text:
|Top newspapers in the United Kingdom
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|Top Fairtrade settlements: Fairtrade Cities
Coordinates: 56°27′51″N 2°58′13″W / 56.464167°N 2.970278°W
|Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Dèagh
|Scots: Dundee
|City of Discovery
Top: Tay Rail Bridge, Middle: RRS Discovery and City Centre, Bottom left: Magdalen Yard Bandstand, Bottom right: University of Dundee.
Dundee shown within Scotland
|26 sq mi (67 km2) [1]
|est. 141,937[2] (2006)
Metropolitan area -
est. 159,522[3] (2006)
|OS grid reference
|Council area
|Dundee City
|Lieutenancy area
|Sovereign state
|United Kingdom
|Post town
|Postcode district
|Dialling code
|EU Parliament
|UK Parliament
|Dundee East
|Dundee West
|Scottish Parliament
|Dundee East
|Dundee West
|North East Scotland
|List of places: UK • Scotland •
Dundee (pronounced /dʌnˈdiː/) (from the Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Dèagh) is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and, fully named as Dundee City, one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. It lies on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, which feeds into the North Sea.
Evidence suggests Dundee has been continuously occupied since the Mesolithic. The town developed into a burgh in Medieval times, and expanded rapidly in the 19th century largely due to the jute industry. This, along with its other major industries gave Dundee its epithet as the city of "jam, jute and journalism".
In mid-2006, the population of Dundee City was estimated to be 141,930, with a metropolitan population of 159,522. Dundee's recorded population reached a peak of 182,204 at the time of the 1971 census, but has since declined due to outward migration.
Today, Dundee is promoted as the City of Discovery, in honour of Dundee's history of scientific activities and of the RRS Discovery, Robert Falcon Scott's Antarctic exploration vessel, which was built in Dundee and is now berthed in the city harbour. Biomedical and technological industries have arrived since the 1980s, and the city now accounts for 10% of the United Kingdom's digital-entertainment industry. Dundee has two universities—the University of Dundee and the University of Abertay Dundee.
The name "Dundee" is made up of two parts: the celtic place-name element dùn, meaning fort; and a second, enigmatic element, which may derive from the gaelic "dèagh", meaning 'fire' or from "Tay".[4]
The area surrounding the modern city has been continuously occupied since the Mesolithic.[5] From the Iron Age, through to the early Medieval period, the area formed a demesne controlled from the Law Hill fort.[6]
The earldom of Dundee was granted by charter by King William to his younger brother, David (later Earl of Huntingdon) in the late 12th century.[7] The situation of the town and David's promotion of it as a trading centre, lead to a period of prosperity and growth.[6][8] The earldom was passed down to David's descendents amongst whom was John Balliol, the town becoming a Royal Burgh on the coronation of John as king in 1292.[6] Burghal status was revoked during the First War of Independence and subsequently renewed by charter from Robert the Bruce in 1327.[8]
The town suffered large scale destruction during the rough wooing of 1544 to 1551. In 1645, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, Dundee was again besieged, this time by the Royalist Marquess of Montrose.[9] The town was finally destroyed by Parliamentarian forces, led by George Monk in 1651.[8] The town became an early site of support for the Jacobite cause when John Graham of Claverhouse, 1st Viscount Dundee raised the Stuart standard on Dundee Law in 1689, earning him the nickname Bonnie Dundee.[10]
Dundee greatly expanded in size during the Industrial Revolution mainly because of the burgeoning British Empire trade, flax and then latterly the jute industry.[11] By the end of the 19th century, a majority of the city's workers were employed in its many jute mills and in related industries. Dundee's location on a major estuary allowed for the easy importation of jute from the Indian subcontinent as well as whale oil—needed for the processing of the jute—from the city's large whaling industry. The industry began to decline in the 20th century as it became cheaper to process the cloth on the Indian subcontinent. The city's last jute mill closed in the 1970s.
The city is also became known for smaller industries, notably the production of Keiller's marmalade,[12] and the publishing firm DC Thomson & Co., which was founded in the city in 1905 and remains the largest employer after the health and leisure industries.[13][14] Dundee was said to be built on the 'three Js': Jute, Jam and Journalism.
Dundee's maritime and shipbuilding industry was once a major economic force. At its height, 200 ships per year were built in there, including Robert Falcon Scott's Antarctic research vessel, the RRS Discovery. This ship is now on display at Discovery Point in the city.[15] A significant whaling industry was also based in Dundee, largely existing to supply the jute mills with whale oil. Whaling ceased in 1912 and shipbuilding ceased in 1981.[16]
The town was also the location of one of the worst rail disasters in British history, the Tay Bridge disaster. The first Tay rail bridge, was opened in 1879. It collapsed less than a year later during a storm, as a passenger train passed over it, resulting in the loss of 75 lives[17]
Dundee became a unitary council area in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994,[18] which gave it a single tier of local government control under the Dundee City Council. The city has two mottos—Latin: Dei Donum (English: Gift of God) and Prudentia et Candore (With Thought And Purity),[19] although usually only the latter is used for civic purposes. Dundee is represented in both the British House of Commons and in the Scottish Parliament. For elections to the European Parliament, Dundee is within the Scotland constituency.
Dundee is one of 32 council areas of Scotland,[18] represented by the Dundee City Council, a local authority composed of 29 elected councillors. Previously the city was a county of a city and later a district of the Tayside region. Council meetings take place in the City Chambers, which opened in 1933 and are located in City Square. The civic head and chair of the council is known as the Lord Provost, a position similar to that of mayor in other cities. The council executive is based in Tayside House, but the council, lead by Bruce Ewart, recently announced plans to demolish it in favour of new premises (Dundee House) on North Lindsay Street.[20]
Prior to 1996, Dundee was governed by the City of Dundee District Council. This was formed in 1975, implementing boundaries imposed in the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973. Under these boundaries, the Angus burgh and district of Monifieth, and the Perth electoral division of Longforgan (which included Invergowrie) were annexed to the county of the city of Dundee. In 1996, the Dundee City unitary authority was created following impementation of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994. This placed Monifieth and Invergowrie in the unitary authorities of Angus and Perth and Kinross, largely reinstating the pre-1975 county boundaries. Some controversy has ensued as a result of these boundary changes, with Dundee city councillors arguing for the return of Monifieth and Invergowrie in order to subsidise Dundee City Council Tax revenues.[21]
The council was controlled by a minority coalition of Labour and Liberal Democrats of 12 councillors, with the support of the Conservatives who had five. Although the Scottish National Party (SNP) was the largest party on the council, with 11 councillors.[22][23] Elections to the council are on a four year cycle, the most recent as of 2007 being on 3 May 2007. Previously, Councillors were elected from single-member wards by the first past the post system of election, although this changed in the 2007 election, due to the Local Governance (Scotland) Act 2004.[24] Eight new multi-member wards were introduced, each electing three or four councillors by single transferable vote, to produce a form of proportional representation. The 2007 election resulting in no single party having overall control, with 13 Scottish National Party, 10 Labour, 3 Conservatives, 2 Liberal Democrats, and 1 Independent Councillors. A March 2009 by election in the Maryfield ward changed the balance to 14 Scottish National Party, 9 Labour, 3 Conservatives, 2 Liberal Democrats, and 1 Independent Councillors.[25]
For elections to the British House of Commons at Westminster, the city area and portions of the Angus council area are divided in two constituencies.[26] The constituencies of Dundee East and Dundee West are as of 2007 represented by Stewart Hosie (Scottish National Party (SNP)) and James McGovern (Labour), respectively. For elections to the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood, the city area is divided between three constituencies. The Dundee East (Holyrood) constituency and the Dundee West (Holyrood) constituency are entirely within the city area. The Angus (Holyrood) constituency includes north-eastern and north-western portions of the city area.[26] All three constituencies are within the North East Scotland electoral region. as of 2007 Shona Robison (SNP) is the Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Dundee East constituency; Joe Fitzpatrick (SNP) is the current MSP for the Dundee West constituency and Andrew Welsh (SNP) is the current MSP for the Angus constituency.
Dundee is located on the north bank of the Firth of Tay and near the North Sea. The city surrounds the basalt plug of an extinct volcano, called Dundee Law or simply The Law (174 metres (571 ft)).[27] Dundee is Scotland's only south-facing city, giving it a claim to being Scotland's sunniest and warmest city.[28] Temperatures tend to be a couple of degrees higher than Aberdeen to the north or the coastal areas of Angus.[citation needed] Dundee suffers less severe winters than other parts of Scotland due to the close proximity to the North sea and the salt air and a range of protective hills at the back of the city, which are often snow covered while the city itself remains clear.[citation needed]
|Climate chart (explanation)
The city, being on a relatively small landspace, is the most densely populated area in Scotland after Glasgow and around fifth in the UK overall.[citation needed] It is characterised by tall tenements, mainly four storeys high, Victorian, and built from a honey or brown sandstone. The inner districts of the city, as well as some of the outer estates, are home to a number of multi storey tower blocks from the 1960s, although these have been gradually being demolished in recent years. The outer estates are among some of the poorest urban districts in the United Kingdom.[citation needed] To the east of the city area is the distinct but incorporated suburb of Broughty Ferry.
Dundee lies close to Perth (20 miles) and the southern Highlands to the west. St Andrews (14 miles) and north-east Fife are situated to the south, while the Sidlaw Hills, Angus Glens and the Glamis Castle are located to the north. Two of Scotland's most prestigious links golf courses, St Andrews and Carnoustie are located nearby.
Natives of Dundee are called Dundonians and are often recognisable by their distinctive dialect of Scots as well as their accent,[29] which most noticeably substitutes the monophthong /e/ in place of the diphthong /ai/. Dundee's population increased substantially with the urbanisation of the Industrial Revolution as did other British cities. The most significant influx occurred in the mid-1800s with the arrival of Irish workers fleeing from the Potato Famine and attracted by industrialisation.[30]
The city has also attracted immigrants from Italy, fleeing poverty and famine, and Poland, seeking refuge from the anti-Jewish pogroms in the 19th century, and later, World War II in the 20th. Today, Dundee has a sizeable ethnic minority population, and has the third highest Asian population (~3,500) in Scotland after Glasgow and Edinburgh.[31]
The city's universities draw a large number of students from abroad (mostly Irish and EU but with an increasing number from countries in the Far East), and students account for 14.2% of the population, the highest proportion of the four largest Scottish cities.[1]
Dundee is a regional employment and education centre, with over 300,000 persons within 30 minutes drive of the city centre and 700,000 people within one hour. Many people from North East Fife, Angus and Perth and Kinross commute to the city.[32] In 2006 the city itself had an economically active population of 76.7% of the working age population, about 20% of the working age population are full time students. The city sustains just under 95,000 jobs in around 4,000 companies. The number of jobs in the city has grown by around 10% since 1996. Recent and current investment levels in the city are at a record level. Since 1997 Dundee has been the focus of investment approaching an estimated £1 billion.[33]
Despite this economic growth the proportion of Dundee's population whose lives are affected by poverty and who are classed as socially excluded is second only to Glasgow. Median weekly earnings were £409 in February 2006, an increase of 33% since 1998, on a par with the Scottish median.[32] Unemployment in 2006 was around 3.8%, higher than the Scottish average of 2.6%, although the city has narrowed this disparity since 1996, when unemployment was 8.6% compared to a Scottish average of 6.1%. In 2000 the number of unemployed in the city fell to below 5,000 for the first time in over 25 years. Average house prices in Dundee more than doubled from 1990 to 2006, from an average of £42,475 to £102,025.[34] Total house sales in the city more than tripled from 1990 to 2004, from £115,915,391 to £376,999,716. House prices rose by over 15% between 2001–2002 and 2002–2003 and between 2005 and 2006 by 16.6%.[34]
The period following World War II was notable for the transformation of the city's economy. While jute still employed one-fifth of the working population, new industries were attracted and encouraged. NCR Corporation selected Dundee as the base of operations for the UK in late 1945,[35] primarily because of the lack of damage the city had sustained in the war, good transport links and high productivity from long hours of sunshine. Production started in the year before the official opening of the plant on 11 June 1947. A fortnight after the 10th anniversary of the plant (known locally amongst Dundonians as "The Cash"), the 250,000th cash machine was produced. By the 1960s, NCR had become the principal employer of the city producing cash registers, and later ATMs, at several of its Dundee plants. The firm, developed magnetic-strip readers for cash registers and produced early computers.[36] Astral, a Dundee-based firm that manufactured and sold refrigerators and spin dryers was merged into Morphy Richards and rapidly expanded to employ over 1,000 people.[37] The development in Dundee of a Michelin tyre-production facility helped to absorb the unemployment caused by the decline of the jute industry, particularly with the abolition of the jute control by the Board of Trade on 30 April 1969.[38]
Employment in Dundee changed dramatically during the 1980s with the loss of nearly 10,000 manufacturing jobs due to closure of the shipyards, cessation of carpet manufacturing and the disappearance of the jute trade. To combat growing unemployment and declining economic conditions, Dundee was declared an Enterprise Zone in January 1984. In 1983, the first Sinclair Sinclair ZX Spectrum home computers were produced in Dundee by Timex. In the same year the company broke production records, despite a sit-in by workers protesting job cuts and plans to demolish one of the factory buildings to make way for a supermarket. Timex closed its Dundee plant in 1993 following an acrimonious six month industrial dispute.[39] In January 2007, NCR announced its intention to cut 650 jobs at its Gourdie facility, and to turn the facility over for low volume production. However, following the global economic downturn of 2007-2009, the company closed the manufacturing facility completely in June 2009, with the loss of the remaining 120 jobs. The company has however pledged to retain R&D, sales and support functions in Dundee.
As in the rest of Scotland manufacturing industries are being gradually replaced by a mixed economy, although 13.5% of the workforce still work in the manufacturing sector, higher than the Scottish and UK average, and more than double that of Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen. The main new growth sectors have been software development and biotechnology along with retail. The city has a small financial, banking and insurance sector, employing 11% of the workforce.
In 2006, 29 companies employed 300 or more staff these include limited and private companies NCR Corporation, Michelin, Tesco, D. C. Thomson & Co, BT, SiTEL, Alliance Trust, Norwich Union, Royal Bank of Scotland, Asda, Strathtay Scottish, Tayside Contracts, Tokheim, Scottish Citylink, W H Brown Construction, C J Lang & Son, Joinery and Timber Creations, HBOS, Debenhams, Travel Dundee, WL Gore and Associates, In Practice Systems, The Wood Group, Simclar, Millipore Life Sciences, Alchemy (antibody technology), Cypex(manufacturers of recombinant drug metabolising enzymes, including cytochrome P450s, and in vitro drug metabolism specialists). Major employers in the public sector and non profit sector are NHS Tayside, the University of Dundee, Tayside Police, Dundee College, Tayside Fire Brigade, HM Revenue and Customs, University of Abertay Dundee and Wellcome Trust.
The largest employers in Dundee are the city council and the Health Service, which make up over 10% of the city's workforce. The biomedical and biotechnology sectors, including start-up biomedical companies arising from university research, employ just under 1,000 people directly and nearly 2,000 indirectly.[40] Information technology and software for computer games have been important industries in the city for more than twenty years. Rockstar North, developer of Lemmings and the Grand Theft Auto series was founded in Dundee as DMA Design by David Jones; an undergraduate of the University of Abertay Dundee.[41] David Jones is now the CEO of Realtime Worlds, which has recently (2007) released Crackdown for the Xbox 360, and is responsible for employing over 200 people of multi national origin, primarily in Dundee. Other game developing companies in Dundee include Denki, Ruffian Games, Dynamo Games, 4J Studios, Cohort Studios amongst others.
Dundee is responsible for 10% of Britain's digital entertainment industry, with an annual turnover of £100 million.[42] Outside of specialised fields of medicine, science and technology, the proportion of Dundonians employed in the manufacturing sector is higher than that found in the larger Scottish cities; nearly 12% of workers. Manufacturing income per head in Dundee was £19,700 in 1999, compared to £16,700 in Glasgow.[43] The insolvency rate for businesses in Dundee is lower than other Scottish cities, accounting for only 2.3% of all liquidations in Scotland, compared to 22% and 61.4% for Edinburgh and Glasgow respectively.[43]
The surrounding area is home to three major UK military bases, Condor (Royal Marines), Leuchars (RAF) which can cause sudden noise from aircraft exercises, and Barry (army and training).
The city is served by Ninewells Hospital—one of the largest and most up to date in Europe, as well as three other public hospitals: Kings Cross, Victoria, and Ashludie, and one private: Fernbrae. A recent addition to Ninewells Hospital is the Maggie's Centre building, which was designed by Frank Gehry officially opened by Sir Bob Geldof in 2007.
Dundee is Scotland's first Fibrecity.
Gardyne's Land, located at 71 High Street, is a collection of five unique and interesting historical buildings. The Merchant's House (part of the complex) is the oldest, built by John Gardyne around 1560. The house is recognised as Dundee's oldest house. All of the houses have been restored and converted into Dundee's first backpackers hostel.[44]
Dundee is served by the A90 road which connects the city to the M90 and Perth in the west, and Forfar and Aberdeen in the north. The part of the road that is in the city is a dual carriageway and forms the city's main bypass on its north side, known as the Kingsway, which can become very busy at rush hour. To the east, the A92 connects the city to Monifieth and Arbroath. The A92 also connects the city to the county of Fife on the south side of the Tay estuary via the Tay Road Bridge. The main southern route around the city is Riverside Drive and Riverside Avenue (the A991), that runs alongside the Tay from a junction with the A90 in the west, to the city centre where it joins the A92 at the bridge.
Dundee has an extensive public bus transport system, with the Seagate bus station serving as the city's main terminus for journeys out of town. Travel Dundee operates most of the intra-city services, with other more rural services operated by Stagecoach Strathtay. The city's two railway stations are the main Dundee (Tay Bridge) Station, which is situated near the waterfront and the much smaller Broughty Ferry Station, which is located to the eastern end of the city. These are complemented by the stations at Invergowrie, Balmossie and Monifieth. Passenger services at Dundee are provided by First ScotRail, CrossCountry and East Coast. There are no freight services that serve the city since the Freightliner terminal in Dundee was closed in the 1980s.
There are also many intercity bus services offered by Megabus, Citylink and National Express.
Dundee Airport offers commercial flights to London City Airport, Birmingham International Airport and Belfast City.[45] The airport is capable of serving small aircraft and is located 3 kilometres west of the city centre, adjacent to the River Tay. The nearest major international airport is Edinburgh Airport, 59.2 miles (95.3 km) to the south.
The nearest passenger seaport is Rosyth, about 35 miles (56 km) to the south on the Firth of Forth.
Schools in Dundee have a pupil enrollment of over 20,300.[46] There are thirty-seven primary state schools and nine secondary state schools in the city. Of these, eleven primary and two secondary schools serve the city's Catholic population; the remainder are non-denominational.[47][48] There is also one specialist school that caters for pupils with learning difficulties aged between five and eighteen from Dundee and the surrounding area.[49]
Dundee is home to one independent school, the High School of Dundee, which was founded in the 13th century by the Abbot and monks of Lindores Abbey.[50] The current building was designed by George Angus in a Greek Revival style and built in 1832-34.[51] Early students included Thomas Thomson and Hector Boece,[52] as well as the brothers James, John and Robert Wedderburn who were the authors of The Gude and Godlie Ballatis, one of the most important literary works of the Scottish Reformation.[citation needed] It was the earliest reformed school in Scotland, having adopted the new religion in 1554.[citation needed] According to Blind Harry's largely apocryphal work, William Wallace, was also educated in Dundee.
Dundee is home to two universities and a student population of approximately 17,000.[1]
The University of Dundee became an independent entity in 1967, after 70 years of being incorporated into the University of St Andrews during which time it was known initially as University College and latterly as Queen's College. Significant research in biomedical fields and oncology is carried out in the "College of Life Sciences".[53] The university also incorporates the Duncan of Jordanstone School of Art and Design and the teacher training college.
The University of Abertay Dundee was founded as Dundee Institute of Technology in 1888. It was granted university status in 1994 under the Further and Higher Education Act, 1992. The university is noted for its computing and creative technology courses, particularly in computer games technology.[54]
Dundee College is the city's umbrella further education college, which was established in 1985 as an institution of higher education and vocational training.
The Al-Maktoum Institute was established in Dundee in Blackness Road in 2001. It is a research-led institution of higher education which offers postgraduate programmes of study (taught Masters and MPhil/PhD research) in the study of Islam and Muslims and multiculturalism. It is an independent institution, with its degree programmes validated by the University of Aberdeen.
The Church of Scotland Presbytery of Dundee is responsible for overseeing the worship of 37 congregations in and around the Dundee area, 21 of which are in the city itself, with a further 5 in Broughty Ferry and Barnhill, although dwindling attendances have led to some of the churches becoming linked charges.[55] Due to their city centre location, the City Churches, Dundee Parish Church (St Mary's) and the Steeple Church, are the most prominent Church of Scotland buildings in Dundee. They are on the site of the medieval parish kirk of St Mary, of which only the 15th century west tower survives. The attached church was once the largest parish church in medieval Scotland.[citation needed] Dundee was unusual among Scottish medieval burghs in having two parish kirks; the second, dedicated to St Clement, has disappeared, but its site was approximately that of the present City Square.[citation needed]
In the Middle Ages Dundee was also the site of houses of the Dominicans (Blackfriars), and Franciscans (Greyfriars), and had a number of hospitals and chapels. These establishments were sacked during the Scottish Reformation, in the mid-16th century, and were reduced to burial grounds, now Barrack Street and Howff burial ground respectively.[8][56]
St. Paul's Cathedral is the seat of the Scottish Episcopal Diocese of Brechin. It is charged with overseeing the worship of 8 congregations in the city (9, including Broughty Ferry), as well as a further 17 in Angus, the Carse of Gowrie and parts of Aberdeenshire. The diocese is led by Bishop John Mantle.[57] St. Andrew's Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dunkeld, led by Bishop Vincent Paul Logan. The diocese is responsible for overseeing 15 congregations in Dundee and 37 in the surrounding area.[58]
There are Methodist,[59] Baptist,[60] Congregationalist,[61] and Pentacostalist[62] churches in the city, and non-mainstream Christian groups are also well represented, including the Salvation Army,[63] the Unitarians,[64] the Society of Friends,[65] the Jehovah's Witnesses,[66] Christadelphians,[67] and Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.[68]
Muslims are served by the Dundee Islamic Society Central Mosque in Brown Street built in 2000 to replace their former premises in Hilltown.[69] There are also smaller mosques at Victoria Road and Dura Street.[70]
A recorded Jewish community has existed in the city since the 19th century. There is a small Orthodox synagogue at Dudhope Park[71] was built in the 1960s,[72] with the Hebrew Burial Grounds located three miles (5 km) to the east.[73] Samye Dzong Dundee is a Buddhist Temple based in Reform Street.[74] There is also a Hindu mandir and Sikh gurdwara[75][76] that share a premises in Taylor's Lane situated in the West End of the city, and there is a second gurdwara in Victoria Road.[75]
Dundee is home to Scotland's only full-time repertory ensemble, established in the 1930s. One of its alumni, Hollywood actor Brian Cox is a native of the city.[77] The Dundee Repertory Theatre, built in 1982 is the base for Scottish Dance Theatre. Dundee's principal concert auditorium, the Caird Hall (named after its benefactor, the jute baron James Key Caird) regularly hosts the Royal Scottish National Orchestra. Various smaller venues host local and international musicians during Dundee's annual Jazz, Guitar and Blues Festivals. An art gallery and an art house cinema are located in Dundee Contemporary Arts, which opened in 1999 in the city's cultural quarter. McManus Galleries is a Gothic Revival-style building, located in Albert Square. It houses a museum and art gallery; exhibits include a collection of fine and decorative art, items from Dundee's history and natural history artefacts. Britain's only full-time public observatory, Mills Observatory is located at the summit of the city's Balgay Hill. Sensation Science Centre,[78] is a science center with over 80 exhibits based on the five senses. Verdant Works is a museum dedicated to the once dominant jute industry in Dundee and is based in a former jute mill. A new £27 million pound centre for art and design known as the "V&A at Dundee" is to be built south of Craig Harbour onto the River Tay for completion in 2014. The new museum may bring another 50,000 extra visitors to the city and create up to 900 jobs for the area.[79] The Dundee Mountain Film Festival, held in the last weekend of November, presents the best presenters and films of the year in mountaineering, mountain culture and adventure sport, along with an art and trade exhibition.[80]
Dundee is home to DC Thomson. Dundee has a strong literary heritage, with several authors having been born, lived or studied in the city. These include A. L. Kennedy, Rosamunde Pilcher, Kate Atkinson, Thomas Dick, Mary Shelley, Mick McCluskey and John Burnside. The Dundee International Book Prize is a biennial competition open to new authors, offering a prize of £10,000 and publication by Polygon Books. Past winners have included Andrew Murray Scott, Claire-Marie Watson and Malcolm Archibald. William McGonagall, regularly cited as the "worlds worst poet",[81] worked and wrote in the city, often giving performances of his work in pubs and bars. Many of his poems are about the city and events therein, such as his work The Tay Bridge Disaster. City of Recovery Press was founded in Dundee, and has become a controversial figure in documenting the darker side of the city.[82]
Popular music groups such as the 1970s soul-funk outfit Average White Band, the Associates,[83] the band Spare Snare,[84] Danny Wilson and the Indie rock bands The View and The Law hail from Dundee. The View's debut album went to number one in the UK charts in January 2007.[84] Ricky Ross of Deacon Blue and singer-songwriter KT Tunstall are former pupils of the High School of Dundee, although Tunstall is not a native of the city.[85] The Northern Irish indie rock band Snow Patrol was formed by students at the University of Dundee,[86] Brian Molko, lead singer of Placebo, grew up in the city.[87] At the end of June, Dundee hosts an annual blues festival known as the Dundee Blues Bonanza.[88]
Dundee is home to one of eleven BBC Scotland broadcasting centres, located within the Nethergate Centre.[89] STV North's Tayside news and advertising operations are based in the Seabraes area of the city, from where an STV News Tayside opt-out bulletin is broadcast within the nightly regional news programme, STV News at Six.
The city has three local radio stations. Radio Tay was launched on 17 October 1980.[90] The station split frequencies in January 1995 launching Tay FM for a younger audience and Tay AM playing classic hits. In 1999, Discovery 102 was launched, later to be renamed Wave 102.
Dundee has two professional football teams; Dundee and Dundee United who play at Dens Park and Tannadice Park, respectively.[91][92] Their stadiums are closer together than any senior football club pair in the UK.[93] Dundee is one of only three British cities to have produced two European Cup semi-finalists.[citation needed] Dundee lost to A.C. Milan in 1963[94] and Dundee United lost to A.S. Roma in 1984.[95] Dundee also reached the semi-finals of the forerunner to the UEFA Cup in 1968 and Dundee United were runners-up in the UEFA Cup in 1987.[96] There are also seven junior football teams in the area: Dundee North End, East Craigie, Lochee Harp, Lochee United, Dundee Violet, Broughty Athletic JFC and Downfield.[97]
Dundee is home to the Dundee CCS Stars ice hockey team which plays at Dundee Ice Arena.[98] The team participates in the Scottish National League (SNL) with the Dundee Tigers and the Northern League (NL) and in cup competitions. The city is also home to two rugby union team – Dundee High School Former Pupils rugby club who play in the First Division of the Scottish Hydro Electric Premiership and Morgan Academy Former Pupils which plays in the Third Division of the Scottish Hydro Electric Premiership. Furthermore, Harris Academy F.P.R.F.C, Panmure R.F.C. and Stobswell R.F.C. also operate in the city and participate in the Scottish Hydro Electric Caledonia League Division 2 (Midlands). Other clubs operating in the city include Menzieshill Hockey Club; Dundee Northern Lights floorball club and Dundee Hawkhill Harriers.
Dundee and the surrounding area is supplied with water by Scottish Water. Dundee, along with parts of Perthshire and Angus is supplied from Lintrathen and Backwater reservoirs in Glen Isla. Electricity distribution is by Scottish Hydro Electric plc, part of the Scottish and Southern Energy group.
Waste management is handled by Dundee City Council. There is a kerbside recycling scheme that currently serves 15,500 households in Dundee. Cans, glass and plastic bottles are collected on a weekly basis.[99] Compostable material and non-recyclable material are collected on alternate weeks.[100] Paper is collected for recycling on a four-weekly basis.[101]
Recycling centres and points are located at a number of locations in Dundee. Items accepted include, steel and aluminium cans, cardboard, paper, electrical equipment, engine oil, fridges and freezers, garden waste, gas bottles, glass, liquid food and drinks cartons, plastic bottles, plastic carrier bags, rubble, scrap metal, shoes and handbags, spectacles, textiles, tin foil, wood and yellow pages.[102] The Dundee City Council area currently has a recycling rate of 31%.[102]
Healthcare is supplied in the area by NHS Tayside. Ninewells Hospital, is the only hospital with an accident and emergency department in the area.[103] Primary Health Care in Dundee is supplied by a number of General Practices.[citation needed] Dundee, along with the rest of Scotland is served by the Scottish Ambulance Service.[104]
Law enforcement is provided by Tayside Police[105] and Dundee is served by Tayside Fire and Rescue Service.[106]
Dundee maintains cultural, economic and educational ties with six twin cities:[107]
In addition, the Scottish Episcopalian Diocese of Brechin (centred on St Paul's Cathedral in Dundee) is twinned with the diocese of Iowa, United States and the diocese of Swaziland.[108]
Dundee[1] is in North East Scotland and is Scotland's 4th city. The city is just over 800 years old. It is located on the north bank of the Firth of Tay, which flows out into the North Sea, on the East Coast.
Dundee Tourist Information & Orientation Centre is located at Discovery Quay on Riverside by the RRS Discovery.
Relative to other Scottish cities, Dundee's location is:
Historically, it is famous for the three J's. Jute, Jam and Journalism.
The people of Dundee, a.k.a. Dundonians, are generally friendly to outsiders. The student population is very high, about 1 in 7.
Dundonians have their own slang, a quick crash course strongly influenced by both Doric (from the North East) and Lowland Scots. Note that some of these are not necessarily restricted in use by Dundonians, rather Scots folks 'affen hae a wye o' spikin thit cin affa confuse ony English spikin fowk' [rather people from Scotland often speak in a manner which tends to confuse people who speak English]. Here's some examples:
Dundee has its own airport, with flights direct to London City Airport. CityJet operates the service, which are roughly £60 to £150 for one-way and £100 to £250 for a return. Bookings can be made through Air France and now offer worldwide connections usually routing from Dundee-London City-Paris then on to the final destination. Flybe operates Direct flights to Birmingham and Belfast City airports- Monday to Friday and Sunday. The flights are operated on behalf of Loganair and you can expect to pay around £35-£70 for single fares or around £80-£150 for a return. Also operated by Flybe starting in summer 2009 are direct flights to Jersey. Flybe also offers a connection service allowing passengers to book connecting flights from Dundee to many other UK and European destinations. Flights normally involve one change in Birmingham.
The nearest major international airports to Dundee are at Edinburgh - 60 mi (96km), or Aberdeen - 71 mi (114km). For Edinburgh airport, a combined train and bus service linking at Inverkeithing Railway costs £15 for a single and £22.60 for a period return. If you are flying into Glasgow-Prestwick half price railway travel into Dundee is available if you show your flight paperwork to the train guard - note you will have to change trains in the centre of Glasgow - walk from Central to Queen Street station - all Aberdeen trains call at Dundee.
Dundee's main railway station is located to the south of the city centre, close to Discovery Point and the ramps onto the Tay Road Bridge. Connections and timetables can be checked on-line. There are three train operators that operate into Dundee:
Dundee Seagate Bus Station, also located in the city centre serves National Express coaches, Scottish Citylink and Megabus. There are frequent services, almost every hour to Edinburgh and Glasgow. Be wary, if you take a non-direct Coach / Bus, your journey time may double to up to 2hrs !! Average cost for a single ticket is approx £8. Check before you travel.There is no luggage storage but for a small fee you can leave your bag or suitcase across the road at Parkys furniture and fancy goods stores.
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To get around Dundee, there are ample provisions for car transport. Taxis are available at taxi ranks near principal sites, such as Cathedral, Train Station, etc. The local bus service, Travel Dundee, has extensive intra-city connections - with the routes as of 2006 as follows:
|City Centre - St. Mary's / Craigowl
|City Circle
|9, 10, 11, 12
|Ferry Link
|Barnhill - Broughty Ferry - City Centre - Ninewells Hospital - Technology Park
|Whitfield Hopper
|15, 17
|Ninewells Hospital - City Centre - Whitfield
|Ninewells Hospital - City Centre - Downfield
|Discovery Line
|28, 29
|Douglas - City Centre - Lochee - Charleston
|Fintry Shuttle
|City Centre - Fintry
|City Centre - Dryburgh
|3, 4
|Dryburgh Circular
|7, 8
|City Centre - Broughty Ferry (Inner Circle)
|City Centre - Kirkton - Woodside
|36, 37
|Northern Circular
|City Centre - Liff Hospital - Fowlis
|City Centre - St Mary's
|Sainsbury's Free Shuttle Bus
All the local buses converge into the city centre and are relatively cheap. You can buy a 10 journey pass or an all day travel pass. Rural services are operated by Strathtay.
18.104.22.168 12:29, 31 January 2009 (EST)== Learn ==
The Overgate and the Wellgate are Dundee's two main shopping malls which sit at either end of the city centre. Each has various national and international brands such as H&M, Debenhams, Gap and Next in the Overgate and Head Entertainment (foremaly Zavvi), BHS and New Look.
In addition to this, there are substantial branches of High street stores along the Murraygate and city centre area.
Dundee also has the usual large-scale out of town retail parks that are common in Scotland's bigger towns and cities.
In recent years a cafe culture has flourished in Dundee City Center. There are plenty of places to eat from fast food take away to cafes and restaurants. You can't miss them.
If you are self-catering, then you can get your supplies from Tesco. There is a branch in the city centre, one next to the Railway Station by the river-side, one at the Stack Park, Lochee, one in South Road near Sterling Mills and another on the Kingsway (the main road running through Dundee). The latter of these is a large Tesco Extra superstore. There is a large ASDA at East Kingsway as well as a slightly smaller store at Gilburn Road. Both Riverside Tesco and Kingsway ASDA operate on a 24-hr basis. Morrisons supermarket is on the Forfar Road, north of the A90 Kingsway.
There is no shortage of pubs. If you want to do a pub crawl then head to the Hawkhill/Perth Road/West End of the city, where plenty of pubs line the streets, including a mixture of independent, themed and traditional bars.
The Nethergate is also a good place to go for plenty of bars that are popular with students. The city centre has fewer places that are worth going, although the Seagate has some nice bars, including outlets run by Wetherspoons. The student unions of Dundee and Abertay Universities have many good nights and are great for a cheap night out.
A gay scene, of sorts, is situated on the Seagate, including a nightclub called Out and its sister pub, Brooklyns, both of which are opposite the bus station. Also The Gauger is generally reknowned to be a gay bar.
City Centre
Hawkhill/Perth Road/West End
All the night clubs cluster around the city centre:
Dundee has a variety of hotels in the city centre, catering to all markets and tastes, including:
There are also various hotels around the outskirts of the city, including:
Cellular network coverage is provided by the normal UK carriers.
The local police is Tayside Police and the Headquarters is in the town centre at the end of West Bell St beside Dundee's Sheriff Court. Although in the UK, '999' is the number to call the emergency services, you may also want to take note of the direct phone number to the Tayside Police HQ : +448456005705. Dundee has an extensive CCTV system, covering most of the city and the entire city centre. This is owned by Dundee City Council and run by Tayside Police and has helped reduce crime significantly.
Dundee, like any other major city, has it's anti-social problems. Mainly drugs. The area round the rear of the Wellgate centre (Hilltown) has a bad reputation and care should be exercised on The Law at night. Overall the city has a good reputation.
Dundee has a Dual Carriageway going through it, the Kingsway, which almost splits the city in half. Be aware of speeding cars, as accidents are not uncommon, as in any other busy city.
The following is a list of established Christian churches in Dundee. Alongside the established churches in Dundee, Dundeeforchrist [33] works with many of the city's churches organizing many different events such as "Resurrection Day", with specially invited guests/bands.
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DUNDEE, a royal, municipal and police burgh, county of a. city, and seaport of Forfarshire, Scotland. Pop. (1891) 153,587; (1901) 161,173. It lies on the north shore of the Firth of Tay, 591 m. N. by E. of Edinburgh by the North British railway via the Forth and Tay bridges. The Caledonian railway finds access to the city by way of Perth, which is distant about 22 m. W. by S. The general disposition of the town is from east to west,. with a frontage on the water of 4 m. The area northwards that. has already been built over varies in depth from half a mile to nearly 22 m. (from Esplanade Station to King's Cross). The city rises gradually from the river to Dundee Law and Balgay Hill. Since the estuary to the E. of Tay bridge is 12 m. wide, and the commodious docks - in immediate contact with the river at all stages of the tide - are within 12 m. of the sea, the position of the city eminently adapts it to be the emporium of a vast. trade by land and sea. But its prosperity is due in a far greater measure to its manufactures of jute and linen - of which it is the chief seat in the United Kingdom - than to its shipping.
|Table of contents
The town-hall, built in 1734 from the. designs of Robert Adam, stands in High Street. It is surmounted by a steeple ,40 ft. high, carrying a good peal of bells, and beneath it is a piazza. The old Town Cross, a shaft 15 ft. high, bearing a unicorn with the date of 1586, once stood in High Street also, but was re-erected within the enclosure on the S.W. of Town Churches (see below). Albert Square, with statues of Robert Burns, George Kinloch, the first member for Dundee in the Reform Parliament (both by Sir John Steell), and James Carmichael (1776-1853), inventor of the fan-blast (by John Hutchison, R.S.A.), contains several good buildings, among them the Royal Exchange in Flemish Pointed (erected in 1853-1856), the Eastern Club-house, and the Albert Institute, founded in. memory of the prince consort. The last, built mainly from designs by Sir Gilbert Scott, is one of the most important edifices. in the city, since it embraces the art gallery, free library, reference library, museum and several halls. On the north side of the building is the seated figure, in bronze, of Queen Victoria, on a polished red granite pedestal containing bas-reliefs of episodes in Her Majesty's life, the work of Harry Bates, A.R.A. The custom house, near the docks, is in Classical style and dates from 1843. The Sheriff Court buildings and Police Chambers, a structure of Grecian design, with a bold portico, was erected in 1864-1865.. The halls used for great public meetings are the Volunteer Drill Hall in Parker Square, and Kinnaird Hall in Bank Street. Of the newer streets, Commercial, Reform, Whitehall, Bank and Lindsay contain many buildings of good design and the principal shops. In Bank Street are the offices of the Dundee Advertiser, the leading newspaper in the north-east of Scotland; and in Lindsay. Street the headquarters of the Dundee Courier. In Dock Street stands the Royal Arch, an effective structure, erected to commemorate the visit of Queen Victoria in 1844. Among places of amusement are the Theatre Royal, the People's Palace theatre, the Music Hall, the Circus and the Gymnasium. The cattle market and slaughter-houses, both on an extensive scale, are in the east end of the city, not far from Camperdown Dock. Dudhope Castle, once the seat of the Scrymgeours,. hereditary constables of the burgh - one of whom (Sir Alexander) was a companion-in-arms of Wallace, - was granted by James II. to John Graham of Claverhouse. On his death it reverted to the: crown, and at a later date was converted into barracks. When the new barracks at Dudhope Park were occupied, the Castle. was transformed into an industrial museum. Though Dundee was once a walled town, the only relic of its walls is the East Port, the preservation of which was due to the tradition that George Wishart preached from the top of it during the plague of 1544.
Of the many churches and chapels the most interesting is Town Churches - St Mary's, St Paul's and St Clement's, the three under one roof - surmounted by the noble square tower, 156 ft. high, called the Old Steeple, once the belfry of the church which was erected on this spot by David, earl of Huntingdon, as a thank-offering for his escape from shipwreck on the shoals at the mouth of the Tay (1193). The church perished, but the bell-tower remained and was restored in 1871-1873 by Sir Gilbert Scott. The fine Roman Catholic procathedral of St Andrew's is in Early English style, and St Paul's Episcopal church, in Decorated Gothic style, with a spire 211 ft. high, from designs by Sir Gilbert Scott, was due to the zeal of Bishop Forbes (1817-1875), who transferred the headquarters of the see of Brechin to Dundee. It occupies the site of the old castle. Memorial churches commemorate the work of Robert Murray McCheyne (1813-1843) and of George Gilfillan (1813-1878), long ministers in Dundee. John Glas (1695-1773), founder of the Glasites, ministered here from 1730 to 1733.
The ancient burying-ground in the centre of the city is called the Howff. It has long been closed, but contains several interesting monuments and epitaphs. Not far from it the New Cemetery was laid out in West Bell Street; to the east of Baxter Park lies the Eastern Cemetery; and the Western Cemetery was constructed in Perth Road. The most beautifully situated of all the burying-grounds, however, is the Western Necropolis, which occupies the western portion of the hill of Balgay. A bridge over the ravine connects it with Balgay Park.
On the N. of the city rises Dundee Law (571 ft.), the property of the Corporation, a prominent landmark, on the summit of which are traces of an old vitrified fort. The surrounding park covers 18 acres. Near the eastern boundary of the city lies Baxter Park, of 37 acres, presented to the town by Sir David Baxter (1793-1872), a leading manufacturer, and his sisters. It was laid out by Sir Joseph Paxton, and contains a statue of Sir David by Sir John Steell, erected by public subscription. In the west the finely wooded hill of Balgay was acquired in 1869 and 36 acres of the area were converted into a park. Immediately adjoining it on the north is Lochee Park, of 25 acres, given to the city in 1891 by Messrs Cox Brothers of Camperdown Works. In the extreme north lies the park of Fair Muir, of 12 acres, which was secured in 1890, and nearer to the heart of the town is Dudhope or Barrack Park, purchased in 1893. Near the north end of the Tay bridge is Magdalen Green, an old common of 17 acres, and along the shore, of the estuary there runs for a distance of 22 m. from Magdalen Point to beyond Craig Pier a promenade called the Esplanade.
University College in Nethergate, founded in 1880 by Miss Baxter of Balgavies (d. 1884) and Dr John Boyd Baxter, was opened in 1883, and united to the university of St Andrews in 1890. The affiliation was cancelled in 1895 owing to divergence of view in the governing body, but this was overcome and the college finally incorporated in 1897. The staff consists of a principal, professors and lecturers, and the curriculum, which may be taken by students of both sexes, is especially concerned with medicine and natural and applied science. The endowments exceed £ 250,000. Adjoining the buildings is the Technical Institute, built and endowed by Sir David Baxter and opened in 1888. In connexion with the high school, a building in the Doric style, dating from 1833, there is a museum which was endowed in 1880 by Mr William Harris. Morgan hospital, a structure in the Scots Baronial style, situated immediately to the north of Baxter Park, was founded in 1868 by John Morgan, a native of Dundee, for the board and education of a hundred boys, sons of indigent tradesmen, but was acquired by the school board and transformed into a secondary school. Besides a high school for girls and Roman Catholic and Episcopalian schools, there are numerous efficient and thoroughly equipped board schools.
One of the most conspicuous buildings in the city, occupying a prominent position in the centre, is the Royal Infirmary, a fine structure in the Tudor style. On the southern face of Balgay Hill stands the Royal Victoria hospital for incurables, opened in 1889. In addition to the maternity hospital and nurses' home, there are several institutions devoted to special afflictions and diseases - among them the Blind and the Deaf and Dumb institutions, the Royal asylum, the fever hospital at King's Cross, and, in the parish of Mains - beyond the municipal boundary - the Baldovan asylum for imbeciles, founded in 1854 by Sir John Ogilvy and said to be the earliest of its kind in Scotland, besides the smallpox and cholera hospital. The large Dundee hospital adjoins the poorhouse, and an epidemic hospital has been built in the Fair Muir district. One of the convalescent homes is situated at Broughty Ferry. Among other institutions are the Royal Orphan and the Wellburn Charitable institutions, the rescue home for females, the sailors' home and Lady Jane Ogilvy's orphanage in Mains.
Hector Boece, in his History and Croniklis of Scotland, thus quaintly writes of the manufactures of Dundee in the opening of the 16th century - "Dunde, the toun quhair we wer born; quhair mony virtewus and lauborius pepill ar in, making of claith." Jute is, par excellence, the industry of the city. Enormous quantities of the raw material - estimated at 300,000 tons a year - are imported directly from India in a fleet solely devoted to this trade, and many of the factories in Bengal are owned by Dundee merchants. Fabrics in jute range from the roughest sacking to carpets of almost Oriental beauty. Another staple industry is the linen manufacture, which is also one of the oldest, although it was not till the introduction of steam power that headway was made. Bell Mill, erected in 1806, was the first work of any importance, and the first power-loom factory dates from 1836. Now factories and mills are to be counted by the score, and the jute, hemp and flax manufactures alone employ about 50,000 hands, while the value of the combined annual output exceeds £6,000,000. Some of the works are planned on a colossal scale, and many of the buildings in respect of design and equipment are among the finest and most complete in the world. In the thriving quarter of Lochee are situated the Camperdown Linen Works, covering an immense area and employing more than 5000 hands. The chimney-stalk (282 ft. high), in the style of an Italian campanile, built of parti-coloured bricks with stone cornices, is a conspicuous feature. The chief textile products are drills, ducks, canvas (for which the British navy is the largest customer), ropes, sheetings, sackings and carpets. Dundee is also celebrated for its confectionery and preserves, especially marmalade. Among other prominent industries are bleaching and dyeing, engineering, shipbuilding, tanning, the making of boots and shoes and other goods in leather, foundries, breweries, corn and flour mills, and the construction of motor-cars.
By reason of its excellent docking facilities Dundee can cope with a shipping trade of the largest proportions. On the front wharves and harbour works extend for 2 m., and the docks cover an area of 351 acres, made up thus - Earl Grey Dock, 54 acres; King William IV. Dock, 64 acres; Tidal Harbour, 44 acres; Victoria Dock, 104 acres; Camperdown Dock, 8 acres. There are, besides, graving docks, the Ferry harbour and timber ponds. The warehouses are capacious and the ample quays equipped with steam cranes and other modern appliances. In 1898 there entered and cleared 2914 vessels of 1,390,331 tons; in 1904 the numbers were 2428 vessels of 1,227,429 tons. At the close of 1904 the registered shipping of the port was 131 vessels of 109,885 tons. Dundee is the seat of the Arctic fishery, once an important and lucrative business, but now shrunk to the most meagre dimensions in consequence of the increasing scarcity of whales and seals. There is regular communication by steamer with London, Hull, Newcastle, Liverpool and Leith, besides Rotterdam, Hamburg and other continental ports. Of the local excursions the two hours' run to Perth is the favourite summer trip.
Dundee returns two members to parliament. The city council consists of the lord provost, bailies and councillors. The corporation owns the gas and water supplies (the latter drawn from the loch of Lintrathen, 18 m. to the N.W.) and the electric tramcars.
There appears to be some doubt as to the origin of the name of Dundee. It is extravagant to trace it to the Latin Donum Dei, " the gift of God," as some have done, or the Celtic Dun Dhia, " the hill of God." More probably it is the Gaelic Dun Taw, " the fort of the Tay," of which the Latin Taodunum is a transliteration - the derivation pointing to the fact of a Pictish settlement on the site. The earliest authentic mention of the city is in a deed of gift by David, earl of Huntingdon, younger brother of William the Lion, dated about 1200, in which it is designated as "Dunde." Shortly afterwards it was erected into a royal burgh by William the Lion. When Edward I. visited it, however, as he did twice (in 1296 and 1303) with hostile intent, he is said to have removed its charter. Consequently Robert Bruce and successive kings confirmed its privileges and rights, and Charles I. finally granted it its great charter. Dundee played a prominent part in the War of Scottish Independence. Here Wallace finished his education, and here he slew young Selby, son of the English constable, in 1291, for which deed he was outlawed. In that year the town fell into the hands of the English, and it was whilst engaged in besieging the castle in 1297 that Wallace withdrew to fight the battle of Stirling Bridge. In their incursion into Scotland under John of Gaunt the English captured and partially destroyed the town in 1385, but retreated to meet a counter-invasion of their own country. The English seized it again for a brief space during one of the ist earl of Hertford's devastating raids in the reign of Edward VI. Dundee bore such a prominent part in propagating the Reformed doctrines that it was styled "the Scottish Geneva." It saw more trouble at the time of the Civil War, for the marquess of Montrose sacked it in 1645, and then gave a considerable portion of it to the flames. Charles II. spent a few days in the castle after his crowning at Scone (January ist, 1651). In the same year General Monk demanded the submission of the town to Cromwell, and on its refusal captured it after an obstinate resistance and visited it with condign punishment. More than one-sixth of the inhabitants and garrison, including its governor Lumsden, were put to the sword, and no fewer than 60 vessels were seized and filled with plunder; but the ships, says Gumble in his Life of Monk, " were cast away within sight of the town and that great wealth perished." In 1684 John Graham of Claverhouse - whose family derived its name from the lands of Claverhouse in the parish of Mains immediately to the north of the town - became constable, and in 1688 provost. In the same year James II. created him Viscount Dundee. Thenceforward the annals of the town cease to touch national history, save at very rare intervals. The greatest local disaster of modern times was the destruction of the first Tay bridge (see TAY).
Many interesting old documents have been preserved in the Town House, such as certain characteristic despatches from Edward I. and Edward II., the original charter of Robert Bruce, dated 1327, a papal order from Leo X., and a letter from Queen Mary, dated 1564, providing for extra-mural interments. It may be mentioned that to describe Claverhouse himself as "bonnie Dundee" is a modern invention, the old song from which Sir Walter Scott borrowed a hint for his refrain referring solely to the town.
Since the middle and particularly during the last quarter of the 19th century many of the more unsightly districts have been demolished. In the process several picturesque but insanitary buildings, narrow winding streets and unsavoury closes disappeared, along with a few structures of more or less historic interest, like the castle, the mint and numerous convents. The wholesale clearances, however, improved both the public health and the appearance of the city, some of the new thoroughfares vieing with the finest business streets of the largest commercial centres in the United Kingdom. Queen Victoria granted a charter to Dundee, dated the 25th of January 1889, erecting it to the status of a city, and since 1892 its chief magistrate has been styled lord provost.
Among men more or less eminent who were born in Dundee may be named Hector Boece (1465-1536), the historian; George Dempster of Dunnichen (1732-1818), the agriculturist, a former owner of Skibo; Thomas Dick (1774-1857), the author of The Christian Philosopher; Admiral Lord Duncan (1731-1804); Viscount Dundee (1643-1689); James Halyburton (1518-1589), the Scottish Reformer, who was provost of the town for thirty-three years; Sir James Ivory (1765-1842), the mathematician, who bequeathed his science library to the town, and his nephew Lord Ivory (1792-1866), the judge; Sir George Mackenzie (1636-1691), the celebrated lawyer; Sir Alexander Scrymgeour (d. 1310), Wallace's standard-bearer, and many of the Scrymgeours, his successors, who were constables of the town; James (1495-1553), John (1500-1556) and Robert Wedderburn (1510-1557), the poets, who were all concerned in the authorship or collection of the book of Gude and Godlie Ballatis published in 1578; Sir John Wedderburn (1599-1679), the physician; and Sir Peter Wedderburn(1616 - r 679), the judge. Many well-known persons lived for longer or shorter periods in the town. James Chalmers (1782-1853), the inventor of the adhesive postage stamp (1834), was a bookseller in Castle Street. George Constable of Wallace Craigie, the prototype of Jonathan Oldbuck in Sir Walter Scott's Antiquary, had a residence in the east end of Seagate, the house standing until about 1820. Thomas Hood's father was a native and the poet spent part of his youth in the town, his first literary effort appearing in the Dundee Advertiser about 1816. James Bowman Lindsay (1799-1862), electrician and philologist, carried on his experiments for many years in Dundee, where he died. Robert Nicoll (1814-1837), the poet, kept a circulating library in Castle Street; and William Thom (1798-1848), the writer of The Rhymes of a Handloom Weaver, was buried in the Western Cemetery.
Close to the municipal boundaries on the N.W. lies Benvie, where John Playfair (1748-1819), the mathematician, was born, and which has a mineral well that once enjoyed considerable repute. Camperdown House, the seat of the earl of Camperdown, a fine building of Greek design, standing in beautiful grounds, is situated in the parish. Fowlis, 5 m. N.W., is remarkable for its church, which dates from the 15th century, but has even been assigned to the 12th. It contains a carved ambry and rood-screen (with a curious representation of the Crucifixion), decorated font, crocketed door canopy and several pictures. The ruined castle adjoining the church ultimately became a dwelling for labourers. The Dell of Balruddery is rich in geological and botanical specimens. Lundie, 3 m. farther out in the same direction, contains several lakelets, and its kirkyard is the burial-place of the earls of Camperdown. Tealing, 4 m. N. of Dundee, was the scene of the ministry of John Glas before he was deposed for heresy.
David Barrie, The City of Dundee Illustrated (Dundee, 1890); Alexander Maxwell, Old Dundee (Dundee, 1891); A. C. Lamb, Dundee: its Quaint and Historic Buildings (Dundee, 1895); A. H. Millar, Roll of Eminent Burgesses of Dundee (Dundee, 1887).
Categories: DRO-DZU
Dundee is a city on the east coast of Scotland where the River Tay flows into the North Sea. It is the fourth largest city in Scotland. Dundee has a population of 143,090 people. It was famous as the city of "Jute, jam, and journalism", because jute and jam were made there, and several newspapers were printed in the city.
There are two universities in Dundee. They are called the University of Dundee and the University of Abertay Dundee.
It also is home to two professional football teams. Dundee F.C., who play in the Scottish First Division and Dundee United F.C., who play in the Scottish Premier League. Unusually, their stadiums (Dens Park and Tannadice) are very close together, in the same street.[1]


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Jai Malhar Fame Atul Abhyankar Passes Away
Atul gained fame from the serial "Jai Malhar" in which he played the role of Pradhan.
He recently received Zee Marathi award 2012 as best male character for his role in Jai Malhar. He was also known for his roles in Mi Nathuram Godse Boltoy, Aai Ritayar Hotey, Sare Pravasee Ghadeeche, Keshava Madhava on stage.
His last rites will be performed at Shivaji Park crematorium on Wednesday at 3:30 pm.
May his soul Rest In Peace.
Jai Malhar Fame Atul Abhyankar Passes Away Reviewed by Marathi Celebs on November 12, 2014 Rating:

subset: commoncrawl


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Fuzzy Times in Fractalville
My apologies to jamfancy, Funny Bunny and tibiloo, but I found this online vignette was just too precious not to share it with the loyal, die-hard, though thick and thin, grassroots supporters of Orbit Trap -- the greatest thing since sliced Mandelbrot. (That's a joke on the German word for "bread").
Want a link to the original? -- go find it yourself!
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Currently Owned Fanlistings« Go back
Here you can view all the fanlistings that I currently own. All of the listings here are listed at The Fanlisting Network and
The Namelisting Network. If you find a subject that you are a fan of, don't hesistate to join!
Showing fanlistings under the Musicians: Male category...
The Luis Fonsi fanlisting
Category: Musicians: Male
Opened: March 27th, 2005
Updated: December 06th, 2018
148 (+0) members


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Electronics is the branch of physics that deals with the emission and effects of electrons and with the use of electronic devices
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Greece Experiences Massive Bible Outreach1 Comment Published by Office 2 September 6th, 2010 in A Call To Action, Bible, Christian Church Issues, Courage, Events & Ministries, Family, Miraculous Testimonies
by Nico Bougas : Aug 5, 2010 : ASSIST News
"This is a country that has never had a reformation or a revival. It has never held any mass evangelistic campaigns. So in the context of Greece's history, to spread 60,000 copies of God's Word in one week can only be described as momentous and even seismic. We can imagine contemporary Spartans echoing the words of their Grecian predecessors, 'These that have turned the world upside down have come here also.'" (Acts 17.6)
(Sparta, Greece)—The name conjures up visions of fearless soldiers charging into battle without thought of life or limb. The bravery and courage of ancient Spartans is legendary. The word spartan has even crept into the English language to describe the conditions that are at the opposite extreme from comfortable and luxurious.
For the past week Sparta has been the epicenter of a missionary outreach that has reached and touched thousands of homes as a team of 180 from countries as diverse as Canada, Romania, Italy, South Africa, Germany, Holland, the USA and Albania. In all 60,000 households received a copy of the New Testament in contemporary Greek as part of a project called Operation Joshua. One participant described it as a "Tsunami of blessing" as energetic teams using some 50 cars, criss-crossing the sparse and mountainous region. They have gone to over 800 villages in some of the remotest areas of Greece bringing the message of life.
How does this project compare with other evangelistic efforts? In a word, "historic". In a country where there are less than 20,000 people recognized as evangelical Believers, this was truly a significant event. This is a country that has never had a reformation or a revival. It has never held any mass evangelistic campaigns. So in the context of Greece's history, to spread 60,000 copies of God's Word in one week can only be described as momentous and even seismic. We can imagine contemporary Spartans echoing the words of their Grecian predecessors, "These that have turned the world upside down have come here also." (Acts 17.6)
Despite the fact that the New Testament was originally written in Greek, very few modern day Greeks can understand the 2,000 year old version. Very few Greeks actually own a Bible because there is no point having a book they can't understand. If they do own one it is regarded as an ornament or a good luck charm.
Heeding the words of Psalm 119:130, "The entrance of Your Word brings light, it brings understanding to the simple." Johnathan Macris, the President of Hellenic Ministries launched an ambitious project to distribute one million copies of the New Testament throughout Greece over the next few years. Hellenic Ministries is "a mission to Greece and the nations," established by Johnathan's parents, Kostas and Alky Macris in 1980. They were previously missionaries to Iryan Jaya for 16 years. Kostas then contracted a series of tropical diseases which the doctors regarded as terminal and he was sent home to die. But God spared him for another 25 years during which time he started what was then known as the Hellenic Missionary Union. As Greece does not acknowledge the need for any missionaries the name was subsequently changed to Hellenic Ministries.
The mission gained wide publicity when Kostas, along with two YWAM missionaries, Don Stephens and Alan Williams were arrested for proselytizing. The incident occurred when a 16 year old boy visited the YWAM ship, Anastasis, together with his father and was given a New Testament in Greek. His estranged mother, a well-known vocal atheist, immediately protested and took the trio to court. Under Greek law it was illegal to pass out any religious literature to any young person under the age of 18 and the three men were each sentenced to three and a half years imprisonment.
There was a worldwide outcry; thousands of people were praying, and protests poured into the Greek government. Greece was in the process of entering the European Common Market so such religious intolerance did not sit well with the authorities. Subsequently the sentences were overthrown. But Greece became the focus of worldwide attention from the Christian community and Hellenic Ministries was well and truly on the map.
25 years later Hellenic Ministries is at the forefront of evangelistic efforts to reach the population of Greece. Whilst 95% of the population profess to believe in God and 97% are members of the state church. It is estimated that less than 0.2% of the population would lay any claim to being born-again evangelicals. The challenge is immense but the visionary President of Hellenic Ministries is confident that the tide is turning, "God's time for Greece is here. We are planning on significant growth and the planting of churches all over Greece. More than that as revival comes to Greece we believe it will overflow to the surrounding Muslim lands bringing life and hope to millions who have never heard of Jesus."
1 Response to "Greece Experiences Massive Bible Outreach"
Sep 17th, 2010 at 7:25 pm
Music to my ears as I read this amazing outreach. The Lord is speaking but we are not tuned in. A bit like owning a radio and moving the tuning button to get clear reception. Please don't say God is not speaking, keep tuning the dial till you hear, and if it sounds ridiculous it is probably God. Just don't stop reaching out, the day of salvation is today.
When people say are you starting a church, I say no I am adding to what the lord has started. Where two or three are gathered share your life, your testimony and your hospitality. While thousands as in the above story is good it might be like reading an amazing adventure belonging to someone else. Start your own amazing adventure – people are waiting to know how to become a christian, just be yourself and ask the question, 'would you like to make your peace with God?'
Let God take care of the rest, if it is your purpose to lead someone to the Lord on a daily basis, God will provide the contact.
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Cumin (Jeera) Powder
Availability: In Stock
An intensely strong flavour and grows abundantly in mild, equable climatic conditions where rich, well drained sandy loamy soil is available. Cumin's distinctive warm flavour is unique and makes a valuable contribution to many savoury dishes.
How to use Cumin (Jeera) Powder
The powdered spice is simply added to cooking, it is a vital flavouring Indian food with the majority of dishes containing the spice. When using cumin you should use it in moderation as it has a powerful flavour which can over power a dish. The cumin is an important ingredient of commercial Indian curry powder. It can be used to flavour soups, curries, Tex Mex dishes such as chilli con carne and BBQ cooking. Indian cumin finds worldwide use in foods, beverages, liquors medicines, toiletries, and perfumery.
Allergen Information
- Suitable for vegetarians
Storage Information
- Store in cool dry place and air tight container


text: Client Testimonials Our client treatment testimonials and success stories We value our residents and take pride in providing a great place where they can recover and enjoy a life free from addiction. This is what our clients who graduated from our drug and alcohol treatment facility are saying about us. If you like to share your experience with us, please use the "create your own review" button below to write your own testimonials. Thank you for your support! We are also on Yelp! The most important thing I can say is…"Thank You, Path to Serenity". My life was going nowhere fast as each day passed. My body was giving out on me and my mind was constantly frantic as I tried to deal with all the problems that kept happening to me. Now, it's totally different. I feel like I have a chance to live my own life…a life free from alcohol. Once again, "Thank You, Path to Serenity!" Joey D., Recovering Alcoholic Sometimes it's hard to believe that I'm getting to start over. I prayer for chance at a new life. For me, every day was worst than the last day and it just wasn't stopping. You see, I tried stopping but I just couldn't no matter what I did. I tried this and then tried that but nothing worked til I made the call to Path to Serenity. Now, I'm almost 6 months clean and it all started at Path to Serenity. Sam S., Heroin Addict I was scared to make the call but I knew I needed to get help. I just couldn't keep doing what I was doing. Thanks to the team at Path to Serenity guiding me into recovery one day at a time, I now have 90 Days! Sam J. , Recovery Heroin Addict I didn't think I could stop. I didn't know where to go either. I called Path to Serenity and they immediately got me help and into their program in the same day. That day has changed my life….Thank You, Path to Serenity! Jerry W. , Recovering Meth User Find Your Path to Serenity Get The Help You Need Now


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Basketball legend ,Kobe Bryant Kobe Bryant received some backlash on twitter for taking home an Oscar for Best Animated Short film 'Dear basketball' at Sunday's 90th Annual Academy Awards amid ongoing references to the #MeToo and 'Time's Up' movement - which have been taking place in awards shows...
As social media users were quick to remind the world that he was accused of rape in 2003. The former Los Angeles Lakers shooting guard was accused of rape in 2003 by a lady who was 19 at the time ,Kobe admitted to having sexual encounter with her but insisted it was consensual.
According to Dailymail;
Documents reported to be related to the case were published by The Smoking Gun. Those documents include what is held out to be a 32-page transcript of the woman's account of what happened that night, and what the website called a 57-page transcript of Bryant's interview with Eagle County investigators.
The incident that gave rise to the criminal charge, and later the civil lawsuit and its settlement, occurred on June 30, 2003 at the Lodge and Spa at Cordillera, in Edwards, Colorado.
The woman worked at the front desk at the mountain resort, where Bryant admitted to having sex with the woman, who was then 19.
Bryant, who was married with a daughter at the time, claimed the sexual encounter was consensual.
The next day, the woman reported a rape to the police in Eagle County, Colorad


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Low Lustre/White light riot/ The alarmists at the varsity
What a 3 band set!!!!! All three bands are in line to breakthrough the local scene into the national scene and possibly Europe. Low Lustre reminded steve and I of Dinosour Jr., White Light Riot a little hopefulls/ok go with more rock, and the alarmists a little nine black alps. All three bands were awesome. I've never been to a show where the music is great from 930 to 1AM. And another first blood was covering the intire side of the lead singer from White Light Riot's face after 4 songs in. Just threw a towl on it and kept jammin. Great energy from all the bands!!!!!! Walking back stage was a fun time seeing all the skelotons upstairs and walking on the roof top of the varsity. More pics at my flickr site here. And a better review on my buddy steve's blog here. Cheers -Brody


text: This was an Electrical Standards & Guidelines handbook for ITC's various facilities. It is predominantly blue in order to cue the nature of its subject—electricity. It also follows a tab format and spiral bound with a plastic laminated cover. Inside, the various aspects of maintaining electrical safety are mentioned in neat, carefully outlined sections.


text: I really can't believe that it is already the end of 2015! Once again, this year has flown by! This time of year is when most of us take the time to reflect on the year before and set our goals for the New Year. Most of us are pretty good at setting our goals, […]CONTINUE READING


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From: Deadpool
Long before Ryan Reynolds redeemed himself, Nolan North had to bring the "Merc with a Mouth" to life in the Deadpool video game. As with the comic, the game had a lot of fourth wall breaking moments such as Deadpool working on the script of his own video game.
Credit: Photo and caption by Stan Rezaee
Gaming In Vision is a special column that looks at screen shoots that are either brilliant or captures a key moment in the game


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Back to Journals » OncoTargets and Therapy » Volume 10
Prognostic implications of Kindlin proteins in human osteosarcoma
Authors Ning K, Zhang H, Wang Z, Li K
Received 22 October 2016
Accepted for publication 21 November 2016
Published 7 February 2017 Volume 2017:10 Pages 657—665
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/OTT.S125418
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single-blind
Peer reviewers approved by Dr Akshita Wason
Peer reviewer comments 3
Editor who approved publication: Dr Ingrid Espinoza
Kai Ning,* Haoshaqiang Zhang,* Zhigang Wang, Kun Li
Department of Orthopedics Surgery Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, People's Republic of China
*These authors contributed equally to this work
Abstract: The Kindlin protein family, comprising Kindlin-1, Kindlin-2 and Kindlin-3, play important roles in various human cancers. Here, to explore the clinical significance of Kindlins in human osteosarcomas, quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were performed to detect the expression of Kindlin-1, Kindlin-2 and Kindlin-3 mRNAs and proteins in 20 self-pairs of osteosarcoma and adjacent noncancerous tissues. Then, immunohistochemistry was performed to examine subcellular localizations and expression patterns of Kindlin proteins in 100 osteosarcoma and matched adjacent noncancerous tissues. Kindlin-1, Kindlin-2 and Kindlin-3 protein immunostainings were localized in the cytoplasm, nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively, of tumor cells in primary osteosarcoma tissues. Statistically, the expression levels of Kindlin-1 and Kindlin-2 mRNAs and proteins in osteosarcoma tissues were all significantly higher (both P<0.01), but those of Kindlin-3 mRNA and protein were both dramatically lower (both P<0.05), than in matched adjacent noncancerous tissues. In addition, the overexpressions of Kindlin-1 and Kindlin-2 proteins were both significantly associated with high tumor grade (both P=0.01), presence of metastasis (both P=0.006), recurrence (both P=0.006) and poor response to chemotherapy (both P=0.02). Moreover, Kindlin-1 and Kindlin-2 expressions were both identified as independent prognostic factors for overall (both P=0.01) and disease-free (P=0.02 and 0.01, respectively) survivals of osteosarcoma patients. However, no associations were observed between Kindlin-3 expression and various clinicopathologic features and patients' prognosis. In conclusion, aberrant expression of Kindlin-1 and Kindlin-2 may function as reliable markers for progression and prognosis in osteosarcoma patients, especially for tumor recurrence.
Keywords: osteosarcoma, Kindlin protein family, clinicopathologic feature, overall survival, disease-free survival
This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.Download Article [PDF] View Full Text [HTML][Machine readable]


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19th May 2016
Tizzy & El-A-Kru returned to Antigua and Barbuda recently after successful performances at the Caribbean Music Festival in the Chinese capital of Beijing. They were included in diverse group of musicians selected from the Caribbean to represent their country at the Latin America and Caribbean Music Festival. Other nations represented included Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Panama, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago.
The free festival staged at the Rose Bud, 798 Art Zone in the Chinese capital was organized to promote cultural cooperation and create opportunities for enhanced exchanges between China and the Caribbean.
Performers also included Jamaica's award-winning reggae singer Everton Blender, Barbadian Billboard-charting soca artiste Rupee, Trinidadian soca diva Lil Bitts, Surinamese singer Mitchell Brunings who rose to fame on The Voice Holland and 11 other bands from 15 Caribbean and Latin countries, offering fans multiple reggae, soca, rock and folk music performances.
The festival took place over 4 days from April 30 until May 3. Apart from the Rose Bud, 798 Art Zone, there were also performances at various venues throughout Beijing including the Beihang University and Modernsky Lab. International flights and hotel accommodations were provided to the groups selected by the organizers in China.
According to Caribbean Entertainment (CE), the artist booking agency that provided the festival's featured performers, "the music festival provided not only opportunities for cultural exchange but a stage for our artists to showcase their amazing talent to a virtually untapped market." Trinidad and Tobago Ambassador to China Chandradath Singh said, "China has a big appetite for foreign acts in a big way."
"I like the feeling the music gives me. I could be here for half a day and not feel like leaving, it makes me feel like I want to get on the stage." said Luo Lifang, 26, from Guizhou Province, who works in Beijing's finance sector. Li said that although it was her first time to listen to Caribbean music, and she didn't quite understand the lyrics, she enjoyed the show. Sheree Wilson, a Jamaican who lives in Beijing, said the event had her reminisce about home. "I really enjoy the music festival. It reminds me of home," she said. "It's great seeing the Caribbean culture being showcased in China."
"It is always an honour to represent our country internationally, we've been to Europe a few times now and will be going back again this year, but this was our first time in Asia" said Tizzy of her experience, "the reaction of the crowd was unbelievable. We would have never imagined it in our wildest dreams." Tizzy and El-A-Kru have recently released two new tracks for Antigua's Carnival with more new songs to come.
Organized by the Ministry of Culture of China, presented by China Arts and Entertainment Group, in collaboration with the embassies of the Bahamas, Barbados, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago, the music festival is also part of the China-Latin America and Caribbean Year of Culture Exchange.
Proposed by President Xi Jinping at the China-Latin American and Caribbean Countries Leaders' Meeting in Brasilia in July 2014, Year 2016 marks the China-Latin America and Caribbean Year of Cultural Exchange.


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Two-Way Flexure of Steel-Deck-Reinforced Slabsby Charles R. Kubic, Lt.; CEC, United States Navy; formerly, Grad. Student in Civ. Engrg., Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, Pa.,
J. Hartley Daniels, (M.ASCE), Prof.; Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, Pa.,
Serial Information: Journal of the Structural Division, 1979, Vol. 105, Issue 6, Pg. 1039-1054
Document Type: Journal Paper
An elastically orthotropic finite element model with uniform thickness is developed that simulates the behavior of a structurally orthotropic steel-deck-reinforced concrete slab. The elastically orthotropic model accurately predicts the uncracked behavior of previously tested steel-deck-reinforced concrete slabs. The linear, elastic, uncracked behavior of a single panel of a typical steel-deck-reinforced concrete slab is examined for simply supported and fixed boundaries. Deflections and bending moments for two-way flexural action are compared with similar values for one-way bending. An expression is proposed for computing the optimum aspect ratio for a given orthotropic steel-deck-reinforced concrete slab. This study indicates that it is feasible to consider two-way action in the design of steel-deck-reinforced concrete slabs.
Subject Headings: Concrete slabs | Orthotropic materials | Elastic analysis | Decks | Steel | Slabs | Finite element method | Structural behavior
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Bullet rings
Adi Zaffran Weisler (4th year student at Bezalel academy of art and design in Jerusalem) made rings from used bullets shells that he found at a firing range in Tel Aviv by putting the bullets on a simple copper shank. Zaffran tries to find beauty in the scary reality of shootings and war.
The Gun Reclamation ProjectThe Gun Reclamation Project inspired Ken Leung and Dana Chin of B-Side Jewelry to make jewels from parts of firearms (triggers, firing pins, recoil lugs) recast as symbols of nonviolence: "We believe that art in all forms can tell a story. Sculpture and in particular jewelry have long been vessels of showcasing wealth and social standing, our vision is to create work that is a vessel for a deeper form of expression. Our pieces and subject matters are intended to connect with viewers on an emotional level as well as an aesthetic one. We strive to tell a story of beauty with a message – conscious sculpture". A portion of the proceeds from each sale help fund the New York City Gun Buy-Back Program. The jewels are made from parts of these returned guns. Does it get any better? Although pretty abstract, you have to be cool to wear broken guns like this.
Ted Noten's Superbitch bag The Superbitch Bag; a gun casted in acrylic with a snake skin handle by Ted Noten, The Netherlands' greatest jewellery designer. Violence is never pretty, however this bag is beautiful and very safe.
Jean Deprès' engine ring Jean Deprès (1889–1980) made a lot of mechanical jewellery such as this silver ring from 1933. Deprès was one of the pioneers in Art Déco jewellery. Together with Jean Fouquet, Gérard Sandoz and Raymond Templier, his roots lie in the Haute Joaillerie, because his father had a jewellery shop, but they were all part of the aesthetic revolution in the twenties. During the First World War Deprès designed military airplane engines, which inspired his work and aesthetic a great deal. He became fascinated by the mechanical world and used the engine parts and gear in his designs; rods, nuts, outlines of crankshafts, the look and form of metal. Machinery was transformed into beautiful industrial jewellery. It's all about aesthetics.


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SWR VS HFL Championship game 2012 - John Zachary Photography
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Johann Reinhold Forster (1729-1798) and his son Georg (1754-1794) were naturalists who accompanied James Cook on his second voyage around the world (1772-1775). In addition to animals and ethnological objects they collected a large herbarium. They were assisted by the Swedish botanist Anders Sparrmann, who joined them at the Cape of Good Hope. Already during the voyage descriptions and drawings were prepared and the new genera were published only a few months after their return in 'Characteres generum plantarum' (1775/76). Several sets of plants were given to botanists, either in gratitude for their help in identification, as a gift, or in exchange. The rest of Georg Forster's herbarium was sold in an auction in 1797/98 and bought by Aylmer Bourke Lambert, while William Roscoe aquired the herbarium of Johann Reinhold Forster in 1799 (plants now for the greater part at K, the remaining at LIV). Thus, plants of Forster can nowadays be found in at least 18 herbaria. The set at Göttingen seems to have been given to the university during a visit by Georg Forster in the year 1787 or at the beginning of 1788, after his return from Vilnius (Wilna) and before he went to Mayence (Mainz) as a librarian. The set was first included in the Academic Museum (Pütter mentions it as recently acquired in the second volume of his 'History of the University' 1788) and it later came to the Botanic Garden and was finally placed in the General Herbarium. The importance of the herbarium was recognized, and in 1968 F.-G. Schroeder separated it from the main herbarium; since then it is kept separately and has been studied by many visitors, notably by the late Ray Fosberg in 1986. ... [Information of the supplier]
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text: This is us at the health workshop. We did fat experiments, smoke free quizzes,fun fitness games, a really good lunch and all the schools(Maheno, Fenwick, Weston and St Joseph's) all did a presentation on why their school was healthy. We ended up being the healthiest school in North Otago. The picture of fat down below that Elizabeth is holding is the amount of fat you will gain if you eat a pie every day for a a a month or drink blue top milk for a year. We also got to try some yummy home made banana and healthy chocolate ice cream. We learnt a lot and had lots of fun.


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I've played here numerous times when I was initially starting out, spent hundreds of dollars on their $100 ($80 if purchased) range card. However, I am not fond of the new management or ownership.
- Grass driving range - they rotate from mat to grass
- Good course to learn - more difficult than Heartwell
- Has two short par 4's to help transition to playing longer courses
- You can wear a tank top to hit at the range. However, they told me I can't hit in the chipping area without at least a t-shirt. Ehh.. not as much of a big deal except it was 90+ degrees this day. Also, the chipping area is off to the side by the parking lot, not even near the course. Not sure if they will let you hit at the range either though, I had a range card already so I didn't ask.
- Executive course so it is slow
- Some of the range balls are in terrible condition
- Driving range closes at 8PM, even during summer when it was getting dark after 8:00PM. Early summer when I would hit, workers will shut off lights at 7:55 or so, so I have to leave the rest of my balls there. The result, I no longer go here as I get home from work way to late to make it worthwhile.
I'd probably still hit here even though of my grievances because this place is so close to my house. However, they close way to early for me to get there. I wish I didn't have 2600 balls on my two hundred dollar range cards when the new management took over. I would have not purchased it, as a result it has been months and I still have so much left on these cards because I do not want to go here anymore.
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My buddy and I play this course every 2 to 3 weeks, after church on Sundays last played June 29 2014. Fun course to play, 7 par 3'and 2 par 4's plays to just under 1500 yards.
Course, in good shape fairway nice and green, greens are soft and fairly slow.
Pace of play: played twice averaged 1:40 a round.
Driving range: Recently redone. The grass area and it had adequate yardage markers( there is a small chipping area behind the range)
Putting greens: They have 2 and both are in great shape.
Good course to use the whole bag.
Fairways in good shape mowed to about a 1/4" so good lies
Greens. Soft an slow with pin placement taking advantage of the slope.
Good use of water and sloping around greens add's difficulty to a flat course.
Tee boxes: they are small and take a beating, hard at times to find good footing.
Sand traps: only 1 star here, hard as cement better off trying to "chip" out than playing your sand wedge.
Rough: really deep! Ball just gets buried need a weedwhacker to get out!
Short is better than left right or over. With the rough so deep staying in front will drop your score!
On the 2nd hole( the first par 4 over water) if you slice your driver try a 3 or 4 iron. The tree's to the right hang low and with a bunker protecting the green you have no chance of reaching the green. Stay in the fairway and drop your score!
And remember your playing Golf! Relax and enjoy!
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Great course for the price. On a Saturday morning, we finished in 2 hrs. Thank you fellow golfers for fixing your divots.
Some of the fringes had large bald spots.
Get to work on your irons and avoid roughs, sand and water all on one course. Will be back.
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Driving range is nice and cheap. I like how it's secluded and clean looking with beautiful scenery (typical of golf courses I would say). Such a relaxing place to be. Kind of ironic that it's next to the 605.
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I wasn't to fond of the location being right near the freeway. Especially on the first tee. It made the game-play distracting. Other than that it's an alright course. I've been to better ones. But I would come back if invited.
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This morning I was bored. Woke up did the elliptical thing for 20-25 minutes and was plain bored. Thought going to town would be a nice change. Now, you have to see it from my money point of view: town is 25 minutes away (28 kms), in a V8 Explorer. I don't just go to town for something to do. I usually go Wednesday as that is our grocery shopping day and again on Saturday as by then I have another grocery list of what we forgot on Wednesday. However, I decided to go to town today anyway. BUT since DF works Sunday mornings we would all go in together.
It was a great morning. A and I went for a good walk that we haven't done in awhile. While I was on maternity leave there was a bunch of us that walked or went to Mommy & Baby Fitness classes (that we put on ourselves). I miss it, as does my waist line. Needless to say Mommies started going back to work.
After our walk we went to the play ground. A loves slides and rocks. We were lucky enough to have the playground to ourselves for the most part.
We did some window shopping, and of course some waiting around for Dada to get finished working.
A is now snoozing away. And Momma is avoiding the housework. Who wants to clean after such a great morning? I know, I need to get back to it since it isn't going to do its self.


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Lee first encountered gianduja when traveling in Europe. It's an Italian spread made with hazelnuts, cocoa, and skim milk. It's a staple all over Europe where they eat it like, well, peanut butter! We liked it so much that we decided to make a better-for-you version of it ourselves–Chocmeister! This is a rich and decadent sandwich that many people eat for dessert, not lunch, since it tastes like a peanut butter cup! The Crunch Time peanut butter really gives the sandwich terrific texture.
Total time: 5 minutes
Yield: 1 serving
2 tbsp Crunch Time peanut butter
2 tbsp Chocmeister Milk
2 slices white bread
- 1. Spread peanut butter on one slice of bread, and the Chocmeister on the other.
- 2. Place the two slices together and slice in half diagonally.
Tags: Peanut Butter & Co., Sandwich, sandwich shop