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Developer's Guidelines & High-Quality Software
Yesterday, I was asked what I saw as the most important factors to ensure the development of quality software. What I cited was good design, good implementation following good standards, and good testing. On the testing end, I have a rule-of-thumb that says that at least 85% of the code should be covered with unit tests - and for the parts that aren't there should be a clear reason/rationale for it not being covered. Unit tests aren't enough, however: you also need functional tests, regression tests, etc. IMO, pre-production testing should be an important focus for any software-centric development team. But the subject of this post isn't testing - it's developer's guidelines.
Dr Dobb's Survey
A (more-or-less) recent survey, published on Dr Dobb's had some interesting things to say about using developer's guidelines. Here's some excerpts from the article, each of which I will comment on:
59% of respondents indicated that their organization has enterprise-wide coding conventions. (...) Of the remaining 41% of respondents, the survey found that 32% had not considered enterprise conventions and that 44% hoped to put them in place one day (everyone else wasn't sure if they had coding conventions at all).
Let's take a look at what that means: while a small majority has standards in place, an appalling number of businesses and developer teams still don't - and some don't know, which means that if there are any, they are not being followed. Let's take another quote (from the same parahraph):
of the respondents who indicated that they have enterprise-level coding guidelines, 17% indicated that developers were more likely to follow their own programming conventions anyway, 51% of them indicated that it was more likely for developers to follow project-specific conventions, and the remaining 32% to actually follow the enterprise conventions
Let's take a look at what that means: now, the part of developers that actually follow enterprise-level standards is reduced to about 18% and 52% is not using any standards (but some of those are hoping that standards might come one day). On the bright side, at least about two-thirds of developers seem to understand the importance of shared standards and are either applying them, applying them but badly managed, or hoping they'll come one day.
I see two major problems in this: first, I see a lack of enterprise-level comprehension of the importance of shared standards, meaning that if there are different development teams, those teams are likely to not have the same standards. In "low" times, this may not be a problem, but it reduces the mobility of your programmers between your teams (i.e. if one team needs help, a programmer from another team will have more trouble integrating with the team to help them out). This also means that higher levels of management won't necessarily understand the reason for being for any standards that do exist, and will pressure development teams to "just hurry up", which, in the long run, is a counter-productive pressure.
Second, I see a lack of programmer-level comprehension of the importance of shared standards. This is evident from the results where even in those businesses that do have enterprise-wide standards, 17% of programmers will follow "their own standards" anyway. This could of course indicate a lack of quality in those enterprise-level standards, but if that were the case, the programmers would follow a superset of the standard, not a completely different one. Still, there is hope in this category: 67% of programmers, which is two-thirds, seem to understand the importance of standards, although the results don't say whether they understand the importance of enterprise-level standards.
Advantages of Enterprise-Level Standards
Aside from inter-team mobility for your programmers, there are quite a few business advantages to having enterprise-wide coding standards:
- reduced time-to-market
new features are developed faster if they are to be integrated with software that already follows a standard: it makes the software to b integrated with more predictable, meaning the analysts and programmers spend less time trying to figure out how to integrate the new feature;
- less service costs
many businesses try to make money selling service contracts in the hope that the customer won't use them, but find out the customer does use them, and start losing money as a result - high-quality software leads to less service calls, enterprise-level standards lead to high-quality software;
- higher quality
implementing enterprise-level standards means you can verify and validate your software against those standards and catch problems early in the product life-cycle, meaning the quality of the end product is higher;
- lean manufacturing
one of the "seven wastes" is Defects, of which you can reduce the impact by catching them early, and which you can eliminate using good standards and good manufacturing practices. One important thing to take into account, however, is the quality of your standards: a low-quality standard will have little or no positive impact on the quality of the code, and may even have a negative impact! For example, a standard that says that "at least 50% of the source code file's text should be comments" is appealing to a lot of people, including a lot of programmers, but it really depends on what you put in your comments whether it's of any use: comments aren't verified by the compiler, so they mey lie about the code. Documenting the code's history in the comments is simple nonsense: there are version control (SCM) systems for that.
Developer's Guideline Quality
What does it take for a developer's guideline to be a good developer's guideline? What are the ingredients of a good developer's guideline? Well, before I say anything about that, I should quote Andrei Alexandrescu and Herb Sutter and say: "don't sweat the small stuff". Don't try to tell people where to put their semicolons.
Things you do need to put in your guidelines are things that will help your programmers create secure code, code that performs well, code that is thread-safe (if applicable) and code that is maintainable, stable (both in terms of API and in terms of mean time between failures) and scalable. In my opinion, these latter three should really be the focus of any developer's guideline: the rest will follow.
The danger of having a bad developer's guide are legion: you will lose productivity, developer buy-in (which is important to keep them on your team) and, in the long run, any kind of quality. You'd probably be better off without a developer's guideline than with a bad one.
From the business point of view, you need your software to be maintainable: you need to reduce your time-to-market and you need to reduce the time between a bug being found and the fix being shipped. There are diverse ways to improve the maintainability of your code through a shared coding standard/developer's guide. One of them is to have a shared style for all of the code, so five years from now, your programmers can check out that long-forgotten module in which you've just decided you have to add a new feature, open up the code, understand it at a glance, and add that feature.
Another part of maintainability is documentation: programmers usually neither like reading nor writing documentation, so you need to keep your documentation requirements to a minimum in order for your programmers to actually use it (or create it, though that can be enforced); but you also need your documentation to be sufficiently complete so a new programmer can understand how the code is set up without actually having to read all of the code. This minimal but complete approach (which applies to other things than documentation as well) really allows you to augment the quality of your documentation and the maintainability of your code, and guidelines pertaining this should be part of your developer's guidelines.
Minimal but complete is also the mantra for API design: in order for a software module to be maintainable, it has to be encapsulated as well as possible, so the API doesn't tell the user how the functions are provided, but just tells him what functions are provided and what the pre- and postconditions of those functions are. Guidelines pertaining API design should therefore also be part of your developer's guidelines.
Stability really comes in two kinds: the "I won't need to change the client code for this modification" kind and the "I can trust this application with my data, with my process, with my life" kind (and no, the last one is not an exaggeration: just think of all the software in an airplane). These two types of stability are really very different: one is a productivity concern whereas the other is a value concern.
API Stability
API stability reduces time-to-market: it means that adding a new feature to an existing module (library, service or otherwise) may add something to the API of that module, but won't break anything that already uses the module, like removing a feature from the module would. This means that your APIs have to be well-designed, which means that even in agile development teams there is some thinking ahead to be done: even if according to the specific methodology you use you're supposed to concentrate on only one user story, use-case or what-have-you at a time, you should still take those other cases into account when designing your API.
You should not, however, push that too far: you should not go into a whole ramble of what-ifs and yes-buts. On the contrary, you should take a very conservative approach to API design: decide what functionality your API will represent to the system (in which functionality can be in the service-sense, in the object-sense or in whatever sense best applies to your context) and limit your API to that functionality. For example, if you need something to interact with PLCs, you don't normally need functionalities to parse XML in the same API. You might use XML for something behind the scenes, but that's not what your API is about.
Mean Time Between Failures
The other tangent of stability is the mean time between failures. This is where security concerns are involved, but it is also where you need to look for resource leaks, and bugs in general. The most common MTBF-related problems, in my experience, are also very easy to get rid of: they are resource leaks (which are very easy to avoid by applying a very simple coding standard); deadlocks which are provably avoidable by correctly ordering the acquisition of your locks; "access violations" (this is the Windows term for "segmentation fault", but it basically means accessing a resource you haven't allocated (anymore) or dereferencing a pointer that doesn't point anywhere valid), which is also very easy to avoid, either by using smart (or unsmart) pointers, or by making sure pointers that don't point anywhere are nulled and checking before accessing; and unhandled exceptions and other exception-safety issues, which can be handled by standards as well.
The one type of error that is very hard to catch just by applying standards, but which it is possible to catch using certain static analysis tools, is the race condition: they are hard to catch at run-time, hard to find when reading the code and hard to diagnose when they pop up - there are some things guides can't fix.
Scalability is the capacity of the system to accept more input and/or generate more output without significantly changing the system, both in throughput and in format. From a software perspective, this means (among other things) that the software should not be tied to the specific electronics platform it was originally developed for: it should be portable to the extent applicable to the software in question (e.g. it should not be limited to using a single core of the CPU by design if it is at all possible for it to parallelize certain parts of its logic, but for a firmware, it may very well be acceptable for at least part of the software to have to be re-written to put it on another platform).
This often means that your architecture needs to take your scalability requirements into account, but at the implementation-level, there are also scalability requirements that should not be lost from sight. Developer's guidelines can help ascertain that the software is portable, is not limited to specific communications protocols, file formats, etc.
Other Concerns For Guideline Quality
For the guideline itself, there are three things that can greatly improve its quality: presentation, structure and enforcement.
A guideline should be more than just a list of rules and regulations and should definitely not be a law book: it should be easily accessible, preferably something you could present as a wiki, and you should allow the programmers to comment, be able to give a rationale for most (if not all) of the rules you enforce.
The structure of the guideline should be clear: if a new programmer on the team asks himself "how should I do this?" he should be able to find the answer easily, not have to go through all of the rules to find his answer. Again, presenting the guidelines in a wiki, which usually means you can search it, is a good thing here, but the structure itself should lend itself for quick searches as well - especially for printed copies.
You should also enforce those rules that need enforcing, work on peer reviews, static analysis, etc. to make sure the rules are being followed. Guidelines that aren't followed eventually become inapplicable to the code, thus reducing the quality of the guideline as well as of the code.


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菲律賓暑期遊學團 Fundamentals Explained
菲律賓暑期遊學團Even so, these camps usually final only one or two months and therefore don't fill up many the summer months vacation split. This permits the Cadets (who are aged 12??18 a long time and for that reason the majority attend school) to attend the camps although however completing regular education. yrs aged youths organized through the community church buildings, aimed to combine the normal concept of confirmation college along with the more recent thought of summer camps as a way to fight secularization with the Modern society.|+# exam normalization/dictionary managing of halfwidth katakana: exact dictionary phrase in fullwidth and halfwidth|Some camps, such as CTY and Duke TIP, are targeted totally on education and learning or on instructional-similar activities, like debate, historical past, or journalism. These camps are sometimes operate by colleges or universities, and usually are for youngsters in junior or senior highschool. Instruction in debate and speech can also be readily available for middle college pupils and incoming highschool college students all around the region. Academic summertime camps are unique from summer months schools as the summer time camps usually usually are not presented for school credit score, and often have a major target non-educational pursuits.|+ // TODO: The worldwide mutex shouldn't be applied. // The worldwide mutex really should only be applied for short intervals. // A ICULanguageBreakFactory precise mutex should be used.|The summer camps are international and are meant for Jewish kids and teens from Israel and countries world wide.}
In France They are really named colonie de vacances or even more lately centre de vacances. In accordance with the French administration,[1] more than twenty five% of French young children attend this type of "collective holiday getaway" each and every year.
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Armed having a magic crown and also a icy heart, the Ice King has only one aim: to protected a wife by any suggests necessary.
{This is certainly an ordinary security check that we use to stop spammers from producing faux accounts and spamming people.|This is often partly because summer camps in the UK grew as an offshoot in the action getaway marketplace and were being hence affected by their adventure-only outdoor programme. The UK has for the past couple of a long time had several organisations which have proven by themselves additional together the normal product with an exceedingly big selection of holiday break options as well as themed camps and major event days. Some religious groups, such as the Christadelphians, also run well publicised and attended camps throughout the nation.|- "u1781u0b68u0f0cu3010u0085U00011f7au0020u0dd6u200bU000e007au000au2060u2026u002fu2026u24dcu101eu2014u2007u30a5",|Summer time camp is really a supervised plan for children or teens performed through the summer time months in some nations. Kids and adolescents who attend summer time camp are referred to as campers.|- "u3010u200bu2029ufeffufe6au275bU000e013bufe37u24d4u002du1806u256au1806u247cu0085u17ac",|These Directions on reflashing the base images are for reference only. Following them will void your Yún's warranty. Offers Record The record of obtainable offers for that Yún is offered listed here. See the list of adjustments. Terms of Use By downloading the software program from this web page, you agree to the required conditions.|- "u20a9u2014u00a2u31f1u002fu0020u05b8u200bu0cc2u003bu060du02c8ua4e8u002fu17d5",|These present highschool pupils with the opportunity to research an instructional topics on a summer months experience vacation software, generally inside the wilderness or even a foreign country.|-??uc0c1ud56d ??ud55cuc778 ??uc5f0ud569 ??uc7a5ub85cuad50ud68c ??u1109u1161u11bcu1112u1161u11bc ??u1112u1161u11abu110bu1175u11ab ??u110bu1167u11abu1112u1161u11b8 ??u110cu1161u11bcu1105u1169u1100u116du1112u116c ??
To finish the subscription, be sure to click on the website link in the email we just despatched you. Thanks for subscribing! Arduino
Gunter will be the identify the Ice King provides to all of his penguin servants, yet he pronounces it otherwise according to the penguin's personality.
Within the USSR, the primary summer months camps had been designed Soon after its establishment and ended up termed Young Pioneer camps through the Soviet Union's existence. Their range grew through the background on the Soviet Union they usually numbered more than forty thousand in 1973, with 9,300,000 little ones attending them all through their holiday each and every year. Once the breakup of your USSR, the number of Younger Pioneer camps drastically declined.
Several sports camps are of the 2nd variety, which focuses Virtually exclusively on just one distinct sport. These camps frequently center on click here aiding Every camper receive capabilities inside a Activity that support them obtain confidence and strengthen their likelihood of making the workforce whenever they return to school. Indeed, some campers are aided for being nationally aggressive By the use of read more this kind of intense summer season training. These camps commonly run 7 days-prolonged sessions, plus some campers may possibly attend multiple session Despite the fact that the curriculum repeats every week.

subset: commoncrawl


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|Pilot Town Meeting in Daytona Beach
|Monday, November 17
|Embry Riddle Aeronautical University
ICI Center—Fieldhouse
Clyde Morris Boulevard
|MEETING STARTS AT 7:30 p.m.
AOPA President Phil Boyer will hold a Pilot Town Meeting (PTM) in Daytona Beach, Florida, on Wednesday, November 17, 2003. During the PTM, Boyer will address hard-hitting facts about the state of general aviation and how the industry has changed in the two years since 9/11. He will discuss the most current national changes in regulations and legislation that affect all pilots. Boyer will also solicit pilots' views on the general aviation situation in their own areas of Florida during lively, interactive discussions.
Boyer will talk about perceived security issues facing the general aviation community and discuss AOPA's Airport Watch program, which is a joint venture with the Transportation Security Administration to help keep America's general aviation airports secure from terrorists.
At the Pilot Town Meeting, Boyer will also be celebrating a milestone that AOPA has achieved. Over the summer, the association topped the 400,000-member mark, making it the world's largest civil aviation organization.
Boyer will also outline a special tool that pilots can use as a reference when educating the public; it is the General Aviation Serving America Web site. This Web site is an initiative to educate the country about the important role of general aviation in the national economy and transportation system.
Phil Boyer, a 36-year veteran aviator and former network television senior executive, is the third full-time president in AOPA's 64-year history. Instrument and multiengine rated, he has logged nearly 7,000 flight hours, including two transatlantic crossings. He has been president of AOPA since January 1991.
Boyer has held over 300 Pilot Town Meetings since 1992, reporting to pilots all across the country and soliciting their feedback to keep AOPA action focused on current pilot concerns. To date, more than 65,000 pilots have participated in these Pilot Town Meetings.
AOPA represents pilots and owners of the 221,000 general aviation aircraft that constitute 92 percent of the U.S. civilian fleet.


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Submitted by Edgar on
by Baxter Black
Bein' a country vet, I've had my share of emergency calls regarding escaped animals. Feeder steers in City Park, buffalo at the mall or snakes in the school yard. But none of my rescue missions can compare to Gary's tale entitled "THE DAY IKE TOURED FAIRVIEW." Even thirty years ago Fairview, UT put on a pretty good rodeo. Gary happened to be mounted and in the arena when the bull ridin' began.
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Porsche Centre Calgary has the largest used Porsche inventory in Calgary. This lineup of pre-owned luxury cars is comprehensive, inspected and high quality.
A Porsche Certified-Pre Owned vehicle undergoes a stringent process so that it is returned as close as possible to its original new condition. Only a Porsche authorized dealership, like Porsche Centre Calgary, can provide this level of commitment, expertise, and certified approval. Each vehicle has met the model year or mileage restrictions, has no engine or body modifications and has passed a comprehensive mechanical and appearance test.
If you happen to want a vehicle and it isn't currently on the lot, please fill out a Pre-owned Vehicle Request form and we will begin the process of looking to get that vehicle in for you.
Owning a Porsche is a major milestone in your life. At Porsche Centre Calgary we pride ourselves in providing the highest quality used Porsches to ensure you are getting what you paid for, and even more. With Porsche's Approved Certified Pre-Owned limited warranty, you can be secure in your investment. In case of issues, this comprehensive warranty covers 100% of the cost of materials and labor for covered components.
Come to Porsche Centre Calgary to learn more about owning a Certified Pre-Owned Porsche.


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So How do I Market?
Today I held a Free Webinar on Marketing the first in a series! You can watch it on the YouTube Channel and don't forget to subscribe over there too! I share a bit about my story and how I got started on this entrepreneurial journey.
If you're looking for a way to market whatever it is in your business, then you NEED to watch this!
Then go sign up for the email course that goes along with it!


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Selecting your vehicle's make, model, and year allows us to display only parts and items specific to your car's model and year.
Part# EDL1209
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Be the First to Review
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Featuring fully CNC machined intake ports, combustion chambers and exhaust ports the Edelbrock E-CNC cylinder heads are designed for improved performance. Each cylinder head maintains the stock 23° valve angle and intake flange bolt pattern for use with 1986 and earlier intake manifolds. These E-CNC cylinder heads are ideal for high performance street and light duty racing applications which deliver up to 30+ horsepower over Performer RPM cylinder heads. Available in bare or complete applications and in 185cc, 225cc, 260cc, 275cc or 300cc configurations.


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A paper by Jack Saunders on how an unofficial network of workplace union reps/dockworkers defeated the 1971 Industrial Relations Act.
|how to kill an act of parliament.pdf
A paper by Jack Saunders on how an unofficial network of workplace union reps/dockworkers defeated the 1971 Industrial Relations Act.
|how to kill an act of parliament.pdf
The past two weeks have seen mass walkouts and wildcat strikes by thousands of garment workers. After five years the industry's minimum wage structure has been adjusted but workers have rejected...
Collective Action's review of Solidarity Federation's recently published book 'Fighting for Ourselves: Anarcho-syndicalism and the class struggle'.
A statement of solidarity from Iowa's Wild Rose Collective to the student strikes in Quebec.
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1 follower
1 follower
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Im insane
CS player since 2002 Name: Piotrek Age: 21 Country: PROLAND
video games are nice.
31 followers
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I love ks. Plat II. Main Supp.
Hit or miss... I guess they never miss, huh? : )
Playing R6:Siege, PUBG, Rocket League & more!
SmyLi French semi professional player CS:GO playing for Limitless
Poker is like sex if you dont have a good partner you better have a good hand.


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Jujubee has released the very first screenshots of KURSK, a first person "proper adventure-documentary game in history" and "It will tell the tragic story of the submarine that sank to the bottom of the Barents Sea on August 12, 2000 with all 118 crew members on board.". The first time we heard about the game is from last year's gamescom, with only a CGI teaser trailer to show it off.
For more information about the game, check out the game's website here.


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Texas Police in Hot Water Over Katy Perry?
Now we now what police use the dashboard cams for...
Here's a video that's quickly going viral of two Texas police officers lip syncing Katy Perry's "Dark Horse."
People are making a HUGE deal about this. Like they are terrible cops for doing this. I think we need to worry about the bad things that some cops do when the cameras are off. Relax people. :)


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Training camp is just around the corner and that means we get to see how injuries are doing, how the short summer effected the guys and we get to check out the newest signings and the invitees. I was going to pick one thing I am most excited about seeing, but that is impossible. I want it all !
So many questions come with the new season, new faces to see, new names to learn and new anxiety .. waiting to see how it all plays out. Don't ya just love it ? !!
The New Guys :
Marco Sturm - 32 yrs old, left winger, played his last game for Washington in May 2010/11. Possibly a new beginning for Marco, if his knees hold up. Can he be a 20+ goal scorer with those knees ? I'm rooting for him ;) Hmm , I wonder if he can talk Ovi into coming to Van ! (justkidding.. kinda )
Mark Mancari - 26 yrs old, right winger, played his last game with Buffalo in April 2011. Mark will have to get gritty and play hard if he wants a spot on the Canucks roster. Is he possibly just some more padding for the Wolves ?
Byron Bitz - 27 yrs old, right winger, played his last NHL season in 2009/10 with the Panthers. We want this guy just for the 'bitz' jokes ;) Biggest problem I see with Byron is the fact he played for the Bruins once upon a time. Hope he got the Bruin cooties out of his system ;)
Andrew Ebbett - 28 yr old, Center, played his last NHL game with Phoenix in April 2011. Not the biggest guy, we'll see where he fits come Oct but my guess is he will be with the Wolves.
Steven Pinizzotto - 27 yrs old, right winger, played for the AHL Hershey Bears in 2010/2011. Steve hasn't played in an NHL game yet , looking forward to seeing what this guy is bringing... other than a name that will be fun to nicname. Is Steve going from a bear to a wolf ?
Alexander Sulzer - 27 yrs old, defenceman, played with Florida in the 2010/2011 season. Alexander is the only dman on this list .. what's up with that ? That means we have an awesome defensive core unit and Alex has his work cut out for him.
Mike Duco - 24 yrs old, Right winger, played his last NHL game with Florida in March 2011. Already a fan non-favorite due to his twitters about our twins and the Canucks, this guy has a tough road ahead of him. I forgive him but do you and thousands of other Canucks fans ? #freeduco
Invitees :
Owen Nolan - 39 yrs old, right winger, spent his 2010/11 season in the Swiss league. I know many may feel due to his age, this isn't someone we need right now. I beg to differ. Either way, this is Owens chance to get his butt back into the NHL and I am very excited to see him in training camp. Kudos to the Canucks for this invite.
Manny Legace - 39 yrs old, Goalie, spent 2011 playing in Germany for a team called the.. Roosters ( haha ) . When Canucks invited Legace to training camp, the talk started. Why another goalie ? Is MG planning a goalie move ? My take - let's have a vet backup goalie for Lack and when trade deadline comes, MG has the option of using Schneids as trade fodder and we will have a vet backup for Luo in the playoffs. All we can do for now is speculate and see how close we come to being right.
Todd Fedoruk - 32 yrs old, left winger, played his last game in the NHL in Tampa Bay 2009/10. This tough guy has been involved in some legendary fights, including one with Boogaard in 2006 which shattered his face. Todd has admitted to having a drug and alcohol issue in the past but says he is now clean and sober and ready to roll. With the support from the Canucks organization , could this be Todds chance to make a comeback into the NHL ?
Steve Begin - 33 yr old agitating winger , spent his 2010/11 season in the AHL. Will having Steve there, fighting for what he feels may be his last chance to play in the NHL as a winger, make Vichy ( Oreskovich ) step up. Vichy sits unsigned at the moment and Max Lappy needs a 4th line winger at his side. Can Steve begin again ? ;)
* I've not covered every new guy or invitee.. so for a complete list click Here ;)
Training camp also gives us the chance to see how our boys & their injuries have progressed/healed. Mason Raymond, Mikael Samuelsson, Ryan Kesler, Chris Higgins, Henrik Sedin, Alex Edler, Kevin Bieksa, Mannys eye.... Wow we did get beat up last season didn't we ?! :( Get well quick guys !
Prospects Young Stars Tournament - Penticton B.C - Sept. 11- Sept 15
Training Camp - Sept. 16 - Sept. 19
First Pre season Game - Sept. 20th !!!!! :)
Tuesday, 6 September 2011
Training Camp
Posted by Ellie at 12:15 pm
4 comments:
Considering I still haven't forgiven Keith Tkachuk for trying to give Henrik a third eye all those years ago...Duco still has major grovelling to do...ReplyDelete
You'll be a tough one to crack ;). Duco has a bumpy road here in Van that he needs to pave.ReplyDelete
- ChickAss7 September 2011 at 17:21
Free Duco!!ReplyDelete
(But DON'T Passittobulis!
hahahaha Chick .. tff !ReplyDelete
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To Those Who Like to Just Sit Quietly and Smell the Flowers: Combatting Hypermasculine Tradition with PacifismPosted: May 16, 2016 Filed under: Literature 4 Comments
The Story of Ferdinand (1936) by Munro Leaf
Illustrated by Robert Lawson
"All the other little bulls he lived with would run and jump and butt their heads together, but not Ferdinand. He liked to just sit quietly and smell the flowers."
Joe's Rating: 5/5 ("Well, it's perfect to me.")
I was first introduced to this marvelous and indispensable children's book by Elliott Smith in a 1998 MTV interview with Carson Daly. Daly asks a clearly uninterested Smith about his tattoo, who succinctly summarizes the short book, saying: "It's a children's story. It's called 'Ferdinand.' It's like a bull who doesn't want to go to the bullfight, but he does."
When I was three years old, my family and I travelled to Seoul to go visit some relatives on my mother's side of the family.
To preface the following story, I would like to reiterate that I was only three years old at the time, and most people don't remember a thing from ages three and below, so I am going to function as the unreliable narrator here, à la Chief Bromden: "It's still hard for me to have a clear mind thinking on it. But it's the truth even if it didn't happen."
I cannot recall much from my trip to Seoul, other than the weird-tasting corn dog that I had eaten, the delicious grape slushie that I had enjoyed, the buttery birthday cake that my aunt had made (we celebrated my sister Helen's fifth birthday at her house) and the extremely fun time that I had had at Lotte World, which is, in a way, like the Disneyland of South Korea. I also remember the locals asking my parents if they could take pictures with me and my sister, which I later learned was because they had never seen half-Asian and half-white kids before—though all of this, while remotely comical, is beside the point.
One of my relatives, Dong, worked at a school, so I had the opportunity to visit it and meet some of the schoolchildren. What I especially remember is that it was a sunny day. I was in the schoolyard. All of the schoolchildren were wrestling each other, and now it was my turn to fight. I remember looking up at the behemoth of a five year old towering over me with a mischievous grin on his face stretching from cheek to cheek, the sun burning my eyes.
"'Why don't you run and play with the other bulls and skip and butt your head?' she would say. But Ferdinand would shake his head. 'I like it better here where I can sit quietly and smell the flowers.'"
And then I remember him grabbing me and pushing me to the ground. Everyone was laughing, and I was crying. I didn't want to fight. I was scared. Why would I wrestle this kid in the first place? I just could not see the point.
Granted, when I got older, I practiced kung fu for about five years when I was in elementary and middle school, and I wrestled for four years (I was no Abe Lincoln or John Irving, but I was okay), so I cannot say that I am beyond fighting for sport. I love watching mixed martial arts fights whenever I get the chance, and in addition, I do take guilty pleasure in watching dugout-clearing brawls, fiery scuffles between NFL players, and heated altercations between NBA players—I've watched the video of "The Malice at the Palace" how many times now?
But I think all of what I have just written about goes to show how deeply engrained hypermasculinity and violence is, not only within Western society, but within Eastern society as well and presumably in many places all over the world.
For example, see Madrid, where The Story of Ferdinand takes place. It is no secret that bullfighting is a prominent tradition in Spanish culture, although banned in some areas of Spain now, and matadors have been participating in bullfights for centuries now. The pleasure in bullfighting arises from the fact that humankind—I'd say man here, but that'd be unfair and inaccurate as there are female matadores who exhibit hypermasculine qualities too—has prevailed over what it perceives as being a beast, that the supposedly superior species has exhibited physical dominance over the supposedly inferior species.
Which brings me back to my initial question: why would I fight this kid in the first place?
"What they wanted most of all was to be picked to fight at the bull fights in Madrid."
People fight to defend themselves, but in this case, I would hardly say that I was defending myself, because I had agreed—even though I was scared—to wrestle this kid. I had become an active agent in this fight; I wasn't merely being attacked against my will, I had agreed to be attacked.
I wanted to win. Deep down, I wanted to prove that I was stronger than him, but I wasn't, so that made me cry. The primordial nature of fighting and how rooted in our biology it is fascinates me to this day. Our evolutionary ancestors, the hominids, had been fighting since their conception for survival and dominance.
Today, many men still place a great emphasis on dominance in the form of physicality and sexuality in assessing their own self-worth. I know men who work out either so that they can really hurt someone in a fight or so that they can impress their romantic interests, which is rather ridiculous in my opinion, because I think the most obvious reason that people should exercise is so that they can lead healthy lives—hence the nonsense surrounding hypermasculinity.
"All the other bulls who had grown up with him in the same pasture would fight each other all day. They would butt each other and stick each other with their horns."
But we no longer live in a primitive world that requires this of human beings. So, why do we fight each other and how exactly do we survive?
We survive and thrive by forming meaningful relationships with others, by offering them help when they need it, by bringing some sunlight into the lives of those immersed in the vast darkness of the world. Of course, there are times where we have to physically defend ourselves, but there is a fine difference between initiating violence and responding to it. You can respond with action or by running away, and running away is not a sign of cowardice—it is a sign of intelligence. That is why in the United States assault and battery are crimes, whereas self-defense or running away from dangerous situations are not crimes.
"Ferdinand ran to the middle of the ring and everyone shouted and clapped because they thought he was going to fight fiercely and butt and snort and stick his horns around. But not Ferdinand. When he got to the middle of the ring he saw flowers in all the lovely ladies' hair and he just sat down quietly and smelled."
Which is why I love The Story of Ferdinand, because Ferdinand's refusal to fight is an absolute rejection of anyone who subscribes to the idea of organizing fights for the sake of fallaciously and egotistically extolling the glory of humankind. More importantly, it teaches children—as well as adults—the values of pacifism and how closely it is associated with honor.
"He wouldn't fight and be fierce no matter what they did. He just sat and smelled. And the Banderilleros were mad and the Picadors were madder and the Matador was so mad he cried because he couldn't show off his cape and sword."
Why fight when inaction and words are in fact our most powerful weapons? Any history class could teach you of the successes of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi through their respective practices of pacifism and uses of well-grounded reason. To quote the Midnight Marauders Tour Guide (from A Tribe Called Quest's amazing album Midnight Marauders): "You're not any less of a man if you don't pull the trigger. You're not necessarily a man if you do."
So that is why I have nothing but the utmost respect for those who like to just sit quietly and smell the flowers.
"And for all I know he is sitting there still, under his favorite cork tree, smelling the flowers just quietly. He is very happy."
4 Comments on "To Those Who Like to Just Sit Quietly and Smell the Flowers: Combatting Hypermasculine Tradition with Pacifism"
This was one of my favorite books as a kid! Great post Joe 🙂
This blog is really cool! I like your writing. Hope to see you next time I'm in SLO town


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I headed up to London on Saturday armed with on a couple of recently acquired paperbacks ( something more like a swordstick would have been more appropriate for wandering the Edgware road on my way to the Vic). I was already at the cutting edge, alongside Jambon, Dave Lu, Ed Rogers and his buddy Dave. We had all made it to the O2 arena to watch "POWERSNOOKER" which is marketed to be snooker's equivalent of 20/20 cricket, with glamorous girls, music, lights, audience participation and a plentiful supply of £4 pints. The standard was a little poorer than I expected, by that I mean standard of dress, Ali Carter wore an absolutely horrific lime green shirt that was an affront to even my colour blind vision.
The "shot clock" meant that players only had 20 seconds to take each stroke, however, they seemed to rush unduly, obviously unfamiliar with this format they seemed to put themselves under pressure to play way faster than they needed to and it must be said that the quality of play did suffer for this. Other facets of the game included the "Powerzone", which was the area behind the baulk line, potting from here would entitle you to double points. One of the 9 reds was also a "Powerball", upon being potted a two minute "Powerplay" would be instigated during which players scored double points. Points were all that counted, each game lasted 30 minutes, points counted, frames didn't.
The atmosphere was pretty good, much to the crowd's amusement referee Michaela Tabb would announce "Powerzone" every time the cueball returned to baulk, it did seem rather funny after a few pints, I think it was the Scottish accent. Audience participation amounted to cries of "Powerzone", mocking Jimmy White's errors, and a rather borderline cry of "You can do it" in a Chinese accent with definite overtones of Cockney to inspire Ding, he also was on the receiving end of a few Ding-Dong type puns. Unfortunately I had to leave early as the last train back to safety of Devon departed at 8pm, alas it was not to be thanks to my inept taxi driver. I sought refuge at the Vic, I was thrilled to learn that my allnighter was to be extended by an extra hour thanks to the changing of the clocks. Once I finally boarded the train at Paddington and rested my weary limbs I was trodden on twice by the "Professor" who had taken the seat opposite me on the table, she failed to apologise either time.
Was good to see Jambon and Dave again, the relaxed atmosphere meant it was possible to chat during the play. We also had dinner at Gaucho which was was rather good, I've only eaten at one once before and that was with James in Amsterdam. Oh, and Ronnie won btw.


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A Sydney man charged with attempting to travel to Syria and Iraq to fight alongside Islamic State will spend the next two months behind bars.
Amin Elmir, 27, tried to travel from Turkey to the conflict zone between April and June this year but ultimately failed, counter-terror officers allege.
He did not apply for bail during a brief appareance at Bankstown Local Court on Thursday and will stay in custody until March.
Elmir was charged with preparing for incursion into foreign countries to engage in hostile activities, which carries a maximum penalty of life behind bars.
Police have consistently warned people against travelling to conflict zones, Australian Federal Police Acting Assistant Commissioner Jennifer Hurst said on Thursday.
"We again want to emphasise that actively making plans to join groups in those areas is a criminal offence," Ms Hurst said.
NSW Police Assistant Commissioner Mark Murdoch said in light of recent events at home and overseas, it was more important than ever for the community and police to work together.
"You are our eyes and ears. Help us to keep everyone safe," Mr Murdoch said.
Elmir will face court again on March 2.


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i can not say enough about this project. seriously the best clients ever with an amazing product to boot. cory and janina started the socially conscious fashion brand aduzad. they support the local artisans of octavalo ecuador and each item is a 100% authentic and ethically produced. not only are there products gorgeous, there prices are totally reasonable! please check out there stuff here.
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"Anything worth doing, is worth over doing" -Mick Jagger.
The Gallery Gift Shop presents their March Collection featuring designers and builders alike. I've been going off and on since last December and I think this spring round is one of my favorites so far. If you would like more information or see past collections visit their website here.
For my Learning 2 Style entry for Tuesday, I wanted to go rogue like and implement some digi prints in today's outfit. These skinny jeans from Nudolu were perfect for a spring digi fest and are available at TGGS (The Gallery Gift Shop) for 120L a pair (4 pairs available).
Also picked up several other items from Zibska Jewelry and Hinako hair, while I was there and once again took a small 'cam' tour, to see who came to participate. The landscaper is none other than doP Kidd of KIDD grass, a must for any SL would- be gardener! You may find that some creators also have their offerings transferable for easy gifting.
Do scroll down to view the credits and take the time to visit the Gallery Gift Shop :)
Featured Items:
>>Nudolu Skinny Jeans Geo/Ocean by Neuilles Neuman Available at TGGS
8+ black Jazz Sweater by Cris Leakey
>>Hinako Nako Hair in mocha by Hinako Available at TGGS
pesca canvas sneakers in dotnavy by Tsugu Nirvana Available at the Arcade
>>Jewelry Zibska kiyomi necklace and earrings Available at TGGS
Handverk's tetrahedron clutch water
>>Skin Glam Affair's Luria 11 Available at the Arcade
*Poses from Purple*
Taxi to Gallery Gift Shop Monthy Event
TGGS Website
TGGS Flickr Pool


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Miley Cyrus & the Double Standard of the "Conscious Rap" Argument
For the better part of its history, the conversation surrounding the morality of hip-hop has always played, ironically, like a broken record.
It always starts with a similar tune, one of faux concern and moral grandstanding by its biggest critics, followed by either an outcry for it to change or the denial of its cultural impact, only for the record to eventually skip. The stylus is reset, the song begins again, and we continuously make the same mistake every single time.
A week ago, Billboard published an interview with pop star Miley Cyrus, in which she vehemently stated that her musical stylings had changed from her well-known attempts at a hip-hop/pop crossover to more traditional, pop/rock creations. In tow were several pointed shots at current hip-hop music, in which Cyrus blamed the vulgarity and vanity of rap music for why she felt compelled to transition in a different direction. In her words, "It was too much 'Lamborghini, got my Rolex, got a girl on my cock'—I am so not into that."
The endless narrative of hip-hop's morality began its loop once again.
The misappropriation of hip-hop by pop artists carries very little nuance, sadly. As Complex's Ross Scarano expertly examined last year, pop artists, specifically white pop artists such as Post Malone and Justin Bieber, have always had the privilege of stepping into hip-hop when it suits them the best, while ultimately having the even greater privilege of breaking away from it when the well runs dry.
Miley Cyrus' case bears much of the same resemblance, as one has to look no further than her Bangerz album, executive produced by Mike WiLL Made-It with features from Big Sean, Future, and French Montana. Yet, according to Cyrus, those same influences that brought about her most lucrative and successful album not affiliated with her Hannah Montana show are too much of a moral burden to bear these days.
Even more interesting than her initial comments to Billboard was Cyrus' subsequent apology, in which she rephrased her initial stance on rap by stating that she was "gravitating more towards uplifting, conscious rap." In so many words, Cyrus went on to say that she was still a fan of all genres of music, but that at this point in time she feels the "younger generation needs to hear positive powerful lyrics." Therein lies the skip in the record, and the much more important discussion of the misappropriation of hip-hop by pop artists is swept away by an undertow of moral self-righteousness, troubling racial undertones, and the double standard that surrounds hip-hop lyrics. The ugly head of "conscious rap" rears its ugly, manipulative head, and around we go.
The idea of "conscious rap" has always been an abstract one at best. It's rarely used in a productive manner, and most times serves as the catalyst for rap's biggest critics to define what rap music "should" be without ever talking about specifics. It's an ill-defined level of social and political awareness, too often confused with that of being "better" or more "positive" rap, without the conversation surrounding why those level of consciousness are more valuable being unpacked.
The purpose of that abstraction more than likely stems from the fact that "conscious rap" is less an echelon of music that fans and critics alike hope that hip-hop's biggest artists can one day achieve, and more of a tool used to deflect the conversation away from actual progress in the way of lyrical analysis. This never-ending double standard allows for critics of hip-hop, even those like Cyrus who were actually complicit in creating such music, to pick and choose which artists they deem unfit to carry the torch for "conscious rap." The "conscious rap" argument distorts the conversation, injecting a false sense of objectivity about progressive and purposeful lyrics into the subjective medium of music, and one's own particular taste in rap music.
That act of condemnation is no more apparent than in Cyrus' initial interview in which she quotes Kendrick Lamar's "HUMBLE." as an example of socially progressive rap. She states, "But I also love that Kendrick song: 'Show me somethin' natural like ass with some stretch marks.' I love that because it's not 'Come sit on my dick, suck on my cock.' I can't listen to that anymore."
Despite the fact that her quote reeks of Fox News rhetoric, Cyrus' justification for enjoying Kendrick Lamar while indicting other unnamed rappers is entirely problematic.
Most striking is the specific example Miley cites, which conflates Kendrick's earnestness about a woman's appearance with that of the socially progressive rapper, while also failing to point out that Kendrick also raps lyrics like "Ooh that pussy good, won't you sit it on my taste bloods" in the very same song. Furthermore, as examined by Garfield Hylton in March, the crowning of rappers like Kendrick Lamar as "conscious" or "woke" very seldom works as an objective analysis of what should be considered as progressive or destructive rap, as the labeling of "conscious rap" may, in fact, be just as detrimental.
Cyrus, like the many other critical voices of hip-hop culture during the many iterations of this same conversation, also seems to confuse the idea of vulgar rap lyrics and misogyny in rap. Quotes like "Come sit on my dick, suck on my cock" carry the conversation in a troubling direction that steers it further away from addressing actual instances of misogyny in rap. It plays as a distraction from the truth instead of an unveiling of the problematic relationship rap music has with women. Instead, Cyrus only serves up an example of vulgar language—stereotypical lyrics about expensive cars and jewelry—and the very casual disownment of an entire genre of music on faulty grounds.
What Miley Cyrus said will be said again, eventually, and like every time those words have been uttered before, the conversation we have about it will become dismantled. It will pit the Kendrick Lamars of the rap world against the Rich Homie Quans within a moral arena in which we collectively dissect who the progressive and regressive rapper actually is. Artists like Miley Cyrus, and what can best be described as a cognitive dissonance with hip-hop, will continue to seek reassurance that morality and musical taste are one in the same, without ever looking in the mirror to see how they may have inflated those same narratives.
As with past critics who fell into this same discussion of "conscious rap," Miley Cyrus doesn't care if the argument falls apart because, sooner or later, someone's going to start the record over again.


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What if you could help Women in Cleantech and Sustainability while helping yourself? And what if doing that would also help the planet?
These aren't hypothetical questions. Through our partnership with MyDomino, you can do all of this -- with very little effort. MyDomino is a concierge service that helps people reduce their carbon footprint and save money, with actions as small as switching to LEDs or as big as going solar.
By Maria Ava
The nightmare of global warming and climate change is usually blamed on pollution from vehicles and manufacturing. However, what many concerned with climate change fail to realize is that capitalism as a system is the driving force behind these sources of pollution. Without capitalism, there would be no impetus for mass production. Therefore, capitalism is the cause of climate change, while pollution is the symptom -- or so argues Naomi Klein's new movie, This Changes Everything, in which she documents everyday people and the impact capitalism and climate change has on their lives.
By Dawn Lippert
Originally published on Energy Excelerator
Aloha, Dawn here. As 2015 comes to a close, the Energy Excelerator team would like to recognize our fellow innovators paving the way for the next generation of cleantech leaders. There is nothing more powerful to me than working with others who are excellent at what they do and are committed wholeheartedly to a vision. Here are 15 female colleagues and pioneers doing just that:
Want to contribute?
We're always looking for a fresh perspective and good content. Please email us if you're interested.
January 2019


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- Creative
- Animation
- Film Production
- Fine Art
- Graphic Design
- Illustration
- Music Production
- Photography
- UI/UX Design
- Writing
Just made it in the class before the September 4th deadline was up. Really excited to be learning under the same engineer who has not only given great advice from lectures I've attended previously (SAE Institute in Chicago), but someone whose work is pure inspiration as to why I do music in the first place.
The journey starts here...
Removing my mix settings from my Skillshare contest entry...
Gonna upload the full story about the mix/song in my new (edited) project gallery submission.
Overall, Young Guru had a lot of insightful advice through not only his technical abilities, but his metaphors and anecdotes to really drive home his points in the lessons.
Now, I really have what it takes to mix down my own records and do mixes for my fellow artists. I think I have a great shot at winning this contest.
From this point on I'll be discussing my song/mix entry, "Who Knew? / Summer F*ck", for the Young Guru x Skillshare contest.
I decided to go with GarageBand to record, edit and mix down my record because of my previous familiarity with the DAW. I understand that Logic would have been more beneficial for me in the long run, but I feel that I have enough time to learn the DAW going forward and I wanted to be sure I had a legitimate entry for this contest as this song is really something I feel could win the grand prize.
Moving forward, after I co-produced the record with my partner, Tone808's, I wrote and recorded the song shortly after. From there, I decided what feeling I wanted the song to emphasize and searched through a few presets of effects, guitar amps, etc. to see if anything stuck out to give it that creative boost I needed and fit the overall theme of the song (a crush-turned-relationship with a girl only to discover it was only physical attraction... which plays into the "Summer F*ck" section).
So here's a screenshot of what I had recorded on the Unmixed version:
The song clocks in around or a little bit over 6 minutes, but because of the transitions and switches in the song, I've received much feedback that it does not feel like a 6 minute listen. As the engineer and co-producer, I wanted to make sure the mix played a part in the experience to keep listeners interested and on their toes.
Overall, I feel the mix is definitely exemplary for my first-time using my new found skills through Young Guru's teachings. I hope that he feels the same way!
Here are the links for the UNMIXED and MIXED versions of my project/contest entry song, "Who Knew?":
Unmixed ---
Mixed ---


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A hot hook up at a celebrity wedding leaves Porter Campbell wanting a whole lot more of gorgeous Stiegen Lange. Unfortunately for Porter, Stiegen's career as a voice over actor is skyrocketing, and a serious relationship isn't in his plans. Their hours together in Miami were more than a booty call for Porter, but what can he do?
Stiegen finds solace in Porter's arms when his best friend nearly dies. Then, he organizes an unforgettable weekend of passion with Porter back in Boston. His feelings deepen. Saying good-bye to Porter gets harder every time, leaving him wondering whether his career can remain the center of his universe.
Because Porter's in it for love and won't settle for less.
Swoon! Celebrities, Miami, hot hookups and serious romance. M/M fans, Boston Boyfriends is a must buy for yourself and other romance readers on your gift list. Available December 16 from Loose Id and at your favorite electronic retailers.
Thanks, Valerie Tibbs for my fantastic cover!


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Greeting and Peace to you, friends and family,
First of all, I would like to thank all of you for your prayers, thoughts, cares and support of all kinds and forms through all the crazy escapades and adventures life takes me on, but especially for your recent support of the trip I had the blessing of going on with a wonderful team from Hot Metal Bridge Faith Community to Chiapas, Mexico. I am always so blessed by the community that surrounds me to encourage, hold me accountable and challenges me to go the next step in life. It will be so difficult for me to express the gratitude of my heart and the amazement of the trip as a whole, but I will do my best in this short report.
After few troubles getting to Matzam and one piece of luggage missing somewhere between the U.S and Tuxla airport, we made it to our destination, the beautiful village of Matzam in Chiapas, the southern most region of Mexico right near Guatemala. The people there are Tzeltal, descendants of the Mayans, and speak their own language of Tzeltal. This is the 5th year our group has returned to the Chiapas region to work with Pastor Pablo and his wife Jan who work with the Presbyterian churches in the areas surrounding where they live in the town Ocasingo, of which Matzam is one of. The need there the last few years has been building a new church building around the old one, which they have outgrew. So when we got there this time the job before us was tearing down the old church with an arsenal of hand tools. With sledgehammers, digging bars, chisels, pick axes and plenty of bote's (buckets) in hand, we started Monday with the week's work. We thought for sure that the destruction of the old church within the new shell was going to take most of the week itself, but with the 16 of us, and the 40-so Tzeltal men, who we were working along side of, we knocked it out in one day! So, the rest of the week was mostly hauling the rubble from the church and dumping it over a small hillside at the other end of the community compound, where they were using it to build a new foundation for a kitchen; they recycle everything! We finished off the work that week by laying over 2 tons of concrete, by hand mind you, on the ground so that the new church could be used as soon as it dried. With the old church out of the way, and new roof and floor completed, our week's manual labor was such a feat looking back on it. Interspersed throughout the week were other adventures as well. We played and "taught" 100 some kids from the villages the first two evenings through a program they do through the church, and despite our lack of preparation and expertise, it was an amazing time with them; sometimes you just need an excuse to gather and share time together, I guess a bunch of crazy white people singing songs and playing silly games was a good one. On Thursday we visited a neighboring villages church and shared a meal with them before their service; they were so hospitable and welcoming. Nearing the end of our week, we embarked on our annual pilgrimage up one of the mountain peeks towering over the villages. with the village at it's foothills and already being above 7000 ft above sea level, it was only about a 3 hour hike up and down. i remembered vividly the beauty of the environment from my first trip in 2009, but no matter how amazing i remembered it to be, nothing compared to being there again; in the midst of the jungle foliage, on top of the hills, among the cattle, with wind ripping through your hair. After reaching the top, pastor Jeff lead us in a time of silence and prayer, and in that moment with a ragtag, eclectic group of Americans and two Tzeltal friends, i felt that still quiet voice whisper to my soul, "life is beautiful, don't forget"
It's amazing what people can do when, out of love for one another, embrace a vision, work hard, volunteer time as a gift to one another. None of the workers were paid; we weren't paid, they weren't paid. On both sides, we sacrificed our own means of income for a week, and came together and gave what we could, no matter how old, young, rich, poor, American or Tzeltal. We shared our lives together for a week and when I think about it, it was really such a minimal sacrifice, but there was such a huge reward in our lives from that time. I really believe that when we as people come together, sacrifice ourselves, give of our resources, talents, and time for the sake of each other as a gift, we see something beautiful, we see the kingdom of God. This idea of "divine gift economy", which was rich in the New Testaments book of Acts as it describes the early Christian church, has been something I have been thinking about a lot lately and I was so encouraged to see it in action that week. It happened between people, who in ever other situation, have nothing to do with each other, but because we recognize each other as brothers and sisters, we bridge the gaps and tear down the walls that usually divide us. We surrender our previous affiliations and obligations to meet together in humility to learn from each other and work together, and this wonderful thing happens. The week ended with a church service we shared together in Matzam, outside as the cement was drying. Their congregation's "presidente'", who serves as a lay preacher, closed out the service letting us know that they pray for us throughout the year and truly consider us as part of they're family; I was almost in tears with this revelation. We were family, despite all our differences and the thousands of miles that usually are between us, because family is love; God is love, and we together see this in each other. They handed out bread and soda for everyone at the end of the service and I couldn't help but think, "this is communion". We sang the doxology together all in our own language, some in English, Spanish, but mostly in Tzeltal;
"Praise God from whom all blessings flow
Praise Him all creatures here below
Praise Him above ye heavenly hosts
Praise Father, Son and Holy Ghost, Amen"
|the old within the new
|sidewalk chalkin'
|tearin' down walls
|who needs power tools?
|Matzam Hardcore 2011
|breakin' hammers in the hot sun
|mas mas refrescos!
|reusing the rubble to build a new kitchen foundation of a hill side
|the women graciously let us help with the corn
|mixin' concrete by hand... a lot of it
|just add water, it's that easy!
|the men workin' hard on the roof before the rain comes
|pastor Jeff learning Tzeltal numbers and teaching English
|Playing some songs for the kids
|the architects didn't have us in mind
|yoga, doing our bodies good
|week's work done! old church gone, new roof and floor!
|time for a hike
|such a beautiful place
|breathtaking, the scenery that is
|one of our lovely guides
|the hiking crew
|well... it rained on our way down
|let's close out with a meal.


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We wish to establish and develop an exemplary company
which delivers solutions that support individuals as well as the
companies they work for, in delivering unprecedented business results.
- Thomas Bulow, Co-founder
Thomas Bülow, Executive Board Member & Co-founder: Sales Executive with 20+ years experience in solution selling, B2B sales organization management and business development. Thomas has worked with sales strategy and sales management and has held various sales positions in the high tech industry in the US, consulting positions in international management consulting firms and a senior leadership role in a large financial services company.
Thomas has a BA in Industrial Engineering from the University of Odense, Denmark.
email: firstname.lastname@example.com | phone: +45 51 49 06 94 | Linkedin Profile
Ulrik Monberg, Executive Board Member & Co-founder: Entrepreneur, Trusted Advisor and Management Consultant. Ulrik has 17+ years of experience in selling and delivering complex digital transformation projects to large international enterprises. He has held various positions in management consulting companies in Scandinavia and the Middle East and has over the last years co-founded a number of start-up companies within digital transformation.
Ulrik has a MSc in Planning and Management from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and a Strategic Board Education and Certification from Board Governance.
email: firstname.lastname@example.com | phone: +45 31 46 31 56 | Linkedin Profile
Jakob Soderberg, Executive Board Member & Co-founder: Business Development Consultant with 19+ years of experience within B2B sales, communication & marketing execution. Jakob has always been focused on helping companies increase sales and improve profitability and has held various positions in the high tech industry as well as management positions in export companies.
Jakob attended the Business School of Aarhus where he earned a BA in Marketing.
email: firstname.lastname@example.com | phone: +1 650 422 8848 | Linkedin Profile
Christian Wimmelmann, VP Sales and Marketing: Sales Executive with 15+ years experience in sales, solution selling, B2B sales, B2C sales, organization management, customer experience management, strategy and business development. Christian has held various positions in major companies within primarily telco and finance, being responsible for sales and customer service on a senior leadership level
Christian holds a Master in economics and law from Copenhagen Business School, Denmark.
Email: email@example.com | phone: +4521244041 | LinkedIn Profile
Daniel Kallestrup, Business Development Manager. With his great personality, a passion for sales, and excellent analytical skills, Daniel leads our inside sales team and helps us secure our ambitious growth strategy.
Daniel has a Master's degree in Finance & Strategic Management from Copenhagen Business School.
email: firstname.lastname@example.com | phone: +45 26 74 73 92
Kathrine K. Lauridsen, Business Development Manager. Kathrine takes care of our business development efforts. Her positive enthusiasm is highly contagious and helps us stay focused.
Kathrine has a bachelor in Business economics and commercial law.
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Lars Schmidt Steffensen, Business Development. Lars is part of the Customer Success Team working with customer onboarding and support. In addition he assists with describing and maintaining online processes and manuals. Besides working in ARPEDIO Lars freelance at the consultant company Strategos. Here he works with strategic execution and implementation.
Lars studies at the Copenhagen Business School and by 2016 he will receive a masters degree in Economics and Business Administration, Management of Innovation & Business Development with a minor in Process Management.
email: email@example.com | phone: +45 31 34 89 08 | Linkedin Profile
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text:
48 Inch Bathroom Vanity Top
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As noun, plural forty-eightmos for
a book size of about ½ × inches ( × cm), determined by printing on sheets folded to form leaves or pages
Abbreviation: mo, °
a book of this size
As adjective
in forty-eightmo
As noun
a unit of length, / (
) foot, equivalent to
a very small amount of anything; narrow margin:to win by an inch; to avert disaster by an inch
As verb (used with or without object)
to move by inches or small degrees:We inched our way along the road
As Idioms
by inches, narrowly; by a narrow margin: escaped by inches
Also, inch by inch
by small degrees or stages; gradually: The miners worked their way through the narrow shaft inch by inch
every inch, in every respect; completely:That horse is every inch a thoroughbred
within an inch of, nearly; close to:He came within an inch of getting killed in the crash
As noun
a room equipped for taking a bath or shower
toilet (def )
As Idioms
go to / use the bathroom, to use the toilet; urinate or defecate
As noun, plural vanities
excessive pride in one's appearance, qualities, abilities, achievements, etc
; character or quality of being vain; conceit:Failure to be elected was a great blow to his vanity
an instance or display of this quality or feeling
something about which one is vain or excessively proud:His good looks are his greatest vanity
lack of real value; hollowness; worthlessness:the vanity of a selfish life
something worthless, trivial, or pointless
vanity case
dressing table
a wide, counterlike shelf containing a wash basin, as in the bathroom of a hotel or residence, often equipped with shelves, drawers, etc
, underneath
a cabinet built below or around a bathroom sink, primarily to hide exposed pipes
compact (def )
As adjective
produced as a showcase for one's own talents, especially as a writer, actor, singer, or composer:surprisingly entertaining for a vanity production
of, relating to, or issued by a vanity press:a spate of vanity books
As noun
the highest or loftiest point or part of anything; apex; summit
Synonyms: zenith, acme, peak, pinnacle, vertex
Antonyms: bottom, base, foot, lowest point
the uppermost or upper part, surface, etc
, of anything
the higher end of anything on a slope
a part considered as higher: the top of the street
high gear of an automobile
the part of a plant that grows above ground, especially of an edible root
one of the tender tips of the branches or shoots of plants
the part of anything that is first or foremost; beginning:Let's go over it from the top again
the highest or leading place, position, rank, etc
:at the top of the class
the highest point, pitch, or degree:to talk at the top of one's voice
a person or thing that occupies the highest or leading position
the best or choicest part:the top of all creation
a covering or lid, as of a container or vehicle
the head
any of various outer garments for the upper body, as a blouse, shirt, or sweater:a sale on cotton tops and shorts
a platform surrounding the head of a lower mast on a ship, and serving as a foothold, a means of extending the upper rigging, etc
the part of a mixture under distillation that volatilizes first
the best card of a suit in a player's hand
(in duplicate bridge) the best score on a hand
a stroke that hits the ball above its center
the forward spin given to the ball by such a stroke
the first half of an inning
the first three batters in the batting order
the dominant partner in a sexual relationship or encounter, especially the penetrator in anal intercourse (opposed to bottom)
a cluster of textile fibers, especially tow, put on a distaff
a strand of the long wool fibers in sliver form, separated from noil by combing and wound into a large ball
a similar strand of rayon
crown (def )
the tops, Informal
the most outstanding person or thing in ability, favor, etc
:As a friend, she's the tops
As adjective
pertaining to, situated at, or forming the top; highest; uppermost; upper:the top shelf
highest in degree; greatest:to pay top prices
foremost, chief, or principal:to win top honors in a competition
As verb (used with object), topped, topping
to furnish with a top; put a top on
to be at or constitute the top of
to reach the top of
to rise above:The sun had topped the horizon
to exceed in height, amount, number, etc
to surpass, excel, or outdo:That tops everything
(in spoken dialogue) to reply in a voice of greater volume or higher pitch:King Henry must top the crowd noises in his St
Crispin's Day speech
to surmount with something specified:to top a sundae with whipped cream
to remove the top of; crop; prune:to top a tall tree
Synonyms: lop, shear
to get or leap over the top of (a fence, barrier, etc
to distill off only the most volatile part of (a mixture)
to strike (the ball) above its center, giving it a forward spin
to make (a stroke) by hitting the ball in this manner
to top-dress (land)
to have coitus with (a woman)
As verb (used without object), topped, topping
to rise aloft
As Verb phrases
top off, to climax or complete, especially in an exceptional manner; finish: They topped off the evening with a ferryboat ride at midnight
to fill (a partly full container) completely: to top off a gas tank
top out, to finish the top of (a structure)
to reach the highest level
As Idioms
blow one's top, Informal
to become enraged; lose one's temper
to go mad; become insane: He must have blown his top to make such a fool of himself
off the top of one's head, Informal
head (def )
on top, successful; victorious; dominant:to stay on top
on top of, over or upon
in addition to; over and above
close upon; following upon: Gale winds came on top of the floods
in complete control: on top of the problem
on top of the world, successful
elated: The success made her feel on top of the world
over the top, Military
over the top of the parapet before a trench, as in issuing to charge against the enemy
surpassing a goal, quota, or limit
beyond normal limits; outrageously extreme or excessive: His humor is so over the top that it's embarrassing
top oneself, Chiefly British
to kill oneself
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text:
Vinyl Chloride
Full Profile
General Information
Vinyl chloride is a chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon which occurs as a colourless gas. It has a light sweet odour and is slightly soluble in water.[2] It may also be referred to as vinyl chloride monomer or chloroethene.[3] There are numerous other synonyms and product names; see the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) for more information.[3]
Vinyl chloride is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 1, a known human carcinogen. There is sufficient evidence that vinyl chloride exposure causes angiosarcoma of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma.[4] There is strong evidence from both human and animal studies that vinyl chloride causes cancer via a genotoxic mechanism.[4]
Acute inhalation exposure to vinyl chloride can cause dizziness, nausea, headache, fatigue, visual and hearing disturbances, sleep disturbances, unconsciousness, and in high concentrations, death.[5,6] Chronic exposure to vinyl chloride is associated with a number of non-cancer health effects in different organs and tissues, including the liver, skin, and bones, as well as the cardiovascular, nervous, immune and reproductive systems.[5,6]
How did CAREX choose this agent for review?
Regulations and Guidelines
Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)[7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]
|Canadian Jurisdictions
|OEL (ppm)
|Canada Labour Code
|1 [em]
|None listed*
|Other Jurisdictions
|OEL (ppm)
Canadian Environmental Guidelines
|Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines
|0.002 mg/L (MAC); ALARA
|Residential Indoor Air Quality
|Recommended that any exposure to tobacco smoke*
in indoor environments be avoided
|Health Canada Cosmetics Ingredient Hotlist
|Not permitted
|Ontario Ambient Air Quality Criteria
|Annual: 0.2 μg/m3
24-hour: 1 μg/m3
|Alberta Ambient Air Quality Criteria
|1 hour: 130 μg/m3
|BC's Contaminated Sites Regulation, BC Reg 375/96
|Sets soil standards for the protection of human health:
Agricultural and low density residential sites: 0.95 μg/g
Urban park and high density residential sites: 2 μg/g
Commercial and industrial sites: 45 μg/g
Drinking water: 2 µg/L
|Ontario Drinking Water Quality Guidelines
|0.001 mg/L
Vinyl chloride was not included in Health Canada's List of Food Additives Permitted for Use in Canada[29], or Health Canada's Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist.[30]
Canadian Agencies/Organizations
|Health Canada
|DSL - low priority substance (already risk managed)
|Schedule 1, paragraph 'c' (human health)
|Environment Canada
|Vinyl chloride release regulations: limit the release of vinyl chloride from vinyl chloride plants and polyvinyl chloride plants
|National Classification System for Contaminated Sites
|Rank = "High hazard", confirmed human carcinogen
|Environment Canada's National Pollutant Release Inventory
|NPRI Part (Threshold Category): 1A, Reportable to NPRI if manufactured, processed, or otherwise used at quantities greater than: 10 tonnes
Main Uses
Approximately 98% of vinyl chloride monomer produced is used to produce polyvinyl chloride (PVC).[2,5] PVC is an important plastic used in a variety of products, including automotive parts, pipes, medical supplies, packaging products, furniture, and construction materials.[2,5]
Other minor uses for vinyl chloride include the organic synthesis of copolymers with vinyl acetate, vinyl stearate, vinylidene chloride, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.[5]
Vinyl chloride was formerly used as a refrigerant and in aerosol propellants, as an extraction solvent and as an ingredient in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.[3] These uses were discontinued in the 1970s following the recognition of the carcinogenicity of vinyl chloride.[2,5]
Canadian Production and Trade
There is little evidence to suggest that vinyl chloride is being produced in any large quantity in Canada. Canadian demand for vinyl chloride is currently met with imports, mainly from the US.[37]
Production and Trade
|37 t
|190,976 t
Occupational Exposures
Inhalation is the most important route of occupational exposure to vinyl chloride, although skin absorption may also occur.[4,5]
The main occupations exposed to vinyl chloride include workers involved in producing vinyl chloride monomer and using vinyl chloride during PVC and other chemical production.[2]
In plants where vinyl chloride monomer is produced, exposures generally occur after production, when the monomer product is being transported and stored, or during equipment maintenance.[2]
Exposure may occur during PVC polymerization or synthesis of other chemicals, if vinyl chloride is released into the air.[2] Workers involved in PVC resin handling and processing may be exposed to residual vinyl chloride monomers, but the levels of exposure are usually very low.[4,5]
North American and Western European countries introduced new occupational exposure limits for vinyl chloride in the 1970s, after recognizing the chemical's carcinogenic effects.[4,5] By the late 1970s, many PVC manufacturers in these countries began using "closed-loop" polymerizing systems, which substantially reduced occupational exposures to vinyl chloride.[4,5]
CAREX Canada has not prioritized vinyl chloride for exposure estimate development. This is because the likelihood of exposure in Canadian workers is very low.
Environmental Exposures
Potential sources of environmental exposure to vinyl chloride include inhaling contaminated air, ingesting contaminated drinking water and foods, and using PVC consumer products.[2] Overall, exposure levels for vinyl chloride are expected to be very low in the general population.[2]
Vinyl chloride is released into the environment from vinyl chloride and PVC manufacturers.[4] Higher air concentrations of vinyl chloride have been found in communities located within close proximity to these sites.[2,5] Levels of vinyl chloride in areas not within close proximity to emission sources are generally very low.[2,4] The National Air Pollution Surveillance Network found that between 2003 and 2006, 99% of samples were below the limit of detection.[38]
Drinking water may become contaminated by industrial release of vinyl chloride or leaching of its monomers in PVC piping.[39] In the 1990's and 2000's, several provinces tested their drinking water for vinyl chloride; levels of vinyl chloride were generally below the detection limit, except for in Quebec and Alberta, where 0.4% and 0.1% of samples, respectively, exceeded the detection limit.[39] One study found that drinking water passing through new PVC pipes contained higher levels of vinyl chloride compared to water passing through nine-year-old pipes.[40] However, ingesting drinking water is not expected to expose the majority of the general population to vinyl chloride.[2,5]
Regulations in Canada prohibit using materials that could allow leaching of vinyl chloride in food packaging.[41] The 2007 Canadian Total Diet Study found that vinyl chloride was not detected in any of the 153 samples tested.[42] Exposure to vinyl chloride from food and beverage consumption is estimated at 0.1 µg/day.[39]
PVC consumer products may contain very small residual amounts of vinyl chloride.[4] In the 1970s, residual vinyl chloride was found in products such as vinyl music records, plastic food bottles, kitchen wrapping films, and bathroom tiles.[4] Recent improvements to manufacturing processes have substantially reduced the levels of residual vinyl chloride in PVC products.[4]
Vinyl chloride is found in smoke from cigarettes (1.3-16 ng/cigarette), cigars (14-27 ng/cigar), and marijuana cigarettes (5.4 ng/cigarette).[2,4]
Searches of Environment Canada's National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) and the US Household Products Database yielded the following results on current potential for exposure to vinyl chloride in Canada:
NPRI and US Household Products Database
|Substance name
|'Vinyl Chloride'
|3 facilities
|Released into Environment
|0.387 t
|Resin and rubber manufacturing,
water, sewage and other systems,
and other textile product mills
|Disposed of
|Sent to off-site recycling
|US Household Products 2016[44]
|Results: 38 products
|Search Term
|Product Type
|'vinyl chloride'
|'polyvinyl chloride'
|Plumbing and pipe cements
Exposure Reduction
Our team has performed a detailed scan of exposure control resources and assembled a compilation of key publications and resources. These are organized by type of exposure (environmental or occupational) and by specificity (general or carcinogen-specific). Please visit our Exposures Reduction Resources page to view.
We also recommend exploring the Prevention Policies Directory, a freely-accessible online tool offering information on policies related to cancer and chronic disease prevention. Providing summaries of the policies and direct access to the policy documents, the Directory allows users to search by carcinogen, risk factor, jurisdiction, geographical location, and document type. Click here to learn more about policies specific to vinyl chloride in the Directory. For questions about this resource, please contact a member of the Prevention Team at the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer at firstname.lastname@example.com.
- Wikimedia. Wikimedia Commons Photo: Vinyl Chloride (2006)
- National Toxicology Program (NTP). 14th report on carcinogens for Vinyl Halides (2016) (PDF)
- US National Library of Medicine. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (Search term: 'Vinyl chloride')
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC monograph summary, Volume 100F (2012) (PDF)
- Agency for Toxicological Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological Profile for Vinyl Chloride (2006) (PDF)
- World Health Organization (WHO). Environmental Health Criteria 215: Vinyl Chloride (1999)
- Ministry of Justice. Canada Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (SOR/86-304) (2018)
- Government of Alberta. Occupational Health and Safety Code. Occupational Health and Safety Act 568 (2009) (PDF)
- WorkSafeBC. Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, BC Reg 296/97, Part 5 (2018)
- Government of Manitoba. Manitoba Regulation 217/2006 Workplace Safety and Health Regulation (2015) (PDF)
- The Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLII). Government of New Brunswick's General Regulation 91-191, under the Occupational Health and Safety Act (2018)
- Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. Regulation 5,12 Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (2012)
- Government of the Northwest Territories. Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, R-039-2015 (2016) (PDF)
- Government of Nova Scotia. Workplace Health and Safety Regulations made under Section 82 of the Occupational Health and Safety Act (2014)
- The Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLII). Government of Nunavut's Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, Nu Reg 003-2016 (2010)
- Ontario Ministry of Labour. Current Occupational Exposure Limits for Ontario Workplaces Required Under Regulation 833 (2017)
- Government of Prince Edward Island. Occupational Health and Safety Act Regulations Chapter 0-1 (2013) (PDF)
- Government of Quebec. Regulation Respecting Occupational Health and Safety (2015)
- Government of Saskatchewan. The Occupational Health and Safety Regulations, 1996 (2016) (PDF)
- The Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLII). Yukon's Occupational Health Regulations, O.I.C. 1986/164 (2012) (PDF)
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Annotated PELs (2018)
- Health Canada. Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (2017) (PDF)
- Health Canada. Exposure Guidelines for Residential Indoor Air Quality (1987) (PDF)
- Health Canada. Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist (2014)
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change. Ontario's Ambient Air Quality Criteria (2016)
- Alberta Environment and Parks. Ambient Air Quality Objectives (2017)
- Government of British Columbia. Contaminated Sites Regulation B.C. Reg. 375/96 (2017)
- The Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLII). Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standards, O Reg 169/03 (2017)
- Health Canada. List of Permitted Food Additives (2017)
- Health Canada. Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist (2015)
- Health Canada. Categorization of the Domestic Substances List under CEPA (2006)
- Environment and Climate Change Canada. CEPA Toxic Substances list (2018)
- Ministry of Justice. Vinyl Chloride Release Regulations, 1992 (SRO/92-631) (2011) (PDF)
- Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). National Classification System for Contaminated Sites (2008) (PDF)
- Environment Canada. National Pollutant Release Inventory: Substance list (2017)
- Government of Canada. Chemicals Management Plan - List of all Challenge Substances (2010)
- International Trade Centre. TradeMap (Free subscription required)
- Environment Canada. National Air Pollution Surveillance (NAPS) Network. Annual data summary for vinyl chloride 2003-2006 (2006)
- Health Canada. Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document - Vinyl Chloride (2013)
- Health Canada. Drinking Water Guideline Document: Vinyl Chloride (1992)
- Government of Canada. Food and Drug Regulations, C.R.C., c. 870, B.23.007 (2011) (PDF)
- Cao X-L, Sparling M, Dabeka R. "Occurrence of 13 volatile organic compounds in foods from the Canadian total diet study." Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016;33(2):373-82.
- Environment and Climate Change Canada. National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) Facility Search (Substance name: 'Vinyl Chloride')
- US Household Products Database (HPD). Household Products (Search term: 'Vinyl chloride')