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Knockout maternal adiponectin increases fetal growth in mice: potential role for trophoblast IGFBP-1
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The main objective of this study was to investigate whether maternal adiponectin regulates fetal growth through the endocrine system in the fetal compartment.
Adiponectin knockout (Adipoq −/− ) mice and in vivo adenovirus-mediated reconstitution were used to study the regulatory effect of maternal adiponectin on fetal growth. Primary human trophoblast cells were treated with adiponectin and a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist or antagonist to study the underlying mechanism through which adiponectin regulates fetal growth.
The body weight of fetuses from Adipoq −/− dams was significantly greater than that of wild-type dams at both embryonic day (E)14.5 and E18.5. Adenoviral vector-mediated maternal adiponectin reconstitution attenuated the increased fetal body weight induced by maternal adiponectin deficiency. Significantly increased blood glucose, triacylglycerol and NEFA levels were observed in Adipoq −/− dams, suggesting that nutrient supply contributes to maternal adiponectin-regulated fetal growth. Although fetal blood IGF-1 concentrations were comparable in fetuses from Adipoq −/− and wild-type dams, remarkably low levels of IGF-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) were observed in the serum of fetuses from Adipoq −/− dams. IGFBP-1 was identified in the trophoblast cells of human and mouse placentas. Maternal fasting robustly increased IGFBP-1 levels in mouse placentas, while reducing fetal weight. Significantly low IGFBP-1 levels were found in placentas of Adipoq −/− dams. Adiponectin treatment increased IGFBP-1 levels in primary cultured human trophoblast cells, while the PPARα antagonist, MK886, abolished this stimulatory effect.
These results indicate that, in addition to nutrient supply, maternal adiponectin inhibits fetal growth by increasing IGFBP-1 expression in trophoblast cells.
KeywordsAdiponectin Fetus Growth IGF-binding protein Placenta
- Ad-gfp
Adenoviral vector encoding green fluorescent protein
- Ad-Adipoq
Adenoviral vector encoding adiponectin
Embryonic day
- Fakd
Fetuses from Adipoq −/− dams
- Fwtd
Fetuses from wild-type dams
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Green fluorescent protein
IGF-binding protein 1
- PPARα
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
- qPCR
Quantitative real-time PCR
Room temperature
Obesity is an important risk factor of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Despite efforts to fight obesity in the last decade, the prevalence of adult obesity in the USA is still increasing [1]. Results from recent epidemiological studies have indicated that the origins of obesity can be traced to intrauterine fetal development and growth [2]. A new paradigm for the gestational origins of obesity is based on the strong association of a high prevalence of obesity and metabolic defects in later life with high or low birthweight [3, 4, 5]. Birthweight is a key marker of fetal growth and is routinely measured. Therefore, elucidating how fetal growth is controlled by the intrauterine metabolic environment will provide mechanistic insight into the gestational origins of obesity.
Nutrient supply is essential for fetal growth. However, the importance of the hormonal system in regulating fetal growth is also well documented [2, 4, 6]. Studies have demonstrated that the fetal IGF system plays a central role in regulating fetal growth [7, 8]. Severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation were observed in individuals with an IGF1 mutation and in Igf1 or Igf2 knockout mice [8, 9, 10, 11, 12]. Unlike in adults, IGF expression in the fetal compartment is not controlled by growth hormone [7]. IGF-1 is expressed in several fetal tissues, where it stimulates cell growth through endocrine and paracrine effects. IGF-2 is mainly expressed in trophoblast cells, where it enhances fetal growth by promoting placental growth and nutrient transport via autocrine and/or paracrine pathways [8]. Therefore, IGF-1 is the main circulating hormone affecting fetal growth. A family of six IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) serves as carriers of IGF-1 in the circulation. Due to their high affinity for IGF, IGFBPs also control the activity of IGFs by modulating their bioavailability. During pregnancy, IGFBP-1 is the predominant binding protein for IGFs in the fetal circulation [13, 14, 15]. Fetal blood IGFBP-1 levels inversely correlate with birthweight [14, 16]. Maternal overexpression of Igfbp1 inhibits mouse and rat fetal growth [13, 17, 18, 19]. Interestingly, although IGFs play an important role in intrauterine growth restriction and development of obesity in later life induced by maternal nutrient deficiency [7, 20], it is unknown whether the IGF system is involved in altered fetal growth resulting from maternal obesity.
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone that plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism [21]. Some human studies have found that maternal blood adiponectin levels are inversely correlated with offspring birthweight [22, 23]. In line with these correlative studies, the Jansson and Powell group showed that infusing full-length recombinant adiponectin to increase maternal adiponectin inhibits fetal growth in mice [24]. However, endogenous adiponectin forms multimers and maternal adiponectin is significantly reduced during late normal gestation [23, 25]. Furthermore, the correlation between maternal adiponectin level and birthweight was not identified in studies of pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes [26, 27]. Therefore, it is necessary to use other experimental systems to verify the regulatory effect of maternal adiponectin on fetal growth. In addition, it is not clear whether maternal adiponectin regulates fetal growth through the endocrine system in the fetal compartment.
Glucose oxidase/Peroxidase (PGO), WY14643, DNase I, collagenase, Percoll and Fao hepatoma cells were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fao cells were derived from a rat hepatoma and no contamination was present. MK886 was obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Rabbit anti-p-IGF-1Rβ and rabbit anti-IGF-1Rβ antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). Rabbit anti-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and HRP-linked secondary antibodies were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Goat anti-IGFBP-1 and the mouse anti-IGF-1 (total) Luminex kit were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). The mouse diabetes multiplex assay kit was obtained from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). NEFA and triacylglycerol (TG) assay kits ware purchased from Wako Diagnostics (Richmond, VA, USA). FBS, NuPAGE gels, SuperScript III reverse transcriptase, Trizol, trypsin and the oligo(dT)12–18 primer were obtained from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Rabbit serum and diaminobenzidine were obtained from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA, USA). All antibodies were validated by their manufacturers.
Experimental animals
Blood glucose levels were determined using the glucose oxidase/peroxidase method with a standard curve, following manufacturer's instruction. Blood TG and NEFA concentrations were measured using kits from Wako, following manufacturer's instructions. Blood IGF-1 and insulin levels were determined using Luminex assay kits, as per manufacturers' instruction. Mouse body composition was measured by Echo-MRI (Houston, TX, USA). Fetal blood insulin was measured using a mouse diabetes multiplex assay kit.
Human primary trophoblast cell culture
Healthy term human placentas were obtained from the University of California San Diego (UCSD) Perinatal Biobank for use in a UCSD Institutional Review Board approved protocol. All patients gave informed consent for the collection and use of placental tissue. Villous tissue was used for isolating trophoblast cells using a three-enzyme digestion and a Percoll gradient approach, as previously described [30]. Briefly, chorionic villi were minced, washed in PBS, and subjected to three sequential digestions: Digestion I: 300 U/ml DNase I, 150 U/ml collagenase and 50 U/ml hyaluronidase (Stemcell Technologies, Vancouver, BC, Canada); Digestions II and III: 0.25% trypsin (wt/vol.) and 300 U/ml DNase I. The pelleted cells from the second and third digests were pooled and resuspended in HBSS, and separated on a Percoll gradient. Purified primary trophoblast cells were seeded on 6-well culture plates overnight in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium containing 10% (vol./vol.) FBS. After culture for 24 h, cells were treated with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist WY14643 or the PPARα antagonist MK886, for 12 h. For adiponectin treatment, a Fao hepatoma cell and primary trophoblast co-culture system was used [31]. Fao cells were transduced with adenoviral vectors in insert wells for 12 h to induce Adipoq expression and adiponectin secretion. After co-culture, protein and mRNA were extracted from the primary trophoblast cells.
Plasmid constructs and generation of adenovirus vectors
Adenoviruses encoding mouse adiponectin or GFP were constructed using the pAd/CMV/V5-Dest vector (Invitrogen). Construction and purification of the viral vectors were carried out as previously described [32].
Human and mouse placenta biopsy samples were fixed in 10% (vol./vol.) neutral-buffered formalin, processed and paraffin embedded. After washing, samples were heated in 0.1 mol, pH 6.0 citrate buffer for 15 min at 95°C to induce antigen retrieval. They were further blocked with 2% (vol./vol.) normal rabbit serum with 1% (wt/vol.) BSA in PBS for 2 h in a humid chamber at room temperature (RT). Sections were incubated with 10 μg/ml anti-IGFBP-1 primary antibody or rabbit serum (negative control) overnight at 4°C. After washing, samples were overlaid with 1 μg/ml biotinylated rabbit anti-goat antibody (KPL, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) for 2 h at RT and then treated with an immunoperoxidase system for 1 h at RT. Sections were visualised by incubation with 3,3′-diaminobenzidine at RT for 1.5 min and counterstained with haematoxylin (Richard-Allan Scientific, Kalamazoo, MI, USA).
Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR
Protein samples were extracted from placentas, livers or cultured cells and were separated by SDS-PAGE (using NuPAGE gels). After blotting, proteins were detected with anti-IGFBP1, anti-IGF-1Rβ, anti-p-IGF-1Rβ and anti-GAPDH antibodies (most at 1:1000 dilution; see figure legends). Protein bands were quantified using Quantity One software (Bio-Rad).
Total RNA was prepared from tissues or cells using Trizol, and cDNA was synthesised using SuperScript III reverse transcriptase and oligo(dT)12–18 primer. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed using an Mx3000p Real-Time PCR system (Stratagene, San Diego, CA, USA) with specific primers for Igf-2, Igf-2R and Igfbp1 (see electronic supplementary material [ESM] Table 1). Gene expression was normalised to 18S rRNA levels.
Statistical analysis
Data are expressed as means ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t tests or ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post hoc testing using GraphPad Prism 6 (La Jolla, CA, USA). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Maternal adiponectin inhibits fetal growth
Adiponectin cannot pass through the placental barrier [33]. We mated WT dams with Adipoq −/− sires or Adipoq −/− dams with WT sires (Fig. 1a). All fetuses were therefore Adipoq −/+ . Pregravid body weights were similar in Adipoq −/− and WT dams (Fig. 1b). During pregnancy, all dams gained a similar amount of weight (Fig. 1c) and had comparable body fat at E18.5 (Fig. 1d). Litter sizes were similar in Adipoq −/− and WT dams (Fig. 1e). Body weight was significantly higher in fetuses from Adipoq −/− dams (Fakd) than in fetuses from WT dams (Fwtd) at both E14.5 (data not shown) and E18.5 (Fig. 1f). We used adenoviral vector-mediated in vivo gene transduction to reconstitute maternal adiponectin in Adipoq −/− dams [34]. Similar to in non-pregnant mice [34], adiponectin protein levels at 3 days after Ad-Adipoq viral vector injection were significantly increased in dam's blood (data not shown). Our results showed that the body weight was significantly lower in fetuses from adiponectin-reconstituted dams compared with the fetuses from Ad-gfp-treated Adipoq −/− dams (Fig. 1g). Together, these data demonstrate that maternal adiponectin inhibits fetal growth.
Nutrient supply is essential for fetal growth
Interestingly, blood glucose, NEFA and TG concentrations in Adipoq −/− dams were significantly higher than in WT dams (Fig. 1h–j). Our results also showed that fetal blood glucose (Fig. 1k), but not TG and NEFA (data not shown), was significantly increased in fetuses of Adipoq −/− dams. In contrast, adiponectin reconstitution robustly decreased maternal blood glucose, TG and NEFA concentrations and fetal blood glucose levels (ESM Fig. 1). These data indicate that adiponectin plays an important role in maintaining maternal energy homeostasis. Since maternal metabolism directly affects fetal nutrient supply, these results also lead us to postulate that reducing the fetal nutrient supply might be one of the underlying mechanisms through which maternal adiponectin inhibits fetal growth. In line with this hypothesis, the fetal/placental weight ratio, which represents placental nutrient transport efficiency, was significantly increased in Fakd (Fig. 1l). A separate project is underway to investigate how adiponectin regulates maternal metabolism and the role of placental nutrient supply in fetal growth regulation by maternal adiponectin.
Adiponectin increases fetal blood IGFBP-1 protein levels
IGF-1 bioactivity is also tightly controlled by IGFBP-1 in fetuses [13, 14, 15]. A remarkable decrease in IGFBP-1 protein levels was found in the serum of Fakd (Fig. 2e). Maternal adiponectin reconstitution significantly increased fetal blood IGFBP-1 protein levels (Fig. 2f). Since fetal blood IGFBP-1 levels inversely correlate with birthweight [14, 16] and transgenic overexpression of IGFBP-1 inhibits mouse and rat fetal growth [13, 17, 18, 19], we propose that IGFBP-1 mediates adiponectin-induced inhibition of fetal growth. Consistent with this notion, we observed a significant increase in IGF-1 receptor β phosphorylation in fetal livers from Fakd (Fig. 2g), suggesting increased IGF-1 bioavailability and activity in fetuses of Adipoq −/− dams.
Adiponectin increases IGFBP-1 expression in mouse placentas
IGFBP-1 is also expressed in human decidual cells and the mouse endoderm yolk sac [37]. In the present study, immunohistochemical analysis detected IGFBP-1-positive syncytiotrophoblast cells in both mouse labyrinthine and human chorionic villi (Fig.3b–e). Furthermore, overnight maternal fasting robustly increased fetal blood IGFBP-1 protein levels and placental IGFBP-1 expression (Fig. 3f,g). Surprisingly, fetal liver IGFBP-1 protein (Fig. 3h) and mRNA levels (ESM Fig. 2b) were significantly reduced after maternal fasting. Most importantly, in contrast to the increased placental and blood IGFBP-1 protein levels, fetal body weight was remarkably reduced after maternal overnight fasting (Fig. 3i). Together, these results suggest that the placenta is an important source of fetal blood IGFBP-1. As shown in Fig. 3j,k, IGFBP-1 protein and mRNA levels were significantly decreased in placentas from Adipoq −/− dams. In contrast, maternal adiponectin reconstitution significantly increased IGFBP-1 protein levels in placentas (Fig. 3l). These results indicate that adiponectin increases IGFBP-1 gene expression in mouse placentas.
Adiponectin increases IGFBP-1 gene expression through PPARα
Using the co-culture system and primary human trophoblast cells, we demonstrated that IGFBP-1 protein levels were robustly increased in adiponectin-treated cells (Fig. 4b), which supports our in vivo findings that maternal adiponectin increased IGFBP-1 expression in the placenta. Most importantly, this stimulatory effect was abolished by MK886 treatment (Fig. 4b). Therefore, these studies demonstrate that adiponectin increases IGFBP-1 gene expression in trophoblast cells via PPARα.
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that has been suggested to mediate maternal obesity-altered fetal growth [23, 44]. Recent studies, including our work, demonstrated that adiponectin is not expressed in the placenta and cannot pass through the placental barrier [23, 33]. Furthermore, our animal study also revealed that adiponectin is not present within the fetal compartment in early life [33]. Although it is still unclear when and where adiponectin expression is initiated in the human fetus, a significant increase in fetal blood adiponectin levels occurs in the last trimester [27, 45]. In contrast, maternal adiponectin expression is significantly decreased in late pregnancy [25]. Therefore, at delivery, the neonatal blood adiponectin level is four- to sevenfold higher than the level in the mothers' blood [45]. The opposing changes in adiponectin expression in maternal and fetal tissues during late pregnancy may explain why birthweights are inversely correlated with maternal blood adiponectin concentrations but positively associated with cord blood adiponectin concentrations [22, 23, 27, 45]. These correlations also suggest that maternal and fetal adiponectin may regulate fetal growth via different mechanisms. Therefore, we designed the present study to address whether and, if so, how maternal regulation of fetal growth occurs. By crossing Adipoq −/− and WT mice, we created adiponectin-deficient and WT dams in which all fetuses were genetically identical. This system allowed us to exclude the possible effects of fetal adiponectin. We found that body weight was significantly higher in Fakd than in Fwtd at both E14.5 and E18.5. Furthermore, maternal adiponectin reconstitution reversed the change in fetal weight to within the normal range. Therefore, these results demonstrate that maternal adiponectin suppresses fetal growth, consistent with the results of maternal adiponectin infusion [24]. The effects of fetal adiponectin on fetal growth are beyond the scope of the current study. Although our previous study revealed that fetal adiponectin increases hepatic de novo lipogenesis [33], which might provide substrates for the rapid expansion of fetal tissue at late gestation, studies designed to specifically verify the regulatory effects of fetal adiponectin on fetal growth are required.
Nutrient supply is essential for fetal growth. Previous studies showed that maternal adiponectin inhibits the expression and activity of several key amino acid transporters in trophoblast cells by suppressing insulin–mTOR signalling [24, 43]. The present study does not provide evidence that adiponectin affects placental amino acid transport. However, our results showed that adiponectin deficiency robustly increased maternal and fetal blood glucose concentrations and the fetal/placental weight ratio, supporting the idea that inhibiting placental nutrient transport might be one of the mechanisms through which maternal adiponectin suppresses fetal growth. The finding that maternal blood glucose, TG and NEFA levels in Adipoq −/− dams is significantly altered also indicates that maternal adiponectin plays a very important role in maintaining maternal metabolism homeostasis. We propose that maternal adiponectin limits fetal nutrient supply by reducing placental nutrient transport and nutrient availability at the placenta. This hypothesis is being tested in a separate study.
Fetal growth is rigorously regulated by fetal hormones, in addition to nutrient supply [7, 35]. The IGF system plays a central role in regulating fetal growth [9, 10, 11, 12]. In addition to regulation via changes in protein levels, IGF activity is controlled by bioavailability via the high affinity binding of IGFBPs [7]. Although IGFBP-3 is the most abundant binding protein in human blood, the regulatory effects of IGFBP-3 on fetal growth are still uncertain [46, 47, 48]. In contrast to IGFBP-1, human studies have reported that cord blood IGFBP-3 concentrations do not inversely correlate, and may even positively correlate, with birthweight [46, 47, 48, 49]. IGFBP-1 is the dominant IGF-binding protein in rodent fetal blood [13, 14, 15]. IGFBP-1 inhibits fetal growth by reducing IGF-1 bioavailability and activity [9, 12]. The results of our study indicate that maternal adiponectin increases fetal blood IGFBP-1 levels. Interestingly, although Fakd exhibited a higher growth rate, the blood total IGF-1 concentrations were similar in both Fakd and Fwtd (Fig. 2a). These results suggest that maternal adiponectin reduces IGF-1 bioavailability in the fetus. Increased IGF-1 receptor phosphorylation in Fakd livers supports this notion. Therefore, we propose that maternal adiponectin suppresses fetal growth by increasing IGFBP-1, thereby reducing IGF-1 bioavailability in fetal blood.
Another important finding of this study is the regulatory effect of maternal adiponectin on IGFBP-1 levels in trophoblast cells. To identify which fetal tissue mediates adiponectin-increased blood IGFBP-1 protein, we compared levels of IGFBP-1 in the livers of Fakd and Fwtd, because the liver is considered the main source of fetal blood IGFBP-1 [36]. However, no notable alteration of IGFBP-1 protein and mRNA levels was detected in fetal livers from an Adipoq −/− dam (Fig. 3a and ESM Fig. 2a) or after maternal adiponectin reconstitution (data not shown). These results indicate that the fetal liver is not responsible for the adiponectin-dependent increase in IGFBP-1 levels in fetal blood. These data also indicate that one or more other tissues secrete IGFBP-1 into fetal blood. We found that IGFBP-1 is expressed in trophoblast cells in both human and mouse placentas. Overnight fasting dramatically increased IGFBP-1 expression in placentas, accompanied by a fourfold increase in fetal blood IGFBP-1 protein levels and a significant reduction in fetal body weight, indicating that the placenta is another source of fetal blood IGFBP-1. We also found a significant difference in IGFBP-1 expression in placentas from Adipoq −/− and WT dams. Elevated IGFBP-1 protein was detected in placentas of maternal adiponectin-reconstituted dams and adiponectin-treated primary human trophoblast cells. In addition, a PPARα-specific antagonist abolished adiponectin-induced IGFBP-1 expression in primary trophoblast cells. Adiponectin is known to increase PPARα-dependent transcriptional activity in various cells, including trophoblasts [42]. Together, our results demonstrate that adiponectin enhances IGFBP-1 expression in trophoblast cells via PPARα. Since trophoblast cells are the main component of the interface between the maternal and fetal compartments, our finding provides a new mechanism for fetal growth regulation by maternal hormones. The placenta is an endocrine organ that secretes several hormones into the maternal blood and plays a key role in maintaining pregnancy. The discovery of IGFBP-1 in trophoblast cells extends the endocrine function of the placenta into the fetal system. However, the mechanisms by which trophoblast IGFBP-1 affects fetal growth remain to be elucidated. We also appreciate that there are significant differences in placental tissue structure between mice and humans. Therefore, further studies are required to verify the physiological function of this new component of the placental endocrine system in fetal growth and its origins. The questions of how much trophoblast cell-expressed IGFBP-1 can be secreted into fetal compartments, especially in humans, whether IGFBP-1 interacts with IGF-2 locally and how this interaction regulates placenta development and nutrient transport still need to be addressed.
In conclusion, our results provide further experimental evidence that maternal adiponectin suppresses fetal growth. Our study also reveals that maternal adiponectin increases IGFBP-1 protein levels in fetal blood by increasing IGFBP-1 expression in trophoblast cells. We propose that, in addition to modulating the fetal nutrient supply, maternal adiponectin inhibits fetal growth by reducing IGF-1 bioavailability in the fetal compartment.
This work was supported by the National Institute of Health grants (HD069634, DK095132) and an American Diabetes Association grant (1–16-IBS-272), which were awarded to JSh.
Duality of interest statement
The authors declare that there is no duality of interest associated with this manuscript.
Contribution statement
JSh designed the study, and WWH and MP contributed to the study design and discussion; JSc designed and created viral vectors for in vivo transduction, LQ, J-SW, SL, ZG and MMZ contributed to data acquisition and analysis and drafting the article; JSh interpreted the data; and JSh wrote the manuscript, with a significant contribution from JSc. All authors approve the final version of this paper. JSh is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Supplementary material
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- 47.Lappas M (2015) Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 and 7 concentrations are lower in obese pregnant women, women with gestational diabetes and their fetuses. J Perinatology 35:32–38Google Scholar
- 48.Klauwer D, Blum WF, Hanitsch S, Rascher W, Lee PD, Kiess W (1997) IGF-I, IGF-II, free IGF-I and IGFBP-1,-2 and-3 levels in venous cord blood: relationship to birthweight, length and gestational age in healthy newborns. Acta Paediatr 86:826–833Google Scholar
- 49.Hung TY, Lin CC, Hwang YS, Lin SJ, Chou YY, Tsai WH (2008) Relationship between umbilical cord blood insulin-like growth factors and anthropometry in term newborns. Acta paediatr Taiwan 49:19–23Google Scholar


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Friday, April 3, 2009
Henry to take to the Sky!
Thanks to Lia, Henry will be making his way to Phoenix in early May. Lia is heading out that way and is kind enough to take Henry on board with her. SUPER YAY! Finding Henry a great home with Kat and her husband in Phoenix is a little bit of a miracle. THANK YOU LIA, THANK YOU KAT!
5 more cats and 5 more miracles to go!
5 more cats and 5 more miracles to go!
Posted by Lois
1 comment:
I am so glad that Henry found his way to Phoenix - and I am glad that I was able to play a small role via my connections so Henry could have a new lease on life and a new home.
Susan - I have been meaning to email you and I just found your Cat blog here. I am glad that Lia was able to bring Henry out there - it certainly was a miracle from above!
I have been so busy taking care of my own babies - my dog Toby also had his own miracle of life this year too. For that, I am more thankful than anything I could ever have asked for in life. His recovery has been long but he is able to live a good life again thanks to all of the Vets at VCA Shoreline. I will be forever indebted to them - literally and figuratively speaking!!
Namaste :)
-Kathy Hart
- December 11, 2009 at 6:29 PM
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subset: commoncrawl


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Vancouver Home Team featured listings
5009 ST CATHERINES Street in Vancouver: Fraser VE House for sale (Vancouver East) : MLS®# V930513
5009 ST CATHERINES Street Vancouver V5W 3E9 : Fraser VE
Spectacular opportunity to own a 3 bedroom 20 year old beauty in popular Fraser Area. Very well maintained. This well built, well maintained 4 bdrm family home has 3.5 baths, sun deck, fenced yard, 2 car garage & lots of parking too! A huge sun deck for your summer enjoyment with just 1 minute walk to 33 bus. 1 bedroom suite downstairs to help with the mortgage. Just seconds away to Grays park & McBride Annex School. Take a summer stroll to Main St for a delightful experience. This quiet neighbourhood is a great location and is close to all amenities.
Listing information last updated on March 13, 2012 at 07:19 PM (UTC)


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Pool Table Movers Sacramento
Monday, September 18th, 2017
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As noun
a habitual practice; the usual way of acting in given circumstances
habits or usages collectively; convention
a practice so long established that it has the force of law
such practices collectively
a group pattern of habitual activity usually transmitted from one generation to another
toll; duty
(used with a singular or plural verb) duties imposed by law on imported or, less commonly, exported goods
(used with a singular verb) the government department that collects these duties
(used with a singular verb) the section of an airport, station, etc
, where baggage is checked for contraband and for goods subject to duty
regular patronage of a particular shop, restaurant, etc
the customers or patrons of a business firm, collectively
the aggregate of customers
(in medieval Europe) a customary tax, tribute, or service owed by peasants to their lord
As adjective
made specially for individual customers:custom shoes
dealing in things so made, or doing work to order:a custom tailor
As noun
metamorphosed limestone, consisting chiefly of recrystallized calcite or dolomite, capable of taking a high polish, occurring in a wide range of colors and variegations and used in sculpture and architecture
any variety of this stone:Carrara marble
an object made of or carved from this stone, especially a sculpture:Renaissance marbles
a piece of this stone:the fallen marbles of Roman ruins
(not in technical use) any of various breccias or other stones that take a high polish and show a variegated pattern
a marbled appearance or pattern; marbling:The woodwork had a greenish marble
anything resembling marble in hardness, coldness, smoothness, etc
:a brow of marble
something lacking in warmth or feeling
a little ball made of stone, baked clay, glass, porcelain, agate, or steel, especially for use in games
marbles, (used with a singular verb) a game for children in which a marble is propelled by the thumb to hit another marble so as to drive it out of a circle drawn or scratched on the ground
marbles, Slang
normal rational faculties; sanity; wits; common sense:to have all one's marbles; to lose one's marbles
As adjective
consisting or made of marble
like marble, as in hardness, coldness, smoothness, etc
lacking in warmth, compassion, or sympathy:marble heart
of variegated or mottled color
As verb (used with object), marbled, marbling
to color or stain like variegated marble
to apply a decorative pattern to (paper, the edges of a book, etc
) by transferring oil pigments floating on water
As noun
an article of furniture consisting of a flat, slablike top supported on one or more legs or other supports:a kitchen table; an operating table; a pool table
such a piece of furniture specifically used for serving food to those seated at it
the food placed on a table to be eaten:She sets a good table
a group of persons at a table, as for a meal, game, or business transaction
a gaming table
a flat or plane surface; a level area
a tableland or plateau
a concise list or guide:The table of contents in the front of the book includes chapter names and page numbers
an arrangement of words, numbers, or signs, or combinations of them, as in parallel columns, to exhibit a set of facts or relations in a definite, compact, and comprehensive form; a synopsis or scheme
(initial capital letter) Astronomy
the constellation Mensa
a flat and relatively thin piece of wood, stone, metal, or other hard substance, especially one artificially shaped for a particular purpose
a course or band, especially of masonry, having a distinctive form or position
a distinctively treated surface on a wall
a smooth, flat board or slab on which inscriptions may be put
the tablets on which certain collections of laws were anciently inscribed: the tables of the Decalogue
the laws themselves
the inner or outer hard layer or any of the flat bones of the skull
a sounding board
the upper horizontal surface of a faceted gem
a gem with such a surface
As verb (used with object), tabled, tabling
to place (a card, money, etc
) on a table
to enter in or form into a table or list
Parliamentary Procedure
Chiefly U
to lay aside (a proposal, resolution, etc
) for future discussion, usually with a view to postponing or shelving the matter indefinitely
to present (a proposal, resolution, etc
) for discussion
As adjective
of, relating to, or for use on a table:a table lamp
suitable for serving at a table or for eating or drinking:table grapes
As Idioms
on the table, Parliamentary Procedure
submitted for consideration
turn the tables, to cause a reversal of an existing situation, especially with regard to gaining the upper hand over a competitor, rival, antagonist, etc
:Fortune turned the tables and we won
We turned the tables on them and undersold them by percent
under the table, drunk
as a bribe; secretly: She gave money under the table to get the apartment
wait (on) table, to work as a waiter or waitress:He worked his way through college by waiting table
Also, wait tables
As adjective
ranked among the highest, as in ability, performance, comprehensiveness, or quality:His work is tops
That car is tops
As adverb
at a maximum; at most:It'll take an hour, tops
I'll give you $ for that, tops
As noun
the tops, top (def )
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Sandra was born 1991 in Herford
At the age of 15, she discovered for the first time the electronic beats.
At this time she made with the directions Drum & Bass, Dubstep to Hardcore experience.
She busied herself now continuously stronger with the music and its various aspects.
Her healthy curiosity and interest for electronic beats caused Sandra 2013 to make your own first experiences with the mixing.
With a lot of hard work and steady progress she was allowed in the Summer 2013 for the first time mixing at an open air in front of audiences.
Sandra decided to use the areas Techno and Hardtechno.
The possitive Resonnanz by her appearance at the Open Air and the subsequent feedback gave her additional confirmation.
In 2014 began a new close cooperation with Benni Giano.
After careful consideration and good musical collaboration both decided to start a project calls Meinklang.
Meinklang broadcasts twice a month a live radio video stream or podcasts with various artists from techno to hardtechno.
Sandra Carey
Facebook - facebook.com/DJaneSandraCarey
Soundcloud - soundcloud.com/sandra-carey
Beatport - pro.beatport.com/artist/sandra-carey/489130
Facebook - facebook.com/mk.mannheim.official
Soundcloud - soundcloud.com/meinklang-official
Livestream - original.livestream.com/meinklang


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Set Visit Preview: Sucker Punch!
You know you're excited about this one. You've seen the pictures. You've gotten the t-shirt from Comic Con. Well, I can finally tell you what I saw at the set visit for SUCKER PUNCH. Zack Snyder is directing, so you know it will be visually stunning. It stars a large group of hot girls like Emily Browning, Abby Cornish, Jamie Chung, Jena Malone, Vanessa Hudgens and Carla Gugino. But what the heck is it about?
Here's what executive producer Debra Snyder had to say.âSUCKER PUNCH is a story that deals with a girl, Baby Doll, who's played by Emily Browning. And basically she's been abused by her step-father. Her mother kind of dies in a mysterious way. And something goes really wrong and there's an incident where her sister gets accidentally killed. So her father takes her to an insane asylum. It takes place in 1967, in kind of an alternate reality of 1967. Because in 1967 was like the last lobotomy, so that's kind of how we have it.'
In this asylum, Baby Doll is scheduled for a lobotomy to keep her pretty little mouth shut. But Madam Gorski (Gugino) prefers music therapy. Baby Doll begins to imagine herself in a MOULIN ROUGE sort of world where she and her fellow patients must dance for a high rollers and face a series of challenges to escape the asylum. We got to check out one scene, where Baby Doll and her gang, dressed in WWII garb fight fantastical enemies. Emily Browning chatted with us for a few minutes between takes, saying she'd done tons of training for the role. She also joked about her skimpy costume before she ran back out into the field. As they shot the scene, giant clouds of dirt were thrown into the air. I found them in my hair for a few weeks.
One of the things all the actors stressed is how much of a team they were. They trained together, and from what they said, it was a pretty intense boot camp. They spent time together off set. They rehearsed their dances, learned their songs and sat in the audience to support each other while they shot their individual scenes. They also suffered what was referred to as a 'clean set,' which meant there was nothing but healthy snacks around. I have to say, after being on set after set, there is rarely anything to snack on but Fritos and M&M's between meals. Here, they have granola and yogurt. If anything is going to make you bond, it's lack of snacks.
And speaking of dance scenes and supporting each other, we witnessed it first hand. We got to sit in the audience while Malone, dressed in a sexy nurse outfit, rehearsed her dance number with a ton of extras. (All her fellow cast mates stayed around to watch and applauded like crazy to encourage her.) Boys, I'm telling you, see the film just for this. I could appreciate the amount of effort that went into something like a full chorus number since my first job was a singer/dancer in musical theater, but all the lovely gentlemen who visited the set with me had visible drool running down their faces. (Alright, maybe not visible drool, but trust me when I say, it was difficult to get these boys off the set.) Malone did a fantastic job and I'm looking forward to seeing the other dances.
We got to check out some of the sets where these would take place, including a brothel room that was so elaborately decorated that I considered moving in. No one would have minded, right? What was clear with every piece of concept art we saw, every set we visited, every costume and weapon we checked out and every actress we spoke to is that Zack and Debra were taking every single detail seriously. Nothing was out of place. Every teeny tiny little piece of the story from the correct button on a dress the charms hanging from each character's weapon to every piece of makeup in the dressing room was correct and story-serving. I could have spent hours wandering and asking questions. Movie sets are not always as glamourous as the final product. This one was. We happened to see a drawing on the set which gave away the ending of the film and I have to say, it didn't dampen my desire to watch this one at all. Not one iota. It's going to be a visual feast.
SUCKER PUNCH opens in theaters on March 25th, 2011.


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Do you see yourself working for a diverse company with a clear vision? Airgas Inc., an industry leader in the packaged gas business, believes our greatest asset is our people. That is why we offer 401k, Health Care benefits, Tuition Reimbursement and numerous opportunities for professional growth and development. When you join Airgas, you become a part of a team of more than 18,000 associates that recognizes and understands the value of our family like atmosphere. If you are interested in working for a financially sound, best-in-class Company, and one that cares about its employees, join our talent network today!
Airgas USA, LLC is currently seeking an energetic, self-motivated person to fulfill a Warehouse Supervisor/Backup Driver position at our branch in Fort Worth, TX. This person performs warehousing, shipping, and receiving duties and drives a truck over established route to deliver products to customers.
Receives, unpacks, examines, and documents incoming shipments.
Process and/or returns damaged goods.
Moves stock to and from shipping and receiving area to storage area.
Prepares and routes merchandise for shipment.
Perform back-up delivery driver duties as required.
Assists in providing counter sales customer service.
Releases daily invoices and completes all required hand written and computer generated documentation on a timely and accurate basis.
Complies with all company policies and procedures.
Works safely and meets the requirements of all safety procedures and rules as prescribed by State, Federal, and the Company.
Back up the VMI Technician.
Cleans inside of truck. Performs routine maintenance checks on truck.
Drives truck to deliver gasses and hard goods to customer's place of business. Issues or obtains customer signature on receipt for pickup or delivery.
Makes deliveries outside of regular route to provide customers with product. Issues or obtains customer signature on receipt for pickup or delivery. Collects empty cylinders or rejected or unsold merchandise. Loads truck.
Additional duties as assigned.
To perform this job successfully, an individual must be able to perform each essential duty satisfactorily. The requirements listed below are representative of the knowledge, skill, and/or ability required. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
EDUCATION and/or EXPERIENCE
High school diploma or general education degree (GED) and two years related product and/or sales experience and/or training; or equivalent combination of education and experience. Proficient with entering data into a computer.
Ability to read, analyze, and interpret general business periodicals, professional journals, technical procedures, or governmental regulations. Ability to effectively present information and respond to questions from associates and customers.
Ability to add, subtract, multiply, and divide in all units of measure, using whole numbers, common fractions, and decimals. Ability to compute rate, ratio, and percent's.
Ability to solve practical problems and deal with a variety of concrete variables in situations where only limited standardization exists. Ability to interpret a variety of instructions furnished in written, oral, diagram or schedule form.
Valid state CDL (Class A or B) with hazardous material and air brake endorsements.
The physical demands described here are representative of those that must be met by an associate to successfully perform the essential functions of this job. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
While performing the duties of this job, the associate is regularly required to stand, sit and talk or hear. The associate is occasionally required to walk; use hands to finger, handle, feel or use a calculator or computer; and reach with hands and arms. The associate must occasionally lift and/or move up to 60 pounds and move more than 125 pounds with the aid of material handling equipment. Specific vision abilities required by this job include close vision, distance vision and color vision.
The work environment characteristics described here are representative of those an associate encounters while performing the essential functions of this job. Reasonable accommodations may be made to enable individuals with disabilities to perform the essential functions.
While performing the duties of this job, the associate is occasionally exposed to moving office machine parts. The noise level in the work environment is usually moderate.
EOE AA M/F/Vet/Disability
Qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to their race, color, religion, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, protected veteran status, or disability
See how well your resume matches up to this job - upload your resume now.
Expired Job
Airgas Inc


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France - Lyon & The Rhone Valley (PDF Chapter)
At the crossroads of central Europe and the Atlantic, the Rhineland and the Mediterranean, grand old Lyon is France's third-largest metropolis and its gastronomic capital. Beaujolais produces illustrious wines, while the Rhône forges past the centuries-old Côtes du Rhône vineyards.
- delve into Lyon's hidden labyrinth of traboules (secret passageways) and sample Lyonnais specialities in a bouchon (bistro)
- maps
- tour the vine-ribboned hills of the peaceful Beaujolais winegrowing region
- transport
- see dramatic Gallo-Roman ruins, including a perfectly preserved Corinthian-columned temple, in Vienne
- restaurants & accommodation
Coverage includes: Best Places to Sleep, Lyon, North of Lyon, Beaujolais, La Dombes, South of Lyon, Vienne, Valence, Gorges de l'Ardèche, When to Go.
You are viewing a Country GuideWhat is a Country Guide?
Packed with detailed pre-planning information, amazing experiences, inspirational images, city walks and the best local knowledge, these are our most comprehensive country guides, designed to immerse you in a culture, discover the best sights and get off the beaten track.
- Planning features and itineraries give you the freedom to create your ideal trip
- Expert authors uncover local secrets and hidden gems to make your visit unique
- Includes comprehensive colour maps of even the smallest towns
- Detailed listings on everything from top sights and activities to eating, shopping, nightlife and accommodation
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Don't need the whole book? Choose just the chapters you want. PDF format only.
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In an era of hashtags and memes, it is somewhat more effective to create a social campaign surrounding a hashtag in order to promote your cause to the World than it is to send out brochures and e-mails, promoting your cause. Statements made through hashtags on Social media are more personable this way. People are able to connect to those with similar interest by simply clicking hashtag phrases for similar conversational results. Or, they may understand an unfamiliar phrase in a more in-depth matter. These statements are short and simple. They are able to speak their mind in few or minimal words.
In many instances, hashtags actually work as a silent protest and petition. They act to connect users in conversation surrounding issues in their communities or lifestyle. Some hashtags actually gain interest based on the support they receive by the social networks that host them. Take Twitter, for example, they use trending topics to continue social conversation in their system platform. In representing a specific cause or movement, hashtags are simply a way to take a stand, state your opinion and gain awareness while branding a cause with more information. It is a new era. It is our era!
Today, December 23, 2014, representatives of The Sabir Bey Show on LA Talk Live spoke with Examiner about their current #MoorishLivesMatter campaign that has been taking over conscious communities around the World. While not as widespread overseas as it is in the United States and Canada, there is a growing interest in this movement, as seen in Europe, Africa and even Australia by many who are aware of their Moorish heritage and decent, especially in the wake of current racial tensions in the US.
Regardless of TMZs ignorance of the Divine Moorish Nation and the misrepresentation in the media and courtrooms of the community, awakened Moorish Americans thrive in numbers, continuing the traditions, practices, ideologies and sciences of their ancestry that was once hidden from them. The problem is that many Moors, today, still do not know who or what they truly are. In fact, those who call themselves Black or Colored, are doing themselves and their families injustices by not knowing who they truly are. Thats what the #MoorishLivesMatter campaign aims to rectify in educating the masses of their direct origins and rich histories that were stolen from them through unconstitutional highjacking of the law and domestic terrorism that plagues our neighborhoods today.
Many Americans today do not realize that Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin and John Adams had to sign a treaty with the Sultan of Morocco, Muhamad III, called The Treaty of Peace and Friendship, in order to establish the United States within Americas borders in 1786 and 1787 -- The United States, being a trade partner with Morocco and publicly recognized first by the Sultan and then the rest of the World. They do not realize that George Washingtons cherry tree was a metaphor for the Moroccan flag of red and green or that The United States Constitution was actually based on Moorish Laws and Principles, as well as Islamic beliefs!
They do not realize that the Moors were the reason Europe became a civilized continent or that they created means for education, language, plumbing and just about every important part of our everyday life! Worst of all, they do not know that the Moors were here before Columbus set sail to the Americas and not all persons with melanated skin came here because of slavery! These are only basic points of interest, but they are important in realizing the dehumanization of a people and the domino effect of human rights violations on todays communities.
Many people in society say that racism does not exist. They say that slavery has been over for 200 years, but they fail to realize that segregation, hate crimes in the forms of hanging and burning of flourishing cities and the monsterization placed by the media still exist today in some form or fashion, while formally being ended less than a century ago. Lets try less than 50 years ago! They refuse to see that terrorism exists in the World by many authorities. But, what makes it worse, is that terrorists can legally get away with it. #MoorishLivesMatter, as opposed to the popular hashtag #BlackLivesMatter is more meaningful and more likely to make change than the previous. The goal is awareness. Lessons of History, Civics and Law teach knowledge that has been unrealized.
By hiding true histories of bloodlines and dumbing down society, there is a lack of knowledge of the law. And while the Supreme Court has recently ruled out the need for the police to know the law when arresting you, there is no excuse for ignorance of the law. And, it is just that that has created an ongoing cycle of war crimes from physical to mental warfare. While slavery has been over by law, it is the same law that keeps the same people who claim to be descendants of slavery chattel property.
Laws and rights of Aboriginal and Indigenous people are very separate from those who are not of the land. It is based on Common Law. They abide by the laws of the land but are not held in the jurisdiction of the Nation who is creating those laws. Because the United States formed through the immigration of European settlers, their laws are separate from those of the people who were here before them. Treaties in US law verify this and establish these boundaries. Some have worked hard, however, to find loopholes around them, including the creation of certificates to hold people as property, as well as laws that require these people to blindly accept alternative contracts in order to obtain rights given to them in exchange for their contract.
In the case of those who have the belief that they are crayons, based on the thirteenth amendment, they fail to realize that they are only counted as ⅗ of a person in law and are not entitled to anything unless given through process. Using the hashtag #MoorishLivesMatter, one will see the Dred Scott Case being referenced, whereas between the years of 1847 and 1858, Dred Scott fought for his freedom only to be denied by the Supreme Court that ruled out that his blackness meant he could never become a true citizen of the United States. This is strengthened through knowledge of legal jargon (This can be referenced in Blacks Law Dictionary 4th edition and earlier.), whereas Black references CIVILITER MORTUUS (walking dead) in law and White basically means free and legal status. If you are dead, you have no rights.
As a matter of fact, #MoorishLivesMatter will also bring up term results for an immigration law that still holds effect today. This law is the Naturalization Act of 1790 that states that Free White Persons are not necessarily Caucasian and that those of Moorish descent are also white in law. This means that there is a nation to back them in the time of turmoil on this land, whereas there is no country called Black or Africa. #MoorishLivesMatter often asks, Which country in Africa are you from, if you are African American? And, which country in America are you from? They discuss how these continents are made up of many countries. When there are two nations in dispute, the United Nations may then become a mediator. When there are not two nations, the UN cannot interfere. This is one way much injustice is done on American soil, soil previously known as North West Amexem or Al-Moroc.
#MoorishLivesMatter intends to be a trend that creates awareness and saves lives, while creating opportunities for our future generations, predicted by the Prophet Noble Drew Ali to come in with their eyes wide open, seeing and knowing the truths of the land. It was Noble Drew Ali who brought this information to the attention of many in the 1920s in hopes of uplifting fallen humanity through the five divine principles of Love, Truth, Peace, Freedom and Justice, which are also symbolized in the five points of the green star in the Moorish American flag. #MoorishLivesMatter reminds us that there is a unity to uphold and that many who consider themselves of the European race are actually of Moorish Descent, including Sicilians, Spanish, Irish and French persons. There is often a misunderstanding that Moorish people are of Muslim origin, while it is true that many were and are. Even Noble Drew Ali stressed that first man must find his religious creed to establish spirituality with his creator, but only to find Self-Knowledge, Self-Realization and Self-Revelation and that this is the route to creating the perfected man. This is how unity is understood through multiple bloodlines of Moorish Origin, as well as the several different religious practices of all in this community.
#MoorishLivesMatter shares the same topics and subject matter as its originator, The Sabir Bey Show, bringing Pure Edu-tainment to the lives of weekly viewers in over 180-countries around the Globe! While a collaborative of participants throughout the week, #MoorishLivesMatter is a hashtag that is most active on Tuesdays from 6:00-7:30PM Est on TheSabirBeyShow.com or at various places for LA Talk Live listening platforms, such as Tunein Radio, Live365 and Roku Streaming Video Players. The host of the show is Sabir Bey, a title (not a name) meaning Patient Governor or Patient Teacher (depending on who is translating it). Co-hosts include, Pilar Biggers Sanders Love El-Dey, Alberto Gaytan El, Salvador Dey, Shakim Williams and Carl Gilkey. Occasionally, the team is joined by Krysten Littles, Astrologer for The Cosmo Report.
Understanding that Black History is only a portion of Moorish History will lead you to an understanding that whether you are "So-Called Black," "Hispanic," "Middle Eastern," "Native American" or any other "race" of melanated people, you are all family and from the same Asiatic and African roots. This is what the #MoorishLivesMatter Movement teaches Tweeters, Facebookers and Surfers all over the World!
Internet Marketing comes in many formats. There are many means of marketing on the web. There isnt just one specific way. There isnt even a specific reason that things are marketed on the web. People want Brand Awareness, Viral Sharing of Content, Content Consumption, Monetary Value, List Building, Views, Likes and
even executing Educational Missions.
Today, there are simultaneous feeds of Live Events to the Internet through live video streams. Some people charge for consumption, while others do not. Webinars are surely replacing live seminars due to convenience, usually servicing business people and students. These are usually for a fee, but some are free in order to market a product or service through them. And even so, more and more people are still turning to the Net for their Entertainment, Education and Business needs. This is why many Social TV Programs and Studios have been popping up in the last few years. And, there are many reasons for this.
Niche communities are able to find programming meant specifically for them, minus censorships and the watering down of very beneficial and insightful information. They are the ones who control what topics will be covered during a live show. They are able to interact with other viewers around the World, interact with the programming or even come to into contact with the creators, themselves. Content is usually recorded once it goes live, becomes viral through Social Shares. Niche Sponsors and Advertisers will help to continue the process by paying the bills through audience member purchases. The audience member now becomes part of the Brand Story and part of the success that came about in the process.
October 1, 2013, marks the Season Premiere of The Sabir Bey Show on LA Talk Live! "The Sabir Bey Show is 'Pure EDU-TAINMENT' tackling issues within the community and on the topics of Law, History, Culture, Politics, Religion, Society, and Health by incorporating TRUE Hip Hop and Urban Music in bringing together a full circle of understanding with current culture and society conflicts. The Sabir Bey Show includes guest appearances by award-winning celebrities and respected elders of the Moorish Nation and Pan Africanism." The Sabir Bey Show has the mission of bringing Pure Edu-tainment to the lives of many by introducing truths, new concepts, currents events and History through Entertainment.
The Host of the show is Sabir Bey, known for over 15-years in the Conscious Community, for his lectures and classes on Civics, Hip Hop, Nationality, History and Etymology. He has toured with Dr. Kaba Kamene, Dr. Leonard Jeffries, Dr. Jose Pimienta-Bey, and multiple figures in the Entertainment Industry. Sabir also appeared in a 2011 film, Hidden Colors, where he speaks on many topics as related to the Moorish origins of todays population. He appears in many other documentaries and films circulating around the web and businesses throughout the country. He continues to bring education to the masses through the web, using LA Talk Lives fall lineup to do so. The Producer of the show is Actor, Mel Jackson (Soul Food); and the Program Director is Mr. Richard Karr, the owner of LA Talk Live.
Sabir has a team of individuals working with him on a daily basis to create Awareness of his mission, Lectures, Appearances and shows and to accelerate all Internet Marketing efforts. Not surprisingly, however, many of his works have gone viral on their own, as audience members share this content with those that they associate themselves with, whether friends, family, colleagues, or classmates. This information is very informative and educational, so they are passing along something very valuable and meaningful in the process.
The Sabir Bey Show is currently undergoing construction of the Official Website. But, many already access this site regularly, as it is a Social Network dedicated to the show. The site includes a U-Stream Video Player hosted by LA Talk Live and hosts a library of past episodes, including special guests, KRS-One, Tommy Davidson, Mel Jackson, Taj Tarik Bey, Dr. Kaba Kamene, Hawthorne James, Chico Benymon and more! There are photos of the show, itself, as well as Sabirs travels and experiences in the public while on tour or giving lectures. The site gives information about the show, including news, blogs and upcoming events.
What Sabir is doing at TheSabirBeyShow.com is very critical in todays World of Social TV. The show, while also accessible at LATalkLive.com, is given its own channel to help aid in Awareness, Brand Monitoring, SEO Efforts, Viral Campaigns, and Consumer Interaction in bringing important information to the lives of those who have lost their true identity in a ever-growing Commercial World. He encourages people to call into the show to prove him wrong, while reminding people that he may just be! Bring a pen, tell a friend
But, dont take my word for it
Study it yourself, and tell me if Im wrong. With a team of experts behind him, we can guarantee his Internet Marketing efforts wont be wrong. Tune into his show, Tuesdays at 3:00 PM (PST) | 6:00 PM (EST) on LATalkLive.com
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text:
The gorgeous Margo from The Climbing Tree has helped me heaps in the past few weeks, not least of all by making some clothes for the littlest cherub. I always forget to grab a photo, so here's one of them - pardon the hair, it's the end of a busy running about and playing day.
I dyed the fabric for the overdress with hood, Margo spied it whilst wandering through my massive stash lol!! and purloined it to make some goodies. I believe it's an Amelia tunic, but don't' quote me - topped with a long sleeved tshirt in dots and some funky striped and sparkly leggings.
And yes the little cherub reckons they go fabulously together and who am I to argue.
And then the wee cherub has two birthday parties this weekend and I really wanted to make them something, and Art Folder is what I wanted, I found a pattern from Gingercake
Yes yes I know I could have made up my own, but my brain is still fried from wedding stuff I think and I couldn't' think straight, so I got this pattern and it goes together very well. I just did a simple embellishment on the front with the name of the party girl.
When I make it again, I'm going to add about 2 inches to the width of the piece, just so that i have enough room for longer pencils/markers and a spiral bound art book, as opposed to the flat pads, as I've found a good source for the spiral bound ones . It was easy to put together and worked well. There are no measurements for the pockets, rather you have to fold to make the size, but I've just measured them and added them to the pattern for next time, just so it's quicker for me.


text:
Also I think I am still listed as top donor on sourcemod after all these years. A simple "10% of our income in donations goes to projects we use to support them". See how this world (used?) to work?
And you still can do that without going against the server ToS in CS:GO.
Valve have made it so you can't use the community market skins to cause
false ownership of items. This makes totally sense to me.
You're allowed to download/create your own custom models and make your
community use those.
The problem is how Valve deals with this, and how they don't bother
investing enough time to decrease the biased server popularity.
They went ahead and rewarded servers that are going against the rules
instead of the oppersit.
View this message in context: http://csgo-servers.1073505.n5.nabble.com/Valve-should-create-a-place-to-report-cheating-servers-on-website-tp12389p12468.html
Sent from the CSGO_Servers mailing list archive at Nabble.com.
Csgo_servers mailing list
[hidden email]


text:
As a full-time, 5 Star Quality Service Award Winning, Realtor I am here to help you meet your goals with buying or selling real estate. With 14 years full-time experience as a Realtor, and as a 30+ year San Diego resident, you can be assurred I have extensive knowledge of many neighborhoods and the expertise to guide you through today's complex real estate transactions.
I serve all of San Diego County from Metro San Diego, to La Jolla, La Mesa, East County and the South Bay.
Full-time Realtor© Since 2002 –Commitment
Personalized Service—Quality Service Awards
Closed 99.5% of all Listings—High Success Rate
Closed Over 130 Transactions to date—Experience
30+ Year Resident of San Diego—Knowledge of the County
CalDRE License #01340962-Clean Record –Ethics & Integrity
Global Marketing Presence


text:
Advantages of ADR to Court Users
(a) Offers control over the outcome – parties are able to decide the outcome of their dispute while the mediator offers assistance.
(b) Saves time and provides finality on the matter. This is because when a Consent judgment is entered into, it is not appealable.
(c) Saves money to both parties.
(d) Allows room for creative solutions which may not be available with a judge's ruling.
(e) Offers confidentiality in the process.
(f) Gives Court Users an opportunity to speak and be heard.
(g) Provides a chance for a win-win scenario as opposed to the win-lose scenario when cases are handled through litigation.
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text:
The first season of Telltale's The Walking Dead blew everyone away. Until then, no one ever imagined what's basically a choose-your-own adventure style of gaming could be so gripping. With an ending as shocking as its first season had, Season 2 only promises to be more intense as players step into the shoes of the young orphan, Clementine. We've already seen a short trailer teasing The Walking Dead's second season, but today Telltale released a trailer for its first episode, "All That Remains."
The Walking Dead was easily one of the best games I've ever played, and its ending emotionally wrecked me for days. Now that its sequel has us playing as Clementine, a young girl of about nine, I cannot even begin to fathom the choices we'll be forced to make. And I can't wait to see how the choices players made in the first game, as well as its DLC 400 Days, will effect the story in Season 2. I already predict another Game of the Year nomination for Telltale with this one.
Not that The Walking Dead is their only offering, though it's surely their most popular and what made them the name in choice/consequences gaming and storytelling. There's also The Wolf Among Us, a game with heavy noir and detective influences based on Vertigo's Fables, and Telltale just secured the rights to make a game set in the world of HBO's Game of Thrones. I can't even begin to express how perfect that partnership will prove. A game of choices and their consequences set in Westeros? Oh, how heads will roll.
The Walking Dead Season 2's first episode, "All That Remains", is expected to release very, very soon, though no official date has been set. Will you be checking out Season Two as it releases or will you wait to buy the whole season at once?
UPDATE! Job J. Stauffer, head of PR for Telltale Games has tweeted confirming Episode One drops on Steam and the Playstation Network today. Tomorrow it will release for Xbox and next week for iOS.
Today. @steam_games worldwide, @PlayStation 3 North America. Tomorrow, @Xbox 360 ww, @AppStore this week. @PlayStationEU To be confirmed.
— Job J Stauffer (@jobjstauffer) December 17, 2013
Category: Comics, Videogames


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So you are here because you heard about USI-Tech and you are looking to find out whether or not this program that has caused such a hype is indeed legit. You are in the right place. In this USI-Tech review you will learn all you need to know about the company and whether or not there's real profit with their Bitcoin packages.
I will tell you how my experience has been with the company, without being bias. I will list what I like and what I don't like and most importantly what I think about the company, and whether you should invest with them or not.
When I first came across USI-Tech (Short of United Software Intelligence) it was back in April 2017 and at that time I didn't give it much thought as I was busy with other projects. It was not until mid July that I started taking USI-Tech seriously and really looked into their business model. Here's a few stats for you.
Company Name: USI-Tech Limited
Websites: https://usitech-int.com
Founders: Joao Severino, Ralf Gold, Horst Jicha, Mike Kiefer (See details below)
Executive Member Location: P.O. Box 122036, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (REGISTERED HERE).
Registration Number: ICC20160282
Protocols: https:// in green color for https (or padlock), secured site.
Domain Age: The domain was registered on June 23, 2016.
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Technical information about the website: https://www.whois.com/whois/usi-tech.info
Youtube Chanel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1tacNVi-tJSRIpTwVeJ0dg/videos
Official FB page: https://www.facebook.com/usitech2016/
More information about the Owners of USI-Tech
João Severino: Forex trader and developer which has 15 years of experience, responsible for managing accounts in USI-Tech since 2007.He has already created more than 100 forex trading robots during his 8 years of experience. Thanks to the experience that he has gaines he was able to reach an appropriate maturity level allowing him to deliver a product open for public usage which are the BTC packages. His origin is Portugese.
Ralf Gold:He is also a forex trader which has been responsible for VIP accounts (which have balances over 100,000€ each) over the last three years on the prototypes of the current USI-Tech robot. His work has a history of an average of 7.8% per month profits for VIP customers.
Mike Kiefer: He is responsible for marketing of USI-Tech products worldwide.
Horst Jicha: The head of Management.
For an updated Alexa Rank just click on the image.
What is USI-Tech?
USI Tech is an automated trading platform that specializes in forex and bitcoin trading. The company develops trading software for Banks, corporates and VIPs. Forex trading software development is what they primarily focussed on, however, in March 2017 they started trading Bitcoin as well. To this date they have had a 100% success rate on their FOREX Trading software. More on that later. What makes USI Tech very unique too is that it also operates as a multilevel marketing company where you have the opportunity to build a team and build a business either through Bitcoin packages alone and/or through the sales of the trading software license.
How Does it Work?
USI-Tech is commonly known for its Bitcoin Packages that return an average of 1% per day. However, the company is looking to rein-institute its Forex trading in a form packs too, similar to the Bitcoin packs they offer. Forex packs will enable you to take advantage of the Fiat Markets as well. This is where the rubber meets the road, earning both from fiat and cryptocurrency. Talk about growing your portfolio in a major way. At the time of writing this USI-Tech Review the company is still working on getting this product on offer. I will update this review as and when there are changes.
Bitcoin Packages
This is the main feature that has put USI-Tech on the map. The company trades and mines bitcoin on your behalf. We don't need to trade ourselves. Unlike your traditional trading company where you have to learn the trade, the markets, fundamental analysis and technical analysis. USI-Tech takes away all the hard work and does the the work for you. All you have to do is invest in the company and enjoy your daily returns. Over an above trading the company also engages in aggressive mining activities and plans to be in one of the best mining companies globally.
The company, also known as Bitcoin Multiplier amongst its members, gives you an average of 1% per trading day (20 days per month), so without compounding it is 20% per month. By rebuying packages everyday with your earnings you make much more than 20%. In essence this forms a compounding effect, the more you earn is the more you invest and the more you invest is the more you earn. You can put the system on auto rebuy, that means everything on auto pilot. Cost per pack is 50 Euros, which receives 140% on your investment. So at the end of the day you end up with multiple 140 day periods overlapping each other, one package expiring in different dates.
How to Rebuy packages in USI-Tech, with your earnings.
Compensation Plan
You will recall earlier that I mentioned different levels of earnings. When you join USI-Tech you automatically qualify to earn from 1 level, if you decide to share the opportunity. You really make profit just on your money but you can also build a network if you choose to. However, In order for you to earn up to level 12 commissions you have to meet certain requirements. To qualify you must meet one of the following requirements:
As you can see from above. Level 2 and 3 have the same qualifications. The re rest of the levels you just add one more from the previous level, for you to qualify.
USI-Tech Compensation Plan Explained
You stand to make a total of 35% commission over 12 levels. Level 1 = 10% on all packages bought daily by your directs and level 2 = 3% on your direct's directs. Level 3 through 8 = 3% of packages price, and Level 9 through 12 = 1% of package purchase.
My Earning Stats – Day 146 (UPDATED)
Start Date: 18 July 2017
Total Bitcoin Packages: 455 (On 09 February 2018)
Lifetime Return of Capital: 2.37375974 BTC
Lifetime Commissions: 0.67716607 BTC
Lifetime Grand Total: 3.05092581 BTC
At the time of writing this USI-Tech Review the company is currently running an Initial Coin Offering (ICO) for their TechCoin. This is what has gotten most people VERY excited.
What is Tech Coin?
To learn more about TechCoin watch the video below and/or download the official whitepaper.
How To Purchase TechCoin – Step-by-Step Tutorial
Advantages OF USI-Tech – LIKES
Here's a list of what I like about USI Tech:
- There are No monthlies, No joining fees or tax fees.
- You can even start for free and buy packages from commission.
- The company makes more than 1%, and they use this as reserves for bad trading days.
- You can withdraw everyday.
- Also same day commissions, which are instantly accessible as well
- The only fee is a 3% mining fee as the company does mining as well, but that is already included in the package price. You don't even notice it.
- Support is very prompt and highly responsive.
- Founders are not hiding behind the name but they are visible and interact with the members.
- They have passionate followers on social media – Facebook and Youtube.
- They have an App to help you manage your account on the go.
Here's more advantages I shared on the video for you guys.
Top 20 Reasons I joined USI Tec
Disadvantages of USI-Tech – DISLIKES
This is what I do not like about the company.
- Website loading speed. The website tends to be slow to load pages at times, even the homepage.
- Auto-rebuy button doesn't work. You have the ability to rebuy packages automatically as soon as you have enough earnings, however, at the time of writing this review this was not happening.
- You are required to login everyday to check your earnings so you an re-buy if you have enough funds.
- Email verification takes long to arrive. They were working on this feature the other day. Sign up here and test it yourself, it's probably improved now. After signing up you have to wait for a verification email to continue with the process.
Updates From the Launch Event in The United States on the 27th August 2017
USI-Tech is legally approved by several attorneys to enter the USA market without any hesitation!!
USI-Tech – Compliance with the USA Law
USI Tech – News Accounted at the Event in USA
In this USI-Tech review I tried to be as unbiased as possible. The aim was to educate you about USI-Tech and their bitcoin packages, forex license and the USI-Tech compensation plan. So therefore to answer the question whether the USI-Tech Bitcoin packages are real, the answer is Yes they are. You do receive daily earnings on the packages bought, as I have also showed you in my proof of earnings above. If you like what you read and would like to become a member here are a few benefits of signing up under my team.
Benefits for Signing Up with My Team
- 24/7 Support Regarding any enquiries about USI-Tech. Contact information below.
- I will add you to our private Facebook and/or WhatsApp group(s) where we share updates and different strategies.
- I will share with you my secret strategy to get your seed money back the quickest possible way.
- You get a complete done for you marketing system that's preloaded with training material and all the resources you need to succeed in this business.
- All you have to do is replace my link with yours, then you are ready to start sharing your link.
CLICK HERE to create your free account now.
Connect with me
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Skype: sycvinny
Phone: +2779 473 6164
Facebook: http://facebook.com/vincmbatha
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text:
An excerpt from Tribesman
In the beginning there was only the Benouin. They farmed the fertile land nourished by the
Their herds and flocks grazed on the lush green pastures. Golden corn, wheat,
and bounteous fruit trees flourished in the dark, rich earth. The women of the
Benouin were just as fruitful and the people swelled in number. The cantankerous
god of thunder, Dourab, provided them with precious metals from his lofty
mountain home; iron, tin, and gold. Great River
They formed communities, building villages and towns. Their numbers and wealth grew, and they thrived. A king ruled over them, a wise and just ruler, his name was Sarouk Ur-Dal. He took a wife from one of the villages and his wise men advised him he should get her with child and produce an heir.
And so, Sarouk's power and fame grew. He built a city that would be the capital of a growing nation. He named it Azral-Laldra; the City of
People flocked to build their homes within the confines of its walls. His wise men advised him to build
an army and make weapons from the bounty of Dourab's rocky mountain peaks. Light
"Who should we make war on?" Sarouk asked.
"Whomever shall oppose us," they answered.
"And who shall oppose us?" The king asked.
"Let us go forth and find them," they said.
The armies of the Benouin poured forth from the gates of Azral-Laldra conquering all before them. An empire was born and the wealth of the people, together with their arrogance, grew. The once wise and merciful king listened to words of false praise and flattery whispered in his ear and as a result became vain and cruel. His councillors called him a God and had statues fashioned in his honor. The people knelt before his image and worshiped him.
The gods of the Benouin are many and guard jealously the prayers of the faithful. They were not inclined to accept another to their ranks. The priests and mages of King Sarouk gathered in the great city with the sole intent of challenging the gods and replacing them with their Lord.
King Sarouk was a god in name only. All the gods of the Benouin came together and they scattered the people on the wind. They tore down their cities and ripped up their crops, cursing them to forever wander across the burning sands that were once lush meadows and rich earth. Sarouk and his council of mages were trapped within the jewel of the empire to linger there for all time. Azral-Laldra became Azral-Murbo, the City of the Dead.
You can buy Tribesman, an epic fantasy novel on Amazon.com.
Amazon US: http://www.amazon.com/Tribesman-ebook/dp/B009K6KU28/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1352054039&sr=8-1&keywords=tribesman+paul+freeman
Amazon UK: http://www.amazon.co.uk/Tribesman-ebook/dp/B009K6KU28/ref=sr_1_1?s=digital-text&ie=UTF8&qid=1352054112&sr=1-1


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Heritage Place Sale Day 3
All numbers trended upward at this year's sale in Oklahoma City.
January 24, 2014
Heritage Place Sale Company concluded its 36th annual winter mixed sale Saturday in Oklahoma City on a high note.
Paced by a third straight session of steady bidding, the average price climbed 45% to $12,168 from $8,397 a year ago, while the median price jumped 44% to $6,500 from $4,500 in 2013. The buy-back percentage for the sale was 10%. Even with 228 less head selling, the total gross receipts were up 9% to $8,493,100 from $7,775,350 last year.
"We have had an amazing weekend," said Spence Kidney, Heritage Place General Manager. "Heritage Place would like to say 'Thank You' to all of the consignors and wish all of the buyers the best of luck with their purchases. We look forward to following the success of the sale graduates throughout 2014."
First Down Toll, who brought a final bid of $300,000 in Friday's session from BQR Quarter Horses, was the high-seller. The open daughter of all-time leading sire First Down Dash was consigned by Lazy E Ranch LLC for Sonia Samaja dba Splenda LLC. She is the dam of Los Alamitos Two Million Futurity (G1) winner One Quick First Down ($821,669.
In the final session, Lazy E Ranch LLC for Sonia Samaja dba Splenda LLC sold Three Times The Toll, a 7-year-old Tres Seis mare, to Alvarez Racing LLC (Luis Alvarez) for $200,000. Not bred to carry a 2014 foal, she is a Grade 1-placed daughter of the high-seller First Down Toll.
Simmons Racing paid $176,000 for Eyema Special Candy, a Grade 3-placed daughter of Oak Tree Special from the Mr Eye Opener mare Eye On This Candy. Lazy E Ranch LLC, agent, consigned the 5-year-old earner of $149,295. Eyema Special Candy has never been bred.
Want handicapping help? Visit the Q-Racing Aces at a racetrack near you, check their web page or visit them on Facebook or Twitter!
The aforementioned BQR Quarter Horses led all buyers with the one purchase for $300,000. Alvarez Racing LLC (Luis Alvarez) had two purchases totaling $220,000, and Hector Ruiz bought two head for $188,000.
Lazy E Ranch LLC, agent, was the sale's leading consignor with 80 head grossing $1,264,000. Lazy E Ranch LLC for Sonia Samaja dba Splenda LLC sold eight horses for $660,500, and Bobby D. Cox had 48 head bring $527,800.
World Champion Apollitical Jess, whose first foals race in 2014, was the sale's leading 'short yearling' sire (by average with two or more sold) with two head averaging $27,500. Champion sire Valiant Hero had three head average $26,000, and leading sire PYC Paint Your Wagon saw five yearlings average $22,300.
Grade 1 winner Favorite Cartel led first crop sale sires (by average with two or more sold) with two head for an average of $17,350, One Sweet Jess had two head average $11,250, and Dominyun had seven head bring an average of $10,529.
All-time leading first crop sire One Famous Eagle led the sale's covering sires (by average with two or more sold) with seven in-foal mares averaging $55,357. PYC Paint Your Wagon had two in-foal mares average $43,250, and leading New Mexico sire Jess James Jr had two in-foal mares average $38,250.
View preliminary sale results, including hip-by-hip results.
AQHA News and information is a service of the American Quarter Horse Association. For more news and information, follow @AQHARacing on Twitter, watch the AQHA Racing Newscast and visit www.aqharacing.com.