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text:
September 2004–March 2006
Indonesia's withdrawal from East Timor in 1999 set the stage for reconciling conflicting land tenure and property rights established during different government regimes, often overlaid on customary rights or in direct contradiction to rights granted by other regimes. Initializing a formal system for reconciling conflicting claims and legally recognizing clear rights to property is both a challenge and a cornerstone for stability, security, and equitable economic growth.
Land is inherent in almost all economic development issues in East Timor. Lack of possible ownership or leasing options deters foreign and domestic investment: banks do not want to provide loans without immovable property collateral, and farmers do not want to invest their money or "sweat equity" without having legally protected rights to the land. Land issues are also important to conflict mitigation, anti-corruption, democracy, governance, and the rule of law.
In May 2003, USAID contracted ARD, under the BASIS IQC, to initiate and administer the Land Law Project (LLP) with the Ministry of Justice and the National University. LLP was designed to provide informed policy recommendations and support the development and implementation of transparent and representative land laws. In September 2004, USAID contracted ARD under the RAISE IQC to extend LLP for additional land research and support to related legislative development, while strengthening institutional capacity for land law implementation and administration.
The ARD team provided technical assistance and training to the University while conducting relevant academic research related to land tenure and property rights. The research results provided important findings to engage both public and private sector stakeholders in dialogue through a public information and education campaign, and to guide the land legislation agenda. In parallel, the ARD team provided technical assistance and training to the Ministry of Justice National Directorate of Land and Property responsible for implementation and administration of land legislation.
ARD supported the crafting of draft land laws and regulations including:
* Juridical Regime of Immovable Property;
* Decree-law to establish a committee on illegal constructions and informal settlements; and
* Ministerial decrees on the Organic Law of the National Directorate of Land and Property (DNTP), the Lease Adjudication Process, DNTP Administrative Fees, the Standardization of State Property Leases, and State Property Allocation to other Government Agencies.
The ARD team facilitated the debate and actual promulgation of key legislation on Leasing and Allocation of State Property of Private Domain (December 2004) and Leasing between Private Individuals (May 2005).
The ARD team's research reports included:
Non-customary Primary Industrial Land Survey: Landholdings and Management Considerations
Land Administration in East Timor–Functions and Responsibilities: Lessons Learned from Albania, Mozambique, and Thailand
When the Ancestors Need Help: Renewable Natural Resources and Institutional Design in Contemporary East Timor
2005 Dili Rental and Valuation Report
Land Valuation and Taxation Policy for Timor-Leste
Land Expropriation Policy Suitable for Timor-Leste: Economic Considerations
Considerations for Economic Zones and the Case of Timor-Leste
ARD developed, designed, and documented with DNTP counterparts a National Land Registration and Titling Plan and Land Registration Manual. ARD specialists mentored local staff and institutionalized procedures to administer leases of government residential properties. Leases of a nominal $10 a month generated about $10,000 in new income per month while legitimizing occupancy.
ARD developed and delivered training to over 50 university faculty and students to analyze the economic feasibility of agricultural projects, and on land taxation, expropriation policy, and industrial zoning. The Field Research Skills training course for 12 faculty, 21 students, and 2 DNTP personnel covered research methods, research ethics, interview techniques, simulated interview exercises, GPS applications, and first aid (research teams traveled to remote, isolated, and hazardous areas). ARD provided database design and development training to university and DNTP personnel, preparing several specific applications to support research and establish an electronic library on land tenure and property rights at the university.
ARD developed quadri-lingual glossaries (in English, Tetun, Portuguese, and Indonesian) on legal terminology regarding land, economics, and agriculture.
For more information, click here to access the project brochure in PDF format.
Source: http://www.ardinc.com/projects/detail_region.php?id=14

subset: commoncrawl


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United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit
August 4, 2017
REAL ALTERNATIVES, INC.; KEVIN I. BAGATTA, ESQ.; THOMAS A. LANG, ESQ.; CLIFFORD W. MCKEOWN, Appellantsv.SECRETARY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES; SECRETARY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR; SECRETARY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY; UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES; UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR; UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY
November 3, 2016
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle
District of Pennsylvania (District Court No.: 1:15-cv-00105)
District Judge: Honorable John E. Jones, III
Matthew S. Bowman (Argued) David A. Cortman Alliance
Defending Freedom Counsel for Appellants Real Alternatives,
Inc.; Kevin I. Bagatta, Esq.; Thomas A. Lang, Esq.; Clifford
W. McKeown.
H. Theriot, Elissa M. Graves, Alliance Defending Freedom
Randy Wenger Counsel for Appellants Real Alternatives, Inc.;
Kevin I. Bagatta, Esq.; Thomas A. Lang, Esq.; Clifford W.
Benjamin C. Mizer, Peter J. Smith, Mark B. Stern, Alisa B.
Klein, Patrick G. Nemeroff, Megan Barbero, Joshua M. Salzman
(Argued) Counsel for Appellees Secretary Department of Health
and Human Services; Secretary United States Department of
Labor; Secretary United States Department of the Treasury;
United States Department of Health and Human Services; United
States Department of Labor; United States Department of
Richard B. Katskee Natacha Y. Lam Americans United for
Separation of Church and State Seth M. Marnin David L. Barkey
Anti-Defamation League Counsel for Amici Curiae Americans
United for Separation of Church and State; Anti-Defamation
League; Central Conference of American Rabbis; Hadassah, The
Women's Zionist Organization of America, Inc.; National
Council of Jewish Women; People for the American Way
Foundation; Union for Reform Judaism; Women of Reform
Before: JORDAN, GREENAWAY, JR., and RENDELL, Circuit Judges
One of
the many provisions of the Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act, Pub. L. No. 111-148, 124 Stat. 119 (2010), requires
employer-provided health insurance plans to cover an array of
preventative services, including FDA-approved contraceptives,
at no cost to participating employees. Employees have the
option of seeking out covered medical providers and using
their services, in which case they are reimbursed, or they
can choose not to use them. The particular provision that
includes contraceptive coverage is commonly referred to as
the "Contraceptive Mandate, " and it includes a
limited exemption for houses of worship and their integrated
auxiliaries. See 45 C.F.R. § 147.131(a); 77
Fed. Reg. 8, 725, 8, 726 (Feb. 15, 2012). A wider set of
religious non-profit and for-profit employers may receive an
accommodation whereby they opt out of providing contraceptive
coverage, with the Government then arranging for their
employees to receive the coverage through third parties at no
cost to, and with no participation of, the objecting
employers. See 45 C.F.R. § 147.131(b)-(c); 78
Fed. Reg. 39, 870, 39, 874-39, 875 (July 2, 2013); Zubik
v. Burwell, 136 S.Ct. 1557, 1559 (2016).
years after we upheld this opt-out accommodation in
Geneva College v. Secretary United States Department of
Health and Human Services, 778 F.3d 422, 427 (3d Cir.
2015), vacated and remanded sub nom. Zubik, 136
S.Ct. at 1561, we now confront the house-of-worship
exemption. This appeal presents two primary questions that
again derive from the purported intersection of the
Contraceptive Mandate and religion: (1) whether the
Contraceptive Mandate must exempt a secular anti-abortion
group with no religious affiliation, and (2) whether an
employee's religious beliefs are substantially burdened
by the law's requirement that his or her employer's
insurance plan cover contraceptives. After careful review,
but without any hesitation, we answer both questions in the
Real Alternatives urges that, pursuant to the Equal
Protection Clause of the Fifth Amendment, if a religious
organization may be exempted from the Contraceptive Mandate,
then non-religious entities with an identical stance on
contraceptives must be exempted as well. Real Alternatives
additionally challenges the Contraceptive Mandate and the
criteria for the exemption as not only arbitrary and
capricious under the Administrative Procedures Act but also
contrary to federal law.
other appellants, three employees of Real Alternatives, bring
individual challenges to the Contraceptive Mandate. They
argue that the Contraceptive Mandate violates the Church
Amendment, 42 U.S.C. § 300a-7(d). They also argue that
maintaining a health insurance plan that covers
contraceptives through their employer violates their
religious rights under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act,
42 U.S.C. §§ 2000bb to 2000bb-4 ("RFRA").
District Court denied Appellants' motion for summary
judgment in its entirety and granted the Government's
cross-motion for summary judgment in its entirety. Because we
agree with the District Court's rulings on all of the
issues raised, we will affirm.
Statutory and Regulatory Framework
1. The
Affordable Care Act and the Contraceptive Mandate
2010, Congress passed the Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act, Pub. L. No. 111-148, 124 Stat. 119 (2010), and the
Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, Pub. L.
No. 111-152, 124 Stat. 1029 (2010) (collectively, the
"ACA"). The ACA requires non-grandfathered group
health plans and insurance providers to cover four categories
of preventative health services, without cost-sharing, as
provided for in guidelines supported by the Health Resources
and Services Administration ("HRSA"), an arm of the
Department of Health and Human Services
("HHS").[1] One of these four categories is
"preventative care and screenings" for women.
requested assistance from the Institute of Medicine
("IOM"), a non-profit division of the National
Academy of Sciences, to develop guidelines on the specific
preventative services for women to be covered under the ACA
(none existed at the time the ACA was passed). The IOM
recommended that HRSA endorse a list of services that
included "[FDA]-approved contraceptive methods,
sterilization procedures, and patient education and
counseling for all women with reproductive capacity."
Institute of Medicine, Clinical Preventative Services for
Women: Closing the Gaps 10 (2011). Examples of FDA-approved
contraceptive methods are diaphragms, oral contraceptives,
intrauterine devices, and emergency contraceptives.
Id. at 105-06. HRSA adopted the IOM's guidelines
in full. Health Resources & Service Administration,
Women's Preventative Service Guidelines,
available at
https://www.hrsa.gov/womensguidelines/ (last visited Jan. 27,
2017). In doing so, HRSA required every group health plan and
health insurance plan to include coverage for these
preventative care services to employees working at non-
exempt employers (the "Contraceptive Mandate"). It
did not require anything from the employee.
Exemption to the Contraceptive Mandate
At the
same time as HRSA adopted IOM's recommended guidelines,
an exemption from the Contraceptive Mandate for certain
religious employers was proposed as an interim final
regulation (the "Exemption"). 76 Fed. Reg. 46, 621
(Aug. 3, 2011). Commenters to the proposed guidelines had
suggested that requiring religious employers to sponsor group
health plans that provide contraceptive services could
impinge on those employers' religious freedom.
Id. at 46, 623. In light of those comments, HHS and
the Departments of Labor and Treasury (collectively, the
"Departments"), the agencies named in Real
Alternatives's underlying lawsuit, authorized HRSA to
exempt certain religious employers from the Contraceptive
Mandate. The Departments specified that they sought "to
provide for a religious accommodation that respects the
unique relationship between a house of worship and its
employees in ministerial positions" and that
"[s]uch an accommodation would be consistent with the
policies of States that require contraceptive services
coverage, the majority of which simultaneously provide for a
religious accommodation."[2] Id.
Departments originally defined a religious employer as an
employer that:
(1) has as its purpose the inculcation of religious values;
(2) primarily employs persons who share its religious tenets;
(3) primarily serves persons who share its religious tenets;
(4) is a non-profit organization under Section 6033(a)(1) and
Section 6033(a)(3)(A)(i) or (iii) of the [Internal Revenue]
Id. The Departments also noted that HRSA's
"discretion to establish an exemption applies only to
group health plans sponsored by certain religious
employers and group health insurance offered in
connection with such plans, " and thus "health
insurance issuers in the individual health insurance
market would not be covered under any such exemption."
Id. at 46, 623-24 (emphasis added). The Departments
formally adopted the four-part definition for exempted
employers in 2012. They also created a one-year safe harbor
for non-exempted, non-profit organizations with religious
objections, and announced that they would develop and propose
changes to the regulation that "would meet two
goals-providing contraceptive coverage without cost-sharing
to individuals who want it and accommodating non-exempted,
non-profit organizations' religious objections to
covering contraceptive services . . . ." 77 Fed. Reg. at
8, 727.
final rules regarding the Exemption went into effect in 2012.
The Departments replaced the multifactor religious employer
test with one definition, essentially the fourth prong of the
previous test: "[A]n employer that is organized and
operates as a nonprofit entity and is referred to in section
6033(a)(3)(A)(i) or (iii) of the [Internal Revenue] Code,
" which addresses churches and their integrated
auxiliaries. 78 Fed. Reg. at 39, 874. The Departments noted
that this new definition "continues to respect the
religious interests of houses of worship and their integrated
auxiliaries in a way that does not undermine the governmental
interests furthered by the contraceptive coverage
requirement." Id. The Departments also stated:
Houses of worship and their integrated auxiliaries that
object to contraceptive coverage on religious grounds are
more likely than other employers to employ people of the same
faith who share the same objection, and who would therefore
be less likely than other people to use contraceptive
services even if such services were covered under their plan.
Id. The Departments added that their statement about
a religious employer's likelihood to hire employees who
share religious beliefs opposing contraceptives was made in
response to commenters concerned that the Exemption would
"undermine the [G]overnment's compelling interests
in promoting public health and ensuring that women have equal
access to health care . . . ." 80 Fed. Reg. 41, 318, 41,
325 (July 14, 2015); see also 78 Fed. Reg. at 39,
887 ("Nor do the exemption for religious employers and
the accommodations for eligible organizations undermine the
[G]overnment's compelling interests.").
2015, the Departments stated that the Exemption was
"provided against the backdrop of the longstanding
governmental recognition of a particular sphere of autonomy
for houses of worship, such as the special treatment given to
those organizations in the [Internal Revenue] Code." 80
Fed. Reg. at 41, 325. They continued:
This exemption . . . is consistent with their special status
under longstanding tradition in our society and under federal
law, and is not a mere product of the likelihood that these
institutions hire coreligionists. Hiring coreligionists is
not itself a determinative factor as to whether an
organization should be accommodated or exempted from the
contraceptive requirements.
Factual Background and Procedural History
Appellant Real Alternatives
Real Alternatives is a non-profit, non-religious,
anti-abortion organization. It does not hold itself out as a
religious entity, is not incorporated as such, and has not
adopted any religious views or positions. Its primary purpose
is to provide "life-affirming alternatives to abortion
services, " and it offers pregnancy and parenting
support programs as well as abstinence education services to
women and families throughout Pennsylvania, Michigan, and
Indiana. J.A. 92-93.
Alternatives avers that its views on human life are based on
science, reason, and non-religious philosophical principles.
Id. at 93. In addition to opposing abortion, Real
Alternatives opposes the use of all contraceptives because it
considers these drugs to be "morally wrong."
Id. at 94.
Alternatives administers its programs through networks of
social service agencies, which Real Alternatives hires as
subcontractors. It requires all of its subcontracting
organizations to share its views and to agree not to provide
or recommend contraceptives or abortion. It only hires
employees who share the company's stance on
contraceptives and abortion.
2008, Real Alternatives has excluded contraceptive care from
the health insurance plan it offers to its employees. Real
Alternatives alleges that in 2014, because of the ACA, its
insurer stopped omitting contraceptive care from coverage
and, as a result, a new plan was offered to
employees.[4] According to Real Alternatives, were it
not for the ACA, its insurance provider would be willing to
revert to providing a plan that omits contraceptive coverage.
Real Alternatives avers that the Contraceptive Mandate
violates the Equal Protection Clause and the Administrative
Procedure Act ("APA").
Appellants Real Alternatives Employees
Kevin I. Bagatta, Thomas A. Lang, and Clifford W. McKeown
work for Real Alternatives (the "Real Alternatives
Employees"). They are, respectively, the President, Vice
President of Operations, and Vice President of Administration
of Real Alternatives. They are the only full-time employees
of Real Alternatives, and they aver that they share the
company's beliefs concerning contraceptive drugs. Each
employee receives health insurance coverage through Real
Alternatives, as do their wives and total of seven minor
children, three of whom are female.
Real Alternatives Employees aver that the Contraceptive
Mandate violates the Church Amendment. They also aver that
the Contraceptive Mandate violates their religious rights
under RFRA. Specifically, they allege that their
"sincerely held religious beliefs prohibit them from
using, supporting, or otherwise advocating the use of
abortifacients, or participating in a health insurance plan
that covers such items for themselves or their
families." J.A. 123.
District Court Opinion
District Court denied Real Alternatives's motion for
summary judgment in its entirety and granted the
Government's cross-motion for summary judgment in its
entirety.[5] We find the District Court's analysis
informative and persuasive for the most part, and we review
it here.
District Court began by addressing Real Alternatives's
equal protection claim, finding in the first instance that
Real Alternatives is not similarly situated to religious
employers with comparable objections to the Contraceptive
Mandate because, notwithstanding those objections, they do
not share the same bases for those positions-namely, religion
versus a single secular position. As discussed
infra, the District Court raised and distinguished
two relevant federal cases, Center for Inquiry, Inc., v.
Marion Circuit Court Clerk, 758 F.3d 869 (7th Cir.
2014), and March for Life v. Burwell, 128 F.Supp.3d
116 (D.D.C. 2015). The District Court also focused on the
"vast history of legislative protections [that] exist[]
to safeguard religious freedom, " and contrasted
"[m]oral philosophies, " which it found "have
been historically unable to enjoy the same privileged
state." J.A. 35. The District Court continued that even
if Real Alternatives were similarly situated to a house of
worship, respecting religious autonomy plainly constitutes a
legitimate purpose to allow the classification to stand under
rational basis review. The District Court examined the
Government's statements in the ACA regulations and found
that it had sufficiently identified religious freedom as the
purpose furthered by the Exemption. The District Court
concluded its equal protection analysis by expressing concern
that "[a]llowing adherence to a single moral belief . .
. to be indistinguishable from religion or an entire moral
creed . . . leads us down a slippery slope."
Id. at 42-43. It reasoned that "finding a
singular moral objection to law on par with a religious
objection" could very well lead to a flood of similar
objections. Id. at 44.
the District Court concluded that Real Alternatives's
claim that the Contraceptive Mandate is arbitrary and
capricious "fail[s] for the same reasons that [its]
Fifth Amendment equal protection claim lacked merit."
Id. at 49; see also id. at 48 (noting that
"[t]he standard for determining whether an [APA]
violation exists under the arbitrary and capricious standard
is markedly similar to rational basis review"). The
District Court also rejected Real Alternatives's argument
that the Contraceptive Mandate violates federal law-namely,
the ACA and the Weldon Amendment of the Consolidated
Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations
Act of 2009 (the "Weldon Amendment")-as well as the
Real Alternatives Employees' claim that it violates the
Church Amendment.
the District Court rejected the Real Alternatives
Employees' RFRA claim. It found that the burden at
issue-maintaining an insurance plan that includes coverage
for preventative services-was not substantial enough
based on the Supreme Court's approach in other RFRA
cases. See J.A. 62 (first citing Bowen v.
Roy, 476 U.S. 693, 703 (1986) (holding that the
Government could condition public benefits on the religiously
prohibited act of providing a social security number without
trampling on the beneficiary's free exercise rights);
then citing Lyng v. Nw. Indian Cemetery Protective
Ass'n, 485 U.S. 439, 449 (1988) (finding that
building a road through sacred land did not violate the free
exercise rights of those who believed in the land's
religious significance)). The District Court concluded in the
alternative that, even if the Contraceptive Mandate did
impose a substantial burden, it would still satisfy RFRA
because it was the least restrictive means of furthering the
Government's compelling interest in a broadly applicable
system of health care that advances public health and gender
Standard of Review
exercise plenary review over a district court's grant of
summary judgment, applying the same standard that the
district court should have applied.[6] Abramson v. William
Paterson Coll. of N.J., 260 F.3d 265, 276 (3d Cir.
2001). A court grants summary judgment if "there is no
genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is
entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed.R.Civ.P.
56(a). There are no material facts in dispute; the questions
raised by the parties are matters of law, which we review
de novo. Shuman ex. rel. Shertzer v. Penn Manor
Sch. Dist., 422 F.3d 141, 146 (3d Cir. 2005).
Equal Protection Claim[7]
Alternatives challenges the constitutionality of the
Exemption's scope, arguing that it violates the
organization's right to equal protection under the Fifth
Amendment by exempting only religious employers and not other
secular entities, such as itself, that oppose the
requirements set forth in the Contraceptive Mandate. Real
Alternatives urges that "[t]here is no rational purpose
to impose the Mandate on those who do not want the items and
will not use them, " and contends that it is excluded
from the Exemption "simply because [it] is a
'non-religious ethical group[]' instead of a
church." Appellants' Br. at 28 (final alteration in
original). If churches receive a religious exemption, the
argument goes, then so too must non-religious entities.
Legal Standard
prevail on its equal protection claim, Real Alternatives must
show that the Government has treated it differently from a
similarly situated party and that the
Government's explanation for the differing treatment does
not satisfy the relevant level of scrutiny. City
of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Ctr., 473 U.S. 432,
439-40 (1985). The parties agree, as they must, that rational
basis review is the applicable standard. Thus, there must be
"a rational relationship between the disparity of
treatment and some legitimate governmental purpose."
United States v. Pollard, 326 F.3d 397, 407 (3d Cir.
2003) (quoting Heller v. Doe, 509 U.S. 312, 320
(1993)). Rational basis review confers a "presumption of
validity" on legislation, and "the plaintiff must
negate every conceivable justification for the classification
in order to prove that the classification is wholly
irrational." Brian B. ex rel. Lois B. v. Pa.
Dep't of Educ., 230 F.3d 582, 586 (3d Cir. 2000)
(citing FCC v. Beach Commc'ns, 508 U.S. 307,
314-15 (1993)).
We must
first determine whether Real Alternatives is similarly
situated to a religious employer, such that the Exemption
must be available to the group absent a legitimate rationale.
There is no question it is not.
Alternatives leans on its company-mandated eschewal of
contraceptives in an attempt to situate itself in lockstep
with religious employers who can avail themselves of the
Exemption, contending that it is in fact "more
favorably" or "identically" situated to houses
of worship because all of its employees by
definition oppose contraceptive coverage. Appellants' Br.
at 28, 30. In making this claim, Real Alternatives invokes
Center for Inquiry, in which the Seventh Circuit
struck down an Indiana statute that permitted religious
officials to solemnize marriages but prohibited their
counterparts from secular groups from doing the same. 758
F.3d at 875. There, the court reasoned that "[a]n
accommodation cannot treat religions favorably when secular
groups are identical with respect to the attribute selected
for that accommodation." Id. at 872.
Real Alternatives ignores key distinctions between that case
and this one. Most notably, Real Alternatives disregards the
stark contrast between itself and the appellant in Center
for Inquiry, a humanist group that resembles a
"religion[] in everything except belief in a
deity." Id. at 871. Real Alternatives is a
completely different type of entity, particularly because of
its structure, aim, purpose, and function in its members'
lives. Indeed, Real Alternatives's credo is limited to a
one-sentence mission statement that says it "exists to
provide life-affirming alternatives to abortion services
throughout the nation." J.A. 92. In Center for
Inquiry, the humanist organization explicitly argued
that "its methods and values play the same role
in its members' lives as religious methods and values
play in the lives of adherents." 758 F.3d at 871
(emphasis added). Real Alternatives makes no such claim, as
it is solely concerned with administering programs that
reflect its moral opposition to contraceptives and abortion.
Thus, Center for Inquiry does not help Real
Alternatives demonstrate that it is similarly situated to a
religious entity.
Real Alternatives does bear some resemblance to the
plaintiffs in March for Life, the district court
decision upon which it heavily relies. There, the District
Court for the District of Columbia granted summary judgment
to a non-profit, secular anti-abortion group on its equal
protection challenge to the Contraceptive Mandate. We cannot
accept the district court's reasoning in that case.
Relying almost exclusively on Center for Inquiry,
the district court found that the secular group at issue was
"similarly situated with regard to the precise attribute
selected for accommodation"-specifically, a shared view
that abortion is wrong. March for Life, 128
F.Supp.3d at 126 (emphasis omitted). But that court-and, by
extension, Real Alternatives-ignored a crucial point: Unlike
the corporation in Center for Inquiry, which
involved a comprehensive belief system that happened not to
be deity-centric, a secular anti-abortion group mirrors a
single-issue interest group and not a religious organization
that takes advantage of the Exemption. We agree with Judge
Jones's observation regarding the disparities between the
two groups: "In every other respect, they are different.
Real Alternatives is an employer, a company, and not a belief
system . . . and its single mission statement cannot guide
believers comprehensively throughout life as a religion
can." J.A. 42; cf. United States v. Seeger, 380
U.S. 163, 187 (1965) (accommodating a secular pacifist's
objections to the draft because his beliefs "occup[y]
the same place in his life as the belief in a traditional
deity holds in the lives of" adherents to religion).
Alternatives is in no way like a religious denomination or
one of its nontheistic counterparts-not in structure, not in
aim, not in purpose, and not in function. We do not doubt
that Real Alternatives's stance on contraceptives is
grounded in sincerely-held moral values, but "religion
is not generally confined to one question or one moral
teaching; it has a broader scope." Malnak v.
Yogi, 592 F.2d 197, 209 (3d Cir. 1979) (Adams, J.,
concurring). We have accordingly noted three
"guideposts" courts ought to use when identifying a
First, a religion addresses fundamental and ultimate
questions having to do with deep and imponderable matters.
Second, a religion is comprehensive in nature; it consists of
a belief-system as opposed to an isolated teaching. Third, a
religion often can be recognized by the presence of certain
formal and external signs.
Africa v. Pennsylvania, 662 F.2d 1025, 1032 (3d Cir.
1981). We thus agree with Amici Curiae that "Real
Alternatives is functionally similar not to a church, but to
the countless nonreligious 501(c)(3) nonprofit organizations
that take morally informed positions on some discrete set of
issues, " such as the NAACP and the National
Organization for Marriage.[8] Amici Curiae Br. at 16.
Alternatives overemphasizes its shared opposition to
contraceptive coverage while inexplicably dismissing the
Government's repeated statements that the Exemption
"was provided against the backdrop of the longstanding
governmental recognition of a particular sphere of autonomy
for houses of worship . . . ." 80 Fed. Reg. at 41, 325.
But framing the Exemption-or any religious exemption for that
matter-so broadly as to encompass any employer who disagrees
with any aspect of an underlying law lies in direct
contradiction to the Supreme Court's refusal to broaden
religion-based exemptions in similar contexts. See United
States v. Lee, 455 U.S. 252, 260-61 (1982) (in a Social
Security-related matter, rejecting a claim to extend a
limited exemption because "[c]onfining the . . .
exemption . . . provided for a narrow category which was
readily identifiable, " and noting that "every
person cannot be shielded from all the burdens incident to
exercising every aspect of the right to practice religious
beliefs"). Permitting Real Alternatives to qualify for
the Exemption would similarly run afoul of this country's
vast history of legislative protections that single out and
safeguard religious freedom but not moral philosophy. See
Corp. of the Presiding Bishop of the Church of Jesus Christ
of Latter-Day Saints v. Amos, 483 U.S. 327, 338 (1987)
("Where, as here, [G]overnment acts with the proper
purpose of lifting a regulation that burdens the exercise of
religion, we see no reason to require that the exemption
comes packaged with benefits to secular
entities.");[9] Religious Land Use and Institutionalized
Persons Act, 42 U.S.C. § 2000cc ("RLUIPA")
(requiring religious accommodation for zoning and land use
regulations); Employee Retirement Income Security Act of
1974, 29 U.S.C. § 1003(b)(2) (exempting "church
plan[s]" from retirement-plan regulations); Internal
Revenue Code, 26 U.S.C. §§ 6033(a)(3)(A)(i), (iii)
(carving out "churches, their integrated auxiliaries, .
. . conventions or associations of churches, " and
"the exclusively religious activities of any religious
order" from a tax-filing requirement); Title VII of the
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-1(a)
(requiring that employers not discriminate on the basis of
religion). If mere disagreement, however vehemently felt,
were sufficient to bring an equal protection claim, virtually
any law implicating religion would be rendered moot because
the exemption would be too easy to invoke.[10] Cf.
Cutter v. Wilkinson, 544 U.S. 709, 724 (2005)
(acknowledging that "all manner of religious
accommodations would fall" if the Court struck down one
law that implicated religion because of the similarities
among religious accommodation laws).
even if Real Alternatives were deemed similarly situated to a
religion, the group's challenge would still fail
because of the historic principle of respect for the autonomy
of genuine religions. This principle provides the legitimate
purpose for the preferential treatment of religious
organizations. The Exemption "provide[s] for a religious
accommodation that respects the unique relationship between a
house of worship and its employees in ministerial
positions." 76 Fed. Reg. at 46, 623. It "was
provided against the backdrop of the longstanding
governmental recognition of a particular sphere of autonomy
for houses of worship, " is "consistent with their
special status under longstanding tradition in our society
and under federal law, and is not a mere product of the
likelihood that these institutions hire coreligionists."
80 Fed. Reg. at 41, 325. Real Alternatives brazenly dismisses
these statements as disingenuous.[11] In doing so, it misses a
crucial point about rational basis review: It is
"constitutionally irrelevant whether this [legitimate]
reasoning in fact underlay the legislative decision"
because this Court has never insisted that a legislative body
articulate its reasons for enacting a statute. U.S. R.R.
Ret. Bd. v. Fritz, 449 U.S. 166, 179 (1980); see
also Beach Commc'ns, 508 U.S. at 318 (applying
Fritz to an administrative action). In any event,
the attribute Congress selected for classification is not
opposition to contraceptives; it is status as a house of
worship and based on the long-established governmental desire
to respect the autonomy of houses of worship regardless of
their particular stance on contraceptives.
It is
beyond dispute that respecting church autonomy is a
legitimate purpose-one that not only satisfies rational basis
review but also is enshrined in the constitutional fabric of
this country. Principles of noninterference trace back to
"the text of the First Amendment itself, which gives
special solicitude to the rights of religious organizations,
" and recognizes their "independence from secular
control or manipulation-in short, [their] power to decide for
themselves, free from state interference, matters of church
government as well as those of faith and doctrine."
Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church & Sch. v.
EEOC, 132 S.Ct. 694, 704, 706 (2012) (quoting
Kedroff v. Saint Nicholas Cathedral of Russian Orthodox
Church in N. Am., 344 U.S. 94, 116 (1952)) (internal
quotation marks omitted). Even when noninterference is not
strictly required, the Government has discretion to grant
certain religious accommodations subject to constitutional
limitations.[12] See Cutter, 544 U.S. at 720-
22. These accommodations may be extended to houses of worship
and religious denominations without applying to all nonprofit
entities in order to "alleviate significant governmental
interference with the ability of religious organizations to
define and carry out their religious
missions."[13] Amos, 483 U.S. at 335; see
also Walz v. Tax Comm'n, 397 U.S. 664, 676 (1970)
(upholding a property tax exemption for houses of worship);
Hosanna-Tabor, 132 S.Ct. at 706 (finding a
"special rule for ministers grounded in the Religion
Clauses themselves").
reiterate, however, that Real Alternatives cannot satisfy the
first prong of a successful equal protection claim. Finding
all single-issue non-profit organizations to be similarly
situated to houses of worship based on their adherence to a
shared position on one issue would expand religious
exemptions beyond what is constitutionally required. That a
legitimate purpose of the highest order- respect for
religious autonomy-justifies the Exemption only underscores
the inevitability of our conclusion. We therefore find that
Real Alternatives's equal protection claim fails as a
matter of law.
Alternatives asserts two claims under the APA: (1) the
Contraceptive Mandate is arbitrary and capricious because it
does not serve a rational governmental purpose as applied to
Real Alternatives, an organization that employs only people
who oppose contraceptive coverage; and (2) it violates the
Constitution and federal law. Both claims lack merit.
reviewing court may "hold unlawful and set aside agency
action" that is "(A) arbitrary, capricious, an
abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with
law" or "(B) contrary to constitutional right,
power, privilege, or immunity." 5 U.S.C. §
We have
held that the standard for determining whether an APA
violation exists under the arbitrary and capricious standard
is substantially similar to rational basis review:
Agency action is arbitrary and capricious if the agency
offers insufficient reasons for treating similar situations
differently. If [an] agency makes an exception in one case,
then it must either make an exception in a similar case or
point to a relevant distinction between the two cases. Review
of an equal protection claim in the context of agency action
is similar to that under the APA. That is, an
agency's decision must be upheld if under the Equal
Protection Clause, it can show a rational basis for its
decision. As such, the equal protection argument can be
folded into the APA argument, since no suspect class is
involved and the only question is whether the . . . treatment
of [appellees] was rational (i.e., not arbitrary and
Nazareth Hosp. v. Sec'y U.S. Dep't of Health
& Human Servs., 747 F.3d 172, 179-80 (3d Cir. 2014)
(alteration in original) (citations and internal quotation
marks omitted) (emphasis added).
we find that Real Alternatives's equal protection claim
fails, we need not reexamine its arbitrary and capricious
claim, which is subject to the same standard of review.
Alternatives argues that the Contraceptive Mandate also
violates the APA because it infringes on two other federal
laws: the ACA and the Weldon Amendment. The Real Alternatives
Employees argue that the Contraceptive Mandate also violates
the Church Amendment and, therefore, the APA. We disagree
with these contentions and find no violations. We address
each law in turn.
a. ACA
The ACA
states that none of its provisions "shall be construed
to require a qualified health plan to provide coverage of
[abortion] services as part of its essential health benefits
for any plan year." 42 U.S.C. § 18023(b)(1)(A)(i).
Real Alternatives argues that the Contraceptive Mandate
violates this provision by "requiring coverage of
certain 'FDA-approved contraceptives' which act as
abortifacients, in that they cause the demise of human
embryos after conception and before and/or after implantation
in the uterus." Appellants' Br. at 57. Real
Alternatives does not cite any statutory or regulatory
definition of abortion that includes
longstanding FDA regulations treat pregnancy as "the
period of time from implantation until delivery, " 45
C.F.R. § 46.202(f), and categorize drugs that may
prevent implantation as contraceptives rather than as
abortifacients. 62 Fed. Reg. 8, 610, 8, 611 (Feb. 25, 1997)
("Emergency contraceptive pills are not effective if the
woman is pregnant; they act by delaying or inhibiting
ovulation, and/or altering tubal transport of sperm and/or
ova (thereby inhibiting fertilization), and/or altering the
endometrium (thereby inhibiting implantation).").
Further, we defer to the Government's definition because
"this Court will normally accord particular deference to
an agency interpretation of longstanding duration."
Barnhart v. Walton, 535 U.S. 212, 220 (2002)
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text:
All animals come in contact with and must survive a variety of stresses every day, from environmental conditions such as temperature or resource availability to encounters with pathogens. In the Powell lab, we examine how the (best) model organism C. elegans, affectionately known as the worm, responds to such stresses. You might be wondering what a worm, composed of a mere 959 somatic cells can tell us about other organisms, especially ourselves. In fact, there are a lot of conserved/homologous genes shared between worms and humans, so meet your 1 mm long, hermaphroditic, bacteriavoric, invertebrate relative.
This summer, Zoe Yeoh '18 and San Luc '20 are continuing to examine the worm innate immune response, the worm's defense to pathogenic infection. Using a variety of different genetic tools, they are attempting to determine how different immune pathways interact to recognize and respond to infection effectively in order for the worm to survive. In particular, they are working on a facet of the innate immune system called the oxidative stress response, a system that responds to the reactive oxygen species produced by pathogenic bacteria in order to harm the host. Meanwhile, Leah Gulyas '19 looks at how worms respond to thermal stress, specifically acute cold shock, in which worms are plunged from a comfortable 20°C to the slightly less accommodating temperature of 2°C.
Meet the members of our lab and hear a bit about what we've been up to this summer!
Our fearless leader (Dr. Powell)
Hard on the grant-writing trail.
Zoe Yeoh '18
I work on the relationship between a gene called skn-1, a master regulator of the oxidative stress response, and fshr-1 which is known to play an important role in the innate immune system. I am looking for possible interactions between these two proteins to better characterize how worms and other organisms respond to oxidative stress.
San Luc '20
I am working with a gene called bli-3, which codes for the production of reactive oxygen species- an important mechanism in the worm innate immune system. My research looks at how this gene acts as part of the defense system, and how it interacts with the G-protein coupled receptor fshr-1, also crucial for the innate immune system.
Leah Gulyas '19
Worms that are exposed to extremely cold temperatures undergo a set of predictable phenotypic changes that seem to have evolved as progeny investment technique. I am currently examining how vitellogenins, a class of proteins that are involved in lipid transport between the intestine and the germline, may be involved in this phenomenon, as well as how neuronal sensation and canonical stress response genes may also play a role in determining cold stress survival.
There and back again, a worm geneticist's tale
We recently had the opportunity to attend the 2017 International C. elegans conference held in UCLA, with thousands of worm geneticists. San stayed back to keep the lab going, and while our lab was divided, we all kept extremely busy, having a productive week.
In California…
After a long and informative day of workshops and research presentations, we finished the day with a bout of bear wrangling (not Beorn).
Back in Gettysburg…
San cares for her worms.
In California…
We present our posters at one of the three poster session at the conference, and get to exchange experimental ideas and speak with scientists from all over the world.
Back in Gettysburg
San harvests her worms.
In California…
In a little bit of spare time, we make a pilgrimage to one of the greatest art museums in the world, the Getty, a mecca of history and culture.
Back in Gettysburg…
San feeds her worms.
In California…
We attend a scientist dance party.
Back in Gettysburg
After a long day's work, San finally gets to take a nap in the peace and quiet of lab.


text:
Europe Acinetobacter Infections Treatment Market by Manufacturers, Countries, Type and Application, Forecast to 2023
Acinetobacter is a group of bacteria commonly found in soil and water. While there are many types or "species" of Acinetobacter and all can cause human disease, Acinetobacter baumannii accounts for about 80% of reported infections.
Scope of the Report:
This report focuses on the Acinetobacter Infections Treatment in Europe market, especially in Germany, UK, France, Russia, and Italy. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, countries, type and application.
Market Segment by Manufacturers, this report covers
Entasis Therapeutics
Adenium Biotech
Hsiri Therapeutics
Aridis Pharmaceuticals
LegoChem Biosciences
Atterx Biotherapeutics
Sealife PHARMA
Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals
Market Segment by Countries, covering
Market Segment by Type, covers
Market Segment by Applications, can be divided into
There are 17 Chapters to deeply display the Europe Acinetobacter Infections Treatment market.
Chapter 1, to describe Acinetobacter Infections Treatment Introduction, product type and application, market overview, market analysis by countries, market opportunities, market risk, market driving force;
Chapter 2, to analyze the manufacturers of Acinetobacter Infections Treatment, with profile, main business, news, sales, price, revenue and market share in 2016 and 2017;
Chapter 3, to display the competitive situation among the top manufacturers in Europe, with sales, revenue and market share in 2016 and 2017;
Chapter 4, to show the Europe market by countries, covering Germany, UK, France, Italy and Russia, with sales, price, revenue and market share of Acinetobacter Infections Treatment, for each country, from 2013 to 2018;
Chapter 5 and 6, to show the market by type and application, with sales, price, revenue, market share and growth rate by type and application, from 2013 to 2018;
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to analyze the key countries by manufacturers, Type and Application, covering Germany, UK, France, Italy and Russia, with sales, revenue and market share by manufacturers, types and applications;
Chapter 12, Acinetobacter Infections Treatment market forecast, by countries, type and application, with sales, price, revenue and growth rate forecast, from 2018 to 2023;
Chapter 13, to analyze the manufacturing cost, key raw materials and manufacturing process etc.
Chapter 14, to analyze the industrial chain, sourcing strategy and downstream end users (buyers);
Chapter 15, to describe Acinetobacter Infections Treatment sales channel, distributors, traders, dealers etc.
Chapter 16 and 17, to describe Acinetobacter Infections Treatment Research Findings and Conclusion, Appendix, methodology and data source
Learn how to effectively navigate the market research process to help guide your organization on the journey to success.Download eBook


text:
When was that?
Can't remember.
Went to Pao Bing.
This was what I ordered.
Didn't even eat breakfast.
Had ice for brunch =o=
You can see our form teacher,
Wu Lao Shi :D
* * *
Edison Cube arrived!
Wanted to write a review,
But sorta lost the mood to do it.
So anyway,
Here's a short one.
From stuff I see online,
Here's the difference.
- It didn't came in a weird box, with ribbons, green-red combination wrappings.
- There wasn't a personally written thank-you note.
- The blue isn't dark, it's actually quite similar to the standard colour scheme.
- The orange is kinda light, though.
- Was super tight, and the caps didn't fall off.
- I almost though the caps were sealed, and there was no way of adjusting the tension.
- But I got it off anyway, lol.
- Didn't cut corners at first.
- Loosened it and now it's great!
- But probably not as amazing as those I seen online?
- But better than what I previously had anyway.
- Was worried sick that it wouldn't meet my expectations D:
* * *
Ceramah undang!
Small room o_o
Something written on the door in beside the last row =x
The 6 of us sat in the last row.
There wasn't much to teach,
So we spent most of the time watching pointless videos,
Just to fill in the 5 hours.
After that,
We went to Otak-Otak Place in the IOI boulevard.
50% off! Thanks to Karmern's mom!
My Nasi Briyani Dam,
Not that nice.
The chicken was ... overcooked.
My berries blended (I think).
Nice :D
* * *
Other than that,
I've been watching loads of movies,
Will post about all of them,


text:
When lenders commence to foreclose on a property, there are many reasons why the action is stalled, abandoned, withdrawn or dismissed. Most homeowners leave the property and believe at some point, that the bank assumes ownership. But for many cases, this simply does not happen – usually without their knowledge. Homeowners also may not realize that they are still responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of the property, even if the bank has attempted to secure or "winterize" the property from freezing damage. Further, there is liability to third persons, such as trespassers, who may litigate against the homeowner and where there is usually no insurance coverage
In these cases, the property owners can take action to resolve the foreclosure litigation or to remove the property lien in those cases where it has been withdrawn or dismissed – and sell the property for a complete profit! "This is known as a quiet title action. At James J. Quail & Associates, P.C., we understand the burden that these "zombie properties" can be for harried homeowners who thought their equity in the property was gone and the responsibility for the maintenance and care property had long ended. Our Massapequa real estate attorney is ready to bring knowledgeable and aggressive counsel to put forth and resolve your quiet title action.
Learn more about your quiet title action options today. Call us at (516) 246-2449 to tell us you story.
Quiet title actions are described in RPAPL § 1501. These actions were intended to resolve conflicts between multiple parties who have some claim or interest to a property (such as family members or multiple business entities). However, now that zombie properties have become so prevalent in our area, these actions have become effective in discharging the lien for an unpaid mortgage and allowing the plaintiff to recover the property. It also allows for the holder of a tax lien to commence an action and possibly take possession of the property.
Key points to understand about quiet title actions:
While these quiet title actions can be a boon for homeowners, they can be complex to properly navigate. If you need to resolve your ties to a zombie property, then James J. Quail & Associates, P.C. is ready to speak with you about your quiet title options.
Use our online form to request your case evaluation today.


text:
Warning Oxygen can kill you
Oxygen, which we all need to live, is slowly doing battle against our bodies and winning. The very substance that gives us life is destroying our bodies. The chemistry maybe complicated, but there is one plain fact, Oxygen is corrosive. It actually is one of the most corrosive substances known to man. Corrosion by oxygen is simply known by another name, oxidation. It is this corrosion that turns iron into rust and tarnishes metals. It is also this corrosion that causes things to burn. Fire is merely rapid oxidation of carbon in wood or paper. But what does this have to do with our bodies? Certainly, we are not rusting nor are we on fire. In a sense that is true, but we are using oxygen in roughly the same way. Here's how. As we see with fire, oxidation gives off energy and it is the energy of oxidation that fuels our bodies. Inside of every one of our cells is a tiny power plant utilizing oxygen to give us the energy to live. It is a rather impressive system. After being inhaled into our lungs, oxygen is carried from our lungs by the red blood cells to all the cells of our bodies, where oxidation takes place and energy is released. We then exhale carbon dioxide. In a perfect world, there would be no problems with this system. However, this is not a perfect world. Unfortunately, while it gives us life, oxidation has a destructive side, namely in the way of free radicals.
Free radicals, what are they and what they do?
Inside of every one of our cells, we have tiny little fires burning giving us energy and keeping us alive. However, just like wood or coal burning, sometimes little sparks can fly off. The little sparks in our bodies are free radicals and just like a wood fire spark, they can "burn" parts of us that we don't want. When a free radical shoots off, it can damage other cells causing our bodies to age, or lead to the hardening of the arteries which if left to continue can lead to heart attacks and strokes. Free radicals can even damage our DNA which can lead to cell mutations or cancers.
How can we protect ourselves?
There are ways to defend our bodies from damage, such as avoiding outside sources of free radicals like cigarette smoke, alcohol, sun exposure, automobile exhaust, x-rays and unsaturated fat as well as provide our bodies with the help it needs to produce enzymes which neutralize free radicals. Minerals, such as zinc, copper, manganese and selenium are needed to manufacture these enzymes. Aside from our bodies own defenses, antioxidant vitamins aid in scavenging the body for free radicals and neutralizing them. Major antioxidant vitamins include Vitamins A, B2, C, and E which can be found in a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, especially those which color is yellow to dark orange are can help in the battle. A good antioxidant diet includes: Carrots, Sweet potatoes, Cantaloupes, Apricots, Peaches, Broccoli, Pumpkin, Spinach, Prunes, Watermelons, Oranges, Tangerines, Kiwi fruit, Brussels sprouts, Grapefruit, Chili peppers, Whole grains, Wheat germ, Almonds, Sunflower seeds, Garlic, Radishes, Cabbage, Celery, Cucumbers, and Fish (especially oily fish).
- Especially good fruits include: cantaloupes, oranges and kiwis.
- Especially good vegetables: Broccoli, spinach, peppers and cabbage.
While it is important to include these in your diet, it is also important that they are eaten raw as often as possible. Some vitamins are destroyed by heat and cooking reduces the actual amounts of nutrients in some foods.
Vitamin supplements
While most nutrients are found in the foods we eat, sometimes our diets don't include enough of those nutrients and it is then necessary to take multiple vitamin supplements. Good multiple vitamin supplements should contain at least the following antioxidants:
- Manganese: 2-5 mg
- Copper: 1.5-3 mg
- Zinc: 12 mg
- Selenium: 55 µg
What about "one-per-day" multiples? One-per-day multiples are primarily B-complex vitamins, with both vitamin A and vitamin D included either at high or low potency, depending on the supplement. The rest of the formula tends to be low potency. It does not take much of some of the minerals—for example, copper, zinc, and iron—to offer 100% or more of what people normally require, so these minerals may appear at reasonable levels in a one-per-day multiple.
Medicine, Modern Science and common sense.
Years ago, it was a common belief held by doctors that a balanced diet provided enough antioxidants to keep us healthy and fit. Now, with society's demand to live longer and look younger, doctors have started rethinking their attitudes towards antioxidant supplements. This has caused a surge in antioxidant research bringing a surplus of possible supplements to our diets. Here are a few of what they have found:
Lipoten: This supplement is also known as Alpha Lipoic Acid. It is considered to be a universal antioxidant as it is potent in every one of our cells. It works with enzymes that control the generation of energy from food. Known mostly as lipoten in face creams alpha lipoic acid can be an antioxidant defender of the skin, much like vitamin C.
L-Carnitine: This supplement, mostly known by bodybuilders and dieters, is an amino acid that aids in the breaking down of fats to be used to produce energy. Even though it is better known to build muscle, it also plays a role in cardiovascular health and benefits the kidneys.
Biotin: This is an unnumbered B vitamin that plays a role in the usage of fats and amino acids as well as the replication of DNA.
Carotenoids: The more we discover about antioxidants, the more we realize that much remains to be learned. For example, one of the best known nutrients in our diet is beta-carotene, the pigment that gives the characteristic color to carrots, cantaloupe, and sweet potatoes and is also abundant in leafy green vegetables, such as kale and spinach. But beta-carotene is only one of a number of substances called carotenoids that work in different ways to resist cancer. There are thought to be more than 500 carotenoids. Of these, some 10 percent are converted by the body into vitamin A.
Besides their antioxidant properties, many carotenoids seem to have positive effects on immune function, which can be critical in stopping cancer. Recently, researchers have been focusing on the carotenoids alpha-carotene (in carrots), lycopene (in red fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes and red peppers), beta cryptoxanthin (in oranges), and lutein and zeaxanthin (in broccoli and leafy green vegetables). People with deficiencies of these substances are more likely to develop certain kinds of cancer, particularly lung cancer, supporting the theory that increased consumption of these carotenoids might protect against cancer.
Selenium, which isn't accepted as an antioxidant by all experts, must be ingested in very small amounts to avoid tissue damage. This mineral is found in food and water (especially seafood, meat, poultry, and grain). The precise amount depends on the levels of selenium in the soil in which the food was grown or through which the water flowed.
Zinc: a metal necessary for many of the chemical reactions that take place in our bodies, helps support immune function. People with throat and prostate cancers are often deficient in zinc. Zinc supplements help fight cancer cells in laboratory animals. Meat, seafood, grains, and vegetables are good sources of this mineral.
Finally, there's glutathione, a substance built from amino acids that acts as one of the body's major antioxidants. Glutathione supplements are now available in most health food stores.
While researchers are seeking the "new" antioxidants, they have also, finally, agreed that the common sense that people have known for centuries about keeping healthy is actually true. Here is what they say about what we already knew:
Soybeans and Green Tea: The cancer-fighting prowess of these two staples of the oriental diet derives from isoflavones, which occurs in a variety of vegetables, but is particularly concentrated in soybeans and green tea. In green tea they can account for about 30 percent of the dry weight of the tea leaves. Isoflavones work in two ways against cancer: as antioxidants and as antimutagens, preventing cell mutations which can become malignancies.
Garlic and Onions: Like soy, garlic seems to offer a variety of benefits. Although results are still preliminary, researchers are finding that in addition to promoting cardiovascular health, garlic and other members of the allium family (onions, scallions, chives, leeks, shallots) may offer protective benefits against cancer.
Olive oil: A monounsaturated fat linked with low rates of both heart disease and cancer. An ingredient found in olive oil, called squalene, has been shown to kill or suppress tumor growth in animals.
Looking good, feeling good
Either way, whether you change your diet to include more antioxidant foods or take antioxidant supplements, with these defenses, you can slow the damage done by free radicals and maybe even reverse it. It is time to start looking younger on the outside by making your body younger on the inside.
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text: This is a remote, home-based position. Scopic Software (https://scopicsoftware.com/careers/) is the largest virtual software company in the world. We have over 200 employees in 30 different countries. All employees work from home. We develop custom software applications for clients in North America and Europe. The company is looking to hire a talented Junior Web Developer. Work hours are flexible. Projects are interesting and challenging. Please include information about your hobby programming projects into your CV, especially if you dont have commercial programming experience.


text:
DEMOCRAT & CHRONICLE / SEARCH: 115 Miller Street Wellsville, NY 14895
Single Family Residential
- 3 beds
- 1.5 baths
- $45,000 price
- R1026482 mls id
- Half Baths: 1
- Square Feet: 1,422 sqft
- Year Built: 1910
- Status: A-Active
This 3 bedroom home is located on a quiet dead end street in the village of Wellsville. Walk in from the covered front porch into a large living room or split it for living room / dining room. Off from the eat in kitchen is also a half bath and laundry area with a back side door to the driveway and one car detached garage. Upstairs are 3 good size bedrooms and a full bath. Full basement with a dirt floor. There is a nice big peaceful backyard. This home also has a new 200 amp electric box.
- Style 2 Story
Courtesy of: Middaugh Real Estate, Inc.
Office Phone: 585-593-3457
Listing Agent: Bonnie Ives
Updated: 24th January, 2019 10:32 AM.
115 Miller Street Wellsville, NY
Real Estate | Democrat & Chronicle Powered by Placester


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With the cooperation and support of Fr. Konopa and Dn. Sage, we have begun an experiment with recording their homilies. We hope access to these homilies will be helpful and meaningful for many people in our parish family.
The homily videos are available in two ways. If you prefer to use your smartphone or tablet, visit our mobile site (mmoc.mobi) and download our free app to your iPhone or Android device. If you have a larger screen, visit the full website (mmoclacrosse.org) and click "Watch a Recent Homily" near the top of the screen.
One benefit of viewing a homily on video is that we are able to offer closed-captioning. Now our sisters and brothers in Christ who have a hearing impairment can share in our worship a little more fully.


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Dedicated Development Teams
Such service is required for long-term projects, when the scope of the work is unclear and it is difficult to set up definite time frames.
JavaScript Development Services
This type of service is used to get an out-of-the-box software that is developed based on a client`s specification and business needs.
Technical Support & Maintenance
Every software needs to be maintained, as after development process there are many changes, improvements and updates could be done, based on ever changing requirements and company's needs.
Migration from PHP to Node.JS
If the client has already existing PHP web application, it could be easily migrated to Node.JS as the JavaScript becomes one of the most popular languages for the server-side development thanks to it`s significant performance.
Quality Assurance
One of the most important stages in the development process is a testing application procedure. Quality assurance helps to avoid problems and obstacles while using the software.
UI/UX Design
User interface/user experience design service is aimed to make the process of interaction with the website to be very easy and comfortable.
Dedicated team is assigned to the project for a full-time position. Client has an ability to control and manage full workflow and performance of the selected team.
The project expenses correspond to the time spent by all resources assigned to the particular project. Client has an opportunity to implement new ideas on every development stage.
Primary estimation of the project scope define the time frame of the development process and corresponding costs.
A flexible solution for technical support and maintenance of your existing projects.


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Recent Stories
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NuBlue Win 'Digital Business Of The Year'
InfoLab21 resident NuBlue are celebrating their win at last Thursday's Lancashire Business View Red Rose Awards.
The ceremony celebrated the outstanding achievements of real businesses in Lancashire and rewarded and recognised the companies, individuals and organisations that have not only survived but thrived in incredibly challenging times.
The ceremony took place at the stunning Blackpool Empress Ballrooms and highlighted the success of NuBlue who fought off tough competition to be awarded Digital Business of the Year.
NuBlue Managing Director Michael Ashworth said,
"It is a real honour to be chosen from such a strong group of shortlisted candidates. The standard locally in our industry is incredibly high and improving all the time, so to be singled out for this award is a real credit to everyone in the team here, who has worked so hard in helping develop this company into what it is today."
NuBlue are a full service agency and hosting provider. 2010 was a year of growth for NuBlue, more than doubling turnover and doubling the size of the team to 14. NuBlue have had the privilege of working with brands such as Danone, the NHS and Virgin Media, whilst also working closely with established internet businesses in Lancashire to help improve their web presence and help them realise a real return from their online investments.
Wed 06 April 2011
Associated Links
- NuBlue - Business Hosting, Web Development & Marketing


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New Video: Ruslan – "Game Don't Wait" feat. John Givez
Artist: Ruslan
Featured Artist: John Givez
Song: "Game Don't Wait"
Album: Do For One (iTunes | Amazon | Google Play)
Album Release Date: April 3, 2015
Label: Kings Dream Entertainment
Kings Dream artist Ruslan dropped the official music video for "Game Don't Wait" feat. label-mate John Givez today. The song was featured on Ruslan's latest full-length album Do For One. For more on the album check out Aubrey's in-depth album review.
Watch "Game Don't Wait" feat. John Givez below:
RELATED: Album Review: Ruslan – Do For One
RELATED: Ruslan Announces New Album Do For One Details


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Yes, guess what I am doing today?
I am painting my kitchen cabinets.
For way too long I have been so tired of our dark cabinets. We have
been talking about getting a new kitchen. Eventually.
But I can't take another year or two with this dark color :o)
So today our kitchen cabinets are getting a fresh new nice "Swiss coffee" color.
I started earlier and am "on break" now and wanted to make a
quick post to wish you all a nice happy Friday.
Nnow time to turn Danish Lukas Graham back on and get ready for
coat number 2.
Not sure yet If I need to do a coat number 3 too.. Lets see...
Have a great day !


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The puppy that we recently added to the family has been here 2.5 weeks and is now 10 weeks old. He's been pretty good with his behavior and even goes potty outside. Most of the time.
When he first arrived here we had snow and bitter cold, so he never ventured far from door to do his business. As the snow thawed and the weather warmed, I picked up the little poops he'd left. However, now that the snow was melting, he was running out of places to go because he felt most comfortable pooping in the snow. Perhaps a snow maker for the backyard?! In a previous posting, I wrote about Owen and how he's "mine". He's definitely mine when certain things occur.
For instance, on a warmer day recently, I went out with him as he felt like expanding his boundaries. He finally got down the step of the patio (going down steps makes him nervous because he's so small his body barely makes it to the next step without looking like he's going to tip over) and started sniffing around and, of course, eating twigs, leaves, grass and yes, poop. I saw him chewing on something and went to retrieve it and it was cat poop. Feeling as if I needed to wash his mouth out with soap to kill the bacteria while I simultaneously was repulsed, I brought him in and put him in his kennel. We will have to put a stop to that because I can't just pick up all the cat poop. For some reason cat poop doesn't have to be picked up whereas dog poop does? It's a mystery to me, but men usually have there reasons. (Probably not a good one though) But I digress. At these times, he's my dog.
Sometimes he gets lazy and doesn't go outside to do his business. Either that or we lose site of him long enough that it's too late. If he has a chance, he likes to poop under the Christmas tree. Interesting. Thankfully they are small "gifts"! He's mine during those times too. Even if I wasn't home when the said pooping occurred. It's there for me when I get home.
When he's playing and cuddly and cute, everyone loves Owen! The family gathers around and we talk about how cute he is, or cute things he's done. Several photos are taken, of course.
Then there's the biting. He loves to play but he'll nip at you if you let him and eventually just chew on you like a bone. He's my dog! I'm working on that one by yelping when he does this. I feel silly yelping all day but it does work. He's also fond of my shoes, so I sense some Bitter Apple in his future.
My work tie. He loved that. It was, yes was a clip-on. Now it's a strip of fabric, narrow on one end, wide on the other, with a plastic piece that goes on it somewhere and then you tie it. It's not tied like a regular tie though and I can't get it put together again. I stare at it as if it's a Rubix Cube (never good at those). In my defense, I'm left handed and this item was put together in a right-handed way, so I'm having to think backwards. A new tie is $5! (I think I'll treat myself) Definitely my dog when he does that.
Yeah, he pees sometimes too. But always on an area rug by the door because he was paper trained and apparently thinks he's at the Trump Towers now and we use rugs instead of paper.
My favorite is the 4am bathroom breaks followed by what he would like to be playtime. Yeah. Four as in four in the morning. I prayed that he wouldn't wake up at four today. He didn't. He woke up at 3:50am. God has a sense of humor, doesn't he?!
At times I'm exhausted and I get frustrated with him. I long for him to just behave and grow up enough that the behavior stops. But do you know, I wouldn't change it for the world? He brings so many positive things to our family that I patiently work with him to stop these habits. It's fun to see him succeed and give him a treat. Also praising him with a high pitched "Good boy!" ( because when we talk to dogs we talk high pitched baby talk for some reason) is preferable to yelping all day. Owen calms my nerves at times. He gives me love when I need it and asks nothing in return.
I actually did spend the entire year wanting a dog and I did pray for one. When the time was right, God did provide. I just need to remember that training Owen is a gift, and though God did provide a puppy for me, He never said it'd be easy, just as our lives aren't always easy. But well worth the trip!


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Art Seasons, Singapore presents Chinese artist Pan Yue's (b.1968) exhibition "Private Theatre." Inspired by Chinese artist and social commentator Ai Weiwei's words "the intention to separate art from politics is itself a very political intention," Yue says "politics is everywhere, sex is everywhere, and art is also everywhere. If arts existence is reasonable, then its non-existence is also unreasonable." Yue manipulates icons such as Mao with the industrial revolution in a pop-art context. His work is an expression of the confusion of cultural identity that is typically seen in modern China. He is often known to have an expressive, erotic style of art that makes him distinct among Chinese artists today.
More information: Art Seasons website


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Accessorize Intense Lipgloss
Recently I have started to get into lip glosses. I remember the first lipgloss I tried, now I have to admit it wasn't very adventurous in colour (as a lipgloss newbie 😉 ). On top of that it felt so sticky and heavy on my lips I decided there and then I wouldn't bother myself with lipglosses, until a few weeks ago. While shopping in Superdrug I stumbled across the Accessorize makeup range, so as a HUGE makeup lover I swatched a few colours and was instantly impressed by the colour pigmentation; not to mention price.
I have swatches and pictures on my video, Accessorize Intense Lipgloss.
The lipgloesses retail at £3.95, currently Superdrug have discounts on the whole Accessorize range with the Intense Lipglosses retail at £2.95 each.
- Applies very smoothly, and is extremely moisturing.
- You get a good 3 hours wear if you're not eating or drinking.
- Pigmented colour which are extremely glossy.
- Have some beautiful coral shades, great for all skin tones or those new to coral lip.
- Does have a faint floral scent, which doesn't bother me but I know can be a deal breaker for some.
Overall I would have to class this lipgloss in my top 3 lipgloss list, and definitely recommend giving the Accessorize lipglosss a try, especially now they are currently on offer at Superdrug.


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One of my favorite parts of a holiday is the food. I don't trust people who don't plan their vacations around eating!
The Sands Resort and Spa offered amazing dinners and admittedly, they made it very easy for us to never venture outside of their property. This was especially true when the kids went to their evening club and we had a few hours to have a leisurely, adult-only dinner.
Despite trying to keep us at The Sands, we did break free to have a few meals in the nearby town. One of our big finds of the trip was the Maharajah Indian Restaurant. It doesn't look like much from the outside, there was even a decaying seagull on the sidewalk in front of the entrance, but the back of the dining room is filled with floor to ceiling windows that allow a panoramic view of the ocean. It's stunning, especially at sunset.
The dining room is decked out in purple and covered with signs giving little sarcastic nuggets of wisdom. The food was great. This is where Felix learned that he liked curry and he made his "Indian Burritos" by taking naan and filling it with rice and covering it in tikka sauce. The kid loved them, gobbling up several.
If Maharajah was a find, then Kimz was a huge miss.
My aversion to cutesy spellings should have warned me away from Kimz. I also should have be wary of this 50's style "American Diner." Unfortunately, we didn't just have one meal here, we came back for seconds.
Truthfully, the breakfast was okay. A little pricy for us considering the exchange rate, but the food quality was good. We kept it simple with eggs and toast, hard to mess that up. Here is a look at the breakfast menu.
We ended up back at Kimz a few nights later, because the Maharajah was not open for dinner yet and we were too hungry to wait. This is when I got the bright idea that Kimz just might make decent chicken fajitas. I think I was feeling homesick and missing good Mexican food. They were like no fajitas that I'd ever eaten before...they looked like fajitas, but they were slathered in a tangy BBQ sauce that made them sickening to eat. We also tried the milkshakes, which were heavily advertised all around the restaurant. They were milkshakes with the consistency of milk, just like drinking chocolate milk. Such a let down.
Looking at the picture of the plate with the fries...I have no idea what it was Dan ordered, but it doesn't look too appetizing!
A treasure that we found on the beach, was a little ice cream stand called Roo's Beach. The ice cream was yummy and given in giant scoops that were served in freshly made waffle cones. However, it wasn't the ice cream that I loved so much about Roo's Beach, it was the mercow-moomaid drawings! There is a general mermaid theme going on in that area of the beach and the ice cream stand is located directly across from The Mermaid Pub. It's a good tie-in.
I'll end with a few pretty pictures of the beach. They have nothing to do with eating, but who doesn't like the beach?


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There will be an inordinate amount of time devoted to working for free for as many people as you can find, in the hopes couple regarding the poses for clicking appropriate ones. As you would know, there are many types of photographers who are specialists in their professional models, it can encompass any kind of a person. Street Photography: This is all about capturing candid images with particular themes if agreeable with the client. However, with the advent of new technology in this field, many innovative options are being completely about close-up images of a specific subject. Those who are in this business on a full-time basis have to background rollers are mounted on the ceiling and a rail system helps to adjust the positioning of lights. And for the sake of this article, let's talk to capture some of the most amazing shots of animals against a natural backdrop.
There are vast online photography communities that can help you with this process, as well compositions are stylized with experimentation in terms of light and backdrops. Here, the face is not always the focal point, and the person, with an emphasis on the face and expression of a person. There will be an inordinate amount of time devoted to working for free for as many people as you can find, in the hopes images onto one negative and thus revolutionized the world of portrait photography. Lights: The lighting can be finalized based on the camera that you of public places or even people in their natural element. It is very difficult to capture a clear image of any incident photography, black and white photography would have been passé. Studio photography is very different from outdoor photography, since a photographer respective areas such as wedding, aerial, http://normand4617qq.tubablogs.com/fashion-photographers-today-create-the-particular-look-either-in-natural-environment-or-one-that-is-created-in-the-studio fashion, wildlife, advertising, sports, editorial photography, and many others.


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Thursday, 20 February 2014
Roll Top x Pork Pie Hat
This post is purely to show off my lovely new hat... which I am struggling to find the accurate name of, so I've called it a roll top, pork pie hat combo! I bought this beauty for around £8 from H&M and would never stop wearing it if it weren't for the torrential rain almost everyday! (Raincoat has been my staple...) Anyway, here are a few pics of my hat styled with an outfit I wore to college (if I look a bit 'puffy' is due to wearing lots of layers under my shirt!)
Posted by Charlotte Jones at 21:36
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My second complete goblet, turned from green eucalyptus. I'll finish sand after the wood has completely dried. The captured ring needs some touch-up, too (that was a first).
Tonight – after a very intense week at work – I decided to unwind at the lathe (no pun intended). I'd turned my first goblet just a few weeks ago, and recently had come across some discarded eucalyptus by the side of the road (remnants of a tree taken down). I cut a blank out of a log, checked the ends for any obvious checking, and crossed my fingers.
There is something to be said for repetition. I've noticed when I work on an activity only sporadically (say, a rarely used statistical model at work), I have to spend some time reacquainting myself with the nuances. More common activities are almost automatic at points. I'm glad I tried another goblet again – I remembered more quickly how to avoid nasty catches while hollowing, and was a little more confident tackling the bottom of the hollowed form. I had fewer scary catches (although I thought one was going to take out the stem), and stretched myself to try a captive ring. It was a little hit-or-miss, and definitely needs some clean-up off the lathe, but it felt like a personal success.
I wasn't sure whether to try to completely sand the green wood or to turn it smooth and let it dry out. I sanded the top half of the goblet and left the rest alone – I guess I'll find out in a month or so after the wood has had time to dry. If I'm really lucky I'll get some distortion in the shape (I love some "drunken goblets" I've seen turned from fresh green wood).
It certainly feels good to have had a beginning, middle, and end to a project this evening.


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Ashley Greene
Comments (5)
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IOI Resort City,
62502 Sepang Utara.
Tel: 03-8949 8888 ext 1366 /1333
Tarragon baked pacific rock oysters on haricot beans and asparagus spears
Angus beef tenderloin with foie gras on fig morel glaze
No meal is complete without dessert so indulge in Caramelised Web of Truffle Mascarpone with Cinnamon infused berries and Passion-fruit coulis, Macchiato Macadamia and Pistachio Jewels.
Rating: 7 /10
Thanks to Eating Out


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Nita Ambani is the first Indian woman to have been nominated to the Olympic Committee. Ambani is the Founder and Chairperson of the Reliance Foundation.
Although it appears to be only a formality, Ambani will need to be voted in at the next International Olympic Committee election. The 129th IOC session will be taking place from the 2nd – 4th August this year. The session will take place in Rio de Janeiro. After she has been elected, she will remain on the IOC committee until she reaches the age of 70.
"It is truly an honour and privilege to be nominated by IOC," said Ambani. "I believe in the power of sport to shape our youth, to bring together communities and bridge gaps between cultures and generations. I am grateful to IOC for this opportunity, it's a recognition of India and Indian women. I am looking forward to the opportunity to contribute in meeting the goals of IOC."
There are some that feel Ambani has not received the nomination on her own merit, rather that she was nominated because she is the wife of a rich businessman. The Indian Olympic Association officials do not share this view, and are pleased with the nomination.
Rajeev Mehta, the Secretary General of the Indian Olympic Association, supports the nomination. He commented: "We are extremely happy at the nomination of Nita Ambani. It will raise the status of India in the eyes of sporting world, as a proud nation in the Olympic movement. It will also raise the profile and awareness of Olympic movement and Olympic sports within the country. We welcome the move by the IOC."
Ambani will be the third Indian individual to be elected to the IOC. Raja Randhir Singh is currently an honorary member of the IOC, and the late Sir Dorabji Tata had been a member of the IOC. As noted above, Ambani will be the first Indian woman to hold this position.


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Yes, you are reading the title correctly! Sony have just released version 1.10 of the PS3's firmware for any Japanese gamers who already have a PS3 through the use of the official Japanese PS3 site. As Japanese gamers queue up to receive their brand new PS3 consoles the big guys back at Sony have been refining the install method of the PS3's firmware update. With PS3 firmware v1.10 being released, gamers are half way between being able to interface their PSP's with a PS3 console. According to Sony's PS3 Japan site, this firmware update will provide "various functional additions and strengthening of security." Judging from the first bullet point in the overall system changes section, it looks like the Playstation Network couldn't be accessed in v1.00...my bad. Here's an translation from Sony's site detailing what version 1.10 features:
I think thePS3 will be just fine; content wise. There are enough game developers making games for it. Homebrew ofcourse if always welcome, but wouldn't be better if Sony would allow homebrew for the PSP instead? Sony is releasing a patch every month to stop PSP owners from running homebrew applications. I hope this is true, but knowing Sony's history against homebrew applications on their systems. Lets hope is not a controlled environment where they control what runs.
"There's currently a heavy discussion on this going on in our forums, with many famous names from the PSP homebrew scene working on taking a peek inside the PS3 firmware update. "
PS3 does not "support" homebrew. An update to the site says it may allow for the support of "non sony SYSTEM software", which most suspect to mean Linux installation, which we already knew.
Here's the issue with Linux as I see it. Sony is going to have a MESS on its hands with 3rd party publishers, especially those with back-catalogs. 360 adds upgrades to old games over live, so I'll skip that, but the Wii releases games "as they were." How quickly do you think there will be a lawsuit/revolt when publishers realize kids are installing linux and running illegal copies of games on emulators on their PS3. I'm sure many on this site will think that is "awesome", but the rights holders certainly won't. Add the customability of Linux, and it'll take what, a week before we see one that copies the PS3 look and feel and adds included emulator support?
I submitted this story first!!!!! WTF????
MS fans die with ENVY!


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I am so proud to be Canadian for a number of reasons, I truly wouldn't want to live in any other country! They're great to visit, but I'm always happy to head home to a nice Tim Horton's steeped tea. I'm even prouder when our country is put on display and I read articles like this. What an awesome tribute to such a great place!
Are you an Olympic lover?? Are you especially proud of your country??
|I mean, I still think they deserved gold....it might take me a while to get over that one.
Sorry for the short post...I have some Olympics to watch! GO CANADA GO!


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Poly mailer - 24" x 24"
Poly mailer - 24" x 24"
Box of 225 Heavy weight 2.5 mil, double adhesive strip to facilitate easy returns. Material includes plant based bioplastic resin, biodegrades if littered.
High quality, high performance.
Strong and tough, with excellent seal-ability and shelf life.
Available with a double adhesive strip to facilitate customer convenience for returns.
Made using bioplastics, putting less petroleum in our landiflls.
Contains GMO-free, renewable, plant-based material.
Lowers carbon footprint verified by independent Life Cycle Assessment
Courier Bags are accepted as a cost effective alternative to fossil fuel derived PE conventional Courier Bags
Opportunity for product differentiation, a unique competitive difference
Opportunity to increase companies environmental sustainability profile
Available with custom two-color stickers to identify your company.
Recyclable in the conventional plastic recycling streams.
No change to current recycling practices. Independently verified.
This product has an excellent shelf life; but should it be accidentally littered they will quickly degrade and biodegrade into CO2, H20 and biomass. Meets ASTMD 5964


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Blog posts March 2017
Discover Ways To Sustain A Perfect Workout Regimen And Other Physical Fitness Guidance
The world of fitness is very vast and exciting. There are so many ways that one can enter and use their knowledge to help themselves live healthier or look more attractive. It depends completely on the individual. That said, no matter what your fitness level is, here are some tips to help you along.
Enhance Your Nutrition Today With These Reliable Tips
Ones body is a machine and a person needs to think of it as such. Like any machine it needs the proper fuel or nutrition to run as best as it can. By learning what you should use to fuel your body by carefully reading this article can allow your body to work its best.
To avoid eating too much food at…
To avoid eating too much food at…
The Best And Brightest Nutrition Tips And Tricks
Many people say that practicing a healthy nutritious diet is a hard thing to do, this is only true if you aren't educated on how to practice a healthy diet. Tips like the ones in this article, serve as a way of educating you on ways you can practice healthy nutritious ways of life.
Try to avoid fad d…
Try to avoid fad d…
Terrific Fitness Tips To Help You Reach Your Prospective!
To get the most out of your fitness routine and diet, you need to have the proper information in order to make the best decisions you can for yourself. Here are a bunch of ideas on how you can get into the best shape of your life and stay that way.
To get the most benefit out of your strength trainin…
To get the most benefit out of your strength trainin…
Secrets To Effective Skin Care Retail Service Promotion Revealed
If you understand when to be extra cautious and when to take a risk, you can make a great deal of money as a business owner. You need to be sure to do a good amount of research prior to you make a dedication to beginning a new beauty items retail business. While there's some degree of threat associa…
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Audi Q7 E-Tron Hybrid Unveiled at Geneva
The Geneva Show was the host of another concept unveiling, the Audi Q7 E-tron Quattro. This will be Audis second plug-in hybrid offering a diesel in Europe and a petrol variant for US and China. This first of Audis plug-in hybrids was the petrol only A3 Compact.
The Q7 diesel hybrid will use a 3.0 lt, six-cylinder engine mated to an electric motor. It can only be driven for 35 miles on battery power alone. Audi says the model emits just 46 grams of CO2 per km. It has combined power of 373hp as well as an eight-speed automatic transmission.
For the American and Chinese market the diesel engine will be replaced by a 2.0 lt turbocharged petrol engine, Audi development boss Ulrich Hackenberg said. "We have a modular system that allows us to react to the different needs of the world." The Q7 plug-in hybrid has active engine mounts that work to help cancel out the vibration from the diesel engine, as well as a thermal heat pump that transfers waste heat from the electric drivetrain to warm the cabin.
The car will be able to use its satellite navigation system to find the most-efficient balance between diesel and electric power by analysing the route ahead. When approaching traffic signs indicating lower speed limits or traffic lights, the drivetrain is given a visual signal as well as a pulse through the accelerator to remind them to slow down, a feature Audi calls a Predictive Efficiency Assistant.
The Q7 diesel Hybrid is due to go on sale in the spring of 2016.