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|Oral history
|Named Person:
|Elizabeth Gabler; Sean Connery; Tony Scott; Denzel Washington; Forest Whitaker; Whitney Houston; Angela Bassett; David Frankel; Meryl Streep; Anne Hathaway; Angela Bassett; Sean Connery; Anne Hathaway; Whitney Houston; Tony Scott; Meryl Streep; Denzel Washington; Forest Whitaker
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|Visual material
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Elizabeth Gabler; Susan Cartsonis; Women in Film (Organization); Women in Film Foundation.
|OCLC Number:
|1.5-hour interview completed under the auspices of the Women in Film Foundation.
Materials not viewed. Length of interview and summary based on transcript.
|interviewer, Susan Cartsonis.
Elizabeth Gabler (1956- ) discusses her idyllic childhood growing up in Long Beach, California, riding horses, maintaining academic excellence, and generating interest in many different activities. She continues with being the eldest of six children, setting a good example, and how that experience has translated over into her professional life as an executive managing people through difficult situations. She continues with opening a restaurant after college and its value in learning how a business operates. She continues with the three-and-a-half years she spent as an assistant at International Creative Agency (ICM), becoming a junior agent, and transitioning into a position at Columbia Pictures as a junior executive in 1983. She continues with her advice to young women that it is really about the work that matters and will be noticed, more so than who you know. She continues with the challenges of being an executive in a fast-paced environment that expects results quickly and her belief that just because a lot of people happen to get things done quickly doesn't necessarily mean the end product will be successful. She continues with her opinion that the shorter version of someone's career is not as essential as looking at the entire body of work over a long period of time that is essential in measuring success. She continues with examples of two big projects she worked on that took a number of years to make to the screen: MRS. DOUBTFIRE (1993) and CASTAWAY (2001). She continues with attending corporate meetings where she is the only woman in the room and gaining the studio's confidence and respect so that she is taken seriously. She continues with taking the position as President at Fox 2000 Pictures in 1999, coming into the organization during a time when the division needed to be re-organized and re-defined, and taking on that challenge one day at a time. She continues with her involvement in WALK THE LINE (2005), the difficulty of getting the film made, and keeping motivated when things were stacked against her. She continues with working with Sean Connery (1930- ) on ENTRAPMENT (1999), Tony Scott (1944- ) and Denzel Washington (1954- ) on MAN ON FIRE (2004), and developing creative partnerships with directors. She continues with the challenge of making WAITING TO EXHALE (1995) and working with Forest Whitaker (1961- ), Whitney Houston (1963- ), and Angela Bassett (1958- ). She continues with the steps it took to make THE DEVIL WEARS PRADA (2005), convincing David Frankel (1960- ) to take on the project as director, and casting Meryl Streep (1949- ) and Anne Hathaway (1982- ) in the leading roles. She continues with projects that did not get made, particularly having to telephone Amy Heckerling (1954- ) to inform her that her script for CLUELESS (1995) was being placed in turnaround because of the perception that there would not be an audience for it, only to have the script taken over by another studio and made into a success. She continues with her early career at Columbia Pictures that activated her interest in becoming a studio executive, what she enjoys about her current position, and ways in which her love of reading has influenced her interest in developing projects from books. She continues with the challenges of balancing a family with career and her opinion that it's not possible to have it all, so it's more important to be good at the thing that you are doing at the moment than to excel at everything. She continues with returning to her childhood passion of horseback riding as an outlet for managing stress, her love of animals, and her excitement in starting to shoot MARLEY & ME (2008), a story about a dog that inspires a couple to embrace life. She continues with her marriage to Lee Gabler (1940- ) and her family life, her future goal to follow the example of Sherry Lansing (1944- ) who has devoted her post-corporate life to philanthropy, and concluding with noting that her favorite film is GONE WITH THE WIND (1939).
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Related Subjects:(24)
- Gabler, Elizabeth -- Interviews.
- Connery, Sean.
- Scott, Tony, -- 1944-2012.
- Washington, Denzel, -- 1954-
- Whitaker, Forest.
- Houston, Whitney.
- Bassett, Angela.
- Frankel, David, -- 1960-
- Streep, Meryl.
- Hathaway, Anne, -- 1982-
- Mrs. Doubtfire.
- Castaway (Motion picture : 2001)
- Walk the line.
- Entrapment.
- Man on fire (Motion picture : 2004)
- Waiting to exhale.
- Devil wears Prada.
- Clueless (Motion picture)
- Marley & me.
- Women motion picture producers and directors -- California -- Los Angeles -- Interviews.
- Women in the motion picture industry -- California -- Los Angeles.
- Women in the motion picture industry.
- Women motion picture producers and directors.
- California -- Los Angeles.


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On the Vikes-Pack showdown, paying it forward all year long, the fiscal cliff, New Year's resolutions and union power.
Time to make those New Year's resolutions
It's the end of the year. Time for New Year's resolutions. Eating healthier or losing weight/exercising is a popular choice. But more often than not, they find themselves not fulfilling their goal soon after making a resolution, or not starting it at all. Usually a lack of motivation is behind it or everyone gets busy with their everyday lives. How about this: don't make such big goals. Start small. If your goal is eating healthier, remove temptation by locking away the junk food and give the key to someone else. If you don't want to go cold turkey, allow yourself one snack a week. If you want to work out more, post notes all over the notes to remind yourself to start exercising three times a week, then increase over a four-week period. It can be done, people.
Move away from that fiscal cliff
As of press time today, a solution to the United States' impending fall off the "fiscal cliff" appeared to remain out of reach. The financial implications of this are great, and we needn't share all the gory details in this space. But it won't, contrary to popular belief, be the end of the world. The U.S. will survive, although perhaps a little worse for wear. So who will be to blame if and when this happens? Republicans and Democrats in the Legislature, along with this whole divided partisan politics system. The American people want our legislators to work together, not counteracting each other's agendas and seeing to it that nothing gets done.
Stronger union power
A couple more did it earlier this month; after being locked out of their jobs at American Crystal Sugar for a second Christmas, they finally bit the bullet and took other jobs. They had to, right? What else are they supposed to do? There are bills to pay, groceries to buy, and vehicles that need gas and, without money, what can they do? Suffer, that's what. So as a result, we have a union membership that's a fraction of what it once was, thanks to people finding other jobs or simply retiring if they were of age, and a lockout that seems to get quieter by the day. Will there be another union vote? Will there be more "negotiations" that apparently aren't really negotiations at all? The answer is probably yes to both; otherwise, everyone's going to forget all about this, which is probably what the company wants anyway.
Vikes need to lean on AP Index on next meeting with Packers
Even a blind squirrel can find a nut once in a while. That's what fans of the Green Bay Packers must be thinking today as their favorite team was beaten by their hated rival Minnesota Vikings. The win not only boosted the Vikings into the playoffs, but setup a rematch in the Wild Card Round matchup next Saturday between the two teams. Christian Ponder seems to be finding the form he had earlier in the season when the Vikings took down the San Francisco 49ers. Nothing needs to be said about Adrian Peterson, except that he is making a strong case to be called the greatest running back ever. In two games against the Packers he has more than 400 yards rushing. And the Purple defense, although it allowed 34 points and 365 passing yards, made some key stops and allowed the Vikings to get out to a lead. Bring on the Lambeau lore. We have an AP for that!
Share the holiday spirit all year long
After New Year's Day on Tuesday, another holiday season will have come and gone and, even though we're enjoying a minute or two of extra daylight each day, the so-called dog days of winter will settle in. People might even find themselves in the doldrums. But it doesn't have to be that way. Like Bill Murray's character says in the 1980s film, "Scrooged," we can share the Christmas spirit every day of the year. Keep performing random acts of kindness, no matter how small they are. Keep paying it forward, even if that means buying the coffee for the next person in line. Keep being the first to say hello when you cross paths with someone in the grocery store aisle. Keep holding the door for the person behind you. It's easy. We can all do it.

subset: commoncrawl


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In November 2012, the California Coastal Commission met to consider a request by Pacific Gas and Electric to study a geologic fault that runs along the central California coast just 300 meters from the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant.
The Shoreline Fault had not been discovered until 2008. With the 2011 Fukushima disaster still fresh in people's minds, permission to examine it in detail might have been an easy call. But whale conservation groups opposed the study, claiming that underwater airguns to be used in the research would endanger marine mammals.
It was the latest round in a decades-long clash between seismologists and conservationists. The former use airguns to generate sound waves that penetrate and reveal Earth's structure; the latter worry that those sounds could injure or kill whales and dolphins.
"The thing is, nobody really knows how whales react to airgun shots," said Dan Lizarralde, a seismologist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI).
In an intriguing twist of fate, he and two WHOI colleagues think they may be able to shed light on that question—using an untapped trove of data from seismic studies.
It turns out that hydrophones (underwater microphones) and seismometers used in seismic studies don't record just the rumbling acoustic energy from airguns, seafloor volcanoes, and earthquakes. They also pick up the vocalizations of passing whales.
"We've been recording whales since the late '70s with these ocean-bottom instruments," said John Collins, a seismologist at WHOI. "In some ways, the whales are a problem, because they make loud sounds and they can obscure an earthquake." (See "Probing with sound," below.)
"John had mentioned it to me a couple of years ago," said WHOI cetacean researcher Laela Sayigh. "I remember him saying to me, 'I'm getting these sounds. What are the frequencies of blue whale sounds? Could it be them?' "
She looked at his seismic records and told him, yes, some of the sounds could definitely be attributed to blue whales. "Then I think he started thinking about it and realized, 'Wow, this could actually be an amazing data set that could be mined.' "
A plan began to take shape in Collins's mind. He invited Lizarralde and Sayigh, who did not yet know each other, to join him and his family for Thanksgiving dinner in 2011. The new acquaintances quickly found ample food for discussion: a 2002 Lizarralde-led research cruise during which conservation groups blamed airguns for the death of two whales.
That was the version of events Sayigh had heard, at any rate. She had never been told about the timeline showing that the whales had beached and died when Lizarralde's ship was still at least 100 kilometers (66 miles) away—and that hundreds of other whales and dolphins, observed by spotters on the ship and in small planes overhead, showed no signs of distress or even of interest in the research ship.
"Talking to Dan was very enlightening, because he had such a different take on it, and one that seemed to me more grounded in fact," said Sayigh.
They soon realized that data from the cruise had the potential to reveal whales' behavior before and after the airguns started firing. Lizarralde had used 36 airguns, ramping up the array one gun at a time, the shots about half a minute apart. The hydrophones, some near the surface and some on ocean-bottom seismometers, had recorded during that whole period, including long stretches before any guns fired and the silent gaps between shots.
"That is like the perfect experiment to assess how these animals are responding to airgun shooting," said Collins.
Excited about the possibilities, the researchers examined data recorded by Lizarralde's hydrophones. Although they looked very different from the kinds of spectrograms of sounds studied by whale scientists, Sayigh could identify within the data the calls of fin whales and blue whales. A flurry of higher-pitched sounds remains unidentified, and still more might be extracted.
But the potential is clear, especially for seeing what the whales were doing before the shots started and then during the ramp-up to full airgun use.
"Do they change their behavior? Do they go away?" said Lizarralde. "That would be the first thing you could look for, and it would be so easy to do."
There's just one small problem: Seismic data had seldom been used for that purpose before, and never in the detail the WHOI researchers have in mind. Recordings from OBS hydrophones could be especially valuable because OBSs are located in large arrays in precise geographical positions, which would allow researchers to track individual whales traveling through the area.
But to pull out whale sounds from the mass of recorded rumblings and present them in a way that allows biologists to distinguish the kinds and numbers of whales present will require sophisticated software that has not yet been created.
That will take money—nowhere near as much as the initial seismic study, but not a trivial amount, either.
It's what Lizarralde calls a "terraced" project—there was a big investment of effort and money to obtain the seismic records, and now "to do anything beyond this is another pretty decent step," he said. "It's not a million-dollar step; it's about a hundred-thousand-dollar step."
That's not a huge grant in ocean science, but as often happens with interdisciplinary studies, this one faces the problem of not quite fitting into the categories under which research proposals are evaluated.
"The biologists will be like, 'They're writing a bunch of code and looking at spectrograms; that doesn't sound like biology to me,' " said Lizarralde. "And the geophysicists are going to be like, 'They're not going to learn anything about the Earth, so …' We fall into that crack."
He and Sayigh recently received seed money from the WHOI Marine Mammal Center that will enable them to take a closer look at some of the data.
The potential for seismic data to enhance our understanding of whales goes far beyond the records from the 2002 study. Software developed for the purpose could be a Rosetta Stone allowing scientists to return with new eyes to collections of data from seismic surveys done all over the world. Since 1999, data from all seismic studies funded by the National Science Foundation and using Ocean-Bottom Seismographs have been archived in the Data Management Center at IRIS, the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology. Those data are available for analysis by anyone with the interest and means.
"The goal is that other people can milk the data for things that you haven't had time to work on or you don't even have an interest in doing," said Collins, who chairs the IRIS Instrumentation Committee. "It costs so much to get these data, the more people that use them, the better."
The scientists would especially like to see WHOI take the lead on this line of inquiry because, as Collins said, "Somebody else is going to do it. WHOI researchers have provided a huge amount of the data in IRIS. It would be nice for WHOI to say, "Hey look, WHOI showed that you can mine these data for other things.' "
Collins and Lizarralde also see a possibility of adapting ocean-bottom seismometers to detect the sounds of more kinds of whales in future studies. They could be outfitted with additional hydrophones that pick up the higher frequencies used by different species and that have something like a voice-activation switch, so they begin recording only when whale sounds are detected. Since the instruments are in place for many months, they could record the comings and goings of several species of whales in the deep sea through the seasons—information biologists currently have no other way to get. And they would do it without bothering the whales.
For Sayigh, the bottom line is that deciphering the seismic records offers a chance to get closer to answering the question: Do seismic studies harm whales?
Some kinds of sonar are known to harm marine mammals, but evidence that airgun shots endanger them is circumstantial at best, such as a whale washing up on a beach within a few days of a seismic experiment.
As a precaution, federal law requires scientists using airguns to employ marine mammal observers and to cease work if even one whale or dolphin is seen within about a mile of the ship. Such measures did not persuade conservation groups or the California Coastal Commission, which denied permission to do a seismic study near Diablo Canyon.
"To me it seems like a hasty evaluation by the marine mammal conservation community, sort of assuming that these seismic surveys are dangerous to whales," said Sayigh. "Which may well be a valid assumption, but I think it should be backed up with real data, not just coincidental strandings. I would love to work with Dan and John and use an existing data set that has so much potential."
Panel 1. This spectrogram of sounds was recorded by a hydrophone mounted on an Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) in the Gulf of California in 2002. The instruments recorded continuously but this panel shows only the periods when airguns were being fired. Dark blue portions of the spectrogram represent nighttime, dawn, and dusk when the airguns were not being fired. Color indicates the loudness of the sounds, with yellow being the loudest. WHOI researchers Laela Sayigh and Dan Lizarralde have identified the bright yellow signals ranging from about 17 to 30 Hertz as calls from fin whales.
Panel 2. Zooming in on a 5-hour span from Panel 1 shows more detail in the sounds. The brief "blank" periods between intense call activity represent short silences by the calling whale. The source of the sound that hovers around 40 Hertz is not known. The signal near the bottom of the panel is background noise that occurs in almost all recordings from seafloor hydrophones.
Panel 3. Zooming in on 5 minutes from Panel 2 reveals the presence of at least two fin whales, one much closer to the OBS hydrophone than the other. New software could pull out even more data from this and other recordings, allowing scientists to track individual whales and observe their calling behavior before and after airgun shots.
Dan Lizarralde's 2002 seismic study was funded by the National Science Foundation.
Seismologist Dan Lizarralde and cetacean biologist Laela Sayigh think new software could be developed to extract whale calls from recordings made by seismic instruments. If successful, their work could make seismic records a huge source of data on whale calls. (Cherie Winner, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)
Seismologist John Collins and geologist Susan Humphris with an Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS). OBSs are placed on the seafloor in precise lines or grid patterns and are usually left in place for several months to over a year. The orange plastic "hard hats" house instruments that record ground movements. Many OBSs are also fitted with a hydrophone, or underwater microphone, that records pressure (sound) waves, which may be made by ground movements, ships, or whales. (Tom Kleindinst, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution)


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Mike Marlin, 'Building a Bridge' – Free MP3 Download
To say British singer-songwriter Mike Marlin is a wearer of many hats is something of an understatement. He was a student of physics at Oxford, and after dropping out in his final year, he worked as a successful computer programmer. Marlin changed paths once more in 2009 to pursue music. It was then that he sat down and recorded his debut album, 'Nearly Man.'
Now, on his third album, 'Grand Reveal,' Marlin continues to reinvent himself, but this time, it's his music that's evolving. It's what you might expect if someone were to put Edgar Allan Poe's 'The Tell-Tale Heart' to music. You're not quite sure what's coming next, but you're certainly waiting in anticipation for the 'Grand Reveal.'
The suspense and mystery are only made possible by Marlin's dynamism as a musician. He has the baritone of a Matt Berninger, the theatricality of a David Bowie and the darkness of a Nick Cave — all of whom Marlin cites as influences.
Today's free MP3, 'Building a Bridge,' however, is one of the lighter moments of 'Grand Reveal.'
"I must have been in a good mood on the day I recorded as a duet with the amazing Bex Reichwald," Marlin told Diffuser.fm. "Look out for the Wurlitzer solo and an unusual outing for me on eBow."


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Many studies have linked adolescent cannabis use and risk of becoming psychotic later in life. However, the question of whether cannabis use actually causes some people to become psychotic is a difficult one to answer and the evidence remains inconclusive. Although it is possible that cannabis use could be a direct cause of mental illness, it is also possible that both usage and mental illness are caused by an underlying third factor. In support of this latter theory, a recently published study comparing family history of mental illness in people with schizophrenia who either have or have not used cannabis, suggests that heavy cannabis use and risk of mental illness are both related to an underlying genetic predisposition. Furthermore, long-term studies on cannabis use have generally not considered that personality characteristics that have been linked to mental illness might also prompt a person's decision to use drugs such as cannabis.
Cannabis, commonly known as marijuana and also by many other names, is one of the most popular recreational drugs in the world. Although many people try it without apparent ill effects, a large amount of evidence exists that individuals who engage in heavy cannabis use before the age of 18 have an increased risk of developing a psychotic mental disorder later in life (McLaren, Silins, Hutchinson, Mattick, & Hall, 2010). Testing whether or not cannabis use actually causes people to become psychotic is difficult to do, because the only truly conclusive way to do so would involve experimenting on a bunch of people and randomly assigning them to either be users or non-users for a long period of time, and assessing their mental health status before and after. Due to ethical constraints this is not possible (especially in the current climate of political correctness) so researchers have had to make do with alternative study methods. The strongest evidence for a causal role of cannabis comes from prospective cohort studies in which very large groups of people are initially assessed in regards to their mental health and drug use, preferably in adolescence, and then reassessed over a period of years. A review of 10 studies involving seven cohorts in six different countries showed that all but one of these studies found that there was an association between cannabis use and later risk of psychosis (McLaren, et al., 2010). For example, the first such study, and one the largest, assessed over 45,000 Swedish male conscripts aged 18 and then tracked how many were admitted to hospital for schizophrenia over the next 15 years. This study found that those who had used cannabis between 10 and 50 times before the age of 18 were three times more likely to be hospitalised for schizophrenia compared to non-users, while those who had used more than 50 times before age 18 had a six-fold risk compared to non-users. Several other cohort studies also found that heavier usage was associated with increased risk. To put this in perspective, schizophrenia occurs in less than 1% of the general population (van Os & Kapur, 2009), so even if with increased risk associated with heavy use, only a small minority of cannabis users would be affected.
While these prospective studies are consistent with the idea of cannabis causing later psychosis, insofar as usage preceded the development of symptoms and heavier usage was associated with higher risk, alternative explanations for the relationship between cannabis usage and psychosis cannot be ruled out. It is also possible that people who are at greater risk of becoming mentally ill are also more inclined towards cannabis usage, or that there is some third factor underlying both. For example, a limitation of the Swedish cohort study was that it did not assess whether participants who became mentally ill had also used other drugs after the age of 18, such as amphetamines, that might lead to psychotic symptoms (McLaren, Silins, Hutchinson, Mattick, & Hall, 2010). Furthermore, cohort studies mostly have not considered genetic factors or personality traits that are associated with heavy use of cannabis and with risk of psychotic disorder.[1] People who choose to engage in heavy cannabis usage might do so because they have characteristics that also predispose them to eventually become psychotic.
|Artistic view of how the world feels like with schizophrenia
The authors of a recent study have argued that that the genetic/familial risk of schizophrenia is what accounts for the association between cannabis use and schizophrenia (Proal, Fleming, Galvez-Buccollini, & DeLisi, 2014). That is, cannabis use is probably not the cause of schizophrenia but itself a manifestation of the underlying genetic factors that also case schizophrenia. This study compared people diagnosed with schizophrenia, who either did or did not have a history of heavy cannabis use in adolescence prior to the onset of their illness, with two comparison groups of people who did not have schizophrenia and who either did or did not have a history of heavy cannabis use in adolescence.[2] They then determined how many people in each group had first degree relatives who had been diagnosed with a psychiatric illness. This was done in order to assess the genetic/familial risk of schizophrenia for members of each group. If cannabis has a special causative effect in the development of psychosis that goes beyond pre-existing genetic risk, then cannabis users who had become psychotic would be expected to have a lower genetic risk compared to non-users who had become psychotic. What the authors found was that, compared to the two comparison groups, people with schizophrenia had the same elevated level of familial/genetic risk regardless of whether they had or had not used cannabis. Hence, they argued that it is the genetic risk that is most likely the cause of schizophrenia, and that cannabis use is unlikely to be the cause, although they admitted that it might hasten the onset of symptoms. Additionally, relatives of the two cannabis-using groups, had high rates of drug use in general, which is in line with research indicating that some people have a genetic predisposition to use drugs.
As well as family history of mental illness, certain psychological characteristics are associated with an increased risk of developing psychotic symptoms. Specifically, some people who are not clinically disturbed have certain tendencies that resemble mild psychotic symptoms, such as experiencing unusual perceptions (e.g. feeling that strangers can read you mind) and holding peculiar beliefs about the nature of reality (e.g. that aliens are influencing events on earth). Psychologists refer to these tendencies as schizotypy, because of their resemblance to more extreme symptoms observed in people with schizophrenia. People with high levels of schizotypy have an elevated risk of becoming fully psychotic later in life, although it is important to note that this only occurs in a minority of people with these tendencies[3] (Chapman, Chapman, Kwapil, Eckblad, & Zinser, 1994). Many research studies have found that heavy users of cannabis also tend to be high in schizotypy traits compared to non-users (Fridberg, Vollmer, O'Donnell, & Skosnik, 2011). Additionally, older users tend to have more severe schizotypy traits compared to younger users, suggesting that symptoms might increase over time in users. Once again, it is difficult to say whether having schizotypy traits predisposes people to use cannabis, or whether using cannabis increases schizotypy. It is also possible there could be a two-way relationship. However, there is some evidence that schizotypy traits in heavy users tend to emerge before they first start using. One survey of users tested this by asking participants who indicated that they had schizotypy symptoms to estimate when they first noticed them occurring, and to state when they first began to use cannabis (Schiffman, Nakamura, Earleywine, & LaBrie, 2005). In the majority of cases, participants said that they had first noticed having schizotypy symptoms a few years before ever using cannabis. Of course this does not necessarily mean that schizotypy causes people to use cannabis, but it may well be a factor. More to the point, it is possible that heavy cannabis users may have an increased risk of psychosis because they naturally tend to be higher in schizotypy traits, rather than because of their drug use. However, it is also possible that the two act in combination and may be mutually reinforcing.
Schizotypy also tends to be associated with other personality traits that may be relevant to mental health, such as high neuroticism, and low conscientiousness and agreeableness. Neuroticism has been identified as an independent risk factor for schizophrenia in prospective studies (van Os & Jones, 2001) and for mental disorders in general (Malouff, Thorsteinsson, & Schutte, 2005). Although heavy cannabis users tend to be higher in schizotypy than non-users, they do not tend to be higher on neuroticism, although they do tend to be lower than non-users in conscientiousness and agreeableness, as well as higher in openness to experience (Fridberg, et al., 2011). The majority of users, even heavy users, do not go on to develop psychotic mental disorders, so perhaps there is a particular subset of users who are most at risk. Fridberg et al. suggested that those who are not only high in schizotypy but also high in neuroticism and openness to experience as well as low in conscientiousness and agreeableness might be particularly vulnerable. People who have a family history of mental illness would also be of particular concern.
To reiterate, determining the nature of the causal connection between cannabis use and psychosis is very difficult. It is possible that cannabis use during adolescence has a direct causal role, perhaps due to the drug's influence on the developing brain. However, the reasons that a person chooses to take up cannabis use in the first place may reflect pre-existing risk factors for psychosis, such as such as genetic/familial risk and schizotypy traits. Future research studies should take these factors into account in order to better help identify individuals who may be at the greatest risk of harm.
[1] One cohort study using a genetic test found that in heavy users with a specific genetic polymorphism had an increased risk of psychosis compared to heavy users without it (Caspi et al.). However, a later study failed to confirm this result (McLaren, et al., 2010a).
[2] The authors were careful to include only people who had not used any other illicit drugs.
[3] In fact, some people with schizotypal tendencies are otherwise well-adjusted. Schizotypy is often associated with creativity and professional artists and stand-up comedians tend to be high in these traits.
Image Credits
Mystic Weed Rose by MorbidKittyCorpse at Deviant Art
Schizophrenia/Internal Symmetry by Craig Finn courtesy of Wikimedia Commons
Use of these artworks is permitted by the Creative Commons Licence and does not imply endorsement by the artists.
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© Scott McGreal. Please do not reproduce without permission. Brief excerpts may be quoted as long as a link to the original article is provided.
This article also appears on Psychology Today on my blog Unique - Like Everybody Else.
Posts I have written about psychedelic drugs (which are not linked to psychosis)
Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Cannon, M., McClay, J., Murray, R., Harrington, H., . . . Craig, I. W. Moderation of the Effect of Adolescent-Onset Cannabis Use on Adult Psychosis by a Functional Polymorphism in the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene: Longitudinal Evidence of a Gene X Environment Interaction. Biological Psychiatry, 57(10), 1117-1127. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.026
Chapman, L. J., Chapman, J. P., Kwapil, T. R., Eckblad, M., & Zinser, M. C. (1994). Putatively Psychosis-Prone Subjects 10 Years Later. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(2), 171-183.
Fridberg, D. J., Vollmer, J. M., O'Donnell, B. F., & Skosnik, P. D. (2011). Cannabis users differ from non-users on measures of personality and schizotypy. Psychiatry Research, 186(1), 46-52. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2010.07.035
Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B., & Schutte, N. S. (2005). The Relationship Between the Five-Factor Model of Personality and Symptoms of Clinical Disorders: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 27(2), 101-114.
McLaren JA, Silins E, Hutchinson D, Mattick RP, & Hall W (2010). Assessing evidence for a causal link between cannabis and psychosis: a review of cohort studies. The International journal on drug policy, 21 (1), 10-9 PMID: 19783132
Proal, A. C., Fleming, J., Galvez-Buccollini, J. A., & DeLisi, L. E. (2014). A controlled family study of cannabis users with and without psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 152(1), 283-288.
Schiffman, J., Nakamura, B., Earleywine, M., & LaBrie, J. (2005). Symptoms of schizotypy precede cannabis use. Psychiatry Research, 134(1), 37-42. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2005.01.004
van Os, J., & Jones, P. B. (2001). Neuroticism as a risk factor for schizophrenia. Psychol Med, 31, 1129 - 1134.
van Os, J., & Kapur, S. (2009). Schizophrenia. The Lancet, 374(9690), 635-645.


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Moffat County basketball wins to play in early tournament championship
December 8, 2012
Today's game…
What: Cowboy Shootout Championship
Who: Moffat County vs. Meeker/Snake River winner
When: 2 p.m.
Where: Meeker High School
The Moffat County boys basketball team is staring at a chance to win the Cowboy Shootout today, but its two wins to get there have come in strikingly different ways.
The Bulldogs followed up an 81-44 dismantling of Soroco Thursday with a much messier 56 – 49 win over Rangely at Meeker High School Friday night.
Sophomore Tyler Davis led Moffat County with 21 points and made a few key plays down the stretch in a game that turned out to be much closer than it looked like it would be after one half. Head coach Eric Hamilton said it best after the game.
"We never could get a rhythm going tonight," Hamilton said. "That's probably credit to Rangely's defense. It threw the kids off a little bit, we did make very good adjustments as a coach. We showed how young we really are tonight. It was just ugly from start to finish."
After the first quarter the Bulldogs led 18-14, and they put a run together in the second quarter, getting out on the fast break several times and scoring quickly. MCHS outscored Rangely 11-4 to take a 29-18 lead into halftime and appeared to be on its way to another comfortable win.
But Rangely was up to the task in the second half and clawed its way back into the game with tough defense. A 2-3 zone which extended all the way to the midcourt line gave Moffat County fits for much of the second half.
Recommended Stories For You
The Bulldogs scored the first two baskets of the fourth quarter to go ahead 45-33, but struggled for the next several minutes. Rangely mounted a furious rally to pull within two points with three minutes remaining.
During the comeback the MCHS offense had gone stagnant and was turning the ball over. They had to regroup, Davis said.
"We just stayed calm and told each other to ease up, slow down and run the offense," he said. "Just get good shots and hit them."
The Bulldogs did calm down and made enough plays down the stretch to win. Davis had a baseline three bounce off the rim, then off the top of the backboard before going in. Later he would drive the lane and dish to senior Tyler Hildebrandt to give MCHS a 53-49 lead.
Hamilton was happy to win, but was not impressed with it.
"They made a run on us, scored four or five unanswered buckets," he said. "Our rebounding was just atrocious tonight. We can't run our fast break if we're not rebounding. You want to win better than that, but we'll take the W."
The win earned Moffat County a trip to the championship game, to play either Meeker or Little Snake River Valley. Hamilton said the Bulldogs will need to play better in order to win today.
Davis agreed, putting out a simple key to the game.
"Defense," he said. "Straight on, it's defense. If we play better defense, we win."
Nate Waggenspack can be reached at 875-1795 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Follow Craig Daily Press sports coverage on Twitter at @CDP_Sports.
Today's game…
What: Cowboy Shootout Championship
Who: Moffat County vs. Meeker/Snake River winner
When: 2 p.m.
Where: Meeker High School


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Schott US Black CARGO Schott CARGO Schott US Black CARGO qfOxnwXFW1
Black Schott US Schott CARGO Black CARGO Schott CARGO US "announced" in English
(Definition of "announced" from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)
Examples of "announced"
These examples of announced are from the Cambridge English Corpus and from sources on the web. In English, many past and present participles of verbs can be used as adjectives. Some of these examples may show the adjective use.
These examples are from the Cambridge English Corpus and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.
There was both relief and enthusiasm among the profession when an international architectural competition was announced.
Doors and windows celebrated this figurative distinction as a threshold, announced by decoration, so that the hole punctured in the solid wall became a focus of architectural meaning.
However, it will not be announced in the most general periodic setting.
The same result has already been announced but with far more technical proof.
In areas where allocations are announced annually, as a per centage of water rights, it is important that the process of determining the allocation is transparent.
A series of changes and additions will be announced throughout 1995 as we further develop and implement our strategy for meeting the ambitious goals set out in our first issue.
First, the timing of the strike must be announced in advance so that the public's need for making alternative arrangements can be anticipated.
Instead, she announced the 'short, sharp shock,' ditching the indigestible, technical verbosity of civil servants in favor of a register which would appeal to tabloid editors and readers - anywhere.
The announced estimate is as follows.
Similar but less detailed results were later announced in.
Most of the results from the following section have been announced in.
An analogous result was announced in and never published.
The first tranche of disc publications announced included the following.
At the time of writing, a further 22 titles have been announced for autumn 1991 and spring 1992.
State hegemony has been partial and elusive: policies may be announced but hardly imposed ; they may produce resistance when intended to induce consent (paradox, contradiction).
Create and share your own word lists and quizzes for free!
CARGO CARGO Schott Schott CARGO Schott Black US US Black More meanings of "announced"
Word of the Day
a large reptile with a hard skin that lives in and near rivers and lakes in hot, wet parts of the world. It is like an alligator, but it usually has a longer and narrower nose


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For simple analog models, pull the crown out the time setting position, leave there for 30 seconds, return the crown to the closed position next to the case, then set the time. For other than simple analog models (perpetual calendar, multi-function and specialty pieces), please refer to your instruction manual or the instruction sets on our web site for the all reset and 0-positioning procedures.
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Battlefield 4 Trailer: Have Multiplayer Your Way
DICE released a new multiplayer trailer for its upcoming shooter sequel Battlefield 4, which showcases the variety of ways you'll be able to play the Frostbite 3-powered title.
While there's a lot to observe in the short three-minutes this trailer runs, the overall vibe has us excited for a Battlefield game for the first time in a few years. The last entry was solid, but unspectacular, however all the upgrades coming with Frostbite 3 make Battlefield 4 look like a can't-miss title.
In addition to seeing how BF4's multiplayer looks in standard style, we also get a glimpse at Commander mode in action. In this mode, you actually get an overview look at the entire map so you can better direct squads into action, and summon powerful attacks when needed. Levelution plays a big factor, too, and is on full display here, and we can't wait to start bringing buildings down on our own.
Check out the trailer, and start preparing yourself for war. The open multiplayer beta kicks off on the PC, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on Oct. 4. Battlefield 4 will be available on Oct. 29 for those platforms, with the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One getting the game at their respective launches.


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Julianne Meagher
Julianne graduated from WAC with a BA in Clinical-Counseling Psychology with a minor in Drama. She immediately entered the Masters in Social Work at The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., graduating in 2008. She is currently a Child and Adolescent Psychotherapist at an outpatient mental health clinic in Baltimore, MD where she primarily works with elementary school aged children. Julianne is currently taking courses toward a specialization in Play Therapy, which has been a goal since her days at WAC. She continues to be thankful to the professors in both the Psychology and Drama departments for providing her with a well-rounded and incredibly fulfilling college experience.
Chestertown has continued to play a prominent part in Julianne's life since graduation. In September 2008, she became engaged to Michael Meagher (class of 2004) at the Chester River waterfront. Julianne and Michael married in August 2009 with several of their classmates from Washington College in attendance.


text: Platinum, sometimes referred to as "Fire," is the visual het for either Leucistic, or Ultra Ivory. This means there are actually 2 known lines of Platnum, and when bred together, these will produce Ivories. Platinums are identified by subtle changes in pattern, and an overall lightening of the base color of the snake. Sometimes difficult to distinguish from normals at birth, anything with the Platinum gene will get more and more intense as it ages, growing into a beautiful lemon yellow and black animal.


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In Omaha, the police foundation stepped in with support when an officer, the mother of four, died of cancer. In New York City, the police foundation spent thousands beefing up computer equipment to process crime data. And in Palm Beach, the police department's foundation collects donations to offer university scholarships to officers' children.
More than 200 police foundations across the country, nonprofits run by private citizens and embraced by the rank and file, do similar work, generally without controversy.
Not so in Sarasota, where a new police foundation was blasted as a potential "slush fund" and a "can of worms" for Sunshine Law entanglement.
In the face of such criticism, the fledgling foundation's leaders plan to look to the Sarasota City Commission next month for political support. Organizers of the Sarasota Police Foundation, Inc., have said they may shelve plans for the nonprofit if it is not backed by city leaders.
Unveiled earlier this month, the foundation, which is meant to support the Police Department through grants and private donors, immediately drew fire. First Amendment advocates suggested it should be open to public scrutiny, and Mayor Shannon Snyder questioned why the department sought out a private stream of funding. Since then, the city attorney has said it is still unclear if the foundation would be subject to Sunshine Law.
Most police foundations and similar nonprofits are not, and many foundations around the country tout their success in providing equipment and training that city budgets cannot pay for.
But executives from some of the nation's largest police foundations say they can function only if they are embraced by city leaders.
Pamela Delaney, a retired president of the New York City Police Foundation, said such controversies are rare. Of more than 200 police foundations around the U.S., including several in Florida, she could not recall any being derailed over the concerns raised here. But, she said, these foundations require a certain amount of political goodwill.
"It's not an easy thing to create," she said. "You have to make sure all of the stakeholders are on board."
In Sarasota, there are doubts about who is on board. The foundation is scheduled to make its case publicly at the Jan. 6 City Commission meeting.
"Otherwise, the foundation will not stand a fighting chance, and the corporate shell will have to be put back on ice for another five years, awaiting the day when the idea may get a warmer reception," said Sarasota attorney Dan Bailey, representing the foundation.
There will be at least some support from City Commissioner Suzanne Atwell, who noted that the Police Department requires a huge chunk of the budget each year, and always needs more. "I just think this is something we need to move forward with," Atwell said. "My concern is that it's being nipped in the bud without any discussion."
City Attorney Bob Fournier has already advised commissioners that it is possible, but far from certain, that the Sunshine Law would apply to the police foundation because of its connection to the Police Department.
"I think people were jumping to conclusions," Fournier said. Much depends on the relationship between the department and its nonprofit supporter, he said, which so far exists mainly on paper.
A press conference earlier this month unveiling the foundation may have left the wrong impression, Fournier said. After Police Chief Bernadette DiPino appeared with Valerie Pober, her friend and the new executive director for the foundation, some thought that the police chief controlled the foundation. DiPino has since issued statements saying that she does not lead the foundation and that it is separate from the police department.
Bailey will try to further clarify that relationship for commissioners next month. The foundation is still under the control of board members who organized it in 2008, when it failed to take off and lay dormant until now. Pober has volunteered to serve as executive director but has not yet assembled a board of directors, and though she has received donations, she won't be able to deposit them into a bank account for the foundation until a new board is in place.
Since the foundation was announced publicly, two candidates for the board have withdrawn their names from consideration, and Pober said she was holding off on making board appointments until the foundation's future is clearer.
Pober was surprised that the police foundation was met with suspicion, she said, and thought it made sense that DiPino would reach out to her as a supporter. "It's really not a new concept to hit the planet," she said. "I'm a concerned citizen; I'm not on anyone's payroll."
Delaney, the former New York City Police Foundation president, said she thought the Sarasota group ought to be able to allay concerns if it appointed a qualified board and followed best practices. The "slush fund" charge, she said, was often leveled at foundations but almost never became reality.
Delaney said she was impressed with Pober when they met at a police foundation conference in Philadelphia earlier this year. "She asked a lot of questions," Delaney said. "She was very much interested in making sure all the i's were dotted and the t's crossed. And not everyone does that."
Skepticism jeopardizes fledgling police foundation
In Omaha, the police foundation stepped in with support when an officer, the mother of four, died of cancer. In New York City, the police foundation spent thousands beefing up computer equipment to process crime data. And in Palm Beach, the police department's foundation collects donations to offer university scholarships to officers' children.


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Once again, welcome to the expanded Mets Chat Room. I've linked up with Metsmerizedonline.com to bring you to the ground floor regarding chat rooms and blogs.
In addition to being hooked up to another successful Mets blog, we will eventually be linked to other blogs from around baseball.
To access, please click onto the Mets Chat Room icon to the left of this post. It will bring you to another page. At the bottom on the right is where you can click on to register. If you can use your same screen names that would be great. If not, do the best you can.
This is an experiment. It is a work in progress. I am greatly optimistic about the future of this type of chat room.
I thought last night went very well with a lot of engaging talk.
Thanks for your participation.
Tonight the Mets will give the ball to Jonathan Niese, who is coming off a terrible start in which he gave up seven runs in 5 2/3 innings against Florida.
Here's a number that carries volumes. David Wright is batting .070 (3-43) in 12 games against the Braves this year. The Mets have scored three runs or less in 11 straight games against Atlanta.


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Welcome back to the Purdue students. You are about six weeks ahead of the students at UniSA (in Adelaide, South Australia) who will return to Uni in early March.
We thought it might be useful to give you some 'gold passport' tips towards winning academic writing. Here is a triangle we use here at UniSA which is based on the work of Kaldor, Herriman and Rochecouste (1998). It lists the hierarchy of things you need to get right in writing at Uni. It's not that any of these are any less important than the others, but they generally occur in this order when writing. In other words, you need to get the big picture right first.
Understand the question, task or form
Is it an essay you are writing? Is it a report? Each of these genres will have particular attributes. Essays, for example, are continuous prose which more often than not explore a particular argument. Reports are exemplified by their headings and subheadings - they are highly structured and objective.
Introductions, conclusions, sections - structure
Your work should have a clear introduction (aim or statement of position, purpose, academic definitions of key terms); conclusion (summary, point to the future) and logical 'sections' (topic sentences in the case of an essay; logical headings and subheadings in the case of a report).
Quality sources and citation
You should aim to use for up-to-date sources - ideally from academic journal databases. Wikepedia is generally out (although probably OK for gaining an understanding of a topic). Make sure you know about paraphrasing and reporting the ideas of others.
Your reference list may well be the first place a lecturer (professor) goes before reading your paper and they will be looking at the breadth of sources used as well as their quality.
In text referencing and reference list
The mechanics of referencing are important. If you are using, say, the Harvard system, then find a guide which gives you information about the conventions and layout (where all the punctuation goes).
Clarity, grammar, punctuation
These are also important, as they give your work the professional touch. Without attention to these things your work is demeaned and the meaning of what you're communicating can be compromised.
Be sure to post a comment about your best academic writing tip. What have YOU been rewarded for?
Andrea and Susanna


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Recent Posts
Tag Archives: Xerox
Fastest Way To Gender-Balanced Leadership – Appoint A Woman CEO
By Lynn Harris | Published: September 22, 2010
First published in The Glass Hammer September 2010 Corporations are now as powerful, or sometimes more powerful, than governments. It therefore matters a lot who sits on their boards and executive teams. These are the people who set strategy and make decisions that affect all of our lives. Some of these companies are smart enough […]
Posted in Uncategorized | Also tagged American and Western Union Holdings, Archer Daniels Midland, avivah wittenberg cox, Avon, CEO, diversity, gender-balance, J Sainsbury, Kraft Foods, leadership, National Grid, Pepsico, Rite Aid, Sara Lee, Sodexo, Sunoco, TJX Companies, Wellpoint, women, womenomics | Comments closed


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Personal trainers are here to help you. They want you to succeed as much as you do, and sometimes even more than that.
While we realize you can find everything on the internet, in books, or in magazines, its also good to seek help when you need to. To stay healthy we get regular check-ups at the doctor and dentist. So why is it so hard to ask for help at the gym? It's as though it's another universe! Everyone is uncomfortable when setting foot in a new place, especially a health center. The only thing to remember is that its better to look like a fool than to hurt yourself. You can always prove that you're not a fool, but the road to recovery from injury is a long one. This is why personal trainers are so important and useful. Some reasons why include:
They make sure you are doing it correctly. The job of a trainer is to help you get fitter/healthier. So we want you to be doing exercises correctly so you don't hurt yourself. If you end up injured, you end up going backwards which negates all the hard work both the trainer and client put in. They push you only as hard as they need to challenge you, we won't push you so hard that you hurt yourself.
They give you new ideas and exercises that you might not have thought of. Trainers are full of exercises. They can give you exercises to work muscles you haven't even heard of!
Trainers provide excellent support. Not just physical as in spotting you, but also as in emotional and mental. They help you break through any barriers that may be stopping you from reaching your health goals. They encourage you to challenge yourself so you can grow and become stronger.
Not all trainers are the same. Some are harsher and some are sweetly motivating. This way you can pick which one works the best for you. If hardcore is your style, then maybe you want a harder trainer. If you're just starting out, you may want to stick with a bubblier option.
Personal trainers are here to help you. They want you to succeed as much as you do, and sometimes even more than that. Trainers love to see a client break through a plateau they've been having trouble with for a while. So do yourself a favor and ask for help today! For more information, contact the Wayne County YMCA at (570) 253-2083, or at ymcawayne.com.


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Now available is Turtle Beach's latest addition to their Earforce line of high-end headphones, the X1. These headphones are compatible with the PC or Xbox 360 through USB connectivity—yes, they do allow you to talk smack over Xbox Live—and are available now for $60.
Turtle Beach is known for making high quality audio equipment, so these shouldn't be any different. The X1 headphones are also nice because you can easily swap them between the PC and Xbox 360.


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Law and Order: Countering the threat of crime in Tanzania
Let's think together: Every Sunday the World Bank in Tanzania in collaboration with The Citizen wants to stimulate your thinking by sharing data from recent official surveys in Tanzania and ask you a few questions.
For many Tanzanians the fear of crime is a daily reality, especially for those living in urban areas. It negatively affects their quality of life as it makes them feel insecure and vulnerable as they go about otherwise normal activities. A few facts:
- In 2010/11 about 390,000 households (four per cent) reported that they had been severely affected by hijacking, robbery, burglary or assault (over the previous year).
- Residents of urban areas are about three times more likely than those in rural areas to be victims of these crimes.


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JeriKan Motorcycle #6
Parked toKawasaki Motorcycles
byGoodhal Garage
I owned a 1990 Kawasaki Zephyr 550, and JeriKan used a 1995 model for their sixth build, and I'm ecstatic! My Zephyr took me to several states, and never let me down. To see one customized so nicely is a real treat for me.
Vehicle Info: 1995 Kawasaki ZR550-B1 ZEPHYR
More from this Profile:
Garage Aprilia Motorcycles
Garage BMW Motorcycles
Garage BSA Motorcycles


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Racer49 needed a new logo design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 240 designs submitted by 74 freelance designers.
This a unique business for the UK and one that covers a major problem here, a big lack of dentists. Concept Clinics have developed 2 solutions. The company has developed a "portable" dental surgery, and also a mobile surgery in a truck. The idea is to cover the areas in the UK that have no "dental" coverage, as well as going to "Care Homes" and businesses.
Well as you will see from a visit to the current website (new designs already sorted) the existing logo/brand is very weak indeed, in fact personally I'm not really sure where that came from because ir does not even remotely resemble the business model.
http://www.conceptclinics.co.uk (dont even think about the site its terrible I know)
- I'm after a very strong logo that portrays this unique buisness model. The logo has to work on the website, on the clothing, on the collateral and has to be strong enough to work for the public and government sectors.
- I really don't want to see "teeth" forming the any part of the new logo/brand
Find out how a design contest works or learn more about our logo design services.


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Jenny McCarthy has defended her cousin actress Melissa McCarthy after the "Bridesmaids" star was compared to a "female hippo" by an outspoken film critic.
The Oscar-nominated actress was subjected to a scathing review of her new movie "Identity Thief" by New York Observer writer Rex Reed, who complained about her plus-size figure, calling McCarthy "tractor-sized," a "female hippo" and a "humongous creep."
Reed also dismissed McCarthy's career as a study in "being obese and obnoxious with equal success," and his comments prompted a backlash from the actress' friends and co-workers.
"Bridesmaids" director Paul Feig took to Twitter on Friday to voice his distaste, writing, "For his catty and school bully name-calling of the supremely talented Melissa McCarthy, I cordially invite Mr. Rex Reed to go [bleep] himself."
Now, McCarthy's chat show host cousin Jenny has spoken out in her defense, branding Reed's negative comments "wrong and hurtful."
She tells E! Online, "I don't have the whole story, but I do know that, after being in this business 20 years, it's really crummy that you get attacked in your personal life in general. … That's obnoxious in itself. For anyone to attack like that, it's just wrong and hurtful, and it doesn't do anyone any good – not even Rex Reed, you know? She's very talented and people know that so he can go to hell."


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Another Memphis park may be getting a name change just as the controversy over three Confederate-themed parks starts to move again at City Hall.
The statue at Christopher Columbus Park in Downtown Memphis may be moving to Marquette Park in East Memphis at the request of the Memphis chapter of the Italian-American organization UNICO.
(Daily News/Brian Johnson)
But unlike the controversy surrounding those parks, there doesn't appear to be any disagreement about the changes for Columbus Park, a tiny patch of land at Adams Avenue and Third Street.
The Memphis chapter of UNICO, the Italian-American organization, has approached the Memphis City Council about moving the statue of Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in the Downtown park to Marquette Park in East Memphis, site of the annual Memphis Italian Festival.
UNICO commissioned the statue of Columbus by sculptor Archimedes A. Giacomantonio and unveiled it in October 1987. A few years later, the Memphis Italian Festival debuted in the East Memphis park named for longtime Memphis Park Commission employee Pep Marquette.
"They really have no connection there at Adams and Third," said council member Jim Strickland, who was approached by leaders of the Memphis UNICO chapter. "They will pay for the move. It won't cost the city anything. Move and no longer call it Columbus Park. Put the Columbus statue in Marquette Park and maybe even call it Columbus Circle in Marquette Park."
Leaders of the Memphis UNICO chapter could not be reached for comment.
Strickland also has some ideas about what to do with the pocket park if Columbus pulls up anchor.
He wants to honor the group of African-American attorneys who were the vanguard of the local civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s. His idea comes from a picture in his office of the group of attorneys gathered around a judge's bench during a hearing for one of the early sit-ins of the movement in Memphis where they represented the protestors. The group, including attorneys Benjamin Hooks and Russell Sugarmon, later became judges themselves.
"That's the inspiration for a park honoring that generation of lawyers who helped fight for the civil rights movement in the '60s," Strickland said. "And it's right across from the courthouse; I thought that would make sense. The Ben F. Jones Bar Association chapter is interested in trying to sponsor that. It will be no cost to the city – any of it – and I think it will be beneficial to everyone."
Meanwhile, council member Bill Boyd, chairman of the council's parks committee, said he intends to push for a council vote on permanently renaming the three Confederate-themed parks at the July 16 council meeting.
An ad hoc committee, including council members and historians, recommended in April to rename Forrest Park as Civil War Memorial Park, Jefferson Davis Park as Harbor Park and Confederate Park as Promenade Park.
Each of the three parks got temporary names from the council in February as the Tennessee Legislature considered and later passed a law forbidding the renaming of any military or war memorial parks and the removal of statutes and markers from any of those parks.
The council renamed Forrest Park as Health Sciences Park, Jefferson Davis Park as Mississippi River Park and Confederate Park as Memphis Park.
The ad hoc committee's recommendations are not binding on the council.
A group of nine Memphians called "Citizens To Save Our Parks" filed suit against the city in May in Shelby County Chancery Court. They seek a declaratory judgment declaring the council's actions "null, void and invalid" and the restoration of any signage taken down in the three parks. The legal action is pending.
While Columbus Park isn't part of the court case or the renaming controversy, it does have a connection to Nathan Bedford Forrest, the Confederate General, first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan and slave trader buried with his wife at Forrest Park beneath the large equestrian statue honoring him.
A historical marker just a few yards from the statue of Columbus notes that one of Forrest's homes was on the site. It fails to mention that the land between Second and Third Streets was also the site of one of Forrest's slave markets that was in such poor condition it collapsed burying alive several slaves.
Copyright 1995 -
by The Daily News Publishing Co. Inc. - All Rights Reserved


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Items where Year is 1995
|See full list of headings
Arnold, Dana, ed. (1995) Squanderous and lavish profusion: George IV, his image and patronage of the arts. The Georgian Group. ISBN 9780951746165
Bamford, David Roy (1995) An investigation into the collection, measurement and use of quality costs within a high volume production environment. Masters thesis, Middlesex University.
Bell, Linda (1995) Just a token commitment? Women's involvement in a local babysitting circle. Women's Studies International Forum, 18 (3). pp. 325-336. ISSN 0277-5395
Birchall, Alexander John and Rada, Roy (1995) The design of systems for learning and working in librarianship. [Digital artefact]
Blithe, D. L. and Iles, Ray K. (1995) The role of glycosylation in regulating glycoprotein hormone free alpha subunit and free beta subunit combination in the extra-embryonic coelomic fluid of early pregnancy. Endocrinology, 136 (3). pp. 903-910. ISSN 0013-7227
Bradshaw, Sarah (1995) Female-headed households in Honduras: perspectives on rural-urban differences. Third World Planning Review, 17 (2). pp. 117-131.
Bradshaw, Sarah (1995) Women's access to employment and the formation of women-headed households in rural and urban Honduras. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 14 (2). pp. 143-158.
Brooks, A. A. and Johnson, Mark R. and Hills, Frank and Chard, Tim and Irvine, R. and Abdalla, H. I. (1995) Insulin-related growth factor binding protein-1 levels in ovum donation pregnancies. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology, 59 (1). pp. 91-94. ISSN 0921-8750
Bu-Ghanim, Hanan N. and Segal, Anthony W. and Keep, Nicholas H. and Casimir, Colin M. (1995) Molecular analysis in three cases of X91: variant chronic granulomatous disease. Blood, 86 (9). pp. 3575-3582. ISSN 0006-4971
Carey-Wood, Jenny and Duke, Karen L. and Karn, Valerie and Marshall, Tony (1995) The settlement of refugees in Britain. Home Office Research Studies (141). HMSO, London. ISBN 9780113411450
Carter, Paul G. and Iles, Ray K. and Neven, Patrick and Ind, T. E. and Shepherd, John H. and Chard, Tim (1995) Measurement of urinary beta core fragment of human chorionic gonadotrophin in women with vulvovaginal malignancy and its prognostic significance. British Journal of Cancer, 71 (2). pp. 350-353. ISSN 0007-0920
Chan, Ngai Weng (1995) A contextual analysis of flood hazard management in peninsular Malaysia. PhD thesis, Middlesex University.
Chetty, M. and Thrasher, Adrian J. and Abo, Arie and Casimir, Colin M. (1995) Low NADPH oxidase activity in Epstein-Barr-virus-immortalized B-lymphocytes is due to a post-transcriptional block in expression of cytochrome b558. The Biochemical Journal, 306 . pp. 141-145. ISSN 0264-6021
Clark, Ephraim A. (1995) L'évaluation du risque dans les prêts internationaux: le cas du Mexique en 1994. Economie internationale, 64 . ISSN 1240-8093
Clark, Ephraim A. (1995) A general international market index. International journal of finance, 7 (3). ISSN 1041-2743
Clark, Tony (1995) A lazy non-deterministic functional language. Technical Report. University of Bradford.
Clark, Tony and Palmer, I. J. (1995) The generation of animated sequences from state transition systems. In: Fifth Eurographics workshop on 'Programming Paradigms in Graphics', 2-3 September, 1995, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Corbett, Kevin (1995) HIV prevention and sexual health promotion training. An evaluation of volunteers' skills training for black and ethnic minority groups. Working Paper. London Borough of Hackney.
Crawford, R. A. and Hills, Frank and Farkas, Andrew and Chard, Tim (1995) Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in fetal distress. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 102 (7). pp. 538-540. ISSN 1470-0328
Croucher, Richard (1995) Divisions in the movement: the national unemployed workers' movement and its rivals in comparative perspective. In: Opening the books: essays on the social and cultural history of British Communism. Andrews, Geoff and Fishman, Nina and Morgan, Kevin, eds. Pluto Press, London, pp. 23-43. ISBN 0745308716
Deepwell, Katy, ed. (1995) New feminist art criticism: critical strategies. Women's Art Library . Manchester University Press, Manchester. ISBN 9780719042584
Duke, Karen L. and Marshall, Tony (1995) Vietnamese refugees since 1982. Home Office research Studies (142). HMSO, London. ISBN 9780113411474
Durant, Alan (1995) Introduction to 'Language through Literature' approaches to teaching Literature in English in L2 contexts. Sprak Och Fiktion . pp. 291-311. ISSN 1103-825X
Durant, Alan (1995) Literacy and Literature: priorities in English studies towards 2000. In: Anglistische Lehre Aktuell: probleme, perspektiven, praxis. Korte, Barbara and Muller, Klaus Peter, eds. Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier, pp. 37-59.
Edmonds-Brown, Veronica and Faulkner, Hazel P. (1995) Causes and impacts of serious foulwater contamination: Pymme's brook, North London. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 47 (3 & 4). pp. 235-255. ISSN 0020-7233
Faulkner, Hazel P. (1995) Gully erosion associated with the expansion of unterraced almond cultivation in the coastal Sierra de Lujar, S. Spain. Land Degradation and Development, 6 (3). pp. 179-200. ISSN 1085-3278
Fillery-Travis, Annette and Foster, L. H. and Robins, M. M. (1995) Stability of emulsions stabilised by two physiological surfactants; L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine and sodium taurocholate. Biophysical Chemistry, 54 (3). pp. 253-260. ISSN 0301-4622
Fillery-Travis, Annette and Manoj, P. and Watson, A. and Hibberd, D. and Robins, M. (1995) Characterisation of a depletion-flocculated polydisperse emulsion II. Steady-state rheological investigations. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 207 (2). pp. 294-304. ISSN 0021-9797
Gibson, William (1995) The family and the church in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. PhD thesis, Middlesex University.
Goodman, Anthony (1995) The Criminal Justice & Public Order Act 1994. Capital & Class, 56 . pp. 9-13. ISSN 0309-8168
Hadjidemetriou, Michael (1995) Attitudes to the police and policing in contemporary Cyprus with particular reference to the dark figure of crime. PhD thesis, Middlesex University.
Harding, S. and Mensah, A. K. and Hills, Frank and Howell, Richard J. and Chard, Tim (1995) Lack of evidence for a circadian rhythm of IGFBP-1 in the mother and fetus during labour. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 102 (11). pp. 891-893. ISSN 1470-0328
Herring, Rachel and Wilson-Barnett, J. and Ball, S. J. (1995) The role of Macmillan nurse tutors: an interview study with post-holders. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 1 (4). pp. 217-225. ISSN 1357-6321
Hopkinson, Alan (1995) CDS-ISIS for archives. INFOISIS: a magazine specializing in CDS-ISIS., 1 (3). pp. 56-68. ISSN 0328-2066
Hopkinson, Alan (1995) CDS-ISIS information: the first ten years of the microcomputer version. Information Development, 11 (1). pp. 10-14. ISSN 0266-6669
Hopkinson, Alan (1995) UKMARC AMC: Draft Rev 4.0: UK MARC format for archives and manuscripts control (UK MARC AMC). Manual. The Author.
Hopkinson, Alan (1995) CDS/ISIS: UNESCO's information retrieval package for microcomputers and the VAX minicomputer. In: Encyclopedia of library and information science. Kent, Allen, ed. Library and Information Science Encyclopedia, 57 . CRC Press. ISBN 9780824720575
Hua, Jia and Walker, P. S. (1995) Closeness of fit of uncemented stems improves the strain distribution in the femur. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 13 (3). pp. 339-346. ISSN 0736-0266
Hua, Jia and Walker, Peter S. and Muirhead-Allwood, Sarah K. and Bentley, George and McCullough, Christopher J. (1995) The rationale for CAD-CAM uncemented custom hips: an interim assessment. Hip international : the journal of clinical and experimental research on hip pathology and therapy, 5 (2). pp. 52-62. ISSN 1120-7000
Huang, Feng and Bacon, Jean and Mapp, Glenford E. (1995) Virtual memory support for distributed computing environments using a shared data object model. Distributed Systems Engineering, 2 (4). pp. 202-211. ISSN 0967-1846
Islam, S. M. Shafiqul and Khan, Hafiz T. A. (1995) Influences of selected socio-economic and demographic variables on fertility in Bangladesh. Asia-Pacific Population Journal, 10 (2). pp. 51-63. ISSN 0259-238X
Johnson, Mark R. and Irvine, R. and Hills, Frank and Bolton, V. N. and Abbas, A. A. and Brooks, A. A. and Allman, A. C. and Chard, Tim and Nicolaides, K. H. (1995) Superovulation, IGFBP-1 and birth weight. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Biology, 59 (2). pp. 193-195. ISSN 0921-8750
Jones, Robert Huw (1995) Ecotoxicology of oil derived pollutants in urban receiving waters. PhD thesis, Middlesex University.
Jones, Simon (1995) "Crossover" and the politics of "race". In: International Association for the Study of Popular Music, July 1993, Stockton, California, USA.
Jones, Simon (1995) Rocking the house: sound system cultures and the politics of space. Journal of Popular Music Studies, 7 . pp. 1-24.
Khasharmeh, Hussein Ali (1995) The status of financial reporting, accounting education and profession in a developing country: the case of Jordan. PhD thesis, Middlesex University.
Lingayah, Siramloo (1995) The origins and development of social service positions in Mauritius. PhD thesis, Middlesex University.
Lupton, Kenneth (1995) Defining and using road network data in an accident database. Masters thesis, Middlesex University.
Massey, Anne (1995) The Independent Group: modernism and mass culture in Britain, 1945-1959. Critical Introductions to Art . Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719042454
McIlroy, John (1995) Trade unions in Britain today. Manchester University Press, Manchester. ISBN 071903983
McIlroy, John (1995) The dying of the light? A radical look at trade union education. In: Adult Learning Critial Intelligence and Social Change. National Institute of Continuing Education. ISBN 1872941613
McIlroy, John and Mayo, Marjorie and Thompson, Jane (1995) The dying of the light? A radical look at trade union education. In: Adult Learning Critial Intelligence and Social Change. National Institute of Continuing Education. ISBN 1872941613
Miller, Paul Washington (1995) Africa the dark continent: fact or fiction? Island Heart Publishers, Mandeville, Jamaica. ISBN 9768138017
Molassiotis, A. and Boughton, B. J. and Burgoyne, Tracey and van den Akker, Olga (1995) Comparison of the overall quality of life in 50 long-term survivors of autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22 (3). pp. 509-516. ISSN 0309-2402
Mulholland, Jon (1995) Nursing, humanism and transcultural theory: the 'bracketing-out' of reality. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 22 . pp. 442-449. ISSN 0309-2402
Mumberson, Stephen (1995) Kulturbund (linocut/electrostatic transfer/mono print) [in FBA National Print Exhibition 1995, Mall Galleries, London]. [Artefact]
Mumberson, Stephen (1995) Lets protect the sands 2 [in Deliblatska Prescara '95 - salon of ecology Cartoon-SR Jugoslavija 1995]. [Artefact]
Mumberson, Stephen (1995) Murder by other means - Art Now - London - work by various satirists artists and cartoonist - such as Steve Bell - sculptures and reliefs by Stephen Mumberson. [Artefact]
Mumberson, Stephen (1995) 'The Phantom' and 'The Lament' mono reliefs [in NEW Work -Bankside Gallery 1995 London]. [Artefact]
Mumberson, Stephen (1995) [Print in Cuprum VI Small metal plate graphics Lubina Poland 1995]. [Artefact]
Mumberson, Stephen (1995) 'A very nice dog' and 'Mask' [in the 18th & 19th International independante exhibition of prints in Kanagawa,'95 & '97 Japan]. [Artefact]
Neocleous, Mark (1995) State, power, administration: Marxist and Foucauldian perspectives on state development in Britain, 1832-1918. PhD thesis, Middlesex University.
Novak, Serguei (1995) Long match patterns in random sequences. Siberian Adv. Math., 5 (3). pp. 128-140.
Osborne, Peter (1995) Tactics, ethics, or temporality? Heidegger's politics reviewed. Radical philosophy. . pp. 16-28. ISSN 0300-211X
Osborne, Peter (1995) The politics of time: modernity and avant-garde. Verso Books. ISBN 0860916529 ISBN13: 9780860916529
Papadopoulos, Irena and Alleyne, Jo (1995) The need for nursing and midwifery programmes of education to address the health care needs of minority ethnic groups. Nurse Education Today, 15 (2). pp. 140-144. ISSN 0260-6917
Papadopoulos, Irena and Lee, Henry, eds. (1995) Research for practice and education. North London College of Health Studies Research Series, 2 . North London College of Health Studies. ISBN 189901702X
Prior, Stephen D. and White, Anthony S. (1995) Measurements and simulation of a pneumatic muscle actuator for a rehabilitation robot. Simulation Practice and Theory, 3 (2). pp. 81-117. ISSN 0928-4869
Raman, Ilhan and Baluch, Bahman (1995) Word recognition in Turkish: implications for models of reading. In: 4th European Congress of Psychology, 6-9 July 1995, Athens, Greece.
Roberts, Cheryl (1995) Book illustration. 'Albion Street' in Picturesque Brighton: The City in Art, Chester Museums. [Artefact]
Roberts, Cheryl (1995) Painting. 'Albion Street'. picturesque Chester. exhibition. Chester Museum. [Artefact]
Rolley, Katerina (1995) The lesbian dandy: the role of dress and appearance in the construction of lesbian identities, Britain 1918-39. Masters thesis, Middlesex University.
Rossek, Sacha J. (1995) Direct optical control of a microwave phase shifter using GaAs fieldeffect transistors. PhD thesis, Middlesex University.
Ruggiero, Vincenzo (1995) Drugs in Central Lambeth: an exploratory study. Home Office Research and Statistics Department Research Bulletin (37). pp. 51-55. ISSN 0962-0478
Ruggiero, Vincenzo and Ryan, Mick and Sim, Joe, eds. (1995) Western European penal systems: a critical anatomy. Sage Publications. ISBN 0803977212
Ruggiero, Vincenzo (1995) Drugs as a password and the law as a drug: discussing the legalisation of illicit substances. In: Drugs, cultures, controls & everyday life. South, Nigel, ed. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9780761952350
Ryan, Louise (1995) Traditions and double moral standards: the Irish suffragists' critique of nationalism. Women's History Review, 4 (4). pp. 487-503. ISSN 0961-2025
Shah, Ajit J. and de Biasi, Vern and Camilleri, Patrick (1995) Development of a spectrophotometric method for the measurement of thiols at trace levels. Analytical Proceedings including Analytical Communications, 32 . pp. 149-153. ISSN 0144-557X (Published online first)
Shutes, R. Brian E. (1995) The biological impacts of urban runoff waters. PhD thesis, Middlesex University.
Stephenson, Marcus L. and Hughes, Howard L. (1995) Holidays and the UK Afro-Caribbean community. Tourism Management, 16 (6). pp. 429-435. ISSN 0261-5177
Sutcliffe, Robert B. (1995) Problems in the definition and measurement of development and underdevelopment. PhD thesis, Middlesex University.
Thrasher, Adrian J. and Casimir, Colin M. and Kinnon, C. and Morgan, G. and Segal, Anthony W. and Levinsky, R. J. (1995) Gene transfer to primary chronic granulomatous disease monocytes. Lancet, 346 (8967). pp. 92-93. ISSN 0140-6736
Thrasher, Adrian J. and De Alwis, M. and Casimir, Colin M. and Kinnon, C. and Page, K. and Lebkowski, J. and Segal, Anthony W. and Levinsky, R. J. (1995) Functional reconstitution of the NADPH-oxidase by adeno-associated virus gene transfer. Blood, 86 (2). pp. 761-5. ISSN 0006-4971
Thrasher, Adrian J. and De Alwis, M. and Casimir, Colin M. and Kinnon, C. and Page, K. and Lebkowski, J. and Segal, Anthony W. and Levinsky, R. J. (1995) Generation of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) from an adenoviral vector and functional reconstitution of the NADPH-oxidase. Gene therapy, 2 (7). pp. 481-485. ISSN 0969-7128
van den Akker, Olga and Eves, Frank and Service, S. and Lennon, B. (1995) Menstrual cycle symptom reporting in three British ethnic groups. Social Science & Medicine, 40 (10). pp. 1417-1423. ISSN 0277-9536
van den Akker, Olga and Eves, Frank and Stein, George and Murray, R. M. (1995) Genetic and environmental factors in premenstrual symptom reporting and its relationship to depression and a general neuroticism trait. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 39 (4). pp. 477-487. ISSN 0022-3999
van den Akker, Olga and Sharifian, Narges and Packer, Anne and Eves, Frank (1995) Contribution of generalized negative affect to elevated menstrual cycle symptom reporting. Health Care for Women International, 16 (3). pp. 263-272. ISSN 0739-9332
Walker, P. S. and Mai, S. F. and Cobb, A. G. and Bentley, G. and Hua, Jia (1995) Prediction of clinical outcome of THR from migration measurements on standard radiographs. A study of cemented Charnley and Stanmore femoral stems. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, British Volume, 77-B (5). pp. 705-714. ISSN 0301-620X
Whycer, Mavis (1995) Power, discourse and privilege: power relations in the field of child protection. PhD thesis, Middlesex University.
Zhang, Xiaoyan (1995) The dynamic behaviour of road traffic flow: stability or chaos? PhD thesis, Middlesex University.


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text:
Xiao Yuncong ( Chinese, 1596-1674)
Landscape in the Manner of Huang Gongwang, Quing dynasty, 1665
Handscroll, ink and color on paper
11 5/8 x 154 in. (29.6 x 390.9 cm)
R.T. Miller, Jr. Fund, 1973
Stylistic elements from two different schools of seventeenth-century Chinese painting are masterfully combined in this mountain and river landscape from Xiao Yuncong's mature period.
Xiao Yuncong is not usually considered a member of the Orthodox School, but he was friends with many artists who belonged to that movement, and was certainly influenced by their theories. In the Oberlin scroll, Orthodox school influence is evident in the numerous art-historical allusions to the style of the Yuan dynasty painter Huang Gongwang (1269-1354).1 These allusions include the use of layered brushstrokes and washes to construct forms, the use of trees, rocks, and buildings to define the structure of the composition, and the alternation of sparse and dense passages of scenery throughout the scroll.
However, the Oberlin scroll also reveals the influences of another important school of Chinese painting which flourished in the Anhui province during the second half of the seventeenth century. Anhui-school paintings are usually characterized by the use of dry, crumbly brushstrokes, by the simplicity and clarity of their designs, and by the depiction of the landscape formations (especially precipitous mountains with clinging vegetation) typical of that province.2 Xiao was a native of Anhui, and a close examination of the brushwork, composition, and scenery of this painting shows its affinity to that school of painting.
By combining these different elements of Orthodox- and Anhui-school painting, Xiao was able to imprint his own distinctive identity onto this scroll, even while working in another artist's (Huang's) style. Such individualism is typical of Xiao's oeuvre as a whole, and is one of the chief reasons he is among the most difficult of all seventeenth-century Chinese artists to categorize.
Xiao Yuncong was an accomplished poet as well as a painter, and he often inscribed his images with verses of his own composition. The poem at the end of this scroll is not a straightforward description of the painted scenery, but its imagery resonates with the landscape preceding it and enhances the viewer's appreciation of the picture:3
From a verdant valley I gazed upon the southern mountains,
Shimmering azure-green before my eyes.
Seized by inspiration I visited Deer Gate,
Nestled in seclusion, up through Drake Gorge.
My lofty tracks could not be followed,
Only white clouds accompanied me, broken intermittently.
I felt as if I were at the end of the world,
Autumn colors infused the scenery, like the veins in a piece of jade.
A falling tree echoed among the empty crags,
A pure breeze carried the sounds of a jade waterfall.
Mists swirled about, rustling beneath the pines
Where I gathered an armful of mountain chrysanthemums.
Walking with my staff I headed west across a bridge,
Among the jade-white blossoms growing on foothills beneath the peaks.
Immortals delight in such lofty abodes,
Basking in the moonlight, they enjoy their seclusion.
River water fades to green at Heaven's gate,
Stone lotuses grow in princely households,
Where once upon a time they summoned painting masters,
And drank with them fresh spring wine.
Following the poem, the painting is dated using the Chinese cyclical system with a year corresponding to 1665. It is signed by "70 year old, Xiao Yuncong," and bears two seals of the artist.
Handscrolls encourage an active rather than passive viewing process. They are intended to be unrolled by an individual or small group one section at a time, with the portion just seen being rolled up before the next section is revealed. Thus, depending on where one stops unrolling, it is possible to experience a handscroll painting slightly differently with each viewing. We invite readers to experiment with "unrolling" the scroll in different ways, to see how the variety of viewing experiences changes your perception of the painting.
C. Mason
Xiao Yuncong was born into an aristocratic family from Wuhu in northern Anhui province. The night before his birth, his father is said to have dreamt that his child would be the reincarnation of a famous Tang dynasty painter, but most of Xiao's childhood and early adult years were spent studying for the civil service exams and trying to earn an official post. Xiao attempted and failed the exams in 1636, 1639, and 1642, and after the Manchu conquest of China in 1644, he abandoned all hope of an official career. Accordingly, he returned to his hometown, rebuilt the family estate that had been destroyed during the invasion, and devoted himself to art. In addition to being a painter, Xiao was also known as a poet, musician, and woodblock-print designer. He was a major figure in the development of the Anhui school of painting, and his paintings and prints exerted considerable influence on later generations of artists in both China and Japan.
General References
Cahill, James, ed. Shadows of Mount Huang. Berkeley, 1981, pp. 67-68.
Rogers, Howard. Masterworks of Ming and Qing Painting from the Forbidden City. Exh. cat., International Arts Council, Lansdale, Penn., pp. 158-59.
Yu Jianhua. Zhongguo meishujia renming cidian. Shanghai, 1981, p. 1414.
With David Newman, London, from whom purchased in 1973
Rosenzweig, Daphne Lange. "A Landscape Handscroll by Hsiao Yün-ts'ung." Allen Memorial Art Museum Bulletin 32, no. 1 (1974-75), pp. 34-56.
Technical Data
This handscroll is painted with black ink and colors on paper. It is in good condition, and has been remounted at least once (probably in either 1884 or 1944).4 The inscription at the end of the painting is written in running-script calligraphy (xingshu). There are three collector's seals at the beginning of the painting: one of Gu Hui,5 one of Wang Renkan,6 and one unidentified. In addition, there are two artist's seals at the end of the painting reading "Zhongshan caotang" and "Xiao Yuncong."
1. For a more detailed discussion of Huang Gongwang's style, see James Cahill, Hills Beyond a River (New York, 1976), pp. 85-113.
2. For more information about the Anhui school, see James Cahill, ed., Shadows of Mount Huang (Berkeley, 1981).
3. Translated by C. Mason.
4. The title label on the scroll indicates that it was remounted and gives a cyclical date that could be 1944 or a date 60, 120, 180, etc., years before 1944. The appearance of the scroll indicates a date of 1884 or 1944.
5. The seal reads "Renqiu zhenshang." Renqiu was the style name of Gu Hui, an early nineteenth-century female artist and connoisseur. Biographical information can be found in Yu Jianhua, Zhongguo meishujia renming cidian (Shanghai, 1981), p. 1548.
6. The seal reads "Ren'an zhenwan." Ren'an was the style name of Wang Renkan (1848-1893). Biographical information can be found in Yu Jianhua, Zhongguo meishujia renming cidian (Shanghai, 1981), p. 60.


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