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Matthias Duller
University of Graz
Centre for Advanced Study Sofia
Mikołaj Pawlak
University of Warsaw
iewed from afar, the political situations of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe under communist rule appear to have been roughly the same. It may thus seem obvious that the experiences of sociologists – and their institutional and epistemological situations – were also the same. But when we look more closely, it turns out that due to diverse national prewar traditions, the different natures of socialist regimes, and the power of links to Western sociology, conditions were much more diverse than might have been expected. In this issue of Stan Rzecz y (State of Affairs) we bring together the writings of scholars from Poland, the Czech Republic, Belarus, Hungary, Romania, Albania, and Sweden to explore the diversity and similarity of sociology in these countries in terms of sociologists' roles, attitudes toward Marxism as a live tradition and official ideology, the development of concepts, the inclination to engage in empirical research, and so on. The inspiration came from three sessions organised by Matthias Duller, an editor of this issue, at the Interim Conference of the ISA Research Committee on the History of Sociology "Monuments, Relics, and Revivals" held in Warsaw in June 2016.
The present special issue is devoted to the history of sociology in Eastern Europe under state socialism. Most of the articles that follow deal with specific aspects of sociology in one or more countries; one article presents a framework for thinking about the topic in general. Here in the introduction we will place the subject in the context of social sciences beyond the socialist orbit.
The stunning rise of the social sciences after the end of the Second World War is not only interesting to social scientists for self-reflective purposes but is a historical phenomenon worth studying in its own right (compare Backhouse & Fontaine 2010, 2014). The social sciences were elevated in connection with the global movement championing the sciences as the dominant and only legitimate knowledge system (Drori et al. 2003). While the centre of scientific knowledge undoubtedly moved from Europe to North America, the expansion of the science system was not just a simple process of diffusion from North America outwards but was a reaction to the challenges of the post-war era everywhere in the world.
Two of these challenges are of particular importance for the social sciences: the unparalleled pace of modernisation, and the Cold War, a military and cultural confrontation of competing "systems" with different answers to modernisation. Both have been discussed at great length in studies on the history of the social sciences in the Western world. Although it is obvious that the former Eastern bloc was affected by modernisation and the Cold War to at least the same degree as the West, such discussions in its regard are extremely rare. This special issue is intended to help fill the gap.
Modernisation, societal transformation, and the position of men and women in the modern world engendered the intellectual predisposition to make human affairs a matter of systematic inquiry, and provided a favoured object of study: from Comte to Marx and the founding fathers in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, sociology has involved the study of modernity. On a global level, however, modernity's institutional "take-off" – to use a famous metaphor from modernisation theory – occurred only after the end of the Second World War. Then practically all societies, from "first world" capitalist democracies to "second world" socialist societies and "third world" postcolonial states, invested heavily in economic growth, industrialisation, social welfare, and, of course, the science and education that were supposed to provide the knowledge for these developments. The number of countries with a national science- -policy organisation, for example, rose from less than twenty in the 1930s to over ninety in 1990 (Drori et al. 2003: 3). Most importantly, worldwide the university system expanded dramatically. The average number of students per 100,000 inhabitants rose from 160 in 1920 to 3,446 in the year 2000 (Fleck 2011: 14–15) – a more than twenty-fold increase. Research and teaching personnel increased at a similar rate.
The same period was marked by the military and ideological confrontation of East and West, or of socialism versus capitalism. Over the past two decades there has come to be a burgeoning literature on how the Cold War influenced the social sciences not only in terms of institutional expansion but also on the level of ideas (see e.g., Engerman 2010; Gilman 2016; Isaac 2007, 2011; Isaac & Bell 2012; Simpson 1998; Solovey & Cravens 2012). While a large number of studies describe the emergence of academic fields such as rational choice theory (Amadae 2003), game theory (Erickson 2015), modernisation theory (Gilman 2003; Latham 2011), and international relations (Guilhot 2011) in the context of the Cold War, only recently has research expanded to include the socialist countries of the Eastern bloc and the channels of communication between East and West (Boldyrev & Kirtchik 2016). To connect the discussion of the social sciences under socialism with the literature of Cold War social science would be a very fruitful undertaking, because it would help to distinguish the modes of political influence and interference in the social sciences that are typical of autocratic regimes from those that also appear in democracies.
The social sciences under state socialism are commonly viewed with a focus on the totalitarian aspects of the situation: the instrumentalisation of the social sciences for ideological legitimisation; propaganda; censorship; and coercion (e.g., Keen & Mucha 2004). This view assumes that the natural role of the social sciences is to evaluate social realities critically, and the social sciences' position is thus perverted under a regime that claims the exclusive right to interpret those realities for itself.
The restrictions the authoritarian regimes imposed upon the social sciences were undoubtedly severe and diminished those disciplines' scientific and social potential. But reducing the story to the opposition between political regimes (seen only as suppressors of social science knowledge) and social scientists (in latent or open opposition to the regimes) is a historical construction that might please the self-image of liberal intellectuals today but leads to other aspects being overlooked. Polish sociologists are especially proud that many of them adopted anti-regime positions. In other countries of the region – for instance, in Czechoslovakia and Hungary – sociologists were also strongly engaged in political opposition and in some cases had to pay the price of being expelled from academia or forced to emigrate. Yet no such fundamental opposition can be observed in Albania, Bulgaria, the German Democratic Republic, or Romania.
As with the notion of varieties of capitalism we can thus talk about varieties of socialism: diverse modes of the political implementation of Marxism-Leninism, and, in our case, the disparate architecture of the social sciences in communist countries. The socialist states were transforming from Stalinism in the 1950s to other forms of state socialism. The divergence between these forms was especially visible in the degree of openness of intellectual debates in different countries at different points in time. None of the regimes were monolithic: there were factions in the communist parties and academia; intellectuals disagreed over how to interpret Marxism, socialism, and the social realities.
Most importantly, the totalitarianism-focused view tends to ignore the dilemma facing even the most repressive communist regimes: they needed reliable expertise and learned reflection about their political projects while at the same time they feared feeding independent and potentially dissident or revisionist political thought. Even during the Stalinist period, when the term "sociology" was banned and declared a bourgeois science, the study of society advanced, either in the form of historical materialism or under other names. During the thaw period, sociology was reintroduced to universities in some countries. Often, communist regimes consciously decided to help develop the social sciences, for the simple reason that the authorities thought such knowledge was needed in their societies. Some social scientists did indeed become critical intellectuals and dissidents; the vast majority did not, but adapted to the realities and produced research within the confines of what was possible.
Drori et al. (2003: 199) argue that communist scientific expansion was almost entirely driven by the natural sciences, while the social sciences were kept at a minimum. They base their judgment on an analysis of citations from an international database, which was likely incomplete. Looking at two state socialist societies, Yugoslavia and the German Democratic Republic (GDR), a completely different picture emerges. In the academic year 1965–1966 almost half of the students in "liberal" Yugoslavia (46%) studied in the humanities and social sciences (UNESCO 1968: 43). In the GDR – an example of particularly tight dictatorship throughout its existence – the SED leadership invested heavily in the social sciences, rather than suppressing them, with the goal of constructing a loyal intelligentsia (Connelly 1997). New scholarships and early career programmes were introduced in the late 1940s and early 1950s under direct party control. Around 60% of the beneficiaries were from the social sciences and humanities (Duller et al. 2018; Jessen 1999: 56–59). This indicates that the socialist regimes, certainly no less than Western democracies, felt an acute need for social-science knowledge and actively invested in its expansion. The relation between the nascent social sciences and the regimes differed strongly between countries and periods: in the GDR, for instance, sociologists were loyal intellectual extensions of the Communist Party; in Yugoslavia, there was relative tolerance for critical intellectuals; and in Hungary and Poland in the 1980s the social sciences often had a dissident inclination. In looking at each of these countries, the complex dynamics in the relation become obvious. There were various phases of greater openness, such as in Poland after 1956, in Czechoslovakia in the years before 1968, and in Romania during the early Ceaușescu years, but such periods were often followed by conservative backlashes in the name of "normalisation" or reconsolidation.
The aim of this special issue is thus to present empirical studies and to counter the conventional assumption that state socialism created the same conditions for sociological inquiry in all countries of the Eastern bloc.
Ideally, comparative studies are needed to advance our understanding of how political conditions and intellectual histories in the social sciences are related to each other. So far, most comparative efforts in the history of the social sciences have proceeded by assembling case studies (usually national ones) and by leaving the comparisons implicit and up to the reader. The exceptions to the rule are Voříšek (2008, 2012) and Koleva (2018), and for the West, Fourcade (2009). The lack of comparisons is unfortunate, but is likely due to a more general lack of empirical studies from which meaningful comparisons can be drawn.
Recently, an important source for the history of sociology in a large number of countries has been the Sociolog y Transformed series published by Palgrave Macmillan. Along with studies on sociology in many other regions, it currently features three studies on Eastern Europe (Bucholc 2016; Skovajsa & Balon 2017; Titarenko & Zdravomyslova 2017).
The current issue of Stan Rzeczy provides empirical studies on the varieties of conditions in which sociology existed under state socialism, in a way that promotes comparisons.
Why do we use the term "state socialism"? Because it is a good descriptor of the evolving political systems of countries ruled by communist parties. While the governing of these countries was driven by communist ideology, it was the web of institutions, the authorities at all different levels – in a word, the state – that shaped socialist societies more than anything else. The same political conditions also determined the shape of the social sciences in each of the countries. Intellectually, Marxism influenced the social sciences enormously, being the base of the official state ideology. The institutional settings, however, were more important, as they allowed social scientists to manoeuvre within the limits of official discourse with different degrees of freedom. Basic material conditions, such as access to literature, travel, conferences, and tighter or looser webs of censorship, had a more profound impact on social scientists' intellectual output than did the intellectual tradition of Marxism. As it turns out, serious Marxist scholarship was often a tool used to criticise Communist Party rule and was associated with dissident scholars rather than with conformists, who deemed lip service to Marxism sufficient.
We hope this issue will throw some light on the diversity of intellectual life in Central and Eastern Europe. The subject is important because the academic institutions formed in the period of state socialism still constitute the organisational base for the social sciences in the region, and many authors and ideas from this period still inspire younger generations of sociologists. Other ideas came to be forgotten in the period after the breakup of the system, but some are now being revived.
Communism in Central and Eastern European countries was a project of radical modernisation. Sociology, as a study of modern society, was deeply interested in this project, and rapid industrialisation and urbanisation were fascinating topics of inquiry. Yet, under the influence of Marxism as the official state ideology, certain research subjects were hard to approach. In many instances, social reality was not changing along the lines assumed by the doctrine. The key problem was change in the social structure. According to the doctrine, societies under state socialism should be transforming into classless societies. Yet social stratification seemed to persist. In some countries, revealing such research findings or even asking such research questions could be dangerous. In less harsh political systems, persons writing about social stratification struggled to reconcile the theory and the results. One of the outcomes was a very interesting sociology of social stratification, which was developed by Polish scholars such as Włodzimierz Wesołowski.
The elites and sociologists of Central and Eastern Europe defined their societies as peripheral societies engaged in catching up with the West. Indeed, state socialism was a grand project of modernisation and of escaping the peripheral position. Yet Eastern and Central European sociologists continued to perceive their societies as peripheral and looked to the cultural centre for theories to help them understand those societies. Depending on how closed the intellectual life of a given country was, this could be more or less easy – or nearly impossible. In Poland after 1956 sociologists had the opportunity to travel to the USA. They applied the theories they encountered there and also quite quickly adopted survey research techniques. What is also important in the context of Central and Eastern Europe is that quite a large body of theoretical works were translated into Polish. In other countries, as is interestingly described in this issue by Andrei Dudchik, the diffusion of Western sociological theories was possible via the trick of criticising bourgeois science. Authors made ceremonial use of historical materialism while discussing other theoretical frameworks.
However, this issue also teaches us not to treat Marxism solely as the official ideology of the communist countries. Marxism was revised and in some cases served as a useful framework for explaining and understanding the social processes in Central and Eastern Europe. It cannot be forgotten that the accusation of revisionism was a very dangerous tool in political debates. Still, some sociologists managed to construct interesting and inspiring interpretations of Marxism. The example of Polish Marxism-influenced sociology is discussed in this issue in the article by Maciej Gdula.
Since the fall of communism, communist regimes have conventionally been described as hostile to their societies. This is true: human rights were violated and before 1989 the Central and Eastern European states could by no means be called democracies. Nevertheless, we also have to admit that there were certain areas of social progress under state socialism. Thus dividing matters into black and white would seem to be an oversimplification, and yet the question that is often asked about sociologists is whether they were on the side of the state or of society during this time. Some were active (and some merely passive) members of communist parties, while others engaged in research on political mobilisation and joined the political opposition.
The present special issue of Stan Rzecz y is divided into four sections: sociology in Central and Eastern Europe; national sociologies; research, concepts, and perspectives; and reviews. The first paper, by Georges Mink, is a section on its own because it is the only paper that attempts a general characterisation of sociology in Central and Eastern Europe under socialism. It is based on a number of interviews the author conducted with sociologists in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and the USSR during the 1980s. Although, as we argued above, such a perspective is only part of the story of sociology under state socialism and is close to the totalitarianismfocused view, the article provides rich insights into the lives and thinking of a cohort of sociologists and delivers an explicit conceptual discussion of the different roles sociologists played vis-à-vis state power.
The section titled "National Sociologies" discusses sociologies in four very different academic contexts: Romania, Poland, Belarus, and Albania. Stefan Bosomitu covers the entire history of Romanian sociology under socialist rule and places it in the context of political history. Among other things, the article shows the importance of individual figures such as Miron Constantinescu (a former sociologist and later influential member of the communist regime, who played the key role in re-establishing the sociological discipline after 1965, see also Bosomitu 2014). In addition, Bosomitu provides an instructive discussion about the continuity of the strong pre-war tradition of Romanian sociology.
In her essay on the phases of sociology's development under communist rule in Poland, Agnieszka Kolasa-Nowak concentrates on the issue of modernisation. According to her, sociology has developed in parallel with changes in the regime. She distinguishes three phases in the history of Polish sociology under state socialism: first, it was a social laboratory for structural changes; then it became interested in social engineering (i.e., the sociotechnics project was developed); and in the 1980s it turned to critical analysis of the communist system. Yet Kolasa-Nowak claims that Polish sociology under state socialism was consistent in its main focus on catching up with the imagined modernised world.
Andrei Dudchik's article is particularly interesting as little has been written about sociology in Belarus. Dudchik presents two types of struggles in which the founding fathers of Belarusian sociology engaged. The first was the struggle for independence from philosophy. The second concerned the independence of sociology in Belarus from Soviet sociology. Belarus was just one of the USSR's sixteen republics. Sociology in Belarus was conducted in Russian and was influenced by trends from Moscow and Leningrad. Yet, as it departed from philosophy for empirical research, it focused mainly on local experience.
In an article entitled "The Autonomisation of the Cultural Field in Late Socialist Albania and the Emergence of Early Sociological Research" Sokol Lleshi and Teuta Starova address the issue of Albania's unique experience with sociology and attempt to compare it to the experience of other countries of the region. This is a very interesting case study, as Enver Hoxha's model of state socialism was one of the most radical in Europe, and sociology did not have much opportunity to develop there.
The section entitled "Research, Concepts, and Perspectives" consists of four articles: on sociological inquiries in Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, and Sweden. The paper by Piotr Filipkowski, Judit Gárdos, Éva Kovács, and Vera Szabari compares the sociologies of lifestyle developed in the 1970s in Poland and Hungary. A very interesting finding of these authors is that although research on lifestyles in the two countries was conducted independently, there are striking similarities in the assumptions and approaches that were utilised in studying Hungarians and Poles.
The sociology of lifestyle is also discussed by Michal Kopeček in his paper on applied sociology in Czechoslovakia. The sociology of lifestyle, next to the sociology of industry, was employed there in the project of building a socialist society. Kopeček demonstrates how sociological inquiries that supported the official scientific and technological revolution were developed in parallel with shadow and critical studies of the same aspects of Czechoslovak society. This study shows how sociology was involved in the "construction" of society under state socialism and how it also easily became involved in the "construction" of society under the neoliberal project after 1989.
In "The Warsaw School of Marxism" Maciej Gdula compares the achievements of Warsaw-based, Marxist-oriented sociologists with those of the famous Warsaw School of the History of Ideas. According to Gdula, the school of sociological inquiry created by Julian Hochfeld and his disciples cannot be captured by the dichotomy between official Marxism and revisionist Marxism. Hochfeld and his disciples were engaged on a truly empirical research program oriented towards improving society.
The article by Sven Eliaeson is distinct from other works included in the issue because it approaches our topic from the outside. In an exposition reaching back to late medieval times, Eliaeson unfolds the history of the concept of civil society in Sweden both as a "real" historical object of study and as an analytical tool for the study of a real object. Contrasting the Swedish concept with the very different meaning of "civil society" in 1980s Poland, the article provides an extremely original perspective on how sociological thinking – often far beyond the awareness of sociologists themselves – is dependent on historical conditions.
This issue also contains seven book reviews (works published in German, English, and Polish).
With the exception of Sven Eliaeson's article on the Swedish model of civil society, the present special issue is restricted to state socialism in Central Eastern Europe. State socialism, though, has existed in many other parts of the world. We certainly need more research on sociology under state socialism in Asia or in Cuba: sociology is developing very rapidly in China, for example. This issue proves that sociology is useful in understanding various types of societies. Yet it also provides material for understanding how various political conditions and worldviews influence sociological thinking. State socialism was an extreme case, but the study of extreme cases often proves helpful in understanding social processes. Zdeněk Konopásek (2000) claimed that understanding communist Czechoslovakia was a good way to understand any modern society. In Western liberal democracies there are also social scientists who justify the social order and those who are marginalised because of their critical stances. In the extreme case of state socialism these processes are more visible and methodologically easier to describe. Thanks to the papers collected in this issue we can understand how political and structural factors shape the minds of social scientists.
/// Amadae S.M. 200 Rationalizing Capitalist Democracy: The Cold War Origins of Rational Choice Liberalism, University of Chicago Press.
/// Amadae 201 Prisoners of Reason: Game Theory and Neoliberal Political Economy, Cambridge University Press.
/// Backhouse R.E., Fontaine P., eds. 201 The History of the Social Sciences since 1945, Cambridge University Press.
/// Backhouse R.E., Fontaine P., eds. 201 A Historiography of the Modern Social Sciences, Cambridge University Press.
/// Boldyrev I., Kirtchik O. 201 "On (Im)permeabilities: Social and Human Sciences on Both Sides of the 'Iron Curtain,'" History of the Human Sciences, vol. 29(4–5), pp. 3–12.
/// Bosomitu Ș. 201 Miron Constantinescu: O Biografie, Humanitas.
/// Bromley P., Meyer J.W. 201 Hyper-Organization: Global Organizational Expansion, Oxford University Press.
/// Brunnbauer U., Kraft C., Schulze Wessel M., eds. 201 Sociolog y and Ethnography in East-Central and South-East Europe: Scientific Self-Description in State Socialist Countries, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag.
/// Bucholc M. 2016. Sociology in Poland: To Be Continued? Palgrave Macmillan.
/// Connelly J. 199 "Ulbricht and the Intellectuals," Contemporary European History, vol. 6(3), pp. 329–359.
/// Drori G.S., Meyer J.W., Ramirez F.O., Schofer E. 200 Science in the Modern World Polity: Institutionalization and Globalization, Stanford University Press
/// Duller M., Fleck C., Schögler R.Y. 201 "Germany: After the Mandarins," [in:] Shaping Human Science Disciplines: Institutional Developments in Europe and Beyond, eds. C. Fleck, M. Duller, V. Karády, Palgrave Macmillan.
/// Easton D., Gunnel J.G., Stein M.B., eds. 199 Regime and Discipline: Democracy and the Development of Political Science, University of Michigan Press.
/// Engerman D.C. 201 "Social Science in the Cold War," Isis, vol. 101(2), pp. 393–400.
/// Erickson P. 201 The World the Game Theorists Made, The University of Chicago Press.
/// Fleck C. 201 A Transatlantic History of the Social Sciences: Robber Barons, the Third Reich and the Invention of Empirical Social Research, Bloomsbury Academic.
/// Fourcade M. 200 Economists and Societies: Discipline and Profession in the United States, Britain, and France, 1890s to 1990s, Princeton University Press.
/// Gilman N. 200 Mandarins of the Future: Modernization Theory in Cold War America, Johns Hopkins University Press.
/// Gilman N. 201 "The Cold War as Intellectual Force Field," Modern Intellectual History, vol. 13(2), pp. 507–523.
/// Guilhot N., ed. 201 The Invention of International Relations Theory: Realism, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the 1954 Conference on Theory, Columbia University Press.
/// Isaac J. 200 "The Human Sciences in Cold War America," The Historical Journal, vol. 50(3), pp. 725–746.
/// Isaac J. 201 "Introduction: The Human Sciences and Cold War America," Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, vol. 47(3), pp. 225–231.
/// Isaac J., Bell D. 201 "Introduction," [in:] Uncertain Empire: American History and the Idea of the Cold War, eds. J. Isaac, D. Bell, Oxford University Press, pp. 3–16.
/// Jessen R. 199 Akademische Elite und kommunistische Diktatur: Die ostdeutsche Hochschullehrerschaft in der Ulbricht-Ära, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
/// Keen M.F., Mucha J., eds. 199 Eastern Europe in Transformation: The Impact on Sociology, Greenwood Press.
/// Keen M.F., Mucha J., eds. 200 Sociolog y in Central and Eastern Europe: Transformation at the Dawn of a New Millennium, Praeger.
/// Keen M.F., Mucha J., eds. 200 "Sociology in Central and Eastern Europe in the 1990s: A Decade of Reconstruction," European Societies, vol. 6(2), pp. 123–147.
/// Koleva S. 201 Totalitarian Experience and Knowledge Production: Sociology in Central and Eastern Europe, 1945–1989, Brill.
/// Konopásek Z. 200 "Reflexive Autobiographies: Interpreting the East – Understanding the West," [in:] Our Lives as Database: Doing a Sociology of Ourselves – Czech Social Transitions in Autobiographical Research Dialogues, ed. Z. Konopásek, Karolinum (Charles University Press), pp. 281–298.
/// Latham M.E. 201 The Right Kind of Revolution: Modernization, Development, and U.S. Foreign Policy from the Cold War to the Present, Cornell University Press.
/// Simpson C., ed. 199 Universities and Empire: Money and Politics in the Social Sciences during the Cold War, The New Press.
/// Skovajsa M., Balon J. 201 Sociology in the Czech Republic: Between East and West, Palgrave Macmillan.
/// Solovey M., Cravens H., eds. 201 Cold War Social Science: Knowledge Production, Liberal Democracy, and Human Nature, Palgrave Macmillan.
/// Titarenko L., Zdravomyslova E. 201 Sociolog y in Russia: A Brief History, Palgrave Macmillan.
/// UNESCO. 196 Science Policy and the Organization of Scientific Research in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. "Science Policy Studies and Documents," vol. 9, UNESCO.
/// Voříšek M. 200 "Antagonist, Type, or Deviation? A Comparative View on Sociology in Post-War Soviet Europe," Revue d'histoire des Sciences Humaines, vol. 18, pp. 85–113.
/// Voříšek M. 201 The Reform Generation: 1960s Czechoslovak Sociology from a Comparative Perspective, Kalich.
Download: Stan Rzeczy 13 /// Contents (202 pobrania)
Download: Stan Rzeczy 13 /// Introduction (212 pobrań)
Numer ISSN: 2083-3059
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Well Maintained Ranch Featuring Hardwood Floors, Sunken Family Room, 3 Bedrooms, 1 Full Bath, Finished Basement On A Large Property With In-Ground Pool!
List Price: $349,000 Taxes W/O Star: $10,500
Closing dates are often a bit confusing to people, one would think that closing as soon as possible is always the only way to go but there are a few factors you will need to keep in mind. There are steps to determining the correct closing date for both the buyers and sellers and will be tweaked during the process of getting into full contract.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Laura Ingraham, whom I met when, appears typically on Fox News as a political commentator. Bagdikian (2004) has suggested that the news media is an instance of market failure in its lack of competitors, but Herman (2002) has suggested that the news media nonetheless help free market ideals. I use this website as a marketing tool for people who are interested in becoming a portion of this business. The way of the world is to bloom and flower and to die but in the affairs of America there is no waning and the noon of her expression signals the onset of night. Some enterprise owners don't get this and their enterprise suffers in the extended run because of it.
All these theories aside, there is one overriding consideration that assists explain the day-to-day puzzle of what is news: What's newsworthy on a slow news day" is far various than what you'll read when a natural disaster occurs or a parliamentary scandal breaks. Acts of kindness support spread joy about the globe and has a ripple effect far beyond what we will ever see. A pal in my hemp meals company is generating hemp hammocks and upside down hanging plant holders out hemp to sell at flea markets and other outdoor events like that!
A little organization has to preserve a very good self-image or else their company can take a hit and that is why when folks assume the worst in these little companies, the business suffers tremendously. With the worst appear to be (and hopefully) over, the Indian market has learnt its lessons about survival in such a scenario and how to grow its company in spite of the odds. These are the rich nations and single largest exporter of oil and gas in the planet.
The biggest adjust in the way that we interact due to social media is the sheer number of folks that we can interact can interact with people from all around the globe. I located a few websites that claimed she is married to a Tony Berlin but I could not confirm that on any official news internet sites. With millions (literally) of web sites and social media channels, mass media has turn into significantly more democratized, with ordinary non-media men and women becoming news sources. There are numerous elements involved in the competition of business and how organizations relate to their customers.
I also received a comment on 1 of my pages about monetizing a free of charge WiFi hotspot by displaying the user a short 20- 30 second video soon after they connect to the network, like they have on YouTube videos. They are usually owned and distributed to Koreans or Korean-Americans in the US. I'm unsure of their help but I do know that South Koreans have a tendency to be very supportive of their own. Yet they are killing the planet and carrying out far much more damage than the terrorists and all the wars combined.


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NST 1B Physiology is arguably the core option for second year bionatscis: falling between the cellular and the whole-organism levels, physiology occupies a central position within the biological sciences.
Apart from being a fascinating subject in its own right, 1B Physiology is an excellent partner to almost any other biological course, be it molecular, para-medical or whole animal. In this document, we will describe our physiology course and spell out the main reasons why you should consider taking it.
But I know all about physiology already...I did it at 1A!
Some students feel that, having read 1A Physiology of Organisms (PoO), they have covered physiology already and should therefore try something different in part 1B. However, you only scratch the surface of animal physiology in PoO – it gives you a good overview, but there is unfortunately no time in the 1A course to look at anything in satisfactory detail.
Actually, only about half of the 1B course relates to the same topics as covered in 1A, and most students find the in-depth 1B treatment to be much more interesting and rewarding. The other half explores strange new worlds, including reproductive physiology, exercise physiology and physiology in extreme environments.
Leave out the Physiological sciences from your curriculum, and you launch the student into the world, undisciplined in that science whose subject-matter would best develop his powers of observation; ignorant of facts of the deepest importance for his own and others' welfare; blind to the richest sources of beauty in God's creation; and unprovided with that belief in a living law, and an order manifesting itself in and through endless change and variety, which might serve to check and moderate that phase of despair through which, if he take an earnest interest in social problems, he will assuredly sooner or later pass....Thomas Henry Huxley, 1854.


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Ruminations of the Soul reflects insights and conversations prompted by the authors diverse interests and innate curiosity about the world as a Unitarian Universalist minister, growing theologian, teacher, writer, activist/researcher and seeker.The blogger is a mystical humanist/child of the Universe on a path seeking to encounter the Sacred and Divine and to be of service to heal self and the world.
Friday, November 30, 2007
Hangin' Out in the Motor City with Family!
L-R Mrs. Elvina W. Vaughn (my mom) and Mrs. Sandra Vaughn (my sister-in-law)
L-R Jennie (my niece)and her son; Sandra Vaughn and Rev. Michael Vaughn (my youngest brother. I have five)
L-R Libra M. Finley (my oldest daughter) and Qiyamah - Summer of 2007
My youngest sister Jackie and her granddaughter
Jennie and her son
Posted by Qiyamah A.Rahman at 10:56 PM
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Q&A – The Visual Motifs of America
I've been working on this body of work – Q&A, for a little more than four years now. I usually describe it as an investigation into the visual mores applied when photographing the U.S.A, and an inquiry into the relationship between a place and its own mythos. I'm really excited by the idea that for a significant proportion of people, 'America' exists visually as a somewhat abstract concept. The history of the last 60 years of popular culture is, with the odd deviation, the history of American popular culture. As a result, there is this enormous mess of visual tropes which all point to various notions of what the U.S.A. look like; flags, mountains, cars, guns, roads etc. This is at its most effective I think when you realise that this strange quirk of culture has the power to provoke a familiarity for a place without the need to have actually visited it. There is no doubt other places in the world that prompt a similar reaction but none in quite the same way or on the same scale as the visual motifs of America do.
Going in search of things to photograph for this project has lead me into some wonderful, strange and daunting situations. I took this picture outside of a coal mine deep in one of the many valleys of the Appalachian mountains. Earlier on that day, someone had threatened me with violence over the taking of a picture for the first time. This had already made me feel a little uneasy. When the pickup truck that you can see in the image hurtled down the driveway of the facility kicking up dust behind it, I very nearly stopped taking pictures and left immediately. In retrospect, I was perhaps a little paranoid about being confronted again. Fortunately, for whatever reason (probably similar to when an animal freezes out of panic) I stuck it out and the chance inclusion of the truck ended up making the picture.
Q&A began when I traveled to the U.S. for the first time after finishing university. After landing in Memphis and driving west on the I-40 I was astonished to find that the America that I had expected simply wasn't there. Instead, I found a parade of supermarkets, motel chains and retail parks. I felt as if I had been mis-sold; the America I was seeking (or at least the idea of it I'd had up to that point) felt either out of my reach or didn't exist. After a week or so, I had changed my approach to traveling. Staying off the interstates and sticking to the smaller roads had proved more successful in yielding the kind of scenes I thought I should be photographing, but caused a different kind of mental dissonance. Why was I photographing these things to confirm my own assumed ideas? What I ultimately came to realise was that the America I expected did exist – but only in isolated pockets. It had to be sought out and curated into a kind of simulacrum and in turn became an analogy for the act of photographing itself; an odd exercise in choosing what to point the camera at, what to exclude or ignore and what to embrace. A project in which I actively try to indulge the familiar visual language of photographing America turned out to be more liberating. It allowed me to revel in the myth of the country and at the same time scrutinize and parody the repetitive use of its cultural symbols.
I'd really fond of this picture because of how much of an undertaking it was. I saw this isolated gas station the first time I went to Death Valley, in the daytime. I didn't really think too much of it at the time and carried on driving. It was only on the flight home when I came across it while I flipping through pictures I had taken on my phone that I realised how different it would have looked at night. I spent the rest of the journey home beating myself up for the oversight. Fortunately, a year later I did manage to go back to the gas station and made this picture. That night I think I shot around seven rolls of film from every conceivable angle to make sure I had it and could lay what felt like a missed opportunity to rest.
I made the work over a number of trips to the U.S. (I am based in London, UK) and traveled to 40 states in total. I'm hoping to get the last 10 ticked off at some point. Each journey started with a lot of research and a map plotted with places that I wanted to go to or where I thought there might be a good picture. It was very rare that I stuck to the route for more than a couple of days because I'd lose interest or get frustrated that I hadn't found anything that I wanted to photograph. In that respect, I have an unusual relationship with the act of making a picture. I don't particularly enjoy the process; I tend to feel a little queasy and have to fight against my urge to overthink my decisions about what is in front of the camera. One of the best pieces of advice I ever got was to keep a physical shot list of things that you are looking out for to photograph. Usually, this list isn't too specific but helps me keep the topics or themes that I want to address at the forefront of my mind.
The winters in the upper peninsula of Michigan are cold, long and harsh. This image shows the Mackinac bridge almost entirely obscured during a snowstorm. The bridge crosses the straights of Mackinac; a body of water between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron and joins the two land masses that comprise the state. When traveling across the frozen water the ice below looked like marble; cracked and refrozen with enormous veins of black ice running through it. The upper peninsula's low population density (roughly 19 square miles per person) lends it a strong regional identity and a peaceful remoteness.
In this body of work, there are a number of images that are relatively simple head and shoulders portraits of people with little affectation. Photographic portraiture is unique in providing the viewer with a life-like representation of a person and actively encouraging them to scrutinise it far beyond acceptable societal norms. I feel that the wider tendency to believe that a two-dimensional image of someone can reveal some kind of deeper truth about the sitter is inaccurate. To my mind, the best portraits usually hinge on the ability of the photographer (and subject) to consider and arrange the array of denotative and connotative signs that the picture will contain and also understand the context in which they are presented. In Q&A most of the portraits are intended to be somewhat archetypal – fundamentally an exercise in casting with each person playing a role. As with all of the images, the portraits are given very little context and no anecdotal information, my intent being to provide the viewer with enough space to apply their own speculations and narratives.
The thing I often find hardest to convey when talking to people about this body of work is the slightly dualistic relationship I have with all of these fragments of Americana. On the one hand, I am aware that a lot of what I'm photographing is a mythologised and often romanticized untruth. Simultaneously, I can't help but feel a sense of excitement when I find a place or thing or even a person who conforms to my deep rooted assumptions about what America should look like.


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9 freelance font une offre moyenne de $100 pour ce travail
osCommerce expert. See PM for details. Thanks
I can create "live" XML, according to "[login to view URL]" instruction.
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please see pmb for details. Tarique
Will generate a Live TXT tab-delimited data feed. I have created feeds for Shopzilla, Google Base, Yahoo Shopping and know how this works.


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Friday, 5 September 2014
Berlin: See & Do
13 comments
I did not go up the TV tower this time (did with my grandparents when I was a teenager), but we went up the dome of the Rathaus and had a pretty decent view from there. Well, as decent as the view can be on a cloudy day!ReplyDelete
I love Berlin it is my favorite city ever. I am glad you put the holocaust memorial first, that is a truly amazing memorial. The Jewish museum had a similarly memorable exhibit, and some very unique architecture. I would add Kreuzberg/Warschauer Strasse at night, it is a very interesting scene!ReplyDelete
I visited Berlin with school when I was about 14, we did a lot of the things on this list but I think I need to go back, even if it's just to try the German beer as this was something we obviously didn't get the chance to do! We went to the top of the Fernsehturm, and also walked around the Holocaust memorial. I really hope I can go visit again though.ReplyDelete
Emma x
Writing Essays With Wine
I really enjoyed Berlin when I went a few years back but I hope to go again some time.ReplyDelete
Berlin is still on my to do list. Having been to Cologne and Dusseldorf I am keen to try Germany's capital city.ReplyDelete
Ooh I'll have to make a note of that for if I ever return there!ReplyDelete
I never made it to the Jewish museum or Kreuzberg, I'll remember them for if I ever visit Berlin again :)ReplyDelete
It's a lovely city, I had real trouble narrowing it down to just 10 things!ReplyDelete
It's the only place I've been to in Germany so not sure how it compares, hoping to visit Cologne before the end of this year though for the Christmas markets :)ReplyDelete
It's such an interesting and cultural place to visit, I loved it!ReplyDelete
Although I don't live that far away (a few hours) and I have many friends, who have been from/or are living in Berlin, I have never been there. I want to go there next year though :) Looking forward to the parties there. Heard lots of crazy stuff about them.ReplyDelete
I wanted to try the clubs out too but everyone else didn't unfortunately! Hope you have a great time if you do go :)ReplyDelete
Definitely going to use all your recommendations, especially the burger place! And I'll try and rent a bike if it isn't too cold and snowy. :)ReplyDelete
Emma x
Writing Essays With Wine


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Tale of the Tape Boxing Podcast | Episode 99
The 2016 boxing season has arrived, and the guys from the Tale of the Tape Boxing Podcast are back with their preview of the year ahead. Kenny and Vince take a look at fights already scheduled for 2016 and lend their early opinions on the matches. Plus, the 2016 wish list is revealed as the guys discuss the biggest and best fights they would like to see made for this boxing season. A lot is riding on 2016, for everyone.
Audio Podcast
The audio version of the Tale of the Tape podcast is available on iTunes, Spreaker, Stitcher, Android, and more. Be sure to subscribe to the show today. Thanks for listening!
May 2016


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Wacky Worms News Network Review ~ Zanoh
June 18th, 2010, 3:46 pm
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Actually the lowest I gave was "Welcome to Sparky's House" which was 1/10. XD
posted by Zanoh on June 18th, 2010, 3:55 pm
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It's a placeholder for my actual sprites. Once I have it up and running, the silhouette shall be gone :)
posted by Zanoh on June 18th, 2010, 4:00 pm
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Indeed it is from Chrono Trigger. ^.^
posted by Zanoh on June 18th, 2010, 4:05 pm
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Oh, phooey...oh well. I will try to improve. To tell you the truth, I though it would score at least a bit higher on the originality scale. I haven't seen a single sprite comic around with a completely original cast. I know that my effects are off quite a bit, but I plan on remedying that. I really am not sure where to go. I have a plot that would be perfect, completely original and everything, but I'm only a mediocre spriter (less than mediocre, more like pathetic) so I haven't been able to make my own backgrounds and sprites. Perhaps I should just quit while I'm even partially ahead. Oh and wait...my studio! NOT THE STUDIO!
posted by grr8008 on June 18th, 2010, 4:30 pm
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First step to making a good comic, always be positive. Once you have positivity, then it gives creativity.
posted by Zanoh on June 18th, 2010, 4:44 pm
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"I haven't seen a single sprite comic around with a completely original cast."
posted by AkumaTh on June 18th, 2010, 4:56 pm
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Exclane~ Why did you put '[Chrono Trigger]'?
posted by sonic the hedgehog 4 fan41 on June 18th, 2010, 5:07 pm
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Anime and Videogame news I actually do like watching but only when it peaks my interest.
posted by Zanoh on June 18th, 2010, 9:33 pm
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I'm taking Fuse for my next review.
posted by Malakite on June 19th, 2010, 7:13 am
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Yesssss I was hoping you'd pick Fuse. You know how to get right down to business.
posted by Corny on June 20th, 2010, 11:09 am
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Any of you guys are free to review my comic 'The Garden', I need some constructive criticism!
posted by deepcheese on June 20th, 2010, 3:30 pm
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I don't know if it got missed because of the religious flamewar on that page, but can you review my comic, Malakite?
posted by robybang on June 24th, 2010, 10:52 pm
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@Roby:Yea sure i'll review it after Fuse
posted by Malakite on June 24th, 2010, 10:54 pm
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Okay! Here's the link!
posted by deepcheese on July 2nd, 2010, 9:42 am


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My dad's little black & white collie, Garry. Oh, and some woman I came across 28 years ago!
Been sitting looking at this for a few weeks not quite getting what I was after. And for some reason, this evening the idea of the light vignette to create a dodge effect around the frame and selective sharpening (to keep the already out-of-focus middle and back-ground as they were) came to mind.
I think it got me to where I wanted to be. What do you think?
40D, 70-200mm f/4L IS @ 75mm. ISO100. 1/60@f11


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At Clothes Cart Express, home pickups are free. You pay for the wash and fold service, not for pickup and delivery.
Our pricing plans are broken down by weekly laundry service, dry cleaning, and one-time laundry pickups. Normal laundry items are priced by pound while heavier items, like comforters, are a flat rate.
View details about our pricing, below.


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So much for heading outside today for a workout. Looks like the weather folks are calling for rain all of these week (at least here in NY). At first I was a little annoyed but I think I'd rather have it rain during the week vs having it rain this (Memorial Day) weekend.
Here's hoping to nice weather this weekend. I just checked the forecast and they're calling for more rain. NOT COOL.
Well...if it's so, the rain will not make me miss a workout this week. Unfortunately I won't be able to go for a run but there's plenty of options for getting my sweat on in my apartment.
Here's what I did yesterday. 3 x's through.
1. Half burpee and raise with half bosu (10-15)
2. Chest fly on stability ball (20)
3. One-leg one-arm row (15 ea.)
4. Leg raises (20)
5. Static lunges with bi curl (20)
6. oblique crunches - legs straight (20 ea.)
7. tri ext on stability ball (15)
8. squat thrusts (15)
Feel free to save for a rainy day. I understand you may not have this equipment at home but use your imagination. Use your coach, stepper, chair, etc.
Got questions? Email me


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On March 25, 2006 DELCIE "Sue" C. SPURRIER, beloved wife of John T. Spurrier; loving mother of John Thomas Gorsuch, III, Colleen Marie Bach (nee Gorsuch), Michelle Lynn De Walt (nee Bush), Peggy Leona Kamberger (nee Clark), Susan Rebecca Nemitz (nee Clark) Bernadette Spurrier Stone and the late Mary Diane Orem; cherished grandmother of twelve granddaughters, six grandsons and three great-grandsons; dear sister of Edward Joseph Snyder and also survived by many loving nieces, nephews, family members and friends. Relatives and friends may call the family owned AMBROSE FUNERAL HOME OF LANSDOWNE, 2719 Hammonds Ferry Rd, on Tuesday and Wednesday from 3 to 5 and 7 to 9 P.M. A Mass of Christian Burial will be celebrated Thursday at 10 A.M. at St. Clement I Catholic Church, 2700 Washington Avenue, Lansdowne. Interment to immediately follow in Loudon Park Cemetery. At the family's request donations may be directed to St. Agnes Home Care and Hospice, 3421 Benson Avenue, Suite G100, Baltimore, MD 21227. www.ambrosefuneralhomes.com
Copyright © 2019, The Baltimore Sun, a Baltimore Sun Media Group publication | Place an Ad


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Putting the Fun Back in Fundamentalism
Augenblick Studios recently teamed up with Comedy Central to create a Peanuts spoof for the 'Denis Leary's Merry F#%$in' Christmas' special. You can currently see this spot-on, Flash-animated spoof on Comedy Central's Motherload broadband network (didn't work in Firefox). Hats off to Aaron Augenblick and the Augenblick Studios team, who are currently hard at work on the second season of MTV2′s 'Wondershowzen.'
Related Posts
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We typically enforce a very strict 'no learning' rule here on ColdHardFlash, but today you might just filly your brain's hard drive with some new …June 28, 2011 by aaron
Six Point Fueled Gypsy Cab Animation
Back in 2009, Comedy Central announced that they were developing a new animated series "featuring "30 Rock" star Judah Friedlander as a wacked out gypsy …
May 28, 2010 by aaron
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The snow-capped peaks of South Park, Colorado have been witness to many horrors throughout the 14 seasons of the hit animated series. We've seen a …April 20, 2010 by aaron
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Artist's description:
This is an extra panel inspired by Once Upon a Recital … This one goes back to my cartooning days…
Based on a photo of a friend of mine who once upon a time sang and danced in this classical style. The humor is of the musician getting absorbed into the musical piece. Here the player and the instrument as one float on the sound waves.
The close up picture gives you a better sense of the brush stroke. #rd is a perspective photo with me holding up the painting.
Interested to have your idea painted in this style? Maybe a portrait, family portrait, a storyboard collage from a recent travel, event or performance? Contact me.
Please note that you can purchase in one order up to 6 paintings of this same size (small painting category) or smaller to be included in the same 1 shipping fee.
Packaging for my small paintings like this one is sealed in plastic sleeve, sealed in a padded hard plastic file case, and all this into an envelope.
Take a glimpse into this artist, and how step by step I build my paintings, and other details at the following link:
Building a Painting at the following link:
Recent publications I'm in:
Hidden Treasure Art eMagazine on FlipSnack I'm on p.16-17, 26
Hidden Treasure Art Magazine Yearbook 2015 on FlipSnack I'm on p.49
Materials used:
pen and ink on Faber-Castell acid free watercolour paper 90lb, 180gms
Untitled, (tembura) (1998)
Watercolour by Gordon Tardio
- Watercolour on Paper
- One of a kind artwork
- Size: 8 x 11 in (unframed)
- Signed on the front
- Style: Illustrative
- Subject: Abstract and non-figurative
This artwork is sold by Gordon Tardio from Malaysia


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Legal services go a la carte
By KATHARINE WEBSTER Associated Press
CONCORD, N.H. – When Mary Noyes' husband asked for a separation four years ago, she asked a lawyer in her family business to recommend a good divorce attorney.
At the first meeting, lawyer Elizabeth Scheffee told Noyes, who lives in Freeport, Maine, that she could handle the whole divorce or coach Noyes through mediation – required by Maine law – and provide help as needed. Noyes chose the second alternative.
The disintegration of Noyes' marriage left her heart "in a mud puddle," she said. Yet over the next six months, the couple managed to agree on custody of their two daughters, child support and division of their real estate, investments, cars and boats.
Scheffee told Noyes what to expect, outlined her choices, filled out the necessary forms and drafted the final agreement. But Noyes and her then-husband, who also was coached by an attorney behind the scenes, negotiated the terms themselves.
Noyes liked being in control instead of being swept through the process by experts. Yet she also needed objective, professional advice at a time of great vulnerability.
"The most valuable part is there is an active role, as opposed to just being told what to do and what my rights and responsibilities were. You can choreograph and build an agreement that hopefully is amenable to both parties," she said. Also, "It's always great just to pay for what you need."
A decade ago, that would have been impossible. But starting in 1999 with Colorado, states began adopting rules allowing lawyers to provide a menu of limited legal services to people who can't afford an attorney from soup to nuts. Maine, New Hampshire, California and Florida are among them, and most other states are considering such rules.
The change is driven partly by judges and bar associations trying to help the overwhelming number of people representing themselves in court, or appearing "pro se."
"It's a response to the pro se dilemma throughout the country: Let's try to get you some help when you need it, when you want it and in a manner that you can afford," said John Norton, a Keene attorney who worked on New Hampshire's new rules and corresponding ethics rules for lawyers.
About 70 percent of family law cases in Maine and New Hampshire involve at least one person without a lawyer, court officials and lawyers say. The National Center for State Courts says there are no national statistics, but some states and other jurisdictions report comparable numbers, especially in family law and probate cases.
Consumers also are able to get more legal information online, while lawyers are facing the fact that most potential clients can't afford a full-service divorce, said Jeanne Charn, a senior lecturer at Harvard Law School who advises the American Bar Association's Committee on the Delivery of Legal Services.
Starting in the mid-1990s, courts began responding. They put forms and rules in plain English and online; set up self-help centers at courthouses; and hired mediators, neutral evaluators or case managers to guide people. Lawyers adapted.
"One of the things lawyers began to offer was, 'We'll help you with your issues, we'll help you decide, we'll prepare you, we'll go to court with you if you want.' But they broke it down into discrete fees for each service," Charn said. "In some sense, it's a consumer-oriented movement."
Noyes said her divorce was "pretty ugly" when she was in the thick of it. But where court battles often add fresh wounds, Noyes believes Scheffee's coaching helped her get past the hurt and achieve an agreement she could live with.
As a result, communication with her ex-husband has improved and their daughters have benefited, she said.
"I have no doubt he wants the best for the children," she said. "If we didn't have any kids, the divorce probably would have been a no-brainer."
They also saved money. Scheffee, who pushed for "unbundled" legal services as president of the Maine Bar Association in 2001, said a full-service divorce costs $5,000 to $8,000. But coaching someone like Noyes costs about $1,000 – more if real estate or children are involved, less if the divorcing partners have already negotiated an agreement and just need someone to put it in a legal document.
"My retainer from soup to nuts is four times what it is for unbundling, and it usually needs to be replenished, whereas most of your unbundled clients get a refund," she said.
New Hampshire's rules took effect July 1 and apply to all civil cases. Even at the state Supreme Court, 25 percent to 30 percent of appeals are filed by nonlawyers, Associate Justice James Duggan said. Most are in landlord-tenant actions, small claims cases, petitions filed by prisoners and post-divorce disputes.
"A lot of them are handwritten. I mean, people do the best they can, but our concern is people may have a good issue and they don't raise it," Duggan said. "What we hope is those people who are representing themselves will go to a lawyer to help them with a significant piece of the litigation, and that will help the courts."
The new rules also protect lawyers, said Amherst attorney Honey Hastings. If a lawyer starts a full-service divorce and the client runs out of money, the lawyer has to get a judge's permission to withdraw if the client objects.
Now lawyers and clients can sign a contract specifying exactly what they will and won't do and how much it will cost. If the client stops paying, the lawyer can stop working.
"Before, if the client stopped paying you – and they might be into you for thousands of dollars – you might not be able to get out of the case," Hastings said. "It made lawyers say, 'I'm not going to take a case,' or 'I'm going to have to charge more money,' and I think that priced some people out."


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Fantasy picks: Jonathan Quick affordable option
Kings goalie cheapest Feb. 27 DFS target at position for statement game at Wildby Pete Jensen @NHLJensen / NHL.com Senior Fantasy Editor
Each day this season, NHL.com's fantasy staff will provide daily picks for DraftKings NHL contests. This article includes expensive and value plays and should be used as a basis for your roster decision-making.
TOP CENTER: Jeff Carter, LAK ($7,200)
Carter leads Monday centers with 4.2 DraftKings points per game by a wide margin, and has been a fantasy beast on the road with 30 points and 99 shots on goal in 33 games. Don't be afraid of rolling him out against the Minnesota Wild; he has five points (one goal, four assists) in two games against them this season.
VALUE CENTER: Brayden Point, TBL ($3,900)
Point ranks sixth among Tampa Bay Lightning skaters in points per 60 minutes (1.91; minimum 20 games), and sees significant power-play usage (2:30 per game) with respectable production in such situations (eight power-play points). He has two points, one block and two SOG in two games against the Ottawa Senators this season (3.3 DraftKings points per game).
Video: OTT@TBL: Point deflects one five-hole to trim deficit
TOP WING: Mark Stone, OTT ($5,700)
Stone returned for the Senators against the Florida Panthers on Sunday after missing two games because of a neck injury. He has had a strong season with 47 points in 57 games, and is a power-play fixture (14 PPP) alongside high-scoring defenseman Erik Karlsson. He has a high daily fantasy ceiling, as evidenced by his five-point game Feb. 18. He has three points and six SOG in two games against the Lightning.
VALUE WING: Alexander Radulov, MTL ($5,300)
Radulov is in a six-game point drought (tied for his longest of the season) but has a chance to bounce back at the New Jersey Devils. He has three assists, all coming on the power play, in two games against them this season. Like Stone, Radulov has big-game potential; the Russian right wing is tied with Max Pacioretty for the Montreal Canadiens lead with 12 multipoint games.
Video: MTL@NYR: Radulov roofs backhand shot for SO goal
TOP DEFENSEMAN: Jared Spurgeon, MIN ($5,000)
Spurgeon is one of 12 players with at least eight goals, 100 blocks (106) and 95 SOG (97). He has scored 17 of his 28 points at home, where the Wild play the Kings. He has one goal, six blocks and two SOG in two games against them this season, and is averaging 3.2 DraftKings points per game over his past 10 games. He has the peripheral coverage to return value even when held without a goal or assist.
VALUE DEFENSEMAN: Jeff Petry, MTL ($4,300)
Petry, who joins Spurgeon on the aforementioned list of players covering goals, blocks and SOG, ranks fifth among Monday defensemen in DraftKings points per game (3.1) behind Erik Karlsson, Victor Hedman, Shea Weber and Drew Doughty. That said, his price has plummeted in the past month because he has two points in 12 games since Jan. 26 and a 27-game goal drought. With the Canadiens having Andrei Markov back healthy, Petry's offensive role has diminished, but he's still averaging 21:48 per game in that 12-game span. He has combined for seven blocks and eight SOG in his past three games and is a bounce-back threat against the Devils.
Video: MTL@CBJ: Petry goes top shelf from sharp angle
GOALIE SPOTLIGHT: Jonathan Quick, LAK ($7,100)
Quick looked sharp in a win against the Anaheim Ducks on Saturday, his first game since the season opener Oct. 12 because of an injury, and is expected to start again at the Wild on Monday. The Kings traded for Ben Bishop on Sunday, an indication that they will look to utilize each goalie frequently down the stretch. Quick is the cheapest goalie on this three-game slate and was 16-11-2 with a .926 save percentage and three shutouts on the road last season. Even though it's projected to be a time-share tandem in Los Angeles the rest of the way, the pressure is on Quick and the Kings, who are currently three points out of the second wild card into the Stanley Cup Playoffs from the Western Conference.
Check out DraftKings.com to play 1-Day Fantasy Hockey today. Entering is quick and simple: sign up for a free account, enter the $3 1-Day Fantasy Hockey contest and set your lineup, catch the games and win!
DraftKings fantasy hockey contests are operated by DraftKings Inc. and are in no way sponsored or administered by the NHL and/or any of its affiliated entities. Prohibited and/or not available in AL, AZ, DE, GA, HI, IA, ID, LA, MT, NV and WA. Offered in IL and TX pending litigation. See terms for additional eligibility rules.


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They don't come any weirder than this early Burt Reynolds vehicle… but they also don't come any more awesome. This spaghetti arrives courtesy of Sergio Corbucci, he of Django and The Great Silence fame. And while Navajo Joe doesn't touch those two absolute masterpieces, it's still a great bit of fun in its own right.
Reynolds himself has been rather disparaging of the film in later interviews, but although a tad on the cheesy side, his performance is rather phenomenal; an excellent showcase of his talents as a young leading man. As the lead Navajo Indian who is looking to settle the score with a group of bandits that murdered his tribe, Reynolds is electrifying. I mean, he's about as much a Navajo as I am a millionaire, but in terms of action leads, this is easily one of his best. Reynolds shoots, stabs, leaps and outraces on horseback like a man possessed, yet still has enough of that old Burt charm to keep the film lively and fun. The rest of the cast is about par for the course for a lesser spaghetti of the time, although Aldo Sambrell really gets to shine as the heavy, a half-breed train-robber who's every bit as empathetic as he is vicious.
The craft on display is ably provided by Corbucci (and featuring script-work by future poliziotteschi legend Fernando di Leo), whose style continued to fly in the face of his better-known contemporary Leone: messy zooms and quick-cuts and a preference for mud and grime over pastoral desert landscapes. But the real winning element of the movie - the singular thing that elevates it from disposable fun to all-out badassery - is the score by Ennio Morricone. Wild howls and pounding drums and a surging electric guitar enhance Corbucci's images, making this silly little low-budget affair into something epic and unforgettable. It's one of Morricone's best, and that's saying something.


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The City desires you to have a safe place to live and revel in peace of thoughts about your home. Many of them offer grants for making repairs to your home, specifically tied to changing or upgrading home equipment which are not energy-environment friendly and eliminating older windows that do a poor job defending your private home from exterior temperatures. All the data contained herein above is for awareness and customer convenience and is meant to only act as an indicative guide about HDFC's services and products. In different words, you may have rather more luck finding cash to repair your roof, exchange your furnace or enhance your ventilation than discovering funding for a new oven or fridge. Amazon Home Services provides you one central location to find the repair suppliers you need to get the job performed. Click HERE for full Eligibility Criteria and examples of repair providers provided.
The Minor Critical Emergency Home Repair Program is a collaborative effort by The Housing and Community Development Department and Rebuilding Together Houston which assists aged or disabled households with incomes under 120% of the Area Median Income (AMI). We accomplice with different businesses which have an curiosity in offering these providers additionally, in addition to with city and county packages, neighborhood associations, spiritual and civic organizations, well being care suppliers and the group at massive. The customer shall pay the premium quantities on to the insurance coverage supplier, promptly and often in order to keep the coverage / policies alive always in the course of the pendency of the loan. For extra data on the Emergency Home Repair program, please contact the Austin Area Urban League at (512) 478-7176.
In addition, the city additionally offers owners of single-household rental property no-curiosity, deferred cost loans to make health- and safety-related enhancements. The authorities funds they obtain come from the county's Aging and Adult Services agency and the Housing and Community Services department. Lisa realized about Repair Corps by means of her uncle Roland Losey, a Purple Heart Vietnam veteran who himself discovered about this system through the Department of Veterans Affairs. And there are new dwelling repair help packages which may be the answer to your drawback. For detailed information about HDFC's services and products kindly go to the closest HDFC branch.
Inside your property, we have got nice companies to care for each important system in your home, from Furnace Inspection and Air Duct Cleaning to Light Switch Replacement, Chandelier Installation, and even Furniture Assembly. On restore you will get substitute parts in addition to hundreds of free movies that present you tips on how to be the repair-it particular person. If you may ANSWER YES to all of these questions, you could begin the method by downloading the Application Package for Home Repair. If you cannot reply YES to all of those questions, you will not quality for house restore.
When you add new items to your house's furnishings, look no further than Amazon Home Services to have them assembled. For more information concerning the Minor Critical Emergency Home Repair Program, contact the Housing and Community Development Department Call Center at: 832.394.6200. NLHC supplies funding to eligible householders within the type of forgivable and repayable loans. Home Repair Services is a 501(c)(three) non-profit group and your contribution is tax-deductible.


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Social Media Marketing Explained
The team at OxDesign creates interesting stories, content and release schedules to post on your Blogs and Social Media sites. This increases awareness AND helps boost your SEO with Google and other top search engines. We bring it all together to pull new customers in to help build your business.
So, How Does it Work?
The graphic below explains how we:
1. Create Quality Content: Stories and images that generate interest, attract new customers and boost SEO.
2. Create a Schedule of Release and Social Outlets: Carefully plan timing and where stories are released.
3. Reach and Increase Audience: Reach current and prospective cutomers with interesting content and offers.
4. Gauge Response: Review user interaction with campaign and adjust if needed.
Place a priority on Social Media Marketing for your company and let us know what you'd like to accomplish. Call me at 336.339.5327 or email: email@example.com
Marketing Resolutions for 2016
1) Consider a Website revamp.
Although you may have already put in a great deal of time, effort, and resources to creating a Website, it may time to give it a facelift. It may have been a while since the last time you made sufficient changes to your homepage to account for marketing new products or services, or even rebranding your company.
Whatever the reason for your update, we can fulfill this resolution using our vast resources.
2) Focus on mobile.
2016 is going to be all about mobile. Smartphones and tablets are increasing in popularity by the day -- and we don't just mean in terms of sales. Consumers are using mobile devices more and more to conduct transactions, research brands, visit their favorite sites, and read and reply to emails.
So, if you're still under the impression that it's absolutely fine not to worry about optimizing your email campaigns and websites for mobile, it's time to modernize and make some headway in improving your mobile presence.
3) Make your website responsive.
While we're on the topic of mobile, this is as good a time as any to talk about responsive design. Making the look and functionality of your site the same on both desktops and mobile devices can go a long way in bringing in new visitors and leads and bettering your bottom line.
Given how relatively new the concept of responsive design is, we totally get it if you're not up to speed on exactly how to get your site fixed up properly. Give us a call to discuss your options.
3) Revitalize your content strategy.
Google's switch to sites that have quality content is in full swing and will continue to have a big impact on SEO.
Because of this, it may be smart to evaluate a variety of types of content that could work for your campaigns. You can determine what's best for your efforts in several ways -- chiefly, going over your analytics from the past several months and engaging in continual A/B testing. We can create interesting, useful stories along with a plan of release that will garner lots of interest from your target market.
4) Adjust your social and email strategies as needed.
Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram are the undisputed kings of social.
While new, flashy social sites are bound to pop up over the course of the New Year, you'll first want to ensure you master these aforementioned platforms that have proven to bring substantial ROI for marketers worldwide before putting all of your eggs in a new-and-unproven social media basket.
In other words, we advise you resolve to fine-tune your prospecting on these sites before diverting efforts to the "next big thing."
Similarly, it may be wise to make one of your first priorities in 2016 to comb over your email marketing metrics to see what may need to be adapted or revised.
Call us to discuss your options.
Make 2016 a year of momentum with marketing ideas and
programs by OxDesign.
Design, Web and Social Media Marketing: When to "Do it Yourself" or "Hire a Pro."
For today's small business owner, allocating your resources is an valuable skill. Some tasks and projects you can handle in-house, while others require the assistance of an outside professional. When it comes to graphic, web design and social media, it can be easy to say, "I can do that myself." And while a do-it-yourself approach may cut costs in the short term, it may not always be the most effective long-term solution for your business. But how do you know when it's time to say, "I need this done for me?"
Your Time is Valuable, So Use it Wisely: As a small-business owner, your time is your greatest resource. How you use it may make the difference between success and failure. So when approaching a new task or project, one of the first questions you'll need to ask yourself is, "How much time am I willing to commit to this?" The answer will help you decide whether to "Do it Yourself" or "Hire a Pro."
For example, if designing and building a website for your business is something you feel skilled enough to do, but doing so would take time away from other essential tasks such as sales, new product launches, and customer service, it may be time to bring in a pro. Similarly, if you've sketched out some ideas for a new brand logo but don't have the time needed to bring them to life—or id you just want a fresh perspective on the project—it might be best to contact a designer with both the experience and time to devote to the task. Yes, hiring a pro will cost money, but the time you save has value too, and your time might best be spent on other aspects of your business.
Experience Matters: Nobody likes to admit being out of their depth, least of all entrepreneurs. We like to believe that given the time we can accomplish anything. And to an extent that's true. But it is also true that there is no substitute for experience. When you bring in an outside designer, you also bring in that person's experience and the experience of their team. So if completing the task or project at hand means a steep learning curve, the cost-efficient answer may be to hire a pro. Chances are that an outside designer has worked on projects like yours before, which means he or she can anticipate some of the pitfalls that might catch you by surprise. They will also be well-versed in the tools and techniques the job requires. For example, the time to realize you need to make some costly software purchases is not when you're halfway through a job. Unanticipated expenses can swallow up any savings that a DIY approach may have yielded.
Always Look Professional: In today's competitive business environment, it's essential to project an image of confidence, competence, skill, and professionalism. If you see graphic or web design that looks like a home brew, it probably is, and in most cases that's a big caution to consumers. Even if your brand isn't the largest in your field, chances are you want it to be—and that means having a visual presence that's on par with the best in the business. When potential customers see your logo or visit your site for the first time, you want them to have complete confidence in your brand. So unless you have the design experience, skill, tools, and time to create that a completely professional web presence, it's time to bring in a pro.
Be Consistent: If there's one cardinal rule in branding it is to remain consistent. As the public face of your business, your brand must be recognizable, unique, and consistent in whatever forum or format it appears—whether it's on a billboard, on a laptop, or on the small screen of a smartphone. An outside designer can provide that sort of consistent brand presence. Experienced designers understand the value in maintaining a brand's image and have the time to devote to details—like ensuring your brands color scheme is reflected everywhere it appears and that the tone and persona of your brand speak to the strengths of your business. Working with a pro can take some major stress off your shoulders when trying to maintain your brand's consistency on a range of platforms.
Handling Social Media and SEO: These days, staying competitive means staying connected with customers in ways that are unique to the online environment. Having content that ranks highly in search engines and a strong presence in social media can be invaluable to reaching and maintaining customers. Before you take this on yourself, determine whether you have the time and marketing expertise to do it. If not, you may want to bring in a pro, at least to optimize your web copy, maintain your social media presence, and to drive traffic to your site.
For more information, call Matt Biagiotti at 336.339.5327 or email email@example.com.
September 28th, 2015
As you may know, Google unveiled a new logo on September 1st. It's all very crisp and clean and easy to scale up or down. The new style maintains its essential Google-ness: The color scheme, the white background. What's different? The big changes are that the text is now flat and sans serif, written in a schoolbook-inspired typeface, Product Sans. Gone is the blue, standalone "G," and in its place is a new "G" with all four of the Google colors.
This change comes as, industry-wide, tech's focus shifts from desktop to mobile and beyond; what works just fine on a big computer screen doesn't necessarily pop on a phone or tablet. That little "G" matters more than it ever did; it is the conduit through which anyone accessing Google on anything but a desktop will get to the site.
The overall effect is one of approachability and friendliness.
What do the design experts at OxDesign think of Google's new look?
It's a simple shift that keeps the brand intact. It's not unlike the branding upgrades that we do for our clients. In today's mobile friendly age, simplicity is the most effective way to brand a company.
Need an identity for your company of an overhaul of your existing look? Give us a call at 336.339.5327 or email the owner at firstname.lastname@example.com
Brand Love
A strong brand can mean the difference between winning a sale or losing it, commanding a premium price or selling at a discount. While this has been proven time and again through research, many executives (maybe you?) still question the value of branding, especially at budget time.
Building brand equity takes a long-term commitment and consistent investments in intangibles like relationships and awareness. Because influence, affinity and advocacy can seem ethereal, it's easier to allocate scarce financial resources to new equipment, facilities, hiring or technology.
Brand love is not something you can touch, hold or easily measure, but it does pay dividends just the same. Brand influence can differentiate your business from a host of competitors. The more passionate customers are about your brand, the greater the value gap between your business and others.
When one thinks of a brand, it's commonly the LOGO. While this is a key element, there's so much more to an established brand. It's your colors, photos you use and the message you send out. Every word on a Web site, every social media post, and every document that goes out is part of your brand. With brand solidification and set standards, you can be sure your brand is ready to be loved.
Want to create some brand love? Call me direct at 336.339.5327. I can create a brand from scratch, like I've done for hundreds of local and national companies, or re-purpose your brand.
Matt Biagiotti
March 2017


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Location: DENVER
Date: February 12, 2018
NEW Seminar Presented By
Angela Cameron
Outstanding Early Childhood Teacher and National Presenter
This outstanding, NEW seminar is packed with dozens of practical, ready-to-use strategies proven to increase the school success of your pre-k and kindergarten ELL students. The emphasis is on strategies and activities that really work, based on real ELL students in real classrooms. Angela Cameron, an experienced pre-k/kindergarten teacher who has years of experience working with ELL students, has organized and created a day filled with practical, hands-on activities, mini-lessons, center ideas, and literature links to increase the learning of your young ESL students. She will provide you with small and whole group activities to help students increase their reading, writing and language skills using research-based strategies designed specifically for ELL students.
You will leave with dozens of ideas to help all your preschool and kindergarten students become engaged in speaking, listening, reading, writing, and math – no matter where they are in their readiness and language acquisition skill level. Join Angela for a fast-paced day filled with strategies to help your pre-k and kindergarten students.
Dear Colleague:
As an experienced preschool and kindergarten teacher of ELL, I know firsthand the challenges we face in teaching our students to be successful and confident in the classroom – both socially and academically. Helping our ELL students grow and gain confidence as they learn English can be very rewarding if you are equipped with tools and strategies that are both fun and effective. This seminar is designed to give you a wealth of highly effective strategies for accelerating language skills, promoting self-esteem and creating a community of active, engaged learners.
I am excited to share dozens of developmentally appropriate strategies, ideas, mini-lessons, and activities you can immediately use with your three-, four- and five-year-old ELL students. You will find that all the strategies meet the varying readiness levels and learning abilities in your classroom. Not only are these lessons classroom proven and research based, but most importantly, they are fun for students and teachers. They teach your standards in the playful ways that our students learn best. This day will be packed with easy-to-implement and ready-to-go ideas that my students love and yours will too!
Please join me for a fast-paced, energetic, worthwhile seminar designed specifically for YOU – pre-k and kindergarten teachers of ELL students. You will walk away with a multitude of ideas you can use immediately! Whether you are a veteran teacher or new to teaching, EVERYONE will find new ways to reach and teach your ELL students. I look forward to meeting you at the seminar and sharing our passion for teaching young children!
Angela Cameron
P.S. If you want easy and practical ELL strategies you can use the next day with your pre-k and kindergarten students, this seminar is for you.
Pre-K and Kindergarten Teachers, Head Start Teachers, Instructional Assistants, Special Education Teachers and Staff, and Administrators.
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What is going on guys. I think this is the time that we must be ready to be prepared for the coming Storm. Before a tornado strikes it is incredibly calm before it hits you. Many of us are unaware in the coming disaster.
If you can't pkay the video, you can watch it from here.
S&P 500 is now in massive bullrun, the longest bullrun since then. We still do not know the exact date but we only know it is inevitable and everyone of us cannot escape from it. What we need to do is be prepared and get the most information as much as we can before it hit us. Knowledge is power and many people died of the flood because most are unaware or not prepared.
Market watchers love to toss around the word "bubble". This is a curious creature since they are easy to spot in hindsight but difficult when we are in them. The definition of the term is rather simple yet the applicatoin of it is an individually slanted. There never is consensus of a bubble until after the fact.
Often, money flow pushes one particular asset class up. In the late 1990s, it was the equities markets, specifically the tech/internet related stocks. A little less than a decade later, it was real estate that was bubbling. Each of these ended with the proverbial crash.
This is the danger of boom/bust cycles, you cannot have one without the other.
So where does this put us today?
Over the last decade, central banks around the world got very aggressive with their easing. Tens of trillions of dollars was issued in all different kinds of currencies around the world. Whatever form the easing took, this meant that a ton of liquidity entered the markets.
You can visit the whole blog in this link.
Thank you watching guys if love what you saw in this article please kindly follow me in youtube and Steemit when you got paid just for liking your content.
If you want to get my support or upvotes please watch the video and comment the summary of your reflections in the topic using video uploaded in @dlive or @dtube.
Check the post here
Also, I really do love Ramen!🍲😁
Please upvote, resteem and follow me. Thank you.
My video is at DLive


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The museum has a video-audio hall and three exhibition halls. Films in the video-audio hall can help visitors learn about the goodness of art of the Dunhuang Caves, with the comment on the development of the process of the art.
Three of the exhibition halls have all kinds of literal interpretation for art works, which can deepen the tourists' knowledge about the long history of the caves and the evolution of Buddhist art.
In fact, the Mogao Caves China travels take the leading position of the center of a grand art museum including nearby Yulin Caves of Anxi, Mount Wensu Rocky Caves, Changma Rocky Caves, East Thousand-Buddha Caves and West Thousand-Buddha Caves.
All these precious cave arts were create in different period and characteristic of those artworks, displaying a complete look of cave art in Dunhuang.
Exploration of new caves, were quite successful in recent years, approximately two kilo miles from the West Thousand-Buddha Caves; Discovery of the Rocky caves in the cracked cliff of the former Dang River valley. The exploration tunnel has advanced 200 meters with 6 caves finished.
The first cave has completed the surface processing work to restore the silk picture of Tang Dynasty "Preaching Under The Book", which was stolen by two visitors of the West. No doubt that these newly explored caves will bring surprise and pleasure to anxious tourists to Dunhuang Holidays in China.
The Mogao caves lies in a place called Mingsha hill full of yellow rice-shaped sand, with cliff top on the east and the mouth of Dang River on the west. They stand several meters high and like the blade of a knife. North to the Mingsha hill, there is a quiet spring measuring 118 meters long and 54 meters wide. As it looks like the thin shape moon, it gets the name Thin Shape Moon Spring.
Sand hills surround the spring tightly but the spring has not ever been buried by moving sand. The water in the spring is clear and you can see clear through the bottom. For many year the spring keeps its beauty as when it rains, not over floating and when it drought still keep is floats. This has been a wonder of the nature, which harmonize well with the sand hills and the spring.
More at ChinaTour.com like Shanghai tour packages
Welcome to FC2!
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May 23rd: Open School's Spring Concert
Families are invited to Open's Spring Concert on Wednesday, May 23rd at 9:00 a.m. and 11:00 a.m. This special performance will specifically showcase our orchestra, band, and choir only. No clusters will be performing.
We would like to encourage parents to attend the 9:00 a.m. performance so that we can have more of our students watch the second performance. We hope you can come and hear the beautiful music our students can now create after all those hours of practice!
* Please remind performers to bring their instruments to practice and to the performance.
Expiration Date:
May 23


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And now they'll take a slight detour to their new church in Petrie St — directly across the road from the old one.
Greek Orthodox Community of Frankston and Peninsula president Tim Gemetzis said the new $1.5 million church was in a traditional Byzantine style with high ceilings.
"It has been a long time coming," he said.
"We have a dynamic priest and the community is growing.
"The community have been talking about it for a long time — whether it (the old church) could be upgraded. It was more cost effective to build a new one."
Reverend Doukas Georgalas said the Greek community was rapt with the new church.
"Everybody is really happy. It's a lovely church," he said.
"As soon as you get in, you feel you are in a church. We are looking forward to the big opening."
Rev Georgalas described the church as the "cherry on the cake".
Church officials thanked Frankston Council for its support in getting the new church off the ground.
The old church will be converted to a community centre.
The Greek Orthodox Parish and Community of Theofania will hold a service at the old church tomorrow (November 9) at 8am followed by a blessing of the new church at 11.30am.


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- Home
Atlas Trekking
Desert Tours from Marrakech
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- skiing
- Enduro / freeride atlas morocco mtb
- Morocco coastline biking in morocco
- 4 day Biking - Atlas kik plateau imlil
- Atlas Mountains 8 day biking trip
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Day Tours
- Marrakech Imlil Atlas Mountain day trip
- Kik Plateau 1 day tour from Marrakech
- Ait Benhaddou & Telouet 1 Day Trip From Marrakech
- One Day Tour Ourika Valley Morocco, ourika valley from Marrakech
- Ouzoud waterfalls day tour from marrakech.Morocco
- Essaouira Morocco One-Day Tour - Seaside Mogador Excursion From Marrakech
- Agafay desert day tour from Marrakech
- Contact
Explore the kik plateau, the valleys of Asni and Ourika, day tour from Marrakech
- Explore the kik plateau, the valleys of Asni and Ourika with a professional driver guide.
- Admire the snowy peaks of the highest mountains of Atlas.
- Cross the many traditional Berber villages of adobe and stone.
- Enjoy the waterfalls of Ourika.
- Visit aromatic organic gardens.
Away from the bustle of the city and discover the beautiful landscapes of the 3 valleys and the berber lifestyle.
On this day in the Moroccan Atlas from Marrakech, you will discover the plateau of Kik located approximately 1800 meters.
You continue your tour to the valley of Asni, where we will take a mountain road next to the traditional Berber villages built of adobe, and if you want to discover the lifestyle of people in the region we well visit a typical Berber house and drink tea with a family.
Then your driver will take you to the famous valley of Ourika, this is where we will visit an aromatic organic garden containing medicinal plants used by the Berbers, visit the waterfalls of Setti Fatma Valley and if you are interested, lunch in a restaurant next to the river, after we take road to Marrakech.
3 valleys privately from Marrakech, in 4x4 or minibus.
Duration: 9 hours.
Availability: every day at 9 am.
Pick-up from your Hotels or Riad at 9 am.
Direct payment to the driver in any curren
What's Included?
- Transport in well comfortable vehicle.
- Driver speaks your language
What's Not Included?
- Lunch
- Gratuities
- Optional activities
- Personal expenses


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