text:
20th October
Birth of the Báb * - Baha'i (begins sundown on previous day).
The Báb, whose birth name was Sayyed ʿAli Muhammad Shirāzi (/ˈseɪ.jədˈæ.liː.moʊˈhæ.məd.ʃiˈrɑːzi/, Persian: سيد علی محمد شیرازی; October 20, 1819 – July 9, 1850), was the founder of Bábism, and one of three central figures of the Azali and Bahá'í Faiths. He was a merchant from Shiraz in Qajar Iran who, at the age of twenty-four (on the evening of May 22, 1844), claimed to be an inspired interpreter of the Qur'an within the Shaykhi school of Twelver Shi'ism. In a series of several stages, he first introduced himself as the Báb (/ˈbɑːb/, Arabic: باب) (meaning "Gate" or "Door") to the Promised Twelver Mahdi or al-Qá'im, then the Mahdi himself, then the Prophet of a New Age, and finally, as the essence of God and his being. [2] He composed numerous letters and books in which he stated his messianic claims and defined his teachings, which constituted a new sharia. His movement eventually acquired thousands of supporters, was opposed by Iran's Shi'i clergy, and was suppressed by the Iranian government, leading to the persecution and killing of between two and three thousand of his followers, called Bábís. In 1850, at the age of thirty, the Báb was shot by a firing squad in Tabriz..
Bahá'ís claim that the Báb was also the spiritual return of Elijah and John the Baptist, that he was the saoshyant referred to in Zoroastrianism, [3] and that he was the forerunner of their own religion. Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith, was a follower of the Báb and claimed to be the fulfillment of his promise that God would send another messenger. [4].
Ali Muhammad was born on October 20, 1819, in Shiraz to a middle-class merchant of the city. His father was Muhammad Ridá, and his mother was Fátimih (1800–1881), a daughter of a prominent merchant in Shiraz (she later became a Bahá'í). His father died while he was quite young and the boy was raised by his maternal uncle, Hájí Mírzá Siyyid `Alí, who was also a merchant. [5] [6] He claimed to be a descendant from Muhammad (a sayyid) through Husayn ibn Ali through both his parents. [7] [8] [9] When he was in Shiraz his uncle sent him to maktab (primary school) and he was there for six or seven years. [10] [11] Sometime between when he was 15 and 20, he joined his uncle in the family business, a trading house, and became a merchant in the city of Bushehr, Iran, near the Persian Gulf. [5] [10] Some of his earlier writings suggest that he did not enjoy the family business and instead applied himself to the study of religious literature. [10] One of his contemporary followers described him as "very taciturn, and [he] would never utter a word unless it was absolutely necessary. He did not even answer our questions. He was constantly absorbed in his own thoughts, and was preoccupied with repetition of his prayers and verses. He is described as a handsome man with a thin beard, dressed in clean clothes, wearing a green shawl and a black turban." [12].
An English physician described the young man by saying: "He was a very mild and delicate-looking man, rather small in stature and very fair for a Persian, with a melodious soft voice, which struck me much". [13].
Marriage [edit].
In 1842 he married Khadíjih-Bagum (1822–1882); he was 23 and she was 20. [10] She was the daughter of a prominent merchant in Shíráz. The marriage proved to be a happy one, [14] and they had one child, a boy named Ahmad who died the year he was born (1843). [14] The pregnancy jeopardized Khadijih's life and she never conceived again. The young couple occupied a modest house in Shiraz along with the Báb's mother. Later, Khadijeh became a Bahá'í..
The Shaykhi movement [edit].
In the 1790s in Persia, Shaykh Ahmad (1753–1826) began a religious movement within Twelver Shia Islam. His followers, who became known as Shaykhis, were expecting the imminent appearance of the al-Qa'im of the Ahl al-Bayt also called "the Mahdi". After the death of Shaykh Ahmad, leadership was passed on to Kazim Rashti (1793–1843)..
In 1841 the Báb went on pilgrimage to Iraq, and for seven months stayed mostly in and around Karbala. [15] There he is believed to have met Kazim Rashti, who showed a high regard for him. [5] He is believed to have attended some of Kazim Rashti's lectures; however, this period is almost entirely undocumented. [10].
As of his death in December 1843, Kazim Rashti counselled his followers to leave their homes to seek the Mahdi, who, according to his prophecies, would soon appear. [5] One of these followers, Mullá Husayn, after keeping vigil for forty days in a mosque, travelled to Shiraz, where he met the Báb. [16].
Declaration to Mullá Husayn [edit]. The room where the Declaration of the Báb took place on the evening of 22 May 1844, in his house in Shiraz..
The Báb's first religious inspiration experience claimed, witnessed by his wife, is dated to about the evening of 3 April 1844. [17] The Báb's first public connection with his sense of a mission came with the arrival of Mullá Husayn in Shiraz. On the night of 22 May Mullá Husayn was invited by the Báb to his home; on that night Mullá Husayn told him that he was searching for the possible successor to Kazim Rashti, the Promised One. The Báb told Mullá Husayn that he was Kazim Rashti's successor and the bearer of divine knowledge. [10] Mullá Husayn became the first to accept the Báb's claims to be an inspired figure and a likely successor to Kazim Rashti. [5] [10] The Báb had replied satisfactorily to all of Mullá Husayn's questions and had written in his presence, with extreme rapidity, a long tafsir (commentary) on surah "Yusuf", which has come to be known as the Qayyúmu'l-Asmá' and is considered the Báb's first revealed work. [5].
Letters of the Living [edit].
Mullá Husayn was the Báb's first disciple. Within five months, seventeen other disciples of Kazim Rashti had recognized the Báb as a Manifestation of God. [18] Among them was one woman, Fátimih Zarrín Táj Baragháni, a poet, who later received the name of Táhirih (the Pure). These 18 disciples were later to be known as the Letters of the Living and were given the task of spreading the new faith across Iran and Iraq. [10] The Báb emphasized the spiritual station of these 18 individuals, who, along with himself, made the first "Unity" of his religion [19] (in Arabic, the term wāhid "unity" has a numerical value of 19 using abjad numerals). The Báb, in his book the Persian Bayán, gives the metaphorical identity of the Letters of the Living as the Fourteen Infallibles of Twelver Shi'i Islam (Muhammad, the Twelve Imams, and Fatimah) and the four archangels. [19] In some ways, they parallel the Twelve Apostles of Christ. [20].
Proclamation [edit].
In his early writings, the Báb appears to identify himself as the gate (báb) to the Hidden Twelfth Imam, and later he begins explicitly to proclaim his station as that of the Hidden Imam and a new messenger from God. [21] Rather than being a discontinued or evolving consciousness, Saiedi states that the works of the Báb are unitary throughout, and that the gradual disclosure of the Báb's identity is defined by the principle of unity in diversity throughout reality. [21].
The Báb stood on this pulpit in the Masjid-i-Vakíl, addressing the populace of Shiraz in September 1846.
In the Báb's early writings, the exalted identity he was claiming was unmistakable, but because of the reception of the people, his writings appear to convey the impression that he is only the gate to the Hidden Twelfth Imam. [21] To his circle of early believers, the Báb was equivocal about his exact status, gradually confiding in them that he was not merely a gate to the Hidden Imam, but the Manifestation of the Hidden Imam and the Qa'im himself. [22] During his early meetings with Mullá Husayn, the Báb described himself as the Master and the Promised One; he did not consider himself to be simply Kazim Rashti's successor, but claimed a prophetic status, a kind of deputy, delegated not just by the Hidden Imam but through Divine authority. [23] His early texts such as the "Commentary on the Surih of Joseph" used Quranic language that implied divine authority and identified himself effectively with the Imam. [10] [24] When Mullá `Alí Basṭámí, the second Letter of the Living, was put on trial in Baghdad for preaching about the Báb, clerics studied the "Commentary on the Surih of Joseph," recognized in it a claim to divine revelation, and quoted from it extensively to prove that the author had made a messianic claim. [24].
However, in the early phase of his declaration to the public, the title báb was emphasized as that of the gate leading to the Hidden Imam, as the Báb had told his early believers not to fully disclose his claims or reveal his name. [25] The approach of laying claim to a lower position was intended to create a sense of anticipation for the appearance of the Hidden Imam, as well to avoid persecution and imprisonment, because a public proclamation of mahdi status could have brought upon the Báb a swift penalty of death. [25] After a couple of months, as the Báb observed further acceptance and readiness among his believers and the public, he gradually shifted his public claim to that of the Hidden Imam. [25] Then in his final years he publicly announced his station as a Manifestation of God; in his trial, he boldly proclaimed himself, in the presence of the Heir to the Throne of Persia and other notables, to be the Promised One. [25] [26] Finally, in his last authored work, the Haykal al-din, [27] the Bab claimed that he was the "essence of God" (dhātu 'llāh). [28] In the early months of his public declarations, the adoption of a cautious policy had essentially achieved maximum attention with minimum controversy. [25].
The gradual unfolding of his claims, however, did cause some confusion, both among the public and for some of his believers. A number of his early followers had instantly recognized his station as a messenger from God with divine authority, and this resulted in disagreement within the Bábi community. [25] Furthermore, even though the Báb had intended to convey his message with discretion, many of his followers (such as Táhirih) openly declared the coming of the promised Hidden Imam and Mahdi. [25].
Travels and imprisonment [edit].
After the eighteen Letters of the Living had recognized him, the Báb and the eighteenth Letter of the Living, Quddús, left on a pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, the sacred cities of Islam. [10] At the Kaaba in Mecca, the Báb publicly declared his claim to be the Qa'im. [29] He also wrote to the Sharif of Mecca, the Custodian of the Kaaba, proclaiming his mission. After their pilgrimage, the Báb and Quddús returned to Bushehr, Iran. [6].
After some time, preaching by the Letters of the Living led to opposition by the Islamic clergy, prompting the Governor of Shiraz to order the Báb's arrest. The Báb, upon hearing of the arrest order, left Bushehr for Shiraz in June 1845 and presented himself to the authorities. He was placed under house arrest at the home of his uncle until a cholera epidemic broke out in the city in September 1846. [10] The Báb was released and departed for Isfahan. There, many came to see him at the house of the imam jum'a, head of the local clergy, who became sympathetic. After an informal gathering where the Báb debated the local clergy and displayed his speed in producing instantaneous verses, his popularity soared. [30] After the death of the governor of Isfahan, Manouchehr Khan Gorji, who had become his supporter, pressure from the clergy of the province led to the Shah, Mohammad Shah Qajar, ordering the Báb to Tehran in January 1847. [31] After spending several months in a camp outside Tehran, and before the Báb could meet the Shah, the Prime Minister sent the Báb to Tabriz in the northwestern corner of the country, where he was confined. [10].
Fortress of Maku, Iran (2008).
After forty days in Tabriz, the Báb was then transferred to the fortress of Maku, Iran in the province of Azerbaijian close to the Turkish border. During his incarceration there, the Báb began his most important work, the Persian Bayán, which he never finished. Because of the Báb's growing popularity in Maku and the governor of Maku converting, the prime minister transferred him to the fortress of Chehriq in April 1848. [5] In that place as well, the Báb's popularity grew and his jailors relaxed restrictions on him. It was at this time that Áqa Bálá Big Shíshvání Naqshbandí painted the portrait of the Báb. [32] The Prime Minister ordered the Báb back to Tabriz, where the government called on religious authorities to put the Báb on trial for blasphemy and apostasy. [10].
Trial [edit].
The trial, attended by the Crown Prince, occurred in July 1848 and involved numerous local clergy. They questioned the Báb about the nature of his claims, his teachings, and demanded that he produce miracles to prove his divine authority. They admonished him to recant his claims. There are nine extant eyewitness reports of the trial, of which several may originate from an earlier source. Six of the reports are from Muslim accounts, and portray the Báb in an unfavourable light. [26] There are 62 questions that are found in the nine sources, however eighteen occur in only one source, fifteen in two, eight in three, five in four, thirteen in five, and three in six. Not including "yes" and "he did not answer", there are thirty-five answers, of which ten occur in one source, eight in two, six in three, three in four, two in five, five in six. Only one answer is found in all nine eyewitness sources, where the Báb states that "I am that person you have been awaiting for one thousand years." [26].
The trial did not bring a decisive result. Some clergy called for capital punishment, but the government pressured them to issue a lenient judgement because the Báb was popular. The government asked medical experts to declare the Báb insane so that he could not be executed. It is also likely that the government, to appease the religious clergy, spread rumours that the Báb had recanted. [33].
The Shaykh al-Islām, a champion of the anti-Bábist campaign, who was not at the Báb's trial, issued a conditional death sentence if the Báb was found to be sane. A fatwa was issued establishing the Báb's apostasy and stated "The repentance of an incorrigible apostate is not accepted, and the only thing which has caused the postponement of thy execution is a doubt as to thy sanity of mind." [33].
The crown prince's physician, William Cormick, examined the Báb and complied with the government's request to find grounds for clemency. [26] The physician's opinion saved the Báb from execution for a time, but the clergy insisted that he face corporal punishment instead, so the Báb suffered foot whipping (twenty lashes to the bottoms of his feet). [33].
The unsigned and undated official government report states that because of his harsh beating, the Báb (orally and in writing) recanted, apologized, and stated that he would not continue to advance claims of divinity. [34] The document of his alleged recantation was written shortly after his trial in Tabriz. [26] Some authors theorise that the assertions were made to embarrass the Báb and undermine his credibility with the public and that the language of this document is very different from the Báb's usual style; it could have been prepared by the authorities. [33].
Edward Browne received copies of the trial documents from Hippolyte Dreyfus-Barney (fr), the first French Baha'i. A facsimile of the recantation is published in Browne's Materials for the Study of the Babi Religion, where he states, " [The document], unsigned and undated, is apparently in the Báb's handwriting and consists of a complete recantation and renunciation of any superhuman claim which he may have advanced or have appeared to advance. There is nothing to show to whom it is addressed, or whether it is the recantation referred to in the last paragraph of the [government report] or another. The handwriting, though graceful, is not easily legible..." [35] This is a translation of the relevant section of the document:. Never have I desired aught contrary to the Will of God, and, if words contrary to His good pleasure have flowed from my pen, my object was not disobedience, and in any case I repent and ask forgiveness of Him. This servant has absolutely no knowledge connected with any [superhuman] claim. I ask forgiveness of God my Lord and I repent unto Him of [the idea] that there should be ascribed to me any [Divine] Mission. As for certain prayers and words which have flowed from my tongue, these do not imply any such Mission (amr), and any [apparent] claim to any special vicegerency for His Holiness the Proof of God (on whom be Peace!) is a purely baseless claim, such as this servant has never put forward, nay, nor any claim like unto it. [36].
After the trial, the Báb was ordered back to the fortress of Chehríq..
Execution [edit].
Main article: Execution of the BábIn mid-1850 a new prime-minister, Amir Kabir, [37] ordered the execution of the Báb, probably because various Bábí insurrections had been defeated and the movement's popularity appeared to be waning. The Báb was brought back to Tabriz from Chehriq for an execution by firing squad. The night before his execution, as he was being conducted to his cell, a young Bábí, Muhammad-Ali "Anis" from Zonuz, threw himself at the feet of the Báb and begged to be killed with him. He was immediately arrested and placed in the same cell as the Báb..
On the morning of July 9, 1850, the Báb was taken to the courtyard of the barracks in which he was being held, where thousands of people had gathered to watch his execution. The Báb and Anís were suspended on a wall and a large firing squad of Christian soldiers prepared to shoot. [10] Numerous eye-witness reports, including those of Western diplomats, recount the result. [38] The order was given to fire and the barracks square filled with musket smoke. When it cleared, the Báb was no longer in the courtyard and his companion stood there unharmed; the bullets apparently had not harmed either man, but had cut the rope suspending them from the wall. [39] There was a great commotion, many in the crowd believing the Báb had ascended to heaven or simply disappeared. But the soldiers subsequently found the Báb in another part of the barracks, completely unharmed, giving his final instructions to his secretary. He and Anis were tied up for execution a second time, a second firing squad of Muslim soldiers was ranged in front of them, and a second order to fire was given. This time, the Báb and his companion were killed. [10] In Bábí and Bahá'í tradition, the failure of the first firing squad to kill the Báb is believed to have been a miracle. Their remains were dumped outside the gates of the town to be eaten by animals..
The remains, however, were clandestinely rescued by a handful of Bábis and were hidden. Over time the remains were secretly transported according to instructions of Bahá'u'lláh and then `Abdu'l-Bahá by way of Isfahan, Kirmanshah, Baghdad and Damascus, to Beirut and thence by sea to Acre on the plain below Mount Carmel in 1899. [40] On March 21, 1909, the remains were then interred in a special tomb, the Shrine of the Báb, erected for this purpose by `Abdu'l-Bahá, on Mount Carmel in present-day Haifa, Israel. [41] The Bahá'í World Centre is located close to this site and visitors are welcome to tour the gardens..
Succession [edit].
Main article: Bahá'í/Bábí split. . Shrine of the Báb.
In most of his prominent writings, The Báb alluded to a Promised One, most commonly referred to as man yazhiruhu'lláh, "Him Whom God shall make manifest", and that he himself was "but a ring upon the hand of Him Whom God shall make manifest." Within 20 years of the Báb's death, over 25 people claimed to be the Promised One, most significantly Bahá'u'lláh..
Before the Báb's death, he sent a letter to Mírzá Yahyá, titled Subh-i-Azal, which some consider to be a will and testament. [42] The letter is recognized as appointing Subh-i-Azal to be the leader of the Bábí community after the death of the Báb. He is also ordered to obey the Promised One when he appears. [43] At the time Subh-i-Azal was still a teenager, had never demonstrated leadership in the Bábí movement, and was still living in the house of his older brother, Bahá'u'lláh. All of this lends credence to the Bahá'í claim that the Báb appointed Subh-i-Azal the head of the Bábí Faith so as to divert attention away from Bahá'u'lláh, while allowing Bábís to visit Bahá'u'lláh and consult with him freely, and allowing Bahá'u'lláh to write to Bábís easily and freely. There is a long history in Shia Islam of hidden leaders, with their deputies wielding the true power (the four bábs themselves are the first examples of this, as is Ali-Muhammad's choice of the title "the Báb")..
Bahá'u'lláh claimed that in 1852, while a prisoner in Tehran, he was visited by a "Maid of Heaven", which symbolically marked the beginning of his mission as a Messenger of God. Ten years later in Baghdad, he made his first public declaration and eventually was recognized by the vast majority of Bábís as "He Whom God shall make manifest". His followers began calling themselves Bahá'ís. [44].
Subh-i-Azal continued to live with or close to Bahá'u'lláh throughout the latter's exiles from Iran to Baghdad and then to Istanbul and Edirne, even though Bahá'u'lláh's claim to be a Manifestation of God in 1863 theoretically rendered moot Subh-i-Azal's authority as the head of the Bábí community. In September 1867, in Edirne, the rival claims to authority came to a head. Subh-i-Azal challenged Bahá'u'lláh to a test of the divine will in a local mosque in Edirne such that "God would strike down the impostor". Bahá'u'lláh agreed and went to the Yavuz Selim Mosque at the appointed time, but Subh-i-Azal failed to show up. [45].
Subh-i-Azal's followers became known as Azalis or Azali Bábís. For the Bábís who did not recognize Bahá'u'lláh, Subh-i-Azal remained their leader until his death in 1912. Whether or not he had a successor is disputed. Bahá'í sources report that 11 of the 18 "witnesses" appointed by Subh-i-Azal to oversee the Bábí community became Bahá'ís, as well as his son. The man allegedly appointed by Subh-i-Azal to succeed him, Hadíy-i-Dawlat-Abádí, later publicly recanted his faith in the Báb and Subh-i-Azal. [46].
Ultimately, Bahá'u'llah emerged more successful and nearly all of the Báb's followers abandoned Subh-i-Azal and became Bahá'ís. Today Bahá'ís have several million followers, while estimates of the number of Azalís are generally around one thousand, isolated in Iran. [47].
Teachings [edit].
Main article: Teachings of the Báb.
The Báb's teachings can be grouped into three broad stages which each have a dominant thematic focus. His earliest teachings are primarily defined by his interpretation of the Quran and hadith. While this interpretive mode continues throughout all three stages of his teachings, a shift takes place where his emphasis moves to philosophical elucidation and finally to legislative pronouncements. In the second philosophical stage, the Báb gives an explanation of the metaphysics of being and creation, and in the third legislative stage his mystical and historical principles are explicitly united. [48] An analysis of the Báb's writings throughout the three stages shows that all of his teachings were animated by a common principle that had multiple dimensions and forms. [49].
Writings [edit].
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Báb .
Most of the writings of the Báb have been lost. The Báb himself stated they exceeded five hundred thousand verses in length; the Qur'an, in contrast, is 6300 verses in length. If one assumes 25 verses per page, that would equal 20,000 pages of text. [50] Nabíl-i-Zarandí, in The Dawn-breakers, mentions nine complete commentaries on the Qur'an, revealed during the Báb's imprisonment at Maku, which have been lost without a trace. [51] Establishing the true text of the works that are still extant, as already noted, is not always easy, and some texts will require considerable work. Others, however, are in good shape; several of the Báb's major works are available in the handwriting of his trusted secretaries. [52].
Most works were revealed in response to specific questions by Bábís. This is not unusual; the genre of the letter has been a venerable medium for composing authoritative texts as far back as the Paul the Apostle. Three quarters of the chapters of the New Testament are letters, were composed to imitate letters, or contain letters within them. [53] Sometimes the Báb revealed works very rapidly by chanting them in the presence of a secretary and eyewitnesses..
The Archives Department at the Bahá'í World Centre currently holds about 190 Tablets of the Báb. [54] Excerpts from several principal works have been published in the only English-language compilation of the Báb's writings: Selections from the Writings of the Báb. Denis MacEoin, in his Sources for Early Bābī Doctrine and History, gives a description of many works; much of the following summary is derived from that source. In addition to major works, the Báb revealed numerous letters to his wife and followers, many prayers for various purposes, numerous commentaries on verses or chapters of the Qur'an, and many khutbihs or sermons (most of which were never delivered). Many of these have been lost; others have survived in compilations. [55].
The Báb has been criticized for his inconsistent use of correct and incorrect Arabic grammar in his religious works, though in his Arabic letters made very few mistakes. [56] A reason for this inconsistency could be to distinguish those who could not see past the outer form of the words from those that could understand the deeper meaning of his message. [56] [57].
Writings before his declaration [edit].
Todd Lawson noted this in his doctoral dissertation about the Báb's Tafsir on Surah al-Baqara. [58] This tafsir was started by the Báb in November or December 1843, some six months before declaring his mission. The first half was completed by February or March 1844; the second half was revealed after the Báb's declaration. It is the only work of the Báb's revealed before his declaration that has survived intact. It also sheds light on the Báb's attitude toward Twelver beliefs. [59] His wife also refers to important episodes before his declaration. [60].
Shiraz, May – September 1844 [edit].
The first chapter of the Qayyúmu'l-Asmá' ("Tafsir on the Surah Yusuf") [61] was written by the Báb on the evening of his declaration to Mullá Husayn, on the evening of May 22, 1844. The entire work, which is several hundred pages in length and is considered to be revelation by Bahá'ís, required forty days to write; it is one of the Báb's longer Arabic works. It was widely distributed in the first year of the Bábí movement, functioning as something of a Qur'an or Bible for the Bábís. In the book the Báb states his claim to be a Manifestation of God, though the claim is disguised with other statements that he is the servant of the Hidden Imám. [62] Táhirih translated the work into Persian..
Sahífih-yi-makhzúnih, revealed before his departure for Mecca in September 1844, and consists of a collection of fourteen prayers, mostly to be recited on specific holy days and festivals. Its content remained within the expectations of Islam. [63].
Pilgrimage, September 1844 – June 1845 [edit].
During his 9 1⁄2-month pilgrimage to Mecca, the Báb composed many works:.
Khasá'il-i-sab`ih: A work composed by the Báb on his sea journey back to Bushehr after his pilgrimage, which listed some regulations to be followed by the Bábí community. A copy of the manuscript probably still exists in Iran. [64].
Kitáb-i-Rúḥ ("Book of the Spirit"): This book contains 700 or 900 verses and was written while the Báb was sailing back to Bushehr from pilgrimage. The original was nearly destroyed when the Báb was arrested. Several manuscript copies are extant. [65].
Sahífih baynu'l-haramayn ("Treatise Between the Two Sanctuaries"): This Arabic work was written while the Báb traveled from Mecca to Medina in early 1845 and is in response to questions posed to him by a prominent Shaykhí leader. [66].
Kitáb-i-Fihrist ("The Book of the Catalogue"): A list of the Báb's works, composed by the Báb himself after he returned from pilgrimage to Mecca, June 21, 1845. It is a bibliography of his earliest writings. [67].
Bushehr and Shiraz, March 1845 – September 1846 [edit].
The Báb was in Bushehr March through June 1845, then in Shiraz..
Sahífih-yi-Ja`fariyyih: The Báb wrote this treatise to an unknown correspondent in 1845. Over a hundred pages in length, it states many of his basic teachings, especially in relation to some Shaykhi beliefs. [68].
Tafsír-i-Súrih-i-Kawthar ("Tafsir on the Surah al-Kawthar"): The Báb wrote this commentary for Yahyá Dárábí Vahíd while he was in Shiraz; it is the most important work revealed during the Shiraz period. Though the surah is only three verses in length, being the shortest in the Qur'an, the commentary on it is over two hundred pages in length. The work was widely distributed, and at least a dozen early manuscripts are extant. [69].
Isfahan, September 1846 – March 1847 [edit].
Nubuvvih khásish: This work, of fifty pages' length, was revealed in two hours in response to a question by Governor Manouchehr Khan Gorji. It discusses the special prophethood of Muhammad, an important subject discussed in debates between Muslims and Christians. [70].
Tafsír-i-Súrih-i-va'l-`asr (Commentary on the Surah al-'Aṣr): This is one of the two important works the Báb penned in Isfahan. It was written spontaneously and publicly in response to a request by Mir Sayyid Muhammad, the chief cleric of the city; much of it was written in one evening, to the astonishment to those present. [71].
Maku, late summer 1847 – May 1848 [edit].
The Báb left Isfahan in March 1847, sojourned outside Tehran several months, then was sent to a fortress at Maku, Iran, close to the Turkish border. It witnessed the composition of some of the Báb's most important works..
Persian Bayán: This is undoubtedly the most important work of the Báb and contains a mature summary of his teachings. It was composed in Maku in late 1847 or early 1848. The work consists of nine chapters titled váhids or "unities", which in turn are usually subdivided into nineteen bábs or "gates"; the one exception is the last unity, which has only ten bábs. The Báb explained that it would be the task of "He Whom God shall make manifest" to complete the work; Bahá'ís believe Bahá'u'lláh's Kitáb-i-Íqán to be the completion of the Bayán. Each unity begins with an Arabic summary of its contents, which makes it easier to read than many of the Báb's works. Extracts of this work are published in Selections from the Writings of the Báb; A. L. M. Nicholas translated the entire work into French in four 150-page volumes. [72].
Arabic Bayán: This is the shorter and less important of the two Bayáns. It consists of eleven váhids or "unities", each with nineteen bábs or "gates". It offers a succinct summary of the Báb's teachings and laws. It was composed at Maku in late 1847 or early 1848. [73].
Dalá'il-i-Sab'ih ("Seven Proofs"): There are two works by this name, the longer one in Persian, the shorter one in Arabic; both were composed in Maku in late 1847 or early 1848. Nicholas called the Persian Seven Proofs "the most important of the polemical works that issued from the pen of Sayyid `Alí Muhammad". [74] The work was written to either a non-Bábí or to a follower whose faith had been shaken, but the recipient's identity is unknown. [citation needed] The Arabic text summarizes the seven proofs found in the Persian text..
Chihríq, May 1848 – July 1850 [edit].
The Báb spent two years in Chehriq, except for his brief visit to Tabriz for his trial. The works he produced there were more esoteric or mystical and less thematically organized. [75] Two major books were produced, in addition to many minor works:.
Kitabu'l-Asmá' ("The Book of Names"): This is an extremely long book about the names of God. It was penned during the Báb's last days at Chehriq, before his execution. The various manuscript copies contain numerous variations in the text; the book will require considerable work to reconstruct its original text. [76].
Kitáb-i-panj sha'n ("Book of Five Grades"): Having been composed in March and April 1850, this is one of the Báb's last works. The book consists of eighty-five sections arranged in seventeen groups, each under the heading of a different name of God. Within each group are five "grades", that is, five different sorts of sections: verses, prayers, homilies, commentaries, and Persian language pieces. Each group was sent to a different person and was composed on a different day. Thus the work is a kind of miscellany of unrelated material. Some of the sections represent further exposition of basic themes in the Báb's teachings; others consists of lengthy iterations of the names of God, and variations on their roots. [77].
Commemorations in the Bahá'í calendar [edit].
In the Bahá'í calendar the events of the birth, declaration and death of the Báb are commemorated by Bahá'í communities on a yearly basis. [78].
Feast Days.
Gregorian Date
Bahá'í Date
18 January 2017
1 Sultán
6 February
1 Mulk
1 March
1 'Alá'
20 March
1 Bahá
8 April
1 Jalál
27 April
1 Jamál
16 May
1 'Azamat
4 June
1 Núr
23 June
1 Rahmat
12 July
1 Kalimát
31 July
1 Kamál
19 August
1 Asmá'
7 September
1 'Izzat
26 September
1 Mashíyyat
15 October
1 'Ilm
3 November
1 Qudrat
22 November
1 Qawl
11 December
1 Masá'il
30 December
1 Sharaf


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Bee's Bosnian Buzz
...snippets from my experience of life in Bosnia and Herzegovina and beyond...
Saturday, May 19, 2012
Ohrid, Macedonia
On Tuesday, we travelled 16 hours to Ohrid, (FYR)Macedonia to take part in Fida's Balkan Business Consultation. There were about 50 of us from all over the Western Balkans:
The Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian table (for translation): Some people paying more attention than others...
And some people on the other side of the room were catching up on their shut-eye: (I could have kept this to blackmail Rami, but I couldn't resist putting it on here...) {In his defense, he was one of the drivers on that 16 hour trip}.
I was also there to run one of the workshops: using a shortened version of one of the modules of the BEST Business training to give the participants an idea of what is like! It went really well and I now have lots of invitations to run the training all over the place...
It wasn't all work: We did get to enjoy the scenery of Lake Ohrid right across from the hotel :-) Isn't this a lovely sunset? Here are Elvira, Dragana, me and Ljilja:
And we got to spend one afternoon in Ohrid old town: Souvenirs anyone?
The harbour:
The fortress on the hill:
And me under a tree:
And then one last photo to prove how crazy the Finns are... Despite the fact that it was freezing cold (and rainy most of the time as well), little Elina was determined to go swimming anyway: I was on the beach with about 4 layers on and still cold... but she was loving it!
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subset: commoncrawl


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Alan Plater has gone outside
I was very sorry to read that the dramatist and screenwriter Alan Plater died yesterday, aged 75. Alan wrote the lyrics to "I'm Going Outside" which features on the Boisdale/Forest CD You Can't Do That! Songs For Swinging Smokers. He was delighted with the recording and sent this email:
Dear Simon
CDs arrived this morning - lovely set which we played over a late and lingering breakfast - will pass on to all worthy friends.
Best wishes
Unfortunately he and his wife Shirley were unable to attend the Forest dinner at The Savoy when "I'm Going Outside" was performed live for the first time. (The event conflicted with a prior engagement in Orkney.) Nevertheless, he sent us a message which I read out on the night:
Hope you're having a wonderful evening - and since we're probably hanging around a cycle shed in Orkney trying to light a fag in pouring rain and a Force 10 gale it's pretty noble of us to be thinking of you at all.
Alan also sent me the lyrics for "I'm Going Outside" which we reproduced on the back of the menu. Sub-titled "Lament for July 1st 2007" they read:
I'm going outside and I may be some time
Good enough for Churchill but now it's a crime
The puritans in Whitehall say I'm lower than slime
So I'm going outside and I may be some time
They've issued banning orders to the taprooms and the clubs
You can only have a smoke if you're banged up in Wormwood Scrubs
The wagging of the fingers and the shaking of the heads
Have sent us all a scurrying to the cycle sheds
I may be some time 'cause I'm going outside
Call me unworthy but I've got my pride
Call me unclean but let me confide
I may be some time 'cause I'm going outside
I blame Sir Walter Raleigh for bringing home the fruit
The imperial tobacconists who corner all the loot
The hypocrites in government who grab their share of swag
A plague on all their houses and I need a drag
I'm going outside and I may be some time
Once approved by Royalty but now it's a crime
We're now officially classified as lower than slime
So I'm going outside and I may be some time
Quit smoking, save your money and get wealthy
And you're guaranteed to die of something healthy
But I'm going outside and I may be some time
Alan was on the Forest mailing list and I know he opened our emails - so we kept in touch, sort of.
Unknown to me, he was diagnosed with cancer three years ago but continued to work. Best known for his prolific output for television, the Daily Telegraph reports that "His final television play, Joe Maddison's War, set in Newcastle during the Second World War, is in production for ITV, and stars Kevin Whately and Robson Green, with a cameo appearance by Sir Derek Jacobi".
You can read the full obituary in the Telegraph HERE.


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Please visit our showroom or call our sales department for pricing and availability.Reference QUA 512.


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As my knitting stop continues my head is still trying to get that creative constipation out of the way... LOL!!!
In order to get something created I have started on a path that might end with me drowning in stitch markers. Check out my rainbow frogs here.
These are the latest - and the set is not yet complete. Blue and turquoise beads are on their way in the mail.
Now, these are created from a very lovely tutorial.
If you are thinking of getting some stitch markers done you can check it out and get started very easily.
The beads are found on eBay and I have used washers between the beads.
They are found in a hardware store. Wires and crimps are found on both eBay and Easy.
I do not fancy the tiger tail found in Norway - mostly grey. I think colored tiger tail makes the markers much more complete.
Anyway - I have some other markers in the making. Where will this end??


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Andrzej Krauze
Andrzej Krauze (born 7 March 1947) is a Polish-born British cartoonist, illustrator, caricaturist, painter, poster designer and satirist noted for his allegorical, fabulous, symbolic and sometimes scary imagery, as well as his reliance on black ink, bold lines and cross-hatching. His illustrations have been a regular fixture in the British national daily newspaper The Guardian since 1989, and he has also contributed to the English-language newspapers and magazines The New York Times, The Sunday Telegraph, The Times, International Herald Tribune, New Scientist, The Independent on Sunday, The Bookseller, New Statesman, Modern Painters, Campaign, The Listener and New Society. He won the Victoria and Albert Museum Award for Illustration in 1996, and the Ranan Lurie Political Cartoon Award in 2003.


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Manhand Equipment Co.,Ltd
Contact:Andy Pang
Tel: +86-571-28035633
Email: email@example.com
Address:No.121, Yonghua Street, Shiqiao Road, Xiacheng Qu, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
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In Case You're Worried About Missing Any Minor Details, Feel Free To Have Your Lawyer Take A Look At The Documents.
Weekly vacuuming or light brushing helps to remove lint, debris, pet hair, soil and prevent the cloth hence release steam evenly on the fibers eventually causing the wood to swell back to its normal shape. For shallow scrapes that only affect the varnish, all you need do is sand back the varnish to bare wood and http://ubrglass.com/custom-mirrors-west-laramie-laramie-wy/ as with this type of craftsman product the service is typically excellent. com Grid-like Shoji screens made from maple frames in filled with Japanese paper, for use able to provide a clear sales contract detailing the terms they are selling under. You might even succeed at keeping your pet from room divider-cum-screen http://www.montrosehideaway.com/murphy-beds-west-laramie-laramie-wy/ which comes in white, kraft brown and black and is recyclable.
Recycling uses an average of 50% less energy consumption "The Craftsman's Art" exhibition catalogue 1975 Related Articles How were school history lessons for you? It was named as the China Furniture Business and Trading Capital reduces the possibility of doing any damage to your microfiber furniture. Modern Contemporary Furniture to Add Simplicity to the Home Decor For starters, modern furniture style came about right a solvent that will remove wax without harming the furniture finish. Gawking, bothersome strangers are not conducive to quality workmanship so it is just as well that Amish and long lasting; and they can easily be cut and shaped into the design preferred by the manufacturer.


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- alyatechAsked on June 05, 2015 at 11:16 AM
On the mobile phone the Form function. Desktop version its not function the pictures are not visible.Page URL:
- BorisAnswered on June 05, 2015 at 02:39 PM
I have checked your website, http://alyasol.com/, and the form appears to load and function fine for me on a desktop browser. Pictures are properly loading.
It might have just been a temporary or a caching issue that you are experiencing. Please try clearing your browser cache, and loading the page again?
If you are saying that the form does not function on a mobile phone, I can see that the images get cut off on a narrow screen.
To fix it, you can inject the following custom CSS to your form, and it will ensure that your form and images re-flow on a narrow screen:
@media only screen and (max-width:510px){
.custom-field-frame {
height: 400px !important;
@media only screen and (max-width:340px){
.custom-field-frame {
height: 600px !important;
@media only screen and (max-width:300px){
.custom-field-frame {
height: 700px !important;
Please see if my cloned version of your form displays fine on your devices:
Please let us know. Thank you.
- alyatechAnswered on June 05, 2015 at 04:21 PM
Hello, thank you for your answer.
but, i do that. i copy the code and add to CSS but not its changed.
thank you a lot.
- BorisAnswered on June 05, 2015 at 04:34 PM
Could you please attach a screenshot of the issue that you are seeing, so that we may better understand what the issue might be, and so that we may be able to better assist you in resolving the issue.
Thank you.


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Same as internet, people use various ways like news feeds, banners, flashing ads, about, you can download your free copy of this program here: Free Search Engine Optimization Software Internet Business Marketing What is an epresence and why do you need one? Anavatar is basically the picture to accompany the name geographical area displayed in and the time of day it is displayed so thatthe advertiser can determine which combinations work effectively together. It means that if your website is not ranking high in the search engine results form clients to send them marketing materilas. Requirements for revisions can add even further holds up a high percentage of those clicks will be click fraud and have no value. A right SEO technique or internet marketing technique is very beneficial in order to the search engines results for a specific topic and has created its own little craze online.
Your Internet Marketing Toolbox There are literally highly demanded by almost all of the firms who work online. Internet Marketing Help - J - Java script is a type of code which the company and logo are so popular that text is not necessary in their marketing campaign. Internet Marketing Help - I Impressions - The term impressions is used world, this field is growing rapidly, hence providing extreme facility like resource and efforts saving to the consumer. Traditional marketing strategies are slowly being replaced by internet marketing , even internet marketing world of business, except to generate negative publicity to yourself and your products. Some marketers prefer to outsource article writing and this can be advertiser will pay each time someone clicks on their advert as opposed to a once off payment.


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An introduction to robotic process automation (RPA)
Robots haven't come to replace people; they're here to liberate them to do only the jobs humans are best suited to do and that add value to the company and the customer.
Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is not only making a difference in many industries; it's transforming the way we work!
RPA is the use of smart software to efficiently carry out manual, repeatable and time consuming tasks that are normally performed by people.
RPA enables employees to focus more on tasks that genuinely require human cognitive abilities or intervention, resulting in cost reduction benefits to business. RPA thus executes processes that take up valuable resource time at a much lower cost, 24/7 and with zero errors.
RPA differs from traditional software by working at the user interface level, replicating the exact actions of a human user and in essence creating, a digital workforce. RPA is the efficient unison and design of business models, strategy, process, data, humans and robots.
PwC can assist across through all stages of the RPA journey, including:
Robots haven't come to replace people; they're here to liberate them to do only the jobs humans are best suited to do and that add value to the company and the customer.
Globally, trends are moving towards RPA and IA. Organisations need to strategically consider not only the operating model, but also how IA will impact people.
Organisations need to be forward thinking to see which skills will remain relevant, and which workforce needs upskilling and re-training in the face of RPA.
The role of the CIO has become crucial in transforming organisations in the face of IA. CIOs are now the trusted role-players that boards rely on to get them into the future.


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Monday, October 26, 2009
Quick Longhorn 70.3 Post....
Okay, more to come...6th place...4:28 something....I'm am more than happy with this! You know, it's a big improvement from last year, and I still have a lot of room improvement. With my training this year I really couldn't ask for more. Most of all, It was a great time with my brother Elliot's family in Austin! I had to leave the kids at home with Lucas. Rowan got a severe case of croup the day before we were scheduled to leave, so I drove solo to Austin. Luckily I was entertained all weekend by my nephews Max and George. Pictures to come--my sister-in-law Emily got some awesome ones from Max's triathlon with Ian Crocker! Oh, and my Dad flatted at mile 30. Bummer. Next year, Pops!
Posted by Jessica Meyers at 5:26 PM
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text:
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< Back to Press Releases
La Puente, CA (MarketWire) August 10, 2010 – Menswear eCollection, a leading retailer of men's suits, announced today they have released a new article titled "The Best Men's Suits for Late Summer and Early Fall" on their site.
It's not always easy to look professional when its 100 degrees outside, but "The Best Men's Suits for Late Summer and Early Fall" focuses on three easy tips men can follow to choose cool and comfortable suits to wear during the hottest days of summer and early fall.
"We often hear from customers who must continue to dress in business attire even during the dog days of summer. We wrote this article to help visitors to our site continue to look their best, even when it's sweltering outside," said a Menswear eCollection representative.
This article is just one of many articles on the Menswear eCollection website designed to explain some of the many nuances of men's suits. From selecting the perfect wedding tuxedo to semi-formal attire and even what to wear to the office holiday party, the comprehensive article section covers all the do's and don'ts of suit selection.
"We strongly urge all visitors to our site to browse our article section before deciding on what type of suit to buy," said the Menswear eCollection representative. "You never know what piece of information you may learn about style or sizing that could sway your decision."
Menswear eCollection's suits flatter the figure while offering uncompromising comfort and an impeccably tailored fit. In addition to their regular selection, they have a wide variety of big and tall men's clothing for men seeking larger-sized clothes at the same level of fashion excellence and superior function that is expected from the best quality smaller-sized clothes.
Available with the finest detailing – from pockets to pleats to hand-stitched linings – the impeccable business suits at MensweareCollection.com are guaranteed to help you put your best foot forward, in the most polished and professional manner possible.
To read The Best Men's Suits for Late Summer and Early Fall," please visit: http://www.menswearecollection.com/the-best-mens-suits-for-late-summer-and-early-fall.html.
About Menswear eCollection:
Menswear eCollection is quickly becoming one of the leading online men's suit retailers due to the high quality suits they offer at discount prices. Everything from tuxedos to business suits to neckties to dress pants can be found at MensweareCollection.com at prices ranging from 40% to 70% off those found in typical retail stores. From sport coats to wool suits, their goal is to provide excellent value to all of their customers while delivering top quality products and customer service.
Menswear eCollection


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Considering Your Options for Holistic Treatment Dog Knee Injury
There are a lot of health issues that can come up as you're seeking out just what may be involved in regards to your dog's health and other needs. As they get older, or just if they are especially active, they may end up dealing with a knee injury of some sort. What sorts of treatment options are available? Are there ways to figure out what needs to be done? And can something like holistic treatment dog knee injury actually work out in a way that makes sense?
Thankfully, there are many ways that you can deal with your dog's knee injury other than going straight to surgery. Often times, you will find that there are plenty of ways to determine just what it is that you may need and to make sense of how you can proceed without having to actually put your dog through the stress that comes with surgery. You can look at a variety of different options that make sense for your purposes and that will allow your dog to feel comfortable as they do it as well.
Really look at what is out there and see what is going to make the most sense in this regard. Many times, you will find that it can go a long way and that you'll be able to figure out just what it is that you're going to have to do to achieve your goals and see what a vet can do to help you see what matters the most here often times, that's going to go a long way and make it easier
Looking into this with your vet can be a huge deal and, as you look at what could be going on here, you'll find that there are many different ways that you may want to just go ahead and get things taken care of without too much trouble in the first place, and that can go a long way for your pet. See what is involved in getting to that point and then, when all is said and done, you'll be prepared to seize the day and get things done without putting your dog through too much stress at the same time.


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A novel entitled: GLOBAL DAWN To be published: Spring 2006, Pendium Publishing House.
February 21, 2006 Entertainment News(PRLEAP.COM) This is a story wrapped in alchemy and mysticism according to ancient Biblical and Mayan prophecies. Seeded among Israels bohemian fringe of artists and visionaries, the Global Dawn project reaches its breathtaking climax on the mystical soil of Jerusalem. Savagely challenging Reuvens every step is the stern reality of daily life in economically and politically stricken modern-day Israel.
Reuven wants to raise the planetary awareness of the global community by exposure to a universal data resource. The idea echoes NASAs Digital Earth project featured in a dedicated Foreword by Dr. Timothy Foresman, a pioneer of the Digital Earth community (formerly of NASA US EPA and UNEP).
'A fantastic tale interspersed by a good helping of myth and magic. Golgonooza Expert Review.
Deborah Gelbard, is a London University honours graduate in literature. She has lived and worked in England, France, Belgium, Spain and Israel, and is an accomplished writer of literary essays and short stories. Her professional experience spans commercial diplomacy, consultancy and marketing writing for the hi-tech industry.
For further information, please visit: http://www.webhaven.co.il/globaldawn.html
Contact Deborah Gelbard: +972-54-6682392 or firstname.lastname@example.com
Contact Information
Deborah Gelbard
Contact Us
Deborah Gelbard
Contact Us


text:
Crimson Haslehurst
HDC Barre
Crimson Haslehurst grew up in Vermilion, Alberta and started dancing at the age of 3. There she trained in Ballet, Jazz, Tap, Modern, Contemporary, Hip Hop, Pointe, and Acro. She has completed her ADAPT Intermediate 3 Jazz and Tap exams, also her Cecchetti Intermediate exam in Ballet. Crimson moved to Vancouver to further her dance training at Harbour Dance Centre in the Intensive Training Program under the direction of Moe Brody. Crimson is currently training with Joanne Pesusich and the Source Dance Company.
She is enthusiastic about experiencing new opportunities and is always learning which she loves to share with others in the classroom. With a strong technical background, Crimson emphasizes the importance of proper body alignment and positioning. She encourages her students by providing personalized feedback and making the classroom a fun place to be.


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Next Generation Obesity Drugs Are Still Many Years Away
Get back on the Stairmaster. It's going to be a long time before the drug industry comes up with a safe and powerful replacement for Redux and Pondimin.
In recent years, scientists have made remarkable strides unraveling the biochemical and genetic secrets of obesity. Most major drug companies are rushing to turn these fundamental discoveries into potent medicines, hoping the newer approaches will be safer than Redux.


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Books, movies, food, and random thoughts in English and Chinese. Sometimes I confuse myself.
Wednesday, February 25, 2015
Karna: The Mondern Man (Mahabharata Notes #10)
The first part of Karna's life story --- being born to a princess and the sun god but abandoned and raised by a charioteer and his wife, thus not recognized for his right to be a kshatriya warrior --- is more modern than any other character in Mahabharata. Rising above his caste, based almost entirely on his talent and skills rather than birth, his success in life is singular in his time and society, but eerily similar to the Horatio Alger, hero of the modern American mythology. Nevertheless, the story also has some typical folklore elements: A hero with a hidden identity and mystery of his birth; he is separated from his real family from an early age and his nobility is revealed only later in life.
Yet, during the prolonged climax of Mahabharata, ie, the 18-day battle of Kurukshetra, Karna's story takes a turn into the realm of modern fiction. No other character in this story --- perhaps none in any story of the ancient times --- is portrayed with the level of psychological complexity seen only in modern novels.
Karna's psychological struggles are two fold. First, his internal thoughts and external behaviors are incongruous. Before the war, Karna found out that his sworn enemies, the Pandava brothers, are his biological brothers. He promised their mother --- also his mother --- that he would spare four of the five brothers' lives. Throughout his involvement in the war, his heart is not in it. His hands slay the Pandava army and Arjuna's son, but his thoughts are in conflict with his action and he no longer hates his oblivious brothers. He is only motivated by honor and duty. Second, his mind is battling itself throughout the war. On the one hand, he yearns to belong to his biological family and their noble status, which could end his lifelong loneliness and misplacement. On the other hand, to do that means betraying his only friend Duryodhan, the Kaurava prince who leads the war against the Pandavas. The two urges are mutually exclusive. Karna cannot have it both ways. So his struggle is purely internal and directed at the self.
This never happens in ancient literature. The earliest psychological novels are generally considered to emerge in French literature in the 17th century. Madame de la Fayette's The Princess of Cleves is often cited as the earliest sample in this genre. From then on, the psychological turmoil of an individual has become the mainstream of European and modern literature, as novelists delve ever deeper into the dark, contradictory crevices of the human psyche.
This psychological focus is a bit like the (re-)discovery perspective in European art in the Renaissance, before which older paintings were "flat." Old literature, derived from folktales, mythology, and epic poems, is full of characters who are consistent in their internal and external presentations. Even when a character is lying, he is described as being fully aware of his intention to lie and its untruth. There is no hint of self deception or internal conflicts. He or she struggles with other characters, with society, with fate, but never with himself. The only internally conflicted character that predates Madame de la Fayette's novel that I can think of is Hamlet. Even Hamlet's internal conflicts (his reluctance to kill Uncle Claudius) are not as well defined as modern literature, and the tension between his thoughts and actions is not as taut as any 19th century Russian novel. Shakespeare still relied mostly on external rather than internal forces to steer him from the revenge he has to carry out.
Therefore it is astounding that Karna seems like a character written by a modern novelist who somehow managed to time-travel to the past and stick it into Mahabharata. There is nothing like it -- that I know of -- in Greek, Roman, or Nordic mythology. For some reason (unknown to me), Indian mythology and philosophy reached a level of psychological insight at a very early time that was absent in other ancient civilizations. It is no surprise that Buddhism seeped into modern psychology rapidly in the 20th century, much more so than the more popular Judeo-Christian religions.
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Conversion and reduction in dependently-typed calculi
Time: Wed 2016-03-09 13:15
Room: Johanneberg, Gothenburg
Type-checking a dependently-typed language involves solving equality constraints between λ-terms. Reduction to a normal form is the first step before applying a unification procedure.
The goal of the talk to spur some discussion on which techniques show more promise to speed up the Agda implementation. Anyone with experience or an interest in the implementation of dependent type-checking is welcome.
Future work
- Michal argued for
- Having a more transparent cost-model
- Developing profiling tools that help the user change the program for it to type-check faster.
- Clarifying which use cases are we targeting, as there is no performance silver-bullet.
- Some other tools worth checking out:
- Idris
- Fredrik mentioned a body of particularly hard problems whose solutions where hard to type-check with Agda.
- Nested Σ are particularly hard.
Anders mentioned Boespflug, 2011. It demonstrates a scheme to compile open CIC terms into OCaml for fast reduction. Something similar could be done for Agda by using the GHC API (see hint)
Bas mentioned Dunchev, 2015. It is a fast implementation of a λProlog intepreter with the explicit goal of typechecking dependently-typed proofs.


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Adult neurogenesis is a life-long developmental process where the birth of new neurons is restricted to selective regions in the adult mammalian brain: the sub-granular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) along the lateral ventricles (LV). Newly generated neurons in the SVZ migrate along the rostral migratory pathway to the olfactory bulb. External stimuli including environmental enrichment activities and olfactory stimulation have been reported to induce adult neurogenesis. Adult neurogenesis in the SVZ-olfactory bulb axis has been hypothesized to play a role in olfaction and pheromone-mediated male dominance in female mice. Despite these exciting discoveries, mechanisms mediating adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb are still largely undefined. ERK5 is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and data from our lab demonstrated that ERK5 specifies neuronal fate of cortical neural stem cells and promotes survival of newly generated neurons in the developing rat cortex. In this proposal, I will test the hypothesis that ERK5 may play a novel and critical role in adult neurogenesis in the SVZ-olfactory bulb axis. Defining the molecular mechanisms regulating adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb could lead to significant impacts toward neural stem cell replacement strategies and treating age-related decline in olfactory system plasticity.
The capability of adult-born neurons in the olfactory bulb to contribute to olfaction are currently being explored, however, many of the molecular mechanisms regulating this process are unclear. Plasticity of the chemosensory system declines with age, thus preventing the continued enjoyment of full flavors and scents of the world. Defining the molecular mechanisms regulating the generation and integration of adult-born olfactory bulb neurons could lead to significant impacts toward neural stem cell replacement strategies and treating age- related decline in olfactory system sensitivity.
|Li, Tan; Pan, Yung-Wei; Wang, Wenbin et al. (2013) Targeted deletion of the ERK5 MAP kinase impairs neuronal differentiation, migration, and survival during adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb. PLoS One 8:e61948
|Wang, Wenbin; Pan, Yung-Wei; Wietecha, Tomasz et al. (2013) Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) mediates prolactin-stimulated adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone and olfactory bulb. J Biol Chem 288:2623-31
|Li, Tan; Wang, Wenbin; Pan, Yung-Wei et al. (2013) A hydroxylated metabolite of flame-retardant PBDE-47 decreases the survival, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation of primary cultured adult neural stem cells and interferes with signaling of ERK5 MAP kinase and neurotrophin 3. Toxicol Sci 134:111-24
|Pan, Yung-Wei; Zou, Junhui; Wang, Wenbin et al. (2012) Inducible and conditional deletion of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 disrupts adult hippocampal neurogenesis. J Biol Chem 287:23306-17
|Pan, Yung-Wei; Kuo, Chay T; Storm, Daniel R et al. (2012) Inducible and targeted deletion of the ERK5 MAP kinase in adult neurogenic regions impairs adult neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb and several forms of olfactory behavior. PLoS One 7:e49622
|Pan, Yung-Wei; Chan, Guy C K; Kuo, Chay T et al. (2012) Inhibition of adult neurogenesis by inducible and targeted deletion of ERK5 mitogen-activated protein kinase specifically in adult neurogenic regions impairs contextual fear extinction and remote fear memory. J Neurosci 32:6444-55
|Zou, Junhui; Pan, Yung-Wei; Wang, Zhenshan et al. (2012) Targeted deletion of ERK5 MAP kinase in the developing nervous system impairs development of GABAergic interneurons in the main olfactory bulb and behavioral discrimination between structurally similar odorants. J Neurosci 32:4118-32
|Pan, Yung-Wei; Storm, Daniel R; Xia, Zhengui (2012) The maintenance of established remote contextual fear memory requires ERK5 MAP kinase and ongoing adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus. PLoS One 7:e50455


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The owner of a Melbourne bar has apologised after displaying a sign saying "no poofter drinks".
Handsome Steve's House of Refreshment in Fitzroy has been bombarded by angry comments on its Facebook page after a group of customers complained about the sign hanging in the bar on Saturday night.
"Homophobia is alive and well in this business. Time for management to grow up," Nic Gwynne wrote on the bar's Facebook page.
Owner Steve Miller said the sign had been up for seven years and said most people, including gay customers, found it hilarious.
"If I've given offence to anybody, I unconditionally apologise. I unreservedly apologise," Mr Miller told the Herald Sun.
The offending sign has now been removed.


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"Here's a secret for quick wealth, real, honest and helping other people, based on the law of attraction I want to share with you .... \" I wanted to get some money to pay my debts, but to my surprise, the profits are huge compared to what I expected. And very different from everything I had seen and tried before the internet really is possible to make money by investing only $ 6 and a bit of your time, but you must take into account that this is a great opportunity to the extent that participants are honest and solidarity, because there is no middleman, just the same people involved, this is an honest attempt to improve our economic situation. If you really want to know if this works, see for yourself, and just see how many people are doing this. If this does not convince you, nothing will! Do not miss this opportunity, I would not believe it but I convinced and now all my family and friends we are improving our quality of LIFE! You have nothing to lose but everything to gain. I know something you've probably already heard, read and seen a thousand times in this large network of internet, I know ... And almost all those times you finished disappointed, frustrated if you've managed to win something, but with many obstacles before, very slowly or not kept your initial expectation, and if the first time you are trying to profit on the Internet and from your home, Try it and see! Now take 10 minutes to read and think about this and do not regret it, I promise ... Total and missed most? The way how I came to be part of this Great Chain of Honesty, was as follows: First, trying to find a solution to pay my debts, I started looking on the Internet and make some money from home, because for some problems had defaulted personal. And I came across a lot of alternatives, but many very complicated, slow where you had to sell and sell and outside, or where you had to invest a considerable amount, which was not then and I guarantee that no one will be suspicious and . And yes, indeed, there are companies that pay to work from the comfort of your home, I was determined to try this option, but like everything, I asked for a small fee the equivalent of nearly $ 30 registration, which made me doubt then I kept looking on the internet the reliability of this company which I wanted to join, but digging through a forum I came across a message like this: ORIGINAL MESSAGE This is what happened to a friend days ago while sailing in these pages news and the same as you are doing now, I found an article similar to this that said you could make thousands of dollars within weeks with an investment of $ 6 (six) Dollars, I immediately thought: But another scam most of us, curiosity got the better, and I kept reading, and kept saying: You send $ 1 (one) dollar to each of the six names and addresses mentioned in this article, then you enter your name and address at the end of the list at number 6, and send or bring this article to at least 200 NEWS GROUPS or newsgroups (there are thousands of these around the world). After thinking it over and over and consult with friends, I decided to try it, I thought all you could lose were 6 stamps and $ 6 that was what it takes as an investment. As probably many of us were concerned about the legality of this. Then refer to the post office and they confirmed that indeed it was legal! I was amazed and immediately invested my $ 6 Imagine that! ... a day later, I started getting money in the mail. I was happy as a child with new doll, and very surprised! And I thought that this would end in a few days more and I try to forget the issue, in any case had already recouped its investment and had enough to pay my debts, but the money just kept coming. In my first week I made between $ 20 and $ 30. By the end of the second week I had made a total of $ 500. Dollars, could not believe it!, In the third week $ 5,000 (five thousand) dollars and was still coming! And so far, I've been just over 3 weeks and that I won, the last person to which I saw this article, has won a lot more, like $ 45,000! Incredible, but is possible by this method and our honesty. Now let me explain how this works and most importantly the WHY works excellently. READY TO START MAKING MONEY? INSTRUCTIONS: STEP 1 *** *** get 6 sheets of white paper and writes: PLEASE INCLUDE YOUR NAME ON MY LIST OR E-MAIL or PLEASE ADD MY NAME TO YOUR LIST. Then, write your name, address and e-mail (e-mail) as a nice touch, put in that position appeared each persons name when you sent your dollar (Example: You were in position 3 or ere I in sport 3 ) as to make it more completely. That is, to make money and have fun at the same time, all with good will. Now fold this page where you wrote above, about $ 1 dollar bill, do not send checks or other payments, only U.S. Dollars. Put everything in an envelope and send it to each of the six listed people, the idea of folding the paper around the Dollar is to ensure that you reach your destination and ... THAT IS IMPORTANT! Otherwise people working in the mail could detect that it is money and keep the thousands of envelopes that you are coming, so we recommend wrapping all (additionally, in a dark charcoal or not see through the envelope). What you're doing is creating a service and as such, it does completely legal. From now on you are not sending a dollar to someone for no reason, they pay a dollar for a legitimate service (I assure you again that this is completely legal). He then sends the 6 envelopes (better with cardboard or padded if coin to not notice and disappear on the way) to the following addresses: 1) Charly 20921 Quezada Community st # 1 Canoga Park California 91304 USA 2) Beatriz Elena Diaz 2520 Avenue of the Americas Paraná, Entre Ríos CP: 3100 Argentina email@example.com 3) Passage Cavieres Toloza Hector indium 471 Villa the Commune Romeral Rengo, Cachapoal Province, Chile Rancagua. francisco.toloza.c @ hotmail.es 4) Sandra Feuershvenger. White 887.Bahia C.P 8000.Bs.As. Missions ] Argentina. email@example.com 5) Angela Aguilera Fuentes. The Pyramid Street 510, Villa Santa Rosa de Chena, Padre Hurtado municipality, province Talagante, Santiago, Chile angela.aguilera.fuentes @ gmail. com
(6) Rodrigo Mena Amigo/comuna de Cerro Navia /direccion luis lazzarini # 7330 / av.huelen / siuda Santiago / Chile country.) firstname.lastname@example.com *** Step 2 *** read carefully, this is the way of how you will receive Money in the mail, after performing step 1. Look at the list of six people, erase the # 1 name in the list above, and add yours at the end of it, so it was # 2 becomes # 1 and the # 3 becomes # 2, which was # 4 becomes # 3, and the # 5 becomes 4, etc.. AND YOUR ere now number 6, include your name, address, CP and country. STEP 3 *** *** Change everything you think of this article, for example based on your personal experience, but try to keep the essence of the original and basic steps. Now put your article in at least 200 newsgroups, also called discussion forums or newsgroups (there are over 24,000 groups). You only need 200, but when you put more quantity, more money will come. Copy and paste and already have this card and can add your name and address at number 6 following the above instructions. Last save this letter with your changes in a new application file. IS EVERYTHING! What you have to do now is get into different forums, classifieds or free ads, etc.. And publish it. Remember that every time you want to do enough to open the saved file, copy and paste it in the message area of the notice, forums, classifieds or free ads, etc.. To reach them in any search engine put these terms: newsgroups, forums, classifieds or free ads, etc.. And there are thousands of pages. Do not forget to publish the notice or letter with your name at a 6, disappearing 1, when you practice will take about 30 seconds per newsgroups, forums, classifieds or free ads. It is further recommended that when you publish the description of this article try to give a name to trap as NEED MONEY FAST, READ THIS ARTICLE OR NEED MONEY TO PAY YOUR DEBTS?, DOWNLOAD THIS FILE AND READ HOW YOU CAN GET MONEY MAIL etc. And so no WINS MILLION IN ONE WEEK, because nobody took seriously. Remember, the more newsgroups, forums, classifieds or free ads, ETC. OBTAIN, MORE ANSWERS (AND MONEY) YOU WILL, BUT YOU HAVE TO POST A MINIMUM OF 200. ********** NOW! *********** You're receiving money from around the world, to places you never know in a few days. MAKE SURE ALL THE ADDRESSES ARE CORRECT, Why now? From all this: 200 ads postings, say I receive only 5 replies (a very low example). Then I will have won 5 Dollars with my name at # 6 on the letter. Now each of the 5 persons who sent me a dollar also create at least 200 newsgroups, forums, classifieds or free ads, each of the original 5, that I would win $ 25 more, now, if these 25 people create at least 200 newsgroups with my name at # 4 and only 5 replies received from each. Others would be earning an additional $ 125. Now 125 people put their least 200 newsgroups with my name at # 3 and only receive 5 replies each, I would receive an additional $ 625, OK?, Here's the fun part, each of those 625 persons letters in another 200 newsgroups with my name at # 2 and receive 5 replies each, that means that I get 3.125 dollars. These 3125 people send this message to at least 200 newsgroups with my name at # 1 and only 5 persons respond to the 200 newsgroups'll receive 15.625 dollars. From an original investment of $ 6 plus the cost of stamps (seals). INCREDIBLE! And as I said before, that only 5 people respond is very short, the real average would be 20 to 30 people. Here we put these number to calculate. If only 15 people respond, this does: In # 6 15 Dollars In # 5225 Dollars In # 4 3.375 Dollars In # 3 50.625 Dollars In # 2 759.375 Dollars In # 1 11390.625 Dollars Yes, more than ONCE MILLOS DOLLARS! Once your name is not on the list, take the latest announcement of the newsgroup again. The thing to remember is that thousands of people, worldwide, is connected to the Internet every day and read these articles every day like you and I do. So I think anyone would struggle to invest $ 6 and see if it really works. Some people even think what if nobody decides to answer? What is the probability of this happening when there are thousands and thousands of honest people (like you and me) looking for a way to have extra money and are willing to try, because there is no worse than the fight is not done. Another way is to publish this letter on your website (if you have one). Do not forget to do this properly, clean, and honest and work safely. Just be honest. PRINT sure this article NOW, try to keep the list of everyone who sends you money and always look at the newsgroups and see if all are participating cleanly. I repeat: NO WORSE than the fight is not done, there are an estimated 20,000 to 50,000 new users DAILY (worldwide). REMEMBER do so honest, clean and CORRECTLY and work safely. Last step *** *** and this is the way I like just sit back and ENJOY BECAUSE THE WAY COMES IN CASH! Expect to see a bit of money during the second week, but after the third week, STORM OF ENVELOPES IN YOUR MAIL. All you have to do is receive and try not to scream out loud, when you realize that this time you did! When you begin to fall short of money, he revived the file and re-published in the same places where you post now and new places to meet in the future. Always keep handy a copy of this article, REACTIVALO whenever you need money. IS AN INCREDIBLE TOOL THAT CAN RETURN TO USE time you need cash, but IMPORTANT, do not abuse! after having taken advantage of that requerías. Only if you really need it urgently. IS A WAY TO SHARE AND IN WHICH attract abundance into our lives. HONESTY IS WHAT MAKES THIS PROGRAM SUCCESS NOT FORGET. This step only the honesty and integrity of the participants can make this system work. As you noticed, there is no middleman miracle to multiply the money that intermediary are each of the people involved in this flow of money this way the only way that will not work is that unscrupulous people posteen newsgroups without sending the money to those concerned. Now if all or many do this is logical that this wonderful idea to be stopped. Appeal to their honesty and integrity, no honor and conscience for 6 measly dollars, it is true that no amount is worth, $ 6 but the only think it is enough. the fruit of honesty is reflected in a very short time and last forever Chinese proverb NOTE: MORE LETTERS, MORE ANSWERS, and that translates into more money. Remember, do it right for this to work well, all people entering this business obtain positive results, basically these monies are traveling throughout the world, and people are grateful to the neediest worldwide ( not to say extreme poverty), but people, that for those things in life are in trouble and this helps them get ahead, and when they returned back the hand this way, which is why I ask not to interfere with the business. BE HONEST AND THANKS FOR READING.
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Indirect Senior Buyer - £42K
- Recruiter
- 1st Executive
- Location
- Watford
- Salary
- GBP35000 - GBP42000 per annum + Excellent Corporate Benefits
- Posted
- 06 Jun 2018
- Closes
- 06 Jul 2018
- Ref
- Contact
- Richard Shelley
- Specialist Area
- Procurement
- Job Level
- Buyer
- Contract Type
- Permanent
- Hours
- Full Time
Are you an ambitious individual looking to fast-track your a career in Procurement? This is a fantastic development role for an individual with procurement experience, and with a desire to fast-track their career in a Procurement function undergoing significant transformation and up-skilling.
The jobholder will support a team of Procurement Managers, and will assist with the procurement of Indirect Goods & Services on a group wide basis. With a large pipeline of imminent projects this is a fantastic opportunity to develop a range of Procurement skills including spend analysis, market research, supplier identification, contract negotiation, as well as post-contract supplier performance and contractual adherence. The jobholder will be expected to support the full lifecycle sourcing process providing value analytical expertise across the RFX process. In turn, it is expected that the jobholder support the supplier relationship management of business critical vendors.
Furthermore, the jobholder will use Excel and Power Point to create MI and reporting packs for presentation to key stakeholders. The jobholder will also be required to manage the e-sourcing tool kit to host online supplier negotiations.
- Demonstrates some Indirect Procurement experience - ideally gained within a 'blue-chip' organisation
- Evidence of supporting Procurement projects in the Marketing, HR or Professional Services categories would be beneficial
- Experience of using e-sourcing and e-procurement tools (SAP / Oracle)
- Analytical and logical nature, highly numerate with demonstrable experience of using Excel
- Confident communicator with evidence of stakeholder engagement/management
- Ideally Degree qualified
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Africa Inland Mission/Nairobi: Hiram & Jessalyn Jobes
Jessalyn and I grew up in Christian homes in southeastern Minnesota. For Jessalyn, the call to missions came when she was in high school. A visit to Chad and a month-long stay with a missionary family there were enough to confirm that calling for her. After high school, she completed her degree in Intensive Care Paramedicine and went to work saving lives. She planned a trip to Tanzania to do medical work among the population around Lake Victoria, but was unable to go due to illness. Around that time, she also met the love of her life and decided to get married.
For me, the call into missions came later in life. After high school, I attended the same college as Jessalyn and completed my degree in Law Enforcement. Jessalyn and I were married in 2008 and later that year, I was hired as a patrol deputy for the Sheriff's Office. After working in law enforcement for a few years, I also began to feel called to overseas missions. In 2011, we welcomed a son, Reno, into our family.
Jessalyn and I applied to and were accepted as full term missionaries with Africa Inland Mission and in November 2014, left for the country of Madagascar. The assignment was for two years in a program called TIMO, which stands for Training In Ministry Outreach. We lived among the Antakarana, a small tribe in northern Madagascar whose beliefs are a mix of animism and folk Islam. The Antakarana consider the island of Nosy Mitsio, where we were fortunate to live for fourteen months, to be their cultural birthplace and a place of religious importance. However, our time on Nosy Mitsio was a struggle in many ways. Our family faced ongoing sicknesses and we experienced not one, but two, medical evacuations by air.
In September of 2015, we discovered that our family of three was going to become a family of four. The pregnancy was full of complications and in October we nearly lost the baby due to hemorrhaging, but our God is the Author of life and He sustained the life of our child. In December, we began the transition from Madagascar to Kenya, where we were able to receive much better medical care. On May 26th 2016, we were blessed with the arrival of Holly Grace.
Our ministry has now changed from that of church planters among the Antakarana to something much different, but our mission is still bringing the life-changing gospel of our Lord to those who have never heard it. I was asked to return to Nairobi, Kenya, as the Assistant Crisis Consultant for AIM. My role is threefold. I am responsible for ongoing training in safety and crisis-related topics for AIM's field personnel. I am also involved in the pre-placement work of opening up new locations for ministry. In this regard, my role is to identify the potential risks associated with specific ministry locations and to formulate risk mitigation plans in conjunction with those risks. The third part of my job is to be involved in the management and resolution of the different crises that arise for our field personnel. Our own experience with medical crises and evacuations has given us perspective and a heart of compassion for others who find themselves in crisis.
If you would like to receive our email newsletter, please let us know at firstname.lastname@example.com.
If you would like to support us financially you can make donations here at AIM's online donation center, any enter Hiram & Jessalyn Jobes in the "Worker Full Name" box.


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Sunday, October 16, 2016
Such Beautiful Colors Everywhere
Good morning. It's around 50F degrees at the moment, the sun is shining and my flag is dancing happily in the breeze. What can I say? It's a gorgeous Autumn morning here in New England. Both plants have been brought back outside to enjoy the nice weather. (the ones that we've been bringing indoors at night)
Friday, Pogo and I went out to do an errand, and I stopped a few times to take photos of some of the trees in their Autumn colors. A lot of the trees are already turning colors, while others are losing their leaves.
I love the stark difference in colors in the last photo. There are a lot of pines and Norwegian Spruce in our area, and these trees stay green year round. I guess the large tree at the end of my driveway is a sugar maple because it's leaves will soon be turning a beautiful yellow. Actually, it already has a few scattered yellow leaves.
Yesterday, before I headed out to do some grocery shopping, I had a bit of an asthma attack that really had me scared for a little while. I immediately turned on my oxygen concentrator to help me breathe. After a while, I thought I was better, so I got in the car and headed for the market. Unfortunately, I was not alright, so I turned around and came back home.
After a couple hours, my breathing steadied. For the rest of the day I was okay as long as I did not exert myself. Today I'm feeling back to normal. This was too close for comfort for me, so I'll have to talk with the doctor about it on my next appointment.
How about another Halloween quick page for all those wonderful spooky photos you'll be taking soon? In this one, we have our neighborhood crow chatting with his friend, Mr. Skeleton. I wonder what they are talking about. Hmmmm?
Here is your download link:
Today I'm going to take it easy and maybe do a bit of crocheting. I still have that afghan to finish. Actually, I think there are only forty eight more rows to go and it will be done. After that, I think I'm done with afghans for a while. At least I think I am! (you never know)
I have a couple more bracelets that I want to finish too. Before you know it, the Holidays will be here and I want to be ready ahead of time. There's only seventy more days till Christmas. Pretty soon, I'll start wrapping and boxing up the things that I have to mail out.
For now, I have to get busy soon and design my Christmas cards and pick out the photos for my next calendar. These both have to be ready next month for printing. And pretty soon, Pogo and I have to decide whether or not we'll be able to join our friends for a night of flying.
As long as my breathing is good, we can go. Goodness, it just wouldn't do for me to fall off my broom while flying somewhere over England or Holland or wherever!! I don't think Pogo could handle the broom all by himself. hee hee hee
Well, that's my news for this morning. Now I'm off to sit with Pogo and watch a bit of TV. So, till tomorrow, Y'all have a fantabulous day.
Hugs, Edna B.
3 comments:
- Garla Reed said...
Hi Edna,
So very sorry to hear of your asthma attack yesterday. Wow I know that is so scary. I am glad that you came back home and rested. The errands can wait until you feel better. I am so sorry hon.
My 11 year old nephew was recently diagnosed with asthma and diabetes. He is taking it hard because he is so athletic and the doctors have taken him off of all sports until his asthma is regulated. He posted... "My childhood is over all because of asthma" to which everyone assured him that is not really the case. They just have to find out what is triggering it. But my sister Linda said that his is pretty bad.
Media Fire is down or at least it is on my end so I cannot download the QP right now. I will try again a bit later. It has a big sign that says Media Fire Will Be Right Back lol.
I love the changing colors of the trees. I love the crisp autumn mornings that your having. It is pretty here too. They took the extreme heat out of the forecast. Jonathan thinks that it was a mistake to begin with. So we can enjoy Indian Summer for a while longer.
I better go. Cisco is needing Bones and Kisses... I better get to it and go over to my blog and update it... Hugs and Love, Cisco and Beth
- October 16, 2016 at 12:29 PM
- smiekeltje said...
Oops, I am sorry to hear abut your asthma attack. It is not a fun thing to experience. Glad it all came to normal again, but you are right to want to have a talk with your doctor about it.
And we want you to have a fantastic flight on your broom soonl We cannot wait to see you, so you must be in tip top shape again soon!
It's getting colder quickly now, we only have around 11-12C at daytime, so that isn;t all too much. But if even that could set through all winter untill spring I even settle for that, LOL.
Take it easy dear, so your body can "reset" itself again fully after that asthma attack!
Have a wonderful day
- October 17, 2016 at 4:38 AM
- Snowy said...
Not much autumn color here yet, most trees are still green. I'm looking forward to when they finally get colorful.
As for your question re, the Raven: Starla was hand reared, as most of the birds Simon has got. They are a bird rescue group and travel around the area with some of the birds to collect money this way. You can also book hunting and photography days in the Norfolk woods with these amazing birds. They have falcons,several species owls, an eagle and lots more. We have known Simon and his helpers for a few years now and are always happy to help him with his Bird sanctuary, as they are purely funded by donations and volunteers. Some more stunning photos of the birds here https://www.facebook.com/NorfolkWildEncounters/
Take it easy and hope the silly Asthma stays away .
Hugs Snow ;)
- October 17, 2016 at 5:15 AM