text:
Mplus Home
Last Day
Last 3 Days
Last Week
Tree View
Edit Profile
TSCORES without "|"?
Mplus Discussion
Growth Modeling of Longitudinal Data
Jon Heron
posted on Wednesday, March 18, 2009 - 9:47 am
I have built up a second order growth model without using the pipe (|) option
The structural part of my model is specified as:
intcpt by
slope1 by
slope2 by
and this gives me the ability to assess the effect of covariates on both slopes and also the mean level at the middle time point
I now want to incorporate TSCORES since there is variation in age at each time point.
Can I do this without reverting to |?
Since such a model is not listed in the growth model section of ch-16, I fear the answer may be no.
many thanks
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Friday, March 20, 2009 - 12:06 pm
The AT option requires using |. But you could turn the model into a 2-level model and let time be a variable, regressing the outcome on time with a random intercept and a random slope.
Jon Heron
posted on Monday, March 23, 2009 - 6:22 am
Ahh, thanks Bengt
Jon Heron
posted on Tuesday, April 07, 2009 - 5:48 am
I have fitted my piecewise linear 2nd order growth model on 3 time points of data by constraining the first order residual variances to be zero.
My manifest scales are very skewed and hence the estimated covariate effects on my 2nd order growth factors are rather small. Consequently, I have coverted my manifests into ordinal variables to see what effect this will have.
A linear (2 growth factors) model is estimable in this situation, however I run into problems when I attempt my piecewise (3 growth factor) model - I am unable to constrain my first order residual variances to be zero.
Having read (i.e. struggled) through mplus notes #4, I now think that such a model may not be possible due to the relationship between the residual variances of the manifests and 1st order factors (theta and psi)
Perhaps you can help / put me out of my misery
many thanks, Jon
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, April 07, 2009 - 6:16 pm
I think I have more questions than answers here - I am perhaps not understanding the setting.
I assume when you say "first order residual" that you refer to residuals of the first piece of the piece-wise growth modeling?
I am not quite sure how you identify a piece-wise model from only 3 time points. You have to impose restrictions.
When you do the ordinal version you say you have problems restricting your first order residual variances to zero - but I don't understand why do you want residual variances to be zero. One may want to restrict them to be equal over time. Note that ML estimation of such growth models do not have free residual variance parameters, but essentially says they are equal over time. So using WLSMV one may want to restrict them to be say 1 at all time points. But I think piece-wise growth modeling for ordinal outcomes using only 3 time points draws on too little information relative to its parameters.
Jon Heron
posted on Wednesday, April 08, 2009 - 8:48 am
I'm constraining to zero the residual variances for the three factors at the first level - i.e. the level between the growth factors and the manifests. This is to enable me to fit a piecewise model on 3 time points (this constraint was suggested in a paper on 2nd order growth models from the Teacher's Corner bit of the SEM journal)
Incidentally, in said SEM paper, the author used likert scales as if they were continuous - so he really should have done what I am attempting to do!
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Wednesday, April 08, 2009 - 4:23 pm
I see, you have a multiple indicator growth model. I am not familiar with this SEM article or this approach (what's the exact ref.?), but it seems strange to me to restrict the residual variances to zero for the essential outcome of the growth model.
Jon Heron
posted on Thursday, April 09, 2009 - 12:30 am
Teacher's Corner: An Illustration of Second-Order Latent Growth Models
Gregory R. Hancock, Wen-Ling Kuo, Frank R. Lawrence
Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal,
Volume 8, Issue 3 July 2001 , pages 470 - 489
I don't have the article in front of me, but if I remember correctly, the constraint described results in a model akin to a repeated measures ANOVA. This constraint is not the main focus of the paper - merely a comment in the discussion.
Jon Heron
posted on Wednesday, April 15, 2009 - 11:58 pm
I think I might be worrying about non-normality unnecessarily as I can stick with continuous use MLR
My measures are either 9 or 12 point scales (typical dist'ns shown below). Do you think i would scrape through with MLR? I'm under a bit of time pressure now and don't feel I have the breathing space to start playing with a zero-inflated approach such as Olsen/Schafer.
0 | 1,417 (40.0%)
1 | 1,264 (35.7%)
2 | 399 (11.3%)
3 | 198 (5.5%)
4 | 132 (3.7%)
5 | 59 (1.7%)
6 | 38 (1.1%)
7 | 21 (0.6%)
8 | 15 (0.4%)
Tot | 3,543
0 | 1,118 (34.7%)
1 | 753 (23.4%)
2 | 504 (15.6%)
3 | 296 (9.2%)
4 | 205 (6.4%)
5 | 122 (3.8%)
6 | 98 (3.1%)
7 | 50 (1.6%)
8 | 29 (0.9%)
9 | 23 (0.7%)
10 | 22 (0.7%)
11 | 6 (0.2%)
Tot | 3,226
thanks again, Jon
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Friday, April 17, 2009 - 10:47 am
Categorical variables with strong floor effects like the ones you show should not be treated as continuous using MLR. The robustness to non-normality is not sufficient in this case. Instead, they should be treated as ordered categorical or a two-part model as shown in Example 6.16 could be considered.
Jon Heron
posted on Sunday, April 19, 2009 - 5:43 am
thanks Linda,
I think I've established that the constraints I want to impose are not possible with the ordinal approach (earlier up this message).
Is the two part model compatible with multiple indicator growth? Can't quite get my head round that at the minute!
I see there is also a third option - mixtures with a constrained symptom-free class.
One of these should hopefully work!
Bengt O. Muthen
posted on Sunday, April 19, 2009 - 10:42 am
Related to multiple-indicator growth, you may think of the longitudinal extension of the paper on our web site:
Kim, Y.K. & Muth�n, B. (2007). Two-part factor mixture modeling: Application to an aggressive behavior measurement instrument. Forthcoming in Structural Equation Modeling.
Jon Heron
posted on Monday, April 20, 2009 - 8:21 am
thanks Bengt
Jon Heron
posted on Tuesday, November 20, 2012 - 7:23 am
Hi Bengt/Linda
I've been playing around with TSCORES recently and fitted the following linear model:-
i s | ht1-ht5 AT age1-age5;
as what I believe is referred to a a random-coefficient regression:-
i by
s | ht1 on age1;
s | ht2 on age2;
s | ht3 on age3;
s | ht4 on age4;
s | ht5 on age5;
To my surprise the model output diverges when one introduces missing data since the latter approach considers age* to be x-variables hence they must be complete.
Is there perhaps a way round this? (other than making the ages endogenous and using monte-carlo integration which is getting me nowhere.)
many thanks, Jon
Linda K. Muthen
posted on Tuesday, November 20, 2012 - 1:05 pm
You can recode the age variables to any non-missing value if the dependent variable is missing. Then they will not be deleted. Because the dependent variable is missing, this does not affect the results.
Jon Heron
posted on Wednesday, November 21, 2012 - 1:00 am
ace, thanks Linda
Back to top
Add Your Message Here
Posting Information:
This is a private posting area. Only registered users and moderators may post messages here.
Enable HTML code in message
Automatically activate URLs in message
Tree View
Program Credits


text:
Enhance your physical well being and gain the many benefits from this gentle strengthening and stretching class. Participants exercise at their own level using light weights and resistive bands to fight fatigue and improve strength, endurance, flexibility, and posture. A prerequisite for Wellness Workout is a general fitness questionnaire to be completed with the instructor 10 minutes prior to the initial class.
Back to All Events
Earlier Event: February 25New Member Orientation, RSVP Required
Later Event: February 25Intermediate Wellness Workout

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Russia will resume civilian nuclear cooperation with Libya by completing the construction of an atomic research centre and power station, a Russian official was cited as saying Wednesday by Interfax.
The energy field, including nuclear, is one of the priorities identified by a Russian-Libyan commission on trade and economic cooperation which met in Tripoli last week, said Deputy Emergencies Minister Yury Brazhnikov.
The minister is a member of the commission, jointly headed by Russian Emergency Situations Minister Sergei Shoigu. The Soviet Union began to build nuclear infrastructure for Libya before its break-up in 1991.
"It is well known that cooperation between Libya and the Soviet Union was dominated by arms sales, but now both sides have decided to focus on trade and economic ties," Brazhnikov said. Moscow has drawn Washington's ire in recent years by cooperating with Iran in building nuclear reactors.
The United States accused Russia of supplying Iran technology which Tehran can use to develop nuclear weapons. The Russian-Libyan commission announced last week that the two countries would sign several economic contracts worth over $600 million by the end of this year.
The value of the planned contracts in fact amounts to one billion dollars, according to Brazhnikov, including $650 million dollars for the reconstruction of a thermal power plant in Tripoli.
Russia resumed economic and diplomatic ties with its long-standing ally in May last year after the UN Security Council suspended the seven-year sanctions, which included a ban on imports of oil-related equipment and a freeze on financial assets abroad.—AFP.
©--Agence France Presse.
© 2000 Mena Report (www.menareport.com)


text:
Broncos agree to 1-year deal with Will Montgomery
ENGLEWOOD, Colo. (AP) The Denver Broncos and free agent center Will Montgomery have agreed to terms on a 1-year deal.
Montgomery is a ninth-year pro who played the last five seasons with the Washington Redskins. He was drafted by Carolina in 2006 out of Virginia Tech when Broncos coach John Fox was Panthers coach. He also played for the Jets from 2007-08.
During his career, Montgomery has started 46 games at center, 10 at right guard and seven at left guard.
The Broncos are shuffling their offensive line this offseason. They allowed left guard Zane Beadles to leave for Jacksonville in free agency and might move center Manny Ramirez over to make room for Montgomery. They also could move right tackle Orlando Franklin inside.
AP NFL website: www.pro32.ap.org and www.twitter.com/AP-NFL


text:
Contact us 24/7: +1 877 678 9627
J Brand
Stacked Skinny mid-rise jeans
View product details
J Brand
Stacked Skinny mid-rise jeans
Zoom In
Speak to your personal shopping team about purchasing this item.
- - Fits true to size, take your normal size
- - Mid-rise, skinny fit
- - Mid-weight stretchy denim, 3% elastane
- - Model is 177cm/ 5'10" and is wearing a size 26
EXCLUSIVE TO NET-A-PORTER.COM. J Brand's new 'Stacked Skinny' jeans have a 34-inch inseam and are meant to ruche at the ankle, but they're also great for those with longer legs. Wear this pair with a luxe sweatshirt and point-toe pumps.
Shown here with: KENZO top, Valentino bracelet, Maria Black bracelet and ring, Gianvito Rossi shoes, Christian Louboutin shoes, Proenza Schouler bag.
- - Mid-blue stretch-denim
- - Belt loops, four pockets
- - Button and concealed zip fastening at front
- - 89% cotton, 8% polyester, 3% elastane
- - Machine wash cold inside out to avoid color transfer
- - Designer wash: Pacifica
Product Code: 402750
Shop more:
For alternative suggestions, contact our Fashion Consultants
Help & Advice
Product Code: 402750


text:
The Miss America pageant is on Saturday (get excited!), so we tracked down the current Miss America Laura Kaeppeler for her beauty and fashion secrets.
1. Be a Dirty Girl
We've all read that you shouldn't wash your hair every day, but go a couple days and you'll be able to rock some rad updos. And what's more chic than daily sock buns?
2. Stay Low Maintenance
Mascara, a little blush, and some lip gloss is all you need to freshen up your look.
3. No Butts About It
The best way to keep a bikini bottom in place? Butt glue! It's a real thing, and if your suit's riding up, you should be using it.
4. Fly in Style
Kaeppeler spent 340 days of the past year traveling, so we'd consider her an airport expert. Her advice: Never travel in sweats or PJs.
Follow Emma on Twitter.


text:
Seems that I've spent even more time than in the Fall being the family taxi, which boils down to schlepping kids to and from activities/friends' houses, etc. And when the day is over, I swear that their clothes must breed in the laundry bin like some bizarre ooze or something.*
And naturally the SWTOR Rakghoul event is starting just as my workload is going up, too.
For the first time in a long time, I've begun hanging around an area to protect my faction.
As I'd mentioned in the last post, I've begun hanging around Hellfire Peninsula to protect the Alliance from Horde PvPers. While I'm technically on a PvE server, the wave of PvP gankers has been on the rise the past few months. I figured that since I'm not doing much, just waiting around between BGs, the least I could do was flip the PvP switch and protect some fellow Alliance members.
And that first week, I'm glad I did.
Somehow, somewhere, the CRZ for Hellfire Peninsula now includes Area 52.
You know, the large server where Neve and Q can be found. And the Horde:Alliance ratio is something like 10:1.
So. That means there's a swarm of A-52 Hordies all over Hellfire, basically raising some hell for the Alliance toons there. In my informal scans of the area, the Horde outnumbers the Alliance between 2:1 and 3:1. While some Horde toons play nice, others, well, don't. I've seen L90 toons gank L60 toons, Tarren Mill style, and I've seen Ganklethorn Vale behavior of an L90 toon trailing along at a distance from an L60 toon, just waiting to step in when an Alliance L60 toon swoops in for some PvP action.
I don't go for ganking the low level toons, but I do believe in fairness. And if I see you picking on my faction, I'm going to retaliate. Want to slaughter NPCs at Expedition Point? Fine, Reaver's Fall doesn't need that many questgivers. Trying to torment that L61 Mage working on quests around the Path of Glory? A few judicious sappings will convince you otherwise. Ganking that L60 DK trying to take the Stadium with your L90 Warlock? You might want to look behind you, someone just might be there.
*Whenever I venture into the laundry room, I keep expecting to hear Brann Bronzebeard yell "Incoming!!" like he does in the last boss of Halls of Stone.


text:
We need all hands on deck to help with the Strawberry Festival being held on Sunday, June 11th from 10am-2pm (immediately following the Color Run).
This is the main fundraiser for IES PTA and proceeds with fund the Science program (and science coordinator) IES. Please consider donating your time, treasures or talents. We will be selling raffle tickets (with the possibility of winning Disneyland tickets) as well as accepting any and all donations.
There are 2 more planning meetings that will be on the playground after school Wednesday (May 31st & June 7th).
We need help with obtaining silent auction and raffle items, set-up, clean-up, bake sale, games, tie dye and more.
If you cannot make the meeting, please take a minute to sign-up to help on Sign Up Genius (http://www.signupgenius.com/go/409054dadab2ea4f58-incline1)


text:
Tim Davis: Upstate New York Olympics (2010–11)
June 17–August 28, 2011
Tim Davis Press Release
In this newly acquired video installation, artist-poet Tim Davis creates and performs his own version of the Olympic Games. Transforming the neighborhoods, streets, and surrounding countryside of his town into athletic venues, Davis is the sole competitor in events such as "Abandoned Building Bowling," "No Trespassing Parallel Bars," "Snowman Jiu Jitsu," "Divine Vine Climb," "Flag Pole Grapple," and "Stream Luge," among others. The artist professes to dislike the actual Olympic Games, but as Brian Wallace noted in the catalogue for an exhibition of Upstate at the Samuel Dorsky Museum of Art:
- When I recently asked Davis directly about the impetus behind this project, he said to me that he was struck by a combined admiration for and loathing of what his age forces him to see as the next generation's sense of place in the world. He cautiously broached the example of the "Jackass" series of videos and movies as an admirably direct—albeit deliberately non-contemplative—expression of profoundly fraught relationships with the physical world. He also referred to his ongoing interest in the self-effacing—but deeply confident—humor of early West Coast video art by practitioners such as William Wegman and Bruce Naumann, both of whom address mortality, endurance, power, and responsibility with an absurd literalness of narrative and a perverse economy of technical/formal means.
In heroic profile, Davis slyly salutes Old Glory, the state flag of New York, and the flag of "I'm lovin' it" McDonald's at the opening ceremony of his games. But the venues and settings of his events—barns, abandoned buildings, fields in flower, lawns under snow—are beautifully composed and filmed, a testament to his career as a photographer.
Davis is a former resident of Amherst, Massachusetts. He now works and lives in Tivoli, New York, and teaches photography at Bard College.
Caption (still from video): Tim Davis. American (born Malawi), 1969. The Upstate New York Olympics(detail, In the Forsythia). 2010-2011.


text:
14-Year-Old Brazilian Girl Is Almost 7 Feet Tall! (Had To Leave School Because She Couldn't Fit In The School Bus)
Brazilian News
Please click the "Report" button below if the video on this page is not working properly.
Comments will only be displayed by verified emails. No Spamming or Racism.


text:
Contact Us
Contact Us
- Pinkwell Primary School, Pinkwell Lane, Hayes, Middlesex, UB3 1PG
- Email: email@example.com
- Tel: 02085732199
Inspire, Motivate, Succeed
Welcome to 2CB!
Your teacher will very soon be filling this page with exciting class news, pictures of things we've done and more.
Do you have any ideas for this page? Why not let your Teacher know!


text:
Details: 30mm round natural malachite gemstone decorations wholesale Item: CDN22 Material: malachite Shape: round Color: See image Size (mm): approx 30mm Quantity Discount Pricing: 1 – 4: None5 – 49: 95%50 – 99: 90%100+: 85% The listed price is for one decoration The pictures of this item on our website are just a reference to tell you that they are in mixed colors and/or mixed shapes. However, the colors or shapes we get from the factory may vary each time, so we will send your orders randomly according to our stock.
Wednesday 23 October, 2019 21cngems.com | About Us | Contact Us | Payment | Shippment | Order Tracking | FAQs | Sitemap
Wholesale Gemstone Beads | Gemstone Beads | Carved Stone Beads | Nugget Stone Beads | Tiny Stone beads | Twisted Stone Beads | Jewelry Findings


text:
Cordless Phone Headsets
Connect the VTech Dect 6.0 headset IS6100 to your cordless phone system and enjoy the freedom of a hands-free conversation at home or in your office. The IS6100 DECT headset offers interference free, superior sound with the same long range that you come to expect from a traditional DECT 6.0 cordless handset. It is the perfect solution for the busy multi-tasker.
View: Grid List 1 products
Sort by


text:
I have two HP-UX machines say A and B with HP-UX 11.11 and 11.31 respectively. I have compiled gvim 7.3 from source an B, and gvim 7.0 on A.
On A, gvim uses "version with GTK GUI", Compilation with gcc (...) -DFEAT_GUI_GTK and all works fine.
On B, gvim looks different and uses "version with X11-Motif GUI". Here ssh -X does not copy paste on selection exactly as in the thread "GVim compiled from source opened via SSH -X does not copy paste on selection":
- copy/paste via select works on a GVim window on A, but not on B.
- When I select some text in the GVim window, I can paste it via right-click within that window, but I cannot paste it into anything running locally. When I select something locally, I can paste it locally but when I paste into the GVim window, it pastes the last thing selected in the GVim window, not the last thing selected locally.
The Problem is: I cannot rebuild gvim with gtk. Although I have installed GTK+ on the machine via HP depot (GTK 2.6) and using gtk+ is called default in the Makefile configure ends up with compiler option "gcc (...) -DFEAT_GUI_MOTIF".
to be more specific: configure gives:
checking --enable-gui argument... yes/auto - automatic GUI support
checking whether or not to look for GTK+ 2... yes
but doesn't search for gtk Libraries. It only looks for Motif:
checking for location of Motif GUI libs... /usr/lib/Motif1.1
It doesn't tell me that it is missing anything I can provide! In the directory "auto" the file configure.log shows no failure in searching for GTk, it just doesn't look for!
configure:7577: result: yes/auto - automatic GUI support
configure:7609: checking whether or not to look for GTK+ 2
configure:7618: result: yes
configure:7627: checking whether or not to look for GNOME
configure:7636: result: no
configure:7644: checking whether or not to look for Motif
configure:7653: result: yes
configure:7661: checking whether or not to look for Athena
configure:7670: result: yes
configure:7678: checking whether or not to look for neXtaw
configure:7687: result: yes
configure:7695: checking whether or not to look for Carbon
configure:7704: result: yes
configure:7752: checking --disable-gtktest argument
configure:7762: result: gtk test enabled
configure:7772: checking for pkg-config
configure:7803: result: no
configure:8035: checking for location of Motif GUI includes
configure:8047: result: in default path
configure:8062: checking --with-motif-lib argument
configure:8076: result: no
configure:8081: checking for location of Motif GUI libs
configure:8099: result: /usr/lib/Motif1.1
configure:8202: checking for XShapeQueryExtension in -lXext
And make starts with OPTION Motif:
avalenti@ncc1n:/usr/local/src/vim/vim73/src >make | tee make-minimal.results
mkdir objects
CC="gcc -Iproto -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DFEAT_GUI_MOTIF -I/usr/local/include " srcdir=. sh ./osdef.sh
gcc -c -I. -Iproto -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DFEAT_GUI_MOTIF -I/usr/local/include -g -O2 -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=1 -o objects/buffer.o buffer.c
If I force usings gtk with
configure --enable-gui=gtk2
make ends up with no error but gvim says:
"E25: GUI cannot be used: Not enabled at compile time"
How can I force gvim to compile using gtk2?


text:
Jennifer Aniston wasn't there to accept her MTV Movie Award for best kiss, but her "We're the Millers" costar Will Poulter did a fine job invoking her presence with a presumably fake text message from the actress who played his fake mom.
Aniston, Poulter and Emma Roberts won the best kiss award Sunday night for their awkward smooching scene in "Millers," which revolves around a fake family assembled by Jason Sudeikis' character to help him bring a massive amount of weed from Mexico into the United States.
Holding the popcorn statuette (for a second time, after winning earlier for breakout performance), Poulter took a moment to gloat about life in the wake of the film.
"On movie sets, often, actors hook up, it happens," Poulter said. "Me, Jen, Emma, we're so happy together. Dating two women is hard. I don't know how anyone does it here. But I'm coping, I'm managing, as tough as it is. Love triangle, right?"
It was at that point that a "text" from Aniston interrupted his speech. "It's Jen," he said. "This is great. I should read it out loud."
He then relayed the supposed message from his co-honoree: "Hey ... I"m watching this on TV," the alleged "Aniston" wrote. "Stop telling people we're a real thing. I was forced to kiss you. I didn't come tonight because I thought I might have to come near you again. It's probably best you stay in England.
"P.S. You look like a dorky Tintin."
Ouch! But a very cute acceptance speech.
In the award-winning scene, Poulter's Kenny sits on a couch between Aniston's Rose and Roberts' Casey as the women take turns locking lips with him. The moment beat out Joseph Gordon Levitt and Scarlett Johansson in "Don John"; James Franco, Vanessa Hudgens and Ashley Benson in "Spring Breakers"; Shailene Woodley and Miles Teller in "The Spectacular Now"; and Jennifer Lawrence going wife-on-girlfriend with Amy Adams in "American Hustle."
Aniston, 45, told Conan O'Brien last summer that she was pretty nervous while filming the scene with Poulter, who was born in 1993 versus Aniston's 1969.
"Did you break a law when filming this scene?" O'Brien asked.
Aniston is currently in Los Angeles shooting the movie "Cake," which also stars Anna Kendrick and Sam Worthington. She's also engaged to actor-writer Justin Theroux, who at 42 is more in her legal ballpark.
The 23-year-olod Roberts is engaged to actor Evan Peters, 26.
Follow Christie D'Zurilla on Twitter and Google+. Follow the Ministry of Gossip on Twitter @LATcelebs.


text: SANFORD, Fla. (AP) -- An unarmed black teenager shot to death by a neighborhood watch captain told his girlfriend moments before he was killed that he was being followed, a lawyer said Tuesday as federal and state prosecutors announced they would investigate. "'Oh he's right behind me, he's right behind me again,"' 17-year-old Trayvon Martin told his girlfriend on his cellphone, the Martin family's attorney said. The girl later heard Martin say, "Why are you following me?" Another man asked, "What are you doing around here?"' attorney Benjamin Crump said. The phone call that recorded Martin's final moments was disclosed as the U.S. Justice Department opened a federal civil rights probe into the Feb. 26 shooting and the local prosecutor convened a grand jury to investigate. The neighborhood watch captain, George Zimmerman, has not been charged and has said he shot Martin, who was returning to a gated community in Sanford after buying candy at a convenience store, in self-defense after Martin attacked him. Police say Zimmerman is white; his family says he is Hispanic. The case has ignited racial tensions in this Orlando suburb of 53,500 people, sparking rallies and a protest in Gov. Rick Scott's office on Tuesday. The Rev. Al Sharpton is joining Sanford city leaders at a town hall meeting later Tuesday to discuss the investigation. Police say Zimmerman was bleeding from his nose and the back of his head, and told police he had yelled out for help before he shot Martin. Crump told reporters Tuesday that Martin cried out when a man bearing a 9mm handgun came at him. Martin called his 16-year-old girlfriend in Miami several times on Feb. 26, including just before the shooting, Crump said. The discovery of the lengthy conversations, including one moments before the shooting, was made over the weekend by Martin's father by checking his son's cell phone log, Crump said. "She absolutely blows Zimmerman's absurd self-defense claim out of the water," Crump said of Martin's girlfriend, whose name was withheld. Martin, who was in town from Miami to visit his father in Sanford, told the girl on his way back from the store he'd taken shelter the rain briefly at an apartment building in his father's gated community, Crump said. Martin then told the girl he was being followed and would try to lose the person, Crump said. "She says: 'Run.' He says, 'I'm not going to run, I'm just going to walk fast,"' Crump says, quoting the girl. After Martin encountered Zimmerman, the girl thinks she heard a scuffle "because his voice changes like something interrupted his speech," Crump said. The phone call ended before the girl heard gunshots. The last call was at 7:12 p.m. Police arrived at 7:17 p.m. to find Martin lying face down on the ground. Zimmerman was handcuffed after police arrived and taken into custody for questioning, but was released by police without being charged. Police have interviewed Zimmerman two times since then. Crump called the treatment patently unfair and asked if Martin would have received the same treatment if he had been the shooter. "We will not rest until he is arrested. The more time that passes, this is going to be swept under the rug," Crump said. Crump said he plans to turn over information about the call to federal investigators; a grand jury in Seminole County is also likely to subpoena the records. The Florida Department of Law Enforcement is also involved in the state case. Former federal prosecutors said there are limitations to a Justice Department civil rights probe, which typically would involve a sworn law enforcement officer accused of abusing his authority. In this case, they said, it's not clear whether Zimmerman had any actual law enforcement authority or if the Sanford Police Department did anything improper. Zimmerman had a permit to carry a gun, but it was not required for his neighborhood watch patrol. "I think the community has the feeling that there's some type of cover-up," said Jeffrey Sloman, former U.S. attorney in Miami. "At least the department's involvement makes sure it gets some review. He wasn't a police officer. I'm sure that this is going to be a tough case to prosecute." Sanford officials went to Washington Tuesday to meet with Justice Department officials handling the probe, and the department's Civil Rights Division said its community relations unit would go to Florida this week to "address tension in the community." "If we made missteps over the course of this, we're going to correct those actions," Mayor Jeff Triplett said. "If we made an error, I want someone to tell me. There's people who do this for a living. I don't. I want someone to hold us to that standard." Authorities may be hamstrung by a state "Stand Your Ground" law that allows people to defend themselves with deadly force and does not require a retreat in the face of danger. Asked Tuesday if that law needs change, Republican Gov. Rick Scott said "it's always positive to go back and think about existing laws." Seminole County State Attorney Norm Wolfinger said a grand jury will meet April 10 to consider evidence in the case. An online petition urging local authorities to prosecute Zimmerman has drawn more than 500,000 signatures at website Change.org. About 50 defense attorneys and protesters filled the lobby in the governor's office Tuesday to deliver a letter seeking an independent investigation and a task force to study racial profiling. They applauded when Scott came out of his office to talk to them. "I will make sure justice prevails," Scott said. "I'm very comfortable that (state law enforcement) is going to do the right thing. They're not going to let somebody do something wrong and get away with it." Sharpton is attending the town hall meeting at a local church Tuesday night to discuss how the investigation is being handled. Students rallied on Monday at Florida A&M University's campus in Tallahassee and outside the Seminole County Criminal Justice Center. -------- Anderson reported from Fort Lauderdale, Fla. Associated Press writers Brendan Farrington and Brent Kallestad in Tallahassee, Fla., and Suzanne Gamboa in Washington contributed.


text:
on 'Wireless Technology'
CP eHandbook: Wireless - Plants Benefit from Wireless Technology
For chemical processors, changing process conditions demand quick responses in order to keep processing effective and to keep processes running properly. For processes undergoing such changes, accurate and timely measurements, such as vibration monitoring, redundant tank level measurement and steam header temperature profiling can be difficult to collect. In well-established plants it's both very expensive and time consuming to get measurement points online using conventional wired instrumentation. Many processors are now turning to wireless devices that can supply data from numerous points that never could have been justified otherwise. In this Chemical Processing Wireless eHandbook we take a look at wireless technology solution successes:
** How installing a wireless pH analyzer for crucial insights on seal integrity provided Fuji Film with a low-cost monitoring solution for protecting a pricey pump
** How one of the world's largest producers of chlorine, caustic soda and vinyl chloride embraced wireless technology and achieved operating economies and more efficient control of its chemical processes
** More!01/17/2013
Productivity Improvement with Wireless Steam
When steam traps leak or fail, energy is lost and there could also be steam equipment failure or damage and potential safety hazards. A major food manufacturer improved their steam trap program and enhanced their ongoing leak repair campaign with remote steam trap monitoring using Smart Wireless Solutions from Emerson.03/13/2012
Improving Plant Production with Wireless Condition Monitoring
Mechanical failure of motors, drives and other vital electromechanical equipment are among the most common reasons for production stoppages. Fortunately, recent advancements in vibration monitoring and data analysis have lead to condition monitoring systems that can accurately detect a problem before failure, thus reducing costly machine shutdowns and maximizing production output. These systems are installed on the monitored equipment and are typically networked back to a central computer for data analysis and alarm annunciation. Because the machines may be in remote locations where network infrastructure is not available, or on moving platforms where hardwired network connectivity is not practical, wireless communications is a networking alternative that offer installation cost savings, quicker deployment and even improved reliability in certain situations.09/30/2008
Using Operator Interfaces to Optimize Performance of Industrial Wireless Networks
The performance of wireless networks can change over time due to increased performance demands, changes in the radio frequency (RF) environment and changes in the physical environment. This article will explore the use of a wireless diagnostic OLE for Process Control (OPC) server technology to embed diagnostic information in human machine interfaces (HMIs), thus optimizing industrial wireless network performance.09/30/2008
Why WirelessHART? The Right Standard at the Right Time
The WirelessHART standard provides a robust wireless protocol for the full range of process measurement, control and asset management applications. Based on the proven and familiar HART protocol, it enables users to quickly and easily gain the benefits of wireless technology while maintaining compatibility with existing devices, tools and systems.11/16/2007
Preparing for industrial wireless
Plants across the world are increasingly having to make thedecision to implement wireless technology in their industrial facilities. The right decision enables an infrastructure that provides significant benefits from wire savings to improved operations. Wireless is a complex enabling technology that requires many considerations before broad deployment in an industrial facility.09/27/2007
The Next Evolution in Motion Networking
This paper examines the value benefits of a wireless approach and addresses the most obvious concerns of safety, reliability and latency.08/15/2007
Implementing Foundation fieldbus
This white paper provides some insight into the process for safely implementing Foundation fieldbus in an area of your facility that has a hazardous classification.06/14/2007
Fieldbus and remote I/O system comparison
Nine manufacturers participated in the FuRIOS study, which was conduced under the lead of an end user company that compared its use of fieldbus and remote I/O in full detail.02/10/2006


text:
ADRIAN, Mich. – The Adrian College football team may have found a diamond in the rough in the offensive backfield on Saturday night. Junior Kyle Smock did not carry the ball once in last week's season opener, but in a 23-13 win over visiting Defiance College rushed 27 times for a career-high 217 yards in the Bulldogs' first win of the 2012 season.
Smock accounted for 217 of the team's 284 rushing yards and scored on a six-yard run to open the scoring at 9:40 of the first quarter. Smock's capped off Adrian's first drive but failed on a two-point conversion rushing attempt to make it 6-0. Smock ran for 29 yards in the first quarter, zero yards in the second quarter, 93 yards in the third quarter and 95 yards in the fourth quarter.
The Adrian defense created the first turnover of the game in the second quarter as Defiance quarterback Garrett Teague was sacked by senior Joe Makowski and fumbled the ball away to junior Dro Clark at the Defiance 14-yard line. Adrian could not punch it into the end zone but junior Dustin Salliotte booted a 31-yard field goal to give Adrian a 9-0 lead with 8:13 left in the second quarter.
The Yellow Jackets answered back on their next drive as Aaron Smith rushed around right end for a 58-yard touchdown run on the third play of the drive to make it 9-7 with 6:52 left until halftime. The teams went into the break as Adrian totaled just 96 yards in the first half. Defiance gained 132 yards including 96 yards on the ground.
The Adrian defense forced a three-and-out to start the second half and the Bulldogs made a quarterback switch going with junior Taylor Copacia. Adrian's drive covered 10 plays and 45 yards and was capped off by a Ben Klaver 36-yard field goal to make it 12-7 with 9:23 left in the third quarter.
Adrian just had one more drive in the third quarter which lasted 5:21 and covered 80 yards. The end result however was a missed 34-yard field goal by Klaver wide right. Adrian ran 19 offensive plays compared to nine Defiance plays in the quarter.
The Yellow Jackets took their first lead of the game early in the fourth quarter. On a third-and-five from their own 46-yard line, Teague found Joey Chester over the middle and Chester raced 54 yards to the end zone with 13:23 left in the game. The Yellow Jackets tried a trick two-point conversion as kicker Spencer Saunders took a pitch from the holder, but Charles Fleck made the tackle for Adrian to keep the score at 13-12.
Adrian responded on their next possession driving 73 yards in seven plays for the game-winning score. Smock ran 21 yards down to the Defiance 41-yard line and after a sack of Copacia, the quarterback hooked up with senior Justin Hemm on third-and-18 for a 49-yard touchdown with 10:30 left in the game. Copacia then ran around left end for the two-point conversion to give AC a 20-13 lead.
The Adrian defense then stopped Defiance on two straight drives limiting them to eight yards on six plays. Adrian took over the ball with 5:11 left on their own 25-yard line and sealed the win driving 73 yards highlighted by a 54-yard run by Smock on the second play of the drive moving the ball down to the Defiance 19-yard line. The Bulldog running game pounded the ball down to the two-yard line before Salliotte kicked a 20-yard field goal with 51 seconds left to make it 23-13. On the ensuing kickoff, freshman Cody Seeley drilled the ball off a Defiance player and Adrian recovered on their own 41-yard line. The Bulldogs took a knee twice and ran out the clock to even their record at 1-1.
Copacia went 3-for-6 through the air for 65 yards. Aaron Tenney completed 3-for-8 for 14 yards in the first half. Hemm finished with five catches for 72 yards. Dae'Von Robinson carried 14 times for 54 yards. The kicking game was much improved going 3-for-4 in field goal tries. Junior Deontae Bridgeman led the defense with 11 tackles and set a career-high with five tackles for a loss of 16 yards. Bridgeman also forced two fumbles and had a sack. Adrian recorded 13 tackles for loss on the evening including three sacks.


text:
- Professionally Trained Team
- We take care of the customer
- We Deliver Solutions!
- Best Deals On The Market
Know what to anticipate
With respect to Drywall Contractors in Hall Summit, LA, you have to be knowledgeable to make the most effective judgments. You should not go into it blindly, and you should be aware of what to expect. You will not confront any surprises when you hire Drywall Installation Guys. Start off by contacting 800-340-5756 to go over your task. We are going to go over your questions and concerns as soon as you call and get you organized with a scheduled visit. We always get there at the scheduled time, all set to work closely with you.
For the very best Drywall Contractors in Hall Summit, Wyoming, choose Drywall Installation Guys
Whenever you are preparing a task for Drywall Contractors in Hall Summit, LA, there's lots of reasons to prefer Drywall Installation Guys. We have got the top customer satisfaction ratings, the very best quality materials, and the most sensible and efficient cash saving techniques. We fully understand your requirements and ambitions, and we are ready to help you using our expertise. If you need Drywall Contractors in Hall Summit, choose Drywall Installation Guys at 800-340-5756, and we're going to be more than pleased to help.


text:
The languages of the world
Funk & Wagnalls, 1975 M04 1 - 374 páginas
Presents brief descriptions of the world's language families and their major subdivisions and descriptions of the more important individual national, tribal, and minor languages, with sample texts and translations
Dentro del libro
Página 210
Página 326
Página 359
Comentarios de la gente - Escribir un comentario
LibraryThing ReviewCrítica de los usuarios - MsMixte - LibraryThing
Not a lot of in-depth analysis of the languages presented, but a wonderful opportunity to see how the various languages LOOK. Need to know what Nakhi looks like? Urdu? Is it Swedish or Danish? It's in here... Leer comentario completo
LibraryThing ReviewCrítica de los usuarios - Ludi_Ling - LibraryThing
A nice book as a quick guide of all the modern languages of the world - I especially liked that it included the standard scripts used for writing each language, as well as a passage written in that ... Leer comentario completo
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
Términos y frases comunes
5th century A.S.S.R. capital Africa alphabet contains Altaic Bantu languages border branch Celtic languages central century a.d. China Chinese closely related coast consonants Cyrillic alphabet dialect Dravidian Dravidian languages Dutch east eastern English words Eskimo family of languages Finnish Finno-Ugric languages Fulani Gaelic German Greek Guinea Hindi Hungarian Icelandic important language Indian languages Indo-European family Indo-European languages Indonesian Iranian languages Islands Kabardian kana known language spoken languages are spoken languages include Latin linguistic Lithuanian live mainly major languages Malay million speakers Mon-Khmer languages Mongolian mother tongue mountain Munda languages national language Norse northern Norwegian number of speakers official language origin Pakistan percent Persian Pidgin population Portuguese pronounced province Quechua region Republic River Roman Russian Sanskrit script Semitic Serbian Siberia Slavic languages southern Soviet Union Spanish speak spoken principally Swahili syllable Tamil Turkic language Uigur Urdu vowel western widely spoken written


text:
I'm having problems reading the daydream comics using Firefox on Arch Linux. It works when I use Midori on the same computer or using Firefox on OSX.
The problem is that even though the webpages are displayed, the actual comic image does not load (firefox gets a HTTP 403 Error).
Here is a screenshot:
The Problem persists, no matter which (daydream) comic I'm viewing.
Also, I made sure that I am logged in.
Where I work, we once had a similar problem. In our case it was the user-agent string which triggered our server's bot protection.


text:
Den Chief
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
|Serving as Den Chief can apply towards Positions of Responsibility requirements for Star, Life, and Eagle.
|Den Chief
The Den Chief is a Boy Scout or a Varsity Scout or a Venturer who assists a Cub Scout Den Leader or Webelos Den Leader with a Cub Scout or a Webelos Den. He helps Cub Scouts advance through Cub Scout ranks and encourages Cub Scouts to join a Boy Scout troop upon graduation.
Request, selection and approval
The position of Den Chief serves at the request of the Cubmaster.
He is selected by the Senior Patrol Leader and Scoutmaster in a Boy Scout troop, or by the Varsity Team Coach in a Varsity team, or by the Crew Advisor in a Venturing crew.
He is approved by the Cubmaster and the Pack Committee for recommendation to the Den Leader.
Reports to
- Knows the purposes of Cub Scouting.
- Helps Cub Scouts achieve the purposes of Cub Scouting.
- Serves as the activities assistant at den meetings.
- Sets a good example through attitude and uniforming.
- Is a friend to the boys in the den.
- Helps lead weekly den meetings.
- Helps the den in its part of the monthly pack meeting.
- Knows the importance of the monthly theme and pack meeting plans.
- Meets regularly with the den leader to review den and pack meeting plans. Meets as needed with adult members of the den, pack, and troop.
- Receives training from the den leader (and Cubmaster or Assistant Cubmaster) and attend Den Chief Training.
- Encourages Cub Scouts to become Webelos Scouts when they are eligible.
- Encourages Cub Scouts to join a Boy Scout troop upon graduation.
- Helps the Denner and assistant denner to be leaders.
- Enthusiastically and correctly wears the Scout uniform (all four parts).
- Lives by the Scout Oath and Law.
- Shows Scout spirit
- A Den Chief must be an older registered member of a Boy Scout troop, Varsity Scout team or Venturing crew.
- To serve as a Crew Den Chief, the Venturer must have achieved at least First Class rank as a Boy Scout or Varsity Scout.
- For a Crew Den Chief to apply this leadership as an Eagle position of responsibility, the Venturer must have earned Life Rank after January 1, 2007.
See also
|Scouts BSA portal
|Varsity Scout portal
|Venturing portal
MeritBadge.Org is your online Scouting University with everything from Getting Started to Bridging.
- Den Meeting Plans: Tiger Cub, Wolf, Bear, Webelos Program: Webelos I, Webelos II
- Leader Awards: Cub Scout Den Leader Award (Tiger/Wolf/Bear/Webelos), Scouter's Training Award (basically all adult leaders but Den Leaders), Scouter's Key (Cubmaster), Den Chief Service Award (Den Chief)
- Program Helps: Recruiting, & CubTrax Spreadsheets
- Activities: Day Camp, Resident Camp, Whittling Chip, Guide to Safe Scouting
- Key Leaders: Denner, Den Chief, Tiger Leader, Den Leader, Webelos Leader, Cubmaster
- Training: Youth Protection, New Leader, BALOO, Webelos Outdoor, Wood Badge, Philmont, Den Chief Training
- Fundraising, Popcorn, and the importance of Individual Youth Accounts
- Nameplates: Official BSA Name plates for your uniforms
See the Cub Scout Leader Resources for the Pack Organization Chart and much more.
(Youth Positions)
Team Positions of Responsibility and Adult Advisers
|Team Leadership:
| Captain • Cocaptain • Team Secretary • Squad Leader • Quartermaster • Chaplain Aide •
Librarian • Instructor • Den Chief • Order of the Arrow Team Representative
|Program Managers:
|Advancement • High-Adventure/Sports • Personal Development • Service • Special Programs and Events
|Other team leadership:
|Historian • Bugler
|Team Coach • Assistant Team Coach(es) • Committee Secretary • Committee Treasurer
|Program Advisers:
|Advancement • High-Adventure/Sports • Personal Development • Service • Special Programs and Events
Crew Positions of Responsibility and Adult Advisers
|Crew Officers:
|President • Vice President - Administration • Vice President - Program • Secretary • Treasurer
|Special crew officers:
|Crew Guide • Quartermaster • Historian
|Other crew officers:
|Musician • Den Chief
|Advisor • Associate Advisor(s) • Crew Committee Secretary • Crew Committee Treasurer


text:
The purpose of a Data Access Layer is to simplify access to data stored in a persistent storage separate from your application.
In the past, creating a functional and easy-to-use Data Access Layer (DAL) in your application could be a tedious and long-winded process. Following this tutorial, you will learn how to easily generate a DAL from a database with minimal effort. You will learn how to automatically generate classes that map your database entities, their relationships, and even the stored procedures to .NET objects and methods. You'll also discover how to update your DAL when the database has been changed. Finally, you'll learn how to extend your automatically created classes to really customise your DAL.
The following are required for this tutorial:
• SQL Server
• SQL Server Management Studio
• Some flavour of Microsoft Visual Studio
• The Entity Framework DLL (I use https://www.nuget.or...EntityFramework)
The Database
Creating the Instance
I'm going to start by creating a SQL Server database for our application. It's possible to use many database types, but that is beyond the scope of this tutorial. Note that if you're using Visual Studio Express you might need to create a class library using Visual Web Developer to connect to anything other than SQLCE databases (including SQL Server). We're going to start really simple by creating a database that just tracks Users, Products and Orders.
Firstly, from SQL Server Management Studio, click the "Connect" drop-down and select "Database Engine". You can also use "File" -> "Connect Object Explorer" and use the drop-down to select "Database Engine". You'll see the "Connect to Server" dialog as in the screenshot below.
Use this to connect to your SQL Server instance as usual. You should then be able to view your available databases in the Object Explorer as in the below screenshot. I haven't got any at the moment, but that's about to change.
Right-click on the "Databases" folder and click "New Database", after which the "New Database" dialog should then appear as below.
Set your database name. I'm going to call mine "EntityTutorial". Now click OK, and the database will be created. You should be able to see it sitting in your Object Explorer.
Creating the Tables
To start with, our application database is going to be very simple. We're going to have 3 tables; "Users", "Products", and "Orders". Expand your database, and right-click the "Tables" folder. Next, select "New Table" and you will then be able to design your table. Using the "Properties" window, name the table "Users". We need to also add the columns "UserID" (an "int" type that does not allow nulls), "UserName" (nvarchar(5), not nullable), "FirstName" and "LastName" (nvarchar(5), nullable), and "EmailAddress"(nvarchar(MAX), not nullable). Before we finalise this table, we need to make the UserID field start from 1 and auto-increment itself. That means the IDs for this table will be assigned on creation, and we don't need to worry about them. Click on the "UserID" column, and you will see the "Column Properties" section of the window has its details. In the "Identity Specification" section, set "(Is Identity)" to "Yes", and ensure the fields "Identity Increment" and "Identity Seed" fill with a 1. Save and close this table design.
Do the same to create two more tables. "Products" will need columns for "ProductID" (int, not nullable, identity), "ProductName" (nvarchar(100), not null), "Description" (nvarchar(MAX), null), "Price"(float, not null), "AddedBy" (int, not null), and "AddedOn"(datetime, not null). The "Orders" table needs columns "OrderID" (int, not null, identity), "Product" (int, not null), "OrderedBy" (int, not null), "OrderedOn" (datetime, not null), and "Quantity" (int, not null).
All three tables should now be showing in object explorer, as in the screenshot above. However, if you examine them, you'll notice there are no Primary Keys on any table. We want the ID field (first column) from each table to be the Primary Key, so we need to add them. Right-click a column on the "Users" table, select "Modify" and you're taken back to the designer. Then, right-click the column selector to the left of the "UserID" column and select "Set Primary Key"; there should now be a yellow key next to it. Do the same for the "Products" and "Orders" tables, setting the "ProductID" and "OrderID" columns as Primary Keys.
You might have been sharp enough to pick up on the fact that we've created some columns that will connect to another column in another table. We'll set these as Foreign Keys now. Right-click the "Keys" folder for the "Products" table, and select "New Foreign Key…" You'll see a "Foreign Key Relationships" dialog like the screenshot below.
Click the ellipsis ("…") button and you'll see a "Tables and Columns" dialog. Change the "Primary key table" to "Users", set the left column to "UserID" and the right to "AddedBy". That means that when a Product gets added, it will need to reference the UserID of the user who added it. Click "OK", then "Close".
Do the same linking the "Product" field on the "Orders" table to the "ProductID" field on the "Products" table, and the "OrderedBy" field on the "Orders" table to the "UserID" field on the "Users" table. You will have to add a second relationship in the "Tables and Columns" dialog or you will overwrite your previous relationship. Our database is complete, for now.
The Data Access Layer
Connecting to the Database
So, we have a simple database for our application. Now, we need an application for our simple database. Using Visual Studio, let's create a new Console project named "EntityTutorial". The first thing I'm going to do is add another project to this solution: a Class Library called "DataAccessLayer". I'm also going to delete the "Class1" file generated with that library.
First, we need an EDMX: this is a file that defines the mapping to the database. These are really easy to generate in Visual Studio. Right-click your "DataAccessLayer" project and select "Add", then "New Item…" An "Add New Item" dialog will appear. Select "ADO.NET Entity Data Model" and name it "TutorialModel.edmx".
When you click "Add", you'll be taken to the "Entity Data Model Wizard". First, select "Generate From Database" and click "Next". Then, you'll need to create a new connection to your database: Select "New Connection", ensure your Data Source is "Microsoft SQL Server (SqlClient)" and select the "Server name" and "Database name" fields. Note as per my previous warning, if using Visual Studio Express you may have to use Visual Web Developer Express to create this connection.
Click "Test Connection", and hopefully it will succeed. Click "OK" and in the previous part of the Wizard, you'll see a new connection string, as well as a checkbox asking if you want to save the connection string. Make sure you have, so you can substitute a different database location further down the line. Click "Next, and the Wizard will retrieve information from your database. Select all the Tables and click "Finish".
Once the EDMX has been created, you'll see it looks similar to the database we made, including the relationships (as indicated by the dotted lines). Great! We have a connection from our application to the database.
Generate the Entity Classes
Next, we want to generate the classes we will use in our application that will be modelled on our database. We will also generate a "DbContext" class that will give us read/write access to the database so we can get and manipulate these objects from storage, as well as save any state changes.
To begin with, you'll need to get the "Entity Framework 4.x [or 5.x] DbContext Generator" component from the Online Gallery in Extension Manager. Then, right-click your EDMX and select "Add Code Generation item…" Select "EF [ver] DbContext Generator" and set the name as "TutorialModel.tt" and click "Add".
Seconds later, this should have finished. You'll have two new items in the Solution Explorer: "TutorialModel.Context.tt" and "TutorialModel.tt". If you expand the "TutorialModel.Context.tt" you should also see "TutorialModel.Context.cs".
Below the "TutorialModel.tt" you have "Order.cs", "Product.cs", "TutorialModel.cs" and "User.cs".
Open the User.cs class; you'll see it has properties to match each database field, and an ICollection to represent the relationships. Also check out the "TutorialModel.Context.cs" class; this inherits from DbContext, giving us access to the underlying database. However, this project will need to reference Entity Framework; add a reference to the project and navigate to where the DLL is saved on your machine.
A quick note: NEVER make changes to these classes. They're generated automatically, and can be overwritten when regenerated. Later, we'll learn how to extend these classes.
Using the Classes
Creating a New User
At some point we're going to need to use what we've made here, so let's add a reference in our EntityTutorial console application to our DataAccessLayer project. You'll also need to add a reference to Entity Framework. Now, in the Program.cs class file, add a method with the following signature:
private static bool AddUser(string userName, string firstName, string lastName, string emailAddress)
This helper method will allow us to easily create a user and save it in the database. It will also return true if the save was successful.
We need to create a context. The good news is, the DbContext class implements the IDisposable interface, so we can wrap it in a using statement, like so:
using (var dbContext = new EntityTutorialEntities())
That forces the context to be disposed of implicitly when out of scope. Within curly braces, we then need to create an object of type User (I'm going to use an object initializer to save effort):
var user = new User { UserName = userName, FirstName = firstName, LastName = lastName, EmailAddress = emailAddress };
Now we need to add this User object to the database context's Users collection.
The database context class has methods we can invoke as well as the collections of objects representing the tables. The SaveChanges() method will, unsurprisingly, save changes to the database, and its return value is the number of changes saved.
var changesSaved = dbContext.SaveChanges();
Finally, we will return true if the changesSaved variable has a value of greater than or equal to 1.
return changesSaved >= 1;
The whole method looks like this:
Let's test that works. Add this line to the Main method in your console app's Program.cs:
var addedUser = AddUser("MrShoes", "Mister", "Shoes", "[email protected]");
Hopefully, you understand what that line does: it creates a user with the user name "MrShoes", first name "Mister", last name "Shoes", email address "[email protected]", and the variable addedUser holds a Boolean value indicating whether the changes were saved or not. We probably want to output something to the screen.
Console.WriteLine(addedUser ? "A user was added." : "No user could be added."); Console.ReadKey();
Run the console application and let's see the result.
Oh no! An unhandled exception! The message for this exception is: "No connection string named 'EntityTutorialEntities' could be found in the application config file." Yes, we do have an app.config with that information in the class library; we just need to copy the file into the console project. You can easily do that in VS by right-clicking the App.config file and selecting "Copy", then right-click the console project and select "Paste". Run it again and you should see:
Seems like it's been successful. Let's check the Users table in the database.
You'll see a new entry in this table matching what we added in code; even better, the row has a UserID property that was automatically generated.
Getting a User from the Database
Obviously, we need to be able to read from the database as well as writing to it. We use the same DbContext object to access the database entities, which will automatically be mapped to the classes we've created.
If you wanted to get all the Users, for example, you'd use:
var allUsers = dbContext.Users;
The variable allUsers would then be of type DbSet<User> and, in our current state, will include one single User object. If you wanted to get the users with an ID greater than 7, you'd use:
var usersAfterSeven = dbContext.Users.Where(u => u.UserID > 7);
In this case, the "usersAfterSeven" variable would be of type IQueryable<User> and in our example hold no entries (since our only user has an ID of 1). The .Where() extension method is very useful when using Entity Framework, but can be fairly intimidating if you're not familiar with using a lambda as a predicate. It's beyond the scope of this tutorial, but I'm sure you'll quickly pick up how to use them.
var firstUser = dbContext.Users.FirstOrDefault();
The above line will return a single User object, the first in the database, or null if there are no Users stored. What's useful is that you can also supply a lambda expression as an argument to the .FirstOrDefault extension method. For example, if you want to get a User by its UserName property, you'd use:
return dbContext.Users.FirstOrDefault(u => u.UserName == 1);
That will return our User from the database. Let's create another method in our console app to help us get Users by UserName.
Now let's try this out. Change your Main method to match:
Run that, and you should get this output:
Creating a New Product
We're going to create a method that will help us easily add Products to the database. This method will also take an object of type User as a parameter. Create a method with the following signature:
private static bool AddProduct(string productName, string description, double price, User addedBy)
We need to create the database context as before.
using (var dbContext = new EntityTutorialEntities())
Now, within curly braces, we use an object initializer to create a Product object.
var product = new Product { ProductName = productName, Description = description, Price = price, AddedOn = DateTime.Now, AddedBy = addedBy.UserID };
You notice that for the AddedBy property, we're accessing the UserID of the User object we've passed as a parameter. This will ensure we are creating the correct relationship between entities. We're also using DateTime.Now to store as the AddedOn date. As before, we need to add the Product to the context's Products collection.
The method should look like this, after we've finished it off the same way we did AddUser:
Change your Main method like so:
Run this, then check your database.
We now have a new Product, it has been assigned its own ProductID, and the AddedBy matches the User's UserID field.
Getting a Product from the Database
Returning the Products is done the same as with Users. Four our purposes, we'll use a helper method:
You might also want a method that lets you easily get the Products that were created by a User. Because the relationship exists in the database, Entity Framework will allow us to access them simply as a property of a User object.
Creating a New Order
By now, you won't be surprised to hear that we're going to make a helper method just like our others to create Orders.
We'll add an order from our Main method.
Run this and check your Orders table in the database.
You can see it has been added, and the ProductID and OrderedBy field match the User and Product we created earlier.
Dealing with Changes
Often, especially when developing a new product, the database might change. Whether it's new tables, new columns, or stored procedures, if you wish to use them in your application you'll need to update the mapping in your EDMX. Fortunately, that's just as easy as it was to generate the EDMX in the first place.
Adding a New Column
In SQL Server Management Studio, right-click your Users table and select "Design". Add a new column "LastActive" of type datetime, and allow nulls. Close and save this table.
The column now exists in the table, but not our Entities nor our mapping. Return to the EDMX in Visual Studio, right-click and select "Update Model from Database…" You'll then be shown the Update Wizard.
Click "Finish" and it will refresh the current tables. After a while, you'll see the "LastActive" field has been added to your EDMX. Check your User.cs file and… oh, it hasn't changed. Not yet, at least. Save your EDMX and check again.
OK, we now have the LastActive property. It's important to remember that the code generation tool won't be re-run until the EDMX is saved.
Adding a New Table
Sometimes an entirely new table has been added to the database, and you'll need to start using it in your application. This is just as easy as adding a column.
To start with, in SQL Server Management Studio, we'll create a new table called "News", with the columns ItemID(int, not null, identity), Date(datetime, not null), Heading (varchar(200), not null), Body (text, not null), and AddedBy(int, not null). Set ItemID as the Primary Key, and create a relationship linking AddedBy to the UserID field in the Users table.
We'll need to map this in our EDMX. Go back to Visual Studio, right-click the EDMX and select "Update Model from Database…" This time, you'll be able to select the "News" table to add, so do that and select "Finish".
The "News" table has now been mapped to entities, and the relationship has been created. Save, and you should now have a News.cs class file.
You should also see a new collection named "News" in the User class.
Adding a Stored Procedure
Sometimes, the database will have stored procedures that you'll need to call. This is also possible using the mapping of Entity Framework, and it makes calling a stored procedure as simple as invoking a method.
In SQL Server Management Studio, navigate to "Programmability" -> "Stored Procedures" in your database. Right-click and select "New Stored Procedure". Replace the template text with the following:
Run this and the procedure will be created. You will be able to see it in the Stored Procedures folder. Now, let's add it to our mapping. Again, go to Visual Studio, right-click your EDMX and select "Update Model from Database…" Now you will be able to select the "DeleteUser" stored procedure; do so, then click "Finish".
This time, you won't see anything visually added to your model. That makes sense, since we've only added a stored procedure and not an object. We need to use "Function Import" to add this to our context class. Go to the "Model Browser" window in VS (if you can't view it, right-click on the EDMX and select "Model Browser") and, there in the Stored Procedures folder you should see our "DeleteUser" procedure. Right-click it and select "Add Function Import".
The "Add Function Import window will now appear. We don't need to change anything here, we're not returning anything and we don't need to change the name. Click "OK", then save your EDMX. The EntityTutorialEntities class should now look like this:
Ok, we can see that all the Entities we've created are collected here, and we now have a DeleteUser method. How do we call it?
Extending the Classes
I mentioned earlier that you should never change the automatically generated classes. That's because any update will rerun the code generator, and will therefore overwrite any changes you make. However, the people who made the code generator knew you might need to extend the classes, and so they made them partial classes.
To extend the classes, then, you only need to create a new class with the same name in the same namespace, and also make it partial. That way, you can access all the properties and methods of the generated classes and create your own.
Create a new UserExtend.cs file in your DataAccessLayer project, so we can extend the User entity. Add the keyword to the class definition, and rename it "User" from "UserExtend".
Let's give it a property that returns the number of Orders placed by the User.
public int NumberOfOrders { get { return Orders.Count; } }
Now you see we can access the Orders collection from this extended class, even though it is defined in a separate file. They are the same class defined in multiple files.
Maybe you want to use this class as an IIdentity so your application can keep track of which user is logged in. Change the class signature:
public partial class User : IIdentity
Remembering to add the statement:
using System.Security.Principal;
And implement the interface members:
public string Name{ get { return UserName; } } public string AuthenticationType { get { return "Standard"; } } public bool IsAuthenticated { get { return true; } }
Now our generated class implements a useful interface!
By now you'll see just how easy it can be to automatically generate a DAL from a database with automatically generated code. Obviously, it's possible to create much more complex data layers than the one shown, but this should server as a good reference for a starting point.
This post has been edited by xclite: 08 April 2015 - 05:48 AM
Reason for edit:: Updating entity framework link


text:
Sometimes your skin throws up unexpected surprises. The cause could be hormones, stress or a change in season. A dedicated skincare routine can make a huge difference.
We'd love to send you exclusive offers and the latest product information from ELEMIS by email, post, phone and other electronic means. We'll always treat your personal details with the utmost care and will never sell them to other companies for marketing purposes.


text:
I just wanted to post my feedback on how easy it is to switch hard drives, for whatever reason.
Firstly in addition to the normal backup I made a duplicate backup on the new drive. I use a syncing program which verifies all files and I have trust in its ability.
In the folder view of PSu I simply pointed the directory to the directory on the new drive.
After about 10 mins a message announced that 1036 folders had been mapped, so the 45,000 images on the new drive were now seen by PSu. I had not expected this to be so easy or so fast.
Changing hard drives is SO easy with Photo Supreme
Post Reply
1 post • Page 1 of 1
Changing hard drives is SO easy with Photo Supreme
Never say never change, but using Mac since 2005. Photo Supreme 22.214.171.12405. I endorse the interoperability of files between applications and systems.
Post Reply
1 post • Page 1 of 1


text:
From firstname.lastname@example.com Thu Jun 8 14:43:03 2006
From: email@example.com
Date: Thu, 8 Jun 2006 15:42:54 EDT
Subject: Re: question
To: fonorow
Could you tell me what this is all about?? SallyTom,
Thank you for bringing this questionable information to the attention
of the Vitamin C Foundation, and thanks for the fax of page 23,
Nutrition Healing the Physical Body. However, I don't see any authors name, so I have to take your word that Sally Fallon has endorsed this information about vitamin C.
I hope not because Sally and The Weston Price Foundation have quite a reputation, and something like this might seriously damage it.
Also, I was looking for the references page so I might dig in to the
science behind the analysis. This sounds exactly like the misinformation about Vitamin C that has been disseminated by another respected source in the nutrition industry - Standard Process. When they get something so wrong about vitamin C, all their writings and analysis come in to question.
Let me say that the Foundation has addressed the media reports on
which much of this is based, and these reports were false. False
in the sense that the 'harm' attributed to vitamin C never occured.
For example, findings about DNA damage (Lunec Letter to a Journal, later retracted) and "atherosclerosis" (minutes of an AHA meeting, but never published in Journal) were bogus, but made news because the vitamin C harming anyone or any thing other than a virus is news.
As I mentioned, false information about the "true" vitamin C being
a "complex" prevented the National Foundation for Alternative Medicine from conducting a study of the Pauling Vitamin C therapy for heart and cardiovascular disease!! This Foundation parroted these same words, that vitamin C isn't vitamin C!?!, and this ignorance may have shortened the lives of millions.
As our Foundation points out to whomever might be willing to listen, the exact molecular structure of vitamin C is known, Ascorbic Acid, and AA is made by over 99% of all animals now living. THis is the "natural" form of vitamin C, and no animal makes any "complex" in their livers, (The bioflavonoid "complex' only occurs in plants, probably to protect the highly reactive vitamin from oxidizing.) Furthermore, any argument that high amounts of vitamin C is harmful has no real scientific support, and must explain why all the animals (which synthesize AA at between 250 mg and 500 mg per hour! 24/7, do not experience the problems attributed to "mega" vitamin C on page 23 that you faxed to me.
Also note that Standard Process vitamin C products contain the evil synthetic vitamin C - because the vitamin would be lost in almost any process that would try to distill it from a plant. Eat fruit if you want "natural" vitamin C! The problem is that to replace the missing ascorbate caused by the GULO mutation (the reason humans can't make the "vitamin" like all other animals, we'd need to eat hundreds of oranges every day, or suffer the body compensating for less vitamin C -- lp(a) induced atheroclerosis.
As more vitamin C experts are learning about our new forum
we are getting advice and opinions about vitamin C from around
the world. We would welcome Sally, or Dr. Cowen, or any other
person who wants to present contrary ideas, as they will be
tested by many many minds. The objective is the truth about
vitamin C
Owen Fonorow
Vitamin C Foundation


text:
By Swetha Gopinath and Kanika Sikka
(Reuters) - EXELON (EXC.NY)Corp said it would buy Pepco Holdings Inc for $6.83 billion, helping it overtake Duke Energy Corp as the biggest power distribution company in the United States.
The deal will allow Exelon to sell more power at stable rates set by regulators at a time when an abundance of cheap natural gas is dragging down power prices in the open market.
Exelon's move to reduce its exposure to the vagaries of the wholesale power market comes as U.S. utilities struggle with falling electricity demand in both the open and regulated markets due to increased energy efficiency and a weak economy.
However, Exelon's stock fell as much as 5 percent to $34.22.
"Some investors might question Exelon's desire to increase the company's regulated exposure at a time when power markets appear to be recovering," said Wells Fargo analyst Neil Kalton.
The company defended the acquisition saying it was maintaining substantial exposure to the recovery in prices.
"The acquisition also supports our belief in the value of an integrated utility, with a balanced mix of regulated and non-regulated cash flows," Exelon Chief Executive Chris Crane, who will lead the combined company, said on a conference call.
Exelon said its earnings from the regulated business is expected to rise to as much as 65 percent after the deal, from about 60 percent now.
Pepco's shares rose as much as 18 percent before closing 17.4 percent higher at $26.76, slightly below Exelon's offer price of $27.25 per share, despite fears of severe regulatory scrutiny for the deal.
However, two experts said the deal was unlikely to run into serious trouble from regulators, who most likely will include the U.S. Justice Department, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and public utility commissions in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and the District of Columbia.
There is no antitrust issue since the two companies don't have customers in the same areas, said Bruce McDonald, an antitrust expert with Jones Day law firm.
Pepco operates utilities in the District of Columbia, Delaware, Maryland and New Jersey, serving about 2 million customers.
Exelon's utilities deliver electricity and natural gas to more than 6.6 million customers in Maryland, Illinois and Pennsylvania.
The acquisition would not deter Exelon from buying more renewable and conventional power assets, Crane said. At the same time, the company is looking to raise up to $1 billion by selling non-core assets, he said.
Weak power prices and consumption have spurred consolidation among utilities in the past three years, with Exelon itself having bought Constellation Energy for $7.9 billion in 2011. Duke Energy and AES Corp have also made acquisitions.
Exelon said it expected Pepco to "significantly" add to adjusted earnings in the first full year after the deal closed.
The company also reported a lower-than-expected profit for the first quarter, hurt by weak energy prices and a fall in nuclear and coal output.
Barclays, Goldman Sachs & Co and Loop Capital Markets are Exelon's financial advisers. Kirkland & Ellis LLP is its legal counsel.
Lazard is Pepco Holdings' financial adviser. Sullivan & Cromwell LLP and Covington & Burling LLP are its legal counsel.
(Additional reporting by Diane Bartz in Washington; Editing by Saumyadeb Chakrabarty and Savio D'Souza)


text:
M20 Shaft Power Monitor
The Emotron M20 offers reliable, repeatable results when it comes to monitoring and protecting machines and processes against abnormal conditions; reducing overall maintenance costs by monitoring motor power.
FDU Variable Frequency Drive
The Emotron FDU is a variable torque AC Drive that is designed to control flow and pressure. It offers efficient and reliable operation of pumps, fans, and compressors, thereby reducing energy and maintenance costs. The series covers powers of up to 3,000kW.
FlowDrive Variable Frequency Drive
Emotron FlowDrive is designed for use in the most common pumping scenarios (1-2 pumps of any brand) in the wastewater management industry. The heart of FlowDrive is automatic reservoir level control - which optimizes energy use, minimizes the need for maintenance and enables real time process monitoring.
VFX Variable Frequency Drive
The Emotron VFX is a constant torque AC Drive that is ideal for dynamic applications. With direct torque control, accurate speed control, and efficient vector braking, the VFX offers reliable control of cranes, crushers, centrifuges, and other constant torque applications up to 3,000kW.
VS10/30 Variable Frequency Drive
Although small in size, the Emotron VS10 and VS30 AC Drives are equipped with several advanced features. It offers great flexibility in all senses. Functionality is easily adapted to your specific application requirements.
MSF Soft Start
The Emotron MSF 2.0 Soft Start offers optimized start and stop sequences, advanced braking techniques, and built-in monitor functionality. The MSF Soft Start is developed for pump, fan, compressor, blower, crusher, mill, mixer, and saw applications.
TSA Soft Start
The Emotron TSA Soft Start takes motor control to a whole new level. Soft torque starting, intelligent load monitoring, and smart stops are all included and accompanied by a robust and compact design. The TSA is developed for pump, fan, compressor, blower, crusher, conveyor, mill, mixer, and saw applications.
Pre-configured Control Panels
Pre-configured Control Panels from H2flow take motor control to a much higher level. With the integration of quality products from Emotron, LG, and other premium manufacturers, motor driven equipment such as pumps, conveyors, compressors, blowers, mixers, aerators, sawmills, and machine tools, can operate more efficiently.
Progress Through Innovation™


text:
This is Let's Fish! Hooked On, a new game for the Vita that lets you play as anime guys and gals who like to go fishing.
Out on January 29 for $US19.99, Let's Fish! was developed by Japanese studio SIMS, one of the companies behind SEGA Bass Fishing and Ape Escape, among other games. Here's Sean Walsh, of publisher Wired Productions, describing the game:
Combining realistic fishing action with fast arcade style game play using the PS Vita touchscreen, Let's Fish! Hooked On comes with a full story mode and aims to make fishing fun for everyone. Choosing between four different anime-styled characters, each with their own story line and unique abilities, players are challenged to improve their skills by competing in a host of progressively difficult tournaments in their bid to win the World Tour.
The game, which has been developed by the team behind SEGA Bass Fishing and Ape Escape (PSP), is split into four different game modes, World Tour, with its character-driven story line; Challenge, for quick short-bursts of fishing action; Training, to help develop your skills; and Underwater Mode, which lets you view your prized catches. All modes are designed to make use of PS Vita's fantastic features. There are also online rankings and Trophies to collect, including the prestigious Platinum Trophy.
System seller? System seller.


text:
ROCKLEDGE, FL - Health First Health Plans has announced two key promotions, including:
Jennifer Brady, MD, has been named Vice President/Medical Director of Clinical Services at Health First Health Plans (HFHP). In 2003, Dr. Brady joined Health First Physicians in Palm Bay, and came to HFHP last year as an Associate Medical Director. Sharing clinical responsibilities with Vice President/Medical Director Miguel Fernandez, MD, Dr. Brady will now provide leadership for Quality Management, Medical Management, and Medical Policy. A Board-certified Internal Medicine specialist, Dr. Brady earned her medical degree at Wright State University School of Medicine in Dayton, Ohio, and served an internship and residency at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons/St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital in New York, New York.
Robin Pittman has been named as Vice President of Operations. With HFHP for nine years, she has held several key roles in the Billing, Enrollment, and IT Departments. Most recently, Pittman served as Director of Claims and Business Processes. "Robin's experience, attention to detail, and thoughtful decision-making make her a welcome addition to our executive team," said Margaret Haney, Interim President/CEO for HFHP. Pittman earned her Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from the University of Central Florida.
Health First Health Plans currently has 59,600 members, including 23,000 Medicare members. Serving residents of Brevard County and part of Sebastian in Indian River County for 14 years, Health First Health Plans is a part of the Health First family of healthcare services that also includes three not-for-profit hospitals - Cape Canaveral Hospital, Holmes Regional Medical Center, Palm Bay Hospital - as well as Health First Physicians, with more than 30 locations in Brevard County. For more information, visit www.HealthFirstHealthPlans.org or call 321.434.5665.


text:
Photo Challenge: Famous Places
There are places in the world that are captured in postcards, movies, and by the crowds of people sporting cameras around their necks. When a photographer visits a well known location, they challenge themselves to capture that location from a fresh perspective. For this photo challenge, show us your perspective of a place that is a popular photography destination.
RSS for photos in Photo Challenge: Famous Places


text:
J.C. Penney Corporation, Inc., American retail company, founded in 1902 by James Cash Penney and today engaged in marketing apparel, home furnishings, jewelry, cosmetics, and cookware. The company was called J.C. Penney Stores Company from 1913 to 1924, when it was reincorporated as J.C. Penney Co. Its present name was adopted in 1968. In the early 21st century the company operated roughly 1,000 stores in the United States and Puerto Rico. Headquarters are in Plano, Texas.
On April 14, 1902, founder Penney and two partners opened the Golden Rule dry-goods store in the small town of Kemmerer, Wyoming. During the following two years they opened stores in two other Wyoming frontier towns. In 1907 Penney bought out his original partners and took on new ones, beginning with Earl Corder Sams (president of the company from 1914 to 1946). When the firm was incorporated on January 17, 1913, as the J.C. Penney Stores Company, there were 34 stores in the American West. The following year the company's headquarters were moved to New York City. In 1927 J.C. Penney Co. became a publicly traded corporation listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and by 1929 it had increased the number of its stores to 1,392.
Penney retired in 1946, taking the title of honorary chairman, but his conservative policies remained influential for at least another decade. (For example, for many years, any employee known to use tobacco or liquor, even privately, was discharged.) In 1958 the firm's traditional policy of strict cash-and-carry, long advocated by Penney as a means of protecting his customers from burdensome debt, gave way to selling on credit with the help of store credit cards. In addition, the company's emphasis on apparel and notions was soon broadened to include a more-complete range of hard and soft goods and more-fashionable merchandise. Such diversification allowed J.C. Penney to compete more directly with other national department stores, particularly Sears, Roebuck and Co. and Montgomery Ward & Co. As well, those companies' success with mail-order sales encouraged J.C. Penney to enter the catalog field by acquiring the General Merchandise Co. in 1962. The first Penney Catalog was issued the following year.
Overseas operations began in 1968–69, when it acquired Sarma, SA, a Belgian retail chain; and in 1971 it inaugurated stores in Italy under the name J.C. Penney, SpA. In 1988 the firm relocated its headquarters from New York City to Plano, Texas, near Dallas. J.C. Penney opened stores in Mexico and Chile in 1995. It closed its international merchandising division in 2003.
In 2006 the company announced a partnership with Sephora, a cosmetics chain, to open Sephora outlets inside select J.C. Penney stores. In 2008 it launched the American Living brand, a line of clothing, accessories, and home decor developed by the American fashion designer Ralph Lauren. Later brand additions include Linden Street home furnishings and several clothing lines for juniors and young men, notably Fabulosity, by American fashion designer Kimora Lee Simmons. A significant percentage of J.C. Penney's revenue was from online purchases by the 2010s, and the company discontinued its catalog sales.


text:
"Haleiwa Collage" Limited Edition Giclee
"Haleiwa Collage" Limited Edition Giclee
from 425.00
20" x 30" x 1.5"
Limited Edition Gallery Wrapped Giclee on Canvas
Limited Edition 1/20
Signed, Numbered and Titled by Welzie
"Haleiwa Collage"
Our fine art Giclee reproductions use the highest quality archival inks and the most current printing techniques to ensure vibrant and happy colors. These fine art prints are UV Resistant and small edition sizes ensure maximum value.
What is a Giclee? A Giclee means highest quality print available. Using Hight quality inks lasting over 75 years and fine art canvas ensure a quality reproduction.
Gallery Wrapped Edge: The image is wrapped around the edge of the frame making your new Welzie art piece hang directly on the wall without a frame.
FREE SHIPPING within the U.S.
Limited Edition Giclee 1/20:
Artist Proof 1/5:
Only 2 available
Only 2 available
Only 1 available
Only 1 available
Add To Cart