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In private equity, as is indeed true in virtually all other areas of human endeavour, if you want to optimise cooperation between individual entities you have to create a maximal alignment between the intended participants' interests.
Opening corridors from north to south
Roads, railways and power capacity are
One way the public sector can make a difference is to fund necessary engineering and environmental impact studies, as well as procurement and financing plans. Once these are completed, the private sector can be invited to participate, often in a public/private partnership arrangement. It is an approach taken by the donor-funded and London-based InfraCo.?
InfraCo's latest agreement, with Kenya Railways Corporation, envisages development of a commuter railway linking Nairobi to various suburbs and the international airport. With an investment of $5m, the company hopes to prepare a project costing in the region of $200m. "We will strive to get a bankable project in 18 months, bring in private-sector operators and exit at month 24," InfraCo partner Gad Cohen told The Africa Report. The company has already been involved in dozens of projects across Africa, including water provision in Kampala, Uganda, and a wind-power scheme in Cape Verde.?
The best-managed public companies will certainly be the first in line to win strong donor support. Thus South Africa's Transnet managed to raise R4bn ($468.7m) in late March from the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), a state-owned financial institution, for the widening and deepening of the entrance to Durban harbour, complementing the North-South Corridor project.?
Mitigating the risks
?More public-sector involvement in the development of infrastructure projects has won the support of the Infrastructure Consortium for Africa (ICA), a donor-coordination group. "In the context of the crisis, there will be greater demand for risk mitigation instruments," the ICA has declared, welcoming an Italian-inspired scheme that is intended to increase the flow and quality of projects "to match the level of risk acceptance by the private sector".
?The ICA has also welcomed the AU's new Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa, a continent-wide policy framework. The AU commissioner for infrastructure, Elham Mahmoud Ibrahim, wants this to become a strategic framework to prepare a priority action plan.
Finding value in land and crops
Private equity firms which used to stay away from anything to do with agriculture, are flocking to buy land and add value to agricultural output.
Green and Gold Standards
|Carbon in Numbers
|$330.8m size of voluntary
carbon credit market
|$63.7bn size of regulatory
|2% Africa's share of the
global carbon market
Accusations of illegitimacy are one of the biggest challenges to Africa's voluntary carbon market. Nhambita, a project in Mozambique run by Envirotrade, a British company owned by socialite Robin Birley, came under scrutiny this year for selling offsets before they were verified. But John Grace, professor of environmental biology at the University of Edinburgh and the project's scientific advisor, explained that getting money up-front – selling emissions before they have gone through lengthy certification processes – is the only way to get projects started. In fact, Nhambita is certified by Plan Vivo – the oldest carbon-offset scheme – and verification is scheduled from another scheme, SmartWood.?
Part of the problem is the variety of voluntary standards, each with a different structure, methodology and focus. They include the Voluntary Carbon Standard, the Climate, Community and Biodversity Standard, and the Gold Standard, which, as its name suggests, is considered the industry's best. ?
Stepping up confidence could help smaller projects access carbon markets. A new initiative in Kenya plans to sell carbon microcredits, whereby people are rewarded for using a Gold Standard-certified stove through a weekly payment sent to their mobile phones.
Back to Carbon Credits, Voluntary solutions for climate change
Carbon Credits: Voluntary solutions for climate change
There is growing momentum to involve Africa in the carbon-credit trade, now worth some $64bn a year, but strict regulations may keep it away from certified global markets
Anew project to protect some 425,000 hectares of rainforest in Madagascar's Andasibe-Mantadia corridor might seem a win-win proposition for the local population – which can benefit by selling non-timber products like fruits, vegetables and fibres – as well as for the rare lemurs that live there. But many African projects like this one have been left out of the lucrative regulated market in carbon credits that has been growing rapidly worldwide.?
Africa is now taking the matter into its own hands and developing the conditions for more carbon-credit trade and for more direct benefits on the ground. Last December saw the launch of the Africa Climate Solution, an initiative led by the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), which is also lobbying for the inclusion of projects such as 'avoided deforestation', the 're-vegetation' of degraded land, as well as agro-forestry and sustainable agriculture schemes that can operate within regulated global carbon markets. "If they are included, we can take the pressure off our existing forests and use the carbon market to help lift poor farmers out of poverty," said Sindiso Ngwenya, COMESA's general secretary.?
Green and gold standards
There is a wide variety of
Africa still only makes up only 2% of the world carbon-credit market, whether of the regulatory kind – through the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), whereby industrialised countries can offset their own emissions by investing in low-carbon projects in developing countries – or in the sprawling voluntary market, which is certified mainly by independent alliances or NGOs. ?
The CDM market for certified emission reductions (CERs) has complex and rigid regulation mechanisms. Only projects from a number of pre-selected (mostly heavy, polluting and large-scale) industries qualify. Those industries get carbon credits through adopting new, more environmentally-friendly technology.
?In Africa, 46% of the current carbon projects are forestry-based, but forestry has so far been largely excluded from the regulatory market. Only one out of the 1,383 registered CDM projects worldwide is forestry-related, and it is in China.?
Take-off will be delayed?
Because CDM registration can take several years, there are long time-lags between initial investment and the first revenue from a project. Green Resources, a Norwegian forestry company that has been planting trees in East Africa since 1997, has yet to sell emission reductions, which is a "terrible frustration", according to its managing director Mads Asprem. The company's first project in Tanzania fell foul of CDM criteria because it began before the CDM starting point in 2000. Other, more recent, projects in Tanzania and Uganda have been in the pipeline for months and are still not registered.?
The chairman of the Uganda Carbon Bureau, Bill Farmer, who advises entrepreneurs interested in venturing into the carbon market, warns of the difficulties for companies with little financial clout operating in African economies that lack the infrastructure and business environment to facilitate project development. ?
The alternative for the smaller projects is the voluntary market. Although the lack of regulation and liability to scams have given the market a bad name, a number of new voluntary standards have emerged, and some of these are backed by methodologies just as rigorous as the CDM process.?
The result is a new-found legitimacy. The voluntary market is "more adapted to our project types and sizes", says Farmer. "It's also, in many cases, a learning experience before coming head-on with the CDM."?
The price of voluntary credits, unlike the market-driven CERs, can vary hugely depending on the size of the project and the type of verification. Forestry and renewable offsets tend to be the dearest on the market, with Africa proving the most expensive at $13.70 per credit, compared to $5.80 in Asia.?
Still, while the price of CERs has gone down, the price of Voluntary Emission Reductions (VERs) has gone up. "The price difference between CERs and VERs is much smaller – €10 for CER, €7-8 for VER – and for the extra inconvenience the CDM involves, project developers may well be more inclined to opt for VER," said Edward Hanrahan, head of voluntary sales at J.P. Morgan, which last year acquired Climate Care, one of the UK's biggest sellers of carbon offsets.?
Baby steps?
The Uganda Carbon Bureau's Bill Farmer points out that conventional financial institutions are not flexible enough for a market that is still in its infancy, which is why he has been trying to create a local carbon market of companies keen to become carbon neutral, a market that is less risk-averse and more tolerant of relaxed standards.?
Information provider Ecosystem Marketplace produces an annual "State of the Carbon Markets" report. Its managing director, Katherine Hamilton, says new standards have raised the bar and many projects that would have started trading credits during the CDM-registration phase are now waiting for the standard's approval.?
Such was the experience of Norway's Green Resources. The company estimates it has produced 500,000 tonnes of CO2-equivalent carbon credits since it began operating – half of which has been independently verified by the Swiss company SGS – but refuses to sell them until they are certified to the highest standards available. "If we sold them now, they wouldn't have the same value," says Green Resources' Asprem.?
Despite these different approaches, experts agree that Africa has huge potential in trading carbon credits, particularly if 'avoided deforestation' and land-use projects are included in climate-change-mitigation efforts. Asprem says that such projects would also help the most destitute in Africa: "If you plant trees where there is no economic activity, with no other employment, it makes a huge difference, socially and economically."
?The World Bank is investing actively in Africa's fledgling carbon market: 22% of its carbon projects are in Africa, and the continent accounts for a third of projects from its BioCarbon Fund, a $91m facility dedicated to 'carbon sequestration' initiatives through forests and agro-ecosystems. It has also helped fund Madgascar's Andasibe-Mantadia project, which is now well under way.
The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, which runs the CDM and is organising a major conference in Copenhagen in December 2009 that will draw a post-Kyoto road-map, accepts that Africa has mostly missed out on the regulatory market. But this is slowly beginning to change. While there are currently only 29 registered projects in Africa, mainly in Northern and Southern Africa, 94 more are in the pipeline.
Power: Miracle gas to generate hope
By processing methane from the ultra-deep waters of Lake Kivu, Rwanda ?may have found a revolutionary source of power for the future
In its race for economic progress, as it puts behind it the bitter memories of the 1994 genocide, Rwanda is building glitzy new offices in Kigali as international donors fund road projects across the country. But progress requires energy and energy requires a source. A novel answer to Rwanda's energy needs has been found in the deep blue waters of Lake Kivu.
?Straddling an active volcanic fault system, Lake Kivu has a methane gas content of around 55bn cubic metres with an annual regeneration capacity of 100 MW, which is almost double Rwanda's electrical peak load.?
Muhire Hodari, chief operating officer of the government's Kibuye Power 1 (KP-1) pilot gas platform, is a humble young man with a big job. In a quiet voice he explains what might well be a key to his country's development aspirations: "As a first in the world, we have now generated an initial 1.5 MW of electricity from methane gas exploitation. Our extraction technology works and we can now focus on increasing output." The KP-1 project, managed by the infrastructure ministry, has become a showcase for the transformation of the 'Land of a Thousand Hills' and the wider region.
Hopes rise for renewed
Shared resources could spark better
Rwanda's future demand for power will grow and outstrip the current electricity peak load of 55 MW. Erik Fernstrom, energy specialist at the World Bank's country office in Kigali, says: "There is a lot of suppressed and unserved demand. A realistic target is a peak load of at least 130 MW by 2015."?
A new heavy-fuel-oil plant in Jabana will generate 20 MW to alleviate immediate shortages, while small hydro-electric power plants are also going up. Rukarara dam, built by Sri Lanka-based Ecopower, should start producing 9.5 MW next year, but the 27.5 MW Nyabarongo project, being built by India's Bharat Heavy Electricals and Angelique International, will only be ready in 2012. A further planned dam at Rusumo could generate between 60-80 MW, to be split between Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania.?
Fuel for the fire?
Experts see the methane as critical to serve Rwanda's future energy needs, and the pilot project shows that Lake Kivu can both produce power and bring in the investors. Energy minister Albert Butare confirms that at least two firms have shown interest in harnessing it. ?
The Rwanda Energy Company (REC), a subsidiary of local holding company Rwanda Investment Group, is one of them. "We have set up a [separate] test plant on Lake Kivu to refine our extraction technology to not only produce electricity from the gas but to simultaneously produce fertilisers, diesel, kerosene and naphtha," explained Ivan Twagirashema, REC's chief operating officer.?
US-based Contour Global is also in contract negotiations with the government for the installation of four gas platforms that should eventually generate 100 MW. On the cards are a gas concession and a long-term power-purchasing agreement with Contour, whose CEO Joseph Brandt told The Africa Report of his firm's plans to invest $75m to install capacity for 25 MW in the first two years, followed by 75 MW thereafter.?
Technical innovations?
Extracting methane from the lake poses tricky technical challenges but, with the help of Houston-based Antares, Contour has spent 18 months developing the design of the gas-gathering system. "We will have to extract the gas with sufficient pressure to separate the gas from the water," said Brandt. "But we are both optimistic and humble… We are doing something novel."?
Analysts say the gas reserves will do much to advance sustainable development in Rwanda and may also bring regional benefits. "The gas allows for the development of local industry, as the emergence of endeavours to bottle gas will lower the cost of fuel to the benefit of householders and small businesses," says Estelle Levin, sustainability consultant at London-based Resource Consulting Services. ?
The government hopes the power generation will also help Rwanda to add value to primary exports. "The new energy source promises benefits to tea and coffee manufacturers and may open up major opportunities for value-addition in Rwanda's mining sector, where the need for energy is great," said environment and mines minister Vincent Karega. ?
The private sector is equally excited about the project. "The news that the pilot plant on Lake Kivu is successfully producing electricity is enormous," says Bruce Stride, operations director at Kivu Resources, a company planning to build a tin smelter in Gisenyi and to use both the gas and the electricity generated from the gas to produce in excess of 2,500 tonnes per year of refined tin. Rwanda is developing its own tin mining sector, which produced 1,140 tonnes of tin ore in 2007, while tin output from neighbouring North Kivu Province of Democratic Republic of Congo has been estimated at 2,000 tonnes of ore per month. ?
A high concentration of dissolved gases in lakes constitutes a risk, as was demonstrated by the deadly carbon dioxide (CO2) outburst at Lake Nyos in Cameroon in 1986, which killed 1,800 people. Lake Kivu not only contains methane, but 250bn cubic metres of CO2. The KP-1 project's Hodari says: "We have also found significant amounts of toxic hydrogen sulfide, which we currently pump back into the lake because we do not have the technology to use it for energy generation yet." A report written for the European Community's humanitarian office states: "Large-scale exploitation of the Lake Kivu gas, if carried out in the right way, would…by reducing the gas-saturation of the lake water…considerably enhance the safety of the region."
Tourism, reviving the romance
Thanks mainly to its remarkable coastline and protected wildlife, tourism has a promising future as a major contributor ?to the economy
Nigeria/China: Satellite upsets a friendship made in heaven
After an over-enthusiastic first fling China's commercial overtures ?to Africa's rising economic giant are running into difficulties in many sectors
Two showpiece contracts of the Nigerian-Chinese relationship have gone spectacularly awry in the last few months but, in time, no doubt these will be put down to teething problems of a new trading partnership that has taken firm root and is beginning to blossom.
?The first bombshell came in October when the Nigerian government suspended and then terminated an $8.3bn contract with the China Railway Construction Company (CRCC) for the modernisation of Nigeria's dilapidated North-South railway system.
?Fate then intervened on 10 November, when Nigeria's first-ever communications satellite, NigComSat-1 – which had been launched with much fanfare by China in May 2007 at a cost of $257m – suffered a sudden solar panel failure and electrical breakdown.
Out of orbit
?Nigeria's prestige and national pride are at stake in the satellite project and so the government of President Umaru Yar'Adua could yet be persuaded to move ahead with the planned launch of two more satellites at a cost of a further $500m. But, cautious as ever, the government has not rushed to approve the disbursing of the appropriate concessionary loan from China Exim Bank.?
The Yar'Adua administration's wariness of taking on large debts to China is understandable given its concern that the cancelled rail project – which had been forced through by the government of ex-President Olusegun Obasanjo days before the November 2006 China-Africa Summit in Beijing – did not meet basic standards of due diligence.?
The sheer haste with which the rail contract was awarded illustrates the extent to which some Chinese firms – convinced that they had the sustained support of both governments – were ready to risk getting their fingers burned. In earlier negotiations with international finance institutions over the railway project, the IMF is said to have asked for documents the size of a New York telephone directory. But when the CRCC came in, within a fortnight it had negotiated the very same project in its entirety.?
With Nigeria's banks rather than its government now putting out the welcome mat, the Chinese are busier than ever. Leading the way on the Nigerian side, First Bank has signed a $2.4bn joint venture with China's Shenzhen Energy Group (CSEG) to build a 3,000 MW power plant and an agreement on a $500m free trade zone in Ogun State. First Bank also has deals with textile manufacturer Yuemei Group and China Construction Bank. Another leading Nigerian bank recently advertised for Mandarin-speaking marketeers to target more Chinese businesses.?
Tricks of the trade
?Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, the former Nigerian finance minister now at the World Bank, thinks Nigeria can learn some tricks from Chinese businesses. She said: "China knows poverty first hand and has evolved a successful wealth-creation formula that it is willing to share with African nations, Nigeria included."
?With over 40 companies now wholly-owned or in partnership with Nigerians, China's business expansion in Nigeria has been spectacular. Its firms have built the multi-billion dollar Sportsmen Hostel of the National Stadium in Abuja, the Nigerian Telecommunications Commission headquarters, an important link road in Lagos and have the contract to repair the Apapa-Oshodi Expressway. China Exim Bank has been involved in financing Nigerian power stations like Omotosho and Geregu. China National Offshore Oil Company has an offshore oil production stake valued at $2.3bn.?
One of the rites of passage for foreign investors in Nigeria is having their expatriates kidnapped. After Chinese construction workers were hijacked recently in Anambra State, analyst Jegede Kayode, told The Africa Report: "The kidnapping doesn't signify a backlash against Chinese interests; expats are generally being kidnapped daily in that region of Nigeria." Kayode runs Afrobridge Consulting, which brokers business between Nigeria and China. "In 18 months I have doubled my staff strength both in Nigeria and in Beijing," he said.?
|2008 headline Chinese deals
Sinoma International Engineering ?
|Shenzhen Energy Group ?Amount: $2.4bn?
A $2.4bn joint venture between China's Shenzhen Energy Group
(CSEG) and First Bank to build a 3,000 MW gas-fired power plant.
The location has not been specified.?
|Guangdong Xinguang International China-Africa Investment ?
Amount: $500m?
Ogun State Free Trade Zone, a $500m agreement between First Bank
and Guangdong Xinguang International China-Africa Investment.
Chinese firms are also constructing the Lekki Free Trade Zone in
Lagos State.
One of the most high-profile Chinese entrepreneurs in Nigeria is Pamela Wu, who has fully accepted Nigeria's 'bring your own infrastructure' business environment and has thrived in a difficult climate to build up Big Treat Plc, Nigeria's largest confectionery group. She combines business with rounds of golf at the prestigious Ikeja Golf Club.
?The numbers of Chinese resident in Nigeria are a matter of conjecture, but are thought by analysts to have risen from only 6,000 in 1992 to at least 75,000 now. An official at Nigerian Immigration Services told The Africa Report: "We have heard stories of some Chinese illegals living inside their factories and never coming out, but we are on alert." And the illegal immigration flows both ways. Guo Kun, China's consul-general in Lagos recently said his visa section was having a tough time verifying documents because "Nigerian businessmen put forward bogus letters of invitation for business" in China.?
From pak choi ?to pullovers?
Chinese are heavily represented in the retail sector. Etudor Akpan, a manager at a Chinese restaurant in Apapa, Lagos, said: "In the last six months I have sourced workers for at least four new Chinese restaurants opening in Apapa alone. These people mean business here in Nigeria." At Gatankowa Fairly Used Goods Market in Abule-Egba, a few kilometres outside Lagos, Chinese traders sell used textiles on the road. In the Ojota area of Lagos, there is a Chinatown market built in the traditional Chinese style; it was shut down last year because Nigerian custom officials alleged that the Chinese were smuggling goods into the country, but this was resolved amicably and more such sites are planned across the country.
?At a factory in the Adeniyi-Jones area of Ikeja industrial estate in Lagos, a Chinese manufacturing firm, Amigo Hair Attachment Products, was found to have employed hundreds of Nigerian under-age children in a new sweatshop labour racket. And the Nigerian National Agency for Food and Drug Administration Control recently sealed up a Chinese dairy company in Lagos which had imported the unsafe baby milk that had killed babies in China.
Djibouti's dream of a bridge
Twin 'Cities of Light' are to be built on opposing shores of the Red Sea in Djibouti and Yemen, linked by a 28km suspension bridge. The brainchild of Sheikh Tarek Bin Laden (the estranged brother of Osama), this $25bn 'Bridge of the Horns' will directly link Africa with the Middle East, and hopefully spur much more trade between the two regions.
?The dream is one of generating wealth. Bin Laden and his project team, Al Noor Holdings, plan cities that will house tax-free businesses and industries providing hundreds of thousands of jobs and a plethora of tourist attractions. And all for a price tag of $300bn – something of a tricky proposition, as neither Yemen nor Djibouti could contribute much from their own coffers. And so everything depends on major Arab investors getting involved.?
Construction project teams are on standby for confirmation of construction of the bridge, which could begin by the end of 2009 if the green light is given. The project team, led by US firm DCK Worldwide, could provide construction jobs for as many as 300,000 workers from all corners of Africa and Asia.
Back to Infrastructure, Sustaining the momentum for modernisation
Infrastructure: Maintaining the momentum for modernisation
All kinds of infrastructure are clearly needed if African economies are to modernise successfully; and there is now an emerging consensus on how to go about it
Some of Africa's milestone transportation projects, like the Gautrain commuter line in South Africa's Gauteng Province and the new Algiers Metro, are setting the pace for better transit management for major cities, but huge challenges lie ahead in achieving efficient transport and other infrastructure coordination in this continent of 53 countries, of which many are landlocked.?
On the continental level, the good news is that national and international agencies are beginning to work together as never before and that public and private sources of finance are finding common cause in opening up the continent's enormous economic opportunities. Even in these difficult times for the world economy, Africa's frontier markets provide attractions for private finance.?
The momentum of expansion has been positive and unprecedented. Total commitments by bilateral and multilateral members of the Infrastructure Consortium for Africa (ICA) reached $12.4bn in 2007, an increase of 61% over the $7.5bn committed in 2006. Also in 2007, China made commitments of $4.5bn, while Arab countries and India committed $2.6bn and $700m respectively.?
Outperforming all of these predictable sources of finance was the private sector, which came up with investments in excess of $20bn in 2007. The ICA noted that around 50% of these investments will have been in North Africa, and many more in South Africa, but concluded that "the trend for the continent is positive".?
ICA coordinator Alex Rugamba is confident that "in the short term, Africa is to some extent insulated" from recent developments in the world economy, "even if in the medium term they could reduce flows from both public and private sources". "Overseas development assistance (ODA) is not yet at risk and we hope it won't be," he told The Africa Report, "but in any case it is more of a catalyst than a total solution."?
The big-picture evidence is that "private finance for infrastructure in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has come from almost nowhere in the mid-1990s to become a source of finance comparable in magnitude and importance to ODA," according to the World Bank's forthcoming Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD), due for publication in early 2009.?
"Some areas of infrastructure (mobile telephony, power generation, ports) have been much more successful than others (roads, power and water distribution) at capturing private finance," the AICD adds.?
Djibouti's dream of a bridge
Drive across the red sea.
Several new reports still assess Africa's infrastructure needs over the coming decades in challenging terms. Policy-makers meeting in Washington in October were told that the financing gap still stands at $35bn a year. The World Bank's vice-president for Africa, Obiageli Ezekwesili, said: "Africa's infrastructure deficit is hindering economic growth and sustainable development."?
Demand for everything
?A recent economics paper from Goldman Sachs calculates that in a sample of 12 African countries, total infrastructure demand over the next four decades will amount to $1trn, of which Nigeria alone will need $360bn. "Across the range of sectors (mainline telephones, paved roads, mobile telephony, electricity, air travel and internet use), demand for electricity and mobile phones dominates: each averages over 30% of total infrastructure demand from 2020 onwards," the paper says. What is fresh about the Goldman Sachs approach is that it insists that the increasing urbanisation of Africa will create real demand: an insistence by the population that its needs for water, power and roads be met.?
In the changing economic realities, African governments will need to reassess their strategies. The ICA's Rugamba thinks that the state of the financial markets will make it difficult, though not impossible, for East Africa's governments to proceed with their recently-floated plans to sell infrastructure bonds. Norman Anderson, CEO of the CG/LA Infrastructure consultancy, says the public sector and the multilaterals will now have to get more involved. "The world will work through this situation with the help of significant infrastructure investment, as it is a way of building for the long term, rather than just for short-term gain," he told The Africa Report. "Governments will have to do the backstopping."
?For the moment, progress is still a patchwork of different initiatives in different countries and regions, plus emergency responses to obvious backlogs. And even as the world's financial system plunged into its worst crisis in 80 years, a series of structured financings across a range of sectors in Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa were still moving ahead.?
"In a nutshell, there has been no major slowdown in financing for African projects," said Ato Gyasi, head of infrastructure at South Africa's Rand Merchant Bank. "The credit squeeze in Africa is certainly more evident – and banks are seeing some liquidity constraints – but there is still strong appetite for African infrastructure projects, which – due to Africa's relatively high-risk profile – tend to be economically robust and well-structured assets, when they do come along."
Local partners
?South Africa has at least ten public-private partnership (PPP) projects set to come to market for rand-denominated 20-25-year financings in sectors like prisons, hospitals, roads and accommodation, Gyasi said.?
Where European and US banks have pulled out, African banks have moved in. Project financing for Nigeria's 9291m Lekki toll road in Lagos State provides one example. Four tranches of debt are involved, including money from the African Development Bank (AfDB), Standard Bank and leading Nigerian banks, and it has been able to proceed without political risk insurance. "The transaction marks a genuine precedent that has been followed closely by the Nigerian federal government and other Nigerian states," said Jonathan Wood, head of infrastructure finance at Standard Bank. "It should give Lagos the confidence to do other things with the private sector in areas such as power and transportation."?
"From an infrastructure perspective, the palatable Nigerian options are PPP initiatives, including concessions on sensible terms that make returns attractive enough for investors to be interested," said Chuka Mordi, head of infrastructure at Nigeria's First City Monument Bank. "The private sector is needed to ensure efficiency, as the government is too bureaucratic and incompetent for large-scale projects."?
In Kenya, where the recent political violence caused upsets to the system, development finance institutions from France, Germany and the Netherlands have been called upon to provide $90m in 15-year finance for the 90 MW Rabai power project, suggesting that commercial banks have tended to be more cautious. This and a new geothermal project should now be financed before the end of 2008.?
Electric power crises in a large number of countries, and especially South Africa, have begun to focus governments on the need to agree commercial power tariffs in order to move vital projects forward. One senior banker has noted new demand for independent power projects in both Ghana and South Africa.?
Another major source of stimulus for African infrastructure projects has been the substantial private investment in extracting raw materials, as for example in the copper mines of DRC and Zambia. Major new electric power and railways investments are on the table for both countries. Banks have been ready to arrange finance in the wake of commitments like that made by Australia's Equinox, which has invested around $600m in the new Lumwana mine in a previously undeveloped region of Zambia.?
Oil for roads
?Natural resources also provide the fundamental rationale for China's increasing involvement in developing African infrastructure. China's Exim Bank, providing loans on concessional terms, is currently supporting around 300 projects in Africa, of which 80% are for infrastructure development. China Development Bank, lending on commercial terms, is also heavily involved and manages the $5bn China-Africa Development Fund.?
Most African infrastructure projects are of a national nature and will stand or fall on the level of commitment made by individual African governments. In Nigeria, for example, there is still a long way to go for a succession of ongoing electric power projects to see the light of day, even though investors and contractors are lined up, because the institutional frameworks remain vague. Disputes between the Abuja government and a Chinese engineering company have also prevented progress on an $8bn railway rehabilitation scheme.?
Algiers Metro nearly ready
10 stations and 9km of underground
The prospect of advancing African progress by means of greater cross-border collaboration between governments has, however, captured the imagination of the ICA, the AfDB and certain major donors such as Japan. The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) is working on cross-border roads, power development and regional power linkages. It has helped establish 'one-stop border posts' between Kenya and Tanzania and between Zambia and Zimbabwe, and now plans a further 12 such projects. JICA Africa specialist Kazunori Oshiyama told The Africa Report that concessional loans and grant aid will "play a major role through individual projects, including cross-border roads, power development and regional power linkages".?
Change needs power?
For the ICA's Alex Rugamba, there is a need for more joint efforts, as much between donors as between African governments: "The regional projects present great potential for collaboration in project preparations and opportunities for joint working by donors."
?If Africa's infrastructure revolution is to maintain its newly-discovered momentum, there are still major problems to overcome. The ICA's latest annual report, for example, laments the slow progress countries are making in setting up regional power markets. A key contributor to the vision of sharing electric power might be the development of the Inga hydro-electric dam project on the River Congo, which has the potential to generate around 40,000 MW. But here again, the ICA notes, "the development of Inga will take some considerable time as the project is fraught with political, security and institutional challenges". More realistic are less ambitious schemes where national governments have taken a lead and are prepared to negotiate viable and reasonable terms with their neighbours. Such is the case in Ethiopia, where some 3,600 MW of additional power is already planned or even under construction, especially at its Gilgel Gibe hydro-electric projects, and where agreements to sell power to neighbouring Djibouti, Kenya and southern Sudan are considered viable.?
Investment in ports falls behind trade growth
Port capacity is lagging behind. Read more.
Most daunting, and much less easily financed, are Africa's desperate needs for reliable supplies of drinking water (in both urban and rural areas) and for rural roads to help open up the remotest parts of the continent to trade. There is a mountain of work still to be done.


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subset: commoncrawl


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Thali Reviews & Details
300 Ethan Allen Hwy
(203) 894-1080
Thali is located at 300 Ethan Allen Hwy in Ridgefield near the intersection of Ethan Allen Hwy and Florida Hill Rd. Their menu consists of Indian dishes . Call (203) 894-1080 today!
- Cuisine:Indian
- Major Intersection:Ethan Allen Hwy And Florida Hill Rd
- Website:Website
What everyone says about Thali
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Cheap Dedicated Server Germany
Why Dedicated Web Hosting Is Best?
Making a website is a simple task mainly with all the available tools and resources that are completely free to use online. Though, websites must be hosted to reach the web. If you are planning to host your website online, you have two different choices.
- Shared server hosting
- Dedicated server hosting
If it comes to dedicated server Germany, it just indicates leasing complete web server from a service provider. It is completely yours meaning you don't need to share your server with someone else. On the other hand, shared server, you have to share the server's resources with different customers. Costs of server hosting differ depending on which one you will choose. If talking about shared web hosting then these are the reasonable while dedicated servers are somewhat expensive. Though, selecting a dedicated web server has its own advantages and is a reasonable solution compared to buying your own web servers.
On the other hand shared server can be best option for personal sites and small companies. There is actually not any possible reason for the business owner to get a private server except the website expands. Though, when your small size business begins expanding, the disk space and bandwidth may abruptly become small for your requirements. You can handle this situation in two different manners. One is to buy more disk space and the other one is thinking about dedicated web hosting from Germany server. Buying extra space will not be a best solution if your company really takes off as before you recognize it, you will be facing similar problem again and again.
Cheap dedicated server Germany caters only to your business and website. You will have all the bandwidth and disk space on the web server and you no need to worry regarding adding disk space again and again. Absolutely, there will be no requirement for you to share the web server with any other site not like on a shared web server. You would have the choice of building your site as big and as complicated as you desire.
A dedicated hosting is even safer over any other web server as you will have complete control over the server's security and your site. On the other hand, a shared server, you wouldn't have this type of control just because you will share the functionality with some other people. Data and information available on a shared hosting is almost like a computer system is being used at your own home by other people thus it will not be as safe as you wish it to be.


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PROSSER A proposed new regional park and a new police department building will be on the City Council's agenda tomorrow evening.
The meeting will take place at 7 p.m. at Council chambers at 601 7th St.
Council will hear a report from a committee that has been gathering information regarding a regional park that would include multi-sport fields.
It will hear from a committee charged with determining the size of the site and building for a new police department.
Council will discuss recruitment of a new public works director.
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the right to withdraw or extend this offer at any time. Offer cannot be combined with any other offer or discount (excluding £30 Low Deposit). Booking conditions apply, see main brochure or website.
Why not give it a go? Find out more about these great activities and what you'll experience!
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New in 2017. This superb, barn conversion is a perfect getaway for families and couples. Ground floor: One king size double with ensuite wet room. Living area with wood burner, 55" flat screen TV with Freeview/DVD and soundbar. Large contemporary kitchen with American style fridge/freezer and range oven. Utility room with washing machine. Family bathroom. Large dining area with doors leading to garden area, patio with garden furniture, barbecue and outdoor hot tub. First floor: Two super king size doubles, both with ensuite shower. One king size double with ensuite shower. Second floor: Two twin. Shower room.
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Ground floor: Three living areas, two with open fire, TV with Freeview/DVD. Dining room leading to large contemporary kitchen with range oven and dining area. Utility room. Additional WC. Super king size double (can be twin by arrangement) and one twin. Wet room with shower. First floor: One super king size double with ensuite bathroom with roll top bath, walk in shower and bidet. One super king size double with ensuite walk in shower. Two super king size double (one can be twin by arrangement). Family bathroom with walk in shower. Second floor: Living area and kitchenette with fridge. Two king size double and one twin. Family bathroom with walk in shower. Lode Hall has a large garden with patio area with garden furniture, barbecue and large swim spa hot tub.
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73Q Music Videos
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Why Earth Is Not Orbiting The Sun As We Are Taught
earth pilgrims
Science & Technology
Solar System
, earth pilgrims, Nassim Haramein, whoa dude
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People Who Liked This Video Also Liked:
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Captain Harlock - What does Tommy see?
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Comment count is 24
Mr. Purple Cat Esq.
- 2012-02-28
aaaahhhh my brain!!! I'm just glad im not a physicist or cosmologist, this might give me an aneurysm!!
Also gotta admire his subtle segue from fairly rational theory to craaazyy!!
- 2012-02-28
Let's see, should i trust centuries or scientific research, made by some of the most brilliant minds of our world, or trust mr mullet man over here? Decisions decisions.
- 2012-02-28
For astronomy I always turn to Eric Idle:
Syd Midnight
- 2012-03-02
The words "Truth", "Wisdom" or "Patriot" in a username are a form of aposematism. They advertise to potential debate opponents that everything this person says is wrong and arguing with them will only hurt your head so don't even bother.
- 2012-02-28
It's scary how many more comments on THIS tripe have been removed or flagged as spam than the ones on even more dubious religious videos.
There's the usual religious anti-science mindset that can't deal with real-world repeatable phenomena contradicting their holy books, then there's this stuff, where people want to believe that somehow reality is part Narnia, part Sandman, and all run by cosmic steampunk machines. The latter camp seems the most vigorously angry. Maybe it's because they buy fake medieval swords at conventions.
- 2012-02-28
i would say that the camp that blows up buildings and murders abortionists would be considered slightly more "vigorously angry" than a bunch of chumps typing in all caps, but yeah, these types certainly seem a lot more delicate.
- 2012-02-29
I should have included "on the internet."
Again, you're probably not going to see explosives out of this bunch so much as threats to duel you with a bat'leth or replica of a sword from Highlander.
- 2012-02-28
Isn't this technically true? stars, including the sun. are moving within the galaxy, and galaxies are moving in relation to each other too. The sun is hurtling through space as we orbit it, so in 3 dimensions the path our planet travels is like a cork screw, not a circle.
- 2012-02-28
my point is nothing about this goes against the current scientific understanding, so this video is just kind of boring.
- 2012-02-28
There's absolutely no proof that Earth is on a course for Space Mecca, if that's what you're asking.
- 2012-02-28
I just thought he seemed like a hilarious old stoner wizard telling us something that's usually only spoken of in dark corners of smokey rooms.
But yeah it's also neat to think about spiraling through the galaxy. Isn't that worth all the stars in the galaxy?
- 2012-02-28
I see you're talking about the stars in the universe, yet you only gave this video two of them.
Allow me to attempt to rectify that.
- 2012-02-28
you can't OWN stars man. They're not yours to give. If you trace a stars path back through space and kinda squint in the 4th dimension a little it looks just like your DNA, you fascist.
- 2012-02-28
This guy is a "Unified Field" quantum magic bullshitter of the "What The Bleep Do We Know" type. He sounds like he knows what he's talking about because he uses lots of big words you might find in a physics book.
For these ideas to be correct, it would have to overturn thousands of years of astronomical observation. Nearly everything we understand about astrophysics would be completely incorrect which, if it were the case, would mean none of the related science or math would actually function properly.
SPOILERS: The ultimate conclusions of all his books and videos that you have to buy to learn the secrets to everything is: since there is energy produced in the body, our cells are like mini-black holes (because there's energy inside them, see) and since black holes exist in space WE ARE ALL ONE WITH THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING IS INSIDE US IN THE COSMOS AND OH WOW MAN I'M LIKE TOTALLY TRIPPING...
- 2012-02-28
The astrolabe, which was first invented around 150BC, uses the static and predictable positions of the stars in the sky to determine the current time and latitude.
I would really like to enjoy this guy's explanation of how the entire seafaring era managed to avoid getting lost because the ancient astrolabe is actually a conspiracy created by the government because they use chemtrails to mask your universal DNA signature spiral thus ensuring when we enter the 5th dimension of time that the aliens will punish us by refusing to enlighten our eternal soul.
Or something like that.
- 2012-02-28
We are moving at something like 40000 mph towards the constellation Lyra as I'm typing this (this is as related to other stars nearby, it's basically impossible to calculate the 'actual' vellocitiy of something vs. background nothingness). So the stars the sailors see every night are technically in a different position than they were last night.
However, we aren't actually moving all that fast, all things considered, and what skews the night sky even more since 150BC is the progression of the axial procession of the earth. Our wobbly axis has caused the night sky to shift so much that we technically would all have different astrological signs than we would have in 150BC. If you've heard of the cult of Mithras, it also has to do with the founding of that. The vernal equinox used to take place when the sun was in Taurus, but since we move around in space, it's now in Perseus. Thus, mithras killing the bull. Yes I know astrology and ancient cults aren't good references.
- 2012-02-28
Well, he's right that the solar system is moving, and that the planetary bodies form a spiral, not circular, path, relative to a static frame. This is indeed a mildly interesting thing to think about, and I rather like the thought of a interstellar pilgrimage with our solar system. However, he stunk it up with mysticism.
- 2012-02-28
I don't think that bit at the end was supposed to taken literally.
He's just pointing out that it's sort of cute to make a connection between the distance we travel and the time we travel. It's like taking a road trip across the country and somebody asks when the last time we had gotten gas was, and responding with "2 states ago".
I am starting to feel uncomfortable defending this guy, because I don't know anything about him and he's probably an internet crackpot. I don't think that because of anything he said, but how he says it, and his stupid hair.
- 2012-02-28
pic showing how our system is oriented looking at it from the centre of the galaxy:
- 2012-02-29
Is mysticism ever literal? I think even the people who talk about it are vaguely aware that if you look too closely, it disappears, so they prefer to keep it at a poetic distance. For me, though, it's not poetic -- it's religion light, and it detracts from and befuddles things that are genuinely beautiful, like our solar system spiraling through space. He's latched onto something good there, but you're right, the hair is definitely a strong indicator that something is amiss.
- 2012-02-28
Who isn't taught the sun orbits the center of the galaxy?
Corpus Delectable
- 2012-02-28
I'm a little late to the party, but why is this asshole teaching us that the Milky Way is stationary? Doesn't he know it's orbiting the local galactic supercluster? Which is, in turn, orbiting the....
- 2012-02-29
One day humankind will discover that everything in the universe revolves around the one true space-beard paradimensional hippie god just riffin' out with a chorus/delay pedal chromakeyed over fractal images and Hubble photos in the centre of the universe since the big bang. Then finally the sciency people and the religiony people can at least agree on how bad they were punk'd and french kiss eachother maybe.
- 2012-02-29
All seemed interesting and kind of plausible up until 3:26 on where the incense somehow came through his nostrils and up into the deep parts of his brain to cause a mini-stroke.
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dorothy perkins coat (similar from new look)
asos boots (similar from asos)
zara bag
vintage chain necklace
I very rarely wear my fur coat (fake, obviously), but around this time I love to drag it out of my wardrobe and dress it down with jeans or fairly plain dresses, like this one from Topshop. I picked this dress up last weekend with Christmas parties and dinners in mind. It's really thick and warm and the material feels really expensive. It's got that, almost, coord look to it as it looks like a crop top and a midi skirt and I love that.
Let me know if you own a fur coat and if you have worn it more than that one time you were feeling brave.


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Ned Kelly Lounge – Where local legends are made!
At Ned Kelly Lounge in Zurich-Dielsdorf, a memorable experience is always guaranteed . Enjoy live rock concerts or live blues and jam sessions. Kick back, have a drink and listen to our resident DJ's heart pounding music samplers. Or better yet, test your singing skills and have a few laughs with your friends on Karaoke Nights!
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Virginia M.
Lesson Details
Virginia teaches
- Teaches students:
- Ages 3+ and special needs
- Teaching since:
- 2007
Hi Guys!!
I love to teach and I would love to guide you on your English, Spanish and swimming lessons!
A little about me.. I graduated from Florida Atlantic University in Finance, and I am now completing a Masters at Nova Southeastern University in Criminal Justice.
English is my first language and also my favorite subject. I can guide you on how to pronounce words correctly, read, learn to speak fluently and confidently, and also teach you how to write papers for work/school.
I have speaking Spanish my whole life, (when I was a little girl- I was always the class translator for students that just got to the United States, since they couldn't communicate well) Iv'e been doing this for a very long time!
For the swimming lessons I have many references, and I will come to your house! I have been teaching for many years as it was my first job! (My boss always gave me the kicking, crying and screaming kids) I can definitely deal with all types for personalities.
Please let me know if you have any questions for me, I would glad to answer you!
3 ReviewsWrite a Review
Very good
Outstanding lesson! Fun, kind, patient and had a great time learning Spanish!
Virginia is very kind and she follows the methodology all the time.


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c.2013 New York Times News Service
c.2013 New York Times News Service
PARIS � Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis, the globe-trotting princess who is a columnist for Vogue, arrived at her own dinner party at the H�tel Prince de Galles on Tuesday night on the back of a motorcycle. To beat the traffic, Parisians gad about on motorbikes these days, ever since Uber introduced the bike option here last year.
�You can get anywhere in 10 minutes,� von Thurn und Taxis said as she adjusted a thin silver band that rested on her forehead. �The only problem is your hair.�
Before Carine Roitfeld�s seasonal Paris Fashion Week send-off party, von Thurn und Taxis had gathered a small crew that included the designers Giambattista Valli, Esteban Cort�zar, Max Osterweis and Nicholas Kirkwood. And Lena Dunham, who, believe it or not, had never been to Paris.
�It has been a major oversight in my life,� she said.
Dunham wore a simple frock with a loose white top, recounting how she had visited the Mus�e d�Orsay earlier that day but, because of a ticketing mess and a 25-minute wait, was unable to enter its titillating special exhibition on the history of the male nude. She and a friend stood outside the entrance, peering in hopelessly before they finally gave up.
As the clock struck 11 p.m. the guests began to disperse, on their way to Roitfeld�s party at the fancy-pants restaurant Pavillon Ledoyen, right behind the Petit Palais museum, that followed a screening of �Mademoiselle C,� the documentary about her new magazine. Roitfeld�s parties, as they have grown larger, and larger, have lost some of the je ne sais quoi of their earlier days, the �quoi� being space to breathe.
These French people do not know how to work a room. They air-kiss in doorways and refuse to budge so that no one else can get a glimpse of Kim Kardashian as she entered with the Givenchy designer, Riccardo Tisci.
Roitfeld, with glittering eye shadow and a stark black dress, remained near the entrance, soliciting feedback on the film, which she had skipped.
�I don�t want to watch any more about me,� she said. �But I like to hear what other people say about me.�
The designers piled in with people you�ve never seen before.
Anthony Vaccarello walked by, then Victoire de Castellane and Lawrence Steele, Brian Atwood, Peter Dundas, Bruno Frisoni and Katy Perry, who had attended the Chanel show that day, though it was hard to hear what anyone was talking about over the Michael Jackson and George Michael wedding party tunes.
As usual, the party became fun only after midnight. Suddenly Joan Smalls, the model, kicked off her shoes and set to dancing with Lily Donaldson in the manner of a maypole, while Miguel, the phenomenally popular American singer whom no one seems to recognize in France, watched with a wide grin.
And had you left the party around 1:15 a.m., you would have found yet another model, Lindsey Wixson, outside, sitting on the back of a motorcycle.


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11917 Berrybrook Court Moorpark, CA 93021
Hi, Jeff & Joni Finer.
My name is
and I have a question about 11917 Berrybrook Court Moorpark
You can respond by either emailing me at
or call during
My Question Is:
Estimated Monthly Payment$5,051
- Photos
- Location
- Questions
- Share
- Mortgage Calculator
- Status: Active
Listing courtesy of Rockwood Realty
Welcome to this exquisitely remodeled 4 bedroom, 2.5 bath family haven in the sought-after Quail Ridge neighborhood. The downstairs offers warm and open living, dining areas featuring soaring ceilings with designer chandelier, clerestory windows, fireplace, gloriously remodeled kitchen with all-new cabinets, appliances, counter tops along with informal dining area, family room, and half bath. Upstairs invites quiet rest with massive master bedroom with en-suite, 3 additional bedrooms that share a large shower-over-tub, double-sink bathroom. High grade carpeting and recently installed windows make this beauty a show-stopper and great value. Steps from the pool and spa, tree-top views, easy access to shopping, dining, award-winning schools, and rural open spaces, this location is ideal for all that you do. No showings until first public open house Sunday, 9/9/18, 2:00 - 5:00 PM. We look forward to welcoming you to your fantastic new home!, Directions Tierra Rejada and Mountain Trail
Interior Features Include:
Cathedral-Vaulted Ceilings, Two Story Ceilings
Fireplace Description Gas Starter, Living Room
Window Cov: Custom Covering, Double Pane Windows, Blinds
Source Natural Gas, Fireplace, Forced Air
Floor Type: Carpet
Exterior Features Include:
Acreage: 0.1100 Acres
Description Back Yard, Landscaped, Lawn, Lot-Level/Flat, Secluded, Yard, Cul-De-Sac, Sprinklers In Rear, Sprinkler System
Square Feet 4628
Garage Capacity: 2
Other Features Include:
Subdivision: Quail Ridge-347 - 1003492
Pool: In Ground, Community Pool
"Nothing Could Be Finer"
Cell: (818) 693-4122
Work: (818) 933-3100
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CARETS, California Real Estate Technology Services, is a consolidated MLS property listing data feed comprised of CLAW (Combined LA/Westside MLS), CRISNet MLS (Southland Regional AOR), DAMLS (Desert Area MLS), CRMLS (California Regional MLS), i-Tech MLS (Glendale AOR/Pasadena Foothills AOR) and VCRDS (Ventura County Regional Data Share).
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Collin College Professor Elected President of National Honor Society
Collin College Professor Elected President of National Honor Society
"Following in the footsteps of past presidents, I feel privileged to be serving alongside many passionate and committed national council members. My journey in Psi Beta National Honor Society began 22 years ago as an advisor to my college chapter and led eventually to my role as the southwestern regional vice-president. It is an honor to serve in this new role," O'Loughlin-Brooks said.
Psi Beta is an affiliate of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Association for Psychological Science (APS). Psi Beta's mission is to professionally develop outstanding students at two-year colleges through promotion and recognition of excellence in scholarship, leadership, research and community service.
Collin College serves more than 53,000 credit and continuing education students annually and offers more than 100 degrees and certificates. The only public college in the county, Collin College is a partner to business, government and industry, providing customized training and work force development. In addition, the college operates the Collin Higher Education Center, which serves 3,100 additional students each year in partnership with The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas Woman's University, Texas A&M Commerce, Texas Tech and the University of North Texas.


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An entry of 1210 sheep at Markethill on Wednesday sold in a stronger trade for all classes.
The 650 Spring Lambs sold in a noticeably firmer trade. Heavy lambs sold from £90 to £98 each. Top rate of 393p per kilo was paid for 24.2 kilos @ £95 each. All good pens sold from 350p to 389p per kilo.
Light lambs were in excellent demand with good quality pens selling from 410p to 435p per kilo for 21.5 kilos @ £93.50 each. The entire entry of light lambs averaged 22 kilos @ £91.20 (415p)
Fat hoggets sold to 377p per kilo for 22.3 kilos @ £84 each. Main demand sold from 310p to 365p per kilo.
The 270 cull ewes sold in a very firm trade. Heavy ewes sold from £80 to £94 each. Plainer ewes sold from £60 to £75 each.
Another full yard of Ewes & Lambs sold in an improved demand. Doubles sold to £190 each. Singles sold to £195 each with several more from £150 to £188 each.
FAT HOGGETS: Loughbrickland farmer 22.3k £84 377p. Ballydown farmer 18k £66 365p. Loughbrickland farmer 20k £70 348p. Tandragee farmer 25.5k £80 314p
HEAVY LAMBS: Whitecross farmer 24k £95 393p. Armagh farmer 24.7k £96 389p. Poyntzpass farmer 24.5k £95 388p. Belleeks farmer 26k £98 377p. Killylea farmer 25.7k £95 369p. Markethill farmer 24k £88 367p. Whitecross farmer 27k £95 352p.
LIGHT LAMBS: Middletown farmer 21.5k £93.50 435p. Derrynoose farmer 21.7k £93 429p. Katesbridge farmer 22.5k £94.50 420p. Mowhan farmer 22.4k £94 420p. Richhill farmer 22k £92 418p. Cortamlet farmer 20.4k £85 417p. Markethill farmer 21.4k £89 416p. Portadown farmer 21.2k £88 415p. Kilkeel farmer 21k £87 414p. Tullyvallen farmer 22k £91.50 414p


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SAN FRANCISCO (05/01/2000) - Budget processing power shoots way up this month as two new 650-MHz PCs grace the chart: The NuTrend Athlon Force 2, based on an AMD Athlon CPU, occupies the fifth spot, and the Quantex Corp. M650, based on an Intel Pentium III, takes number six. Another newcomer, Micro Express's MicroFlex-600A, tops the list thanks to great performance from a 600-MHz processor and an excellent all-around package.
WHAT'S HOT: Its Athlon-600 processor propelled the MicroFlex-600A to an outstanding score of 134 on our PC WorldBench 2000 tests, higher than any other machine on the budget chart. For users concerned with ergonomics, a Microsoft Natural keyboard permits comfortable, quiet typing. Inside the midsize tower, we found an uncluttered interior with three open PCI slots and four open bays for lots of expansion. The MicroFlex-600A also has the largest hard drive on the chart: a generous 18GB.
WHAT'S NOT: This well-rounded system is hard to knock, though business users might wish for a network card instead of a modem for connectivity.
WHAT ELSE: A well-organized system manual provides lots of information, including a detailed glossary, but the blurred images look like photocopies.
Colors on the 17-inch Impression 7VX monitor appeared deep and rich, while text remained crisp except at the highest resolution of 1600 by 1200. The ATI Rage Fury graphics card offers S-Video and composite output, a boon for presenters.
A 6X DVD-ROM drive is a pleasant surprise at this unit's bargain price of $1099.
BEST USE: This is an excellent general-use system for a small office looking for performance on a budget.
WHAT'S HOT: The Sierra LE costs $1139 and boasts features and performance that put many midrange systems to shame. It comes with an 8X DVD-ROM drive that maintained smooth playback even when we opened other applications. The keyboard offers convenient application-launching buttons. The ATI Rage Fury Pro 3D 2X graphics card provides a TV-out port for putting your PC display on a television monitor.
WHAT'S NOT: Though you get a quick-setup guide, the skimpy manual provides little troubleshooting information. The interior wiring is messy, hampering access to components.
WHAT ELSE: The 17-inch Optiquest Q71 monitor produced bright, crisp colors and sharp text at resolutions up to 1280 by 1024. With four open slots (two PCI and two ISA) and four open bays, the Sierra LE offers lots of expansion room. This Pentium III-500 system earned a WorldBench 2000 score of 120, about average for systems we've tested in its class.
BEST USE: Frequent presenters can use the fast Sierra LE for day-to-day work.
WHAT'S HOT: Packing both a modem and a network interface card, the SB500c is ready for any kind of connectivity. At $949, this system delivers pretty good bang for your buck. Quantex's 17-inch MON-XP170DP monitor displayed our test images with deep, rich colors, and text stayed sharp up to the maximum resolution of 1280 by 1024. If that's not good enough, the SB500c--unlike most systems with integrated graphics--offers an AGP slot for upgrading.
WHAT'S NOT: To remove the flimsy side panel of the midsize tower, you must remove two screws and jimmy it back and forth. The cluttered interior offers limited expandability: four open bays but only one open PCI slot.
WHAT ELSE: This Quantex system's performance score of 101 on our PC WorldBench 2000 tests is about average for the Celeron-500 systems we've tested. The keyboard is large and solid and has extra multimedia keys, but it clacks a bit as you type. Documentation includes a slim system manual filled with screen shots, and a Windows 98 setup guide.
BEST USE: A strong performer for the price, this Quantex would suit almost any small business on a tight budget.
WHAT'S HOT: Tons of illustrations and loads of excellent upgrading information fill this PC's system manual. The well-designed desktop includes a case lock and a cover that slides off easily. The system also comes with Wake-on-LAN and chassis intrusion detection, as well as Intel's LANDesk Client Manager on disk.
WHAT'S NOT: The added features collide--literally. We had trouble reattaching the case cover because it didn't quite line up with the lock. Reaching an internal drive bay requires removing a metal panel secured by an easy-to-lose screw.
WHAT ELSE: The AcerPower 4400 earned a score of 118 on our PC WorldBench 2000 tests--a tad below average for PIII-600 systems we've tested (but still pretty darn fast for a budget system), due in part to its modest 64MB of RAM. Within its space-saving desktop case, the AcerPower provides two open slots and three open bays. Advent's AV120 two-speaker set attaches to the sides of the monitor; it's easy to set up but delivers mediocre sound.
BEST USE: With a slim desktop design and useful management features, the AcerPower 4400 would make a capable corporate PC for users trying to save both space and a few bucks.
WHAT'S HOT: The Athlon Force 2 is an upgrader's dream. To access its orderly interior, you simply remove one screw on the midsize tower's top and slide out the side panel. Inside, you'll find generous room for expansion (four open slots and four open bays). A large, well-organized, and colorful binder contains copious documentation and bundled software (including Corel's WordPerfect Office 2000 suite). Less-technical PC users will appreciate the system's well-labeled exterior.
WHAT'S NOT: You'll want to get another display if you buy the Force 2. Colors on the 17-inch Optiquest Q71 monitor appeared diluted, and text was unreadable at the maximum resolution of 1280 by 1024. At $1199, this system is at the upper end of our budget range.
WHAT ELSE: The Force 2's score of 133 on our PC WorldBench 2000 tests matched the average for similarly configured Athlon-650's we've tested. Reset and sleep buttons are located conveniently on the front of the case, and ports are color-coded and labeled for easy setup.
BEST USE: The Athlon Force 2's handy midrange features and outstanding performance shouldn't disappoint small- and home-office users--although you will want to purchase a better monitor.
WHAT'S HOT: With its color-coordinated, icon-labeled rear ports and its helpful quick-setup guide, the Quantex M650 comes together easily. For future CPU upgraders, the system's motherboard accommodates both Slot 1 and Socket 370 processors, supporting a broader range of choices. Programmable buttons, including CD-ROM/DVD-ROM and volume controls, come in handy on the comfortable, solidly constructed keyboard.
WHAT'S NOT: Though quick for a budget system, the M650's score of 121 on our PC WorldBench 2000 tests fell significantly short of marks posted by most other Pentium III-650 units we've tested. This lag is due in part to the integrated graphics, which draw from the system's 64MB of RAM.
WHAT ELSE: Colors on the Quantex DP1727 17-inch monitor looked deep and rich, but text blurred at the standard resolution of 1024 by 768 and was almost unreadable at the maximum of 1280 by 1024. The two open PCI slots and four open bays provide adequate room for expansion.
BEST USE: The M650 would make a capable addition to any small office.
WHAT'S HOT: At $898, the Brio BA200 will leave a lot of change in your pocket.
The system manual contains lots of troubleshooting information and many helpful illustrations, and the HP Brio Assist CD-ROM provides even more advice. If those don't suffice, try HP's tech support line--in our anonymous calls, we've found the reps helpful and easy to reach.
WHAT'S NOT: The good tech support will cost you: HP doesn't offer toll-free lines; and after a year, you'll have to pull out a credit card to get them to talk to you.
WHAT ELSE: This Celeron-500 system managed a PC WorldBench 2000 score of 99--average for Celeron-500 units we've tested. Colors on the 17-inch HP 71 monitor appeared deep and rich, with sharp text at most resolutions, though it blurred somewhat at the maximum resolution of 1280 by 1024. If you want to go higher, you'll have to install a PCI graphics card, because you can't upgrade the Brio's integrated Intel 810 AGP graphics.
BEST USE: Any small or medium-size business with modest computing needs and budgets should consider this Brio.
WHAT'S HOT: At $949, the Racer PC500c is one of the lowest-priced systems on our budget chart. A unique minitower design (with side handles) makes accessing its innards easy. Service from the company's technical support reps earns a rating of Good in our anonymous calls.
WHAT'S NOT: Colors appeared washed out on the system's 17-inch ADI VD-697 monitor. Playback on the 4.8X DVD-ROM drive was poor, primarily because of the substandard monitor.
WHAT ELSE: This Racer's PC WorldBench 2000 score of 102 ranks slightly above average for Celeron-500 systems running Windows 98. The unit comes with documentation for all components, but no overall system manual. The neat interior supports limited expansion--three open PCI slots but only one open drive bay.
BEST USE: Providing solid power at a low price, the Racer would work well for people who don't demand topflight multi-media performance.
WHAT'S HOT: The AcerPower 8400 packs a generous number of desirable corporate features at a bargain price. The minitower comes complete with chassis intrusion detection, a network interface card, a case lock, and Wake-on-LAN.
The thick system manual includes thorough upgrading information. The CD-ROM drive even includes a dust cleaner for its lens. The drive also has extra buttons for fast-forward, play, and other audio CD options.
WHAT'S NOT: Colors on the 17-inch Acer 77C monitor appeared washed out, while text blurred at 1024 by 768 and was almost unreadable at the maximum resolution of 1280 by 1024.
WHAT ELSE: This machine earned a PC WorldBench 2000 score of 104, about average for similarly configured Pentium III-500 systems we've tested. To open the case, you must remove two screws; the side panel then slides on and off smoothly. The small motherboard and small case make using the two open slots and three open bays a bit difficult.
BEST USE: The AcerPower 8400 is suitable for any business with moderate computing needs; its anti-intrusion and networking features make it ideal for corporate desks.
WHAT'S HOT: System documentation comes in a terrific box, with a holder that slides out and dividers that separate all the manuals--including an overall system manual notable for its detailed troubleshooting information. Even at $999, this Amax carries several extras, including an 8X DVD-ROM drive and a network card.
WHAT'S NOT: On our test system, the DVD-ROM drive played our movie sporadically (the image flickered in and out, and sometimes the player didn't work at all) until tech support instructed us to move the MPEG card to a different PCI slot.
The Amax has a Celeron-533 processor, but its PC WorldBench 2000 score of 96 ranks below the scores posted by most other Celeron-500 systems we've tested.
WHAT ELSE: Although it has a tidy interior, the Amax includes only two open bays and no open slots. The 17-inch Impression 7VX monitor displays sharp text, but colors appear a bit washed out. The maximum resolution of 1600 by 1200 is attainable only at 256 colors--not a pretty sight.
BEST USE: With its built-in network card and low price, this Amax represents an excellent cost-cutter for corporations that don't need extreme speed.
Tech Trend
Slot or Socket? Your CPU Knows for Sure
The motherboard on your PC has a suitable slot or socket to accommodate the CPU it uses. Knowing your sockets and slots may not sound important, but if you ever want to upgrade your CPU, it can spare you a headache.
Most Intel Pentium III processors--mounted on a circuit board and contained inside a cartridge--fit into a 242-pin slot dubbed Slot 1. Most Celerons are encased in plastic packaging and fit into a 370-pin socket dubbed Socket 370.
Some motherboards made for Intel CPUs--such as the one used in the Quantex M650 (number six on the Top 10 Budget PCs chart this month)--include both a Slot 1 and a Socket 370.
AMD processors require still other slots and sockets on the motherboard. Though the Athlon chip sits in a cartridge that physically resembles the Pentium III's Slot 1, it occupies a motherboard space called Slot A.
Slot A "looks identical to the Pentium III's Slot 1," says Drew Prairie, a spokesperson for AMD, "but it's keyed 180 degrees opposite, so you can't drop a PIII in there, and we can't drop an Athlon in a Pentium slot."
So if you are considering inserting a new processor into your motherboard, first consult your PC's manual, open the system case, and look carefully inside--or check the motherboard maker's Web site--to see what slot or socket you've got in your system.
And most important, don't even think about wedging an AMD processor into an Intel slot (or vice versa): You can't fool a motherboard, no matter how hard you try.


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Borough Council proposes changes to rental property ordinance
By STACEY DANZUSO
CHAMBERSBURG, Pa. - Chambersburg Borough Council members decided Wednesday to shift more of the financial burden of a proposed rental property inspection program onto landlords with code violations.
During a public workshop, council members discussed objections to the proposed program raised by dozens of landlords who attended a public hearing last month.
The ordinance targets only residential rental properties, calling for an inspection by borough code enforcement officers once every three years and an $18 annual fee on each property.


text: London: An "extremely rare" Roman bronze wing was found during an excavation in England's Gloucester city, the media reported on Monday. The object, which is 14 cm long, was found during an excavation for a new housing development in Brunswick Road, in an area that would have been just behind the city's Roman wall, BBC reported. Experts believe it was probably part of a winged statuette to Victoria, the Roman goddess of victory. "This find once again demonstrates that Gloucester was a high-ranking city in Roman Britain and that its public spaces must have been equipped with a number of bronze statues of gods and emperors," said Neil Holbrook, from Cotswold Archaeology (Britain's leading archaeological fieldwork and consultancy practices). He added that finds of Roman bronze sculpture in Britain are "extremely rare" and "very few depictions of Victoria or eagles" are known from the province. "It would be nice to think a retired Roman soldier, spending his retirement years in Gloucester, had a nice statuette to Victory as thanks for making it through the Roman invasion of Britain in one piece." It will be put on display at Gloucester Museum once it has been studied.


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There is nothing worse than lugging your large vacuum around whilst you blitz your house only to find a small mess or spill there five minutes later. Perhaps the dog ran in from the garden or your little ones dropped crumbs on the lounge rug. Having a handheld vacuum at arms reach can be a godsend!
Hand vacuums can easily be stored in a small cupboard or mounted on a wall, meaning it will be in a convenient location just when you need it.
They aren't just easy to store and use, they are also extremely easy to clean. Being bagless, they come with a built in section that collects dirt. While cleaning a full-size vacuum can be an arduous task, the benefit of handheld vacuums is that you simply throw away the dirt and debris that has collected inside the unit. Some hand vacuums are cordless, using batteries, so you can take them anywhere, making it even easier to clean up spills.
Handheld vacuums really are versatile. Thanks to their size and convenient storage facilities, you can clean up spills much faster than full-size vacuums. They are also easier to manoeuvre in small spaces, including corners, stairs and other crevices that a full-size vacuum would normally prove more difficult.
Take a look at the different features you should also consider when choosing a model that's right for you.
Corded versus Cordless
Corded handheld vacuums are more powerful and don't lose power as the cordless do as/when the batteries run out. However, corded models are not as versatile as cordless cleaners which you can take anywhere. Depending on which area you plan on using your vacuum the most will determine whether corded or cordless is best for you. For example, if this is going to be used primarily as part of your weekly car cleaning routine then cordless is most likely the way to go.
The Power of Suction
The Air Watts rating will give the best measure of suction. Again, your requirements are determined by where and when you perceive using the cleaner.
Do you have pets? Or maybe you have children with long hair. If so, you will most likely require an attachment which will ease the task of lifting the unwanted hairs from your carpets. Do you or anyone in your family suffer from asthma? If the answer is yes, then the filter in your cleaner is an important consideration for you. A good filter will prevent dust being recirculated back into the air.
This may not be an issue for many users, but if you are elderly or may be weakened by illness, you may find some models quite heavy/cumbersome for prolonged use so need to consider a lightweight model instead.
No matter what other features you would like or needs you have to address,you'll need to consider your budget. Thankfully, there is such a comprehensive range of hand held vacuum cleaners available with a wide range of price tags that there is a price to suit every budget.
Click here to see the full range available at Comet
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Mitri Raheb is a Palestinian Christian who was born in Bethlehem in 1961. He earned an undergraduate degree in Protestant theology from the Hermannsburg Mission Seminary in Germany in 1984, and a doctoral degree in theology from Philipps University Marburg, also in Germany. Upon completing his formal education, he returned to Bethlehem in 1988 and became pastor of the Evangelical Lutheran Christmas Church, a position he holds to this day. In 1995 Raheb founded the International Center of Bethlehem (ICB) to help Palestinians become "actors and not mere spectators" in the creation of civic institutions. The ICB includes a state-of-the-art cultural and conference center, a 350-seat theater, a media center, a restaurant and bar, a guesthouse, and numerous meeting areas. In 1998 Raheb opened the Dar al-Kalima School to offer Palestinian children "an alternative to the traditional curriculum." Five years after that, he opened the Dar al-Kalima Aacademy, an institution of higher learning whose curricula focused on the arts, tourism, and Christian ministry. The three aforementioned institutions -- the ICB, the Dar al-Kalima School, and the Dar al-Kalima Academy -- together have developed into the second-largest private employer in the Bethlehem area. In late 2002 Raheb launched a website known as the Bethlehem Media Center, designed to "empower Palestinians to tell their story"; to "promote the human face of the Palestinian people"; and to counter what Raheb perceives to be media bias against Palestinians. Raheb is one of the more prominent exponents of Replacement Theology, a doctrine which holds that Christians have replaced Jews in God's master plan and have "inherited all of God's promises, including the land of Israel." The Catholic Church adamantly repudiated Replacement Theology after the Holocaust, but Palestinian Christians like Raheb have revived it. Raheb has authored numerous theological articles as well as three books targeted for a more general audience. His 1995 book, I Am a Palestinian Christian, was an opening salvo in his effort to advance the notion that Palestinian Christian claims to the Holy Land are theologically and historically more valid than those of Jews. In two subsequent books (Bethlehem 2000: Past and Present [1998], and Bethlehem Besieged [2004]), Raheb emphasized the "plight" of Palestinians in Bethlehem during the Intifada, portraying them as innocent victims of unbridled Israeli violence. In his writings, Raheb consistently minimizes or excuses Palestinian terrorism. He does not mention the Palestinians' organized terrorist infrastructure, the corruption and criminality of the Palestinian Authority (PA), or the relentless anti-Semitic incitement that pervades his whole society. Rarely does he mention the harassment and persecution that Palestinian Christians face from radical Islamic groups and from the PA. On those few occasions when he does make reference to some of these realities, he manipulates them to make them appear to be the consequences of Israeli transgressions. Hence, he blames the steady emigration of Bethlehem's Christian Arabs on Israel's "occupation," not on the PA or the Islamic dominance that has accelerated this centuries-long hemorrhage of Middle Eastern Christian Arabs. Raheb presents the Arab-Israeli conflict as a black-and-white morality play, with Israel always the evil-doer, the Palestinians always the innocent victims. He and others have started a campaign to spread the doctrine of Replacement Theology among Evangelical Christians, in an effort to persuade the latter to end their longstanding support for Israel. Raheb has made progress in this regard with liberal Christian groups; he convinced members of the Presbyterian Synod to vote for divestment from Israel in the summer of 2004. Over the years, Raheb has uttered many anti-Israel statements, including the following:
This profile is adapted, with permission, from Stand4Facts.org.
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Richie's Reviews
"Most people don't realize that writers are actually working when they are staring off into space."
Monday, October 26, 2015
Review of "Green Girl"
Ostracised by her father, Allanas was raised by Lindor, a healer. She would get sick and her skin would change color, from yellow to a deep green, and a voice called to her in her sleep. The villagers didn't understand and eventually she left to survive on her own. She was captured and sold into slavery, but lucky to be owned by a benevolent man, Branthor a sort of scientist. Allanas was happy to be his assistant, and grew found of those around her, then he died and she was sold again. The governor of the kingdom bought her and gave her to the king of Cessor as a gift, a concubine. The voice, a dragon became stronger and tried to take over her mind and body. When the king raped her, she called out to the dragon to help; he slayed the king and took her to his land to be with her own kind. 5 stars
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text:
David Tennant's relationship with his Doctor Who co-star Georgia Moffett could be nothing more than a fling, according to a report.
The actor's romance with Moffett, who plays his on-screen daughter on the sci-fi programme, was exposed by the press this week after the pair were spotted leaving Tennant's home together.
However, the Daily Mail claims that Tennant has wooed "at least five and probably more" members of the show's cast and crew since he took over as The Doctor in 2005. He is known to take his conquests back to the St David's Hotel in Cardiff, where the series is filmed.
A source told the newspaper: "David may not have the looks of Brad Pitt, but he is an absolute genius when it comes to impressing women, and he's having the time of his life.
"He spends a lot of time filming the show in Wales and let's just say there has been a lot of traffic through his apartment in Cardiff Bay. He takes women to St David's Hotel because it's quiet, luxurious and the staff love him there.
"But it has become a standing joke that you never know who David will walk through the door with next. Some of the staff have been having bets on whether it will be a blonde or a brunette."
Tennant has previously been linked to Sophia Myles, who played Madame de Pompadour in one episode of the show. He has also romanced Bethan Britton, who works in the BBC Wales contracts office, as well as Doctor Who director Jennie Fava.


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Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi, is a flagship hospital of the Apollo Hospitals Group, the largest hospital group in India with presence across India, Middle east and Africa. The hospital has more than 700 beds and is one of the most sought after medical destinations in Asia. The hospital, established in 1996, is in the heart of New Delhi and is spread over 15 acres of land. It was the first hospital to be accredited by JCI (Joint Commission International) in 2005 and has been reaccredited consecutively for four times since.
Gastric Band Treatment at Apollo Indraprastha - Highlights
- Robotic weight loss surgery options
- Dedicated Centre for Bariatric Surgery
- The Centre for Bariatric Surgery at Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals provides customised weight management and treatment plans. The team includes surgeons, nutritionists, counsellors, nurses, physical medicine and rehab experts who offer a holistic plan for pre-and post-surgery management


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quote:With Paul Martin announcing his resignation as Liberal leader, and party recriminations well underway, his closest advisers were indignant at suggestions they might be responsible for a campaign gone wrong.They've long blamed the Jean Chretien administration for the sponsorship scandal that dragged them down throughout their 25 months in office. Now, the news media and the RCMP are the latest additions to their black list.[...]But many within Liberal ranks feel no sympathy for those complaints, saying Martin's campaign was dysfunctional from the start.He hammered away on the Kyoto accord without putting forward a plan to meet its clean-air targets. He talked about national unity but offered no new ideas for bringing the country together.He used same-sex marriage and abortion to paint the Tories as rabid right-wingers - while conveniently ignoring the dozens of his own MPs who sided against his policy.
[ 24 January 2006: Message edited by: Hephaestion ]
quote:The Liberals are searching for scapegoats for their historic defeat in our recent federal election (historic in that it represented their second lowest share of the popular vote since 1867), but they seem to be looking everywhere but where they should be looking at each other or, better yet, in a mirror.
Also that a lot of these voters are from the city and a members of ethnic groups also leads me to believe that the average NDP booster here is colour blind, and has little understanding of how deep the multicultural image of Canada is associated with the Liberals for better or worse. So long as the NDP doesn't understand this, they will never get even token of support from minorities in this country.
Copyright 2001-2008 rabble.ca


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A hand-lacquered round Cocktail Tray, perfect for serving hot or cold drinks at home and to guests at parties. These trays have a beautiful reflective silver-leafed finish, finished in a bright duck egg.
Food can be served directly on the tray as an inventive way to present your favourite snacks.
D35cm x H4cm
Wipe clean with soapy water, polish with a household varnish to maintain high gloss shine.