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Sherco SM 125-F 2009
2009 Sherco SM 125-F specifications, pictures, reviews and rating
2009 Sherco SM 125-F. Picture credits - Sherco. Submit more pictures.
|Sherco's profilation of this bike
|The bike is practical, economical, easy to ride and ideal for those wanting a start in the biking world, taking advantage of regulations which favor the 125 cc, for those who appreciate the qualities of a bike that is ideal for day to day use, whether urban or rural.
|General information
|Sherco SM 125-F
|Super motard
|Do you know this bike?
Click here to rate it. We miss 2 votes to show the rating.
|Engine and transmission
|123.70 ccm (7.55 cubic inches)
|Engine type:
|Single cylinder, four-stroke
|Bore x stroke:
|54.0 x 54.0 mm (2.1 x 2.1 inches)
|Fuel system:
|Carburettor. Mikuni DM 20
|Fuel control:
|Single Overhead Cams (SOHC)
|Multidisc in oil bath
|Exhaust system:
|Inox steel
|Chassis, suspension, brakes and wheels
|Frame type:
|Built from Chrome-molybdenum forming a single structure
|Front suspension:
|Hydraulic telescopic fork Paioli
|Rear suspension:
|Olle single shock absorber, adjustable in spring preload
|Front tyre:
|Rear tyre:
|Front brakes:
|Single disc
|Front brakes diameter:
|260 mm (10.2 inches)
|Rear brakes:
|Single disc
|Rear brakes diameter:
|180 mm (7.1 inches)
|Physical measures and capacities
|Dry weight:
|99.0 kg (218.3 pounds)
|Seat height:
|910 mm (35.8 inches) If adjustable, lowest setting.
|Ground clearance:
|330 mm (13.0 inches)
|1,360 mm (53.5 inches)
|Other specifications
|Electric & kick
|Yamaha-Minarelli engine
|Further information
|Insurance costs
|Get estimated US insurance cost with a quote from Allstate Motorcycle Insurance.
|Parts finder
|Chaparral provides online schematics & OEM parts for the US. 2Wheels offers first time 2Wheels buyers $10.00 off now. Same day shipment to the US. Also check out our overview of motorcycle webshops at Bikez.info.
|Ask questions
|Join the 09 Sherco SM 125-F discussion group or the general Sherco discussion group.
|Loans, tests, etc
|Search the web for dealers, loan costs, tests, customizing, etc.
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|List related bikes for comparison of specs.
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text: Players were torn over Running Wild, mostly because each mount collected counts toward the achievement Mountain o' Mounts, which rewards a Red or Blue Dragonhawk to fly around on. Many Alliance players were upset over the fact that Horde players had an easier time collecting 100 mounts because of the Goblins' trikes. Horses make sense for Worgen, as Worgen are still essentially a Human nation, and Humans in Warcraft ride horses. These two particular mounts seem a bit plain, though. These new mounts are coming in most likely to ease the disparity between mounts when faction changes occur. All in all, this is good news for Alliance mount collectors.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Frequent Links
Open Access Articles- Top Results for Brussels
Palliative Care & MedicineCauses of Death and Incidence of Life-support Techniques Limitations in Oncological Patients Dying in the ICU: A Retrospective Study
Journal of Environmental & Analytical ToxicologyQuantification of Metal in the Hair of Copper Miners in Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo
Journal of Genetic Syndromes & Gene therapyRecent Advances and Future Perspectives in Lentiviral Gene Therapy for Hemophilia A and B
Brussels (French: Bruxelles, Template:IPA-fr; Dutch: Brussel, [ˈbrʏsəl] (13px listen)), officially the Brussels-Capital Region[5][6] (French: Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest),[7] is the capital and largest city of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union (EU) and headquarters for NATO.[8][9] Brussels is a regional level entity comprising 19 municipalities, including the municipality of the City of Brussels, which de jure is the capital of Belgium, in addition to the seat of the French Community of Belgium and of the Flemish Community.[10]
Brussels has grown from a 10th-century fortress town founded by a descendant of Charlemagne to a sizeable city.[11] The city has a population of 1.2 million and a metropolitan area with a population of over 1.8 million, both of them the largest in Belgium.[12][13]
Since the end of the Second World War, Brussels has been a major centre for international politics. Hosting principal EU institutions,[14] the secretariat of the Benelux and the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the city has become the polyglot home of numerous international organisations, politicians, diplomats and civil servants.[15]
Brussels is just a few miles north of the boundary between Belgium's language communities—French in the south, Dutch in the North. Historically a Dutch-speaking city, it has seen a major shift to French since Belgian independence in 1830. Today, although the majority language is French, the city is officially bilingual. All road signs, street names, and many advertisements and services are shown in both languages.[16] Brussels is increasingly becoming multilingual with increasing numbers of migrants, expatriates and minority groups speaking their own languages, and English often serves as a lingua franca.
- 1 History
- 2 Municipalities
- 3 Climate
- 4 Government
- 5 In Belgian politics
- 6 Seat of the French Community and Flemish Community
- 7 In international politics
- 8 Demographics
- 9 Culture
- 10 Sports
- 11 Economy
- 12 Education
- 13 Transport
- 14 International relations
- 15 See also
- 16 References
- 17 External links
The most common theory of the origin of Brussels' name is that it derives from the Old Dutch Broekzele or Broeksel, meaning marsh (broek) and home (zele / sel) or "home in the marsh".[17] The origin of the settlement that was to become Brussels lies in Saint Gaugericus' construction of a chapel on an island in the river Senne around 580.[18] Saint Vindicianus, the bishop of Cambrai made the first recorded reference to the place "Brosella" in 695[19] when it was still a hamlet. The official founding of Brussels is usually situated around 979, when Duke Charles of Lower Lotharingia transferred the relics of Saint Gudula from Moorsel to the Saint Gaugericus chapel. Charles would construct the first permanent fortification in the city, doing so on that same island.
Lambert I of Leuven, Count of Leuven gained the County of Brussels around 1000 by marrying Charles' daughter. Because of its location on the shores of the Senne on an important trade route between Bruges and Ghent, and Cologne, Brussels grew quite quickly; it became a commercial centre that rapidly extended towards the upper town (St. Michael and Gudula Cathedral, Coudenberg, Sablon area), where there was a smaller risk of floods. As it grew to a population of around 30,000, the surrounding marshes were drained to allow for further expansion. The Counts of Leuven became Dukes of Brabant at about this time (1183/1184). In the 13th century, the city got its first walls.[20]
After the construction of the city walls in the early 13th century, Brussels grew significantly. To let the city expand, a second set of walls was erected between 1356 and 1383. Today, traces of it can still be seen, mostly because the "small ring", a series of roadways in downtown Brussels bounding the historic city centre, follows its former course.
In the 15th century, by means of the wedding of heiress Margaret III of Flanders with Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, a new Duke of Brabant emerged from the House of Valois (namely Antoine, their son), with another line of descent from the Habsburgs (Maximilian of Austria, later Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, married Mary of Burgundy, who was born in Brussels). Brabant had lost its independence, but Brussels became the Princely Capital of the prosperous Low Countries, and flourished.
In 1516 Charles V, who had been heir of the Low Countries since 1506, was declared King of Spain in St. Michael and St. Gudula Cathedral in Brussels. Upon the death of his grandfather, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor in 1519, Charles became the new ruler of the Habsburg Empire and was subsequently elected the Holy Roman Emperor. It was in the Palace complex at Coudenberg that Charles V abdicated in 1555. This impressive palace, famous all over Europe, had greatly expanded since it had first become the seat of the Dukes of Brabant, but it was destroyed by fire in 1731.
In 1695, King Louis XIV of France sent troops to bombard Brussels with artillery. Together with the resulting fire, it was the most destructive event in the entire history of Brussels. The Grand Place was destroyed, along with 4000 buildings, a third of those in the city. The reconstruction of the city centre, effected during subsequent years, profoundly changed the appearance of the city and left numerous traces still visible today. The city was captured by France in 1746 during the War of the Austrian Succession but was handed back to Austria three years later.
Brussels remained with Austria until 1795, when the Southern Netherlands was captured and annexed by France. Brussels became the capital of the department of the Dyle. It remained a part of France until 1815, when it joined the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The former Dyle department became the province of South Brabant, with Brussels as its capital.
In 1830, the Belgian revolution took place in Brussels after a performance of Auber's opera La Muette de Portici at the La Monnaie theatre. Brussels became the capital and seat of government of the new nation. South Brabant was renamed simply Brabant, with Brussels as its capital. On 21 July 1831, Leopold I, the first King of the Belgians, ascended the throne, undertaking the destruction of the city walls and the construction of many buildings. Following independence, the city underwent many more changes. The Senne had become a serious health hazard, and from 1867 to 1871 its entire course through the urban area was completely covered over. This allowed urban renewal and the construction of modern buildings and boulevards characteristic of downtown Brussels today.
Throughout this time, Brussels remained mostly a Dutch-speaking city, though until 1921 French was the sole language of administration. During the 20th century the city has hosted various fairs and conferences, including the fifth Solvay Conference in 1927 and two world fairs: the Brussels International Exposition of 1935 and the Expo '58. During World War I, Brussels was an occupied city, but German troops did not cause much damage. In World War II the city was again occupied, and was spared major damage during its occupation by German forces before it was liberated by the British Guards Armoured Division. The Brussels Airport dates to the occupation.
After the war, Brussels was modernized for better and for worse. The construction of the North–South connection linking the main railway stations in the city was completed in 1952, while the first Brussels premetro was finished in 1969, and the first line of the Brussels Metro was opened in 1976. Starting from the early 1960s, Brussels became the de facto capital of what would become the European Union, and many modern buildings were built. Unfortunately, development was allowed to proceed with little regard to the aesthetics of newer buildings, and many architectural gems were demolished to make way for newer buildings that often clashed with their surroundings, a process known as Brusselization.
The Brussels-Capital Region was formed on 18 June 1989 after a constitutional reform in 1988. It has bilingual status and it is one of the three federal regions of Belgium, along with Flanders and Wallonia.[5][6]
|French name
|Dutch name
Template:Image label end
|Stad Brussel
The 19 municipalities (communes) of the Brussels-Capital Region are political subdivisions with individual responsibilities for the handling of local level duties, such as law enforcement and the upkeep of schools and roads within its borders.[21][22] Municipal administration is also conducted by a mayor, a council, and an executive.[22]
In 1831, Belgium was divided into 2,739 municipalities, including the 19 in the Brussels-Capital Region.[23] Unlike most of the municipalities in Belgium, the ones located in the Brussels-Capital Region were not merged with others during mergers occurring in 1964, 1970, and 1975.[23] However, several municipalities outside of the Brussels-Capital Region have been merged with the City of Brussels throughout its history including Laeken, Haren, and Neder-Over-Heembeek, which were merged into the City of Brussels in 1921.[24]
The largest and most populous of the municipalities is the City of Brussels, covering Script error: No such module "convert". with 145,917 inhabitants. The least populous is Koekelberg with 18,541 inhabitants, while the smallest in area is Saint-Josse-ten-Noode, which is only Script error: No such module "convert".. Despite being the smallest municipality, Saint-Josse-ten-Noode has the highest population density of the 19 with 20,822 inhabitants per km2.
Under the Köppen climate classification, Brussels experiences an oceanic climate (Cfb). Brussels' proximity to coastal areas influences the area's climate by sending marine air masses from the Atlantic Ocean. Nearby wetlands also ensure a maritime temperate climate. On average (based on measurements over the last 100 years), there are approximately 200 days of rain per year in the Brussels-Capital Region.[25] Snowfall is infrequent, averaging 24 days per year.
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This page is a soft redirect. Climate data for Brussels
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This page is a soft redirect.Source: KMI/IRM[26]
The Brussels-Capital Region is one of the three regions of Belgium, while the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community do exercise, each for their part, their cultural powers on the territory of the Region. French and Dutch are the official languages; most public services are bilingual (exceptions being education and a couple of others). The Capital Region is predominantly French-speaking—about 60–85%[27][28][29] of the population are French-speakers (including migrants and second language speakers), and about 10–15%[29][30] are native Dutch-speakers. In January 2006, of its registered inhabitants, 73.1% are Belgian nationals, 4.1% French nationals, 12.0% other EU nationals (usually expressing themselves in either French or English), 4.0% Moroccan nationals, and 6.8% other non-EU nationals.[31]
Because of how the federalisation was handled in Belgium, but also because the municipalities in the region did not take part in the merger that affected municipalities in the rest of Belgium in the seventies, the public institutions in Brussels offer a bewildering complexity. The complexity is more apparent in the lawbooks than in the facts, since the members of the Brussels Parliament and Government also act in other capacities, for example, as members of the council of the Brussels agglomeration or the community commissions. One distinguishes:
The region is governed by a parliament of 89 members (72 French-speaking, 17 Dutch-speaking, parties are organised on a linguistic basis) and an eight-member regional cabinet consisting of a minister-president, four ministers and three state secretaries. By law, the cabinet must comprise two French-speaking and two Dutch-speaking ministers, one Dutch-speaking secretary of state and two French-speaking secretaries of state. The minister-president does not count against the language quota, but in practice every minister-president has been a bilingual francophone. The regional parliament can enact ordinances (French: ordonnances, Dutch: ordonnanties), which have equal status as a national legislative act.
- The agglomeration, with a council and a board, with the same membership as the organs of the Brussels Region. This is a decentralised administrative public body, assuming jurisdiction over areas that elsewhere in Belgium are exercised by municipalities or provinces (fire brigade, waste disposal). The by-laws enacted by it do not have the status of a legislative act.
- A bi-communitarian public authority, Common Community Commission (French: Commission communautaire commune, COCOM, Dutch: Gemeenschappelijke Gemeenschapscommissie, GGC), with a United Assembly (i.e. the members of the regional parliament) and a United Board (the ministers—not the secretaries of state—of the region, with the minister-president not having the right to vote). This Commission has two capacities: it is a decentralised administrative public body, responsible for implementing cultural policies of common interest. It can give subsidies and enact by-laws. In another capacity it can also enact ordinances, which have equal status as a national legislative act, in the field of the welfare powers of the communities: in the Brussels-Capital Region, both the French Community and the Flemish Community can exercise powers in the field of welfare, but only in regard to institutions that are unilingual (for example, a private French-speaking retirement home or the Dutch-speaking hospital of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel). The Common Community Commission is responsible for policies aiming directly at private persons or at bilingual institutions (for example, the centra for social welfare of the 19 municipalities). Its ordinances have to be enacted with a majority in both linguistic groups. Failing such a majority, a new vote can be held, where a majority of at least one third in each linguistic group is sufficient.
- The Brussels Region is the only one that is not subdivided into provinces, nor is it a province itself. Within the Region, 99% of the areas of provincial jurisdiction are assumed by the Brussels regional institutions. Remaining is only the governor of Brussels-Capital and some aides. Its status is roughly akin to that of a federal district.
- 6 inter-municipal policing zones
- intercommunal societies created freely by the municipalities
Also the federal state, the French Community and the Flemish Community exercise their jurisdiction on the territory of the region. 19 of the 72 French-speaking members of the Brussels Parliament are also members of the Parliament of the French Community of Belgium, and until 2004 this was also the case for six Dutch-speaking members, who were at the same time members of the Flemish Parliament. Now, people voting for a Flemish party have to vote separately for 6 directly elected members of the Flemish Parliament.
Due to the multiple capacities of single members of parliament, there are parliamentarians who are at the same time members of the Brussels Parliament, members of the Assembly of the Common Community Commission, members of the Assembly of the French Community Commission, members of the Parliament of the French Community of Belgium and "community senators" in the Belgian Senate. At the moment, this is the case for Mr. François Roelants du Vivier (for the Mouvement Réformateur), Mrs. Amina Derbaki Sbaï (since June 2004 for the Parti Socialiste, but beforehand, since 2003, for the Mouvement Réformateur) and Mrs Sfia Bouarfa (since 2001 for the Parti Socialiste).
In Belgian politics
Despite what its name suggests, the Brussels-Capital Region is not the capital of Belgium in itself. Article 194 of the Belgian Constitution establishes that the capital of Belgium is the City of Brussels, a smaller municipality within the capital region that once was the city's core.[32]
However, although the City of Brussels is the official capital, the funds allotted by the federation and region for the representative role of the capital are divided among the 19 municipalities, and some national institutions are sited in the other 18 municipalities. Thus, while only the City of Brussels itself officially carries the title of capital of Belgium, in practice the entire capital region plays this role, and the national institutions of the Belgian state are spread loosely around the region.[citation needed] A lot of controversy exists concerning the division of 19 municipalities for a highly urbanized region which is considered as one city by most people. Most French-speaking politicians want the 19 municipalities to stay. Flemish politicians want to abolish the so-called '19 baronies' in favour of one city council and one mayor, change the current municipalities into districts (like Antwerp), boroughs (like London) or arrondissements (like Paris).[33]
Seat of the French Community and Flemish Community
The Brussels-Capital Region is one of the three federated regions of Belgium, alongside Wallonia and the Flemish Region. Geographically and linguistically, it is a bilingual enclave in the unilingual Flemish Region. Regions are one component of Belgium's institutions, the three communities being the other component: Brussels' inhabitants deal with either the French (speaking) Community or the Flemish Community for matters such as culture and education.[34]
Brussels is also the capital of both the French Community of Belgium (Communauté française de Belgique in French) and of Flanders; all Flemish capital institutions are established here: Flemish Parliament, Flemish Government and its administration.[35]
- 2 community-specific public authorities, French Community Commission (French: Commission communautaire française or COCOF) and the Flemish Community Commission (Dutch: Vlaamse Gemeenschapscommissie, VGC) for the Flemings in Brussels, with an assembly (i.e. the members of parliament of the linguistic group) and a board (the ministers and secretaries of state of the linguistic group). These commissions implement policies of the French Community and the Flemish Community in the Brussels-Capital Region.[34]
- The French Community Commission has also another capacity: some legislative powers of the French Community have been devolved to the Walloon Region (for the French language area of Belgium) and to the French Community Commission (for the bilingual language area).[36] The Flemish Community, however, did the opposite; it merged the Flemish Region into the Flemish Community.[37] This is related to different conceptions in the two communities, one focusing more on the Communities and the other more on the Regions, causing an asymmetrical federalism. Because of this devolution, the French Community Commission can enact decrees, which are legislative acts.
In international politics
Brussels has, since World War II, become the administrative centre of many international organizations. The European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) have their main institutions in the city, along with many other international organisations such as the World Customs Organization and EUROCONTROL as well as international corporations. Brussels is third in the number of international conferences it hosts[38] also becoming one of the largest convention centres in the world.[39] The presence of the EU and the other international bodies has, for example, led to there being more ambassadors and journalists in Brussels than in Washington D.C.[40] International schools have also been established to serve this presence.[39] The "international community" in Brussels numbers at least 70,000 people.[41] In 2009, there were an estimated 286 lobbying consultancies known to work in Brussels.[42]
European Union
Brussels serves as capital of the European Union, hosting the major political institutions of the Union.[9] The EU has not declared a capital formally, though the Treaty of Amsterdam formally gives Brussels the seat of the European Commission (the executive/government branch) and the Council of the European Union (a legislative institution made up from executives of member states).[43][44] It locates the formal seat of European Parliament in the French city of Strasbourg, where votes take place with the Council on the proposals made by the Commission. However meetings of political groups and committee groups are formally given to Brussels along with a set number of plenary sessions. Three quarters of Parliament now takes place at its Brussels hemicycle.[45] Between 2002 and 2004, the European Council also fixed its seat in the city.[46] In 2014, the Union hosted a G7 summit in the city.
Brussels, along with Luxembourg and Strasbourg, began to host institutions in 1957, soon becoming the centre of activities as the Commission and Council based their activities in what has become the "European Quarter".[43] Early building in Brussels was sporadic and uncontrolled with little planning, the current major buildings are the Berlaymont building of the Commission, symbolic of the quarter as a whole, the Justus Lipsius building of the Council and the Espace Léopold of Parliament.[44] Today the presence has increased considerably with the Commission alone occupying 865,000 m2 within the "European Quarter" in the east of the city (a quarter of the total office space in Brussels[9]). The concentration and density has caused concern that the presence of the institutions has caused a "ghetto effect" in that part of the city.[47] However the presence has contributed significantly to the importance of Brussels as an international centre.[40]
Brussels is home to a large number of immigrants. At the last Belgian census in 1991, 63.7% of inhabitants in Brussels-Capital Region answered that they were Belgian citizens, born as such in Belgium. However, there have been numerous individual or familial migrations towards Brussels since the end of the 18th century, including political refugees (Karl Marx, Victor Hugo, Pierre Joseph Proudhon, Léon Daudet for example,) from neighbouring or more distanced countries as well as labour migrants, former foreign students or expatriates, and many Belgian families in Brussels can claim at least one foreign grandparent.
In general the population of Brussels is younger than the national average and the gap between rich and poor is wider.[48] Brussels has a large concentration of immigrants and their children from other countries, including many of Turkish and Moroccan ancestry, together with French-speaking black Africans from Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and Burundi.
People of foreign origin make up nearly 70%[49] of the population of Brussels, most of whom have been naturalized following the great 1991 reform of the naturalization process. 32% of the inhabitants are of foreign European origin, and 36% are of another background, mostly from Morocco, Turkey and Sub-Saharan Africa. Among all major migrant groups from outside the EU, a majority of the permanent residents have acquired Belgian nationality.[50]
|Largest groups of foreign residents[51]
|Population (2014)
|23x15px France
|23x15px Morocco
|23x15px Italy
|23x15px Romania
|23x15px Poland
|23x15px Spain
|23x15px Portugal
|23x15px Germany
|23x15px Bulgaria
|23x15px Turkey
Although historically Roman Catholic majority, after the expulsion of Protestants in the 16th century, most today are non-practicing, with about 10% of the Catholic population regularly attends church services. Brussels has a growing Muslims community, atheists and agnostics. Other recognized religions Protestantism, Anglicanism, Orthodoxy and Judaism, are practiced by much smaller groups in Brussels.
Recognized religions and Laïcité enjoy public funding and school courses: every pupil in an official school from 6 years old to 18 must choose 2 hours per week of compulsory religion—or Laïcité—inspired morals.[citation needed]
Brussels has a large concentration of Muslims, mostly of Turkish and Moroccan ancestry. Belgium does not collect statistics by ethnic background, so exact figures are unknown. It was estimated in 2005 that people of Muslim background account for 25.5% of Brussels' population, a much higher concentration than those of the other regions of Belgium.[52]
|Regions of Belgium[52] (1 January 2005)
|Total population
|People of Muslim origin
|% of Muslims
|Brussels-Capital Region
Since the founding of the Kingdom of Belgium in 1830, Brussels has transformed from being almost entirely Dutch-speaking (Brabantian dialect to be exact), to being a multilingual city with French (specifically Belgian French) as the majority language and lingua franca. This language shift, the Francization of Brussels, is rooted in the 18th century and accelerated after Belgium became independent and Brussels expanded past its original boundaries.[54][55]
French-speaking immigration contributed to the Frenchification of Brussels; both Walloons and expatriates from other countries, mainly France, came to Brussels in great numbers. However, a more important cause for the Frenchification was the language change over several generations from Dutch to French that was performed in Brussels by the Flemish people themselves. The main reason for this was the political, administrative and social pressure, partly based on the low social prestige of the Dutch language in Belgium at the time; this made French the only language of administration, law, politics and education in Belgium and thus necessary for social mobility.[56] From 1880 on, faced with the necessity of using French in dealing with such institutions, more and more Dutch-speakers became bilingual, and a rise in the number of monolingual French-speakers was seen after 1910. Halfway through the 20th century the number of monolingual French-speakers surpassed the number of mostly bilingual Flemish inhabitants.[57]
Only since the 1960s, after the fixation of the Belgian language border, and after the socio-economic development of Flanders was in full effect, could Dutch stem the tide of increasing French use.[58] Through immigration, a further number of formerly Dutch-speaking municipalities in surrounding Flanders became majority French-speaking in the second half of the 20th century.[59][60][61] This phenomenon is, together with the future of Brussels, one of the most controversial topics in all of Belgian politics.[62][63]
Given its Dutch-speaking origins and the role that Brussels plays as the capital city in a bilingual country, the administration of the entire Brussels-Capital Region is in theory fully bilingual, including its subdivisions and public services. Nevertheless, some communautarian issues remain. Flemish political parties demanded for decades that the Flemish part of Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde arrondissement be separated from the Brussels Region. The French-speaking population regards the language border as artificial[64] and demands the extension of the bilingual region to at least all six municipalities with language facilities in the surroundings of Brussels.[65] Flemish politicians have strongly rejected these proposals.[66][67][68] BHV was divided mid 2012.
The original Dutch dialect of Brussels (Brussels) is a form of Brabantic (the variant of Dutch spoken in the ancient Duchy of Brabant) with a significant number of loanwords from French, and still survives among a minority of inhabitants called Brusseleers, many of them quite bi- and multilingual, or educated in French and not writing the Dutch language. Brussels and its suburbs evolved from a Dutch-dialect–speaking town to a mainly French-speaking town. The ethnic and national self-identification of the inhabitants is quite different along ethnic lines.
For their French-speaking Bruxellois, it can vary from Belgian, Francophone Belgian, Bruxellois (like the Memellanders in interwar ethnic censuses in Memel), Walloon (for people who migrated from the Wallonia Region at an adult age); for Flemings living in Brussels it is mainly either Flemish or Brusselaar (Dutch for an inhabitant) and often both. For the Brusseleers, many simply consider themselves as belonging to Brussels. For the many rather recent immigrants from other countries, the identification also includes all the national origins: people tend to call themselves Moroccans or Turks rather than an American-style hyphenated version.
The two largest foreign groups come from two francophone countries: France and Morocco.[31] The first language of roughly half of the inhabitants is not an official one of the Capital Region.[69] Nevertheless, about three out of four residents are Belgian nationals.[70][71][72]
In recent decades, owing to migration and the city's international role, Brussels is home to a growing number of foreign language speakers. In 2013, figures cited in the Marnix Plan show that 63.2% of Brussels inhabitants are native speakers of French, while less than 20% are native Dutch speakers. Just 2.5% speak English as their mother tongue, but 29.7% of people living in the city claim to speak English well or very well.[73] The use of English as an unofficial compromise language between Dutch and French is rising, but language laws may still require Dutch and French translations in many cases, or even forbid using English.[citation needed]
The migrant communities, as well as rapidly growing communities of EU-nationals from other EU-member states, speak many languages like French, Turkish, Arabic, Berber, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, German, and (increasingly) English. The degree of linguistic integration varies widely within each migrant group.
The architecture in Brussels is diverse, and spans from the medieval constructions on the Grand Place to the postmodern buildings of the EU institutions.
Main attractions include the Grand Place, since 1998 a UNESCO World Heritage Site, with the Gothic town hall in the old centre, the St. Michael and Gudula Cathedral and the Royal Palace of Laeken with its large greenhouses. Another famous landmark is the Royal Palace.
The Atomium is a symbolic Script error: No such module "convert". tall structure that was built for the 1958 World's Fair. It consists of nine steel spheres connected by tubes, and forms a model of an iron crystal (specifically, a unit cell). The architect A. Waterkeyn devoted the building to science. Next to the Atomium is the Mini-Europe park with 1:25 scale maquettes of famous buildings from across Europe.
The Manneken Pis, a fountain containing a bronze sculpture of a urinating youth, is a tourist attraction and symbol of the city.
Other landmarks include the Cinquantenaire park with its triumphal arch and nearby museums, the Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Brussels Stock Exchange, the Palace of Justice and the buildings of EU institutions in the European Quarter.
Cultural facilities include the Brussels Theatre and the La Monnaie Theatre and opera house. There is a wide array of museums, from the Royal Museums of Fine Arts to the Museum of the Army and the Comic Museum. Brussels also has a lively music scene, with everything from opera houses and concert halls to music bars and techno clubs.
The city centre is notable for its Flemish town houses. Also particularly striking are the buildings in the Art Nouveau style by the Brussels architect Victor Horta. Some of Brussels' districts were developed during the heyday of Art Nouveau, and many buildings are in this style. Good examples include Schaerbeek, Etterbeek, Ixelles, and Saint-Gilles. Another example of Brussels Art Nouveau is the Stoclet Palace, by the Viennese architect Josef Hoffmann. The modern buildings of Espace Leopold complete the picture.
The city has had a renowned artist scene for many years. The famous Belgian surrealist René Magritte, for instance, studied and lived in Brussels, as did the avant-garde dramatist Michel de Ghelderode. The city was also home of the Impressionist painter Anna Boch from the Artist Group Les XX which includes other famous Belgian painters such as Léon Spilliaert and Guy Huygens. The city is also a capital of the comic strip;[2] some treasured Belgian characters are Tintin, Lucky Luke, Cubitus, Gaston and Marsupilami. Throughout the city, walls are painted with large motifs of comic book characters; these murals taken together are known as the Brussels' Comic Book Route. Also, the interiors of some Metro stations are designed by artists. The Belgian Comic Strip Center combines two artistic leitmotifs of Brussels, being a museum devoted to Belgian comic strips, housed in the former Waucquez department store, designed by Victor Horta in the Art Nouveau style.
Brussels contains over 80 museums,[74] including the Museum of Modern Art,[75] and the Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium. The museum has an extensive collection of various painters, such as the Flemish painters like Bruegel, Rogier van der Weyden, Robert Campin, Anthony van Dyck, and Jacob Jordaens. The Magritte Museum houses the world's largest collection of the works of the surrealist René Magritte. The BELvue Museum is dedicated to the national history of Belgium.
Brussels is well known for its performing arts scene, with the Kunstenfestivaldesarts, the Kaaitheater and La Monnaie among the most notable institutions. The King Baudouin Stadium is a concert and competition facility with a 50,000 seat capacity, the largest in Belgium. The site was formerly occupied by the Heysel Stadium. Furthermore, the Bozar (Center for Fine Arts) is home to the National Orchestra of Belgium and the Flagey cultural centre hosts the Brussels Philharmonic.
Brussels is known for its local waffle, its chocolate, its French fries and its numerous types of beers. The Brussels sprout has long been popular in Brussels, and may have originated there.[76]
The gastronomic offer includes approximately 1,800 restaurants, and a number of high quality bars. Belgian cuisine is known among connoisseurs as one of the best in Europe. In addition to the traditional restaurants, there are a large number of cafés, bistros, and the usual range of international fast food chains. The cafés are similar to bars, and offer beer and light dishes; coffee houses are called the Salons de Thé. Also widespread are brasseries, which usually offer a large number of beers and typical national dishes.
Belgian cuisine is characterised by the combination of French cuisine with the more hearty Flemish fare. Notable specialities include Brussels waffles (gaufres) and mussels (usually as "moules frites", served with fries). The city is a stronghold of chocolate and pralines manufacturers with renowned companies like Neuhaus, Leonidas and Godiva. Numerous friteries are spread throughout the city, and in tourist areas, fresh, hot, waffles are also sold on the street.
In addition to the regular selection of Belgian beer, the famous lambic style of beer is predominately brewed in and around Brussels, and the yeasts have their origin in the Senne valley. Kriek, a cherry lambic, enjoys outstanding popularity, as it does in the rest of Belgium. Kriek is available in almost every bar or restaurant.
Brussels has three major football clubs. R.S.C. Anderlecht, based in the Anderlecht municipality, is the most successful Belgian football in the Belgian First Division with 31 titles.[77] It has also won the most major European tournaments for a Belgian side. F.C. Molenbeek Brussels Strombeek, often referred to as FC Brussels and recently rebranded RWDM Brussels FC, is based in the Sint-Jans-Molenbeek municipality and plays in the Belgian Second Division. Brussels is also home to R. Union Saint-Gilloise, the most successful Belgian club before World War II with 11 titles[78] The club was founded in Saint-Gilles but is based in the nearby Forest, Belgium municipality. Union currently plays in the Belgian Third Division.
The stadium now known as the King Baudouin Stadium in Laken, city of Brussels municipality, is the largest in the country and home to the national teams in football and rugby union. It hosted the 1935 Brussels International Exposition, the final of the 1972 UEFA European Football Championship, and the opening game of the 2000 edition. Several European club finals have been held at the ground, including the 1985 European Cup Final which saw 39 deaths due to hooliganism and structural collapse.[79]
Serving as the centre of administration for Europe, Brussels' economy is largely service-oriented. It is dominated by regional and world headquarters of multinationals, by European institutions, by various administrations, and by related services, though it does have a number of notable craft industries, such as the Cantillon Brewery, a lambic brewery founded in 1900.
Brussels has a robust economy. Its GDP per capita is nearly double that of Belgium as a whole,[80] and it has the highest GDP per capita of any NUTS 1 region in the European Union at €62,000 in 2011.[81] That being said, the GDP is boosted by a massive inflow of commuters from neighbouring regions; over half of those who work in Brussels live in Flanders or Wallonia, with 230,000 and 130,000 commuters per day respectively.[82] Not all of the wealth generated in Brussels remains in Brussels itself, and as of December 2013 the unemployment among residents of Brussels is 20.4%.[83]
There are several universities in Brussels. The two main universities are the Université Libre de Bruxelles, a French-speaking university with about 20,000 students in three campuses in the city (and two others outside),[84] and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, a Dutch-speaking university with about 10,000 students.[85] Both universities originate from a single ancestor university founded in 1834, namely the Free University of Brussels, which was split in 1970 at about the same time the Flemish and French Communities gained legislative power over the organization of higher education.
Other universities include the Université Saint-Louis Bruxelles with 2,000 students,[86] a campus of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,[87] (offering bachelor & master degrees in economics & business, law, arts, and architecture, and counting a faculty in the city centre) the Royal Military Academy, a military college established in 1834 by a French colonel[88] and two drama schools founded in 1982: the French-speaking Conservatoire Royal and the Dutch-speaking Koninklijk Conservatorium.[89][90]
Still other universities have campuses in Brussels, such as the Université Catholique de Louvain that has had its medical faculty in the city since 1973.[91] In addition, the University of Kent's Brussels School of International Studies is a specialised postgraduate school offering advanced international studies and Boston University Brussels was established in 1972 and offers master's degrees in business administration and international relations. Due to the post-war international presence in the city, there are also a number of international schools, including the International School of Brussels with 1,450 pupils between 2½ and 18,[92] the British School of Brussels, and the four European Schools, which provide free education for the children of those working in the EU institutions. The combined student population of the four European Schools in Brussels is currently around 10,000.[93]
However, by far most Brussels pupils between 3 and 18 go to schools organized by the Flemish Community and the French-speaking Community, with roughly 20% going to the first (Flemish) and close to 80% for the French-speaking schools.
Brussels is served by Brussels Airport, located in the nearby Flemish municipality of Zaventem, and by the smaller Brussels South Charleroi Airport, located near Charleroi (Wallonia), some Script error: No such module "convert". from Brussels.
Brussels also has its own port on the Brussels-Scheldt Maritime Canal located in the northwest of the city. The Brussels-Charleroi Canal connects Brussels with the industrial areas of Wallonia.
The City of Brussels has three main train stations: Brussels South, Central and North, which are amongst the busiest of the country. Brussels South is also served by direct high-speed rail links: to London by the Eurostar train via the Channel Tunnel (1hr 51 min); to Amsterdam by the Thalys and "InterCity-Plus" connections; to Amsterdam, Paris (1hr 50min, 1hr 25 min respecctively) as of 6 April 2015, and Cologne by the Thalys; and to Cologne and Frankfurt by the German ICE (2hr 59 min-3hr 16min).
The train rails in Brussels go underground near the centre, with the Brussels-Central station also being largely underground. The tunnel itself is only 6 tracks wide at its narrowest point, which, because it's such a busy route, often causes congestions and delays.
The City has minor railway stations at Bockstael, Brussels-Chapel, Brussels-Congres, Brussels-Luxembourg, Brussels-Schuman, Brussels-West, Haren, Haren-South, Simonis.
In the Brussels Region there are also railways stations at Berchem-Sainte-Agathe, Boitsfort, Boondael, Bordet (Evere), Etterbeek, Evere, Forest-East, Forest-South, Jette, Meiser (Schaarbeek), Moensberg (Uccle), Saint-Job (Uccle), Schaarbeek, Uccle-Calevoet, Uccle-Stalle, Vivier d'Oie-Diesdelle (Uccle), Merode and Watermael.
City public transport
The Brussels Metro dates back to 1976,[94] but underground lines known as premetro have been serviced by tramways since 1968. A comprehensive bus and tram network also covers the city.
An interticketing system means that a MIVB/STIB ticket holder can use the train or long-distance buses inside the city. A single journey can include multiple stages across the different modes of transport. The commuter services operated by De Lijn, TEC and NMBS/SNCB will in the next few years be augmented by the Brussels RER/GEN network which will connect the capital and surrounding towns.
Since 2003 Brussels has had a car-sharing service operated by the Bremen company Cambio in partnership with the MIVB/STIB and local ridesharing company Taxi Stop. In 2006 shared bicycles were introduced, the scheme was subsequently being taken over by Villo!. In 2012, the Zen Car electric car-sharing scheme was launched in the university and European areas.
Road network
Brussels has the most congested traffic in North America and Europe according to US traffic information platform Inrix.[95]
In medieval times Brussels stood at the intersection of routes running north-south (the modern Rue Haute/Hoogstraat) and east-west (Chaussée de Gand/Gentsesteenweg-Rue du Marché aux Herbes/Grasmarkt-Rue de Namur/Naamsestraat). The ancient pattern of streets radiating from the Grand Place in large part remains, but has been overlaid by boulevards built over the River Senne, over the city walls and over the railway connection between the North and South Stations.
As one expects of a capital city, Brussels is the hub of the fan of old national roads, the principal ones being clockwise the N1 (N to Breda), N2 (E to Maastricht), N3 (E to Aachen), N4 (SE to Luxembourg) N5 (S to Rheims), N6 (SW to Maubeuge), N8 (W to Koksijde) and N9 (NW to Ostend).[96] Usually named chaussées/steenwegen, these highways normally run in a straight line, but on occasion lose themselves in a maze of narrow shopping streets.
The town is skirted by the European route E19 (N-S) and the E40 (E-W), while the E411 leads away to the SE. Brussels has an orbital motorway, numbered R0 (R-zero) and commonly referred to as the "ring" (French: ring Dutch: ring). It is pear-shaped as the southern side was never built as originally conceived, owing to residents' objections.
The city centre, sometimes known as "the pentagon", is surrounded by an inner ring road, the "small ring" (French: petite ceinture, Dutch: kleine ring ), a sequence of boulevards formally numbered R20. These were built upon the site of the second set of city walls following their demolition. Metro line 2 runs under much of these.
On the eastern side of the city, the R21 (French: grande ceinture, grote ring in Dutch) is formed by a string of boulevards that curves round from Laeken to Uccle. Some premetro stations (see Brussels Metro) were built on that route. A little further out, a stretch numbered R22 leads from Zaventem to Saint-Job.
International relations
Twin towns and sister cities
Brussels is twinned with the following cities:
See also
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- ^ "Brussels". City-Data.com. Retrieved 10 January 2008.
- ^ a b Herbez, Ariel (30 May 2009). "Bruxelles, capitale de la BD". Le Temps (in French) (Switzerland). Retrieved 28 May 2010.
Plus que jamais, Bruxelles mérite son statut de capitale de la bande dessinée.[dead link]
- ^ "Cheap flights to Brussels". Easyjet. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
- ^ Population per municipality on 1 January 2013 (XLS; 607.5 KB)
- ^ a b "The Belgian Constitution (English version)" (PDF). Belgian House of Representatives. January 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2009.
Article 3: Belgium comprises three Regions: the Flemish Region, the Walloon Region and the Brussels Region. Article 4: Belgium comprises four linguistic regions: the Dutch-speaking region, the French-speaking region, the bilingual region of Brussels-Capital and the German-speaking region.
- ^ a b "Brussels-Capital Region: Creation". Centre d'Informatique pour la Région Bruxelloise (Brussels Regional Informatics Center). 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2009.
Since 18 June 1989, the date of the first regional elections, the Brussels-Capital Region has been an autonomous region comparable to the Flemish and Walloon Regions.[dead link] (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.)
- ^ Dutch pronunciation: [ˈbrʏsəls ɦoːftˈsteːdələk xəˈʋɛst] (13px listen). Gewest in isolation is pronounced [ɣəˈʋɛst].
- ^ It is the de facto EU capital as it hosts all major political institutions—though Parliament formally votes in Strasbourg, most political work is carried out in Brussels—and as such is considered the capital by definition. However, it should be noted that it is not formally declared in that language, though its position is spelled out in the Treaty of Amsterdam. See the section dedicated to this issue.
- ^ a b c Demey, Thierry (2007). Brussels, capital of Europe. S. Strange (trans.). Brussels: Badeaux. ISBN 2-9600414-2-9.
- ^ "Welcome to Brussels". Brussels.org. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ^ "History of Brussels". Brussels.org. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ Statistics Belgium; Population de droit par commune au 1 janvier 2008 (excel-file) at the Wayback Machine (archived September 17, 2008)[dead link] Population of all municipalities in Belgium on 1 January 2008. Retrieved on 18 October 2008.
- ^ Statistics Belgium; De Belgische Stadsgewesten 2001 (pdf-file) at the Wayback Machine (archived October 29, 2008)[dead link] Definitions of metropolitan areas in Belgium. The metropolitan area of Brussels is divided into three levels. First, the central agglomeration (geoperationaliseerde agglomeratie) with 1,451,047 inhabitants (2008-01-01, adjusted to municipal borders). Adding the closest surroundings (suburbs, banlieue or buitenwijken) gives a total of 1,831,496. And, including the outer commuter zone (forensenwoonzone) the population is 2,676,701. Retrieved on 18 October 2008.
- ^ "Protocol (No 6) on the location of the seats of the institutions and of certain bodies, offices, agencies and departments of the European Union, Consolidated version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, OJ C 83, 30.3.2010, p. 265–265". EUR-Lex. 30 March 2010. Retrieved 3 August 2010.
- ^ "Europe | Country profiles | Country profile: Belgium". BBC News. 14 June 2010. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ Hughes, Dominic (15 July 2008). "Europe | Analysis: Where now for Belgium?". BBC News. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ^ Geert van Istendael Arm Brussel, uitgeverij Atlas, ISBN 90-450-0853-X
- ^ "Brussels History". City-data.com. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ^ Jean Baptiste D'Hane, François Huet, P.A. Lenz, H.G. Moke (1837). Nouvelles archives historiques, philosophiques, et littéraires (in français) 1. Gent: C. Annoot- Braeckman. p. 405. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
- ^ Invalid language code. Zo ontstond Brussel Vlaamse Gemeenschapscommissie – Commission of the Flemish Community in Brussels
- ^ "Communes". Centre d'Informatique pour la Région Bruxelloise. 2004. Archived from the original on 6 June 2004. Retrieved 4 August 2008.[dead link]
- ^ a b "Managing across levels of government" (PDF). OECD. 1997. pp. 107, 110. Retrieved 5 August 2008.[dead link]
- ^ a b Picavet, Georges (29 April 2003). "Municipalities (1795-now)". Georges Picavet. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
- ^ "Brussels Capital-Region". Georges Picavet. 4 June 2005. Retrieved 4 August 2008.
- ^ "Site de l'institut météorologique belge". Meteo.be. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
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- ^ Invalid language code. Personal website Lexilogos located in the Provence, on European Languages (English, French, German, Dutch, and so on) – French-speakers in Brussels are estimated at about 90% (estimation, not an 'official' number because there are no linguistic census in Belgium)
- ^ Invalid language code. Langues majoritaires, langues minoritaires, dialectes et NTIC by Simon Petermann, Professor at the University of Liège, Wallonia, Belgium at the Wayback Machine (archived March 3, 2007)[dead link]
- ^ a b Flemish Academic E. Corijn, at a Colloquium regarding Brussels, on 5 December 2001, states that in Brussels there is 91% of the population speaking French at home, either alone or with another language, and there is about 20% speaking Dutch at home, either alone (9%) or with French (11%) – After ponderation, the repartition can be estimated at between 85 and 90% French-speaking, and the remaining are Dutch-speaking, corresponding to the estimations based on languages chosen in Brussels by citizens for their official documents (ID, driving licenses, weddings, birth, death, and so on) ; all these statistics on language are also available at Belgian Department of Justice (for weddings, birth, death), Department of Transport (for Driving licenses), Department of Interior (for IDs), because there are no means to know precisely the proportions since Belgium has abolished 'official' linguistic censuses, thus official documents on language choices can only be estimations.
- ^ Invalid language code. Personal website Lexilogos located in the Provence, on European Languages (English, French, German, Dutch, and so on) – Dutch-speakers in Brussels are estimated at about 10% (estimation, not an 'official' number because there are no linguistic census in Belgium)
- ^ a b "IS 2007 – Population (Tableaux)". Bruxelles.irisnet.be. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
- ^ "Title VII". Fed-parl.be. Archived from the original on 25 May 1998. Retrieved 5 July 2009.[dead link]
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- ^ a b Invalid language code. VGC Invalid language code. COCOF
- ^ "Brussels, the capital of Flanders". Flemish Department of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ Procedure contained in art. 138 of the Belgian Constitution
- ^ Procedure in art. 137 of the Belgian Constitution
- ^ Brussels, an international city and European capital[dead link] Université Libre de Bruxelles
- ^ a b Brussels: home to international organisations diplomatie.be
- ^ a b E!Sharp magazine, January–February 2007 issue: Article "A tale of two cities".
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- ^ a b European Navigator Seat of the European Commission
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- ^ Stark, Christine. "Evolution of the European Council: The implications of a permanent seat" (PDF). Dragoman.org. Retrieved 12 July 2007.[dead link]
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- ^ "Studies and statistics". Brussels Insitute for Statistics and Analysis. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
- ^ a b "In België wonen 628.751 moslims(*), 6,0% van de bevolking. In Brussel is dit 25,5%, in Wallonië 4,0%, in Vlaanderen 3,9%," BuG 100 – Bericht uit het Gewisse – 11 September 2008, http://www.npdata.be, (*)Berekend aantal – indicatief cijfer, zie methodologie hieronder
- ^ Invalid language code. "Taalgebruik in Brussel en de plaats van het Nederlands. Enkele recente bevindingen"[dead link], Rudi Janssens, Brussels Studies, Nummer 13, 7 January 2008 (see page 4).
- ^ "Wallonie – Bruxelles, Le Service de la langue française" (in French). 19 May 1997. Archived from the original on 5 January 2007.
- ^ "Villes, identités et médias francophones: regards croisés Belgique, Suisse, Canada" (in French). University of Laval, Quebec. Retrieved 22 July 2009.[dead link]
- ^ G. Geerts. "Nederlands in België, Het Nederlands bedreigd en overlevend". Geschiedenis van de Nederlandse taal (in Dutch). M.C. van den Toorn, W. Pijnenburg, J.A. van Leuvensteijn and J.M. van der Horst. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ Invalid language code. "Thuis in gescheiden werelden" – De migratoire en sociale aspecten van verfransing te Brussel in het midden van de 19e eeuw", BTNG-RBHC, XXI, 1990, 3–4, pp. 383–412, Machteld de Metsenaere, Eerst aanwezend assistent en docent Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- ^ J. Fleerackers, Chief of staff of the Belgian Minister for Dutch culture and Flemish affairs (1973). "De historische kracht van de Vlaamse beweging in België: de doelstellingen van gister, de verwezenlijkingen vandaag en de culturele aspiraties voor morgen". Digitale bibliotheek voor Nederlandse Letteren (in Dutch). Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ "Kort historisch overzicht van het OVV" (in Dutch). Overlegcentrum van Vlaamse Verenigingen. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ "Bisbilles dans le Grand Bruxelles" (in French). Le Monde. 2 October 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ "Sint-Stevens-Woluwe: een unicum in de Belgische geschiedenis" (in Dutch). Overlegcentrum van Vlaamse Verenigingen. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ "Brussels". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ "Bruxelles dans l'oeil du cyclone" (in French). France 2. 14 November 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ "La Flandre ne prendra pas Bruxelles..." (in French). La Libre Belgique. 28 May 2006.
- ^ The six municipalities with language facilities around Brussels are Wemmel, Kraainem, Wezembeek-Oppem, Sint-Genesius-Rode, Linkebeek and Drogenbos.
- ^ "Une question: partir ou rester?" (in French). La Libre Belgique. 24 January 2005.
- ^ "Position commune des partis démocratiques francophones" (in French). Union des Francophones (UF), Province of Flemish Brabant. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ "Bruxelles-capitale: une forte identité" (in French). France 2. 14 November 2007. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
- ^ "Van autochtoon naar allochtoon". De Standaard (newspaper) online (in Dutch). Retrieved 5 May 2007.
Meer dan de helft van de Brusselse bevolking is van vreemde afkomst. In 1961 was dat slechts 7 procent. (More than half of the Brussels' population is of foreign origin. In 1961 this was only 7 percent.)
- ^ Van Parijs, Philippe, Professor of economic and social ethics at the UCLouvain, Visiting Professor at Harvard University and the KULeuven. "Belgium's new linguistic challenges" (PDF 0.7 MB). KVS Express (supplement to newspaper De Morgen) March–April 2007: Article from original source (pdf 4.9 MB)[dead link] pages 34–36 republished by the Belgian Federal Government Service (ministry) of Economy – Directorate–general Statistics Belgium. Retrieved 5 May 2007.[dead link] – The linguistic situation in Belgium (and in particular various estimations of the population speaking French and Dutch in Brussels) is discussed in detail.
- ^ The Brussels region's 56% residents of foreign origin include several percents of either Dutch people or native speakers of French, thus roughly half of the inhabitants do not speak either French or Dutch as primary language.
- ^ "Population et ménages" (PDF 1.4 MB) (in French). IBSA Cellule statistique – Min. Région Bruxelles-Capitale (Statistical cell – Ministry of the Brussels-Capital Region). Retrieved 5 May 2007.
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- ^ "Museums in Brussels". Bruxelles.irisnet.be. Retrieved 29 June 2010.[dead link]
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External links
- Brussels-Capital Region
- Official tourism site
- GIS Brussels-Capital Region
- Interactive map
- Flower Carpet in Brussels 2014
- Brussels photo gallery


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Author Wul's Book Reviews
Humans in Series
On the planet Draag, the company animals are not cats, dogs or hamsters, but humans. Terr is the companion of a little Draag girl. One day, he manages to escape finds some other humans but they are savage. Unlike them, Terr can read and this is why he is quickly adopted by the free humans, as he proves to be very useful for their survival and for their purpose of understanding the Draag's writings. But the situation changes dramatically: the Draags dec...


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3:00 am
Unfinished Nation "Decade of Discord" Sectional tensions over slavery subside with the Compromise of 1850; resurface as western states seek territorial and then state status. Railroad expansion plans ignite bloodshed in Kansas and Missouri. Parties sectionalized; Whigs disappear, Republicans emerge. Lincoln-Douglas debates foreshadow future Harper's Ferry Raid convinces South they'll never be safe in the Union. Election of 1860 divides country; Abraham Lincoln wins ballot.G
3:30 am
Unfinished Nation "House Divided" Election of Abraham Lincoln spawns secession of seven states led by South Carolina. Confederate States form provisional government before Lincoln is inaugurated, take over two southern forts. Neither side believes there will be war, but attack on Fort Sumter by Confederate forces signals beginning of conflict. Both sides mobilize quickly. Union has material advantage; Confederates win early battles. Lincoln and Union generals want to minimize damage to South so they can come back into Union. Influence of border states. Confiscation Acts address problem of captured and runaway slaves. War becomes harder with no end in sight.G
4:00 am
Unfinished Nation "Restless Society" Election of 1960. Kennedy's thousand days in office; his assassination. Johnson's succession: assault on poverty, Great Society. Battle for racial equality: expanding protests, urban violence, black power.G
4:30 am
Unfinished Nation "A Nation Torn" Diversifying foreign policy. Confrontations with the Soviet Union. The agony of Viet Nam. The traumas of 1968: the Tet offensive, King and Kennedy assassinations, political turmoil.G
5:00 am
Inside Out "Getting It Together" Until recent decades, little was known about how to treat psychological disorders. People who were seriously disturbed were hidden away or confined to institutions, and treated in ways that look appalling by today's standards. This episode looks intently at both psychological and biomedical therapies, and combined approaches that are proving successful in the treatment of mental illnesses. D
5:30 am
Inside Out "People to People" People interacting with people, individually and in groups, as friends or sometimes foes is a fascinating, never-ending source of study material for social psychologists. This episode explores social thinking, social influence, and social relations of both the antisocial and prosocial varieties. Why do people do what they do? What kinds of force does a group exert? And how can cooperative efforts and improved communication begin to chip away at the antagonisms built by years of aggression and conflict?. D
6:00 am
Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly Gun Violence and the Faith Community - Next month marks one year since the mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, which killed 20 children and six staff members. Kim Lawton reports that over the last several months, a growing interfaith movement has been mobilizing to stop gun violence. She also talks with faith-based activists who are opposing any new gun control laws. D
6:30 am
Start Up "Please Don't Feed the Monsters, They are Already Stuffed!" Gary and the crew venture to Chicago to speak with Mike and Chao, who opened "Union Street Sushi + Barbeque Bar," where patron dine on Japanese-influences cuisine with an East-meets-West flair. Then they travel to Cleveland, to meet with Mike and Bryan, the founders of "e-funeral," a site that's transforming the way funeral arrangements are made. And last, they head over to Indianapolis, to visit with (Name), who started "Promise Monsters," a toy company that's spreading kindness with every monster that leave their shop. D
7:00 am
Second Opinion "Teen Depression" Patient Story: We all want our teens to be happy and carefree, but the reality is that teen depression is a legitimate and life-changing disease. Ellen and Olivia Reardon share their story of how they worked their way through Olivia's depression together. Myth or Medicine: Are antidepressants safe for teenagers? Second Opinion 5: Five signs of teen depression. D
7:30 am
Lidia's Kitchen "Two Savory Soups and Ligurian Focaccia" Sometimes all you need is a little soup and a little bread. Lidia bakes a Focaccia Genovese and serves it with Le Marche Style Bean Soup prepared with sweet and mellow cabbage. With a few pantry ingredients, she creates a simple and hearty Country Onion Soup. D
8:00 am
Moveable Feast with Fine Cooking "Sonoma, CA: Chefs Christopher Kostow, Leo Beckerman and Evan Bloom" During Pete's trip to Sonoma, CA, he meets up with several culinary artisans to cook brunch for their hungry guests at a picturesque winery. They decide on a delicious breakfast casserole, fig salad and apple balsamic and cheese blintzes to curb hungry appetites. D
8:30 am
Mexico -- One Plate at a Time with Rick Bayless "Off The Beaten Path In Huatulco" The majority of the people who travel to Mexico go for the beaches. Little wonder when the beaches are as pristine as Huatulco's Playa Chahue - complete with the Playa Limpia certification for cleanliness. Still, a man's gotta eat. D
9:00 am
The Jazzy Vegetarian "Nuts About Nut Loaf" Host Laura Theodore prepares a delightful dinner that features hearty "Cashew and Quinoa Loaf," paired with savory "Paprika and Rosemary Roasted Red Potatoes." On the side, mouth watering "Asparagus with Vegan 'Hollandaise' sauce." Quick to prepare "Flourless Oatmeal Lace Cookies" make a crisp and delicious dessert. D
9:30 am
Martha Bakes "Special Breads" Join Martha as she shares her secrets for making three of her all-time favorite breads. First, an Irish soda bread that she serves every St. Patrick's Day, always a hit. D
10:00 am
Joanne Weir's Cooking Confidence "Journey to Italy" Joanne shares her memories of Italy with her student Barbra recreating some of the dishes form her travels. She starts with a simple salad of fig and prosciutto, then slowly adds just enough red wine for a faro risotto, and finally ends the meal with a dessert of strawberry, port, and black pepper. Recipes: Fig And Blueberry Salad With Creme Fraiche, Mint and Prosciutto di Parma, Farro Risotto with Red Wine and Grana Padano, Strawberry with Port and Black Pepper, and an Aperol Champagne Cocktail. D
10:30 am
Cook's Country from America's Test Kitchen "Get Your Chile Fix" Test cook Bridget Lancaster shows host Christopher Kimball how to make Green Chile Cheeseburgers at home. Then, tasting expert Jack Bishop challenges Chris to a tasting of mayonnaise. Next, Chris shares the test kitchen's top tips on making your own burger. D
11:00 am
America's Test Kitchen from Cook's Illustrated "Breakfast Standbys" Man on the Street John "Doc" Willoughby challenges viewers to a blind oatmeal tasting to see if steel-cut really is better than instant. Then, host Christopher Kimball goes into the test kitchen with test cook Bridget Lancaster to learn how to make the best bowl of 10-Minute Steel Cut Oatmeal. Next, equipment expert Adam Ried is in the Equipment Corner reviewing his favorite moka pots, and Chris answers questions from viewers. D
11:30 am
Scrapbook Soup "It's All in the Details" It's the little things that count - from the tiniest embellishment to the handwritten letter - it's all in the details today on Scrapbook Soup. Create simple cut out graphic cards, learn about packing tape photo transfer with Sara Naumann, and backgrounds almost as pretty as the picture in a prom layout with Stacey Caron- today on Scrapbook Soup. D
12:00 pm
Paint This With Jerry Yarnell "Trademark of Spring, Part 5" In the final episode, Jerry shows how to paint in all of the final details/highlights like the fence posts, dead tree, and then illustrates use of the chisel-edge brushes to insert the close-up weeds plus miscellaneous accent highlights. Emphasis on how to apply reflected highlights on large tree trunks and then how to add final close-up flowers/daises. D
12:30 pm
Aviators Cobra: We take you aboard this two-bladed single engine attack helicopter formerly used by the United States Army. Team AeroDynamix: No other air show act in the world puts as many aircraft in the air at one time than Team AeroDynamix. We take you flying with them. D
1:00 pm
This Old House "Jersey Shore Rebuilds 2013/Stories from Sea Level" Kevin surfs with pro Sam Hammer and cruises the bay with marine biologist Chris Wojcik. Sea-level foundation footings go in in Bay Head, while stone veneer, fiber cement siding and composite decking dress up the Point Pleasant exterior. Richard takes a victory lap in Manasquan as flooring and fixtures are in and Rita's house is finished. D
1:30 pm
Ask This Old House "Planting A Maple Tree/Working On An Underground Bathroom" Roger and a homeowner plant a maple tree. Richard heads to Indianapolis to begin work on an underground master bathroom. And the guys ask, "What is it?". D
2:00 pm
The Woodwright's Shop "Sharpen That Saw!" Using giant model rip and crosscut saws, Roy shows you how to make your handsaws sing when you sharpen them right. D
2:30 pm
Rough Cut - Woodworking with Tommy Mac "Pine Chest" Who doesn't need a nice pine chest for storing blankets and other things around the home? For this episode of Rough Cut, we build a simple Pine Chest, based on a 17th century design. For the accents, we visit Tremont Nail in Massachusetts, one of the few steel manufacturers still making nails from scratch. D
3:00 pm
MotorWeek R/T: '14 BMW M6 GRAN COUPE GOSS: LUG NUTS AND SEATBELTS OTE: VOLVO SAFETY QUICK SPIN: '14 AMG'S, MITSUBISH MIRAGE R/T: '14 KIA FORTE MUST READ. D
3:30 pm
America's Heartland Celebrate the variety of rural recipes from cornbread. Heat up the oven to test some recipes with barley. Head for a Wisconsin racetrack where "motor mayhem" is part of the life for a dairy farmer. D
4:00 pm
NOVA "Cold Case JFK" For decades the assassination of John F. Kennedy has fueled dark rumors of conspiracies and mishandled evidence. Now, 50 years later, NOVA asks: Could modern investigators do better?G
5:00 pm
Moyers & Company "The Path of Positive Resistance" Between them, doctors Jill Stein and Margaret Flowers have been arrested nine times. In the face of injustice and government by the one percent, rather than look the other way and stick to practicing medicine they chose a different approach. At first they took separate paths. D
6:00 pm
PBS NewsHour Weekend On Saturday, we report from Santiago. Chile has some of the most restrictive abortion laws in the world, but the recent rape and impregnation of an 11-year-old girl has ignited a national debate on this previously taboo topic. For more than 70 years, the General Educational Development exam, or the GED, has been an important tool for those who didn't complete high school and immigrants looking to make inroads in to higher education or secure better jobs. D
6:30 pm
Rick Steves' Europe "The Majesty of Madrid" Rick tours the lavish Royal Palace, enjoys art-packed museums, and looks deep into Picasso's greatest masterpiece. Experiencing the Spanish city at its fun-loving best, he is mesmerized by flamenco dancers and munches on pigs' ears.G
7:00 pm
The Lawrence Welk Show "Easy Listening" To open the show, "Sweet and Lovely" sets the mood. Bobby and Elaine dance the English quickstep to "Whispering." Skeets Herfurt plays a saxophone solo on "Someone To Watch Over Me." Guy Hovis teams up with Neil LeVang "For the Good Times."G
8:00 pm
Last of the Summer Wine "The Sweet Smell of Excess" After a failed attempt to impress Nora on a trampoline, Compo finds getting out of bed is not as easy as he thought.G
8:30 pm
Keeping Up Appearances - The Memoirs of Hyacinth Bucket "The Hostess" Hyacinth aims to advise and educate the nation on gracious living, lit incandescently by their own candlelight suppers.G
9:00 pm
As Time Goes By "Visiting Rocky" Lionel and Jean take a trip to Hampshire to meet Lionel's father, an 85-year-old who defies stereotype.G
9:30 pm
The Cafe "Diminishing Returns" At Cyril's Cafe, Mary has evolved from knitting to tweeting. Stan has a ring for Carol and is looking for the right moment to pop the question. Sarah is still single, Kieran's depressed, and Chloe is seeing a married estate agent. They are all in for a surprise when Brenda books a photographer for her new tourist brochure.G
10:00 pm
The Red Green Show "The New Statue" Lodge members decided to replace the town statue they destroyed. Red comes up with a non-chemical mosquito control system.G
10:30 pm
My Family "Bully for Ben" Ben joins the young Harpers for a pub quiz and takes on an apparent cheater on another team - this leads to reliving his school years and how he was bullied - by a girl.G
11:00 pm
Doctor Who Series "Dinosaurs on a Spaceship" An unmanned spaceship hurtles towards certain destruction. As The Doctor tries to save it, he finds an impossible cargo - dinosaurs. He and a ragtag gang of adventurers - a big game hunter, an Egyptian Queen and a surprised member of the Pond family - also find themselves facing someone who will stop at nothing to hold on to the cargo.G


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Computer question.
Posted: Wed May 30, 2012 12:17 pm
Just recently, not sure when, words started being underlined in posts/articles. Attached to the underlining is a advertisement. I'm sure my computer is running slower now. Any one else come across this and is there a way of getting rid of it ( in simple language and small words )


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Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays to destroy cancer cells. It is more effective against solid tumors than blood cancers like leukemia, but it may be used in special circumstances.
If radiation therapy is used to treat leukemia, it is done with external beam radiation. In external beam radiation therapy, radiation is produced by a machine positioned outside the body. Short bursts of x-rays are directed at specific areas. The radiation oncologist will direct the radiation beam to affect as much cancer as possible.
Radiation therapy may be used in leukemia treatment to:
- Eliminate unhealthy marrow before a bone marrow transplant
- Relieve clogging in the spleen as an alternative to a splenectomy
- Treat areas like the spinal cord, brain, or testicles to prevent spread of leukemia in these areas
- To ease symptoms caused by congestion of leukemia cells in advanced stages
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Mohei Abouzied, MD, FACP
- Review Date: 10/2017 -
- Update Date: 02/04/2016 -


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29th Rocky Mountain Book & Paper Fair
Rocky Mountain Antiquarian Booksellers Association
Friday, August 2, 2013 at 5:00 PM - Saturday, August 3, 2013 at 5:00 PM (MDT)
Event Details
29th Annual Rocky Mountain Book and Paper Fair
August 2-3, 2013
Denver Mart
451 E. 58th Ave
Denver Colorado 80216-8470
website: www.rmaba.org
information contact: email@example.com
Open to the public from 5 PM until 9 PM on Friday August 2, and 10 AM until 5 PM on Saturday August 3.
More than 80 of the nation's most prestigious dealers in rare and collectible books will be at the Denver Mart for the 29th annual Rocky Mountain Book & Paper Fair. For booklovers across the region, it's an annual weekend not to be missed. Of the thousands of books offered, the fair typically includes some once-in-a-lifetime finds. There is truly something for everyone, from museum-quality volumes for the serious collector to books suited for casual gift-giving. The largest event of its kind between Chicago and California, the Rocky Mountain Book & Paper Fair also offers a wealth of vintage and rare paper goods, including postcards, maps, art prints, old travel brochures, posters, ads and ephemera from decades – and centuries – past.
This year's theme, "To Have and To Hold," offers more reasons to attend the fair. Denver's best experts in the fields of book, paper, maps, prints, art objects, and textiles will speak and give demonstration throughout the weekend.
BARBARA A. JOHNSON—Conserves decorative arts, sculpture, ethnographic artifacts, and historic objects for museums and private clients.
KAREN JONES—Has been a book and paper conservator in private practice in Denver for almost 30 years. She has taught book repair and book conservation techniques to library staff throughout the region and remains committed to outreach in preservation education.
Christopher W. Lane—Has authored numerous articles and several books, including Ewell L. Newman award winning Panorama of Pittsburgh, as well as given hundreds of lectures around the country and internationally. He has worked with collectors since he became a print and map dealer in 1982 and has published a number of guides on collecting. He has also worked since 1997, along with his partner Donald H. Cresswell, as the print and map expert for PBS's program Antiques Roadshow.
PAULETTE READING—Received her Masters Degree in Art Conservation from Buffalo State College with a focus on Textile and Object Conservation in 2004. She worked for the Textile Conservation Workshop in South Salem, NY as Assistant Conservator, and currently is working in private practice in textile conservation.
CAMILLA VAN VOOREN—Is a conservator of paintings at the Western Center for the Conservation of Fine Arts (WCCFA) in Denver, Colorado. She has lectured and taught workshops to museum professionals and has been involved in numerous other regional outreach activities.
Hosted annually by the Rocky Mountain Antiquarian Booksellers Association ( RMABA), the fair has built a reputation as one of the nation's leading antiquarian book fairs.
When & Where
Denver Mart
451 E. 58th Ave.
Friday, August 2, 2013 at 5:00 PM - Saturday, August 3, 2013 at 5:00 PM (MDT)
Add to my calendar
Rocky Mountain Antiquarian Booksellers Association
An organization of used and rare book dealers in the Rocky Mountain Region. We are dedicated to stimulating book collecting, promoting ethical trade in all facets of the antiquarian book business and educating the public in the field of antiquarian books.


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Located in the center of campus behind the clock tower, the rooms in the Student Center can be used for meetings or break-out rooms for a large conference. With several rooms in the Student Center, including the Ballroom, we are able to accommodate almost any type of conference or event.
Rate $50 (0-4 hours)
Size 27' x 27'
|Chairs Only
|40 people
|40 people
|25 people
|40 people
|50 people
Wireless Internet access is available in all rooms. Internet access via phone line is available in most rooms. Various audio/video equipment is available.


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However delicate, fragile, and fleeting—indeed, the more so the better—you can always preserve your memories in a few short lines on a simple sheet of paper by writing haiku.
Just as a wok banishes a cluttered kitchenful of utensils, so the haiku (a small poem of Japanese origin) does away with expensive cameras, film, lenses, light meters, tape recorders, and bulky souvenirs. Once this simple form of poetry is mastered (and that's quite easy) any moment worth preserving can be captured quickly—anytime, anywhere —with nothing but a pencil and a scrap of paper.
I've kept a "nature diary" this way for over 20 years, preserving not only images made by light and shade, but color, movement, taste, touch, scent, and sound as well. Each such "memory"—with date and place of origin noted—is recorded in a notebook.
Though the birth of haiku (the word is both singular and plural) is lost in the mists of time, this particular form of poetry has so much abiding merit that it still flourishes today (just as it flourished in 760 A.D., when the first known anthology of some 4,500 Japanese poems was completed).
Technically, a haiku consists of 17 syllables. (Poems from the Japanese are frequently shorter or longer because of translation difficulties.) And, in those 17 syllables, the writer must capture an entire thought ... complete ... finished! Furthermore, exactly as in a good snapshot, this "picture" should be in focus, have a center of interest, and not lop off figurative heads at the edge. Yet even with its sharp limitations, one of these specialized verses can transport the reader into another mood. And so, give pleasure.
The haiku demands nothing in the way of rhyme, but the verse should have a rhythmic expression (though not in the set metric measures of English poetry). Each of these poems consists of three lines: The first contains five syllables; the second, seven; and the third, five again.
Thus:A pussywillow
Was the only sign of spring---
Even it wore furs!
While this verse of mine gives the traditional season indication, that is one of the more technical requirements which may be disregarded. The three dashes at the end of the second line indicate a slight swerving of thought. These may be placed wherever needed in the verse, as here:This sunset was done
At day's end---by an artist
With a dirty brush.
Or:Ginko trees today---
Have let their halos slip down
Around their wet feet.
I started my personal haiku jotting habit years ago to preserve hiking memories along the Appalachian Trail. Then, in 1960, I bought "Small Comfort" (four country acres with a seven room farmhouse just outside Harpers Ferry, West Virginia) for my retirement home and, of course, immediately started writing haiku about it. The first recorded memory of my country place runs:The sun is setting---
Perching for one bright moment
In my cedar tree.
Now, at 76, I live in town. The new owners of "Small Comfort" have cut down the cedar tree. But because of these few words, I still have a lasting joy renewed at will, and can just as easily renew others. For instance: The sky over "Small Comfort" was often marked by jet trails.High in the blue sky
Jets underline their flights in white---
At sunset, in pink.
As my retirement day approached, the weekend rides between the farm and Washington, D.C. became a time of garden watching:
The brow of a hill---
Wearing a comb of cornrows,
Has a tidy look.
Foreign to nature---
Sharply rectangular bales
Clutter smooth hayfields.
Although it's not necessary, sometimes you may want to award a title to a haiku in order to give the poem more meaning:
HIT AND RUNEvening plane, reckless,
Cuts the tarnished moon in two---
And keeps on flying.
WHODUNIT?Who killed Cock Robin?
I blamed my cat until clue:
Blood on windowpane.
COLD SNAPWarm evening rain
Invites worm to wander---now
S-shape, frozen stiff.
Even without a title, however, haiku can catch the seasons in their endless progressions:Brown leaf carpet waits---
Ready to ride swooping winds
For one last frolic. Left standing empty
My small wheelbarrow is now
Overflowing---snow! Against Loudoun Heights
Shad bushes---crook beckoning
Fingers toward spring. Summer and ripe fruits
In the air a pungent scent---
Jelly, boiled over.
A form of poetry slightly longer than a haiku—the tanka, which has 31 syllables—gives still another turn of thought by adding two lines of seven syllables each. Furthermore, if the extra lines are composed by a second party, an element of play is added to your poetry. This poem, for instance, was "capped" by a friend with whom I corresponded weekly for some 17 years. Such cooperative poetic ventures added much interest to the exchange of letters: I wrote:A cricket is chirping---
Playing second fiddle on
One single glad note.
My friend added:Ah, little cricket, you are
Foretelling fall, then winter.
See: No expensive equipment. No clutter. No deterioration with the passage of time. No depletion of your store regardless of how much you share it. All of life's sensory delights—the taste of nectar, the scent of mingled wild roses and honeysuckle on a sun-warmed hillside, the gossamer touch of autumn's floating spider silk, the soft plop of a falling ripe plum—may be preserved indefinitely by this simple method.
Nothing in nature is too miniscule to give the observant onlooker a joy entirely out of proportion to its size, nor to form the subject of a poem. The haiku is entirely consistent with a lifestyle based on the economy of nature, since even the nonpalpable—the evanescent—may be so delicately crystallized for future enjoyment.


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Nina Dobrev Drops Her Top for Obamacare [PHOTO]
Celebrities have been showing their support for the Affordable Care Act aka Obamacare, including 'Vampire Diaries' star Nina Dobrev.
Obamacare opens the doors of health care to more people and seeks to make healthcare affordable, available and of increased quality for more Americans. It was a bit more poignant when Dobrev showed her support of the legislation -- and for two reasons.
First, the actress dropped her top and covered her bare boobies with a sign that read 'Get Covered.' We can't deny -- it was hot.
Second, Dobrev, 24, is a Canadian, so she hasn't had to deal with the same medical care issues since Canada's healthcare system is publicly funded.
The fact that she weighed in on this political hot topic is important, since it shows that someone who's not American cares about the legislation. Also, someone who has experienced readily available healthcare knows that seeking the coverage is mission critical.
See her sexy photo below and appreciate her point: If you're not covered, you're naked.


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Note: The Google advertisement links below may advocate political positions that this site does not endorse.
Source: Public Policy Polling (url)
Obama with a 13% Lead
By: Inks.LWC (R-MI) on 2012-04-10 @ 14:32:07
Q8 If the candidates for President this year were
Democrat Barack Obama and Republican Mitt
Romney, who would you vote for?
Barack Obama................................................ 53%
Mitt Romney.................................................... 40%
Undecided....................................................... 7%
Poll Demographics
About this Poll
PPP surveyed 542 Colorado voters from April 5th to 7th. The margin of error for the
survey is +/-4.2%. This poll was not paid for or authorized by any campaign or political
organization. PPP surveys are conducted through automated telephone interviews. PPP is
a Democratic polling company, but polling expert Nate Silver of the New York Times
found that its surveys in 2010 actually exhibited a slight bias toward Republican
Login to Post Comments
Forum Thread for this Poll
Back to 2012 Presidential Polls Home - Polls Home
Ad: History Posters! - U.S. Army Divisions in World War II
Election and History Posters from History Shots!
Note: click will open in new window if pop-ups allowed
© David Leip 2012 All Rights Reserved


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Outgoing Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner on Friday took himself out of the race to replace Fed Chief Ben Bernanke, whose second term ends early next year.
In an interview with Politico, Geithner said there was "not a chance" he would ever serve as Fed chairman. "I have great respect for the institution, but that will be someone else's privilege," Geithner said.
Many Fed watchers say that current Fed Vice Chair Janet Yellen has the inside track to replace Bernanke, if he chooses to step down.
Bernanke has not commented on whether he would stay for a third four-year term if asked by President Barack Obama.
— Greg Robb


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- Description
The Neumann KM 183 D combines a KK 183 omnidirectional capsule with the KM D digital output stage.
The modular KM D miniature microphone system is a further development of the successful KM 100 series. The newly developed passive capsule design is available with 8 different directional characteristics, and can be combined modularly as desired with a digital (KM D) output stage in accordance with the AES 42 standard. The new, considerably smaller microphone capsules and an extensive program of accessories permit excellent adaptation of the microphone system to a wide range of applications.
Through the use of the most up-to-date electronic components the system offers many electroacoustic and operational advantages, such as lower self-noise, a wider dynamic range and very high immunity to electromagnetic interference. The acoustics of the capsules were taken from the proven KM 100 system.
The KM D digital output stage converts the signal from the capsule directly into a digital signal. The result is an AES/EBU signal with 24 bits and a large dynamic range. The integrated digital signal processor (DSP) permits remote control of the microphones, including the digital gain, pre-attenuation (6 dB, 12 dB or 18 dB) and low-cut filter (0 Hz, 40 Hz, 80 Hz or 160 Hz). An integrated peak limiter and compressor/limiter with additional de-esser function prevents any overloading of the audio signal.
The dimensions (diameter 22 mm, length 93 mm) of the analog and digital output stages are identical. As a result, all accessories can be used in combination with both output stages. Upon request, a mechanical adapter can be supplied to adapt microphone capsules of the KM 100 system (AK series) to the KM A and KM D output stages.
The modular solution permits the microphone capsule to be separated from the output stage by a distance of up to 100 m. The LC 4 microphone cable with a length of 5 or 10 meters is available as a standard solution. Alternatively, capsule extensions of different lengths, swivel joints and stand mounts, etc., can be used for a flexible system setup.
The capsule heads KK 183, KK 184 or KK 185, together with the appropriate output stage, are also available as a set, in which case they are referred to as KM 183 A, KM 183 D, etc.
- Specs
Additional Information
Condition New Package Contents Includes two windscreen WNS 100, two stand mount swivel SG 21 bk and wooden box Length 107 mm Diameter 22 mm Unit Weight 80 g Transducer Type Condenser Polar Pattern Omni-Directional Number of Microphones Stereo Pair Frequency Range 20 Hz - 20 kHz input_pad -18 dB Sensitivity Free-field: -41 dBFS Max. SPL 135 dB, 153 dB with pad Analog or Digital Digital
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- Blog Posts
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text:
virtualari needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 299 designs submitted by 75 freelance designers.
Kenshoo is a PPC management platform that automates and optimizes on-line advertising campaigns on search engines.
We are looking for a logo that will last. We have the most cutting edge technology in the field and we are growing quick.
Kenshoo is Japanese for victory, but we are not a Japanese company so designs with Kanji don't fit.
We are looking for a logo that reflects our technological advantage and that will last when we are a bigger more established company.
One of our favorite logos from this site is
The logo should clearly show the Kenshoo name and should include the tagline.
We would like to see logos that are simple, but with a change of a few characters in the name or add an image to make the logo standout.
- Must include the tagline "Intelligent Campaign Automation"
- sleek, Web 2.0 style
- Must recieve the file in a psd or freehand format
- boxey, blod font reminicent of an old company
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.