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Report from the Third International Conference on Drug Therapy in HIV Infection
Since last year's announcement of the general safety and effectiveness of Agouron Pharmaceuticals' protease inhibitor nelfinavir, clinicians and patients alike have awaited further news of the drug's efficacy and availability. With nelfinavir now available through an expanded access program and new trials now underway, encouraging data are accumulating rapidly.
Combination trials of nelfinavir and stavudine (d4T) began some months ago and have produced good efficacy and tolerability results. On that basis and encouraged by the results of Bristol-Myers Squibb's trial of didanosine (ddI)-stavudine combination. Louise Pedneault, MD, of Bristol-Myers Squibb, reported on the safety, tolerability, and antiretroviral effect of the triple combination of nelfinavir, ddI and d4T in 22 patients who had at least 10,000 copies of HIV RNA, with no limits on CD4 counts. Eight weeks' data was available from a single-arm, open-label trial which used full doses of each drug. Each drug was begun separately, starting with the nelfinavir. The median CD4 count was 315, and median HIV RNA level was 4.75 log (56,000 copies). Reported adverse events were limited, with 15 participants reporting loose stools and another three reporting grade-2 diarrhea, which was controlled with imodium.
By week eight, 17 participants had experienced median viral load reductions of 1.7 logs and median CD4 increases of 90-100 cells. Pedneault concluded that the combination of nelfinavir, ddI, and d4T showed relatively safe and potent antiretroviral activity and that ddI's antacid buffer had had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir.
Amy K. Patick, PhD, of Agouron, then presented a detailed analysis of the resistance and potential cross-resistance patterns of nelfinavir. Whether and to what extent HIV develops cross-resistance to other protease inhibitors once a patient has used one of these drugs has been a hotly debated issue since this class of drug entered large-scale trials a year ago.
During a genotypic analysis of the HIV protease from 58 patients (52 on nelfinavir monotherapy, 6 on the combinaton of nelfinavir and d4T) Patick, in collaboration with Dr. Martin Markowitz, identified a previously undescribed mutation (D30N). Mutations commonly described for other inhibitors were never observed in patients treated with nelfinavir for over one year. Isolates containing D30N which had high-level resistance to nelfinavir were fully susceptible to all other protease inhibitors including GW141W94.
At last July's International Conference on AIDS, considerable excitement greeted the news that, in certain combinations, Boehringer-Ingelheim's non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor nevirapine (NVP) demonstrated antiretroviral activity similar to that of some protease inhibitors. In Birmingham, Brian Conway, MD, head of the clinical retroviral laboratory at the British Columbia Center for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, reported on one of the most effective combinations utilizing nevirapine: nevirapine/zidovudine (ZDV)/didanosine (ddI). Conway and his team are members of the INCAS (Italy Netherlands Canada Australia States) Study Group.
The study randomized 151 antiretroviral-naive, asymptomatic, HIV-positive participants to three arms: nevirapine plus ZDV plus ddI, ZDV plus ddI, or ZDV plus NVP. The study lasted for one year and used full doses of each drug. Mean CD4 count at study entry was 376 cells (range, 200-600), and mean HIV RNA level was 25,704 copies. After one year, participants gained an average of 50 to 100 CD4 cells, while those on the triple combination gained more than 150 cells. Half of those receiving triple therapy had viral load reductions that fell below the detection limit of 200 copies. In comparison, only 11 percent of those receiving ZDV and ddI fell below 200 copies, and none of those on ZDV plus NVP fell below that detection limit.
A subset of Canadian participants were retested--using both their plasma and their lymph tissue--with the more sensitive Roche Amplicor assay, which can detect as few as 20 copies of HIV RNA. Fifty-one percent of those on the triple combination had fewer than 20 copies of HIV RNA; 12 percent of those on ZDV plus ddI fell beneath that limit; and none of those on ZDV plus NVP fell beneath it.
Results of this trial could have implications for planning antiretoviral strategies. G. Skowron, MD, of the Brown University School of Medicine in Providence, Rhode Island, said that results like these may be applicable for clinicians and patients interested in a "protease-sparing strategy" that would wait to use this powerful class of drugs when they are more needed and when newer generations of protease inhibitors may prove more tolerable. And Conway reported that a small number of patients in the INCAS study had stopped taking ddI after their HIV RNA levels had dropped below the detection limit--and remained below it. Conway said that if there is any implication of this small bit of evidence, it may be two-fold: If you're going to be noncompliant with an antiretoviral regimen, wait until your HIV RNA level falls below the assay's ability to detect it. He further suggested that it may imply that a three- or four-drug induction therapy may be able to be followed by maintenance therapy with two drugs.
Everyone knew that it would happen sooner or later, and the early evidence indicates that the idea of combining two protease inhibitors may be a good one. Both ritonavir (RTV) and saquinavir (SQV) have demonstrated in independent trials that they can prolong survival and slow HIV disease progression. Saquinavir has been plagued by its low oral bioavailability, but when it is administered with ritonavir, its area under the curve (the time and amount of drug that are actually available) increased by more than 20-fold in healthy volunteers.
Now a pilot study of ritonavir-saquinavir combination therapy is underway, with 20 weeks of data available for some study participants. Some 140 participants with CD4 counts of 100-500 were enrolled. Average viral loads were in the 30,000-40,000 range. Subjects could have no previous protease inhibitor experience and had to discontinue any reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Participants were randomized into four open-label arms:
Multiple HIV mutations are needed for resistance to RTV to develop, but sensitivity to SQV is retained even in the presence of those mutations, said William Cameron, MD, of the University of Ottawa and Ottawa General Hospital. Maintaining high RTV trough levels delays development of those mutations that can lead to resistance, and RTV itself sustains high trough levels of SQV. Liver irregularities that can occur with this combination are reversible with termination of treatment.
Eighty to 90 percent of participants in the twice-a-day regimens who were evaluated at week 20 showed HIV RNA levels below 200 copies. CD4 increases in the first two arms ranged between 65 and 135 by week 20 and reached about 115 for both the third and fourth arms by week 12. Recommended dosing regimen remains to be determined. And Cameron cautioned that no one should be tempted to make firm judgments about efficacy and durability of effect on the basis of 20 weeks' data.
Two new antiretrovirals from Glaxo Wellcome are likely to make major contributions in the fight against HIV disease in the near future. Stephen LaFon, of Glaxo Wellcome, presented early data on the company's second-generation nucleoside analogue, 1592U89. LaFon said that the drug has exhibited marked synergy in vitro with zidovudine (ZDV), nevirapine, and Glaxo's protease inhibitor, 141W94. It has shown limited or no cross-resistance with other nucleoside analogues, and so far seems to have excellent blood-brain barrier penetration. Preliminary results of a phase 2 study showed that 1592, in combination with ZDV, yielded reductions of 1.84 to 2.11 logs in viral load and CD4 increases of 84 to 116. Most common adverse events were nausea, headache, asthenia, and rash.
Nathan Clumek, MD, of the Free University in Brussels, briefly discussed 141W94. A phase I/II dose-ranging study in 42 HIV-positive volunteers yielded these data at four weeks: HIV RNA reductions of 0.58 to 1.95 logs and CD4 increases of 64 to 110 cells. These effects corresponded to increasing doses. The most common adverse effects were mild diarrhea/loose stools, rash, and headache. In vitro passage experiments have produced resistance not found in other protease inhibitors.
With the increasingly clear association of human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and a growing array of chemotherapies, researchers and clinicians alike are becoming more hopeful that this once-rare form of cancer can be brought under
control. The strong association of HHV-8 with KS may, in fact, open the way to control the spread of the disease from one individual to another. Robin Weiss, PhD, Institute of Cancer Research in London, asserted that the presence of HHV-8 is highly predictive for development of KS. Some 75 percent of those whose blood contained evidence of HHV-8, he explained, went on to develop KS within five years. He called for urgent development of a good, commercially available antibody assay to screen those who may be at risk for developing the tumor.
Ronald Mitsuyasu, MD, University of California, Los Angeles, offered an overview of current and upcoming KS therapies, focusing on those that offer the greatest potential for success. He pointed to retinoic acids, vesnarinone, and IL-4 as cytokine modulators that may control the development and growth of KS tumors. Some of the greatest interest among patients and clinicians focuses on today's improving anti-HIV treatments. There have been anecdotal reports of complete remissions among individuals taking protease inhibitors, and there has been some association between ritonavir and reduced KS tumors. How to use local therapies, both as mono- and combination therapies, for existing KS lesions is becoming clearer. Paclitaxel, already approved to treat other cancers, has demonstrated a 65 percent response rate against KS tumors, although it can be accompanied by neutropenia, alopecia and rash.
Misuyasu suggested a four-point strategy for managing KS:
Disagreement continues around how to prophylax for the illnesses caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), although treatment of the disease itself has become a little clearer. The risk of developing MAC rises as CD4 counts fall below 100, and the US Public Health Service recommends that prophylaxis begin at a CD4 count of 75. Richard Chaisson, MD, The Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, pointed to studies demonstrating the superior ability of either clarithromycin or azithromycin--as opposed to rifabutin--to prevent development of MAC. However, a substantial number of patients - 11 to 59 percent - for whom prophylaxis with either of the first two drugs fails will develop resistant organisms, making treatment of any subsequent disease more difficult. Decisions about whether to prophylax with clarithromycin or azithromycin must be made on an individual basis, taking into consideration the relative costs, which one works better, adverse individual reactions, and possible interactions with other drugs the person may be taking.
Treating disseminated MAC disease remains difficult. Chaisson warned that clofazimine may be harmful and not very effective. He prefers treating with a combination of clarithromycin (500mg bid), ethambutol (15mg/kg/day), and rifabutin (450mg a day), a regimen he says is active against clarithromycin-resistant strains. Interactions with other HIV-related drugs requires extremely careful administration of these drugs. Some examples: Ritonavir cannot be used at all with rifabutin. With indinavir, the rifabutin dose must be reduced by half. And patients using saquinavir and rifabutin should increase their saquinavir dose. Prophylaxis must be continued for life.
Prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) has been one of the few real victories in the fight against HIV. Yet, in a disturbing number of cases, PCP manages to break through and cause illness, and PCP remains the most common OI affecting people with HIV. Calling into question the notion that P. carinii is found widely throughout the general population, Jens D. Lundgren, MD, University of Copenhagen, pointed to increasing evidence that P. carinii may be transmitted through the air. He suggested that it may be advisable to isolate PCP patients from others who are susceptible.
Acknowledging that new agents and better diagnostic techniques are urgently needed, Dr. Lundgren offered the following treatment recommendations:
Within the last year researchers and clinicians have turned several important corners in managing cytomegalovirus (CMV). As the HIV epidemic has continued, symptomatic CMV has occurred with increasing frequency: With the use of highly effective prophylaxes for Pneumocystis carinii, toxoplasmosis, and Mycobacterium avium infections, more patients are surviving long enough at lower enough CD4 counts for CMV disease to manifest itself. Bruce Polsky, MD, of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, cautioned that clinicians must be careful not to overlook nonretinal sites of CMV disease. CMV in such sites can too easily be mistaken for other opportunistic infections, since the symptomatologies can substantially overlap. In particular, he pointed to CMV disease of the central nervous system and the gut as increasingly important symptoms to watch for, especially for patients with a history of retinal CMV or with high CMV viral loads.
Early analysis of viral isolates from people being treated with ganciclovir for CMV retinitis indicates that people with high-level resistance to ganciclovir will also have decreased susceptibility to later therapy with cidofovir. But low-level resistance to ganciclovir appears not to lead to reduced susceptibility to cidofovir. An in vitro study presented by Julie Cherrington, PhD, of Gilead Sciences, the maker of cidofovir, documented a clear difference between CMV isolates that were highly resistant to ganciclovir and those that had low-level resistance (Table 1). She defined low-level ganciclovir resistance as an IC50 value between 8.5 and 30 µM, mutation of the UL97 gene, but wild-type CMV DNA polymerase.
Study participants with low-level resistance had been treated with ganciclovir for fewer than nine months. High-level resistance was signified by an IC50 > 30 µM and mutations of both UL97 and polymerase. People with high-level resistance had been treated with ganciclovir for more than nine months. In vitro analysis of the 17 isolates with low-level resistance to ganciclovir showed that they remained sensitive to cidofovir (IC50 < 2µM), whereas 11 high-level resistant isolates were no longer susceptible to cidofovir. Isolates with either low-level or high-level resistance to ganciclovir remained sensitive to foscarnet.
Cherrington also reported that decreased susceptibility to cidofovir has, so far, not correlated with a poorer clinical outcome. Among 16 individuals with relapsing retinitis who were treated with cido-fovir for more than two months, seven had decreased susceptibility to cidofovir. But the people whose isolates showed decreased susceptibility have not had faster progression of CMV retinitis than those whose isolates have remained sensitive to the drug.
Looking at resistance to foscarnet after three months of first-line treatment with the drug, Cherrington reported that none of five isolates tested had lost susceptibility to it. But six of 10 isolates from individuals treated with foscarnet for four months after initial ganciclovir therapy had decreased susceptibility to foscarnet. Cherrington said, however, that too little work had been done on resistance to foscarnet as first-line therapy to suggest that the drug should replace ganciclovir as the standard initial treatment for retinitis.
HIV seropositivity and AIDS diagnosis are now recognized as the most potent risk factors for the development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (TB), alongside the well-established aggravators of poverty and migration.
The interaction between TB and AIDS is not simply one of epidemiology. Kevin de Cock, MD, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in England, identified the following interplays between these two major public health conditions:
One of the critical methods to prevent TB and MDR-TB outbreaks is to reduce transmission through good compliance with effective treatment regimens. The World Health Organization proposes using DOT (Directly Observed Treatment), and the success of this approach has been demonstrated. A study by Wilkinson (Lancet, 1992) showed that 89 percent of people on DOT completed therapy, compared with 18 percent not on DOT.
People who are immunocompromised, including those with HIV/AIDS, appear to be six times as vulnerable to acquiring MDR-TB and have a severely increased mortality. The development of MDR-TB may relate to the location of primary acquisition: prisons, shelters, hospital wards, family settings, and HIV and drug use clinics. For this reason, patients with MDR-TB should be isolated (preferably in negative pressure rooms) and all risky procedures should be restricted to areas where there are no people who are immunosuppressed. For example, nebulized pentamidine and bronchoscopies should not take place on open wards.
Those who have been exposed to MDR-TB may be started on post- exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of either ethambutol and pyrazinamide or ofloxacin/ciprofloxacin and pyrazinamide. It is important for PEP to use more than one drug in order to reduce future resistance that may occur should the individual go on to develop TB. Anton Pozniak, MD, at St. Mary's Hospital in London, argued forcefully against the practice of sequentially adding one drug to a failing treatment regimen. Prior therapy is a major determinant of MDR-TB, with 40 percent of people on 14 months of prior therapy developing resistance (compared with less than five percent of people on under two months therapy).
A note from TheBody.com: The field of medicine is constantly evolving. As a result, parts of this article may be outdated. Please keep this in mind, and be sure to visit other parts of our site for more recent information!


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|Hala is youngest one among those ladies
The Ministry of interior did not secure the rally and did not stop the thugs' attacks despite it was a peaceful rally and they had to secure it. The head of Mansoura's directorate are responsible is responsible Logic says so and law says so. The thugs in Mansoura are well known to everybody and can be brought in anytime .. only if the police wants to.
The tragedy that does not stop at the MOI because the Muslim brotherhood leading figures got a hand too. The organizers of the rally from the Muslim brotherhood leading members in the city were warned by several members that the rally would pass by thugs but they did not listen "Testimonies 1,2 and 3"
They know that the protest would include unarmed peaceful women and yet they insist to take that route.
I do not want the army to interfere in anything , I want to police to do its job according to the law for once.
Unfortunately the Muslim brotherhood leading figures continue to harm those ladies. Gehad El Heddad , the MB spokesperson for foreign media has posted a photo on twitter from the Syrian revolution as a photo from Mansoura in disrespect to those ladies who have been killed.
It is not the first time it happened , it happened before during the Republican Guards clashes and it has been discrediting the Muslim brotherhood and their version of the story in Egypt since then.
It is worth to mention that El Heddad apologized later for the wrong photo.
Here is a video for happened filmed by one of the ladies participating in the rally.
|Four of Manial's martyrs
Same thing happened in Giza during the clashes between the MB supporters including Salafists and the locals resulting in horrifying tales of people getting killed and tortured as well. The police could have save a lot of lives if it interfered.
Lives are lost every day in Egypt whether in Cairo or Delta or Sinai from both sides making reconciliation looking like a mirage.
Another thing that makes me extremely sad that Egyptians online are losing their humanity day after day.
Some people are calling Egyptians online not feel sympathy or sad for the death of those ladies because they are in the end MB sheep that were ready to die for the return of Morsi. Oh yes this is what is being said and there is even more like : they are terrorists who killed other Egyptians thus they deserve to die all whether woman or child !! They are not Egyptians , they are loyal to the international Muslim brotherhood thus they should be eliminated from our land.
There is also the classical comments like : Why they brought women to the protests !! Women should be in women and they are hiding behind women
I am sorry for using this language but this is what is being said and spread like fire in the social media and the mainstream media from TV channels and newspapers. People buy it.
I do not care about the MB leading figures or guidance office , screw them 10000 times but, those ladies are Egyptians in the end of the day who should not have killed in this way. This hate spreading not only targets MB members and their families but also Islamist in general.
The polarization and gap created in time of Morsi thanks to the Muslim brotherhood is increasing in a fearful way. We do not need a military intervention from the army or a ministry for national reconciliation now but rather a divine intervention. It is dangerous because you know both sides do not want to give up an concessions , both sides are insisting their sides .. and both are also armed and ready to die to prove that they are victims and martyrs. A side thinks it owns the martyrdom certificate while the other owns the patriotism certificate.
In the end blood is a river in Egypt. Our people died , die and will continue to die in vain. The rights of those ladies will be forever lost like those who were killed in the past 3 years in Egypt including those who killed in Manial , Giza , Sinai and since the start of the 25 revolution. Like any other case all political figures and parties are demanding investigation and justice and like any other case in Egypt it will see none.
Again blood is like denial , just another a river in Egypt

subset: commoncrawl


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Trying to stave off the moment when I would have to do some actual work, I riffled through a stack of business magazines. It was sort of work — there were ads for office equipment, desks, ergonomic chairs and sleek little machines that through the miracle of technology take work you should be doing and dump it on someone else. Who says modern electronic wizardry is overrated? With the simple click of a mouse, my problem becomes your problem.
Much of this literature was dedicated to the resurrection of the "open-plan" office, the idea being that without walls and partitions employees will interact with each other and the resulting interplay of freewheeling brainstorming will produce ideas that will make the company a bundle of money. Synergy, you know.
Plus, the theory is that workers in plain sight will keep busy, or pretend to be, and the plainly visible computer screens will discourage them from stalking Kate Upton.
The corporate-observing Web site inc.com has a more direct explanation: "The business case for open-plan offices is simple. They're cheaper. Without walls you can stuff more people into less space, saving on real-estate costs."
Somehow I doubt this idea originated in a serendipitous gathering of like-minded workers: "Say, I have an idea. Let's all listen to each other's phone calls." Indeed, the National Security Agency's plan to vacuum up every phone call in the country may have originated in an open-plan office.
The cube farm is being replaced in some businesses by freestyle seating — first come, first served — what the rock-concert promoters call "festival seating." The employee plugs in his laptop at a suitable desk and goes right to work, synergistically interacting with his new colleagues.
My first real job was in an open-plan office, except it was called a newspaper city room. Experts in modern open-plan offices believe a certain minimum noise level is necessary for efficiency lest the new quarters become too morguelike.
Too little noise was not a problem in my first workplace. The linoleum floors and inadequate acoustic tiles amplified the sound of the mechanical typewriters, the teletype machines and the permanent and profane seminar on the local sports scene. The city editor spent his day standing, with one foot on his desk, and communicated by shouting at people. The switchboard operator did the same, except she was seated.
In a new job in another office in another city, I wound up in a junior-management position, and one of my first chores was to rearrange the desks and seating arrangements for perhaps 50 writers and editors.
The Wall Street Journal notes, "Companies should think carefully about who they put where, according to experts who study office design and workplace psychology."
Actually, companies should think carefully about getting a concealed-carry permit for the poor sap charged with carrying out the changes. I discovered among my co-workers — whom I had always considered a happy lot — simmering feuds of biblical longevity and Hatfield-McCoy intensity.
When the job was complete, I counted it a success because there had been no fatalities, but I took the precaution of locating my own chair so my back was against a pillar.
And, yes, it was an open-plan office, one advantage of which is that there are lots of witnesses when someone finally loses it and tries to brain a co-worker with those ficus trees that interior decorators unaccountably believe will boost morale and productivity.


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6-8am: American Routes
8am-9am: Kentucky Homefront
A live show recorded in Louisville with host John Gage featuring local and regional artists.
9am-12pm: Music with Mark Murdock
12pm-4pm: Music with Mel Fisher
4pm-7pm: Relics With Duke
Listen for this program focusing on music from 1965-1981!
7pm-9pm: Little Steven's Underground Garage
Each week Little Steven takes you on a two hour trip down the path of what was cool in all six decades of Rock and Roll, a celebration of Pop culture, and features the best emerging new bands worldwide.
9pm-10pm: The Rolling Stones Radio Hour With Kevin Yazell
No stone will be unturned as we explore the past present and future of the Greatest Rock and Roll Band In The World.
10pm-12am: Saturday Night Blues Party with Sheryl Rouse
From Robert Johnson to Derek Trucks, The Saturday Night Blues Party is your opportunity to hear some of the greatest recorded music of all time…and you might learn something along the way!
12am-1am: Woody's Roadhouse
Woodrow on the Radio spins wax for insomniacs all night long in the juke joint of the mind.


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Charlotte —It must have been an oversight when Democrats initially omitted God from their platform. After all, speakers in the big hall have treated the stage like a pulpit and taken turns spewing fire and brimstone at Satan, er, the GOP.
A former worker at a Bain-owned company said Mitt Romney has "no moral compass." A nun called Paul Ryan's budget "immoral" and said, "We are better than them." She got a standing ovation, which tells you all you need to know about the delegates' idea of bipartisanship.
But God is back in the platform now, which would count as a major news event if Republicans ever made that mistake. Then again, they never would.
The detour also included a platform repair on Jerusalem, which had disappeared altogether. It is now again "the capital of Israel," as it was in the 2008 policy statement. Remember when Democrats were the pro-Israel party and didn't need to be shamed into standing up for our threatened ally?
These events count as evidence of how hard and far the party has turned left since Bill Clinton's presidency, and underscored the tension surrounding his appearance last night.
Their mutual animosities notwithstanding, Obama wanted Clinton back because he is in trouble. He could have put Hillary on the ticket, but opted for a big Bubba moment in hopes he would help win over independents and moderate Dems concerned about the economy and the deficit.
Clinton didn't disappoint. He quickly dispelled any doubts that he was all in by calling the Republican vision "an alternative universe" and said, "We Democrats think the country works better with a strong middle class."
He released his inner policy wonk to give a detailed defense of Obama's policies on everything from the auto bailouts to health care to tax hikes. In the process, he put a better spin on Obama's record than the incumbent himself. He also tore apart the GOP reform plans on Medicare with a relish, his passion proving him more than a good soldier.
The rousing endorsement from Obama's most important surrogate surely will be spliced and diced into campaign ads in the swing states. And when Obama emerged to embrace Clinton on the stage afterward, the party seemed fully united and fired up.
If there was an embedded Clinton challenge, it was his praise of various Republican presidents, starting with Dwight Eisenhower, for integrating Arkansas schools, and ending with George W. Bush, for his commitment to combating AIDS in Africa. He extolled not only the virtues but the necessity of bipartisan cooperation.
That perspective echoes Obama's 2008 promise, but stands in stark contrast to his conduct in office and the mood of the convention and campaign.
In that sense, Clinton's hailing of the enemy made him an outlier in a party that is living down to the stereotype of being a collection of angry special-interest groups. Salutes to women, Latinos, unions and young people do not comprise a national appeal so much as a government dedicated to giving away the store to supporters who are being told to believe the system is rigged against them, and, therefore, owes them something.
The cultural implications are abundant and troubling. A video about Detroit featured a woman who described her unemployment check as a "paycheck." And what does it say that Sandra Fluke, famous only for being picked on by Rush Limbaugh, got a better speaking spot than female Democratic senators? The emergence of a victim-turned-celebrity seemed a natural fit.
Placards, signs even media credentials around the hall all carried the slogan "Americans Coming Together." It's a nice thought, but somebody forgot to invite the other half of the country. You know, the half that pays the bills.


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In an epic story written by Andrew Kreisberg of Fringe, two brothers are torn apart after the death of their father at the hands of a grizzly bear. Ten years later, the estranged brothers reunite for the hunt of their lives. One beast tore them apart. Can another beast bring them back together?
Play with the all-new Top Shot Fearmaster*, which tracks your heart rate (X360 and PS3 only) to add a whole new level of reality and dynamic gameplay. Will you be able to control your fear long enough to fend off the deadly beasts?
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The sentence above perfectly describes Liat Ginzburg, an amazing jewelry designer. And not just bigger, but dreamy, playful, fun and loud. I fell deeply in love the moment I visited her website..:)
Liat herself was kind enough to send me one of her pieces, and I am officially a proud fan. Thank you so so much! :)


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Report: Notre Dame QB Golson no longer enrolled
South Bend, IN – Quarterback Everett Golson, who helped lead the Notre Dame Fighting Irish to an undefeated regular season and an appearance in the National Championship game, reportedly is no longer enrolled at the school.
According to multiple sources, Notre Dame chief spokesman Dennis Brown confirmed the information late Saturday night. Brown cited student privacy laws and did not comment as to why the junior-to-be was leaving the school.
Golson made 11 starts for the Fighting Irish last season as a redshirt freshman and scored 18 touchdowns to help Notre Dame post a 12-0 regular season record before falling to Alabama in the National Championship.
He threw for 2,405 yards and 12 touchdowns against six interceptions, while also adding six rushing scores on 298 yards.
Golson's departure leaves the Irish with just three options at quarterback for the 2013 season; seniors Tommy Rees and Andrew Hendrix and early enrolled freshman Malik Zaire.
Quarterback Gunner Kiel, a sophomore-to-be, decided to transfer to the University of Cincinnati before the start of spring practice.
Golson had two seasons of eligibility remaining.


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The sponge Painting
Medium: Oil on Canvas
Painted in (year): 2010
Category: original still-life paintings
TAGS: • Oil • Medium (21 to 39 inch) • Impressionism • Still-Life
The Sponge is an original, one-of-a-kind still-life painting signed by artist Petr Ldin. This piece of art was created in 2010 and the painter used oil on canvas. It measures 24" x 20" inch (60 x 50 cm) and is available for sale online for 300 USD.
Peter Ldin is an artist born in St. Petersburg and was raised around a family of artists as well. This inspired him to pursue his love of painting, and you can see his passion for life and his passion for art in everything he does. Peter Ldin puts a lot of focus on the female body, not always necessarily nudes, but just the expression of life in the female form.


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The Sport Skiff is sure to be a hit with the fisherman that just wants to fish. The open design with the rigid pipe gunnel allows you to pull crab pots or nets without any encumberances. The boat has been designed to provide the quality that is expected from Alumaweld at an affordable price level. The Sport Skiff comes in 10° (16') and 14° (18'-20') with an optional Ride Master Vee bottom in the 18 and 20 foot versions.
Critical boat control, perfect balance and a boat that responds immediately to your commands at the trolling motor. Depending on where you're from it may be called, "free drifting", "side-drifting", "dragging", "rolling shot" or "boon-dogging". These techniques that require critical boat control, perfect balance and a boat that responds immediately to your commands. The 6° whitewater bottom vee married to Alumaweld's exclusive performance Path Lifting Strakes™ enable the Free Drifter to drift into shallow tailouts and plane quickly with minimal bow rise. Wide tackle trays are perfect for storing rods. The forward fuel tank position enhances the Free Drifter's balance which is essential for proper control and the open design allows complete freedom of movement for casting. Call it what you like, but free-drifting is here to stay and has exploded in popularity. Alumaweld worked closely with some of the top experts in the field to create the ultimate ride for the application. The response? A tailored design and new series appropriately named, the Free Drifter.
The Adventurer provides the versatility of a jet or prop application. The 14° bottom with Alumaweld's exclusive Ride Master Vee (RMV) bottom allows you to achieve the benefits of a deep vee bottom. Allowing you to cut through chop and yet the ability to use in a jet application. High sides, along with a wide coaming, provides stability while standing fighting that record fish.The Adventurer maintains benefits that are standard, including locking electronics box, hot tub, washdown and a large fish box with a thru hull drain. In addition, it has the Tuff Dot interior coating for the toughest usage. Take the Adventurer on your next Adventure.
2019 Alumaweld
Adventurer 20 ft.
Designed for shallow water boating, the Super Vee sports a 6 bottom that softens the ride while capably slipping across riffles. Built to meet the demands of professional river guides, the Super Vee includes welcome features like Alumaweld's watertight storage seat boxes, all-welded step deck with dry storage and a fish box, and an aluminum transom storage box that keeps rigging out of harm's way. For those all-seasons anglers that call the river their home and welcome the challenge of shallow water, Alumaweld's Super Vee is ready to make the trip with you!
2019 Alumaweld
Super Vee 20 ft.
Alumaweld's Super Vee Pro has earned many titles, ''the ultimate fishing machine'', ''The Guide's Choice'', and, ''the choice of professionals'', to name a few. Developed by, and for, Western fishing guides, the Super Vee Pro reflects the very highest standards of design, construction and performance. You'll find everything serious anglers want. Generous storage opportunities, welded-in fish box, storage box seating, full length storage trays, full coaming gunnel, and a long list of fishing features that makes the Super Vee Pro a tried-and-true favorite among top Western anglers. Call it what you want, but Alumaweld's Super Vee Pro is the stuff dreams are made of!
Derived from our Super Vee professional series, the Columbia provides taller sides, allowing more free board and a deeper vee bottom for exceptional comfort, including a Ride Master Vee (RMV). The RMV allows use with either a jet or prop configuration.
Check out the Columbia - more storage in the step deck, more room with the 2/3 Pro Transom and delivers the ultimate ride as it cuts through the chop, keeping you and your passengers dry. The Columbia is Alumawelds' latest design - it just keeps getting better.
The Intruder series reflects Alumaweld's commitment to real value by giving you more for your boating dollar. Thoroughly engineered to deliver all-seasons performance, you'll find every detail's been painstakingly addressed. With outboard, inboard jet and sterndrive models to select from and your choice of 20', 22' and 24' lengths, the Intruder is built for complete fishing satisfaction.
Superbly crafted, Formula Vee Outboards represent boating's highest standards available in welded aluminum construction, engineering and performance. Uniquely Alumaweld, the Formula Vee reflects all aspects of Alumaweld's keen attention to detail with tolerances that are the result of naval architects who designed every inch of the Formula Vee to exacting levels of excellence.


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Our community centers offer a wide variety of recreational and education activities year round for residents of all ages. If you don't see what you're looking for, use the search bar above or let us know what you were looking for on this page.


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The sacred history and profane present of a substance long seen as the essence of health and civilization.
For millennia, fresh olive oil has been one of life's necessities-not just as food but also as medicine, a beauty aid, and a vital element of religious ritual. Today's researchers are continuing to confirm the remarkable, life-giving properties of true extra virgin olive oil. But what if this symbol of health and purity has become deeply corrupt? Extra Virginity is an explosive story of oil fraud - a story of globalization, deception, and crime in the food industry from ancient times to the present - but it's also an inspiring account of the artisanal producers, food activists, chemists and chefs who are defending the extraordinary oils that truly deserve the name "extra virgin."
Selected Reviews
How long have readers been waiting for a book like this? A century? A millennium? Finally, the earth's most poetic food has found its storyteller. Essential, smart, and ridiculously overdue. – Bill Buford, author of the bestselling Heat
Mueller builds a convincing case for olive oil as one of the most miraculous and versatile substances in all of nature … Passionately written yet clear-headed. – USA Today, Weekend Book Pick
Mueller reveals the brazen fraud in the olive oil industry and teaches readers how to sniff out the good stuff. – New York Times
Tom Mueller is, in turn, chemist, explorer, scholar and bard, infusing the narrative with a sense of wonder. – Times Literary Supplement
An eye-opening and brilliantly researched exposé. – London Times
In covering an industry that has its heroes and villains, author Tom Mueller does a splendid job of sorting out the players and demystifying the product. – Los Angeles Times
Starred review: Engrossing history, vivid contemporary reporting and a cogent call to action, expertly blended in an illuminating text. – Kirkus Reviews
Skillfully blending international courtroom drama with the rich history of one of the first commodities.... Fans of Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma and Peter Singer and Jim Mason's The Way We Eat will find Mueller's indictment of a slippery trade enlightening and entertaining. – Library Journal
Intriguing and sumptuously researched. — Publisher's Weekly
An eye-opening account of the dark side of the olive oil trade. From small-town Italian farmers to poker-playing agricultural barons, Mueller presents the stories of those whose lives are entwined with and affected by counterfeit oil. As entertaining as it is informative and as fast-paced as a thriller, you will not be able to put it down. — Daily Express
More Reviews ...
- "Slippery Business," the New Yorker article by Tom Mueller that gave rise to Extra Virginity
- Fresh Air: Terry Gross talks with Mueller about Losing "Virginity" in American olive oil
- Mueller's Wall Street Journal story on "Can American Virginity Be Saved?"
- Mueller and others testify at the California State Senate hearing on olive oil quality (January 26th, 2012)
- Olive Oil Buyer's Guide and provisional list of Great Olive Oils of the World
- "Misreading Olive Oil in America" — Huffington Post.
Where to Buy
Amazon | Powell's | Barnes & Noble | W.W. Norton | Audiobook | Amazon UK | Allen&Unwin Australia | Penguin Books SA | Amazon DE | Portuguese edition | Amazon JP | Italian edition


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A Survey of Mathematics with Applications
Addison-Wesley, 1993 - Mathematics - 623 pages
This best-selling text balances solid mathematical coverage with a comprehensive overview of mathematical concepts as they relate to varied disciplines. The text provides an appreciation of mathematics, highlighting mathematical history, and applications of math to the arts and sciences. It is an ideal book for students who require a general overview of mathematics, especially those majoring in liberal arts, the social sciences, business, nursing and allied health fields. Let us introduce you to the practical, interesting, accessible, and powerful world of mathematics today-the world of "A Survey of Mathematics with Applications, "Expanded 8e,""
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addition amount angles answer associative property base cards clock arithmetic column commutative property compound statement conditional statement Construct contrapositive cost counting numbers cubic decimal deductive reasoning digits divide divisible empirical probability Example Exercises Explain F F F F T F factors false Fibonacci figure Find the probability formula geometric sequence geometry given graph Hindu-Arabic Hindu-Arabic numeral identity element illustrated inequality integers interest rate inverse irrational numbers loan mathematical system mathematician matrix mean metric system monthly payment mortgage multiply natural numbers number line operation p a q p v q percent polygon prime number procedure quotient rational number real numbers region represent sample space scientific notation Section sequence set-builder notation side simple interest square standard deviation subset subtraction symbolic system of equations total number triangle true truth table units variable Venn diagram vertices Write y-intercept


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Have a look inside the COP
You've probably been hearing a lot about COP 16 in the news—the United Nations climate conference, currently taking place in Cancun, Mexico. In case you're feeling kind of far removed from all the action, this video gives you an inside peek. It shows the exhibition area, where different NGOs are displaying what they are doing to address climate change in their home countries.


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I first tried mascara when I was 17. I think it was Maybelline Volume Express. I loved how thick it made my lashes thick but it definately made my lashes flop like mad, and ran everywhere. This was the waterproof version too – so I gave up altogether untill one day, I went for a Shu Uemura make over.
Still one of my favourite MA's ever, Vicky at Shu Uemura, Manchester, did a quick make up on me. She knew how to do a Chinese eye, which was impressive. Then she curled my lashes, and applied a mascara. How much was it? £16. Eek, that's a lot me thought, for a product I rarely used so I passed.
When I got home I realised something was odd with my eyes. The looked – wider. Brighter. Alive, baby, alive.
My lashes were not only curled (properly) but they had three coats of black mascara and looked wide, dark, thick and most of all, they had held the most amazing curl.
I poked and prodded to see if it would move, but no, my curly lashes were there to stay. Needless to say, I went back for this product the next day.
So for me, this Shu Uemura mascara, though having its faults, is really the one that showed my what a appropiate mascara can do. Choose the right mascara for your lashes! Zat is da key!
Here are my two Length & Waterproof Mascaras –
In Blue & Black. What I really love about the brush is that it is very small and gets to all the little hairs on the bottom lashes and on the top corner.
Here are the results on my lashes:
Now to be fair, every mascara I test will be used on its own on clean lashes, curled, with no base. I will only use one coat.
Lengthening – 8/10. Makes my puny lashes look very long.
Volumising – 5/10. This is not for ladies who want lots of volume but for people with lashes like mine who want length more than short thick lashes, this mascara is preferable.
Brush – 8/10. The brush is ideal for short lashes.
Staying Power – 9/10. This is waterproof, bath proof, shower proof.
Smell – No scent.
Clump or no Clump? – Clumps after a month.
Price – 6/10. £16 is pretty steep.
Packaging – 4/10. Plain and ugly container especially for the price.
Ease Of Removal – 3/10. Well, it is waterproof, but it is also Eye Makeup Remover proof and I use an array of eye make up removers. This is a bummer to take off – to truly remove it you need to use remover then give the lashes a comb. One of the reasons why we don't love each other so much anymore.
Curl Factor – 7.5/10. Still one of the best mascaras around for retaining and enhancing curl. You'll see what I mean when we look at the other mascaras.
I can't fault this for keep poker straight lashes in shape, but it is a real pain to remove. It also feels very dry on the lashes (as most waterproof mascaras do in fairness), and after a month there are signs of minor clumping. The price is pretty steep, and you may prefer one of the other Shu mascara's (soon to be reviewed!) BUT – the brush on this products is wonderful (I always wash and keep the brushes).


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In order to keep time properly,
# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime # date Sun Feb 16 08:26:44 CET 2003
In most Gentoo Linux installations, your hardware clock is set to
UTC (or GMT, Greenwich Mean Time) and then your timezone is
taken into account to determine the actual, local time. If,
for some reason, you need your hardware clock not to be in UTC,
you will need to edit
(recommended:)CLOCK="UTC" (or:)CLOCK="local"
A Locale is a set of information that most programs use for determining
country and language specific settings. The locales and their data
are part of the system library and can be found
Locale settings are stored in environment variables. These are typically
set in the
|Variable name
Most typically users only set the LANG variable and perhaps LC_CTYPE variable on user level by adding definitions to shells startup files defining the environment variable manually from command line:
export LANG="de_DE@euro"
It is also possible to set a system-wide locale for all users and programs:
LC_ALL="de_DE@euro" LANG="de_DE@euro"
A common practice is to use only per user locale settings and leave the
default system locale unset. In this case system locale defaults to a
special value
For message based localization to work in programs that support it, you will
probably need to have programs compiled with the
Once you have set the right locale, be sure to update your environment variables to make your system aware of the change:
(For system-wide default locale:)# env-update && source /etc/profile (For user-specific locale:)$ source ~/.bashrc
After this, you will need to kill your X server by pressing
Now, verify that the changes have taken effect:
$ env | grep -i LC_
There is also additional localisation variable called LINGUAS, which affects
to localisation files that get installed in gettext-based programs, and decides
used localisation for some specific software packages, such as
# nano -w /etc/make.conf
(Add in the LINGUAS variable. For instance, for German, Finnish and English:)LINGUAS="de fi en"
If you use a locale that isn't available by default, you should use
# localedef -c -i en_US -f ISO-8859-15 en_US.ISO-8859-15
After having generated the locale, you can export the LANG variable as you see fit.
# export LANG="en_US.ISO-8859-15"
Be sure to update the environment after the change:
# env-update && source /etc/profile
After this, you will need to kill your X server by pressing
You will probably only use one or maybe two locales on your system. Up until now
after compiling
echo "sys-libs/glibc userlocales" >> /etc/portage/package.use
Now specify the locales you want to be able to use:
en_US/ISO-8859-1 en_US.UTF-8/UTF-8 de_DE/ISO-8859-1 de_DE@euro/ISO-8859-15
The next step is to re-compile
The keyboard layout used by the console is set in
KEYMAP="de" KEYMAP="de-latin1" KEYMAP="de-latin1-nodeadkeys"
The keyboard layout to be used by the X server is specified
Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Keyboard1" ... Option "XkbLayout" "de" #Option "XkbModel" "pc105"
## this is for international keyboards.# Option "XkbVariant" "nodeadkeys" ## this would be used for xterm input...
If you have an international keyboard layout, you should set the option
Deadkeys allow you to press keys that will not show immediately but will be
combined with another letter to produce a single character such as é,è,á,à,
etc. Setting
If you would like to switch between more than one keyboard layout (for example
English and Russian), all you have to do is add a few lines to
Section "InputDevice" Identifier "Keyboard1" ... Option "XkbLayout" "us,ru" Option "XkbOptions" "grp:alt_shift_toggle,grp_led:scroll"
For KDE you have to install the
In order to get your console to display the Euro symbol, you
will need to set
You should verify that
# rc-update show | grep -i consolefont
If no runlevel is displayed for
# rc-update add consolefont boot
Getting the Euro symbol to work properly in X is a little
bit tougher. The first thing you should do is change the
fixed -misc-fixed-medium-r-semicondensed--13-120-75-75-c-60-iso8859-15 variable -*-helvetica-bold-r-normal-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15
Some applications use their own font, and you will have to
tell them separately to use a font with the Euro symbol. You
can do this at a user-specific level in
(in your home directory)$ echo 'XTerm*font: fixed' >> .Xresources $ xrdb -merge .Xresources
To use the Euro symbol in (X)Emacs, add the following to
Emacs.default.attributeFont: -*-courier-medium-r-*-*-*-120-*-*-*-*-iso8859-15
For XEmacs (not plain Emacs), you have to do a little
more. In
(define-key global-map '(EuroSign) '[€])
The current stable


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By Charlie Romeo - Mon Oct 23, 2017 7:13 am
- Mon Oct 23, 2017 7:13 am #400722
I write my log in an almost story like manner...its easy to remember that way even from decades ago and besides the statistical info, i mention any good or bad moves i did,the pilots who were with me,unusual weather etc. I never logged the first 5 yrs...it didn"t seem important...I think it became a legal requirement[ Is it still?}, ...I wish i had my Gopro back then too


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VANDALIA – The Lady Vandals have opened the calendar year with three straight wins after beating county rival South Central, 72-11, on Monday.
Eleven Lady Vandals scored in the game against the inexperienced Lady Cougars, with senior Amber Bruno pacing the offense with 18 points.
Junior Megan Godoyo had 15, while junior Kaitlyn Kershaw had a season-high 10 and freshman Karlie Bright matched her career-high with seven for the Lady Vandals (8-11).
Vandalia's wrestling team had three individual placers at the Princeton Invitational Tournament, and finished 23rd as a team with 50 points.
Senior Zach Jackson had the highest finish, with sixth place, while sophomore Dalton Blankenship and senior Sean Newcomb each placed eighth.
Dakota was the team champion with 190 points.
Sophomore Ryne Lipsey recorded the fastest pin of his career, taking down Princeton's Tyler Webster in 10 seconds in first-round action.
The Vandalia wrestlers throttled a pair of opponents on Tuesday night at a tri-meet in East Alton-Wood River.
The Vandals knocked off EAWR, 84-0, and then dismantled Carlinville, 78-4.
Against EAWR, Vandalia (11-6) received eight forfeit wins and posted pins in the remaining matches.
Included were the first career pins for sophomore Todd Ashdown and freshman Luke Tessman.
Against Carlinville, the Vandals got nine forfeit wins and four pins.
BROWNSTOWN – After watching their big lead evaporate through the middle two quarters, the Bombers made sure they played a strong fourth quarter to get their first Egyptian-Illini Conference win of the season.
Leading by just one entering the final period of last Friday's game against Cowden-Herrick, Brownstown (8-6, 1-0 EIC) played well in the last four minutes to secure a 70-63 victory.
"Our guys came in and decided to work over Christmas break," said coach Vince Rohr. "That came out and translated tonight.
St. Elmo dismantles Ramsey in EIC action
The Eagles posted a 51-14 win at Ramsey on Tuesday night.
Led by Levi Maxey's 16 points and Connor Beasley's 15 points, St. Elmo (9-6, 1-1 EIC) cruised to victory, holding the Rams (3-11, 0-5 EIC) to just five points in the first half.
Kyle Hardimon scored his first career points for the Eagles, securing a three-point play in the fourth quarter; Nick Bauer had his season's first points, with a field goal in the fourth quarter; and freshman Malachi Maxey tied his career-high of five points.
RAMSEY – Mulberry Grove held the Rams scoreless in the fourth quarter last Friday, securing a come-from-behind win, the first Egyptian-Illini Conference victory of the Aces' season.
The Aces trailed 21-12 at halftime, but used a 14-0 run over the final eight minutes to produce a 38-27 win.
Junior Devonta Williamson paced Mulberry Grove (2-9, 1-2 EIC) with a game-high 12 points, but it was freshman Ty James who made the biggest mark in the final period.
James scored all six of his points then, making one field goal and 4-of-7 free throws.
PATOKA – The Warriors picked up their first win of the second half by beating Cisne, 58-37, last Thursday night.
Junior Johnnie Clift scored 13 points to lead all scorers, and senior Quinn Wadkins got to 100 points on the season by scoring 12 in the game.
Patoka (8-5) trailed by one after the first period, but scored 17 points in the second quarter to take a 25-18 lead to halftime. Included in that period were three 3-pointers, one each for Sheldan Felchlia, Seth Allen and Dylan Back.
The stat leaders of Vandalia's fall sports teams are all listed below. Statistics are calculated using stats taken in-person when possible. For other games, coaches reports are used.
Many athletes who spent their high school years in Fayette County have moved on to play for college or professional teams. Below are the athletes who recently made headlines.
Jessica Earnest • Senior • Vanderbilt
•Earnest, a Vandalia graduate, and the No. 3 Vanderbilt University bowling team will travel to the Mid-Winter Classic at Arkansas State University this Friday-Sunday.
Boys basketball
•Jan. 11 vs. Greenville, 6 p.m.
Girls basketball
•Jan. 10 vs. Pana, 6 p.m.
•Jan. 12 at Highland Tournament
•Jan. 10 at Highland, 6 p.m.
•Jan. 12 Home quad, 10 a.m.
•Jan. 14 at Roxana, 6 p.m.
•Jan. 15 Home JV quad, 6 p.m.
F/S boys basketball
•Jan. 10 at Greenville, 6 p.m.
•Jan. 14 vs. Hillsboro, 6 p.m.
Jr. High boys basketball
•Jan. 10 at Greenville, 6 p.m.
Copyright © 2019
The Leader Union is your source for local news, sports, events and information in Vandalia, Il, and the surrounding area.


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Antique Mahogany Folding Cake Stand c.1900
For weekly notifications of new arrivals in your categories of interest please click HERE.
This is a beautiful antique Edwardian three tier folding mahogany table cake stand, circa 1900.
The stand features delicate brass inlay.
The stand comes especially handy while serving an afternoon tea.
Add a little bit of style to your Sunday tea experience.
Very good original & untouched condition - please refer to pictures.
Dimensions in cm:
Height 26 x Width 40 x Depth 22
Dimensions in inches:
Height 10 inches x Width 1 foot, 4 inches x Depth 9 inches
is probably one of the largest 'families' of hardwood, having many different varieties within its own species.
Mahogany has been used for centuries in ship building, house building, furniture making etc and is the core structure of just about every 19th century vanity box, dressing case or jewellery box. It became more of a Victorian trend to dress Mahogany with these decorative veneers, such as Rosewood, Kingwood, Burr Walnut and Coromandel, so that the actual Mahogany was almost hidden from view.
Mahogany itself is a rich reddish brown wood that can range from being plain in appearance to something that is so vibrant, figured and almost three dimensional in effect.
Although Mahogany was most often used in its solid form, it also provided some beautifully figured varieties of veneer like 'Flame' Mahogany and 'Fiddleback' Mahogany (named after its preferred use in the manufacture of fine musical instruments).
Cuban Mahogany was so sought after, that by the late 1850′s, this particular variety became all but extinct.
Angelica Kauffman, RA (1741 - 1807)
was a Swiss-born Austrian Neoclassical painter who had a successful career in London and Rome. Though born as "Kauffmann", Kauffman is the preferred spelling of her name in English; it is the form she herself used most in signing her correspondence, documents and paintings.
While Kauffman produced many types of art, she identified herself primarily as a history painter, an unusual designation for a woman artist in the 18th century. History painting, was considered the most elite and lucrative category in academic painting during this time period. Under the direction of Sir Joshua Reynolds, the Royal Academy made a strong effort to promote history painting to a native audience who were more interested in commissioning and buying portraits and landscapes.
Despite the popularity that Kauffman enjoyed in British society and her success as an artist, she was disappointed by the relative apathy that the British had towards history painting. Ultimately she left Britain for the continent, where history painting was better established, held in higher esteem and patronized.
The works of Angelica Kauffman have retained their reputation. By 1911, rooms decorated with her work were still to be seen in various quarters. At Hampton Court was a portrait of the duchess of Brunswick; in the National Portrait Gallery, a self-portrait. There were other pictures by her at Paris, at Dresden, in the Hermitage at St Petersburg, in the Alte Pinakothek atMunich, in Kadriorg Palace, Tallinn (Estonia).
is a hard and durable wood with a satinlike sheen, much used in cabinetmaking, especially in marquetry. It comes from two tropical trees of the family Rutaceae (rue family). East Indian or Ceylon satinwood is the yellowish or dark-brown heartwood of Chloroxylon swietenia.
The lustrous, fine-grained, usually figured wood is used for furniture, cabinetwork, veneers, and backs of brushes. West Indian satinwood, sometimes called yellow wood, is considered superior. It is the golden yellow, lustrous, even-grained wood found in the Florida Keys and the West Indies.
It has long been valued for furniture. It is also used for musical instruments, veneers, and other purposes. Satinwood is classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Sapindales, family Rutaceae.
Our reference: 05585
Please feel free to email or call us (+44 20 8809 9605) to arrange a viewing in our North London warehouse.
We ship worldwide and deliver to Mainland UK addresses free of charge.
A shipping cost to all other destinations must be requested prior to purchase.
To request a shipping quote for the items in your cart, please click HERE.
Delivery and return policy:
We require that someone be home on the agreed delivery day if applicable, otherwise a redelivery fee will apply.
In accordance with Distance Selling Regulations, we offer a 14-day money back guarantee if you are not satisfied with the item.
The item must be returned in its original packaging and condition.
Unless the item is not as described in a material way, the buyer is responsible for return shipping expenses.
Buyers are fully responsible for any customs duties or local taxes that may be incurred on items sent outside of the European Union.


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Contact Us
Your feedback is important to us!
Plumbers are usually on call at any time of the day so they can handle emergency situations such as burst geysers or water pipes. It makes sense to have your plumber's telephone number easily found when disaster strikes in Blouberg. You can't think straight with water swishing round your ankles or with water shooting out of your tap in a fountain-like fashion because something has gone horribly awry. There should be basic plumbing courses offered for homeowners to learn how to tackle the minor plumbing issues such as changing washers, unblocking a drain, etc. You can, of course, look it up on the internet, but this can hardly take the place of a hands-on plumbing learning experience. Many plumbing jobs require specialised plumbing tools that the normal homeowner does not have at his disposal or the job is so messy that it would be insane to actually do it yourself. So many older houses have corroding plumbing pipes which will eventually require replacing and toilet cisterns and basins which crack and start to leak. Replacing these systematically as required would be a good idea rather than leaving them to deteriorate further and causing more plumbing damage. Always listen to your taps when water is running so that you can detect the sound of a leak underground when all taps are off. Water is expensive and if left unchecked the account could be thousands of rand after a few weeks. So for your Plumbing blouberg nedds contact Plumbers Blouberg now.
Some keywords to help you find us - plumbers blouberg, plumbers, plumbing, bathroom plumbing, blouberg
Finding the right plumber is the first step to solving plumbing requirements. When looking for a plumber it is best to find one who is located closest to you – so should there be any complications they can come out to sort them out. We offer a service whereby you can get quotes from one or more plumbers in the blouberg area. Our website enables you to submit a quote via our quote request from on our website – and we will arrange the quotes for you from one or more of or reliable and registered plumbers. We don't just use anyone – we make sure we get companies who are reliable and willing to undergo a follow up procedure. What we do once the project or job is completed, is we make contact with you the customer to make sure that you are satisfied with the job. We do this so we can get a good idea of which plumbers in Blouberg are doing a great job – and which are not. Those that do not do a great job are eventually removed from our list, so you can be sure that the quotes you get are from reliable plumbers in blouberg. Cape Town Plumbers.


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To be in the thrall of Mexican filmmaker Carlos Reygadas' beautiful, hypnotic images is to be alive to the decorous, the monstrous and the ridiculous, but also to feel deeply how they might interconnect. Entering the impressionistic hodgepodge that is his latest meditation, "Post Tenebras Lux," which won Reygadas the director prize at last year's Cannes Film Festival, moviegoers beholden to clean narrative may feel they need their own explanatory GPS and audio guide. But the richer reward lies in allowing oneself to be led by this gifted director's instinct for lyrical, sensory exploration.
The movie, whose title is a Reformation-era motto meaning "after darkness, light," is itself slapped into existence with a stunning sequence in which a little girl merrily scampers across a puddle-filled soccer pitch in a sweeping valley. She's surrounded by cows, horses, dogs, a darkening sky and a rippled blurring on the edges of the frame, and her childish ecstasy feels ethereally powerful amid the roiling naturescape around her. Never bashful about his bold image-making, Reygadas may not have been able to orchestrate the lightning, but he at least created the child who's front and center — it's his own daughter, Rut.
What follows is a sequence more intimate and disturbing, a nightly call to a sleeping house by a glowing red devil figure carrying a toolbox. Is one a dream and one a nightmare? Reygadas won't explain (and pointedly refuses to in interviews), but as the primary story settles in — focusing on a well-to-do family's move to a mountainside home, surrounded by poor villagers with simmering resentments — the early, head-scratching, seemingly incongruous scenes of abandon and invasion manage to haunt the rest of the picture. Coupled with what the director will cop to, that "Post" is semi-autobiographical, it seems safe to say that he's after something elusive about new domesticity in an anciently picturesque environment.
An immersive artist fascinated by humankind's place in the natural world — be it a suicide-minded traveler revitalized by a peasant grace ("Japon") or a Mennonite farmer's tussle with faith-shaking adultery ("Silent Light") — Reygadas is once again burrowing into the lived-in truth behind moments of simple bliss and aching portent, aided by the entrancing cinematography of Alexis Zabe and the sumptuous sound work of Gilles Laurent. A misty mountainside is disturbed by the sound of chain saws. A quiet family morning is thrown into shock when the father, Juan (Adolfo Jimenez Castro), brutally punishes one of the local dogs. What appears to be a fast-forward to a boisterous multigenerational reunion is followed by the parents' trip to a sex club in a French bathhouse. In this primal universe, the upsetting always seems around the corner from the Edenic, and vice versa.
There are glimpses of the future, wisps of the past and unanchored interludes, but Reygadas won't keep a steady chronology or point to, well, a point. Only when a fateful turn of events has wife/mom Natalia (Nathalia Acevedo) tunelessly warbling Neil Young's "It's a Dream" to her bedridden husband, himself suddenly moved by a dream of childhood in which he saw "how everything is alive, shining, all the time," does the movie even threaten to coalesce its themes into an intimate portrait of the struggle to keep our realities and fantasies on an even keel.
Then again, maybe the interludes of rugby-playing English schoolboys might throw you off completely. You might see Reygadas as merely a painterly noodler, given to pretension (it's true) and willful experimentation (very true). But "Post Tenebras Lux" is that real rarity in cinema, a visually striking archaeology of the psyche that benefits both the moviegoer primed to engage Reygadas' ideas, and the ones open to being swallowed in an art film wave. Because after the darkness of the movie house sets in, believe me, there is a very active, provocative and stunning light.
'Post Tenebras Lux'
MPAA rating: Unrated
Running time: 1 hour, 55 minutes
Playing: At Cinefamily, with weekend matinees only at Laemmle Noho 7 and Playhouse 7 in Pasadena


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European Commission
Brussels, 28 May 2013
Commission welcomes breakthrough on its proposal to guarantee citizens' rights to access a lawyer and on the right to communicate upon arrest
A European Commission proposal to guarantee the rights of all citizens to be advised by a lawyer when facing criminal proceedings moved a step closer to agreement today, after a breakthrough in negotiations between the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers. The draft law would mean all suspects – no matter where they are in the European Union – would be guaranteed the right to be advised by a lawyer from the earliest stages of proceedings until their conclusion. Where a suspect is arrested the new rules would ensure that the person has the opportunity to communicate with their family. If they are outside of their country, they would have the right to be in contact with their country's consulate.
"Today's breakthrough in negotiations is a breakthrough for citizens' rights in the European Union," said Vice-President Viviane Reding, EU's Justice Commissioner. "This is the third proposal from the European Commission to guarantee fair trial rights for people everywhere in the EU, whether they are at home or abroad: Commission is delivering on its promises to strengthen citizens' rights everyone in Europe. I applaud the work of the Rapporteur Ms Oana Antonescu and of Minister Alan Shatter of the Irish Presidency for today's breakthrough. I count on the European Parliament and Council to continue their good work so that this proposal swiftly follows the others onto the European statute book."
Today's breakthrough came in a so-called trilogue meeting between the Commission and the EU's two co-legislators (the European Parliament and the Council). It is the third in a series of Directives to guarantee fair trial rights for citizens, wherever they are in Europe (IP/11/689). The Directive is one of the key actions to improve citizens' lives in the Commission's 2010 EU Citizenship Report.
Next steps: The text will now pass back to the co-legislators (Parliament and Council) for formal adoption in the coming months. Discussions are scheduled at the meeting of EU Justice Ministers (Justice Council) on 6 June.
Access to a lawyer rights are essential for building confidence in the European Union's single area of justice, especially when suspects are arrested as a result of a European Arrest Warrant (IP/11/454). The proposed right of access to a lawyer is the third Directive in a series of proposals to guarantee minimum rights to a fair trial anywhere in the European Union. The others are the right to translation and interpretation (see IP/10/1305 and MEMO/10/351) and the right to information in criminal proceedings (see IP/12/575). These measures aim to establish clear rights across the EU and safeguard people's fundamental rights to a fair trial and the right of defence. The proposals need approval by the European Parliament and Council of Ministers before becoming law.
There are over 8 million criminal proceedings in the European Union every year. The right of defence for anyone suspected of a crime is widely recognised as a basic element of a fair trial. But the conditions under which suspects can consult a lawyer differ between Member States. For example, the person accused of a crime may not be able to see a lawyer during police questioning. The confidentiality of their contacts with their laywer might not be respected. And people sought under a European Arrest Warrant may not currently have the benefit of a lawyer in the country where the warrant has been issued until they are surrendered to that country.
There are similar divergences in terms of the right of suspects to let a relative, employer and their consulate know when they have been arrested. Individuals may not systematically be offered this right, may only receive it at a late stage in the process, or may not be informed once their family has been contacted.
The Directive will guarantee these rights in practice, by:
The right to a fair trial and defence are set out in Articles 47 and 48 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights; as well as in Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The right to communicate with a third party is one of the important safeguards against ill treatment prohibited by Article 3 of the ECHR.
For more information
European Commission – fair trial rights
Homepage of Vice-President Viviane Reding, EU Justice Commissioner:
Follow the Vice-President on Twitter: @VivianeRedingEU
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Bears terminate Fluellen's contract
Lake Forest, IL – The Chicago Bears have terminated the contract of defensive tackle Andre Fluellen.
The Bears had signed Fluellen on April 9. He split last season with Miami and Detroit, notching six tackles in a combined five games.
Fluellen spent his first four NFL seasons with the Lions, who released him just before the start of the 2012 campaign. He has 52 tackles and 2 1/2 sacks in 56 career NFL games, including six starts.


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Boston celebrates the Sox
Boston celebrates the Sox
Red Sox president Larry Lucchino said the club wants to use Saturday's victory parade to show its appreciation to its fans.
Paul Kawa of Medford gathered a pile of Red Sox gear at Modell's on Thursday. "This is all going to Florida" for family and friends, he said.
Arthur D'Angelo, 86, sat at his souvenir shop across the street from Fenway Park.
A banner hung on the front of the Massachusetts State House.
A 2013 World Series banner was unveiled at Fenway Park Thursday.
A woman shopped for Red Sox gear the day after the team won the World Series.
A man browsed T-shirts bearing the names of Red Sox players after the team won Game 6.
Fans took pictures of the Fenway Park scoreboard following the Red Sox victory.
A man wore a Red Sox World Series hat as he boarded a plane in Boston.
White House Press Secretary Jay Carney donned a Red Sox cap Thursday.
Boston University police officers cheered as the Red Sox scored in the fourth inning.
Team chairman Tom Werner, principal owner John Henry, and general manager Ben Cherington are seen with the trophy.
Fans celebrated outside Gate B at Fenway Park.


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GENEVA – Geneva High School administrators this week said they have been rethinking how to meet educational and emotional needs of their students. They were granted permission to create a professional learning community at the school.
In a presentation to the Geneva School District 304 board, high school Principal Thomas Rogers and Associate Principal Douglas Drexler said a professional learning community would bring teachers together every week at a designated time to collaborate and assess how their students were learning and how they could improve.
Officials have been studying this initiative for nearly 18 months and would be ready to implement it as soon as spring.
Officials studied 33 suburban Illinois high schools that have some form of a professional learning community. Research showed improvements in student test scores, fewer students failed courses and more students taking the Advanced Placement exams with higher scores among other benefits, officials said.
"We believe success for all students can be enhanced with this concept," Rogers said. "We have been focusing on what it can do for teachers, how their teaching could be enhanced, which ultimately will equate to success for all students."
Logistics are simple, Rogers said: Instead of the shortened first and second periods and a 15-minute homeroom on Thursdays, teachers would use that first 50-minute period from 7:35 to 8:25 a.m. every Thursday to collaborate and students would have personal learning choices.
The learning choices – suggested by students themselves – included a tutoring center, library or computer lab time, test preparation for AP exams and making up missed tests or quizzes in a testing center.
"One of my pet peeves is, if a student is out sick and misses a test or quiz, when they come back to school, they have to miss another period of that same class to take that test – most of the time in the hallways," Rogers said.
"If we could create a test make-up center, they could go there during that 50-minute period of time, make up that test and not fall further behind in that class that they've already missed," Rogers said. "The list goes on and on in ways we believe will benefit students."
Educators also could use the increased time to address social-emotional issues with students, Drexler said. The list includes study habits, time management, goal-setting, transitioning to high school and college, bullying, Internet safety, suicide awareness and substance abuse.
"One of the main purposes of our existing homeroom program is to address social-emotional topics," Drexler said. "These are all things we have tried – in some way, shape or form – to address with students. These are all heavy-hitting topics currently we are trying to address in a 15-minute homeroom."
Borrowing a format from a famous advertisement, Rogers said, "Bottom line additional cost: None. Additional staff: None. Lost instructional time: None. Doing what is right for all of our students: Priceless."


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Happy Friday Everyone!!! I'm happy to announce the 2 winners from recent blogs...
First, Congrats RAVEN! You win the candy from the Clear & Simple Blog!
Here's what Raven had to say:
"I simply love all of them my fav. would have to be the Clear & Simple Stamps MP3 DARLING Music Girl Note. I love the 50's and the whole gets me excited to create something with it.
Please send me your email, and I'll send it right out to you!
Lastly, Congrats JULYE! You win the Pre-order Magnolia stamp of your choice!
Here's what Julye had to say:
"Oh these are all so cute if I only had the pennies, which would ask to come live with me first...what a hard decision I think it would have to be romantic Tilda as she looks so shy and coy that she wouldn't dare to ask but would so love to give them all a home especially the pirates and pricesses and Edwins , all the boy cards I could make fabby. Thanks for sharing and so love the inspiration card it is beautiful thanks Julye"
Please send me your email, and I'll send it out to you as soon as they arrive in our warehouse!
My email is: email@example.com.
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Police Department
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The City of Des Moines is a great place to locate or expand your businesses. The Des Moines Office of Economic Development office is dedicated to helping you meet your existing and future development needs.
More Info
The Engineering Department's efforts include the design, construction and project management of the City's Capital Improvements Program (CIP) and other major construction projects.
The Patrol Section is an intricate part of the department. This section provides around-the-clock services to the community. Officers assigned to patrol work hard to keep the lines of communication open between the Department and the community. Each officer is assigned to a routine beat so they can learn the businesses, the neighborhood and the people that make up that neighborhood.
Shift Information:
1st Watch - 9:00 PM to 7:00 AM
2nd Watch - 6:00 AM to 4:00 PM
3rd Watch - 1:00 PM to 11:00 PM
The Des Moines Police Department Canine Unit hit the streets of the City in December of 2000 with three canine teams. They have now expanded to five teams. All of the canines are certified as Police Dog One and Detector Dogs through the United States Police Canine Association.
The canines are used for a variety of purposes including: tracking missing persons and suspects, searching for evidence and drugs, and helping to apprehend criminals. The canines are an important asset to the Des Moines Police Department in its fight against crime.
The Mounted Patrol Unit is a group of police officers, under the coordination of the Community Outreach Supervisor, who provide a contingency of officers on horseback. The mounted patrol serves largely as a community relation function during parades and other events, however, they may provide an additional element for crowd and traffic control during community functions.
Those involved are required to provide a suitable horse, and assume the responsibility for care, boarding and transportation to and from events. Participation is strictly voluntary, and considered an additional duty assignment.
If you are interested in applying, please contact the Des Moines Police Department.
The Traffic Unit is a line of support that provides technical expertise to the department in the areas of accident investigation, drunk and/or impaired driving detection and arrest and the operation of speed detection Doppler and Laser Radar. This unit is responsible for the investigation of all serious and fatal motor vehicle accidents that occur within the city limits. The Unit investigates citizen complaints of speeding vehicles, illegal parking and other traffic related issues. The Unit facilitates the planning and coordination of security, police escorts and/or crowd control for over 80 special events each year.
More information about our Traffic Units
DMPD Traffic Complaint Hot-Line
Speed and Traffic Enforcement
Accident Investigation
Hit and Run Investigations
OWI / Drug Recognition Testing
Crossing Guards
Special Events and Parades
The Parking Enforcement Unit consists of a sergeant, one officer, one cadet and civilian parking enforcement personnel. This squad is responsible for the following:
• All parking meter enforcement
• Parking Regulation/Zone enforcement
• Enforcement of all City Parking Permits (approximately 850 issued each year)
• Assist with Traffic Control, as needed, for special events
• Target habitual parking violators
• Interact with neighborhood associations to target abandoned vehicles within their neighborhood and any other chronic parking problem
The squad is a valuable asset in relieving patrol officers from responding to parking enforcement calls. The Patrol Support Unit is supervised by a Sergeant.
If you have received a parking ticket you may pay your fine online.
If you believe the parking ticket received by you is unwarranted you may appeal fill out a Parking Ticket Appeal Form.
The Patrol Support Unit provides support for the three watches that make up the Patrol Bureau under the Operations Division. The support staff addresses all work related issues regarding efficiency and equipment for the Patrol Bureau. This unit also coordinates public activities, annual shift bidding, training, fleet management, and equipment maintenance and testing for the Patrol Bureau. Patrol Support Unit is under the Assistant Chief of the Operations Division and commanded by a Captain. Patrol Support Unit is supervised by a Sergeant and includes two Senior Police Officers, a cadet, and two civilian employees.
They also assist with the research and testing of new equipment and are responsible for management of vehicles used by officers in the Patrol Division.
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Marine Inboard 5.7 MPI - 300 hp
The 5.7 MPI Inboard produces 300 hp and excellent low-end torque from its time-tested V-8, making it a great choice for a variety of cruisers and houseboats. Fitted with our Multiport Injection (MPI) and advanced engine control systems, the 5.7 MPI a solid and reliable performer. Like all MerCruiser inboards, the 5.7 MPI is available with a large variety of popular transmissions to fit virtually any application. Available DTS (Digital Throttle & Shift) is mated to a direct-acting electric shift transmission. DTS eliminates cable maintenance and provides consistent and precise throttle and shift control and never requires any adjustment. DTS can automatically synchronize multiple engines, provides shift protection and includes SmartStart digital starting. It also features Transmission Guardian to automatically protect against damage from overheating or low fluid levels.
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The National Human Genome Research Institute's (NHGRI) policy for release and deposition of DNA sequence data was devised to make sequence data available to the research community as soon as possible for free, unfettered use. To achieve this objective, NHGRI adopted as policy a practice that the sequencing community imposed on itself, that data were to be deposited in a public database within 24 hours of generating a sequence assembly of 2 kb or larger. Data release according to this practice is far more rapid than the standard scientific practice of releasing data only upon publication.
In general, this practice has been enormously successful and has achieved its objective - the number of individual research projects that have used genomic sequence data generated by the public sequencing effort is already very large, even though a paper describing the entire genomic sequence has yet to be published. However, the policy now needs to be updated for two reasons - as originally stated, it does not address certain issues, and sequencing practices have advanced beyond the specific scope it addressed. Therefore, the NHGRI statement of policy for release and deposition of sequence data is being updated.
In summary, to achieve a balance between the interests of the scientific community and those of the sequence producers, NHGRI adopts the following policy:
Sequence trace data, and all ancillary information specified in a standard format provided by the database, should be released weekly into the NCBI Trace Repository. The information deposited will consist of the sequence trace and ancillary data. The submissions to the Trace Repository will carry the following notice:
"As a public service to the biological research community, these data are being made available by the sequence producers before assembly and before scientific publication. Once deposited, but prior to the publication of the complete sequence of the relevant genome, the data are available to all as follows:
Current NHGRI Policy for Release and Database Deposition of Sequence Data
March 7, 1997
At the Second International Strategy Meeting on Human Genome Sequencing (Bermuda, 1997), attendees affirmed the principle that was set out at the First (1996) International Strategy meeting, that primary genomic sequence should be rapidly released. Specifically, the report of the first meeting stated that "sequence assemblies should be released as soon as possible; in some centres, assemblies of greater than 1 kb would be released automatically on a daily basis." The discussions at the 1997 meeting confirmed NHGRI's conclusions that it is extremely important for its large-scale sequencing program to be functioning in a manner consistent with this principle, that such rapid release is technically feasible, and that such unfinished DNA sequence data have already been found to be useful by the larger scientific community. NHGRI has determined, therefore, that its grantees engaged in large-scale genomic DNA sequencing should now be automatically releasing sequence assemblies of 2 kb or larger within 24 hours of their generation. (the trigger for data release is 2 kb, instead of 1 kb, in order to ensure that the released sequence be comprised of at least two sequence reads. Investigators who wish to release smaller assemblies may do so.) Any laboratory funded by NHGRI for large-scale human genomic sequencing must develop and submit to NHGRI a plan to implement such a data release program, which must be implemented within one month of its being approved by NHGRI. No non-competing or competing renewal will be funded until an acceptable plan has been approved. Mandatory data release as described above will be made a condition of the award for any grant funded by NHGRI for large-scale human sequencing.
Last Reviewed: February 24, 2012


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Friday, November 3 2017
Zipline and Horseback Adventure
Camping 2 Nights at Margarita Adventures Ranch in San Luis Obispo. On Friday night, well drive up to the campground and set up camp (*or travel up early Saturday morning). On Saturday morning, half the group will be zip-lining over a wine vineyard, with zip-lines spanning up to 2800 long and 175 high!!! The remaining scouts have the choice of a Survival Nature Hike or going on a Horseback Riding trip! After lunch, well switch the activities for each group in the afternoon!
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Brandon T. Jackson is new Beverly Hills Cop
Funnyman/actor BRANDON T. JACKSON has won the lead role in the upcoming TV remake of EDDIE MURPHY's BEVERLY HILLS COP film series.
The 1984 comedy which spawned two sequels, is heading to the small screen with Murphy reprising his role as police officer Axel Foley in an advisory role to his son, who is the new title character.
Jackson, who began his career as a stand-up comedian, takes the lead role as Murphy's onscreen son, according to Deadline.com.
He has previously been in hit movies Tropic Thunder and Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief.


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"My Scottish Borders"
G is for:
A GREEN and Pleasant Land
Much of the Scottish Borders landscape is one of small towns and villages amidst rolling hills - the Cheviots, Moorfoots, Lammermuirs - and valleys such as Tweeddale, Liddesdale, Teviotdale, Lauderdale, Ettrick and Yarrow - all names that roll off the tongue. Scenery that creates a GREEN and pleasant land.
|Looking across to the triple Eildon Hills - the iconic image of the Borders
Looking across to the Ettrick Valley
|Foothills of the Chgviots, nar Towford
|A hill road out of Hawick, the biggest town in the Borders.
|Looking towards the White Hill in Earlston, Berwickshire
|Cowdenknowes Wood, near Earlton, Berwickshire
Some more fascinating facts on the Scottish Borders
- The name of Galashiels, is derived from "shiels" or "shieling" meaning settlement - by the Gala Water. As the second biggest town in the Borders, it owed its growth, like Hawick to the development of the textile industry. At
the London Great Exhibition of 1851, Galashiels firms were the largest
exhibitors in the textile section'.
The Galashiels Manufacturer's Corporation was founded in 1776 by ten mill owners, to assist the further development of the woollen trade in the town. Its distinctive badge features a sheep and the motto "We Dye to Live" and "Live to Die".
Follow the next stage of this A-Z journey through the Scottish Borders
H is for:
Hermitage Castle and Hawick
The Scottish Borders
The old counties of Berwickshire, Peeblesshire, Roxburghshire & Selkirkshire
Do take a look at earlier posts in "My Scottish Borders
A-Z Challenge Preview
A-Z Challenge A - Abbeys,Abbotsford and Armstrongs
A-Z Challenge B - Border Reivers, Border Ballads and Blackmail
A-Z Challenge A - Abbeys,Abbotsford and Armstrongs
A-Z Challenge B - Border Reivers, Border Ballads and Blackmail
A-Z Challenge C - Common Ridings and Carter Bar
A-Z Challenge D - Dryburgh Abbey, Duns Scotus and The Douglas Tragedy
A-Z Challenge E - Elliots, Earlston, Enigma Hero and Eyemouth Tart
A-Z Challenge F - Flodden, Fletcher and Flowers of the Forest
A-Z Challenge F - Flodden, Fletcher and Flowers of the Forest


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The flexible and scalable PRIMEFLEX vShape solution combines all aspects of a virtual environment, based on reliable technologies and best practice solutions, with simple implementation and operation.
Fast track to your VMware Software-Defined Data Center
Getting your IT ready for the digital business era
PRIMEFLEX for Cloud delivers superior quality cloud infrastructure with short lead-time and dramatically reduces operational burdens throughout the life-cycle of ICT environments.
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