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Passive ranging system
Passive ranging system
Patent Drawings:
(5 images)
Caputi, Jr.
Date Issued:
February 21, 1984
September 21, 1982
Caputi, Jr.; William J.
(Centerport, NY)
Eaton Corporation
(Cleveland, OH)
Primary Examiner:
Blum; Theodore M.
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney Or Agent:
Kane, Jr.; James A.
U.S. Class:
Field Of Search:
International Class:
U.S Patent Documents:
Foreign Patent Documents:
Other References:
Range and velocity of target vehicles are determined from the angles of arrival of strobes from the target vehicles to provide a completely passive, linear, ranging system. From inputs which include strobe angle, time of strobe and receiving vehicle cross range position, the targets vehicles ranges and velocities are determined. A visual presentation is provided to enhance detecting the target vehicle in a high density environment.
Having described my invention, I claim:
1. Apparatus for determining the location and velocity of a target from the angle of strobes emitted by the target, the time of the strobes, and thecross-range position of the sensor at the time of each strobe, comprising:
(a) a first cathode-ray tube,
(b) a second cathode-ray tube,
(c) a first Y deflection amplifier connected to the first cathode-ray tube to control the Y deflection of the first tube,
(d) a second Y deflection amplifier connected to the second cathode-ray tube to control the Y deflection of second tube,
(e) a first X deflection amplifier connected to the first cathode-ray tube to control the X deflection of the first tube,
(f) a second X deflection amplifier connected to the second tube to control the X deflection of the second tube,
(g) a store-replay unit means for accepting the following four input: a trigger to store each strobe, the arc tangent of the strobe angle, and a function equal to a minimum display range desired multiplied by the arc tangent of the strobe angle,all added to the sensor cross range position, and the time of the strobe said store replay unit means storing and processing such inputs as delineated in paragraph (l),
(h) a trigger generator,
(i) a fast saw-tooth generator, receiving as an input the trigger from the trigger generator to initiate each saw-tooth pulse, the output saw-tooth being supplied to the X deflection amplifiers to provide a sweep of the cathode-ray tubes,
(j) a divide-by-N-counter receiving as an input the trigger from the trigger generator to produce a lower frequency trigger output at a frequency equal to the trigger generator frequency divided by N, the lower frequency trigger output being insynchronism with the trigger from the trigger generator,
(k) a slow saw-tooth generator receiving the slow trigger output of the divide-by-N-counter to initiate each saw-tooth wave,
(l) means for coupling the slow trigger output from the divide-by-N-counter to the store replay unit means to cause the store replay unit means to provide the following outputs: a time of strobe, the slope of the strobe line (m) and the interceptof the strobe line (b), derived from the minimum display range, the cross range position and the arc tangent of the strobe angle as delineated in paragraph (g),
(m) a first multiplier receiving as inputs the output of the fast saw-tooth generator and the slope (m),
(n) a first adder receiving as inputs the output of the first multiplier and the strobe intercept (b),
(o) a second multiplier accepting as inputs the time from the store replay unit means and the output of the slow saw-tooth generator,
(p) a second adder accepting as inputs the output of the first adder and the output of the second multiplier,
(q) a third adder accepting as inputs the output of the second adder and the output of the slow saw-tooth generator, and supplying its output to the first Y-deflection amplifier for deflecting the first cathode-ray tube in the Y direction,
(r) a first subtracter accepting as its first input the output of the second adder and as its second input the output of the slow saw-tooth generator, the second input being subtracted from the first in the subtracter to produce a differenceoutput which is supplied to the second Y-deflection amplifier for deflecting the second cathode-ray tube in the Y direction, and
(s) means for coupling the output from the fast saw-tooth generator to both the first and second X-deflection amplifiers to deflect the first and second cathode tubes in the X-direction.
2. A system for determining the location and velocity of a target by a sensor using the angle of strobes received from the target, the time of occurrence of the strobes and the cross range position of the sensor at the times of the strobes,comprising the steps of:
(a) presenting a representation of a first plane, said first plane encompassing the paths of the target and the sensor during the periods of the strobes, said first plane including all the strobes,
(b) plotting a representation of the positions of the sensor at the time of each strobe in said first plane,
(c) plotting a representation of a first series of lines in said first plane through the position of the sensor at the angle of the strobe received at each of the position of the sensor, said first series of lines being referred to as strobelines,
(d) selecting a representation of the position of the sensor and the target at midrange and designating them as the reference positions and their time of occurrence as the reference time,
(e) erecting a representation of a second plane orthogonal to the first, said second plane including the strobe line passing through the reference position of the sensor, and said second plane being referred to as the reference plane,
(f) erecting a representation of a first series of plane through selected positions of the sensor and the corresponding strobe lines received at these positions, the selected positions including those occurring prior to as well as after theoccurrance of the reference position, each of the planes in this first series being tilted towards the reference plane at angles which are proportional to the time elapsed between the time of occurrence of the sensor position through which a plane in thefirst series passes and the time of occurrence of the sensor positions through which the reference plane passes,
(g) generating a representation of a second series of lines which are formed by the intersections of the first series of planes with the reference plane,
(h) drawing a representation of the point of intersection of the second series of lines,
(i) generating a representation of a line orthogonal to the first plane which passed through the point of intersection of the second series of lines,
(j) measuring the position of the point through which the orthogonal line of step (i) passes in the first plane to determine the location of the target at the reference time, and
(k) measuring the length of the orthogonal line in subparagraph (i) to determine the velocity of the target at the reference time.
3. A system as described in claim 2, further comprising the steps of:
(a) expanding said first series of planes into wedges, the plane about which a wedge is formed being referred to as a central plane, the apex of a particular wedge being formed along a line passing through the selected positions of the sensorsthrough which the particular central plane passes,
(b) illuminating each wedge with varying intensity, wherein the brightest areas is the central plane about which a particular wedge is formed, the brightness of the wedge having a gradient towards less brightness in traversing the areaorthogonally away from the central plane of the particular wedge and towards the edges of that wedge,
(c) locating the brightest point at the intersection of the wedges produced from the first series of planes,
(d) generating a representation of a line orthogonal to the first plane which passes through the point of step (c), and
(e) measuring the position of the point through which the orthogonal line of step (c) passes to determine the location of the target at the reference time.
1. Field
The present invention relates to passive ranging systems and, more particularly, to such systems in which angular position information is the only data obtained from the target.
2. Prior Art
Radar surveillance aircraft are often faced with the problem of operating in a dense and moving environment. The radar displays aboard the surveillance aircraft are adversely affected by jamming sources, but may be restored by locating thesejamming sources. It is preferable to accomplish the location of the jamming sources passively from the surveillance aircraft to reduce the probability of detection and to avoid the need for cooperating aircraft or ground stations in locating thejammers.
A number of triangulation techniques are available; however, surveillance aircraft generally do not provide sufficient distance between direction finding antennas to make use of these techniques.
A first prior art nontriangulation technique uses the fact that the intercepted power from a target vehicle is proportional to the inverse of the range squared. Hence, two surveillance aircraft carrying intercept receivers separated by asubstantial distance along the line directed at the jammer will measure slightly different intercepted powers which may be used (environment permitting) to calculate range. However, the required separation in receivers does not permit this technique tobe carried out with a single aircraft.
A second prior art technique uses the elevation angle of the intercept and an assumed value of the jammer altitude to calculate range. This technique, like the first, is very sensitive to propagation and equipment errors and is based on analtitude assumption which greatly reduces it reliability.
A third scheme is similar to the second, except that the jammer ground reflection is used to obtain an estimate of elevation angle. The time-difference or phase-difference-of-arrival of the direct and ground bounce intercepted signals iscomputed, and this information (converted to jammer elevation angle) together with the target altitude assumption, is used to calculate range. The continued use of the altitutde assumption again makes this scheme unreliable.
A fourth technique is a further variant which uses the bistatic radar reflection off a nonradiating target caused by a cooperative or noncooperative ground surveillance radar. The time-difference-of-arrival between the direct surveillance radarintercept and the bistatic reflection from a target places the target on an ellipsoid of which the surveillance radar transmitter and the intercept receiver are foci. If the target-bearing angle can be determined using the intercept antenna, the targetmay then be located on a line which is the intersection of the bearing angle plane with the ellipsoid. If, further, the jammer altitude can be estimated, the intersection of the aforementioned line with the plane of constant altitude determines jammerposition. Again an assumed altitude is used making this technique unreliable. In addition, a cooperating or noncooperating ground surveillance radar is required.
Two other techniques that apply to airborne emitters bear mentioning. The first is ground imaging of the area directly underneath the emitter by comparing the ground-reflected intercept energy with the directly-received intercepted energy whichis used as a reference. The jammer position is then determined by comparing the image obtained from the intercept with aerial photographs or images obtained by other means. This requires appreciable time which is rarely, if ever, available in a combatsituation.
Another technique is called PROSE, for Passive Ranging On Scanning Emitters. This technique is applicable to ranging on an enemy AWACS-like emission: that is, the emission from a scanning radar in place of the jammers or jammer-like sourcesconsidered above. In this case, the enemy radar scan rate can be measured rather accurately using the average interval between main lobe intercepts determined over a long time base. If then two intercept antennas are provided on the friendlysurveillance aircraft, and the time delay between corresponding main beam intercepts on these two antennas is calculated rather accurately, the parallax angle, or angle of rotation of the enemy scanning radar, between the intercepts at the two antennascan be calculated. Then, knowing the distance between the two intercept antennas, the range to the enemy scanning radar from the friendly surveillance aircraft can be calculated. Although this approach is a parallax-like technique, it requires a largeaperture for the scanning radar antenna and a long baseline, neither of which may be available.
A typical passive ranging scenario is shown in FIG. 7. As noted above, the traditional problem is to obtain the range of an unfriendly emitting target using angle of arrival information obtained via a directional receiver onboard a friendlyvehicle. FIG. 7 shows a first flight path 701 of a jamming aircraft, a second flight path 702 of a surveillance aircraft, first, second and third segment of the surveillance flight path designated by drawing numeral 703, 704 and 705, respectively, acorresponding first, second and third segment of the jammer flight path designated by drawing numerals 709, 710 and 711, respectively, and strobes connecting the respective centers of the first, second and third segments of the two flight paths,designated by drawing numerals 706, 707 and 708. To aid in distinguishing the three different flight path segments and their respective strobes, a dotted line has been used for the first, a dashed line for the second and a solid line for the third.
Accordingly, in FIG. 7, three jammer bearing angles are shown: the first dotted, the second dashed, and the third in solid. The corresponding segments of the jammer and surveillance flight paths are shown in dotted, dashed and solid line coding. If the jammer had been fixed, the three strobes would intersect in a point when projected back from the known locations of the surveillance aircraft at the time the strobes were received. The back projection of the strobes would intersect at theestimated position of the fixed jammer. The case that is shown, however, is for a moving jammer. The conventional approach is based upon the assumption that the tangential component of jammer velocity is constant. When jammer tangential accelerationis much smaller than the radar tangential acceleration component (as when the surveillance aircraft is flown in an arc), and the time intervals are equal, range is estimated by locating the position in range (which is along the X-axis, 712 in thisFigure) for which the strobes are equally spaced and correctly ordered in cross range (which is along the Y-axis 715 in this Figure). The effect of radial component of jammer motion is small, as it causes only a slight error in the estimated range ofthe jammer. This approach, however, depends strongly upon the identification of each strobe with a particular unique jammer.
In FIG. 8, a second jammer has been added. This jammer is moving on a path 801 in an opposite direction to the first 701 and is located at a different range from the surveillance aircraft. Again, the new jammer strobes are coded in accordancewith the position of the radar and jammer at the time of the observation. Thus, the first strobe on each jammer is coded by dotted lines 706 and 806, the second by dashed lines 707 and 807, and the third by solid lines 708 and 808, as in the previousFigure.
This Figure shows that if the radar operator is unable to identify a particular jamming strobe with a particular jammer (as, for example, when both jammers are wide band noise of identical parameters), unique jammer ranging may not be possible. For example, if the wrong dashed strobe is assumed to be identified with the second jammer, its range would be incorrectly estimated as being about half-way between the two actual jammer positions.
The problem then is how to estimate jammer positions unambiguously without the need for identification of a particular strobe with a particular jammer.
An approach to the solution of the problem involves the use of a modified form of a technique that has been in use recently in the field of modern X-ray technology. This technique, called Computer Augmented Tomography (CAT) X-ray, has been welldeveloped for mapping continuously distributed emitters or absorbers using angle measurements only. The CAT approach, unfortunately, works only with a fixed object (emitter or absorber). However, a review of this technique as it presently is applied tofixed objects is necessary to understand any modifications which would make it applicable to the solution. In order to do this, a review of least means (LMS) ranging will be presented first.
FIG. 9 shows a typical radar flight path 901 in dashed lines and three angle of arrival strobes 902, 903 and 904 in dotted lines that would be obtained on a single fixed jammer 907 (circle). LMS ranging defines one of the three strobes as areference and calculates the perpendicular distance from the reference strobe to each of the other two at a particular value of range (X). As an example, the two short dotted lines 905 and 906 are the perpendicular distances that would be obtained for avalue of X somewhat shorter than the true range of the jammer. In LMS ranging, the length of the two short dotted lines are squared and then summed, and X is varied until a minimum value is found for the sum. This condition would obviously be obtainedwhen the test value of X was equal to the range of the jammer. In fact, even if the strobe positions were in error due to errors in the angle of arrival measuring system or in the supposedly known position of the surveillance aircraft at the time of themeasurements, the LMS approach would give the optimum estimate of the range of a single jammer.
When a second jammer is added, however, unless the strobes can be kept separate--that is, identified uniquely with a particular jammer, LMS ranging would give a single jammer range estimate which is midway between the two jammers.
The example is shown in FIG. 10. The second jammer 1007 has angle of arrival strobes 1002, 1003 and 1004 in solid lines, and the perpendicular distances that correspond to the LMS estimate of range at the ends of the callout lines 1005 and 1006formed of alternate dots and long dashes. This approach obviously does not work for multiple jammers.
CAT ranging, on the other hand, as it is applied to X-raying, may be immediately applied to fixed jammers. The technique works by generating for each jamming strobe a weighted back projection which is weighted most strongly (that is, brighteston a display system) at the measured angle of arrival of the jammer strobe and which fades in intensity corresponding to the potential accuracy of the angle of arrival information. As an example, if the angle of arrival sensing system is known to beaccurate to about 5 degrees, the back projection would be weighted to have half intensity 5 degrees away from the measured angle of arrival of the received jammer signal.
Jammer positions would now be estimated by overlaying back projections corresponding to each of the three jammer strobe positions of the previous illustration.
FIG. 11 shows what would happen if the strobes were presented on a cathode-ray tube display with one jammer where the back projections were unweighted. Notice that the three strobes 1102, 1103 and 1104 on the display are brightest in the areadesignated by drawing numeral 1105 where the strobes overlay one another which is only at the estimated position of the jammer. These strobes are of equal, moderate intensity. Where they all cross, the intensities add, and a bright white area 1105 isproduced. In order to simulate this effect, the strobes are shaded with the exception of the crossover area 1105. If the back projections had been weighted, an even better estimate of the position of the jammer would have been obtained. Of course, fora single jammer, LMS ranging could have been used to obtain a comparable estimate of jammer position.
However, when the second jammer is added, it can be seen from FIG. 12 that the jamming strobes 1102, 1103, 1104, 1202 and 1204 are automatically identified with the correct jammers. That is, 1102, 1103 and 1104 are associated with the jammer at1105, and strobes 1103,1202 and 1204 are associated with the jammer at 1205. The final display is brightest only at the positions of the two jammers 1105 and 1205. Other ambiguous positions that correspond to potential jammers form an image that isconsiderably less bright than the true position. Of course, the more back projections there are, the more accurate this technique is. In the original CAT X-ray technique, a continuous set of back projections from all aspect angles is used to generatean excellent image of a completely distributed object.
As noted, the use of the state of the art CAT X-ray technique provides a solution for stationary jammers, but unfortunately, in its present form fails to provide a solution for moving jammers, which a most common problem, encountered regularlywith airborne jammers.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a completely passive ranging system where the ranging system and the emitting target are on independent moving platforms.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a ranging system capable of determining the range to an emitting target as well as target velocity with angle of arrival of a jammer strobe being the only information obtained from the target.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a target ranging system capable of operating in a high density environment.
In a typical case, the system of the present invention accepts as inputs the angle of arrival of strobes of electromagnetic energy such as jammer strobes from a target aircraft and stores this information along with the time of arrival of thestrobe and the cross range position of the surveillance aircraft.
The data from three or more consecutive strobes is used to compute three or more planes in which both the target and receiving aircraft are located at the time of the strobes. The intersection of these planes provides the range and velocity ofthe target aircraft. A specific embodiment for implementing this system is presented. This embodiment is capable of determining target range and velocity from received angle of arrival data only. In addition, the embodiment includes a visualpresentation to enhance target identification through the use of operator interpretation, which is especially advantageous in high density environments.
FIG. 1A is a diagram showing the flight path of a surveillance and a target vehicle.
FIG. 1B is a perspective view of the paths of FIG. 1.
FIG. 2 is a first construction which presents vehicle velocity on the flight paths of FIG. 1B.
FIG. 3 is a second construction which presents vehicle velocity on the flight paths of FIG. 1B.
FIG. 4 is a third construction which presents vehicle velocity on the flight paths of FIG. 1B.
FIG. 5 is an expansion of a portion of the construction of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the flight paths of a surveillance and a target aircraft.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the flight paths of a surveillance aircraft and two targets.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the flight path of a surveillance aircraft and a single fixed target.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the flight path of a surveillance aircraft and two fixed targets.
FIG. 11 is a cathode-ray tube representation of a flight path of a surveillance aircraft and a fixed target.
FIG. 12 is a cathode-ray tube representation of a flight path of a surveillance aircraft and two fixed targets.
The system technique of the present invention is used to solve the problem of locating moving targets when the surveillance vehicle is also in motion and only angle of arrival information is available. As a starting point, reference is made tothe traditional approach used for a single moving jammer as illustrated in FIG. 1A. Note that this is only a two dimensional Figure. In order to describe the approach of the present invention, an additional dimension which corresponds to jammervelocity is required. Hence, below the first illustration shown in FIG. 1A, a perspective version is shown in FIG. 1B in which a Z axis dimension has been added to provide a means of representing velocity.
FIG. 1A shows a first flight path 101 of a target aircraft carrying an emitter such as a jammer, a second flight path 102 of an intercept or surveillance aircraft, first, second and third segment of the surveillance flight path designated bydrawing numeral 103, 104 and 105, respectively, a corresponding first, second and third segment of the jammer flight path designated by drawing numerals 109, 110 and 111, respectively, and strobes connecting the respective centers of the first, secondand third segments of the two flight paths, designated by drawing numerals 106, 107 and 108. To aid in distinguishing the three different flight path segments and their respective strobes, a dotted line has been used for the first, a dashed line for thesecond and a solid line for the third.
FIG. 1B illustrates two flight paths and their associated strobes which are similar to those shown in FIG. 1A. The elements in FIG. 1B that correspond to the elements in FIG. 1A are designated with identical drawing numerals, however, the letter"A" has been added to each drawing numeral in FIG. 1B to identify the Figure from which these elements originate. FIG. 1B also includes a coordinate axis in which the X, Y and Z axes are designated by drawing numerals 112A, 113A, and 114A, respectively.
In FIGS. 1A and 1B, the strobes represent the direction of arrival of a signal transmitted from the target aircraft during each segment of the flight paths. The target and surveillance aircrafts are considered as having passed through andcompleted each of the corresponding segments of the respective flight paths simultaneously. The flight paths shown in FIG. 1B are considered as lying in the X-Y plane. The Z direction in this Figure is reserved for a representation of tangentialvelocity of the target aircraft as will be apparent from the description of subsequent Figures.
In order to determine the estimated range and velocity of the target aircraft, it is necessary to construct a three dimensional diagram, as shown in FIG. 2. In this Figure, the Z axis 214 or "up" direction is used to represent the tangentialcomponent of the emitting aircraft's velocity. The X axis and the Y axis are denoted by drawing numerals 212 and 213, respectively.
Beginning with the dashed strobe 207, a planar surface of arbitrary height is erected in the Z direction. Vertical lines 207A and 207B and parallel lines 207 and 207C define this surface. The time at which the position and velocity of theemitting aircraft is estimated is that at which the dashed strobe 207 occurred. In FIG. 2, this is approximately the time of the midpoint of the total flight paths and also corresponds to the midpoint of the dashed flight paths.
A tilted planar surface, which includes as one edge the dotted strobe 206, is erected next. This planar surface also includes edges 206A, B, and C and extends in the Z direction the same distance as the dashed plane. However, it is tilted inthe Y direction 213 by an angle whose tangent is proportional to the time difference elapsed between the collection of the dotted data and the dashed data (dashed time minus dotted time).
The construction is continued in FIG. 3. This Figure is virtually identical to FIG. 2, with the exception of the four lines designated by drawing numerals 301 through 305. All of the drawing numerals which were previously shown in FIG. 2 havebeen deleted in this Figure to avoid cluttering. In this construction, the intersection of the dotted plane with the dashed plane is now determined. This is done by extending the dotted plane in the X direction at its left and right edges. The leftedge 303 of the dotted plane is moved back to the position indicated by line 304 where the X coordinate of the left edge of the dotted plane equals the X coordinate of the left edge of the dashed plane. Similarly the right edge 301 of the dotted planeis moved to the right to the position indicated by drawing numeral 302 where its X component equals the X component of the right edge of the dashed plane. Then the intersection of the left edge of the dotted plane with the left edge of the dashed planecorresponds to one point that is on a line which indicates the intersection of the two planes. The intersection of the right edges of these two planes is a second point on the intersection line designated by drawing numeral 305. For purposes of visualand source identification, line 305 is formed of alternate dots and dashes.
A similar construction is made for a solid line plane in FIG. 4. Right edge 402, top edge 405 and left edge 404 are added to solid line 108A to form the solid line plane. This plane is tilted at an angle whose tangent is proportional to thetime elapsed between the collection of the solid data and the dashed data (solid time minus dashed time). The constant of proportionality is the same as was used in determinig the tilt angle of the dotted plane. The left and right edges 404 and 402 ofthe solid line plane are moved inward towards the center of the plane to form new edges 403 and 401 respectively which have the same X value as dashed edges 207B and 207A respectively.
The intersection of the dashed plane with the solid plane is indicated by line 406 which is formed of long dashes alternated with short dashes. Since line 305 lies in the dashed plane and line 406 lies in the same plane, these lines willintersect. This intersection is shown in FIG. 5.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged drawing of the right hand portion of FIG. 4 in which lines 305 and 406 have been extended to intersect at point 501. Point 501 is projected on the X-Y plane as point 503 by line 502. The height of line 502 is proportionalto the velocity of the target at the reference time of interest. Point 503 represents the position of the target at the reference time of interest.
If there are more than three observations, then all the planes may not intersect in one point due to angle measurement errors. To accommodate this potential error, each back projection plane is thickened into a wedge (such as the wedges shown inFIGS. 11 and 12) by an amount equal to the expected uncertainty of the angle of arrival information due to antenna errors or non-constancy of jammer motion. Then, each back projection wedge is assigned an intensity variation that is brightest at thecentral back projection plane, and diminishes towards the edges of the wedge. The most likely intersection point is found by summing the intensities of the back projection wedges.
It will be appreciated that this approach is a graphical method of searching for jammer tangential velocity. Furthermore, if there is more than one jammer, it can be seen that such a processor has the advantage of being completely linear--thatis, superposition holds independent of the number of strobes or jammers. In addition, the jamming strobes are automatically associated with the correct jammers in a manner similar to that described for fixed target CAT ranging.
A specific embodiment implementing this technique is illustrated in FIG. 6. In this embodiment, the three dimensional construction described previously, is implemented via a pair of cathode-ray tube display monitors deflected in an X-Y fashion. This pair of monitors is viewed stereoptically to create a visual impression of a three dimensional processing volume.
Inputs for the implementation are the angle of arrival strobes obtained by the surveillance receiver or other sensor. For the example of where a radar receiver aboard a surveillance aircraft receives externally generated jamming signals, eachrevolution of the surveillance radar antenna would result in a number of detected strobes and the angles of arrival of the strobes would be noted by the operator. Thus the strobe angle of arrival for each particular strobe and the surveillance aircraftposition at the time the strobe is received are entered as primary inputs at the input port 604. In addition, if the display is to be offset from zero range (for example if the targets are expected to be at no closer range than say 100 miles), then theminimum display range is also entered as a constant in the minimum display input port 601. Furthermore, each time a strobe is detected and entered into the strobe inputs 608A and 608B of the Figure, a store trigger must be provided as for examplemanually by way of a push button so that the current data is stored and the inputs are made available for entry of the next strobe.
The strobe angle is assumed to be entered at input 602 in the form of a polar angle relative to north where north is used for reference purposes. An arc tangent function of this angle is obtained in function generator 603 for convenience inprocessing. The arc tangent slope is then multiplied in multiplier 605 by the minimum display range set as an input 601. If the minimum display range does not change significantly over the time required to process the data(perhaps a few minutes) thenthe multiplication can be performed most simply by using a potentiometer as shown in function generator 605. In this case, the slope is the electrical input to the potentiometer and the minimum display range is set by the operator by turning thecontrol. The output of the potentiometer is then added in adder 606 to the instantaneous sensor cross range position also input by the operator. This results in the strobe line being defined by a slope (m) and an intercept (b); that is, in the formY=mX+b.
Of course in modern surveillance radar systems navigation information is often already in rectangular form. Hence, the arc tangent function with its associated multiplier and adder is shown as an option. The strobe line position might easily beentered into the storage-replay unit 627 directly in the rectangular form of slope and intercept.
In any event, when these values are available for a particular strobe, the stored trigger from 608B causes the values to be recorded in memory in the store-replay unit 627. This may be done most conveniently in digital form, using a shiftregister, an A to D, and a D to A converter. The data quantity to be stored depends upon the number of strobes obtained per revolution of the radar antenna and the number of revolutions per data run. Typically, a dozen or so strobes per revolutionmight be expected and about 100 revolutions of the antenna are required to obtain sufficient data for accurate ranging. Thus, in the order of 1200 slope/intercept number-pairs must be stored over an interval of perhaps several minutes.
After data taking is completed, the data is replayed into a processor at a much higher rate than it was stored. In the processor, a replay trigger is provided by a trigger generator 611 operating at a high pulse repetition frequency (perhaps 10MHz) and a divider 610 which divides the trigger frequency by a factor (N) equal to the number of resolvable velocity planes that it is desired to synthesize. The signal derived directly from the generator and that from divider are the fundamentalsignals forming the raster for the cathode-ray tubes 624 and 625 (through X and Y deflection amplifiers 623, 619 and 615, 618).
The fast trigger is used to initiate by way of line 626 a fast saw-tooth generator 620 which provides linear (with time) deflections of the two CRT tubes 624 and 625 in the X direction. After N deflections in the horizontal or X direction havebeen performed the replay trigger is also applied to a slow saw-tooth generator 609. Thus, during the fast saw-tooth repetition time interval, the output of the slow saw-tooth generator can be considered to be a slowly moving or even a constant voltage. The "constant" voltage is then proportional to the particular velocity being processed for each fast trigger. The purpose of this circuitry is to cause lines having the form Y=mX+b to separate in the horizontal plane in order to give the operator theimpression that the lines are moving away from the operator.
For the duration of the slow saw-tooth generator sweep (which includes many, (N), fast saw-tooth generator sweeps) only one of the previously stored strobe slope and intercept line value pairs will be presented at the output lines of the storageand replay unit. These constant slow saw-tooth voltages are applied to a multiplier 616 and an adder 617 to produce from the fast saw-tooth X-deflection signal, an attenuated and shifted fast saw-tooth Y-deflection signal. If this Y-deflection signalwere applied without modification to the Y-deflection amplifiers, the result would be a single line on both the left and right monitor with a slope and intercept equal to the voltage values m and b respectively. These lines would of course be identicaland when viewed stereoscopically would appear to be in the plane of the TV screen.
However, the output of the adder 617 is not applied directly to the Y deflection amplifiers but instead is offset by adding (for the left monitor in adder 613) or subtracting (for the right monitor in subtractor 614) the approximately constantvoltage appearing at the output of the slow saw-tooth generator. Thus the sweeping of the slow saw-tooth generator causes the apparent third dimensional position of the strobe line to move off the phosphor plane of the CRT display. As long as the slowsaw-tooth generator frequency (that is the replay trigger PRF 608B)is rapid compared with the response time of the eye, the resulting display will appear as a plane in three dimensional space as described in the previous discussion concerning the rangingconstructions in FIGS. 1 through 5.
The next replay trigger calls up the next strobe slope and intercept values and the process is repeated for that strobe. This procedure is repeated until all of the strobes detected for all of the antenna revolutions of the radar system havebeen displayed.
Typically, the fast trigger would be generated at a 10 megacycle rate and in the order of 100 velocity planes would be synthesized. This would result in a replay trigger PRF in the order of 100 kilocycles (if N were equal to 100). If there are1200 strobe lines stored in the storage replay device all data will then be replayed in 12 milliseconds. The process may then be repeated, replaying the same data repetitively at an 80 hertz rate (1/12 ms). This 80 hertz repetition frequency of theentire display results in a flicker-free three dimensional presentation of the entire data-set. The predicted target position and velocity appears brightest because the display monitors spend more time tracing through these positions than they do intracing through other positions that do not contain targets.
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text: Element of supplies 13 November 2017 By Clara Ferreira Marques Follow @ClaraMarquesRTR Email Share Fresh violence prompted the company to close the main route to its Papua site. For all the fervour over electric-car demand for the reddish-brown metal, the flare-up is a reminder of looming supply issues. Beyond security concerns are sticky labour contracts across the industry. This content is for Subscribers only To access full Breakingviews.com content you must be a subscriber. Please use the following link to request a trial. Existing Users Log In Reset Password? or Close Reset Password? If you need assistance please email firstname.lastname@example.com Cancel

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Speed for Socks = Success
The counts are in and there is no denying it, the 2015 Speed for Socks Campaign was a HUGE success. Our initial goal was to collect 1,000 Pairs of Socks, we have far exceeded that goal and finished off at 8,085!!! This campaign was the brain child of Rocky Mountain Raceways General Manager, Mike Eames, as […]more


text:
"Working at AHJ is a breath of fresh air"
"There is a unique culture"
Whether you are an experienced professional or just starting out, we welcome applications from anyone interested in a career in reinsurance. We are keen to hear from talented individuals who have flair, a desire to succeed and believe they can add to our success.
We are open, friendly and supportive, enabling everyone's contribution to be valued. We are distinctly different to our competitors.
You are welcome to contact our HR department, please email email@example.com.
Claims Broker/Technician
We are currently seeking an experienced Claims Broker Technician to join the Claims Team in our London office. For further information, please see the job description here.
If you are interested in this vacnacy, please email your CV along with a covering letter to email@example.com.


text:
If there is one thing I am picky about cleanliness in my home it is the floor.
I can live with a mess elsewhere, but few things irritate me more than a dirty and sticky floor.
Not only does it look unsightly, but if you are walking around in socks or barefeet you pick up all the gunk on the soles of your feet.
Maybe it's all those floors I mopped back when I worked in a restaurant. Or when my old roommates would destroy my perfectly clean floor within a matter of hours. Either way I am a stickler for a clean floor.
In the past I had always used a standard store bought floor cleaner, and while it did a good job, it had that chemical smell. Of course, the smell you can handle but you don't want those chemicals all over your floor where little ones and pets roam.
I've started more and more to incorporate vinegar into my cleaning routine and now I also use it to clean the floor.
It doesn't take any more time or effort than using a store bought cleaner. You just have to do the exact same thing of filling a bucket with hot water and adding the vinegar as a cleaning solution.
I also like this suggestion of adding a few drops of dish soap, as that will give you a little hint of soapy foam, as well as a few drops of essential oils for a nice fragrance.
You may see baking soda as a suggested ingredient to add to your homemade floor cleaner. Personally, I don't use it because I find I then need to make a second pass with my mop to get rid of the baking soda residue.
However if I have a particularly stubborn stain I will use baking soda as a spot cleaner because of its gritty scrubbing powers.


text:
|Click me!
One of the commenters on that Guru post suggested to people to use The Hall of Monuments Reward Calculator to check if a name has been taken already. Smart! Of course, remember that in GW1, you had to have two names. That is how Spiral ended up with the last name Madheart actually. I was forced into it! But I am grateful because now she is distinguisable from other Spirals out there. Well, besides her distinctive purple hair, her saucy yet demure attitude, and her peculiar ability to be exactly where she shouldn't be any particular moment. :)
I decided a while back not to attempt to catch the one-word name of Spiral. I will be attempting for others though, but I'm not so dim as to post them up here! :)
I was chatting with my 11-year-old nephew this weekend about how to name characters in online games. He was frustrated because he recently joined a game and "his" name was taken, and all he could think to do was add numbers after it to make it unique.
So we brainstormed together, mixing and matching names from his favourite books and movies, colours he loves, places he's been, and animals he thinks are cool. It was fun to observe him weaving an alternate identity for himself. We compared it to naming their puppy: you just "know" the right name when you say it. It fits. It feels right.
His mother (my sister) just shook her head at us. She doesn't "get" gamers. But as long as her kid doesn't give out his real name, her mom-radar is a mostly appeased. She appreciates that her son has a quote-unquote "adult" to turn to for gaming chit-chat and advice. I'm happy to have something in common with my nephew that makes it infinitely easier to connectwith him. Gosh, if he was into sports, I'd be lost!


text:
NYX Professional Makeup Single Eye Shadow - Aloha
Filtered by skin type : Combination
13 reviews
76% would repurchase
Package Quality: 3.0
Price: $$
Package Quality: 3.0
Price: $$
Start your review
on 3/22/2013 7:46:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Combination, Fair, Warm
Hair: Blond, Wavy, Fine
Eyes: Blue
This eyeshadow is just okay. Even with a primer, it doesn't show up well and fades to just sparkles. It causes so much fallout on my face as well.
on 7/7/2012 4:16:00 AM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Green
It's a lovely eye shadow, I just don't like the colour. It is a pinkish colour, it seems to highlight any blotches because of the sheen.
on 5/3/2012 6:15:00 PM
Age: 18 & Under
Skin: Combination, Medium, Warm
Hair: Black, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
really pretty, shimmery eyeshadow - one of the unique colours out there
however, it has a lot of fallout .. love this colour as highlight though
on 10/10/2011 2:48:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Neutral
Hair: Black, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Black
i just bought another a week ago for my back up.. definitely a VERY PIGMANTED eye shadow! you don't need much considering a lot of fall out and crazy glitter! but don't mind it.. as long as you tap/blow the excess or put a tissue paper underneath the eye you'll be just fine.. :)
i have a fair skin tone (sorry i cannot compare to mac foundation,because i'm not a big fan of using foundation but when i use missha bb cream i use #21) and the color doesn't blend into my skin tone.. you still can see the color..
the QUALITY is really amazing with affordable price.. probably the most fav drugstore brand that i ever tried.. it's only the e/s thing, i don't like the face product as much as their e/s.. it is very long lasting.. i would collect all of their collection :D lol
on 4/2/2011 10:12:00 PM
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Cool
Hair: Brunette, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Blue
I have this as part of the trio set and I have to say I am pretty much obsessed with this shade! I use it almost every day, not as a highlighter but as an overall wash over my entire lid. It makes my small eyes pop and the texture is so velvety smooth the application is a breeze. I haven't touched my more expensive eye shadows for a long time...I'm too in love with my NYX ones.
on 3/21/2011 4:00:00 PM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Combination, Medium, Neutral
Hair: Brunette, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
I saw one of my you tube makeup girls (emilynoel83) use this in a look and it looked very pretty as a highlight. I decided to pick this up at Ulta. Wow, pigmentation is incredible with this shade. Be careful because it's frosty and you can't tell how much you put on in certain lighting. With a primer, Aloha stayed true all day and no creasing or fading. Today, I did a neutral look with NYX Iced Mocha up to the crease and Aloha as a quick highlight and it looks great. I feel that Aloha leans on the cool side on me.
on 12/23/2009 7:19:00 PM
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Medium, Warm
Hair: Brunette, Wavy, Fine
Eyes: Brown
Aloha is a really pretty highlight colour, I use it as a wash all over my lid under darker colours. I've been looking for ages for something like this - a neutral shimmery nude slightly on the pink side. I noticed that yellow-toned base colours tend to turn my grey and black eyeshadows a bit green in certain lights so I wanted a pinkish one.
The colour turns up on me as a shimmery champagne without yellow undertones. The texture is very nice and soft and spreads well without major fallout. All my darker matte shadows blend very evenly over it and it gives them a very nice shimmery tone. As others said the colour kind of reminds me of MAC Phloof! as well.
Overall a very pretty product, and I appreciate the classy packaging as well. I'm quite sad NYX is not available in most parts of Europe though, and even where it is it's horribly expensive - Aloha cost me almost �9!
on 12/11/2009 11:43:00 AM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Combination, Olive, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
Eesh, I guess I am the only one here thus far that is not a fan of this eyeshadow. I generally love NYX shadows and thought this looked gorgeous in the pan. Looks like a light champagne color with pink undertones and shimmer. When I put it on my eyes, it is more of a silvery cream type color. The color is fine, the problem for me is that this is so darn frosty. I can't use this is a highlight as it is to much for me. I like neutral looks and I just can't pull off that much shimmer as highlight. I typically like shimmery colors but this has more glitter to it and the fallout is beyond awful for me. It also doesn't glide on smooth and looks really chalky on my skin. I hate to waste shadows so I tried using this under other colors for different looks but I just can't get past the fallout and glitter in this shadow. Maybe I will swap this but definitely will not be a re-purchase :(
on 6/8/2009 1:33:00 AM
Age: 30-35
Skin: Combination, Tan, Neutral
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Green
Works great as a highlight color. It's shimmery and highly pigmented. Would look good with many colors. Looks more like a champagne color.
on 4/25/2009 8:31:00 PM
Age: 36-43
Skin: Combination, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Blond, Other, Other
Eyes: Blue
Near dead ringer for Stila Kitten.
Just .005% lighter.
And 75% cheaper.
Popular Eye Shadows
Popular Eye Shadows


text:
Recently, Ann Coulter, and other right wing bloggers wrote articles criticizing the World Cup of Soccer. On the face of it, it is a very stupid thing to criticize, but in the blogger's world, everything is about criticism, and getting links to your articles, so I shall play along.
From Facebook, to Google plus, and Twitter, cranks have been taking time to criticize a sport that grips the world, but they apparently can't stand. I don't understand. There is much in this world that I don't like, but I don't spend my time and energy writing about every activity that people do which I feel is uninteresting. (I will admit to getting frustrated when all sports on television seem to be golf, a sport that is really hard to appreciate on the television. I believe golf is to be played, not watched)
Ann Coulter takes the cake by bringing in xenophobia and faux nationalism into her article. I won't spend the bytes to address her issues, I'll leave that to her therapist.
I will say, it has been a nice sideshow, much like when a streaker goes onto the field. It is both embarrassing and hilarious.
Thanks for the entertainment Ms. Ann Coulter. You were relevant for a week, until the Men's National Soccer Team lost to Belgium and all the bandwagon soccer fans went onto watching more golf and tennis.
And Ann, I linked to you, so please do me the favor, and link back! LOL!
Oh, and yes, I know the link to right wing bloggers was from 2010, but there is humor in that too, because just like the war on Christmas, they just keep resurrecting old themes to hate.
Do I have conservative friends that love soccer? Absolutely! This is a fabricated political issue made by pointy headed talking heads with nothing better to do with their time. Kinda like me, tonight.


text: Tour Caballos Other options you might like Flights HolboxFrom: $50USD Holbox Kiteboarding School Mosquitours and TransfersFrom: 350 pesos Nativa Nature ParkFrom: 75USD Rentadora El CachorroFrom: $200 pesos Transfer HolboxFrom: 35 USD ↑ Back to top Check out our Instagram Feed The Holboxeño is the definitive guide to Isla Holbox. We have the most up-to-date events and food & drink guide, so you can make the most out of your stay in Holbox.All content ©El Holboxeño 2016Have a question? Chat with us now: OPEN CHATReach us via WhatsApp: +52-1-984-116-43-74Get listedFORM


text: We have eagles year round here. Sometimes they come to the house..and those are the days I keep guard over the chickens. Sometimes they fly close when I'm walking the dogs…and then I pull the smallest dog a little closer. Majestic they glide in wide circles across the sky and each time I see one it feels like the most privileged moment to witness such confident flight.


text:
Publisher blurb:
A prominent archeologist is found murdered and the mummy he recently brought back from Egypt has disappeared from the Metropolitan Museum in New York City. The PCs are called in to solve the murder and find the missing mummy!
The Mummy's Revenge is the first adventure for Adamant Entertainment's Thrilling Tales line of pulp products for modern D20.
Written by Jeb Boyt (author of the Mesmerist Advanced Class for Thrilling Tales), this 20-page adventure is intended for a group of 3rd - 5th level heroes, and features details so that it can be played as either a puzzling murder mystery, or a spine-tingling tale of supernatural suspense!


text:
News Library
Osmond General Store
Consider Him Justin Bieber 1.0
National Post
by Shinan Govani
July 9, 2011
Donny was smile-a-minute. Donny was contagiously gung-ho. Donny, too, was more than ably pored into a fitted black T-shirt -a look hard to pull off as evening wear for a) a man of a certain age, and b) a man who isn't Simon Cowell.
Turns out it wasn't his first choice! "I'm wearing this because my other shirt went missing," the original teen heartthrob began to tell me. "It's gone," he added sideways to one of the flaks nearby, giving a play-by of the shirt that went poof in his dressing room at the Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts.
Then, just as he was giving me his very best "whatcha gonna do?" smile, someone appeared, asking to take a pic of us together, wherein we both surrendered, cozied up and mentally cheese'ed, and wherein Donny, the Eternal Child, held up two fingers behind me as we posed. A sec later, we did a cleaner, bunny-ears-free shot, and I noticed then -right there at Tundra, in the Hilton Hotel -that Mr. Showbiz had on not just a substitute black tee, but also a phone in a case hanging off the belt on his jeans. (Theory: Peut-être Donny sells real estate on the side?)
On other shores, Sister Osmond was giving the party crowd every inch of the old-timer showbiz-pro that she is -snug in a jean jacket commissioned, in its way, by Weight Watchers. Marie was heard heartily laughing, and happily posing for pictures, too. "Let's do a prom shot!" we heard her exclaim at one point with a fan. "Prom shot!"
She looked good. They both did. That no-coffee-no-alcohol-lots-ofkids Mormon thing seems to be really working for 'em. As did, well, the incomparable high of another opening night, another city, another round of hot notices, in a career that trails back to -what? -the Johnson administration. (This latest Toronto edition is brought to us by Dancap Productions.) As I was, at long last, eventually ducking out, I saw a broad of an inevitable vintage gingerly approaching Donny, proceeding to tell him she has a son who's really, really into Justin Bieber, and how she gets it, because, well, he was her own Justin Bieber way back when.
Giving good game face, and not letting anyone see him sweat -although, God knows what he was really thinking -Donny listened patiently, thanked the woman profusely, and then he (and the phone on his belt) beat a well-practised path to the exit.
If you would like to receive updates on
the Osmonds, put your e-mail in the box below.


text:
Dear Delegates, please note that all these information can also be found in the official Welcome Booklet. Please read it carefully and make sure you bring all required items!
Things you should not forget
- Essentials: Travel tickets, valid documents/passport, parental consent (signed), copy of your ID/passport, Visa if required, valid insurance, money and credit/debit card
- Teambuilding: Comfortable clothing and shoes for sports/outdoor activities, waterproof jacket, waterproof shoes
- Eurovillage: Items and food for you national stand, national costume of your country (optional)
- Committee Work: Smart casual clothing, research notes (printers are not available so please print your own material. However, please consider the environment before printing all your materials!)
- Opening Ceremony, General Assembly, Official Receptions, ResourceVillage and Euroconcert: Formal clothing (skirts, dresses or suits for ladies; suits for gentlemen), instrument(s) and music if planning to perform
Travel Information
Delegates are expected to arrive in Munich no later than Friday, 5th April. All participants flying to Munich Airport Franz-Josef-Strauß (MUC) must arrive there before 5:00 p.m.; all participants arriving at Munich Central Station (Hauptbahnhof) or at Munich Central Bus Station (ZOB) must arrive before 6:00 p.m. Furthermore, delegates may not depart any earlier than Sunday, 14th April. Please keep in mind that the Organising team can only pick you up if you arrive at one of these three destinations in time.
At a later date we will provide you with a detailed travel guide in order to give you further travel information, tips and a description of how to get to Munich and our accommodation.
All participants will be accommodated in the same venue for the entire session:
Jugendherberge München Park (Thalkirchen)
Miesingstraße 4
81378 München
For any information, especially regarding extra nights, please contact the organisers, not the youth hostel, as we will take care of your accommodation throughout the whole session.
Extra nights
In case of arrival prior to Friday, April 5th or depart later than Sunday, April 14th extra accommodation can be booked at a cost of 32,00 Euro per person and night. If you need accommodation before/after the session, please contact Celine at email@example.com before March, 22th and pay the extra costs of 32,00 Euro per person/per night in cash at the welcome desk, when arriving in Munich.
Alumni platform
First of all you should register on EYP International's alumni platform. If you do not have an account yet, please take the following steps. If you have an account already, you can skip the first two steps.
- Create an account on the alumni platform
- Activate your account after receiving an e-mail
- Register for the session as a delegate
Please make sure that all your details are up to date before submitting your application.
Parental consent
In order to take part in the 72nd International Session of the European Youth Parliament, one's parent's consent is mandatory for taking part in the session for all participants underage. We would ask you to please have this filled out and signed by your parents and bring it with you to Munich. The forms can be found here.
Copy of ID/Passport
Next to the parental consent, we ask you to please bring a copy of your passport/ID. It is sufficient to provide us a copy of the first page of your passport, including your full name, date of birth, nationality and other important information. Please hand in the copy along with the parental consent at the welcome desk upon arrival.
Legal Matters
The following European countries require a visa in order to enter Germany: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Turkey, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and Georgia. Please note that the visa requirement exemption for people from Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia applies only to holders of biometric passports.
Please check your Visa requirements at the Federal Foreign Office of Germany's website.
If you require any assistance in obtaining a visa, such as a formal invitation letter, please contact the organisers at firstname.lastname@example.com as soon as possible.
It is vital that all participants have their own personal travel insurance. Travel insurance will cover eventual loss of luggage, accidents, disease etc. Participants need to make sure to bring their insurance card with them if their respective insurance company requires such a proceeding.
Special Needs
If you have any needs concerning allergies, medical treatment or handicap facilities, please send an email as soon as possible with all the relevant information to email@example.com. We will do our best to make sure everyone will have a great experience in Munich!
Alcohol and behaviour policy
Alcohol (beer and wine respectively) will be available at some events – but the delegates should remember their national legal requirements. As young ambassadors of their country, the delegates are expected to understand that the organisers do not wish the delegates' stay in the Germany and memories of Munich to be ruined by misbehaviour. The EYP frowns upon overindulgence. Delegates are reminded that any overindulgence in alcohol will result in the delegate's exclusion from the session on the delegate's own expenses. The EYP operates a total zero tolerance policy with drugs.
Delegates are expected to arrive well prepared for Committee Work, which includes carrying out extensive research on the respective topic, as well as following the current news and international political scene. The research and preparation for the session will be beneficial, both to the Delegates' personal experience and to the overall quality of the entire session. Remember the concept of EYP and benefit from this unique learning experience that you have in front of you. Committee Work and General Assembly are the basis and highlight of every Session, so please be aware of the seriousness and importance of being active and well prepared for both events. You will receive all necessary information regarding the selection of topics and preparation kit in due time.


text:
- Your current position:
- News/Events >
- Events >
- Photography Basics
Print this Page. Send this Page.
Photography Basics
Feb 10, 2014 09:00 am to 11:00 am
Organizer: HRA Training
What are all that fancy buttons on my camera made for? If you can't answer that question, you should be visiting this course. Here the technical and design basics of photography will be presented. The participants will learn how to increase the quality of their photos. Further the trainer will present different photo cameras usable in different field work situations. Together with the participants he will discuss and try out all options including the Cluster's own photo equipment. Learn how to optimize your photography.
This session will be held by Christoph Bertolo.


text:
Just a few short weeks ago, right before I headed out of town for International Quilt Market in Kansas City, the first hummingbird of the season was spotted at the hummingbird feeders in my yard. Right now, the honeysuckle plant at the end of our front porch is a riot of fragrant blooms, and the hummingbirds are having a field day, visiting frequently.
|Honeysuckle in bloom
These tiny creatures make an amazing journey all the way from Central America each Spring just to visit my feeders and my garden! Okay, maybe they have a couple of other things in mind too - like making little hummingbirds. Anyway, I love seeing them so much, I named my design company after them!
At Quilt Market, the hummingbirds made a significant showing on the Hummingbird Highway.
About 50 handmade, scrappy hummingbirds flocked to booth 1210 and were suspended above visitors' heads for the duration of the show!
Do you want your own quilty hummingbirds? They're fun and easy to make and you can have your very own pattern - for free! Just download it here from the Hummingbird Highway website! Then follow the easy steps shown below to begin your flock!
Go to your ScrapTherapy bin and select two coordinated 5" scrap squares. One will be the hummingbird body and one will be the wings. Cut each scrap in half, one diagonally for the body and one across the middle for the wings.
Trace the shapes on one side of the fabrics with a heat-eraseable pen, like a Frixion pen. Center the smaller shape inside the larger shape.
Layer with batting - I like using wool batting scraps because it's nice and fuffly. Pin baste, then quilt on the inner line.
Trim all shapes - two wings and a body - on the outer line.
Sew the wings to the body using two miniature buttons.
Add a hanger loop through the top of the bird body between the wings. Test the placement before you knot the loop so the hummingbird hangs straight.
Yay! These hummingbirds won't migrate in the fall, either.
Happy Hummingbird-Making!


text:
Benefits of Using Disposable Cutlery for Catering
It is normally quite challenging to plan for a big occasion and particularly if you will be involved in the food service section.In cases where the location of the function is not anywhere near a food restaurant, the catering crew will have to transport the food to the place, serve it and afterward do a cleanup.Since cleaning up is quite wearisome, one can easily feel dispirited.Using disposable cutlery may actually prove to be a better option, thereby saving you the trouble.Disposable cutlery such as plastic and paper utensils are simply used once and thrown away, thus eliminating the need to have them washed. They have certain benefits that make them better than the more durable varieties.Some of these merits are discussed below.
They are More Convenient to Clean
Thanks to disposable utensils, they have made cleaning simple particularly after a big function.It implies that both man power and the expenses incurred when bringing along detergents and extra water for cleaning the utensils is cut down. Clearing up the leftovers from foods eaten will be the single duty left for you .Since there are other duties awaiting, this will help you save time and energy for them too.
They are Cheaper
The disposable cutleries have more affordable market prices than the other variety of kitchenware.If several people are scheduled to grace the occasion then choosing to buy the disposable plates and cups will greatly cut down on your budget.
Light When Transporting Them.
Fragility and bulkiness are some of the distinguishing features of cutlery manufactured from glass or clay, which means that great attention is needed when handling them.That means they cannot be carried easily from one place to another.Plastic and paper cutlery, on the other hand, are light in weight meaning that they … Read More ...


text:
Tuesday, April 05, 2005
2 Comments:
- said...
As the author of exposed, the story you knocked out, I'd say that you were correct in your selection of the post-robbery robotic break-up tale as the landslide victor.
I should mention, because you wondered, that my father was a librarian and I lived in a pretty small town, so, that's how the staff recognized me from the photos. Still, it was a pretty paltry tale compared to the others posted since.
Thanks for your comments. They made me laugh.
I think I'll avoid writing about geezers and libraries for awhile.
- Prof. Drew LeDrew said...
Holy crap, I'm glad you have a sense of humor. Also, your dad was a librarian -- at the library in question? How/why did that not make it into the story? Anyway, sorry to make light of your misery, and thanks for being a good sport about it.


text:
Blogeois is dreaming about my boyfriend, Nicolas Cage. Gonna have to have a talk with that woman.
We baked, we cooked, we shaped, we fretted, and then we baked some more. I was so tired I fell asleep on the couch about 1am and didn't wake up till 5 am, then drug my flloured ass to bed. Katie wrote a great account of the day, check it out over there in the list.
And yes, she makes mention of the fact that I still have to go out shopping today, and have a bunch of things to wrap. I'm just having such trouble finding things for Amanda. I'm seriously considering rounding out my shopping with gift certificates, because she is so difficult to buy for. She's very picky, and she has a very narrow view of what she likes. So I will head out one more time today, to try to find that one thing that screams "Amanda!" I'll be shopping with the midget mind you, so the item could quite possibly be bought 5 minutes after we leave, at a gas station. lol
Time to go help Mark get out the door - how many of you have to help your husbands/boyfriends get to work? He always waits till the very last minute to get ready, and then he's scrambling around, irritated and frantic. Men. Don't they know the art of leisurely taking an hour to get ready? They think we take forever to get ready, but really we're just pacing ourselves.


text:
Article From: NZHerald
US officials are keeping a keen eye on a Russian complex nestled on the edge of a volcanic crater in Nicaragua.
The center, which is believed to be a satellite station, has been built near the Laguna de Nejapa in Managua – the capital of the Central American nation, according to Daily Mail.
The Washington Post reports the local government described the complex as, "simply a tracking site of the Russian version of a GPS satellite system", but not everyone is convinced it isn't something more sinister.
Image Credit: Larry Koester


text:
adidas Snowboarding presents 'Welcome: Keegan Valaika
Keegan Valaika was once a child star, and the limelight shone on him brightly. He was the next "it" kid, the one who could change things for the better in the coming years. But that limelight shone a little too brightly and forced Keegan off the path of least resistance and before long, he had become one of snowboarding's most notorious free thinkers. After numerous acclaimed video parts with his former sponsor Burton, Keegan packed up and hit the road in search of creative outlets and individuality, and now, with a clothing brand in his possession, a concrete spot on the adidas squad, and a new outlook on his career after a taking some time off last winter, Keegan is set to take over yet again, all the while letting everyone know exactly what's on his mind.
"Keegan dances to the beat of his own drum in a rebellious yet inspiring way."—Jake Blauvelt


text: Communication has been streamlined to short messages. Your management should be too. stock.xchng ?? I???m a big fan of short, concise, summarized communication. ??Twitter???s revolution of 140-character messages inspired me to create a similar management reporting format that I have found to be very effective.Each week, I ask each of my direct repo ..read more..


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As you can automate your lights and thermostat, you've much more Regulate around your home's All round Electrical power performance.
Netatmo's Presence and Welcome security cameras now guidance Google Assistant. The update lets people control their cameras by means of voice commands, enabling them to complete things like check out footage over a Television or activate floodlights with a straightforward "Okay Google."
This security firm supplies some of the most extensive fundamental options we've observed. Their mid-stage Gold package features every thing apart from online video monitoring and livestreaming. That includes 24/7 Skilled monitoring, cell accessibility and alerts, home automation, as well as their Crash & Smash protection, which retains your process Lively if a burglar tries to damage and disable it. It's exceptional to acquire all of that without the need to improve. Read through the entire Link Interactive overview.
As you don't have to connect to the electrical system, a wi-fi program is easier to setup and might be able to shift with you if you can get a whole new home.
They could also take care of any issues While using the alarm technique alongside the way. And since the installer is Qualified and likely has many years of expertise on The task, you might have added reassurance the set up was accomplished appropriate.
A security technique with home automation causes it to be attainable that you should arm and disarm your alarm procedure from any place—utilizing your cell phone, pill, or Pc.
These wide angles can often result in graphic distortion at the edges in the shape of a fisheye influence, specifically when Utilized in scaled-down rooms, but it surely's not like you're likely to make use of a security to seize snapshots for the photo album.
Remember bigger-res cameras use much more World-wide-web and Wi-Fi bandwidth and battery existence. Lots of cameras also provide a software zoom function (which isn't the same point as using a Bodily zoom lens).
ADT is practically synonymous with home security, and it's one of the most well-identified and trustworthy home security model we've uncovered. But ADT doesn't rest on its laurels. This organization is consistently adapting its solutions to satisfy recent customer requires.
Keep in mind that the more options and extras you insert in your procedure, The larger the price tag—some top rated-tier offers are available in all around $sixty each month.
Cloud recording: Quite a few manufacturers supply cloud storage options with their camera. With one particular of these, your recorded movie is distributed to the distant server and saved for a predetermined time— generally anywhere from 24 several hours to each week—and afterwards deleted to produce Room for new movies.
Base Line: The versatile Reolink Argus 2 can be a weatherproof indoor/out of doors security camera that does not involve any wires and it is powered by a rechargeable battery pack.
Other functions that differentiate the Maximus from its improved-identified competitor—the Ring Floodlight Cam—involve pre-recorded messages that may be activated because of the digicam's movement detector (triggering the intruder to instinctively search for on the camera) and a membership assistance that's in fact optional: It is possible to seem back again only two hrs and you're limited to a few downloads per 30 days if you don't subscribe, the place Ring gives you only true-time viewing and no downloads in case you don't pay out.
There are 3 ways that home security corporations keep track of alarm techniques—via landline, broadband, and find out here mobile checking.
Facts About home security cameras Revealed
As you can automate your lights and thermostat, you've much more Regulate around your home's All round Electrical power performance.


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Bookmarks panel
HTWB last edited by
Mac. El Capitan. trackpad user. Why do I have to tap twice to open a page from the bookmark panel. Is there a setting to change this to a single tap? TIA
There's no option for such. The double click seems to be for making the management of the bookmarks easier (like dragging).


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Discussion in 'Fish and Invertebrates' started by SamHa, Sep 8, 2017.
Lanthanum chloride be good
I also recommend lanthanum chloride. Worked well for me.
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I'd ditch those rocks, they looks like trouble
Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk
The guy was saying that he hasn't changed the water for two years!
Poor yellow tang that was leaving there! But he looked fat and healthy!!
Not having done water changes doesn't mean a whole lot. I have not done water changes in my 40b for almost 2 years now. I have to feed heavy or dose nitrates.
Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk
Just test the water the rocks are in. If nitrates and phosphates are sky high, then you have an idea what you're in store for.
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Actually After one day in water/bleach and brushing that it does not look that bad(Attached picture).
Now it is time for lanthanum chloride! Where can I buy? What is the procedure?
Thanks Guys!
Separate names with a comma.


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Job Description
Seeking professional individual looking for a challenging career with a GROWING company! We have opportunities for professional advancement where personal development is encouraged!
• LARGE stable company
• Competitive compensation
• PAID benefits
• PAID Holidays
• Integrated management system
• Training and Development
• Opportunity for professional GROWTH
• Fast pace environment
Summary: This position is responsible for repairing and maintaining electrical systems of industrial establishments by performing the following duties.
Essential Duties and Responsibilities - Other duties may be assigned:
• Assemble, install, test, and maintain electrical or electronic wiring, equipment, appliances, apparatus, and fixtures, using hand tools and power tools.
• Diagnose malfunctioning systems, apparatus, and components, using test equipment and hand tools, to locate the cause of a breakdown and correct the problem.
• Inspect electrical systems, equipment, and components to identify hazards, defects, and the need for adjustment or repair, and to ensure compliance with codes.
• Advise management on whether continued operation of equipment could be hazardous.
• Connects wire to motors, fixtures, and other electrical equipment, replaces switches and fuses, and splices wire and insulates wire with friction tape.
• Reads and understands blueprints and 1-line drawings.
• Cleans work area, tools, and equipment.
KEY Qualifications:
• Industrial/Commercial
• Leadership
• SAFETY knowledge
• Prioritize work
• Maintenance background
• Customer Service
Education and/or Experience: Must have a minimum of 8 verifiable years of industrial experience or a Journeyman's card to prove practice. A Master Electrician's license is also permitted and/or any similar combination of education and trade-related work experience. Must have a high school diploma or equivalent GED certificate.
Communication Skills
Ability to read and comprehend simple instructions, short correspondence, and memos. Ability to effectively present information in one-on-one and small group situations to customers, clients, and other employees of the organization.
Customer Service Skills
Ability to apply common sense understanding to carry out detailed but noninvolved written or oral instructions. Ability to deal with problems involving a few concrete variables in standardized situations. Positive attitude to promote successful team environment and strong work ethic and sense of integrity.
Physical Demands
While performing the duties of this Job, the employee is regularly required to stand; walk; sit; use hands to finger, handle, or feel; reach with hands and arms; climb or balance; stoop, kneel, crouch, or crawl and talk or hear. The employee must regularly lift and /or move up to 50 pounds.
• SAFETY is our OVERRIDING Priority!
• Quality Standards
• Customer Satisfaction and Service
• Environmental Awareness
• Minority owned company!
Equal Opportunity Employer Minorities/Women/Protected Veterans/Disabled
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In 25 words or less, …. describe the universe.
I think it is because my grandfather and father were so attuned to the seasons, the stars, planets and the weather. They both taught me what they knew of the universe at every opportunity. No, neither used the Farmer's Almanac.
When my father and I would be fishing and night would creep up on us, as I rowed the boat back to shore, he would gaze into the sky and point out the constellations and the visible planets and comment on the phase of the moon. I knew the major constellations years before I ever saw a star chart in science class. Each change of the seasons was an event at my house, even if only just to declare its arrival. I learned to listen because the lessons were short. Each was probably only in 25 words or less.
Many nights I stayed up for or was awakened by my Dad to see an eclipse, a satellite pass over head or the northern lights. The night skies were so much clearer then. An occasional distant incandescent yard light was the only interference we ever experienced at that time. Few today know the details of the night skies due to the bright lights shining from every city, town or home. Few have really seen the true thickness of the Milky Way as we did many years ago. If you haven't lately, travel out as far as you can into the country side, away from city lights, to truly see just how beautiful the night sky really is. The places with no man-made light interference are getting harder and harder to find. But it will be very rewarding.
It is the knowing that is so wonderful. The knowing of what direction you are traveling at night just by knowing the time, the season and locating a couple stars . The knowing of when to expect a full moon so you will be able to use the light to go fishing by or when would be the best time for a night flight. Being aware of what time to expect sunrise or evening twilight as the seasons pass is very useful. It may sound silly now but it is a oneness we can develop with the universe by learning these things. It is a factual thing. It has nothing to do with the spiritual or the mystical, it is just knowledge.
This time of year, it is very hard to look into the heavens and not wonder why or wonder who created all of this and we can easily be amazed. But how can we expect to learn or discover the spiritual meaning unless we have made an effort to understand and learn the fundamental facts that have already been discovered? Only in knowing the physical truths of our universe will we ever be able to begin to discover and understand the why or the who. At each season change, isn't it a good time to learn and wonder this? Even if only 25 words at a time.


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Blood / Krov
A mobile blood donation center drives around small towns like a touring circus. Russia has no shortage of donors: the old, the young, the unemployed and the retirees all queue to be treated by the arduous but motherly nurses. The state pays 850 rubles for a half a liter of blood, which is equivalent to approximately 17 EUR. For many it is their only income. The film pulsates life like blood coursing in an artery. The surgeons save lives while the poor people's blood flows out of them, creating a powerful metaphor of the society as whole.
Blood Trailer from Deckert Distribution GmbH on Vimeo.


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The Jessie Benton Suite is in the Central West End, one of St. Louis' best walking neighborhoods. The apartment can sleep up to four, with an excellent queen-sized bed and a sleeper sofa bed that is truly worth sleeping on. Add $15/night per person when top-quality sleeper sofa is desired.
Our pricing defaults to two guests sharing the queen bed. If you will have two in your party, but would like to use the queen sleeper sofa, please either: Make your reservation for three, or let us know and we'll manually add the charge when processing your reservation.
Included in the tariff is a rotating selection of unguarded welcome treats, a selection of teas, and freshly roasted coffee from one of the city's best roasters to start your stay. The 'Jessie' is one block west of St. Louis University. It is four miles west of the Gateway Arch, and within three miles of St. Louis' most popular attractions: City Museum, the St. Louis Zoo, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the St. Louis Art Museum and Forest Park. The apartment is across the street from a 24-hour full-service supermarket. It is a short walk to two 24-hour pharmacies, several coffee houses, two first-run movie theaters, and many fine restaurants. Rates are based on whether one or both of the apartment's beds are in use. Base rate is for two people using one Queen-sized bed. With the exception of those reserving over holidays or high-demand dates, guests are not charged until their day of arrival. A two-night minimum is required on weekends.
We have three first-come, first-served parking spots on the lot adjacent to the building. These three spots serve the two guest apartments in the building.
The apartment has dedicated internet with WIFI, and an antenna for local stations on the flat screen television. You are welcome to log into any streaming services to which you subscribe, through the Roku Box. There is a large flat screen in the living room and a small flat screen in the bedroom.
We use dynamic pricing to ensure competitive rates.
The Jessie in on the ground floor, but has one step leading to the building entrance.


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He's not going to be the only one. Also performing at this year's edition are Timaya, Efya, Kelly Hansome, Jeremiah Gyang, and other top artistes. There will be music from DJ Jimmy Jatt.
That's not all! Headlining the concert is 2Baba, Tiwa Savage and Flavour!
Buckwyld n Breathless: The Lagos Dream takes place on Sunday October 22, 2017 at Eko Convention Centre, Victoria Island.
It's going to be one of the best musical experiences of your life, so you shouldn't miss being there.
Get your ticket at netshop.ng.
The post Kiss Daniel Coming Through at Buckwyld n Breathless: The Lagos Dream appeared first on Nigerian Entertainment Today – Nigeria's Top Website for News, Gossip, Comedy, Videos, Blogs, Events, Weddings, Nollywood, Celebs, Scoop and Games.


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Good Morning all. How has your weekend been going? Ours has been pretty quiet so far. Just did a couple of errands yesterday. Now today, hopefully will be different. I hope to crack the whip and get some house chores done.
It is all quiet here still, everybody still sleeping or just laying there playing quietly. Which is amazing. But my mind isn't. I have idea's rolling around in there like crazy. So I decide to stop by and spill some of them out to you.
I'm a horrible housekeeper. Most of the time I feel that I just barely do enough to make it not gross. Most nights the only thing that gets done is hopefully the dishes. Now I know what I see out in Blogland, is what people choose to share. That their houses are not always perfect. But when I look around my apartment, I don't see much of promise of it looking good.
So on that note, I've decided that the months of February and March are going to be spent in doing a deep clean. Just taking it one room or part of a room at a time. The goal is to clean and minimize some of our junk. Then make a list of all the things that I would like to do for that room at this time. Then when we have the time or the funds to slowly start working on those things. Then if I can get myself through this process now and get myself motivated I'll go through and do a cleaning, toss and re-evaluate my lists again in September and October.
So on top of regular chores, I'm starting with the living room today. I feel this will be the easiest room to do.
Well here good luck to whatever you have planned for the day


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While NASA, the Chinese and SpaceX all have their own plans to send humans to Mars, the group with by far the most ambitious project to achieve this is Mars One. A not-for-profit consortium, this group plans to send humans to Mars in just over a decade though a project funded almost entirely by advertising. With the idea that a mission to Mars would be the largest media event in the world, they believe that sponsors would pay billions to have their products and logos featured throughout the mission.
As part of their timeline to send humans to the Red Planet, Mars One intends to send a number of robotic demonstrator missions as a both a proof of concept, and to survey areas for an eventual colony. Despite having raised over $300,000 through Indiegogo to fund these initial missions, slated for launch in 2018, this is nowhere near the amounts needed to send a lander to Mars.
With this is mind, Mars One is offering to send commercial payloads to the planet which could include advertising or other promotional materials:
Mars One offers two payload opportunities for paying mission contributors. Proposals can take the form of scientific experiments, technology demonstrations, marketing and publicity campaigns, or any other suggested payload. "Previously, the only payloads that have landed on Mars are those which NASA has selected," said Bas Lansdorp, Co Founder of Mars One
Clearly, advertisers would probably be willing to attach their branding to a Mars mission, or indeed make a mission which is all about marketing their product, however it is unlikely they would pay enough to get the mission off the ground. Missions to Mars are notoriously prone to failure, with less than half of all missions being successful, and, as such, a multi-million dollar marketing mission would be a very risky proposition.
Despite these challenges, Mars One, which has earlier been derided by many as technically and economically impossible, is continuing to push ahead with its plan, contracting Lockheed Martin to produce a feasibility and design study for a robotic lander. However without significant sponsorship or a major investor getting behind the project, Mars One will inevitably die and untimely death. With this in mind, this proposal to send ads to Mars cries of desperation form a company without significant funding.
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Sermon at the beginning of the new decade – "Professing Christ at the New Year" – Jesus as the Son of the Living God. Great way to begin the year and move forward. Delivered & recorded LIVE at the Armenian Church Youth Ministries Center, Glendale, CA – 1/4/2010 Language: Armenian Produced by Suzie Shatarevyan for Epostle.net
New Years 2010 – Professing Christ as New Beginning0


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Peppermint Cookie Bark that is Gluten-Free, Dairy-Free, Top 8 Free, and oh-so-delicious!
This post is sponsored by Enjoy Life Foods. Opinions are my own.
I'm all about easy desserts, especially during the holiday season. This Peppermint Cookie Bark can't get any easier.
Not only does it make a fantastic treat to bring to holiday parties, but it also doubles as a food gift.
There are only three ingredients in this Peppermint Cookie Bark (yes, only three) and it can be ready to serve in less than 30 minutes (includes chill time).
My youngest daughter started middle school this year and she's had a hard time finding her tribe.
She's met a lot of nice kids, but she's still trying to figure out where she truly fits in.
We've all been there.
This year I asked my daughter if she'd like to have a little holiday party and invite her class mates.
This would give her the chance to get to know them better.
We put together invitations and she handed them out at school. Then we made a list of all the treats and activities that she'd like to have at her party.
This Peppermint Cookie Bark is one of the treats she is serving.
She's also serving Reindeer Cookie Pops, Chocolate Dipped Marshmallows, and Gluten-Free Vanilla Cupcakes.
Don't worry, I'm going to have non-sweets too. But the sweets were the first to be planned.
I'm hoping she'll have a great time and make some new friends.
I also hope to send all the leftovers home with her classmates (probably in goodie bags) so that I don't snack on the rest.
Have you ever made cookie bark? If you are looking for a cookie bark with a little bit of a salty bite to it check out Vegetarian Mamma's Old Fashioned Christmas Bark.
If you're looking for other peppermint flavored treats, check out my Gluten-Free Peppermint Dessert Shots and my Gluten-Free White Peppermint Cupcakes.
Peppermint Cookie Bark that is Gluten-Free, Dairy-Free, Top 8 Free, and oh-so-delicious!
- 2, 10 oz. bags of Enjoy Life Foods Mega Chunks
- 1, 6.3 box of Enjoy Life Foods Double Chocolate Hand Crafted Crunchy Cookies
- 3 allergy-friendly candy canes
- Line a small baking sheet with parchment paper; set aside.
- Break cookies into pieces; set aside.
- Crush candy canes (I put them in a zip lock back and hit them with a rolling pin. It sounds more hostile than it really is).
- In a large microwaveable safe bowl (or in a double boiler) heat chocolate 30 seconds at a time until melted. Stir in between each 30 second interval.
- Spread melted chocolate onto parchment lined baking sheet.
- Sprinkle cookies over the top, and press them down to help them stick.
- Sprinkle crushed candy canes over any exposed chocolate.
- Chill for 25 minutes, or until set.
- Once set, break the peppermint cookie bark into smaller pieces, or bring to room temperature and cut it with a sharp knife.
- Store in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 2 weeks.
This post is sponsored by Enjoy Life Foods. I was compensated. Opinions are my own.


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Today's Friday Fixin is all about no fuss. There's nothing better than coming home to some delicious smell that reminds you that you are horse-hungry! Now a lot of you are trying Veganism and more power to you. To the rest of us who are still taking our chances for mad cow; this one's extra sweet to the pot. Drop it in the crockpot and go away … get two things done at once or at least ready when you return.
Open-Faced Italian Brisket Sandwiches
1 (3 lb) boneless beef brisket, partially frozen
1 medium onion, quartered, sliced
1 (19 oz) can Progresso Tomato Basil Soup
2 Tbs cornstarch
2 Tbs brown sugar
1/2 tsp dried Italian seasoning
1/8 tsp ground red pepper (cayenne)
2 Tbs Worcestershire sauce
10 (1/2-inch-thick) slices Italian bread
10 (1 oz) slices provolone cheese
2 Tbs chopped fresh parsley
Marbled cheese
Cut beef diagonally across grain into thin slices. Place
beef in 3- 1/2 or 4-qt slow cooker. Add onion. In medium
bowl, combine soup, cornstarch, brown sugar, Italian
seasoning, ground red pepper and Worcestershire sauce;
mix until smooth. Pour over beef and onion. Cover; cook
on low setting for 10-12 hours. To serve, place 1 slice
of bread on each individual plate. Top each with slice of
cheese and spoon about 3/4 cut beef mixture over each.
Sprinkle with shredded marble cheese.
Grave Embrace
Looking Up, Cool, Dark;
Up from the box in the earth
Sweet grave, cold embrace.
Tatoos in the Sun
Swirling inks, sleeveless;
Browned by the sun's kisses
Tatoos and tanlines.
[note: REMEMBER, tats are forever.]


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After a wet trip to IKEA in Michigan, the studio is now furnished... mostly.
We went up to Perrysburg last weekend (?) and also did a day trip up to the IKEA in Michigan. It is a newer store. On our list: stuff for the studio and possibly a dining room table and TV stand. We got the first two, but no TV stand will fit Greg's big-ass receiver. He will probably have to build one himself.
Anyway, IKEA was exhausting, as usual. But we were able to break up the day with a visit with Greg's childhood friend Nate. Turns out Nate and his wife live about 20 minutes from the IKEA, so they met us at Chili's in the front parking lot and we had chips and salsa and chatted. After that we went back in to the store and made the final selections. Two guys loaded everything nicely into the truck and we were on our way back to P-burg.
But it started raining.
So we pulled over under an overpass and unrolled the tanno (sp?) cover only to realize at the end that we didn't have the last bar in which has the snaps for the end. Oh well- flap away tanno, flap away. Better than our merchandise getting wet, right? I sat facing backwards watching it flap violently and imagining it ripping off completely and flying into the face of a motorcyclist behind us.
So we stopped and rolled it back up.
It wasn't raining hard, and actually no water was hitting the back of the truck when we were moving. Luckily it stayed like this the rest of the drive. When we got back to Greg's parent's house, we put a tarp on it. The tarp, however, wasn't secured very well. Overnight it poured rain. In the morning, we had water in the truck bed- not tons, but enough that we had to pull out every piece and unpack it to see if it was wet. A couple of pieces we had to blow-dry with a hairdryer. Particle board is like sponge. But everything is OK.
The rain never stopped. Instead of trying to figure out a new tarp system for the way home, Greg's parents offered their van for us to take. So we repacked and loaded everything into the van. We just need to exchange the vehicles back which I think is happening this week.
A lot of work for our IKEA furniture!
We have spent the past weeks putting together furniture in the studio and moving art supplies and books over to it. It's all done now- shelves, tables, mini-flat file. And we've moved over the drawing table. The only thing left is the futon and computer!
So that's the update on the furnishings. I'll post pictures of it I promise.


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Seth Godin is a real genius, not a wanna be , he follows his own path and utilizes the online business to the max. He says it is now so easy to start your own business and advertise on the internet.I have been learning from Seth Godin for more than a half decade now and his ideas has inspired me to decide where I should head. In his talks he gives a great message. He says it's time for you to pick yourself up and go do what you want.
The generation has to take action, everyday things are getting competitive and only the people who listen to the voice in their head and decide it is time to move one are the people who survive and make it to elite levels in life.
In this quick post, I have shared a great video for you to listen to his one of the most positive messages you can take today and move on with life.