text:
这个是Release Announcement
一个用C#写的操作系统,从介绍看来在Common Intermediate Language这个
The SharpOS project is aimed at writing an operating system in 100% C#. This
originally proved to be a problem of nearly philosophical proportions because C#
is a managed language, and by nature isn't designed for such low-level uses as
developing an operating system kernel. Please note that although our goal is to
create an operating system in C#, the infrastructure we have created allows
kernels to be written in any language that targets the Common Intermediate
Language bytecodes and exposes pointers and unsafe code.


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By Scott Phillips
The Americus Times-Recorder
AMERICUS — On Saturday the Americus community lost a
coaching legend with the passing of Jimmy Hightower. Although
Hightower was so well known for his two football state
championships at Americus High School, he also led the Americus
Panthers to three championships in golf and one in basketball and
baseball. Even greater than his contributions to the sporting world
were his contributions to the lives of the young men that he led,
according the University of Georgia's first sideline
announcer and legendary presence Loran Smith.
Smith and Hightower first met in the 1960's when Smith was traveling the state with the Georgia Bulldog Club. Smith and Hightower struck up a friendship as each of the two well-known storytellers were never short on words in their fascinating conversations. Smith continued to stay in touch with Hightower throughout his coaching career and even served as his secretary while Hightower held the position of president of the Georgia Athletic Coaches Association.
"The reward of coaching, for a great coach like Jimmy, was to see a kid become a responsible and good citizen," Smith told the Times-Recorder. "He was an exceptional person in that he was not only a good coach, but he also meant a great deal to the kids."
Hightower was born in Cedartown, on September 29, 1929 but spent many of his years in Americus, a town that would become home to he and his family. During his tenure at Americus High School from 1954-1971, he led his Panther football teams to an incredible 103-16-4 mark, winning two Class A state titles in 1962 and 1965 and claiming six region championships. For his tremendous work on the gridiron, Hightower was named the Georgia Class A Football Coach of the Year in 1962, 1965, and 1968. He was also named the Albany Touchdown Club Coach of the Year in 1962 and 1965.
Hightower's inspirational leadership did not stop on the football field, however, as he also lead the Panther golf team to state titles in 1966, 1968, and 1969. He also spent 10 years as the head coach of the Panther basketball program, claiming the school's only basketball state championship in 1961 along with five region championships. His first championship with the Panthers came as a baseball coach, where he led the Americus High School baseball team to the 1955 Class AA state title.
Following his historic career at Americus High, Hightower moved to LaGrange where he led the Granger football program to a 47-34-1 record and one region title from 1972-1980. After an eight year layover in LaGrange, Hightower returned to Americus where he became the first head coach for the NAIA Georgia Southwestern College's new football program. With young and inexperienced teams, Hightower led the Hurricanes to winning seasons in each of his first five seasons against tough conference competition.
All of Hightower's hard work and dedicated leadership did not go unnoticed. He was inducted to the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame in 1989 and the Georgia Athletic Coaches Association Hall of Fame in 2003. Hightower is also in the Georgia Southwestern University Hall of Fame and he was inducted to the inaugural class of the Americus-Sumter County High School Athletic Hall of Fame in 2011.
Hightower's legacy is much more than that of just a great coach, according to Smith. "He was the kind of guy that you could always count on. He always lived up to his commitments and if he said he was going to do something then he was going to do it," he said. "He was terrific in his leadership and work ethic, and he was just a great citizen."
City of Americus Mayor and former player Barry Blount echoed Smith's comments. "He coached me in the ninth and tenth grade before coach Shell took over my eleventh grade year. He was a living legend in the town and he touched a lot of lives. I have a lot of fond memories of coach Hightower and what he did for not only me, but for this community," said Blount.
Blount recalls that as a young boy he knew that playing for Hightower at Americus High School was a dream that many children in the community had. "I remember as a small boy wanting to play for the Panthers and coach Hightower, because that was a big deal."
Blount also pointed out the fact that although he might not have had the strongest, fastest, or most athletic players, Hightower always got the most out of his teams. "Coach Hightower just had a knack for getting the most out of all his players. He didn't always have the most athletic or the strongest players, but he got us to give 110 percent and that's what made Americus successful."
Hightower left a lasting impression on the community of Americus from his always-kind smile to his entertaining stories, which Blount says he will miss the most about the legendary coach. "It didn't matter who you were he always knew you and always had a great story to tell you, and that's what I think I will miss the most about him," Blount said. "Americus is a very special place now because of people like coach Hightower."
The family suggests memorial contributions be made to First United Methodist Church, 200 S. Lee St., Americus, Ga. 31709.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
HTC VIVE Wireless Adapter Battery Bank/Pack
HC VIVE Wireless Adapter Battery Bank/Pack
Request more information Send to a friend View all power supplies
To help our clients make informed decisions about new technologies, we have opened up our research & development facilities and actively encourage customers to try the latest platforms using their own tools and if necessary together with their existing hardware. Remote access is also available
Join us at CloudFest! A technology and internet innovation event where users, vendors, influencers and visionaries collaborate to move the cloud industry forward.


text:
Inside of the Competitive World of PC Gaming
Owen Mahoney of Nexon - one of the first companies to offer free games online - talks to the WSJ's Yumiko Ono about how the growing mobile gaming industry is affecting business and the difficulties in maintaining creativity.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... she ... ten years ago you may be the first ... company to come up with every team that ... I'm sure it didn't take long for other people to seek it out in China ... how ... high ... being ... coming up with new teams Adam was created that that's still better than your competitor ... well um ... one in the way so ... you're right I mean Korea's always been this massively competitive environment for the exams ... and so is China ... answer some increases we operate on ... Saurabh accretion in with the but the way that we figured out as one of the ... sort of ruthlessly experimental ... again about me the meaning so for sample of ... the game isn't doing well let's killer and then lets you know try try something completely new life into these three items and that's that's how we came up with all the right ... so we usually try from a beating in perspective instead of building a gay mistress like somebody else's we'd be trying a lot of different things in a lot of those experiments to work out well ... and then we cut it into the next one but we don't put all ranks in one basket ... but the person designs gay ... I think it's I suppose that I think they're being polite there will be wanting to go public on and use gravity body piercings ... it ... up ... I'm by far the ... most formally dressed person company and ... I'm I'm dressing whatever I am so you can tell a connected to the people come in during daylight hours are they not our goal is to get all types ... of what was actually it's really interesting ... video game design is the really interesting art form because it is really know people talk about the combination of art and science ... N C get a lot of great artists are also great engine years ... on from a management perspective that's a tough group to manage ... you can imagine sometimes because ... engineers can be hard to manage an artist or art ... Center building our ... and ... the kinds of debates are weak internally sometimes are people who ... um ... create great art ... and ... and they actually just want to create great art and others ... just wanna have a huge audience and what we wanted to do is create great art ... that also has a huge audience and most video game maker sets a common denominator if you're if you're making great art he wanted to teach you have a lot of fans ... aam but the across the videogame industry not just us that so that's a tough battle it's you know and ... aam ... the way we approach it is we we tried this new experimentation ... alot ... most baby makers ... on the games business because they stop ... the Red Lord of the Rings years ago ... an aura that saw blade runner ... twenty years ago said what I was I wanna make the videogame and before that ... and aam ... and so they if you feed them that's ... and you can to help them address a large audience and that's that's pretty compelling for them ... aam with the conflicts really happen is ... you know we hear that the journalist equals ... they contain very financially rewarding but it's not what your game designers Nexus really got business in southern on low but the game and that's it that's a tough and limiting our is another question what are some of the games to store it ... up ... it's like some of cable TV it seems to have appeal to the of the delay in the parade now ... what why or why or ... somebody gets disrupted ... we know it's interesting um violent I think is that the person yet but so violent as the borrowing billions are part of the ... video game history and um ... I think it's because in game design ... in a shooting in job paying crashing into things ... um ... what was it was appealing and easy to design for especially into the ... realm and also appeals to him sometime none of my mind when two sons for cars crashing into ... things in each other and so on ... says the point of history ... I am the twenty from CBS which is also a games but I'm ... happy scene about impacting than a Christmas video games are played on ... the matter ... I'm so busy we noted the impact of a doll's head of console gaming ... know if at all is it affecting PC gaming and and and a ... massive multiplayer online today I think it's a great question that's probably the big existential question about the dance right now ... aam ... what we see there there's there server promise that ... that a lot of people call that the people coming out of PC ... and into mobile in fact what we see in our day I'm not sure but of course and are designed to keep your coming out of PC PC gamers also play mobile games I play ... Angry Birds ... I play our games ... but I'll still put its ... admit it ... but keeping with the Nikkei was down about a dozen Alaska said ... um but it's up but Mobile is bringing a massive new audience here I think of my older sister she's ... over fifty ... she never would be caught dead playing at it again because the games I've ... played growing up but she still playing Angry Birds on her phone ... so that's clearly happening in in is you look at the number you know you just walk down the streets in Tokyo and see people all types all genders all ages ... playing ... playing puzzle games on the phone ... so it sort of ... it's sort of throwing people I think in terms of what ... is really going on in the game since tree in ... our view is that the most interesting part is immersive games games he'll play for a long time it's sort of like YouTube versus along for movie or a comment from versus a ... couple of long book um ... and so both have their place and both are interesting but a lot of people think that one is dying and others going up ...


text:
Introducing GreenTRIP: Building Certification for Truly Transit-Oriented, Green Development
August 31, 2011
More News & Resources:
The LISC Green Development Center, in partnership with TransForm, will hold a free webinar Sept. 28 at 2pm EDT that explores the new GreenTRIP certification program. Register here.
The Truth About MPOs
August 24, 2011
Transportation Equity Network and Gamaliel will hold a webinar Aug. 25 at 4pm EDT entitled "The Truth About Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)." This the second in a series of free monthly seminars. This webinar will cover the importance of MPOs, the ways in which current legislation shapes MPOs, and stories of actual engagement with MPOs from TEN leaders and organizers. Register here.
New Brookings Report Looks at Access to Public Transportation and Jobs Among Those Who Don't Own Cars
August 19, 2011
Yesterday, the Brookings Institution released a new report focusing on access to public transportation among those who do not own a vehicle. The report, "Transit Access and Zero-Vehicle Households," reveals that approximately 700,000 American households don't own a car and also don't have access to public transportation in their neighborhood. Over 7.5 million households do not own a car in the largest 100 metro areas, representing 10% of all households in these metro areas. To reach these and other findings, Brookings collected data from the American Community Survey and 371 transit providers that serve the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the United States. The report is a follow-up to Brookings' report on access to jobs via transit, "Missed…
TIGER Webinars On Project Readiness And Public Private Partnerships
August 18, 2011
More News & Resources:
The U.S. Department of Transportation will continue its webinar series next week. On Monday, Aug. 22, the webinar will discuss the expectations for project readiness and NEPA. On Wednesday, Aug. 24, the webinar discuss the application process, public private partnerships and credit assistance through TIFIA challenge grants in the next round of TIGER Discretionary Grants.
Healthy And Livable Community Resources
August 10, 2011
More News & Resources:
The American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) has this new resource guide on Healthy & Livable Communities. It's a good compendium of links, research studies, case studies, etc.
HUD Schedules Two Webinars To Help Grant Applicants
August 10, 2011
More News & Resources:
The Department of Housing and Urban Development's Office of Sustainable Housing and Communities (OSHC) recently issued two Notices of Funding Availability (NOFA) for their FY 2011 Community Challenge Grants Program ($95 million in grants available) and FY 2011 Sustainable Communities Regional Planning Grant Program ($28 million available). In order to help applicants, a pair of webinars have been scheduled:
Do's and Don'ts of Transit Tax Elections
August 10, 2011
More News & Resources:
The Mineta Transportation Institute has completed an analysis of the dos and don'ts of running ballot campaigns for rail transit projects. "Revisiting Factors Associated with the Success of Ballot Initiatives with a Substantial Rail Transit Component" continues previous work that reviewed transit tax elections in 11 urban areas and developed 17 community-level factors that influence the success or failure of the ballot measures.
Invitation To TIGER Webinar Series
August 9, 2011
More News & Resources:
The U.S. Department of Transportation's next webinar on the TIGER Grant process will discuss the expectations for the Benefit-Cost Analysis requirement in the next round of TIGER Discretionary Grant applications. The on-line webinar will be held from 1pm to 2:30 pm EST. There is no charge to attend, but advance registration is required. Register here.
More Connections To Jobs
August 9, 2011
More News & Resources:
We've added another piece of research to the Best Practices' growing archive of research articles showing the link between jobs and transit. "Understanding the Impacts of Transitways: How Light-Rail Transit Improves Job Access for Low-Wage Workers" is a 2010 two-page summary of research performed by Yingling Fan for the Transitway Impacts Research Program at the Center for Transportation Studies at the University of Minnesota.
Office of Sustainable Housing and Communities Webinars
August 4, 2011
More News & Resources:
The Office of Sustainable Housing and Communities (OSHC) will host webcasts on this year's Community Challenge Grants and Sustainable Communities Regional Planning Grant Program.


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The CCSU women's soccer team fell to Saint Francis (PA) (8-4-1, 5-0-0 NEC) on Friday afternoon by a score of 3-0 in Loretto, PA. With the defeat, Central's record drops to 1-10-1 (0-4-0 NEC).
Saint Francis, who as of Sept. 30 is tied for first place (with Monmouth) in the Northeast Conference, posted three shots in the first six minutes of the game, followed by another three by the 14th minute. The Blue Devils responded to the pressure, notching four shots of their own by the 16th minute. Junior Allison Kelley shot one high followed by sophomore Kerriann Welch with one that went wide. Kelley regained possession of the ball for a shot off the crossbar and senior Erin Egan sent a one over the net.
Saint Francis boasts three-time 2012 NEC Player of the Week, Tesa McKibben, who, in the 34th minute, put the first point on the board for the Red Flash with a shot from inside the left post that resulted in a dive and a miss by Central goalkeeper Nikola Deiter. The goal was the only score in the half and the teams entered the locker rooms with CCSU trailing 1-0.
The Blue Devils held strong for the first 20 minutes of the second period however, McKibben found the back of the net again in the 64th minute of play to put the Red Flash up 2-0. SFU added an insurance goal just under five minutes later to conclude scoring to the match.
The Red Flash ultimately out-shot the Blue Devils 20-8 and Deiter recorded six saves, compared to two by SFU goalie Brianna Butcher. Leading Central in shots was Welch with three followed by Kelley with two. Also shooting for the Blue Devils were freshmen Alysa Christo who posted one and Claire Walsh who registered one on goal.
Central travels to Robert Morris (0-11-2, 0-2-1 NEC) on Sunday, Oct. 7 to face the Colonials in Carnot-Moon, PA at 11 a.m.


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Last week we highlighted Juvenile Intervention & Faith-based Follow-up (JIFF), which is working with youth from in and around the juvenile justice system to equip them with the skills and support necessary to break the destructive cycle of criminal behavior. Drawing from another side of crime prevention, related to helping adolescents and adults fight drug and alcohol addiction, this week let us explore Memphis Recovery Centers.
Last week we talked about the nation's most common cause of disability, arthritis, and examined how we can help the Arthritis Foundation. This week let us look at an organization helping adolescents and adults fight drug and alcohol addiction, Memphis Recovery Centers.
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Sports Briefs 07.21.11
Ocean Swim Challenge
The Montauk Playhouse's aquatics center fund will benefit from three ocean races to be held early Saturday morning at Montauk's Kirk Park Beach. The one-half, one-mile, and two-mile races, to begin at 7:15 a.m., are to end at Ditch Plain Beach, to the east.
Contestants in the event, sponsored by Kai-Kai Sandals and overseen by the East Hampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Squad, are to make $35 donations ($25 for those under 18 on the day of the race). Participants will receive a limited-edition T-shirt designed by Peter Spacek, The Star's editorial cartoonist, and Dalton Portella.
Polo Season
The Bridgehampton Polo Club is to begin its 20-goal season at Two Trees Stables Saturday. Six teams are to contest the Monty Waterbury Cup from Saturday through Aug. 13 — White Birch, Heathcote, Equuleus, Circa, Certified, and Yellow Cab.
White Birch, whose number-three is Mariano Aguerre, a 9-goaler, won the East Coast Open in Greenwich, Conn., Sunday, defeating Heathcote 15-11. White Birch's Fred Mannix, a 6-goaler, was the final's M.V.P., and Serenata, ridden by Aguerre, was the best playing pony.
Heathcote, whose team comprises Tommy Biddle (6), Naco Taverna (6), Nick Manifold (5), and Steve Lefkowitz (0), will be in the Bracket 1 pool with White Birch and Equuleus. Circa, Certified, and Yellow Cab are in the Bracket 2 pool.
Besides Aguerre, other high-goal players in the tourney will include Tomas Garcia del Rio, an 8-goaler, of Certified, Magoo LaPrida, an 8-goaler, of Circa, and Mariano Obregon and Mariano Gonzalez, both 7-goalers, of Equuleus, and Michael Dorignac and Luis Escobar, both 7-goalers, of Yellow Cab. Games are played Saturdays at 4 p.m. White Birch and Yellow Cab are to lead it off.
Run for Ron
The East Hampton Rotary Club's Run for Ron, a 10K road race and 5K walk in memory of the late Ron Morgan, is to be held Aug. 6 at Fresh Pond Park in Amagansett, beginning at 9 a.m.
Proceeds from the event are to benefit East End Hospice and the rotary club's charities. Rob Norrby, the race chairman, has said further that "the disabled are encouraged to participate — there will be a special category for them." Norrby, whose phone number is 329-0514, and whose address is 4 North Cape Lane, East Hampton, is handling registration.
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North American Juniors Game Night: 2/19/11
Quesnel Millionaires 2 @ Penticton Vees 5
C Brendan O'Donnell, PEN: 1-1-2, 2 PIM (roughing), *Second Star*
Season totals: 58 GP, 29-43-72, 28 PIM
O'Donnell has four points (three goals) in his last two games. Both his points Saturday came in the Vees' four-goal second period.
Fargo Force 2 @ Tri-City Storm 0
C Jimmy Mullin, FGO: 0-1-1, +1, 0 PIM, 6 SOG
Season totals: 37 GP, 15-27-42, +21, 20 PIM
Mullin had the primary assist on the Force's second goal, helping Fargo bounce back from a tough loss to Lincoln Friday night with a shutout win over Tri-City Saturday. Mullin, a USHL all-star, hasn't scored in seven game and 13 of his last 14. He has 10 assists in those 14 games. He led Fargo with six shots on goal Saturday night.
Gatineau Olympiques 3 @ Chicoutimi Sagueneens 4
D Adam Janosik, GAT: 1-0-1, +1, 2 PIM (checking from behind), 2 SOG, 1 Hit
Season Totals: 49 GP, 7-20-27, +10, 30 PIM
Gatineau outshot the Sags 31-18 but lost. Janosik (pictured) is now within two goals of his career high of nine goals set last season.
Rouyn-Noranda Huskies 1 @ Montreal Juniors 7
D Charles Landry, MTL: 0-0-0, E, 0 PIM, 3 SOG, 0 Hits
Season Totals: 48 GP, 10-27-37, +21, 24 PIM
David Rose (undrafted) and Nicolas Chouinard (undrafted) both had two goals for the Juniors.
Guelph Storm 3 @ Erie Otters 8
C/W Richard Panik, GUE: Did not play (injured – sprained ankle)
With Guelph: 22 GP, 12-12-24, -6, 34 PIM
With Belleville: 27 GP, 14-17-31, E, 33 PIM
Season totals: 49 GP, 26-29-55, -6, 67 PIM
A snowman sighting in Erie. The Otters were up 8-1 at one point. Panik missed his third straight game with a sprained ankle. There is no timetable for his return.
Note: Owen Sound's game with Ottawa was postponed due to weather. It has been rescheduled for Sunday, when former Red Wing Kirk Maltby will be recognized.
Spokane Chiefs 6 @ Tri-City Americans 2
RW Carter Ashton, TC: 0-1-1, E, 5 PIM (fighting vs. Darren Kramer)
With Tri-City: 17 GP, 8-16-24, +1, 35 PIM
With Regina: 29 GP, 16-11-27, -12, 44 PIM
Season Totals: 46 GP, 24-27-51, -11, 75 PIM
TC came into the game two points behind Spokane for third in the Western Conference and three points behind Portland for first (B.C. Division leader Kelowna is seeded second). With their less-than-stellar home ice showing Saturday and Portland's win, that hole got a little deeper for TC. The Ams do have two games in hand on Portland and three on Spokane, however.
Everett Silvertips 4 @ Prince George Cougars 3
RW Brett Connolly, PG: 1-1-2, +2, 0 PIM
Season totals: 46 GP, 36-22-58, -4, 22 PIM
Everett took both games from Prince George in their weekend series. The Tips went up by two goals early and the Cougars played catch-up all night. Prince George is now tied for sixth in the West with Everett, three points up on eighth place Kamloops and seven up on ninth place Chilliwack.
Saskatoon Blades 5 @ Kootenay Ice 3
D Teigan Zahn, SAS: 0-0-0, +1, 2 PIM (cross-checking)
Season totals: 59 GP, 3-14-17, +21, 127 PIM
Kings first rounder Brayden Schenn and undrafted forward Jesse Ismond both had two goals for the Blades.
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Heat Providers/Environments 101
I've recently been experimenting with some cool new features we've added to Heat over the Havana cycle, testing things out in preparation for the Havana Release.
One potentially very powerful new abstraction is the Provider Resource method of defining nested stack resources. Combined with the new environments capability to map template resource names to non-default implementations, it provides a very flexible way for both users and those deploying Heat to define custom resources based on Heat templates.
Firstly let me clarify what nested stacks are, following on from my previous post, and why we decided to provide this native interface to the functionality, rather than something similar to the existing Cloudformation compatible resource interface.
So nested stack resources enable you to specify a URL of another heat template, which will be used to create another Heat stack, owned by the stack which defines the AWS::CloudFormation::Stack. This provides a way to implement composed Heat templates, and to reuse logically related template snippets.
The interface looks like this (using the new native HOT template syntax):
type: AWS::CloudFormation::Stack
TemplateURL: http://somewhere/something.yaml
There are several disadvantages to this interface:
- Hard-coded URLs in your template
- You have to have the nested templates accessible via a web-server somewhere
- Hard to transparently substitute different versions of the nested implementation (without sedding! ;)
- Passing Parameters is kind-of awkward (pass a nested map of parameter values)
- Does not provide a way to define resources based on stack templates.
So we noticed something, which was the interface to stack templates is essentially very similar to the interface to resources, stack parameters map to resource properties, and stack outputs map to resource attributes. Provider resources leverage this symmetry to provide a more flexible (and arguably easier to use) native interface to nested stack resources.
Ok, so how does it work! Probably the easiest explanation is a simple worked example.
Say you define a simple template, like this example in our heat-templates repo, and you want to reuse it, as a nested stack via the Providers functionality, you simply need to do this:
Define an environment
The environment is used to map resource names to templates, and optionally can be used to define common stack parameters, so that they don't need to be passed every time you create a stack.
A user may pass an environment when creating (or updating) a stack, and a global environment may also be specified by the deployer (default location is /etc/heat/environment.d), using the same syntax. The environment may override existing resources.
A user may pass an environment when creating (or updating) a stack, and a global environment may also be specified by the deployer (default location is /etc/heat/environment.d), using the same syntax. The environment may override existing resources.
The resource_registry section is used to map resource names to template files:
My::WP::Server: https://raw.github.com/openstack/heat-templates/master/hot/F18/WordPress_Native.yaml
Or you can refer to a local file (local to the user running python-heatclient, which reads the file and attaches the content to the Heat API call creating the stack in the "files" parameter of the request):
My::WP::Server: file:///home/shardy/git/heat-templates/hot/F18/WordPress_Native.yaml
There are also some other possibilities, for example aliasing one resource name to another, which are described in our documentation.
Create Stack
Now you can simply create a stack template which references My::WP::Server:
# cat minimal_test.yaml
heat_template_version: 2013-05-23
description: >
Heat WordPress template, demonstrating Provider Resource.
type: string
description : Name of a KeyPair to enable SSH access to the instance
type: My::WP::Server
key_name: {get_param: user_key}
With an environment file:
# cat env_minimal.yaml
My::WP::Server: file:///home/shardy/git/heat-templates/hot/F18/WordPress_Native.yaml
And then create the stack:
# heat stack-create test_stack1 --template-file=./minimal_test.yaml --environment-file=./env_minimal.yaml --parameters="user_key=$USER_key"
Optionally you could also specify the key via the environment too:
# cat env_key.yaml
user_key: userkey
My::WP::Server: file:///home/shardy/git/heat-templates/hot/F18/WordPress_Native.yaml
heat stack-create test_stack2 --template-file=./minimal_test.yaml --environment-file=./env_key.yaml
This would create the nested template with a key_name parameter of "userkey"
So hopefully that provides an overview of this new feature, for more info please see our documentation and we're planning to add some example Provider/Environment examples to our example template repository soon.
Finally, kudos to Angus Salkeld, who implemented the majority of this functionality, thanks Angus! :)


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1. The constitutionality of a statute is presumed, and courts must resolve all doubts in favor of its validity. It is the court's duty to uphold a statute under attack, if possible, rather than defeat it. If there is any reasonable way to construe the statute as constitutionally valid, that should be done.
2. It is fundamental that a statute cannot be applied retroactively to take away vested rights.
3. The following factors are discussed and applied in determining the effect of the retroactive application of ad valorem property tax legislation on the rights of a taxpayer to a refund: (1) the nature of the rights at stake (e.g., procedural, substantive, remedial), (2) how the rights were affected (e.g., were the rights partially or completely abolished by the legislation; was any substitute remedy provided), and (3) the nature and strength of the public interest furthered by the legislation.
4. Under the facts presented, there is no issue that at the time of the taxpayer's refund application, and before the 2003 statutory change to K.S.A. 79-213(k), the taxpayer was entitled to a refund for taxes paid on its tax-exempt property. Therefore, the taxpayer's right to a refund before the legislative change was not contingent or inchoate but fully vested.
5. Under the facts presented, the retroactive application of the 2003 amendment to K.S.A. 79-213(k) to the taxpayer's refund claim deprived the taxpayer of property without due process of law guaranteed by the United States and Kansas constitutions.
6. In mounting an equal protection challenge to K.S.A. 79-213(k), the rational basis test presents a high hurdle for a taxpayer to cross. Under the facts presented, the taxpayer has failed in its burden to demonstrate that no state of facts could reasonably be conceived of to justify retroactive application to it of K.S.A. 79-213(k) as amended in 2003.
Appeal from Board of Tax Appeals. Opinion filed July 14, 2006. Reversed.
Janet Huck Ward, Thomas R. Docking, and Richard A. Kear, of Morris, Laing, Evans, Brock & Kennedy, Chartered, of Wichita, for appellant Garden City Medical Clinic, P.A.
Linda Terrill, of Neill, Terrill & Embree, of Leawood, for appellee Finney County Board of County Commissioners.
Before ELLIOTT, P.J., JOHNSON and McANANY, JJ.
McANANY, J.: This appeal arises from proceedings before the Board of Tax Appeals (BOTA) in which the Garden City Medical Clinic (Clinic) sought relief for Finney County's erroneous taxation of the Clinic's computer applications software during 1998, 1999, and 2000. The Clinic challenges BOTA limiting its tax refund to only the year immediately preceding the year in which it filed its refund application. While we are not persuaded by the Clinic's equal protection claim, its due process claim has merit. Accordingly, we reverse.
During 1995 and 1996 the Clinic purchased computer software for use in its business. It discovered in 2002 that it had been paying taxes to Finney County on this software when it was not subject to taxation. Consequently, in November 2002, the Clinic filed with BOTA an exemption application for the years 1996 and thereafter. It also sought a refund from Finney County of taxes paid for 1998, 1999, and 2000, in the amount of $9,161.08.
The computer applications software was specifically referred to in the Clinic's application. In its recommendations and comments, a procedure mandated by K.S.A. 2003 Supp. 79-213(d), the county appraiser noted that "there is no exemption for applicational software. Applicational software has been determined by the courts to be intangible property." By this, the appraiser apparently was referring to In re Tax Protest of Strayer, 239 Kan. 136, 143, 716 P.2d 588 (1986), in which our Supreme Court determined that while operating system software is taxable tangible personal property, applications software is intangible and not subject to tax. In essence, the appraiser was asserting that the applications software, which is not subject to tax, is not the proper subject for an exemption application.
At the time the Clinic filed its application, K.S.A. 2002 Supp. 79-213(k), which applied to the 1996 tax year and thereafter, provided:
"In conjunction with its authority to grant exemptions, the board shall have the authority to abate all unpaid taxes that have accrued from and since the effective date of the exemption. In the event that taxes have been paid during the period where the subject property has been determined to be exempt, the board shall have the authority to order a refund of taxes for a period not to exceed three years." (Emphasis added.)
Finney County requested a hearing which was scheduled for August 29, 2003. In the meantime, on July 1, 2003, the legislature amended K.S.A. 79-213(k) so as to limit tax refunds to the year immediately preceding the year in which the exemption application is filed. K.S.A. 2003 Supp. 79-213(k); L. 2003, ch. 156, sec. 3. The legislature declared that this amendment applied to all applications filed after 2001. K.S.A. 2003 Supp. 79-213(n); L. 2003, ch. 156, sec. 3. This would include the Clinic's application filed in November 2002.
Following the August 2003 hearing, which Finney County did not attend, BOTA issued its order in July 2004 in which, among other things, it found (as Finney County had earlier conceded) that the Clinic's applications software constituted intangible personal property and was, therefore, exempt from taxation. However, because of the July 2003 amendment to K.S.A. 79-213(k), BOTA limited the Clinic's tax refund to the year immediately preceding the year in which the application was filed and rejected its claim for refunds for taxes paid in 1998, 1999, and 2000.
The Clinic sought reconsideration by BOTA, arguing that its retroactive application of the amended K.S.A. 79-213(k) was unlawful. When BOTA denied the motion, this appeal followed.
The Clinic claims that BOTA's retroactive application of K.S.A. 2003 Supp. 79-213(k) is an unconstitutional denial of due process and equal protection under both the Kansas and United States constitutions by eliminating its vested right to a remedy for wrongfully collected taxes and by creating an impermissible classification of taxpayers. Since BOTA did not have the authority to consider this constitutional challenge to the statute, that task now falls upon us. Since the issue is one of law, the scope of our review is unlimited. In re Tax Appeal of CIG Field Services Co., 279 Kan. 857, Syl. ¶ 3, 112 P.3d 138 (2005).
Due Process
The constitutionality of K.S.A. 79-213(k) is presumed, and we must resolve all doubts in favor of its validity. "[I]t is the court's duty to uphold a statute under attack, if possible, rather than defeat it, and if there is any reasonable way to construe the statute as constitutionally valid, that should be done." State ex rel. Stephan v. Lane, 228 Kan. 379, Syl. ¶ 1, 614 P.2d 987 (1980).
In considering this claim, we start with the fundamental rule that a statute cannot be applied retroactively to take away vested rights. Our Supreme Court has considered this issue in the context of a number of claimed rights. See Owen Lumber Co. v. Chartrand, 276 Kan. 218, 73 P.3d 753 (2003) (involved the claimed right to rely on the current statutory notice requirements in foreclosing a mechanic's lien); Resolution Trust Corp. v. Fleischer, 257 Kan. 360, 892 P.2d 497 (1995) (involved the claimed right to a cause of action in tort for breach of fiduciary duty by officers and directors of savings and loan associations); Rios v. Board of Public Utilities of Kansas City, 256 Kan. 184, 883 P.2d 1177 (1994) (involved the claimed right to have a worker's compensation appeal heard by the district court rather than the Board of Workers Compensation); Smith v. Printup, 254 Kan. 315, 866 P.2d 985 (1993) (involved the claimed right to punitive damages); Harding v. K.C. Wall Products, Inc., 250 Kan. 655, 831 P.2d 958 (1992) (involved the claimed right to assert the defense that a claim is barred by the statute of repose); Board of Greenwood County Comm'rs v. Nadel, 228 Kan. 469, 618 P.2d 778 (1980) (involved the claimed right in a judgment still subject to review); State ex rel. Schneider v. Liggett, 223 Kan. 610, 576 P.2d 221 (1978) (involved the claimed right to practice medicine without malpractice coverage); State, ex rel., v. School District, 163 Kan. 650, 185 P.2d 677 (1947) (involved the claimed right to existing school district boundaries); Brown v. City of Topeka, 146 Kan. 974, 74 P.2d 142 (1937) (involved the claimed right to an existing street name); Bowen v. Wilson, 93 Kan. 351, 14 Pac. 251 (1914) (involved the claimed right to an appeal); Wheelock v. Myers, 64 Kan. 47, 67 Pac. 632 (1902) (involved the claimed right to an existing rule of evidence).
While these and other Kansas cases have considered the possible impact of retroactive legislation on vested rights in a multitude of settings, none directly involves a taxpayer's claim of a vested right to a tax refund. There have been, however, Kansas cases involving retroactive tax legislation. In the area of property tax law, a legislative change during the pendency of property tax litigation was given retroactive effect in In re Tax Appeal of American Restaurant Operations, 264 Kan. 518, Syl. ¶ 7, 957 P.2d 473 (1998). However, in American Restaurant the taxing authority was the aggrieved party rather than the taxpayer, and the court was not called upon to consider the constitutional due process issue whether the legislation affected vested rights.
In another tax case, Board of Greenwood County Comm'rs v. Nadel, the court considered whether legislation, which retroactively gave the County the right to appeal an adverse decision, impaired the rights of the taxpayer who prevailed at trial. The Nadel court found that the legislative change was procedural rather than substantive and, therefore, did not affect the taxpayer's vested rights. 228 Kan. at 475.
While the cases routinely speak in terms of substantive versus procedural legislation and vested versus nonvested rights, the court in Fleischer instructs us to look beyond these labels and consider the following factors: "(1) the nature of the rights at stake (e.g., procedural, substantive, remedial), (2) how the rights were affected (e.g., were the rights partially or completely abolished by the legislation; was any substitute remedy provided), and (3) the nature and strength of the public interest furthered by the legislation. [Citation omitted.]" Fleischer, 257 Kan. at 369.
In Chartrand, the court noted the following by one commentator:
"'[T]he relevant factor in determining the weight to be given to the extent to which a preexisting right is abrogated is not whether the statute abolishes rights or remedies, but rather the degree to which the statute alters the legal incidents of a claim arising from a preenactment transaction; the greater the alteration of these legal incidents, the weaker is the case for the constitutionality of the statute.' Hochman, The Supreme Court and the Constitutionality of Retroactive Legislation, 73 Harv. L. Rev. 692, 711-12 (1960)." Chartrand, 276 Kan. at 223.
The Chartrand court further observed:
"[W]ithout specifically articulating so, even in the situation of remedial or procedural statutes, Kansas appellate courts have looked beyond the nature of the statute (procedural, remedial, or substantive) and examined how the rights were affected, whether there was a substitute remedy, and the public interest furthered by the legislation.
. . . .
"In each of these cases, without articulating the considerations, we have balanced the factors articulated in Fleischer by weighing the remedial or procedural nature of the statute against the determination of how rights were affected and whether any substitute remedy was provided. See Fleischer, 257 Kan. at 369." Chartrand, 276 Kan. at 225, 227.
The court in Chartrand determined that strict retroactive application of changes in the law with respect to giving notice in a mechanic's lien foreclosure case violates due process. In doing so, the court found: (1) the lien had attached and suit had been filed before the statute changed; (2) the lienholder complied with the notice requirements in effect when the foreclosure action commenced; (3) the statutory amendment did not give the lienholder a reasonable time to comply with the new notice requirement; and (4) while there were other means by which the lien creditor could collect against the property owner, the theory underlying the lien law is to charge the improved property for the cost of the improvements. 276 Kan. at 227-28.
Using the principles of Chartrand and Fleischer as a guide, we turn to the Clinic's due process claim. First, we consider the rights that were affected. It is important to note that the Clinic's claim is not founded upon aspects of the tax law that involve the availability of a tax deduction or a tax credit to the taxpayer. Here, the Clinic's right affected by the 2003 amendment to K.S.A. 79-213(k) is for reimbursement of taxes collected by the County on property that was not subject to taxation. This distinguishes this case from the facts presented in United States v. Carlton, 512 U.S. 26, 129 L. Ed. 2d 22, 114 S. Ct. 2018 (1994), which we will discuss later. The Clinic's right to a refund under existing law was conceded by the County at the outset of the proceedings, which predated the 2003 amendment to K.S.A. 79-213(k). The Clinic's entitlement to relief prior to the amendment was based on uncontested facts.
Next, we examine how those rights were affected. In November 2002, when the Clinic applied for a refund, the law permitted a refund of taxes wrongfully collected for a period of up to 3 years. The July 2003 amendment restricted the refund to the year immediately preceding the year in which the application was filed; in this case, limiting the Clinic's refund to 2001.
The Board of County Commissioners argues that when confronted with an improper tax assessment on nontaxable property, the Clinic could have avoided its current problem by paying the taxes under protest. We fail to understand how this could have happened under the facts presented. The error in the assessment was not uncovered until 2002. The improper tax collections began in 1996. The taxes had long since been paid when the error was uncovered. Once the taxes were paid, the die was cast and the only available manner for redress was the Clinic's refund application. K.S.A. 79-213(k) in effect at the time clearly provided for relief in the form of a refund for taxes paid on exempt property for a period not to exceed 3 years. With the 2003 amendment of K.S.A. 79-213(k), the Clinic's claims for the years preceding 2001 were taken from it. Thus, its right to reimbursement for taxes collected for those years was abolished with no substitute remedy provided.
Finally, we must consider the nature and strength of the public interest furthered by this amendment to the statute. As noted in Carlton:
"'Provided that the retroactive application of a statute is supported by a legitimate legislative purpose furthered by rational means, judgments about the wisdom of such legislation remain within the exclusive province of the legislative and executive branches . . . . '" 512 U.S. at 30-31.
Carlton is instructive on the issue of the public policy considerations that may support retroactive application of a statute. Neither party suggests any public policy or legislative purpose that the retroactive application of the changes in K.S.A. 79-213(k) was designed to accomplish. Our own research of the legislative history discloses no stated purpose for the retroactive aspect of the amendment. While we can speculate about a possible rationale, an exercise that is wholly appropriate in considering an equal protection challenge, we engage in no such speculation in considering the Clinic's claim of a denial of due process.
The facts in Carlton highlight the marked differences between the tax issue there and the issue now before us. The 1986 Tax Reform Act was at the focus of Carlton. In order to promote employee ownership, Congress created a new estate tax deduction for the sale of shares of stock to an employee stock ownership plan (ESOP). Congress estimated the new deduction would cause a $300 million loss in estate tax revenue over a 5-year period. Congress soon realized, however, that it had underestimated the loss in tax revenue by a magnitude of 20 times. Further, it discovered that the deduction had erroneously not been limited to stock owned by the decedent at the time of death. Consequently, it retroactively amended the law in 1987 to require that stock sold to an ESOP must have been owned by the decedent before death.
In the meantime, the executor of Carlton's estate used estate funds to purchase over $11 million in stock of MCI Communications Corp. The executor sold the shares 2 days later for a $631,000 loss for the sole purpose of generating a deduction for the estate. The executor calculated that the tax deduction from the transaction would be worth more to the estate than the $631,000 loss on the stock sale.
The Court in Carlton concluded that Congress properly acted to correct what it reasonably viewed as a mistake in the original law that would have created a significant and unanticipated revenue loss. 512 U.S. at 35. No comparable remedial effort or concern is shown in the record or the legislative history of the amendment to K.S.A. 79-213(k). While we defer to the legislature on matters of economic and fiscal policy, there is no clear and compelling policy behind the 2003 amendment to K.S.A. 79-213(k) that warrants the extinguishment of the Clinic's right to a refund for taxes assessed and collected on property not subject to taxation. As stated by our Supreme Court in Fleischer: "In the case at bar, as in Thorp, there does not appear to be a compelling public interest in retroactivity." 257 Kan. at 374. As in Fleischer, we find no such compelling public interest here.
Further, K.S.A. 2003 Supp. 79-213(k) presents a situation different from that found in Taxpayers United v. Detroit, 196 Mich. App. 463, 493 N.W.2d 463 (1992). In the Detroit case the Michigan Legislature enacted a utility users tax which expired in 1988. When the constitutionality of the tax was challenged, the court ultimately determined in 1990 that the tax was constitutional in all respects. In response to this decision, the legislature in 1990 enacted a new version of the tax and declared it to be retroactively effective from 1988 when the former tax expired. When taxpayers challenged the retroactive application of this new legislation on constitutional grounds, the Michigan Court of Appeals concluded:
"Plaintiffs cannot argue the utility users tax was unanticipated. The tax had been collected for nearly twenty years before the time now being contested, and was, in fact, collected throughout the pendency of this suit. Moreover, because the tax was assessed upon a relatively essential utility service, it is improbable plaintiffs would have significantly changed their usual consumption because of the tax. Plaintiffs were not assessed a retroactive fee for engaging in a voluntary act they might have foregone had they been aware of the tax. [Citation omitted.]" 196 Mich. App. at 468.
Unlike the retroactively applied utilities tax in Detroit, the 2003 amendment to K.S.A. 79-213(k) was not a retroactive "back-filling" of a gap in an otherwise uninterrupted scheme of taxation. It did not serve to maintain the status quo ante as in Detroit. To the contrary, it changed the status quo ante by limiting for the first time the tax refund period that had been a part of the statute since its inception in 1980.
Our review of cases from other jurisdictions shows a wide variety of approaches and outcomes. We find most persuasive the approach taken in Arizona. In Rio Rico Properties, Inc. v. Santa Cruz County, 172 Ariz. 80, 834 P.2d 166 (1992), the assessor's list of personal property upon which it imposed its tax was incorrect. The taxpayer brought an action to recover the wrongfully assessed and collected taxes pursuant to Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 11-506, which provided for refunds for erroneous assessments. The legislature then amended the statute to retroactively modify the definition of an erroneous assessment so as to now impair the taxpayer's claim. The court noted:
"'[A] right vests only when it is actually assertable as a legal cause of action or defense or is so substantially relied upon that retroactive divestiture would be manifestly unjust.' [Citation omitted]. Once the taxpayer makes his claim against the county as provided in the statute, assuming all of the predicate facts are true, the taxpayer is entitled to a refund. The Court holds that the Taxpayers' right to a refund pursuant to 11-506 vests when the claim against the County is made." Rio Rico, 172 Ariz. at 90.
In dealing with an issue that is frequently raised by taxing authorities in these cases, the court in Rio Roco observed:
"The Counties and the Department have argued that a person cannot have a vested right in a tax or in the absence of a tax. Therefore, says the Government, no one can have a vested right in any benefit from [Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann.] § 11-506. [Ariz. Rev. Stat. Ann.] § 11-506 does not define or impose a tax. It provides a right to a refund for money collected as a tax which never should have been collected at all. The Court holds that the right to such a refund may become a vested right." Rio Rico, 172 Ariz. at 90-91.
In the present case, when the Clinic filed its claim, the predicate fact that its applications software was not subject to tax was true, and the County conceded this in its response. Further, as in Rio Rico, we are confronted with a statute that does not define or impose a tax. "It provides a right to a refund for money collected as a tax which never should have been collected at all." 172 Ariz. at 91.
This Arizona statute was challenged again in S & R Properties v. Maricopa County, 178 Ariz. 491, 875 P.2d 150 (1993). The court held that the right to a refund created by the statute was similar to a right to collect damages and thus was substantive rather than procedural. The amendment to the statute worked a substantive change in the law which would impair vested rights if applied retroactively. In analyzing the vested rights issue, the court concluded that under the statute the mere filing of a refund application did not create a vested right since
"the right is contingent upon verification of an erroneous assessment by the DOR. That verification may not occur. On the other hand, if the County processes a refund claim and the DOR verifies that the tax was paid on an erroneous assessment, the taxpayers will have a vested substantive right to a refund. [Citation omitted]." 178 Ariz. at 499.
K.S.A. 2003 Supp. 79-213(k) differs in detail from the Arizona statute. Nonetheless, the principle remains the same. The Clinic sought a tax exemption for its applications software and a refund for taxes improperly assessed and collected. The County conceded at the time, and well before the amendment to K.S.A. 79-213(k), that under existing Kansas law announced in Tax Protest of Strayer, the applications software was not subject to tax. Thus, there was no issue that at the time of the Clinic's application, and before the statutory change, the Clinic was entitled to a refund for taxes paid on this tax-exempt property. Therefore, the Clinic's right to a refund before the legislative change was not contingent or inchoate but fully vested at the time it filed its application and before the change to K.S.A. 79-213(k).
The State may not enact legislation which deprives a person of property without due process of law guaranteed by the United States and Kansas constitutions. The retroactive application of the amendment to K.S.A. 79-213(k) to the Clinic's refund claim violates this right.
Equal Protection
Finally, the Clinic argues K.S.A. 2003 Supp. 79-213(k) is unconstitutional as applied because it classifies taxpayers into two groups based entirely on the status of the taxpayers without consideration of property.
In In re Tax Appeal of Sprint Communications Co., 278 Kan. 690, 101 P.3d 1239 (2004), five telecommunication companies sought refunds for taxes paid on the purchase of telecommunication equipment. The issue was whether the equipment was to be used to manufacture tangible personal property for resale, thereby rendering it exempt from taxation, or to provide a service which is subject to tax. BOTA determined that the equipment was used to render a service and was, therefore, subject to tax. The taxpayers claimed that BOTA's denial of an exemption violated the Equal Protection Clause because similarly used equipment in the hands of electric utility companies was exempt from taxation. In concluding that the taxpayers failed to meet their burden of establishing an equal protection violation, the court set forth the applicable standards enumerated in In re Tax Appeal of Alsop Sand Co., Inc., 265 Kan. 510, 522, 962 P.2d 435 (1998):
"'Equal protection is implicated when a statute treats "arguably indistinguishable" classes of people differently. . . .' Syl. ¶ 3.
"'The rational basis standard (sometimes referred to as the reasonable basis test) applies to laws which result in some economic inequality. Under this standard, a law is constitutional, despite some unequal classification of citizens, if the classification bears a reasonable relationship to a valid legislative objective.' Syl. ¶ 4.
"'The reasonable basis test is violated only if the statutory classification rests on grounds wholly irrelevant to the achievement of the State's legitimate objective. The state legislature is presumed to have acted within its constitutional power, even if the statute results in some inequality. Under the reasonable basis test, a statutory discrimination will not be set aside if any state of facts reasonably may be conceived to justify it.' Syl. ¶ 5.
. . . .
"'In taxation, even more than in other fields, legislatures possess the greatest freedom in classification.' Syl. ¶ 7." (Emphasis added.)
The rational basis test for an equal protection challenge is a high hurdle for the Clinic to cross. The Clinic must negate all possible facts which could reasonably be conceived of to justify the retroactive application of the statute. As noted earlier, there is no legislative history which identifies a public policy rationale that supports retroactive application of the amendments to this statute in the face of a due process challenge. However, under the rational basis test we can conceive of a reasonable basis (such as limiting a County's exposure to liability for repayment of taxes from earlier years which may have already been spent) that could justify retroactive application of the statute in the face of an equal protection challenge. Thus, the Clinic has failed in its burden to demonstrate that no state of facts could reasonably be conceived of to justify retroactive application to it of K.S.A. 79-213(k) as amended in 2003.
State ex rel. Stephan v. Parrish, 257 Kan. 294, 891 P.2d 445 (1995), which the Clinic relies upon, does not help its cause since it is distinguishable based upon the clear lack of any conceivable rational basis for the classification of taxpayers. There, the court was confronted with legislation which afforded tax amnesty for certain taxpayers in Leavenworth County who failed to report and pay taxes on personal property. The court concluded:
"[T]he determination of the constitutionality of §14 is one of equal protection and fundamental fairness as required by the Kansas Constitution. Section 14 is an unreasonable grant of a tax amnesty or 'window of opportunity' based solely on a characteristic or status of the taxpayer rather than upon appropriate classification of the property. Taxpayers are divided into two classes, those who honestly reported their property for taxation or those who, for whatever reason, did not report their property for taxation or underreported the property if returned. The latter group are granted freedom from taxation and statutory penalties, while the former group is not. Such discrimination, when judged against the taxation guidelines, is arbitrary and lacks the rational basis necessary to be constitutional." 257 Kan. at 311.
Unlike the special tax legislation in Parrish, we can reasonably conceive of a legislative state interest that the 2003 amendment to K.S.A. 79-213(k) could be designed to achieve. Though the application of the 2003 amendment to K.S.A. 79-213(k) to the Clinic violated its right to due process, it did not violate its right to the equal protection of the law.


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It's never a good thing to be the subject of a grand jury investigation. It's much worse to be the subject of two of them.
Former Patriots tight end Aaron Hernandez, who already has been indicted by a Bristol County grand jury for the June 2013 murder of Odin Lloyd, continues to be the focal point of a Suffolk County grand jury investigating the July 2012 murders of Safiro Furtado and Daniel Abreu.
Via the Associated Press, a pair of men connected to Hernandez have been ordered to testify before the grand jury.
Alexander Bradley, who has sued Hernandez in Florida for a February 2013 shooting, has failed to appear at a hearing regarding the question of whether he should testify, prompting a judge to issue an arrest warrant. Bradley testified earlier this year before the grand jury that was investigating Lloyd's death.
The judge also ordered John Alcorn to appear Thursday before the grand jury. Per the AP, Alcorn is related to Thaddeus Singleton III, the late husband of Hernadez's cousin, Tanya. Thaddeus died in a car accident in June, and Tanya continues to be held without bail after refusing to testify in the grand jury that was investigating Lloyd's death.
Published reports have indicated that the Suffolk County grand jury is exploring whether Hernandez killed Furtado and Abreu. The judge's orders regarding Bradley and Alcorn make the connection as clear as it could be.


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Rowland Community Day School tries to get students back on track. But when it comes to safety, the school wants students to stay away from nearby railroad tracks.
The steel rails run right through the middle of Rowland and Hacienda Heights. These busy mainlines carry vital freight, as well as passenger trains.
Traffic halts when the long freight trains rumble alongside Valley Boulevard. Motorists are often tempted to rush through these intersections before the warning arms have completely lowered.
"What does the average motorist do when they see the crossing guard coming down?" asked Ron Garcia, a safety spokesman for Operation Lifesaver. "They speed up to sneak through before the train comes!"
Garcia was one of the speakers who spoke to the Rowland students on April 1.
As a locomotive engineer with more than a decade of experience with BNSF Railroad, Garcia knows firsthand what happens when the train beats the car through the intersection.
"By the time an engineer sees your car on the track, it's already too late to stop the train. I hit a work van once and had a near-miss another time," said Garcia, who used to drive trains between Los Angeles and Barstow.
The safety spokesman noted that a freight train traveling at 55 mph will take a mile or more to stop. And an eight-car passenger train traveling at 79 mph will also take more than a mile to come to a complete halt.
See the whole story in the Rowland Heights Highlander.


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Indoor Track & Field Enjoys Record-Setting Weekendby Brent Harris • February 13, 2011 Share:
Matt Scheller and Sean Hildebrand each set new Wabash indoor track and field school records during a busy weekend of competition for the Little Giants. Jake Waterman and the distance medley relay team also set NCAA provisional national championship qualifying marks.
Scheller (left) topped his own two-year-old school record in the shot put with his effort on Friday night at the Hoosier Hills Invitational at Indiana University. The Wabash senior posted a mark of 14.50 meters (47 feet, 7 inches) to easily outdistance his old record of 14.14 meters (46 feet, 4.75 inches). Scheller's throw place him 11th in the final standings while competing against Division I scholarship athletes.
Hildebrand broke the year-old record in the 60-meter dash, finishing in 7.25 in his preliminary heat. That eclipsed the mark of Emmanuel Aouad of 7.38 set last season. Hildebrand's time was not quick enough to earn him a place in the finals against the highly-competitive field.
Seth Einterz and Justin Allen ran to top-five finishes in the 3,000-meter run. Einterz took second place with a time of 8:37.29, while Allen was fifth after crossing the finish line in 8:41.14.
The Little Giants' distance medley relay team of Donavan White, John Haley, Jake Waterman, and Kevin McCarthy combined for a time of 10:08.91 to win the event on Friday evening. That time is quick enough to earn a provisional qualifying spot at the upcoming NCAA Division III Indoor Track and Field National Championship meet.
Waterman and McCarthy returned on Saturday to compete in the 800-meter and mile runs. Waterman posted his own individual provisional qualifying mark for nationals by finishing with a time of 1:53.31 in the 800. McCarthy ran a 4:16.30 in the mile.
The bulk of the Wabash team competed in Saturday's DePauw Invitational in Greencastle, finishing in a tie for seventh in the overall standings out of 21 teams. Junior Donavan White posted the best finish for the Little Giant team, winning the 3,000-meter run with a time of 8:56.01. Teammate Corey McFarland took fourth place after finishing with a time of 9:15.00.
Freshman Charles Smothers and sophomore Vann Hunt earned spots in the finals of the 55-meter dash. Smothers finished second overall with a time of 6.61, while Hunt grabbed seventh place after running a 6.73. Sophomore Matt Knox took third in the pole vault, clearing 4.30 meters (14 feet, 1.25 inches). Joel Beier added a sixth-place finish in the shot put with a mark of 14.36 meters (47 feet, 1.50 inches).


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Adam Levine 'Flattered' Over Jennifer Love Hewitt's Statement
We all know Jennifer Love Hewitt has it bad for Maroon 5 frontman Adam Levine. The 'Moves Like Jagger' singer has finally gotten around to acknowledging her affections. Is there a potential love connection in the works?
We wouldn't put our money on it just yet. Levine spoke with Access Hollywood regarding Hewitt's outspoken crush. "It's very, very flattering," Levine said. "It's very flattering and very sweet and it was lovely to hear … But I'm not going to let it get to my head."
We think that's a smart move on the part of 'The Voice' coach. Hewitt is pretty much a serial dater (in a recent interview, she admitted to wearing vanilla extract to attract men — really?!) and can come across as a bit desperate in interviews. She begged Ellen Degeneres to call Levine (Degeneres wound up not actually having his number) and gushed about him nonstop.
Levine may not be ready for a rebound from his breakup with Victoria's Secret supermodel Anne V just yet. Sources say that Levine was "heartbroken… He wasn't even fully sure they were really broken up."
Additionally, the rocker is probably too busy to be tied down right now anyway. Maroon 5′s latest, 'Overexposed,' hits shelves June 26, and he has coaching duties on 'The Voice' and a role on the upcoming season of 'American Horror Story' to keep himself occupied in the meantime. We think he's doing just fine on his own!


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History of Vacheron ConstantinVacheron Constantin is the worlds oldest watch manufacturer still in production today. Their commitment to century old craftsmanship, combined with a passion for innovation has resulted in a tradition of simple yet elegant wristwatch design. The company's history dates back to 1755 when Jean-Marc Vacheron opened his watch-making workshop in Geneva Switzerland. However, it wasn't until 1819 that his grandson, Jaques-Barthélemy, teamed up with Francois Constantin to create "Vacheron et Constantin." Today, watch aficionados everywhere know the brand's iconic Maltese Cross logo, which was inspired by a component of the engine used for limiting the tension within the mainspring.
The Vacheron Constantin Historiques Ultra Fine 1968 Rose Gold 43043/000R-9592 watch is authentic, brand new, and shipped to you complete with box and original paperwork unless otherwise stated. Become one of our thousands of satisfied customers and purchase your Vacheron Constantin Historiques Ultra Fine 1968 Rose Gold 43043/000R-9592 watch from Philippe's with total satisfaction. A Philippe's Watches guarantee is included with every new Vacheron Constantin Historiques Ultra Fine 1968 Rose Gold 43043/000R-9592 watch for secure, risk-free online shopping. Philippe's Watches does not charge sales tax for the Vacheron Constantin Historiques Ultra Fine 1968 Rose Gold 43043/000R-9592 watch unless shipped within the state of California. Philippe's Watches is a top-rated watch dealer with 1000s of satisfied internet customers that also frequent our EBAY and retail store located in Beverly Hills, California. We have been dealing with high-end timepieces for 20+ years and pride ourselves on customer satisfaction and repeat business.
We are sure you will be pleased with your purchase - feel free to contact us at any time. (310) 278-2715.


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FeedBurner has acquired the blog analytics provider BlogBeat in an interesting move which can only be described as good news for users.
FeedBurner has become the de-facto choice for understanding feed subscriptions for at least the last 6 months, possibly the last year.
When FeedFlare was launched, the FeedBurner service became even more compelling, and now with the BlogBeat acquisition, it sounds like the statistical picture generated for users will be even more comprehensive.
The FeedBurner blog post can be found here, there is an interview with Steve Olechowski (FeedBurner) and Jeff Turner (BlogBeat) here, and there's some more (humorous) information at the BlogBeat website as well.


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eXample Consulting Group's "Strategy and Analytics" Public programs benefit professionals who wish to acquire competencies in "Strategic Thinking and Action", create and implement customer and business centric performance measurement and management programs leveraging world class frameworks namely Strategic Management, Net Promoter Score (NPS), Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and Predictive Business and Data Analytic models.
> Balanced scorecard concept and origin
> Introduction to performance management and measurement
> Definitions
> BSC – Purpose, Drivers and Differentiators
> Sample BSC performance measures
Balanced Scorecard Design
> Develop Strategic Themes and Strategic Results
> Develop Strategic Objectives and strategic success drivers
> Strategy mapping
> Derive Strategic Performance Measures, Targets, and Thresholds
> Develop Strategic Initiatives
> Define Criteria for Selecting Initiatives
Balanced Scorecard Implementation
> Implementation issues
> Aligning strategy and processes throughout the organization
> Collect, verify and validate performance data
> Software options for managing performance information
> Developing the communication plan
> Cascading the scorecard
> Employee motivation
> Linking strategy to resource decisions
Enterprise Performance Management Integration
> Integration with EMS
> Best practices
> Linking performance to rewards
> Scorecard roll out, training and change management
> Conclusion
Assessment and Feedback
Program Delivery
The program shall be conducted in an immensely practical manner through examples, illustrations, case studies, games, group work, data analysis and Q&A sessions with sharp focus on business results driven competency development. It shall also leverage eXampleCG's standardized and world class Strategy Management, Scorecards and Analytics templates to impart structured, hand-on, practical and implementation driven competencies to the participants.
For more information, visit http://www.examplecg.com/balanced-scorecard.html
For queries >> Click-to-Call


text:
3 remain in hospital after Legacy Parkway crash
11/24/2012 9:16amThree people injured in a two-car collision on Thanksgiving remained hospitalized Saturday, but their conditions were expected to improve.
Utah women rewarded for work in community
11/24/2012 3:22pmZions Bank has selected three Utah women to receive its 2012 Smart Women Grants.
Bluffdale development to potentially house 1,900 homes
11/24/2012 8:48pmA new big scale master planned community is about to be built at the south end of the Salt Lake Valley and the builders say Utah's housing market is making a turn for the better.
Avoiding holiday theft: tips for shoppers
11/24/2012 8:49pmAs soon as holiday shopping begins each year, crime rates go up.
To save jobs, property tax increase necessary, Corroon says
11/24/2012 9:07pmMultiple tax and fee increases are on the table as Salt Lake Country tries to address an ongoing structural imbalance of $33 million, county leaders said Tuesday.
In note, Greg Peterson claims innocence; DA upholds case against him
11/24/2012 10:01pmA few weeks after a GOP activist who had been charged with raping several women was found dead in his cabin, his suicide note was released to the public.
Routine traffic stop nabs alleged murderer
11/24/2012 10:18pmAt nearly the same time police found out about a shooting death, a traffic stop turned escape led to the arrest of the alleged killer.
After San Juan High suspected arson, a drive to rebuild
11/24/2012 10:19pmAfter a fire destroyed the media center at San Juan High School Nov. 17 and damaged three classrooms, those with ties to the school have united to overcome what they call a "devastating" tragedy.
Woman arrested for violent attack on roommate
11/24/2012 10:20pmA woman has been booked into jail following an argument with her roommate that turned violent.
Shoppers support local economy for Small Business Saturday
11/24/2012 10:21pmSaturday, Utah shoppers turned out to support small businesses.
Chopper 5 delivers Santa to Winter Fest
11/24/2012 10:46pmFor the Wiley family of Stansbury Park, coming to see Santa Claus at the Valley Fair Mall is an annual holiday tradition that began when their oldest, 13-year-old Hunter, was just a baby.
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Totally enclosed fan cooled (TEFC) enclosure has no vent openings, and is tightly enclosed to prevent the free exchange of air, but is not airtight. An external fan is an integral part of the motor and provides cooling by blowing air around the outside frame of the motor. Suitable for use where exposed to dirt or dampness, but NOT very moist or hazardous (explosive) locations.
NEMA C face mount has machined face with a pilot on the shaft end which allows direct mounting with a pump or other direct coupled equipment. Bolts pass through mounted part to threaded hole in the motor face.
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So last month Katie from Sew Woodsy sent me a link for Creating with the Stars from East Coast Creative and suggested I enter. I read the gist:
"CWTS is the ultimate creative DIY competition that pairs 12 contestants with 12 of blogland's biggest stars to duke it out over 4 weeks. Only one team will make it to the end to claim the Grand Prize."
You can win gift cards from cool places like Homegoods and Home Depot and Martha Stewart and work with some really successful and creative bloggers. Sounds cool enough. And who wouldn't like a Homegoods gift card? After a couple days of procrastinating (and doubting I had a project that was good enough), I entered my DIY Herringbone Metallic Artwork... and then realized I was entry number 223. Haha... I don't have a shot in the world at making this. I'm small peanuts and these people are professionals. Occasionally I'd venture back and see all of the stunning projects that were submitted. The total grew to 361 entries.
Fast forward to this morning. March 1st. Sitting at a light in front of my building for work (the longest light in the universe) I checked my facebook on my phone. Saw that the winners were announced and scrolled through their pictures ... not expecting to recognize anyone... when all of a sudden my face was staring back at me.
Holy mother of crafting! Never in a million billion years did I ever think I would ever be chosen for Creating with the Stars. I've entered creative/craft/blog contests before, and was never chosen or even mentioned for that matter. The disappointment was expected. I think my heart jumped out of my chest and I may have screamed a little. (This is why I could never win the lotto... I think I might go into cardiac arrest at the news... though I'm willing to risk it).
I am so


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n. - Three, considered collectively; three in company or acting together; a set of three; three united. 2
n. - A composition for three parts or three instruments. 2
n. - The secondary, or episodical, movement of a minuet or scherzo, as in a sonata or symphony, or of a march, or of various dance forms; -- not limited to three parts or instruments. 2
The word "trio" uses 4 letters: I O R T.
Direct anagrams of trio:
riot roti tiro tori
Words formed by adding one letter before or after trio (in bold), or to iort in any order:
a - ratio b - orbit c - toric d - droit g - griot trigo i - torii l - lirot triol n - intro nitro s - riots rotis tiros torsi trios trois
Shorter words found within trio:
it or ort rot ti to tor
List shorter words within trio, sorted by length
Words formed from any letters in trio, plus an optional blank or existing letter
List all words starting with trio, words containing trio or words ending with trio
All words formed from trio by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: tr ri io
Browse words starting with trio by next letter
Previous word in list: trinucleotides
Next word in list: triode
Some random words: ependyma oubliette uintahite dhobi apoenzyme wakanda lyard
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text: Farm Bill Moves to House after Senate Panel Approval May 15, 2013 03:37 AM Tweet TAGS: Marketing, Overseas December 18, 2014 By Bloomberg Email The U.S. House Agriculture Committee will debate legislation today to reauthorize farm programs, a day after the Senate panel approved a version that will cost $955 billion over 10 years. The Senate bill would cut $24.4 billion in spending in the next decade by trimming $4 billion from food stamps, the biggest USDA program, $17 billion in farm subsidies and $3.6 billion in environmental programs the Congressional Budget Office reported. Crop insurance, which is making record payouts after last year's drought, would rise by $5 billion. The full Senate will take up the bill next week, said Senator Debbie Stabenow, the Michigan Democrat who heads the committee. "There are significant reforms and consolidations" that save money, Stabenow said yesterday after the committee voted 15-5 for the measure. "I am absolutely confident we will have a strong vote" in the Senate for a new law, she said. The Senate's version includes $6.4 billion eliminated through mandatory budget cuts known as sequestration that took effect March 1. Crop subsidies benefiting buyers such as Archer- Daniels-Midland Co. and food stamps subsidizing purchases at Supervalu Inc. are targets for lawmakers seeking to trim the deficit. The House committee's plan would cost $940 billion over a decade. 2012 Failure Lawmakers are seeking to pass a bill after failing to renew farm policy last year. The Senate passed legislation last year by a vote of 64-35 that included the first major reductions in farm aid since 1996. The measure died in the House, where Republican leaders wanted deeper cuts to food stamps. The current law, passed in 2008, was extended until Sept. 30. House Majority Leader Eric Cantor, Virginia Republican, said he plans floor action bu August, giving both parties time to negotiate a final package before current law expires. Senate and House committee leaders have said they'll end a program that pays growers of corn, rice and other major crops regardless of market prices, and use some of the savings to insure revenues in less-profitable years. Food stamps also will be cut, with the House proposing more than $20 billion in reductions. The House and Senate proposals would each also expand crop insurance and introduce some form of "shallow loss" protection for farmers with revenue reductions not covered by indemnities. Government-subsidized crop insurance sold by Wells Fargo & Co., Ace Ltd. and others have soared to records, galvanizing groups fighting for less farm aid. Record Drought Indemnities for last year's Corn Belt drought, the worst since the 1930s, are at $17.1 billion so far, according to the government. Committee members differed on how payments should be distributed. Senator Pat Roberts of Kansas, the top Republican on the committee last year, disagreed with successor Thad Cochran of Mississippi over provisions setting floor prices for commodities, which were added this year to satisfy lawmakers from the South. It's "beyond frustrating" the Senate last year passed a bill without target prices and is now approving "a rear-view bill" that continues obsolete policies and may bring challenges before the World Trade Organization, Roberts said. Under a recent trade case, the U.S. is paying $147 million a year to Brazilian cotton farmers in a temporary settlement of a case over U.S. policies that support the fiber. "The WTO stove is hot," said Roberts, who voted against the bill. "We should not reach out to touch it again." Food Stamps Republicans unsuccessfully sought larger cuts to food stamp funding. "The Americans who rely on" the aid "are not nameless, faceless people looking for a handout," said Senator Kirsten Gillibrand of New York, the lone Democrat to oppose the bill. "They are children, hard-working adults, struggling seniors, veterans, active duty troops and the families that stand by them. That's who suffers in this callous political fight." Lawmakers adopted a measure from Senator Heidi Heitkamp, a North Dakota Democrat, to allow planting of alfalfa and clover on conservation lands to aid honeybee farmers. One-third of bee colonies collapsed this year, according to the government. Total U.S. honey production from bees was valued at $290 million in 2012, according to the USDA. North Dakota leads the nation with $64 million in honey production. Read more farm bill coverage. Back to news


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(CNN) -- The investigation of the E. coli outbreak linked to Nestle Toll House cookie dough is nearly over, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The cause of the contamination has not been identified.
Nestle recalled all its Toll House refrigerated cookie dough products made at a Danville, Virginia, plant.
David Acheson, the FDA's associate commissioner for foods, says the samples of cookie dough his agency has tested do not contain the E. coli strain that sickened 74 people in 32 states.
On June 19, Nestle recalled all its Toll House refrigerated cookie dough products made at a Danville, Virginia, plant. Thirty-four people have been hospitalized; no deaths have been reported. The CDC reports that the majority of the patients were teenage girls who reported eating the cookie dough raw.
Last month, the FDA found E. coli in a production sample of Toll House cookie dough, but after testing, investigators found that the strain in the sample did not match the outbreak strain.
"We are still in speculation mode," Acheson said, but the E. coli "most likely came from raw ingredients" such as flour.
The E.coli strain that caused the outbreak, 0157:H7, is typically found in fecal contamination from animals such as cows, sheep or goats. Acheson points out that it's not unusual for those animals to be carrying more than one strain of the bacteria. But he believes that the root cause of the contamination may never be known.
"We have to conclude we're unlikely to have a definitive determination," he said.
Most people with E. coli 0157:H7 experience diarrhea and abdominal cramps within eight days of infection.
The FDA notified Nestle USA on Thursday that its investigation at the Danville plant was over.
Nestle says FDA inspectors were at the plant for more than a week and found no E. coli on equipment. More than 1,000 tests have been conducted at the facility after the outbreak.
"We've dismantled the production line and done extensive testing on all equipment and not found any E. coli," Nestle USA spokeswoman Laurie MacDonald said.
MacDonald announced that Nestle is easing back into production at the plant. The company has purchased new lots of eggs, flour and margarine and says it is thoroughly testing the new products and all raw ingredients.
Consumers will have to wait to see cookie dough back in grocery stores.
"You're not going to see anything on the shelves for quite some time," MacDonald said. But when it does appear, the company will mark the cookie dough with a new label that clearly designates it as a new batch.
It will also continue to carry a reminder to not eat the dough raw.
All About Centers for Disease Control and Prevention • Food and Drug Administration


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The Chick Evans Scholarship is a full tuition and housing college scholarship for golf caddies. Evans Scholars are selected based on their strong caddie record, excellent grades, outstanding character and demonstrated financial need. In addition to these criteria, we are a group of people connected by our sense of pride, determination and community.
As you browse through our website, you'll see the personal achievements of the Indiana University Evans Scholars and Alumni. We were brought together by our academic and leadership skills, but we remain connected in our daily lives through group living and the unique sense of community the Evans Scholarship fosters, even after we've been handed our diplomas.


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Burberry Slim Fit Double-breasted Herringbone Wool Suit
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A slim-fit suit in a subtly textured Scottish-woven herringbone pinstripe wool. The Italian-made suit comprises a fitted jacket and narrow straight leg trousers. The jacket has a half-canvas construction with several layers of natural horsehair. Expertly cut and shaped, the canvas creates a structured chest, soft lapel roll and a tailored collar. Featuring a sharp crease to the leg, the flat front trousers have concealed hook, bar and zip closures and unfinished hems. Outer: 100% wool Undercollar: 69% wool, 31% viscose Jacket and sleeve lining: 100% cupro Trouser lining: 100% viscose Buttons: buffalo horn Double-breasted closure Peak lapels Melton undercollar Chest welt pocket, flap pockets Internal button-through pockets Double back vent Trouser side adjusters Side pockets, back button-through pockets Specialist dry clean Made in Italy Trouser hems and jacket sleeves can be altered using our in-store service. Please see FAQs for details.
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DUBLIN — She is a soccer mom with an MBA and a knack for numbers. Now Megan Rouse is the newest Dublin school board member.
Rouse was appointed to a Dublin Unified School District vacancy last week after she and her supporters pitched her as a candidate good with numbers, people, speaking clearly and listening to others.
Rouse, 41, runs her own financial planning business after working for years as an analyst, technical writer and manager for banking and investment firms. The mother of two soccer-playing children, Rouse has served as a volunteer and leader in several school, preschool, community and youth groups. She has served as chair of the Dublin Elementary School site council, which serves as a bridge between teachers, administrators, parents and the community.
"Megan is levelheaded and willing to listen to other people's points of view," said Joan Nolan, one of eight people who spoke on her behalf to the school board. "Her financial and management skills will make her a good board member." Board members said her experience in financial management would be valuable in helping manage a school district in an era of recovery from years of state budget cutbacks.
"I think she will hit the ground running," said Amy Miller, the school board member who was the first to declare her support for Rouse before the board voted 4-0 to pick her over the other finalist, Regina Hancher.
When asked how she would help the district respond to the need for change, Rouse said, "I will listen, learn and then lead."
Rouse grew up in the Washington, D.C. area, earned an undergraduate degree in physics and math at Smith College and received an MBA at UC Berkeley. She moved to Dublin 15 years ago.
After working with many school and community groups, Rouse said, she felt she could make more of a difference by serving on the board that oversees public education for some 5,500 students.
"I believe in the school district's mission that every student should be a lifelong learner," she told the board.
Rouse praised the school district's performance. When asked in the meeting what she thought the district could do better, Rouse said communications could improve between teachers, administrators and parents "so everybody recognizes that everybody is working together and on the same side all the time."
Rouse replaces longtime school trustee David Haubert, who was elected to the Dublin City Council in November. Rouse's term will be up for election in 2014. Rouse is the second consecutive new Dublin School board member to be appointed to the school board. Amy Miller was appointed to the board a little more than two years ago, and she was elected in November.
Contact Denis Cuff at 925-943-8267.


text:
Running in the Family.
ONDAATJE, Michael.
AbeBooks Seller Since November 22, 1997Quantity Available: 1
AbeBooks Seller Since November 22, 1997Quantity Available: 1
About this Item
Bibliographic Details
Title: Running in the Family.
Publisher: Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, [1982].
Publication Date: 1982
Binding: Hardcover
Dust Jacket Condition: Dust Jacket Included
Signed: Signed by Author(s)
Edition: 1st Edition
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text:
I've started a project cleaning up my database. Whenever I finish a letter of the alphabet, I'll write a blog post to report about what I learned about the surnames that start with that letter.
The letter Z left me without any new discoveries. Which is fine since I am still working on all the discoveries when I went through the W surnames.
The alphabet organization is done! So glad that I did this and I plan to do at least one wrap up next week.


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PAGA CHAMPIONSHIPSWhere can I obtain a tournament entry form for a PA or USGA event?What is the proper way to withdraw from a PA event?What type of Junior events does PA offer?Where can I find results from the recent PA events?
MEMBERSHIP INFORMATIONWho can be members of the Pennsylvania Golf Association?How can I become a member of the Pennsylvania Golf Association?What if my home club is not a member of the PAGA?How much is it for my club to join the Pennsylvania Golf Association?
Pennsylvania entry forms may be completed after a successful log in and visiting the Pennsylvania Golf Association's "Championships" tab on this site.
USGA entry forms may be obtained directly from www.usga.org.
USGA entry forms may be obtained directly from www.usga.org.
When a player must withdraw from an event, he should notify the PA Office as soon as possible. If the withdrawal occurs after business hours, or the day before the event, please contact Cory Reighard at 814-329-3800. Otherwise, contact the host club's pro shop. Entry fees are not refunded after closing day of the event.
The Junior Championship is for boys from PAGA member clubs and girls from PSWGA member clubs who have not reached their 19th birthday by midnight of the final round and who have a USGA Handicap Index of 18.4 or lower for ages 14-17; 24.6 or lower for ages 12-13; and no handicap restriction for ages 11-and-under. The format is 36 holes of of stroke play.
Running concurrently with the Junior Boys' Championship is the Junior Girls' and Junior Team Championship. A team consist of four eligible Junior boys from the same Member Club, or three Junior girls from the same Member Club.
Running concurrently with the Junior Boys' Championship is the Junior Girls' and Junior Team Championship. A team consist of four eligible Junior boys from the same Member Club, or three Junior girls from the same Member Club.
Under the "Headlines" and "Championship Schedule" tab of this site. Usually, the results of PA events are published in local sports sections.
Any organized golf club, golf course or golf club without real estate, located within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania with at least 10 individual members who have a reasonable and regular opportunity to play golf with each other; are able personally to return scores and score cards for handicap posting and elect officers to supervise golf activities and maintain the integrity of the USGA Handicap System.
You can join the Pennsylvania Golf Association by establishing a USGA Handicap Index at a PAGA Member Club. Visit the golf professional at a course near your work or home that is a member of the Pennsylvania Golf Association. To see a list of current PAGA member clubs Click Here.
It is necessary to establish a "home" course so that your handicap revisions can be sent to that facility for you. You can still play and post your scores wherever you want, but your handicap records will be maintained at your "home" club. Your golf professional can help you establish a handicap and start posting your scores.
Starting in 2007 memberships were made available for those individuals who wish to compete in Pennsylvania's State Championships and are residents of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. By joining the Pennsylvania Golf Association as an individual, you will receive access to our 12 championships and many tangible items, but most importantly you will be supporting golf in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Individual Membership: $75
Individual Membership: $75
The Pennsylvania Golf Association charges its Member Clubs on a per golfer basis. The Membership Dues range from $250 to $350 based on the number of handicaps a club provides. If the club provides handicaps to less than 250 members, the cost is $250. If the club provides handicaps to more than 350 Members, the cost is $350. If your club has more than 250 members, but less than 350 members the club is charged on a per member basis. ($1 per member)