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Economics Senior Thesis
and is replicated here as part of the SERC Pedagogic Service.
The department of economics at Elon changed its curriculum in 1995 to require an independent senior thesis for all majors. Since that time, this activity has evolved tremendously. In 2009, we changed the curriculum again to require a 2 semester hour Fall seminar component to go along with the 2 semester hours. of independent research each student completes in the Spring of their senior year.
Learning Goals
In our department of economics, we believe our mission is to produce creative decision makers. Creative decision makers are people who have learned to adapt their expertise to find the best solution when they are faced with new problems.
- They do not simply view problems as a way to apply existing knowledge;
- They are comfortable with the notion of continuous, lifelong learning;
- They are expert learners;
- They have the ability to transfer learning to new diverse contexts;
- They are not locked into one narrowly-defined job, but rather have the capacity to learn a variety of jobs;
- They will be more likely to succeed in whatever their chosen path.
We believe that the best way to develop these abilities is to practice solving real-world, ill-structured problems. And that is precisely what the senior economics experience is all about.
The centerpiece of the economics senior experience is undoubtedly the senior thesis. If you are to succeed in this endeavor, you will need to develop certain Values, Knowledge, and Skills.
Those who manage to make sense of ill-structured problems have what we like to call Adaptive Persistence: "being able to overcome miscalculation and mistakes and take advantage of serendipitous events outside of one's field of vision" (Lilly, Redington and Tiemann 1999)
- Open-minded (willing to look at the problem from different viewpoints);
- Curious (questioning, seeking answers);
- Intellectually honest and brave (confident to take a stand when the evidence is present or change a position when the evidence is not);
- Independent;
- Dogged.
Those who are able to successfully tackle ill-structured problems:
- Display an integrated understanding of economics;
- Use that knowledge to create new knowledge.
The ultimate goal of a capstone course is for students to pull everything they have learned in their economics classes into a year-long project. This project will seek to address a complex economic problem that could not otherwise be properly approached. This is not just another term paper from an upper-level course.
The idea is to encourage students to tackle a problem that is beyond the scope of any other economics course topic. It implies that the solution to the problem is not something that is going to be found in a textbook, or even in researching the existing research. We do not want students to simply replicate or summarize what others have done on the topic (though that is a first step in this learning process). We are looking for students to create a little bit of new knowledge.
Students who are successful at solving ill-structured problems have particular skills.
- The ability to think critically. Critical Thinking is the ability to identify key aspects of an issue and reach a conclusion using appropriate methods and standards of evaluation Thoma (JEE 1993). According to Ennis (1987) it inclues the ability to: (a) focus, identify and formulate the question; (b) identify and formulate appropriate criteria for evaluation; (c) analyze arguments (identify assumptions, structure and conclusions); (d) judge the credibility and appropriateness of sources, literature; (e) use both inductive (data) and deductive reasoning (theory); and (e) draw appropriate inferences.
- The ability to communicate their argument effectively both orally and in their writing. There is an inherent relationship among all of these. The ability to think critically can be displayed in effective reading, writing and speaking. As students practice these skills they are using and honing their ability to reason. Improving writing is the single most effective way to improve our capacity to reason.
- The ability to read carefully and critically.
Context for Use
Teaching Materials
Fall Semester
The purpose of the fall seminar is to:
- introduce the students to the process or research;
- develop a thesis proposal and defend it orally at the end of the semester.
In the process of developing a thesis proposal, students must choose a faculty mentor with whom to work. This mentor will meet several times with the student in the fall and work weekly throughout the spring semester to complete the thesis. Senior Thesis Fall Seminar (Acrobat (PDF) 72kB Sep28 09)
Spring Semester
In the spring semester, students sign up for independent research hours with their mentor. Each faculty member can mentor no more than 3 seniors (currently we have 10 full-time faculty in economics and average 25 graduating seniors a year).
In late April, all seniors make a presentation in a public on-campus forum. In the past we have required 10-15 minute oral presentations, but we are piloting a poster session in 2010.
Teaching Notes and Tips
Fall Semester
Students are enrolled in a 2 sh class in the fall (see above) that provides some structure and lays out the expectations for the year. This is relatively straightforward. The tougher part is working with students in the early statge to find a topic and narrow it into a workable, interesting and testable hypothesis. In these early weeks, students typically talk with multiple faculty to bounce preliminary ideas around. We refuse to commit to working with a student until they have a solid idea. Many students want to "claim" a professor early on, given that we are restricted to a maximum of 3 per year. This provides incentive for students to work hard early on to get a topic narrowed down to the point to which a professor will agree to "sign on" to work with them.
Most of the office meeting in these early stages are more socratic in style. Professors should refrain from giving students the topic or "filling in" to many of the blanks for them. The idea is to guide their research by asking probing, challenging questions to get them to see where they need to go next. The most common student is the one who comes in with an "idea" to "look at the relationship between X and Y." The standard answer is something like, "well, what would micro/macro-economic theory say?" Often you start with "Ok, well what is the market?" Or, "what would the individual's utility function look like?" As our assessment results have demonstrated over the years, these are challenging questions for undergradautes. Their default position is "to run a regression." In my experience, it is absolutely necessary to absolve them of this simplistic notion. While they may be able to find some relevant literature through a simple google-scholar search using this strategy, it will not lead to a high-quality undergraduate thesis.
Spring Semester
Since students are working independently on their thesis, it is important to lay out expectations. For many students, this is the first time they have had such freedom to complete work during a semester. For many, the lack of intermediate deadlines is stressful. The most sucessful studenets work with their mentor to self-impose soft deadlines throughout the semester. Since one of the goals is to teach students to work independently, the faculty are hesitant to impose too much structure on the semester. While weekly meetings are expected, students are allowed to cancel and reschedule meetings as needed. As expected, many students find themselves well-behind after spring break.
Grades are determined by a 3 member thesis grading committee. Details of this process are outlined here. Elon Economics Thesis Grading Rubric (Acrobat (PDF) 380kB Sep25 09).
These theses are also part of our annual assessment of learning. We utilize the ETS field exam to assess the students' content knowledge in the areas of micro, macro, data analysis and international. The senior thesis, however, provides a unique set of metrics for assessing their ability to propsoe solutions to ill-structured problems and integrate their content knowledge throughout the 4-year curriculum.
Using the rubric described above, we summarize students' compentency in the following areas:
- Initial claim
- Backing
- Theory
- Empirical
- Revised Claim
- Overall Writing
The following table shows how we summarize the data in our departmental annual report. This table shows the percentage of seniors whose thesis was rated "competent" by all 3 graders in each of the 6 objective components for a recent year.
- Initial claim: 77%
- Backing: 74%
- Theory: 57%
- Empirical: 86%
- Revised Claim: 68%
- Overall Writing: 67%
Data are used to make goals for the coming year(s). For example, we have conistently rated students relatively low in their ability to use standard economic thoery to construct their argument. However, they are very good at running econometrically appropriate regressions (or other tests) to evaluate their hypothesis. We have used this information to make changes in both the intermediate theory sequences as well as the upper-level electives that build on that knowledge.
References and Resources
Ennis, R. 1985. "a taxonomy of critical thinking dispositions and abilities." In Teaching Thinking skills: Theory and Practice, eds. J.B. Baron and R.J. Sternberg, 7-26. New York: W.H Freeman and Co.
Lilly, Gregory & Thomas Tiemann. 2008. "On the Struggle To Attain Universal Competence in a Complex Skill: The Case of a Senior Capstone Experience," Working Papers 2008-06, Elon University, Department of Economics.
Thoma, G.A. 1993. "The Perry framework and tactics for teaching critical thinking in economics." Journal of Economics Education, 24: 128-36.


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Jaguars to Subarus: The Top 5 of the LA Auto Show
The new mini isn't so mini anymore, while the Colorado is a bit slimmed down. WSJ's Joe White calls out his top five picks from the 2013 Los Angeles Auto Show, where he says the Jaguar F-type is the "best looking new car" on display.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
I ... I ... this year's Los Angeles auto show car makers were showing off the best of what they have to offer ... but if you color stood above the rest of Wall Street Journal's Joe what he gives us his top picks ... general Motors to Colorado midsize pickup is aimed at buyers of smaller trucks ... more fuel efficient way to halt flights are camping here ... not sheets of plywood ... GM is hoping to take some sales away from the leader in this segment Toyotas Tacoma pickup ... what we thought was ... that it is more elastic is all raw don't treat it down ... and that wasn't the case was heard understand was full size truck customers ... they wanted big front bumpers ... large grills ... stack headlamps ... they wanted their trucks to emulate what a semi look like ... midsize truck customers didn't want that they wanted their trucks to be more athletic ... more youthful they wanted a more active lifestyle ... there's a lot of ... carlike fundamentals of the console ... is integrated in to the instrument panel in the shift from the cult so instead of from a column ... It's or carlike attributes that make the driver feel like it's more Athletica's ... and it's more of a car like the left's ... the Subaru WRX is street legal version of the rally racing car has a large all all and isn't that interested in the grandsons of sedans and wagons ... the twenty fifteen WRX of the L a show as two hundred and sixty eight horsepower engine are aimed at young ... male choir ... BMW is a new mini Cooper isn't quite so many anymore it's longer by about four and a half inches and has enough at its base of the front for another suitcase ... but the classic profile remains ... the Porsche McKenna's a small compact sport utility vehicle and is the latest addition to the German sports car brand lineup of SUV's ... the Porsche hits its target of selling fifty thousand the cancer your world wide ... the brand could wind up selling more SUV's ... iconic sports cars like the nine eleven ... the judge for a slight who is the hardtop version of its sleek convertible British went rebrand watched last year ... it was the best looking new car the L a auto show ... on the loans on given the all content of all of the rides ... we A ... prided ourselves in using ... real mantra materials I mean you know let the ... mood of the mass will make some calls to handcrafted ... some of the column you it comes mainly from the eggs opened ... the door ... if you don't take a look at the bottom of the I two Men sits around the exiles on its ... own mobile homes ... Scholes of Africans to Queens is ... actually make the eggs inside for ETF ... I ...

subset: commoncrawl


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- 3 bedroom, Terraced House
- Hendre Road, Ashton, Bristol, BS3 2LP
Friendly, professional and award winning. Our services help thousands of people move every year.
A business with a unique heritage, we combine the resources of a large organisation with the personal touch of an independent business so that you can enjoy the best possible experience.
This property has no virtual tour details.
Are you thinking about buying or renting a property in Southville, Bristol? Situated on the banks of the River Avon, the area is jokingly referred to as "Lower Clifton", in reference to Bristol's most affluent hilltop neighbourhood. The nickname is due to the gentrification of Southville since the 1980s, when people priced out of Clifton began to move to the area.
Today, Southville offers residents bars, restaurants and nationally renowned attractions, while still retaining an artsy neighbourhood vibe and friendly community atmosphere. The area also offers excellent access to both the town centre and Temple Meads Station, making it popular with young professionals.
Read on to find out if Southville could be the perfect area for you.
As previously mentioned, Southville has great access to Bristol Temple Meads, with the station located just 1.3 miles from the area's centre. From here, there are regular trains to all of the UK's major cities, including Bath, with a journey time of 12 minutes, Cardiff, with a journey time of around 50 minutes and London Paddington, with a journey time of one hour 44 minutes.
The area is also well-served by local buses, and it's only around 1.5 miles to Bristol Bus and Coach Station – from there you can travel to most of Bristol's suburbs, as well as most major UK cities.
In recent years, as the area has developed, numerous bars and restaurants have sprung up, particularly along North Street in neighbouring Bedminster. Here you'll find a range of cuisines including Middle Eastern food at Soukitchen, Spanish tapas at El Rincon and Indian dishes at Madras Express. You'll also find the famous Tobacco Factory Theatre, which serves a variety of dishes, with a distinctly Mediterranean feel.
If you want to head out for drinks, there are a range of bars and pubs to choose from, including The Spotted Cow (which also serves great British pub food), Lounge and The Hare.
Alternatively, it's only around a mile to Bristol's Harbourside and adjacent Park Street, arguably at the centre of the city's night life and restaurant scene. Popular eateries include; The Stable, which serves some of the best pizza and cider Bristol has to offer, Tikka Flame, which serves delicious Indian cuisine and Jamie's Italian, which is located on Park Street.
There is also a huge range of popular bars including No1 Harbourside, which has live music in the evenings, Pitcher & Piano and budget options, such as Weatherspoon's.
There's plenty of choice for residents of Southville who want to keep fit. Gyms include Workout Bristol, which has a cardio area, weights and sports conditioning equipment, as well as a steam room, sauna and fitness classes.
There's also the Bristol Kettlebell Club, which offers training sessions including beginner classes and personal training, Bristol South Swimming Pool in neighbouring Bedminster, and The Southville Centre, which holds classes, including Tai-Chi and yoga.
If the sun is shining in Southville, there are a number of open spaces where you can enjoy the sunshine. Greville Smyth Park is a popular park with lots of green open space and a children's play area.
There's also the larger Victoria Park in Bedminster, which is home to Victoria Park Tennis Club and Victoria Park Bowling Club, as well as facilities including a café and a play area. In Totterdown, (the opposite side of Bedminster to Southville) there's also Perrett Park, which has spectacular views across the city.
If the heavens open, the Southville area offers a number of indoor attractions, including the previously mentioned Tobacco Factory Theatre, which hosts theatre performances, live events, exhibitions and live music.
You can also head to Cabot Circus in central Bristol, which has a range of shops, including Urban Outfitters and House of Fraser, restaurants such as TGIs and Nandos, and a Showcase Cinema.
If you're hoping for a budget day out, entry to Bristol Museum & Art Gallery in Clifton is free, although you do have to pay to enter some exhibitions.
Alternatively, beautiful Bath is just a 12 minute train journey from Bristol Temple Meads and is home to world-class historic attractions, such as The Roman Baths, as well as all the major high street shops.
There are a number of large supermarkets in Southville, including an Asda, Aldi and Co-operative. Also, there are many smaller shops, including a Tesco Express and local fruit and veg grocers, butchers and bakeries.
In terms of retail shopping, there's a number stores in Southville and Bedminster, including a Boots, Superdrug and Wilko.
Aside from fitness classes, The Southville Centre offers a toddler group and a Monday club for older people, whilst The Hare pub hosts a range of events including weekly quiz nights and regular beer and cider festivals.
In Bedminster, there's The Southbank Club, a social club, arts venue and live music club. The venue also hosts a number of classes, including salsa and ballet.
There are a number of doctor's surgeries in the local area, including Southville Surgery, which has cared for the health needs of residents since the 1900s. There are also a number of dental surgeries, including Coronation Road Dental Surgery.
Although there is no library in Southville itself, Bedminster Library offers free use of computers with email and internet access, as well as a wide range of literature for adults and children.
Traffic can become congested along the main stretches of North Road and Raleigh Road. However, the good access to the city centre, M32 and Bath Road is helpful for commuters.
In terms of parking, most spaces are on-street and there is a Residents' Parking Scheme, which operates between 9am and 5pm, Monday-Friday. Bedminster Car Park is a paid carpark, which is open 24 hours a day and has 170 spaces.
Residents of Southville have access to a number of good primary and secondary schools. For primary schools, there's Ashton Gate Primary School, which is rated as 'Outstanding' by OFSTED and Southville Primary School, which is rated as 'Good' by OFSTED.
A popular secondary school in the surrounding area is St Mary Redcliffe and Temple School, which is rated as 'Outstanding' by OFSTED.
To find out more about buying or renting a property in Southville, call or visit the local Andrews branch.
Parson Street
Bristol Temple Meads
Clifton Down
Bristol Industrial Museum
Bristol Exploratory Museum
Georgian House Museum The
Bristol City Museum & Art Gallery
Clifton Observatory & Camera Obscura
Bedminster Down School Donald Road, Bristol BS13 7DQ
St Mary Redcliffe and Temple School Somerset Square, Bristol BS1 6RT
Clifton High School College Road, Bristol BS8 3JD
Bristol Grammar School University Road, Bristol BS8 1SR
Cotham School Cotham Lawn Road, Bristol BS6 6DT
Luckwell Primary School Luckwell Road, Bristol BS3 3ET
Ashton Vale Primary School Avebury Road, Bristol BS3 2QG
Ashton Gate Primary School Ashton Gate Road, Bristol BS3 1SZ
Compass Point: South Street School and Children's Centre South Street, Bristol BS3 3AU
Parson Street Primary School Bedminster Road, Bristol BS3 5NR
Ashton Vale Pre School Ashton Vale Church, Bristol BS3 2QY
St Francis Pre School St Francis Church Hall, Bristol BS3 2AN
First Steps Community Day Nursery Southville Centre, Bristol BS3 1QG
Coronation Road Day Nursery 141 Coronation Road, Bristol BS3 1RE
Magic Roundabout Nursery 141 Coronation Road, Bristol BS3 1RE
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Category : Essay.
Topic : 50 essays learning to read and write answers. Author : Jeanay Haley.
Posted : Sun, Jul 28th 2019 04:06 AM.
Format : jpg/jpeg.
An essay is thus, a literary initiative to describe and comprehend a situation, to the best ability of the author. Writing a meaningful and strong essay has been one of the most intriguing mysteries of the academic world.


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Cryogenic temperature sensors
S950 Silicon diodes and Platinum RTDs from CryoCon
The choice of the right temperature sensor is essential for an accurate and realistic determination of low temperatures. For this purpose, the following sensors are commonly used:
|Compatible with CryoCon's temperature monitors and controllers as well as other equipment on the market
|Temperature range from 1.4 K to 400 K for silicon S950 diodes
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Silicon diodes of the S950 series are the best choice for universal cryogenic use between 1.4 K and 400 K. The sensors are interchangeable (they follow a standard curve) and are available in robust mounting packages of different designs. They are simple, inexpensive and are used in a variety of cryogenic applications, such as cryocoolers, laboratory cryogenic technology, cryogenic gas production and space satellites.
Platinum RTDs (resistance temperature detectors) are an industry standard and are also used by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) from 14 K to 1235 K. They follow an industry standard curve up to 30 K with good sensitivity over the entire bandwidth. At lower temperatures, the RTDs must be individually calibrated. Due to their high reproducibility, they are used in many precision measurements. Platinum RTDs have different designs, are inexpensive, and require only simple instrumentation. They are widely used in applications with liquid nitrogen or with higher temperatures.
Ruthenium oxide RTDs can be used up to below 50 mK. Unique advantages are the low magnetoresistance and a standard curve. Their upper temperature limit is 40 K. Ruthenium oxide sensors are used for applications requiring a standard curve in magnetic fields, such as MRI systems. Beside germanium, they are the only cryogenic temperature sensors that can be used under 100 mK.


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Landlord's Lien
The Texas Property Code, §54.041 – §54.048, defines the procedures for a contractual landlord's lien. This brochure explains a landlord's lien, identifies property that can be seized, and describes the steps a landlord must follow to seize the property. It also explains what a tenant must do to recover property once it has been seized. Finally, it explains a tenant's recourse for an unlawful seizure of property.
What Is a Landlord's Lien?
Texas law gives a landlord a lien on a tenant's non-exempt property for unpaid rent that is due. If a tenant is behind on rent and a written lease gives the landlord permission to exercise this lien on the tenant's property, the landlord may enter the rental unit and take non-exempt property to secure payment of the delinquent rent. The clause giving the landlord permission must be underlined or printed in conspicuous bold print to be enforceable. The property must be in either the tenant's residence or in a storage room for a landlord to seize the property. A storage room includes an attached garage or a shed.
The landlord of an apartment complex that receives housing tax credits is prohibited from seizing or threatening to seize a tenant's property except by judicial process unless the tenant has abandoned the premises.
Any provision in the lease that purports to waive or diminish a right, liability, or exemption of a lien is void. In other words, a section of your lease that tries to give up or lessen a right, liability, or exemption of a lien is not valid.
If the lease gives the landlord a lien on the tenant's property and authorizes the landlord to seize property for unpaid rent, the landlord may only seize the tenant's property if it can be accomplished without a breach of the peace. In other words, a tenant does not have to permit a landlord to enter the tenant's house or apartment. A landlord cannot use force in an attempt to seize the tenant's property. A landlord can, however, return when the tenant is not at home and seize the property at that time. Of course, most landlords will enter the tenant's unit and seize property only when the tenant is absent.
When a landlord seizes property, the landlord must leave a written notice of entry and an itemized list of all the items removed.
- The notice and list must be left in a conspicuous place within the dwelling.
- The notice must state the amount of delinquent rent and the name, address, and telephone number of the person the tenant may contact regarding the amount owed.
- The notice must also state that the property will be promptly returned on full payment of the delinquent rent.
Unless authorized in a written lease, the landlord is not entitled to collect a charge for packing, removing, or storing seized property.
A landlord may also seize property if the tenant has abandoned the unit. See the section on Abandonment.
What a Landlord CANNOT Seize
The following is a list of items that a landlord cannot seize, known as exempt property.
- Wearing apparel — includes clothes and jewelry, such as rings or watches;
- Tools, apparatus, and books of a trade or profession;
- School books;
- A family library;
- Family portraits and pictures;
- One couch, two living room chairs, and a dining table and chairs;
- Beds and bedding — includes not only the bed, but also the sheets, pillows, and blankets;
- Kitchen furniture and utensils — includes all the kitchen appliances, pots, pans, skillets, toasters, microwaves, food processors, and coffee makers;
- Food and foodstuffs;
- Medicine and medical supplies;
- One automobile and one truck — this does not cover motorcycles, bicycles, or a second vehicle;
- Agricultural implements;
- Children's toys not commonly used by adults — includes dolls and small bicycles;
- Goods that the landlord or the landlord's agent knows are owned by a person other than the tenant or an occupant of the residence; and
- Goods that the landlord or the landlord's agent knows are subject to a recorded chattel mortgage or financing agreement.
The exemption list applies to all property seized under a landlord's lien. That is, a landlord may not seize and hold exempt property for delinquent rent.
What Can a Landlord Seize?
The following is a list of property that a landlord can seize, known as non-exempt property. Remember that these items must be found inside the residence or in a storage room at the time of seizure.
There are some items — even if they are listed on the "non-exempt" list — that a landlord cannot seize. These are items used for a tenant's profession. Some examples include books, tools, computers, musical instruments, and sporting equipment. Whether a particular item can be seized is often based on the tenant's profession at the time of the lien. Many times, the tenant's trade or profession is listed on the rental application.
Some examples of non-exempt property include, but are not limited to:
- Televisions, stereos, CD players, and VCRs;
- Records, audiotapes, CDs, and VCR tapes;
- Answering machines, telephones, sewing machines, and calculators;
- Books and paintings;
- All furniture — except for one couch, two living room chairs, dining table and chairs, kitchen furniture, and beds;
- Personal computers, printers, and typewriters;
- Musical instruments, cameras, radios, and clocks; and
- All sports equipment — includes tennis rackets, fishing equipment, guns, water skis, bicycles, exercise equipment, golf clubs, softball equipment, archery equipment, underwater gear, motorcycles, and boats.
Since the Texas Property Code does not define abandonment, it is up to either the individual lease or a judge to define it. It is important for a landlord to act carefully when declaring abandonment, especially if the lease does not define it. If nothing exists in the lease about abandonment and the landlord removes all of the tenant's property, a court could consider it to be an illegal eviction in violation of the tenant's rights. This, of course, would be judged on a case-by-case basis.
Abandonment is defined under the TAA lease as when:
- Everybody appears to have moved out in the landlord's reasonable judgment;
- Clothes, furniture, and personal belongings have been substantially removed from the dwelling; and
- No one has been in the dwelling for five consecutive days while the rent is due and unpaid.
A dwelling is abandoned 10 days after the death of a sole resident.
The TAA lease continues: abandonment ends the tenant's right of possession for all purposes and gives the landlord the immediate right to clean up; make repairs; relet the dwelling; determine any security deposit deductions; and remove property left in the dwelling. See also ATC's Security Deposit Law brochure.
NOTE: This is only the definition of abandonment from the TAA lease; other leases may have different definitions. A landlord must abide by the terms of the lease signed with the tenant.
The Tenant May Recover His Property
The tenant can recover property any time before it is sold by paying all of the delinquent rent that is owed, and, if authorized in a written lease, all reasonable packing, moving, storage, and sale costs.
If the landlord seizes a tenant's property and then files suit for unpaid rent, a tenant still has an opportunity to recover personal property that was lawfully taken. If the tenant disputes the amount that is owed to the landlord and the property has yet to be claimed or sold, the tenant can recover it any time before a judgment has been rendered. To do so, the tenant must post a bond in an amount approved by the court, payable to the landlord, with the condition that if the landlord wins the suit, the amount of the judgment and any costs assessed against the tenant will be paid from the bond and any remainder given back to the tenant.
The above information only applies to property that is lawfully seized. If the tenant's property is improperly seized, it can be recovered without paying the landlord any money or posting a bond. See the section What if the Landlord Violates the Law?
Sale of Property
A landlord can try to sell the seized items to recover the money that is owed by the tenant. A landlord can sell the seized property only if it is authorized in a written lease. The landlord must give the tenant a notice at least 30 days before the sale. It must be sent by both first class and certified mail, return receipt requested to the tenant's last known address. The notice must contain:
- The date, time, and place of the sale;
- An itemized account of the amount owed by the tenant to the landlord; and
- The name, address, and telephone number of the person the tenant may contact regarding the sale, the amount owed, and the right of the tenant to redeem the property.
If the tenant cannot or does not pay the rent that is owed, then the landlord may sell the property to the highest cash bidder.
Proceeds from the sale must first be applied to delinquent rent and, if authorized in a written lease, reasonable packing, moving, storage, and sale costs. Any money that is left over must be mailed to the tenant, to the last known address, no later than 30 days after the sale.
If the tenant wishes to see a written account of the proceeds, a written request must be sent to the landlord. This request should be sent by certified mail. The landlord then has 30 days to provide an accounting to the tenant.
What if the Landlord Violates the Law?
If the landlord willfully violates the law when seizing property pursuant to a lien, the tenant is entitled to:
- Actual damages;
- Return of any property seized that has not been sold;
- Return of the proceeds of any sale of seized property;
- One month's rent or $500, whichever is greater, less any amount for which the tenant is liable; and
- Reasonable attorney's fees.
To show that the landlord is willfully violating the law, the tenant should deliver a written demand to the landlord for the return of the property along with a statement of why it was improperly seized. If the landlord does not return the property immediately, the tenant may pursue legal remedies including an order from the justice of the peace to return the property. Anyone in this situation should contact the Austin Tenants' Council or an attorney.
The Austin Tenants' Council has a form entitled Unlawful Seizure of Property, that a tenant can send to the landlord before taking legal action. It explains how the landlord violated the law and demands immediate resolution.
The information in this brochure is a summary of the subject and other pertinent matters. It should not be considered conclusive or a substitute for legal advice. Unique facts can render broad statements inapplicable. Anyone needing legal assistance should contact an attorney.
The Telephone Counseling Line provides education and information regarding residential tenant-landlord disputes. Lines are busy, and callers are encouraged to keep trying. Please call us at 512-474-1961.
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X is for Xiphosura archival print
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With Sig's transfer saga not showing any signs of being resolved and Barkley looking like he won't be fit by the start of the season I wonder if Koeman might be forced into giving Dowell a go, at least until January. If he keeps looking threatening he won't be doing himself any harm whatsoever.
Really interesting player, does seem to have a knack for the spectacular.
Could be our next McFadden!
I only caught about twenty minutes of the second half and he made a couple of poor passes. For anyone who's seen him play a lot, is his general play up to standard? There's no doubting he can shoot.
He just explodes into quality. Yeah! not enough to be the 'next thing'. But when he does, it's more than normal. If he keeps on doing it? Well! He's the next thing. I llke him. He looks good.
Looks ideal for the left side in front of Baines.
Looks like he'd be much more comfortable cutting in to shoot from the right. Would also limit exposure to a lack of pace as he wouldn't have to go down the outside as often plus easier to play a reverse ball to an overlapping RB using his left foot rather than the opposite on the other side.
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How Mushrooms Eat Oil
1. Mushrooms will eat anything
Fungi are the primary decomposers in most environments. They have developed many unique tools for breaking down hydrocarbons and other organic chemicals. Scientists have identified more than 120 enzymes in the tissues of mushroom-forming fungi.
2. It's the enzymes
These enzymes can break down toxic chemicals, including the cancer-causing hydrocarbons found in oil.
3. It happens underground
Hydrocarbons with lower molecular weights are easier for the mycelium—the underground part of the fungus— to digest than those with heavier ones. However, the mycelium gradually breaks heavier hydrocarbons into lighter-weight compounds less harmful to people and the environment. With repeated fungal treatments, even the nastiest oil toxins can be rendered nontoxic.
4. Add some compost
Oyster mushroom mycelia break down hydrocarbons much more effectively when mixed with wood chips and compost than they do on their own. Researchers found one strain of oil-eating oyster mushrooms that thrives in saltwater environments. The mycelium fully colonizes straw soaked with sea water.
5. Local mushrooms
Native mushroom species are best adapted to local conditions and therefore do the best job of cleaning up toxic messes. The timing of plantings also depends on local conditions.
6. Healthy soil
In one test, researchers inoculated diesel-contaminated soil with oyster mushrooms and found that they reduced the concentration of toxic hydrocarbons from a dangerous 10,000 parts per million to just 200 parts per million over a 16-week period. The remediated soil was so clean that regulators approved it for use in landscaping along highways.
This article was written by YES! Magazine staff for the Fall 2010 issue, . Interested?


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Scott Elder necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 75 diseños de 26 diseñadores freelance.
Dream Cars Credit
We are a fast growing used car dealership in Austin Texas. We specialize in selling affordable luxury and import cars for around $15,000. We offer guaranteed credit approval and cater to customers with past credit issues. Our mission is to put our customers in a reliable nice car while helping them rebuild or reestablish their credit. Our website is http://www.dreamcarscredit.com. We have a new slogan "Everybody Rides" at Dream Cars Credit. We are also launching a program called "Worry Free Car Buying" where we will be offering some specific warranties and Guarantees.
Our target customers are typically 22-40 years old with minimal credit or some credit issues. They are very internet saavy and have a job making $2,000 to $4,000 per month. They need help with financing and are interested in getting a warranty with their car purchase. They are interested in their image and would rather come to us to purchase a nice 5 yr old BMW verses a 1-2 year old Ford Taurus with lower miles. We sell a higher image vehicle at a finance-able price point $10,000 to $15,000 USD.
I would like the name to be clearly read as "Dream Cars Credit" in the Logo
Some reference in the logo to money or cash or financing
Possibly some inclusion of a high line or luxury car image or picture
Not too cartoonish
Just be creative!
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Salamatsyngby and welcome to Bishkek! As the capital city and economic center of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek is where the vast majority of the country's relatively small expat community chooses to make their home. If you're planning to become one of them, InterNations can help you to get on your feet by offering a range of useful resources, plus connections to our network of expatriates living and working in the city. Simply join InterNations to access first-hand insights and the answers to a wide variety of questions about life in this distinctive Central Asian city — such as which districts offer the best-value property, the etiquette of buying and renting, and how to navigate Bishkek bureaucracy when securing a work visa or attempting to set up a business. We hope you will also take the time to share your own experiences of life in the city with your fellow members. A somewhat austere Soviet-style city set against the majestic backdrop of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too mountain range, Bishkek is a striking and multi-faceted location. Whether you're looking for a unique Central Asian adventure or business opportunities in this still largely-untapped region, this city offers a rich tapestry of experiences and opportunities just waiting to be discovered.
With InterNations, you never stand alone. Whether you move to another city or go on a business trip somewhere — our communities are there to make you feel at home wherever you are in the world. Feel free to also check out our other vibrant InterNations Communities like the ones in Hanoi or Chennai.
Attend our monthly events and activities for Bishkek expatriates to get to know like-minded expatriates in real life.
Get trustworthy advice and local insights from fellow members in our Bishkek expat forums.
Situated to the far north of Kyrgyzstan, close to the border with neighboring Kazakhstan and surrounded by the Tian Shan mountain range, Bishkek is a relatively young but fascinating city, combining wide boulevards and lush green spaces with Soviet-era neo-brutalist architecture. As the country's largest and most well-connected city, Bishkek has emerged as a major business capital of the Central Asian region. Expats are generally attracted to opportunities in the mining and development sectors, with others traveling to the city to do volunteer work or teach English. The city can offer some challenges — language and cultural barriers are likely to be an issue if you speak no Kyrgyz or Russian, and although relatively secular and liberal by the standards of the region, visitors from the west may still find the culture rather conservative. However, Bishkek does also offer a generally friendly and welcoming populace, a low cost of living and a surprisingly lively nightclub scene — meaning there's plenty to enjoy if you're looking for new experiences in an oft-overlooked corner of the world.
InterNations is the largest global network for expatriates, with communities in 420 cities across the globe. Get to know fellow internationals in your city, before you're moving, or when traveling somewhere and never feel like a stranger. InterNations makes it easy for you to stay in touch with your expat friends, both online and offline, so you can grow your network of friends and contacts from all over the world. Whether they live in Utrecht or New York, InterNations allows you to be close to them even if they are miles away.
With a relatively small expat community and a culture that may take some time to get used to, strong connections in Bishkek are worth their weight in gold. When you join InterNations, it's easy to find like-minded expatriates willing to share advice and insights into life in the city. We ask all of our members to abide by our guiding principles of good etiquette, honesty and respect, meaning you can ask any questions you might have in a secure and welcoming environment. You may be looking for a native speaker to help you deal with the paperwork required to set up a business or buy a property, or advice on enrolling your children in an international school. Alternatively you may be looking for social connections such as a fellow expat flatmate, a hiking group or a local sports team. Whatever you're looking for, InterNations can help you to find the right people. Why not get started by attending one of our regular networking events in Bishkek? Simply join and have a look at our events calendar to find out the details of our next get-togethers. Or feel free to create your own interest-based group on InterNations and get-together with fellow members who share your hobbies.


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K. Guillard necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 124 diseños de 42 diseñadores freelance.
K. Guillard – Custom Apparel for Every Unique Woman is a lifestyle clothing company that provides women with the ability to purchase high-quality, custom-fitting, and fashionable apparel in a convenient shopping experience. We are looking for a fresh new logo that fits our brand image.
K. Guillard
K. Guillard – custom apparel for every unique woman provides women with the ability to purchase high-quality, custom fitting apparel in a convient shopping experience. Using three dimensional body scanningtechnology, we customize every piece of clothing to perfectly fit eachexceptional woman. The process isextremely convenient and focused on the individuals needs and desires. With the K. Guillardbrand, she no longer needs to worry about the hassle and frustrations ofshopping for new clothes. We believe every woman deserves clothing the flatters her figure and makes her feel like the beautiful and confident woman she is! Our target customer is 35-60 and we focus on professional attire.
We are looking for a fresh new logo that will elevate the K. Guillard brand. We are looking for a logo with a high-end and high-fashion feel that inspires women of their own unique beauty and confidence!
- K. Guillard name we evision to be in a script font
- Tagline of "custom clothing for every unique woman" is optional and we are open to other taglines if they fit our brand image
- Our current logo has an avatar of a woman in a suit, even though we use avatars for each of our clients, this is not necessary, but an option for the logo
- High-end and special feel
- Couture fashion
- Elegant
- Inspires women of their unique beauty and confidence!
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Grand Silk Stationery Box - Brown G2
Grand Silk Stationery Box - Brown G2
Tweeted as, "the best wedding gift out there" by Martha Stewart Weddings, our Grand Silk Stationery Box is a must have for every home. Whether it's for a newlywed couple, a house-warming for a family or an addition to your own desk, you're going to love personalizing this beautifully letterpressed stationery box set.
Each box comes with 4 sets of 25 pieces of custom printed, 1-color letterpress stationery for a total of 100 notes per box. Return address is additionally available in both flat printing and letterpress. Envelope liners are optional.
Please place your order below by selecting whether or not you'd like a return address and/or envelope liners and once you've added the item to your cart, you'll be prompted to enter your personalization for the stationery.
You'll receive a color digital proof within 24 business hours that you will need to approve and then we'll move forward into production. Your order will ship within 10-14 business days from final proof approval. Need this item sooner? Please contact us for rush availability and fees.
In the meantime, if you have any questions, please feel free to call a member of our team at 251-209-3265


text: For every top-flight prospect apprenticing in the minors after receiving a multi-million dollar signing bonus, hundreds of players are drafted every year and get $1,000, tops. Salaries start at $1,100 a month, and the checks only come for half a year. As Lily Rothman says over at Slate, most of these players are "stuck with the sports world equivalent of an unpaid internship." Go read the story. It's a little like opening a time capsule from the days before they blew up the reserve clause. [Slate]


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- Product Type: Bed Linen, Duvet Sets
- Colours: Black
- Usually Delivered in: 24-48 Hours
- Width: 135cm
- Length: 200cm
- Material: Poly-cotton
Technical Information
- 100% Polyester, Reverse: 50% Polyester, 50% Cotton
*Free of Charge Delivery - If your delivery address is within UK Mainland then we ship your order to you free of charge on our 2-3 day delivery service, with exclusions: highlands, islands and Ireland. If you place your order before2pm, we will do our very best to get your order out the same day. Bulbs are subject to a small delivery charge if purchased on their own and total under £16.


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The Libyan lawyer representing a Bulgarian doctor and five Bulgarian nurses accused of contaminating Libyan children with the AIDS virus, denied Thursday telling a Bulgarian paper that confessions had been obtained by force.
"I did not see any marks of torture on the accused," Othman al-Bizanti told AFP.
"I deny the remarks attributed to me by the Sega newspaper. I simply repeated what I heard the translator say that the confessions of the accused were obtained by force," he said.
Wednesday's edition of Sega quoted Bizanti as saying confessions had been forced from two of the defendants "by physical and psychological pressure."
The six Bulgarians are on trial accused of deliberately infecting 390 children in the pediatric hospital where they worked in the northern Libyan city of Benghazi.
They are also charged with premeditated homicide, "activities which led to a massacre designed to sap Libya's strength" and "a violation of the Islamic way of life," according to the Bulgarian foreign ministry.
Eight Libyan hospital administrators from Benghazi, and another Arab, face the same charges, the ministry said, although officials in Tripoli said no Libyans were involved.
All the accused face the death penalty if convicted.
The trial opened on February 7, and has already been adjourned three times. Bizanti confirmed that the next hearing is scheduled for June 4 - (AFP)
© 2000 Al Bawaba (www.albawaba.com)


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[Intro: Nas]
"You want to get it, but you ain't gon' do nothing but sitting there
You gotta get up, you know what I'm saying?
And get yours cause it's yours, you know what I mean?"
[Verse 1: Elzhi]
I'm going Rambo, fam dough is moving pretty damn slow
The blam blam turned the Trans Am into a Lambo
Scram yo, my Soul Calibur is like Namco
I dance on track but these niggas is Sambo
Get your shit split you nitwit
Your pussy as a slick clit
When labels dick you to make the shit fit
Command this skill invincible like the Man of Steel
My killer's got your gorilla slippin' on banana peels
I'm extraordinary, I know your ex, shorty
Extra with the head, but the sex ordinary
Check the technician, neck glisten
I'm on to catch wreck mission
To rock, you shocked like the electrician
Without correct vision you can't see me
I cock the Glock and shoot it through your TV like it's easy (say what?)
As if I seen you make a sudden move like a Ouija (say what?)
Board, I can't record, making cheese looking cheesy
Fuck that shit
Whose world is this? "It's yours"
It's mine, it's mine, it's mine
Whose world is this? (The world is yours, the world is yours)
It's mine, it's mine, it's mine
Whose world is this? "It's yours"
It's mine, it's mine, it's mine
Whose world is this? (The world is yours, the world is yours)
It's mine, it's mine, it's mine
Whose world is this?
[Verse 2]
Yo, to my man J Dilla, God bless your life
To my nigga Big Proof, God bless your life
Yeah I'm the champion, signing both breasts on a trampy blonde
Eating shrimp scampi and I left your whole camp behind
Cause in the grand scheme I see your plan scheme
Off-brand team, full of jerk-offs minus the hand-cream
That's why I struck while the iron ran steam
With a maneuver smoother than the Iron Man theme song
We battled, you won, but you just wasn't in your dream long
I gleam strong like I'm using my high-beams wrong
Riding in the Rover, spit the poison that's hiding in the cobra
Take your spot and slide a nigga over
I'm murdering some serve, that's word
Heard I was a herb? Then you got your facts blurred, it's the ruler
Who sparkles like a jeweler holding moulah
I know I seem cooler, but I'm cold-blooded, didn't mean to fool ya
[Verse 3]
Check it, I'm past nice, floss jewels, flash ice
Hit the grass twice and get higher than the gas price
Ass-slice, cock sucker, block ducker, money in the sock tucker
You watch the block, I watch the stocks, fucker - major difference
Been deranged since the age of infants, I'm danger
Hit you from long-range at distance, it's stranger than fiction
When my affliction pierce through your thick skin
I'm spitting iller rhymes, rough as gorilla palms
You soft as chinchillas, your album's got a bunch of fillers
My mind's monumental, my pen is penetration
That produce words that bleed on the pad like menstruation
Yeah, my name holds weight, tipping scales
These clips and shells make dudes strips like Chippendales
You're all wack, should fall back like you slipped and fell


text:
Another source agrees the name was of French origin but was derived from "a flat-bottomed boat used to load and unload ships, the surname being applied to the crew members." [1]CITATION[CLOSE]
Smith, Eldson Coles, New Dictionary of American Family Names New York, Harper & Row, 1956. Print
And yet another source claims that the name could have been "local-the last syllable being a corruption of Hope-Galhope." [2]CITATION[CLOSE]
Lowe, Mark Anthony, Patronymica Britannica, A Dictionary of Family Names of the United Kingdom. London: John Russel Smith, 1860. Print. This latter simplistic entry essentially means that the 19th century author proposes that the name could have been a local name from "Hope-Galhope," a place that we cannot find today.
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RAEFORD, N.C. — A man who beat a teacher inside a North Carolina elementary school after asking about a former employee has been arrested, authorities said.
Michael Lee Nivens is charged with attempted first-degree murder and robbery with a dangerous weapon in the attack after school Monday that left the teacher in the hospital, Hoke County Sheriff Hubert Peterkin said.
Nivens was arrested in neighbouring Robeson County, but the sheriff did not give additional details.
Nivens entered West Hoke Elementary School near Raeford around 5:45 p.m. Monday through a door that was left unlocked for parents who pick up children from an after-school care program, Peterkin said.
The children were in a different part of the school and did not see the beating, the sheriff said.
Nivens hit the teacher in the head, face and hands with a metal object after asking about a former employee Peterkin said in a statement.
"He did not know the teacher," sheriff's Capt. John Kivett told The Associated Press on Thursday. "It was an act of random violence."
The teacher was taken to the hospital and is recovering, said Peterkin, who would not identify the teacher or the employee who Nivens was looking for.
The sheriff's statement also did not say if Nivens had a lawyer.
Extra officers monitored the school after the attack, Peterkin said.
Nivens was also wanted on a number of charges unrelated to the attack on the teacher, including first-degree rape and larcenies at several churches.


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Missouri University of Science & Technology
An agreement between Missouri University of Science & Technology and the Eastern Iowa Community Colleges provides for the following:
- EICC students are encouraged to complete an associate's degree before transferring.
- Admission to Missouri S & T as a transfer student requires a minimum GPA of 2.0.
- EICC students are guaranteed that Missouri
S & T will accept all college level EICC credits to be applied to the Bachelor of Arts/Science degree according to degree requirements.
- The EICC grade replacement policy for repeated courses will be honored at Missouri
S & T for up to a maximum of 15 credit hours.
Missouri S & T maintains an Engineering Transfer Guide for EICC students.
Through a Transfer Assistance Program Missouri S & T can provide advice and assistance to you while you work with your community college advisor and complete your associates degree. Application to the program is free and available online.
This page links to PDF files. Use this link to download Adobe Reader if needed.
Missouri University Website
EICC Contact:
Dr. Bhaswati Gangopadhyay
Instructor, Physics
Scott Community College
500 Belmont Road
Bettendorf, IA 52722
Missouri S & T Transfer Admissions:
Office of Admissions
106 Parker Hall
300 W 13th Street
Rolla, MO 65409-1060
1-573-341-4082 fax


text:
NASCAR's Regan Smith, in No. 78 jersey, tosses first pitch before Rockies-Phillies game
NASCAR's Regan Smith, who races for Denver-based Furniture Row Racing, earned his second-best career finish Saturday at the Brickyard 400 at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. He crossed the finish line in third after conserving fuel during his final 33-lap, green-flag run. He started 27th.
The key moment for Smith came on lap 121 when pieces of infield grass covered his radiator grille as he avoided Landon Cassill's spinning car. The incident, which brought out a caution, forced Smith to come down pit road twice to clean off the grille. On the final stop, the No. 78 crew topped off the fuel tank.
Before this season, Smith had never before scored a top-10 in NASCAR's top series, but now has them in the Daytona 500, the Southern 500 (which he won at Darlington), the Coca-Cola 600 and the Brickyard 400.
And on Wednesday in Denver, Smith threw out the first pitch before the Rockies hosted Roy Halladay and the Phillies at Coors Field:


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15 Jan 2013 13:04
An average annual increase of 13% was intended to meet Eskom's needs over five years, plus 3% to introduce new independent power producers – a total of 16% a year. (Gallo)
If electricity was sold at the "right price", it would be used more efficiently, so less would have to be invested in new generating capacity, Eskom chief executive Brian Dames and chief financial officer Paul O'Flaherty said in a joint presentation at public hearings called by Nersa on Tuesday.
The energy regulator is currently holding public hearings on Eskom's proposed revenue application multi-year price determination 2013/14, otherwise known as MYPD3.
Eskom has asked for a 16% increase in electricity prices each year for the next five years. This would take the price of electricity from 61 cents a kilowatt hour in 2012/13 to 128 cents a kWh in 2017/18 – more than doubling the price over five years.
The current multi-year price determination, MYPD2, ends on March 31 2013.
In contrast to the MYPD1 and MYPD2, which both spanned three years, Eskom is now proposing a five-year determination for MYPD3 to ensure a predictable, longer-term price structure.
An average annual increase of 13% was intended to meet Eskom's needs over five years, plus 3% to introduce new independent power producers – a total of 16% a year.
The application was based on new capacity which Eskom was committed to build, up to the substantial completion of Kusile power station project. "We have included a long-term price path to implement new capacity beyond Kusile, but this is not included in our revenue requirement for the five years," they said. Including new capacity build beyond Kusile would raise this to 20% a year over MYPD3.
A stable and secure supply of electricity was essential to support economic growth and development, now and into the future. Tariffs were the fairest and most efficient way to pay for electricity and ensure the industry invested in the infrastructure needed to deliver the electricity required.
Prices had to cover the full cost of producing electricity from existing and new assets – ensuring Eskom and the electricity industry were financially sustainable. This had to be balanced with the impact of tariffs on the economy and poor households. Eskom had looked hard at its costs and committed to R30-billion in savings in operating costs over the five years.
Current electricity prices did not cover the full costs of supplying electricity, and the application continued the move to cost-reflective tariffs. "We recognise the impact of tariff increases on the economy and households, especially small business and the poor." The application sought the right balance for the country – a five-year price path to smooth the impact and provide certainty.
Protection for the poor
Eskom's proposal simplified residential tariffs for Eskom customers and protected the poor with lower than average increases. If approved by Nersa, the inclining block rate tariff (IBT) would be removed for the majority of customers and specifically for the poor. Homelight 20A customers (a tariff for prepaid customers who used very little electricity) would be charged the same rate, irrespective of usage.
Homelight 60A customers (for prepaid customers with low to medium usage of electricity) would be charged at only two different block rates, instead of the current four block rates in IBT. Homepower customers (high users of electricity) who received a monthly bill would pay a tariff with a fixed charge rate for networks, plus a single energy rate for energy.
Poor customers would continue to receive Free Basic Electricity (FBE) of 50kWh per household per month. "We propose protection for the poor, through a tariff structure with transparent cross-subsidies. "Economic policy should set out protection for specific economic sectors," they said. – Sapa
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text:
Written by: Lennon-McCartney
Recorded: 3, 4, 8 February 1968
Producer: George Martin
Engineers: Martin Benge, Ken Scott, Peter Bown
Released: 12 December 1969
John Lennon: vocals, backing vocals, acoustic rhythm guitar, organ
Paul McCartney: backing vocals, acoustic guitar, piano
George Harrison: backing vocals, electric guitar, tambura, maracas
Ringo Starr: drums, percussion, svaramandal
George Martin: Hammond organ
Lizzie Bravo: backing vocals
Gayleen Pease: backing vocals
Uncredited: 18 violins, four violas, four cellos, harp, three trumpets, three trombones, two guitarists, 14 choristers
Available on:
Let It Be
Past Masters
Anthology 2
Let It Be... Naked
Although best known as a track on 1970's Let It Be album, Across The Universe was recorded in early 1968 and first released on a World Wildlife Fund album the following year.
It was John Lennon's first composition to be recorded by The Beatles since I Am The Walrus five months earlier. The words were written before the music, and came to Lennon in the early hours one morning at his home in Kenwood.
I was lying next to my first wife in bed, you know, and I was irritated. She must have been going on and on about something and she'd gone to sleep and I'd kept hearing these words over and over, flowing like an endless stream. I went downstairs and it turned into sort of a cosmic song rather than an irritated song; rather than a 'Why are you always mouthing off at me?' or whatever, right? ...
But the words stand, luckily, by themselves. They were purely inspirational and were given to me as boom! I don't own it, you know; it came through like that. I don't know where it came from, what meter it's in, and I've sat down and looked at it and said, 'Can I write another one with this meter?' It's so interesting: 'Words are flying [sic] out like [sings] endless rain into a paper cup, they slither while they pass, they slip away across the universe.' Such an extraordinary meter and I can never repeat it! It's not a matter of craftsmanship; it wrote itself. It drove me out of bed. I didn't want to write it, I was just slightly irritable and I went downstairs and I couldn't get to sleep until I put it on paper, and then I went to sleep.
It's like being possessed; like a psychic or a medium. The thing has to go down. It won't let you sleep, so you have to get up, make it into something, and then you're allowed to sleep. That's always in the middle of the bloody night, when you're half awake or tired and your critical facilities are switched off.
All We Are Saying, David Sheff
It's one of the best lyrics I've written. In fact, it could be the best. It's good poetry, or whatever you call it, without chewin' it. See, the ones I like are the ones that stand as words, without melody. They don't have to have any melody, like a poem, you can read them.
Rolling Stone, 1970
Lennon initially wanted Across The Universe to be released as a single while The Beatles were in India with the Maharishi, but the group opted for Lady Madonna instead. In March 1969 Across The Universe was mooted for a never-released Yellow Submarine EP, but eventually appeared on No One's Gonna Change Our World, an 11-song charity album also featuring The Bee Gees, Cilla Black, The Hollies and others.
It was a lousy track of a great song and I was so disappointed by it. It never went out as The Beatles; I gave it to the Wildlife Fund of Great Britain, and then when Phil Spector was brought in to produce Let It Be, he dug it out of the Beatles files and overdubbed it. The guitars are out of tune and I'm singing out of tune 'cause I'm psychologically destroyed and nobody's supporting me or helping me with it and the song was never done properly.
All We Are Saying, David Sheff


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Home / About Quark / Press / Press Center
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Integration of Workflow Solution Demonstrations Confidence in Quark Solutions
Quark Inc. announced today that Le Revenu Français Editions Press Group, a specialist in financial news, has demonstrated its confidence in Quark solutions by integrating Quark Publishing Systems (QPS) 7 into its workflow architecture to optimize the production of its eponymous monthly publication and Le Revenu Hebdo (paid circulation of 112,000 - source OJD). The group also publishes the La Lettre Recommandée, a weekly 8-page financial monitor.
"Naturally, we looked at other offers to see if they might be of interest to the group," added Jean-Paul Ragot. "But we quickly realised that Quark was the best solution. Firstly because we work in an established environment with efficient and clearly identified partners; secondly the risks of moving all our documents over to another system, the migration and necessary user-learning period all weighed heavily in Quark's favour. And last but not least, the price was right for a solution that catered to our requirements. We really did not want an over-sized solution that, in the long term, would have had a negative impact on our productivity. Also, we'd always been happy with this solution - so why change?"
Quark and Le Revenu: Confidence and Efficiency
Created in May 1968, the first edition of Le Revenu Français was produced with a print-run of 20,000 copies. Forty years later, the group still produces Le Revenu Hebdo, which, with a paid circulation of 112,419, is the number one weekly stock exchange journal (Source: OJD DSH 2007). The group also publishes the monthly journal, Le Revenu and the weekly La Lettre Recommandée (a specialist subscriber only newsletter) and Air & Cosmos, the aeronautics industry reference acquired by the group in 1990.
A planned migration
Once editors migrated to QuarkCopyDesk in 2005, the IT department decided to move the rest of the team (layout, editorial secretariat, production) over to Mac OS X. It also took this opportunity to upgrade its QuarkXPress and QuarkCopyDesk software.
Quark and CSE - a systems integrator that develops customised solutions, set up training sessions with the Next Formation training centre to ensure a smooth transition. All QuarkCopyDesk and QPS users received a half-day training session - with a full day session for designers working with QuarkXPress 7.
What next?
Following its successful integration of the monthly and daily magazines, Le Revenu Français Group intends to extend the integration of QPS 7 to the entire group. "Air & Cosmos are due to migrate soon," added Jean-Paul Ragot. The editorial approach of this weekly publication, which employs a dozen journalists, two designers and a production secretary, is unusual in that its journalists travel extensively and send in their articles from around the globe. "We are keen to test the Web version (Web Hub), which should make it possible for our contributors to incorporate their articles directly into the layout with absolute clarity."
Jean-Paul Ragot emphasised that Quark Publishing System has enabled him to make his publishing platform more productive while "increasing user comfort, providing greater stability, and more especially generating a range of future productivity gains."
About the Revenu Français
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For a season that has been dominated by the most powerful of female performances, it was fitting that the 2014 finale should take the theme to new heights.
There is no more potent or sinister roles for an actress than that of the loathsome Cruella De Vil - whose very name conjures up both the evil and the cruelty of the devil himself.
This is the woman who determines to banish the feeling of cold once and for all by slaughtering a hundred Dalmatian puppies and having their fur turned into everything from coats to ear muffs.
Her excuse for this canine carnage is merely to keep warm, but the fire that she seeks is reminiscent of hell itself.
On the face of it, it's a curious choice for a Christmas show.
But the Youth Theatre has always been brave - shunning traditional panto for some of the darkest children's tales. Although this one has a happy ending.
The Witches and the Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe have all pursued similar themes in previous years and all supremely well.
Yet this latest production is a particular triumph and a crowning glory for a mesmerising season which relaunched the theatre after a £22m Renew restoration.
There is always a temptation, of course, to be kind when reviewing a production packed with young amateurs.
But kindness is not required. The unvarnished truth is this is a masterpiece.
From the minimalistic set capturing the Dalmatian spots, to the vocals, choreography, and costumes, this is not merely youth theatre at its best - it is the Chichester Festival Theatre at its towering magnificence.
Add to all this the complication that the lead roles are performed on an alternating rota and this also becomes a logistical triumph.
There are too many great performances to name them all.
But one or two, on the night we reviewed, cannot pass without commendation.
Poppy Crawford simply owned the role of Cruella and exuded a stage presence that signals an actress of enormous potential. If we see her name hallmarking blockbusters of tomorrow then don't be surprised.
Fred Davis at Pongo, father of the Dalmatians, had a joyous, energetic charisma that moved the entire production to a wholly professional level. He was a star.
A few other names to watch out for - Romina Hytten, Daniel Mears, Amber Wadey, Lucy Pratt, Ed Waller, Joseph Marchant, India Loseby, Beth Cave, Kai Terry and Riordan Kelly.
Tom Chown and Katie Morgan's delight at playing the lazy bad un's Amber and Bamber was infectious.
Liam Wright and Charlie Daniells who play Pongo and Cruella on rotation also featured in cameo roles of distinction on this occasion - as everything from the butcher's dog to the cow - but even in these minor exchanges their performing qualities shone out.
Thanks to enormous supporting casts this was a stage extravaganza.
Writer Bryony Lavery and Director Dale Brooks have created one of the best Youth productions on record in a theatre transformed by the amazing Jonathan Church.
So forget traditional panto - live Christmas entertainment gets no better than this.


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Anis del mono
Anís del Mono is the trade-mark of a classic Spanish anisette liqueur, the name meaning "The Monkey's Anisette." The drink is strongly flavoured with aniseed, and is often taken in coffee as a cajarillo de anis. It is distilled in Badalona, next to Barcelona, in its beachside factory. The iconic bottle design features the face of a monkey-like Charles Darwin, used since 1902. It is unsure whether the original idea was to discredit Darwin or just take advantage of the ensuing contemporary debate.
La primera defiende que Bosch, notario y afamado empresario, aprovechó el debate que suscitaban las teorías de Darwin para publicitar su marca como la más evolucionada; otros defienden que se buscaba desacreditar al científico. Sea como fuera, lo cierto es que la visita a la fábrica del Anís refinado Vicente Bosch, más conocido como Anís del Mono, deja hoy un muy buen sabor de boca. El Pais
Note: Anis del mono was originally produced in 1904 under the trade-mark name Anís del Juliano or "Julian's Anisette."
A number of Spanish artists have paid testament to the superb design of the bottle.
Juan Gris painted this work in 1914 entitled Anis del Mono.
And Picasso painted in 1915 Bottle of Anís del Mono, Wineglass and Playing Card
Characters in Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises and Hills Like White Elephants drink and discuss Anís del Toro—'Bull's Anisette', clearly the bullfight-loving Hemingway's pun or joke on the original.
The girl looked at the bead curtain. 'They've painted something on it,' she said. 'What does it say?'
'Anis del Toro. It's a drink.'
'Could we try it?'
The man called 'Listen' through the curtain. The woman came out from the bar.
'Four reales.' 'We want two Anis del Toro.'
'With water?'
'Do you want it with water?'
'I don't know,' the girl said. 'Is it good with water?'
'It's all right.'
'You want them with water?' asked the woman.
'Yes, with water.'
'It tastes like liquorice,' the girl said and put the glass down.
'That's the way with everything.'
'Yes,' said the girl. 'Everything tastes of liquorice. Especially all the things you've waited so long for, like absinthe.'


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multi-device tag
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Shared Data Plans Mean New Charging Challenges
By Mae Kowalke, TMCnet Contributor
The move to LTE networks, increasing data usage, and the proliferation of multiple devices per user has ushered in the concept of shared data plans.
Shared data plans offer benefits both to consumers and operators. For carriers, shared data plans mean the ability to have a single pool of data minutes that they can use across their multiple devices. For carriers, shared data plans mean increased customer loyalty and additional revenue opportunities.
However, shared data plans also mean challenges for carrier charging systems.


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LONDON - A major storm with hurricane-force gusts is lashing southern Britain, parts of France and Netherlands, causing flooding and travel delays, including the cancellation of roughly 130 flights at London's Heathrow Airport.
Hurricane-force gusts batter Britain, France and the Netherlands; travel delays reported
Gregory Katz, The Associated Press
LONDON – A major storm with hurricane-force gusts is lashing southern Britain, parts of France and Netherlands, causing flooding and travel delays, including the cancellation of roughly 130 flights at London's Heathrow Airport.
Express train services between central London and Gatwick and Stansted airports were suspended because of the storm, and the major English port of Dover was closed, leading to a cutoff in ferry service to France.
Thousands of homes in northwestern France lost electricity, while in the Netherlands several rail lines were closed, airport delays were reported, and citizens were warned against riding their bicycles — a favoured form of transport — because of high winds. Amsterdam's Central railway station was shut by storm damage.
Sweden's Meteorological Institute upgraded its advisory Monday, warning that a "class 3" storm that could pose "great danger to the public" was expected to hit western and southern Sweden on Monday evening.
Some English rail lines shut down Monday morning, and some roads were closed due to fallen trees and power lines. There were severe delays on many parts of the London Underground network and the opening of the Overground network was delayed several hours.
Air travellers and commuters were advised to check conditions before starting any journeys. Widespread delays were expected as major London train lines delayed their opening because of the winds and tree hazards.
In Kent, police said a 17-year-old girl died after a tree fell onto the caravan home she was sleeping in. Hertfordshire police said a man in his 50s was killed when a tree fell on a car in Watford.
But damage was less than feared in the 48 hours leading up to the storm, when the British press raised alarm bells about a possibly catastrophic storm.
British Airways said its long haul flights were expected to operate normally but domestic and European flights were operating on a reduced schedule with some cancellations expected throughout the day. It said Gatwick and City airport operations should not be affected.
Weather forecasters say it is one of the worst storms to hit Britain in years.
UK Power Networks officials said up to 220,000 homes were without power.
Flood alerts have been issued in many parts of southern England and officials said hundreds of trees had been knocked down by wind gusts.
Gusts of 99 miles per hour (160 kph) were reported on the Isle of Wight in southern England. Gusts in the 75 to 80 miles per hour range were reported on the mainland.
The storm has hurricane-force gusts but is not classified as a hurricane. It was not formed over warm expanses of open ocean like the hurricanes that often develop in the Caribbean and threaten the east coast of the United States.
A blog from Britain's national weather service, known as The Met Office, says Britain does not get hurricanes because hurricanes are "warm latitude" storms that draw their energy from seas far warmer than the North Atlantic.
The severe storm does not have an "eye" at its centre as hurricanes typically do.
A teenage boy was believed to have drowned Sunday after being swept to sea while playing in the surf. A search and rescue mission has been called off.
Cassandra Vinograd in London, Sarah DiLorenzo in Paris, Malin Rising in Stockholm and Michael C. Corder in Amsterdam contributed to this report.
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Americans are showing signs of cutting back on real estate debt, while other types of debt are creeping up slowly on their balance sheets.
Aggregate consumer debt hit $11.53 trillion in the fourth quarter, down $126 billion from $11.66 trillion in quarter three, a report from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York said Monday.
The report says real estate-related consumer debt declined as student loan debt ticked up nationally, suggesting more Americans are shedding certain kinds of consumer debt while taking out more loans for education.
Areas of consumer debt seeing a decline include real estate debt, with balances on mortgage and home equity lines of credit falling by $146 billion, according to the Federal Bank quarterly report on household debt and credit.
During the quarter, student loan indebtedness grew slightly to $867 billion. Overall, non-real estate indebtedness rose by $20 billion during the fourth quarter.
In addition, total household delinquency rates started to fall in 4Q after picking up in the third quarter. The study said $1.12 trillion of consumer debt is now delinquent with $824 billion now classified as seriously delinquent. In addition, about 2.2% of mortgage balances moved into delinquency during 4Q.
"While we continue to see improvements in the delinquent balances and delinquency transition rates this quarter, there has been a noticeable decrease in the rate of improvement compared to 2009-2010," said Andrew Haughwout, vice president and economist at the New York Fed. "Overall it appears that delinquency rates are stabilizing at levels that remain significantly higher than pre-crisis levels."
Even though some mortgage-related debts fell, 289,000 people still had foreclosures added to their credit reports in the fourth quarter, the report said. That is up 9.5% from the third quarter of 2011.
The report added that, "Overall, in 2011, the data show a continued decline in household debt driven by reductions in real estate-related debt, as well as a continued but slowing decline in delinquency, bankruptcy and foreclosure rates. Credit account inquiries and openings suggest an increased interest by consumers in obtaining access to credit."


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Acoustics & Suspended Ceilings | Fire & Safety Ceilings | Installation & Maintenance of Armstrong Suspended Ceilings | Other Aspects of Suspended Ceilings
- Which Armstrong ceilings provide good acoustic performance?
- I see a reference to NRC in Armstrong literature; what does this stand for?
- So what then is Alpha w (αw) as I thought this does the same thing as NRC?
- Is there a direct correlation between NRC & Alpha w?
- For ceilings, what is 'Absorption Class' and how is it connected to Alpha w?
- For ceiling tiles, how is Sound Absorption used?
- How can I stop a room being "echoey" ?
- What is reverberation time and how do Armstrong ceilings influence it?
- What is the effect of sound absorption on noise levels?
- How can I calculate the reverberation time of space?
- What is a sabine and why would you use it?
- Why would I use Armstrong acoustic canopies instead of a traditional wall-to-wall ceiling?
- What is the speech frequency range and is it defined in any official standard?
- What is the difference between sound absorption and sound attenuation?
- Will materials that provide high sound absorption also provide high sound reduction?
- Would repainting an Armstrong mineral fibre or metal tile change its acoustic performance?
- What is so special about the sound reduction performance of Armstrong suspended ceilings?
- Is there a direct correlation between the Rw and Dncw tested values for ceilings?
- I thought decibels were for measuring noise levels so why do you use them for ceilings?
- Is there a difference between sound reduction and sound attenuation?
- If a timber (or concrete) floor construction provides a sound reduction of Rw 35 dB, and one of your ceilings gives Rw 20 dB, what overall sound reduction would you expect if the ceiling is rigidly suspended 200mm below the floor?
- How can I improve the acoustic insulation through the floor/ceiling from my neighbour above?
A: This depends upon your definition of 'good' and whether it is sound absorption or sound attenuation that is your main interest. Armstrong ceilings can provide acoustic control with absorption values from 0.10 to 1.00 Alpha w, and attenuation values of up to Dnfw 44dB.
If you describe your concerns to your local Technical Sales group, they will be able to advise further on suitable products to meet your requirements. Also, our mainline brochure provides detailed acoustic performance for all our popular products.
A: Noise Reduction Coefficient is a method for providing a single number rating of sound absorption. It is defined in ASTM C423 as the arithmetical average of the measured sound absorption coefficients for the four one-third octave band frequencies centred at 250, 500, 1000 & 2000 Hz, rounded to the nearest 0.05. This US based system has been used extensively in Europe for many years but is now becoming less popular with the advent of the Weighted Sound Absorption Coefficient αw.
A: Alpha w (weighted sound absorption coefficient) is also a method for converting a wide frequency based range of sound absorption coefficient values into a single number but this is done using a curve fitting process. Although more complex to derive, Alpha w is considered to be more representative of how the human ear interprets sound. The method is fully described in EN ISO 11654 and has now become the preferred European unit for making a simple and rapid comparison of sound absorption performance.
A: No. Although they are both single number descriptors of sound absorption neither one can be deduced from the other as there is no direct relationship between them.
A: This is a system for the classification of Alpha w values which is defined in EN ISO 11654. Because it groups consecutive Alpha w values together into six broad-bands (each successively identified as A to E & 'Not classified'), it is not so precise and therefore provides less useful detail than when individual Alpha w values are specified or selected.
A: When applied to room surfaces or objects, sound absorptive materials reduce the reflection of sound that strikes them which helps to make a space seem less "echoey" or "lively" or, more technically, less reverberant. The ceiling plane is often the only one of substantial size, and relatively unobstructed, where sound absorption can be introduced. However sound absorptive materials are most effective at controlling reverberant sound when distributed between several room surfaces or objects rather than just being applied to one.
A: Echoes are discrete sound reflections from a distant surface which, if they are of sufficient intensity and time delay, can be heard distinctly from the direct sound, ie you hear the same sound twice in quick succession. The expression "echoey" is often used to describe the sound heard in an enclosed space which is particularly reverberant or 'lively'. This is actually the wrong use of the term as, perhaps surprisingly, echoes are a rare phenomenon in most normal sized and occupied enclosed spaces. However excessive reverberation and noise can be controlled by the introduction of sound absorptive treatments, such as suspended acoustic ceilings.
A: This is the time, in seconds, required for reflecting or reverberant sound in an enclosed space to decay to one-millionth (equivalent to a drop of 60 dB) of its original energy level after the cessation of the sound source.
It is the most common, and easily obtained, measurement or predictor of a room's potential sound quality. The reverberation time (RT) for any enclosed space will be influenced by the room's volume and how much sound absorption (which controls the reflection of sound) is present. Increasing the volume will increase the RT while increasing the amount of sound absorption will lower the RT. Because Armstrong suspended ceilings can provide a substantial surface area and can provide more or less sound absorption depending upon the product chosen, they can significantly influence the RT of a space. However any room will have an optimum reverberation time (RT) requirement depending upon its use and size and whether the main activity is speech or music based. Providing too much sound absorption, and hence having a very low reverberation time (RT), can be just as acoustically damaging and undesirable as having insufficient sound absorption when an excessively long reverberation time (RT) will result.
A: Rooms with reasonable amounts of sound absorptive finishes appear quieter and less frenetic than those with little or no sound absorptive treatment. If the amount of effective sound absorption in a room is doubled (or halved), the noise level will be reduced (or increased) by 3dB (Decibels). However, it should be considered that a change of 3dB will only just be detected by the human ear, while a difference of 5dB is necessary to be really noticeable. In addition, sound absorptive treatments that are applied to the boundary elements (walls, ceilings, floors etc.) of a room, do not have any significant effect at enhancing the element's sound reduction properties, ie when sound transmits through it from one adjacent room to another.
A: By using a mathematical model based upon the 'Sabine' formula which takes into account the significant surfaces of a room, their respective sound absorption coefficients and the room dimensions. The acoustic module in "Estimate", provided by Armstrong to registered users, will enable a simple indicative calculation to be made. Alternatively, your local Technical Sales group will be able to do a more detailed calculation which also considers specific user criteria.
A: A sabine (also known as the equivalent absorption area) is a measure of sound absorption afforded by a material which is defined as the product of its exposed surface area S (m2), multiplied by its random incident sound absorption coefficient alpha s. However the sabine is also specifically used to describe the total absorption provided by individual discrete objects, such as an acoustic canopy or baffle, where all of its surfaces may be influentially providing sound absorption and the use of as would not be sensible or realistic.
Once the total sound absorption present in a room (from both planar surfaces and objects) has been calculated, an estimate can be made of the room's probable reverberation time. The installation of Baffles and canopies in a reverberant space can significantly reduce the reverberation time and contribute to the reduction in background noise.
A: Some trends in modern building technology, such as the use of concrete thermal slabs as heat-sinks, requires that the slab be exposed to the occupied space and therefore a continuous (wall to wall) ceiling, which could interfere with the airflow pattern, is not permissible. But the downside of not having an acoustic ceiling will probably result in higher reverberation times and increased noise levels above those which would be acceptable to the users. Also in many existing spaces, even though a continuous ceiling is present and has to remain in place for various technical reasons, it may provide insufficient sound absorption than is suitable for the activities undertaken. Therefore the installation of canopies in a reverberant space, in sufficient numbers and layout to satisfy both technical and aesthetic considerations, can significantly reduce the reverberation time and contribute to the reduction in background noise and improvement of aural comfort.
A: The speech frequency range is generally described as being between about 500Hz and 4000Hz. However it is not defined in any known national or international standard.
A: Sound absorption relates to the control of sound reflections within a room while sound attenuation is associated with the control of sound transmission between adjacent rooms via a continuous suspended ceiling.
A: Probably not. Materials that provide high levels of sound absorption are generally lightweight and porous which is the direct opposite of the qualities required for sound reduction ie massive and impervious.
A: In terms of sound absorption there may be a small loss, depending upon the tile face pattern (fissures, perforations, scrim etc), the paint type used, and the thickness of the applied coat(s). It is unlikely that the ceiling's sound reduction or attenuation performance will be adversly affected but if the spaces where the ceiling has to be repainted are acoustically critical, then laboratory testing to assess any possible differences in acoustic performance should be conducted on repainted samples.
It should be noted that the repainting of ceiling tiles could also adversly affect their other technical performance factors such as fire reaction, sag, light reflectance etc and the implication of such possible changes needs to be considered. Finally it should be appreciated that the repainting of any tiles supplied by Armstrong will invalidate any warranty that was provided when the tiles were new.
A: Armstrong suspended ceilings are one of few building products whose sound reduction can be measured in two entirely different ways. These are sound reduction index (R or SRI = vertical or single pass) which is measured in accordance with EN ISO 140 Part 3 and Normalised Level Difference for Ceilings (Dnc = horizontal or double pass) which is measured in accordance with EN ISO 140 Part 9.
A: No. Although there are some empirically derived relationships between the two different values for the same product, there are no theoretically based methods for deriving one value from the other. The overall process is far too complicated and it is certainly NOT the case that Dncw = 2 x Rw!
A: The decibel is a unit used in acoustics to describe the magnitude of sound levels. These levels can either describe how loud something is (eg 85 dB due to a passing bus), or they can describe the ability of a product or system to reduce sound, eg a 35 dB suspended ceiling will reduce a sound level of 75 dB in one room down to 40 dB in an adjacent room. The bigger the number the greater is the sound energy level or sound difference involved.
A: Insofar that the terms 'reduction' and 'attenuation' both mean a decrease or lessening of something, then these expressions describe the same process and are usually interchangeable. In relation to the acoustics of suspended ceilings, 'sound reduction' is generally used to describe the 'single or vertical pass' decrease (typically from a ceiling cavity to a room below) while 'sound attenuation' is reserved for the 'double or horizontal pass' lessening in transmitted sound energy where the ceiling is continuous above two adjacent rooms.
- 21. Q: If a timber (or concrete) floor construction provides a sound reduction of Rw 35 dB, and one of your ceilings gives Rw 20 dB, what overall sound reduction would you expect if the ceiling is rigidly suspended 200mm below the floor?
A: The Rw of the total construction is unlikely to be more than about 40 dB ie an increase of up to only 5 dB on the floor construction. This is because the two separate elements are very close to each other and are rigidly connected together and therefore the sum of their two individual reductions cannot practicably be achieved.
A: This is not a problem that can be easily or simply solved by installing a further suspended ceiling below. It all depends upon the level of disturbance that is occuring and the type and construction of the existing floor and surrounding walls. Further advice should be sought from an acoustic consultant or specialist supplier of noise insulation materials.
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A well-behaved crowd of about 20,000 concert goers enjoyed yesterday's Mission Concert in Hawkes Bay, police say.
Headlining the show was Bee Gee Barry Gibb and Carol King, with Father Chris Skinner and the Wellington Ukulele Orchestra warming up the crowd.
Constable Rob Tully said there were no problems with the crowd.
"Even our lost property, there was just one small box. It was a well-behaved crowd I'd say," Mr Tully said.
There may have been some minor disorder problems, he said.
Last night marked the 20th year for the concert, with the first in 1993 with opera diva Kiri Te Kanawa headlining.
The only concert ever to be cancelled in that time was in 2009, when Lionel Ritchie's performance was rained out.


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Human Impact
Humans are one part of a complex world ecosystem. We are dependent on the natural world and our actions have a profound impact on our environment. With human dependence and effect on the natural world greater than ever, this theme is about documenting the changes humans have affected on our natural landscape.
Show us examples of human impact, from human abuse of the environment, to the consequences and effects of human activity on the natural landscape, to actions people are taking to bring change to our relationship with the environment. Be sure to explain the photo-- only photos with descriptions will be considered for publication.
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