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Bible Colleges and Institutes
- 1 Introduction
- 2 North America
- 3 Mennonite Bible Colleges and Institutes in Canada, 1998
- 4 Canadian Bible Schools and Institutes 1900-1940
- 5 Asia and Africa
- 6 Latin America
- 7 Europe
- 8 Bibliography
- 9 Additional Information
- 10 Cite This Article
Bible Colleges and Institutes are training schools for Christian workers. Bible institutes usually operate on a lower academic level than do Bible colleges, have programs of shorter duration, and usually do not offer degrees nor have professional accreditation.
North America
The American Association of Bible Colleges, founded in 1947, defines Bible college training as education at the college level whose distinctive function is to prepare students for Christian ministries or church vocations through a program of biblical, general, and professional studies. Bible colleges also provide training for lay or avocational ministries and prepare students for more advanced studies at seminary.
The oldest Bible institute in Europe is St. Chrischona, near Basel, Switzerland, founded in 1840 by C. F. Spitteler. Bible institutes and colleges did not develop in Europe with the same rapidity nor did they have as great an impact as they did in North America.
The English antecedent to the first North American Bible training school was the East London Institute for Home and Foreign Missions founded in 1872 by Grattan Guiness. The purpose of the institute was to prepare missionaries, and, in its first 16 years, 500 young men completed their training to become workers at home and abroad. Guiness' school became a model for A. B. Simpson in establishing what became Nyack Missionary College, the first Bible college in North America (1882). From the first North American school with a score of students, the movement has grown to over 500 institutes and colleges in the United States and Canada.
Moody Bible Institute, which was to become the leading school in the Bible institute and Bible college movement, was founded in Chicago in 1886 by evangelist Dwight L. Moody, to prepare "gap-men" to stand between the laity and the ministers; men who are trained to do city mission work." In 1889 Baptist pastor and missionary statesman A. J. Gordon established the Boston Missionary Training School, whose aim was not only to furnish men and women with a thoroughly biblical training, but also to engage them in practical religious work in the neglected parts of the city. Toronto Bible College (later Ontario Bible College and Theological Seminary; later still Tyndale College and Seminary) was the first Bible college in Canada (1894). The aim of the school was to train men and women for Christian ministries at home and abroad.
The North American Bible institute and Bible college movement grew rapidly in the 20th century, and the schools became powerful expressions of the conservative Protestant movement commonly known as Fundamentalism. By 1930 the Fundamentalist weekly Sunday School Times endorsed more than 50 Bible schools, most of which were in major cities. In addition to Moody Bible Institute, Northwestern Bible and Missionary Training School (founded by William B. Riley) and the Bible Institute of Los Angeles (Biola, founded by R. A. Torrey) were very influential. In Canada, Prairie Bible Institute in Three Hills, Alberta, Briercrest Bible Institute in Caronport, Saskatchewan, and Prophetic Bible Institute in Calgary, Alberta, emerged in the 1920s and 1930s as leading schools. Large numbers of Mennonite and Brethren in Christ students attended these schools.
Among Mennonites in North America, the Mennonite Brethren in Christ (later Missionary Church) attempted to establish a Bible institute in Elkhart, Indiana in 1903, but this effort failed after a short time. In 1905 the Missionary Church Association established Fort Wayne Bible Institute (later Fort Wayne Bible College until 1989; Summit Christian College, 1989-1992, then part of Taylor University).
Grace College of the Bible was established in 1943 with six Mennonite conferences represented on the first board of directors. Located in Omaha, Nebraska, the school became an independent Bible college with board members representing several denominations.
Pacific Bible Institute was established by Mennonite Brethren in Fresno, California in 1944 to prepare students for Christian service at home and abroad. In the early 1960s the institute became a junior college and, by 1965, a fully accredited four-year liberal arts college (Fresno Pacific College, later Fresno Pacific University), rather than a Bible college.
Conservative Mennonite Bible School began in 1952 near Berlin, Ohio. It was relocated to Irwin, Ohio in 1964 and renamed Rosedale Bible Institute. It is owned and operated by the Conservative Mennonite Conference.
The Bible institute movement among Mennonites in Canada saw a proliferation of schools in its early history. In the first four decades of the 20th century more than 40 Bible institutes were established. Many were local Bible schools started by individual congregations. These schools were then merged into larger institutes. In 1998 there were 7 Mennonite Bible institutes or colleges in Canada and one in the United States.
Mennonite Bible Colleges and Institutes in Canada, 1998
|Aylmer Bible School
|Aylmer, Ont.
|Bethany College
|Hepburn, Sask.
|Canadian Mennonite Bible College (now part of Canadian Mennonite University)
|Winnipeg, Man.
|Columbia Bible College
|Abbotsford, B.C.
|Concord College (formerly MBBC, now part of Canadian Mennonite University)
|Winnipeg, Man.
|Institut Biblique Laval (now École de Théologie Évangélique de Montréal)
|St-Laurent, Que.
|Steinbach Bible College
|Steinbach, Man.
|FT - Full-time students
|PT - Part-time students
- Operated by Evangelical Mennonite Conference of Canada, Chortitzer Mennonite Conference of Canada, Evangelical Mennonite Mission Conference of Manitoba, Christian Fellowship Church of Steinbach (formerly Bergthal) and Steinbach Evangelical Mennonite Brethren Church (now member of Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches).
The first Mennonite-related Canadian institution established as a Bible college, rather than Bible institute, was Emmanuel Bible College in Kitchener, Ontario. The school was operated by the Ontario Conference of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ (Missionary Church) and was founded in 1940. Emmanuel is accredited with the American Association of Bible Colleges.
Canadian Bible Schools and Institutes 1900-1940
|Berlin, Ont.
|Ontario Mennonite Bible School
|Herbert, Sask.
|Herbert Bible School
|Markham, Ont.
|Winter Bible School
|Didsbury, Alta.
|Mountain View Bible School
|Winkler, Man.
|Peniel Bible School
|Hepburn, Sask.
|Bethany Bible School
|Dalmeny, Sask.
|Tabor Bible School
|Gretna, Man.
|Elim Bible School
|Coaldale, Alta.
|Coaldale Bible School
|Winnipeg, Man.
|Winnipeg Bible School
|Yarrow, B.C.
|Elim Bible School
|Glenbush, Sask.
|Glenbush Bible School
|Rosthern, Sask.
|Rosthern Bible School
|Rosemary, Alta.
|Rosemary Bible School
|Tavistock, Ont.
|Winter Bible School
|Steinbach, Man.
|Steinbach Bible School
|LaGlace, Alta.
|La Glace Bible School
|Gem, Alta.
|Bethesda Bible School
|New Hamburg, Ont.
|Winter Bible School
|Aberdeen, Sask.
|Aberdeen Bible School
|Winnipeg, Man.
|Mennonite Bible School
|Wembley, Alta.
|Wembley Bible School
|Springridge, Alta.
|Springridge Bible School
|Coaldale, Alta.
|Mennonite Bible School
|Abbotsford, B.C.
|South Abbotsford Bible School
|Crowfoot, Alta.
|Crowfoot Bible School
|Leamington, Ont.
|Leamington Bible School
|Vineland, Ont
|Vineland Bible School
|Swift Current, Sask.
|Swift Current Bible School
|Didsbury, Alta.
|Menno Bible Institute
|Vauxhall, Alta.
|Vauxhall Bible School
|St. Elizabeth, Man.
|St. Elizabeth Bible School
|Virgil, Ont.
|MB Bible Institute
|Sardis, B.C.
|Greendale Bible Institute
|Vineland, Ont.
|Vineland Bible School
|Coughlan, B.C.
|Bethel Bible Institute
|Countess, Alta.
|Countess Bible School
|Drake, Sask.
|Drake Bible School
|Sardis, B.C.
|Mennonite Bible School
|Yarrow, B.C.
|Mennonite Bible School
|Kitchener, Ont.
|Emmanuel Bible College
The next two Mennonite Bible colleges in Canada were both begun in Winnipeg. The Canadian Mennonite Brethren Conference established Mennonite Brethren Bible College (MBBC) in 1944 (renamed Concord College in 1992), and the Conference of Mennonites in Canada established Canadian Mennonite Bible College (CMBC) in 1947. Concord, CMBC and Menno Simons College (formerly the Mennonite Studies Centre of the University of Winnipeg) formed Canadian Mennonite University in 1999.
More recently, two Mennonite institutions which achieved Bible college status are Steinbach Bible College, Steinbach, Manitoba (Steinbach Bible Institute until 1979), and Columbia Bible College, Clearbrook, BC (Columbia Bible Institute until 1985). Both schools are inter-Mennonite and are affiliated with the American Association of Bible Colleges for purposes of accreditation.
Steinbach Bible College is operated by five Mennonite groups: "the Evangelical Mennonite Conference of Canada, the Chortitzer Mennonite Conference of Canada, the Evangelical Mennonite Mission Conference of Manitoba, the Christian Fellowship Church of Steinbach (formerly Bergthal Church), and the Steinbach Evangelical Mennonite Brethren Church (Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches).
Columbia Bible College is owned and operated by the British Columbia Mennonite Brethren Conference and by the Conference of Mennonites in British Columbia, which is part of the General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM). Columbia is a 1970 merger of the Bethel Bible Institute of Abbotsford (GCM) and the Mennonite Brethren Bible Institute of Clearbrook.
As noted earlier, most North American Bible colleges and institutes have, to varying degrees, been expressions of Fundamentalism. Down through the years many Mennonite and Brethren in Christ students have attended schools such as Moody Bible Institute, the Bible Institute of Los Angeles, Prairie Bible Institute, and Briercrest Bible Institute (College). This has left a marked influence of Fundamentalism on Mennonite and Brethren in Christ circles. Non-Mennonite Bible colleges and institutes have not generally adhered to Anabaptist theological emphases such as discipleship, the church, and the ethic of love and nonresistance.
The increasing drift of Mennonite and Brethren in Christ students to a wide variety of non-Mennonite Bible colleges and institutes stimulated Mennonites to develop comparable schools which would uphold an Anabaptist understanding of the Scriptures, Christian discipleship, and the church. Mennonite Bible colleges and institutes have now trained thousands of workers for leadership roles in church ministries around the world.
Asia and Africa
Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Bible training programs outside of Europe and North America are difficult to categorize as being either Bible institutes, Bible colleges, or Bible schools. Methodology in training leaders in these countries is fluid and experimental. There is a marked trend away from residential institutions to training while in service (theological education by extension [TEE]). Mennonites, Mennonite Brethren, and Brethren in Christ in Japan have participated in a variety of Bible institutes, including the extension courses of the Eastern Hokkaido Bible School (Nihon Menonaito Kirisuto Kyokai Kyogikai [[[Hokkaido (Japan) |Hokkaido]]]), founded in 1965, and the Evangelical Biblical Seminary in Osaka (Nihon Menonaito Burezaren Kyodan), founded in 1957. Mennonites in Indonesia participate in several schools and seminaries, some of which are related to Christian universities. Mennonite Brethren in India have had a Bible institute at Shamshabad; Bihar Mennonite Mandli operated a Bible school at Chandwa for a time. In Africa programs range from theological education by extension to seminaries. Mennonite- and Brethren in Christ-related residential Bible schools have existed in Ethiopia (Dresser Bible School), Zaire, Tanzania, Zambia (Choma Bible Institute, BIC), and Zimbabwe (Ekuphileni Bible Institute [formerly Wanezi Bible School] at Mtshabezi, BIC). See articles on these countries for additional information.
Latin America
Mennonites migrating to Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay in the first half of the 20th century brought with them a concern for proper training of preachers, missionaries, and other church workers. During the first decades of settlement, the struggle for survival did not allow for the establishment of full-fledged Bible institutes, but evening, weekend, or even weeklong Bible courses were conducted throughout the churches.
The Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities (MC), working in Argentina, took the initiative in 1926 by establishing the Bragado Bible Institute. In 1955 it was transferred to Montevideo, Uruguay, and renamed Mennonite Biblical Seminary of Montevideo. A considerable number of students from the German- and Spanish-speaking churches of the above-mentioned countries attended this school until its closing in 1975. In 1987 a Centro de Estudios y Retiros (Study and Retreat Center), located in the building used by the la Floresta congregation, was inaugurated. It offers a three-year certificate program through a series of evening classes.
The Konferenz der Mennoniten Brüdergemeinden (Mennonite Brethren Conference) in Paraguay started the Institito Biblico Asunción (Asunción Bible Institute) in 1964-65, with the aim of training workers for church and mission. Its emphasis and impact on mission work in Paraguay has been marked. Its enrollment in 1987 averaged about 45-50 students, and it offered several programs of study.
In Brazil, the German- and Portugese-speaking Mennonite Brethren conferences together have operated the Instituto e Seminário Biblico dos Irmçãos Menonitas (Mennonite Brethren Bible Institute and Seminary) since 1972, with an enrollment of about 100 students (1986). Regular extension courses in the local churches are also coordinated by this school, located at Curitiba.
In 1977 the library resources of the former Mennonite Biblical Seminary of Montevideo were transferred to Asunción, Paraguay. Under the auspices of the Conference of Mennonites in South America, a school by the name of Centro Evangélico Menonita de Teología, Asunción (CEMTA; Evangelical Mennonite Theological Center) was established. Initially it offered a three-year program in both theology and church music. Both programs of study were lengthened to four years in 1980. With an enrollment of ca. 65 students in 1987, CEMTA serves German-and Spanish-speaking Mennonite churches of Uruguay, Brazil, and Paraguay. See also Asociación de Iglesias Hermanos Menonitas, Colombia; Concilio de las Iglesias Evangélicas Menonitas, Venezuela; Iglesia Evangélica Menonita, Honduras; Convención Evangélica Menonita de Costa Rica; and Central America (Seminario Ministerial de Liderazgo Anabautista [SEMILLA], a TEE program. GNie
The conviction that it is important to uphold an Anabaptist understanding of the Scriptures, Christian discipleship, and the church led European Mennonites in 1950 to found the European Mennonite Bible School. Due to significant participation of North American Mennonites, the first courses took place in Basel until 1957 and after that at Bienenberg near Liestal, Switzerland. The bilingual school (German and French) is supported by the Mennonite conferences of Germany, France, and Switzerland; the Mennonite Brethren church in Europe (Bund Europäischen Mennonitischen Brüdergemeinden); Mennonite Central Committee; the Mennonite Board of Missions (MC); and Eastern Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities (MC). The course offerings include a two-year general course and various shorter courses on diverse subjects. The annual enrollment for the general course is approximately 70 students, coming from Europe and overseas. Half of them are from Mennonite background. Their average age is 25 and they are presently (1988) taught by four full-time and several part-time instructors.
European Mennonite Brethren cosponsor a nondenominational Bible school at Ampflwang in Austria (1984). In addition, the Haarlem Mennonite Church in The Netherlands has initiated a Bible school in 1988 in their own city. Finally, it should be mentioned that due to geographical, professional, and theological considerations, a number of European and South American Mennonites relate to non-Mennonite schools and seminaries as well, e.g., Bibelschule Brake and Bibelschule Bergstraße in Germany; the Freie Evangelische Theologische Akademie (Basel) and Bibelschule Sankt Chrischona in Switzerland; the Institute Biblique at Nogent-sur-Marne in France; and the school at Heverlee in Belgium.
See 1953 Articles on Bible Institutes and Bible Schools in Additional Information
Bender, Philip. "Reflections on Closing Elim Bible School." Mennonite Mirror (April 1988): 9-10, on the distinction between Bible colleges and Bible schools.
Bender, Philip. "What's Unique About the Mennonite Bible Institute?" Mennonite Reporter (18 October 1982): 15.
Epp, Frank H. Mennonites in Canada, 1920-1940: A People's Struggle for Survival. Toronto: Macmillan, 1974: chapter 10.
The Mennonite (13 August 1985): 381-83.
Toews, John A. History of the Mennonite Brethren Church, ed. A.J. Klassen. Fresno, Calif.: Mennonite Brethren Board of Literature and Publication, 1975: chapter 16.
Toews, J. B. "The Influence of Fundamentalism on Mennonite Brethren Theology." Direction 10 (July 1981): 20-29.
Wenger, J. C. The Mennonite Church in America. Scottdale : Herald Press, 1966: 210-12.
Witmer, S. A. The Bible College Story. Manhasset, N.Y.: Channel Press, 1962.
Wittlinger, Carlton O. Quest for Piety and Obedience: the Story of the Brethren in Christ. Nappanee, IN: Evangel Press, 1978: 284-317, 459-60.
Additional Information
These articles are included to preserve the historiographly significant article from the print encyclopedia. No attempt has been made to update the article.
Bible Institute (1953)
by Harold Bender, Mennonite Encyclopedia, I, 330-332
Bible Institute, a training school for Christian workers, usually on a lower academic level than that of the college and standard theological seminary, which has sprung up in the United States and Canada in large numbers in the last 50 years as a characteristic and powerful expression of the conservative Protestant movement commonly known as "Fundamentalism." The first such school, the Moody Bible Institute, founded at Chicago in 1886 by D. L. Moody, with the stated purpose "to raise up men and women who will be willing to lay their lives along side the laboring class and the poor, and to bring their gospel to bear upon their lives," was followed by the Bible Institute of Los Angeles founded by R. A. Torrey, former dean at Moody; the Philadelphia School of the Bible founded in 1914 by C. I. Scofield; the Northwestern Bible and Missionary Training School at Minneapolis founded in 1902 by Wm. B. Riley, long-time Fundamentalist leader, and others. Recently academic standards have been raised so that many Bible Institutes now require high-school graduation for entrance and are offering work of college grade. The name is now sometimes being changed to Bible college and advanced work of near seminary character is being added.
In these schools until recently scholastic requirements for matriculation, promotion, and graduation have either not been exacted or else have not been high; any mature person could attend. Thus large numbers of people unable to meet the requirements of college and seminary were able to get one to three years of Bible training. Thousands of students have graduated from these schools to enter the foreign and home mission fields as well as the pastorate in many denominations and in independent churches.
The institutes have also greatly extended their influence through correspondence courses (especially the Moody school), Bible conferences sponsored at widely scattered points throughout the country, and periodical organs such as the Moody Monthly, King's Business (Los Angeles), etc. The so-called "Scofield" correspondence course at Moody, and the James M. Gray "Bible Synthesis" course have been taken by thousands, including many Mennonites.
Mennonites early began to attend these schools. When the first Mennonites reached Moody's s is not known, but the first (old) Mennonite enrolled in 1893. Large numbers have attended the institutes in Chicago, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, and more recently the Prairie Bible Institute at Three Hills, Alta. The Toronto (Ont.) Bible College has been attended by numerous (old) Mennonites from Ontario. In earlier days a few from this group went to Moody and Los Angeles, but otherwise few (old) Mennonites have attended the Bible institutes, most such students especially in recent decades coming from the General Conference Mennonites, Mennonite Brethren, Evangelical Mennonite Brethren, and other smaller groups of Russian Mennonite background, as well as Mennonite Brethren in Christ. Literally hundreds of young Mennonites have passed through these schools in the past 50 years, possibly several thousand. In the year 1948-49, for instance, a survey revealed that over 200 Mennonite students were attending four Bible institutes in the prairie provinces of Canada: 106 at Three Hills, 72 at Briarcrest. Three fourths of these were Mennonite Brethren.
In 1945, alarmed by the alienation of many young Mennonites from their church and its faith, conservative leaders established Grace Bible Institute in Omaha, Nebraska, as an all-Mennonite Bible Institute, which has grown to considerable size and influence, with General Conference leadership and students predominant. Earlier (1905) the Missionary Church Association had established the Fort Wayne Bible Institute, supported and patronized by many M.B.C. (UMC) and Defenseless Mennonites. An early attempt (1903) by the M.B.C. Indiana-Ohio Conference at Elkhart in the former building of the Elkhart (Ind.) Institute failed after a short time. In 1944 the Mennonite Brethren established the Pacific Bible Institute at Fresno, CaL, which grew rapidly in size and influence. Actually the Mennonite Brethren Bible College, established in Winnipeg in 1944, and the Canadian Mennonite Bible College, established by the General Conference Mennonites at the same place in 1947, are also very similar to Bible institutes, although having a somewhat higher academic standard. The latest Mennonite institution of the institute type is the (MC) Ontario Mennonite Bible Institute, the enlarged and renamed form of the Ontario Mennonite School, which operates a Bible school (3 months) and a Bible institute (5 months) together, whereas the O.M.B.S. had only a 3-month term. The only European Mennonite school of this type was the Bible school at Tchongrav, Crimea, Russia, conducted by the Mennonite Brethren Conference 1918-24. The Argentine Mennonite Mission has operated a school at Bragado (Pehuajo) since 1926. A school is planned for Montevideo, Uruguay, 1955.
There is no doubt that the Bible institutes have had a marked and in some cases decisive influence in certain Mennonite branches in the U.S.A. and Canada. In some years the total Mennonite attendance at these non-Mennonite institutions must have exceeded 300. Since the Bible institutes commonly are interdenominational, de-emphasizing denominational differences and loyalties, many of their Mennonite graduates have left the church of their fathers to work elsewhere. Also the total absence of teaching on nonresistance and even positive teaching against it, plus at times a surprising amount of militaristic feeling has contributed to a breakdown of nonresistant convictions in some Mennonite circles. Also, since most Bible institutes have a basically Calvinistic theology, teaching "eternal security" and other similar doctrines, these items have been imported into Mennonite churches, in which they were formerly foreign, and have made great inroads into some branches. Premillennialism and Dispensationalism (and even the Postponement Theory of the Kingdom) have been in many cases introduced and promoted largely through Bible institute influence, having practically captured a few branches altogether and become a strong influence in most.
In Europe schools similar to the American Bible institutes have developed, which have also had considerable influence on the Mennonite Church, particularly in Russia, Germany, Switzerland, and France, chiefly through patronage of young Mennonites preparing for the ministry. The oldest of these is St. Chrischona, near Basel, Switzerland, founded in 1840 by C. F. Spitteler, where Heinrich Rappard (d. 1915) was for long years the director. Almost every year since 1900 one or more young Mennonites from Switzerland, Germany, or France have been in attendance, some for a short term, some for the full four-year course. Among them were the late Elder Samuel Nussbaumer of Basel, Elder Christian Schnebele and Elder Emanuel Landes of South Germany, Elder Pierre Sommer of France, and more recently the Swiss elders Samuel Gerber (Jeangisboden) and Hans Rüfenacht (Langnau). A Mennonite from Russia, Heinrich Braun, taught here for a short time in the 1920's. In France the Institute Biblique de Nogent-sur-Marne (near Paris), a small school of 30-40 students with a three-year course, founded in 1920 by a Reformed pastor, Ruben Saillens, for a time under Baptist control but now independent and interdenominational, has been attended by a total of over 40 young French Mennonites since 1922 (in 1948-49 seven were enrolled). Of considerably less significance have been the French schools in Switzerland-—Emmaus at Vennes near Lausanne (leaders De Benoit and Rene Pache, founded about 1930) and the school of the Action Biblique in Geneva (founded by the Englishman Alexander), likewise the German language Beatenbeg School of Mrs. Wasserkrug on Lake Thun.
Germany has had fewer training schools of the Bible institute type. Schools of this character which were attended by Mennonites, chiefly from Russia, were: the Allianz-Bibelschule in Berlin (1905-18), founded by the Baptist Karl Mascher, the Englishman Broadbent, and others, and closely related to the Plymouth Brethren, attended by numerous Mennonites from Russia 1907-14, among them A. Braun; the Wiedenest Bibelschule, 1918-, successor to the Berlin school; the Wernigerode school operated by the missionary society Licht im Osten, of which Jakob Kroeker was director; the Missionshaus at Barmen; the Missionshaus at Neukirchen, Moers, attended by many Mennonites from Russia; and the Johanneum (founded in 1886 at Bonn, since 1893 at Barmen). Of a higher academic level were the Basel Predigerschule (1876-1914), attended by E. Händiges among others; the Theologische Schule in Bethel (founded by von Bodelschwingh in 1905 at Bethel near Bielefeld); and the Baptist Predigerseminar at Hamburg-Horn. These schools are more than Bible institutes but less than graduate theological schools of the German university type. German Mennonites preparing for the ministry have usually chosen either the university theological schools or St. Chrischona in Basel in preference.
An honest report of the influence of the Bible institutes must say that the influence has been mixed, sometimes helpful and sometimes harmful. Not having any interest in or responsibility for the historic heritage and particular doctrines and practices of the Mennonites, they have never promoted the Mennonite cause as such, have occasionally been the source of divisive and polemic influence, and have imported some foreign and even dangerous doctrines and emphases. On the other hand, they have often had a good influence in the promotion of spiritual awakening and increased evangelistic and missionary activity. In America they have brought some congregations and even whole branches into the orbit of a "Fundamentalism" which is foreign to the more simple, unpolemic, and untheological character of native Mennonitism. -- Harold S. Bender
Bible School (1953)
by Harold S. Bender, Mennonite Encyclopedia: I, 332-332
Bible School, a name commonly given among Mennonites in America to a more elementary type of school for instruction in the Bible and related subjects, for a shorter or longer term either for the general grounding of young people in Christian faith and experience or for preparation forpractical service as lay workers in the local congregation. Some Bible schools are of more advanced character and are called Bible institute or Bible college, while others are designed for children, even of the lowest age, usually conducted for 2 to 3 weeks in the summer and called summer Bible school or vacation Bible school, while still others are conducted in short terms of 2-6 weeks in the winter season for young people of high-school age and older, and are called winter Bible school. In some cases a 1-4 weeks' school is conducted by a local congregation for all its members who may wish to attend and called simply Bible school. The name alone is no evidence of the exact nature of the school, since it is used to cover a wide range of educational operations, including even at times the Sunday school. The present article will deal under the title "Bible School" with schools of 5-9 months' duration primarily for young people of 15-25 years of age.
Such Bible schools are most common among the Mennonites coming to North America from Russia, particularly those of the second great migration (1922-25) to Canada. A list of such schools with denominational affiliation, address, and date of founding follows:
Mennonite Bible Schools in North America arranged in order of establishment
|Mountain Lake, MN
|Mountain Lake Bible School
|Buhler, KS
|Buhler Vereinsschule
|General Conference
|Whitewater, KS
|Whitewater Bible School
|General Conference
|Inman, KS
|Hoffnungsau Bible School
|General Conference
|Moundridge, KS
|Moundridge Bible School
|General Conference
|Gotebo, OK
|Gotebo Bible School
|General Conference
|Herbert, SK
|Herbert Bible School
|Mennonite Brethren
|North Enid, OK
|North Enid Bible School
|General Conference
|Winkler, MB
|Winkler Bible School
|Mennonite Brethren
|Fairview, OK
|Hoffnungsfeld Bible School
|Mennonite Brethren
|Didsbury, AB
|Mountain View Bible School
|United Missionary
|Reedley, CA
|Immanuel Bible School Reedly Bible School merged 1941
|Hepburn, SK
|Bethany Bible School & Bible College
|Mennonite Brethren
|Frazer, MT
|Lustre Bibel School
|Dalmeny, SK
|Tabor Bible School
|Mennonite Brethren
|Altona, MB
|Elim Bible School
|Winnipeg, MB
|Winnipeg German Bible School
|Mennonite Brethren
|Coaldale, AB
|Morning Star Bible School
|Mennonite Brethren
|Yarrow, BC
|Elim Bible School
|Mennonite Brethren
|Winnipeg, MB
|Mennonitische Religionsschule (Discontinued)
|General Conference
|Rosthern, SK
|Rosthern Bible School
|General Conference
|Gem, AB
|Bethesda Bible School
|Mennonite Brethren
|Wembley, AB
|Hoffnungsfeld Bible School (Disc.)
|General Conference
|La Glace, AB
|La Glace Bible School
|Mennonite Brethren
|Yarrow, BC
|Yarrow Bible School
|Mennonite Brethren
|Swift Current, SK
|Swift Current Mennonite Brethren Bible School
|Mennonite Brethren
|Dallas, OR
|Dallas Bible School (Discontinued)
|Swift Current, SK
|Swift Current Bible School
|General Conference
|Meade, KS
|Meade Bible Academy
|Evangelical Mennonite Brethren
|Steinbach, MB
|Steinbach Bible School
|Dinuba, CA
|Dinuba Bible School
|General Conference
|Didsbury, AB
|Menno Bible Institute
|General Conference
|Munich, SD
|Bethany Bible School
|General Conference
|Abbotsford, BC
|Bethel Bible Institute
|General Conference
|Kitchener, ON
|Emmanuel Bible College
|United Missionary
|Virgil, ON
|Eden Bible School
|Mennonite Brethren
|Henderson, NE
|Henderson Bible School
|General Conference
|Abbotsford, BC
|Mennonite Brethren Bible School
|Mennonite Brethren
|Chilliwack, BC
|East Chilliwack Mennonite Brethren Bible School
|Mennonite Brethren
|Allentown, PA
|Berean Bible School
|United Missionary
The only one of similar character in the Mennonite Church (MC) is the Ontario Mennonite Bible School at Kitchener, founded in 1907 as a "Winter Bible School" of six weeks, lengthened to three months in 1932, and in 1951 lengthened to five months and rechristened a "Bible Institute" although the three-month curriculum is continued along with the five-month course.
Most of these schools combine some secular high-school subjects with Bible subjects, and a few offer a complete high-school course in addition to a Bible school course. (More recently Mennonite high schools have developed, which offer some Bible subjects along with a regular high-school curriculum.) These schools vary in size from 15 to 175 pupils or students, have a teaching staff of 1-5 teachers, and are supported by donations by local congregations or interested individuals. Some use local church buildings; others have substantial buildings of their own. Some are owned and controlled by conferences, others by congregations or associations of congregations, and some by special societies or associations organized for that purpose. See the articles on each of these schools for detailed information.
The early founding and the rapid growth of these schools among the newer (1922-25) immigrants from Russia in Canada reflects (1) the strong sense of responsibility of these groups for the education of their youth as practiced in Russia, (2) their determination to resist the secularizing influence of the surrounding culture, (3) desire to maintain the German language as long as possible, (4) a desire to retain Mennonitism over against disintegrating influences from the outside, and (5) the evangelistic and experimental emphasis, in part influenced by "Fundamentalistic currents." The latter influence is due in part to the fact that many Bible school teachers have secured their Bible training in fundamentalistic Bible schools since arriving in Canada (they usually could not meet the entrance requirements for regular college or seminary work) and that the textbooks and literature of these fundamentalistic sources were and are widely used by them. It is noteworthy that in the United States few such schools have been established by the much larger Mennonite population, where the influence of the non-Mennonite Bible institutes has been much stronger.
Undoubtedly the Bible schools have had a strong and generally very beneficial influence upon the Mennonites of North America.
In Europe Mennonite Bible schools are almost unknown. Elder Pierre Sommer conducted a small (6-10 pupils) four weeks' school in 1929-1934 at Grand-Charmont and Montbeliard, France. In 1950 the International Mennonite Bible School was established at Basel, Switzerland, under a board of control consisting of representatives of the Mennonite churches of France, Switzerland, and Germany, and the Mennonite Central Committee, with a four-week term, an enrollment of 28 students from five countries, instruction in both German and French, and teachers from five countries. In 1953 the term was made 8 weeks, with Cornelius Wall as principal.
In Russia the Mennonite conference decided in 1887 to establish a theological school for the preparation of preachers, but all attempts throughout the remainder of Mennonite history in Russia to carry out this decision failed. However, other attempts were made. Cornelius Unruh conducted a Bible school in Friedensfeld (Zagradovka colony) from 1907 to his death in 1910. After World War I three "Bible schools" were attempted. One, the Mayak Bible School at Davlekanovo, Ufa (1923-26), was actually in full operation and graduated one class from a three-year course. Similar schools were started in Tchongrav (q.v.) and Orenburg about the same time. The school at Orenburg functioned from 1923 to 1926. An attempt to start such a school in Orloff in the Molotschna Colony about this time was frustrated by refusal of government permission and a later attempt to start the same school privately in Simferopol, Crimea, also failed.
In the Fernheim Mennonite Colony in Paraguay, established in 1930 by refugee settlers from Russia, a private Bible school was established in 1943 in Filadelfia under the leadership of Nikolai Siemens, attended by students from all groups. This is a six-week winter Bible school, usually held in August.-- Harold S. Bender
Dyck, Peter P. Orenburg am Ural. Clearbrook, BC, 1951: 75 ff.
Friesen, Peter M. Die Alt-Evangelische Mennonitische Brüderschaft in Russland (1789-1910) im Rahmen der mennonitischen Gesamtgeschichte. Halbstadt: Verlagsgesellschaft "Raduga", 1911.
Froese, L. "Das pädagogische Kultursystem der Menn. Siedlungen in Russland." PhD dissertaiton, Göttingen, 1949.
Harder, M. S. "Origin, Philosophy, and Development of Education Among the Mennonites." PhD dissertation, U. of Southern California, 1949.
Unruh, A. Kurze Notizen über Gründung, Bestehen, Bedeutung und Schliessung der mennonitischen Bibelschule zu Tschongraw, Krim, in Russland. Winkler, Man., n.d., ca. 1925.
|Walter Unger
|Gundolf Niebuhr
|Date Published
Cite This Article
MLA style
Unger, Walter and Gundolf Niebuhr. "Bible Colleges and Institutes." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1990. Web. 21 Mar 2019. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Bible_Colleges_and_Institutes&oldid=143351.
APA style
Unger, Walter and Gundolf Niebuhr. (1990). Bible Colleges and Institutes. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 21 March 2019, from http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Bible_Colleges_and_Institutes&oldid=143351.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 5, pp. 73-77. All rights reserved.
©1996-2019 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.


text:
Our Price: £30.00
Caliper Wind Back Tool- Right Hand Threaded
Supplied with 2 adapters
To Fit :
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High quality product that should last for years
** note - not suitable for vehicles with electronic parking brake system installed
VAT (Value Added Tax) is charged at 20% on all purchases shipped within the EEC (with the exception of certain items such as books).
1) Prices displayed on this website are VAT inclusive where the selected currency is an EU currency.
2) All non EU currency prices displayed do NOT include VAT.
3) Orders shipped to addresses outside the EEC will NOT be charged VAT, once shipping address is set and you are logged into your website account, VAT is automatically removed from all prices.
4) Orders being shipped within the EEC will be VAT inclusive where applicable.
5) If you are viewing prices in a non EU currency, prices displayed DO NOT include VAT.
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Only Suitable for Vehicles 1990 onwards

subset: commoncrawl


text:
SX(9) BSD Kernel Developer's Manual SX(9)
sx, sx_init, sx_init_flags, sx_destroy, sx_slock, sx_xlock, sx_slock_sig, sx_xlock_sig, sx_try_slock, sx_try_xlock, sx_sunlock, sx_xunlock, sx_unlock, sx_try_upgrade, sx_downgrade, sx_sleep, sx_xholder, sx_xlocked, sx_assert, SX_SYSINIT — kernel shared/exclusive lock
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/lock.h>
#include <sys/sx.h>
sx_init(struct sx *sx, const char *description);
sx_init_flags(struct sx *sx, const char *description, int opts);
sx_destroy(struct sx *sx);
sx_slock(struct sx *sx);
sx_xlock(struct sx *sx);
sx_slock_sig(struct sx *sx);
sx_xlock_sig(struct sx *sx);
sx_try_slock(struct sx *sx);
sx_try_xlock(struct sx *sx);
sx_sunlock(struct sx *sx);
sx_xunlock(struct sx *sx);
sx_unlock(struct sx *sx);
sx_try_upgrade(struct sx *sx);
sx_downgrade(struct sx *sx);
sx_sleep(void *chan, struct sx *sx, int priority, const char *wmesg, int timo);
struct thread *
sx_xholder(struct sx *sx);
sx_xlocked(struct sx *sx);
options INVARIANTS
options INVARIANT_SUPPORT
sx_assert(struct sx *sx, int what);
#include <sys/kernel.h>
SX_SYSINIT(name, struct sx *sx, const char *description);
Shared/exclusive locks are used to protect data that are read far more often than they are written. Shared/exclusive locks do not implement priority propagation like mutexes and reader/writer locks to prevent priority inversions, so shared/exclusive locks should be used prudently.
Shared/exclusive locks are created with either sx_init() or sx_init_flags() where sx is a pointer to space for a struct sx, and description is a pointer to a null-terminated character string that describes the shared/exclusive lock. The opts argument to sx_init_flags() specifies a set of optional flags to alter the behavior of sx. It contains one or more of the following flags:
If the kernel is not compiled with options NO_ADAPTIVE_SX, then lock operations for sx will spin instead of sleeping while an exclusive lock holder is executing on another CPU.
Witness should not log messages about duplicate locks being acquired.
Instruct witness(4) to ignore this lock.
Do not profile this lock.
Allow threads to recursively acquire exclusive locks for sx.
Do not log any operations for this lock via ktr(4).
Shared/exclusive locks are destroyed with sx_destroy(). The lock sx must not be locked by any thread when it is destroyed.
Threads acquire and release a shared lock by calling sx_slock(), sx_slock_sig() or sx_try_slock() and sx_sunlock() or sx_unlock(). Threads acquire and release an exclusive lock by calling sx_xlock(), sx_xlock_sig() or sx_try_xlock() and sx_xunlock() or sx_unlock(). A thread can attempt to upgrade a currently held shared lock to an exclusive lock by calling sx_try_upgrade(). A thread that has an exclusive lock can downgrade it to a shared lock by calling sx_downgrade().
sx_try_slock() and sx_try_xlock() will return 0 if the shared/exclusive lock cannot be acquired immediately; otherwise the shared/exclusive lock will be acquired and a non-zero value will be returned.
sx_try_upgrade() will return 0 if the shared lock cannot be upgraded to an exclusive lock immediately; otherwise the exclusive lock will be acquired and a non-zero value will be returned.
sx_slock_sig() and sx_xlock_sig() do the same as their normal versions but performing an interruptible sleep. They return a non-zero value if the sleep has been interrupted by a signal or an interrupt, otherwise 0.
A thread can atomically release a shared/exclusive lock while waiting for an event by calling sx_sleep(). For more details on the parameters to this function, see sleep(9).
When compiled with options INVARIANTS and options INVARIANT_SUPPORT, the sx_assert() function tests sx for the assertions specified in what, and panics if they are not met. One of the following assertions must be specified:
Assert that the current thread has either a shared or an exclusive lock on the sx lock pointed to by the first argument.
Assert that the current thread has a shared lock on the sx lock pointed to by the first argument.
Assert that the current thread has an exclusive lock on the sx lock pointed to by the first argument.
Assert that the current thread has no lock on the sx lock pointed to by the first argument.
In addition, one of the following optional assertions may be included with either an SA_LOCKED, SA_SLOCKED, or SA_XLOCKED assertion:
Assert that the current thread has a recursed lock on sx.
Assert that the current thread does not have a recursed lock on sx.
sx_xholder() will return a pointer to the thread which currently holds an exclusive lock on sx. If no thread holds an exclusive lock on sx, then NULL is returned instead.
sx_xlocked() will return non-zero if the current thread holds the exclusive lock; otherwise, it will return zero.
For ease of programming, sx_unlock() is provided as a macro frontend to the respective functions, sx_sunlock() and sx_xunlock(). Algorithms that are aware of what state the lock is in should use either of the two specific functions for a minor performance benefit.
The SX_SYSINIT() macro is used to generate a call to the sx_sysinit() routine at system startup in order to initialize a given sx lock. The parameters are the same as sx_init() but with an additional argument, name, that is used in generating unique variable names for the related structures associated with the lock and the sysinit routine.
A thread may not hold both a shared lock and an exclusive lock on the same lock simultaneously; attempting to do so will result in deadlock.
A thread may hold a shared or exclusive lock on an sx lock while sleeping. As a result, an sx lock may not be acquired while holding a mutex. Otherwise, if one thread slept while holding an sx lock while another thread blocked on the same sx lock after acquiring a mutex, then the second thread would effectively end up sleeping while holding a mutex, which is not allowed.
locking(9), lock(9), mutex(9), panic(9), rwlock(9), sema(9)
Currently there is no way to assert that a lock is not held. This is not possible in the non-WITNESS case for asserting that this thread does not hold a shared lock. In the non-WITNESS case, the SA_LOCKED and SA_SLOCKED assertions merely check that some thread holds a shared lock. They do not ensure that the current thread holds a shared lock.
BSD May 28, 2009 BSD


text:
recipe calculator
Discussion and topics about BeerTools.com online calculators and other tools.
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recipe calculator
I'm trying to put a new recipe in and every time I hit calculate after putting the ingredients in, it just goes back to blank entry page, whats up with that??? Also, what does "invalid recipe mode" mean....I think thats what it said, I cant go back and look for fear of losing what I've just typed in...
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#BETNotarized 2014: Top 100 Videos of the Year (Predictions & List)
Wassup y'all! Another year has passed and I want to wish all of you a healthy and prosperous 2015. I'm incredibly grateful for the continued support of all of our readers who consistently come to the blog day in and day out. Read More


text:
Note this USDLA media partner opportunity.
Continuing EducationMediaplanet partners with USDLAContact:Jennifer Mak, Head Publisher
1-914-960-3473 | email@example.com
About United States Distance Learning Association (USDLA)
The United States Distance Learning Association (USDLA) is a non-profit association formed in 1987 and is located in Boston, Massachusetts. The association reaches 20,000 people globally with sponsors and members operating in and influencing 46% of the $913 billion dollar U.S. education and training market. USDLA promotes the development and application of distance learning for education and training and serves the needs of the distance learning community by providing advocacy, information, networking and opportunity. Distance learning and training constituencies served include pre-k-12 education, higher and continuing education, home schooling as well as business, corporate, military, government and telehealth markets. The USDLA trademarked logo is the recognized worldwide symbol of dedicated professionals committed to the distance learning industry. http://www.usdla.org


text:
Fresh Photo Friday: Hill of Three Oaks
Night photography around campus was one of those things that I kept putting off, always busy sleeping or (more likely) studying. So last May, in my waning days of college, I dedicated an entire night to shooting some of my favorite places at Carleton. This photo was taken just after sunset at the Hill of Three Oaks, in the southern reaches of the massive Arboretum. Using a tripod, I set my camera for a 30 second exposure at f3.5. I achieved the lighting of the tree by running up the hill and 'painting' the scene with a flashlight. I was constantly moving, so I am not in the image, although it took a few tries to learn how to hold the flashlight to avoid accidental trails of light. Even in this image, you can see an artifact of my method in the lower right. My work was actually interrupted by campus security, who saw flashing lights from a distance and came over to investigate! A few weeks after I made the photo, I sold a few prints in the Senior Art Show.


text:
STILETTO WOMAN necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 165 diseños de 30 diseñadores freelance.
Stiletto Woman... Own your own strut...Now Strut
Stiletto woman is a company that promotes woman to strut the woman within through fashion, parties and lifestyle. The culture of S. W are woman who turns obstacles into stepping stones, woman who enjoy womanhood, and everyday woman who live life with one foot in front of another. I am, I live, I love define by me…sexy, soft, ruff, fun, professional, talented, strong. S.W. is the beauty with in the woman that gives every woman her strut. "This is my life my one time to be me, I am going to work these heels to the fullest". `Stiletto Woman
My target audience is 18-35 women. Women starting their journey of who she is, or where she is going.
Make a statement. My colors are pink (not soft pink, or neon) but girly hot chic pink, sparkling silver, mocha, white. I am open to other colors. The colors must represent balance, always think universal. I do not want a teen cartoon look. (eg Subtle, soft, sexy, bold). It must be universal, t-shirts, website, stationary etc. I do not want to distinguish any race infact if you do pictures or silhouette, please do mid thigh down.
Ideas : 1. a mirror of effect, when she looks in the mirror she sees SW
2. stepping up the ladder in high heels shoes or equivalent or a symbol
3. Takking one of the letter and creating a symbol a badge of honor. I am A Stiletto Woman.
I just want something sexy, sassy, simple, professional, and universal but makes a statement. I am open
Stiletto Woman
Tag line- "Own your own strut...NOW STRUT"
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


text:
OAKLAND — A man fatally shot March 30 by an Alameda County sheriff's deputy in the Fruitvale district after a vehicle stop turned violent was identified by authorities Thursday as Broderick Huggins, 32, of Modesto.
Authorities said the main reason for the delay in releasing Huggins' name was that it took time to locate and notify his wife.
Authorities said Huggins was in Oakland with another Modesto man to buy marijuana.
Sheriff's deputies stopped the Ford SUV the men were in at 33rd Avenue and San Leandro Street about 9:40 p.m. March 30 for an equipment violation. The passenger was arrested on suspicion of possession of the drug Ecstasy. His name was not released and he was eventually not charged with any crime.
After a second pair of deputies arrived as backup, Huggins refused to get out of the vehicle and drove off, dragging one of those deputies, who had been trying to undo Huggins' seat belt, authorities said.
That deputy and another outside the car opened fire. Huggins was hit by the gunfire and later died.
The SUV ended up crashing into a building and a loaded pistol was found inside the vehicle, authorities said.
The deputy who had been dragged also suffered a bullet wound to his foot. Ballistics tests are still pending to see who shot him, authorities said. He is still recovering from his wound and will probably be off for some time, officials said.
The shooting is being investigated by the Alameda County District Attorney's Office.


text:
Gold American Buffalos
Invest in American Gold Buffalo coins and provide an inheritance for your loved ones, or save for a "rainy day."Gold American Buffalos - In 2006, the United States Mint introduced its first 1 oz .9999 fine Gold coin with the Gold Buffalo. This U.S. Mint Gold coin was instantly a huge success, providing competition for Canadian Gold Maple Leafs. Since then, the Gold Buffalo Coin has become a widely popular addition to any Gold bullion collection of Gold coins.
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We provide all of our customers with a refund, return and / or exchange on everything we sell including all bullion and certified coins. If for any reason, you have a problem, please feel free to call us. We will always do our best to accommodate you.


text:
Make a medium size messenger style bag with two inset pockets--one under the flap, and a second one inside.
The inside is roomy enough to hold a wallet, water bottle, paperback book, ipad in a pouch, etc.
This project takes about 3 hours to complete and is designed for those with basic sewing experience.
The pattern document is 18 pages total--10 pages of instructions with color photos + 8 black and white pages of pattern pieces. Several pieces require taping. Pieces are marked.
Supplies (Materials You Provide)
• 1 yard 42" exterior fabric
• 2/3 yard 42" lining fabric
• 2 yards 20" woven fusible interfacing
• 1/2 yard 42" fusible fleece
• Ruler and/or yardstick
• Chalk or fabric marking pen
• (1) 1.5" cinch buckle
• (1) 1.5" slide
• (1) 1.5" rectangle ring
• General sewing tools/notions
Sew It & Sell It
Bags made using this pattern can be sold in your own online store, local boutiques, craft fairs, etc. Start your own sewing business today! Please offer Michelle Patterns design credit in written descriptions.


text:
Press Releases
Around the World, Consumers and Businesses Turn to VeriSign® for Online Identity Protection
MOUNTAIN VIEW, CA (Marketwire) - As consumers wrestle with Internet security concerns in the face of recent high-profile account break-ins, more online businesses than ever are shielding their customers from e-criminals with identity protection services from VeriSign, Inc. (NASDAQ: VRSN), the leading provider of Internet infrastructure for the networked world.
From financial institutions and merchants to government agencies, organizations the world over are deploying VeriSign® Identity Protection (VIP) services to thwart the efforts of fraudsters whose phishing schemes can trick consumers into revealing sensitive private information. VeriSign Identity Protection service's one-time-passwords (OTP) are one element of a layered security approach. Other layers include Web site security brought by an Extended Validation (EV) SSL Certificate, fraud detection services to monitor anomalies on the back end, and consumer education to arm end users with information.
Today VeriSign spotlighted several new VIP Network members, a growing reseller channel for Identity and Authentication Services, and new data that suggests consumers continue to find VIP strong authentication valuable and easy to use. VIP Services is a comprehensive suite of identity protection and authentication services designed to strengthen and protect consumers' online identities.
VIP Network Adds Members Worldwide
Demand among consumers for stronger safeguards from e-criminals led dozens of organizations to join the VIP Network in the past year. These customers have signed up for various credentials from tokens supplied by ActivIdentity to innovative credit-card-format tokens from InCard Technologies (NASDAQ: INVC).
- American Bankers Association, the largest bank trade association in the U.S.
- AWA Credit Union Ltd, the Credit Union for ALCOA employees and their families Australia-wide
- Central Murray Credit Union, a small-medium sized financial institution based in rural Australia
- DocLocker, an Australia-based provider of secure online document storage and sharing services for businesses worldwide
- Indusval Multistock, a 40 year old, successful banking and brokerage firm in Brazil
- Joyo Bank, a large banking institution in Japan
- Maitland Mutual Building Society, a regionally based financial institution in Australia providing savings solutions and loan products to its members
- Morgan Street Document Systems, the premier provider of personalized, web-based, document management services to high-net-worth individuals and their advisors
- South West Credit Union, servicing the communities of South West Victoria, Australia
- U.S. Department of Education, Federal Student Aid — providing financial assistance to students for higher education
- VietUnion, a Vietnam-based provider of online payment service Payoo
- Water ISAC, a private, not-for-profit organization authorized by the U.S. Congress and established by utilities to provide information necessary to secure water systems
Membership in the VIP Network allows online businesses to use the same VIP credentials on various other network members' sites, including AOL, eBay, PayPal and many others.
Ease-of-Use Drives Popularity
With a growing selection of credential options, consumers continue to report that use of one-time password with VIP is both valuable and easy to use. At eBay Live! in June, 689 attendees responded to a survey about their experiences with the PayPal Security Key, a type of VIP security credential that provides a one-time password (OTP) for every transaction. During an online transaction, this password is entered into a user interface with other information (such as user name and static PIN) for multifactor authentication.
A third of respondents said they use the PayPal Security Key, and nearly three-quarters of users reported that their PayPal key is easy to use. What's more, most respondents said they wanted to enjoy VIP protection with a variety of services — including online banking, shopping, gaming and stock trading — while nearly half hoped to use their token to access health care services.
"Before I started using my token, someone was breaking into my account every four to six weeks," said Janice Lindgren, an eBay seller of sports memorabilia. "I'm so glad I came across the Security Key last year during eBay Live. I feel safe when I use it. My husband and I aren't computer experts — I'm 63 and he's 71 — but this is easy. I previously had to change my password constantly to keep others out of my account, but since I started using the PayPal Security Key, I haven't had to change it once."
Growing Partners Extend Reach of VIP
Enhancements to VeriSign's sales and delivery channel for VIP also has extended the network's market presence worldwide. VeriSign recently added to its channel and strategic partner ranks:
- Blitz IT Consultants Pte Ltd in Vietnam
- Senior Solutions in Brazil
- Scitum and Netrix in Mexico
- Bharti Airtel in India
- iTrusChina in China
- MSCTrustgate in Malaysia
And in the Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) region, VeriSign launched a new program aimed at recruiting at least one anchor partner for the UK, Germany, France, Spain and Italy. Other efforts are underway to ensure that VIP is represented via a robust and far-reaching ecosystem, particularly within the financial, retail, social networking and gaming markets.
More Credential Options for Users
The PayPal Security Key is one of several convenient types of credentials accepted by VIP Network members. Because VIP is compliant with OATH (Open Authentication Organization) specifications, consumers can leverage credentials in many form factors designed to fit an individual's needs and usage preferences.
VeriSign offers traditional VIP credentials from various different manufacturers such as Vasco, ActivIdentity, and Gemalto, and software-based tokens that work on Java and BREW-based mobile phones. In addition, VeriSign's SMS credentials, which enable OTPs to be sent via a text message to a mobile phone, are now live. Finally, VeriSign offers credit card sized form factors for OTP authentication from InCard Technologies.
"As recent high-profile account break-ins on bank accounts and email accounts suggest, the days when simply entering a username and password was enough to protect consumers online are long gone," said Fran Rosch, vice president, Identity and Authentication Services at VeriSign. "The VIP Network provides an essential and convenient layer of defense for the millions of consumers who rely on online businesses to provide a safe and secure experience every time they log on."
The unique VIP Network allows consumers to use a single security device to authenticate themselves across any VIP-enabled Web site. This makes it more convenient for users to adopt two-factor authentication into their online routine. For online businesses, joining the VIP Network helps distribute the costs of stronger authentication, thus accelerating its inevitable acceptance in the global marketplace. For more information, visit http://www.verisign.com/authentication/consumer-authentication/index.html
About VeriSign
VeriSign, Inc. (NASDAQ: VRSN) is the trusted provider of Internet infrastructure services for the networked world. Billions of times each day, VeriSign helps companies and consumers all over the world engage in communications and commerce with confidence. Additional news and information about the company is available at www.verisign.com.
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LENOX — For its Friday-afternoon concert, Tanglewood's 2014 Festival of Contemporary Music offered a glimpse into the workshop: the yield of the Piece-a-Day project, a three-pieces-in-72-hours pedagogical enterprise for each of this summer's Tanglewood Music Center composition fellows (YiYiing Chen, Arne Gieshoff, David Hertzberg, Andrew Hsu, and Elizabeth Kelly). The results ran the gamut, from jam-packed miniatures to provocative sketches. But they epitomized a festival that seemed to highlight the process of composition as much as the end product.
Fifty years after the first such festival — unusually for Tanglewood, an anniversary honored in the breach — the FCM still changes pattern and purpose from summer to summer. Co-directed by John Harbison and Michael Gandolfi, this year's festival focused on former Tanglewood fellows; alumni composers formed a majority on most concerts. But the music echoed the work of composing, accentuating one part of the toolkit, then another: sound, syntax, style.
Thursday's opening concert started, like many compositional projects, with all-angles considerations of musical ideas. James Matheson's 2008 quartet "The Anatomy of Melancholy," inspired by Robert Burton's 1621 book, was often frozen in ratiocination, combining keys, tempi, and stylistic markers into swirlingly static tableaux. Anna Weesner's "Mother Tongues," a 2006 setting of haiku by Sonia Sanchez for soprano (Claudia Rosenthal) and instrumental quintet, circled its short, often pop-pentatonic motives, judged the arrangement from a distance, went back in and shifted things around. Seung-Ah Oh's percussion quartet "Canonic Phase," from 2008, was more systematically exhaustive, rhythms and timbres combined and layered into larger, ritualistic patterns.
Harbison and Fred Lerdahl — the older generation — were represented by early works, youthful reckonings with avant-garde dialects. Lerdahl's 1968 "Wake," a long James Joyce setting conducted by Daniel Cohen, featured dazzling, virtuoso singing by soprano Lucy Fitz Gibbon, but was ultimately weighed down by undigested complexity. Harbison's 1968 piano solo "Parody Fantasia" (played with effortless incisiveness by Katherine Dowling, one of the New Fromm Players, the festival's bench of alumni new-music specialists) was clearer but still chockablock with complication, its Bach-derived theme accumulating notes and counterpoint. By contrast, Jacob Druckman's 1979 "Bo" — an ancient Chinese prose poem by Mua Ha set for a close-harmony trio of singers (Rosenthal, Laura Strickling, and Loralee Singer) and an instrumental trio — was distilled music, extraneous ideas burned away, leaving gorgeous modernist exhalations. (Aram Demirjian conducted.)
Sound dominated Saturday's concert, beginning with Keeril Makan's extraordinary, arresting "2," a 1998 violin-percussion duo of grim, glinting ecstasy, the rites superbly performed by Jordan Koransky and Joseph Kelly. The analytic engines of George Perle's 1976 "Six Etudes" (played by Dowling) arranged complex harmonies into graceful densities. Hannah Lash's 2012 "Friction, Pressure, Impact," for cello (Nathan Watts) and piano (Livan), motored more monochromatically, maximizing opportunities for wiry steeliness.
David Dzubay's expansive, imaginative String Quartet No. 1, "Astral" (2008), keenly realized by New Fromm Players Samantha Bennett, Sarah Silver, Jocelin Pan, and Jesse Christeson, gathered miscellaneous styles under a buzzing, rustling, shimmering sonic umbrella. It was chased by Eric Nathan's 2012 "Toying," for trumpet (George Goad), a whimsical, charming cracker-jack box of extended techniques. Dowling returned for Anthony Cheung's 2010 "Roundabouts," virtuosic clouds of piano resonance, the concert's emphasis on sound summarized in ringing haze.
Sunday morning featured stylistic explorations. Martin Boykan's aphoristic 2010 quintet "As Once on a Deserted Street. . ." slipped between modernist rigor and more old-fashioned, almost operatic hints of musical drama. Benjamin Scheuer's "Voices," a world premiere (conducted by Stephen Drury), was a stylistic kitchen sink: a double wind quintet, augmented by assorted toys — harmonicas, music boxes, kazoos, rattles — and electronics, all coursing through a mix of notions, noises, and allusions. Simultaneously harrowing and silly, "Voices" was a bushel of unbridled possibility dumped into an otherwise comparatively buttoned-down festival.
More disciplined play followed. Gandolfi's meticulously bouncy 2005 "As Above," for a 10-player ensemble (conducted by Stefan Asbury), used interlocking minimalist patterns as a transfer point between pop and jazz evocations. Another premiere, Bernard Rands's "Folk Songs," was genially, unapologetically nostalgic: three singers (Strickling, Reilly Nelson, and Sara Lemesh) and a chamber ensemble (conducted by Karina Canellakis) giving lush, tonal comfort to nine songs — spanning Europe and the Americas — a cozy, cinematic travelogue recapitulating Rands's own cross-Atlantic career.
Sunday evening brought two large-scale vocal works at the intersection of old-fashioned narrative and moment-to-moment new-music immediacy. Kate Soper's 2009 "Helen Enfettered," to elusively atmospheric texts by Christian Bök, shaped its portrait of Helen of Troy by highlighting means of production, each movement an etude on a particular vocal technique: head voice, chest voice, snappy recitation, swooning sprechstimme, everything from a gauzy croon to a verismo shriek. (Demirjian conducted the eight-player ensemble; sopranos Marie Marquis and Angela Vallone were confident and compelling, Helen's id and ego locked in vibrant duet.)
A score of Shakespeare's sonnets were woven through Andrew Waggoner's 2005 "This Powerful Rhyme," for 10 players (conducted by Harbison) and two speakers (Kayo Iwama and Alan Smith, assiduously clear, but overemphasizing and under-parsing the poetry). The sonnets were arranged into a loose, course-of-true-love chronicle, but it was, again, the musical progression — one saturated, high-dynamic-range instrumental cushion after another — that carried the piece.
Monday's finale — featuring the Tanglewood Music Center Orchestra, in unfailingly accomplished form — didn't quite tie the festival's threads together, but gave each another turn in the spotlight. First, a clutch of challenging musical ideas from a modernist classic, Roger Sessions's Boston Symphony-commissioned 1981 Concerto for Orchestra, its slow-rolling atonal grandeur burnished smooth by Asbury's efficient precision. Then style, via Steven Mackey's rambunctiously elegiac 2008 violin concerto "Beautiful Passing" (composed as a memorial to his mother): power chords, country fiddling, and fervent lyricism jumbled in alternately pensive and percussive ways. Sarah Silver was the eloquent soloist; from the podium, Daniel Cohen drew extroverted phrasing and sound.
"At the Speed of Stillness," by London-based Charlotte Bray, was all scintillant orchestration, a Benjamin Britten-esque seascape for the 21st century. (Bray's inspiration was the Sizewell Power Station that looms nearby Britten's beloved Aldeburgh.) Canellakis conducted with crisp aggression, as if to capture the water's churn at the level of molecular vibration and collision.
Finally, there was the festival's most explicit nod to musical toolmaking: "Slonimsky's Earbox," John Adams's splashy 1996 ode to a famous modern-music sourcebook, Nicolas Slonimsky's "Thesaurus of Scales and Musical Patterns." Asbury's conducting put the music's colossal, polychrome machinery front-and-center. It was an appropriate finish to a festival that often felt like a tour of the new-music factory floor.Matthew Guerrieri can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Quick and easy snacking options in Hong Kong
December 19, 2013 in Best Of, Food, Hong Kong, Reviews, Travel by pacejmiller
Most of my visits to Hong Kong are way too short, which runs contrary to my intentions to eat way too much. The alternative is that I just find a lot of places lots of different snacks that are cheap, quick and easy. Here are some of my recommendations.
Tim Ho Wan (添好運)
You really can't go wrong with Tim Ho Wan because it's Michelin starred, it's cheap, it's quick (sometimes even when you have to line up) and there are now multiple locations in Hong Kong, including right next Hong Kong MRT station, so there's no excuse for not visiting if you want divine dim sums. Check out my posts on this legendary joint here and here.
Lan Fong Yuen (蘭芳園)
This legendary tea cafe now has multiple locations as well, so you don't have to line up outside the hole-in-the-wall near Lan Kwai Fong. The service is extremely quick and the food is excellent for the prices — the perfect place for a quick bite, whether it's noodles or pork buns or milk tea. Check out my full post here.
Sun Chiu Kee (新釗記)
Rice, noodles, congee and coffee, all at reasonable prices. The food is standard fare but the good thing is that you can find one of these tea cafes just about everywhere. More detailed post here.
Australia Dairy Company (澳洲牛奶公司)
It's pretty silly for an Aussie to go to a place called Australia Dairy Company in Hong Kong, but this place is a regular for foodies who go there to sample its milk, egg and toast dishes. Can't say I was overly impressed during my lone visit but most others have a different opinion. More detailed post here.
Tsui Wah (翠華)
If you ever need a decent meal but can't be bothered travelling, just look out for the ubiquitous Tsui Wah, which is everywhere in Hong Kong. They have an assortment of set meals offering different types of food, from sandwiches to noodle soups. More detailed post here.
Tai Hing (太興)
I really like this place, which offers a massive menu with just about everything you can imagine, from rice to BBQ to noodles to light snacks, and loads and loads of beverage options. It's more like a sit-down restaurant but it's still quick and efficient. If you're not sure what you feel like, this is the place I would recommend. The official website is here.
Yee Shun Dairy Company (港澳義順牛奶公司)
I believe this joint originated in Macau, and it's more of a specialized cafe for people who are into milk desserts, with their double-skin steamed milk pudding being a local favourite. Toasts and macaroni dishes available here too, but everyone goes there for the milk. Multiple locations across Hong Kong, I believe. See here for more details.
Mak's Noodle (麥奀雲吞麵世家)
If all you want is a steaming bowl of wonton noodles, then this is the place. It's simple, tasty, cheap, and supposedly the best in town. For address and details check out this link.
Tai Cheong Bakery (泰昌餅家)
Lastly, if you can't stuff any more food into your belly, how about a traditional Hong Kong egg tart? I know everyone goes for Portuguese ones these days, but the traditional ones are pretty tasty too. For locations check out here.


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Emerging Markets Crumble in Asia
Stocks were lower across Asia Tuesday. The WSJ's Mia Lamar tells Jake Lee why investors are increasingly nervous about an end to the Federal Reserve's easy-money policies.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the ... a mock itself is under way some of Asia's makes vulnerable matching markets ... this is Asia's today ... I'm joined by the law to report a weekly ... meeting covering this crazy breaks I sometimes the market this tree what's happening today yes I think it's a really tough session isn't a ... lot of people in this coming this morning ... the Dow was down for fourth straight session ... because losing streak ... this year ... I have ever based watching House bond market selloff ... yields are new to this and ... get the same is no reason why is it is high ... I'm but a nice decides that that is the timing startling back its easy money policies that just really started ... I start to come home and into ... emerging markets are just ... so hard today is a stunning ... ten percent or six percent slide on on day ... three of the new staff ... this picture get what the backdrop remains today for sale or omissions into about a false Christ but doesn't seem to be quite the case now ... Dr Ryan and I think ... you know I mean these are not new homes and on since May that the Fed is currently start pulling back here ... I think now with that kind of ... I didn't hear people signs of cracks these economies are entirely innocent refreshing India has deep structural problems ... I'm so you know it's it's it's kind of ... concern are really focus on ... maybe this is not really wanna be ... on the Street survey the backup in the U S and I got online Citi field together quite ugly ... the outlook where should investors be looking so that that the trigger point is that the Treasury yields a living I e Sharif in China which repeated in I mean I think everybody's Clinton now to aerial right now ... and then also for Cindy opens an hour ... that markets hadn't really tough time ... but these are the key to the fellow yesterday ... so I think it will be watching much because the costs they can ... take us a sense I cannot be right now but for now I mean a mom to watch John report to think he symmetry joining ... that's it Asia's day find JTB but for more


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toango needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 40 designs submitted by 15 freelance designers.
opportunity to continue work with banners
we are a small retail and wholesale flooring company selling ceramic tile, granite and marble and wood. hard surfaces. no carpet.. we are located in anaheim, ca
i like designs that can make unexpected interpretations. i like symbolism. i like the imperfect human hand along with the crispness of a computer as a tool. a like traditional and modern design.
- custom font with subtle modifications to the letters. it will spell out "pacificland" . use of kerned fonts.
- i like logos like are the new yorker (iconic), arizona tile (southwest inspired), oceanside glass tile (strong "O" symbolisim waves)
- i like chinese chop style designs like benihana's logo.
- something too elaborate like victorian style ornamentation
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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OCZ Vertex Series 120GB SSD Performance Preview - Indilinx makes an intro
Indilinx Barefoot spotted
I know, I know; some of you are probably tired of seeing solid state reviews. But I am wagering that MOST of you are still very interested in the new SSD technology and want to know about as soon as you can. We at PC Perspective surely are and that is why we have had the sudden influx of solid state drive reviews. This time we are going to preview yet another offering from OCZ Technology: the much anticipated Vertex series.
For those of you counting, that brings the grand total to three for new series of SSDs from OCZ in 2009. First we had the Apex series, followed by the Summit series we previewed yesterday and now we round out the lineup with the Vertex. You may also notice that these three terms are synonyms; don't ask us about that, we are just interested in technology and performance.
But why all the different SSDs? In reality the drives are all based on very different technology. The Apex is a band-aid combination of a pair of JMicron controllers in a RAID configuration, the Summit uses a new, but standard design Samsung controller that utilizes on-drive cache and the Vertex is the first drive to use the new Barefoot SSD controller from a new company on the scene: Indilinx .
Indilinx BareFoot Overview
Indilinx is reviving a technique used by Mtron (one of the earliest SSD
producers). Instead of using an off the shelf JMicron controller,
Indilinx has rolled their own controller. They employ a programmable ARM7 microcontroller to control a data pipeline
between the SATA interface and the flash memory. Their implementation
has a new twist in that additional bus work has been added to assist in
control and data transfer. This additional bandwidth should help to
reduce latency and increase overall throughput. When combined with the
SDRAM buffer, improvements should be seen in small write access. As
long as the ARM keep everything flowing smoothly, this combination may
help reduce the dreaded MLC 'lag' seen by many early adopters.
The Indilinx single-chip ARM-based solution to flash memory control.
The ARM and all necessary circuitry (short of the SRAM itself) is all contained within a single package, code named 'Barefoot'. Allyn (PCPer SSD torture tester) will be diving deeper into the tech in the Vertex full review. In the meantime lets get onto some benches!


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Skip to Content
Scholarships are an excellent way to obtain much-needed money for tuition, books or living expenses. This web site is designed to serve as a scholarship database, which contains scholarships we feel are a good fit for our students. All of these scholarships are provided by organizations and corporations, each with their own qualifying factors. Please note that a lot of scholarships have deadlines on the first of the month; therefore please look at scholarships that coming up in month ahead. Eligibility requirements and application deadlines may change without our knowledge.
The Washington Scholarship Coalition has put together a new scholarship database for Washington students:


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Who is Garrett Wilson - bball commit?
Anything involving SMU basketball belongs here.
Moderators: PonyPride, SmooPower
Re: Who is Garrett Wilson - bball commit?
Since he is being considered a walk on I don't think he counts towards the 4 scholarships IMO.
"We will play man to man and we will pick you up at the airport." - Larry Brown
Re: Re: Who is Garrett Wilson - bball commit?
I went to cinco ranch. Same district as the alief schools, so yes decent competition.
Re: Who is Garrett Wilson - bball commit?
Well we used to be but, judging from the schedule, alief dropped out...
Re: Who is Garrett Wilson - bball commit?
Accepted as a walk-on who will attend SMU on an academic scholarship.
Re: Who is Garrett Wilson - bball commit?
Garrett is a great kid. We have known the family for many many years. My son is the same age and has played on multiple basketball teams with Garrett. I coached Garrett in some youth sports. Parents are great. Garrett's Dad, Gerald, played football at Stanford and is an extremely successful businessman. Good, hard-working, smart and disciplined kid. Absolutely a positive to the program - and as mentioned before, apparently his academic scholarship makes it a win-win situation. I have no ties to SMU, but personally will now watch them when possible (and my Aggies are not playing)!!! Heard his AAU coach once joke that once Garrett crosses halfcourt, he is looking for his shot!!! I see him as more of a 2 than a 1, but what the heck do I know. Good luck and SMU got a good one, in my opinion!!
Re: Who is Garrett Wilson - bball commit?
Thanks for posting! A great addition that doesn't count towards the schollies
Re: Who is Garrett Wilson - bball commit?
Each sport has an athletic scholarship limit established by the NCAA ( 85 football, 11 mens swimming, 11 womens swimming). Each college coach has the option how they use their total dollar alotment. In football and basketball the athlete usually gets a "full ride" meaning they get the full benefits of what the NCAA defines as a scholarship. A "full ride" usually means tution, room, books, meals and laundry. Obviously the cost of athletic scholarships differs greatly between the public and private universities. It is for this reason that private colleges must spend more than double for each scholarship. It is common practice for most "minor" sports to split up the cost of a full scholarship and give out "partial" scholarships not to exceed the $$$ limits of the cost of a full ride at that school. This can be done at the coaches descretion in any amount or combination based on $$$$ alotted as part of the partial. For example, a soccer athlete may be given a partial scholarship amount equal to the school's cost for room and books; cost of tuition; cost for room and board....etc. up to a full ride for a truly elite athlete. This is where the public schools have a huge advantage over the private schools as you can offer a minor sport athlete a partial scholarship and it is still reasonable for that athlete to afford to attend that public school paying the balance on his own dime. This very important for kids who are average academically and do not qualify for academic aid. This means a huge advantage in depth and total athletes in that sport vs. the financial limitations at a private school. It therefore becomes paramount for a minor sport at private schools to find very high academic kids in an attempt to combine a partial athletic scholarship with academic grants/ scholarships to give the kid the equivalent of a full ride and/or at least make the unsupported balance affordable for the athlete. The best case scenario is obviously the kid whose parents can afford and are willing to pay all the bills ( eg....Joe Montana's QB son attending ND on Joe's tab and not counting against the NCAA scholarship limit) and/or the kid who is academically gifted and qualifies for grants/academic scholarships ( eg....Garret Wilson ) who does not count against NCAA limits. If the athletic department $$$$ are not involved in any part of the kids college costs, it does not count against the NCAA limits. If so, it counts against those NCAA limits. Lastly, the minor sport coach has the option every year to adjust the % of the partial as they desire.
Re: Who is Garrett Wilson - bball commit?
A player receiving a full academic scholarship won't count for scholarship limit if he can maintain a 3.3 GPA after first year-btw NCAA rules do not allow partial scholarships in FB or BB
18.104.22.168.2 Exception—Receipt of Institutional Academic Aid Only. In football or basketball, a student-athlete who was recruited by the awarding institution and whose only source of institutional financial aid is academic aid based solely on the recipient's academic record at the certifying institution, awarded independently of athletics interests and in amounts consistent with the pattern of all such awards made by the institution, may compete without counting in the institution's financial aid team limits, provided he or she has completed at least one academic year of full-time enrollment at the certifying institution and has achieved a cumulative grade-point average of at least 3.300 (on a 4.000 scale) at the certifying institution. (Adopted: 10/27/05 effective 8/1/06)
"With a quarter of a tank of gas, we can get everything we need right here in DFW." -SMU Head Coach Chad Morris
When momentum starts rolling downhill in recruiting-WATCH OUT.
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(c) Pocumtuck Valley Memorial Association, Deerfield MA. All rights reserved.
Contact us for information about using this image.
This painting of the Millers Falls Company plant, circa 1930's, of Millers Falls, Massachusetts, is one of the first commissioned works by Stephen Maniatty, a Pioneer Valley landmark artist. Maniatty was Art Director of Deerfield Academy, where students who became enamored of his depictions of the local area brought his work back home to all parts of the world. For a time, this painting was glued to the tavern wall of the famous Mansion House in Greenfield, Massachusetts, before it was given to the Museum of Our Industrial Heritage in Greenfield, Massachusetts.
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See Also...
Photograph of Millers Falls Companies with WWII losses
Millers Falls Company's Micrometer with box
"Millers Falls Company Arises From Nash's Mill Ashes" article from Greenfield Recorder-Gazette newspaper
Dyno-Mite WWII newsletter cover from Millers Falls (Tool) Company
"Making High Grade Tools for Industry Since 1868" Millers Falls Company ad from Greenfield Recorder-Gazette newspaper
Nazi statement from Millers Falls Company employee
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Mercury was found in over a third of processed food products tested, the source of the mercury is contaminated high fructose corn syrup.
One of the researchers, Renee Dufalt, led inquiry into the possibility that HFCS contained mercury while working with the FDA in 2005.
The FDA did nothing to inform consumers about the mercury in the last four years.
Two other very common food additives are also manufactured with mercury cell technology; citric acid and sodium benzoate. These additives have not yet been tested.Learn why this is a HUGE health issue here.
Interestingly, President Obama introduced legislation in 2007 to end the use of mercury cell technology while still a senator. It's time to ask him to reintroduce this bill. The technology is outdated and is completely unnecessary to use in manufacturing. This issue was avoidable. Write your representatives and President Obama and ask that this legislation be reintroduced and passed. The name of the bill is S. 1818 Missing Mercury in Manufacturing Monitoring and Mitigation Act.
It is also time to ask the new FDA administrators to be accountable. In China, perpetrators in the recent tainted milk issue were sentenced to death in two cases and life imprisonment for others. The least we could expect in our country should be legal action that holds the manufacturers and FDA administration accountable. Imagine what would happen if we imposed a death sentence here, or at least a civil suit.
If you would like names of who was running the EPA in 2005 when the agency knew about the mercury issue anddid nothing, here they are: Stephen Johnson and Micheal Leavitt.
There are four high fructose corn syrup plants in the U.S. that still use mercury cell technology. Here are their names and contact information. Go ahead, give them a call, email or letter and tell them what you think.
- Olin Corporation, www.olin.com and www.olinchloralkali.com, 2402 Doug Barnard Pkwy, Augusta, GA 30906, (706) 798-1510
- Ashta Chemicals Inc, www.ashtachemicals.com, 3509 Middle Rd, Ashtabula, OH, (440) 997-5221
- PPG Industries in New Martinsville, West Virginia, www.ppg.com, Natrium Chemical Plant, State Route 2, Natrium, WV 26155, (304) 455-2200. PPG also has the dubious distinction of one of the "Filthy Five" by Oceana.org, primarily for mercury pollution (PDF).
- Erco Worldwide is the fourth company. They are currently in the process of converting to mercury-free technology.
As consumers, we can also quit buying products containing HFCS.
We can also call or write the manufacturers of these products and let them know we quit buying their product until we know it is safe. If we all emailed just one manufacturer a day, I bet it would get some response. Go ahead, write them, blog about it. Use names.


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dema needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 285 designs submitted by 98 freelance designers.
This contest to achieve the design of a custom logo for a new line of shoes , slippers and flipflops.
The design should be suitable for box printing , advertisement and mainly for labelling the shoes
The forthcoming brand WAX will be put in reasonable range of shoes items from children to man with unisex collection. It's only a 3 letters brand . We intended to keep it short expecially for labelling the shoes. The brand will be put on shoes using various methods. Labelling , cotton flagging , embossed logos and so on. We need a modern and original font , not to be recunductable to other known brands.
- totaly up to your fantasy , we don't have any prejudice
- keep in mind that most of the logos will be embossed on shoes so no particular need in transparency effects or reflect or glossy
- we are totaly open to any solutions . so go on with your projects
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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It's an oft-voiced suggestion that rather than looking at the bad things that happen in our communities, we should focus on the good things. There's a number of highly successful geek women already – should we not be concentrating on encouraging more of them, rather than scaring people away with tales of thoughtlessness, discrimination and outright abuse?
Let's draw an analogy. One day, a $20 charge appears on your credit card. You didn't make it. You report it to your credit card company, who assure you that they take fraud seriously and then do nothing. A few days later, another $20 charge. Your credit card company tells you that such events are rare, unrepresentative of the general credit card experience and continue to do nothing. A week afterwards, another charge. This time your credit card company describes how they're planning on implementing a brand new anti-fraud system, but that this is unrelated to any events that may currently be occuring and will give no details as to when it's going to be rolled out. And proceed to ignore any further reports you make about fraudulant transactions.
Would you stay with this company? Or would you take your business somewhere else?
The problem with the "Let's look to the future rather than spending too much time getting stuck in the present" argument is that it assures people that things will get better without providing a roadmap for getting there. It does nothing to validate their concerns or make them feel wanted within a community. It assumes either that people will stick with a community that doesn't respond to their complaints, or that it's possible to construct a community that's welcome to an assortment of genders, ethnicities and lifestyles without any of those people being represented in the first place.
Ignoring people's concerns is an excellent way to drive them away from your community. Doing so because of a potential future that's probably conditional on you having those people in your community is short sighted and self defeating. Ignoring the present doesn't benefit the future. It benefits the status quo.


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We're at the point of the season where much of the talk is about trades, so let's look back on one of the Mets biggest deals.
On June 15 of 1969, Donn Clenenon was traded by Montreal to the Mets for minor leaguers Bill Carden and Dave Colon, Kevin Collins and Steve Renko.
The Mets were nine games back of the Cubs when the trade was made. Clendenon was hot down the stretch, hitting homers to beat Chicago and St. Louis, and continued to hit for power during the World Series, with homers in Games 2 and 4.
Clendenon played two more years for the Mets with limited success. On this date in 1971, his homer gave the Mets a 6-5 victory over Philadelphia in 15 innings.
Clendenon was released after the season, played in 1972 with St. Louis and was cut after that year.
Clendenon's father was a mathematics and psychology professor at Langston University in Oklahoma, and education was a big part of his life. After retiring, Clendenon returned to school at Duquesne University and practiced law in Dayton, Ohio.
Clendenon died at 70 in 2005 in Sioux Falls, South Dakota.