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CHICAGO, Ill. (Wednesday, July 10, 2013) – The Chicago Fire fell 3-2 to Liga MX champions Club America in an international friendly Wednesday evening at Toyota Park. Daniel Paladini and Sherjill MacDonald scored for the Fire but a Luis Gabriel Rey goal and two América penalty kicks proved the difference as Las Águilas emerged victorious.
The Fire opened scoring in the 19th minute when Maicon Santos danced into the 18-yard-box and send a looping cross to Paladini on the far post. Paladini chested the ball down and with a side-volley, slammed the ball into the back of the net to give the Fire the 1-0 lead.
The visitors would equalize six minutes later when Rey pounced on a loose ball in front of the goal and poked it in to bring Las Águilas level.
América took the lead with their first penalty kick of the night in the 63rd minute when Paladini was whistled for a hand ball. Fire 'keeper Paolo Tornaghi dove correctly to his left but Rey's slotted the ensuing penalty kick just inside the post to give the visitors the 2-1 lead.
América pulled further ahead in the 83rd minute when Michael Videira took down Antonio Lopez in the box. Lopez stepped up and sent his penalty to Tornaghi's left to give his side the two goal advantage.
The Men in Red would pull one back in 91st minute when Quincy Amarikwa slipped the ball in through the América defense for Sherjill MacDonald. The Dutchman raced towards goal and curved his shot past América 'keeper Carlos Lopez as the game ended 3-2.
The Fire return to MLS action when they take on Vancouver Whitecaps FC at BC Place on Sunday, July 14 at 6:00 p.m. CT (My50/La Ley 107.9). The Men in Red return home to welcome D.C. United to Toyota Park on Saturday, July 20 at 7:30 p.m. CT (My50/La Ley 107.9). Tickets for the match are available by calling 888-MLS-Fire or by visiting www.Chicago-Fire.com.
Frank Klopas, Chicago Fire Head Coach
On the game tonight
"Great atmosphere, exciting game. It was a fantastic game for the fans. It was a great effort by both teams. Entertaining match to watch so I think it was a great night for soccer."
On the line-up mix
"We had a stretch of a lot of games and for a lot of guys, it's been tough for their recovery. We are going to have a tough stretch coming up of a lot of games and certain guys, with the data that we had were not fully recovered and there was risk of maybe injuring them if we pushed them. But it's all about the team. You build a squad throughout the season and you're going to rely on different guys and I think the guys that stepped in had a very good performance and it shows that they are ready at any moment to step in and help the team."
On Paolo Tornaghi's performance
"You need games [to get into rhythm]. The two goals came from PKs so it's very difficult for him to do anything about that. It would be nice if we could get some calls like that at home too but it is what it is. But I thought through the night that rhythm, the games that you need in that position, are important and I think it was important for him tonight. I think he played with more confidence and it was good to see."
On the Club America crowd
"They are fantastic, it's fantastic. America is obviously very historic. One of the biggest teams in Mexico. They won the championship, it's been a while, eight years. I've been there many times to visit and seen the Clasico and America-Chivas so I know the kind of atmosphere that's there but also I know that there's a lot of America fans here in Chicago, but also soccer fans. We see them not only in tonight's match, we see them coming out and supporting the Fire, and that's great. The atmosphere is fantastic. It would be great to get more like that every match for us also."
On Maicon Santos playing forward
"I just think the team performed well as a group, as a whole. I think Maicon and Quincy [Amarikwa] and [Sherjill] MacDonald that came in, I was happy about the performance of the group. They put a lot into the game, they played against a very good team, and I just thought we came with a lot of energy. We pressed the game, we had chances, and it was an exciting game so I am excited for the group itself."
On Sherjill MacDonald scoring his first goal
"I was happy for him. I think everyone on the team was. He's worked hard and I think it's good sometimes to get rewarded like that. Quincy Amarikwa played a terrific through ball and you see the pace. It's good for his confidence. He's been working hard and it's good to see him score. But a lot of times it's not just the goals. You see guys that sometimes have difficulty scoring or things don't go their way, I think you have to find other ways to help the team. He's been positive; he's been working hard and helping the team in other ways. But obviously it's a great feeling for him to get the goal. I know for myself and every one of the players they feel good for him."
Shaun Francis, Chicago Fire defender
On his first appearance with the Fire:
"It felt great to be out there. It was a magnificent atmosphere. I felt good coming and helping the team even though we didn't come out victorious, it was still a good feeling to play and be a part of this franchise.
Daniel Paladini, Chicago Fire midfielder
On his goal:
"I just saw Maicon [Santos] with the ball and it was on his left foot, and we know he usually likes to shoot, but I had a feeling he was going to clip it over and he did and it turned out to be a good pass and play."
Sherjill MacDonald, Chicago Fire forward
On scoring his first goal of the season:
"It took a long time, so I'm not really, really excited anymore but it's always nice to score a goal. It just felt normal. This was a friendly game so I'd be happier if it was an official game."
Chicago Fire 2 – 3 Club America
Chicago Fire: Paolo Tornaghi; Wells Thompson (Brendan King 86'), Michael Videira, Hunter Jumper, Gonzalo Segares © (Shaun Francis 46'); Dilly Duka (Victor Pineda 46'), Alex (Corben Bone 46'), Daniel Paladini, Joel Lindpere (Yazid Atouba 63'); Quincy Amarikwa, Maicon Santos (Sherjill MacDonald 63')
Substitutes not used: Alec Kann, Bakary Soumare, Jalil Anibaba, Austin Berry, Patrick Nyarko, Brendan King, Jeff Larentowicz, Mike Magee, Chris Rolfe
Club America: Carlos Lopez; Aquivaldo Mosquera © (Jonathan Sanchez 46'), Erik Pimentel, Paul Aguilar (Diego Camarena 46'); Gil Cordero (Luis Mendoza 68'), Osvaldo Martinez (Buron Gil 46'), Rubens Sambueza (Christian Bermudez 46'), Jesus Leal (Omar Vazquez 58'), Carlos Gutierrez (Jose Luis Hernandez 52'); Narciso Mina (Antonio Lopez 58'), Luis Gabriel Rey (Rodrigo Gonzalez 46')
Substitutes not used: Hugo Gonzalez
Scoring Summary
CHI – Daniel Paladini (Maicon Santos) 19'
CA – Luis Gabriel Rey (unassisted) 25'
CA – Christian Bermudez (penalty kick) 63'
CA – Antonio Lopez (penalty kick) 83'
CHI – Sherjill MacDonald (Quincy Amarikwa) 91+'
Misconduct Summary
CHI – Daniel Paladini (caution) 24'
CA – Erik Pimentel (caution) 31'
CA – Paul Aguilar (caution) 34'
CA – Paul Aguilar (caution) 34'
CA – Jesus Leal (caution) 41'
CHI – Shaun Francis (caution) 51'
Referee: Ted Unkel
Assistants: Fabio Tovar, Jonathan Johnson
Fourth Official: Keith Angel
Fourth Official: Keith Angel
Attendance: 20,042


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Undetectable viral loads in blood is not a guarantee that HIV is also undetectable in semen, according to a new study involving 101 HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) conducted in Boston and published online ahead of print by the journal AIDS. Of the 83 men with undetectable virus in blood samples, roughly a quarter of them—21 MSM in total—had semen with detectable HIV.
Though the study conducted by Joseph Politch, PhD, of Boston University School of Medicine and his colleagues didn't look at whether those with low-but-detectable levels of HIV in their semen were necessarily more likely to transmit the virus than those with undetectable seminal viral loads, the authors nevertheless caution that a risk of ongoing HIV transmission potentially remains in the absence of barrier protection during sexual activity. "Until more information on transmission risk in MSM is available," they write, "it would be prudent to advise sexually active HIV-infected MSM to use condoms and other risk-reduction strategies throughout all stages of HIV disease regardless of HIV treatment status."
Politch and his colleagues note that antiretroviral therapy is undoubtedly associated with a reduced risk of HIV transmission during sexual activity. In prefacing their own data, the authors reiterate the results of HPTN 052, which demonstrated that ARV therapy led to a 96 percent reduction in HIV transmission risk among HIV-discordant heterosexual couples, along with a study among MSM conducted over a decade ago concluding that HIV treatment decreases the transmission risk by roughly 60 percent.
Yet, according to the authors, "MSM have experienced a resurgent HIV epidemic in the [ARV treatment] era. Many HIV-infected MSM continue to engage in unsafe sex, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or other factors may promote genital HIV shedding and transmission in this population despite [ARV therapy]."
Though the "resurgent HIV epidemic" is undoubtedly multifactorial—roughly 20 percent of those living with HIV, including many MSM, are not aware they are infected and have thus not received personalized care and counseling—Politch's group set out to explore an important factor associated with HIV transmission: the prevalence of seminal HIV shedding among HIV-positive MSM receiving ARV therapy, and how it relates to a number of clinical, behavioral and biological variables.
The study recruited HIV-positive participants from Fenway Health, a clinic catering to the health care needs of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community in Boston. Paired blood and semen samples were collected from the 101 study volunteers. Clinical and behavioral data were obtained from medical records and questionnaires. Evidence of genital herpes and genital inflammation were also assessed using laboratory tests.
The men were predominately white (74 percent), and virtually all (97 percent) identified themselves as MSM. The average age of the study volunteers was 43. Eighty percent had been on ARV therapy for more than a year; all had been on HIV treatment for at least three months.
Twenty-seven percent reported only engaging in protected sexual intercourse within the three months before study enrollment and were thus classified as low risk for acquiring a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Seventy-three percent were classified as high risk for having an STI, based on self reports of unprotected sexual intercourse in the past three months.
Nine men, all belonging to the high-risk group, tested positive for an STI within seven days before their official start in the study. Sixty-three percent of the men were positive for genital herpes, or herpes simplex virus-2, HSV-2, antibodies.
Eighteen of the 101 MSMs enrolled in the study had detectable HIV in their blood samples. The average viral load among these men was 560, but it ranged from 80 to more than 600,000. Nine (50 percent) of the men with detectable blood-based viral loads also had detectable HIV levels in their semen.
Eighty-three of the 101 MSM had undetectable levels of HIV in their blood samples. Though most also had undetectable HIV in their semen samples, 21 (25 percent) had detectable seminal viral loads.
Politch and his team note, however, that HIV levels—free-floating HIV-RNA and both HIV-RNA and HIV-DNA in cells—were significantly higher among those with detectable blood-based viral loads, compared with those with undetectable blood-based viral loads. For example, whereas the average free-floating viral load was 4,438 copies among those with detectable blood-based HIV levels, it was 51 copies among those with undetectable blood-based HIV levels.
Whether or not the free-floating virus detected in the semen samples of those with undetectable blood-based viral loads is of high enough quantity and/or quality to establish infection in a sexual partner wasn't explored by the researchers.
The authors did note, however, that the prevalence of HIV shedding among those with undetectable blood-based viral loads documented in this study proved higher than has been reported in other studies. "This is likely due to the high prevalence of STIs and genital inflammation in our sexually active MSM cohort."
Indeed, among the three factors associated with having detectable seminal viral loads among those with undetectable blood-based levels, having an STI was associated with a 29-fold increase in the risk, compared with those who didn't have an STI. Being positive for HSV-2 was not associated with have a detectable seminal viral load.
As for the other two factors, genital inflammation—notably an increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, an inflammatory marker—was associated with a 14-fold increase in the risk, whereas unprotected insertive anal sex with an HIV-positive person—"topping" a positive partner without a condom—was associated with a sevenfold increase in the risk of having detectable HIV in semen even when HIV is undetectable in blood samples.
"In light of recent evidence that even low amounts of HIV in semen could pose a transmission risk in MSM, who are more vulnerable to HIV infection than heterosexual men, this information has potential clinical significance for the HIV epidemic in MSM," the authors conclude. "HIV-infected men who engage in unprotected intercourse may use [ARV therapy] and viral load status in their sexual decision-making, and being on [ARV therapy] or having an undetectable blood viral load may relax concerns about transmitting HIV. Therefore, MSM at risk for transmitting HIV may believe that they have a low risk based on incorrect assumptions that [ARV therapy] eliminates HIV from semen."
Of particular concern to the study investigators is that ongoing replication of the virus in the genital tract, in the presence of ARV therapy, can lead to the accumulation of drug-resistance mutations and the possible spread of treatment-resistant virus. This, they point out, "may contribute to the high prevalence of antiretroviral drug-resistant HIV in HIV-infected individuals in the United States [who have not yet started ARV therapy]."
In addition to the suggestion that condom use continue to be promoted as a harm-reduction strategy among HIV-positive MSM who are otherwise responding well to ARV treatment, the authors also note the need to "promote the aggressive diagnosis and treatment of STIs."
Undetectable viral loads in blood is not a guarantee that HIV is also undetectable in semen, according to a new study involving 101 HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) conducted in Boston and published online ahead of print by the journal AIDS. Of the 83 men with undetectable virus in blood samples, roughly a quarter of them—21 MSM in total—had semen with detectable HIV.

subset: commoncrawl


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Mr. Vertebrae: "Yeah, I have an appointment with Dr. Grumpy on Thursday, and am trying to decide if I should come in."
Mary: "Okay, are you still having problems?"
Mr. Vertebrae: "Yeah, but I don't know if it's worth the drive. What do you think?"
Mary: "Well, I recommend you come in, but I can't make that decision for you."
Mr. Vertebrae: "Well, I'm just not sure... What do you think? Don't you have a medical degree?"
Mary: "No, sir, I'm his secretary. I have a high school degree."
Mr. Vertebrae: "A high school degree? And you work at a doctor's office?"
Mary: "Sir, you'd be seeing Dr. Grumpy, not me, and he's a board-certified..."
Mr. Vertebrae: "Just cancel the appointment. I'm going to an office with qualified staff."


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Sustainable Fashion
Sustainable fashion is increasingly popular today. More and more, garments are being created, produced and cared for with consideration to the environmental and social impact they may have throughout their total life span. Ethical and sustainable sourcing of materials have been an important focus in the sustainable fashion movement to date, but one of the biggest opportunities we have to improve fashion's eco-footprint is in the way that we care for garments. Between 50 and 80% of the total energy consumed during the life of a garment is during the use phase – e.g. how we clean and care for our clothes.
Many people are surprised to learn that dry cleaning actually has a lower carbon footprint than home laundering. GreenEarth, with its positive environmental profile, offers the optimal solution for sustainable garment care. Finding a dry cleaner that uses the GreenEarth method will not only reduce your carbon footprint for each cleaning, it will also help your garments last longer, reducing their footprint over time without doing any damage to the planet. GreenEarth is a safe, non-toxic, biodegradable solution that will keep your garments soft and enhance their sustainability.
Sustainable fabrics
Organically grown versions of fabrics you already wear, like cotton and wool, are becoming easier to find. Other materials, like bamboo and hemp, are new to the fashion world and add trendsetting prestige to an outfit, along with the environmental advantages. To learn which can be cleaned at home which require dry cleaning, see the eco-fabrics cleaning chart below. GreenEarth solution is an eco-friendly choice for dry cleaning eco-friendly garments that won't fade or wear fabrics, so clothes stay newer longer.
The bamboo plant does not need pesticides or fertilizers, requires very little water, and can grow up to several feet per day. Bamboo also "breathes" heavily—a bamboo grove releases 35% more oxygen than other trees. Bamboo fabric is more absorbent than cotton, quick-drying, and has naturally occurring anti-microbial properties that help stop odor.
Factories that manufacture bamboo fibers use a process similar to that of rayon—using the caustic chemicals sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide. "Greener" methods of making bamboo clothing are being developed, but the chemical method still has a smaller environmental impact than conventionally grown cotton and petroleum-based nylon and polyester fabrics.
Organic Cotton
Cotton farming in the United States uses only about 3% of the farmland, but 25% of the pesticides. To put it in perspective, it takes 1/3 of a pound of chemicals to produce one t-shirt. Organic cotton is cotton that has been grown without chemicals on land that has been chemical-free for at least three years. It must be certified organic by a third party—in the U.S., the Department of Agriculture regulates this process. Cotton that is grown without chemicals, but on land that has not yet been chemical free for a full three years, is referred to as transitional cotton.
Organic cotton garments cost more than conventional ones—up to 50% more. Some manufacturers use blended fibers with 10-25% organic cotton to help keep the cost of the garments down while still supporting sustainability. Organically grown cotton feels, looks, and can be washed just like regular cotton.
The hemp plant grows well without using pesticides or other agrochemicals. It is a hardy plant that can withstand harsh weather, and fertilizes its own soil by shedding leaves throughout the season. These natural qualities make hemp a sustainable choice for the production of many goods. Hemp is illegal to grow in the U.S., so hemp fibers must be imported for use in the apparel industry. It is not illegal to use hemp in manufacturing—hemp oil is an ingredient in many cosmetics, and hemp paper and clothing are sold in the U.S. Hemp fabric is moth-resistant, quick-drying and holds its shape well. Though difficult to bleach, it can be dyed a variety of dark and bright colors. It is breathable and durable, and becomes softer through washing and wearing.
"Linen" can be an ambiguous term—it often refers to bed sheets, towels, and tablecloths made from a variety of fabrics. Traditional linen is an all-natural fabric derived from flax. Being all-natural, however, does not necessarily make it a sustainable choice. The process used to create linen fibers from flax often uses harsh chemicals. Look for certified organic linen—it is chemical-free from the plant to the end product. Organic linen is generally not treated with wrinkle-reducing chemicals, so have it dry cleaned with GreenEarth to keep it looking fresh and crisp without any environmental hazards.
Organic Wool
Certified organic wool must comply with organic standards for livestock (such as organic beef). These standards include providing organic feed for the sheep, not overcrowding the sheep on the land, and the prohibition of synthetic chemicals and hormones. Because of increased production costs, organic wool does cost more than conventional wool. Organic wool feels, looks, and can be used exactly like conventional wool. Some conventional wool garments are labeled machine washable, but because organic wool is usually not treated with any shrink-reducing chemicals, it should be drycleaned. GreenEarth, in addition to being an environmentally-friendly choice, prevents shrinkage.
Recycled Polyester
Polyester is a petroleum-based plastic made from polyethylene terephthalate, or PET—the same plastic as water and soda bottles. Recycled polyester can be made from old polyester clothes as well as other similar plastic products, and may be labeled as "eco-fleece." Patagonia, a brand of outdoor wear, pioneered a program where customers can send back their worn-out polyester items to be recycled and sold again. In addition to sportswear, more upscale items such as suits are being made from this material. To protect nicer items from the agitation of a washing machine, have them dry cleaned with GreenEarth so they last longer without the use of toxic chemicals. While recycling is a hallmark of the environmental movement, the chemical process used to melt down and remake polyester is not always eco-friendly. Even so, purchasing recycled rather than new polyester items reduces the amount of oil needed to produce garments, and reduces the amount of polyester going into landfills.
How to Clean
Depending on the type of garment and the price you paid for it, you may not want to risk washing your eco-fashions at home. Many items, no matter what they are made from, are labeled "dry clean only," and there are good reasons for it. Dry cleaning extends the life of a garment by reducing the wear and tear from a regular washing machine. Unlike traditional dry cleaning, GreenEarth is eco-friendly and gentle on fabrics.
|Cotton/bamboo blends that have been preshrunk, t-shirts, socks, and other casual low-maintenance items can be safely machine washed.
All bamboo bedding should be dry cleaned in GreenEarth, as well as blazers, sport coats, and dresses. Dry clean anything made from 100% bamboo—it may shrink in regular washing
|Organic Cotton
|T-shirts, denim, and other everyday wear made from organic cotton can be safely machine washed.
Delicate knits, blends with other material (such as wool or cashmere), bedding, and nicer items such as blazers, polos and dresses, should be dry cleaned in GreenEarth
|Casual shirts and pants can be safely machine washed. Hemp will naturally become softer over time, similar to denim.
Delicate knits, blends with other material (such as wool or cashmere), bedding, and nicer items such as blazers, polos and dresses, should be dry cleaned in GreenEarth
|If your linen has been pre-treated with wrinkle-reducing chemicals, it can be machine washed. Check the tag to find out.
Delicate knits, blends with other material (such as wool or cashmere), bedding, and nicer items such as blazers, polos and dresses, should be dry cleaned in GreenEarth
|Organic Wool
|Only if the item is labeled machine washable, but be careful—organic wool may not be treated with shrink reducing chemicals, so even if it has been preshrunk, it may be distorted in the wash
Almost all wool items need to be dry cleaned in GreenEarth, especially if your item has not been preshrunk or treated with shrink reducing chemicals
|Recycled Polyester
|Fleece pullovers, jackets, and light but sturdy items can be machine washed
Suits, dresses, and other dressy items should be dry cleaned in GreenEarth, and any polyester item that is filled with down (winter coats, sleeping bags)


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Acaba de publicarse el nuevo número de iJET Vol 9, No 4 (2014)
International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET)
This interdisciplinary journal aims to focus on the exchange of relevant trends and research results as well as the presentation of practical experiences gained while developing and testing elements of technology enhanced learning. So it aims to bridge the gape between pure academic research journals and more practical publications. So it covers the full range from research, application development to experience reports and product descriptions.
(leer más...) Fuente: [ iJET ]
International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning. ISSN: 1863-0383
Vol 9, No 4 (2014)
Table of Contents
|Understanding Social Learning Behaviors via a Virtual Field Trip
|Xin Bai, Joanne Lavin
|pp. 4-13
|Flash-Based Platform for Teaching Stored Program-Controlled Switching Courses
|Kurban Ubul
|pp. 14-19
|E-Learning and Students' Motivation: A Research Study on the Effect of E-Learning on Higher Education
|Samir Abou El-Seoud, Naglaa Seddiek, Islam Taj-Eddin, Pauline Ghenghesh, Ann Nosseir, Mahmoud El-Khouly
|pp. 20-26
|Evaluating E-Learning Systems: An Empirical Investigation on Students' Perception in Higher Education Area
|Muneer Abbad, Faten Jaber
|pp. 27-34
|ICTs and Special Education in Kindergarten
|Athanasios Drigas, Georgia Kokkalia
|pp. 35-42
|The Establishment of an e-Learning System Based on SDT
|Mihyang Bang, Kwangyun Wohn, Chungkon Shi
|pp. 43-49
|Educational Paradigm Shift: Are We Ready to Adopt MOOC?
|Jayakumar Sadhasivam
|pp. 50-55
Short Papers
|Technology and Products Supporting E-learning by Knowledge Management - A Review
|Ying Wang
|pp. 56-59
|International Distance Consulting via Web Conferencing
|Prachyanun Nilsook, Panita Wannapiroon
|pp. 60-64
|E-learning Accessibility for Saudi Women: A Literature Review
|Yahya Al Alhareth
|pp. 65-67
|African Youth Utilising IT-Essentials Innovation in Re-vitalisation of PCs to Equip Disadvantaged Rural Schools Shaping their ICT Learning Landscape: Namibian Case Study
|Jameson Mbale
|pp. 68-71
|6th IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference - EDUCON2015
|Call for Papers
|p. 72
International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning. ISSN: 1863-0383


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For years, the hustle and bustle at the bocce courts on the corner of 79th Street and Juniper Boulevard North have attracted dozens of seniors and enthusiasts of the timeless Italian sport.
Last week, the courts were closed and bocce ball players migrated to Maurice Park in Maspeth to play while an $850,000 project begins to overhaul the weathered and worn facility.
The one-year construction project will not only add covers and reconstruct the two existing bocce courts at the park, but it will also add a new court as well as new tables, benches, trees and a shade area.
"The new and improved bocce courts that we began construction on today will give our players state-of-the-art courts with relaxing shaded area to play and relieve overcrowding for this hugely popular sport," said Councilwoman Elizabeth Crowley, who allocated some of the funds for the project.
Longtime bocce player Steve Shakarchy said upwards of 80 players come to Juniper Valley Park on a daily basis from as far as Howard Beach and Five Towns on Long Island.
"This park, Juniper Park, is nicer than any park from Central Park to Long Island," Shakarchy said. "You have a money court, you have a free court and they come here, they gamble, they curse at each other and they love the game. "
Shakarchy, an active bocce player since 2000, was hired by the city to teach the sport for the Sports and Arts in Schools Foundation.
"I fell in love with the game and I wanted kids to learn because there are so many un-athletic kids nowadays that don't get involved in sports," he said. "I thought it'd be a perfect way to keep kids away from drugs and cigarettes."
Queens Parks Commissioner Dorothy Lewandowski said the new courts might entice the Parks Department to bring the Annual Citywide Bocce Tournament finals to Juniper Valley Park once the renovations are complete.
"Now with a third court being completed, we become a viable location for the city to consider as the host site for the citywide tournament," Lewandowski said.
She added that the city would continue to rely on the bocce players to maintain the courts once completed.
"The critical thing is that the care of the courts really depend on the players who adopt that location," she said.
Although many players have relocated to Maurice Park during the construction phase, Lewandowski said she is confident that the culture and spirit of the sport will remain strong.
"We're hoping that by relocating the group from Juniper that it might spark interest in that community for others to play," Lewandowski said. "When the group that normally plays here come back from Maurice to Juniper, there will be a legacy left behind and people will still play in that park."
Deputy Borough President Barry Grodenchik, Councilwoman Elizabeth Crowley, Assemblywoman Marge Markey and Queens Parks Commissioner Dorothy Lewandowski were among those at the ceremonial groundbreaking for the bocce ball courts at Juniper Valley Park.


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BRISTOL — With an apparent rise in drug crime and burglaries in Bristol, and the police department understaffed and strapped for resources, residents on Bristol's Maple Street are coming together to form a neighborhood watch group.
The first planning meeting was held last Thursday at Living Well Residential Care, which is spearheading the effort to form a watch group.
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MIDDLEBURY — It is a homecoming of sorts when Avis Warren Butler dines at her favorite local restaurant.
That's because Butler was born and raised at 26 Seymour St., which happens to be the address of Fire & Ice Restaurant.
Butler, who now lives in Bristol, returned "home" on Aug. 24 for what she thought would be a fairly low-key 90th birthday luncheon.
But it didn't turn out that way.
MIDDLEBURY — When Marty and Carol Kulczyk bought 112 acres off 2430 North Branch Road in Ripton six years ago, they knew they weren't going to be the only ones enjoying the serenity, wildlife, panoramic mountain views and starry nights that can be experienced in abundance on the wooded property.
MIDDLEBURY — The 2012 Middlebury Union High School football season got off to a promising start on this past Friday, when a young Tiger team used tough defense, crisp special teams work and flashes of offensive potential to throttle visiting Mount Mansfield, 28-6.
The Tigers parlayed defense and special teams into a 16-0 halftime lead and remained in control during a more offensively oriented second half.
Today's Internet is increasingly carrying articles from both American and foreign sources to the effect that Israel is pulling out the stops trying to get the United States involved in military action against Iran.
Y'know, it's already harder and harder to get excited about each new NFL season as more information steadily comes out about how inherently dangerous the sport, notably at the professional level, is to the human brain.
And now we have the owner-imposed referee lockout to dampen enthusiasm even further.
It's really difficult to root for a sport that is owned and operated by some of the meanest people who walk the face of the earth.
SPRINGFIELD — The Otter Valley Union High School football team on Aug. 31 rolled to a 35-6 halftime lead on the way to a 48-6 win over host Springfield in both teams' Division II opener.
The Otters took the lead when sophomore QB John Winslow hit senior Brett Patterson with a 43-yard touchdown pass.
A bad snap on a punt gave the Otters two more points, and OV took the kick and marched to score on a 5-yard run by Cody Gutzman.
8/31 MUHS vs. MMU ............................ 28-6
8/31 OV vs. Springfield ......................... 48-6
9/1 Mt. Abe vs. Montpelier .................. 35-12
Girls' Soccer
9/4 OV at Poultney ............................. Canc.
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Explore the world's sacred texts
The British Library has an unsurpassed collection of sacred texts across all faiths. Find out more
Explore 78 texts online in depth here...
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list of all 78 texts
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explore by faith or by various themes
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Curator's choice: Texts explained
Curators and other experts give their personal views on some remarkable sacred texts. Available as audio files and in transcript
Diamond Sutra
Susan Whitfield on the world's oldest dated printed book
Codex Sinaiticus - 2
Scot McKendrick on the significance of the 'world's oldest Bible'
Codex Sinaiticus - 1
Juan Garcés on the history and future of this unique text
Sultan Baybars' Qur'an
Astoundingly preserved golden book from 1300s Egypt
Islamic marriage contract
William Dalrymple on the last Mughal, a poet-king
Awag Vank' Gospels
A chronicle of the Armenian nation
Tyndale New Testament
The English book that caused a revolution
Multimedia resources: Sacred contexts
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Usually, a recipe featuring Bramleys will only use them in puree form. What attracted me to this recipe was the sliced Bramley on top – it gives the best of both worlds. I was also impressed by the tip of beating an egg into the apple puree; it meant the tart sliced easily and didn't collapse in the way that many apple pies do.
150g Demerara sugar
2 lemons – juice only
1 egg
80g unsalted butter, cold
40g caster sugar
2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
1 egg yolk
1-2 tablespoons cold water – I needed 2
25g unsalted butter – melted
8 tablespoons apricot jam
4 tablespoons water


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The softer you speak, the louder the lesson. Nothing gets attention more quickly than a <seemingly> calm parent.
There is always room in the house for "homemade" anything. I still have a pin shaped like a heart and covered with red granulated sugar that I am going to wear to Mother's Day Mass given to me when my son was in early elementary school.
It's easier to bust them for things you did when you were a kid. Growing up I shared a room with my sister. We kept the light on in our closet overnight as an unofficial night light. Because we frequently moved the furniture, I always tried to get the one nearest the closet because I would open the door a little more to get enough light to read. I would be so tired the next day that my mother would think I was sick. Years later I remember accusing Anthony of reading after bedtime. Imagine, chiding your child because they were up late reading. Not every moment is a mother-of-the-year moment.
PlayDoh colors can mix and the end of the world does not come. I think about how many minutes of my life were spent trying to pick-up the wonderful molding toy and it makes me crazy just thinking about it.
All we have is time. And, all we don't have is time. While I regret only having little Tommy for nearly four years I have never regretted the time we simply just spent together. Fast forward to Anthony and I made life and career choices I am proud of and still reap the benefit of.
The best way to land your helicopter is to never let it take off. Maybe it's because I watch parents every day at work but I wanted to be sure I wasn't that parent we all talk about. I am happy we taught our son how to manage money as a young teen, helping him get a checking account when he was 14. I only went toe to toe with one teacher, backing up the rest even when I was less than certain I agreed with their lesson. Watching him navigate his life, making decisions and doing it on his own is way more fun than flying a helicopter.
Even in death, all things are not lost. Over twenty years ago, after Tommy died I planted daffodil bulbs behind our property in a wooded area. I could see them every year and as they multiplied I was reminded of new life. Last year, without notice, the village clear cut forty feet of brush and trees to help with a drainage problem and I was never able to dig up those bulbs for planting in another area. I cried like a baby. I wept because it brought the loss back to the tip of my eyes and the front of my consciousness. About ten days ago, around the remaining brush, this is what I saw:
one daffodil survived reminding me to hang in there. All is not lost.
Happy Mother's Day to all of the mothers in my life.
Life is good!
Twitter: MidMajorMom
Twitter: JudeCaserta


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Now that the Trailer Life navigator by trailer life was discontinued and the program from undertow is gone, what would people here suggest as a replacement for an RV trip planning software? I've tried the Good Sams on-line stuff and it's junk. I also use GPS for routing and stuff, but I am looking for something that I can use to plan my trip, select and add campgrounds to my trip, etc.
Any suggestions?


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MILAN/PARIS (Reuters) - Fiat FIA.MI boss Sergio Marchionne's decision to push ahead with a Chrysler IPO he does not want has raised the stakes in a buyout dispute with the U.S. carmaker's minority shareholder - as well as for his own legacy.
It may be one of the consummate dealmaker's biggest bluffs yet, bankers and analysts said on Tuesday.
Chrysler, 58.5 percent-owned by Italy's Fiat, filed paperwork late on Monday in a step towards the flotation of shares held by the United Auto Workers, which owns the rest of Chrysler through its retirees' healthcare trust.
Group CEO Marchionne is proceeding with the initial public offering demanded by the union, after the two sides failed to agree on a buyout deal in more than a year of talks.
Fiat needs full Chrysler ownership to fund an ambitious recovery and expansion program with the U.S. carmaker's cash.
But the Chrysler filing raised eyebrows by informing potential investors that Fiat was "reconsidering" the entire tie-up and warned that the group may be harmed by a share sale.
Fiat would also be free to sell Chrysler following a flotation, the 390-page document says.
"Fiat's talk about scaling back the alliance with Chrysler is simply that, just talk," said an analyst with a Milan brokerage.
By raising the prospect of an aborted merger, Marchionne may hope to pressure the union into a compromise buyout deal, or reduce the Chrysler valuation that emerges from the IPO process.
Marchionne has been holding out for a lower buyout price than the UAW is seeking - thought to be well over $5 billion - at the risk of more damaging delays to his industrial plans.
Hanging in the balance is the completion of a trans-Atlantic tie-up already five years in the making, which has shielded Fiat from a European slump that has threatened some of its peers.
Fiat shares fell just 0.4 percent to close at 6.16 euros on Tuesday, as investors took Marchionne's latest negotiating stance largely in their stride.
The 61-year-old former aluminum boss is no stranger to tense backroom talks.
In 2005, soon after joining as CEO, he persuaded General Motors (GM.N) to pay Fiat $2 billion not to exercise an option to sell its auto division to the U.S. carmaker.
Four years later he took control of bankrupt Chrysler through an initial 20 percent stake, stepping in after rival CEO Carlos Ghosn got cold feet over a similar cash-free deal he had negotiated for Nissan (7201.T).
More recently, Marchionne has pulled off the Italian carmaker's separation from Fiat Industrial FI.MI and the agricultural machinery maker's subsequent merger with CNH - after sweetening a buyout offer to minority investors.
That was supposed to be a template for Fiat-Chrysler, down to its primary stock market listing in New York.
But Chrysler's minority shareholder is proving troublesome, and Marchionne is struggling to deliver the final act.
In his tussle with the UAW's representatives, Marchionne's hand - and his take-it-or-leave-it bluster - could be undermined by financial realities.
"It's highly unlikely that Fiat could ever walk away," said George Galliers, a London-based analyst with ISI Group.
"That would just leave them back where they were, with a very broken European business," he said. "For Marchionne's credibility and the Fiat equity story, the damage would be irreversible."
Chrysler's first-half performance accounted for more than half of the combined group's revenue, transforming what would have been a 501 million euro ($676 million) loss for Fiat alone into a 435 million euro profit.
Furthermore, Chrysler's cash and industrial scale are critical to Marchionne's expansion plan for the Alfa Romeo and Maserati brands, designed to help Fiat's idle Italian plants export their way out of trouble.
Chrysler's filing language seems designed to deter investors from subscribing to the IPO in the hope of an eventual buyout premium from Fiat, Galliers and other observers said.
"If you're swapping a long-term shareholder like the VEBA (union trust) for a bunch of speculators, the danger is you'll have a book full of hedge funds that just want to cause trouble," said a Milan banker close to the Italian carmaker.
Marchionne is more likely to head off a listing with an eleventh-hour deal to buy part or all of the UAW stake, some analysts predict. He recently hired Ron Bloom, who brokered Chrysler's 2009 rescue for the U.S. government.
Under complex agreements dating from Chrysler's rescue, Fiat has the right to buy up the UAW stake for a predefined price that rises each year and currently stands at around $6 billion.
Fiat also has call options on five tranches of union-held shares that amount to 16.6 percent of Chrysler but are subject to a lawsuit over the strike price. The trust's IPO request covers another portion of its holding, also 16.6 percent.
Based on rival automakers' market valuations and expected 2014 earnings, the UAW's 41.5 percent Chrysler stake is worth about $5.6 billion, UBS estimated on Tuesday.
Accounting for Fiat's call options and progress of the related Delaware court dispute, any comprehensive buyout deal is likely to come in close to $4.9 billion, said Philippe Houchois, a London-based analyst with the bank.
The eventual outcome, and the price Fiat pays, could cement or challenge Marchionne's reputation as one of the auto industry's most accomplished dealmakers.
Completing the buyout and merger may also be his last big stunt for Fiat and its controlling Agnelli family. Marchionne has said he intends to retire in 2015.
And because Ghosn had turned Chrysler down, the fate of its merger with Fiat has added piquancy for Marchionne's already fierce rivalry with the Renault-Nissan alliance CEO.
Ghosn has been known to describe his Fiat counterpart as "the jeans salesman", while Marchionne has retorted with "the Sun King", according to those around them.
Marchionne "wants to be known as the CEO who conquered the car business just like Carlos did," said one person who has worked closely with the Fiat boss and witnessed first-hand his handling of the Chrysler takeover.
"And he's doing it from the most unlikely company - Fiat."
($1=0.7412 euros)
Editing by Anthony Barker


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This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Electronics[1] is the application of devices controlling the flow of electrons, and is considered[by whom?] to have started with the invention of the vacuum tube, which could amplifyEmbroidered Shirt Mustard Womens with Yoke Untung wHvFnqU1x and rectify small electrical signals and was crucial to the rapid development of radio.[2][3] It is considered to be a branch of physics and of electrical engineering.[4][5]
Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes, integrated circuits, optoelectronics, and sensors, associated White Van White Shirt Heusen Heusen Van OfFWzHH, and interconnection technologies. Commonly, electronic devices contain circuitry consisting primarily or exclusively of active Xpose Jeggings Women Cropped Navy Blue 4wnx4qzrW supplemented with passive elements; such a circuit is described as an electronic circuit.
The nonlinear behaviour of active components and their ability to control electron flows makes amplification of weak signals possible. Electronics is widely used in information processing, telecommunication, and signal processing. The ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information-processing possible. Interconnection technologies such as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology, and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality and transform the mixed components into a regular working system.
Electrical and electromechanical science and technology deals with the generation, distribution, switching, storage, and conversion of electrical energy to and from other energy forms (using wires, motors, generators, batteries, switches, relays, transformers, resistors, and other passive components). This distinction started around 1906 with the invention by Lee De Forest of the triode, which made electrical amplification of weak radio signals and audio signals possible with a non-mechanical device. Until 1950 this field was called "radio technology" because its principal application was the design and theory of radio transmitters, receivers, and vacuum tubes.
As of 2018[update] most electronic devices use semiconductor components to perform electron control. The study of semiconductor devices and related technology is considered a branch of solid-state physics, whereas the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems come under electronics engineering. This article focuses on engineering aspects of electronics.
- Palazzo American for Women Elm American Elm Palazzo for 1 Branches of electronics
- 2 for Women Palazzo American Elm Palazzo Elm American for Electronic devices and components
- 3 History of electronic components
- 4 Types of circuits
- 5 Heat dissipation and thermal management
- 6 Noise
- 7 Electronics theory
- 8 Electronics lab
- 9 Computer aided design (CAD)
- 10 Packaging methods
- 11 Electronic systems design
- 12 Palazzo Elm Palazzo Elm American Women American for for See also
- jacquard blue plazo pant women's Skizo xYagnq4Pn
- 14 Further reading
- 15 External links
Branches of electronics[edit]
Electronics has branches as follows:
- Digital electronics
- Analogue electronics
- Microelectronics
- Circuit design
- Integrated circuits
- Power electronics
- jegging 2 Collection Trending OF Christy's SET E8PwTvxEq
- Semiconductor devices
- Embedded systems
Electronic devices and components[edit]
An electronic component is any physical entity in an electronic system used to affect the electrons or their associated fields in a manner consistent with the intended function of the electronic system. Components are generally intended to be connected together, usually by being soldered to a printed circuit board (PCB), to create an electronic circuit with a particular function (for example an amplifier, radio receiver, or oscillator). Components may be packaged singly, or in more complex groups as integrated circuits. Some common electronic components are capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes, transistors, etc. Components are often categorized as active (e.g. transistors and thyristors) or passive (e.g. resistors, diodes, inductors and capacitors).[6]
History of electronic components[edit]
Vacuum tubes (Thermionic valves) were among the earliest electronic components.Lady Faux Pants Jean Sexy Denim Leggings Women Jeggings fTFxqwfI They were almost solely responsible for the electronics revolution of the first half of the twentieth century.[8][9] They took electronics from parlor tricks and gave us radio, television, phonographs, radar, long-distance telephony and much more. They played a leading role in the field of microwave and high power transmission as well as television receivers until the middle of the 1980s.[10] Since that time, solid-state devices have all but completely taken over. Vacuum tubes are still used in some specialist applications such as high power RF amplifiers, cathode ray tubes, specialist audio equipment, guitar amplifiers and some microwave devices.
In April 1955, the IBM 608 was the first IBM product to use transistor circuits without any vacuum tubes and is believed to be the first all-transistorized calculator to be manufactured for the commercial market.[11][12] The 608 contained more than 3,000 germanium transistors. Thomas J. Watson Jr. ordered all future IBM products to use transistors in their design. From that time on transistors were almost exclusively used for computer logic and peripherals.
Types of circuits[edit]
Circuits and components can be divided into two groups: analog and digital. A particular device may consist of circuitry that has one or the other or a mix of the two types.
Analog circuits[edit]
Most analog electronic appliances, such as radio receivers, are constructed from combinations of a few types of basic circuits. Analog circuits use a continuous range of voltage or current as opposed to discrete levels as in digital circuits.
The number of different analog circuits so far devised is huge, especially because a 'circuit' can be defined as anything from a single component, to systems containing thousands of components.
Analog circuits are sometimes called linear circuits although many non-linear effects are used in analog circuits such as mixers, modulators, etc. Good examples of analog circuits include vacuum tube and transistor amplifiers, operational amplifiers and oscillators.
One rarely finds modern circuits that are entirely analog. These days analog circuitry may use digital or even microprocessor techniques to improve performance. This type of circuit is usually called "mixed signal" rather than analog or digital.
Sometimes it may be difficult to differentiate between analog and digital circuits as they have elements of both linear and non-linear operation. An example is the comparator which takes in a continuous range of voltage but only outputs one of two levels as in a digital circuit. Similarly, an overdriven transistor amplifier can take on the characteristics of a controlled switch having essentially two levels of output. In fact, many digital circuits are actually implemented as variations of analog circuits similar to this example—after all, all aspects of the real physical world are essentially analog, so digital effects are only realized by constraining analog behavior.
Digital circuits[edit]
Digital circuits are electric circuits based on a number of discrete voltage levels. Digital circuits are the most common physical representation of Boolean algebra, and are the basis of all digital computers. To most engineers, the terms "digital circuit", "digital system" and "logic" are interchangeable in the context of digital circuits. Most digital circuits use a binary system with two voltage levels labeled "0" and "1". Often logic "0" will be a lower voltage and referred to as "Low" while logic "1" is referred to as "High". However, some systems use the reverse definition ("0" is "High") or are current based. Quite often the logic designer may reverse these definitions from one circuit to the next as he sees fit to facilitate his design. The definition of the levels as "0" or "1" is arbitrary.
Ternary (with three states) logic has been studied, and some prototype computers made.
Computers, electronic clocks, and programmable logic controllers (used to control industrial processes) are constructed of digital circuits. Digital signal processors are another example.
Building blocks:
Highly integrated devices:
- Microprocessors
- Microcontrollers
- Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)
- Digital signal processor (DSP)
- Field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
Heat dissipation and thermal management[edit]
Heat generated by electronic circuitry must be dissipated to prevent immediate failure and improve long term reliability. Heat dissipation is mostly achieved by passive conduction/convection. Means to achieve greater dissipation include heat sinks and fans for air cooling, and other forms of computer cooling such as water cooling. These techniques use convection, conduction, and radiation of heat energy.
Electronic noise is defined[13] as unwanted disturbances superposed on a useful signal that tend to obscure its information content. Noise is not the same as signal distortion caused by a circuit. Noise is associated with all electronic circuits. Noise may be electromagnetically or thermally generated, which can be decreased by lowering the operating temperature of the circuit. Other types of noise, such as shot noise cannot be removed as they are due to limitations in physical properties.
Electronics theory[edit]
Mathematical methods are integral to the study of electronics. To become proficient in electronics it is also necessary to become proficient in the mathematics of circuit analysis.
Circuit analysis is the study of methods of solving generally linear systems for unknown variables such as the voltage at a certain node or the current through a certain branch of a network. A common analytical tool for this is the SPICE circuit simulator.
Also important to electronics is the study and understanding of electromagnetic field theory.
Electronics lab[edit]
Due to the complex nature of electronics theory, laboratory experimentation is an important part of the development of electronic devices. These experiments are used to test or verify the engineer's design and detect errors. Historically, electronics labs have consisted of electronics devices and equipment located in a physical space, although in more recent years the trend has been towards electronics lab simulation software, such as CircuitLogix, Multisim, and PSpice.
Computer aided design (CAD)[edit]
Today's electronics engineers have the ability to design circuits using premanufactured building blocks such as power supplies, Xpose Jeggings Women Cropped Navy Blue 4wnx4qzrW (i.e. semiconductor devices, such as transistors), and integrated circuits. Electronic design automation software programs include schematic capture programs and printed circuit board design programs. Popular names in the EDA software world are NI Multisim, Cadence (ORCAD), EAGLE PCB and Schematic, Mentor (PADS PCB and LOGIC Schematic), Altium (Protel), LabCentre Electronics (Proteus), gEDA, KiCad and many others.
Packaging methods[edit]
Many different methods of connecting components have been used over the years. For instance, early electronics often used point to point wiring with components attached to wooden breadboards to construct circuits. Cordwood construction and wire wrap were other methods used. Most modern day electronics now use printed circuit boards made of materials such as FR4, or the cheaper (and less hard-wearing) Synthetic Resin Bonded Paper (Cotton Strip Drosting with White Raabta Pant qxvAwOpq, also known as Paxoline/Paxolin (trade marks) and FR2) - characterised by its brown colour. Health and environmental concerns associated with electronics assembly have gained increased attention in recent years, especially for products destined to the European Union, with its Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) and Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE), which went into force in July 2006.
Electronic systems design[edit]
Electronic systems design deals with the multi-disciplinary design issues of complex electronic devices, such as mobile phones and computers. The subject covers a broad spectrum, from the design and development of an electronic system (new product development) to assuring its proper function, service life and disposal.[14] Electronic systems design is therefore the process of defining and developing complex electronic devices to satisfy specified requirements of the user.
See also[editVan Van Van Dress Dress Dress Black Black Heusen Black Heusen Van Heusen xqrqYXP]
- Atomtronics
- Audio engineeringRivet Jeans Embellished Estrolo Ankle Women's Fit Skinny Denim Length PTxOxq
- Broadcast engineering
- Computer engineering
- Electronic engineering
- Electronics engineering technology
- Fuzzy electronics
- Index of electronics articles
- List of mechanical, electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing companies by revenue
- Marine electronics
- Power electronics
- Robotics
References[Jegging Blue BuyNewTrend Women Cotton Navy For Lycra zITawPq]
- ^ "the definition of electronics". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
- ^ J.Summerscale (ed.) (1965). "The Penguin Encyclopedia", Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, UK.
- ^ Macksey, Kenneth; Woodhouse, William (1991). "Electronics". The Penguin encyclopedia of modern warfare: 1850 to the present day. Viking. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-670-82698-8.
The electronics age may be said to have been ushered in with the invention of the vacuum diode valve in 1902 by the Briton John Fleming (himself coining the word 'electronics'), the immediate application being in the field of radio.
- ^ "Electronics, Encyclopædia Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica. September 2016. Casual Dresses O Vintage Lace Sleeve Women Party Floral Mini Maxi Sexy Long Neck Printed Dress Chiffon Cotton Fashion Summer Loose z0OH0w from the original on 11 October 2016.
- ^ "Electronics definition, Oxford Dictionary". Oxford University Press. February 2017. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017.
- ^ Power Electronics and Variable Frequency Drives: Technology and Applications - Wiley Online Library. doi:10.1002/9780470547113.
- ^ Guarnieri, M. (2012). "The age of vacuum tubes: Early devices and the rise of radio communications". IEEE Ind. Electron. M. 6 (1): 41–43. doi:10.1109/MIE.2012.2182822.
- ^ Guarnieri, M. (2012). "The age of vacuum tubes: the conquest of analog communications". IEEE Ind. Electron. M. 6 (2): 52–54. doi:10.1109/MIE.2012.2193274.
- ^ Guarnieri, M. (2012). "The age of Vacuum Tubes: Merging with Digital Computing". IEEE Ind. Electron. M. 6 (3): 52–55. doi:10.1109/MIE.2012.2207830.
- ^ Sōgo Okamura (1994). History of Electron Tubes. IOS Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-90-5199-145-1. Archived from the original on 31 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
- ^ Bashe, Charles J.; et al. (1986). IBM's Early Computers. MIT. p. 386.
- ^ Pugh, Emerson W.; Johnson, Lyle R.; Palmer, John H. (1991). IBM's 360 and early 370 systems. MIT Press. p. 34. ISBN 0-262-16123-0.
- ^ IEEE Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms ISBN 978-0-471-42806-0
- ^ J. Lienig; H. Bruemmer (2017). Fundamentals of Electronic Systems Design. Springer International Publishing. p. 1. ISBN 978-3-319-55839-4.
Further reading[A Evening Long Dress Women High Waist Maxi Boho Line O Beach Slim Print Flower 3 4 Party Sleeve Fashion Neck wUZwH7q]
- The Art of Electronics ISBN 978-0-521-37095-0
External links[edit]
|Wikibooks has more on the topic of: Electronics
|Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: Electrical_engineering
|Wikisource has original text related to this article:
|Wikiversity has learning resources about School:Electronics
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Electronics.
- Electronics at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- http://www.dictionary.com/browse/electronics
- Navy 1998 Navy Electricity and Electronics Training Series (NEETS)
- DOE 1998 Electrical Science, Fundamentals Handbook, 4 vols.


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We're known for being clean and green, but Kiwis are still eating up at least twice their fair share of the planet when it comes to sustainability.
Two papers released today by the Royal Society of New Zealand explore how many people the country could support sustainably - and how comfortably.
They found that if the entire world was to live like a New Zealander, we would require more than two planets to sustain us.
Some estimates had put the number as high as five.
The research looked at specific areas - climate change, food production, water quality, native biodiversity, transport and fisheries - where sustainability became an issue and could constrain the country's ability to provide wellbeing to its residents.
The reports are: The Sustainable Carrying Capacity of New Zealand and Constraints to New Zealand's Sustainable Well-Being.
The society's chief executive, Dr Di McCarthy, said the papers offered a strategy on how to operate within the constraints of our resources.
And despite the popular view, the papers found that achieving sustainability was not as simple as a trade-off between our environment and economy.
"Instead, the relationships are complex and interwoven."
She gave an example of the various uses of a river.
Where raft companies, kayakers, anglers, iwi, environmental groups and farmers might want different flow levels, sustainable management of the river would have to take all views into account.
Landcare Research's portfolio leader of governance and policy, Dr Suzie Greenhalgh, who is speaking at the papers' launch in Wellington today, said any responses to constraints over natural resources had to recognise the many connections between the economy and the environment.
New Zealand's lakes, rivers and streams had been affected by increases in pastoral agriculture, which had resulted in a seven-fold increase in the use of nitrogenous fertiliser over the past 20 years and irrigation water takes that had reached or exceeded limits.
But shifting dairying off leaching-prone land and on to more suitable terrain could reduce overall nitrogen pollution without reducing overall output and farm profitability.
Despite options for better performance, New Zealand's progress towards better use of its resources - capable of producing enough calories for 20 million people and enough protein for 45 million people - was slow in many cases.
And while a growth in our economy of 68 per cent within the past two decades had brought about only a 20 per cent increase in greenhouse gas emissions, not enough was being done to halt the growth of our overall greenhouse gas emissions.
This was despite extensive potential supplies of renewable energy.
Study contributor Dr Mike Joy, a senior lecturer at Massey University's Environmental Science and Ecology Group, told the Herald that discussions on sustainability were "long overdue".
"The message is simple - there is no free lunch, at least not the banquet we are having now. Our natural advantages, water and soil, will sustain us but we must not jeopardise them any further."
Sustainability Council executive director Simon Terry said not being sustainable would load costs onto future generations and "risk systems breaking down".
Footprint out of kilter
• "Fair earth shares" are referenced when measuring an "ecological footprint".
• The "fair earth share" footprint is worked out by taking the world's total amount of arable land globally and dividing it by the world population.
• While the current "fair share" is 1.7 global hectares per person, estimates for New Zealand have ranged between 5ha and 8ha. In 2010 New Zealand's ecological footprint was 4.89 global ha per person - five times that of a person in India and almost three times the "fair earth share".
Raglan tops Shore for sustainability
They might like being richer, smarter, more fashionable, influential, beautiful and higher up the career ladder - but the "North Shore" type finishes last in the sustainability stakes.
The people of Raglan and Otara top the list.
Drawing on the book 8 Tribes: The Hidden Classes of New Zealand by Chris Brown and Jill Caldwell, a study under the New Zealand Footprint Project has gauged the ecological impact of eight different Kiwi "tribes".
Tribes were defined by income and lifestyle, and labelled according to their stereotypical state of mind.
In terms of "Earth shares" - calculated by dividing the world's total amount of arable land by the world population - the North Shore tribe would need nearly four Earth planets to sustain their lifestyle, compared with a fair Earth share of one. The New Zealand average sat at just over two.
With an annual household income of $130,000 and characterised by "preferences for high levels of consumption, travel and large houses", the North Shore tribe ranked the highest of the groups in resource over-use, followed by the Remuera and Grey Lynn tribes.The best ranked tribes - Otara and Raglan, with scores of around 1.7 - were still rated worse than the global average in sustainable living.
Otago Polytechnic sustainable practice adviser and research manager Ella Lawton, who wrote the chapter, concluded the amount of money individuals earned allowed them to exercise different types of lifestyles with varying levels of consumption.
"The 8 Tribes case study shows that on average the income bracket that someone is in correlates with the size of their ecological footprint."


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Definitions of stab
v. t. - To pierce with a pointed weapon; to wound or kill by the thrust of a pointed instrument; as, to stab a man with a dagger; also, to thrust; as, to stab a dagger into a person. 2
v. t. - Fig.: To injure secretly or by malicious falsehood or slander; as, to stab a person's reputation. 2
v. i. - To give a wound with a pointed weapon; to pierce; to thrust with a pointed weapon. 2
v. i. - To wound or pain, as if with a pointed weapon. 2
n. - The thrust of a pointed weapon. 2
n. - A wound with a sharp-pointed weapon; as, to fall by the stab an assassin. 2
n. - Fig.: An injury inflicted covertly or suddenly; as, a stab given to character. 2
The word "stab" uses 4 letters: A B S T.
Direct anagrams of stab:
bast bats tabs
Words formed by adding one letter before or after stab (in bold), or to abst in any order:
e - abets baste bates beast beats betas tabes h - bahts baths i - baits l - blast blats o - boast boats botas sabot r - brats s - basts stabs t - batts u - abuts tabus tsuba tubas
Shorter words found within stab:
ab abs as at ba bas bat sab sat ta tab tas
List shorter words within stab, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in stab, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with stab, words containing stab or words ending with stab
All words formed from stab by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: st ta ab
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Helping Grieving People
Relatives, and friends are supportive at the time of a death, during the wake and funeral, food, flowers and their presence are among the many thoughtful expressions. After the funeral, many grieving people wonder what happened to their friends.
They need their support and caring even more when the reality begins to hit and the long process of grief begins. Their help is essential, since immediate family have their hands full of grief and may find it difficult to give support to one another, or may not live nearby. Your help and understanding can make a significant difference in the healing of your friend's grief.
Unresolved grief can lead to physical or mental illness, suicide or premature death. A grieving person needs friends who are willing to LISTEN; cry with them: sit with them: reminisce: care: have creative ideas for coping; be honest; help them feel loved and needed; believe that they will make it through their grief. Ways of helping grieving people are as limitless as your imagination.
- All that is necessary is a squeeze of the hand, a kiss, a hug, your presence. If you want to say something, Say "I'm sorry" or "I care."
- Offer to help with practical matters: i.e. errands, fixing food, caring for children. Say "I'm going to the store, do you need bread, milk, etc.? I'll get them. It is not helping to say, "Call me if there is anything I can do."
- Don't be afraid to cry openly if you are close to the deceased. Often the bereaved find themselves comforting you, but at the same time they understand your tears and don't feel so alone in their grief.
- It is not necessary to ask questions about how the death happened. Let the bereaved tell you as much as they want when they are ready. A helpful question might be, "Would you like to talk? I'll listen."
- Don't say, "I know just how you feel."
- The bereaved may ask "WHY?" It is often a cry of pain rather than a question. It is not necessary to answer, but if you do, you may reply, "I don't know why."
- Don't use cliches like "Life is for the living." Or "It's God's will." Explanations rarely console. It's better to say nothing.
- Recognize that the bereaved may be angry. They may be angry at God. The person who died, the clergy, doctors, rescue teams, other family members, etc. Encourage them to acknowledge their anger and to find healthy ways of handling it.
- Be available to LISTEN frequently. Most bereaved want to talk about the person who has died. Encourage them to talk about the deceased. Do not change the conversation or avoid mentioning the person's name.
- Read about the various phases of grief so you can understand and help the bereaved to understand.
- Be PATIENT. Don't say, "You will get over it in time." Mourning may take a long time. The bereaved need you to stand by them for as long as necessary. Encourage them to be patient with themselves as there is no timetable for grief.
- Accept whatever feelings are expressed. Do not say, "You shouldn't feel like that. "This attitude puts pressure on the bereaved to push down their feelings. Encourage them to express their feelings.
- Be aware that a bereaved person's self-esteem may be very low.
- When someone feels guilty and is filled with "If onlys" it is not helpful to say, "Don't feel guilty." This only adds to their negative view of themselves. They would handle it better if they could. One response could be, I don't think that you are guilty. You did the best you could at the time, don't push down your feelings of guilt. Talk about it until you can let it go.
- Depression is often part of grief. It is a scary feeling. To be able to talk things over with an understanding friend of loved ones is one factor that may help prevent a person from becoming severely depressed.
- Give special attention to the children in the family. DO NOT tell them not to cry or not to upset adults.
- Suggest that the bereaved person keep a journal.
- The bereaved may appear to be getting worse. Be aware this is often due to the reality of the death hitting them.
- Be aware physical reactions to the death (lack of appetite, sleeplessness, headaches, inability to concentrate) These affect the person's coping ability, energy, and recovery.
- Be aware of the use of drugs and alcohol. Medications should only be taken under the supervision of a physician. Often these only delay the grief response.
- Sometimes the pain of bereavement is so intense that thoughts of suicide occur. Don't be shocked by this. Instead try to be a truly confiding friend.
- Don't say, "It has been 4 months, 6 months, 1 year etc. You must be over it by now." Life will never be the same.
- Encourage counseling if grief is getting out of hand.
- Suggest that grieving people take part in support groups. Sharing similar experiences helps. Offer to attend a support group meeting with them. The meetings are not morbid. They offer understanding, friendship, suggestions for coping and HOPE.
- Suggest that the bereaved postpone major decisions such as moving, giving everything away, until later, they may regret their hasty decisions. It is best for the bereaved to keep decision making to a minimum.
- Suggest exercise to help work off bottled up tension and anger, to relax and to aid sleep. Offer to join them for tennis, exercise classes, swimming, a walk, etc.
- Practice unconditional love. Feelings of rage, anger and frustration are not pleasant to observe or listen to, but it is necessary for the bereaved to recognize and work on these feelings in order to work through the grief, rather than become stuck in one phase.
- Help the bereaved to avoid unrealistic expectations as to how they should feel and when they will be better. It is helpful when appropriate to say, "I don't know how you do as well as you do."
- Don't avoid the bereaved. This adds to their loss. As the widowed often say, "I not only lost my spouse, but may friends as well."
- Be aware that weekends, holidays and evenings may be more difficult.
- Consider sending a note at the time of their loved one's birthday, anniversary, death or other special days.
- Practice continuing acts of thoughtfulness – a note, visit, plant, helpful book on grief, attend church with them, plate of cookies, phone call, invitation for lunch, dinner, coffee. Take the initiative to call the bereaved.


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Cristine of Cooking with Cristine picked Quick Classic Berry Tart. This sweet buttery tart crust filled with a vanilla pastry cream and topped with fresh fruit is the ideal spring or summer dessert.
Since I was having guests for dinner last week we made mini tarts to serve for dessert. This was the perfect dessert to have for company because both the pastry cream and the tart shells were made a day ahead. At the last minute all we had to do was assemble the tarts. We are lucky enough to live close to a small farmer's market and were able to get some delicious farm fresh berries and when we were putting everything together, we chose not to glaze the tarts since the berries were so ripe and sweet.
Because the tarts were small and the crust thick, we made small mounds of the pastry cream, which provided the right balance of crispy crust to creamy filling. We topped each of them with a single type of berry since they were mini tarts, but on a larger tart a mix of several berries would also be good.
I had a few tart shells and pastry cream left over so I mixed the pastry cream with some caramel sauce I had made earlier and made a few banana caramel tarts. These were good, but we all liked the combination of the simple vanilla cream with the sweet, fresh berries the best. This is a great recipe for experimenting with seasonal fruits and new flavor combinations and I know we will be trying it again with whatever we can get at our farmer's market this summer.
Quick Classic Berry Tart
Baking: From My Home To Yours
Makes 6 to 8 servings
Storing: Eat the tart as soon after it is constructed as possible, certainly on the day it is made. If you must keep it for a few hours, store it in the refrigerator, making sure to keep it away from any foods with strong odors
About 1 1/2 cups Pastry Cream, cooled or chilled (Recipe Below)
1 9" tart shell made with Sweet Tart Dough
2 pints fresh raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, or strawberries, or an assortment of berries
1/3 cup red currant jelly mixed with 1 tsp of water, for glazing
Smooth the pastry cream by giving it a couple of strong turns with a whisk. Spoon enough pastry cream into the tart crust to come almost to the rim, then even the surface with a rubber spatula. Carefully lay the berries on the cream, arranging them in any pattern that pleases you. If you are using strawberries, either halve them from top to bottom or slice them, depending on the size of the berries and your whim.
Bring the jelly and the water to a boil in a microwave oven or on the stovetop. Working with a pastry brush or a pastry feather, dab each berry with a spot of jelly. Or, if you like, you can glaze the entire surface of the tart, including the bit of pastry cream that peeks through the berries.
Pastry Cream
Makes about 2 cups
2 cups whole milk
6 large egg yolks
1/2 cup sugar
1/3 cup cornstarch, sifted
1 1/2 tsp pure vanilla extract
3 1/2 TBSP unsalted butter, cut into bits at room temperature
Bring the milk to a boil in a small saucepan.
Meanwhile, in a medium heavy bottomed saucepan, whisk the yolks together with the sugar and cornstarch until thick and well blended. Still whisking, drizzle in about 1/4 cup of the hot milk- this will temper, or warm, the yolks so they won't curdle. Whisking all the while, slowly pour in the remainder of the milk. Put the pan over medium heat and, whisking vigorously, constantly and thoroughly (making sure to get into the edges of the pot), bring the mixture to a boil. Keep at a boil, still whisking, for 1 to 2 minutes, then remove the pan from the heat.
Whisk in the vanilla extract. Let sit for 5 minutes, then whisk in the bits of butter, stirring until they are fully incorporated and the pastry cream is smooth and silky. Scrape the cream into a bowl. You can press a piece of plastic wrap against the surface of the cream to create an airtight seal and refrigerate the pastry cream until cold, or, if you want to cool it quickly - as I always do- put the bowl into a larger bowl filled with ice cubes and cold water, and stir the pastry cream occasionally until it is thoroughly chilled, about 20 minutes.The pastry cream can be kept tightly covered in the refrigerator for up to 3 days.
Sweet Tart Dough
Makes 1 - 9" Crust
1 1/2 cups all purpose flour
1/2 cup confectioners sugar
1/4 tsp salt
1 stick plus 1 TBSP (9 TBSP) very cold (or frozen) unsalted butter, cut into small pieces
1 large egg yolk
Put the flour, confectioners sugar, and salt in a food processor and pulse a couple of times to combine. Scatter the pieces of butter over the dry ingredients and pulse until the butter is coarsely cut in - you should have some pieces the size of oatmeal flakes and some the size of peas. Stir the yolk, just to break it up, and add it a little at a time, pulsing after each addition. When the egg is in, process in long pulses - about 10 seconds each- until the dough, which will look granular soon after the egg is added, forms clumps and curds. Just before you reach this stage, the sound of the machine working the dough will change- heads up. Turn the dough out onto a work surface and, very lightly and sparingly, knead the dough just to incorporate any dry ingredients that might have escaped mixing.
Butter a 9" fluted tart pan with a removable bottom ( or for mini tart,s mini tart pans or muffin cups) Press the dough evenly over the bottom and up the sides of the pan, using all but one little piece of dough, which you should save in the refrigerator to patch any cracks after the crust is baked. Don't be too heavy-handed - press the crust in so that the edges of the pieces cling to one another, but not so hard that the crust loses its crumbly texture. Freeze the crust for at least 30 minutes, preferably longer, before baking.
Preheat the oven to 375. Butter the shiny side of a piece of aluminum foil and fit the foil, buttered side down, tightly against the crust. (Since you froze the crust, you can bake it without weights.) Put the tart pan on a baking sheet and bake the crust for 25 minute s(mini tarts bake for about 15 minutes). Carefully remove the foil. If the crust has puffed, press it down gently with the back of a spoon.
Bake for another 8 minutes (adjust your time for minis) or so, or until it is firm and golden brown. (I dislike lightly baked crusts, so I often keep the crust in the oven just a little longer. If you do that, just make sure to keep a close eye on the crust's progress- it can go from golden to way too dark in a flash.) Transfer the tart pan to a rack and cool the crust to room temperature before filling.
Thank you Cristine for a classic, and versatile recipe. If you want to see what the other TWD bakers made check our blogroll.


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Ribbed Cashmere Beanie
Oxblood ribbed beanie. Made from cashmere.
We offer free shipping on selected methods: choose the service that best fits your needs at the next stage of checkout.
We provide free pick up for your returns: you have 14 days from delivery to follow our quick and easy return procedure.
For advice on dunhill products or for help placing an order, please call +44 20 7108 6204


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CERV96 wrote:If Sid has no symptoms and doctor clears him I wouldn't be surprised if he played. It's difficult to get him to miss optional skates let alone sitting out for percautionary reasons. If he is healthy and comfortable in a full cage he will play. Better yet get him one of these.
No way sid will go with:
notice the frownie face.


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Hotel Grupotel Aldea Cala'n Bosch | Home
Arenal d'en Castell | Binibeca | Cala Alcaufar | Cala Blanca | Cala Galdana | Cala Llonga | Cala Morell | Cala'n Blanes | Cala'n Bosch | Cala'n Forcat | Cala'n Porter | Cala Santandria | Ciutadella | Es Canutells | Es Castell | Los Delfines | Mahon | Playas de Fornells | Punta Prima | S'Algar | Santo Tomas | Son Bou | Son Parc | F A Q | Links | Menorca Hotels | Menorca Villas | Flight Information |
Other Hotels in Cala'n Bosch:
Hotel Grupotel Aldea Cala'n Bosch
Hotel Grupotel Club Turquesa Mar
Hotel La Quinta Resort and Spa
Calle Peninsula s/n
Urb. Son Xoriguer
Telephone: +34 971 387 060
Fax: +34 971 387 208
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Web Site: www.grupotel.com
Part of the Grupotel Group of hotels, the 4 star rated Hotel Grupotel Aldea Cala'n Bosch has an enviable sea front location
on a small peninsula, overlooking the beach in the popular resort of Cala'n Bosch on the south west coast of Menorca.
The hotel is approximately 45km west of the capital Mahon and the International Aeropuerto de Menorca airport, and a short walk from the marina and commercial centre of the resort where you will find a wide selection of bars, restaurants and shops.
Built in 1984 and fully renovated during the winter of 2017 the modern low rise Hotel Grupotel Aldea Cala'n Bosch has a total of 114 guest rooms, offering a choice of both one and two bedroom self catering apartments, which are distributed between 7 three storey buildings, and set amidst spacious Mediterranean style gardens and sun terraces around a large central pool area overlooking the sea.
All guest rooms at the hotel are either air conditioned or centrally heated according to the season, and come equipped with a fully fitted "en suite" bathroom with shower and hairdryer, along with an open plan kitchenette with refrigerator and microwave oven, a combined lounge/dining room with additional sofa beds, satellite television with music channels, direct dial telephone, safety deposit box available for rental and either a balcony or terrace, many of which have exterior views over the pool and garden area towards the sea.
In addition to the above features, a daily maid service is also provided, undertaking a change of towels as required and change of bed linen twice a week.
Guest facilities on offer includes a 24 hour reception area with currency exchange desk, and both luggage and courtesy rooms with showers for late departures, along with an air conditioned buffet style restaurant and snack bar, offering a choice of traditional Spanish, international and vegetarian menus, as well as a games room, public internet terminals with high speed WiFi access available in selected areas, laundry and medical services, and both lounge and pool bars.
Sporting and leisure facilities available to guests include a choice of two large outdoor freshwater swimming pools for adults, with separate children's splash pool, and spacious sun terraces and gardens overlooking the sea which are furnished with loungers and parasols. Other leisure facilities includes a children's playground, and both pool and table tennis tables.
In addition to the above leisure facilities, guests staying at the Grupotel Aldea Cala'n Bosch are also welcome to use the facilities at the nearby Grupotel Club Menorca, which includes an additional outdoor swimming pool, children's mini club, a multi sports activity area for 5 a side football and volleyball etc, as well as 3 hard surface tennis courts.
The Hotel Aldea Cala'n Bosch also provides a seasonal programme of evening entertainment with a children's mini disco, which is then followed by either live music, cabaret or other professional shows several times each week.
Hotel Facilities:- Air Conditioned
- Reception Area
- Safe
- Money Exchange
- Luggage Room
- Games Room
- Mobile Phone Network
- Public Internet Access
- Medical Service
- Laundry Service
- Bicycle Rental
- Restaurant
- Bar
- Snack Bar
- Outdoor Swimming Pool
- Children's Pool
- Sun Terraces
- Loungers
- Parasols
- Playground
- Sports Area
- Tennis Courts
- Car Parking
Room Facilities:- Air Conditioned
- Central Heating
- Bathroom
- Shower
- Bath
- Hairdryer
- Kitchenette
- Fridge
- Microwave
- Lounge
- Sofa Beds
- Satellite Television
- Telephone
- Safety Deposit Box
- Balcony
© Copyright Islas Travel Guides
No part of this web site may be reproduced without the prior written permission of the publishers. For further information please contact Islas Travel Guides. Whilst every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of editorial content of this site, no responsibility can be taken for any errors and omissions that occur therein.


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Nashville Travel & Transportation Information
A genuine geographic bull's-eye, Nashville is perfectly positioned to draw people together. 40% of the US population lives within 600 miles of Nashville.
Nashville is one of only six cities in the nation where three interstates connect. I-65 connects the city with Louisville, Indianapolis and Chicago to the north and Birmingham, Montgomery and Mobile to the south. Nashville is bisected by I-40, an east-west freeway that also passes through cities that include Asheville, Knoxville, Memphis, Little Rock and Oklahoma City. I-24 crosses the city from the northwest to the southeast, providing convenient travel from St. Louis, Chattanooga and Atlanta.
Points-of-Interest Maps: Maps outlining major interstate routes and roadways are available at no charge through the Nashville CVC's Visitor Information Centers, located at the corner of Fifth and Broadway, in the tower of the Bridgestone Arena and at the corner of Fourth and Commerce on the lower level of the Regions Bank Building. You can also view those maps online and download pdfs.
Downtown - Parking and Navigation: More than 28,000 parking spaces make it easy to bring a car downtown. Broadway, downtown's main thoroughfare, bisects numbered avenues into north and south. Most corporate offices and government agencies are north of Broadway. For more downtown parking information, please visit parkitdowntown.com.
Buses: The Metro Transit Authority provides hourly service between downtown and the airport seven days a week. Express trips take only 20 minutes, and local service takes 35 to 45 minutes. One-way fares between the airport and downtown are available for under $2. In town, MTA provides bus service in and out of downtown and throughout the city. All-day, unlimited-ride passes are available for $5.25. Downtown circulator buses, called the Music City Circuit, provide free transportation Monday through Saturday. The Green Circuit carries passengers between downtown and the Gulch, while the Blue Circuit serves key destinations between the Schermerhorn Symphony Center and Bicentennial Capitol Mall State Park. Music City Central, the downtown transit station, is located at 400 Charlotte Avenue. For more information, call 615-862-5950 or visit nashvillemta.org.
Taxis: Please refer to our Transportation page and search for Taxi for phone numbers and websites of local taxi companies. Cabs are available from the taxi stand on the ground level of the airport. Nashville features a flat-fee service triangle between the airport, downtown and Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center. From point to point, taxi fares are currently set at $25 per cab for up to four passengers; within the triangle, charges should not exceed the flat-rate fare, which should be posted in the rear window of the taxi. For trips outside the triangle, consult the meter rates posted in the cab. Nashville's taxicab drivers complete a training course sponsored by the NCVC. For more details, contact the Metro Transportation Licensing Commission at 615-862-6777.
Ride Share: Lyft and Uber are both active in Nashville. Download the app and request a ride. A nearby driver will be dispatched to your location within minutes. The Nashville International Airport was the first airport in the country to allow ride-sharing services to operate on the property.
Commuter Rail: The Music City Star Commuter Rail has six stations along the route between Lebanon (east of town) and the destination station at Riverfront Park in downtown Nashville. Upon arrival at the Riverfront Park station, passengers can board one of two Metropolitan Transit Authority buses at no additional cost: one circulates downtown and one goes to West End/Belmont. Trains operate Monday-Friday during peak commuter hours, plus a late train on Friday with a 10:30pm departure from the Riverfront Park station. For more information, call customer service at 615-862-8833 or go to musiccitystar.org.
Nashville International Airport: Nashville's airport is designed to keep you moving, with an easy flow to and from the terminal's 45 gates. The award-winning airport features a range of dining and retail options, two massage bars, a nail salon, terminal-wide Wi-Fi access, an extensive Arts at the Airport program featuring visual art and live entertainment, a full-service business center with foreign currency exchange, and even meeting space for one last conference before you head home.
Quick Facts About the Airport
- The airport code is BNA, which stands for Berry Field Nashville in honor of Col. Harry S. Berry, administrator of the original airport project in the 1930s.
- More than 10 million passengers served annually.
- The 820,000-square-foot terminal is home to nine airlines, including major carriers and their regional partners, which average 440 daily arrivals and departures. Air Canada, American Airlines, American Eagle, Delta, Frontier Airlines, Southwest Airlines, Sunwing, United, and US Airways serve Nashville.
- Flights are available to more than 70 markets; 50 are nonstop, including Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Los Angeles, New York, Orlando, Philadelphia, Salt Lake City, Toronto, and Washington D.C.
- Greeting messages for delegates can be arranged by contacting the airport's Community Affairs/Customer Service Department at 615-275-1611 or through the NCVC Convention Services Department at 615-259-4746.
- The Nashville International Airport was the first airport in the country to allow ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft to operate on the property.
Airport Information Center: Call 615-275-1675 or visit flynashville.com.
Airport Customer Service: The airport has a customer service attendant stationed curbside on the ground level from 6:30am to 11:30pm daily to provide assistance with transportation needs.
Shuttles: The Jarmon Transportation, 615-275-0146, is located on the ground level of the airport and offers transportation to all Downtown & Metropolitan Nashville Area Hotels. Shuttles depart every 15 minutes from the airport. Reservations are not required for service from the airport. Transportation is available from hotels, but reservations are suggested to ensure a timely departure. In addition, they will provide transportation services to Clarksville, Ft. Campbell, and all area Convention Centers including Opryland. One-way tickets are $14 per person; round-trip $25 per person.
The Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center shuttle, 615-889-1000, is available from 5am to 11pm and departs every 20 minutes from the ground level of the airport and from the Cascade and Magnolia lobbies of the hotel. Tickets can be purchased at the Gaylord Opryland information desk on the airport ground level. Rates are $40 per person, round-trip; and $30 per person, one-way. Guests 65 and older and children under 12 receive a discounted rate of $28 round-trip and $18 one-way per person. Children under 4 are complimentary.
Other hotel shuttles are available by using the special hotel telephones on the ground transportation level.
Car Rentals: All major auto rental agencies are represented. Limousine service should be prearranged. Please refer to our Transportation page for more information.
The Metropolitan Airport Authority constructed a new consolidated rental facility, which opened in November 2011.
- Short walk from the terminal
- 1.2-million-square-foot building (larger than the terminal)
- One of the largest projects in Airport Authority history
- Currently houses nine rental car brands, but has space for 10
- Covered walkway to terminal with moving walkways
- 2,400 ready/return car stalls (increase of 1,400 stalls)
- Quick-turnaround facility with 10 car-wash bays, 54 fueling stations, common vacuum and windshield wiper fluid system, and three 20,000-gallon underground fuel storage tanks
- Facility has added 600 covered parking spaces in the current short-term garage for BNA patrons, an increase of 30%
The facility includes several environmentally sustainable features:
- Facility will save 800,000 miles of driving per year
- The use of reclaimed water for washing rental cars
- Energy-efficient lighting
- A lighting-management system to adjust levels based on natural lighting
- A greenscreen wall covered in vegetation