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SEMI Oral History Interview
Robert B. Palmer
November 18, 2004, Dallas , Texas
Interviewed by Craig Addison
Robert Palmer served as chairman and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation from 1995 to 1998, and was appointed president and CEO of Digital in October 1992. From 1985 to 1992, he served in various executive positions at Digital, primarily in the semiconductor manufacturing operations. Before Digital, Palmer was executive vice president of Semiconductor Operations at United Technologies Corporation (UTC), joining UTC in 1980 when it acquired Mostek Corporation. In 1969, Palmer was a member of the founding team at Mostek, where he pioneered the use of ion implantation technology for the manufacture of MOS circuits. Palmer currently serves on the board of directors of Advanced Micro Device Inc.
CA: I'm Craig Addison from SEMI. It's November 18, 2004 and we are in Dallas , Texas . I'm doing an interview for the SEMI oral history series and my guest today is Robert Palmer. Thank you, Robert, for joining us.
RP: It's a pleasure.
CA: Can you start off by talking about how you first got into the semiconductor industry?
RP: Well, I majored in math and physics at Texas Tech University and got interested in solid state electronics when I was in graduate school. And got married and started to interview for jobs and was offered a job at Texas Instruments. So I began my career there and got to work in the Semiconductor Research and Development Labs at TI.
CA: What year was that?
RP: That would be 1967. And I was assigned to work on an infrared silicon vidicon as my first project. And it turned out by good fortune to be successful. Then I got assigned to the MOS group which I probably was there several weeks before I figured out what MOS stood for. At the time the semiconductor industry was primarily bipolar and Texas Instruments was the leader in bipolar technology. So MOS wasn't the ideal thing to be assigned to. It was quite a nascent technology. But I found it quite interesting and it worked out well.
CA: Did you have any idea at TI that semiconductors would be a huge potential industry in the future?
RP: I felt like when I was in graduate school looking at different industries that semiconductors was a really good place to start and I felt like it had at least the possibility of lasting as long as my career lasted. And obviously that's proven to be the case.
CA: At TI, since we're talking about TI, did you meet or work with Jack Kilby at all?
RP: I had met Jack Kilby and I certainly saw him walking around the halls. He's hard to miss. And even at that time he was of course very highly revered at TI. There were many really good researchers there but none with the status that Jack Kilby had.
CA: What did you learn from your period at TI?
RP: I learned a lot. In fact I found working to be a lot more interesting that school because you got the chance to apply your theoretical knowledge to practical devices and see how it worked out and try things. I really enjoyed working in the labs there. And I think TI was an excellent place to start your career, or for that matter, to stay and have a career. It had a very professional engineering oriented environment and people are very helpful -- always willing to share information with you if you needed some technical information you didn't possess. I'm a person that likes to seek out others for advice so it worked out really well for me.
CA: Now can you tell me the story of why you left TI and where you went?
RP: Really, my first mentor was Dr. Louay Sharif, who was responsible for the processing and manufacturing of the MOS projects [at Texas Instruments]. L.J. Sevin was responsible for the design and sales of devices. And again this was really emerging technology at the time. I really enjoyed working for Louay and for that matter, L.J. and some of the other people that later formed Mostek. The principal founders of Mostek were L.J. Sevin and Louay Sharif. And they asked a few of the rest of us if we would like to join this startup and be part of the founding team. I was 29 years old and it sounded like it might be exciting and I liked the people. And even though I liked TI and felt like I'd certainly been treated very fairly at TI, I decided to take a chance and be one of the founders at Mostek.
CA: What was the thinking behind the formation of the company? Did they think TI wasn't doing something or there was a market opportunity? What was the motivation?
RP: Well I really don't know what the motivation for L.J. and Louay was at that time other than I think they really did believe that MOS technology would become important. They probably had their personal reasons and I don't know what those are. But at the time, MOS really was not a factor in the integrated circuits business. It was all bipolar. And TI as the leader in bipolar certainly had every reason to continue to invest heavily in bipolar. At that time though there really wasn't any venture capital business, certainly not in Texas , and it was not that easy to start a company. I believe we may have been the first semiconductor spin out of TI of any size ever. That was probably in June of 1969, if memory serves correctly. Louay and L.J. had managed to find Sprague Electric as an investor in the company and they were the majority I don't know if they owned the majority, but they certainly were the largest outside investor in Mostek when it was begun. Sprague had some manufacturing facilities in Worcester , Massachusetts that were devoted to their business. And part of the arrangement as I understood it was that Sprague would host some engineers, in this case myself and a few others, from Mostek and let us use some of their facilities as part of their investment in the company. And that was of course essential because there were no foundry facilities at that time. That was an industry that hadn't yet developed. And so we needed some way to do our own research and development and to learn how to built MOS devices, which really at that time there were a lot of technical problems still to be solved.
CA: Does that mean you were actually employed by Sprague?
RP: No. I was employed by Mostek but we were guests at the Sprague Electric facility in Worcester . And it was a very good relationship actually. Sprague people, because they knew their company had made a big investment in us, were very cooperative and I would say essential to our early success.
CA: So Robert, can you talk a little bit about the research and the manufacturing work that was going on at Sprague? What sort of things you were working on?
RP: Well, the principle thing I was trying to develop was a process suitable for building MOS integrated circuits, which was not an area that Sprague would have been working in. Sprague was known for their work in hybrid semiconductors and in capacitors in particular. And we didn't really, when we left TI, have a process. Obviously we had to develop our own intellectual property and really start from scratch. The biggest problem we needed to solve at that time was MOS devices at the time were primarily P-channel devices. And the rest of the electronic world was TTL or TTL compatible. And MOS devices were not inherently voltage compatible with all the other electronics. And so we really needed to figure out some way to make MOS devices that would be voltage compatible with the TTL circuitry that was pervasive. That was the problem we were trying to solve. And you were looking at a number of possibilities including silicon nitride, dielectrics, or silicon gate technology, which was again in the very early development stages.
I was actually on a trip up to Sprague Electric's research facilities in North Adams , Massachusetts . I wanted to learn something about tantalum oxide. It's a high dielectric constant material that I thought might give us a lower threshold voltage by using that material. When I was up there I looked at that process and realized it was not compatible with other semiconductor processing. But while I was there I ran into a couple of researchers that were doing work on precision resistors for hybrid circuits. And they were using a hand-built ion implantation system. I was curious about that. I had never seen an ion implantation system. And was asking them what they were doing and how did they know what the dose was that they were using to make these resistors. The researchers were Dr. Ken Manchester and Dr. John Macdougall. And they were again very open and eager to share what they were doing with me. It turned out that the way they measured the dose was by measuring the threshold voltage shift in a crude MOS device. Of course immediately I recognized that's the problem I'm trying to solve and these fellows are using it as a detector. So I got very excited. And I remember calling L.J. -- because I was the only one of the founding group up in Massachusetts , everybody else was here in Dallas -- and calling L.J. Sevin and saying, L.J. You won't believe what these guys are doing up here. And that was really the start of using ion implantation technology to develop commercial integrated circuits.
CA: Now where did these guys get the technology from? Where was its origins?
RP: Well they had built it from scratch. The machine that they had was completely fabricated at Sprague or at other machine shops. And they were both quite competent researchers. John Macdougall had been looking at ion implantation for quite a long time and he worked for Ken Manchester, as I recall. And again the problem they were trying to solve was how to make precision resistors and hybrid circuits on ceramic substrates. And they had done some really good work there. They had published some papers. And of course there were some original papers out there talking about ion implantation technology. Some work had been done at Stanford. Hughes Electronics had done some work, had some patents. But nobody had ever, to my knowledge at least, fabricated production quality integrated circuits with this technology. And we had to develop something compatible with the existing p-channel processes. At the time I think most MOS devices, if not all of them in production, were p-channel. And we had to develop a way of doing it that was compatible, that was reliable. Early on it was not known if you could implant, in this case, say, boron ions through an oxide and not destroy the gate oxide or create instabilities or reliability issues of all kinds. And so it was a lot of just fundamental engineering that had to be done. Early on, by the way, the ion implanters you didn't have any way to integrate the dose. Today, ion implanters of course they're quite precise and even 10 years after this early work they were quite precise. But at that time you sort of had to guess at the dose -- the number of ions you were putting in the silicon. We had techniques for doing that but they were not very sophisticated. They worked, though.
CA: Now can you talk about how the ion implantation technology was transferred into Mostek, into your manufacturing processes?
RP: Well, what happened was, I used to drive up in my car with a handful of wafers to North Adams that's a pretty good drive, especially in the winter. I'd work with John Macdougall usually. We'd sit up there in the lab at night and scan these wafers with the dose. Then I'd have to go all the way back down to Worcester and finish the fabrication of the devices there. Take the measurements. Find out what we'd done -- whether anything was useful. Start another lot. It was a really quite tedious way to do things. Eventually we decided, Look. We need to build a machine down in Worcester . And we need to build something that's a little more production oriented rather than research oriented like the one in North Adams, Mass, where we could do [only] three wafers at time. That is, you'd load only three wafers in the vacuum chamber and pump the thing down. Everything was done by hand. You moved the wafer in position by hand. It was not automated at all. I think most of the design was between John Macdougall and Ken Manchester. I had some modest input probably. But basically [we got] a machine designed and built. I think that first machine was very inexpensive, certainly by today's standards. We had the machine parts fabricated and a company in Austin , Texas -- an early ion implantation company -- fabricated it for us. We assembled it in Worcester . By the spring of 1970 we were doing the first tests to see if in fact we could get a beam and if we could separate the boron from the other ions and if we could actually implant wafers. I don't remember how many we could do, although I could look in my notebooks and see, but it was a big step forward. We probably could do a dozen or something at a time. Ken Manchester, I think, was very helpful in the mechanization area of that machine. At that time there were no, at least to my knowledge, commercially available production machines. It just hadn't been done yet. And for that matter we didn't tell the rest of the world how we achieved TTL compatible circuits for a while. It wasn't obvious. And our competitors would take our circuits apart and try to figure it out because you certainly didn't see any silicon nitride or silicon gates. Yet these things were TTL compatible. It was like magic.
We also had some really smart design people Bob Proebsting would be one, a real pioneer with many patents. He's responsible really for the whole idea of multiplexed addresses in dynamic random access memories (DRAMs), among many other things. But they recognized right away that if you could change the threshold voltage, you could also make depletion devices rather than just enhancement devices. So you could make depletion loads. And this would improve the speed power of the product by a factor of two or three over what was currently available. So we were the first company to use ion implantation to make both enhancement and depletion load transistors on the same circuits. And this let us do different kinds of amplifiers, more efficient circuits of all kinds, and really enabled us to do things our competitors couldn't do until they learned how.
In 1970, John Macdougall, Ken Manchester and I wrote a paper for Electronics Magazine . And we got the cover issue. I've got one around here somewhere but I wasn't able to find it. But we got the cover issue about ion implantation technology. And after that a number of people started building machines and people started adapting it. And then Dr. Chao Mai and I worked together to develop a combination of silicon gate and ion implantation technology and we got a patent for that work. And that turned out to be a pretty important patent.
CA: Just backing up a little bit. Ken Manchester and John Macdougall. Could you just talk a little bit about those guys? What they were doing and a little bit more detail about how they fit into the picture?
RP: Ken and John were in the research area of Sprague Electric. And I just happened to meet them. It was a real serendipitous, coincidence really. And once I expressed an interest in their work they were very eager to share the work that they were doing and talk about how that might help me. I couldn't say enough positive things about them or about Sprague in terms of helping us use technology that they had been working on for an entirely different purpose and adapt it to help us with problems we were trying to solve. So I really enjoyed working at Sprague for the three or four years I was up there before I moved back to Dallas really Carrolton , Texas , which is a suburb of Dallas , and we built the wafer fab facility here.
I moved up [to Worcester ] in 1969 and moved back, I want to say, in 1972. And then we built a facility here [in Dallas ]. And by then the ion implantation industry was getting going. Of course anybody that knows anything about the semiconductor industry realizes there was this tremendous symbiotic relationship between the equipment manufacturers, the design engineers and the process engineers. And we all worked together developing new tools which enabled us to do new things which enabled the development of new tools which enabled new things. And so it was just a wonderful thing to have as your career to be able to work in that area. The first circuits we worked on had a thousand transistors. That kind of thing. Today of course, one hundred million transistors and up is possible. It's just incredible what the industry has brought and all of the technological good things that have happened. And to be just part of that was very rewarding.
CA: Can you talk more about the interaction with the equipment companies? You said you got a company in Austin to build the ion implanter for you. What kind of relationships did you have with companies outside that were building the equipment?
RP: Well we went around and visited all of the companies that had equipment where they could conceivably build what we wanted. I remember some of our early machines were from Varian up in Peabody , Massachusetts in addition to the one in Austin . We always worked carefully with the manufacturers because they were trying to figure out, What is it we needed? And we didn't know what was possible. So you kind of had to spend a lot of time over coffee or drinks and talk about what was possible and how could that be helpful and what were the real problems that needed to be solved. We were looking at a lot of different kinds of sources at that time. Gaseous sources. Solid sources. There were different ions being explored. We started with boron but quickly found after that you needed phosphorous. You had to work with some really nasty and dangerous chemicals [such as] arsenic. As I say, it was a very symbiotic relationship. In my view, progress in semiconductor industry would have been impossible without these semiconductor equipment companies that worked to make it possible. You worked with all of the companies. At that time we used contact printers. That's where the photo mask and the wafer were in physical contact. It didn't help yields a lot, but at the time we didn't know better. That was when projection aligners were just being developed. And you worked with the equipment companies to figure out how to make better equipment for lithography, and really every facet of semiconductor manufacturing. Without those companies we could not have been a leader in semiconductor technology in this country.
CA: Now you mentioned Varian. If you went to Varian and said, Build us an ion implanter, who owned the technology?
RP: Well, the technology that was used for the manufacturing of course was owned by the companies that had the patents or did the original work. And there were many of those. As I mentioned, Hughes did some original work. Sprague had some intellectual property. Mostek of course had intellectual property. The industry worked pretty well together to cross license because everybody was building on what others had done before them, just as we were. You were pretty generous in cross-licensing with other companies. Intel and Mostek were formed within about a year of each other. And we cross-licensed on technology. AMD was another company that was formed in 1969, at that time it was a bipolar company. But there were a lot of semiconductor companies in addition to TI that had done work in this area or related areas.
With equipment companies certainly the technology of how to build equipment was their property. I don't really remember any significant issues around intellectual property. We were always able to work things out so that the industry could keep growing and move forward.
CA: Robert, could you talk a little bit about how ion implantation helped give Mostek a competitive edge?
RP: Ion implantation enabled us to build circuits that others couldn't build. In particular, the use of depletion load technology greatly improved the speed power performance of the inverters that we built. It enabled us to build amplifiers that were perhaps 10 times -- although I'd have to look to be sure, but on that order -- more efficient than were previously possible. It gave us the capability of doing a number of different structures. And our design engineers were clever enough to realize how you could apply that process technology to build different things. So we had some very successful early circuits that were just competitively better than what was out there at the time.
CA: I understand one of the first hand-held calculators used Mostek circuits built using ion implantation.
RP: We did. That was a very interesting project with Hewlett Packard. The HP35. It was a scientific calculator we did in the early 70s. The very first four function calculator [using our chip] was for a chip for a company named Busicom. It was a Japanese company. And we fabricated that using ion implantation technology. The lead design engineer, if in fact the only design engineer, was an engineer named Dave Leonard. We had very small teams of people and at that time you cut Rubylith. I don't know how many in the audience would know what Rubylith is you had to hand-craft these circuits transistor by transistor. Today of course you use sophisticated software to generate these things. But at that time that's not the way it was done. We were fortunate to have the first four function calculator. Dave had also come from Texas Instruments. We did some very innovative circuit technology with our random access memory line. Probably earlier on Mostek was better known for dynamic random access memories than anything.
I think I mentioned earlier Dr. Bob Proebsting came up with the idea of multiplexing addresses so that you could do 16-pin implementation of dynamic random access memories. So we had a 1024 bit, which sounds funny by today's standards, dynamic RAM that could be in a 16-pin package. Our competitors were in 22-pin packages, which obviously cost more and didn't have the same packing density on the boards. So we had an immediate advantage. And the industry wanted that advantage. This helped Mostek grow and become established as a viable supplier in the early days. None of that would have been possible without ion implantation technology.
CA: Was TI a customer, because they had calculators as well?
RP: I don't think I really don't remember if TI was a customer. Certainly early on they were not a customer. I think the first customer we ever had was Burroughs. It was a computer company. We made a shift register for them. I think it was a triple 66-bit, custom shift register. They were very hard to satisfy which was good because it helped us develop our technology and process to be stable. It was really very fortunate when you think about being able to find the technology that was being used in one application, realize that it was going to be important in a different application [and] take advantage of that. I think that within a few years virtually all integrated circuits were manufactured using ion implantation technology in one application or another. And it's been that way since that time. So since 1970, here we are 34 years later and the technology is being widely used still and probably will continue to be used.
CA: Robert, you mentioned that in 1970 you had a cover story in Electronics Magazine about ion implantation. Was that really when the cat was let out of the bag and the industry found out about the benefits?
RP: Yes, I think that was at least the formal leak. There were leaks earlier. But I'm sure some of the equipment manufacturers were saying, Hey. These guys are doing something. People began to suspect, I suppose, that we were using ion implantation some way. But when that article was published we were quite detailed in how we did it and what the advantages and benefits were. It was also a marketing tool for us. But I think it was important to establish credit where credit was due -- to give John Macdougall and Ken Manchester public recognition. Because up until that time frankly Mostek had gotten most of the public recognition. And it was important to me that people that really had pioneered the technology were recognized for the work they did. We just had a great little team of people up there and here in Dallas to exploit it. And like I say, it takes a lot of different people to make something like this work.
CA: Talking of people, I understand Mostek expanded at an incredible rate in the early years. Where did all those engineers come from? Did you train them in-house or go to TI?
RP: There were a variety of places you could get engineers but a lot of them came right out of school. Bob Palock who was the designer on the HP35 chip, he had come to us I think from the University of Illinois . Right out of school and went to work. The first task he got was designing one of the more difficult logic chips in that family. He succeeded. He went on to have a very successful career as a circuit designer and then founded a computer company, Convex Computer. L.J. [Sevin] had this uncanny ability to attract and keep good people. You just really liked working for him. He was very critical to work for and at the same time he encouraged you. So he was a great guy to work for really. And I had the privilege of working with him for about 10 years. And if you looked at the people that he was able to attract and hire to help Mostek in the early days. That was the key to our success really. And that's probably true of the competitors that survived. They had teams of people that somehow as a team worked really well together.
I found out very early on that it really didn't matter how good the technology was. If you couldn't sell it, you're toast. So you had to have good sales and marketing people. Berry Cash, who was a founding member of the company, ran marketing and sales for at least 10 years. The design team that we had, as I mentioned, included Dr. Proebsting. There was a guy named Marlin Shopbell. There was Dave Leonard. Vern McKenny. And any number of people that they either knew or recommended to come to the company or people we hired. And of course some came from competitors. Some came from some of the larger, more established semiconductor companies. They said: Hey, this MOS thing looks like it might be interesting. Let's go and try and learn how to do that. But it was a long time before MOS became established and [became] obvious that it was going to become the leading technology.
CA: You mentioned that DRAMs were one of the first products that Mostek did. And Intel basically started as a DRAM company I believe. The competition, was it really strong in those early days?
RP: Competition was fierce and has remained fierce in this industry. And what's great about that is that competition spurred tremendous innovation. At Intel of course they built their product line and their fortune on silicon gate technology. It gave you the same opportunity to have lower threshold voltage and it provided some interconnect. We used ion implantation to that end and then we married the two. And Intel had any number of innovations in circuit design and process technology and some really excellent engineers that of course have become legendary in the industry. At Mostek, we innovated a lot of things in circuit design and [did] some process technology innovations as well. And there are many other companies that added to the semiconductor industry capability. But there was a time when Intel and Mostek were probably the leading DRAM manufacturers in this country. And then the Japanese started getting into the business. And there were a lot of intellectual property battles between Japan and the United States about technology and dumping and any number of other issues. And fortunately it was all resolved eventually -- not without some pain -- in such a way that the customers benefited. Technology continued to advance.
The DRAM business became really uneconomic for a while. And new companies were started. Micron is one that comes to mind. Several of the founding members of Micron Technology actually had come from Mostek that's where they got their early training in integrated circuit design and process technology. Texas Instruments was big in that business and were successful for many years in the DRAM business. Ultimately though DRAMs became very commodity-like and the pricing turned out to be vicious and many companies could not earn a return on capital. And you found that you went into other areas -- in our case, static RAMs, custom circuits. In Intel's case, microprocessors and many other circuits.
CA: I've seen some old videos made at Mostek about the quality message and get the yield up and things like that. Can you talk a little bit about how you improved the quality and increased the yield?
RP: Well we worked very diligently at it. For one thing, the Japanese came at the United States market with circuits that had higher reliability. And there were a number of reasons for that but one of them was that they were not pushing the lithography as hard as we were here. But there were other reasons. And that was a good wakeup call for us. And L.J. was very alert to call the top management of the company and point out that we really had to improve our overall yield and our overall quality if were going to stay in business. And we had a crash program under one of our best product engineers, who at this moment I think is still a vice president at Micron. His name is Bob Donnelly. And he took on the task of, first of all, becoming educated on quality and the new quality techniques and the way of improving quality, and getting us focused as a team on every element of reliability and quality improvement. That included working closely with design engineering, the tool manufacturers, process engineers, product engineers and really motivate the whole company to become focused on that because frankly it hadn't had the focus that was required. And we of course benefited because as we improve the quality and reliability of our products, our yields also improved which lowered our costs and enabled us to compete effectively. Which we did.
CA: Robert, can you talk about your role at Mostek, the positions you held, your responsibilities going through your time at Mostek?
RP: Well, I started out at Mostek as the primary process development engineer. I was really privileged to work with great people. We had been fortunate to hire a number of really smart process people from around, like Dr. Chao Mai, who came to us from Sylvania 's electronics operations. Myint Hswe, who was from Burma originally, had worked at Motorola and Texas Instruments. He came and worked on process development. We had just a number of really sharp process engineers that I was privileged to work with. I ran process research and development initially and then manufacturing. There were times in my career that I ran product engineering, all of engineering. I guess eventually I became the executive vice president for Semiconductor Operations for United Technologies which purchased Mostek in late '79. I think the deal was completed in early 1980. Then I worked for United Technologies for five years, like I say, eventually being the executive VP for the operations. So I had the opportunity to work in a lot of different roles. I think I probably enjoyed process R&D the most early in my career because as an engineer you actually get to do things and see the result right then. You run the experiment. You take the measurements. Rats! That didn't work! I've got to try something else.
As a manager it's not quite that rewarding. The pay is better. And so you just keep moving up if you're lucky. I enjoyed both roles. But actually hands-on engineering is hard to beat. At least for us in physics and engineering [where] you got to see stuff really come to fruition. And the early work is very exciting. I enjoyed looking back over some of my notes for this interview. I can't even read some of the notes but it's fun to look at it and think Wow! That really kept me up nights and was motivating and exciting. Later in management, in various positions, what would keep you up nights was different. A little less exciting and a lot more stressful.
CA: You just talked about some things that kept you up at night. Looking back during the time that you were in manufacturing and process engineering, what were some of the really big challenges? Any stories to tell about getting problems solved?
RP: Well let me think about that. There were always plenty of problems to be solved. In the early days of MOS manufacturing, processes weren't that stable. And you could easily sort of temporarily lose the recipe and the yields would not meet requirements. I'm sure we lived through a number of those things. Early on one time we had a fire in our manufacturing facility. And for that matter Intel had a fire in one of their offshore assembly operations. It was very interesting because at that time I think Bob Noyce was the CEO of Intel. And L.J. called him and offered to let him assemble their products -- which were competing with our products -- in our assembly facilities until they could get their factory back up. So it was really a more collegiate environment at the time even though we were fiercely competitive in the market place. There were some great people. It's hard to think of an industry that you would have been better just by happenstance to choose to put your career into. You had the opportunity to work with really smart people and real leaders in the business. People like Bob Noyce or Charlie Sporck at National and many others. To know these people and to get to work with them. Be surrounded by really smart people and be doing something that had an undeniable, positive impact on society and on the United States economy in general. You couldn't have foreseen all of that. None of that, as I said earlier, would have been possible without the relationship that existed between the equipment manufacturers that made the advances in technology possible, and the design engineers that knew how to exploit these technologies. It was just an incredible symbiotic and competitive industry. And for me personally it was a very exciting and rewarding career.
CA: Now I'd like to ask a question about SEMI. SEMI was formed in 1970 and Mostek was the year before. Did you have any interaction with SEMI and the SEMICON shows?
RP: I went to the shows and enjoyed understanding what SEMI and SEMICON was all about. And that was a very important part of being a process engineer. It was a very important part of development and designing. I was one of the founding members of SEMATECH, for example. And SEMATECH was essential in my view to making it possible for the manufacturers to make a living. Early on each of the companies would come to the tool manufacturers with some kind of different requirement. And everybody wanted something different, something special. And the [equipment] manufacturers were having a very difficult time getting a return on their investment. They couldn't please everybody and there was no consensus in the industry. And so that wasn't a tenable situation.
Even though we were fiercely competitive in the market place -- SEMATECH enabled us to work together with the manufacturers of equipment so that they had a fair chance of meeting the majority needs of the industry, and thereby being able to spread their costs over a large number of relatively standard machines so that everything became much more affordable. Much more efficient. So I saw SEMATECH as a huge part of the success of the American semiconductor industry. And I don't think we would have been as successful without it. Well you could argue that organizations like SEMI early on were really the genesis of some of that. They showed that this is the way you could work cooperatively to enable the technology to be developed and shared among various manufacturers effectively.
CA: While we're on the topic of SEMATECH, what sort of involvement did you have in the organization?
RP: As I mentioned, I was fortunate to be one of the founding members. And the real drivers behind SEMATECH like Bob Noyce, Charlie Sporck saw that we really had to have some way of dealing with the manufacturer the tool manufacturers in a way that was helpful. And how do we explore all of the challenges that they're still exploring? As lithography continues to get to smaller and smaller dimensions, and you have ever new challenges in semiconductor manufacturing, reliability and quality, all kinds of issues. Today there are many challenges. When I started my career one of the amusing things about MOS devices as compared to bipolar is people said, Well, they were simple. And structurally they were. You could build an MOS device with a handful of photo masks. Today if you look at a cross section of a sophisticated microprocessor, you'll have nine levels of interconnect. You'll have any number of different materials and structure. Many, many implants. It's a very complex process. And yet the yields are incredibly high. Industry has come so far. And yet the next generation requires breaking new ground every time in the physics of things and then in the tools that enable us to build the new devices. And therefore the costs keep escalating, as you know.
But SEMATECH, from my point of view, was a really important organization. It was difficult to do. There were issues about competitiveness, antitrust issues that had to be solved. There were technology issues. Just how do you get people from all of these different companies to come and work in a collaborative way when in fact they'd been competitors? But we sent scientists and engineers to work together. Fortunately with the leadership that Bob Noyce provided early on -- we forced or drafted twisted his arm so that he would take on the first chairmanship of SEMATECH -- he just did a wonderful job of creating an atmosphere where people could come and be successful. And it was a huge loss to the industry, in my view, when he died prematurely. But SEMATECH continues to add value, in my view, to the industry and I think it was just a huge success story for us.
CA: Speaking of Bob Noyce, everybody loves to hear stories about him. Do you have an anecdote or a personal recollection?
RP: Well my personal recollection the first time I met Bob Noyce I was just privileged to be able to meet him. I just remember how soft spoken he was. And for someone with his level of accomplishment, you never met a more modest man, unless possibly Gordon Moore -- his protégé. These guys were really the best of engineering and management and yet really soft spoken, self-effacing gentlemen. And the thing I came away with thinking wasWow! What a great human being in addition to being obviously a leader, a pioneer in semiconductor technology.
CA: Just moving back to Mostek and leading up to the acquisition by United Technologies, how did that happen?
RP: Of course L.J. Sevin would be a better source for the actual detail -- but the driving function as I recall was that Sprague Electric, which owned a large percentage of Mostek even though we were a public company, wanted to basically cash out their position and get a capital infusion for their main business. And in doing that basically we were in play. Various companies were interested in us because of the success that we'd had and L.J. had built a company that I think in our peak probably had on the order of 8,000 employees and multi-hundred million dollars of revenue and had established ourselves as a leader in technology. Really, United Technologies, as I recall, played a white knight role. It was a very professionally run company and remains so in my view. They made a better offer than the competing offers and they were able to buy the company in late 1979. And I believe the transaction was completed in early 1980. And I enjoyed what I learned working with the executives at United Technologies. Harry Gray was their CEO at the time and I remember going up to Hartford , Connecticut on a quarterly basis and explaining my budget and my goals and the achievements. And believe me. It was a lot more fun to explain achievements than misses. So Harry was good at instilling a little more discipline. And they ran things in a much more financial structure than maybe we were used to. But again, for me personally it was a good learning experience. And I think the company did well. United Technologies brought additional capital and enabled us to move more heavily into photolithographic steppers than we otherwise could have. At that time we were still on projection aligners and just making a transition to using stepper technology, which enabled us to build more complex dynamic random access memories. There were a lot of technical problems to solve using that technology, not the least of which was throughput. But UTC was a good parent. We would have preferred to stay independent. But under the circumstances we weren't in control of our own destiny. We didn't own enough of the equity in the company.
CA: Did you leave United Technologies before the Mostek division was sold?
RP: No. I stayed with United Technologies. I think I was probably the last the longest serving original Mostek employee with UTC. I left when Mostek was sold as a division from UTC to ST Microelectronics. And of course it remains in Carrolton [ Texas ]. I haven't been out there but they still have a number of engineers there and it's been a contributor all these years to ST. But that would have been in September of 1985, if memory serves correctly. And that's when I left the company. Then I was fortunate to go to work for Digital Equipment in their semiconductor operations.
CA: Robert, could you talk about how you ended up going to Digital and what sort of work you did there initially?
RP: Well I was fortunate to be recruited to go to work for Digital Equipment and to run their semiconductor operation there. At the time I wasn't sure I wanted to do that because I'd be moving back up to the Northeast. But I had lived up there for three years previously. I like it. There is a lot to be said for it. And Digital was a very different company. They'd been a customer of Mostek's so I knew some of the people. But it was a very different kind of company in the way it was managed and run. And of course, a very successful company. In semiconductors I was initially responsible for the manufacturing side of that and the circuit designers. And I enjoyed it. I enjoyed the people and I enjoyed the culture at Digital. We had a relatively modest sized manufacturing facility because we were building semiconductors primarily -- well, really exclusively -- for Digital's system products.
CA: I imagine that Digital would have had to buy a lot of their ICs from merchant suppliers.
RP: Yes.
CA: So what was the internal [semiconductor] manufacturing? What sort of advantage did that give you to manufacture internally?
RP: One of the most important products that Digital had in the mid 1980s when I joined the company was the MicroVax. MicroVax was a single chip that would run the VMS software for D igital. And so this enabled us to build a very successful line of work stations and small servers you couldn't have bought that chip externally. It had all kinds of proprietary architecture and information in it for Digital. And the engineer that managed that project Jesse Lipcon, was employee number 1,024 at Digital, which I remember quite well because 1,024 of course is a power of two. But Jessie did a great job with that. And again he was a good systems customer. Now I was also responsible for our external semiconductor purchases so Digital had a big appetite for semiconductors. So that gave us a lot of clout in the industry in terms of purchasing. And we only built things internally that you couldn't buy externally. It was obvious you could buy your commodity supplies and traditional integrated circuits externally much cheaper than you could design and build them inside. On the other hand, some of the things that we designed and built inside, like the Microvax chip, gave us significant advantages in the market place and with our systems products.
CA: Were there any particular manufacturing issues that you had to deal with at Digital in semiconductor manufacturing?
RP: There were. Semiconductor operations are different in every company really. You learn things at a different company. You can bring that knowledge to the new company. You find that they do some things there better than you were doing them before. So there was a lot of, I think, good work being done at Digital. I enjoyed it. We had a good relationship with our suppliers and I think the company was a well-respected company. So most of the challenges I had had to do with getting the costs down. Normally in a systems company where you have much more modest volumes you need a different mindset than perhaps they had initially. So a lot of my focus was on -- How do we become more efficient? How do we reduce costs, improve cycle times? Things of that nature. Work better with our internal customers. But nothing spectacular. Nothing unusual when you're a semiconductor supplier.
CA: How did you make the progression from head of the semiconductor manufacturing to the CEO of Digital Equipment?
RP: Well from semiconductors, which were really not a very important part of Digital Equipment Company at the time, I was successful in reducing our costs and meeting my budget and that sort of thing for a number of years. And that got somebody's attention. And they asked me to take on all of manufacturing. And manufacturing was a big challenge. We manufactured in many different countries around the world. We had far too much manufacturing capacity. What had happened is that as semiconductors enabled more and more of the computing to be done on individual chips and much smaller and tighter packing density, you really didn't need the sized factories we had because you didn't build them that way anymore. So it was my job to take that on and to figure out how to rationalize all of manufacturing.
We had about 35 plants as I recall. And we had work for a very small number of those plants if they were fully loaded. So it was a pretty difficult job, frankly. And a number of really awkward decisions had to be made in terms of which plants just had to be closed because there wasn't sufficient work. Even though the company was doing quite well there was just no work for those plants because semiconductor technology really had changed the way that you needed to build computers.
I was successful I guess in managing the manufacturing operations, reducing costs. And when it became time for Ken Olsen, who was the founder of Digital, to retire and step aside, the board did a process that involved interviewing various managers within the company, both in the systems side and manufacturing and external candidates as well. And I was privileged really to be selected to succeed Ken, who was a legend in the industry. By that time the company was having some pretty serious difficulties. But, you know, you grow into the job. It was a real privilege and an honor to be chosen and really capped my career. I love the company. It was a great company and the people there were really wonderful to work with.
CA: And when did you retire from Digital?
RP: Well, it became clear to me in the mid, probably the mid 1990s, that the personal computer business was going to continue to expand and that proprietary architectures were going to have more and more difficulty competing with architectures that were more standardized. And basically the whole cost structure of proprietary architectures was not suitable for customers' needs as the industry standard chips had more and more power and began to gain as software from Microsoft and others became more robust and capable, and as UNIX' pervasiveness began to grow and grow. It was obvious that really you just couldn't compete on small volumes against these giant volumes.
To be specific, at the time we were talking with Compaq [Computer] about a merger of the two companies, I think Digital was manufacturing about one million PCs a year. And Compaq was doing 12 times that number. So the whole economics of scale of purchasing power, everything was working against smaller manufacturers. So you either had to get out of the PC business, which is where the whole computer industry was growing, or you had to find some way to get more scale. And from my point of view and my management team, the board of directors, we felt like the best opportunity was to marry the systems kind of expertise that we had and the services expertise with the high volume manufacturing of PCs that Compaq had. And I think that that was a necessary consolidation. That merger was completed in 1998 and as part of the merger, I no longer had a job. I sort of had a couple of ways to go and the way I chose to go was to get a premium for my shareholders but it resulted in my career being over. But it certainly was a great career and no regrets about that. And that consolidation continued, by the way. As you know, Compaq and Digital and Tandem are now all part of Hewlett Packard. If you look at the total employment of Hewlett Packard today, it's substantially less than the employment of those four companies combined. So the computer industry is going to continue to consolidate in my view and that was part of that process.
CA: Well that's it. That's all we need.
RP: I've enjoyed talking with you.
CA: Thank you very much.
RP: Thank you.


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Longtime Fort Jones resident Marilyn Rae Davis passed away on Nov. 29, 2012 in Mount Shasta.
Longtime Fort Jones resident Marilyn Rae Davis passed away on Nov. 29, 2012 in Mount Shasta. She was 77 years old.
Marilyn was born on Feb. 13, 1935 in Yuba City to Ollie and Helen Sanders. She was raised in Yuba City and graduated from high school there. In 1954, she married Richard Davis. The family moved to Little Shasta in 1962, and then to Scott Valley in 1970. Marilyn was a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Marilyn enjoyed sewing, but was well-known for her quilting, which was her passion. She enjoyed drawing and horseback riding, and she especially loved her garden.
Marilyn is survived by her four children Daniel Davis, Sharon McBroom, Russell Davis and Monte Davis; her sister Carolyn Sanders; two brothers Ross Sanders and Richard Sanders; 16 grandchildren; and four great-grandchildren.
Marilyn was preceded in death by her husband of 47 years, Richard, in 2001.
A memorial service will be held at 11 a.m. on Friday, Dec. 28, 2012 at the Scott Valley Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Etna. Online condolences can be made at www.girdnerfuneralchapel.com. Girdner Funeral Chapel is in charge of arrangements.

subset: commoncrawl


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Your companions await. Side by side showing the world the true meaning of beauty. But, let's not get ahead of ourselves, first you must embark on a journey of creativity in order to bring the companions to life. Only you possess this awesome power. Well, that may be a bit of an exaggeration, you will also need these magical objects; a device of magnificent color (a.k.a. a printer), two flat rectangles of pulpiness (a.k.a. paper), and the magic tool of sharpness (a.k.a. a craft knife). With these few ingredients you can bring forth the beings in all their spectacularness*. In return for your creativity you will receive eternal happiness. The eternal part is pushing it a bit, but we're pretty sure you'll smile.
They're only a click away, bringing natural beauty to your bedroom, bathroom, office, kitchen, closet, dashboard, club house, tree fort, and the world.
Download Triple Dippy at;
Views: 119
© 2019 Created by Castleforte. Powered by


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- Home
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- Public Notices
The Taylorsville Police Department will be hosting a drug drop off in conjunction with the Drug Enforcement Agency Saturday from 10 a.m. until 2 p.m. in the Taylorsville City Hall parking lot at 70 Taylorsville Road. Residents can bring any expired/unused/unwanted pills, liquids, needles or other medications for free and safe disposal, no questions asked. Officials asked that all medications be in sealed containers. Pills should not be mixed with any liquid medications.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the The Spencer Magnet, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
|ZIP Code:


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For the Compton Petroleum Corporation, each day an oil well is not in production equals thousands of dollars in delayed revenue. In order to minimise the time involved in the Decision to Drill process, the Alberta, Canada-based company needed a solution to improve its business processes and shorten the timeline from initial scope to production.
After exploring vertically oriented solutions designed for the oil and gas industry as well as enterprise content management (ECM) solutions that could automate paper processes, Compton Petroleum realised it needed a solution that provided the flexibility to meet the organisation's business processes without requiring fundamental operating changes.
That's when the company selected OnBase, Hyland Software's ECM solution suite.
"Whatever we pull out of the ground, we can sell," says Paul Parzen, manager of IT, risk and audit. "Any days you can trim off your cycle from concept through to having a well on production is money in your pocket. . . . OnBase captures the essence of what IT must bring to the table for business – solutions that allow the business to execute more efficiently and faster, with better information."
With OnBase, utilities companies:
OnBase enables utilities companies to meet the needs of each department – including Accounting and Finance, Human Resources and Legal – with one easily supported application, letting them start with a single department or solution and expand as time, goals and budget permit.


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amy.neuer necesitaba un nuevo diseño de impreso o envases y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 28 diseños de 9 diseñadores freelance.
Polar King International, Inc.
Polar King International, Inc. is the industry's #1 manufacturer of outdoor fiberglass walk-in freezers and walk-in coolers . Our walk-in refrigerators are made of fiberglass and designed specifically for outdoor use. All outdoor cooler units are delivered pre-wired, pre-assembled, and ready to operate. No on-site assembly is required on any walk-in or trailer unit. Our units are the only truly seamless fiberglass on the market.
more info at http://www.polarking.com
We will be sending this postcard out to foodservice directors at correctional facilities.
This is a 9"W x 6"H postcard, full-color both sides. Please provide files in CMYK, 300dpi, layered PSDs, with 1/8" bleeds
Include on front and back: the logo, call to action (Contact us today! 800-752-7178 http://www.polarking.com), starburst/highlight that says '10 Year Structural Warranty'
Follow the same color scheme and style as the website: http://www.polarking.com, and attached brochure
Include the following bullet points on the front:
--White interior walls improve visibility
--Built specifically for outdoor applications
--Requires no on-site assembly or refrigeration work
--Eliminates the need to caulk and maintain seams
Include following text on the back:
Since 1982, state and federal correctional facilities have trusted Polar King for their outdoor walk-in cooler & freezer needs. Our seamless fiberglass design provides a bright and sanitary interior, along with a 100% weatherproof exterior in any climate. If you're looking for the longest lasting walk-in unit on the market today, Polar King is the answer for you.
Pictures: Use attached walk-in pictures and correctional facility picture. (avoid use of any pictures of prison cells, inmates or similar - other than provided picture)


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Victoria's Secret Angel Doutzen Kroes Gives Birth To A Baby Boy! Congratulations!
More baby news! Model Doutzen Kroes has become a first-time mom to a beautiful baby boy named Phyllon.
Congratulations, Doutzen Kroes! The 25-year-old model and her husband Sunnery James welcomed a son named Phyllon this morning (Jan. 21) in Amsterdam! "We're in love with him! Can't describe this feeling! Phyllon (pronounce: Fillen) is in our life!" proud new daddy Sunnery tweeted. We're so happy for them!
Emily Procter is a first-time mom to baby girl, Pippa!
Phyllon, who weighed 8 lbs., is the first child for the couple who tied the knot in November in their native Netherlands. Doutzen and her Victoria's Secret gal pal Miranda Kerr, who just welcomed a baby boy named Flynn, will have to plan some play dates!
Congratulations again, we can't wait to meet the little guy.
–Leigh Blickley
Get more HollyBaby news and gossip! Friend
us on Facebook, Follow us on Twitter and Subscribe to our Newsletter!


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The Marine Corps commandant's uncompromising talk against sexual assault looked like unlawful command influence, a military appeals court said Thursday, as it overturned a Parris Island enlisted man's conviction on sexual assault charges.
The high-profile ruling by the U.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals frees former Staff Sgt. Steve Howell. The ruling also casts stark light on the unforeseen consequences that have ensued from high-level Pentagon and congressional attention to the problem of sexual assault in the military.
"We're ecstatic," Howell's attorney, C. Edward Massey, said in an interview Thursday. "I think this was the right thing to do."
The decision by the three-judge appellate panel is the latest, and in some ways most dramatic, fallout from a series of remarks given in 2012 by the commandant, Gen. James Amos. Pressed by Congress, Amos delivered a round of talks in which he urged tough action against sexual assault in the ranks.
Amos declared, among other things, that "the fact of the matter is, 80 percent of (allegations) are legitimate sexual assault" rather than "buyer's remorse." Amos further pronounced himself "very, very disappointed" in court-martial panels that have become "so soft" and were unwilling to "get rid" of bad apples.
"A disinterested observer, knowing that potential court-martial members heard this very personal appeal in April from the (commandant) to 'fix' the sexual assault problem, would harbor significant doubts about the fairness of a sexual assault trial held shortly thereafter in June," Chief Judge Moira Modzelewski, a Navy captain, wrote for the court.
A concurring judge, Lt. Col. R. Quincy Ward, noted, however, that the court was only finding the appearance of unlawful command influence, rather than actual command influence.
Howell had been charged with rape, forcible sodomy, assault and adultery. He maintained that any sexual contact, with the mother of a potential recruit, was consensual. This was effectively the buyer's remorse defense that Amos had explicitly dismissed as invalid; or, as the Marine general put it, "bull----."
Howell's 2012 court-martial trial at Parris Island, S.C., became further complicated when the original trial judge, Lt. Col. Robert G. Palmer, delivered his own denunciations of alleged perpetrators while speaking in June 2012 to younger lawyers.
"Palmer made the following comments: 'The defendant is guilty. We wouldn't be at this stage if he wasn't guilty. It is your job to prove he is guilty. You need to take him down,'" Modzelewski recounted.
Palmer's exhortations came after he had rejected defense requests to find the commandant's remarks amounted to the appearance of unlawful command influence.
Defense attorneys subsequently complained, and Palmer stepped down from the bench for another assignment. Most recently, the Marine Corps has assigned him to serve as the regional defense counsel for the East Coast, covering bases in North Carolina and South Carolina.
Palmer is slated to start this new job by the end of May. A Marine Corps spokesman said he is unavailable to comment.
Other judges completed Howell's trial, at which he was eventually found guilty of all charges and sentenced to 18 years in prison. Though these judges took steps to address defense complaints about unlawful command influence, the appellate court reasoned they weren't sufficient.
"An objective member of the public would be left with the appearance and the impression that Lt. Col. Palmer's flawed rulings, both on the (unlawful command influence) motion and on defense challenges, infected the verdict and sentence," Modzelewski concluded.
Massey, who is based in Erlanger, Ky., said Howell will be released from the U.S. Disciplinary Barracks at Leavenworth. Howell has been incarcerated at the military prison in Kansas for the past year and a half. He also will be restored to his rank of staff sergeant, Massey said.
Potentially, the Marine Corps could decide to put Howell on trial again, as the appellate court reasoned that "allowing a retrial does not unfairly advantage the government." A decision to seek another trial, or perhaps negotiate severance from the service, was not immediately forthcoming.
"The Marine Corps respects all decisions of the U.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals and retains full confidence in its military justice system," Marine Capt. Ty Balzer said late Thursday afternoon.


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We are proud to announce that this Apr 27th, 12:00 PM to 2:00 PM we will be hosting an Open House at 237 East 4th Avenue in Artworks in the Mount Pleasant neighborhood, Vancouver. This is an opportunity to visit this excellent Vancouver Loft for sale in beautiful Mount Pleasant.
Please come with any questions you may have. In the meantime you can take a virtual tour of this Mount Pleasant Vancouver Loft for sale.
As always please do not hesitate to give me a call at 604-916-9940 if I can answer any questions before the open house, or if you would like to book a private showing.
Adam Knight
In Town Realty


text:
Shop Our Store for
more than 15,000 custom jewelry & accessories including evening bags, rings, hair accessoriess, scarf and much more!
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Browse user friendly website from your smartphone, tablet or your desktop. You can submit your order Anytime, Anywhere.
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Earn Amazing Reward Point every dollar you spend and use the points shopping Your Favorite Products.
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Have a question? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com with your questions, suggestions, and concerns.
Ur Eternity is a fasting growing wholesale Fashion Jewelry, Wholesale costume Jewelry, trendy wholesale Jewelry and wholesale fashion accessories located in the fashion district of New York City. We are the first-hand importer, manufacturer and distributor that pride ourselves in carrying the best quality wholesale jewelry and accessories at the most competitive prices. As wholesale jewelry distributors, we understand that your company's time and money are valuable resources. With hard work and dedication, we strive to provide our customers the latest trends and styles as we update our website on a daily basis.
We offer variety of jewelry and accessory styles. Whatever the customers are looking for, we probably carry them. The products include assortment of wholesale earrings, necklaces, bracelets, brooches, handbags, rings, hair accessories and much more. We strive to offer compelling jewelry and fashion for all women, from juniors to missy.
We understand how important each customer is. Our mission is to provide the best possible customer service, and guarantee that orders be processed and shipped in fastest time. Our highly qualified and well-trained staff is available to help and to make your one-stop shopping easy and convenient.


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Getting Started with your Neo FreeRunner
From Openmoko
m (→Step 2. Flashing Kernel)
m (→Step 3. Flashing Root Filesystem)
|Line 175:
|Line 175:
Type in the following command in the terminal of a GNU/Linux host.
Type in the following command in the terminal of a GNU/Linux host.
./dfu-util -a rootfs -R -D openmoko-devel-image-fic-gta02.jffs2
./dfu-util -a rootfs -R -D openmoko-devel-image-fic-gta02.jffs2
Revision as of 00:13, 6 July 2008
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Thank you for purchasing this Developer release of Neo FreeRunner. The Neo FreeRunner phone is the second hardware platform to take advantage of Openmoko. This guide will help you get to know your Neo FreeRunner and how to start using your Neo FreeRunner.
What Is In The Box
Getting To Know Neo FreeRunner
Turning On Neo FreeRunner
You can boot your Neo FreeRunner in following ways:
- Boot into U-Boot via NAND Flash.
These ways allows you to update the kernel and root filesystem.
Start the Openmoko Image
Press and hold Power button (about 8 seconds) until Openmoko splash screen turns up. You may now release the Power button, and Neo FreeRunner will continue to boot into the Openmoko Image.
Log into U-Boot in NAND Flash
Press and hold Power button, then press and hold AUX button (about 5~8 seconds ). You can see BOOT MENU for NAND Flash. Press AUX to select the options, Power to execute.
Log into U-Boot in NOR Flash
Press and hold AUX button, then press and hold Power button. Release AUX button. You can see BOOT MENU for NOR Flash. (This option is usually used by developers or when flashing the FreeRunner. Also, if you can't log into U-Boot in NAND, then you can log into U-Boot in NOR Flash.)
| NOTE: There are six options you can choose when you log into NOR Flash.
1. Boot
3. Set console to USB
4. Set console to Serial
5. Reset
6. Power off
Flashing Neo FreeRunner
As Openmoko development continues, Openmoko regularly releases updated versions of the Openmoko root filesystem, the kernel, and the U-Boot. These may be programmed into the Flash memory of Neo FreeRunner. You can use the USB cable and Openmoko provided tool to flash Neo FreeRunner.
|NOTE: The Openmoko software team builds images daily. If you want to use the latest images, you can download the image from the daily build, but we recommend you download the most stable image from http://downloads.openmoko.org/releases/Freerunner/. Images here have been tested by the test team.
Step1. Download DFU-util
You can download the flashing tool from: http://downloads.openmoko.org/releases/Freerunner/dfu-util
On the GNU/Linux host, you you can use following command to download dfu-util:
wget http://downloads.openmoko.org/releases/Freerunner/dfu-util
Afterwards you have to change the rights:
chmod a+x dfu-util
Step 2. Flashing Kernel
You can download the kernel from http://downloads.openmoko.org/releases/Freerunner/
Type in the following command in the terminal of a GNU/Linux host. On some systems you need to be root.
./dfu-util -a (partion name) -R -D (download image file name)
./dfu-util -a kernel -R -D uImage-2.6.24+svnr4082-r4055-r3-neo1973.bin
| NOTE: The meaning of parameter you spcified:
-a --alt alt Specify the altsetting of the DFU interface by name or by number
Step 3. Flashing Root Filesystem
You can download the root filesystem from : http://downloads.openmoko.org/releases/Freerunner/
Type in the following command in the terminal of a GNU/Linux host. On some systems you need to be root.
./dfu-util -a rootfs -R -D openmoko-devel-image-fic-gta02.jffs2
When flashing succeeds
status(0) = No error condition is present
Connect To Neo FreeRunner By USB Networking
Connect Neo FreeRunner to Linux host with USB cable. For OS X please refer to MacOS_X. After booting into Openmoko image, there will be a new interface, usb0, in your Linux host.
Manual Method
Type in the following command in the terminal of a GNU/Linux host.
ifconfig usb0 192.168.0.200 netmask 255.255.255.0 ssh firstname.lastname@example.com
Press Enter to pass the password.
Automatic Method
- Debian and derivatives (Ubuntu, Sidux etc.)
Edit /etc/network/interfaces
auto usb0 iface usb0 inet static address 192.168.0.200 netmask 255.255.255.0
- Gentoo
Edit /etc/conf.d/net
Restart the networking service and type in the following command in the terminal of GNU/Linux host.
ssh email@example.com
Press Enter to pass the password.
Making things even more automatic
If you don't want to remember the IP number of your phone you can create an alias by adding the following line to your /etc/hosts:
192.168.0.202 openmoko
Now it should immediately be possible to connect your phone using the following command line:
ssh root@openmoko
If you want to know more about FreeRunner, you can get more information in following topics:


text:
Health By Design Gardeners' Market
Every Thursday from 5-7 you can catch the Health by Design Gardeners' Market in the RiverStone Health Parking Lot 123 South 27th Street.
There's no fee, just come and set up. Keep in mind, this market is weather permitting, and limited to fruits and veggies.


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Playoff tickets are on sale now
I was just out in Lot 10 where more than 1,000 people are on hand to purchase tickets for potential postseason games. After yesterday's win, there's a lot of excitement in the air, even if we are 1/2 a game out of the hunt right now. With six games left, so much is still possible, it's hard to even keep track of all the scenarios.
You can buy tickets over the phone at 866.DODGERS or online at dodgers.com.
32 Comments
i just got my playoff tix, hopefully i will get a chance to use them..
Though my fork is still firmly in the Dodgers, there's nothing like a fan for wistful thinking and wishing on a star, therefore playoff tix have been secured 😉
The Dodgers haven't lost any of the games that I went to this year ( I even saw Hendrickson's solitary win in Dodger Blue! ) so here's to hoping the Bums can sneak into the postseason, then we may have two games guaranteed 😉
GO Cards, GO Astros.
Good times.
Let's win one at a time.
Not looking good tonight!
It's as if the rest of the league would rather let the Pads and Phils win then see the Mighty Blue in the postseason.
Do the Dodgers offer refunds to PO ticket purchasers if things continue like they are??
"Do the Dodgers offer refunds to PO ticket purchasers if things continue like they are??"
It's either that or you could use them as really expensive coasters, or even bookmarks.
Okay Ray… you've lost me. What's with the Jeff Hamilton comment and why would I want to believe in him?
read my blog kss, then u will understand, here it is
LOL, Jeff Hamilton was the Dodger closer when I fisrt started following them!!! A long line of crappy closers until we got Gagne there!!!
SD and STL all tied at 5
Hou 5
Philly 4 in the 7th
i'm talking about jeff hamilton the third baseman/pitcher for one night..
My bad, Jay Howell was the closer, with a young Joh Wettland in the setup role!!
I can't believe I am following the Card/SD and Philly/Houston game. Tough going as in our Dodger games.
Maybe I should get out my absolute favorite card Ray, my 1954 Duke Snider card.
Too late. Piazza just got us.
Things could be worse, the Chi Sox just 2 innings away from being outed!! Can't wait to see Ozzie bark about this one!!!
Not even making the PO's after that run last year???
Dodgers are now tied in the wildcard
were tied in the wild card!, i'd rather be tied for the division, but i'll hapilly take the wild card..
Down goes the Phils and their win streak!!!
All tied up in the WC standings!!!
**** Padres win, looks like the WC is our best bet and thus we will play the Mets w/out any home field advantage. 😦
Astros only 2.5 games behind STL.
Could be back-to-back WS visits for them if the Cards choke more.
Tear up your freakin' Jeff Hamilton card before the Dodgers lose the division… dare I say "dork"? Nah… Ray we like you. Just don't do that Jeff Hamilton thing again… so we can WIN the division, okay? Wild-card isn't where it's at. I want the division for the Dodgers.
lol, i guess you missed the sarcasm in that..
lol… ditto for you love! 😮 )
Just keep holding on.
It doesn't matter what the other two clubs are doing, we need to focus on winning every single game because that may be what it takes to get in. Realistically, we NEED to win 4, maybe 5 depending if the other 2 clubs stay hot this last week. I get the feeling one of these clubs will stumble, the question is which. Something like this is will create loads of momentum for someone heading into the post season, will it be us?
Phillies finish with Wash. and Fla., and Pads got us by 2 games as it stands. Like I said, we more or less need to win out. Mad Dog and Penny have let us down as we've slid out of 1st, Lowe has been money, but he's stood alone. The big 3 will get 2 starts apiece this week, a chance for redemption and I like the fact they have all been in the biggest of games and came out on top. C'mon Dodgers, "do it, do it".
I see the cards getting hot now the pressure is on and they can't let astholes take them out. I think they will take the next 2 from the pads and that opens the door for us to sweep into the NL West tied if the team can do the Rox n gnats 6 to go Breakout that cooperstown bound bat and turn off the humidor.
Where there's breath, there's life. We still have it. Today's the day it all starts. Go Ddogers!!
We just have to concentrate on the Rockies and the Giants, 'cause if we don't, it won't matter what the Pads and Phils do! Penny and Mad Dog will be just fine, they're gamers when the chips are down. Kuo/Billingsley and middle relief are the keys!


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Event description
PRYZM proudly presents the Saturday Takeover, and this time it's even bigger! With 3 clubs, bigger entertainment, glamorous and sexy rooms with glamorous and sexy clientele. Not your average Saturday night, in fact, our expectations and standards will be blown away, Saturdays in Bristol will never be the same again.
This week, like every week we party until the early hours....
This week, like every week we party until the early hours....
Opus: DJ Leroy Fish in the main arena and heart of the new PRYZM with a real Vegas feel pumping out commercial dance and classic house, with all that's deep and exclusive.
Velocity: DJ GARNZ brings his alternative twist to all things smooth and sexy, with R'n'B classics and underground exclusives. The signature room with smooth grooves in the most glamorous surroundings.
Disco: DJ Paul Conroy presenting the ultimate fun party experience with pop, party and chart hits.
Steinbeck & Shaw: Pre-clubbing experience in our ultra cool bar just next door to the main club. Food served until 10PM & open till late, with the extensive cocktail menu and DJ Andy O'Brien playing indie, pop and crowd favourites, What better way to kickstart your evening?
VIP booths and tables are available for those special occasions, click here for more information and bookings.
Drink Offers: Happy Hour with 50% off all drinks - including cocktails in Steinbeck & Shaw - from 5:00pm - 10:00pm!
Admission Information: £6.00 entry before 11:00pm, £9.00 thereafter Last entry 2:00am Valid Photo ID Required Over 18s only
Dress Code: Cool and clubby, no sportswear or trainers. Fancy dress is accepted. Please call for further details and assistance.
0117 927 9203


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Welcome aboard a paradise ship, where gentle sea breeze meets a laid-back cruising lifestyle. Overlooking a panorama of North Pattaya Beach and a beachfront promenade, the twin yacht-style towers house a total of 446 cabins, each outfitted with a private terrace, floor-to-ceiling panoramic windows, a bath tub and separate shower.
The hotel's marine themed interiors recreate a feeling of cruising in the high seas on a luxury yacht. As such, entertainment is a priority here, whether at the karaoke lounge, dance floor with a live band, or piano lounge. Dining is a delightful experience, with four dining venues serving a range of mouthwatering delicacies from Thai and Western cuisines. A seafood barbecue buffet dinner is not to be missed.


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Steelers vs. Eagles
Friday, August 25, 2006
8:00 PM - Lincoln Financial Field
According to ESPN it makes sense that there is going to be Monday Night Football on a Friday. Anyways, we get to see the T.O.-less Eagles in the battle of the Keystone State. If it means anything, they've already played two of our AFC North rivals (beat the Browns, loss to the Ravens) so maybe we can determine what things will be like based on how things go tomorrow. Then again, its only preseason...
Go 'Lers


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Water Damage Restoration Companies in Chilton – What Do You Need To Know about Water Damage Repair ?
Water damage
Water damage describes a large number of possible losses caused by water intruding where it will enable attack of a material or system by destructive processes such as rotting of wood, growth, rusting of steel, de-laminating of materials such as plywood, and many others.
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[rssonpage rss="http://www.bing.com/search?q=Restoration+Industry+Association&;format=rss" feeds="1″ excerpt="summery true" target="_blank"]
Who are the Water Damage Repair Chilton water damage restoration professionals to turn to for flood clean up, removal, and repair?
There are only a few true fire and water restoration companies that Water Damage Repair in Chilton Texas that can provide the full line of flood clean up, fire rebuilding and mold remediation services. These companies have been in business in the Chilton area for decades and have full time, trained technicians who are available to do emergency water extraction 24/7. They have industrial strength equipment and professional gear that they use daily on just such water damage emergencies.
We have been keywords accredited with Home Advisor since the beginning, and are honored to have earned a BBB A+ Accreditation, with over 50 5-Star Reviews!
And then there are the other guys….
These competitors are divided into three types of restoration service providers:
Water Damage Internet marketing firms
Most of the restoration companies you will find on the web are marketing companies that later sell your cleanup and rebuilding job to subcontractors they never met. When there is a big demand for restoration clean up services in Chilton, such as frozen and burst pipes, burst water heaters or rain and flood damage, these marketing companies call everyone who says that they can do water removal, clean up and repair to get your job. However, if they cannot find any subcontractors, your job will be abandoned.
Water Damage Restoration National Franchises
The other type of water removal and repair competitors are large corporate franchise restoration companies with very little connection to Chilton. They do not have full line fire, water and restoration services in Chilton and usually have staff that is new to the home restoration business. Very often, the true fire and water remediation companies are asked to complete repair jobs that were started by restoration franchisees.
Carpet Cleaning Companies
There are hundreds of carpet cleaning companies in Chilton that claim to be water damage restoration companies. These so called remediation experts have no water removal experience, flood damage clean up training or dehumidification equipment to complete water and flood damage repair projects. They also have no education or much experience in the science of water extraction, drying and clean up. There is very little chance that your property would be completely restored through their services.
In fact, since these companies do not have any water removal, fire restoration or mold remediation experience or content restoration facilities to handle personal belongings or furniture, their so called services only delay your home's restoration work. Meanwhile, there is further structural damage to your dry walls, ceilings, carpets, and floors, possibly resulting in mold damage.
Water Damage - What To Do If It Happens To You?
Dealing with water damage can be a traumatic experience. You feel a loss of control in your own home! The feeling only gets worse if you have a company come in and rip apart your walls, carpet, furniture, and rummage through your personal items! After dealing with all this aggravation and more, you get "rewarded" with a bill for $1,000's!
This does not have to be your experience with water damage.
You already have the ability to clean up your own water damage, you just need the know-how! Below is a step-by-step skeleton of what the actions you should take in remediating your own water damage.
Ensure Your Furniture is Safe- Check for structural damage and if water affected absorbent areas.
Drying Equipment- You will need to use air movers, fans, and dehumidifiers after you finish the demolition and restoration process. These pieces of equipment will allow your home to dry properly.
Deal with Insurance Companies- After you remediate your water damage, you will have to deal with your insurance company and make sure the insurance company pays you the money you deserve!


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Footage Of Tahiry Breaking Up With Joe Budden Is Confirmed Old! Joe Budden Explains Why Tahiry Spazzed Out On Him (Says Some Girl Blew Him A Kiss At A Strip Club)
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WASHINGTON—The sniping between establishment Republicans and tea partyers resumed Thursday as Texas Sen. Ted Cruz refused to endorse his state's senior senator in next week's Republican primary.
Sen. John Cornyn, the Senate's second-ranking Republican leader, faces tea party-backed Rep. Steve Stockman in Tuesday's election. Cruz declined to tell reporters how he plans to vote.
"I am not supporting any of the senators from my party or their opponents" in this year's primaries, Cruz said, adding that he might change his mind later.
Cruz, a tea party favorite and potential 2016 presidential candidate, has infuriated fellow Republicans by forcing uncomfortable votes on issues such as the debt, and by raising money for conservative groups trying to defeat veteran Republicans, including Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky.
Cruz's comments are especially notable because he is a vice chairman of the GOP committee tasked with winning Senate elections. He criticized the committee's track record and policy of virtually always backing incumbents.
At a breakfast sponsored by Politico, Cruz said he is no longer writing fundraising letters for anti-establishment groups such as the Senate Conservatives Fund. McConnell's backers are angry at the group for supporting his tea party challenger, Matt Bevin, in Kentucky's May 20 primary.
Still, Cruz sharply criticized McConnell's leadership, and praised the Senate Conservatives Fund by name.
"The brightest stars in the Republican Party," he said, were opposed by "the Republican leadership in Washington" and backed by groups such as the conservatives fund.
"Washington insiders have a terrible record at picking winners and losers," Cruz said.
Senators typically back party colleagues for re-election. Serious primary challenges were rare until tea party activists ousted some GOP veterans in 2010 and 2012. Other Republican senators steered farther right to protect themselves from similar fates.
Oddly, Cruz's unwillingness to back Cornyn came as a group of tea party activists in Texas disavowed Stockman, calling his campaign lazy and unethical and chiding him for refusing to answer media questions.
Cruz had few kind words for McConnell, who hopes to become Senate majority leader if Republicans gain six net seats this fall.
"I strongly disagree with some of the decisions the Republican leadership has made," Cruz said. He said McConnell is the party leader because "that is what is stenciled on his door."
Cruz infuriated McConnell's allies this month by threatening to filibuster a proposed increase in the federal debt ceiling. His actions forced several GOP senators to vote to clear the way for the increase, lest the party be blamed for a possible economic crisis.
McConnell and Cornyn, the Senate Republicans' top two leaders, were among those casting the unpleasant votes and drawing immediate criticism from tea partyers back home.
Also Thursday, House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, noted the fifth anniversary of the tea party uprising.
"I have made it clear that I have great respect for the tea party and the energy they brought to the electoral process," Boehner told reporters. "My gripe is with some Washington organizations who feel like they've got to go raise money by beating on me and others."
The Tea Party Patriots marked the fifth anniversary of the grassroots movement at a Washington event. If reaction of some 300 tea partyers were a barometer of 2016 preferences, Cruz drew a standing ovation and loud applause while Sen. Rand Paul, R-Ky., was warmly received.
Cruz, working the stage as if at a town hall, elicited cheers when he said he was "absolutely convinced we are going to repeal every single word" of Obama's health care law.
Paul drew laughs with a good news-bad news pairing: "The government is open, and the government is open."
He urged the group to offer an upbeat message and avoid name-calling.
Some tea party activists expressed disillusionment with GOP congressional leaders. Viveca Stoneberry of Spotsylvania, Va., said Boehner and others "pretend to be on the side of conservatives."
Rep. Tim Huelskamp, R-Kan., was interrupted by the crowd, which stood and cheered when he said, "It's high time we retire John Boehner." When the applause died down, he completed his statement that it was "high time to retire John Boehner's biggest excuse that we only control one-third of the government."
The exchanges came as establishment Republicans are pushing back aggressively against Senate tea party challengers in Kansas, Kentucky, Mississippi and elsewhere.
In Colorado, a political deal announced this week results in Ken Buck, a tea party-affiliated Republican who lost a close Senate race in 2010, dropping a similar bid this year, and running for the House instead. Replacing him in the Senate race against Democratic Sen. Mark Udall is Rep. Cory Gardner, who is more palatable to the GOP mainstream.
In Kansas, the Tea Party Express endorsed Milton Wolf, who opposes three-term Sen. Pat Roberts in the Republican primary.


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We just got back from beautiful Houston, Texas where tons of pros and fans came out and skated for a good cause. The Make A Wish Foundation and the Johnny Romano Foundation received a nice chunk of change thanks to all the people that came out and donated. There were amazing skate sessions, tons of free stuff, autograph signings, auctions, and you could even dunk Jamie Thomas. Video footage is being edited at the moment, but for now have a look at the gallery below to see some of the face and events that held it down in H-town.
More photos on the way!
Photos: Blair Alley


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Hope everyone had a good weekend. My sister and I went to the Wild & Woolly Festival in Proctorsville, VT on Saturday. It was a good little festival, with many nice vendors. I bought some new spinning fiber and I was so pleased to see that Harrisville Designs brought Brooklyn Tweed yarns- I picked up two skeins of Loft and one of Shelter. I'm so happy- I've wanted to get my hands on this stuff since it came out.
Sunday I went to a baby shower. I was in charge of games/prizes. I did the poopy-diaper game: melt various candy bars inside diapers, then pass them around and guess the candy bar. This game is hilarious... to me. I think some people were put off looking at the diapers and seeing something that resembles poop... but that's funny. Poop is funny. I have a picture of the poopy diapers and I feel like I must refrain from posting it to Flickr and here because I don't want to make anyone barf on their keyboards... but I think barfing is funny, too, so... I just have a toilet sense of humor I guess.
My Holy Hand Grenade is nearing completion (finally!). Only the pin remains.
A couple weekends ago Penny was hanging out with Dollar in the Man Cave (the loft above the garage) and tried to eat a wasp. She must have been stung because we noticed that her right cheek was swollen:
Poor PenPen :( But the swelling was gone by that evening and she was back to her adorable self:


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Feb. 11, 2007
After the first inning on Sunday, February 11, Bisons' pitcher Matt Schnelly had done what no Lipscomb starter had this season; shut the opposition down. The Bisons went on to win the game, 5-1, their first of the season.
"It was a great win against a great team," head coach Jeff Forehand said. "There are reasons we chose to pitch Schnelly on Sunday. We felt like he would give us exactly what he gave us, a steady performance."
It was the first time in three games, the Bisons' came to bat without trailing. Six batters later, and the Bisons had their first lead of the series.
With two outs in the first, Caleb Joseph walked. Justin Sanders followed with a walk, setting up third baseman Donnie Amos to hit an RBI single through the left side for his second RBI of the year.
Evansville tied the game on a one out homer in the third by Jeff Zelenovich.
The Bisons regained the lead in the bottom of the inning. Casey Bond led off with a bunt single, before immediately stealing second. Bond advanced to third on a fly ball out, off the bat of Joseph. Sanders followed with an RBI single to left center to give the Bisons a 2-1 lead.
The Purple Aces nearly tied the score in the fifth, but a perfect throw by left-fielder Allen Bolden, nailed the runner at home, preserving the one run lead.
The Bisons added to the lead with two more runs in the bottom of the fifth. Bond once again got Lipscomb started with a lead-off double to right. After Joseph bunted the runner to third, right-hander Matt Brinkmann came on in relief of Evansville's Wade Kapteyn. Brinkmann quickly recorded the first out before intentionally walking Amos to put runners on the corners for Shane Simpkins. Simpkins followed with a big two RBI double to right to give the Bisons a 4-1 lead.
Senior right-hander Rob Smithson relieved Schnelly to start the sixth. In five innings, Schnelly gave up one run on eight hits, while striking out three.
"Schnelly was a calming influence," Forehand said. "He only made one bad pitch and it left the park. He was mixing three pitches for strikes. He is a veteran guy who gives us a chance to win, every inning."
Smithson picked up right where Schnelly left off, shutting out the Purple Aces over the final four innings. In his four innings of work, Smithson gave up just three hits and struck out six.
The Bisons added another run in the sixth after Ben Williams scored on an error.
Simpkins led the Bisons on offense with two RBI's, with Sanders and Amos contributing one a piece. Bond led the team in hits with two.
In a game in which the Bisons at last found a way to record the clutch hit and score the big run, the story was undeniably the pitching lines of two senior right-handers.
It was exactly the lift the team needed. It is likely no coincidence that for such a young team, it took the leadership of its veterans to get the Bisons on the winning path. Schnelly recorded the win to bring his record to 1-0.
"Rob's four scoreless innings were huge for us," Schnelly said. "He made sure that a good Evansville team was not able to claw their way back into the game. Also the defense was behind us 100 percent. They turned some important double plays which really turned out to be huge. Our guys battled it out and were able to get some clutch hits.
"We were clicking on all cylinders today. Now that we've proven we can win, this victory can only add confidence. Guys are stepping up, our freshmen have proven they belong at this level, and we just have to go from there. Hopefully we can take the momentum from this win and do it again on Tuesday."
The Bisons are set to return to action when they travel to Auburn, Alabama, to take on Auburn University in a single game on Tuesday, February 13, at 3 p.m.


text: My husband and I do a lot of traveling and end up leaving Liesl either with my parents or in-laws. I would love to have her come with us to a lot of places, but refuse to put her "down below" as cargo. Are cavs small enough to fit in those carry-on pet carriers comfortably? Also, I've heard different opinions in terms of how strict flight attendants are with the dogs on board. One woman I talked to wasn't allowed to unzip the bag even enough to let her dog poke his nose out and had to keep the carrier completely under the seat in front of her. Yet, I've heard that others have had their dogs on their lap. Let me know what you all think!


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cwpromos needed a new t-shirt design and created a contest on 99designs.
A winner was selected from 69 designs submitted by 22 freelance designers.
I would like an illustration or unique way of showing african americans cycling. A man with and afro on a road bike would be ideal and then also incorporating the words Soul Cyclist in the design.
Soul Cyclist
I want this designed to hopefully start a project to get more african americans involved in cycling.
afro man riding a road bike. somewhat muscular but not overdone. With the words "Soul Cyclist" incorporated in to the design. It would also be nice if a "hair pic" was also in the picture.
- Item 1...


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Welcome to BSN-LINC, the national online track of the Professional Program in Nursing at UW-Green Bay. Our program specializes in RN to BSN education. We recognize that completion of a baccalaureate degree in nursing can open doors to new professional opportunities and create personal satisfaction for nurses. Employers want nurses prepared at the highest levels possible so that they are equipped to deal with the complexities of healthcare in the 21st century.
The UW name is recognized nationally for excellence in education. UW-Green Bay offers a high quality, user-friendly program with flexible transfer policies and excellent student support. The curriculum prepares nurse leaders, critical thinkers, effective communicators, managers, advocates, teachers, change agents, and providers of care who use autonomous nursing interventions as well as culturally congruent and ethically sound nursing care. Our faculty are knowledgeable in their areas of expertise and experienced in teaching adult learners.
As a leader in RN to BSN education, we offer three tracks to allow access to any RN currently licensed by any state in the United States. "BSN-LINC" has been designed for students living outside of Wisconsin looking to complete their BSN degree online. "BSN@Home" is the online track for Wisconsin students. Our "Campus Track" is for students living within driving distance of Green Bay wishing to attend "face to face" classes on our campus. Additionally, we offer "NURSE 1-2-1" – a 4 year BSN program in collaboration with Northeast Wisconsin Technical College for students having less than 15 college credits. Plus we offer MSN-LINC an MSN Leadership & Management in Health Systems; a Master of Science in Health & Wellness Management (MS HWM); and a BS in Health Information Management & Technology (HIMT). For more information on any of these programs, please visit: http://www.uwgb.edu/nursing/.
Online education will provide you with multiple opportunities to network with classmates yet grant you the autonomy and learning schedule you need. In addition, technical support is only an e-mail or toll-free number away. We are committed to your success and are confident that this will be an exciting learning experience. We look forward to working with you.
Join us in advancing your education and becoming an alumnus of the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay.
Christine Vandenhouten
Chair, Nursing and Health Studies


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Advanced Search
Distance Learning | News
A new online leadership certificate program at University of California Irvine's Extension will use direct assessment rather than classroom hours to measure student success. Strategic Leadership Development is intended for executives, managers and others in team lead roles to develop their leadership qualities.
Rather than working through course activities with a cohort of fellow students, those who pursue this certificate complete projects in five areas:
Each project will involve developing a case study — either one assigned or chosen from the student's own work experiences — and answering essential questions. For each topic students will be given videos, lectures and readings from multiple sources to study on their own. They can interact with other students in the program through online discussion forums. And "mentors" will be available for individual discussion through online office hours.
The certificate is awarded to those who complete all five projects with a grade of C or better. Students must finish their first project within 90 days of enrollment; they'll have up to five years to complete all five. However, noted Tom Pokladowski, director of law & finance programs at UC Irvine Extension, participants will also have the ability to earn a certificate "in as little as one quarter." Calling the program "unique," he added that it was developed "for those who want to learn new leadership skills and those who want credit for demonstrating competency at leadership skills they've already acquired."
The program is open for enrollment now.
A video about the program is available on YouTube.
About the Author
Dian Schaffhauser is a senior contributing editor for 1105 Media's education publications THE Journal and Campus Technology. She can be reached at email@example.com or on Twitter @schaffhauser.
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