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Scout advancement
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
Boy Scout Advancement
(Quoted from: Advancement Policies #33088, pages 23-26)
"The Boy Scout advancement program is subtle. It places a series of challenges in front of a Scout in a manner that is fun and educational. As Scouts meet these challenges, they achieve the aims of Boy Scouting."
"The Scout advances and grows in the Boy Scout phase of the program in the same way a plant grows by receiving nourishment in the right environment. The job with adults concerned with advancement is to provide the right environment."
"One of the greatest needs of young men is confidence. There are three kinds of confidence that young men need: in themselves, in peers, and in leaders."
"Educators and counselors agree that the best way to build confidence is through measurement. Self-confidence is developed by measuring up to a challenge or a standard. Peer confidence develops when the same measuring system is used for everyone -- when all must meet the same challenge to receive equal recognition. Confidence in leaders comes about when there is consistency in measuring -- when leaders use a single standard of fairness."
"No council, district, unit, or individual has the authority to add to or subtract from any advancement requirement. A Boy Scout badge recognizes what a young man is able to do; it is not a reward for what he has done."
"Standards for joining a Boy Scout troop and for advancement are listed in the latest printing of the Boy Scout Handbook and in the current Boy Scout Requirements book."
"Advancement accommodates the three aims of Scouting: citizenship, growth in moral strength and character, and mental and physical development."
"The advancement program is designed to provide the Boy Scout with a chance to achieve the aims of Scouting. As a Scout advances he is measured and grows in confidence and self-reliance."
"When a badge and certificate are awarded to a Boy Scout to recognize that he has achieved a rank, they represent that a young man has:
- Been an active participant in his troop and patrol.
- Demonstrated living the Scout Oath (Promise) and Law in his daily life.
- Met the other requirements and/or earned the merit badges for the rank.
- Participated in a Scoutmaster conference.
- Satisfactorily appeared before a board of review.
"In the advanced ranks (Star, Life, and Eagle), the badge represents that the young man has also:"
- Served in a position of responsibility in the troop.
- Performed service to others.
A Scout will be considered "active" in his unit if he is:
Four Steps of Advancement
(Quoted from: Advancement Policies #33088, pages 24)
"A Boy Scout advances from Tenderfoot to Eagle by doing things with his patrol and his troop, with his leaders, and on his own. It's easy for him to advance, if the following four opportunities are provided for him."
1. The Boy Scout learns. "A Scout learns by doing. As he learns, he grows in ability to do his part as a member of the patrol and the troop. As he develops knowledge and skill, he is asked to teach others; and in this way he begins to develop leadership."
2. The Boy Scout is tested. "A Scout may be tested on rank requirements by his patrol leader, Scoutmaster, assistant Scoutmaster, a troop committee member, or a member of his troop. The Scoutmaster maintains a list of those qualified to give tests and pass candidates. The Scout's merit badge counselor teaches and tests on the requirements for merit badges."
3. The Boy Scout is reviewed. "After a Scout has completed all requirements for a rank, he has a board of review. For Tenderfoot, Second Class, First Class, Star, Life, and Eagle Palms, the review is conducted by members of the troop committee. The Eagle Scout board of review is conducted in accordance with local council procedures."
4. The Boy Scout is recognized. "When the board of review has certified a boy's advancement, he deserves to receive recognition as soon as possible. This should be done at a ceremony at the next troop meeting. The certificate for his new rank may be presented later at a formal court of honor.
Age Requirements
(Quoted from: Advancement Policies #33088, pages 24)
"Boy Scout awards are for young men not yet 18 years old. Merit badges, badges of rank, and Eagle palms are for registered Boy Scouts, Varsity Scouts, or qualified Venturers. Any registered Boy Scout or Varsity Scout may earn these awards until his 18th birthday. Any Venturer who achieves the First Class rank as a Boy Scout or Varsity Scout in a troop or team may continue working for the Star, Life, and Eagle Scout ranks and Eagle Palms while registered as an Venturer up to his 18th birthday."
"Youth members with special needs may work towards rank advancement after they are 18. (See section titled Advancement for Youth Members with Special Needs page 39.)"
Time Extensions
|— Guide To Advancement § 220.127.116.11 Time Extensions.
Troop Advancement Goals
(Quoted from: Advancement Policies #33088, pages 25)
"The Scoutmaster must be in charge of advancement in the troop. It is necessary that the Scoutmaster understand the purpose of the advancement program and the importance it has in the development of the Scouts in the troop. The troop's program must provide advancement opportunities. By participating in the troop program, the Scout will meet requirements for rank advancement."
"The troop's unit commissioner and the district advancement committee can play an important part in explaining advancement and helping the Scoutmaster utilize the advancement program in the troop program, making it exciting to the Scouts in the troop."
"It is important that the troop committee and the Scoutmaster set an advancement goal for the year. A basic goal should be for each Scout to advance a rank during the year. New Scouts should earn their First Class rank during their first year in the troop. By doing so, these new Scouts become net contributors to the troop and are able to care for themselves and others. When reviewed monthly by the troop committee, Scouts will recognize the importance of Scout advancement. Troops should conduct boards of review for Scouts who are not advancing. A minimum of four formal courts of honor a year (one every three months) should be held to formally recognize the Scouts in the troop."
"Presentation of merit badges and rank badges should not await these courts of honor; awards and badges should be presented at the next meeting after they have been earned. Scouts are recognized again at a formal court of honor."
Scoutmaster Conferences
The unit leader (e.g. Scoutmaster) conference, regardless of the rank or program, is conducted according to the guidelines in the Troop Leader Guidebook, No. 33009 (volume 1). Note that a Scout must participate or take part in one; it is not a "test." Requirements do not say he must "pass" a conference. While it makes sense to hold one after other requirements for a rank are met, it is not required that it be the last step before the board of review. This is an important consideration for Scouts on a tight schedule to meet requirements before age 18. Last-minute work can sometimes make it impossible to fit the conference in before then, so scheduling it earlier can avoid unnecessary extension requests.
The conference is not a retest of the requirements upon which a Scout has been signed off. It is a forum for discussing topics such as ambitions, life purpose, and goals for future achievement, for counseling, and also for obtaining feedback on the unit's program. In some cases, work left to be completed—and perhaps why it has not been completed—may be discussed just as easily as that which is finished. Ultimately, conference timing is up to the unit. Some leaders hold more than one along the way, and the Scout must be allowed to count any of them toward the requirement.
Conferences are meant to be face-to-face, personal experiences. They relate not only to the Scouting method of advancement, but also to that of adult association. Conferences should be held with a level of privacy acceptable under the BSA's rules regarding Youth Protection. Parents or guardians and other Scouts within hearing range of the conversation may influence the Scout's participation. For this reason, the conferences should not be held in an online setting.
While it is intended that the conference be conducted between the unit leader and the Scout, it may sometimes be necessary for the unit leader to designate an assistant unit leader to conduct the conference. For example, if a Scoutmaster is unavailable for an extended period of time or in larger troops where a Scout's advancement would be delayed unnecessarily, then it would be appropriate for an assistant Scoutmaster (21 years old or older) to be designated to conduct the conference.
Unit leaders do not have the authority to deny a Scout a conference that is necessary for him to meet the requirements for his rank. Unit leaders must not require the Eagle Scout Rank Application, statement of ambitions and life purpose, or list of positions, honors, and awards as a prerequisite to holding a unit leader conference for the Eagle Scout rank. If a unit leader conference is denied, a Scout—if he believes he has fulfilled all the remaining requirements—may still request a board of review. If an Eagle Scout candidate is denied a conference, it may become grounds for a board of review under disputed circumstances.
Record Keeping
(Quoted from: Advancement Policies #33088, pages 26)
"Each troop is responsible for keeping its own records and reporting advancement to the local council service center. This is done on an Advancement Report form. One copy is kept by the troop and two are sent to the council with an order for badges and awards. It is best that this form be submitted at least monthly so that troop records remain current and Scouts are able to receive their awards quickly after earning them. Awards cannot be purchased or awarded until the Advancement Report has been filed with the council office. A Troop/Team Record Book, maintained by the troop scribe, is available."
"At the discretion of the local council, computer-generated advancement reports may be used. If used, two copies of the computer-generated report must be submitted to the council service center. You can also use the advancement program on unit software authorized by your council for entering and submitting this report."
(Quoted from: Advancement Policies #33088, pages 26)
"A unit of training, Boy Scout Advancement, is available for instruction in how to carry out the advancement program."
Buddy System
(Quoted from: Advancement Policies #33088, pages 26)
"A Scout must have a buddy with him at each meeting with a merit badge counselor. A Scout's buddy could be another Scout, or be a parent or guardian, brother or sister, relative or friend. From his Scoutmaster, the Scout obtains a signed merit badge application and the name of the appropriate merit badge counselor. The Scout sets up his first appointment with the counselor. The counselor should explain the requirements to the Scout. The Scout and his buddy then meet as appropriate with the counselor until the Scout completes the badges requirements."


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Good news if you've got a green thumb and limited space—Ikea now sells mini-greenhouses. And they're only $20 a pop.
You might need a couple of them to fit your garden, because at about 18-inches by 9-inches by 14-inches, they're little (and adorable). But it's the perfect size for your desk or your small pad. Although you'll still need to keep them near a window for sufficient light.
They're not available online, so you'll have to check if your local store is selling them. Really between this and the lingonberries, why would you ever need to go anywhere but Ikea? [PSFK]

subset: commoncrawl


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Hi everyone.
I a student who does Business Information Systems. In this course I've learned a few languages VB and Java being the main ones and we have dabbled in Javascript, PHP and PERL. I went fairly far in PHP and wrote a fairly good online ordering system with it for a project.
I consider myself fairly good at programming in general although it did take me a long time before I understood the benfits of OO. I never really touched Extends and Implements, but that's something I'm trying to rectify.
I haven't really touched Java in nearly a year and I've just been skimming through these forums to get my head back in it.
The biggest project I ever did in Java was creating a fully functional version of Conway's Game of Life and I was very happy with the results as it ran very smoothly and no-one could get it to break at the end and had lots of nice features.
I believe I will be needing Java for a few projects in the future (personal and university based), so I'm setting myself a few mini projects to work on in my spare time. At the moment I'm trying to create a poker odds calculator with a nice GUI and may move on to make some card games when I'm done with that.
Anyways that's that I'm pretty good at finding solutions to any problems online so I hopefully won't need to use this forum too much for that unless I'm really stuck. But I think helping other people who are stuck any way I can will be helpful to me aswell(I think having a class full of people who can't programme has helped my debugging alot ).
Also could anyone point me in the direction of some nice projects to do to help me along?


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OKLAHOMA CITY, Feb. 25 (UPI) -- Russell Westbrook scored 23 points and Kevin Durant dominated the glass with 16 rebounds Sunday in Oklahoma City's 102-72 rout of Chicago.
Durant added 19 points and six assists for the Thunder, who deployed a tough defense in holding the Bulls to 29.1 percent shooting from the field.
Oklahoma City blew the game open with a 12-3 run to start the second half and went on to post its second win in five contests.
Chicago, meanwhile, fell for the sixth time in nine games as Luol Deng and Nate Robinson were limited to 13 points each.


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The Emirates Experience means comfort and attention to detail you can rely on whenever you travel. From Private Suites and Shower Spas, to flat-bed seats and award-winning inflight entertainment, Emirates offers a unique experience on every flight.
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KTK necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 109 diseños de 19 diseñadores freelance.
Branding needs to represent a business or a service provision. We offer good quality nursing care in a loving and homely environment to the elderly. I want our branding to reflect what we do and represent what we stand for appropriately and accurately. Branding also helps to sell a business or service provision. I want our branding to help to encourage people to want to know more about us and add value to the marketing that we do.
Ashley Lodge Nursing Home
WHAT: An appropriate, well balanced, meaningful, memorable logo that can eventually be used on all office stationary and marketing material (including website).
WHY: Becasue our current logo in terrible, it doesn't repesent who we are and adds no value to any print material.
OUR COMPANY: We are an independant, family-run care home in London, UK. The home exists to provide a happy and homely atmosphere for its residents who can no longer be cared for in their own homes. Our aim is that all residents shall live in a clean and safe environment and be treated with respect and sensitivity. Staff will be responsive to the individual needs of our residents and will provide the appropriate degree of care to assure the highest possible quality of life within the Home.
TO CONSIDER: Our business caters for the elderly. But, many of the people looking into our service are children or grand-children of the people needing to be looked after. Therefore, our logo needs ot be accessible to all. Classic but contemporary, if that's not too much of a contradiction in terms!
- Tag line - we don't currently have one but I am not averse to the idea of havng a tag line. It might help to communicate what we're all about better than simply a graphic.
- Something meaningful that represents the service we provide - caring, loving, homely, etc.
- Look - clean, well balanced.
- Something that will work equally well on a letterhead, brochure, website, invoice, etc.
- I would quite like a logo that can be split into seperate components, e.g. using the logo without the strap line or using an swish or a shape independently, whilst stll tying it to the brand (not sure if that makes sense!?!).
- Look - messy, fussy.
- Anything too old fashioned looking.
- Anything too hip and trendy and new age.
- I hate centred text...centred anything really!
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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The happiest guy in the Dynamo locker room on Saturday night wore No. 27.
That orange jersey belonged to Sammy Appiah, the 25-year-old rookie midfielder from Ghana and Boston University, who on Saturday scored on his MLS debut in Houston's 3-0 win over Kansas City.
"It's a great moment for me to score in my first game," Appiah said. "I was just hoping to contribute to the team and that's what I did. I thank [head coach Dominic Kinnear] for putting me in."
When starting forward Luis Landin left the game following a knock in the 71st minute, Kinnear looked at his options on the bench. With a plethora of players unavailable and his team facing four games in 13 days, Kinnear handed Appiah his professional debut.
The rookie played well in his limited minutes, showing impressive pace against a Wizards defense that had been playing a man down for most the match. Then, just 15 minutes into his MLS career, Appiah collected a perfectly placed pass from fellow Ghanaian native Dominic Oduro, which he finished with an equally well-placed shot that caromed in off the post.
Watch: Appiah scores on his debut.
"I saw Dom wide open on the other side, and I just wanted to make sure I got to the ball first," said the midfielder. "I was just lucky to put the ball in."
Kinnear was clearly pleased for his rookie.
"With Luis [Landín] going down and [Brian] Mullan tired, Sammy's been looking good at practice and working hard, and when we drafted him, we thought he was a wide player," Kinnear. "We felt it was a good game for him to get in and show some energy. He looked dangerous before [the goal]. Great first minutes for him, and he got a goal so it has to be pleasing for him."
Appiah's work ethic this year was noticed not only by his head coach, but also see the veteran Dynamo roster. As soon as the rookie scored, Brad Davis, Mullan and Bobby Boswell were the first to mob Appiah on the goal. The rookie has likely gone a long way to earn the respect of his veteran Dynamo teammates.
"We have good players," defender Mike Chabala said. "You see Sammy step up today and take care of his opportunity. Good for him."
Though he scored on his debut, that doesn't mean Appiah will be free of rookie hazing or tasked to carry equipment and carrying bags. After the match, as Appiah was mobbed by the media, his veteran Dynamo teammates chided the rookie about being soft spoken and needing to speak up with the spotlight on him. However, Appiah took the ribbing like he has almost everything else this year—with a big smile on his face.


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CherylHultman necesitaba un nuevo diseño de camiseta y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 74 diseños de 27 diseñadores freelance.
CASA (Court Appointed Special Advocates)
The Tennessee Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) Association is a statewide organization that provides support to 25 local CASA programs serving 42 counties across Tennessee. Local programs provide trained volunteers (called CASA's) to advocate for abused and neglected children who come to the attention of the Tennessee juvenile courts. Essentially, CASA volunteers are the "light of hope" for the children who tend to fall through the cracks of an overburdened legal system. However, we want to focus to be on the positive aspect of what a difference one caring adult (CASA volunteer) can make in a child's life. A CASA volunteer can be ANYONE (with required training). For more information on what CASA does please visit our web site and National CASA's web site: http://www.tncasa.org and http://www.casaforchildren.org. We also recommend checking-out National CASA's videos on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/casaforchildren.
The TN CASA Association will be holding our first annual statewide public awareness fun run. "Light of Hope" is our theme. CASA programs across the state of TN will hold fun runs through the months of April and May 2011. The fun run's purpose is to create an awareness of who CASA is and what we do for children across the state of TN (as well as nationally). Children are always our main focus.
We would like a T-shirt that is both neutral and unisex in design. Children should be the focus. "Light of Hope" is our theme (trademarked slogan by National CASA).
White T-shirts only
Front design only (back of T-shirt reserved for sponsors)
Neutral/Unisex design
Children are the focus
"Light of Hope" is the theme and MUST be written out somewhere or incorporated into the design.
Positive and happy focus
1 or 2 colors
Easy to read
Don't Wants:
Nothing sad or negative focus on child welfare system or child maltreatment
Nothing hard to read
No sad children please
Nothing super flashy/busy


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"Purple in the grays. Vermillion in the orange shadows, on a cold, fine day." — Pierre Bonnard, from his notebooks
Manhattan in a winter storm seems galaxies away from Bonnard's bright interiors. I carry an exhibition catalog from the Metropolitan Museum of Art to Elie Wiesel's office in Midtown.
As we talk, the bright yellow cover blinks up from the coffee table, louder than the thousands of books in his office; louder than his voice, which is soft with a strong French accent and something else.
Wiesel is 81. He is modestly dressed in a blue blazer, gray pants and black shoes. His manner is a gentle combination of elegance and humility. He is not frail, but I suspect I am not the first to feel the instinct to protect him, to speak quietly, not to move suddenly, to live up to the sophistication and humanity he deserves.
Wiesel's 49th book, "A Mad Desire to Dance" (Alfred A. Knopf: 274 pp., $24) is a novel that contains, like all his books, the voice of a madman. "These were the first people to be taken away," he says, thinking back to World War II. "Children, old people, madmen. I give them shelter in my books; there is always a place for them. They haunt my universe and I say, 'Come in.' "
In the novel, Doriel, a middle-aged man whose parents lived through the war, believes he may be haunted by a dybbuk — in Jewish folklore, the dislocated soul of a dead person. He seeks help from a young female therapist. The chapters follow the progress of the therapy, alternating between the therapist's and Doriel's points of view.
Wiesel began writing to bear witness to the Holocaust and to inspire others to write their stories. For years, he has defended the importance of memory against those who deny aspects of the Holocaust.
A loyal following
Even on the day we meet, the media carry the story of a Catholic bishop who questions the existence of the gas chambers. But readers have never abandoned him. Half a century after its publication, "Night," which details his months in Auschwitz and Buchenwald as a young teenager, continues to appear on bestseller lists.
"Why did I write it?" Wiesel asks in the 2006 preface to a new translation. "Did I write it so as not to go mad or, on the contrary, to go mad in order to understand the nature of madness, the immense, terrifying madness that had erupted in history and in the conscience of mankind?"
In February 2007, Wiesel was attacked by a different sort of madman, pulled off an elevator in San Francisco by a 22-year-old Holocaust denier named Eric Hunt who tried to drag him into a hotel room. Ever since, Wiesel has had a bodyguard. He has just returned from the inauguration and sees the election of Barack Obama as "history trying to redeem itself." He remembers visiting the South in the early 1950s and feeling ashamed to be white.
Most of Wiesel's books are written in French; the author settled in France after the war, studying psychology and philosophy at the Sorbonne. His wife, Marion, was his translator for many years, but recently she has been called to full-time work at the Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity, which the couple started after he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1986, and which suffered losses of around $15 million, substantially all of its assets, in the Bernard Madoff scandal. "Night" was written in Yiddish, his childhood language.
"A Mad Desire to Dance," the author explains, is a response to his 1964 novel, "The Town Beyond the Wall," in which Michael, a Holocaust survivor, returns to the town in which he was born, is captured by communists, put in prison and tortured. The novel ends with Michael locked in a cell with a madman, a catatonic who is unable to break through his wall of silence. "He knows," Wiesel explains of Michael, "that if he does nothing he will go mad as well, so he tries to cure the madman."
In "A Mad Desire to Dance," Doriel is "cured" when his therapist leads him to the realization that his mother, a prominent resistance leader, had an affair during the war.
Did the new novel begin with a memory of dancing? "I've never danced in my life," Wiesel says. "I don't know how to dance or swim." Rather, the book "began with a melody. As for the structure, it offers itself from the inside. If I were to begin a novel with a preconceived structure, it would be false."
Certainly the structure of "A Mad Desire to Dance" comes from Doriel's therapy: the realization of his mother's affair and his ability to forgive her. "I believe in therapy," Wiesel says, "particularly between friends. If a friend talks to another friend to relieve his suffering, that is therapy. Human beings were not born to be alone. God alone is alone. People are capable of falling in love. Illness is not being able to fall in love."
Wiesel writes each book three times. He is long past denying the element of autobiography in his work. He is, like many writers, exhausted after writing. "One," he says, "has to condense so much."
Readers often come away from Wiesel's books questioning their faith, even the existence of God. "I want them to feel that life is worth living," he explains, "but I'm not a policeman. Who am I to be a guardian of faith? It is humanity I believe in. Humanity is so frail."
When Wiesel speaks, he often comes across a memory. Speaking of human frailty, he recalls how frightened he was as a young boy in the camps. "I kept thinking, I haven't done anything to remain alive."
After his father died, on Jan. 28, 1944, in the bed next to him, Wiesel says flatly, "I died. I asked myself what would I have done if I had been chosen to be a kapo [a prisoner selected to help supervise other prisoners]. I hope I can say with certainty that I would have said no, but I honestly don't know. I haven't been tested. What can I tell the child in me?"
This is the question Wiesel asks in all his books. "The child in me is my judge."
'It was a nightmare'
Wiesel was born in Sighet, Romania, in 1928. When he returned 20 years after the war, he did not recognize the town. "It looked the same," he says, "but there were no Jews. Strangers lived there. It was a nightmare. I felt threatened. But I found, in the synagogue, some of the books that had once been mine and some of the commentaries I wrote as a child on the Bible. I remembered what we had done the last night before we were taken away."
On that long ago evening, Wiesel's father had dug a hole in the basement to hide the families' valuables. Wiesel, meanwhile, had hidden a gold watch his grandfather had given him in a tree. Two decades later, he snuck out in the middle of the night "into someone else's garden to see if the watch was still there. It was there. I put it back. I left it there."
Wiesel has taught philosophy for 40 years. (He is the Andrew W. Mellon professor in the humanities at Boston University.) "I love my students," he says. "I spend time with them; I listen to their stories." He also loves the thousands of stories he receives from fellow survivors; he reads them all, writing letters and prefaces and sending encouraging words. Once in a great while, he discovers that a writer is lying, and this shocks him, but he does not judge. "It is difficult enough to tell the truth," he says.
Indeed, in the 1950s and 1960s, it was difficult for the author to get his books published. No one wanted to read about the Holocaust. "Now," he says with pride, "there isn't a school that doesn't teach it."
In the end, Wiesel believes, "The beauty of a good book is the special link between the reader and the writer — sparks from the ashes, light and shadow." But he worries about preserving that link amid the speed of modern life.
"When I was a child," he recalls, "we would spend months preparing to visit my grandfather. We had time to think about things — to anticipate — before we did them. You'd think for a long time about taking a girl out. Now you ask her out and get divorced on the same day.
"In America, everything is numbers. But I'm happy if I write one good sentence."


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It's time to vote in the 2013 Elections
Cast your vote by logging in to AnthroGateway, click on the "My Information" page, and then click on the "Vote Now!" button. This month we'll take a look at the candidates. Today's feature are the candidates for undesignated seat #7 of the Committee for Human Rights (CfHR). Responsibilities of the committee members include: To assist … Continue reading It's time to vote in the 2013 Elections


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I own an Apple TV, with 160GB of internal storage. I'm interested in replacing that hard drive with a larger one, perhaps 640GB, or else the largest 2.5" drive I can get that would be compatible.
Is it possible to replace the internal hard drive in an Apple TV, i.e. DIY?
If so, how, or where can I find more information?
Any tips about the challenges I will need to overcome: e.g. opening the device, copying old drive contents over, etc.?
p.s. I don't care about my warranty; it's long gone.


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dannyboy necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 72 diseños de 23 diseñadores freelance.
we are a new company with a website on the way
an agency for English language courses around the world (main countries being the UK, USA, Malta, Ireland, Australia)
students would normally purchase a package and study abroad
we want to offer high quality and very detailed information on the schools and courses we offer
we want give alot of importance to marketing/branding and believe that image is the key to success (along with customer support)
we believe that a language course is not only about the lessons, but also about differnt cultures meeting , making friends, having fun after classes, conversations
All kinds of nationalities . Ages 12 to 100.
Managers who want to improve their english for business
Students who want to improve their English for school
Basically anyone who thinks they would benefit from improving their English.
company name is travel4english (lowercase)
Style : Modern, Trendy, Chic, Fun logo
will be used for the website and business cards, stationary etc
Colour base should be a cool blue (no boring blues) but can also use other colours that go with it.
logo should preferably consist of an icon on the left and the text on the right
icon should possibly be able to be used without the text. Icon should not boring or traditionally assosciated with learning like books
We would welcome ideas for the icon like - people from around the globe coming to meet new people or possibly using 't4e' in the icon if you think it would work.
font must be a modern, fun possibly doing something cool with the font.
preference will be given to logos with an 'edge'. feel free to deviate from the brief if you think you have a good idea.
Even though we are an English language agency i would prefer to avoid using the traditional ' Union Jack'.
winning designer will be asked to design further similar logos for our other language websites (other languages). I have been trying to get this logo designed for 3 months and have been through many bad designers so if i find a good designer i'd like to stick with them.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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"Is this really a proof?" is the exact question e-mailed to me today from an undergraduate mathematics student whom I know as a highly competent student. The one sentence question was accompanied with the following demo:
I am looking for a down-to-earth, non-authoritative answer who one may give to such a student. What would be your answer if you were faced with such a question?
Update after closure. Reading the comments you may realized that most of them answer the original title of the post: "Is this really a proof?" Of course, the answer to such a question is as clear as the daylight for MO users. And, such a question should be closed asap. But, the actual question was (is) in the body of the post, and it was (is) what your constructive answer would be to such a student if you were faced with such a question. Now, with the change of the title, the actual question is much more clearer, and I hope, worthy of MO attention.


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Brazil's Embraer and its U.S. partner, Sierra Nevada Corp., confirmed that the A-29 Super Tucano won the U.S. Air Force Light Air Support (LAS) competition. Hawker Beechcraft continued to protest the decision, by appealing to the Court of Federal Claims, and the Air Force issued a stop work order this week, just days after Sierra Nevada was awarded a $355 million contract for an initial 20 aircraft, as well as training equipment and support.
Sierra Nevada said it won "a fair and open" contest that had been favorably reviewed by the Government Accountability Office (GAO). "We remain confident that the issue will be resolved expeditiously," Sierra Nevada added.
According to the GAO, the Air Force found "multiple deficiencies and significant weaknesses" in Hawker Beechcraft's AT-6 proposal for the LAS. The GAO supported an Air Force ruling that the company's request for a debrief was filed late and was therefore invalid.
Sierra Nevada noted that the Super Tucano was built specifically for counter-insurgency missions and thus required no further development. Six air forces are already using more than 150 of the aircraft in LAS-type missions. More than 18,000 combat hours had been logged without a loss, it added.
Hawker Beechcraft said that the AT-6 would offer logistics and cost efficiencies by adding the A-10C mission system and MC-12W sensor suite to the proven T-6 airframe. The Kansas-based OEM continued to claim that the AT-6 is the all-American solution.
Embraer and Sierra Nevada said that Super Tucano would be built in Jacksonville, Fla., by American employees, using parts or services supplied by more than 70 U.S. companies in 21 states.
According to Hawker Beechcraft, the LAS contract will ultimately be worth nearly $1 billion. The company has been downsizing to match depressed market conditions, and was hoping to boost turnover at its Wichita operation by clinching the LAS award.
Pierre Bernstein (not verified)
January 6, 2012 - 4:39pm
This seems to be a nationalistic, political and protectionist issue, where technical and more down to earth practical criteria should prevail.
Karl (not verified)
January 6, 2012 - 6:43pm
The Super Tucano is technically better and cheaper than the AT-6.
Stop crying, Hawker.
jim (not verified)
January 7, 2012 - 1:05am
1. Hawker is Canadian owned and have been moving their factories to Mexico. The 'Buy American" campaign is propaganda.
2. The USAF specified the contract was for an airplane in production, not a prototype as Hawker supplied.
3. The USAF notified Hawker of them being disqualified and Hawker misplaced the certified letter. It was found unopened on someone's desk 11 days after the deadline.
Chuck Byard (not verified)
February 2, 2012 - 8:52pm
At nearly 18 million a piece I don't how this is a bargain or even close to a reasonable. And that's just the quoted price before the inevitable cost overruns.


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Subscribe To Exclusive Moonrise Kingdom Blu-ray Bonus Clip Shows A True Khaki Scout Resignation Updates
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Wes Anderson's Moonrise Kingdom is an amusing tale of twelve-year-old love, written not for makeup-caked tween girls or surprisingly confident boys but for the adults who can totally appreciate the film's subtleties. Moonrise Kingdom is coming to Blu-ray and DVD on October 16 and, to celebrate the release, Universal Home Entertainment has brought us an excusive—and super cute clip—to share with fans.
Called "Letter of Resignation," the clip follows police officer Captain Sharp as he gets some pretty bad news: a young khaki scout has escaped his camp with an sufficient amount of supplies and a determined attitude. I wish we could actually meet the oddball character that is Sam Shakusky in the clip, but the voiceover note explaining his resignation from camp kind of explains the kind of kid the film is dealing with.
Moonrise Kingdom is about runaways, relationships, and one hell of a squall. If you missed the film in theaters, it stars Bill Murray, Bruce Willis, Frances McDormand, and Edward Murray, as well as the two kids key to the plot of the film, played by Jared Gilman and Kara Hayward. The set won't be too chock full of bonus features, but it will come with a "Welcome to the Island of Penzance" featurette, which should feature the best narrator ever, aka Bob Balaban. Additionally, a set tour with Bill Murray and a "Look inside Moonrise Kingdom." You can check out the cover art, below.


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Celebutante Paris Hilton is always known for painting Hollywood red on a big party night like Halloween, but was her Saturday night more frightful than fun?
According to the New York Post and several photo agencies, while Paris and boyfriend Doug Reinhardt seemed cheerful early in the evening at Heidi Klum's 10th Anniversary Halloween party, later in the evening, they were feuding.
VIEW THE PHOTOS: The Stars Celebrate Halloween, 2009
At one point, as evidenced in this photo, Doug reached around from the back seat of their limo and was restraining Paris.
Photographer Ramon Alves told the Post, "She was mad… She jumped in the front seat and [Doug] was holding her around the neck saying, 'Relax, relax.' "
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Celebs In Halloween Costumes
The couple headed from Heidi's party to the Roosevelt Hotel and then reportedly left there at around 3:30 AM.
And then, things really got strange.
At the corner of Sunset and La Brea Boulevard, their limo then reportedly came to a stop as Paris' cell phone went flying through the vehicle's window.
VIEW THE PHOTOS: Paris Hilton's Journey From 'Simple' To Superstar!
Witnesses on the scene reported Paris looking for the phone and not finding it, and ranting at Doug for throwing it out of the window.
A witness told the Post, "It got very physical. The limo driver was horrified!"
But on Sunday morning, all seemed to be A-OK in the heiress' world. On her Twitter account at 5:14 AM on Sunday, November 1, she wrote, "Tonight was amazing! Had the best Halloween ever! loves it!"
She later Tweeted, "Had such a relaxing day with my love. Doug and I barbequed and have been watching football all day. I love Sundays!" and "I had the best Halloween ever! What did everyone do on Halloween?"
Related Content from AccessHollywood.com:
PLAY IT NOW: Heidi Klum's 10th Annual Halloween Party (October 31, 2009)
PLAY IT NOW: Halloween Morning Mayhem 2009!
MORE ACCESS ON THESE TOPICS: Paris Hilton - Halloween - Train Wrecks - Heidi Klum - Twitter


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Teens Need Later Start to School Day, Doctors Group Says
High Schools, Middle Schools Should Begin Day No Earlier Than 8:30 a.m., American Academy of Pediatrics Says
High schools and middle schools should begin the day no earlier than 8:30 a.m. to help teenagers get more sleep, the American Academy of Pediatrics said Monday in its first policy statement on the issue.
Research indicates that later school start times result in improved physical and mental health and, in some cases, better student performance, according to the guidelines. One recent study found a 70% drop in car crashes involving teen drivers after an 80-minute delay in the start time at one high school....


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(A Choral Song Cycle)Andy Beck - Alfred Music Publishing
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Celebrate the seasons with this stunning fifteen-minute work. Each choral movement captures the beauty, the wonder, and the splendor of nature, with strong melodic writing, vivid poetry, and distinctive harmonic progressions. Obvious text painting creates a colorful tone picture, and innate musicality garners expressive singing from all choirs. The well-crafted piano parts provide a complete and textured accompaniment, or add the string quartet (live or recorded) for another shimmering layer. This is sure to be a successful and satisfying choral experience at any time of year. Songs include: Celebrate the Seasons; The Snow Begins to Fall; Welcome, Spring; Arise (Summer Has Now Begun) and Autumn.
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Skybuffer, web application developer, offers its web based checklist (i.e. Cloud Checklist) via the Skybuffer Cloud Checklist API . Users create work lists, schedule activities, and plan outings with Cloud Checklist. Through API integration, developers can include the entire suite of Cloud Checklist functionality directly in existing apps and workflows.
Although Skybuffer launched a short time ago, its developers and management bring a rich line of history and experience to a complicated space (e.g. business intelligence, ERP systems, B2B/B2C portals, etc.). Skybuffer understands the complexities that arise in day to day business operations and has built its reputation on streamlining processes. Cloud Checklist is a simple, free, straightforward solution to everyday work processes that most of the digital world has overlooked (e.g. list making and tracking).
The Cloud Checklist API uses REST protocol and returns calls in a JSON data format. Through the API, users can add lists, change/delete lists, create new items to a list, and manage lists. For more information, visit the developer site.
Many have outsourced daily tasks to apps. However, our mobile world has been overloaded with smart tools that pull our attention a million different ways at once. Cloud Checklist represents a simple tool that provides helpful functionality as a standalone app. However, when developers integrate its functionality with tools users are required to use on a daily basis, the value of Cloud Checklist is truly unveiled.


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The Robots Are Here
Not only are they taking our jobs—they're harbingers of a new libertarian age.
Isaac Asimov, the astonishingly prolific science fiction writer, died in 1992, but he foresaw much about American politics today. One of his most profound works is the neglected short story "Franchise," written in 1955, in the days when computers were bulky, room-sized machines powered by vacuum tubes and operated by a high priesthood of punch card-wielding technicians. For a work of fiction, it is stunningly prescient.
In Asimov's tale, set in November 2008, democratic elections have become nearly obsolete. A mysterious supercomputer said to be "half a mile long and three stories high," named Multivac, absorbs most of the current information about economic and political conditions and estimates which candidate is going to win. The machine, however, can't quite do the job on its own, as there are some ineffable social influences it cannot measure and evaluate. So Multivac picks out one "representative" person from the electorate to ask about the country's mood (sample query: "What do you think of the price of eggs?"). The answers, when combined with the initial computer diagnosis, suffice to settle the election. No one actually needs to vote.
Story Continued Below
Asimov was on to something: American political campaigns have indeed become extraordinarily sophisticated data-mining operations driven by smart computers, harvesting and sifting through vast virtual warehouses of demographic information and consumer preferences to manipulate and shape the electorate. They may not do the voting for us, but this new generation of intelligent machines can do just about everything else. And when it comes to humans actually casting their ballots, well, we hardly are surprised by the results: Computer-powered data jocks such as Nate Silver can predict the outcomes of most races and often the margins of victory as well. We're not too far off from the world of Asimov's protagonist, an Indiana department-store clerk dragooned into being America's lone "voter." "From the way your brain and heart and hormones and sweat glands work, Multivac can judge exactly how intensely you feel about the matter," the machine operators tell him. "It will understand your feelings better than you yourself."
Nearly 60 years after Asimov anticipated a decidedly dramatic intrusion of machines into our politics, we may not (yet) be offloading our democratic responsibilities to computers, but we are empowering them to reshape our economy and society in ways that could be just as profound. The rise of smart machines—technologies that encompass everything from artificial intelligence to industrial robots to the smartphones in our pockets—is changing how we live, work and play. Less acknowledged, perhaps, is what all this technological change portends: nothing short of a new political order. The productivity gains, the medical advances, the workplace reorganizations and the myriad other upheavals that will define the coming automation age will create new economic winners and losers; it will reorient our demographics; and undoubtedly, it will transform what we demand from our government.
You see, Linda, till about forty years ago, everybody always voted."… "How did all the people know who to vote for? Did Multivac tell them?" Matthew's eyebrows hunched down and he looked severe. "They just used their own judgment, girl." —Isaac Asimov, Franchise
The rise of the machines builds on deeper economic trends that are already roiling American society, including stagnant growth since 2001 and a greater openness to trade and foreign outsourcing. But it's the rapid increase in machines' ability to substitute for intelligent human labor that presages the greater disruption. We're on the verge of having computer systems that understand the entirety of human "natural language," a problem that was considered a very tough one only a few years ago. We're close to the point when we can fit the (articulable) knowledge of the entire world into the palm of our hands. Self-driving cars are making their way onto streets in California and Nevada. Whether you are a factory worker or an accountant, a waitress or a doctor, this is the wave that will lift you or dump you.
Even the robots so familiar from vintage science fiction are now really making their mark. Worldwide annual shipments of industrial robots have more than doubled in the past decade, according to the International Federation of Robotics. Taiwan's Foxconn, the world's largest contract electronics manufacturer, announced in 2011 that it would increase the use of robots in its factories one hundredfold, bringing its total to 1 million robots by 2014. South Korea is experimenting with robotic prison wardens that patrol and report inmates who do something wrong; Japanese restaurants are deploying fast-food robots to make and serve sushi. Meanwhile, lower-level tasks are now being automated by software programs, changing newsrooms, law firms, hospitals and countless other workplaces. Automation and other productivity improvements are expected to have eliminated 2.2 million business-services jobs in the United States and Europe from 2006 to 2016, at a rate of about 200,000 jobs annually, according to the Hackett Group, a Miami-based consultancy.
As one joke making the rounds has it, "A modern textile mill employs only a man and a dog—the man to feed the dog, and the dog to keep the man away from the machines." That is the world in which we now live.
The rise of intelligent machines will spawn new ideologies along with the new economy it is creating. Think of it as a kind of digital social Darwinism, with clear winners and losers: Those with the talent and skills to work seamlessly with technology and compete in the global marketplace are increasingly rewarded, while those whose jobs can just as easily be done by foreigners, robots or a few thousand lines of code suffer accordingly. This split is already evident in the data: The median male salary in the United States was higher in 1969 than it is today. Middle-class manufacturing jobs have been going away due to a mix of automation and trade, and they are not being replaced. The most lucrative college majors are in the technical fields, such as engineering. The winners are doing much better than ever before, but many others are standing still or even seeing wage declines.
These trends will only accelerate in the years to come, rewriting America's social contract in the process. We will move from a society based on the pretense that everyone is given a decent standard of living to one in which people are expected to fend for themselves. I imagine a world in which, say, 10 to 15 percent of the citizenry (or more, in due time) is extremely wealthy and has fantastically comfortable and stimulating lives, equivalent to those of current-day millionaires, albeit with better health care.
Much of the rest of the country will have stagnant or maybe even falling wages in dollar terms, but they will also have a lot more opportunities for cheap fun and cheap education. Many of these people will live quite well—especially those who have the discipline to benefit from all the free or nearly free services that modern technology makes available. Others will fall by the wayside.
The slogan "We are the 85 percent!" probably won't sound as compelling as the Occupy Wall Street version. It will become increasingly common to invoke "meritocracy" as a response to income inequality—whether you call it an explanation, a justification or an excuse is up to you. Since the self-motivated will find it easier to succeed than ever before, a new tier of people from poor and underprivileged backgrounds will claw their way to the top—Horatio Algers for the automation age.
This new digital meritocracy will prove self-reinforcing. Worthy individuals will rise from poverty on a regular basis, but that will only make it easier to ignore those left behind. The wealthy class will grow larger over time, and more influential. And the increasingly libertarian values of the wealthy will shape the public debate, strengthening the upper class's grip on the commanding heights of the economy and society, and pulling policy in their favor.
You might think the 85 percent would rise up in protest. Many commentators, influenced by widening income inequality and the Occupy Wall Street and Tea Party movements, are predicting exactly that scenario: an America torn by unrest and maybe even political violence. I do think we'll see some outbursts of trouble, but in the long run the picture will be fairly calm and indeed downright ordinary. Expect a society that will be more conservative, both politically and in the more literal sense of that term.


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This study aimed to assess the accuracy and clinical efficacy of a wrist-worn device that is based on peripheral arterial tonometry (watch-PAT) to evaluate the surgical results of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome subjects.
Thirty-five subjects who were diagnosed with OSA and underwent sleep surgeries such as septoplasty, tonsillectomy, or uvuloplasty to correct their airway collapse, participated in this study; the watch-PAT-derived respiratory disturbance index (RDI), apnea and hypopnea index (AHI), lowest oxygen saturation, and valid sleep time were measured after the sleep surgery.
The present study showed that RDI (32.8 ± 10.7 vs 14.8 ± 7.5), AHI (30.3 ± 8.6 vs 13.4 ± 8.2 events/h), lowest oxygen saturation (78.2% ± 8.4% vs 90.5% ± 7.1%), and valid sleep time (329.1 ± 47.2 min and a postoperative value of 389.1 ± 50.1 min) recovered to within a normal range after surgery in 28 subjects. In addition, good agreement was found between watch-PAT-derived factors and visual analogue scales for changes in subjective symptoms, such as snoring, apnea, and daytime somnolence. Seven of the 35 subjects showed no improvement for their subjective symptoms and complained of snoring and apnea after surgery. We found that the RDI and AHI of those 7 subjects were not reduced, and the changes between pre- and postoperative values which were measured with watch-PAT were minimal. Their postoperative lowest oxygen saturation and valid sleep time were not elevated per the watch-PAT. The results support a strong correlation between the findings from watch-PAT and improved symptoms after surgical correction of an airway collapse.
Our study provides evidence that the factors measured by the watch-PAT might be reliable indicators of symptomatic changes in OSA subjects after sleep surgery and also shows that the watch-PAT is a highly sensitive portable device for estimating treatment results in OSA.
Park CY; Hong JH; Lee JH; Lee KE; Cho HS; Lim SL; Kwak JW; Kim KS; Kim HJ. Clinical usefulness of watch-PAT for assessing the surgical results of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med 2014;10(1):43-47.
Sleep disordered breathing is a spectrum of diseases that includes snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).1 OSA is a common sleep disorder and is characterized by repeated episodes of partial or complete upper airway collapse during sleep, leading to poor sleep quality, sleep fragmentation, intermittent nighttime hypoxemia, reduced percentage of slow wave sleep, and increased sympathetic overdrive.1,2 OSA may induce excessive daytime somnolence, morning headaches, poor concentration, and decreased quality of life.1 If OSA persists without proper diagnosis and treatment, cardiovascular and neurocognitive disease may occur; consequently, early diagnosis of OSA is important for treatment and improvement of upper airway collapse.2
The gold standard for the diagnosis of OSA remains attended overnight full polysomnography (PSG). PSG monitors single or multiple physiologic variables during sleep.3 PSG has been also used for assessing OSA severity and is useful in selecting treatment modalities for OSA. In addition, PSG allows clinicians to test the treatment results of OSA, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and surgeries to improve airway collapse.4 However, full PSG has several disadvantages, such as a relatively expensive cost, full nighttime occupation at the laboratory or hospital, sleep disturbances caused by the presence of too many probes or sensors, a long waiting list, and an unfamiliar sleep environment. As a result, there exists a need for more simple devices to diagnose OSA and to estimate the severity of OSA for proper treatment. Recently, many portable devices have been developed as an alternative to full PSG for the diagnosis of OSA.
Current Knowledge/Study Rationale: Although full polysomnography is the most exact and standard tool for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The watch-PAT, one of portable devices showed good concordance with PSG for diagnosing OSA and might be useful for efficient CPAP titration or treatment. However, there is controversy over whether the watch-PAT is able to evaluate the success rate of OSA improvement after surgical treatment.
Study Impact: We proposed that the sleep parameters measured through watch-PAT can provide useful information about diagnosis of OSA, and the watch-PAT may be efficiently applied to assess treatment results of sleep surgeries.
The watch-PAT, which is a wrist-worn, portable device based on peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), may be useful for the ambulatory detection of OSA.5 The device is based on technology that uses a finger-mounted pneumo-optical sensor that eliminates venous pulsations and continuously measures the arterial pulse wave volume of the digit. Episodes of upper airway obstruction cause episodic vasoconstriction of digital vascular beds due to activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which results in attenuation of the PAT signal.6 The diagnosis of OSA is possible with this device using only five parameters: PAT signal, heart rate, oxyhemoglobin saturation, wrist activity without the conventional measurements of airflow, and respiratory effort. Some studies have attempted to assess the accuracy of the watch-PAT to diagnose and evaluate severity of OSA6,7; although they had several limitations, the watch-PAT showed good concordance with PSG for diagnosing OSA. Also the watch-PAT had several advantages, such as inexpensive cost, wide accessibility, ease of use, lower risk, and few side effects. Some reports have shown that the watch-PAT might be useful in reassessing OSA patients for efficacy of CPAP treatment.8 However, there is controversy over whether the watch-PAT is able to evaluate the success rate of OSA improvement after surgical treatment.
In the present study, we analyzed the clinical efficacy of both pre- and postoperative, overnight, in-house watch-PAT use as a full PSG substitution to assess OSA surgical results.
Thirty-five adult subjects who had been diagnosed with moderate or severe OSA in Chung-Ang University Hospital (Seoul, Korea) participated in the study; all subjects gave informed consent. These patients were required to fill out our hospital's sleep survey chart, which includes BMI, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and visual analog scale (VAS) survey for snoring and apnea. Intranasal endoscope, cephalography, and drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) were performed to evaluate airway narrowing and the exact site of airway collapse. All patients underwent DISE; among these patients, 25 showed severe narrowing (> 75%) of the nasopharynx and the retropalatal area. Of the remaining patients, 7 patients showed moderate narrowing (> 25%, < 75%) and 3 patients showed mild narrowing (< 25%) of the airway area. In cephalography, the mean posterior air space (PAS) was 8.1 ± 2.3 mm (reference range 11 ± 2 mm) and mandible plane to hyoid (MPH) was 12.5 ± 3.7 mm (reference range 19 ± 2 mm). Septal deviation, redundant uvula, or tonsil hypertrophy were observed in the subjects, and OSA was finally diagnosed using the watch-PAT 200 (Itamar Medical Ltd, Caesarea, Israel). CPAP was recommended as a primary OSA treatment, but the subjects had refused to wear the unit due to the long treatment duration and related sleep discomfort. For primary treatment, all 35 subjects received septoplasty, 23 subjects received uvuloplasty, and 12 subjects received tonsillectomy to correct airway narrowing. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) history of peripheral vasculopathy or autonomic nervous system dysfunction and mild OSA; (2) cardiac problems, severe lung disease, and use of α-adrenergic receptor-blocking agents; and (3) finger deformity that might affect application of the watch-PAT probe. In addition, we did not include the subjects who showed narrowed airway at tongue base and glottis. The subject population consisted of 27 males and 8 females. The mean body mass index was 22.3 kg/m2, and mean age was 50.7 years.
All subjects completed a pre- and postoperative research survey that included a visual analogue scale (scale 1-10 where 10 was totally satisfied) for snoring and apnea, and an Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to evaluate subjects' daytime sleepiness.6 The watch-PAT was performed twice: once prior to the sleep surgery and 2 months after the surgery. The apneahypopnea index (pAHI), respiratory distress index (pRDI), lowest oxygen saturation, and valid sleep time were evaluated. To analyze the watch-PAT results, PAT studies were uploaded for automated analysis on a personal computer using the COMPACTFLASH reader provided with the PAT software (zzz_PAT version 18.104.22.168, Itamar Medical Ltd, Caesarea, Israel). Kendall tau-b was used to assess correlation and agreement between the surgical results and watch-PAT data. All analysis was performed with SPSS (version 18.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) for Windows software. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
We recruited 35 subjects diagnosed with OSA and performed septoplasty, uvuloplasty, or tonsillectomy to resolve airway narrowing and to reduce airway collapse. Pre- and postoperative pAHI, pRDI, lowest oxygen saturation, and valid sleep time were evaluated. The mean pAHI for the 35 subjects was 30.3 ± 8.6 events/h when measured before sleep surgery using the watch-PAT, while the postoperative mean pAHI was 13.4 ± 8.2 events/h, showing a statistically significant reduction of pAHI after the sleep surgery (Figure 1A). The preoperative mean pRDI was 32.8 ± 10.7 events/h, while the postoperative mean pRDI was 14.8 ± 7.5 events/h; thus, postoperative pRDI was also significantly decreased after the sleep surgery (Figure 1B).
Change in watch-PAT-derived factors, such as AHI (A), RDI (B), low oxygen saturation (C), and valid sleep time (D), before and after sleep surgery (*p
(more ...)
The pre-operative lowest oxygen saturation value was 78.2% ± 8.4% while the postoperative value was 90.5% ± 7.1%, a statistically significant improvement (Figure 1C). Also, there was a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in valid sleep time, with a preoperative value of 329.1 ± 47.2 min and a postoperative value of 389.1 ± 50.1 min (Figure 1D).
These data show that surgical treatment for OSA is relatively successful when we analyze mean pAHI, pRDI, lowest oxygen saturation, and valid sleep time pre- and postoperatively using the watch-PAT. As a next step, we assessed the correlation between factors measured using the watch-PAT and the changes in subjective symptoms to determine whether the watch-PAT data were representative of an actual improvement in subjective symptoms after the sleep surgeries. Twenty-eight subjects showed good surgical results and were classified as the responder group. The VAS for snoring and apnea and the ESS scores for daytime somnolence were reduced after the sleep surgeries, and the pAHI, pRDI, lowest oxygen saturation, and valid sleep time from the watch-PAT were significantly improved. However, 7 of the 35 subjects who were classified as the non-responder group still complained of snoring, apnea, and daytime somnolence after the sleep surgery, and their pAHI, pRDI, lowest oxygen saturation, and valid sleep time from the watch-PAT had not significantly changed.
We then estimated the variability of pAHI, pRDI, lowest oxygen saturation, and valid sleep time and compared these changed values with the subjects' VAS and ESS scores to investigate the factors measured using the watch-PAT. Figure 2 shows a scatter plot of change in pre- and postoperative snoring VAS score vs. change in pre- and postoperative pRDI. We found a high correlation (r = 0.785, p < 0.05) and good agreement between change in snoring VAS score and change in pRDI. Also, Figure 2 shows a scatter plot of change in pre- and postoperative snoring VAS score vs. change in pre- and postoperative pAHI. We found a high correlation (r = 0.829, p < 0.05) and good agreement between change in snoring VAS score and change in pAHI. In other words, if a subject's apnea improved after sleep surgery, both pRDI and pAHI were reduced.
Change in pre- and postoperative VAS score for snoring vs. change in pre- and postoperative pRDI (r = 0.785, p
Figure 3 shows scatter plots of change in pre- and postoperative apnea VAS score vs. change in pre- and postoperative pRDI and pAHI. We found a high correlation (r = 0.809 for RDI, r = 0.765 for AHI, p < 0.05) and good agreement between these values. If a subject's apnea improved after the sleep surgery, both pAHI and pRDI were reduced. In particular, the 7 subjects who did not show improvement in VAS for snoring or apnea also did not show much improvement in pRDI or pAHI.
Change in pre- and postoperative apnea VAS score vs. change in pre- and postoperative pRDI (r = 0.809, p
We also evaluated the change in pre- and postoperative ESS score vs. change in pre- and postoperative pRDI and pAHI (Figure 4). We found a high correlation (r = 0.774 for RDI, r = 0.758 for AHI, p < 0.05) and high concordance between change in ESS score and pRDI and pAHI values. Again, the pRDI and pAHI values significantly decreased in subjects whose daytime somnolence was improved after the sleep surgery, but neither factor improved in subjects who still complained of daytime somnolence after sleep surgery.
Change in pre- and postoperative ESS score vs. change in pre- and postoperative pRDI correlation (r = 0.774, p
In this study, we assessed the surgical results of OSA subjects using the watch-PAT and found that factors such as pRDI, pAHI, lowest oxygen saturation, and valid sleep time that were measured by watch-PAT appear to be well correlated with the improvement in a subject's symptoms and reflect corrected airway narrowing.
The present accepted standard for OSA diagnosis is a full PSG in a sleep laboratory, and an overnight full PSG as a level I study is largely viewed as the most comprehensive. Full PSG involves 16 or more channels monitoring EEG, EKG, EOG, EMG, airflow oximetry, nasal pressure, esophageal pressure, body position, snoring sounds, and rib cage and abdominal movements.9 Full PSG should be performed in a hospital or sleep laboratory, with a sleep technologist and board certified sleep physician needed to score all the PSGs. The cost of such studies is relatively high, and they are carried out in an unfamiliar sleep environment.
Portable PSG units were developed because of several recognized advantages over sleep-laboratory PSG, including sleep in a more familiar and flexible environment, fewer monitor leads, more convenience for patients with respect to transportation, probable reduced sleep disturbance, less technical complexity, and lower cost.10 The 1994 AASM practice standards ultimately concluded that there were some limitations to portable PSG for OSA assessment, and the efficacy of portable PSG was still controversial. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of OSA have occurred largely based on data from full PSG, and portable PSG was assumed to not provide better or more reliable diagnosis of OSA or other sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Therefore, the AASM recommends that portable PSG should be used only in conjunction with a comprehensive sleep evaluation and must be supervised by a certified or eligible sleep medicine specialist.11
Many portable monitoring devices for the diagnosis of OSA have been tested as an alternative to full PSG. Several studies pronounced the validation of portable PSG for the diagnosis of OSA or accordance with full PSG, and the clinical concordance of AHI, RDI, and oxygen desaturation between portable and full PSG has been suggested.12,13
A portable PSG that uses pulsatile arterial tonometry, the watch-PAT might be accurate in identifying moderate-to-severe SDB. The watch-PAT device is unique since it allows for diagnosis of OSA through the detection of episodic vasoconstriction of the digital vascular beds rather than conventional measures of airflow and chest/abdominal excursion such as the PSG.14 The watch-PAT is a level III sleep study that detects peripheral arterial tonometry, making possible at-home testing. Also, the accuracy of watch-PAT in the diagnosis of OSA and related sleep factors between watch-PAT and full PSG have been assessed in various studies.10,15,16 Bar et al. reported that the PAT AHI and PSG AHI were in high concordance with each other across a wide range of AHI values.16 Similarly, a study performed by Pittman et al. compared PSG scoring data and watch-PAT data and showed a high correlation between PSG AHI and PAT AHI values.17 Due to the portability and low cost of the watch-PAT, sleep study may be conveniently and efficiently performed prior to and after CPAP therapy.15 The watch-PAT device is easy to use for home sleep studies, with a low failure rate for single use and with minimal technician time when compared with PSG.12,18 However, there have been a few studies in which the surgical results assessed after correcting airway narrowing using watch-PAT did not correlate well with the subjects' reported symptoms.
In the present study, we performed a sleep study using a watch-PAT both before and after sleep surgeries in order to diagnosis OSA and also evaluated the effect of surgical correction for airway collapse. We found that the mean values of the watch-PAT-derived parameters, such as pAHI, pRDI, lowest oxygen saturation, and valid sleep time were significantly improved after the sleep surgeries, and the watch-PAT appears to provide useful clinical information about the efficacy of sleep surgery and success or failure in correction for airway collapse.
Twenty-eight subjects were divided into responder groups after sleep surgery and showed an improvement in subjective symptoms such as snoring, apnea, and daytime somnolence. Their postoperative watch-PAT results showed a significant decrease in pAHI and pRDI values. In addition, oxygen saturation and valid sleep time were improved along with their reported subjective symptoms. These data suggest good correlation and agreement between a subject's symptoms and important parameters of the watch-PAT after surgical correction for airway collapse in OSA subjects. In particular, for the seven subjects who reported having no subjective improvement in snoring, apnea, or daytime somnolence, the watch-PAT also showed no significant change in pAHI, pRDI, lowest oxygen saturation, or valid sleep time, resulting in high correlation to the subjects' symptoms. We conclude that the watch-PAT might be a convenient portable device for evaluating surgical results, and the parameters of watch-PAT could compensate for the disadvantages of full PSG.
The present study did not validate the concordance between overnight PSG and the watch-PAT for measuring the sleep factors. However, many studies have reported the good agreement between the two devices,3–8 and our main goal was to determine the usefulness of the watch-PAT before and after surgical treatment in order to simply diagnosis and assess OSA results rather than focusing on the concordance between the PSG and the watch-PAT.
OSA is a condition that can greatly affect a person's quality of life and may also result in serious medical disease. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and early treatment are essential for OSA patients. The watch-PAT is easy to use for home sleep studies, with a low failure rate and minimal technical effort.10 The results of watch-PAT can be interpreted more simply than full PSG and provide useful information about the efficacy of sleep surgeries. This study demonstrates that the watch-PAT may be efficiently applied not only to the diagnosis of OSA, but also to accurately assess treatment results of sleep surgeries.
This was not an industry supported study. The authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.
Remmers JE, deGroot WJ, Sauerland EK, Anch AM, authors. Pathogenesis of upper airway occlusion during sleep. J Appl Physiol. 1978;44:931–8. [PubMed]
Peppard PE, Young T, Palta M, Skatrud J, authors. Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1378–84. [PubMed]
Kushida CA, Chang A, Gadkary C, Guillemanault C, Carrillo O, Dement WC, authors. Comparison of actigraphic, polysomnographic, and subjective assessment of sleep parameters in sleep-disordered patients. Sleep Med. 2001;2:389–96. [PubMed]
Rosario IC, author. Obstructive sleep apnea: A review and update. Minn Med. 2011;94:44–8. [PubMed]
Pillar G, Bar A, Betito M, et al., authors. An automatic ambulatory device for detection of AASM defined arousals from sleep: the WP100. Sleep Med. 2003;4:207–12. [PubMed]
Schnall RP, Shlitner A, Sheffy J, Kedar R, Lavie P, authors. Periodic, profound peripheral vasoconstriction—a new marker of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep. 1999;22:939–46. [PubMed]
Onder NS, Akpinar ME, Yigit O, Gor AP, authors. Watch peripheral arterial tonometry in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea: influence of aging. Laryngoscope. 2012;122:1409–14. [PubMed]
O'Donnell CP, Allan L, Atkinson P, Schwartz AR, authors. The effect of upper airway obstruction and arousal on peripheral arterial tonometry in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:965–71. [PubMed]
Kushida CA, Littner MR, Morgenthaler T, et al., authors. Practice parameters for the indications for polysomnography and related procedures: an update for 2005. Sleep. 2005;28:499–521. [PubMed]
Pillar G, Bar A, Shlitner A, Schnall R, Shefy J, Lavie P, authors. Autonomic arousal index: an automated detection based on peripheral arterial tonometry. Sleep. 2002;25:543–9. [PubMed]
Zou D, Grote L, Peker Y, Lindblad U, Hedner J, authors. Validation a portable monitoring device for sleep apnea diagnosis in a population based cohort using synchronized home polysomnography. Sleep. 2006;29:367–74. [PubMed]
Choi JH, Kim EJ, Kim YS, et al., authors. Validation study of portable device for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea according to the new AASM scoring criteria: Watch-PAT 100. Acta Otolaryngol. 2010;130:838–43. [PubMed]
Pang KP, Grourin CG, Terris DJ, authors. A comparison of polysomnography and the Wath-PAT in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;137:665–68. [PubMed]
Penzel T, Kesper K, Pinnow I, Becker HF, Vogelmeier C, authors. Peripheral arterial tonometry, oximetry and actigraphy for ambulatory recording of sleep apnea. Physiol Meas. 2004;25:1025–36. [PubMed]
Ayas NT, Pittman S, MacDonald M, White DP, authors. Assessment of a wrist-worn device in the detection of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med. 2003;4:435–42. [PubMed]
Bar A, Pillar G, Dvir I, Sheffy J, Schnall RP, Lavie P, authors. Evaluation of a portable device based on peripheral arterial tone for unattended home sleep studies. Chest. 2003;123:695–703. [PubMed]
Pittman SD, Ayas NT, MacDonald MM, Malhotra A, Fogel RB, White DP, authors. Using a wrist-worn device based on peripheral arterial tonometry to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea: in-laboratory and ambulatory validation. Sleep. 2004;27:923–33. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Yin M, Miyazaki S, Ishikawa K, authors. Evaluation of type 3 portable monitoring in unattended home setting for suspected sleep apnea: factors that may affect its accuracy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;134:204–9. [PubMed]


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Multiple Berkshire County Schools Subject Of Bomb Threat
Collision Involving B Bus Closes Route 8 in Cheshire
CHESHIRE, Mass. — Route 8 was closed to traffic in Cheshire early Thursday afternoon because of a major accident involving a bus and Ford Taurus. State police were reporting "multiple injuries, some serious."
According to scanner reports, three people were considered "critical" and four as minor injuries. The accident occurred just after noontime near the crosswalk just north of Lanesborough Road.
The southbound Berkshire Regional Transit Authority bus veered off the road and into the front yard of a white house on the east side. Both vehicles sustained major front-end damage.
Cheshire Fire Assistant Chief Michael Biagini confirmed seven people total from both the Taurus and the bus were taken to the hospital. He did not know how many people were on the bus at the time and did not know if those in the car were wearing seat belts.
Berkshire Gas was contacted because the bus came to rest next to the gas meter on the house.
"The homeowner was home at the time in the house but was uninjured," Biagini said "They're building a temporary wall inside the house before we can remove the bus."
He referred further questions to the district attorney's office.
A motorist several cars behind the bus said he had come through the light at West Mountain Road and was at about Cheshire Liquor Center when the crash occurred.
"As we got by the driveway, there was a big poof of smoke ... The cars in front pulled over, I pulled over, and they got out and ran up," he said.
The driver said he did not see the accident occur because the bus had just pulled around the slight bend in the road toward the lake and the view was blocked.
Four or five ambulances responded to the scene, he said.
Traffic was beginning to move at about 1:23 p.m.
Village Truck Sales towing was on the scene, but the house had to be secured before the bus can be removed.
We have contacted BRTA for a statement on the incident.
Crash on Rt 8 Chesire involves transit bus and van, and then into a residence. Serious injuries confirmed. Rt8 remains closed.— Mass State Police (@MassStatePolice) December 17, 2015
Cheshire Police Seeking Information on Playground Vandalism
CHESHIRE, Mass. — The Cheshire Police Department is asking for residents with any information to contact the station about vandalism at the school playground.
According to a post Monday afternoon on the department's Facebook page the new playground equipment at Cheshire Elementary school has been vandalized.
The post read:
"Someone has vandalized the new playground equipment that numerous volunteers spent countless hours erecting. Now those same volunteers are spending their Columbus Day scrubbing and cleaning the equipment."
The police are investigating and urge residents with any information call the cruiser cell phone at 413-446-3920 or the station at 413-743-1501 and leave a message.
"In such a close tight knit Community, we cannot allow for this to happen again," read the post. "Thanks for your help and a BIG thanks to the volunteers over there cleaning it up."
Last year the Cheshire Parent-Teacher Group inquired of the Selectmen about the possibility of replacing old equipment.
The playground committee needed to raise $12,000 for the equipment that would be matched by the playground developer.
After receiving a William and Margery Barrett Fund grant for $8,000, in addition to $4,000 of raised money, the playground committee was able to install the playground.
Pittsfield Police Asking Residents To ID Stolen Property
PITTSFIELD, Mass. — Police have recovered hundreds of pieces of jewelry and other items that are not matching up with their records of items reported stolen in a recent rash of break-ins.
Anyone who has had their home broken into prior to March 22 is being asked to identify their possessions at an open house on Saturday, June 8, from 10 to 2 at the Police Department on Allen Street.
Police say the items either haven't been reported stolen or were stolen from homes outside of city. The investigation is being done by state, Cheshire, Lanesborough and Pittsfield police. Some of the recovered property has already be linked to break-ins in those communities and in Richmond.
Police have arrested Christopher Maschino Jr., 21, and Anne Haughey, 21, both of Pittsfield, in connection with the break-ins.
Even if the owners of the seized property can identify it, they cannot take possession of their items immediately because they are being held as evidence until released by the district attorney's office.
Attendees are required to bring a valid identification to the open house and are asked to bring any ownership documents.
Cheshire Accident Sends Four to Hospital
The Yaris was totaled and had to be towed away.
CHESHIRE, Mass. — Four people were taken to the hospital and a section of Route 8 was closed after a three-car accident at the Lanesborough Road intersection.
According to police, a 2009 Nissan Frontier driven by Earl Kahill, 72, of Hampton, N.Y. failed to stop at the end of Lanesborough Road and continued into the highway, colliding with a 2007 Toyota Yaris driven by Christopher Plankey, 33, of Adams.
The Frontier then spun off the road and hit a parked car in Joanie's parking lot.
Police said Kahill was unable to see the stop sign because of the heavy fog.
Unusually warm temperatures caused heavy fog throughout the region as the evening progressed.
Four of the five people in the Yaris suffered injuries and were transported to Berkshire Medical Center in Pittsfield. Police said the injuries were not life-threatening.
The Yaris was totaled and the Frontier had a broken axle, which could lead to it being deemed totaled as well.
The accident occurred shortly after 8 p.m. and traffic was rerouted over Farnam's Road and over Lanesborough Road. Adams, Action and County ambulance services responded to the scene; Lanesborough Police worked the detour at Farnam's Road.
The road was reopened shortly after 9 p.m.


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Congratulations to tideandthyme, whose IPA-Battered Fish and Chips won this week's contest for Your Best Pub Food!
1. Describe an early food experience that has influenced the way you think about food and/or cooking.I remember watching Yan Can Cook with my mom at a very young age. The wok, the flames, Martin's knife skills - they all were mesmerizing!
2. What's your least favorite food?Veal. Can't do much with baby cows.
3. What is the best thing you've made so far this year?A pork tenderloin with Madeira fig gravy, made with figs from the back yard. A complete "bomb drop" that I wasn't anticipating!
4. Describe your most spectacular kitchen disaster.There was an episode in my early days making meatballs. I think I added too much milk - they held their shape in the sauce, but completely turned to mush in your mouth!
5. What is your idea of comfort food? Chicken and dumplings. Flat or "slick" dumplings too, mind you.
6. Apron or no apron? No apron. I really should though, countless cute tops have suffered...
7. What's your favorite food-related scene in a movie? Goodfellas, with all the guys in jail. Paulie and his method for slicing the garlic, Vinny adding too many onions to the sauce, Johnny Dio frying steaks. It just puts you right there with them - and I love it.
8. If you could make a show-stopping dinner for one person, living or dead, who would it be? Julia Child. She is such an icon and an inspiration, and has always put everyone at ease in the kitchen.
9. You prefer to cook: a) alone; b) with others; c) it depends on your mood.It depends on my mood - some nights you just want to get dinner on the table, but there's nothing better than getting together with friends for a make your own pizza party or taco bar!
10. When it comes to tidying up, you usually: a) clean as you cook; b) do all the dishes once you've finished cooking; c) leave the kitchen a shambles for your spouse/roommate/kids to clean.C. That was always a part of the deal from the get-go. With a great husband, and 2 little boys - I have to admit I have a handy team of kitchen helpers!
See what other Food52 readers are saying.


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High-Speed Slow Motion Digital Cameras., Pasadena CA | High Resolution Digital Cameras
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Having a base of repeat consumers is important to keeping a business alive. If customers like the way your website looks, and when they could easily navigate it, they are more likely to purchase more Pasadena high resolution digital cameras from you. You could stay in the forefront of your customers' minds by using email newsletters which could encourage them to repeat business with you. You could increase your branding and encourage repeat business through marketing tools like email newsletters and regularly scheduled promotions.
Make sure to add new high resolution digital cameras often to refresh your online shop. Pasadena customers are sure to shop in your online shop more frequently when you have a variety of latest high resolution digital cameras. Convince your regular visitors into coming back to your business regularly by continually including new high resolution digital cameras that energize them. It is easy to tell your customers of your new high resolution digital cameras and services by putting them in a newsletter.
When you're running an internet store you need to be constantly appealing to new clientele. Gaining new customers is really the result of having a maintained website that stays current. Keep track of activity on your Pasadena website with traffic analysis tools. The tools you choose to help make your business decisions are essential, so make sure to pick the right ones.
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Miller & Carter Scunthorpe
Messingham Road, Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, DN17 2QZ 01724 842952
Messingham Road, Scunthorpe, Lincolnshire, DN17 2QZ 01724 842952
Sign up to Steak Club to be the first to hear about exciting news, offers, and of course everyone's favourite subject – Steak!
When you sign up we'll treat you a complimentary glass of wine when you purchase a main meal, just check your email to receive your voucher.
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Free shipping over € 149
Free shipping over € 149
Thanks to the classic and rounded shapes designed by Stefano Giovannoni, Mami tea saucer is a versatile item that can be used not only with the cup of the same series. The saucer is ideal for a breakfast, an aperitif or an afternoon break. Mami tableware is made of white porcelain.
The tableware designed by Stefano Giovannoni is characterised by a timeless classicism. The Mami collection offers a rich and complete dish service, ideal for forming an elegant table and able to adapt to different occasions. The soft and rounded lines of the dish set are exalted by white porcelain that, thanks to its play of light, embellishes this service.VIEW THE COMPLETE RANGE
Born in La Spezia in 1954, Stefano as an architect and designer was taught by Buti at Florence University. In the early 80's he founded the King-Kong Production Group along with Guido Venturini. His explosive talent enables him to embody a complex system of 'affective codes' in his projects. This great approach won him the title of 'Super & Popular' designer in the 90's. A technical designer par excellence he has industrial design in his DNA and the capacity to understand public sentiment like no other designer mentioned in this catalogue. His projects began with the "Girotondo" (1989 designed with Guido Venturini) and the first transparent objects in plastic from the "Family Follows Fiction" series (1993). There is a huge number of his items in the "Officina Alessi", "Alessi" and "A di Alessi" catalogues. www.stefanogiovannoni.it


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ReineComm necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 78 diseños de 16 diseñadores freelance.
Reine Communications
My name is Michelle Leroux, I own a PR consulting firm called Reine Communications. Reine is my middle name, it means Queen in French. I am a one-person show with clients ranging from conservative hotel properties like the Pan Pacific Vancouver to the artistically driven and edgy snowboard brand Endeavor Snowboards. I love snow and have had a snowflake tattoo since I was 18. A lot of my clients are travel / ski & snowboard industry focused. I also work on event promotion - film festivals, photo contests, Crankworx mtn bike events etc. I have been doing more and more work in social media strategy as well - running the accounts to teaching workshops to newbies on Twitter / Facebook etc..
I am a content person, not a technical person. I (Michelle Leroux) am somewhat of a brand in Whistler and the ski industry - a lot of people know me and my work. I like to be cheeky and push things a little. I really love being the connector, relationships are huge in what I do and I am always thankful to the media for coverage I get. I am a very passionate and hard worker and people like me. Straight forward and honest. My current website is conservative / cluttered and boring.
For attracting new clients:
This is both for youth focused ski and snowboard / mountain bike industry (35%) and travel / hotel / event clients (65%). Clients I have worked with include Whistler Blackcomb, Kokanee Crankworx, Pan Pacific Vancouver, Whistler Film Festival, Deep Summer Photo Challenge, Endeavor Snowboards, Airhole Face Masks. A lot about mountain culture.
For media consumption:
I will be targeting the media with this logo as well. So, I want to convey some of my personality and aesthetic. The media I work with are usually edgy, kind of cynical, not very affluent but very well-traveled, cultured and intelligent. The media I deal with don't suffer fools. A lot of them are very involved in ski/snow industry or the travel media industry.
I want a clean and simple logo...I currently have a wordmark right now but would be open to having some kind of representative icon. I will be using this logo on my website / Twitter avatar, facebook business page so if logo includes some kind of graphic that should work without the words (Reine Communications) as my icon. The title of my business is rather long so having something that could represent my brand without the name or just with Reine would be great. I am about mountain culture / nature / snow. Not city or street graffiti. Not too sophisticated. Approachable and fun.
I hope this helps, I am really excited!!
The attached files are some images and ideas that I have used on moo business cards.
Notes: Natalie Dee (love her stuff), Digital Orca file is b/c I love that digitization look, not so much the whale, crows are cool, Burmis Tree avatar is a personal and significant symbol to me, some pics of me. I enjoy the work of Douglas Coupland.
Website: http://www.reinecommunications.com
Twitter: @michelleleroux & @reinecomm
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/reinecomm
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