text:
I am reading a book at the moment called Learning How to Die in the Anthropocene by Roy Scranton– and although it is a hard read (emotionally hard, not hard to get through) – I would suggest that it's required reading for our times. It's essay length, but I'm taking my time with it – using it as a meditation more than anything as I navigate the minefields of traumatized people and events on my Facebook feed and in my life.
Because it's been a crap few months hasn't it? I mean – it's been a hell of a time for us humans here on this planet – even those of us who are far away from the violence and the deadly heat waves, the water shortages and the extra-judicial killings by police. Every day seems to bring a reminder that we are doomed, that we are in danger, that anything could happen to us at any time – and that feeds the fear, the fear that is causing US citizens to shoot each other with such ferocity, the fear that brings a young man into a church to behead a priest.
The fear the fear the fear – that I will not live forever, that my family will not live forever, that our culture is doomed, that if I don't win someone else will, that I won't have enough, that if my God doesn't win someone else's will, that I'm going to die, die, die, just like everyone else before me has died.
I feel Ernest Becker looking over my shoulder as I write these words, wishing that the venerable philosopher had lived at least this long to see the naked manifestation of his writings splashed across every news site and television station. This, he said, is what will destroy us – our fear of death is what brings evil into our world (in a nutshell), giving rise to war and hoarding, anti-environmental policies and short term thinking, and tribal violence. These things seems to be reaching a fever pitch at the moment, don't they? It seems as if the onslaught just won't stop.
I'm not going to move into a Pollyanna view here, (even though I strongly believe that humans will survive these current global challenges, that some animal species far from dying out are making population rebounds, and that the so-called western world has a much more developed conception of human rights than ever before in our past. Yes, it's true that there are a lot of people screaming on the margins, but the human rights agenda has pretty much been consistent in its march forward over the past fifty years. It's true also that technology gives us a greater capacity for world view than ever before, and has some pretty specific solutions that could ride through some of the climate change catastrophes that are coming.) because I know that no matter what I say you're not going to believe me, and also it's important to recognize that some pretty world altering changes *are* coming down the pipe, and changes or no – we really are all going to die. For real, no one gets out of here alive, which is the root of what we're so upset about.
So yes, we're facing some deep suffering on this planet, not to mention the suffering *of* the planet itself – with an eventual death that is inescapable for every living being (including the planet because asteroids! and the sun going into supernova!).
Sometimes there are small things we can do to alleviate the suffering of others, or help our wild places, and we should do those things when we can – but it's also key that we recognize that there is not much we can do about the really big scary stuff (climate change, Trump, Daesh) out there. And what I'm going to suggest is that we not only work to eliminate our own fear by embracing the fact that we are mostly powerless, but that we stop transmitting it to others with the click of a button. (Scranton, by the way, has a great take on the social media fear spreading we all engage in – and I suggest you read his essay for that alone.) Perhaps it seems like all we are doing is raising awareness – but really – think about it – traumatized people don't make for good decision makers. People who are afraid don't make rational choices.
When I started this blog twelve years ago I came up with the (rather catchy if I do say so myself) tagline: More apocalypse, less angst. And although my worldview has shifted and my approach to life has broadened from the narrow activist perspective I once came from, I have continued to use it. When I came up with that line, I was of the opinion that the end of the growth economies would be good for the planet (more apocalypse) and that we should approach that from a spirit of transformation, joy, and problem solving rather than fear (less angst). Each time I have redone this blog interface I have asked myself the question of whether I still ascribe to that philosophy – and the answer is always a resounding yes! I do believe that we need to face the current economic and environmental problems head on, but we need to do it from a place of fearless love, which is pretty much the antithesis of what's on Google News this morning. My Buddhist learning also suggests that we need to detach from our own individual outcomes (that is – our very lives) in order to do so.
Roy Scranton prescribes just this kind of detachment – the recognition that each new day is the death of the previous day, that we cannot hold on to what is an ever-changing present. And that by trapping ourselves in the ideas of what should be, that is clinging to some previous incarnation of ourselves or our world (yesterday's version, a fifties version, the view from our childhoods), we impede our ability to act on our actual present. At the end of the first chapter of his essay (which you can read here) he sums up by saying:
The choice is a clear one. We can continue acting as if tomorrow will be just like yesterday, growing less and less prepared for each new disaster as it comes, and more and more desperately invested in a life we can't sustain. Or we can learn to see each day as the death of what came before, freeing ourselves to deal with whatever problems the present offers without attachment or fear.
(For the record, Ernest Becker says pretty much the same thing in Escape from Evil and Denial of Death but Scranton is a much easier read.)
So I'm going to suggest that before forwarding that terrifying news article, or reminding everyone that climate change is really here now, we meditate on these thoughts before clicking that button. We definitely cannot change everything, but we can stop ourselves from driving fear and trauma into others repeatedly. That's a possible starting place. And once we take those first steps back from fear, we can observe whatever else comes into our frame as the view widens to include everything that our present moment provides us.


text:
Being in the company of fighters I learned fairly quickly that fights get canceled all the time. It is part of the sport. This is combat. Athletes get hurt regularly. Everyone works hard for the opportunity to fight and landing a fight can seem almost impossible at times. When your chance falls through it can be devastating. I have seen grown men cry over this.
So I began working on this part of my game early on. After observing it time and again I decided that I do not want to be psychologically and emotionally wrecked by a normal occurrence. So I am not in a hurry anymore even though I understand that my time is limited in this sport. I will fight when it is my time to fight and that is all. I will train and work to be ready for the moments when they come. Incidents and Accidents occur.
I have a very recent back injury sustained while pulling a 6ft 180+lbs teammate across the mats during Jiujitsu training. There is nothing abnormal about this or expecting me even to be able to do this. I simply did not pay close enough attention to my body mechanics during the exercise. I did not know any damage was done until I stood up after the third repetition. I did not know how bad it might be until I tried to jog right after and could not do so without pain. I was in denial for 24 hours and I still fall into that fantasy.
I am scheduled to fight in one week. I have told the promoter that this is not looking likely. He wants to wait and see. The optimist in me wants to wait and see also. But my coaches are protecting me. They have told me, No. They are realizing that they have to protect me in training also. I have been working on mind over matter. I have felt the personal and private shame of quitting. So now I will not stop. I will cry and hyperventilate and puke before I give in.
In regards to whether or not I should feel bad about having to pull out of a fight due to injury, I do not. Though I do sincerely apologize to my opponent and the promoter. There is that fine line between courage and stupidity. Sometimes it takes more courage to step aside. As long as you know, "This above all: to thine own self be true, And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man".
I will return to the cage soon. Hopefully in two to three months and perhaps versus the same opponent.

subset: commoncrawl


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Anyone wants to play with me? - by Hershey
Huskee: Busy sleeping and pretending to ignore the mad pup
Awwww look at her! PLAY all over the eyes!! :D
awww... hershey looks so innocent.. NOT! hahahhaha.. so, who did you end playing with shey shey?
drooly kisses,
I'll play with you, Hershey.
I always have time for you, that toy may be a bit heavy for me to carry but I need some exercise too.
I will!
I will!
ME!!! I would love to play with you (:
best regards
Heard that your bed needs to be rested with your mom on it? Is she OK?
I give her 100 wet licks to help her feels better and leaves the bed alone.
What sweet eyes she has. Why won't you play with her Huskee? Hehe.
Belly jiggles,
Solid Gold Dancer
I use those big puppy dog eyes on Mom all the time, too. I think my mom is starting to become immune to my puppy dog eyes though.
How can anyone resist those eyes? TD does the same thing here.
C'mon over, Hershey, Thunder loves to play.
Woos to you, the OP Pack
I'll come and play wif you happily that wasy Huskee can get his booty west and youw pawents get a bweak too
smoochie kisses
We are thinking that Hershey is smarter than a fifth grader.
Awww so cute, poor hershey, so innocent. how can you say no to that.
by the way, you should think about entering the 'Make your pet a star' Sweepstakes at MyPetCareTV. All you have to do is create a profile on the site and you're automatically entered. Who knows you could be on your way to Hollywood, all expense paid.
Oh boy Hershey, do I know that look well! I give it EVERY day. Too bad we don't live nearer, then we could play together.
~lickies, Ludo
Oh, Ms. Alpha knows those "Pleasepleaseplease play with me" looks! Hershey is irrestible.
My mom should play Are You Smarter Than A Border Collie. Oh, no...she shouldn't. She'd lose!!!
I will send Tanner over right away!!
Hope you got your mom to play. =)
How could she resist those puppy dog eyes?
Simba and Jazzi xx
Our mom loves the 5th grader show too!
We'll play with you, Hershey!
Love ya lots,
Maggie and Mitch
Awe Hershey how could mom resist a face like that? You could try the sqeaky wheel noise, that works me sometimes..
Big Sloppy Kisses
Gus, Louie and Callie
I'd love to play with you Hershey!
Did you mom play with you?? I am sure she could not resist your face!
Take care
Kisses and hugs
Hershey you are sooooo cute!
Oh we just can't get enough of you!
Wanna play with us?
Lots of Luv & Kisses
Addie and Lucie
That's funny! I've been visiting Mommy's family this week and everytime someone comes home, the first thing I do is grab my tennis ball and drop it on their feet!
Come on over Hershey you can go herding with us. It has been postponed till Sunday though..
Big Sloppy Kisses
Gus, Louie and Callie
Aww Hershey... we will play with you.
Holly & Zac...XX
Hershey doesn't look like she's gonna give up until she gets what she wants!


text:
There are many things I can say about the high quality of service I provide to my home seller and home buyer clients, but probably none would be as credible as testimonials from some of my recent clients themselves. So please take a moment to read the following testimonials. I believe they indicate my experience and integrity, as well as make it clear how much I enjoy helping people with their real estate needs. I would be happy to email you additional testimonials if you are interested. Click here to download client referral letter.
I Recommended You for an Award!
"After the closing of our [home, I] felt what you did for us was so over the charts for caring and effective service to us, that I was determined to do something special for you. I felt a simple thank you letter was woefully [inadequate. However,] in [hindsight, I] should have at least done that.
I thought of a bunch of [things - gift] cards, flowers, basket of fruit or fruit [tree - nothing] was adequate for the way we felt about you. The more time that went [by, gave] me more guilt for not doing something to let you know how we felt within a reasonoble period of time.
Now Christmas has gone, and I have turned in my Display Key and signed the membership resignation form for CAAR effective 12/31/13.
From the time I knew I would turn in my broker's license, I wanted you to have my four new [lockboxes, if] you can use them.
The other thing is that when I read the email from CAAR soliciting recommendations for Awards, I contacted CAAr and got the forms. None [fit; so,] I wrote my recommendation [anyway and] filled out one of the forms. Even if you don't win an award, I wanted the powers that be at CAAR to know how special you are.
I hope you will forgive me for waiting this long to let you know how much we appreciated you." - (A.T.W.)
I seriously doubt there is a better Realtor in the area...
"I recently made the decision to buy my first home in the local area & I feel especially Blessed to have had such an amazing Realtor..."
Impressive Speedy Helpfulness
Attentive... A Wealth of Knowledge
A Cut Above the Rest!
"Cynthia, I just wanted to say thanks for all that you did and sorry for any ulcers I may have caused you. I told my client early on that they were fortunate to have you as their representative. I've worked with a lot of real estate agents over the years and not many of them are very convincing that they really care about the interest of their clients. You are a cut above the rest. Thanks again for all that you did and I wish you the best going forward!" (C.P., Lender)
A Reputable Part of Your Community
"Cynthia, you are truly the "expert" in real estate and topics that affect seniors and caregivers today. But, I am so glad to see that you are also a valuable, reputable part of your community trying to make a positive difference and not just a money-hungry real estate agent trying to make a quick buck. Thank you for all the investing you do in people and in serving the community for the long haul. May God bless you with success in all you do!" (L.W.)
I'm not sure there enough words to thank you...
"I want to thank you for everything you've done for me throughout my first home buying experience. I can't imagine going through it with anyone else. You've taught me a lot about the real estate business and put me in contact with some great people... I'm not sure there enough words to thank you." - (E.C.)
Hard Working
"You worked very hard and did a great job, which is why I'm 'keepin' ya on board.'" (M.R.)
The Extra Mile
"As the paralegal for our mutual client, I wanted to tell you what an exceptional job with this purchase. It was a handful, but you really handled every challenge with professionalism and went MORE than the extra mile - far MORE than a Realtor's typical position. Congrats!" (J.P.)
Above and Beyond
"I did want to express my great appreciation for the work you put in. The effort has been extraordinary. You worked hours normal humans would have gone to bed and you were immediately responsive to my requests and drafting changes. You will be quite successful delivering this level of service to customers. Thank you for going above and beyond!" (L.R.B.)
Your Expertise is Amazing
"Even though we wound up deciding to rent an apartment, for now, we can't express our appreciation enough for the endless hours, energy and committment you put into researching homes for us before we moved to Virginia. Your expertise in real estate is amazing. Once we start looking again, you can bet you'll be the first to know!" (L.R. & L.R.)
"The reason I refer you is because you are so dependable, easy to get in touch with, and you really listen to what people want, other than trying to make the bigger buck, like most of the other realtors. I'll keep on referring them to you, don't worry about that one bit." (B.G.S.)
"We think Cynthia does a fabulous job. We can trust her, and you can't always trust everyone." (H.G. & J.G.)
You Actually Listened
"You actually listened to our needs. We appreciate your hard work. You helped us get things into perspective." (R.L.)
A Blessing!
"Thanks for everything you did for us. It was greatly appreciated. I can honestly say I did not have to worry about anything (even being so far away) because I knew the details were being taken care of. You are truly awesome and we were greatly blessed to have found you!" (J.S.)
A Real Life Saver
"Cynthia, thank you so much for all you've done! And, now, here you are giving us a gift when we should be the ones giving a gift to you. Without you being there at our closing to catch the assumption error made by our banker & closer, we would've been without homeowners insurance. And, you were able to arrange for it all right then & there. Again, thank you so much!" (K.N. & M.A.)
Truly One of the Best
"You are truly one of the best Realtors I have ever worked with. Thank you for completing all the details - even the smallest ones. We are very happy here and it is beginning to feel more like home." (T.S.)
You Are A Pro!
"Thank you for a very productive day. I know you were working, but I was having fun. My day was exactly what I had hoped for, and you accomplished it on very short notice. You are a Pro!" (E.B.)
You Make Us Look Good
"You make our property look so good that it makes us want to buy it back!" (J.G.)
Easy and Stress-Free Process
"Thank you for the gift card you sent. It really wasn't necessary, but very much appreciated. I also wanted to thank you for all your help in selling the house. It made for an easy and stress-free process. I'll be sure to pass your name on to anyone I can. Thanks, again." (C.S.)
"Cynthia's conscientious attitude was apparent throughout the time she represented us." (K.A.)
"I appreciated Cynthia's creative marketing ideas during our professional relationship." (A.R.)
Hand Picked
"Cynthia, you are so nice, we could not have hand picked a better realtor. I know GOD hand picked you just for us. Thank you for all you do!" (M.D.)
Practically Poetic
"Your descriptions of my house are practically poetic." (E.W.)
Such a Sweetheart
"You're such a sweetheart for showing me properties ... taking me to the bank for my social security check deposit was above and beyond the call of duty." (E.S.)
Not Pushy
"Thank you for spending so much time with us and not pushing us to sell. Your knowledge and patience has helped me a lot." (S.B.)
Not All Equal
"I will certainly recommend you if I hear of anyone looking for a Realtor. As I told you, Realtors are not all equal. You get my vote! Thanks so much." (D.V.)
Got The Job Done
"Thank you for EVERYTHING you did in helping to close the sale. As always, you went beyond your services as a Realtor to get the job done! You're great!" (J.P. & T.G.B.)
Earned Your Commission
Outstanding Realtor
Thanks for all your work. You are an outstanding Realtor, loved working with you ! I will recommend you anytime!(S.A.H.)
Effortless For Me


text:
Time stands still
For this set of photographs I wanted to explore the concept of time. Although a photograph captures a moment in time I will be looking to produce sets of photographs that explore different themes that are essentially about periods of time.
These photographs were taken when the silk worms were weaving their webs. This only occurs for 2 weeks of the year.


text:
Yanzhou Coal aims for first profit in four years at its Australia unit
Cost-cutting and higher coal prices will change Yancoal Australia's fortunes this year, says Yanzhou boss
Related topics
Yanzhou Coal Mining, the listed unit of China's fourth largest miner of the fossil fuel, is confident it can turn around its loss-making Australian business this year on the back of higher coal prices and cost cutting.
Yancoal Australia, which is 78 per cent owned by Shandong-based Yanzhou, is on course for a "remarkable turnaround" by the end of this year, Yanzhou general manager Wu Xiangqian told reporters on Monday.
"We believe in the not too distant future it will reach break-even," he said of the unit that posted net losses of 1 billion yuan last year, 1.4 billion yuan in 2015 and 1.8 billion yuan in 2014 amid depressed coal prices.
Yancoal, which mines coal in New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia, contributed 23.5 per cent of Yanzhou's raw coal output last year.
The price of power station coal delivered at Australia's Newcastle port suffered steep losses after coal prices fell precipitously from US$142 a tonne in late 2010 to a trough of US$55 a year ago. It almost doubled to US$107 last November, helped by reduced supply and higher demand in Asia. It has since come back down to US$86.
While Sydney-listed Yancoal has been axing jobs, redundancies are not its main cost-cutting strategy. It has introduced flexible working hours and other efficiency improvement measures, chief executive Reinhold Schmidt said.
Its average selling price fell 2.8 per cent last year from 2015, while its unit cost of sales per tonne dropped 21.4 per cent.
Yanzhou, a subsidiary of Yankuang Group, on Sunday announced a tenfold jump in annual net profit to 1.65 billion yuan from 164.5 million yuan in 2015.
The huge increase in earnings was mainly down to a 25 per cent jump in the average selling price at its Shandong mines, though this was partly offset by a 13.4 per cent cost of sales increase.
The company plans to raise coal output by 29.2 per cent to 78.6 million tonnes, with the additional production coming from its new mines in Inner Mongolia and Australia.
Another 12 million tonnes of output is expected to be added when the US$2.5 billion acquisition of mines from Australian global mining giant Rio Tinto is completed later this year.
The deal is pending approval by Yanzhou's shareholders and authorities in China and Australia.
Yanzhou has budgeted 7.7 billion yuan of project spending this year, up from 6.3 billion yuan last year. Most of the increase is for new projects in Australia and Inner Mongolia.
Meanwhile, Wu said the company has not given up on developing its potash resources in Saskatchewan province in central Canada, despite its depressed market prices. Potash, a salt that contains potassium, is the key ingredient of fertiliser.
In late 2011, Yanzhou paid US$260 million for 19 permits to explore for potash in Canada.
Most of this year's 422 million yuan project budget set aside for Yanzhou International, which owns the permits, is targeted at developing the potash business.
The potash price has plunged from nearly US$500 a tonne in 2011 to around US$210 recently.
Yanzhou closed 5.1 per cent higher at HK$6.35 on Monday. It has gained 20 per cent since the beginning of the year.
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These are the Die-namics I used on my cards!!
OK now you need to hop on over to see Megan for some more FUN!!!
Thanks for Hopping by!!
Hugs Cindy XXOO
awesome Cindy ... love the white tree in the first
Love the polka dots. Still trying to decide on the rolled rose.
Oh this is BEARY sweet! Love the pink color combo...so soft, pretty and sweet all at the same time....and the bare winter tree too! Great job as always!
Lovin' that snow bear, Cindy!! and the Polka Dot Greetings card is gorgeous!
LOVE your first card! BEAUTIFUL!
Love that clever window cut out with the snow sparkly white tree. And I saw your blue and brown creation during the release party...it's lovely!
Wonderful cards Cindy! You started off so adorable and then switched gears to elegant! Love them! :D
Your work is beautiful... as usual! I love that little bear!!!
Sweet Saints Above! I Love, Love, I tell you, your PI "Snow Angel" card!! I Love the frame and tree, and the mounds of snow...I could keep on going :)
The beautiful Thank You card, is just gorgeous! I love, Love simple, clean and classic lined cards. They just let the stamps shine! :)
Oh so adorable Cindy! the snowy tree - I love it!
Love your blue card...everything detail is wonderful! Great scene with the pink card...super sweet.
Great job Cindy! That sweet little bear is just too cute!
Amazing cards! I love how the white tree just pops out of the card. So much dimension!
Hi Cindy. This is so beautiful! I love, love your blue rose! I am on the way right now to get me this die-namic. I can not wait to play. I love your card. Have a good evening. hugs, Lisa
Wowie Cindy these are terrific! I am lovin the new Die-namics! Beth
Two beautiful cards! I can see why you are part of MFT's design team. I want to case everything you do.
Cindy - WOW - both of these are fabulous. Love the bare tree in the first one and of course that sweet snow angel bear. And the second one is just so elegant with beautiful serene colors.
Love the dimension on this...and LOVE that tree die!
Oh fantastic, Cindy! My shopping cart is filling up quickly! LOL!
WOW these are beautiful,just love that gorgeoous bear and I so need that rose die!!!
Hugs xx
Cindy, your little bear is so cute and sweet! Really adorable. Love the shadow box look. Very pretty circle card, too. Love how you combined your polka dots. Fabulous sentiment!
What darling cards Cindy! Love the cute bear in the pink outfit & the fun shaped circular card!
Darling cards Cindy!
So wonderful cards Cindy,I love the images and the colours.
So beautiful papers.
Hugs Riet.x
Cindy, Cindy, Cindy... that tent card... LOVING IT!!!!! I am TOTALLY CASE'ing that card for a swap I am in coming up soon, that white tree in the snow bumps... WHAT LIVES IN THAT BRAIN OF YOURS??? Sheesh!!!! Never do you bore me, and just cuz I'm easily amused doesn't mean I'm easy.... ;)
Congrats on another Fabulous Release Week Cindy!!!!!
oh, I love your circle card.
Shut the front door! That little bear just reaches out and hugs you. Such a fabulous card! Love the thank you card, too. The rose is just amazing. Wow!
Both cards are great, but i LOVE the circle Card !
gorgeous! that blue and brown scallop circle card is WOW! and of course the sweet little PI is darling!
Oh my,
Love your card, I have been good and holding off on the tree die, but now you have tempted me once again.
WOW, great cards the bear's scene is a lil winter wonderland!
Very cute bear card and I like the brown and blue color combo on the thank you card.
The dimension and sparkle of the tree in your card really catches my eye. Pretty coloring job too Cindy. Wow, you design for some really great companies! You are SO lucky!!
lovin that winter tree AND the color combo of the scalloped card...awesome work
Love that white tree!! So great. And the brown/blue color combo is FAB!!
Love the first card with the white tree! beautiful colors!
This thank you card is so pretty!!! I love the new die namics!!!!!
These are just darling! I love them all:)
Some beatuiful cards Cindy!! Am liking those new dies!! and everything else, too!! ;)
Absolutley amazing... love the white tree!
Thank you so much for sharing!!!
okj83 at live dot com
Beautiful cards Cindy!! Love your PI card especially...that new bear is adorable!
OM, such a pretty bear...love your work muchly...HUGS
Cute, cute, cute cards.
Oh boy, I was trying to resist this polka dat set and the rose die but you make it very difficult! Your projects are awesome!
Kathy Camasso
I have no idea how I missed this simply irresistable Snow Angel card! It is fantastic! :)
GORGEOUS work!!
So CUTE!! I love them both!!


text:
In lieu of The Hatchet's most recent article on one GWU parent's discovery of an advising nightmare, GWU should probably take a hard close look at fixing this debacle. From what I've noticed, GWU is facing an all time, record breaking high in undergraduate applicants for the upcoming fall.
It was mentioned that the factors that play the ultimate role in advising young students who are new to the college scene, is care and concern, with which I couldn't agree more. It appears these essential factors have been noticeably falling by the wayside on the advising front, particularly at the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences.
Coming from a very different perspective, being in the final stages of my undergraduate education myself, but still new to The George Washington University, even I feel a bit small and lost in getting used to such a new and vigorous environment. This made me wonder how a freshman could possibly feel! If the one thing a freshman can not count on is his or her academic advisement, what do they have? My only hope, is that come fall 2010, GWU will have attempted some fundamental changes in order to successfully take on the record breaking numbers of incoming freshman. If not, the number up disappointed students and parents will only increase at rapid speed.


text:
"Fancy a walk" said Jeff "I know of this 'interesting' little route in
southern Snowdonia"
So that's how it started – our big day out on the Rhinog Ridge.
Friday 18 Feb 2005 saw the Rhinog posse – Jeff Farr, Nigel Walker, Sheila
Norman, Christina and me – arrive, almost simultaneously (and nearly at the same
time!) at Llys Ednowain Heritage Centre and Hostel in the village of
Trawsfynydd. This was a plum find by Jeff. Not only is it only about 1 mile or
so from the start of the walk proper, but also it was only opened April 2005 so
is clean, warm and very well equipped – definitely not for the rufty-tufty
camp-at-all-times contingent (El Pres!).
Although arrival time was only 8.30 pm (the latter part being through
sideways sleet wondering what on earth we're doing here!), fortunately we had
actually thought the logistics through and made sure we allowed time to get one
of the cars down to Barmouth – the other end of the ridge – and return to
Trawsfynydd at a reasonable hour. Sleep was important as an early start was
scheduled for what we now call 'Ridge Day'. Anyway, Jeff and I scuttled off to
Barmouth, deposited Jeff's car and headed back up the road.
On the way back we decided to recce the roadside parking possibilities at
the start of the path (see previous mention of early start – this would save us
about 20 minutes which it would turn out we were extremely thankful for!).
Having located the start point, I found a suitable space and reversed the car in
to see how it would fit. Looks good, plenty of space for traffic to pass by.
OK time to go – whoops, wheels are spinning but we're not going anywhere! I'd
only gone and got the car stuck!! Jeff leaps out of the car and starts pushing
'n' shoving and eventually we're free. On the way back I decide a better place
to park in the morning would be a few minutes down the road beside the Mountain
Rescue Mobile Unit!
Safely back in the hostel it was time for a nice cuppa, pack sacks and
generally prepare for the morning. To bed at midnight.
Who's idea was it to set the b****y alarm for 05.30 hrs!?! Christina was up
and at 'em first making sure the rest of us didn't roll over and go back to
sleep. Cups of tea and assorted breakfasts were consumed, accompanied by a deal
of jolly banter surrounding Nigel's flaps zip – and, to preserve Nigel's
reputation, I shall make no further reference to this particular piece of
sartorial practicality (unlike on the day itself!) – and, with flasks of hot
drinks packed, we were off up the road with a hiss and a roar at 06:35. 'How
come it took over an hour to get out?' I hear you cry. Well, the official line
is that, due to the walk's reputation, we didn't want to start it until
daylight. Unofficially, Sheila's debilitating fits of giggles over the position
of Nigel's zip could be cited as a delay!
06:45 sees us togged-up and marching. The weather was ideal being dry with
a light wind and, importantly, good visibility. We had all agreed beforehand
that Jeff and Nigel would be map-readers and navigators because the walk is
notoriously difficult to navigate and they are both experienced and competent in
such matters. The other three of us were just along for the ride! Anyway, no
problems bagging the first 'peak' – Moel y Gyrafolen at 535m; and Diffwys, at
577m, was dispatched soon after. So far, so good. Along to Foel Penolau at
614m followed by the first trig point on Moel Ysgyfarnogod at 623m.
|Trawsfynydd from Moel Y Gyrafolen (click on any picture for image in Flickr)
Descend in to the col and back up the other side – some thing that will
become an all too familiar scenario by the end of the day! – and then a few more
times. Some of it was almost a scramble being rather on the steep side!
|Some of it's flat …
|and some of it ain't!
Time for the first group discussion – do we take in the 'minor' peak of Clip
(circa 590m) or turn left (roughly SE at this point) to continue past Twr Glas
and Craig Wion (566m). The democratic vote was for the latter which, in
hindsight, was a good call!
More down and up with a bit of flat-top (interesting boulder arrangement up
here) thrown in just to ease the pressure on the knees, down into the col,
across The Roman Steps and it was 1 o'clock, time for a lunch stop – but not
before an 'interesting' traverse across a slippery slab and broken ground to the
other side of Llyn Du! Too chilly to stop for long though – 15 minutes and it's
time to get moving again.
|Towards Llyn Du
A short, sharp burst fuelled by lunch and we're atop the first Rhinog –
Rhinog Fawr at 720m. Huzzah – one third of the way!
Down again – blimey, it's a bit (understatement!) steeper this time – and
straight back up the other side on to Rhinog Fach at 690m. It was the 'short &
direct but steep' route versus 'easier angle but quite a lot longer' debate –
short & direct won! Hold on boy, not so fast this is a false summit, got some
more up to do yet before the true summit at 712m – fortunately not quite as
steep though.
|Rhinog Fawr from Rhinog Fach
Oh, forgot to mention that the possible bale out route was in between the
two Rhinogs – so no going back (or sideways come to that) now!
The descent from Rhinog Fach is another steep little number, but the worst
is now over and it's a gentle – a relative terminology – rise up to Y Llethr at
756m from where we can see the final peak – and consequently last bit of uphill!
– of the walk. A quick stop for more photos and we're off along Crib y Rhiw to
the top of Diffwys (not the same Diffwys as earlier however!) and the final trig
point at 750m.
It's still daylight – though only just! – so time for yet another snack stop
before the long walk off. The wind has re-surfaced blowing snow at us from over
the right shoulder so it's a case of button up and plod on, and on, and on (you
get the picture!). A couple of hours later though, the cloud clears and it's a
beautiful moonlit night with a light covering of snow to assist with visibility.
Time for group decision number 2. It's nearly 8 pm and everyone is
absolutely cream-crackered! So, do we follow the path straight along which
involves another slight uphill bit to Bwlch y Rhigwr or contour along the hill
at a more gentle angle. After deliberation – and a share of the last drops of
Nigel's warm, sweet coffee! – not surprisingly, the gentle option was voted in
and at 21.15 hrs we reached the road – only 2km to Jeff's car! At this point
Jeff's Duracells kicked in and he sped off down the road to collect said car and
drive back up to pick up the rest of us – top man! By 21.30 hrs we were on the
way back up the road – 30 minute drive remember! – to Trawsfynydd having been on
the hoof for a mere 14.75 hours!
The day had been free of serious injury, but admiration has to be given to
Sheila whose knees had been giving her 'jip' (is that the right spelling?) from
about half way along and Nigel who got cramp between Y Llethr and Diffwys – but
made a speedy recovery after consuming a snack size packet of mini-cheddars!
|Ian, Christina, Sheila and Nigel
Now, here's the science bit –
Walk length (in 2D only!) – approx 27-30km
Up and down stuff –
Grade – a tough little (?) number; definitely harder walking than the Yorkshire 3 Peaks which were 'bagged' February 2004.
Fortunately, Jeff had had the inspired idea of taking a pre-cooked meal with
us – "just in case we didn't feel like eating out" – as we wouldn't have found
any of the local hostelries serving food at that time of night! So, after quick
showers all round, we were sitting in the positively luxurious kitchen at Llys
Ednowain tucking into vegetable korai, rice and naan bread – and it was only
half ten at night!
First job in the morning – after breakfast, of course – was to drive back
out to collect my car from where we'd parked it early on 'Ridge Day'. But, no
lie-in as we need to be out of the room by 10 am. I'm sure the hostel warden
put us in a first floor room deliberately! OUCH, my legs hurt!
Christina and I couldn't face another hill walk so opted for breakfast in
Bodwyn café – well spotted by Christina – followed by gear fondling in Betws y
Coed (a size 2 DMM 4CU for only £25!) before heading home. The other 3 being
made of sterner stuff, wandered up Arenig Fawr for a few hours before departing
back to the flat lands of Suffolk – how do they do it!?!
All in all a fantastic achievement and great walk, but not to be undertaken
lightly. The paths were tricky enough and the terrain strenuous enough with the
weather being kind to us, so any sort of poor visibility conditions could make
it rather treacherous in many places.
Many thanks to Jeff for suggesting and organising, and to all the party for
being such brilliant company. I think we're all in agreement when we say "glad
to have done it, got the tick, NOT DOING IT AGAIN!"
It's worth pointing out that Llys Ednowain Heritage Centre is
ideally situated for the classic MTB routes of Coed-Y-Brenin and is obviously
geared up (excuse the pun!) for such with a secure metal cage for bike storage.


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Do you think we forgot your alliance (slavery) with Khartoum? Did you come alone when you fought us after 91? Why were you defeated in the 90s when you had the entire SAF, PDF, the Murahaleen and most of South Sudan's tribes on your side? You were lucky in 2014 because that moron (Salva) allowed you to come back in 2006 and account for 70% of the army...
forum vous enregistrer forum vous inscrire
[password forgotten?]
The following ads are provided by Google. SudanTribune has no authority on it.


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Positive Parenting
Support for Parents - free advice and training
When it comes to rasing children, everyone has an opinion! There are so many ideas out there, how do you know what is best and what works?
Bedford Borough provides really high quality, free advice and training through its Early Help inititative. It does what it says on the tin - offers parents support at an early stage so that issues do not escalate. Take a look at this leaflet - don't be concerned that it appears upside down to begin with - if you print it off, it folds into a leaflet - and printed copies will be available soon in the school reception area. We urge you to look at the range of courses on offer; team up with another parent if you want some moral support, and use this opportunity to get yourself informed and reassured.


text: Photos courtesy of Beth Goldstein Within the UK College of Education's Department of Educational Policy Studies and Evaluation, Goldstein specializes in the study of education and culture with particular attention to gender, difference and change within contexts of comparative and international education. From her experiences in Indonesia, she will add new units to her courses in international education and the anthropology of education. The College has new opportunities to develop institutional exchanges for faculty and students with peer institutions in Indonesia. "Working with colleagues in Indonesian universities and polytechnics on their projects is a great reminder of concerns that we share globally in higher education." "Working with colleagues in Indonesian universities and polytechnics on their projects is a great reminder of concerns that we share globally in higher education: how to open doors for under-served students, how to engage our students in their learning, how to support research, how to balance our professional and personal lives, how to contribute to our communities, and how to work in complex academic environments that must respond to political, financial and social pressures," Goldstein said. "Even with all the tremendous resources that we have at UK compared to what I experienced at most Indonesian campuses, many of our issues seem very similar. For that reason, I all the more admire the ambitions and accomplishments of the Indonesian action research project teams." | 33


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AUSTIN, Texas (AP) Texas Gov. Greg Abbott isn't on board with a "Texit" but is seizing a chance to take advantage of Brexit.
Abbott announced Saturday the state will run digital ads on British websites over the July 4th weekend urging companies to "declare independence from high taxes" and relocate to Texas.
The campaign follows Britain's vote to leave the European Union and is funded through Texas One, the state's quasi-governmental marketing arm. Abbott spokesman John Wittman said he didn't have specifics on how much the ads cost.
The British vote reinvigorated Texas secessionist groups that in May nearly forced a floor vote on its fringe cause at the state Republican convention. But although Abbott has long accused the Obama administration of impeding on state sovereignty, the governor says Texas isn't going anywhere.


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JAMMU: Jammu and Kashmir government on Wednesday said that there are 32 hydel projects under execution in Chenab valley, while as 32 projects with the capacity of 2813.46 megawatts are operation across state.
The information was given by the Minister of State for Power, Vikar Rasool while replying to a clubbed question by Naresh Kumar Gupta, Syed Asgar Ali and Sham Lal Bhagat in the Legislative House. He said among the total power projects operational in the J&K, 21 projects with capacity of 761.96 MW are in State Sector, 7 projects with capacity of 2009 MW in Central sector and four projects with capacity of 42.5 MW in private sector. He said that there are four hydel projects including Baglihar-I, Bhaderwah, Dulhasti and RanjalaDunadi in operation in erstwhile Doda district. The Minister said the DPRs of 1856 MW Sawalkote HEP has been submitted to CEA for TEC which is under appraisal and concurrently Geological Investigation works and Environmental Impact Assessment studies are under way. He said 850 MW Ratle HEP has been awarded to M/S GVK Developmental Project Pvt Limited through competitive bidding process. The project is presently under implementation and is targeted to be completed in 2017.
The Minister informed that 190 local and non- local youth have been engaged by GVK and its sub- contractors. He said the developers and their sub- contractors have been advised by the JKSPDC to give priority to locals while making recruitments in order of preference to people whose land comes under the project, people belonging to the concerned village, neighbouring villages, concerned administrative blocks, district, adjoining district and people of the State. He said 23 subcontractors/ vendors have been engaged by M/S GVK and M/S L&T for carrying out various works and providing services, out of which 22 are from J&K State.


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Gore Canyon
August 20th, 2013
Are you looking for adventure? Hair-raising, death-defying, adrenaline-fueled adventure that you will tell your grandchildren about? Then Gore Canyon on the upper Colorado river is just the trip for you.
Flowing through a rugged canyon lies one of the most technical and hardest section of Class V rapids in the entire country. This trip departs out of the quiet mountain town of Kremmling, CO where you will get geared up for this adventure. After a short ride to the put-in on the Blue River and a slow paddle along the calm upper C the adventure is soon to follow. Because Gore Canyon is considered to be one of the top five sections of Class V whitewater in the United States, certain precautions need to be taken to ensure that those willing to take the plunge down this river will be safe. The first is a swim test where you will have to jump out of the boat, swim underneath, then pull yourself back into the boat. The next test involves floating down a Class III section of whitewater outside of the boat. Once you pass these tests you are ready for the real fun!
The river will take you through some of the best scenery on Colorado leading to the entrance of the canyon. Some of the notable rapids in the canyon include Apple Sauce, Gore, Scissors, Ship Wreck, and Pyrite. There are also some Class IV rapids along the way that nobody has bothered to name. All of this culminates with the biggest rapid of Tunnel Falls. After getting out of the boat to scout the rapid and talk strategy, you will embark on the waterfall with full confidence. Finally, the day will end with a deli style lunch as the group recounts the day's adventure.
Gore Canyon is the most intense section of whitewater in Colorado, so if you have previous rafting experience and want the most intensity out of a raft trip, you will enjoy this trip immensely. This awesome trip is a great way to end your rafting season with availability all the way up to Labor Day.


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Republican state Sen. Deb Fischer can now be addressed as United States Senator-elect.
Fischer, a state senator from Valentine, completed her improbable political journey, emerging from a Republican primary to claim the United States Senate seat now held by Democrat Ben Nelson, who is retiring from public office.
Final unofficial totals released by the Secretary of State's office show Fischer won 445,443 votes, or 58.18% of the vote. Democrat Bob Kerrey, who had returned to Nebraska and returned to politics to run for his old office, received 320,229 votes, or 41.82%.
Fischer's lead narrow during early returns, but widened as the night wore on. Her percentage tracked closely the percentage Nebraska voters gave Gov. Mitt Romney, who holds a better than 60-40 split over President Obama in the state.
AUDIO: Republican Deb Fischer claims victory in U.S. Senate race. [5:40]


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Fabulous Find of the Week: Charlotte Russe Heels
Confession time: I don't wear heels. Like, I really, really don't. I can't walk in them, and when I try, I look like a baby deer. (Sidenote: Aww, baby deer!) HOWEVER, I can manage wedges, and if I'm feeling confident, I can handle a pair of heels that has a significant platform so that the angle of my foot isn't SO extreme.
This week's Fabulous Find embodies just that: These amazing wooden heels from Charlotte Russe will go with anything because of their two-toned look - and on top of that, they have a nice, big platform so they're easy to walk in. The best part? They're on sale right now for buy one, get one for $15.50 (split your order with a friend and get two pairs for $27 each)! You can't beat that.
The Shoes:
Strappy Wood Platform Heel - BOGO $15.50 ($27 each) at Charlotte Russe
Outfit Inspiration:
Now that you've seen this week's "Find", check out three cute ways to wear these awesome heels!
1. Casual Daytime Look
Heels, Skirt, Shirt, Sunglasses, Lipstick
I can't speak for the rest of you, but I probably wouldn't wear heels to run errands alone. That being said, this is definitely a more casual way to wear this awesome pair of heels! For this look, I chose to pair them with this classic pleated black skirt and a (boys) oversized graphic tee. A pair of sunglasses and some girly pink lipstick contrast nicely with the toughness of the rest of the outfit.
2. Put-Together & Chic
Heels, Jeggings, Top, Cardigan, Earrings
This look is definitely much more polished than the first - heels and jeans are one of the most classically stylish wardrobe combinations. After the jeans, I added this pretty flowy printed top and a cream colored open cardigan. I chose to top the look off with this unique pair of black and gold earrings. This would be great for work (I work in a boutique, so this would be perfect!) or a nice lunch, dinner, whatever!
3. Dressy for a Night Out
Heels, Dress, Earrings, Clutch
The third and most dressy look would be great for a hot date or a night out with the girls! This awesome one-shouldered, floral print dress goes well with the heels, while the silver earrings and subtle pink clutch add a little interest.
Your thoughts?
So there you have it: three cute, different ways to style these awesome heels from Charlotte Russe. Would you guys wear these heels? Which was your favorite look? Let me know what you guys think - I always love your great feedback!


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Dark Sky Park 'Marty Feldman's Eyes'
single available now
The Baby Seals 'Guuurrrrl'
EP available now
Scott Swain 'Like Nothing Else'
single released 28 April
Clustersun 'Emotional Painkiller'
from the LP Surfacing to Breathe, released 19 May
Sunshine & The Rain 'Come On Baby'
from the LP In The Darkness Of My Night, released 12 May
Mudlow 'Crackling'
single available now
Please check out the artists through the red hyperlinks for release and gig information and to learn more about them.
This podcast can be downloaded from here.
Please consider making a donation using the PayPal button at the top of this page, it helps towards keeping this podcast and other projects freely available online for everyone's enjoyment.


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Mini Review ARTICLE
Antiphospholipid-related chorea
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
Chorea is a movement disorder which may be associated with immunologic diseases, in particular in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Choreic movements have been linked to the isolated presence of plasmatic aPL, or to primary, or secondary antiphospholipid syndrome. The highest incidence of aPL-related chorea is detected in children and females. The presentation of chorea is usually subacute and the course monophasic. Choreic movements can be focal, unilateral, or generalized. High plasmatic titers of aPL in a choreic patient can suggest the diagnosis of aPL-related chorea; neuroimaging investigation does not provide much additional diagnostic information. The most relevant target of aPL is β2-glycoprotein I, probably responsible for the thrombotic manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome. Etiology of the movement disorder is not well understood but a neurotoxic effect of aPL has been hypothesized, leading to impaired basal ganglia cell function and development of neuroinflammation. Patients affected by aPL-related chorea have an increased risk of thrombosis and should receive antiplatelet or anticoagulant treatment.
As defined by Sanger, chorea is "an ongoing random-appearing sequence of one or more discrete involuntary movements or movement fragments. Movements appear random due to variability in timing, duration, direction, or anatomic location. Each movement may have a distinct start and end point, although these may be difficult to identify since movements are often strung together one immediately following or overlapping with another" (Sanger et al., 2010).
Chorea is a well-known but rare manifestation associated with immune system dysfunction and, particularly, with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL).
The aPL represent a heterogeneous population of auto-antibodies directed against phospholipid binding proteins, phospholipids, and other proteins. The most relevant target of aPL is β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI). Cardiolipin, prothrombin, annexin V, protein C, protein S, and proteins from the kininogen system are less common ligands. Less frequently, aPL are observed to bind to phospholipid groups, such as phosphatidyl-serine, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, phosophatidyl-inositol (Arvieux et al., 1997). Lupus anticoagulant (LAC) is a subclass of aPL, detected by a prolongation of phospholipid-dependent in vitro coagulation assays. High plasmatic titers of aPL are strongly associated with hematologic, obstetric, neurologic, and cutaneous abnormalities.
The first description of aPL dates back to 1906, when these antibodies were recognized for the false positivity in the Wassermann test because of their ability to bind the phospholipids of bovine heart extracts (Wassermann et al., 1906). Only in the early 1980s, aPL were identified for their association with thrombosis (Harris et al., 1983).
Low and non-pathogenic titers of aPL can be detected in 1–5% of healthy people (Petri, 2000), higher levels of aPL are observed in less than 2% of control subjects (Ginsberg et al., 1995). The prevalence increases with advancing age, reaching highest rates in elderly people with coexisting chronic diseases (Petri, 2000).
Genetic and environmental factors affect the appearance of aPL and their clinical expression. A genetic predisposition has been reported by HLA-linked association studies: HLA-DR4, -DR7, -DRw53, and -DQB1*0302 haplotypes have been correlated with aPL occurrence (Sebastiani et al., 2003). Infections or drug exposure can determine the emergence of aPL, usually without clinical manifestations. The hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human herpes virus, adenovirus, and parvovirus B19 are the most common viral infections related to aPL detection; aPL can be also detected in bacterial diseases, such as leprosy and syphilis (Sène et al., 2008). Procainamide, phenothiazines, quinine, oral contraceptives, and anti-TNF agents are the drugs that may induce generation of aPL (Ramos-Casals et al., 2008; Dlott and Roubey, 2012).
The presence of persistently high plasmatic levels of aPL, mainly anticardiolipin (aCL), anti-β2-GPI, and LAC antibodies, represents the pathogenic basis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). APS, also known as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APAS) or Hughes' syndrome, is a systemic autoimmune condition characterized by a hypercoagulable state, responsible for arterial and venous thrombosis, and pregnancy morbidities.
Antiphospholipid syndrome can be defined primary when it elapses in the absence of any underlying autoimmune disorder (PAPS), or secondary when associated with chronic inflammatory conditions (SAPS; Miyakis et al., 2006). The classification retains today only a nosologic role because there is no evidence of clinical differences between these two conditions (Vianna et al., 1994; Cervera et al., 2002).
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common cause of SAPS (Cervera, 2008). The positivity of aPL in SLE patients varies from 12 to 30% for aCL (Cervera et al., 1993; Merkel et al., 1996) to 15–34% for LAC antibodies (Love and Santoro, 1990; Cervera et al., 1993). Symptoms and signs of APS are present in 50–70% of SLE patients with aPL after a follow-up of 20 years (Alarcon-Segovia et al., 1992; Petri, 2000). On the other hand, up to 30% of SLE patients with aCL do not develop clinical thrombotic events or pregnancy problems over an average follow-up of 7 years (Alarcon-Segovia et al., 1992). Transition from PAPS to SLE-associated APS has been reported (Mujic et al., 1995) but it is a relatively uncommon event (Mackworth-Young, 2006).
Immunologic conditions less frequently associated with aPL are lupus-like syndrome, Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, and systemic vasculitis (Ostrowski and Robinson, 2008).
Ischemic stroke, due to arterial thrombosis, represents the most common neurological manifestation and the major cause of morbidity and mortality in APS (Cervera et al., 2009). Several neurological symptoms and movement disorders have been associated with high titers of APL: migraine (20.2%), seizures (7%), multi-infarct dementia (2.5%), chorea (1.3%), acute encephalopathy (1.1%), transient amnesia (0.7%), cerebral venous thrombosis (0.7%), cerebellar ataxia (0.7%), transverse myelopathy (0.4%), hemiballismus (0.3%; Cervera et al., 2009). Isolated reports have concerned parkinsonism-dystonia (Huang et al., 2008), paroxysmal dyskinesias (Engelen and Tijssen, 2005), tics (Seijo-Martinez et al., 2008), and corticobasal degeneration-like syndrome (Morris and Lees, 1999). Sneddon's syndrome, characterized by ischemic vascular disease and livedo reticularis, has also been associated with aPL (Caldas and de Carvalho, 2011). Chorea represents the most common movement disorder (1.3%; Cervera et al., 2009) and constitutes one of 19 SLE related neuropsychiatric manifestations established by the American College of Rheumatology in 1999 (The American College of Rheumatology, 1999).
In 1941 Zeller first described choreic movements as a clinical presentation of SLE (Zeller, 1941) and, more than 30 years later, Hughes related chorea to the presence of aPL in the first description of APS (Hughes, 1984).
Anti-β2-GPI should be considered responsible for the thrombotic manifestation of APS (Viard et al., 1992). Several sub-populations of anti-β2-GPI, capable of binding different domains of β2-GPI, are detectable (Shoenfeld et al., 2003). Only the antibodies directed against the first domain of the protein are related to vascular disorders occurring in APS (de Laat et al., 2009). High levels of β2-GPI are present in plasma but its role is not well understood (de Groot and Meijers, 2011). β2-GPI plays a protective function through scavenging activity: it helps to remove lipopolysaccharides (Agar et al., 2011), cellular debris, apoptotic microparticles, and oxided LDL from circulation and to neutralize toxic molecules, such as nitric oxide and superoxide radicals (Balasubramanian and Schroit, 1998; Matsuura et al., 2009; Abdel-Monem et al., 2010; Passam et al., 2011). β2-GPI seems also to contribute to hemostasis regulation, interfering with von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity, and reducing platelet aggregation (Hulstein et al., 2007).
Thrombosis represents the final result of different pathogenic pathways; clot formation, coagulation cascade, endothelial function, and fibrinolysis are variously impaired in APS (Figure 1). The role of aPL in vascular thrombosis has been widely demonstrated; in the most explanatory experimental test, aPL extracted from patients affected by APS and passively infused in rats caused vessel occlusion of mesenteric microcirculation (Fischetti et al., 2005). In experimental models, aPL can bind to endothelial cells, monocytes, and platelets and promote transductional activities. Several receptors, such as annexin A2 (Romay-Penabad et al., 2009), toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2, TLR4; Pierangeli et al., 2007), apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (Romay-Penabad et al., 2011), and different signaling pathways, such as molecular nuclear-factor-kB (NFkB; Montiel-Manzano et al., 2007) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; Vega-Ostertag et al., 2005), have been reported in APS pathology.
Figure 1. Pathogenic mechanisms of thrombosis in APS. aPL disrupt the coagulation balance in many different ways. They bind directly to blood clotting-proteins, such as prothrombin, protein C, protein S, impairing their activity (Malia et al., 1990; Atsumi et al., 1998; Bertolaccini, 2012). aPL reduce the inhibitory effects of protein C on the procoagulant factors Va and VIIIa, inducing an acquired Activated Protein C Resistance (aAPCR). Protein C dysfunction also prolongs Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity, contributing to fibrinolysis disorder (Urbanus and de Laat, 2010). aPL block the tissue Plasminogen activator (tPA) activity directly and inhibit the ability of annexin 2 to potentiate tPA-mediated plasminogen activation (Krone et al., 2010). aPL stimulate the extrinsic pathway of coagulation through up-regulation of tissue factor (TF) mRNA (Lambrianides et al., 2010). APL damage platelet aggregation process. They increase platelet expression of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GP IIb-IIIa) and synthesis of thromboxane A2 (TXA2; Robbins et al., 1998; Pierangeli et al., 2008); aPL can also reduce the inhibitory activity of β2-GPI on von Willebrand factor (vWF), promoting platelet aggregation (Hulstein et al., 2007). In experimental models aPL generate a proinflammatory state, increasing the secretion of cytokines, such as IL1 and IL6, and promoting the expression of adhesion molecules, such as E-selectin, intracellular cell adhesion molecules 1 (ICAM1), and vascular adhesion molecules 1 (VCAM1; Pierangeli et al., 2008).
Impairment of cerebral circulation was the historical hypothesis used to explain chorea and other movement disorders in APS syndrome. According to this theory, aPL can determine occlusion of lenticulo-striate arteries and produce ischemia of basal ganglia.
Three lines of evidence currently are against this explanation. Firstly, neuroimaging studies have rarely demonstrated ischemic lesions of basal ganglia in patients affected by APS. Secondly, clinical benefits of corticosteroids and other drugs capable of suppressing the immune system support a flogistic/autoimmune hypothesis rather than a vascular theory. Finally, a direct effect of aPL on neuronal tissue is progressively emerging.
Neurological involvement in APS could actually be described as a two-phase process. Initially, aPL could bind to brain endothelium causing endothelial dysfunction (Abbott et al., 2003; Soltesz et al., 2008), leading to microthrombosis and blood vessel inflammation. This causes disruption of the blood-brain-barrier, extravasation of neurotoxic cytokines, and serum proteins, including aPL and activated thrombin (Katzav et al., 2010). In the second phase, aPL could produce direct neural damage. The ability of aPL to bind to neural cell surface has been well-demonstrated. In experimental models, anti-β2-GPI antibodies bind to neuron and astrocyte membranes (Caronti et al., 1998). aPL IgG have been seen to interact with surface-antigens of neuronal cell lines with dopaminergic characteristics (Dale et al., 2011). aPL could modulate neuronal activity in patients affected by aPL-related neuropsychiatric syndromes; these antibodies depolarize synaptic rat brain extracts and may have similar effects in human nerve terminals (Chapman et al., 1999). They could particularly interfere with excitatory pathways through NMDA glutamate receptor over-activation, as demonstrated in rat cerebellar granule cells (Riccio et al., 1998). It has already been proved that aPL can bind cerebral white matter. Immunogold electron microscopy techniques have shown that monoclonal phosphatidylserine-reactive antibodies react strongly with myelin, preferentially with the major dense line formed by the cytoplasmic apposition of the oligodendrocyte plasma membrane (Kent et al., 2000).
Clinical Features
The Euro-Phospholipid Group analyzed the prevalence of the most relevant clinical and immunological features in a total cohort of 1000 APS patients, derived from 13 European countries; this large multicentre study reported a 1.3% prevalence of chorea (Cervera et al., 2009). Chorea represents a typical onset manifestation of APS in childhood (Cervera et al., 2009), whereas it is most often anticipated by thrombotic events or pregnancy morbidity in adulthood.
The main demographic and clinical data of aPL-related chorea come from three studies conducted on large cohorts (Cervera et al., 1997; Orzechowski et al., 2008; Reiner et al., 2011). Table 1 summarizes the most relevant data from these studies. In adulthood aPL-chorea starts early at an average age of 21 years (Cervera et al., 1997; Reiner et al., 2011), but twelve female patients, 10 non-SLE, and two SLE, had a median onset age of chorea of 44 and 33 years, respectively (Orzechowski et al., 2008).
aPL-related chorea is more common in females, with a male-female ratio from 1:2 to 1:24 (Cervera et al., 1997; Orzechowski et al., 2008). Hormonal factors probably determine a higher incidence; chorea presentation is often triggered in women by pregnancy or estroprogestinic therapy (Cervera et al., 1997; Reiner et al., 2011).
It is impossible to say if choreic movements are more common in the condition of isolated aPL positivity than in primary or secondary APS. In Cervera's study, 58% of patients suffered from defined SLE, 12% had lupus-like syndrome, and 30% were affected by PAPS (Cervera et al., 1997). Among SLE patients, 1–3% of adults and 9% of children present choreic movements (Meyer and Kahn, 2000; Joseph et al., 2007; Spinosa et al., 2007). Chorea generally starts within the first year after the onset of SLE, and often precedes the clinical diagnosis (Asherson et al., 1987; Baizabal-Carvallo et al., 2011).
Upon the first encounter with a patient, it may be difficult to clinically distinguish choreic movements associated with aPL from other secondary choreas or specific inherited diseases. As in other hyperkinetic diseases, aPL-related chorea is usually worsened by anxiety and psychological stress and subsides during sleep. In the initial phase, patients attempt to disguise chorea by incorporating it into a purposeful activity; as the disease worsens, the patient can appear fidgety and clumsy.
The presentation of chorea is usually described as subacute, with progressive onset within days or weeks (Orzechowski et al., 2008). aPL-related chorea can involve all body parts; the head, as well as upper and lower extremities can be affected by involuntary movements. Choreic disorder can be unilateral or bilateral: unilateral presentation is common and symptoms often start on one side and successively affect the other (Reiner et al., 2012). aPL-related chorea can be segmental, multifocal, or generalized. Among Orzechowski's cohort, one patient had segmental choreic movements, eight multifocal, and nine generalized (Orzechowski et al., 2008). The severity is usually mild-moderate (Orzechowski et al., 2008). Choreic movements often appear in a single episode and regress spontaneously or through medication. Reiner et al. (2011) calculated the average duration of chorea in their cohort to be 7.44 weeks. Involuntary movements recur in 25–30% of cases and pregnancy commonly favors their recurrence (Cervera et al., 1997; Reiner et al., 2011).
At onset, aPL-related chorea is often associated with other neurological manifestations, as cognitive impairment, ataxia, epilepsy, psychiatric symptoms, migraine, and dystonia (Orzechowski et al., 2008). Chorea has been related to an increased risk of mitral and aortic valvulopathies, which have been reported in 69% of patients with aPL positivity (Reiner et al., 2012).
Neuroimaging Aspects
Several neuroradiological investigations have confirmed the rarity of the association between aPL-related choreic disorder and ischemic pathology of basal ganglia. The percentage of patients with aPL positivity who showed basal ganglia ischemic lesions at cerebral CT, MRI, or both, varied between 6 and 16% in four different studies (Cervera et al., 1997; Galanaud et al., 2000; Orzechowski et al., 2008; Reiner et al., 2011).
An important contribution to the study of aPL-related chorea comes from positron emission tomography (PET) analysis. Cerebral PET studies have revealed 18-FDG increased uptake in the striatum, contralateral to the side with involuntary movements (Furie et al., 1994; Wu et al., 2007). Increased FDG uptake may delineate a flogistic state of basal ganglia and can be explained by glucose uptake by infiltrated lymphocytes and resident microglial cells.
There are currently no diagnostic criteria for aPL-related chorea. The appearance of choreic movements in patients with isolated aPL positivity, PAPS, or SAPS should suggest this condition. Anamnestic data, such as no family history of movement disorders and lack of previous streptococcal infections; a careful clinical assessment with the exclusion of specific systemic, neurologic, and psychiatric symptoms; and laboratoristic and neuroradiologic exams may exclude other causes of chorea. aPL-related chorea is common in children and it is important to exclude other possible causes, such as Sydenham's chorea, benign hereditary chorea, DNA repair diseases (ataxia-telangiectasia, ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 and 2), Wilson's disease, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (Walker, 2011).
According to the Sydney criteria revision (Miyakis et al., 2006), to make a diagnosis of APS, the patient must present at least one clinical manifestation of vascular thrombosis or unexplained pregnancy morbidity, and elevated levels of aPL in the plasma. Vascular events include episodes of arterial, venous, or small-vessel thrombosis in any tissue or organ with radiological or histopathological confirmation. Pregnancy morbidity includes at least one of the following: three or more consecutive miscarriages before the 10th gestation week; one or more premature births related to eclampsia, severe preeclampsia, or placental insufficiency before 34 weeks; one or more unexplained fetal losses at or beyond the tenth week of gestation (Miyakis et al., 2006).
Antiphospholipid syndrome recent diagnostic criteria do not consider neuropsychiatric manifestations, despite progressive emerging evidence of a direct interaction of aPL on neural tissue. In our opinion, association of chorea alone with aPL positivity and exclusion of all other relevant causes of acquired or genetic chorea, should suggest a diagnosis of possible APS. This condition may be definable also as "pre APS" because it may anticipate the appearance of thrombotic manifestations (Asherson, 2006; Reiner et al., 2011).
Regarding the available serological assays, aCL and β2-GPI, of both IgM and IgG class, are detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), LAC by phospholipid-dependent clotting assay. International standards for LAC positivity include prolongation of aPL-dependent clotting assay, evidence of inhibition demonstrated by mixing studies, evidence of aPL dependence, and a lack of specific inhibition of any coagulation factor (Wisløff et al., 2002). To allow a diagnosis of APS, persistent aPL positivity must be confirmed on two occasions with an interval of at least 12 weeks (Miyakis et al., 2006).
Although antibodies against β2-GPI are considered responsible of APS, anti-β2-GPI assay does not correlate with the clinical manifestation of thrombosis and fetal loss (Urbanus et al., 2009). Anti-β2-GPI consist in a heterogeneous group of antibodies, only a few of which are responsible for tissue damage. When associated with infections or drug exposure, these antibodies may have no pathogenic role (Shoenfeld et al., 2003; Sène et al., 2008; Dlott and Roubey, 2012). As a functional test, LAC is the most powerful predictor of pathology in APS (Galli et al., 2003). This finding is also confirmed in patients affected by aPL-related chorea: the percentage of LAC positivity varies between 84 and 92% of cases (Cervera et al., 1997; Reiner et al., 2011).
Therapeutic Aspects
From a neurological standpoint, therapeutic targets in patients affected by aPL-related chorea are the primary or secondary prevention of ischemic accidents and the remission of movement disorders.
There have been no clinic trials on the primary prevention of ischemic stroke in APS; the use of antiplatelet therapy may be useful in individuals with persistently high levels of aPL, especially those with other cardiovascular risk factors (Ruffatti et al., 2011). In individuals affected by recurrent arteriothrombotic events, therapeutic management should include long-term warfarin treatment (Pengo et al., 2012).
Many different therapeutic strategies have been developed for the management of movement disorders associated with aPL. Discontinuation of trigger treatments, such as estroprogestinic therapy, and introduction of anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents represent the first therapeutic step toward chorea remission. In the case of failure, several drugs can be used. Traditional neuroleptics, such as haloperidol (0.01–0.05 mg/kg/die), have proven effective on neural circuits responsible for choreic disorder. This treatment should not last more than 4–8 weeks to avoid the risk of irreversible tardive dyskinesia. Atypical neuroleptics and xenazine could represent effective alternatives. Otherwise, the flogistic/autoimmune etiology of the disorder justifies the recourse to drugs which suppress the immune system, especially steroids. The available studies do not suggest the superiority of one drug over another, particularly because two or more drugs have often been associated. Retrospective analysis on 30 patients showed approximately equal efficacy for steroids and neuroleptics when added on to previous therapy (Reiner et al., 2011). In the absence of remission, a multidrug treatment should be started; combination therapy with haloperidol and steroids has often proven effective in cases of monotherapy failure (Cervera et al., 1997). In addition to symptomatic therapy with dopamine antagonists, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommends the combination of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide) to control disease activity (Bertsias et al., 2010).
Isolated case reports suggest the use of intravenous immunoglobulins, plasmapheresis, and treatment with monoclonal antibodies (rituximab) as additional therapeutic options for patients who do not respond to conventional drugs (Lazurova et al., 2007; Tsagalis et al., 2010).
The Medline database was searched, using the following terms, both alone and in combinations: "antiphospholipid syndrome," "antiphospholipid antibody syndrome," "Hughes' syndrome," "APS," "aCL antibodies," "anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies," "LAC." The terms were cross-linked with the neurological manifestations of chorea, dyskinesia, hyperkinesias, and involuntary movement. Available articles published in English, French, and German between the years 1980 and 2012 were reviewed. References noted in relevant articles were also revised. Not all publications accessed are addressed in the article.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
The authors thank Josh Williams for checking the English of this article.
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Keywords: antiphospholipid syndrome, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, Hughes' syndrome, APS, anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, chorea
Citation: Peluso S, Antenora A, De Rosa A, Roca A, Maddaluno G, Morra VB and De Michele G (2012) Antiphospholipid-related chorea. Front. Neur. 3:150. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2012.00150
Received: 18 July 2012; Accepted: 02 October 2012;
Published online: 22 October 2012.
Edited by:Maria Fiorella Contarino, Academic Medical Center, Netherlands
Reviewed by:Stephen G. Reich, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
Alberto J. Espay, University of Cincinnati, USA
Copyright: © 2012 Peluso, Antenora, De Rosa, Roca, Maddaluno, Morra and De Michele. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.
*Correspondence: Silvio Peluso, Department of Neurological Sciences, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy. e-mail: email@example.com


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Celebrate Mother's Day with America World!
This Sunday, May 8th, is Mother's Day and we would love to have you celebrate with us by sharing your Mother's Day photos on our social media pages! Share a photo of mom with kids, mom with the entire family, or just mom enjoying her day (Dads, be sure to help out)!
All day Sunday we want to see your Mother's Day photos. Share your favorite photo on America World's Facebook or America World's Instagram at @AmericaWorldAdoption and tag with #AWMom !


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Kathryn Ludwig comes to us from Purdue University, where she earned her Ph.D. in English, specializing in twentieth-century American literature and Jewish philosophy. She has published articles on the topic of the postsecular in contemporary literature and is an officer for the American Religion and Literature Society. She will be teaching courses in composition and literature.
How would you describe your perspective on teaching?
Differentiation is very important to me in the classroom. Every class is made up of people with different backgrounds and learning styles. I seek to bring my own passion for the subject matter into contact with each student's disposition toward learning in the given context. My responsibility is to teach in ways that will be meaningful to my diverse audience. Thus, my work as an instructor begins with learning. Continue reading


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I recently visited the GNCCF with fellow students from my course at Cleveland College of Art and Design and, besides being a great opportunity to do some market research, I found the whole experience truly inspirational. There are certainly some very talented people out there and I was delighted to find specialists in lampshades as this is an area I plan to design for in my Final Major Project. Check out the printed designs of Laura Slater, the delicate cut work of Hannah Nunn and the very different wooden shades of Jane Blease.
Suzie Johnson


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by David B. Feldman, Ph.D. & S. Andrew
Lasher, Jr., M.D.
with a foreword by Ira Byock, M.D
"The End-of-Life Handbook illumines the opacity which cloaks life's final chapter. Acknowledging the universal fear of the unknown, Feldman and Lasher light the trail which leads patients and families to reconciliation with life's last challenge."
- Walter M. Bortz, MD, Author of We Die too Long and Live too Short, and Living Longer for Dummies
Advanced technology has afforded people the opportunity to live with severe medical conditions for greater periods of time than ever in history. People may be told that they have a life-threatening disease a year or more in advance of passing away. A side effect of this reality is that patients and their families are facing unprecedented choices about how and where the death will occur. They often must choose between treatments that may extend life but cause significant side effects and hospice care that focuses on comfort but may mean foregoing other treatments. They confront endless medical opinions and receive little guidance in how to decide among them. Given such remarkably difficult choices, it's not surprising that many family caregivers say that for them the grieving process begins before their loved one passes away.
The authors of The End-of-Life Handbook a psychologist and a medical doctor have attended the bedsides of countless patients, helping families navigate these difficult choices and the emotional turmoil that accompanies them. Their approach has been to offer practical advice, clearly explaining medical information, treatment options, and practical decisions that must be made; however, they feel it is equally important to stress the opportunities for hope, personal control, and loving family connection that exist right until the end. After such conversations, family members often ask them to recommend books to guide them. Now they have written the perfect one.
The End-of-Life Handbook, recently released from New Harbinger Publications, addresses a true balance of medical, practical, and emotional issues. Written in jargon-free language that is accessible to anyone, it helps families understand the complicated medical system, consider important care decisions, tackle practical issues such as wills and advanced directives, as well as cope with the emotional turmoil and daily stresses that often accompany chronic and life-threatening illness. It also features a foreword by noted palliative care physician Ira Byock, MD, author of Dying Well and The Four Things that Matter Most. Although the book tackles many emotional topics, it carefully avoids the "doom-and-gloom" trap. Instead, it emphasizes the opportunity for hope, inspiration, meaning, and human connection at the end of life.
Book description
Table of contents
Foreword by Ira Byock, M.D. Radio/TV interviews
Author bios Advance praise Order on Amazon.com


text: Situated in Pula, this air-conditioned apartment features a patio. The unit is 6 km from Pula Arena. There is a dining area and a kitchen. A TV is provided. There is a private bathroom with a shower. Pula Aquarium is 2.5 km from Apartment Banjole 3002a, while Lungomare is 4 km away. The nearest airport is Pula Airport, 10 km from Apartment Banjole 3002a....Read more