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Apple Taps Locationary to Get Maps in the Right Place
Jul 19, 2013 4:36 PM PT
After suffering considerable backlash for the mapping technology it included in iOS 6, Apple has now brought in some expert help. Specifically, it has acquired Locationary, a startup that takes a crowdsourcing approach to map data.
Locationary's Saturn technology uses Big Data to fill in the blanks in maps. In this case, the Big Data in question is provided by users, who update locations with information such as store hours, company descriptions and other details.
Locationary then sorts through user entries to consolidate data for each business or location into one profile and weed out duplicates.
The acquisition was first reported by AllThingsD, but details of the deal were not disclosed. Neither Apple nor Locationary responded to our request to comment for this story.
Meanwhile, reports emerged late on Friday that Apple may also be acquiring HopStop, an online transit-navigation service also relevant for Apple Maps.
Issues to Be Solved
Few would deny that Apple needs extra resources to strengthen its map program. With the launch of iOS 6, the company introduced its own mapping app and pulled Google Maps, upon which it had relied previously.
The results were not good.
Apple Maps had widely publicized problems -- including numerous tales of users who got misdirected -- that will take some time to recover from. Locationary founder and CEO Grant Ritchie may have even made his company an acquisition target, in fact, by speaking out last fall with suggestions for how Apple could solve them.
While Ritchie reportedly went to Apple with his recommendations, he also outlined five mapping issues for Apple to solve in an article on TechCrunch last September.
'So Much Diverse Data'
"The biggest challenge, and what makes it very important, is the fact that there's so much diverse data distributed everywhere," Professor Kirk Borne from George Mason University's School of Physics, Astronomy & Computational Sciences told MacNewsWorld.
Indeed, the addition of Locationary will likely include a cleanup of the existing mapping program.
"I think there is room for cleaning up the business data, and that is one thing that Locationary is good at," suggested Betsy Sigman, a teaching professor at Georgetown University. "I think they're going to clean up the business data and match it with the mapping data. I think it is a way for Apple to get back into the mapping game."
'The Homogenization Apple Needs'
The database will have to consolidate submissions from multiple users. Say, for instance, one user updates store hours for a local boutique while another adds a different update for the same boutique. Those two records must then be reconciled.
One of Locationary's key abilities is combining information like that while weeding out duplication.
"What Locationary provides is an API that provides the standardization of information," said Borne. "The API provides the homogenization that the Apple Maps needs."
'Google Is Not Perfect'
Of course, even once the technological issues are solved, Apple will still need to regain users' trust.
"I see it as an opportunity for Apple to get back on the screen as far as maps, and I think it's interesting because they suffered in comparison with Google," Sigman told MacNewsWorld. "We all know that Google is not perfect and there is space to have more mapping -- particularly with businesses -- and have it be easier for people to look up."
The technology may also have wider applicability.
"One of the major sources of Big Data in the world now is through social media," Borne pointed out. "So this massive stream of comments and content about things and places makes it really hard to filter what the right information is, and define that information to the right thing you're talking about."
A Question of Context
So, while Apple may have mapping front of mind with the Locationary acquisition, there is potential for the company's API to be put to use across other platforms. Namely, the biggest issue for mapping and other uses of Big Data is context; Locationary may be able to provide just that.
"Location is a very major part of the Big Data problem," said Borne. "When you talk about consumer data or any kind of information, human experience takes place at a place and a time. So whether you're updating social media, reporting an event, or whatever, it's at a location.
"The next big advancement in Big Data is when we can integrate the context of Big Data," he concluded -- "where it was collected, when it was collected and for what purpose."


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Sony NEX-5 : Tests and Reviews
Sony NEX5 Review
DxOMark review for Sony NEX-3 and NEX-5
Here are the scores for the NEX-3 and NEX-5 compared with the A450:The NEX cameras show very small improvements versus the A450 — so small that they should be hardly noticeable on final images.When compared to competitive products from Panasonic and Olympus in the same category, the NEX's larger sensor clearly makes a difference. The NEX cameras show an edge for all three DxOMark Scores, followed by the Panasonic GH1 among the different comparable products.Disclaimer: This dxomark review evaluates only the selected camera's RAW sensor performance metrics (i.e., Color Depth, Dynamic Range, and Low-Light ISO), and should
Sony NEX5 side by side comparisons
Sony NEX5 versus predecessor
Sony NEX5 versus Olympus model
Sony NEX5 versus Panasonic model
Sony NEX5 versus Canon model
Sony NEX5 versus Nikon model
Sony NEX5 versus rival model with similar score
Try our side-by-side camera comparison tool
Further readings for the Sony NEX-5
To provide photographers with a broader perspective about mobiles, lenses and cameras, here are links to articles, reviews, and analyses of photographic equipment produced by DxOMark, renown websites, magazines or blogs.
Launched in September 2011, the Samsung NX200 marks a significant point in the NX line because it features an all-new APS-C CMOS sensor with 20.3megapixels. Among the hybrid cameras, this is about as big as sensors currently get, so Samsung are aiming at the high ground, a fact confirmed by the premium feel all-metal body – a first in the NX-series.
Canon was the last major maker to embrace the hybrid or 'mirrorless' camera market. As a somewhat sober debut, designed for those who are new to photography, the EOS M adopts an 18-megapixel APS-C format in a compact body but boasts a number of advanced features including a 31-point hybrid AF system for stills and video and a touch sensitive 3-inch LCD. While it's clear this camera doesn't compete directly with the firm's DSLRs, how does it stack up against the competition that don't have the same volume of DSLR sales to protect?
Introduced in mid September, the Olympus PEN E-PM2 is the second generation of Olympus' entry-level Micro Four Thirds hybrid camera. It sports a newly updated design with a useful, fixed grip and a touch-screen interface among other updates, but the big news is that it has inherited the sensor of the much-admired Olympus OM-D E-M5, the current top-of-the-line Micro Four Thirds camera.
Announced at IFA 2012, Sony's NEX-5R is the third version of its very popular NEX-5 camera. This new model features a 16-megapixel APS-C EXMOR sensor composed of photosites that provide autofocusing by phase detection. Has Sony improved the image quality of its latest mid-range compact hybrid? Our tests reveal the answer.
The EOS 1100D (Rebel T3) replaces the EOS 1000 as Canon's entry-level body. It combines a 12-megapixel sensor, Canon's 9-point AF engine coupled to the 63-zone metering system introduced by the EOS7D, and of course the now-standard Digic 4 image processor. Taken individually, none of these features is really new, but the combination of all these solid elements should prove interesting. Moreover, the EOS 1100D is now gifted with a video recording function… but only 720p, which could be a limitation compared to what competitors propose for a similar price point.
To website
Sony Alpha NEX-5Read the article
The new Sony NEX cameras feature one of Sony's latest APS-C sensors. Our DxOMark measurements show that the NEX sensor seems very similar to the one found in the Sony A450.
Test results support Sony's assertion that this new camera category (mirrorless with interchangable lenses, sometimes referred to "EVIL" for "Electronic Viewfinder with Interchangable Lens") provides "DSLR image quality in a compact camera."
Measurements for NEX-3 & NEX-5 and Nikon 18-70mm zoom optical performance now available on DxOMark

subset: commoncrawl


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State Sen. Alan Bates believes a bill that would allow counties to opt out of 18-year-old bans on sport-hunting cougars and bears with hounds and baiting bears likely will get a public hearing in a Senate committee this session amid heavy lobbying both to air it and to quell it.
If so, then House Bill 2624 would become the first such House bill to get a Senate hearing since Measure 18's passage in 1994 enacted the statewide baiting and hounding bans.
"We haven't really decided but my sense right now is we'll probably give it a public hearing," said Bates, D-Medford, a member of the Senate Environment and Natural Resource Committee, where the bill currently sits.
But whether it makes it to the full Senate for a vote is "up in the air," Bates said. "It could go either way.
"It's a volatile issue here in Oregon," he said. "Talk about a rural-urban divide question. It's right there."
The bill would allow a county to opt out of Measure 18's bans if voters in that county approve either an initiative petition or a referral to voters by county commissioners.
The bill passed April 23 out of the House by a vote of 40-19, barely over the required two-thirds majority. It was referred to the Senate committee May 1.
Since then, committee hearings have been scheduled out to next Wednesday without HB 2624 on any committee agenda, records show.
Committee chairwoman Sen. Jackie Dingfelder, D-Portland, did not return telephone calls or emails seeking comment on whether she supported a hearing.
In 2011, a similar bill reached Dingfelder's committee and it died without a hearing.
This round, supporters and opponents of the bill have lobbied committee members as well as other senators and representatives over the bill itself and the merits of a hearing.
"We are confident (Dingfelder) will handle the bill as she has in the past," said Sally Mackler, of rural Jacksonville, who is the Oregon carnivore representative for the group Predator Defense. "It has no more validity today than it had the numerous times when similar bills were introduced and died.
"It's strictly an attempt to override state wildlife law and tactics Oregonians abhor," Mackler said.
The Medford-based Oregon Hunters Association, which has sought repeals of all or parts of Measure 18 since its inception, has launched what state secretary Duane Dungannon called perhaps the most organized effort to get its members to weigh in on the bill. The OHA sent Web-based legislative updates to about one-third of its roughly 10,000 members asking them to lobby on behalf of the bill and a committee hearing on it, Dungannon said.
Supporters argue that rural counties that didn't support the bans would get what they believe is a necessary tool for curbing livestock damage and human-safety concerns.
"Nine of 36 counties approved Measure 18, with mostly urban counties favoring the bans and rural counties opposing them," Dungannons said.
"Eighteen years ago, nine counties dictated predator management for all 36 counties," Dungannon said. "We want to look back at something 18 years later to see if it's working."
A similar bill allowing counties to opt out of part or all of Measure 18's restrictions died in the Legislature's 2011 session after passing out of the House in bipartisan fashion, with far more support from rural representatives than urban ones.
But it never gained a Senate committee hearing.
The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife estimates the statewide cougar population now at 5,850 animals, almost twice the estimate when Measure 18 was enacted.
At the same time, total cougar deaths in Oregon have risen from 204 in 1994 to 524 in 2012. The sport season is year-round but the state is broken into zones and with specific quotas.
Reach Mail Tribune reporter Mark Freeman at 541-776-4470, or email at email@example.com.


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It's time to break out the spiked eggnog again. The Troubadour Theater Company's intensely wacky improvisers, found regularly at Garry Marshall's Falcon Theatre in Burbank, are back with their annual Christmas show. "The First Jo-el" combines the giant song catalog of Billy Joel with the greatest story ever told, the birth of that famous baby in a manger in Bethlehem.
One would think after 15 years of the Troubies' special brand of pop culture mash-ups, there would be nothing left to parody or some of the novelty might wear off. But mastermind Matt Walker and his zany cohorts continually find new ways to tinker with their formula.
"The First Jo-el" appears to be based on some uncredited aberration of a Christmas TV Special from the distant past. The fact that Walker wrings so much emotion and comedy from such thin material is further proof their satire machine runs on its own magic fumes now.
Twenty-odd tunes from Joel pop up in brief renditions throughout, but somehow seem like an afterthought once the hilarious plot gets rolling.
Around the time in history when B.C. turned to A.D., young Palestinian couple Leticia (Katie Nunez) and Manolo (Matt Morgan) are just about to welcome their first child into the world. Letty's parents are innkeepers, the grouchy Nicholas (Jack McGee) and the jovial Greta (Lisa Valenzuela).
Three "wise guys" named Gold (Matt Walker), Myr (Brandon Breault) and Frankenstein (Morgan Rusler) arrive declaring they've followed a star in the sky to the remote inn expecting a heavenly birth. Dollar signs in his eyes, Nicholas seizes on the opportunity to advertise his own daughter as the Miracle Mom.
When Mary (Katherine Malak) and Joseph (Matt Walker) show up seeking shelter for an impending miracle birth of their own, things start to spiral out of control.
But director Walker keeps a tight enough rein on the silliness, meaning the pace never drags. Meanwhile, the return of a brief intermission to the show is quite welcome, as it gives the audience time to catch their breath from laughing so hard.
Some unsung heroes working behind the scenes at almost every Troubie show include Eric Heinly's precise backing band. Since piano man Joel is the source music, Kevin McCourt on keyboards and Hayan Charlston on sax get a heavy workout.
Other than the widening gulf between good singing voices and bad singing voices, the cast is uniformly terrific, bringing energy and vibrancy to every scene.
McGee and Valenzuela display a tender chemistry as the innkeepers, while Rusler steals all his scenes playing both Frankenstein and the play's only truly historical character, King Herod.
Beth Kennedy succeeds with inventive improvisation in multiple roles including Hoffy and the Winter Warlock. She's reminiscent of Kristen Wiig from SNL, but even better.
Playing angels, Christine Lakin and Jackie Seiden sing and dance their hearts out in every number.
But the highlight is a beautifully intertwined medley of three of Jo-el's best ballads, "She's Got A Way," "Just the Way You Are" and "She's Always A Woman," performed by each of the play's romantically linked couples.
It all blends seamlessly, like the rest of this Christmas show that brings together irreverent humor and religious reverence. In "The First Jo-el," the Troubies once again spin comedy gold out of virtually nothing.
JAMES PETRILLO is an actor and screenwriter from Los Angeles.
What: Troubadour Theater Company's "The First Jo-el" directed by Matt Walker
Where: The Falcon Theatre, 4252 Riverside Drive, Burbank
When: 8 p.m. Wednesday through Friday, 4 and 8 p.m. Saturday and Sunday, and 4 and 7 p.m. Sunday until Jan. 16. Added performance at 8 p.m. Dec. 21. No shows Dec. 24, 25, 26, 31 and Jan. 1.
Tickets: $27 to $42
Contact: (818) 955-8101 or visit http://www.falcontheatre.com


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by Pete Mazzaccaro
A few years back, I wrote an editorial in which I disparaged the Harry Potter phenomenon. How, I wondered, could people be so sucked up in a series of books (or movies for those with shorter attention spans) based on some strange fantasy of a boy wizard fighting evil magicians and a bad upbringing?
Personally, I've never had a lot of patience for fantasy writing. I've read "The Hobbit" and a handful of other books that fit the bill of sci-fi and/or fantasy, but I've mostly been baffled by the genre. In college, I took an elective on science fiction, thinking the class would be a critical look at the form. But the instructor, I discovered, actually wanted to discuss the stuff as serious literature.
Before mid term, I was begging the professor to let me read something different. After struggling to pay attention to Arthur C. Clark and Ursula K. LeGuin, I thought I might never be able to summon the strength to read again. The books were silly and a struggle to power through. I remember saying to the man, "I just can't take this stuff seriously."
I made it through the class, which fortunately did include at least two very good books – "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep" by Phillip K Dick and "The Sirens of Titan" by Kurt Vonnegut – but the scars from that semester were certainly still fresh when I tried to read the first Harry Potter book and put it down before I was done with the first page.
In the time that has passed since the attempted read, I have to hand it to Harry Potter (and, of course, his creator, the writer J.K. Rowling). I haven't changed my mind about the boy wizard. I still have absolutely no desire to spend my time reading about his adventures. I have, however, come to respect the character's staying power the same way I respect the longevity of other works of fiction, from James Bond to James T. Kirk.
To get a good look at just how popular Potter remains, a visit to Chestnut Hill this weekend where hundred, perhaps thousands, will descend on the neighborhood in wizard wear to take part in activities for kids and adults up and down the Avenue.
The weekend event started last year as an extension of Chestnut Hill College's growing Quidditch tournament, a nutty take on the magical sport played by characters in the Harry Potter novels. I happened upon the event by accident. I was driving up the Avenue returning from a nice hike through the Andorra Natural Area with the kids when we saw crowds of costumed people – kids and adults – marching up the hill from the college.
When I reached the intersection of Bethlehem Pike and Germantown Avenue, the sidewalks were thick with Potter reenactors of all ages. In fact, you'd be hard pressed to ever see more people on sidewalks in Chestnut Hill outside of its two annual arts festivals.
Whatever the attraction is, it is real. This weekend I'd expect to see the same size crowds, if not even more people, in town for the events. It may not be for me, but a lot of folks love Harry Potter.
My daughter, it turns out, is one of those people. Like every other kid who picks up the books, she is enchanted with Harry Potter. She'll be here and plans to dress up as the character Hermione. So I'll be here on the sidewalks with the other wizard fans, if not in spirit, at least in respect.


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Song(s) in this release:
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Does the sugar content of apples effect the blood sugar for diabetices if so, which one has the least amount of sugar? Would it be the ones with tartness? like pink ladys or granny smith.thank you for your help I have a customer that has turned to me for the ansewer.
Since apples contain carbohydrate, they have the potential to affect blood sugar. However, this does not mean they cannot be eaten by a person who is following a diet for diabetes. The sugar content will not be affected by the degree of tartness. If this individual is unclear about how to fit apples into a diet for diabetes, I suggest you encourage him/her to discuss this with his/her physician, who may refer to a registered dietitian or certified diabetes educator. A registered dietitian in your area can be found at www.eatright.org.


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Food Processors Beginning to See Benefits of Going Green With Packaging
From Heinz to the Girl Scouts, everyone wants packaging with less environmental downside.
The term "green packaging" is a bit of an oxymoron. The very existence of a package presumes impact on the environment during the package's life cycle and perhaps beyond. But, recognizing that we need packaging to protect food between the point of manufacturing and the point of consumption, processors are focusing on greener packaging.
The initiatives include virtually all package formats, from glass jars to plastic bottles and paperboard cartons to flexible packages. Brands attached to greener-packaging projects include the iconic; pantry standards like Heinz Classico and Frito-Lay Tostitos; natural foods brands like Naked Juice, CalNaturale and Stonyfield Farm; even seasonal favorite Girl Scout Cookies.
This year, for the first time, the Girl Scouts are selling cookies packaged in a film-overwrapped tray rather than in a paperboard carton containing a tray. The organization is testing the new, greener package for Thanks-A-Lot cookies. By eliminating the carton, the switch will reduce the use of paperboard by 150 tons, enough to fill 14 garbage trucks.
ABC Bakers, Richmond, Va., which bakes the Thanks-A-Lot cookies, initiated the packaging changeup after receiving queries at its website from scouts asking about the environment and best use of natural resources.
"The reason ABC is trying this out is because girls were asking for it," says Molly Smart, director of public relations and marketing with the Girl Scouts of Southern Alabama, Mobile, Ala. "And they've certainly been excited about it."
It's becoming increasingly important to look not just at the package but at the entire life cycle of the package – and that includes the manufacturing practices of the package's supplier. Eagle Flexible Packaging, Batavia, Ill., for example, lays out a menu of green options for customers, which includes the use of water-based inks and adhesives, renewable films from plant starches or corn and compostable materials – as well as the company's own recycling of its ink waste and film scrap.
"Water-based inks and adhesives contain less than 5 percent volatile organic compounds, compared to solvent-based inks and adhesives that can contain 45-65 percent VOCs," says Millie Nuno, director of marketing. That reduces the carbon footprint of whatever is the end product.
Glass goes lighter
Glass packaging also is getting greener. When H.J. Heinz Co., Pittsburgh, decided to introduce a 44-oz. "value size" version of Heinz Classico pasta sauce, the company worked with its glass supplier to develop a lighter-weight glass jar.
Standard glass jars for products of this magnitude weigh 17.5 oz. Heinz's greener jar, which weighs 16.3 oz., delivers a 7.2 percent weight savings. The lighter weight yields more efficient shipping and a reduced carbon footprint.
"We worked with Heinz to come up with this lightweighted design," says Angela Luring, marketing manager, food category, O-I North America, Perrysburg, Ohio.
"Sustainability is a high priority for Heinz as it is for us."
But not all greener glass packages are custom designed. Frito-Lay, Plano, Texas, uses a lightweighted stock jar for 16-oz. Tostitos quesos, salsas and dips. The original weight of the stock jar was 9.17 oz., but O-I was able to reduce that weight to 8.17 oz. Saving an ounce on each jar adds up quickly for high-volume items like these.
O-I also has come out with a line of lighter weight wine bottles that look the same as conventional wine bottles. The so-called Lean+Green bottles are available in weights ranging from 11.6 to 16 oz. (weight of the unfilled bottle), and they are up to 27 percent lighter than standard wine bottles. In addition to being lighter to ship, the new bottles require less energy and a reduced amount of raw materials for manufacturing.
Bronco Wine Co., Ceres, Calif., is using O-I's 11.6-oz. claret and burgundy bottles for its Charles Shaw wines to reduce weight and improve the brand's carbon footprint while protecting flavor and maintaining a traditional look and feel.
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What's the secret to picking gift baskets that will be a hit? When looking at themed gift basket ideas keep in mind who you are giving the basket to and what his or her likes and dislikes are. Do they have a sense of humor? Do they like to read? Do they enjoy coffee? When considering different gift baskets, ideas are easier to come by if you think about what he or she likes the most. For example, if you are buying a basket for someone who enjoys golf, golf gift baskets are a smart choice and will be greatly appreciated.
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Fully Framed Overlap Panel 183x122cm from Woodlands
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Product DetailsTraditional fence panels from Woodland Garden Products. 4 vertical battons on front and back
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Europe is signaling a retreat from its bold commitment to biofuels as concern mounts that the plant-based alternative to gas and diesel, once heralded as a panacea for climate change, is contributing to spiraling global food prices.
Officially, the 27-nation European Union is sticking to a target that will require 10 percent of motor vehicle fuel to be derived from renewable sources by 2020, as part of overall efforts to reduce carbon emissions by 20 percent.
But official backpedaling is on the rise. The British government indicated Monday it would take a more cautious approach following an official report that raised multiple warnings about the technology, specifically that it contributes to high food prices and may create more greenhouse gas emissions than it prevents.
The European Parliament meanwhile is to vote later this year on a proposal to lower the EU target to just 4 percent by 2015, after a committee of lawmakers supported the measure Monday.
Rumblings of disaffection with biofuels have resonated from French politicians, who pooh-poohed the 10 percent target last week, to Germany, where the government has scrapped tax breaks for green fuels.
"It would be foolhardy at the moment on the evidence that we have got to say we should go headlong in pursuit of biofuels," Ed Gallagher told the BBC. He's the author of the British report, which called for Britain's own targets to be reduced. "At the moment, on the evidence that we have got, getting to 10 percent is going to be very difficult without causing environmental damage and an effect on food prices."
Adrian Bebb of Friends of the Earth adds: "The political tide in Europe is turning against biofuels. Everyone realizes that it's a crazy idea to use valuable land to grow crops for cars and not people. We are starting to see a pretty big retreat."
Europe was an early adopter of biofuel targets and an eager producer of biodiesel (derived from plant oils, as opposed to ethanol which is derived from sugar and corn). In a continent that prides itself on its green credentials, political leaders were eager to make firm commitments to technology that could help combat climate change and reduce Europe's dependency on energy imports.
But that determination has been sorely tested by the contention that devoting land to biofuels compounds a worldwide food shortage that has sent prices soaring and pushed millions of people into hunger. In a sign that global scepticism towards biofuels is growing, the G-8 nations as well as Mexico, Brazil, China, India, and South Africa insisted Tuesday at the G-8 summit in Japan that biofuels must be compatible with "food security."
A World Bank report leaked to a British newspaper last week estimated that biofuels were responsible for 75 percent of the recent spike in global food prices, which have risen more than 80 percent in the past three years.
US Agriculture Secretary Edward Schafer said recently that biofuel production has pushed up global food prices by only 2 or 3 percent. and that biofuels had cut US consumption of oil by a million barrels a day.
World Bank President Robert Zoellick said at the G-8 meeting that both Europe and the US should look at reducing biofuel targets. The Bush administration has a target of cutting gasoline use by 20 percent by 2017, primarily by stepping up the use of ethanol.
And yet targets remain vital to give the nascent industry a stimulus to compete with Big Oil. Giles Clark, the editor of Biofuel Review, a newsletter in Britain, says that unless retailers are forced to supply certain quotas of the fuel, they won't bother. "The oil majors have to be involved," he says. "They have the forecourts [gas stations]. Why would they bother with biofuels unless there was some leverage? So there needs to be some encouragement."
Plenty of EU officials remain convinced that biofuels should remain part of the mix. Michael Mann, EU agricultural spokesman, says that Europe could still hit its target "without major effects on food supplies," and argues that biofuels have less of an impact on food prices than do failed harvests and burgeoning demand from a growing global population.
"The amount of corn the US is putting into ethanol does have an effect on the market," he acknowledges. "But rice, for example, has seen the biggest increase in prices and it is not used for biofuels. Sugar is a biofuels crop – and its price has gone down."
Mr. Mann dismisses arguments that some biofuel production can actually generate more greenhouse gases, saying that all EU biofuels must be at least 35 percent cleaner than fossil fuels to qualify as such.
Other experts argue that even if Europe retreated or paused in its "dash for biofuels," the impact on global food prices would be minimal. Abdolreza Abbassian, an economist at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Rome, says "Unless some heavyweight like the US shifts policy, we probably will not see dramatic changes." He estimates that the US has switched 30 percent of its corn output into biofuels.
Experts say that the future of biofuels probably lies not in edible plants now being used, but in nonedible crops – the so-called second generation biofuels.
Giles Clark says these biofuels fall into two categories: those that use the nonfood parts of plants, like stems and straw. Others are nonedible plants such as algae and jatropha which, says Clark, "can be grown on marginal land that wouldn't support food crops, is native to Africa, is not a food plant at all."


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modprobed_dbAUR will keeping a running list of ALL modules ever probed on a system and allow for easy recall. This is very useful for users wishing to build a minimal kernel via a `make localmodconfig`which simply takes every module currently probed and switches everything BUT them off in the .config for a kernel resulting in smaller kernel packages and reduced compilation times.
Installation and Setup
- Download, build, and install modprobed_dbAUR.
- Edit
/etc/modprobed_db.confand optionally add some modules to ignore to the IGNORE array. Some common ones are included by default.
Data Collection
The most convenient method to "use" modprobed_db is to simply add an entry in the root user's crontab to invoke
/usr/bin/modprobed_db store at some regular interval.
Example running the script once every 20 minutes:
# crontab -e */20 * * * * /usr/bin/modprobed_db store &> /dev/null
Data Recall
As mentioned earlier, this script is meant to be used in concert with the make localmodconfig step of compiling a kernel. After the database has been adequately populated, simply invoke
/usr/bin/modprobed_db recall prior to compiling a kernel to load all modules followed by the make localmodconfig to do the magic.
Using the Official ARCH kernel PKGBUILD
The official ARCH kernel's PKGBUILD does not have native support for this, but it is easily modified as follows:
... # get kernel version make prepare /usr/bin/modprobed_db recall <---- insert this line make localmodconfig <---- insert this line # load configuration # Configure the kernel. Replace the line below with one of your choice. #make menuconfig # CLI menu for configuration #make nconfig # new CLI menu for configuration #make xconfig # X-based configuration #make oldconfig # using old config from previous kernel version # ... or manually edit .config ...
Using Some Kernels in the AUR
Several kernel packages in the AUR have native support for modprobed_db in their PKGBUILD files. For example:
- linux-bfsAUR
- linux-ck-systemtapAUR
- linux-ck-paxAUR
- linux-ckAUR
- linux-ideapadAUR
- linux-lqxAUR
- linux-pfAUR
- linux-rifsAUR
- linux-uksm-ckAUR
- linux-uksmAUR
Find which other packages use it:
cd /scratch git clone http://pkgbuild.com/git/aur-mirror.git find /scratch/aur-mirror -iname "PKGBUILD" -print0 | xargs -0 grep "modprobed_db recall" | sort
It is recommended that users install the package and then "use" the system for a good amount of time to allow the database to grow based on usage and capture everything the system needs before building a kernel with a make localmodconfig. Some suggested actions to allow appropriate modules to load and get cataloged:
- Insert every kind of removable media (USB, DVD, CD, etc.)
- Use every device on the machine (wifi, network, USB stuff like cameras, ipods, etc.)
- Mount every kind of filesystem one might typically use including ext2/3/4, fat, vfat, CIFS shares, NFS shares, etc.
- Use as many applications (that one would normally use) as possible in order to capture modules on which they depend. For example, IP blocking/filtering software like pgl-cliAUR.
- Users who plan to mount iso image file should do so (this will make sure to capture the loop and isofs modules).
- Users requiring encryption software such as truecrypt should make sure to load it, and mount some encrypted containers to ensure that the needed crypto modules are in the db.
Suggested Modules
- cifs
- ext2
- ext3
- ext4
- fat
- isofs
- loop
- vfat
Benefits of modprobed_db with make localmodconfig in custom kernels
- Reduced kernel footprint on FS
- Reduced compilation time
Comparisons using version 3.1.1-1 of the ARCH kernel (from ABS):
|Machine CPU
|make localmodconfig
|# of Modules
|Modules' Size on HDD
|Compilation Time
|Intel C2Q @ 3.4 GHz
|13 min 50 sec
|Intel C2Q @ 3.4 GHz
|5 min 30 sec
|AMD Athlon XP 3200+ @ 2.2 GHz
|127 min 35 sec
|AMD Athlon XP 3200+ @ 2.2 GHz
|41 min 20 sec
- Net decrease in number of modules: 5.2x
- Net decrease in kernel footprint: 3.5x
- Net decrease in compilation time: 2.5x - 3.1x
Number of modules found by:
find /lib/modules/3.1.1-1-ARCH/kernel -iname "*.ko.gz" | wc -l
Size on HDD found by:
$ du -ch /lib/modules/3.1.1-1-ARCH/kernel | grep total
Compilation time found by entering a preconfigured src/linux-3.1.1 (using stock ARCH config):
$ time make -jx bzImage modules


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Wild Drill Oilers Thursday Night
The Minnesota Wild beat the Edmonton Oilers 4-1 Thursday night at Xcel Energy Center. In a rare feat the Wild outshot their opponent 33-21 in the game.
Jason Pominville scored his team-high 19th goal halfway through the first period for a 1-0 Wild lead after one.
After Jordan Eberle tied the game at one at 2:36 of the second period for Edmonton, Nate Prosser and Justin Fontaine scored for Minnesota to give the Wild a 3-1 lead after two periods.
Jason Zucker scored just eight seconds into the third period to cap the scoring and give the Wild a 4-1 win.
The Wild remain in eighth place in the Western Conference and are now tied with Vancouver (7th place) with 57 points.
Minnesota hosts Dallas on Saturday to cap a three game home stand.


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But Thompson said on Wednesday the balloons cost several hundred thousand dollars each, and he estimated the team lost $60,000 to $70,000 in helium with the aborted jump.
How would the hydrogen be stored before used to inflate the ballon?How would the hydrogen be transported to the site?If the ballon ruptures during inflation, what would be the correct course of action to ensure no one was engulfed in flames?Compressed hydrogen gas violently escaping from its container produces enough energy to ignite the hydrogen. In other words, if you drop a wrench and it cracks a pipe or fitting you will be very lucky if your destination is the hospital.
If the balloon ruptures, I think mitigation would be to wait a few seconds, the hydrogen will be 50' off the ground by then and very soon afterwards at the top of the atmosphere.
Quote from: JoeN on Oct 18, 2012, 09:04 pmIf the balloon ruptures, I think mitigation would be to wait a few seconds, the hydrogen will be 50' off the ground by then and very soon afterwards at the top of the atmosphere.Would you bet the lives of dozens of people on that?
Most likely leakage. The Helium Molecule is larger than the Hydrogen molecule so it leaks less. Pump any other gas into a container and it stays there. Pump hydrogen in and if there is ANY thought of a crack it will all leak out.Another possibility is the amount of expansion of hydrogen over helium.And for the volumn it might just be too dangerous...Hyrogen will burn in almost any mixture with oxygen. Some gases can actually self smother because they need a critical mixture to burn.
hydrogen mixed with air does need a spark to set it off.
You can get sparks from static but hey they send instrumented balloons up on hydrogen all the time... I wonder how many of those burn up?
The heat generated from pressurized hydrogen escaping
Joule-Thomson appear to disagree with you...http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joule%E2%80%93Thomson_effectI have first-hand knowledge that escaping hydrogen can ignite in the way I've described.
Helium and hydrogen are two gases whose Joule-Thomson inversion temperatures at a pressure of one atmosphere are very low (e.g., about 51 K (?222 °C) for helium). Thus, helium and hydrogen warm up when expanded at constant enthalpy at typical room temperatures.


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CloudVerse: How Does Cisco Collaboration in the Cloud Tie In?
Today, Cisco introduced CloudVerse, an end-to-end solution to build, manage and connect clouds. Cisco revealed how it sees the cloud: one in which it enables the world to operate more simply not just from one collective cloud but rather a world of many clouds where the organizations can choose how their cloud solutions are developed whether it's a highly secure private cloud, a more open public cloud or a hybrid. Within these various cloud environments, IT is delivered as a service and end users can collaborate dynamically and consume content on-demand.
With Cisco's network based cloud solutions serving as the foundation, Cisco also introduced new enhancements and functionalities to its ever growing Hosted Collaboration Solution (HCS). The Cisco Hosted Collaboration Solution gives partners, including service providers and integrators, the ability to deploy multiple collaboration applications on one server in a virtualized environment and then host those applications for multiple client organizations. The solution is designed to be run from partner data centers. Just last week, Fujitsu's Andy Stevenson, executive director of their hosting and network services group discussed how they've combined their experience and expansive network to develop anew hosted offer, the Fujitsu Cloud Connect service.. Fujitsu's new service helps employees collaborate more efficiently on any device using a uniform suite of Cisco collaboration technology available on demand.
New HCS capabilities announced today evolve and expand the HCS portfolio, providing our partners with greater flexibility and ease in deploying cloud-based collaboration solutions to their customers. With over 22 partners we're currently working with to roll out hosted cloud applications to their customers, the next step was to broaden the HCS suite to extend new capabilities..
Specifically, the new collaboration and unified communications functionalities added to HCS include:
- Private cloud HCS to empower enterprises to build their own collaboration cloud using Cisco's validated and tested designs and full management capabilities.
- With Mobile HCS, mobile service providers now have a simple and cost effective way to offer collaboration – from the cloud – extending services from stationary devices to mobile phones. For example, providers can virtually connect thousands of mobile users at a company with single number reach, or enable customers to transition a call from a UC-enabled desk phone to a mobile phone while the call is in progress.
- Extending contact center capabilities to the cloud by adding Cisco Customer Collaboration offerings to HCS. These offerings will be generally available in calendar year 2012.
o Extension of our popular Jabber suite for Mac and new mobile clients
When we designed these new features, we based their development on feedback we heard from our partners and end users. By extending our latest Unified Communications technologies – UCM, 4G support for Cius and Jabber just to name a few – we wanted to enable a consistent, high quality experience for users no matter where they were, what device they're using, or the consumption model that their company has elected to use.
Our partners also relayed that their customers were asking about the inclusion of our Customer Collaboration solutions into HCS. We responded with a gradual rollout of our popular Contact Center solution, optimized for agents in the 500-1,000 range. While this will be offered on a limited basis initially, availability will expand next year.
As mobile is fast becoming the norm in the workplace, we've added to our wide selection of mobile collaboration features with the integration of our HCS capabilities with our service provider partners' IMS networks. The result is an extension of enterprise dial and call policy between a users' mobile and desk phones – in other words, you can easily transfer a call that you began on your mobile to your desk line. And this won't be limited to those with a smartphone; for employees still hanging on to their tried and true cellular phones, they too will have access to this feature.
Collaboration has never been easier to customize, integrate and utilize with a cloud system in place. And to loop back to what Cisco's cloud vision is, organizations will have control of the architecture of their cloud system like never before; and now, we've coupled our HCS suite to make sure that goes along with this customization.
In an effort to keep conversations fresh, Cisco Blogs closes comments after 60 days. Please visit the Cisco Blogs hub page for the latest content.
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It's a curious paradox that digital networks, bred of high binary certainty, can be so capricious. But they are, at best, barely domesticated animals.
All the same, we've built our civilization on their restive backs--a civilization dependent on perfect information. Take a thousand bits, change one of them: your password doesn't work, a train switches to the wrong track, your bank account has $65,536 extra in it, the space station's orbit-keeping software malfunctions. Nature abhors perfection almost as much as a vacuum; there's nothing it loves to do more than flip bits. But somehow, despite nature's puckish tendencies, your password works, the train keeps rolling, you're still broke, and the ISS is still up there. How?
Long ago, scientists and engineers learned that the best way to make sure something works is to assume that it will fail. A lot. In fact, the most wildly successful communication protocols, such as Ethernet and Internet Protocol, not only accept failure as inevitable, but seem almost to revel in it. If you read their specs you'll notice that most of their considerable cleverness is given over to how to survive when everything blow ups. In communication circles this is called error correction.
TFTP: Acknowledging the Possibility of Data Misadventure
Which brings us to my favorite protocol: the Trivial File Transfer Protocol. TFTP's design is revealing the same way that a car's airbags are. As an airbag testifies to the probability and violent nature of a crash, so TFTP's design speaks to frequent and catastrophic data misadventure. It's trivialness of purpose (to move one file from one computer to another--nothing more, nothing less) makes it something like a 1950's truck engine: crack open the hood and it's still simple enough to understand in an afternoon. And once you understand it, most other protocols are just TFTP with dual overhead cams and a swish fuel injection system.
It's revealing then to find out that TFTP is almost entirely composed of error correction. And instructive to note that it uses only three basic techniques in the process: redundancy, acknowledgement, and timeouts. These are the pistons and carburetors of error correction, basics worth understanding because they crop up everywhere, from P2P to 802.11g.
We'll look at each one in turn, but first a glance at what TFTP has to work with.
Usually Drops Packets
To understand the nature of TFTP, we must first look at its dependency on another protocol, the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
UDP's purpose in life is to carry a datagram packet from one computer to another over a network. A datagram is a chunk of data with an address attached to it; imagine it as postcard. And like postcards, datagrams are typically not big enough to contain anything serious--so many must be sent, each with a small part of the whole (usually less than a kilobyte). In other words, to transfer a whole file, TFTP must first break it up into datagrams, which it then gives to UDP to deliver.
The trouble with UDP is that it's only as reliable as the network that it runs on, which is to say not at all. Datagrams get lost or misrouted, they usually arrive out of order, they might even arrive twice. Think of Charlie Chaplin delivering postcards.
For example, I send a message with one letter per datagram: HELLO. The receiver gets LHHEO. Not only is this possible, it's likely.
So the relationship between TFTP and UDP is this: TFTP needs UDP to send its packets across the network, UDP needs TFTP to unravel the mess that it creates.
Now let's look at the first tool that TFTP uses to accomplish that: redundancy.
Superfluity, Redundancy, and Repetitiousness
Imagine for a moment a fictitious colonial scene: the ambassador from Lemuria enters the court of King Ed of Florin and says hello. This takes ten minutes. A courtly greeting is a dissertation on genealogy, titles, and treaties between the two nations. During which, Ed is referred to as (at the very least) "the sovereign king", or "his royal highness".
Have a look at those two phrases, you'll notice that they repeat themselves. Sovereign means king; the two words can be used interchangeably. Likewise for "royal" and "highness".
Let's say that His Royal Highness King Ed (Sovereign of Florin) is kind of miffed at Lemuria, and wants to catch the Ambassador on any breach of etiquette so he can feign grave insult and send a couple of Florin warships out that way. The lives of many Lemurians rest on the Ambassador's flawless smarminess.
And let's suppose that someone coughs right in the middle of the Ambassador's address, obscuring the word "sovereign"... Lemuria is still safe, because the "king" part still got through.
Better yet than plain redundancy is what you could call synonymous redundancy. The purest form of repetition would be to say, "his royal royalness". But imagine that the Ambassador has a lisp, and can't say his R's. His Woyal Highness still can't take offence, because though he may not have been formally recognized as Royal, he's still a Highness.
Redundancy is probably the single most vital aspect of reliable communication. So how does TFTP use it?
The first way is actually a function of UDP. A number, called a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), is attached to every datagram packet. This is a numeric summary of the data contained in the packet.
As an analogy, let's take our greeting, and for every letter we also tag on its position in the alphabet (A is 1, B is 2, and so forth):
The one thing that UDP does do reliably is to make sure that a datagram hasn't been altered during the transfer. If UDP sees a packet with a mismatch, like "H4", it would know that either the letter got changed or the number did. In either case it knows that something's up and throws the packet out.
The second way that TFTP uses redundancy is via explicit ordering.
It's something that we usually don't think about, but in any word there are actually two kinds of information. The first is the character of the alphabet, the second is the order in which they appear. LHLOE doesn't mean the same thing as HELLO because the information implicit in the sequence of the characters has been altered.
We could explicitly note the order of the letters, but writing "1H2E3L4L5O" on paper isn't useful (besides being hard to read). You already know that E is the second letter because it's right after the H.
But you'll recall that UDP isn't as reliable as paper for keeping things straight. So, we add in ordering information. Our once simple hail (with redundant character and ordering information) is now:
Which looks like a lot of superfluous writing. However, when a computer receives this:
it can make some sense of it. Let's sort it out:
Throwing out obviously bad packets (R is not the fourth letter of the alphabet), duplicates (too many H's), and rearranging things: we get HEL_O. Not quite what we were expecting, but it's a whole lot better than LHRHEO.
So, what do we do about that missing L? That's where acknowledgement comes in.
Roger That, Houston
Another familiar protocol is the preflight check that pilots do before take-off--vital functions are read out, checked, and acknowledged: "Ailerons? Check. Rudder? Check."
This is known as lockstep acknowledgement, which is slow but has a number of advantages.
To begin with, the two parties never get out of sync. If the co-pilot didn't wait for the "check" before asking the next question, he might end up going too fast--question would pile on question until the pilot became overwhelmed. In computer parlance, keeping things at the right speed is called flow control. There are many schemes for doing this, but lockstep is one of the simplest.
Another significant benefit to lockstep is that there's only one thing happening at any given moment. In the case of a preflight check, this is so the pilot can focus entirely on checking for malfunction.
If the co-pilot mashed a couple of checks together: "Aerlons, rudder, elevators?", the pilot would have to remember three things at once. Furthermore, if he responded "Check, fail, check" the co-pilot would have to accurately recall what the second check was.
TFTP uses lockstep acknowledgement as both flow control and a means of error correction. A typical exchange would look like this:
"Here's the first letter."
"OK, got the first letter."
"Here's the second letter."
"OK, got the second letter."
The sender awaits an acknowledgement, and if it doesn't receive one it simply resends the packet until it does. But how does the sender decide if the packet is really lost? This brings us to timeouts.
Hello... Hello?
The essence of a timeout is: when all else fails, wait a bit, and then try again. It's a crude method, but it allows recovery from a wide range of failures. Imagine a conversation at the top of a lighthouse in a gale--a man opens the door and steps outside...
Man1: "Windy day!"
Man2: "What?"
Man1: "Huh? I didn't hear you!"
Man2: "What?"
Both parties give up. The man waits for a second and tries again:
Man1: "Windy day!"
Man2: "Ohh! Yeah."
The Internet is a very windy place--electronic counterparts of that conversation happen all the time. Timeouts are a last bulwark against total confusion.
However, timeouts have drawbacks, which is why they are often used only as safety nets. There can be a lot of time wasted between the message being lost and the clock running out, or the receiver might give up too soon.
Humans have an intuitive sense of time: the term "give me a sec" can mean anything from five seconds to five minutes depending on the context. Computers, on the contrary, have lousy intuition--they need to be told exactly how long to wait, down to the microsecond. So a human has to decide in advance how long "enough" should be.
As you can imagine this isn't an ideal solution. It's telling that the TFTP specification talks a great deal about timeouts, but never tells you how long they should be. Ultimately, the coder simply has to guess.
Of course, that's still better than the alternative, which is to wait forever.
Send in the Pocket Protectors!
In 1948, Claude Shannon published a paper called "A Mathematical Theory of Communication". It sparked off an entire field of science devoted to studying what happens to a signal in the midst of noise.
The three basic building blocks which we've looked at--redundancy, acknowledgement, and timeouts--seemingly simple, are actually real head-scratchers for these scientists. For instance: there are countless ways to put redundancy into a signal, but which is the best, and how much is needed over a static-sounding phone line? How about a fibre optic strand? Or a cell phone in a subway? Acknowledgement and flow control mechanisms range from the Neanderthal (like TFTP's) to the subtly nuanced. But like Zeno's paradox, we can't ever get all the way to either 100 percent guaranteed correct communication or complete transfer efficiency. Both can only be approached asymptotically.
And the stakes are high--depending on the circumstances, error correction as a percentage of transfer cost can reach up into the double digits. On your LAN it's not much of a big deal, but imagine sending program code to Mars probes, or bits to and from a 15,000 RPM hard drive, or data between thousands of p2p nodes. Shaving off a fraction of a percent of overhead is a big deal.
Billions of dollars are spent each year on cramming as much accurate information down a wire or through the air as possible and still resisting nature's idle meddling. Some of the best minds of our time have devoted their lives to it.
And to think, all this, just to say HELLO.


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The head of the family was an angel. So pure and highminded the Ancient of the Days called him one day and said," Down to the earth you go!" He ordered," this instant."
Me- Righteous, the angel took the form of a Native Indian and before he could count the toes of his feet he had got a family and three children. What's more he had Hurons for neighbors. Me-Righteous counselled Hurons how to plant corn and skin furs from otters; he taught them many useful things with which the tribe prospered. Naturally Me-Righteous become the patriarch. Everyday he taught his three sons: they were highminded, righteous and men of peace. One son taught the Hurons to trade and the second how to negotiate with those who were contrary. The third taught them to build settlements and manage lands. Under their guidance the tribe prospered. It was least expected but the French came to the scene and they had powerful muskets and technology that impressed the Hurons. They had to make peace with them in order to suvive. The Iroquois being envious of the Hurons instantly allied with the Dutch who also had firearms and lethal weapons.
Old Me-Righteous was old and by the time he woke up he found the whole area up in arms and blood was being shed wholesale. He called his three sons and faulted them for letting matter slide into blood feud.
" How come you have failed me?" the old man asked in bitter tears.
"Oh father we shall answer you after you put the same question to the Great Spirit in the Blue Yonder,"replied the eldest son.
There is something mighty peculiar: We rear our children with the best of intentions and give them every advantage our moral sense is capable of. Yet we fail to stop the evil from coming in. A Bermuda triangle into which, our 'goodness' disappears and none can be individually held responsible for.
Posts Tagged 'Native Americans'
A Fable: The Bermuda Triangle
Posted in fables, tagged Benny Thomas, Huron, Iroquois, Native Americans, The Bermuda Triangle on July 30, 2012| Leave a Comment »
The head of the family was an angel. So pure and highminded the Ancient of the Days called him one day and said," Down to the earth you go!" He ordered," this instant."


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Human Journalism – best articles from periodismohumano.com
echo date('d.m.Y',strtotime($post->post_date)); ?> ·
José Luis Gordillo and Mónica Hernández
Translation: Blanca G. Bertolaza
The persistence of the insurgent guerrilla in Chechnya is just the most abrupt exponent of what is still happening in the rest of the Caucasus. Even along the Georgian and Armenian borders, two countries that belong to the Council of Europe, gun shots and the capturing of prisoners cause dozens of victims every year. Almost two decades after the cease fire of their respective conflicts, the latent violence has not been appeased. On the contrary, their armies have rearmed and, according to the latest surveys, rejection among different ethnic groups is growing, based on religious or territorial rivalries and stirred up by mutual accusations by governments whose democratic legitimacy is sometimes questioned.
In the Caucasus, historically a land of conflicts due to its role as natural border between Asia and Europe, the usual course of action is for the dozens of ethnic groups that live there not to coexist, but instead to remain mostly segregated, even when they share the same territory. That involves obvious risks in a region as impoverished and lacking in democratic tradition as this one. In Armenia's case, the war against Azerbaijan for the control of the Nagorno-Karabakh region ended with a cease fire in 1994, but definitive peace has not yet been achieved, and there are sporadic shootouts along the border.
Between November 19th and 26th two Armenian Karabakh soldiers were shot and killed by snipers, and seven Azeri soldiers were killed in retaliation. According to reports by the High Karabakh security forces, this week the cease fire was violated 270 times. Last fall, the exhibitions of military might, in the form of parades on one side and the other, have led many to think about the possibility of a new war.
The governments of Armenia and Azerbaijan keep the tension along the borders high, but there is also a home front, among the civil population.
The data provided by Ashot Parsyán, director of the Erevan Hispanic Center, is chilling. According to the official surveys he handles, only 28% of Armenians approve of friendly relations with Azerbaijanis, but this figure falls down to barely 1% in the neighboring country. That is to say that virtually the whole of the Azerbaijani population flatly rejects any relationship with Armenia.
"They hate us deeply", admits Ashot, whose personal experience is a good example of the social violence of this conflict. Despite his Armenian ethnic origin, he was born in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, back when both countries were soviet republics, part of the USSR. Azerbaijanis, mostly Muslim, and Armenians, of ancient Christian beliefs, lived in peace during the 80s, but with the disintegration of the Soviet regime came also the territorial disputes and
the ethnic grudges. Ashot's family first had to stop speaking Armenian in public and finally had to flee Azerbaijan, fearing for their lives.
In fact, that conflict ended with 15,000 people dead and more than a million displaced. However, Ashot does not fell like a refugee. On the contrary, to him it was like returning home, and remembers his younger sister's happiness two decades ago, when she got off the plane and yelled out that she could finally speak in her mother tongue again. That does not stop him from regretting the current escalating tension as his country does not manage to overcome extreme poverty and the highest younger generations can aspire to is emigration.
Armenia's Permanent Representation to the UN has denounced several times that Azerbaijan "for years has been developing and carrying out a big-scale propaganda campaign to instill racial hate and intolerance towards Armenians". That is why more than 70% of Azerbaijani citizens are against the task of the Minsk Group in charge of the peace negotiations between the two countries. Not even Russia, who looks after the oil interests in the area, manages to smooth the way.
This alleged propagation of ethnic hate, a technique used by the political power to manipulate the population, might seem common in a country such as Azerbaijan, where accusations of fraud pile up each time elections are held. Different human rights organizations, especially Amnesty International, have been denouncing the disproportionate repression of the recent protests, inspired by the Arab Spring, against the authoritarianism and alleged corruption of the Azerbaijani regime. However, this popular opposition is harder to explain in Armenia, a country that seems to be free from such anti-democratic suspicions.
"Intolerance and ethnic hate exist in Armenia too", according to veteran Armenian journalist Onnik Krikorian. To illustrate his statement he recalls something that happened recently in Erevan, where no venue was able to house a film festival about Azerbaijan, due to the threats they received. Ashot believes that it is not just a question of religion, but that it also has to do with territorial issues, much like in Israel.
Armenia, which was the first country in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion, keeps closed its borders not just with Azerbaijan but also with Turkey. The only Muslim-majority country with which it keeps them open is Iran, and very reluctantly. On January 23rd the French Senate passed the law reform that penalizes the denial of the Armenian genocide by Turkish authorities in 1915, which caused such a huge exodus that right now 9 million people of Armenian origin live abroad and only 3 million live in that country. From now on, denying the Armenian genocide in France has the same penalty as denying the Jewish holocaust. Turkey has threatened France with taking it to the Human Rights Court over this decision, straining diplomatic relations.
century later, Turkey's refusal to admit the fact that that collective tragedy constituted genocide keeps wounds open and borders closed. Herminia is part of the new Armenian Diaspora, emigrating to flee poverty. She came to Spain almost a decade ago with her husband and her son, and not only does she manage to hang on here in spite of the crisis, but she has also brought over her mother and her brother. However, Herminia recalls that massacre as if she had experienced it first-hand. The details are exposed at the Erevan Genocide Museum,where each day fresh flowers are placed around the eternal flame that honors the victims, overlooking Mount Ararat, Armenia's national symbol, which, however, has been located in Turkish territory for a long time. Herminia is able to not think about her pressing work and family troubles for a while to look from one Diaspora to the other and emotionally state: "it was organized genocide".
That is what their Georgian neighbors think, but of Russia in their case, which they see as the continuation of the Soviet regime. Since the brief war that took place in August 2008 between Georgia and Russia, the Russian Army occupies the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, whose secession already provoked and armed conflict in 1995 in which almost 10,000 people died. Nowadays 150,000 people are affected by the clashes and there are 90,000 refugees who live on international aid, according to the European Commission's Humanitarian Office. They are the tangible result of the intolerance and ethnic cleansing on both sides of the borders in this region.
Amnesty International includes in its 2011 report references to the fact that the civil population still suffers "harassment and insecurity" in areas of Abkhazia, where there were even "reports about shootouts, homicides and arson fires". And regarding the war refugees, many organizations have spoken out about the illegality of the forced evictions that government authorities have been imposing in Tiflis. And about the recently built settlements for the displaced, "access to water, drainage and other basic services is insufficient", Amnesty insists.
The other consequences: closed and heavily-armed borders, skirmishes, reports of human rights violations, an impoverishment that is obvious in the very streets of the capital, Tiflis, and an intense national exaltation propaganda against "enemies" from Russia and other ethnic groups by the Georgian government. President Mikhail Saakashvili has been getting reelected since 2004 in spite of opposition protests alleging electoral fraud. The repression of the last protests, in last May, ended with two people dead and dozens injured.
However, by the summer the disturbances had quieted down and a striking permanent display was inaugurated in the Georgian National Museum, dedicated to the "soviet occupation". Upon entering the building, the security guard proudly informs the still scarce tourists who visit Tiflis that this exhibition has just been inaugurated on the fourth floor. It does not show up on the museum signs yet. As one enters the first room, there is a life-size image of a train wagon riddled with bullet holes fired from a machine gun that is lying right there. Next to this scene, pictures of corpses and long lists of the victims of the first attacks of the Red Army, in 1921, take up entire walls. The calm of the room is shattered by a thundering video projected on a large screen. It shows images of refugees, dead and wounded people, and bombings during the last war, in 2008, along with statements from former Russian President Vladimir Putin. The whole creates a dramatic but also unsettling effect. That same museum highlights the country's deep religious roots.
Georgia was the second country in the world to adopt Christianity, after Armenia, and both have their own Church, which vindicates its remote origins with strict rituals celebrated daily in the ancient monasteries spread across the country. A national institution, a symbol that plays a big role in the cohesion of the country under ethnic trademarks. Just like their unique
alphabet, which has completely replaced the Cyrillic alphabet imported by the Russians, which cannot be found anymore on any public buildings.
But Abkhaz and Ossetia are not Georgia's only territorial problems. Its westernmost region, of Turkish majority, is still under Turkish protectorate. On the eastern end, Azerbaijanis call for autonomy and identify mostly with Azerbaijan, while there is a majority of Armenian population in its southernmost region that also threatens with separatist movements. In Southern Caucasus, the temporary halt of armed conflicts, far from stimulating coexistence, has consolidated segregation among the different ethnic groups. Shootouts along the borders are only the symptom.
echo date('d.m.Y',strtotime($post->post_date)); ?> ·
By Monica G. Prieto (Tripoli, Lebanon) / Traslation Blanca G. Bertolaza
- Syrian activists create a private healthcare network to treat the victims of the repression in private homes
- According to Amnesty International, in government hospitals the patients are arrested, questioned and tortured even by the medical staffSome of the wounded are transferred to the north of Lebanon, where another network hospitalizes them and takes care of the expenses
The four young men lie in two rooms in one of Tripoli's main hospitals, bright and aseptic. They all have one thing in common: they were wounded during the repression in Syria and treated in private homes by doctors and nurses because they were scared to go to a public hospital, since the regime has turned them into "military bases", as Syrian activists and NGOs such as Avaaz and Amnesty International have reported.


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Jack Balkin:
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Corey Brettschneider
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Joey Fishkin
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Heather Gerken heather.gerken at yale.edu
Abbe Gluck abbe.gluck at yale.edu
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Marty Lederman
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Sanford Levinson
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Linda McClain
lmcclain at bu.edu
John Mikhail
mikhail at law.georgetown.edu
Frank Pasquale
pasquale.frank at gmail.com
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David Pozen
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Richard Primus
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K. Sabeel Rahmansabeel.rahman at brooklaw.edu
Alice Ristroph
alice.ristroph at shu.edu
Neil Siegel
siegel at law.duke.edu
David Super
david.super at law.georgetown.edu
Brian Tamanaha
btamanaha at wulaw.wustl.edu
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Mark Tushnet
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Adam Winkler
winkler at ucla.edu
Compendium of posts on Hobby Lobby and related cases
The Anti-Torture Memos: Balkinization Posts on Torture, Interrogation, Detention, War Powers, and OLC
The Anti-Torture Memos (arranged by topic)
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Health care logic
Saturday, October 15, 2011
Health care logic
Andrew Koppelman
One of the most fundamental problems with the constitutional case against the health care mandate is a persistent uncertainty about the coherence of the major premise. Jason Mazzone's recent post, for example, seems to be predicated on the notion that the Constitution is violated whenever Congress does anything unprecedented. If this preposterous premise were accepted, it would follow that all of the actions of the First Congress were unconstitutional.
The problem with your argument, (Or one of them, anyway.) is that it's generally understood that the limit identified in Lopez was blown through with Raich, putting us back in "anything goes" territory.
It's not so much that anything unprecedented is by definition unconstitutional. But, after over 200 years, it can reasonably be argued that, if in 200 years Congress hasn't tried to exercise a power, there's certainly no presumption the power is constitutional.
There would be a contradiction if Lopez had been based on the activity/inactivy distinction. But if one holds that Lopez was rightly decided because possession of a handgun near schools is not an activity within interstate commerce, then the fact that it is an activity is entirely irrelevant.
The only way Raich would get us back to "anything goes" is if Lopez and Morrison were reversed (at least sub silentio). But the economic/non-economic distinction developed in Lopez, and affirmed in Morrison, survived Raich.
If it is irrelevant whether gun possession near a school is an activity, then why is 2 true? Doesn't the limit already exist without having to create the activity/inactivity distinction?
Mazzone argued a "precedent" cited actually is not one. I don't see him making the "preposterous premise" that unprecedented congressional actions are unconstitutional. He actually left that question open in a reply he made to a comment I let.
Now, maybe some people accept that "preposterous premise," but his post isn't reliant on it. I think his post is partially wrong, as I argued, but not on that ground.
the "activity" test is irrelevant because the court concluded that it is not within interstate commerce. You need both "an activity" and "within interstate commerce". If possessing handguns near schools is not within interstate commerce, then the "activity" test is unnecessary—it could be an activity (as it is) and still be beyond congressional power.
Conversely, the mandate—as a regulation of inactivity—could be held to be "within interstate commerce" and still fail the "activity" test, hence falling beyong congressional power as well.
zarevitz: the "activity" test is irrelevant because the court concluded that it is not within interstate commerce
OK, but you didn't address whether, as a result, Andrew is then correct that 2 is false.
If 3 is true, then 2 cannot be. Lopez did not turn on the activity/inactivity distinction. Possession of handguns near schools is an activity. Yet those who make claim 2 often cite claim 3 as supporting evidence. I have not yet encountered a single person who embraces 2 but denies 3.
Lopez in no way contradicts the activity/inactivity proposition. Lopez is cited not as precedent on the activity/inactivity issue itself, but instead as precedent that the court eviscerated CC still provides some limits on Congress' power. Indeed, one of the proponents' arguments is that Congress has never before arrogated the power to regulate inactivity, a concept which is itself a contradiction in terms.
In his post, Koppelman does not claim that 2 is false. He claims that 2 must be false IF 3 is true. He is arguing about logic, without getting to the substantive issues of 2 or 3.
However, as we have explained, 2 and 3 are based on different grounds: 3/Lopez was based on the "within interstate commerce" test, while 2/challenge to the mandate is based on the "activity" test.
Therefore, no logical inferrence about 2 can be drawn from 3's truth. In this regard, Koppelman rightly critizes "those who make claim 2 often cite claim 3 as supporting evidence".
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Sanford Levinson, Written in Stone: Public Monuments in Changing Societies (Duke University Press 2018)
Mark A. Graber, Sanford Levinson, and Mark Tushnet, eds., Constitutional Democracy in Crisis? (Oxford University Press 2018)
Gerard Magliocca, The Heart of the Constitution: How the Bill of Rights became the Bill of Rights (Oxford University Press, 2018)
Cynthia Levinson and Sanford Levinson, Fault Lines in the Constitution: The Framers, Their Fights, and the Flaws that Affect Us Today (Peachtree Publishers, 2017)
Brian Z. Tamanaha, A Realistic Theory of Law (Cambridge University Press 2017)
Sanford Levinson, Nullification and Secession in Modern Constitutional Thought (University Press of Kansas 2016)
Sanford Levinson, An Argument Open to All: Reading The Federalist in the 21st Century (Yale University Press 2015)
Stephen M. Griffin, Broken Trust: Dysfunctional Government and Constitutional Reform (University Press of Kansas, 2015)
Frank Pasquale, The Black Box Society: The Secret Algorithms That Control Money and Information (Harvard University Press, 2015)
Bruce Ackerman, We the People, Volume 3: The Civil Rights Revolution (Harvard University Press, 2014)
Balkinization Symposium on We the People, Volume 3: The Civil Rights Revolution
Joseph Fishkin, Bottlenecks: A New Theory of Equal Opportunity (Oxford University Press, 2014)
Mark A. Graber, A New Introduction to American Constitutionalism (Oxford University Press, 2013)
John Mikhail, Elements of Moral Cognition: Rawls' Linguistic Analogy and the Cognitive Science of Moral and Legal Judgment (Cambridge University Press, 2013)
Gerard N. Magliocca, American Founding Son: John Bingham and the Invention of the Fourteenth Amendment (New York University Press, 2013)
Stephen M. Griffin, Long Wars and the Constitution (Harvard University Press, 2013)
Andrew Koppelman, The Tough Luck Constitution and the Assault on Health Care Reform (Oxford University Press, 2013)
James E. Fleming and Linda C. McClain, Ordered Liberty: Rights, Responsibilities, and Virtues (Harvard University Press, 2013)
Balkinization Symposium on Ordered Liberty: Rights, Responsibilities, and Virtues
Andrew Koppelman, Defending American Religious Neutrality (Harvard University Press, 2013)
Brian Z. Tamanaha, Failing Law Schools (University of Chicago Press, 2012)
Sanford Levinson, Framed: America's 51 Constitutions and the Crisis of Governance (Oxford University Press, 2012)
Linda C. McClain and Joanna L. Grossman, Gender Equality: Dimensions of Women's Equal Citizenship (Cambridge University Press, 2012)
Mary Dudziak, War Time: An Idea, Its History, Its Consequences (Oxford University Press, 2012)
Jack M. Balkin, Living Originalism (Harvard University Press, 2011)
Jason Mazzone, Copyfraud and Other Abuses of Intellectual Property Law (Stanford University Press, 2011)
Richard W. Garnett and Andrew Koppelman, First Amendment Stories, (Foundation Press 2011)
Jack M. Balkin, Constitutional Redemption: Political Faith in an Unjust World (Harvard University Press, 2011)
Gerard Magliocca, The Tragedy of William Jennings Bryan: Constitutional Law and the Politics of Backlash (Yale University Press, 2011)
Bernard Harcourt, The Illusion of Free Markets: Punishment and the Myth of Natural Order (Harvard University Press, 2010)
Bruce Ackerman, The Decline and Fall of the American Republic (Harvard University Press, 2010)
Balkinization Symposium on The Decline and Fall of the American Republic
Ian Ayres. Carrots and Sticks: Unlock the Power of Incentives to Get Things Done (Bantam Books, 2010)
Mark Tushnet, Why the Constitution Matters (Yale University Press 2010)
Ian Ayres and Barry Nalebuff: Lifecycle Investing: A New, Safe, and Audacious Way to Improve the Performance of Your Retirement Portfolio (Basic Books, 2010)
Jack M. Balkin, The Laws of Change: I Ching and the Philosophy of Life (2d Edition, Sybil Creek Press 2009)
Brian Z. Tamanaha, Beyond the Formalist-Realist Divide: The Role of Politics in Judging (Princeton University Press 2009)
Andrew Koppelman and Tobias Barrington Wolff, A Right to Discriminate?: How the Case of Boy Scouts of America v. James Dale Warped the Law of Free Association (Yale University Press 2009)
Jack M. Balkin and Reva B. Siegel, The Constitution in 2020 (Oxford University Press 2009)
Heather K. Gerken, The Democracy Index: Why Our Election System Is Failing and How to Fix It (Princeton University Press 2009)
Mary Dudziak, Exporting American Dreams: Thurgood Marshall's African Journey (Oxford University Press 2008)
David Luban, Legal Ethics and Human Dignity (Cambridge Univ. Press 2007)
Ian Ayres, Super Crunchers: Why Thinking-By-Numbers is the New Way to be Smart (Bantam 2007)
Jack M. Balkin, James Grimmelmann, Eddan Katz, Nimrod Kozlovski, Shlomit Wagman and Tal Zarsky, eds., Cybercrime: Digital Cops in a Networked Environment (N.Y.U. Press 2007)
Jack M. Balkin and Beth Simone Noveck, The State of Play: Law, Games, and Virtual Worlds (N.Y.U. Press 2006)
Andrew Koppelman, Same Sex, Different States: When Same-Sex Marriages Cross State Lines (Yale University Press 2006)
Brian Tamanaha, Law as a Means to an End (Cambridge University Press 2006)
Sanford Levinson, Our Undemocratic Constitution (Oxford University Press 2006)
Mark Graber, Dred Scott and the Problem of Constitutional Evil (Cambridge University Press 2006)
Jack M. Balkin, ed., What Roe v. Wade Should Have Said (N.Y.U. Press 2005)
Sanford Levinson, ed., Torture: A Collection (Oxford University Press 2004)
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Who Will Be the Next Microsoft CEO?
Microsoft said CEO Steve Ballmer will retire after the naming of a successor within the next 12 months. But who will fill the shoes of the longtime chief of the software giant? Marcelo Prince has details. Photo: AP.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
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Event Staff Position Information
Click Here to Apply to Be a Fan Host for the 2019 Season!
Job Description
Ticket Takers, Ushers, Parking & Security:
- Scan in/out patron tickets and credentials
- Assist patrons in finding seats, settle seating disputes and solve other customer concerns
- Direct patrons to restrooms, concession stands, ATM's and telephones
- Examine tickets or passes to verify authenticity, using criteria such as color and date issued
- Greet patrons attending entertainment events
- Provide assistance with patrons' special needs, such as helping those with wheelchairs
- Refuse admittance to disorderly patrons or persons without tickets or passes
- Search for lost articles or parents of lost children
- Verify credentials of patrons desiring entrance into press-box, permit only authorized persons to enter
- Guide patrons to exits or provide other instructions or assistance in case of emergency
- Maintain order and insure adherence to stadium policies
- Manage inbound and outbound traffic flows
- Provide security checks at our facilities (prohibited items check list)
- Additional responsibilities as assigned
Football Event Staff Position Requirements:
All Positions:
- Report a minimum of 2 hours prior to kickoff (this will vary depending on your position)
- Pay: $9.00/hr Event Staff & $9.25/hr Parking Staff
Ticket Takers/Security
- Required to work PRE-GAME, HALF-TIME, AND ONE RANDOMLY ASSIGNED QUARTER
- Approximate time worked: 3.5 – 4 hours
- Pay: 4 hours; $36 ($9.00/hr) & $37 ($9.25/hr) before taxes
- Required to work PRE-GAME, HALF-TIME, AND ALL QUARTERS
- Approximate time worked: 6-7 hours
- Pay: 6-7.5 hours; $54.00-$67.50 ($9.00/hr) & $55.5-$69.38 ($9.25/hr) before taxes
Nebraska Event Staff Program (approximate number of home events we have event staff working):
Fall: 40 (Football, Soccer, Volleyball)
Winter: 80 (M/W Gymnastics, Swimming/Diving, Indoor Track, Wrestling)
Spring: 70 (Baseball, Softball, Outdoor Track, Tennis)
Summer: 50 (Lincoln Saltdogs Baseball Team)
NSAA Championships: Football, Volleyball, M/W Basketball, Swimming/Diving, Baseball
Special Events: Post season Big Ten and NCAA events will vary year to year (normally 1-4 sports)
Other Home Sporting Events as Necessary
· Employee selection, during the scheduling process, of all non-football sports is based upon availability of positions, interest generated, years of service, and performance evaluation. Some jobs require lifting, extensive walking or standing.