text:
Author - virarajendra
copyright - virarajendra
Brought forward on account of "Aattukaala Pongala" Festival (Mahotsavam) scheduled to takes place from the 3rd of March to 12th of March at Aattukaal in Thiruvananthapuram District, Kerala, India, venerating Goddess Kannaki (Paththini = Bagawathi Amman = Maari Amman = Mangaladevi))
The origin and the spread of the Cult of Kannaki (Paththini) - Part 2
(9) The Kannaki worship in the present day Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Sri Lanka
In Kerala
Idukki district - Kumily
The first Kannaki (Paththini) Amman Temple built by the emperor Cheran Chenguttuvan of Chera Country (in Kerala) has been identified as the temple complex 200 ft square known as "Mangaladevi temple" in granite on a hillock known as Mangaladevi Malai at the village Vannaaththiparai in Kumily, in Idukki State of Kerala bordering Tamil Nadu. This square temple complex has two entrances. The the entrance on the east is bigger and has the characteristics of the 10th century style, while the one on the west is smaller and resembles a much earlier style possibly the second century style.
Silappathikaaram refers to Kannaki as Paththini and as Managala Madanthai. Mangala Madanthai is the exact equivalent to Mangaladevi. Silappathikarem further states "she kept steps and climbed the Neduverl Kutram" (hill) where she finally demised, and it also refers elsewhere to the temple built by Cheran Chenguttuvan as Mangala Madanthai Koattam(temple). Hence it has been identified that Neduverl Kuntram was the present Magaladevi Malai at Vannaathiparai in Kumily in Idukki state of Kerala bordering Tamil Nadu and the former Mangala Madanthai Koattam is the present Mangaladevi temple at Kumily.
There is a Vatteluththu Inscription of Rajaraja Chola - 1 in this temple which refers to the Goddess of this temple as "Sri Poorani" and Kulasekara Pandiyan's Tamil Inscription refers as "Sri Pooranigiri Aaludai Naatchiyaar". This temple is presently in partly dilapidated condition, and an idol of a Goddess badly damaged is found there even today. This Goddess statue is of two feet height and has no crown, but with bored years gold flowers and three necklaces on the neck, and in the seated pose with left leg folded on the seat and the right leg stamped vertically dowards from the seated level, and resembles as a work of as old as 1800 years as per Scholar C.Govindaraasanaar who re-discovered the Kannaki temple at Kumily.
Even in this dilapitated condition temple poojas are conducted by priests once a year on the Chitra pournami - Full Moon Day in the month of Chiththirai, and on this occasion devotees flock here both from Kerala and Tamil Nadu for Kannaki worship. This temple is now coming under the purview of the Archaelogical Survey of India but it is very pathetic to note this temple of much historical significance have not undergone any restoration and preservation under them.
From the foregoing we note the Inscription of Rajaraja Chola - 1 at Mangaladevi Temple on Mangaladevi Malai states the presiding deity of this temple is Sri Poorani. We also note from the Kulasekara Pandiyan's inscription at this temple that Sri Poorani was the Aludai Nachchiyaar (presiding deity) of the temple on the hill Sri Pooranigiri, traditionally known as the Mangaladevi Malai. Hence it is very clear Sri Poorani is the subsequent name given to Managaladevi (Mangala Madanthai) of Silappathikaaram the other name of Goddess Kannaki) by possibly Vedic Priests during the period of Rajaraja Chola or earlier.
Silappathikaaram refers to Kannaki as Paththini and as Managala Madanthai. The site falls well within the geographical description of the region as given in Silappathikarem.
The following URLs helps to have a glimpse of the above Kannaki Koattam at Kumily in Kerala:
Trichur District - Kodungallur (This year being 2016 - the "Meena Barani" {meaning the Barani Natchaththiram day of the Kerala month "Meenam" (=Tamil Panguni = "March/April"} Festival (Mahotsavam) takes place from 4th of April and ends up on the 9th of April)
The Chera emperor Chenguttuvan after the consecration ceremony of the first Kannaki temple at Neduverlkuntram, built another Kannaki temple just out side his capital city the Vanji Nagar, which as confirmed by "Manimekalai" had the 'statues of both Kannaki and Kovalan' venerated unlike at the temple in Kumily.
This Temple undoubtedly is the present Baghawathi Amman Temple in north Kodungallur (the former Vanji Nagar), confirming the reference in "Manimekalai' that this temple was just outside the city of Vanji (Kodungallur - puranagar), where the traditions relating to Kannaki worship exists even today.
The main festival called Bharani is celebrated in Kerala Month "Meenam" (March-April). The temple has a practice during it's festival time when thousands of pilgrims mostly from Kasargode and Kannur districts of the northern end of Kerala come with swords in hands agitatingly dance before the temple to appease the goddess and get her blessings for their well-being.
However some ugly practices prevalent in this temple in connection with her worship, probably came upon at a latter date should be abolished, and much more reverence and sanctity given to the actual worship of Kannaki at this Baghawathi Amman in this temple.
The following URL helps to have a glimpse of the Kodungallur Baghavathi temple & other songs related to the Silambaatam (Barani song) at this temple.
Courtesy: Sargam Musics
Thiruvananthapuram District - Aattukaal (This year being 2017 - the "Aattukaala Pongala" Festival (Mahotsavam) takes place from the 3rd of March and ends up on the 12th of March.)
The Aye king of Venaadu apparently participated as an invitee at the consecration ceremony of the first Kannaki temple at Kumily that took place on the orders of Cheran Chenguttuvan - the overlord of all other kings of Kerala of that period. The Aye king on his return to Thiruvananthapuram capital city of Venaadu constructed a temple in her veneration, and arranged for the annual festivals and daily rituals of worship to be conducted at this temple.
It is this temple is which is presently known as the Baghavathi Amman Temple located at Aattukaal in the city of Thiruvananthapuram. It celeberates a ten day annual festival, with the "Aattukaala Pongala festival" being on the tenth day being the Makkam Natchaththiram day of the month of 'Meenam' (Mid Feb to mid Mar). This is a Pongal Festival with the boiling of Rice and Milk with Paayasam and other ingrediants, and placed before Goddess Kannaki and religious rituals done to appease her to shower her graces on her worshippers for their welfare. This is an all ladies festival participated in the recent years by more than 30 lacks (3 million) women gathered at this temple to worship the Goddess Kannaki presently known as the Baghavathy Amman & Attukaal Amma, having traditions connected with Kannaki even today. The hymns of "Thottampattu" sung on all ten days during this annual festival at this temple is nothing but the entire story of Kannaki. This festival is the largest gathering of women at any function or festival in India or overseas, which has now entered the Guiness Book of Records. Pongala is an event which lasts for 10-days. This ten day festival commences with 'Kaapukkattu' on Karthika natchatthiram day in the month of Kumbham (February/March) and concludes with 'Kuruthi Dharpanam' (sacrificial offering) in the night of the tenth (last) day.
The following URLs helps to have a glimpse of the above Aattukaala Pongala festival held at Aattukaal, Thiruvananthapuram:
The present tradition that Kannaki personaly came to Aattukkaal in Thiruvananthapuram from Mathurai after the great tragedy has no credence, as she could not have come all the way to this region from Mathurai in Tamil Nadu under wiered and grevious condition after the tragedy, trekking a very long distance within fourteen days on foot. Further there is no mountain at Aattukaal sacred to God Murugan, where Kannaki spent her last days as per Silappathikaaram.
Kollam District - Vadekkenadayil
There is an old dilapidated Kannaki temple in this region which was damaged by sea and said to be 1800 years old, and its place just opposite to it is a new temple built few years ago and known as Bhagawathi Temple. The traditions in this region holds that the Kannagi statue enshrined in the old temple that was washed away by the sea at Vadekkenadayil in Kollam, too was brought earlier from the Chola capital of Kaviripoompattinam on the east coast of present Tamil Nadu, after a sea errosion that took place at Kaviripoompattinam around 1800 years ago. In mid May each year a ten day festival known as 'Thottampattu Utsavam' is celebrated in this new Kannaki temple, and the Kannaki story as told in Silappathikaaram is staged.
Could this Kannaki statue said to be brought from Kaviripoompattinam after the sea errosion of the city and installed at the dilapidated temple at Vadekkenadayil was that which was originally installed at a Kannaki temple in Kaviripoompattinam, possibly by the Chola king Nedumudikkilli after the consecration of the first temple for Kannaki at Kumily in Kerala by Cheran Chenguttuvan ??. Is this original statue is still seen at the Vadekkenadayil old dilapidated temple ?? which will be of much historical importance. Further research has to be done on same.
The Vadekkenadayil Kannaki temple was first highlighted to me by Thiru Podalangai of mayyam.com as follows:
"......In relation to your list of temples in Kerala, there's also a Kannagi temple in Kollam (Vadakkenadayil Bhagavathi). The current temple is rather new - only around a couple of decades old - but it's said to have been built on the site of a much older temple which was washed away. The idol, according to the locals, was originally installed by the Cholas in Pumpuhar, and was brought to the Chera kingdom when the sea took Pumpuhar. That's their legend, anyway......"
The following URL helps to have a glimpse of the above at Vadekkennadayil, in Kerala
Alleppey District - Chengannur
There is also a Baghawathi temple at Chengannur in Alleppey district in Kerala with Kannaki traditions. It is said that Kannaki came to Chenkunnu (Chengannur) in Kerala and did penance under a tree. Kovalan appeared before her in a vimana and took her to heaven.
The following URL helps to have a glimpse of the above at Chengannur
This tradition too could not be accepted as correct, as the Chengannur has been confused at some time or the other with the Chengkuntram appearing in Silappathikaaram, in which it is very clearly stated that the Chengkuntram was a hill within the close vicinity of Neduverlkuntram where Kannaki demised, and clearly not the place far west in Allepey district of present Kerala.
But it is quite possible with the acceptance of Kannaki worship in many parts of Kerala during the period of Cheran Chenguttuvan, possibly a subordinate king or chieftan ruling this region of Kerala would have built this Kannaki temple which is now known as Baghavathi temple and having the above mentioned tradition.
Then the tiny golden idol of goddess will be taken around the shrine on an elephant for 3 times. I am explaining other rituals and legends about this temple now.
Ernalulam District - Chottanikkara
The Chottanikkara Baghavathy temple has as its principal deities the Narayana and Lakshmi - also worhipped in the form of Saraswathi & Durga. The existing traditions of this temple doesot hold anything relating to Goddess Kannaki even though Baghavathy was a specific name of Kannaki that prevailed in various regions of Kerala over a long period. It appears with the heavy inflow of Hindu Brahmin priests from Karnataka & Tulu countires into Kerala after thirteenth century, the original Baghawathi temples dedicated to Kannaki in Kerala, probably were turned more into Saivite & Vaishnavite - temples.
This is confirmed by the very fact that during the personal visit of Dr Madeswaren & Dr Pradeep of Sakthi Foundation to Chottanikkara Baghavathy temple, have discovered a tiny golden idol of a Goddess in this temple with two hands, one with an anklet and the other with a sword, whom they have identified as that of Kannaki. This tiny golden idol of Goddess (Kannaki) is taken around the shrine three times on an elephant, as part of the evening rituals of this temple.
The following URL helps to have a study on the Kannaki idol found among the deities at Chottanikkara
Palakkad District - Kannaki Nagar (Moothanthara)
There is a Kannaki Bagavathi temple at Moothanthara (presently known as Kannaki Nagar) in Palakkad, in Kerala where she is worshipped in her idol form. The poosai rituals at the temple to the presiding deity of Kannaki Bhagavathi are performed by the Namboodiris of Animangalam Illam, while to Siva- Parvathi and to all other deities are performed by Tamil acharyas. The people in the region around this temple wake up in the morning with the sound of Sangu (Conch Shell) and Udukkai (Drum) coming from this temple.
Kannaki Nagar is the dwelling place of "Moothans" (trading community), and 'tradition holds' that "Moothans" have decended from the same trading community as Kannaki, having come from the neighboring state of Tamil Nadu in the historic times.
The following URL helps to have a glimpse of the above at Kannaki Nagar (Moothanthara), in Palakkad, Kerala
Palakkad District - Kudavayoor
In Koduvayoor there are three Kannaki temples all located within a short distance to each other at Aathimara Chodu, Kunnumpuram, and Vepin Chodu. The Koduvayoor Kannaki temples are well known for their famous folk dances the "Kanniyar kali" and "Thalapoli" performed at their annual festivals. These ritualistic temple dance has its origin to the belief of calming down the Goddess Kannaki by her followers, after she met the great tragedy at the royal court of the Pandyan king at Mathurai.
The following URL helps to have a glimpse of the above three Kannaki temple at Kudavayoor (Moothanthara), in Palakkad, Kerala
There is another Kannaki Temple at the Kudavayoor region of Palakkad district of Kerala known as Oduvanpara Kannaki temple, and appears to be a temple of recent construction.
The following URL helps to have a glimpse of the above Kannaki temple at Kudavayoor in Palakkad, Kerala known as Oduvanpara Kannaki temple
Palakkad District - Vadakkanthara
At Vadakkanthara Bagawathy temple is another Kannaki temple with her height idol in the shrine. Vadakkanthara vela (festival) is celebrated once in three years in the month of Kumbam (February-March), to receive the blessings and protection of Goddess Kannaki. This is one of the famous festivals of Palakkaadu.
The Kannaki in this temple is said to be very powerful and rush of devotees is large, especially on Tuesdays and Fridays. The Koottu Payaasam valipaadu (worship) at Uchcha puja is famous and the taste of the payasam prasadam is pleasent.
The following URL helps to have informations on the above Kannaki temple at Vadakkanthara in Palakkad:
Palakkad District - Nedumpati Mannam
It is also said that the earliest Kannaki temple in Palakkad was established at Nedupati Mannam but the temple was reduced to rubble by king Tippu Sultan.
Palakkad District - Valiyangadi
Also at Valiyaangadi (Vali Angaadi [in Tamil] = Street Market))in Palakkad there is an old Sri Kannaki Amman temple which was recently renovated. It is said the history of the temple began with the advent of Kannaki the great heroine of the epic Silappathikaaram. After breaking the anklet in the court of Paandiyan king to prove the innocence of her husband she came to Kerala then called as Chera Nadu and settled there for the remaining period.
The following URL helps to have a glimpse of the above at Valiyaangadi (Moothanthara), in Palakkad, Kerala
Though it could be accepted the old Kannaki temple was of some historical antiquity, the legend connected with this temple have no credence as historically Kannaki didnot come deep in to present Kerala beyond the Mangaladevi Malai (Neduverlkuntram) at Kuminly Idukki district at the present Kerala/Tamil Nadu border, that too she demised at the end of fourteen days since she left Mathurai and not settled for the remaining period as held by the traditions held regarding the importance of the region of this temple.
It was only Kovalan's father, Kannakis parents, and Manimekalai Kovalan's daughter by Mathavi came to Vanji Nagar (Kodungallur) the Chera capital city, and settled therein after their hometown Kaviripoompattiam was swallowed up by sea.
Palakkad District - Thiruvaalathoor
The Kannaki deity in this temple is known as Mukkolackal Ceerbakkavu. The custodians of this temple are well to do goldsmiths. The festival in this temple falls in the month of Markali and Kannaki story is recited in Malayaalam language after the Pujas.
The following URL helps to have a glimpse of the above at Thiruvaalathoor:
"Kannaki story" related song from the Malayalam Film "Kannagi" of the year 2001"
In Karnataka
Dakshin Kannad District - Mangalore
The Mangalore region on western coast of India adjoining the Arabian Sea and north of present Kerala is almost an island between the converging Netravati and Gurpur rivers. It is confirmed in Sillapathikarem, that the king of the Kongar dynasty of Tuluva Nadu too was present at the consecration ceremony of the Kannaki temple at Kumily. The Tuluva Nadu of that period had as it's capital the present Mangalore.
Also from Silappathikaaram it is seen Kannaki Koattam (temple) was also known as the "Mangala Madanthai Koatam" a direct equivalent of "Mangaladevi temple", and it is 'quite possible' the king of Tuluva Nadu on his return to his capital city, named it after Kannaki as "Mangalapuram" which became the present Mangalore. The Kongar king of Tuluva Nadu also built there a temple to Goddess Kannaki named as "Mangaladevi temple". The fact that it was a former Kannaki temple is further confirmed by the praise songs on Mangaladevi in Kannada, which also refers to her as Bhagavathi as in Kerala and as Rajarajeswari as in Tamil Nadu.
However the present traditions only holds that this temple at Mangalore is venerated to Goddess "Sakthi" known as "Mangaladevi", undoubtedly it is the 'forgotten truth' of the worship of Kannaki as Mangaladevi of Mangalore - which presently forms a part of Karnataka state of India.
A video on Mangaladevi temple at Mangalore
Courtesy: Vanitha TV - YouTube
Courtesy: ETV TV - YouTube
Courtesy: ETV TV - YouTube
In Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu was the place of origin of the "Kovalan - Kannaki episode" of Silappathikaaram with Kaviripoompattinam (Poompuhar) being the birthplace of "Kannaki and Kovalan", and the great tragedy having taken place in Mathurai with Kovalan being wrongly be-headed by the ruling Paandiya king Nedunjeliyan, and ended up at Neduverl kuntram at Kumily in Idukki district in Kerala where Kannaki met her death and later deified.
The Kannaki Cult spread in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka and Sri Lanka. Thus many Kannaki temples and Maariamman (another name for Kannaki as she was also regarded as the Goddess of Rainfall) temples came into existance in the Tamil Nadu. However with the domination of Vedic priests in the temples of Tamil Nadu they converted the Kannaki temples into Kaaliamman and Rajarajeswariamman temples. This is further confimed by the fact many of the Amman Images on stone and bronze Deities in the above temples of Tamil Nadu still have the Silambu in one hand.
Thiruchirappalli District - Uraiyur
The Kannaki worship was introduced in Chola Nadu by the Chola king Perungkilli the successor to the Chola king Nedumudikkilli. It appears the Nedumudikkilli who participated in the "Indra Villa" at Kaviripoompattinam where Kovalan met Mathavi for the first time, died within a period of three years towards the time of the consecration ceremony of the Kannaki statue in the temple built at Kumily, and his successor Perungkilli was the Chola king who participated at the the consecration ceremony.
The Chola king Perungkilli on his return to Chola country after his participation at the consecration ceremony, built a temple for Goddess Paththini at Uraiyur the inland capital of Cholas, and arranged for her daily worship at this temple (as per Silappathikaaram)
The reason for king Perungkilli for having built the first Kannaki temple in Chola Nadu at the location of Uraiyur the inland capital, rather than the seaport capital the Kaviripoompattinam, was due to the fact the city of Kaviripoompattinam was destroyed by a big sea erosion that swept the city, at a time between the "Indra Villa" and the Kannaki Statue consecration ceremony.
The present Venkaliamman temple of Uraiyur seems to have some connection with the earlier Kannaki temple built by Chola king at Uraiyur. This inference is further confirmed as the Venkkali Amman of Uraiyur too has a Silambu in her hand which confirms this was an earlier Kannaki Temple. This is clearly noted from the following Video on this temple.
Thanjavur District - Thanjavur
The Chola emperor Rajendra Chola - 1 who invaded Sri Lanka in A.D.1017 took the Sinhalese king Mahinda-5 and his family as captives to the Chola capital Thanjavur, and apparently settled them in his capital city. During this period the Queen of king Mahinda said to have requested Rajendra Chola to provide her the continued facilities to worship Goddess Pattini, and accordingly he built a temple for Pattini closer to the Thanjavur Rajarajaeswarem temple (the present Birahatheeswarem temple). {This information awaits confirmation in respect of it's authenticity}
This temple of Goddess came to be known as the 'Singala Naachchiyaar Koyil (temple)' meaning temple built for the Sinhalese "lady of high dignity"(queen ??), and presently known in it's corrupted form as 'Sengkalachchi' temple derived from the word 'Singhala Naachi'. Even today there are religious rituals conducted in this temple to the presiding Goddess.
Perambalur District - Siruvachur
The tradition hold that Kannaki left the burning city of Madurai and proceeded northwards. Near the city of Trichy, Kannagi came across an Amman temple and decided to rest there for the night. The temple's presiding deity was Chelliamman. Kannaki went into the deserted temple, and came to know of a Socerrer who comes there and harmed the devotees. On that day too the great surprise the Socerer appeared, and Kannaki sprang out and with one sweep of the sword she cut his head off.
There after Kannaki took over the seat of Chelli at the temple. She came to be known as "Madhura-Kaaliamman", since she had come from Madurai and considered as an incarnation of Kaali. Soon, word spread of her power all around and people started coming to this temple. The town of Siruvachur became famous with the the Madura-Kaaliamman temple known for the grace and protection of the presiding deity.
We cannot give much credence to this tradition as Kannaki never went northwards towards Perambalur, but westward along the Vaikai river and it's branch the Suruli river towards Cheranadu (Kerala). Further under wiered physical condition and heart broken mental condition she would not ever had the energy to cut the head and kill the Socerer with a sword. However there should be some other connection of this Temple with Goddes Kannaki which has to be further researched.
The Temple of Madura Kaaliamman (Kannaki) - Siruvachur. Courtesy: "Temples of Tamil Nadu" - Website.
The following URL too helps to have a glimpse of the temple and existing traditions in connection with the Madura Kaaliamman at Siruvachur:
Karuvur District - Karuvur
There is a temple of Goddess Vanchi Amman at Karuvur, and it is said this statue of the deity is less of a breast. It is undoubtedly a Kannaki temple, as the Kannaki statue in the second Kannaki temple built by Cheran Chenguttuvan at Vanji Nagar (Kodungallur) now known as Kodungallur Baghavathi temple, is also referred to as the "Ottrai Mulaitchi" (single breasted) Amman. As this single breasted Amman temple of Kannaki was at Vanchi, there is a good possibility the temple at Karuvur was built to represent the Goddess of Vanchi at Karuvur, and hence it was called as Vanchi Amman temple of Karuvur.
Thiruvallur District - Thiruvottriyur
Within the complex of the Thiruvottriyur temple (north of present Chennai) there exists a Thurkai Amman temple. This Goddess is presently also known as the Vattapuri Amman. In this temple today there exists a practice with a long tradition in which at the end of the fifteen days festival a false panthal is built, and following some rituals is burnt reminding the devotees the Kannaki's burning of the city of Mathurai. This goes to prove that this Thurkkai Amman temple formally was a Kannaki Amman temple.
Thiruvallur District - Thiru Evvul
At Thiru Evvul (in north-west Chennai) in the Thiruvallur District there is a Vainava Temple known as Sri Veeraraghava Perumal Temple. While the principal deity of this Temple is Perumal, there are other seperate Sannithis (Sanctums) within this temple complex dedicated to other deities, and one such Sannithi is that of Goddess Kannaki.
The following URL helps to know of the Kannaki temple at Thiruvallur:
Mathurai District - Mathurai
There is a Sellathi Amman temple closer to a region called Simmakkal in the North street highway in Mathurai. Here exists in the mandapa in front of the karuvarai on a pedstal the statue of the deity Sellaththaal with an anklet in one hand which is in fact the statue of Kannaki. The tradition holds that on the way to the Mathurai City, Kovalan and Kavunthu Adikal left Kannaki in the care of Mathari of Ayar Cheri on the outskirts and proceeded to the city. With the great tragedy that took place in Mathurai and Kannaki being deified the people of the region built a temple to Kannaki which is now refered to as Sellathi Amman temple. (re-discovered by the Scholar C.Govindaraasanaar)
Mathurai District - Mathurai
The traditions still exist in Mathurai the capital city of former Paandiya Nadu, that it was at Kovalompottal near Palanganatham in Mathurai that Kovalan of Silappathikaaram - the husband of Kannaki was killed, by the city guard of Pandiya king on his instruction.
This valuable information was provided by Thiru Podalangai and Thiru P_R of mayyam.com as follows:
".......In villages around Madurai, you used to be able to find people who could tell you a lot of legends about Kannagi connected with places around Madurai - in their spoken Tamil, they called Kovalan "Kovalom" and Kannagi "Karnagi" or "Karni". There's a place called "Kovalompottal" where they believe Kovalan was killed......."
".......There's a place called "Kovalompottal" where they believe Kovalan was killed.......place near PazhangAnatham. There is a graveyard with a huge banyan tree there. Local tales there say that is the place where Kovalan was killed (there is now a residential area a little further away called Kovalan Nagar which was my stomping ground when growing up). Long back I heard that they found some sherds of bural pots there. But they have not excavated the place, because it is still used by the people as a graveyard......."
Tamil Nadu Archaeological Department who did excavations at this spot has discovered Urn Burials with bones. Is that have anything to do with the traditions that "Kovalan" of Silappathikaarem was decapitated at the Kovalan Pottal region ???? (Further studies have to be made on same to come into any positive conclusions)
Other traditions relating to Kannaki in the present Tamil Nadu
Coimbatore District - Pollaachi
Presently there is a community known as Mudhuvans who are also known as the Adivasis of the region located in the mountains west of Pollachi, who claim to be descendents of people who accompanied Kannaki as she left Madurai after the great tragedy. Kannaki is feared and worshiped among this community even today.
Neelagiri District - Udahamandalam
Today there Thoda community of the Udahamandalam claim the deity Durga Baghavathi whom they worship is the one who burnt the Paandiya Nadu for having killed her husband for the sake of an anklet
In Sri Lanka
The worship of Goddess Pattini was introduced into Sri Lanka from South India by king Gajabaahu - 1(A.D.113-135). She was considered as the goddess of chastity and virtuous life and provides blessings of wellbeing to all. She was worshiped for cure from infectious diseases, and at times of drought and famine in the country, for unfailing rain and crops.
The worship of Goddess Kannaki as "Pattini" found a place of importance among the Sinhalese in Sri Lanka along with the other deities, and today many Pattini devales (temples) are found in the Sinhalese regions of Sri Lanka. Prominent among them are the Pattini devales at Anuradhapura, Kandy, Nawagamuwa and Matale.
The worship of "Pattini" by her real name as "Kannaki" (also as Kannakai) Amman found grounds among the Tamils of Sri Lanka, especially in the Batticaloa, Amparai, Wanni, Trincomalee, Mannar and Jaffna regions, and presently there are many Kannahai (Kannaki) Amman temples are found in these regions.
Rajaavaliya a 'seventeenth century' historical chronicle of Sri Lanka states that king Gajabaahu - 1 brought the Pattini worship and the gold anklets to Sri Lanka. The contemporary period Tamil Literary work Silappathikaaram of the 'second century' states as follows:
"......The king Gayavaahu of ocean surrounded Ilangai (Sri Lanka) built a temple for Nangai (reverend lady = Pattini) and an alter for daily offerings considering her as one who destroys evils and bestows favours, and in the month of August held a festival 'in the city' and taken several times, there had been rain fall with unfailing agriculture and all prosperity......."
The location of the first Pattini temple built by king Gajabaahu - 1 is mentioned as 'in the city' in Silappathikarem, undoubtedly it was his capital city of Anuradhapura of Sri Lanka, but the exact location not known. Today we are made aware that at Isurumuni temple in Anuradhapura there is a beautiful Pattini statue with one anklet in hand, but the antiquity of this statue is not not known.
In the city of Kandy there exists today a Pattini (Paththini) devale (temple) of rectangular brick structure on a stone basement closer to the famous "Dalada Maligawa" - being the temple of the sacred Tooth Relic of Lord Buddha venerated by all Buddhists of Sri Lanka.
This temple celebrates an annual festival in the month of July/ August, and also performs religious rituals held daily to the deity Pattini at this devale. The month was being considered as a period for virtuous life and kept sacred for the Pattini's blessings, for the availability of plenty of rain and water in the country leading to its prosperity as recorded in the Sinhalese text 'Pattini-Halla'.
In the last five days of this period there are Peraharas (ceremonial processions) conducted on each day dedicated to the Sacred Tooth Relic of Lord Buddha carried in a Golden casket on a beautifully decorated elephant. This procession is followed by the processions of the other four deities in sequence, first being that of the deity Natha (Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara), followed by that of the deity Vishnu, the deity of Kataragama (Skanda), and the deity Pattini - with their respective golden armours and the golden anklets carried on elephants, with the final Randoli perahara being conducted on the full moon night of the month of August.
The following URLs helps to have a glimpse of the 'Kandy Esala Perera', in which is also seen the procession from the Pattini temple too moving out, with the signia of Silambu being taken to be placed on an elephant. In this temple a screen with the picture Pattini is seen having two Silambus (anklets in both hands). Also the temple priest is seen waving two other Silambus at the begining of the procession. This Procession of Pattini is sequenced at the last in the procession of the Esala Perahara, and noticed by the procession entirely with female Dancers while the other processions are with male Dancers. In the third Video the commentator mentions of Pattini worship and its origin from the (Tamil) Epic Silappathikaaram, also seen the Pattini Signia the Silambu being taken in procession on an elephant:
The first two Videos listed below illuminates on the Final Day Perahara dedicated to goddess "Pattini", who was "Kannaki" of great Tamil Epic "Silappathikarem" - fame. This Perahera is part of the major "Kandy Esala Perahara" dedicated to "Lord Buddha" - being one of the most beautiful pagents of South & South-East Asia.
- Kandy Esala Perahara - Pattini Devalaya Perahara, Courtesy: LankaMaxQ - YouTube
These combined ceremonial processions (Peraharas) dedicated to Lord Buddha, Natha, Vishnu, Katharagama deviyo (Murukan) and Pattini are very populerly known today as the famed "Kandy Esala Perahera".
There is also another Buddhist Temple at Kandy known as the 'Lankatillaka Vihare', where other than the main temple dedicated to Lord Buddha there are six more shrines within this temple complex, one of which is dedicated to Goddess Pattini.
At Nawagamuwa situated on the way to Avissawella from Colombo there is a Pattini devale. The legend holds that this Pattini devale close to the Kelani river, traces its origin as early as the Anuradhapura period.
The Pattini Devale was earlier famed as the Pattini Kovil. Mention is made in the Sinhalese Chronicle 'Godagama Sannasa' that Sinhalese king Buvanekabahu V (A.D. 1521 - 1580) made a royal decree for the gift of oil to be made use at the Nawagamuwa Pattini Kovil perahara. This Pattini devale, which is the main devale at Nawagamuwa, has a gold plated statue of the goddess Pattini enshrined within.
The following URL helps to have a glimpse of the Pattini Temple at Nawagamuwa, Sri Lanka:
- Nawagamuwa Pattini Devalaya Perahara Courtesy: Udayakumara - YouTube
There is a Pattini Devale on top of a hill at the village Wilbawa in the Kurunagalla district, said to have been built during the period of the king Gajabahu - 1. Here the Pattini worship is done with a Silambu (Silamba). Annualy at the end of the paddy harvesting in the month of March/April a Perahara festival is held in honour of Pattini. Also in the month of Oct/Nov a special festival held in her honour with the lighting of fifty Lamps. The water-cutting ceremony at the end of the festival takes place at the lake of Kurunagalla.
Pattini Devales in the other regions of Sri Lanka
There are further Pattini devales at Ammaduwa in Ratnapura district, Hanguranketa in Nuwara Eliya district, Weediyagoda in Kalutara district, Helahalpe in Badulla district, and also at Devinuwara, at Godagedera Devale, Maduwe Devale, Nurugala Kovila, Galmaduwa Kovila, Galmangoda Kovila, Gotakapola Kovila, Waturugama Devalaya, Doka Welikanda Palliya. Usweli Kanda Devale, Kosgoda Devale, Duwe Modera Kovila, Devage Kovila and Gappumulla Aliya Kovila.
The other well-known Pattini Devales are at Dedigama, Medagoda in Sitawake, Seenigama in Hikkaduwa, Saman Devale in Ratnapura, and the Purana Ranakadu Pattini Maha Devale in Kaduwela.
The following URL helps to have informations on the Maduwe Pattini Dewale and Pattini Dewales in other regions of Sri Lanka:
Sri Muthumaari Amman temple situated at Matale in the up-country region, is a very sacred shrine well known today where Pattini is worshipped along with the other Hindu deities. This temple was built around two centuries ago by South Indian Traders who did trading at Matale and the surrounding tea estates regions. This temple underwent renovations recently with a newly built 'Raja Koburum' 108 feet tall.
In the month of February/March the annual festival take place in this temple, and in this month of Maasi on the Makam Natchaththiram day the Ther (Chariot) festival takes place to evoke the blessings of Gods, including the Goddess Pattini. Thousands of devotees flock to this temple to offer poosaikal (pujas), and many with their new born babies to get the blessings of the Gods.
The statues of the Gods Murugan, Ganesha, Sivan & Ambal, Chandeshwarer and Goddess Pattini are kept in beautifully decorated and illuminated Ther (Chariots), and drawn by devotees along the streets of Matale in the morning and finally returns to the temple. Earlier there was only one chariot made to take Goddess Pattini around the streets of the Matale, but later four more Chariots were added to take all deities in this procession.
It is said that presently around half a million people attend the annual Ther festival of this temple where Goddess Kannaki is worshiped as Pattini - with much reverence and devotion for her blessings.
The following URL helps to have informations on the Matale Muthumaariamman temple of Sri Lanka, where Pattini Theivam too is worshipped:
It is said presently there are more than twenty five Kannaki (Kannakai) Amman temples found in this region. There is a Tamil literary work known as "Udukuch Chinthu" which refers to Kannaki temples at Anganaakkadavai, Kaarai theevu, Vantharumoolai, Chetti Paalayam, Kaluvaanchikkudi, Veeramunai, Thurai Neelavanai, Thambiluvil, Kalmunai, Kallaaru, Mahilur, Eruvil, Puthukkudiiruppu, Muthalaikkuda, Kokatichcholai, Chittraandi, Manmunai, Kaluthaavalai, Aaraipattrai, ThuraiNeelaavanai, Chiththaandi, Pattinagar and one at Thaandavanveli.
Kummi Paadal on Kannaki at the Temple in Kaluvaanchikkudi. Courtesy: tkaranj - YouTube
Kummi Paadal on Kannaki at the Temple in Thambiluvil. Courtesy: Anjanan Vivek - YouTube
The following URL helps to have informations on the Thandavanveli Kannakai Amman Temple at Batticaloa in Sri Lanka
Many of these temples are opened once a year during the festival time in the period of May/June, and ending on the fullmoon day of the Tamil month of Vaikaasi (May/June)
At Mullaitheevu in Vanni district there is the famous Vattraapalai Kannakai Amman Koyil. On the full moon day in the month of Vaikaasi (May/June) worshippers have Pongal festival and pray to Kannaki for her blessings which draws a very large crowd annually.
The following URL helps to have informations on the Vattraapalai Kannakai Amman Temple in Mullaitheevu in Vanni district in Sri Lanka. In this Website under the subheading 'Pattini (Kannaki) cult' the photos of this temple and the Kannakai Amman bronze statue too can be viewed
In this region too there are many Kannaki (Kannakai) Amman temples found today, where annual festivals and daily pusai rituals are conducted to Goddess Kannaki. Among these temples are those found at Thuvaali in Tellipalai , VanVadametku in Aanaikottai, Kalaiyodai in Navaali, Vannaankulam in Omanthai, Urelu, Pulloli metku, Pulloli thetku, Kovitkulam in Mirusuvil, Pakkatti in Kodikaamam, and Palaanai in Kopaai.
Kaaraitivu Island
There is a Kannakai Amman temple at Kaaraitivu Island also in the north-west of Jaffna which underwent A Kumbaabishekam recently.
The Bronze Statue of Kannakai Amman enshrined at tis temple with a Silambu on her right hand.
http://www.tamilcnn.ca/historic-kara...ay-photos.html Courtesy: Tamil CNN - YouTube
Pungudutheevu Island
There is a further Kannakai Amman temple at Kannakaipuram in the Island of Pungudutheevu also in the north-west of Jaffna.
Other traditions relating to Kannaki in the present Sri Lanka
Western Coastal regions of Sri Lanka
It is said there had been Kannaki (Pattini) temples along the western coastal regions of Sri Lanka, and with the capture of these regions by the Portugese in the sixteenth century, they have been replaced by them with St Anne's Chuches.
The following URL helps us to have informations on Kannakai Amman temples that have been thus replaced with St Annes Churches
As seen above the worship of Goddess Kannaki has also been deeply rooted among the Tamils in Batticaloa, Jaffna and Wanni over a long time. However it was unfortunate that the Hindu Revivalist of Jaffna of the British period - Sri Lanka, namely 'Aarumuga Naavalar' has said that Hindus should refrain from worshipping Kannaki as she was of a different religion (Jainism). It is said following him many Kannaki temples in the north, were turned into different Amman temples during his time.
An indepth study of Silappathikaaram reveals that Kannaki was from the Tamil Vanikar (Trading) Community of then Chola Nadu which was part of the present Tamil Nadu, and was a Hindu by religion unto her last.
Also refer to a clip from the "Hindu" - News Papers of Tamil Nadu, on the study 'by others' in Sri Lanka - on Kannaki Cult in Sri Lanka at the following URL
The above is Under further construction...........


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I will be using this blog to post reviews which will include products I have used as well as sites I have joined that I earn money on. You will also see me post sweepstake and contests as well. Enjoy and don't forget to subscribe!
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subset: commoncrawl


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Welcome back, Classic-Castlers, and welcome to the new forum!
So far we've not seen any problems with the forum, but if you see something that shouldn't be there or is missing, please report it to an admin immediately. If you find a potential exploit, please, think of the greater community here and don't take advantage of it, just report it.
If you are having problems logging in, it's probably because there was a problem with your password getting lost in the conversion process. Since none of the Admins and Mods have had a problem yet, I expect this to be a very rare occurrence. However, if it's happened to you, use the "forgotten password" function.
Please expect some growing pains as we get used to this new forum software. There are many more features available to everyone than what we're used to, and there is sure to be some things we've missed to implement or turn off from the upgrade.
A little information: It's taken over 18 hours of work to convert the forum. About a third of this time was totally automated (but needed constant supervision to press "OK" buttons), and another third was for testing and tweaking.
We would like to thank you for your patience in this time of upgrade, and we hope you continue to enjoy your stay here at Classic-Castle.com!
--The C-C Team


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April 24, 2006
The Lipscomb University track team faced more than 900 competitors from over 40 universities at the Vanderbilt University meet Saturday.
"It was a thrilling, ending the season on such a positive note with so many shattered records," said Lipscomb track coach Karen Robichaud. "Our runners ran toe-to-toe with established programs, scoring more points than some of the Southeast's big dogs. It was a huge confidence boost for us all to compete so well against programs with exponentially bigger teams, coaching staffs, and budgets."
Susan Worden ran a strategically brilliant race to shatter the school 5K record with a time of 17:53.46; Worden placed third overall in the 5K, scoring points for the Lady Bisons. On Worden's heels for most of the race was junior Samantha Wood who ran her personal record of 18:10.40 placing seventh out of 39 competitors and adding more points for Lipscomb. Amanda Wright and Candice Cox finished the second heat well, posting personal bests for the season.
Junior Elizabeth Schall ran her personal record of 4:23.29 one of our school's fastest times in the 1500M, finishing ninth out of 57 competitors.
"With Ruth Mick and Candice Cox graduating, some big shoes must be filled if our distance program is going to sustain a competitive edge in the A-Sun conference," said Robichaud. "As these performances indicate, juniors Susan Worden, Elizabeth Schall, Sam Wood and Amanda Wright are ready for the challenge."
Mick, who has grown accustomed to breaking school records this year (in cross-country 18:04. and in the 800M 2:15.20) dropped another school record to place second overall in the steeplechase event with a time of 11:05.80
Furthermore, Danielle Graham beat Belmont's and Southern Illinois's jumpers to jump the school record in the long Jump of 17 feet and two inches.
"The successes tonight represent the culmination of the hard work and sacrifices these ladies have endured the last ten months," said Robichaud. "It's been a pleasure to work with such exceptional athletes."


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Celebrating illustration, design, cartoon and comic art of the mid-20th century.
Monday, October 16, 2006
The Heir to Dorne's Throne: Jon Whitcomb
What's this? How could Albert Dorne's American-as-apple-pie mom in the kitchen lose her crown to Jon Whitcomb's Hollywood-starlet-in-the-boudoir? Why would I call Whitcomb the "heir to Dorne's throne? In terms of style and subject matter, you wouldn't typically place Jon Whitcomb next to Albert Dorne - but listen; these two illustrators had more in common than you'd notice at first glance. This week we'll look at how Jon Whitcomb supplanted Albert Dorne as the most popular illustrator in America.
You can find these images at full size in my Flickr Photostream.
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Renaissance Tower
Star Seismic Europe's anti-seismic devices have been installed in a new Istanbul high-rise, Renaissance Tower
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Star Seismic Europe Ltd. delivers seismic protection for the new generation Intel chip plant in Kiryat Gat. The US$ 6 Bn. worth project is the largest technology investment in Israel's history. The Star Seismic BRB technology was specially recommended by the US engineering firm in charge.
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The final fixing of the Star Seismic BRB braces ended in complete customer satisfaction
Star Seismic Europe's anti-seismic devices have been installed in a new Istanbul high-rise, Renaissance Tower
We would like to express our gratitude to everyone who has visited us at our booth at the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal between September 24-28, 2012.
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Test results of certain elements according to EN 15129 and ECCS protocols are available on our website. The paper describes detailed test results of two Star Seismic BRBs. The tests were performed at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, in the Structural Laboratory of the Department of Structural Engineering.
Cost advantages of Buckling Restrained Braced Frame buildings in accordance with Eurocode study of Star Seismic Europe compares Buckling Restrained Braced Frames to Concentrically Braced Frames as primary lateral load resisting systems from an economical perspective. It investigates the expected total costs of a 3-story and a 7-story steel frame structure for three different bracing options.
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Location: Istanbul, Turkey
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Max. length: 4.5m
Location: Santa Ana, California, USA
Star Seismic BRB members were used for the lateral support of the reinforced concrete parking structure of the John Wayne Airport of a total cost of 48.5 million dollars.
Location: Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Force range: 141 - 194kN
Max. length: 2.8 - 3.1m
Star Seismic Europe Ltd. has realized a pilot project in Plovdiv, Bulgaria as part of the new 51.5MW capacity power plant of EVN. We have fabricated 6 BRB elements with 141 and 194kN elastic capacity which were installed in one of the technological structures of the power plant. In the project we have designed our standard Wildcat elements to conne...
Location: Osceola, Arkansas, USA
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To maximize survivability during and after a seismic event, over 300 Star Seismic BRBs have been used in the UCSF Medical Center project in San Francisco, USA.
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The Star Seismic Europe BRB system was selected in the California Lottery design; the result was fewer braces, less material, smaller beams and columns.
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The practice facility of the Seattle Seahawks football team was completed in 2008. The training complex is also known as the Virginia Mason Athletic Center, in Renton, USA. An indoor training field is part of the facility, which has a height of over 20 meters. The designers recognized the advantages of BRBF and employed Buckling Restrained Braces i...
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The 64-story One Rincon Hill tower in San Francisco was the first structure in which BRB elements were used in the outrigger system. The diagonals which connect the outer steel columns and the concrete core are located between levels 26 to 32 and levels 51 to 55. Total of 16 BRB elements are used in the structure. With the support of Performance-Ba...
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As a design-assist project, Star Seismic's Buckling Restrained Braces were selected because of their cost-effectiveness and the ability to display the braces on the exterior of the building. After analysis of cost, loads and length, a welded Wildcat connection was chosen.
Star Seismic Europe's anti-seismic devices have been installed in a new Istanbul high-rise, Renaissance Tower


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NEWS UPDATE: March 19, 2010
TVShowsOnDVD.com who announced this week that the Jim Henson classic comedy special, Dog City will be released on DVD on June 8, 2010. An early look at the DVD cover art (pictured at right) shows that Rowlf, a prominent player in the spcecial, will be in the special. This is a great sign for Disney/Henson relations for future releases. I'll keep you posted on any future updates about the DVD and its release.
Remember when the Muppets appeared on Christmas at Rockefeller Center on NBC this past December? As you'll recall, most of the country only got to see Kermit and the gang singing "It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year" and missed out on seeing The Electric Mayhem's first television performance in years. Well, some kind soul has uploaded the video of Dr. Teeth and the band performing "Run, Run Rudolph." Be sure to check it out. It's fantastic to see the triumphant return of everyone's favorite band!
In other news, "Muppet King Arthur" #3 and "The Muppet Show Comic Book: On the Road" #3 have been released these past two weeks and are showing very positive reviews. Be sure to check your local comic book store for these great continuations of these Muppet stories.
Various Hollywood insiders are reporting that Jason Segel will officially play the human lead in the new Muppet movie. Which... is something that most Muppet fans have assumed since the script was announced (probably because Segel said he was going to play the human lead). Still no word on the official plot or title of the film (they're still fighting with marquee companies on how to fit "The Greatest Muppet Movie of All Time" or "The Cheapest Muppet Movie Ever Made" onto their signs.
The Muppet Mindset by Ryan Dosier
Mar 19, 2010
News Update: March 19, 2010
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Department of Educational Foundations & Leadership
Foundations of Peace Education: An Online Graduate Certificate Program (12 credit hours)
|This page contains information for the Online Graduate Certificate in Foundations of Peace Education in the Department of Educational Foundations and Leadership. For more information, please contact Professors Snauwaert or Feucht using the contact information below.
On this page:
Objective of Certificate Program
The Online Graduate Certificate in Foundations of Peace Education program is designed for education professionals working in a variety of educational environments ranging from P-12 schools, community colleges, universities, and non-government organizations. This certificate will provide students with the concepts, skills, and values to infuse peace education throughout the curriculum, thereby providing them with opportunities to be employed in a variety of educational settings. The program caters to an interdisciplinary and international audience.
The certificate could be used strategically to fulfill minor and cognate requirements or to develop a general concentration in the foundations of education in various master's and doctoral degree programs at The University of Toledo and other universities.
Out-of-state students and international students may want to consider completing the online graduate certificate at The University of Toledo and transferring the credit to their home institutions. All students pay the lower in-state tuition for the online certificate.
Our program is unique in the way that it caters to interested students across the globe: Get a U.S. degree without applying for a visa, leaving your country, or paying international student fees.
Defining the Foundations of Peace Education
Peace education is a learning process designed to develop the capacity of global citizens to critically understand and transform all forms of violence and the patterns of thought that justify and support them in order to contribute to the creation of a more just and peaceful world. The Foundations of Peace Education explore the philosophical, sociological, and psychological basis of this learning process.
The program requires completion of four (4) graduate courses at the master's or doctoral level (12 semester credit hours). All courses are offered online through distance learning.
Start with TSOC 5600/7600 Foundations of Peace Pedagogy (required)
- The purpose of this course is to introduce the basic concepts, theories, and approaches to peace education. The course explores the theories of peace education, including pedagogical approaches to peace-learning. The course also introduces the substantive areas of peace education.
Select three (3) additional courses chosen from the following list
Educational Psychology Focus:
- EDP 6/8120: School Violence Theory, Prevention, and Intervention
- EDP 6/8370: News Media Literacy, Society, and the Mind
- EDP 6/8360: Thinking and Reasoning in School Context
- EDP 6/8990: Independent Study in Educational Psychology
Philosophy Focus:
- TSOC 6/8390: Theories of Justice and Educational Policy
- TSOC 6/8310: Major Educational Theorists
- TSOC 6/8320: Education and the Democratic Ethic
- TSOC 6/8330: Ethics of War and Peace and Education
- TSOC 6/8340: Human Rights Education
- TSOC 6/8350: Environmental Ethics and Education
- TSOC 6/8990: Independent Study in Educational Foundations
Faculty Who Currently Teach Program Courses
We are excited for more faculty to join the online certificate program.
The Online Graduate Certificate in Foundations of Peace Education program is affiliated with following institutions and resources:
Admission Process and Criteria
The application process for the Certificate Program is entirely completed online. The following are minimum application requirements to be considered for admission to the Online Graduate Certificate Program in the Foundations of Peace Education. The University of Toledo application requirements and other relevant information are available at the College of Graduate Studies website. Using the links to the College of Graduate Studies, an applicant can apply to the program online.
In addition to the general College of Graduate Studies admission requirements (click here for requirements), the Graduate Certificate program requires the following from the prospective graduate students:
- A baccalaureate degree from an accredited four-year institution. However, if the prospective graduate students are planning to teach in P-12 schools, they must have a teaching licensure in a specific subject area or discipline.
- Official transcripts
- Three recommendation letters, which may come from such sources as the undergraduate major adviser, current employer, school principal or others who are knowledgeable about the applicant's ability to engage in graduate work in the desired program.
- A statement describing the prospective graduate students' background and goals as well as the importance of the degree in achieving those goals.
- The program has selective admissions and may admit a limited number of graduate students. Thus, meeting all formal criteria does not guarantee admission.
- All graduate degree-seeking applicants must apply for admission to the Certificate program prior to graduation.
Students seeking admission to the program will need to file one online application through the College of Graduate studies.
If you have any difficulty selecting the appropriate application or finding information related to financial support for international students, please contact the College of Graduate Studies at 419.530.4723 or email firstname.lastname@example.com
Dale Snauwaert
Online Graduate Certificate in Foundations of Peace Education
Educational Theory and Social Foundations Program
Department of Educational Foundations and Leadership
- Phone: 419.530.2478
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Florian Feucht
Online Graduate Certificate in Foundations of Peace Education
Educational Psychology Program
Department of Educational Foundations and Leadership
- Phone: 419.530.2553
- Email: email@example.com
College of Graduate Studies:
- Phone : 419.530.4723
- Email: email@example.com


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Re: RPG - Coruscant attack
Inyri was fully enraged by this latest disturbance from Ronun. She was certain that he was unconcious when placed inside his holding cell, but that mattered little now. She stormed over to where Bareth still sat atop Ronun's body, holding his face to the permacrete floor. As she came near she nodded to Bareth that it was ok to retrieve him from the ground. Ronun was dirty, bruised and slightly bloodied from his encounters and seemed like such a slight figure compared to Bareth in his beskar'gam as he lifted him to his feet.
It looked as if all the fight had finally been knocked out of Ronun, when he was slammed into the floor. Inyri rushed Ronun and pinned him to the wall by his throat. With her whole arm pushing on his windpipe she spoke to him through slightly clenched teeth, the only sign that she was angry.
"You have caused me more trouble than you're worth Ronun. Perhaps I should kill you now." Inyri gracefully spun the man around into the other side of the wall, hitting him hard, still pressuring his neck with her arm. "Ah but you want to know why I have bothered with you in the first place. But I think you know... Daric Choard."
Ronun's eyes grew in recognition and surprise of the name. "Yes you heard me right," Inyri began as she loosened her hold on his neck. She grabbed his face in her free hand."Daric Choard means something to you. And it means something to me more importaintly. You can't hide or fake it past me. And if you think you can try this 'I'm a simple delivery man' routine on me anymore your life is FORFIT!" Inyri screamed and slammed the man's head into the wall.
The revealed Daric slumped to the floor, concious, but in no shape to stand on his own power.
"I am not warning you Daric. You are going to help me, tell me what I want to know from you, and you still could prosper from this. If not... i certainly hope I don't need to remind you of what will happen."
Inyri started to walk away from the two men still in the hallway, the sound of her heels echoing off the peremacrete. "And Bareth, "
"Yes Inyri?"
She noted that he had called her by her first name and not by the "ma'am" that he had been usuing. Perhaps this was trust? Maybe some respect? It was unimportaint now.
"Good job with subduing our guest, yet again. I can see you were well worth the wait. Take Daric and place him in the close containment field. He won't get out again. And see to it that he gets a medpack. I won't work with someone in his condition." With that she turned, smiled to herself, and walked away down the hallway.
"Suggestion: Electrocution works well. Evisceration and Decapitation are also effective, or um, so I've heard."


text:
Quick Facts:
The Department of Urban Studies & Planning
is composed of four specialization areas (also referred to as Program Groups):
There are also three cross-cutting areas of study: Transportation Systems Planning, Urban Information Systems (UIS), and Multi-Regional Systems Planning.
These planning specialties can be distinguished by the geographic levels at which decision making takes place—neighborhood, city, regional, state, national, and global. Subspecialties have also been described in terms of the roles that planners are called upon to play, such as manager, designer, regulator, advocate, educator, evaluator, or futurist.
A focus on the development of practice-related skills is central to the department's mission, particularly for students in the Master of City Planning (MCP) professional degree program. Acquiring these skills and integrating them with classroom knowledge are advanced through the department's field-based practicum and studios subjects, research, and through internship programs.
For a full description of the department its program groups, and curricula see the Institute Catalog.
Many of the courses developed by DUSP faculty are provided free to the public through MIT's Open CourseWare site.
Over the past half-century, developed countries have experienced rapid urbanization around their edges and deindustrialization in their cores; economic restructuring has had uneven impacts between and within regions. In decades to come, most of the world's urbanization will occur in the metropolitan regions of Africa, Latin America and Asia, in settlements that lack the infrastructure, resources, and organization to cope with the challenges that confront them. Over the same period, the United States will add over 100 million new residents to metropolitan areas that are increasingly ethnically diverse and persistently unequal, and whose postwar infrastructure is largely crumbling. Cities worldwide will have to deal with climate change, large-scale migration, changes in family structure, rapid technological change, and other powerful forces.
As a department, we can address many, but not all, of the challenges associated with urban development in the twenty-first century. To this end, we must build on our strengths in design and physical planning in order to focus on five critical areas. Each of these domains reflects a globalized world and offers rich opportunities for learning through research, teaching, and engagement in the field. Each domain requires collaboration across disciplines and specializations in our department, thinking and doing at multiple scales (neighborhood, city, region, national, global), and significant innovation in the ways in which we train professionals and define excellence in practice. The following five critical focus areas will strengthen our existing comparative advantages.
Our moral vision is translated into professional education in distinct ways:
Students at DUSP find a unique program reflected in the Department's goals and objectives:
City Planning, was first offered at MIT in September 1933 and led to the degree of bachelor in architecture (Course IV-B). The object of the new course was to "encourage in the architectural student a breadth of outlook which will enable him to see city planning problems in a broad perspective," and to equip him so that he is "qualified to cooperate intelligently with engineers, landscape architects, lawyers, economists, and sociologists in the planning or replanning of urban areas."
The five-year course was taught from the architect's perspective and required the student to complete the first three years of the architectural curriculum or an acceptable equivalent.
In 1935 the Executive Committee of the Institute's Corporation approved a master's program called the Master in City Planning (MCP) and courses in city planning, design and research and administration were approved by the faculty. Harvard University closed its School of City Planning the following year, and MIT became the only institution offering a master's degree in city planning in the United States at that time.
In 1942 Course IV-B was renamed City and Regional Planning and reduced to a four-year program with a new curriculum that was no longer parallel to the program in architecture but included planning courses in the first year and an office practice course in the summer of the third year. The following year the School of Architecture became the School of Architecture and Planning to reflect the growing importance of the subject to the profession of architecture.
In February of 1947 Course IV-B became the Department of City and Regional Planning (DCRP) in the School of Architecture, and Adams became the first department head. Enrollment in the program more than doubled the prewar figures; graduate students outnumbered undergraduates and the demand for planners exceeded the number of students graduating. Because the field was a relatively new one, the members of the new department struggled to obtain enough adequately trained personnel to meet the demand and to maintain high standards of instruction. The department continued to accept as its primary responsibility the training of technically qualified practitioners in the field of city and regional planning and housing rehabilitation.
In 1954 the DCRP undergraduate program was eliminated and the department became a graduate school, offering only the two-year M.C.P. degree. Planning courses at the undergraduate level were offered as electives. The M.C.P. program focused on the study of the large-scale physical environment and its interaction with society.
By 1955 many of the planning positions obtained by the graduates of the program required policy decisions of both an economic and an administrative nature. Students looking for relevant training sought interdepartmental degrees at the doctoral level. This growing phenomenon, coupled with an interest on the parts of educational and operating institutions in planners with more advanced training, led the DCRP to consider offering a doctoral program within the department.
In 1958 the M.C.P. program changed its core curriculum to stress the planning and design aspects of the city as a whole and to decrease emphasis on the design of small elements such as subdivisions. Also in 1958 the department first offered a Ph.D. program in city and regional planning and the Center for Urban and Regional Studies was established under the directorship of Lloyd Rodwin. A parallel center was established at Harvard and the two were intended to be integrated and interdisciplinary in their research approaches. The focus of the center's research was the physical environment of cities and regions, the forces that shape them, and the interrelations between urbanization and society. The key areas of interest included the form and the structure of the city, transportation, technology, controls, the planning process, the urban landscape, and the physical planning problems of developing countries. The center greatly enhanced the research potential for students and faculty of the DCRP.
In 1961 a new research methods course provided training in the application of modern electronic computing to planning problems. New M.C.P. and Ph.D. curricula offered during the same period focused on the visual design of cities, regions, or large city areas, with a view towards the objectives of redevelopment projects, and larger issues involved in urban renewal. Also in 1961 the high demand for planning education by foreign students from developing countries caused the department to examine the very different training such planners would require. In 1966 Course IV-B became Course XI. By 1967 the heightened interest in urban problems and urban studies throughout MIT increased both the research and teaching capacity of this multidisciplinary field. Within the department, work developed primarily in four directions: city design; planning for developing areas; urban planning and social policy; and quantitative methods.
Also in 1967 the department initiated the Special Program in Urban and Regional Studies (SPURS), funded by the Ford Foundation. The program offered a fellowship for one year of intensive study to international students, with preference given to persons from developing countries. The fellowship was aimed at mature candidates who would shape policy in developing nations and enhance their capacity to cope with potential development problems.
In the spring of 1968 the department inaugurated the Laboratory for Environmental Studies. The lab received financial support from the MIT Urban Systems Laboratory, the Harvard-MIT Joint Center for Urban Studies, and grants and contracts from foundations and federal agencies such as the Economic Administration and the Department of Housing and Urban Development. The lab's activities fell into four areas of concern: race and poverty; psychological perception studies; developing countries; and information systems for urban analysis.
The name of the department was changed in 1969 to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning (DUSP) to reflect a shift in focus from an emphasis on the structure of communities to a broader concern with issues of urban and regional development. To meet the rising demand for training in urban services and social policy, the DUSP began to offer courses in the areas of educational planning, health planning, welfare policy, social program development and evaluation, poverty law, and strategies for institutional change.
In 1984 the MIT faculty voted to approve a Master of Science in Real Estate Development program subject to a five-year review. In the same year the Center for Real Estate Development was founded. The objective of the center was to sponsor research programs on issues relevant to the real estate development and investment fields, which offered significant research opportunities for the department.
In 1990 the department was organized into five research/teaching clusters: City Design and Development, Housing Community and Economic Development, International Development and Regional Planning, Environmental Policy and Planning The non-degree Community Fellows and SPURS programs continue to operate. The Community Fellows Program was renamed the MIT Center for Reflective Community Practice in 1999.
In 2002, the Department again recast the MCP core curriculum, centering it on two "Gateway" classes-- "Planning Action" and "Planning Economics," while retaining required subjects in Microeconomics and quantitative Reasoning. The new core also increased the emphasis on communication skills and required students to take a workshop-style "practicum" subject.
In 2007 the SENSEable City Lab was established with the aim of researching the impact of technology, especially sensors and hand-held electronics on the built environment. In 2012 the Center of Advanced Urbanism, a joint effort between the department and Architecture, was founded to engages in interrogation, reflection and redefinition of design and planning within the 'big four' fields of design: urban planning, architecture, landscape architecture, and urban design.
In 2015 the department received one of the largest gifts in MIT history, from alumnus Samuel Tak Lee '62, SM '64, to establish a real estate entrepreneurship lab that will promote social responsibility among entrepreneurs and academics in the real estate profession worldwide, with a particular focus on China. The gift funds fellowships to attract both U.S. and international students; supports research on sustainable real estate development and global urbanization; and makes the lab's curriculum available online to learners worldwide via MITx.
Heads of the Department
The School of Architecture and Planning comprises the Department of Architecture, the Department of Urban Studies and Planning (DUSP), the Program in Media Arts and Sciences (MAS), the Media Laboratory, the Center for Real Estate (CRE), and the Center for Advanced Visual Studies (CAVS). Both departments, as well as MAS and CRE offer advanced degrees and include opportunities for joint programs with other departments. The Media Laboratory and the Center for Advanced Visual Studies do not confer degrees but are research based. The Media Lab houses the MAS program and provides its students a unique environment to explore basic research and applications without regard to traditional divisions among disciplines. CAVS offers an art-based platform for collaborations between artists, scientists, and technologists.
The School of Architecture and Planning builds on pioneering traditions. The first university instruction in architecture in the United States began at MIT in 1865. The program in city planning, established in 1933, was the second in the country. The presence of architecture and urban studies and planning in the same school reflects a deeply held conviction that the two disciplines, sharing a common intellectual tradition, provide mutually illuminating and critical perspectives on each other.
For more information, please visit the School of Architecture and Planning web site:
The work of the Department of Urban Studies and Planning is supported by range of sources, including Institute funding, foundation and grant support, and donations from alums and friends.
If you'd like to make a donation to help support the activity of the Department, please visit the MIT Giving Page, where you can see a complete list of gift designations and programs to support our work and our students.


text:
Inge Wegge and Jorn Ranum spend nine months of cold, Norwegian winter in the isolated and uninhabited bay of a remote, arctic island by the coast of Northern-Norway, facing nothing but the vast Atlantic Ocean and some of the worlds finest surfing waves...
Inge Wegge, Jorn Ranum, Heikki PuussaWatch Trailer
|**Presented with English Subtitles**
Inge Wegge and Jorn Ranum spent nine months of cold, Norwegian winter in the isolated and uninhabited bay of a remote, arctic island by the coast of Northern-Norway, facing nothing but the vast Atlantic Ocean. There they built a cabin out of driftwood and other cast-off materials that washed up on shore, and ate expired food the stores would otherwise have thrown away. But the boys brought with them two items of utmost importance: Their surfboards - perhaps their biggest motivation for the arctic adventure. Because the remote bay holds a well kept secret Some of the worlds finest surfing waves...
|Surfing Documentaries, Foreign Surf Films
|Inge Wegge, Jorn Ranum, Heikki Puussa
|Jorn Ranum
|Wegge Films
|not rated
|Running Time
|45 minutes
|Audio Language
|Norwegian | Stereo
|Download Resolution
|HD | 1280x720 (1.41 GB) SD | 848x480 (651.29 MB)
|Streaming Resolution
|HD | 1920x1080
|Additional Features
|Chapter Markers
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text:
After 76 years, this is the last week to dine at the original Davie Street location of Clyde Cooper's Barbeque, a downtown Raleigh landmark of slow-cooked pork shoulders, crunchy pig skins and thick, tangy Brunswick stew.
If you want to sit on a stool at the steel-edged beige laminate counter or in the one remaining wooden booth, you need to get there by Friday. On Saturday, the restaurant will likely only be offering takeout. The restaurant owners have to get everything out by Monday.
"Everybody is sad to a certain degree," said owner Debbie Holt, "but you have to get past it."
Holt and her husband, Randy, are focusing on reopening Clyde Cooper's Barbeque around the corner at 327 S. Wilmington St. by April 9.
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When a customer asked last week about the move, Holt, known for her wide-open quips, said: "I'll be so officially broke that somebody will have to buy me new underwear."
The original Clyde Cooper's building, believed to date to 1884, will be torn down to make way for the Edison, a mixed-use development that will include a 13-story office building and two apartment complexes. One of the apartment complexes, the 23-story SkyHouse Raleigh tower, is expected to be completed by the end of the year.
The entire Edison project, the work of developer Gregg Sandreuter, will fill most of the block bounded by Blount, Davie, Wilmington and Martin streets.
The Holts, who did not own the building, tried working with Sandreuter to figure out a way to stay in the original location, but it was not possible. With the advice of former City Manager Russell Allen and Raleigh developer Steve Stroud, Debbie Holt said they found a new location in a new storefront in a parking deck on Wilmington Street.
Even though many Cooper's fans expect Holt to grouse about Sandreuter, she said he has been quite helpful and even promised to hang a plaque commemorating Clyde Cooper on the site of the original restaurant.
For customers who love the old building, the new restaurant will have familiar touches. More than half a dozen wooden booths have already been moved to the new space. The green awning emblazoned with "Cooper's BBQ" that used to perch outside is hanging on a wall overlooking the new dining room. And all the photographs, pig trinkets and kitschy plaques – even the mounted hog's head strung with Mardi Gras beads – will find a home in the new place.
Last week, Holt was checking on the Gurkin Construction crew's progress in the new location. One of the owners, James Gurkin, suggested covering the ends of the worn, dingy wooden booths facing the front door with new wood.
Debbie Holt was having none of it: "I want people to see the old booths, for people to know they are here."
The change is bittersweet for the staff. Waitresses and best friends, Johnsie Worsley and Fredia Pennington, who have worked at Clyde Cooper's for 24 and 12 years respectively, watched their children grow up there. Worsley's son and Pennington's daughter did countless hours of homework sitting on stools at the counter. (Joshua Worsley, now 24, works at the restaurant alongside his mother.)
"They came here every day after school, and then we put them to work wiping tables," Pennington said.
Worsley added: "It's our second home."
Head cook James Bolton, who has worked at Clyde Cooper's for 32 years, is ready for the new space.
Many people may not realize that the restaurant's two pig cookers are upstairs on the second floor. Twice a week, the restaurant gets a delivery of nine boxes of pork shoulders; each box contains four shoulders and weighs about 65 pounds. Bolton has to lug those boxes up a narrow staircase to the second floor coolers and then carries tubs of cooked barbecue back down those stairs, now sticky from years of use, 21 steps each time.
"I hate those steps," James Bolton said. "I'll be glad to be rid of those steps."
Sitting at the counter Tuesday eating barbecue sandwich specials were David Nance, 54, of Cary and John Stephenson, 44, of Raleigh. Both men meet regularly for lunch at Cooper's and plan to eat at the new location. Although Nance has one condition: "They got to take the grease with them."


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The embattled Metra Board now has the minimum membership necessary to elect a chairman in the wake of five scandal-tainted resignations.
And the votes Tuesday to fill two of the vacancies come in the wake of a memo absolving Jack Schaffer, McHenry County's representative, of wrongdoing in forwarding confidential documents to former CEO Alex Clifford, whose resignation sparked the scandal.
The DuPage and Kane county boards on Tuesday filled their vacant seats on the 11-member board with former county board member John Zediker and former bankruptcy judge Manuel Barbosa. The votes bring the Metra Board up to eight members, the minimum under its bylaws needed to elect a chairman and, eventually, a permanent replacement for Clifford.
The board could be brought up to nine if the Chicago City Council approves Mayor Rahm Emanuel's pick of former Alderman Martin Oberman.
Schaffer was under fire after reports surfaced that he forwarded internal documents to Clifford in the months before his ouster, for which Schaffer cast the sole opposing vote. Critics charged that the information may have enabled Clifford to wrangle his hefty separation agreement, which could total $718,000.
A Sept. 4 memo from acting Metra General Counsel Sue-Ann Rosen concluded that Schaffer's communications with Clifford did not violate any attorney-client privileges or fiduciary duties. The memo also concludes that Schaffer's actions "likely had no impact on Clifford's claims or the settlement negotiations."
"I think [the memo] vindicates the fact that I didn't do anything that I shouldn't have done," Schaffer said Monday.
This latest scandal began when the Metra Board bought out Clifford with eight months remaining on his first contract. As lawmaker outrage grew, a memo from Clifford became public, in which he alleged that former board Chairman Brad O'Halloran and board member Larry Huggins wanted him gone for refusing to go along with patronage hiring and questionable contracting decisions.
O'Halloran, who represents southern Cook County, resigned under pressure. Huggins resigned after Emanuel asked him to do so – Oberman will be his replacement if approved by the City Council. Zediker and Barbosa replace former members Paul Darley and Mike McCoy, who stepped down in the weeks after Clifford's departure.
In a Monday interview, Schaffer said Oberman would be a good pick because he "is not part of the Chicago way." Oberman served as an independent alderman who represented the 43rd Ward for 12 years, and according to Emanuel earned a reputation as a "vigilant protector of taxpayer interests."
"He's very clearly not a patronage hack," Schaffer said. "He's not going to put up with that."
Clifford was hired in 2011 to clean up Metra after the scandal surrounding former CEO Phil Pagano, who led the agency for two decades. Pagano killed himself in 2010 near his rural Crystal Lake home by stepping in front of a Metra train hours before the board was set to fire him for collecting $475,000 in unauthorized vacation payouts and other fiscal irregularities.
Four Metra Board members stepped down in the wake of the Pagano scandal.
After this newest scandal, Gov. Pat Quinn last month convened a task force to investigate fraud and suggest reforms of all four Chicago-area mass-transit agencies.
If Oberman's appointment is confirmed, the two remaining vacant seats will be those of O'Halloran and former member Stanley Rakestraw, who was forced to resign by Cook County Board President Toni Preckwinkle after it was revealed that Rakestraw no longer met the residency requirement.


text:
I liked John Cale's version better, but a song like this is hard to do badly.
31 March 2009
Late night
Posted by shadowfax at 11:01 PM
6 comments:
One of my favorites. Though that is not the best performance of that song by Rufus Wainwright it isn't horrible.ReplyDelete
- Gingerale4/01/2009 3:05 AM
Thank you, Shadowfax. The song is lovely and I find it both challenging and rewarding to sing at home. I think I like the version from Shrek.ReplyDelete
I'm looking forward to Leonard Cohen's visit next month to your town:
- Anonymous4/01/2009 3:48 PM
I really like Jeff Buckley's version Love the song.ReplyDelete
- Anonymous4/03/2009 9:55 PM
k.d. lang has a good one:ReplyDelete
I vote for John Cale. CBC radio did a segment on the fascination with this song. It made me laugh as I could relate. I'll see if I can find the podcast and send it to you.ReplyDelete
This excerpt was the part I could relate to. I remember the first time I heard the John Cale performance - it felt like I had found a hidden treasure. Not knowing that everyone else felt the same way!ReplyDelete
..."And this particular--and particularly amazing--trick is a big part of why, no matter how it comes to you, "Hallelujah" always manages to seem like a discovery. It can pass through a thousand corporate paws and be marked by them all, arriving at its destination in the form of a TV show or a mass-market major-label CD or a bunch of pop idols. The song is just so strange--so alien, so smart, so densely packed with signifiers--that it doesn't seem possible that it's actually part of mainstream culture, no matter how much mainstream culture embraces it. Clive Davis himself could hand it to you, but this would just seem like evidence of Clive's human side rather than another slime-dripping part of the corrupt music industry."
The CBC radio show about this song can be found on you tube:


text:
glossy needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 45 designs submitted by 20 freelance designers.
This is a specialised technology company. We need a logo, cards, envelope, letterhead for the new company.
See below
Innovative Solutions
Desired Color Scheme:
based on mother's company colors but also include blue color optionally
Desired Style:
corporate, industrial, clean
Accepted File Formats:
Vector Formats (.eps, .pdf or .ai)
The new logo should be based on the colors of the mother company. You can see the mother's company logo here:
We need the logo and stationary in vector format (one of eps, ai, png etc.).
You could also use the blue color in the logo of the new company as it is vendor for water systems, automation systems for water distribution networks as well as for street light management, telecommunication networks, energy production plants etc.
Feel free to ask questions.
I'll be watching the contest closely and provide feedback. We'll choose the winner IMMEDIATELY! We need the logo and the stationery as soon as possible!
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


text:
Get the Flash Playerto see this player.
|Mr. Skin
Short review: Mr. Skin is a man obsessed with nude actresses. His site features celeb nude scenes in mainstream film and TV from the well-known to the obscure. You'll find celeb skin moments like Jennifer Aniston's nude scene in "The Good Girl", and Phoebe Cates' famously stroke-worthy pool scene in "Fast Times as Ridgemont High". He reviews movies and tells you exactly when, where, and how naked stars get.
Content Amount: On each actress' page, you will find photos and video clips. The clips often range in length. The "Skin Time", or time an actress shows some nudity may be a quick, five second nip slip, while longer ones may include a full 2 minutes of nudity.


text:
A word of "Thanks" and appreciation to the "Cat of the Year" team for an outstanding day!
A vote of thank to five fine judges - Ngaio Crawley (SACC President), Rita Wiseman, Gail Nel, Jan van Rooyen & our own special "Zulu" boy, living in the Netherlands, Kaai du Plessis.
The Gala Dinner & prize giving was perfectly orchestrated by Shirley Addison & Rita Wiseman. The Royal Canin sponsors are thanks, and in particular Audrey & Natasha.
Karen Pepler ably kept members of SACC entertained and updated on all the happenings of COTY, many days prior to the event.
Congratulations to Jan van Rooyen for his President Award from the President of SACC for a job always well done.
Karen Pepler
I became a member of the Natal Cat Club affiliated to GCACC of SA in 1977 when I bought my first Persian, and started exhibiting and stewarding. By 1980 I had started breeding Persians (Cattery Stoneleigh) and shortly thereafter started training to be a Judge of Persian/Exotic and Mediumhair breeds, followed by Siamese/Oriental. After the SA Cat Fancy split I completed the Foreign Judge course with CFSA to become an All Breeds Judge.
My involvement in the SA Cat Fancy includes:-
GCACC of SA: Chairperson and Secretary of the Natal Cat Club. Show Manager.
Delegate to GCACC of SA for 8 years.
Founder Member of the Persian Cat Society Breed Group.
SACC: Chairman, Secretary and Treasurer for PCS. Show Manager and Show Admin.
Delegate to SACC.
KZN COTY Scorekeeper.
Secretary of IJN Panel of Judges. Assisted the SACC KZN Panel with Judge training.
SACC Vice President 2014.
SACC President 2015.
Judging: I judge for SACC and guest judge for CFSA and WCF in South Africa and have judged in Australia, Europe and South America.
I have been part of the Cat Fancy since 1985. I was involved with SACC Transvaal Cat Fancy as a steward and then migrated to Show Manager in 1988. In 1996 the IJN Judges Panel (SACC) was formed and I was a founder member. The first judging course in 1996 under Su Jacobs began with the Siamese/Oriental breeds. The Persian Course was the last course that was completed in 2002 after which I qualified as an All Breeds Judge with SACC CJI Judges Panel.
• Committee member of TCS, CCC and ECCC
• Positions served: Steward, Show Manager, Chairperson, Vice Chairperson and Treasurer.
• Independent Judges Network:- Chairperson, Treasurer & Tutor Judge
• Judges Council Chairperson
• COTY Show Manager / Event Co-ordinator
• Governing Council Delegate for ECCC
CFSA I have judged for CFSA in Johannesburg and currently am holding an All Breeds Guest Judges Licence.
WCF I have an All Breeds Guest Licence for WCF.
My overseas judging assignments started in 2002 and I am still currently travelling overseas on a regular basis. I have judged for WCF, European Independent Cat Fancies, TICA and Loof. I have judged internationally in America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Russia.
I breed Siamese and Orientals and have been lucky enough to have many cats that I have bred and or owned participate in SACC Cat of Year. My Turkish Van Neuter was the CAT OF THE YEAR in 2001. In 2012 two of my Siamese neuters were placed 2nd and 3rd at the same competition.
My Black Oriental came 3rd in 2008 at Cat of the Year. I have a small household of 5 cats which are like my children. One could say they are spoilt rotten.
I was first introduced to the "cat world" when I acquired a Tortiepoint Siamese in 1980. I entered her in a show and was amazed to return after lunch and find her cage festooned with rosettes – needless to say, she was the only Tortiepoint on show!
The bug had bitten though and I then acquired my first Oriental – a Havana from the Dumas Cattery. At about the same time, I became involved on the CFC Committee and started stewarding.
One thing led to another and I started my judging course in 1987, and qualified All Breeds in 1995.
The first Supreme Oriental that I bred was Sp Pr Westwood's Mr Mistoffelees who was the first cat to supreme in a year in South Africa! Misty, as he was affectionately known, was Neuter of the Year in 1993 and 1994, and he appeared in seven consecutive Cat of the Year finals in total.
I still breed Siamese and Orientals, and have been breeding Maine Coons for the past 18 years as well – under the cattery name of Westwood. I have bred many Supreme Champions over the years and many have been finalists in past Cat of the Year competitions. I currently have 7 cats at home – 3 Orientals, 3 Maine Coons, and now a Norwegian Forest Cat female, whom I will start breeding with next year.
I have 20-year-old twin daughters and work as Marketing Manager of Times Media, the largest media company in South Africa.
I have judged extensively in South Africa and Zimbabwe, as well as all over Australia and New Zealand during the past 18 years. I have been Chairperson of the Transvaal Cat Society for over 22 years.
I have been breeding Burmese since 1989. My cattery name is ZION. I have also bred a few Tonkinese litters over the years. The Lilac Burmese is my passion and I bred the first Lilac Supreme Champion in 1995 - Sp Ch Zion Princess Zona. Some of my breeding has qualified for COTY over the years and I am particularly proud of our lilac girl, Sp Ch Zion Amandla, who was third in 2001. I am also proud to state that by importing cats from Australia, I assisted in improving the type and eye colour of the Burmese in South Africa. I also encouraged other Burmese breeders to do the same and today the Burmese are winning Best in Shows all over the country.
I started the first course in 1995 and qualified for the Foreign Group of cats in 1997. I then went onto qualify for the Long Hair Group in 1999, Medium Hairs in 2001 and became an All Breeds Judge in 2002.
Activity in Cat Fancy
• President of SACC from 2008 to 2011
• Treasurer of SACC from 2000 to 2007 and then again from 2012 to date
• Chairman of Rand Cat Club (RCC) from 1995 to 2002
• Show Manager for WODAC from 2003
• Show Manager for SACC for Kitten Show and National Show since inception
I currently live in The Netherlands.
I started breeding Persians in 1987. I have bred Persian and British short hair for many years.
I became a Committee Member of the Persian Cat Society in 1990 and am still a member of the Society. I have been the Treasurer and Chairman of the Persian Cat Society.
Vice president of SACC – 2002 & 2003.
President of SACC - 2004 to 2007. This was a position that I took very seriously at the time in order to ensure the promotion of the cat fancy and pedigree cats.
I have attended two World Cat Congress meetings:
• Hadfield UK 2006.
• Dortmund Germany 2007.
I started my first course in 1992 and received my All Breeds Judge status in April 2001.
I was a panel member of the Kwa-Zulu Natal Panel of Judges until December 2012 when I immigrated to the Netherlands.
I am currently a member of the Netherlandse Keurmeesters.
I have judged in many European countries.