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It has often been said that there are three topics that one does not discuss over dinner: sex, politics and religion. These are three of the most personal, deeply felt and highly charged of human concerns. It should come as no surprise that they are often at the heart of library controversies. Recently, religion has become the explicit focus of several court cases involving libraries.
This Q & A provides guidance to libraries and librarians in protecting First Amendment rights to five freedoms: freedom of the press, speech, petition, assembly and religion. Courts have consistently held that for freedom of the press and speech to be meaningful, people must have the right to receive information: that is, to read, view, hear or access what they choose. In addition, the freedom of (and for) religion has been understood to include both the right of individuals to believe and practice their religion (the "free exercise" clause) and the right of individuals and the state to be free from religion (the "establishment" clause).
In most cases involving religion and libraries, these latter freedoms of, for and from religion are not at issue. Rather, the constitutional principles at stake are usually freedom of expression and the corollary freedom to access the expression of others. For instance, most challenges to materials with religious content infringe on the rights of persons to access constitutionally protected speech rather than limit the practice of religion or one's beliefs. However, sometimes the religion clauses may conflict with each other or with other First Amendment rights (e.g., in the use of meeting rooms or exhibit cases by religious groups, the distribution of religious literature and attempts to proselytize by patrons or staff). This Q & A will also address the most common of these conflicts.
For the purpose of this Q & A "religion" refers to all that touches on the ultimate—God, the gods, or one's understanding of the ultimate foundation of life. It includes formal organized systems of belief and practice and informal individual spiritualities. It also refers to adherents of older religions (e.g., the major world religions), newer religions (e.g., those designated cults by some) and no religion (e.g., agnostics and atheists). Lastly, while this Q & A is most clearly applicable to public libraries, it should in most cases be appropriate for school and academic libraries. Private libraries, especially those associated with religious institutions, may apply these guidelines as appropriate in conformity with their institutional mission.
What types of religious materials may libraries buy for their collections?
Librarians have a professional responsibility to be inclusive rather than exclusive in collection development. Libraries serve all members of their communities and within their budgetary constraints should address all information concerns of all members—including religious information needs. Collections should reflect those needs by providing access to diverse religious thought without becoming a proponent of any of them. Articles I and II of the Library Bill of Rights are clearly inclusive regarding audience ("all people of the community the library serves") and materials ("all points of view on current and historical issues"). For additional information, see Diversity in Collection Development: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights.
May libraries collect religious fiction?
Yes. Collection development and materials selection should be done according to standards set forth in library policy that are tailored to the community that the library serves. These may include: contemporary significance or permanent value, community interest and/or demand, artistic and literary excellence, cost and format. Religious fiction is not easily classified despite attempts to define genres such as Christian Fiction and Inspirational Fiction. Nevertheless, excluding religious fiction would be a violation of the Library of Rights: "Materials should not be excluded because of origin, background, or views of those contributing to their creation.&lrquo; Librarians should distinguish between providing access to religious fiction and the appearance of supporting or endorsing a particular religious belief.
May libraries label religious materials in their collections and, if so, what kinds of labels are appropriate?
Yes, but some considerations are necessary. People of all persuasions and traditions have sincere, heartfelt concerns when their government in the form of a public library addresses religious issues. As long as the selection of materials to be labeled is inclusive of all such persuasions and traditions and the labels used are viewpoint-neutral directional aids and not pejorative, this practice would not violate the Library Bill of Rights.
This practice of applying specific religious symbols to materials—such as using a cross to label Christian fiction—violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment and the Library Bill of Rights. Some libraries seek to avoid entanglement with religion by instead using a non faith-specific label to identify "inspirational fiction," including material that does not have religious-based content. For additional information, see Labeling and Rating Systems: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights and Questions and Answers on Labeling and Rating Systems.
What practical advice can be given for writing collection development policies for materials about religion?
Collection development policies should reflect the goals and objectives of the library as set forth in its mission statement and incorporate professional standards established in the Library Bill of Rights and Code of Ethics of the American Library Association. The policy may include a reference to the role of the library as a limited public forum providing access to the marketplace of ideas. For example, the library provides free access to different points of views and ideas. Collection development shall be content-neutral so that the library reflects a diversity of ideas including controversial points of view.
Are religious websites different or special?
No. Library users have the right to access any and all constitutionally protected speech, including religious speech. Religious content is no more or less protected than any other type of speech. If guides to websites are developed by the library, they should follow principles similar to those used in preparing guides for print collections.
Meeting Rooms
Should library policy allow religious groups to use library meeting rooms?
Yes. Courts have consistently held that libraries may not exclude religious groups from their meeting rooms solely because the group is religious in character or because the meeting may include religious activities. Many precedents exist for the use of public facilities (e.g., school auditoriums or park pavilions) by all types of community groups, including religious groups for religious purposes. Courts that have considered the question have consistently held that libraries are limited public forums for the receipt of information. In turn libraries may designate areas within their facilities as limited public forums for community use in the exchange of information and may create rules for their use. As with collections, these rules should be content-neutral and address only behavioral restrictions (time, place and manner). Consistency is crucial: all groups should be treated the same and subject to the same rules, such as rental fees, frequency restrictions, noise policies or food bans.
What if a religious group wants to collect money as part of their meeting?
The same policies regarding money should apply to all groups. If nonprofit groups are allowed to collect membership dues during meetings, then religious groups may collect an offering. If no group may collect money for any purpose while using a library meeting room, then collecting an offering should not be permitted.
Should food and beverages, including sacramental items, be permitted?
Again, the same policies about food and beverages should apply to all groups. If alcohol is not permitted for any group, then the use of sacramental wine would not be allowed; however, it would be wise to avoid rules that, even though unintentional, privilege one religion over another. For instance, the Catholic Mass and the Jewish Seder include the use of wine while many but not all Protestant groups use grape juice in their observance of the Eucharist. Any fees related to cleaning services should apply equally.
May libraries prohibit worship services?
The safest course of action is to provide the same access and apply the same rules of use (time, place and manner) to all community groups. No court has ever ruled that a library must exclude religious groups or religious worship. Only one case has addressed the "worship&lrquo; question. In Faith Center Church Evangelistic Ministries v. Glover, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that the Contra Costa, California, library could exclude worship services from its meeting rooms when a group self-identified its meeting as a worship service. 1 In doing so, the Ninth Circuit cautioned that the library could not prohibit groups from engaging in other religious activities, including reading, Bible discussions, Bible instruction, praying, singing, sharing testimony, and discussing political or social issues. The Ninth Circuit then asked the trial court to determine if Contra Costa could apply its policy without violating the Establishment Clause by requiring library staff to decide whether a particular religious activity was worship. On remand the trial court ruled that Contra Costa's policy required library staff to determine whether the proposed use of the meeting room constituted a worship service, a violation of the Establishment Clause. The trial court permanently enjoined the Contra Costa library from enforcing its ban on worship services. For additional information, see Deborah Caldwell-Stone, Supreme Court Refuses To Review Library Meeting Room Policy Denying Access to Groups Conducting Religious Worship and Court Prohibits Library's Practice of Prohibiting Religious Activities In Meeting Rooms.
Is a hymn sing permissible?
All groups should be subject to the same policies regarding noise. For instance, if a meeting room were soundproofed, there would be no reason to prohibit a hymn sing or, for that matter, a workshop for local rock music percussionists.
What should be considered when drafting a meeting room policy?
- In general, the following areas should be covered:
- Restrictions on length of meetings
- Frequency of using a room (e.g., no more than once a week/month)
- Rental fees for room or use of equipment
- Costs for cleaning if food or beverages are allowed
- Noise policies
- Consequences of not following policies
- An appeals procedure
Above all, policies should be applied equally to all groups.
Exhibits and Displays
Should religious groups be allowed to use library exhibit or display space?
Libraries are not required to open display or exhibit space to community groups. If libraries choose to open their exhibit and display space to community groups, space should be provided on an equitable basis to all groups that request it, regardless of the beliefs or affiliations of individuals or groups requesting their use. A library may wish to consider the amount of such space and its location when deciding whether to open it to community groups. Article II of the Library Bill of Rights states, "Materials should not be excluded because of the origin, background, or views of those contributing to their creation" and "Materials should not be proscribed or removed because of partisan or doctrinal disapproval." For additional details, see &ldquo:Exhibit Spaces and Bulletin Boards: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights."
What practical advice can be given for writing exhibit or display space policies?
Exhibit Spaces and Bulletin Boards: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights states:
Written policies for exhibit space use should be stated in inclusive rather than exclusive terms. For example, a policy that the library's exhibit space is open "to organizations engaged in educational, cultural, intellectual, or charitable activities" is an inclusive statement of the limited uses of the exhibit space. This defined limitation would permit religious groups to use the exhibit space because they engage in intellectual activities, but would exclude most commercial uses of the exhibit space.
- Some of the considerations that may be included in writing policies are:
- Rules or guidelines of the governing body (school board, library trustees, etc.)
- How often a group may use display or exhibit space
- The length of time for a display
- The kind of materials that may be displayed and any limits on the library's liability
- Whether the library will require or give priority to display requests that highlight the library collection(s)
- Whether the library will require or give priority to display requests that are aimed at the library's primary constituency
- Whether the library will allow notices soliciting funds, announcing meeting times, or giving contact information for the sponsoring group
- Whether to require that displays be viewpoint-neutral, educational, or informative
- Whether to prohibit single-holiday displays (allowing displays of all holidays or observations of the season or of the month) and
- Giving the library the right to refuse displays and providing due process for appeals of decisions.
Literature Distribution
Should the library allow religious groups to distribute religious literature in community distribution space?
If the library provides space for community groups to leave literature, religious groups should be allowed to do so on an equitable basis to all groups that use this space, regardless of the beliefs or affiliations of individuals or groups leaving such literature.
Policies covering the number of individual items of literature, the size and definition of such items and the length of time that items will be left out for distribution should be considered.
Accommodating Religious Beliefs
The issues addressed so far (collections, meeting room, exhibits and literature distribution) are all related to the primary purpose of libraries, to serve as a limited public forum for the receipt of information. The key word here is "receipt." Libraries provide space where people may read, view, listen to or otherwise access information or expression of interest to them. Libraries are not traditional public forums for expressive behavior by patrons or employees except when libraries explicitly designate space for the exchange of information such as meeting rooms or exhibit cases. The following questions are related to the religious views that patrons and employees bring with them into the library. Because of this context they are more community relations and employment issues rather than intellectual freedom issues.
A. Patron Religious Beliefs
What accommodations should librarians make for religious beliefs of patrons?
While libraries and librarians should respect the diverse religious traditions of their communities, libraries exist to serve the information needs of all users in their communities. Library policies should be applied equally to shelving of religious books, service to patrons, or access to religious web sites as they would be to any other shelving, service or web access. In addition privileging one religious tradition over others could violate the establishment clause of the First Amendment.
What about religious dress and symbols?
Dress codes for patrons, if a library has one at all, should be limited to maintaining public health and safety.
What about special shelving requests for scriptures and other religious materials?
Placing specific materials on shelves according to religious point of view or status within a given faith community rather than according to the cataloging system used in the library can make it difficult for users to locate such materials. It would be a violation of the Library Bill of Rights to give special treatment to a specific sacred text or to limit access to such a text. It is appropriate to add additional titles or versions of a text to the collection to meet community needs or interest but not to remove or sequester them. The scriptures or religious materials of all religions should be treated equitably.
Attempting to accommodate competing and quite possibly conflicting demands for special shelving for specific items may be impossible given physical constraints. On the other hand, if a library sets aside tables or shelves for specialized materials or purposes such as atlases, directories, college guides, dictionaries or local history, it would be appropriate to set aside shelving for scripture, as long as all scriptures are treated equally, including texts that occupy a similar status among other groups (e.g., The Humanist Manifesto II).
How about gender relations?
Generally, library staff members should serve both men and women equally regardless of gender. For example, if a person comes to the reference desk with a highly personal question of a sexual nature (health, birth control, rape, etc.) and expresses a desire to talk with a person of the same gender, libraries may accommodate special requests but are not required to do so. Patrons are always free to seek or not seek service from any staff person they wish.
B. Employee Religious Beliefs
What accommodations should libraries make for the religious beliefs of employees?
Employee rights to self expression including religious expression are more restricted than those of the general public for the simple reason that they are employed for a purpose. The workplace is not a public forum for the unfettered expression of one's views. For additional guidance, see ALA Policy 53.1.12 and " Questions & Answers on Speech in the Workplace."
What are the library's responsibilities in accommodating employee religious observances?
As a general rule, employers should accommodate employee religious observance when it does not substantially interfere with the library's mission of providing access to information to the public. Such accommodations should be equitable for all religions. Informal accommodation among staff (e.g., trading coverage of service points on holidays) is one approach.
What limits should/may libraries place on the wearing of religious symbols by employees?
Libraries are limited public forums for the receipt of information by the public, not for speech by employees. Employers may regulate employee speech including symbolic speech that interferes with the mission of the library. In general, the wearing of modest symbols or statements of one's belief (religious, political, etc.) may be permitted. However, if the display of such expressions interferes with the library's mission, all such expressions should be banned regardless of expressive content (e.g., no religious or political jewelry, message buttons, or message t-shirts).
Can employees proselytize or witness to personal beliefs?
One employee's personal expression can easily become another person's harassment. Employees should respect each other's freedom to practice their religions and to be free from the religion of others. Failure to respect the wishes of coworkers can result in charges of harassment for the individual. Failure to respect and deal with claims of harassment by an employee can result in charges of fostering a hostile work environment for the library. Once again, libraries should be careful to avoid favoring one religion over another. In the workplace, people are free to believe as they want but their behavior, including speech (even religious speech), may be regulated. For additional information, see Karen Sutherland, Freedom of Speech in the Workplace: The First Amendment Revisited or Eugene Volokh, Freedom of Speech vs. Workplace Harassment Law—A Growing Conflict.
Can libraries establish dress codes for employees?
Dress codes for employees, if a library has one at all, should be limited to maintaining public health and safety and the ability of the library to execute its mission. Therefore, the library should have a substantial mission-related reason for any dress restrictions. For instance, it is hard to imagine a mission-related rationale for banning such religiously sanctioned apparel as yarmulkes, veils, head-coverings, shawls or burqas that is not rooted in cultural or religious prejudice.
Can an employee refuse to answer questions on the basis of individual conscience?
No. Article VII of ALA's Code of Ethics states that: "We distinguish between our personal convictions and professional duties and do not allow our personal beliefs to interfere with fair representation of the aims of our institutions or the provision of access to their information resources."
There is no valid parallel between claims of individual conscience and "conscientious objection" to military service. Enlistment or commissioning is voluntary; once in, military service is compulsory. The conscientious objector's claim is that he or she cannot perform his or her duties in good conscience and should be released from them. If a library employee claims conscientious objector status, she or he is free to seek other employment if unable in good conscience to continue to perform her or his primary responsibility of meeting the information needs of the public. For additional information, see Guidelines on Religious Exercise and Religious Expression in the Federal Workplace.
1Decisions of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals apply only to states within the Ninth Circuit [California, Oregon, Washington, Arizona, Montana, Idahno, Nevada, Alaska, Hawaii, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands]


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Wordless (nearly) Wednesday - Trailer with Paul and Dorothy
This is a photo I've had in the back of my mind for a long time, and couldn't put my hands on it. When I did come across it, a while back, I had nothing particular to do with it! So, today is the day.
My maternal grandparent, Paul and Dorothy (SORENSEN) KINNICK, outside a trailer house they lived in for some time. It was parked north of our house. Our 'garden' was behind them - that is the 'grove' to the right, behind. It was the late 1940s, I believe. It seems they were remodeling something, and this was interim housing. I just don't remember. Hope someone will see it that does remember. It is a kind of important stage of life! Thanks, for any clues.
Families are Forever! ;-)


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"What I have learned from encounters of the subject of hatred is
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Can it be cured by love? Let us say it may more readily be prevented
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-Elie Wiesel, Concentration Camp
Survivor & Nobel Peace Laureate
As the words of Elie Wiesel so poignantly suggest, stemming the
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an awareness of hatred is more than just a matter of exposure and
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Bullet trains fuel real-estate booms, improve quality of life and create other unintended consequences by sharply reducing commute times from smaller cities to large megacities, economists from UCLA and China's Tsinghua University observed in a new study in China. A similar dynamic, they said, could play out as California builds its own high-speed rail system.
Read entire article at: http://newsroom.ucla.edu


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Model# I3452C
Dynacraft Prophet Tour Iron (LH) - Clubhead
Starting at: $9.95For the player heading toward single digits or perhaps already there, this model sports the true appearance of a blade. The distinction is just enough game improvement elements were augmented to give that player the edge to dominate the competition and continue to lower their score. The exclusive Stability Slot optimizes the CG location by pushing the weight further back from the face and redistributes the weight directly in the center of the face for that pure, unmistaken feel only a blade can provide. The Dynacraft Prophet Tour Blade is manufactured from an ultra-soft 304 stainless steel for an incredible feel at impact and finished with an exquisite black PVD coating. Learn More
Model# I3489A
Power Play Adrenaline Iron - Clubhead
Starting at: $6.99One word to describe the Power Play Adrenaline iron design is "sin-sational". Its' unique appearance is only equaled by its performance - the uncanny ability to provide additional power and keep your ball in play for eye-opening results. That's the Power Play advantage!So when your adrenaline kicks in and you want to hit the ball hard, you want to do so without the fear of which direction the ball might go. Problem solved as the expanded sole combined with the Tri-Cavity weighting pushes perimeter weighting to their outermost limits. The large confidence-building face with the easy to align modest offset are additional assets designed to keep the ball on-line and toward your goal toward lower scores. Learn More
Model# I3676A
Power Play Caiman X2 Rawpower Iron - Clubhead
Starting at: $6.05The intelligent design provides better distance gapping between each club in the set and yet the consolidation of one club in the bag. Designed to take advantage of today's popular lighter and higher launching iron shafts, The Caiman X2 irons possess slightly stronger lofts to drive rather than balloon the ball to the target, while still sticking it on the green. This is only possible by the multi-cavity design concentrating weight low with balanced heel and toe weighting for remarkable forgiveness. Learn More


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Are you using this topic as music as art? Otherwise it should go into the music section. I want ask before I move.
That quote is actualy very witty, Celdur. I suggest you use that in your signature.
I, for a fact, quite like Keno[tai]. He's my favorite.
Beyon City
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Tuesday, May 07, 2013 - Gregor and Mirek RAW - FULL CONTACT
Latest Sets at WilliamHiggins.com
Gregor Bortel and Mirek Hodbod are two very good looking guys. We brought them together and they really got on very well. We see them enjoying a drink and they begin kissing each other. Then they start to remove their clothes, with each exploring the other's body. Gregor is the first to rid himself of his underwear and stands so that his cock is available for Mirek to suck. As he sucks on Gregor's throbbing cock Mirek wanks himself. Then Gregor goes down on his knees and reaches down to take Mirek's hard dick in his mouth as well. He sucks on that big cock and the, with lips wrapped tight around the head, Mirek starts fucking Gregor's mouth. After enjoying that cock Gregor removes Mirek's underwear and starts to explore his ass, with his tongue and then his finger. He works that hole with his finger and then, holding a leg in the air, slides his big cock deep into Mirek's ass. He really fucks that hot, hairy ass hard and fast, stetching the hole well. Then Gregor sits on the sofa and leans back, so that Mirek can sit right down on his cock. His ass slides over that cock and Mirek begins to ride it. As he rides he leans over and kisses Gregor on the mouth. Then he turns around and sits down on the cock again, working is ass all over it. Riding up and down Mirek wanks himself as well. He wanks faster and faster, breathing heavily, and shoots his cum all over one of Gregor's legs. Then Gregor aims his cock at Mirek's mouth and dumps his cum over the face and in that mouth. Mirek takes the spent cock in his mouth to clean it off before the guys enjoy a final kiss.
Radek Kozel has an injured hand so he visits Adam Rupert to get it checked out. Although his hand seems ok Radek complains of a burning sensation in his chest, so Adam decides a full check up is necessary. Radek strips to his underwear and lays on the table so that Adam can start his examination. Adam feels Radek's chest and abdomen and then down around his groin. He turns him over to inspect the back and then his ass. Adam's underwear is removed and his ass is inspected more closely. Adam tells him to turn over again and we see that Radek's cock is rock hard. Adam takes hold of it and begins to suck on it. He removes his shirt and continues sucking on that big hard cock. Radek's hand goes to Adam's pants and begins to undo them. So Adam quickly gets naked, his own cock is hard too. Radek takes hold of it and wanks it before Adam moves and slides his cock into a willing mouth. Quickly things move on with Adam on top of Radek so they can 69. Each is sucking on a big, rock hard cock. Then Radek climbs off the table and Adam lays down with his legs in the air. Radek goes down and starts to rim Adam's hot ass. He alternates between sucking on Adam's throbbing cock and rimming his ass. The Radek stands and slides his massive dick into Adam's eager hole. He fucks that ass, stretching it wide as Adam wanks himself. Then the move to a doggy position with Adam's big cock hanging down as Radek plows his ass. He works that cock deep into Adam's tight hole fucking his nice and long. Then Radek pulls out and lays down so that Adam can sit on his throbbing cock. He rides it well, his ass sliding up and down on the huge pole. As Radek fucks him faster and faster Adam moans and wanks himself, shooting a big creamy load. Then he gets down with his face ready for Radek's cum. Radek dumps his cream over that face and Adam milks it to get all the cum before sucking it to clean it off, ending a wonderful Czech up.
Josef Rasara is aged 20 and lives in Petrvald. He works as an operator and in his spare time Josef enjoys sports, fitness and bodybuilding. What a very handsome guy Josef is. He does a brief interview, sitting on a chair, and then begins his show. His hands begin to run over his body, which he is very proud of. Then he starts to flex, showing off a huge bicep. Lifting his tee-shirt we start to see that hot body. Then with the tee-shirt off the chest is fully revealed and is most impressive. Josef then dips a hand into his jeans to feel his cock. Opening the jeans more Josef pulls out a nice hard cock and begins to play with it. He plays with his cock and feels his balls for a while, then stands up and pushes the jeans down some more. That hard cock looks great as the balls swing from him wanking. The jeans are removed and Josef continues to wank himself as he also feels all over that hot chest. Sitting back down on the chair, with his legs spread Josef looks great, with a hairy ass crack on show below that hard cock. A hand moves to his ass as he wanks and pulls it open to show his tight hole. Moving to the floor Josef goes onto his knees to show of that ass some more. The cheeks are beautifully spread and the hole showing very well as he continues wanking. What a great view we get. Josef then turns over and settles down to wank himself to a climax. Wanking hard he soon shoots his cum for us and moves off to the shower to clean up.
Tonda Smolda is aged 20 and lives in Jilove u Prahy. He studies at university and in his sparetime likes football, boxing and Thai-boxing. Oh what a great looking guy. He impresses right from the start with a hot chest. When he loses the jeans things get even better. Tonda has a great cock and soon it is rock hard, pointing skywards, as he poses for the camera. He let's us take a good look at that hot body and stiff cock before showing off a gorgeous ass as well with a hairy crack. He happily spreads the cheeks so we can see right into that ass crack, to look as a tight pucker hole. This is a lovely shoot from a most handsome guy.


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A quick note to 'thank you' and your team for the session on Sunday morning. Very professionally delivered and extremely enjoyable
Tim Gray
RKC is the online space of ex British triathlon Champion Rick Kiddle who competed as an elite athlete worldwide. He has used this combination of 20 years competition experience along with 15 years coaching knowledge to bring you innovative training programmes and products that will help novice and elite athletes to train and race for the results they seek.


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Biomedical Sciences
The Bachelor of Science degree in Biomedical Sciences consists of a Life Sciences Core combined with a broad range of flexible elective options. The Life Sciences Core is designed to provide the student with a strong grounding in mathematics and science with a complement of liberal arts in preparation for a particular career path, e.g., for entry into medical/dental school, into graduate studies, or directly into a research position in an applied area of biomedical science.
Our program offers excellent undergraduate preparation for career fields such as Medicine (Allopathic and Osteopathic), Biomedical Research, Exercise Science, Pathology, Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Drug Development, Toxicology, Neuroscience and Genetic Counseling. Recent program graduates have also gone on for advanced degrees in Physician Assistant, Chiropractic Medicine, Nurse Practitioner and Prosthetic Science. The student, in consultation with an academic advisor and using a basic course schedule as a guideline, may select from elective courses relevant to one of these career fields, or design his or her own set of Science Track electives approved by one of the program academic advisors.
Students may also choose to use up to six (6) elective credits to engage in undergraduate research or independent study with a faculty mentor. These opportunities are not limited to the Biomedical Sciences faculty and laboratories, and many of our students participate in highly interdisciplinary research with faculty from the College of Science, the Kate Gleason College of Engineering, the Center for Multidisciplinary Studies, Golisano College of Computing and Information Science, and other centers and colleges at RIT. We strongly encourage students to explore the world outside of our main campus--through study abroad, community service, cooperative learning, and summer research internships. In addition, the Institute Electives provide an excellent opportunity to pursue a secondary field of study through declaration of a minor, e.g., in the liberal arts (criminal justice, psychology, creative writing, public policy, foreign language), the sciences (astronomy, mathematics, physics, imaging science), or business (international business, marketing, management). Our goal is to prepare students to have the multiple skills, self-confidence and cross-disciplinary literacy that will allow them to thrive in the dynamic, rapidly changing world of biomedicine and biomedical sciences.
Biomedical Sciences students also can participate in our optional Co-op Program, choosing from among literally hundreds of short-term (10-weeks), full-time, paid opportunities directly related to their career interests.


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All current produced items are made of crystal glass and lead free.
RIEDEL Performance Restaurant Riesling
Sauvignon Blanc (unoaked), Riesling, Grüner Veltliner
Year of design 2018
Volume 623 ccm
Height 245 mm
Box quantity 1
Type of Manufacturing machine production
Material Crystal
Romantic Dinner
Formal Dinner
Elegant Dinner for 2
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With three generations of research, development and experience in creating functional, grape varietal specific glassware, Georg and Maximilian Riedel challenged themselves to improve on what had gone before. The result is Performance – a technologically advanced and user-friendly collection of grape varietal specific glasses. Performance is the first Riedel wine glass series ever to feature bowls with a light optic effect. Detailed research by the Riedel family, aimed at improving the organoleptic wine experience, revealed that increasing the inner surface area of the glass had a positive impact on the perception of the bouquet and flavour of the wine. This was achieved through a unique optical effect, which not only adds a pleasing visual aspect to the bowl, but also increases the inner surface area, allowing the wine to open up and to fully show every aroma and subtle nuance. Consisting of seven machine-made, lightweight, durable and dishwasher-safe shapes, Performance glasses are executed in sparkling fine crystal and feature fine stems and large stable bases. The new bowl shapes in Performance, when combined with the optic effect, deliver ultimate wine enjoyment, making Performance the new essential 'must-have' wine glass collection.
Frequently asked questions
For a perfect result:
- Wash under warm water, detergent is not necessary.
- Place on line to drain for the time begin.
- For extra shine, steam over boiling water.
To polish use microfiber polishing cloths: Hold glass by base and polish. Use left hand to cradle the bowl and polish with your right hand. Never twist the base and bowl.
To avoid scratches: Avoid contact with other glass or metal. lf available use a stemware rack.
To avoid stains: Use soft water (low mineral content).
To remove stains: Use white vinegar.
We do not have measurements to offer on each glass in regards to the thinness of the lip, but all RIEDEL glasses are beautiful thin blown crystal. Our rims are "cut", which allows the wine to flow smoothly onto the tongue vs. being "rolled" which obstructs the smooth flow of the wine which accentuates acidity and harshness.


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D-Backs escape with win over Rangers in twinbill opener
Phoenix, AZ – Tyler Skaggs tossed six scoreless innings and Cody Ross added a homer, as Arizona withstood a late Texas rally to claim a 5-3 victory in the opener of an interleague doubleheader.
Paul Goldschmidt, Martin Prado and A.J. Pollock each knocked in a run for the Diamondbacks, who have won two in a row and three of four.
Recalled from Triple-A Reno prior to the game, Skaggs (1-0) allowed three hits and walked three while fanning nine. He also added his first major-league hit with a leadoff single in the fourth.
"He executed a great game plan, had all of his pitches going," Arizona manager Kirk Gibson said of Skaggs. "His changeup was lights out."
Adrian Beltre hit a two-run single and Jurickson Profar added a run-scoring hit in a three-run ninth for the Rangers, who have lost two straight after winning three in a row.
"We certainly had opportunities early, we just couldn't deliver a base hit when he had those opportunities against Skaggs," Rangers manager Ron Washington said. "It took until the ninth inning before we started getting base hits to put some runs on the board."
Martin Perez (0-1) yielded nine hits and four runs -- three earned -- over his 5 1/3-inning start.
In a span of six batters, Tony Sipp and Heath Bell almost demolished what Skaggs, Will Harris and David Hernandez had built up.
Sipp walked Geovany Soto to begin the ninth, and after striking out Craig Gentry, he gave up back-to-back singles, forcing Bell into the game to clean up the bases-loaded mess.
He promptly served up an RBI single to Profar and a two-run hit to Beltre which closed the Rangers' gap to 5-3. Nelson Cruz fanned swinging, and Mitch Moreland grounded out -- earning Bell his ninth save in a less than stellar effort.
Arizona took the lead during its first turn at the plate, after Goldschmidt reached on a fielder's choice grounder, moved up on a Ross hit and scored on Prado's single.
Pollock doubled home Wil Nieves and came around on a Goldschmidt single in the second for a 3-0 game, then Ross launched his second homer of the year to left field for a four-run spread in the fifth.
Nieves walked with one out in the home eighth and later scored on Eric Hinske's pinch-hit double.
Game Notes
Skaggs earned his first win since his first major-league start, a 3-2 victory against the Marlins on Aug. 22, 2012 ... After the completion of tonight's doubleheader, the series shifts to Arlington for two more games on Wednesday and Thursday ... Arizona will be required to send Skaggs back to Reno on Tuesday and Perez will have to be returned to Triple-A Round Rock since the 26-man roster exception for a doubleheader will expire ... Diamondbacks pitchers struck out 15 Texas batters.


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Now that AT&T, T-Mobile and Verizon are all theoretically selling Windows Phone 8 devices--assuming you can find them--it's time for the carriers to begin rolling out commercials. We've already seen a few from AT&T featuring Will Arnett (which have been running heavily on Hulu+ via our Xbox) but now it's Verizon's turn.
Their first commercial features the Nokia Lumia 822 in white--the better of the three colors, in our opinion. It starts off talking about how complicated technology can be with someone unfolding a large instruction sheet, something we're quite familiar with when purchasing gadgets. Instead, the voice-over talks about how when something is "truly advanced" it shouldn't need any explanation at all, which is when they trot out the Lumia 822.
Windows Phone OS is a rather simple and intuitive solution for mobile phones, though we're not 100% sure it is instruction free. Still the conceit of the ad is spot on as it shows off Office integration and even name-drops Data Sense for monitoring your consumption. Not a bad ad at all.
Did you get a Verizon Lumia 822? If so, how are you liking it? Let us know in comments...
Thanks, Steve K., for the tip!


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Now that you've had almost a couple of weeks to think about it, where did it go wrong for the Mets? I'm not asking about the bullpen or their inability to hit with runners in scoring position. I mean, what game in the last two months, what stretch, told you it wouldn't happen this year?
For me, it was losing two of three to the Braves in home-and-home weekend series. It screamed to me they were in trouble.
How about you?


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What's New:
This Service Pack also includes several other fixes, see Release Notes for more information.
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A nationwide traffic safety campaign will bring out police officers to arrest impaired drivers over the holiday period, Nov. 22 through Dec. 2.
Officers will take part in enhanced DUII focused patrols on the lookout for impaired drivers. The goal of this campaign is to save lives by removing these dangerous drivers from the streets.
Drunk driving, drugged driving, impaired driving, or "buzzed" driving all have the potential of claiming lives. This can lead to offenders being arrested and serving time in jail. Impaired driving is not an accident; it is a deliberate action that places the driver and others at substantial risk of serious injury or death.
The campaign is designed to deter people from driving while impaired by implementing high visibility enforcement and increasing the number of officers on the streets who are assertively seeking to identify and stop impaired drivers.
Prevent dangerous impaired driving:
Stop alcohol service long before the event is over.
Encourage guests to drink water and other non-alcoholic beverages during your event.
Prepare for guests to stay the night or assist with calling for cab service.
Choose a responsible designated driver.
Serve plenty of food to lessen the effects of alcohol.
Report impaired drivers by calling 911.


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ICICI Bank CEO Says India Credit Boom Intact
The head of India's'largest private bank says her country's'demographics and consumer-driven growth model will buoy lending despite troubles abroad.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
I ... oh ... we're here in Tokyo with it on the coast ... of the ... seats chief executive of ICICI Bank ... from India to India's second largest private bank ... artists who would like to some questions that ... keep in mind that the summit here it is about ... doom and gloom and much of the global economy but India seems to be escaping much of its ... offer ... so in the lead to the advanced economies ... the global growth the globe ... system is slowing down and banks are articulate ... deleveraging in suffering ... what's happening in ... India for your bank ... Steve Goldstein continues to remain strong ... um I think some of the goals that any chance have changed in the sense that stuff ... you know because so consumerism ... and the demographic benefits to hedging instruments on ... I'll all and that they did pretty good for consumers continues to grow market says Scott Jones can see we don't fix it ... aam this summer slowdown in the basement eyed soul and the date of the looks ... pretty good investments is not that high but still given on that ... I think for the banking industry as a whole is ... that if we go about but sixteen to seventeen percent in a gadfly to back high cost ... of the village would be about twenty percent ... and by the maids and I just add it to cut back on to say I mean how would you compare and contrast China and India ... for the global body ... of the menu the menu for India and China aam via Ticketmaster fact that both countries have four note ... the different economic growth markets ... I China as Martin was minimis mental being too distracted and did Senator mom can we create jobs and making the investments happen ... what the money to focus on is actually going domestic consumption ... that is in yes cold story was the as a bead on the fullest allowed the Democrats the dividends to stocking up ... of the end on consumption to pull up and that's our domestic consumption is not one not modified ... economy which ... gives us the queue which will try to ... but what the hell I need to focus on is he a need to make more investments happen so that the fuel to supply constraints ... that the kids and you know production of goods and services but they that its infrastructure so ... we need to focus on investments ... one other thing ... is kosher and her bank are quite pioneers in ... online banking and in in reaching out to serve the unbanked sector ... made even in relatively remote villages ... India's going through major revolution there's talk of large retail and fast moving and being allowed to ... expand in India ... how do you approach the ... second can you confirm to me that one third of your banking transactions are done on line in the domestic customer ... Cindy decking tell you know they mean ... pioneers an offering of a mystic prodigy China Strike customize entity ... of the chain on nine and more by banking I like the Islam's up on Monday ... I believe the status today that ... up on to get the vibe on top of the transactions that the customers too but that's ... up not just that I think these shadows use of these founder said he was a feat not achieved ... as activity in the very best ... to teach those unbanked customize and you don't get enough Banking martyrs ... the gentle costs ... Silicon aim and fire of my implied odds ... the FX reading it ... I mean the end of pounds of each hire Fargo's and then customize which did not have a bank account ... by the end of two years of all in all of these have been bitten the dust two yards ... and the side of customers in the remote to submit it is ... the isthe customize who may just keep deposits but don't want to go unnoticed in their comments ... but what the meat into is that they need to offer them backing to buy that excites ... tumult of the use of Mumbai for once told the use of internet ... so that the ending down the cost of banking ... I'm giddy ... act to the meat was banking products ... of innovation them and by the US ... think you're a much ... China coach Meyer CEO of ... ICICI Bank India's largest private ...