text:
In which issues concerning the profession of philosophy are
bitched griped about
Friday, June 5, 2009
I'm as mad as hell, and I'm not going to take it anymore!
But--and I mean this in sympathetic, unchallenging way--I don't see what choice we have. If every journal is terrible, what alternative to tolerating their behavior do we have? Short of not publishing at all, I mean.
I guess the journals wiki is a start, but is it having an impact? Are journals allowing the wiki to affect their editorial procedures?
--Mr. Zero
P.S. It was also suggested that journals should charge authors for submitting articles. I think this would be a terrible idea. I agree that such a plan would definitely cut down on the number of submissions. However, I don't see why it would cut down on bad submissions; it would cut down on submissions from the non-wealthy.
15 comments:
- Soon-to-be Jaded Dissertator said...
I like the idea of protesting by not publishing. I've already been in on that action for quite a few years.
- June 5, 2009 at 7:53 AM
If every journal is terrible...
Zero, do you really believe that every philosophy journal is terrible? That strikes me as wrong, and actually kind of silly -- it comes off, to me, as grumpy and complaining rather than serious.
I know, Mind has serious problems, and probably there are a few bad experiences people have had with a few other journals, but I think many are very good. (Nous, Ethics, Australasian J Phil are a few examples.)
If I'm right, then it's counterproductive to lump all of them together. Be discriminating in which ones you submit to and which you'll referee for, and you'll be doing your part to make things better.
- June 5, 2009 at 8:53 AM
I think we have some sort of choice since not all journals are equally bad. I personally pay attention to the journal wiki and only send papers to journals with better turn around times. If everyone did this sort of thing I can imagine the situation improving somewhat (journals with terrible practices would receive fewer submissions and hopefully recognize that the quality of their publication would suffer unless they got their act together). If things do improve, though, I'd guess that the change is going to take a long, long time.
- June 5, 2009 at 9:27 AM
- ADHR said...
The other option is for the more prominent members of the profession to publicly out certain journals and refuse to support them with publications. Unless such journals were willing to alter their behaviour, they'd have to sit back and watch their reputations slide slowly down.
- June 5, 2009 at 11:27 AM
Yeah, the big-name senior people in the profession need to step up here. I'm surprised Mind is still getting the support that it does. I'm happy that Philosophers' Imprint is doing so well. I think that means there's hope.
But the change needs to come from both ends (i.e. new [or modified existing] quick and open-access journals, but also boycotting of especially crappy journals that don't change). The senior people need to realize that it's not reasonable to expect the junior people trying to get tenured to do all this. They can't afford to boycott many of the big journals.
But, frankly, I think everyone can afford boycotting Mind. There are plenty of other big name journals people could publish in.
- June 5, 2009 at 12:00 PM
- Mr. Zero said...
do you really believe that every philosophy journal is terrible?
Some are obviously better than others. But my understanding is that leading journals in other fields measure turnaround time in terms of weeks, not months. The Leiter commenter whose sentiments I am echoing, Roger Albin, was specifically talking about Nous (et al.). Though it isn't a particularly irresponsible philosophy journal, that's just because philosophy journals are, as a group, particularly irresponsible.
I'm not trying to be some old-man-grumpus. But it seems to me that the standard turn-around time is way, way too long, and I'd like to do something about it, and i don't know what.
- June 5, 2009 at 12:19 PM
It might help if grad students stopped submitting every piece of shit seminar paper they write.
I suspect that it might also help if editors handed submissions to refs that weren't functionally retarded.
Lessening the amount of stupidity on both ends would work wonders.
- June 5, 2009 at 12:52 PM
I'm very skeptical that other fields have a dramatically faster turn-around time. Ask around. (I mainly agree with Mark Schroeder's comments in that Leiter thread.)
I think most of the lengthy waits have a lot to do with irresponsible referees. Boycotting won't change that. One way to cut down on the turn-around time would be to have no referee comments, but personally I don't think the gain would be worth the costs... though I should say I'm tenured, and I realize speed is more important when your tenure review lurks.
- June 5, 2009 at 1:07 PM
For those who enjoy grousing, a few weeks back we had a lengthy thread on some of these issues at the Garden of Forking Paths. The discussion can be found here:
- June 5, 2009 at 1:26 PM
I think the fast turn around time of other fields has been somewhat exaggerated. I have done some work in visual perception and our normal journals (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Perception and Performance, Vision Research, The Journal of Vision) often have turn-around times of several months. Journals seem far less stratified (for quality) in psychology than in philosophy, so I would consider these the "leading journals" in vision. It is true that the very top journals that get interdisciplinary attention, such as Nature, are known for extremely short turn-around times but they are exceptions. In fact, it is common for researchers to send off a paper to Nature because when their rejection comes in a couple weeks they can then send it to one of the "normal" journals where it will take months for a response.
- June 5, 2009 at 10:20 PM
Re: graduate students submitting poor papers.
Agreed. Graduate students seemingly submit everything that they write. However, one reason they do this is because they do not know what the criteria are by which an essay is 'journal-worthy'. Faculty should be playing a much more involved role in this process before the papers get submitted. Also, many SC's in the profession now expect candidates to be published - in 'top' journals - before they have defended their dissertations. There has become such a focus on publishing at such an early stage of one's academic development, which often leads to the "keep throwing things at the wall until something sticks" mentality among graduate students. Most of them start going a bit mad, especially when preparing for the market, and so there is a desperate rush to get SOMETHING... anything... published. It's not a good idea at all, and I definitely do not blame the journals. Most likely this has to do with lack of professional advising on the part of faculty.
- June 6, 2009 at 4:49 AM
I wonder if Mind isn't improving. They took a while to get me comments, but they comments were thoughtful and they gave me the chance to revise and resubmit. Someone put J Phil down as one of the good ones. They took 17 months to respond to me. (They responded with an acceptance, but I got lucky.)
Some journals (e.g., PPR, Nous, Phil Studies) tend to get me back comments quickly (6 months or less as a rule) but the comments tend to be very bad. They tend to be either incompetent or show that they are written by people highly motivated to find reasons to reject when, in my opinion, these are at best reasons to ask for revision or clarification.
- June 6, 2009 at 7:03 AM
One thing I can never see happening is the editor(s) of a given journal suddenly realizing that their submission quality has plummeted due to a bad reputation. There are enough good philosophy papers out there that even if submissions to Mind* dropped by 1/3 in 2010, the issues they publish that year probably wouldn't be appreciably different in overall quality from the issues from 2000. It's not like the editors of Mind would suddenly look at the 2010 issues of Phil Imprint and say "wow--we really got scooped there!" Maybe that could happen over decades, but it doesn't seem realistic in any short term scenario.
Also, speaking as a selfish bastard, if I knew people were informally boycotting Mind, I'd be pretty likely to send them something. Horreo vacui! (My hypothetical paper would be on game theory or the prisoner's dilemma or something like that).
*Sorry to pick on Mind--it's just b/c everyone else already does.
- June 6, 2009 at 1:50 PM
"It's not like the editors of Mind would suddenly look at the 2010 issues of Phil Imprint and say 'wow--we really got scooped there!'"
That doesn't sound at all crazy to me. I can imagine the editors of Mind (or J Phil, or Phil Review) recognizing that all the best papers are coming out in other journals, and then deducing that philosophers must be sending their best work to other journals first. For instance, the editors might wonder why Nous and Phil Imprint (say) are dominating the Philosopher's Annual while their publication is being shut out.
- June 6, 2009 at 2:37 PM
- Istvan Aranyosi said...
I would like to second Mark Schroeder, who says "I will never in my life submit a paper to JPhil again" The day after tomorrow will be a whole month since I submitted a "comments and criticism" piece to the Journal of Philosophy, without the journal even acknowledging receipt. They also do not reply to my emails (one sent to the managing editor, one sent to one of my acquaintances from the editorial board). Why they behave like this I have no idea, but I find it part of the minimal courtesy required by the notion of a civilized, international, and professional journal to acknowledge receipt. And it does not require any effort at all, except an automated message, of the form "dear author, we acknowledge the receipt of your manuscript, bla bla…". That's why if they send me an acknowledgment email now, it does not change anything in what any reasonable person's opinion is about this case. They should have done it in 3 days, or 7, or 14 at most! If they send it now, it's ridiculous. There is no credible excuse.
As I was born and raised in a Communist country, Romania, this kind of bad manners don't surprise me, in general, because they were, and still are, unfortunately, part of the authoritarian mentality, where the public servant, for instance, is neither public (you need someone who knows him/her if you want anything that is your right to receive), nor a servant (unaccountable, with a superiority complex, etc.). But why does such behavior occur in a journal like this? And what am I supposed to do? Send the paper to some other journal? It looks as though the general rule is that paper should not be under consideration elsewhere. Tell J. Phil first that I pull the paper out? There is complete silence at their end. Just wait? It's outrageous and humiliating!
It is the journals who should serve the authors and the readers, and not the other way round (if the journal is unable to serve its public and its authors, it should go out of existence, just like any other company, for-profit or not), but it looks as though this is very hard to for both journals and authors (who keep silent about such things, and do not make them public) to admit and act on it.
- June 11, 2009 at 8:31 AM


text: Rami al-Sayed with his daughter Maryam. @NMSyria hide caption toggle caption @NMSyria The Two-Way Rami Al-Sayed, Syrian Citizen Journalist, Is Killed During Attack On Homs February 21, 2012 Al-Sayed was live-streaming the shelling of Homs when all of a sudden the stream went quiet. The last video posted to al-Sayed's Youtube page was of his body in a makeshift hospital.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
I was directed to this page a while ago by some random twitter/blog, when i tried to find it again i couldnt, to the point that i thought maybe it was just a bad dream, honestly...
It contains the password to my router at home, as well as loads of other sites that are nothing to do with google, that have been sniffed by chrome...
enough is enough
and even if it had been a weird nightmare, that was sufficient mental turbulence to inspire me to start getting my shit off google. Who of course also run my mobile phone.
I also read a blog by a guy who tried to delete google pics, only to find that they were still publishing photos from his phone insecurely online http://www.theverge.com/2015/7/14/89...ter-delete-app
I already use https://duckduckgo.com/ for searching, tho it's less featured than google, and use incognito browsing when i don't want to be tracked,
I guess i'll need to keep a google account as it's pretty impossible to use android without it,
give me more tips, anecdotes please


text: With the stressful Brangelina Oscar face-off done with and devoted boyfriend John Mayer in her corner, Jennifer Aniston has reason to be glowing. But at the UK premiere of Marley & Me last night, it wasn't just her flawless complexion that drew admiration; as always, her signature silky strands were mesmerizing. A longtime fan of Davines , Aniston is known to use Dede Delicate Ritual Shampoo and Dede Delicate Replenishing Leave-In Mist on her covetable coif. New from Davines and perfect for those with highlighted locks like Aniston: the Glorifying Hair Care System, a collection of products made specifically for colored, bleached, and highlighted hair.


text:
NEW HAVEN, Conn. – This Sunday, Feb. 21, the Yale
men's fencing team will head up to Ithaca, N.Y., where
Cornell will host the first half of the Ivy League Championships.
Competition will begin at 11 a.m. and Yale will fence Columbia,
Harvard, Penn and Princeton. The championships are a two-day event,
and the second half will take place the following Sunday, hosted by
Penn in Philadelphia. The Bulldogs head into Ivy competition with
an 11-2 dual-meet record. The team will leave for Ithaca Saturday
at noon bringing 16 fencers along for the competition.
"This tournament is what we have been working towards all season," said captain Andrew Holbrook. "Everyone has been putting in phenomenal effort at practice and we have become a better team for it. We have tremendous confidence in each other and the
fact that this weekend, everyone will perform their best. We have one goal: to win the Ivy League. I believe we can do it and every member of this team does also."
The Bulldogs will be the only team to fence four opponents on Sunday, leaving only Brown for the following weekend at Penn. All other teams receive a bye, during one of the four timeslots scheduled for competition. However, Holbrook is undaunted by Yale's demanding schedule.
"Some may look at the fact that we face four schools on the first day as a disadvantage," he said. "I actually think it will work to our advantage and help us to establish a positive momentum and energy. Many of the team's best performances have come during long days and this weekend will be no exception."
At last year's Ivy Championships, Yale finished in fourth place, with a 1-4 Ivy record. The Elis' only victory came against Harvard in the first day of competition. They fell in a close match against Princeton, and also lost to Penn, Columbia and Brown. Yale finished behind Penn, Columbia and Princeton—tied with Harvard and Brown for fourth place.
This year, the Bulldogs are looking to improve on last year's performance. Though they have lost the services of last year's captain, epeeist Michael Pearce '09, the Elis have improved the overall strength of their team. The freshman class has been particularly pivotal in shoring up the Yale saber squad. Junior Olympian Nathaniel Benzimra, Colin Mills and William Zhao have each made important contributions to the Bulldog saber squad. Additionally, the Yale foil squad, which has proven itself as the best in the nation for the past two years running by winning the Little Iron Man trophy, has continued to perform as such this season. The foil squad has incredible depth, with seven competent foilists that can each fence at any time.
"This is without a doubt the strongest men's fencing team that Yale has put together in at least ten years," said Holbrook. "However, the rest of the Ivy League has improved as well, so we have our work cut out for us."
With its improved and well-rounded team, Yale hopes to make an impact and compete for the Ivy League title this year.
Full Schedule
11:00 Yale v. Columbia
1:15 Yale v. Harvard
3:00 Yale v. Penn
4:45 Yale v. Princeton
Live Results
Report by Arsi Sefaj '11, Yale Sports Publicity


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text:
Cstreet necesitaba un nuevo diseño de banner publicitario y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
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text:
LAGOS, Nigeria (AP) -- As night falls across Nigeria, men fan the flames of charcoal grills by candlelight or under naked light bulbs, the smoke rising in the air with the smell of spices and cooking meat.
Despite the sometimes intense diversity of faith and ethnicity in this nation of 160 million people, that thinly sliced meat -- called suya -- is eaten everywhere. By everyone. Whether from an open-air pit in the country's Muslim north or a roadside stand in its Christian south, the food remains cheap enough for most to afford in a nation where the majority earn less than $2 a day.
And for a foreign journalist who logs so much time on the road, suya remains my favorite dinner while traveling. I used to never like spicy food, but living in Nigeria forces one to make peace with a constant burning of the tongue. Some of the best can be found in the north, where much of the spice rub used to season suya -- a blend of ground peanuts and red pepper -- is made and shipped nationwide.
I've eaten succulent beef cubes, lightly seasoned, from the Bauchi Club in Bauchi, the capital of Bauchi state. I ate the best ram meat while spending days in Katsina covering the 2011 election, enjoying it underneath the bright stars of the Sahel. In Lagos, Nigeria's megacity in its southwest, I routinely stop by the Community Club on Ikoyi Island for a few sticks of beef suya, cutting the heat of the dry rub with a beer or two after work.
Suya typically costs around 200 naira ($1.25) a stick and can be made with beef and chicken cuts, as well as bits of kidney, liver and gizzard. An enterprising restaurant on Victoria Island in Lagos called Pizze-Riah offers it as a pizza topping.
At the Super Suya Spot in Surulere, a neighborhood in Lagos, manager Salisu Adamu says people from London and the U.S. buy his suya to take back home. Those eating it locally line up at the window of his store, ordering sticks already made and held inside a glass box, a single light bulb hanging precariously above for people to see what they're buying. Stacks of old newspapers sit nearby to bundle the suya to go.
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The food sells itself, Adamu says in the Hausa language of Nigeria's north.
"Whoever has money will come and buy suya," he says.
And as the sign at one of his locations says: "When men eat suya, they find it easy to meet women. Women stand men after suya."
Powdered peanut butter is available in natural foods stores and online. If you have trouble finding it, substitute ground peanuts. To grind them, pulse them in a food processor until they resemble a fine meal. Be careful not to overgrind and produce peanut butter.
Start to finish: 2 hours (30 minutes active)
Servings: 6
1/2 cup powdered peanut butter
2 teaspoons sweet paprika
2 teaspoons ground dry ginger
Kosher salt
1 teaspoon garlic powder
1 teaspoon onion powder
1/2 teaspoon cayenne
2 pounds sirloin steak
[1/4] cup peanut oil
1 large tomato
1/2 small yellow onion
1 medium cucumber, peeled and seeded
1 tablespoon cider vinegar
Ground black pepper
Set an oven-safe wire rack over a rimmed baking sheet. Coat the rack with cooking spray.
In a wide, shallow bowl, mix together the powdered peanut butter, paprika, ginger, 2 teaspoons of salt, garlic powder, onion powder and cayenne. Set aside 2 tablespoons of the mixture.
Using a very sharp knife, cut the steak into thin slices no more than [1/4] inch thick. Thread the steak onto wooden skewers.
Using a pastry brush, lightly brushed the sliced steak on both sides with peanut oil. One at a time, place each skewer over the bowl of seasoning mixture and press it onto the meat; it should be thick and almost paste-like. Arrange the coated steak on the prepared rack.
Cover the steak loosely with plastic wrap and let sit at room temperature for 30 minutes. Meanwhile, heat the oven to 300 F.
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Meanwhile, dice the tomato, onion and cucumber, then combine in a medium bowl. Add the vinegar, toss, then season with salt and pepper. Set aside.
Remove the pan from the oven and increase heat to 400 F. Brush the steak on both sides with a bit more oil. When the oven is at temperature, roast for another 5 minutes.
Sprinkle the steak with the reserved 2 tablespoons of seasoning mixture. Serve the steak with the tomato-onion mixture.
Nutrition information per serving: 390 calories; 220 calories from fat (56 percent of total calories); 25 g fat (7 g saturated; 0 g trans fats); 110 mg cholesterol; 8 g carbohydrate; 2 g fiber; 3 g sugar; 35 g protein; 860 mg sodium.
(Recipe by AP Food Editor J.M. Hirsch, who tweets at https://twitter.com/JM--Hirsch )
Associated Press writer Sunday Alamba contributed to this report.
Jon Gambrell can be reached at https://twitter.com/jongambrellAP .


text:
New research has revealed that over 15 million Brits were never formally taught about how to manage their money but wished they had been.
The study, by UK savings organisation NS&I, into Britain's financial education and capability shows that over half of those questioned (52 per cent) feel out of their depth when it comes to managing money on a day-to-day basis and have never received formal financial education of any kind but would like to have done.
Around a third (36 per cent) of those who feel confident managing their money day-to-day but not for the long term also never received financial education of any kind but wished they had.
Over seven million Britons confessed to not having any savings at all and 52 per cent of these say they never received any formal financial education, as well as 58 per cent of those who do not save any money month on month.
Of those who have received formal financial education only just over a third (36 per cent) say they got advice about the importance of saving money.
Jill Waters, retail director at NS&I, said: "Our research illustrates millions of us may be struggling without a basic knowledge of money, savings and how to plan for different life stages. "Getting a good understanding of personal finance will help people make more informed decisions."
"We'd always suggest to people to do their research when it comes to making a financial decision, speak to a trusted adviser if appropriate and choose a product that best suits your needs. Having a savings pot easily accessible is a good way to cope financially should an emergency occur."
What we need to learn
Encouragingly, it's budgeting, saving, and planning for retirement that the public believe are the most important aspects of financial management.
At the other end of the scale, however, it appears that most Britons think that handling redundancy, understanding benefits entitlements and making a will are the least important aspects of financial education.


text:
June 6, 2012, 8:41 pm
NCAA Football 13 demo now available on Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3
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NCAA Football 13, which will be available July 10, is available for pre-order and will have an MSRP of $59.99.
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text:
by Zev Lowe, KF 8 Indonesia
Last Friday, suicide bombers attacked two major hotels in Jakarta — the Ritz Carlton and the Marriott. The group probably responsible for the two Bali bombings – the first in 2002 and the second in 2005 – is suspected to have carried out this recent attack in Jakarta. Bali is about 600 miles and several bodies of water away from Jakarta, so we didn't feel the physical impact of the blasts. But the terrorist attacks in Jakarta brought back painful memories here in Bali.
The first time the Bali bombings came up in conversation for me, it was when I was interviewing a borrower, Pak (Mr.) I Putu Agus Sumerta. Pak Herman, a DINARI loan officer, introduced Agus to me as a victim of the 2nd Bali bombing.
I immediately assumed that he had been injured in the blast, but it turned out he was working in a hotel in the capital city of Denpasar at the time, nowhere near the beaches of Kuta and Jimbaran where the bombs went off. When I expressed my confusion, Agus and Herman explained that for most people in Bali, the most lasting negative consequence of the bombings was economic. Tourists were driven off the island and even regular visitors didn't come back for years. Agus' hotel was forced to close, and he was forced to return to his village of Melaya.
Over the next few weeks, I heard many similar stories. Pak Zeruya, DINARI's Kiva Coordinator, also used to work in a hotel and restaurant, but the bombing drove him back to his village. He described a massive influx of young people losing their tourism-related jobs and going back to their villages, which didn't have enough nearly enough work to support them and their families.
DINARI and Kiva played an important role for many of these people, giving them the capital to start their own businesses. Tailoring is a profession that has been in Agus' family for generations, handed down from parent to child. He had learned to sew as a young boy. He found out that he could get a loan through DINARI from his mother, who had previously been part of a group of women who borrowed funds to raise and sell pigs. That was all the impetus he needed, and soon he had set up shop with an old sewing machine, and started taking orders from neighbours and friends who needed new uniforms for work and clothes to wear for Balinese Hindu ceremonies.
Pak Agus is still a DINARI client. He dreams of having a bigger shop, and he is working nights as a bartender to save up towards that dream. If at some point he needs still more capital, he can borrow more money once he's paid off his current loan.
But that's not how most disaster relief aid works. DINARI recently received a visit from a non-profit that did a ton of good work right after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, going into areas that had been badly affected by the tsunami and building schools to help children get a better education. I was amazed at all that they had accomplished and moved by their dedication. But how many people do you know who are still donating money to tsunami victims today?
Now, the funds available to maintain the projects that were started with the best of intentions 5 years ago are drying up. Can you imagine having to shut down a kindergarten, or a local clinic, after the community you serve has gotten used to those services?
Is this where microfinance can help with a sustainable form of disaster relief? DINARI would like to work with the tsunami relief organization to see how a community can run several businesses in a profit-sharing model that helps fund local schools. This is an ambitious project that requires more than just giving loans — in addition to teaching bookkeeping and basic business skills, DINARI will have to foster a sense of independence, responsibility and entrepreneurship in every client who participates. I believe in the work they're doing and I have confidence that they will bring positive change to the communities they work with.
Meanwhile, Bloomberg reports that the International Crisis Group does not expect the Jakarta bombings to create a crisis in Indonesia. Today, Pak Zeruya lamented how the Manchester United game in Jakarta was cancelled regardless. I agreed with him, and added that the terrorists count on causing exactly that kind of disruption.
"Maybe Manchester United will come to Bali instead," he said, with a cheeky smile. With the local economy so dependent on tourists, I could already imagine the jobs created by such an event — hotels full, restaurants packed, tour guides busy, rental cars booked, boat captains taking large groups out to sea for snorkeling and dolphin hunting trips, more orders for craftspeople, weavers and artists, and farmers and livestock breeders struggling to keep up with demand. While I continue to be shocked and saddened by the news of the Jakarta bombings, I am encouraged by the idea that microfinance can provide a relatively sustainable helping hand to the economic casualties of terrorism and natural disasters. Though Manchester United is not likely to make a surprise trip to Bali, and though the impact of tourism on Bali is both positive and negative, I hope tourists continue to visit, creating demand for the goods and services provided by Kiva borrowers and funded by you.
Zev Lowe is a Kiva Fellow in Bali, Indonesia, working with DINARI Foundation. He grieves for the victims of last Friday's Jakarta attacks, as well as those of the two Bali bombings in 2002 and 2005. He would like the survivors to have what they need to rebuild economically and emotionally. Follow Zev on Twitter, or read his blog here./>


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The Contemporary A cappella Society (CASA) is a 501(c)3 nonprofit, membership-driven organization. In our efforts to foster and promote contemporary a cappella music around the world, we have partnered with numerous vendors for discounts, gathered and digitized a wide range of educational resources and materials, and introduced unique member-only privileges and opportunities as part of our benefits package for all CASA members.
Whether you are an individual singer, group member, avid a cappella fan, and/or devoted educator, CASA has membership offerings that will be helpful to you as you share and spread your love of vocal music:
The high-level information is below. Click on a specific membership level to see the complete list of privileges, resources, and discounts.
Privileges: From expanded access to our website to voting and judging opportunities in our A cappella Community Awards (ACAs) and Contemporary A cappella Recording Awards (CARAs) to a FREE download of our incredible Sing compilation every year, the perks of being a CASA member allow singers and fans alike to listen, learn, and know more about a cappella, our organization, and the rich, rapid growth of vocal music around the world.
Resources: Are you an a cappella or vocal music educator? A seasoned group director? Or perhaps you just joined your very first a cappella group? Become a member and let CASA be your one-stop shop as you develop in the areas of vocal technique, live performance, recording and album production, group management, and much more. Sign up for our Tunes To Teens outreach program, visit our A Cappella Originals Library to listen to a lecture at the CASAcademy, and kick your a cappella growth into high gear!
Discounts: CASA partners with vendors all around the country to offer tangible financial incentives for individuals and groups to become members of our organization. You can receive discounts on studio album production, web and print design, arranging services, web hosting, and CD duplication. CASA also offers discounted admission to its festivals around the country and two top-notch recording seminars: "Soup To Nuts" and "A cappella Boot Camp". For these reasons, CASA membership will not only make your group better through education resources and privileges but SAVE YOU MONEY on a yearly basis for making your own investments into the offerings of our organization and partners.
For a full list of discounts, please visit our Membership Discounts page.
The pricing structure for CASA membership is as follows:
Individual membership - $35/year
General group membership - $30/year (per member)
CAL group membership - $25/year (per member)
Professional membership - $50/year (per member)
Full groups who sign up for membership receive additional discounts and resources not available to individuals. CAL groups (http://www.casa.org/league) also receive these benefits, as well as several extra perks for being part of CASA's expanding network of organization-affiliated a cappella groups.
To purchase an individual CASA membership, please click here.
If you would like to purchase a CASA group membership, click here.
If you would like to purchase a CAL group membership, click here.
If you would like to purchase a Professional membership, click here.
CASA is always looking to expand its membership offerings to individuals and groups alike. If you have questions about CASA membership, suggestions for potential membership benefits, or are interested in having your business partner with CASA to offer discounts/incentives, please email CASA's Membership Director, Zakk Wooten: email@example.com.


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Family Law, Estate Planning, Bankruptcy and Criminal Defense Attorneys
Protecting the interests of Colorado families is the priority of The Pearman Law Firm. We are lawyers who handle a wide range of legal issues affecting families such as divorce, adoption, estate planning, bankruptcy, business transactions. We represent clients in Wheat Ridge, Lakewood, Arvada and other communities in the Denver metropolitan area.
We often represent people who are in the middle of a family or personal crisis. We understand that the legal issue that brings you to our office is important and could affect your finances and relationships for the rest of your life. As your attorneys, we will do everything we can to help you obtain the best outcome possible under Colorado law.
Compassionate Colorado Lawyers
Many people feel intimidated by the legal process. You may be concerned about how the outcome of your case will affect you now and in the future. You may also be concerned about legal costs.
Our lawyers speak plain English. We will explain the law clearly so you will understand your options. We will give you the pros and cons of each possible course of action so you can make good decisions.
For many types of legal services, such as estate planning, we offer flat fees. For services where we charge hourly fees, such as divorce, we offer a clear understanding of how those fees are determined upfront so you can be strategic and avoid wasteful conflict with the other side.
Learn more about our law firm.
Learn more about attorney fees.
Free Initial Phone Consultations
For more information about the legal services we provide or to talk to a lawyer at The Pearman Law Firm, call 720-259-9528 for a free initial phone consultation. We speak Spanish, Hablamos Español.
Free Resources: This website offers a number of free resources, including information about parenting, answers to frequently asked questions, and PowerPoint slides that show how a family law or criminal case may proceed through court.
We are a debt relief agency. We help people file for bankruptcy relief under the Bankruptcy Code.


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Clement-Jones family - Person Sheet
Clement-Jones family - Person Sheet
Sir Rowland HILL FRS KCB
, 10104
Thomas Wright HILL
, 10100 (1763-1851)
Sarah LEA
, 10101
Caroline PEARSON
, 10107
, 10125
Clara Pearson
, 10126
Louisa Mary
, 10127
Eleanor Caroline
, 10128
Notes for Sir Rowland HILL FRS KCB
Sir Rowland Hill KCB, FRS (3 December 1795 – 27 August 1879) was an English teacher, inventor and social reformer. He campaigned for a comprehensive reform of the postal system, based on the concept of penny postage and his solution of prepayment, facilitating the safe, speedy and cheap transfer of letters. Hill later served as a government postal official, and he is usually credited with originating the basic concepts of the modern postal service, including the invention of the postage stamp.
Earlier life
Hill was born in Blackwell Street, Kidderminster, Worcestershire, England. Rowland's father, Thomas Wright Hill, was an innovator in education and politics, including among his friends Joseph Priestley, Tom Paine and Richard Price.[1] At the age of twelve, Rowland became a student-teacher in his father's school. He taught astronomy and earned extra money fixing scientific instruments. He also worked at the Assay Office in Birmingham[2] and painted landscapes in his spare time.
Educational reform
In 1819, he moved his father's school Hill Top from central Birmingham, establishing the Hazelwood School at Edgbaston, an affluent neighbourhood of Birmingham, as an "educational refraction of Priestley's ideas".[4][5] Hazelwood was to provide a model for public education for the emerging middle classes, aiming for useful, pupil-centred education which would give sufficient knowledge, skills and understanding to allow a student to continue self-education through a life "most useful to society and most happy to himself".[6] The school, which Hill designed, included such marvels (for its time) as a science lab, a swimming pool, and forced air heating. In his Plans for the Government and Liberal Instruction of Boys in Large Numbers Drawn from Experience (1822, often cited as Public Education) he argued that kindness, instead of caning, and moral influence, rather than fear, should be the predominant forces in school discipline. Science was to be a compulsory subject, and students were to be self-governing.[3][7] Hazelwood gained international attention when French education leader and editor Marc Antoine Jullien, former secretary to Robespierre, visited and wrote about the school in the June 1823 issue of his journal Revue encyclopédique. Jullien even transferred his son there. Hazelwood so impressed Jeremy Bentham that in 1827 a branch of the school was created at Bruce Castle in Tottenham, London. In 1833, the original Hazelwood School closed and its educational system was continued at the new Bruce Castle School of which Hill was head master from 1827 until 1839.
Colonisation of South Australia
The colonisation of South Australia was a project of Edward Gibbon Wakefield, who believed that many of the social problems in Britain were caused by overcrowding and overpopulation. In 1832 Rowland Hill published a tract, entitled Home colonies : sketch of a plan for the gradual extinction of pauperism, and for the diminution of crime, based on a Dutch model.[8] Hill then served from 1833 until 1839 as secretary of the South Australian Colonization Commission, which worked successfully to establish a settlement without convicts at what is today Adelaide. The political economist, Robert Torrens was chairman of the Commission.[9] Under the South Australia Act 1834, the colony was to embody the ideals and best qualities of British society, shaped by religious freedom and a commitment to social progress and civil liberties. Rowland Hill's sister Caroline Clark, husband Francis and their large family were to migrate to South Australia in 1850.[10]
[edit]Postal reform
Rowland Hill first started to take a serious interest in postal reforms in 1835.[11] In 1836 Robert Wallace, MP, provided Hill with numerous books and documents, which Hill described as a "half hundred weight of material".[12] Hill commenced a detailed study of these documents and this led him to the publication, in early 1837, of a pamphlet entitled "Post Office Reform its Importance and Practicability". He submitted a copy of this to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Thomas Spring-Rice, on 4 January 1837.[13] This first edition was marked "private and confidential" and was not released to the general public. The Chancellor summoned Hill to a meeting during which the Chancellor suggested improvements, asked for reconsiderations and requested a supplement which Hill duly produced and supplied on 28 January 1837.
In the 1830s at least 12½% of all British mail was conveyed under the personal frank of peers, dignitaries and Members of Parliament, while censorship and political espionage were conducted by postal officials. Fundamentally, the postal system was mismanaged, wasteful, expensive and slow. It had become inadequate for the needs of an expanding commercial and industrial nation. There is a well-known story, probably apocryphal, about how Hill gained an interest in reforming the postal system; he apparently noticed a young woman too poor to redeem a letter sent to her by her fiancé. At that time, letters were normally paid for by the recipient, not the sender. The recipient could simply refuse delivery. Frauds were commonplace; for example, coded information could appear on the cover of the letter; the recipient would examine the cover to gain the information, and then refuse delivery to avoid payment. Each individual letter had to be logged. In addition, postal rates were complex, depending on the distance and the number of sheets in the letter.
Richard Cobden and John Ramsey McCulloch, both advocates of free trade, attacked the policies of privilege and protection of the Tory government. McCulloch, in 1833, advanced the view that "nothing contributes more to facilitate commerce than the safe, speedy and cheap conveyance of letters."
Hill's famous pamphlet, Post Office Reform: its Importance and Practicability, referred to above, was privately circulated in 1837. The report called for "low and uniform rates" according to weight, rather than distance. Hill's study showed that most of the costs in the postal system were not for transport, but rather for laborious handling procedures at the origins and the destinations. Costs could be reduced dramatically if postage were prepaid by the sender, the prepayment to be proven by the use of prepaid letter sheets or adhesive stamps (adhesive stamps had long been used to show payment of taxes, on documents for example). Letter sheets were to be used because envelopes were not yet common; they were not yet mass-produced, and in an era when postage was calculated partly on the basis of the number of sheets of paper used, the same sheet of paper would be folded and serve for both the message and the address. In addition, Hill proposed to lower the postage rate to a penny per half ounce, without regard to distance.
He first presented his proposal to the Government in 1837.
In the House of Lords the Postmaster, Lord Lichfield, thundered about Hill's "wild and visionary schemes." William Leader Maberly, Secretary to the Post Office, denounced Hill's study: "This plan appears to be a preposterous one, utterly unsupported by facts and resting entirely on assumption". But merchants, traders and bankers viewed the existing system as corrupt and a restraint of trade. They formed a "Mercantile Committee" to advocate for Hill's plan and pushed for its adoption. In 1839, Hill was given a two-year contract to run the new system.
The Uniform Fourpenny Post rate was introduced that lowered the cost to fourpence from 5 December 1839,[19] then to the penny rate on 10 January 1840, even before stamps or letter sheets could be printed. The volume of paid internal correspondence increased dramatically, by 120%, between November 1839 and February 1840. This initial increase resulted from the elimination of "free franking" privileges and fraud.
Prepaid letter sheets, with a design by William Mulready, were distributed in early 1840. These Mulready envelopes were not popular and were widely satirised. According to a brochure distributed by the National Postal Museum (now the British Postal Museum & Archive), the Mulready envelopes threatened the livelihoods of stationery manufacturers, who encouraged the satires. They became so unpopular that the government used them on official mail and destroyed many others.
However, as a niche commercial publishing industry for machine-printed illustrated envelopes subsequently developed in Britain and elsewhere, it is likely that it was the sentiment of the illustration that provoked the ridicule and led to their withdrawal. Indeed in the absence of examples of machine-printed illustrated envelopes prior to this it may be appropriate to recognise the Mulready envelope as a significant innovation in its own right. Machine-printed illustrated envelopes are a mainstay of the direct mail industry.
In May 1840, the world's first adhesive postage stamps were distributed. With an elegant engraving of the young Queen Victoria, the Penny Black was an immediate success. Refinements, such as perforations to ease the separating of the stamps, would be instituted with later issues.
Later life
Rowland Hill continued at the Post Office until the Conservative Party won re-election. Sir Robert Peel returned to office between 30 August 1841 and 29 June 1846. Amid rancorous controversy, Hill was dismissed in July 1842. However, the London and Brighton Railway named him a director and later chairman of the board, from 1843 to 1846. He lowered the fares from London to Brighton, expanded the routes, offered special excursion trains, and made the commute comfortable for passengers. In 1844 Edwin Chadwick, Rowland Hill, John Stuart Mill, Lyon Playfair, Dr. Neill Arnott, and other friends formed a society called "Friends in Council," which met at each other's houses to discuss questions of political economy.[20] Hill also became a member of the influential Political Economy Club, founded by David Ricardo and other classical economists, but now including many powerful businessmen and political figures.
In 1846, when the Conservatives left office, Hill became Secretary to the Postmaster General, and then Secretary to the Post Office from 1854 until 1864. For his services Hill was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1860. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society and was given an honorary degree from Oxford.
He died in Hampstead, London in 1879. Sir Rowland Hill is buried in Westminster Abbey; there is a memorial to him on his family grave in Highgate Cemetery. There are streets named after him in Hampstead (running off Haverstock Hill, down the side of The Royal Free Hospital), and Tottenham (off White Hart Lane).
Statue of Rowland Hill by Edward Onslow Ford, 1884, at King Edward Street, London
Hill's legacies are twofold: the first was his model for education of the emerging middle classes. The second was his model for an efficient postal system to serve business and the public, including the postage stamp and the system of low and uniform postal rates, which is often taken for granted in the modern world.[22] In this, he not only changed postal services around the world, but also made commerce more efficient and profitable, notwithstanding the fact that it took 30 years before the British Post Office's revenue recovered to the level it had been at in 1839. In fact the Uniform Penny Post continued in the UK into the 20th century, and at one point, one penny paid for up to four ounces.
There are three public statues of him. The first, sculpted by Sir Thomas Brock and unveiled in 1881, stands in the town of his birthplace, Kidderminster.[23] The second, by Edward Onslow Ford stands at King Edward Street, London[24] The third, less known, by Peter Hollins, used to stand in Hurst Street, Birmingham but it is currently in the Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery store.[25] A life size white marble bust by W. D. Keyworth, Jr. may be viewed in St. Paul's Chapel, Westminster Abbey.
In Kidderminster, his birthplace he plays a large part in the local community history. A Wetherspoons pub called The Penny Black is currently in the Town Centre and a large shopping mall connecting Vicar Street and Worcester Street is named after him, The Rowland Hill Shopping Centre.
At Tottenham there is now a local History Museum at Bruce Castle (where Hill lived during the 1840s) including some relevant exhibits.
The Rowland Hill Awards,[27] started by the Royal Mail and the British Philatelic Trust in 1997,[28] are annual awards for philatelic "innovation, initiative and enterprise."
In 1882, the Post Office instituted the Rowland Hill Fund for postal workers, pensioners and dependants in need.[29]
Last Modified 22 Aug 2012
Created 6 Jan 2019 using Reunion for Macintosh


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Two Options for Decorating Your Food Truck
You have a couple of options for the exterior decoration of your food truck. You can have your truck either wrapped in vinyl or painted:
Wrapping your truck in vinyl: The most common industry practice is wrapping the truck in vinyl because of the unique nature of this medium partnered with eye-catching designs. Marketing studies have supported that vehicle wraps are actually read and remembered better than any other form of advertising, except TV ads.
Vehicle wraps look great for years, depending on weather exposure and how well you take care of the wrap. Although vinyl manufacturers guarantee the material for five to ten years, the actual life span of a vehicle wrap will be considerably less.
In addition, wraps that stay on vehicles longer than three years tend to bond more strongly to the surface and make wrap removal more time consuming. A decent wrap will cost between $3,000 and $5,000.
If you operate in a city with buildings taller than three or four stories, consider wrapping the top of your truck. Think about what people on the upper floors looking outside their windows will see when you drive through or park in these areas. In most cases, they'll see a blank white truck top, with nothing differentiating you from the local delivery truck.
But if your roof is branded and includes your contact information, they may just make the choice to come downstairs and place an order.
Painting your truck: Paint is another, although less common, option for adding graphics to your truck and is about half the price of most full vehicle wraps. The downside to paint is that unless you invest even more in a professional painter, you can't get the same quality and detail in smaller painted graphics. Your investment is about $1,000 to $3,000 for the paint option.
Don't attempt to paint your vehicle yourself unless you have experience in truck painting. Not only do you risk spending a lot of time and money to do the painting yourself, but you also risk the chance of doing a poor job and having to get the painting redone by a professional — and coughing up even more money.
If you choose to have the main body of your truck painted, you can still install a partial wrap that features your logo and contact information.


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User:Michelle2 Zenovka/cmake
How to build the viewer with cmake
This page represents some notes of mine for building the viewer via cmake. The process under linux is trivial but under windows it is slightly more involved (but not really that bad at all). If you've only ever been used to starting with a Visual Studio project file then the cmake steps may seem a little strange at first but its a great system for ensuring that radically different build environments start from the same "control" files.
Prerequisites for windows
- cmake (well duh!)
- Python
- bison and flex (from cygwin)
- DirectX SDK (Microsoft DirectX SDK (November 2007))
- Quicktime SDK
- openssl SDK
Get cmake from http://www.cmake.org/HTML/Download.html Download and install the setup executable
Get python from http://www.python.org
When installing cmake and python, its important to allow the commands to be addded to the system path. Both installers give an option for this towards the end of the installation. (On my system i needed to select for current user only as for all users (silently) failed to work).
Get cygwin from http://www.cygwin.com/
When you get to the package choice make sure you select bison and flex, they are under development tools.
Get DirectX SDK November 2007 from Microsoft Warning 400MB+ 2007 http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyId=4B78A58A-E672-4B83-A28E-72B5E93BD60A&displaylang=en]
Get Quicktime SDK from Apple http://developer.apple.com/quicktime/download/
Openssl SDK
Not sure why this is not packaged with the viewer. Probably license issues as OpenSSL can be troublesome WRT licenses and compatibility with other licenses. Some windows packages are available which may be a better solution. Work to do
Get the source
At the time of writing the source is only available via SVN. This may be a problem for windows users and the best plan is to look for a windows SVN client OR install the svn tools in cygwin. cmake has just hit the release branch so it should be in a released zip ball soon.
Check out the source :-
svn co http://svn.secondlife.com/svn/linden/release
Probably the best plan if you do not have an svn client but have installed cygwin, is to go back to the cygwin setup and select the svn tools from the development group. Once these are installed you can checkout svn just like we do on unix.
1. Open a cygwin prompt 2. change to a sensible directory, something like "cd c:" "mkdir secondlife" "cd secondlife" 3. checkout the svn with the svn co command above.
You no longer need to download the libs tarball/zip file as the develo.py will download the required libraries for you, note you still need the librarys and programs in the initial section of this page installed.
If you are running from svn and still in your cygwin prompt the easiest and quickest way to get the artwork is as follows -
chmod +x release/doc/assert_urls.txt . release/doc/assert_urls.txt wget $SLASSET_ART
In the future this section will change to a straight forward download from the usual viewer source location.
Generate the project files
This is where the real fun and grace of cmake starts to take shape. Open a terminal window and go to the folder with the viewer source code. Enter the folder linden/indra/ now run the develop.py script. Probably on windows if python installed correctly you can just type "develop.py".
(It seems quite possible to stay with in your cygwin prompt and just "cd release/indra" "develo.py")
it may be necessary to add a -G option which selects which version of visual studio to target, possible options are :-
- VC2003 (default)
for example
develop.py -G VC90
will generate project files for Visual C++ 2008
NOTE: This develo.py script now downloads the libraries that were previously in the libs zip file. This saves developers who are tracking release from constantly downloading them every update and only downloads updated libraries. This means on the first run develo.py will take ages download the libs and secondly if you manually want to override libs with older or newer versions it will take some dancing around (feel free to document this).
Build the viewer
Now the previous cmake process will have generated some Visual Studio files for you under linden/indra/build-vc71 (in fact the exact path name depends on which visual studio you have files generated for). Just open the solution file .sln in that folder and build the solution in the standard way.
Express editions of Visual C++
Express editions do not have some of the extra features that VSTool.exe requires, VSTool is a little application that sets a few default project options, like which project is the startup and which build configuration to use.


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SCO Group
SCO, The SCO Group, The TSG Group, Caldera Systems, and Caldera International are the various names of an American software company that became known for acquiring the Santa Cruz Operation's Server Software and Services divisions, and UnixWare and OpenServer technologies, and then, under CEO Darl McBride, pursuing a series of legal battles known as the SCO-Linux controversies.
|Operating system software
|Lindon, Utah (Caldera, 1994)
|Lindon, Utah, United States
Key people
|UnixWare, OpenServer, Me Inc. Mobility Products, SCO Mobile Server, HipCheck
|$15.6 million USD (2008)
|($8.7 million) USD (2008)
Number of employees
|63 (2009)
The company was part of the Canopy Group, but became independent in March 2005, after the settlement of a lawsuit between the Noorda family and a chairman of the group, Ralph Yarro, also former CEO of the Canopy Group. As part of the settlement, Canopy transferred all of its shares to Yarro.[1][2] Later on, Caldera International changed its name to "SCO" and then to "The SCO Group" to reflect that change in focus.
In January 2004, their website, www.sco.com, was attacked by the Mydoom computer virus, which took down the website for 2 weeks using a DDoS attack.[3]
In September 2007, SCO filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.[4] In April 2011, UnXis, Inc. (currently Xinuos) bought The SCO Group, Inc. operating assets and intellectual property rights after having been approved by the bankruptcy court in Delaware. The SCO Group, Inc. then renamed itself TSG Group, Inc.[5][6] In August 2012, TSG Group, Inc. filed to convert from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection to Chapter 7 stating "There is no reasonable chance of rehabilitation".[7] On June 14, 2013, Judge David Nuffer ruled on SCO v. IBM motions, granting SCO's motion for reconsideration and reopening the case.[8][9]
- 1 History
- 2 Products
- 3 SCO-Linux lawsuits and controversies
- 4 Charts
- 5 SCO Forum
- 6 References
- 7 External links
The Santa Cruz Operation (SCO)Edit
Santa Cruz Operation (SCO) was a software company based in Santa Cruz, California which was best known for selling three UNIX variants for Intel x86 processors: Xenix, SCO UNIX (later known as SCO OpenServer), and UnixWare. In his book The Art of Unix Programming, Eric Raymond calls SCO the "first UNIX company".[10] Prior to this UNIX vendors were either computer hardware manufacturers or telephone companies.
In 1993, SCO acquired two smaller companies and developed the product line that was named Tarantella. In 2001, SCO sold its rights to UNIX and the related divisions to Caldera Systems.[11] After selling its UNIX interests, SCO retained only its Tarantella product line, and therefore changed its name to Tarantella, Inc.
Caldera Systems, Caldera Holdings, Caldera InternationalEdit
Caldera, Inc. based in Utah, was founded in 1994 by Bryan Wayne Sparks[12] and Ransom H. Love,[13] receiving start-up funding from Ray Noorda's Canopy Group. Its main product was Caldera Network Desktop, a Linux distribution mainly targeted at business customers and containing some proprietary additions. Caldera, Inc. later purchased the German LST Software GmbH and its LST Power Linux distribution, which was made the basis of their following product Caldera OpenLinux.
Caldera, Inc. inherited a lawsuit against Microsoft when it purchased DR-DOS from Novell in 1996. This lawsuit related to Caldera's claims of monopolization, illegal tying, exclusive dealing, and tortious interference by Microsoft.[14][15]
In August 1998, the original Caldera, Inc. company split into two daughter companies named Caldera Systems, Inc. and Caldera Thin Clients, Inc. Caldera Systems took over the Linux business, while Caldera Thin Clients took over the DOS and embedded business.[16] The shell company Caldera, Inc., remained responsible for the lawsuit only.
Microsoft reached a settlement in January 2000 with Caldera, Inc., after which Caldera, Inc. stopped its operation. The payments involved in this settlement were later revealed inadvertently to be US$280,000,000 during the Novell v. Microsoft antitrust lawsuit as documented on Groklaw.[17][18][19][20]
Caldera Systems reincorporated in Delaware on March 2, 2000[21] and completed an IPO of its common stock. By way of a temporary Caldera Holdings, Inc., the company reorganized in August 2000.
On August 2, 2000,[citation needed] Santa Cruz Operation announced that it would sell its Server Software and Services Divisions, as well as OpenServer and UnixWare, to Caldera Systems, Inc., proprietary operating systems for PCs that would be expected to compete directly with Linux. In March 2001, Caldera Systems became Caldera International, Inc. (CII), and the SCO purchase was completed in May 2001.[citation needed]
In 2002, Caldera International joined with SuSE Linux (now SUSE), Turbolinux and Conectiva to form United Linux in an attempt to standardize Linux distributions.[22]
Later that year, CEO Ransom Love left the company and was replaced by Darl McBride, and the company changed its name to The SCO Group in August 2002.
Caldera International's name-change to The SCO Group created some confusion between The SCO Group (formerly known as Caldera International) and Tarantella (formerly known as SCO). The company described here is The SCO Group (formerly Caldera International). Although generally referred to simply as "SCO" up to 2001, the parent company is sometimes referred to as "old SCO" or "Santa Cruz" to distinguish it from "The SCO Group" to whom the U.S. trademark "SCO" was transferred.[23]
Legal battlesEdit
In or around 2003, SCO began to claim that Linux "contained SCO's UNIX System V source code and that Linux was an unauthorized derivative of UNIX".[24] SCO filed suit against IBM for an unprecedented US$1 billion and demanded that Linux end-users pay license fees. Microsoft bolstered SCO's financial situation in 2003 by purchasing a license to UNIX technology and by helping to arrange funding.[25] A new division called SCOsource was created to license the company's intellectual property (IP). These claims provoked outrage among Linux users, who denied that Linux had copied SCO's intellectual property. Linux distributor Red Hat filed suit against SCO in Delaware. Novell, from whom SCO claimed to have acquired its UNIX IP, announced that it had not sold the copyrights to SCO and that it retained them. In response, SCO sued Novell for slander of title in Utah, home state of both SCO and Novell.
Subsequently, the SCO Group sued two former customers (AutoZone and DaimlerChrysler). In SCO v. AutoZone, SCO claimed that AutoZone violated SCO copyrights by using Linux. In SCO v. DaimlerChrysler, SCO claimed that DaimlerChrysler breached its UNIX license contract by inappropriately using derivative works of UNIX and by refusing to respond to requests for certification of compliance by SCO. SCO's suit against DaimlerChrysler was dismissed in 2004.
After announcing its legal claims against various Linux users and vendors, the company suspended sales and development of its Linux related products. Attention was shifted to the UnixWare and OpenServer UNIX products previously acquired from the Santa Cruz Operation.
On February 17, 2005, the SCO Group issued a press release that stated their stock may soon be delisted from the NASDAQ stock exchange for failing to issue an annual 10-K report in a timely manner as required by U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission regulations.[26] In late April 2005, after complying with the filing requirements, the NASDAQ switched trading of the SCO Group from "SCOXE" (which denotes a listing which may be delisted soon) back to their original "SCOX" stock symbol.
On April 23, 2007, SCO received a second delisting notice from NASDAQ. This was triggered by the active bid price of company stock, at closing, being less than $1 for 30 consecutive trading days. To regain compliance with continued listing requirements, the company must maintain a closing bid price greater than or equal to $1 for at least 10 trading days.[27] The stock regained compliance on June 12, 2007.[28]
Shortly after Judge Dale Kimball's ruling on August 10, 2007, SCO Group filed for reorganization on September 14, 2007, under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code.[4]
SCO was delisted from NASDAQ on December 27, 2007, due to its bankruptcy filing.[29]
On February 14, 2008, SCO filed a memorandum of understanding between it and Stephen Norris Capital Partners (SNCP).[30] Under the proposed deal, subject to Bankruptcy Court confirmation, SNCP would pay SCO up to $100 million (including a $95 million loan at LIBOR + 17 percentage points). If the restructuring had been confirmed, SCO would have[failed verification (See discussion.)] exited Chapter 11, gone private, and repaid all creditors (including Novell and IBM) in full. SNCP would then have received a controlling interest in SCO. A joint press release stated that SNCP's business plans for SCO include both "unveiling new product lines" and "see[ing] SCO's legal claims through to their full conclusion."[31] The proposal was abandoned two months later.[32]
On January 12, 2009, SCO filed a new reorganization plan with the bankruptcy court.[33]
On May 5, 2009, the U.S. Trustee's office, through its counsel Joseph J. McMahon Jr., filed a motion in the SCO bankruptcy proceeding to convert the SCO's Chapter 11 to a liquidation under Chapter 7.[34]
On June 15, 2009, Darl McBride announced during the liquidation hearing that they had come to an agreement with Gulf Capital Partners for funding to pay off the debts and continue its litigation against IBM and others, through the sale of its UNIX division.[35][36]
On August 5, 2009, Judge Gross ordered the appointment of a Trustee according to Chapter 11 by the U.S. Trustee's office.[37] On August 25, 2009, Edward Norman Cahn, was named as Chapter 11 trustee for SCO's cases.[38]
On October 14, 2009, SCO Group announced that the company had terminated CEO Darl McBride's contract.
Following the appointment of the Chapter 11 trustee, on October 14, 2009, the SCO Group announced that the company has eliminated the Chief Executive Officer and President positions, consequently terminating Darl McBride's position,[39][40] and that the remaining members of the current management team, including Chief Operating Officer, Jeff Hunsaker, Chief Financial Officer, Ken Nielsen and General Counsel, Ryan Tibbitts, will continue to work closely with the Chapter 11 trustee and his advisors.[41] Jeff Hunsaker left SCO on November 13, 2009. SCO stated that they intended to hire him temporarily as a consultant.[42]
On September 16, 2010, the SCO Group announced that it was "pursuing a sale of substantially all of the assets of its UNIX(R) business, including certain UNIX system V software products and related services",[43] and requested that interested parties show "financial wherewithal to close on the transaction on or before October 5, 2010 at 5:00 p.m.",[43] but as of December 2010, no announcement of any actual sale had been made.
Since May 2010, SCO Group has repeatedly cancelled its bankruptcy hearings—as of December 2010, their next scheduled hearing is January 18, 2011.[44][45]
On January 26, 2011, the SCO Group announced that UnXis Inc. has been selected to purchase their software product business.[46] The terms of sale are to be submitted to the bankruptcy court, where SCO's Chapter 11 case is also pending, for approval on March 2, 2011. The original date of the hearing has been postponed by two weeks.
On April 5, 2011, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission temporarily halted trading on SCO stock in response to SCO's failure to make required periodic filing for over two years.[47]
On April 11, 2011, UnXis completed the purchase of its operating assets.[48] The SCO Group's litigation rights against IBM and Novell did not transfer to UnXis.
SCO filed amendments to their certificates of incorporation on April 15, 2011. The SCO Group, Inc. was renamed TSG Group, Inc., and SCO Operations, Inc. became TSG Operations, Inc.[6]
- SCO UnixWare, a UNIX operating system. UnixWare 2.x and below were direct descendants of Unix System V Release 4.2 and was originally developed by AT&T, Univel, Novell and later on The Santa Cruz Operation. UnixWare 7 was sold as a UNIX OS combining UnixWare 2 and OpenServer 5 and was based on System V Release 5. UnixWare 7.1.2 was branded OpenUNIX 8, but later releases returned to the UnixWare 7.1.x name and version numbering.
- SCO OpenServer, another UNIX operating system, which was originally developed by The Santa Cruz Operation. SCO OpenServer 5 was a descendant of SCO UNIX, which is in turn a descendant of XENIX. OpenServer 6 is, in fact, an OpenServer compatibility environment running on a modern SVR5 based UNIX kernel.
- Smallfoot, an operating system and GUI created specifically for point of sale applications.
- SCOx Web Services Substrate, a web services-based framework for modernizing legacy applications.
- WebFace, a development environment for rich-UI browser-based Internet applications.
- SCOoffice Server, an e-mail and collaboration solution, based on a mixture of open-source and closed-source software.
- In late 2004, SCO announced the launch of the SCO Marketplace Initiative,[49] in which it offers pay-per-project development opportunities.
- In early 2006, SCO publicly released Me, Inc, a mobile services platform.[50]
SCO-Linux lawsuits and controversiesEdit
This article needs to be updated.March 2011)(
The SCO Group was, in 2004, involved in a dispute with various Linux vendors and users. In this campaign SCO "announced that Linux contained SCO's UNIX System V source code and that Linux was an unauthorized derivative of UNIX".[24] Although many are skeptical about their claims, SCO initiated a series of lawsuits and claims that so far have not been upheld by the courts. Thus far the impact on both Linux and Unix has been minimal. While making numerous public assertions that Linux infringes upon their copyrights, the lawsuits themselves concern contractual issues which are tangential to the issue of whether or not Linux infringes any copyrights. Further complicating the issue is the legitimacy of SCO claims concerning the ownership of System V Release 4.0 (SVR4) Unix copyrights. The success or failure of the claims will also have a profound effect on the financial future of The SCO Group, itself. SCO has, to date, made little headway in this dispute. In particular, in February 2005, Judge Dale Kimball, the judge in the SCO v. IBM case has stated:[51]
Viewed against the backdrop of SCO's plethora of public statements concerning IBM's and others' infringement of SCO's purported copyrights to the Unix software, it is astonishing that SCO has not offered any competent evidence to create a disputed fact regarding whether IBM has infringed SCO's alleged copyrights through IBM's Linux activities.
On August 10, 2007, Judge Kimball, hearing the SCO v. Novell case, ruled that "...the court concludes that Novell is the owner of the UNIX and UnixWare Copyrights". Novell was awarded summary judgments on a number of claims, and a number of SCO claims were denied. SCO was instructed to account for and pass to Novell an appropriate portion of income relating to SCOSource licences to Sun Microsystems and Microsoft. A number of matters are not disposed of by Judge Kimball's ruling, and the outcome of these are still pending.[52]
On August 24, 2009, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals issued its findings on SCO's appeal of the 2007 summary judgment. It reversed Judge Kimball's summary judgment rulings on ownership of UNIX and UnixWare copyrights, SCO's claim seeking specific performance, the scope of Novell's rights under Section 4.16 of the APA, and the application of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing to Novell's rights under Section 4.16 of the APA. It upheld Kimball's ruling on royalties due Novell. The reversed judgments were remanded to trial in Utah Federal court.[53]
On March 30, 2010 a federal jury found unanimously that the copyrights to Unix and UnixWare did not transfer to SCO. Then on June 10, Judge Stewart granted all remaining claims of Novell, and denied all claims of SCO, closing the case.[54]
SCO appealed for a second time on September 9, 2010. However, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the district court ruling in all respects.[55]
List of recent SCO lawsuitsEdit
- SCO v. IBM (The SCO Group, Inc. vs. International Business Machines, Inc., case number 2:03cv0294, United States District Court for the District of Utah)
- Red Hat v. SCO
- SCO v. Novell
- SCO v. AutoZone
- SCO v. DaimlerChrysler
On 28 June 2002 Darl McBride became the CEO of SCO; soon thereafter the company pursued litigation against IBM and Linux. McBride accused Linux of containing "line-by-line" copies of SCO's proprietary source code.
Randall Davis (MIT) files his second declaration on behalf of IBM.
In it, he describes his examination of SCO's claims of infringement, using both the "COMPARATOR" and "SIM" tools.
He concluded that, "Despite an extensive review, I could find no source code in any of the IBM Code [including AIX, Dynix, Linux, or JFS] that incorporates any portion of the source code contained in the Unix System V Code or is in any other manner similar to such source code. Accordingly, the IBM Code cannot be said, in my opinion, to be a modification or a derivative work based on Unix System V Code." Groklaw – Dr. Randall Davis's 2nd Declaration – I Found No Identical or Similar Code
On June 20, expert Brian W. Kernighan filed a declaration on behalf of IBM. He testified that he had performed an analysis of SCO's specific claims and that there was no similarity between the portions of Linux identified by SCO and the allegedly copyrighted works.[56]
On July 1, federal Judge Dale A. Kimball denied The SCO Group's motion to amend their claim against IBM again (a third amended complaint) and include new claims regarding Monterey on the PowerPC architecture. In the same decision, the five-week jury trial date was set for February 2007.[57]
On July 14, Groklaw obtained an email[58] from Michael Davidson to SCO Group senior vice president Reginald Broughton sent on August 13, 2002. In it, Davidson describes The Santa Cruz Operation's own investigation into whether or not Linux contained proprietary UNIX source code. "At the end, we had found absolutely nothing, i.e., no evidence of any copyright infringement whatsoever", Davidson concluded. At which time SCO presented as evidence an e-mail from a Robert Swartz, a consultant hired by SCO to compare UNIX and Linux source files, that copyright infringement could exist.
On November 29 and December 1, two critical decisions were released. In the first, Judge Dale A. Kimball affirmed Magistrate Judge Brooke Wells' June 28, 2006 Order[59] striking most of SCO's claimed evidence of code misuse as being too vague to be worth adjudicating. In the second, Wells ruled from the bench in accepting IBM's motion to limit SCO's claims to those supported by evidence submitted by December 22, 2005 and not rejected by the court.[60] SCO stock subsequently lost roughly 50% of its value in three days of exceptionally heavy trading.[61]
On August 10, Judge Dale Kimball issued a ruling in SCO v. Novell which found that "Novell is the owner of the UNIX and UnixWare copyrights"[52] and SCO to be in breach of its SVRX licensing agreement with Novell.[62] The ruling also cast further doubt on SCO's claims that IBM and Linux infringe against any SCO source code, and upheld Novell's right to force SCO to waive its copyright claims against IBM and Sequent. In response, on Monday, August 13, SCO stock fell over 70%, to 44 cents a share.[63]
The trial in SCO v. Novell was due to start on Monday September 17, in order to determine how much money SCO owed Novell. On September 14, SCO Group filed a voluntary petition for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code.[4] As a result of the petition for bankruptcy, all pending litigation was automatically stayed as per U.S.C. § 362. On September 27, NASDAQ issued SCO a notice of potential delisting, under their discretionary authority. SCO appealed this decision, but on September 19, it received another delisting warning for an insufficient bid price.[64][65] On October 23, SCO announced that they had reached an agreement with York Capital Management. Pending Bankruptcy Court approval, York was to purchase most of SCO's business for a total of approximately $36 million, including financing.[66] After Novell, IBM,[67] and the United States Trustee[68] objected to the deal, SCO withdrew the proposed sale on November 20, without prejudice.[69]
On August 24, 2009, the Tenth Circuit issued its findings on the appeal of the 2007 summary judgment. It affirmed the judgment on royalties due, while reversing the summary judgments on ownership of UNIX and UnixWare copyrights, SCO's claim seeking specific performance, the scope of Novell's rights under Section 4.16 of the APA, and the application of the covenant of good faith and fair dealing to Novell's rights under Section 4.16 of the APA. The reversed judgments were remanded to trial.[53]
In March, the SCO Group's case against Novell for slander of title was heard by a jury in Utah, which ruled in favor of Novell. The jury determined that the Unix copyrights never transferred to SCO. A lawyer for SCO responded that the court still needed to rule on whether Novell had the right to waive SCO's claims against IBM in a related suit and whether Novell was obligated by the sales contract to transfer the copyright to SCO.[70]
In June, Judge Ted Stewart decided that SCO was obligated to recognize Novell's waiver of SCO's purported claims against IBM and Sequent. The Court also judged in favor of Novell and against SCO on SCO's claim for breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, ordering the case to be closed.[71]
The company filed an appeal of SCO v. Novell, scheduled to be heard on January 20, 2011.[72][73]
On August 30, 2011, the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit affirmed SCO's loss to Novell in the second jury/bench trial.[55] SCO's appellate brief had argued that there were evidentiary errors and other issues at trial. The affirmed verdict held that Novell did not transfer the UNIX copyrights to SCO in the amended asset purchase agreement, and that Novell has the right to waive certain alleged license violations.
On February 26, 2016, SCO and IBM filed a joint motion for final entry of judgement against SCO. This enables SCO, if it wishes, to appeal the partial summary judgements in favor of IBM. Due to its bankruptcy, its only remaining asset is its right to appeal the failure of its legal claims against IBM.[74]
Click on the images to see larger versions.
SCO ForumEdit
Beginning in 1987 Santa Cruz Operation had hosted an annual summer conference for the international Unix community in Santa Cruz. Originally called "The SCO XENIX 386 Developer Conference", it was later called "SCO Forum".
The SCO Forum conference tradition continued under Caldera Systems and Caldera International, but starting in 2002, the conference was moved to Las Vegas, where it was held yearly until the 2008 SCO Forum[75] was the last one held.
After the SCO v. IBM legal battle began, SCO Forum presentations focused on presenting SCO's side. Speakers included Darl McBride and Rob Enderle. SCO continued the focus in the conference on technical presentations.[76]
- ^ Mims, Bob (2005-03-12). "Canopy deal: Former CEO stays on board of SCO Group". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on 2005-03-12.
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- ^ "UnXis Completes Purchase of SCO UNIX Assets" Archived 2011-11-14 at the Wayback Machine, press release 2011-04-11
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- ^ http://www.devicelogics.com/company/management.htm Archived 2007-10-23 at the Wayback Machine
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- ^ "Software Developer Caldera sues Microsoft for Antitrust practices alleges monopolistic acts shut its DR DOS operating system out of market". Salt Lake City, UT, USA: Caldera News. 1996-07-24. Archived from the original on 2017-06-24. Retrieved 2017-06-24.
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- ^ Caldera Creates Two Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries
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- ^ Jones, Pamela (2009-11-23). "Exhibits to Microsoft's Cross Motion for Summary Judgment in Novell WordPerfect Case". Groklaw. Archived from the original on 2013-08-21. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
[…] exhibits attached to Microsoft's Memorandum of Law in support of Microsoft's cross motion for summary judgment in the Novell v. Microsoft antitrust litigation. We finally find out what Microsoft paid Caldera to settle the DrDOS litigation back in 2000: $280 million. We even get to read the settlement agreement. It's attached as an exhibit. […] The settlement terms were sealed for all these years, but […] now that mystery is solved. […] We also find out what Caldera/Canopy then paid Novell from that $280 million: $35.5 million at first, and then after Novell successfully sued Canopy in 2004, Caldera's successor-in-interest on this matter, an additional $17.7 million, according to page 16 of the Memorandum. Microsoft claims that Novell is not the real party in interest in this antitrust case, and so it can't sue Microsoft for the claims it has lodged against it, because, Microsoft says, Novell sold its antitrust claims to Caldera when it sold it DrDOS. So the exhibits are trying to demonstrate that Novell got paid in full, so to speak, via that earlier litigation. As a result, we get to read a number of documents from the Novell v. Canopy litigation. Novell responds it retained its antitrust claims in the applications market. […]
- ^ Burt, Thomas W.; Sparks, Bryan Wayne (2000-01-07). "Settlement agreement - Microsoft Corporation and Caldera, Inc. reach agreement to settle antitrust lawsuit" (PDF) (Court document). Case 1:05-cv-01087-JFM, Document 104-8, Filed 2009-11-13; NOV00107061-NOV00107071; LT2288-LT2298; Lan12S311263739.1; Exhibit A. Retrieved 2018-08-03.
[…] Microsoft will pay to Caldera, by wire transfer in accordance with written instructions provided by Caldera, the amount of two hundred eighty million dollars ($280,000,000), as full settlement of all claims or potential claims covered by this agreement […](NB. This document of the Caldera v. Microsoft case was an exhibit in the Novell v. Microsoft and Comes v. Microsoft cases.)
- ^ Wallis, Richard J.; Aeschbacher, Steven J.; Bettilyon, Mark M.; Webb Jr., G. Stewar; Tulchin, David B.; Holley, Steven L. (2009-11-13). "Microsoft's memorandum in opposition to Novell's renewed motion for summary judgement on Microsoft's affirmative defenses and in support of Microsoft's cross-motion for summary judgement" (PDF) (Court document). United States District Court, District of Maryland. p. 16. Novell, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation, Civil Action No. JFM-05-1087. Retrieved 2018-08-03.
[…] Microsoft paid $280 million to Caldera to settle the case, and $35.5 million of the settlement proceeds were provided by Caldera to Novell as a so-called "royalty." […] Dissatisfied with that amount, Novell filed suit in June 2000 against Caldera (succeeded by The Canopy Group), alleging that Novell was entitled to even more. […] Novell ultimately prevailed, adding $17.7 million to its share of the monies paid by Microsoft to Caldera, for a total of more than $53 million […]
- ^ Certificate of Incorporation of Caldera Systems, Inc.. 2000-03-02 ([1]).
- ^ "Caldera, Conectiva, SuSE, Turbolinux Partner To Create UnitedLinux, And Produce A Uniform Version Of Linux For Business" (Press release). UnitedLinux. 2002-05-30. Retrieved 2007-03-27.
- ^ "Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS)". United States Patent and Trademark Office. 2007-07-16. Retrieved 2008-05-03.
- ^ a b "SCO Registers UNIX Copyrights and Offers UNIX License". Archived from the original on 2010-01-02. Retrieved 2007-04-28.
- ^ "SCO lawsuit against Linux financed by Microsoft". Archived from the original on 2013-01-19. Retrieved 2007-05-26.
- ^ "The SCO Group, Inc. Receives Notice From Nasdaq Regarding Potential Delisting and Intends to Appeal". Lindon, UT, USA: The SCO Group. 2005-02-17. Archived from the original on 2018-09-08. Retrieved 2008-05-20 – via PRNewswire-FirstCall via COMTEX.
- ^ "Form 8K: Item 3.01 Notice of Delisting or Failure to Satisfy a Continued Listing Rule or Standard; Transfer of Listing". Retrieved 2007-04-28.
- ^ "Form 8K: Item 8.01 Other Events". Retrieved 2007-06-13.
- ^ "SCO Receives Nasdaq Notice Letter". 2007-12-27. Archived from the original on 2007-12-29. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
- ^ "SCO announces reorganization plan – $100 M from SNCP & "partners from the Middle East", to go private – Updated". Groklaw. 2008-02-14. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
- ^ "The SCO Group Announces Reorganization Plan to Include $100 Million Financing by Stephen Norris Capital Partners". Yahoo Finance. 2008-02-14. Archived from the original on 2008-02-20. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
- ^ "Insolvent SCO scraps its reorganization plan". Deseret Morning News. 2008-04-03. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ^ The SCO Group Files Formal Reorganization Plan With Bankruptcy Court[dead link]
- ^ Groklaw – U.S. Trustee Moves to Convert SCO Bankruptcy to Chapter 7 – Updated
- ^ SCO Group strikes deal just before bankruptcy hearing Archived 2009-06-19 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ SCO vs. Linux: New investor rescues SCO from bankruptcy Archived 2009-06-21 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Court documents" (PDF). www.groklaw.net. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
- ^ (SCO) Search Dockets Archived 2012-07-07 at Archive.today
- ^ "The SCO Group, Inc.: FORM 8-K: 2009-10-14". EDGAR. The Securities and Exchange Commission. 2009-10-14. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
- ^ "Change in Directors or Principal Officers, Other Events, Financial Statements". Archived from the original on 2009-10-22.
- ^ The SCO Group, Inc. – Current Report SECDatabase.com, Form Type: 8-K, Filing Date: 2009-10-19
- ^ "FORM 8-K: Item 5.02: Departure of Directors or Certain Officers". EDGAR. Securities and Exchange Commission. 2009-11-13. Retrieved 2009-11-16.
- ^ a b "The SCO Group Announces UNIX Asset Sale" (Press release). The SCO Group, Inc. 2010-09-16. Archived from the original on 2010-09-22. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
- ^ Pamela, Jones. "SCO Bankruptcy Timeline". Groklaw. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
- ^ Pamela, Jones. "List of stories referenced in the "SCO Bankruptcy Timeline"". Groklaw. Archived from the original on 2013-02-21. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
- ^ "UnXis Group Acquires SCO" (PDF) (Press release). UnXis, Inc. 2011-01-26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2011-04-06.
- ^ "Securities and Exchange Commission Suspends Trading in the Securities of Fourteen Issuers for Failure to Make Required Periodic Filings". SEC News Digest (2011–65). 2011-04-05. Retrieved 2011-04-06.
- ^ Harvey, Tom (2011-04-11). "SCO closes sale of Unix system to Nevada company". The Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved 2011-04-11.
- ^ http://www.sco.com/developers/marketplace/faq.html[dead link]
- ^ The SCO Group, Inc. | Products | MeInc[permanent dead link]
- ^ The SCO Group, Inc. vs. International Business Machines, Inc. case number 2:03cv0294 United States District Court for the District of Utah doc #398 [2]
- ^ a b MEMORANDUM DECISION AND ORDER Civil Case No. 2:04CV139DAK
- ^ a b http://www.ck10.uscourts.gov/opinions/08/08-4217.pdf[dead link]
- ^ NOVELL: Novell News » Blog Archive » United States District Court Judge Issues Final Judgment Confirming Novell Ownership of UNIX Copyrights and Denying Other SCO Claims
- ^ a b "10th Circuit Affirms in All Respects – Novell, Not SCO, Owns the Copyrights, etc".
- ^ "Court documents" (PDF). www.groklaw.net. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
- ^ "IBM Wins Big – SCO Motion to Amend Complaint Denied; Trial Date Set". Groklaw. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
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- ^ "Court documents" (PDF). www.groklaw.net. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
- ^ "First Word from the Hearing: It's IBM All the Way". Groklaw. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
- ^ "Historical Prices for SCOX". Google. Retrieved 2007-06-01.
- ^ SCO never owned UNIX copyrights, owes Novell 95 percent of UNIX royalties. Ars Technica, 2007-08-13.
- ^ Investors bailing on SCO stock, SCOX plummets. Ars Technica, 2007-08-14.
- ^ The SCO Group Receives Nasdaq Notice Letter. The SCO Group, Inc. press release, 2007-09-19[dead link]
- ^ "SCO Receives Nasdaq Notice Letter". Archived from the original on 2012-07-01. Retrieved 2007-09-30.
- ^ "SCO Has a Bid; Would Like More – Updated". Groklaw. 2007-10-23. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
- ^ "Here Come the Objections to the Asset Sale — IBM is Baaack". Groklaw. 2007-11-01. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
- ^ "US Trustee Objects to SCO's Proposed Asset Sale and more". Groklaw. 2007-11-14. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
- ^ "SCO Withdraws Asset Sale Motion (Without Prejudice) – Updated, as text". Groklaw. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
- ^ Harvey, Tom (2010-03-30). "Decision in SCO-Novell case ripples beyond Utah". The Salt Lake Tribune. MediaNews Group.
- ^ Biggs, John (2010-06-11). "SCO/Novell suit is over, SCO loses". CrunchGear. TechCrunch Network.
- ^ Pamela, Jones. "SCO v. Novell Appeal Timeline". Groklaw. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
- ^ Pamela, Jones. "List of stories referenced in the "SCO v. Novell Appeal Timeline"". Groklaw. Archived from the original on 2013-02-21. Retrieved 2010-12-29.
- ^ "Court documents" (PDF). www.groklaw.net. Retrieved 2019-10-18.
- ^ "SCO Forum 2008 Announced by Hunsaker; Where's Darl?". groklaw.net. Retrieved 2008-05-20.
- ^ Emigh, Jacqueline (2005-08-15). "SCO Forum: Dueling with Linux & Microsoft (SCO Against the World)". LinuxPlanet. Retrieved 2008-05-20.
External linksEdit
- Caldera Systems, Inc. (archived web site calderasystems.com from 1999-01-17 to, caldera.com from 2000-02-29 to 2000-12-17), Caldera Holdings (archived web site caldera.com from to 2001-03-02) and Caldera International, Inc. (archived web site caldera.com from 2001-03-30 to)
- The SCO Group, Inc. (archived web site caldera.com fromto and sco.com from 2001-05-08)
- Groklaw: News and Commentary about SCO lawsuits and Other Related Legal Information
- SCOX Bankruptcy information and documents