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To determine if periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) are associated with nocturnal cardiac arrhythmia.
2,793 community-dwelling older men underwent polysomnography with measurement of limb movements and EKG. Logistic regression assessed association of periodic limb movement index and periodic limb movement arousal index with arrhythmia including atrial fibrillation and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia detected by polysomnography. Models were adjusted for age, race, cardiovascular risk factors, and clinic site. Secondary analyses were subset to men without calcium channel/β-adrenergic medication usage, and stratified by congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction history.
In the overall cohort, periodic limb movement index, and periodic limb movement arousal index were not associated with ventricular or atrial arrhythmia after considering potential confounders. In men not taking calcium channel/β-blocking medication, increased adjusted odds of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia were observed for periodic limb movement index (OR = 1.30 per SD increase; 95% CI 1.00, 1.68) and periodic limb movement arousal index (OR = 1.29 per SD increase; 95% CI 1.03, 1.62). In men with CHF or MI, there was a suggested association of atrial fibrillation with periodic limb movement index (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 0.96, 1.73 per SD increase; p = 0.09) or periodic limb movement arousal index (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.94, 1.57 per SD increase; p = 0.14), although results were not statistically significant.
There is not an association between PLMS and cardiac arrhythmia in all older men but in subsets of men, particularly those with structural heart disease and not on calcium channel or β-adrenergic medication, cardiac arrhythmia does associate with PLMS.
Koo BB; Mehra R; Blackwell T; Ancoli-Israel S; Stone KL; Redline S; for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Group. Periodic limb movements during sleep and cardiac arrhythmia in older men (MrOS sleep). J Clin Sleep Med 2014;10(1):7-11.
Periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) consist of recurring muscular activations in the legs which occur in sleep. Individual movements involve contractions of foot and leg muscles lasting seconds and in severe cases can number into the hundreds each night.1 The clinical significance of these repetitive movements is unclear, but when they occur with arousal, sleep fragmentation and daytime somnolence can result.2 We recently demonstrated that PLMS in elderly men are also associated with incident myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease.3 PLMS have also been associated with increased mortality in a cohort of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).4 Mechanisms underlying this increased mortality and cardiovascular risk are not firmly established, but autonomic nervous system hyperactivity is an intriguing possibility. This is supported by the observation that PLMS, occurring both with and without cortical arousal, are associated with stereotypic autonomic responses consisting of increases in both blood pressure and heart rate followed by a heart rate decline below the pre-movement rate.5–7
Current Knowledge/Study Rationale: Periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) are associated with increased sympathetic nervous activity which may increase individual susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmia. The purpose of this study was to determine if cardiac arrhythmia was more common in individuals with PLMS.
Study Impact: The current finding that PLMS is associated with cardiac arrhythmia in subsets of older men with structural heart disease and those not taking certain anti-arrhythmic medications suggests that men with PLMS may have increased susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmia. Clinicians should be aware of this potential association between PLMS and cardiac arrhythmia, but at the present time additional investigation is needed in this area to make more concrete clinical inferences.
The repetitive occurrence of this sympathovagal response throughout the night may contribute to cardiovascular risk through altering vascular tone, endothelial integrity, and/or by triggering cardiac arrhythmias. Specifically, sympathetic nerve hyperactivity may induce electrical irritability in cardiac ventricles, triggering ventricular arrhythmia, while dysfunctional vagal modulation may inhibit atrioventricular nodal function, leading to atrially mediated arrhythmia.8–10 Alternatively, PLMS may be a marker for poor cardiovascular health. It may be that PLMS do not provoke arrhythmia but rather both of these entities arise from autonomic abnormalities.
To address whether PLMS are associated with cardiac arrhythmias, we analyzed data from the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men Study (MrOS Sleep Study). The MrOS Sleep cohort is a large population-based sample of older men designed to examine multiple sleep related exposures and their potential association with cardiovascular outcomes. We hypothesized that the frequency of PLMS with and without arousal would be associated with increased rates of nocturnal ventricular and atrial arrhythmias and conduction delays. In addition, we explored whether the use of medications with anti-arrhythmic properties modified any relationship between PLMS and arrhythmias and examined data from men with prior myocardial infarction (MI) or CHF to determine if they, in particular, had increased associations of PLMS to cardiac rhythm disturbances.
The MrOS Sleep Study was conducted between December 2003 and March 2005 and included a comprehensive sleep assessment in 3,135 elderly male participants of the parent Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study cohort. The study involved 6 clinical centers (Birmingham, AL Minneapolis, MN; Palo Alto, CA; Pittsburgh, PA; Portland, OR; and San Diego, CA), a coordinating center (San Francisco Coordinating Center) and a Sleep Reading Center (Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH). Study design and methods of recruitment have been previously published.11,12 Of the 3,135 men from the MrOS Sleep Study cohort, 179 refused polysomnography and an additional 45 had unusable data, resulting in 2,911 subjects who underwent home polysomnography. Men with missing polysomnographic data were more likely to be of minority race (p < 0.001), but were similar for all other characteristics examined. In addition, 118 men with pacemaker implantation were excluded from the analysis, leaving 2,793 men in the analytic sample. Protocols were approved by the institutional review board at each site, and all participants provided written informed consent.
Unattended in-home polysomnography (PSG; Safiro, Compumedics, Inc., Melborne, Australia) was conducted, with a recording montage that included: C3/A2 and C4/A1 electroencephalography, bilateral electrooculography, submental electromyography, thoracic and abdominal respiratory inductance plethysmography, naso-oral thermistry, nasal pressure transduction, finger pulse oximetry, lead I EKG (sampled at 250 Hz) and bilateral anterior tibialis piezoelectric movement sensors. Home visits were performed by centrally-trained staff using procedures previously described.13 Data were scored by certified research polysomnologists at the central Sleep Reading Center using standardized criteria modified for use in large cohort studies, with established high levels of reliability.13,14 Apneas were identified by the near absence of airflow lasting ≥ 10 sec, while hypopneas were identified by ≥ 30% reduction of breathing amplitude lasting ≥ 10 sec as assessed by the summed abdominal and thoracic respiratory inductance signal or, when unclear, by the other respiratory signals. For this analysis, only apneas and hypopneas linked to ≥ 3% oxygen desaturation were included in the apneahypopnea index (AHI; i.e., total number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep).13 Arousals were scored according to published guidelines and summarized as the total number of arousals per hour of sleep (arousal index).15
Periodic limb movements were scored to be consistent with the AASM guidelines active at the time sleep studies in this cohort began. Individual leg movements were scored if there was a clear amplitude increase from baseline and the duration of movement was ≥ 0.5 sec and ≤ 5.0 seconds. To be considered periodic and for a final determination of PLMS, ≥ 4 movements needed to occur in succession no less and no more than 5 and 90 sec apart, respectively, according to the AASM criteria at the time of scoring.16 Leg movements following respiratory events were excluded unless they were part of a 4 (or more) movement cluster with ≥ 2 movements occurring independently of respiratory events. The periodic limb movement index (PLMI) was computed as the total number of periodic leg movements per hour of sleep and the periodic limb movement arousal index (PLMAI) was calculated as the total number of periodic leg movements per hour of sleep in which EEG arousal occurred within 3 sec of movement termination.17 An in-laboratory validation study conducted in 51 subjects in whom the PLMI was assessed concurrently in a blinded fashion using piezoelectric leg sensors scored using the original AASM criteria and using leg electromyography scored using the 2007 AASM criteria showed a correlation of r = 0.81.16,18 PLMI and PLMAI were examined as continuous variables in models.
As part of the polysomnographic montage, single lead (Lead I) electrocardiography (EKG) was used to monitor heart rate and rhythm. EKG-specific software (Somte; CompuMedics Ltd., Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia) was used by a trained scorer to manually annotate the EKG signals while blinded to leg movement and all other signals. Arrhythmia of uncertain category was arbitrated by a medical physician (RM). A physician also confirmed atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) and complex ventricular ectopy (CVE) when identified by the polysomnologist. Arrhythmia outcomes identified by polysomnography were defined as described previously.19
Ventricular arrhythmias annotated and summarized were: premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) ≥ 5/h, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT: ≥ 3 consecutive ventricular ectopic beats with a mean rate of ≥ 100 beats/min) and complex ventricular ectopy defined as the occurrence of bigeminy, trigeminy, or quadrimeny or NSVT (CVE). Atrial arrhythmias were: premature atrial contractions (PACs) occurring ≥ 5 times per hour, AF (paroxysmal or continuous); supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Conduction delay arrhythmias were: sinus pause with a duration ≥ 3 sec; first-degree atrioventricular (AV) block; second-degree AV block; and intraventricular conduction delay. For AV block identification, the PR interval was manually determined with the use of software-based calipers based upon a 20-sec random sampling of artifact-free EKG from the beginning of each sleep study. AV block was defined by an average PR interval ≥ 200 milliseconds.
Other information was collected at a clinic visit generally conducted within 1 month of the PSG recording (mean 6.9 ± 15.8 days before the recording). Questionnaires included information about demographic characteristics, medical history, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use. History of coronary heart disease (CHD) was defined as self-report of prior diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI), angina, bypass surgery, or angioplasty. Medications, both prescription and nonprescription, were inventoried, verified by examining pill bottles, and matched to ingredient(s) using the Iowa Drug Information Service (IDIS) Drug Vocabulary (College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA).20 Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) measured physical activity level.21 Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and resting blood pressure were also measured. Prevalent hypertension was defined when ≥ 1 of the following criteria were present: antihypertensive medications usage (ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, β-adrenergic blockers, diuretics, and angiotensin II receptor antagonists), hypertension self-report, or systolic or diastolic pressure ≥ 140 or 90 mm Hg, respectively.
Participants were categorized across categories of PLMI (< 5, 5 to < 30, ≥ 30) and PLMAI (< 1, 1 to < 5 and ≥ 5); these categories were chosen based upon their close approximation of tertiles. Participant characteristics were compared across categories using χ2 tests for categorical variables, ANOVA for normally distributed continuous variables, and Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables with skewed distributions. Proportions of all outcomes by PLMI and PLMAI category were calculated, and a Chochran-Armitage test for trend was performed to examine an unadjusted linear trend across the categories.
Logistic regression was used to assess the association between PLMI or PLMAI and arrhythmia binary outcomes defined as occurrences (yes; no) of: NSVT, CVE, AF, supraventricular tachycardia, sinus pause, and first-degree AV block or of PVC ≥ 5/h and PAC ≥ 5/h. Model results are presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Models were minimally adjusted for clinic, age, race, and BMI. These models were then further adjusted for smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and AHI. The full multivariable model was further adjusted by covariates that could be on the intermediate pathway (prevalent hypertension, history of CHD, history of congestive heart failure [CHF], history of diabetes and use of β-blockers or calcium channel blockers).
Interactions were explored between PLMI or PLMAI and exposures that may modify arrhythmia susceptibility: (1) Use of β-adrenergic or calcium channel blocker medications due to a reduction in cardiac ectopy associated with these medications, and (2) Presence of structural heart disease as suggested by CHF or MI because of underlying increased susceptibility to sympathoexcitation.22,23 Stratifications by these parameters were performed when interactions were p < 0.10.
All significance levels reported were two-sided. Analyses were conducted using SAS version 9.2 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC).
The sample of 2,793 men was predominantly Caucasian, with a mean age of 76.2 ± 5.5 years. Table 1 shows other baseline demographic characteristics of the overall cohort and the cohort stratified by PLMI and PLMAI categories. Almost one half of the sample had a PLMI ≥ 30 (44.7%; n = 1,248). Having higher levels of PLMI was associated with older age, Caucasian race, coronary heart disease, as well as with a higher arousal index and lower AHI. Having higher levels of PLMAI was observed in almost 27% (n = 750) of the sample. Increasing PLMAI category was associated with older age, Caucasian race, coronary heart disease, higher AHI and arousal index and the use of β-blocker medications. Neither PLMI nor PLMAI were associated with diabetes, prevalent hypertension, BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, or CHF.
Distributions of participant characteristics by PLMI
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Table 2 shows the distributions of the different arrhythmia types in the overall cohort and according to PLMI and PLMAI category. Of the ventricular arrhythmias, ventricular ectopy identified as PVCs at a rate ≥ 5/h, was most common, observed in almost 42% of men. Complex ventricular arrhythmia was observed in 37.3% of men, while 3.2% were observed to have non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Of the atrial arrhythmias, 60.0% had ≥ 5 PACs/h, while 23.0% had supraventricular tachycardia and 4.8% had paroxysms or sustained periods of AF. Of the conduction delay arrhythmias, sinus pauses were observed in 13.3% of men, with periods of first and second degree AV block observed in 40.1% and 2.2% of men, respectively. Modest but significant increases in the frequencies of PVCs (≥ 5/h), NSVT, CVE, PACs (≥ 5/h), and AF were observed with increasing PLMI category. In contrast, no association between PLMI category and conduction delays was observed. For increasing PLMAI category, significant increases were seen for frequencies of NSVT, CVE, PACs (≥ 5/h), sinus pause, and first degree AV block.
Distributions of cardiac arrhythmias by categories of periodic limb movements
For ventricular arrhythmias including premature ventricular contractions, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia and complex ventricular ectopy, no significant associations were seen with PLMI or PLMAI after adjustment for multiple covariates (Table 3). For the outcome of NSVT, there were interactions between use of calcium channel/β-adrenergic blocking medication and both PLMI (p = 0.08) and PLMAI (p < 0.01). When considering the subset of men without β-adrenergic/calcium channel blocking medication usage (n = 1,763), after adjusting for clinic site, age, race, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, AHI, prevalent hypertension, history of coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, and diabetes, NSVT was associated with both PLMI (odds ratio of 1.30 per SD increase; 95% CI 1.00, 1.68) and PLMAI (odds ratio of 1.29 per SD increase; 95% CI 1.03, 1.62) (Figure 1).
Associations of PLMI and PLMAI to prevalent nocturnal ventricular arrhythmia
In subjects not using β-adrenergic or calcium channel blocking medications, there was significantly increased odds of NSVT associated with PLMI (OR 1.30 per SD increase; 95% CI 1.00, 1.68) and PLMAI (OR 1.29 per SD increase; 95% CI 1.03, 1.62). Adjusted for clinic site, age, race, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, AHI, prevalent hypertension, history of coronary heart disease, history of diabetes, history of congestive heart failure.*p-value < 0.05 NSVT, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia; OR, odds ratio; PLMAI, periodic limb movement arousal index; PLMI, periodic limb movement index; SD, standard deviation.
Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia outcome: interaction of PLMS and use of β-adrenergic or calcium channel blocking medicationIn subjects not using β-adrenergic or calcium channel blocking medications, there was significantly increased odds of NSVT associated with PLMI (OR 1.30 per SD increase; 95% CI 1.00, 1.68) and PLMAI (OR 1.29 per SD...
Among the atrial arrhythmias including premature atrial contractions, atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia, no significant associations were seen with PLMI or PLMAI after adjustment for multiple covariates (Table 3). For the outcome of AF, there were significant interactions between history of CHF or MI and both PLMI (p = 0.03) and PLMAI (p = 0.01); consequently stratification of the cohort by cardiac history was conducted. Among 532 men with CHF or myocardial infarction, after full adjustment there was a suggestion of association with AF and PLMI (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 0.96, 1.73 per SD increase; p = 0.09) and PLMAI (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.94, 1.57 per SD increase; p = 0.14), although results did not reach statistical significance (Figure 2).
For those subjects with structural heart disease, CHF or MI, there was a suggestion of an association with AF and PLMI (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 0.96, 1.73 per SD increase; p = 0.09) and PLMAI (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.94, 1.57 per SD increase; p = 0.14), although results did not reach statistical significance. Adjusted for clinic site, age, race, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, AHI, prevalent hypertension, history of coronary heart disease, history of diabetes, and β-blocker or calcium channel blocker use. CHF, congestive heart failure; OR, odds ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; PLMAI, periodic limb movement arousal index; PLMI, periodic limb movement index.
Atrial fibrillation outcome: interaction of PLMS and history of CHF or MIFor those subjects with structural heart disease, CHF or MI, there was a suggestion of an association with AF and PLMI (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 0.96, 1.73 per SD increase; p = 0.09) and PLMAI (OR = 1.21,...
Among the conduction delay arrhythmias, first degree AV block was associated with PLMAI in minimally and fully adjusted models such that for every SD increase in PLMAI, the odds of having first-degree AV block increased by 12% (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03, 1.21 per SD increase; Table 3). This association became statistically nonsignificant when subjects taking calcium channel or β-adrenergic blocking medication were excluded. For sinus pause arrhythmia, neither PLMI nor PLMAI was significantly associated with increased risk after minimal or full multivariable adjustment. There was a significant interaction between history of CHF or MI and PLMAI (p = 0.02). In the subset of men with CHF or MI, increases in PLMAI were associated with increasing odds of having sinus pauses (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.03, 1.58 per SD increase) after full multivariable adjustment.
In this community sample of older men, PLMS frequency with and without arousal was not associated with ventricular, atrial or conduction delay cardiac arrhythmia after considering a broad set of potential confounders. Because of the potential role of sympathetic hyperactivity on arrhythmia propensity, we explored interactions between PLMS with markers of both structural heart disease and use of calcium channel or β-adrenergic blocking medication. Among men without calcium channel/β-adrenergic medication usage, incremental increases in the PLMI or PLMAI were associated with a significantly increased odds ratio for NSVT. Among men with a history of CHF or prior MI, incremental increases in PLMI or PLMAI also were associated with increases in the odds of having AF, although the results only approached statistical significance. These findings, although based on subgroup analyses, suggest that PLMS are associated with AF among men with underlying structural heart disease and NSVT among men not using calcium channel or β-blocker medications. Overall, these findings are not consistent with association between PLMS and cardiac arrhythmia in all older men but there may be subsets of men, particularly those with structural heart disease and not on calcium channel or β-adrenergic medication, in which cardiac arrhythmia does seem to associate with PLMS.
In general, a normal cardiac rhythm is maintained by a tightly regulated balance of sympathetic and vagal tone. Ventricular arrhythmia is associated with increased sympathetic activity.24,25 Atrial arrhythmia and in particular atrial fibrillation may be triggered by vagal activation, although sympathetic hyperactivity may be involved when there is structural heart disease.26 Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous activity are likely hyperactive in patients with PLMS. Typically, heart rate begins to accelerate 2-3 cardiac cycles before a PLM, peaks 4-5 cycles following a PLM, and falls below pre-movements rates 8-10 cycles after a PLM.7 Consistent with this observation, measurement of heart rate variability in the setting of PLMS demonstrates both vagal and sympathetic activation with predominance of sympathetic activity.27 These changes in autonomic tone as they pertain to cardiac arrhythmia may be most pertinent in men with PLMS when there is structural heart disease or in the absence of anti-arrhythmic medication.
In the primary analysis of the entire cohort, there was not an association between PLMS frequency and ventricular, atrial or conduction delay cardiac arrhythmia. In the cohort of men not taking calcium channel or β-adrenergic blocking medication, ventricular arrhythmia in the form of NSVT occurred at higher frequencies as both PLMI and PLMAI increased. In the cohort of men with CHF or MI, atrial arrhythmia in the form of AF was more likely and approached statistical significance with greater PLMI or PLMAI. It is important to interpret these findings cautiously, as they are produced from secondary analyses; however, the analyses were formulated based upon biological plausibility and were carried out a priori with these mechanisms in mind. These associations are consistent with the notion that when PLMS are either frequent or associated with arousal, sympathovagal responses may be sufficiently enhanced to contribute to atrial and ventricular arrhythmia in subsets of men at risk for having cardiac arrhythmia.
As the association of PLMS and arrhythmia was conducted on cross-sectional data, there is no information regarding directionality. It is tempting to assert that PLMS confers risk for arrhythmia and still certainly possible, but it is also conceivable that arrhythmia confers risk for PLMS or that both arrhythmia and PLMS arise from derangement in a similar system, like the autonomic nervous system. Justification for the first scenario is provided above. The middle scenario would likely make PLMS little more than a marker for cardiac disease. The last assumption that PLMS and arrhythmia arise from a similar abnormality is a very real possibility. It is clear that autonomic dysfunction in both sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the nervous system increases risk for cardiac arrhythmia. The sympathetic nervous system extends from the thoracic to the lumbar spinal cord, while the parasympathetic system lies within the brainstem and sacral spinal cord. PLMS are also likely to arise from a spinal generator, and hyperexcitability within these spinal localizations could certainly result in abnormal limb movements as has been posited by previous investigators.28,29
Sleep disordered breathing is an important potential confounding factor to discuss as it relates to PLMS and is an independent risk factor for cardiac arrhythmia.19,30 Although the relationship between PLMS and sleep disordered breathing is not clear, PLMS is common among patients with obstructive sleep apnea.31 Furthermore, increased upper airway resistance has been shown to coincide with PLMS.32 In our study, the apnea-hypopnea index was included in models as a covariate to control for potential confounding related to sleep apnea. If, however, there are features related to sleep disordered breathing such as increased airway resistance not reflected in the AHI, then such a statistical adjustment may not completely account for potential confounding. Unfortunately, analyses of participants with low AHI to further explore potential confounding by sleep disordered breathing could not be carried out secondary to low arrhythmia event rates in this subset of men.
Strengths of the current study include analysis of a large community-dwelling sample of elderly men, not chosen according to predilection for PLMS or cardiac disease, allowing generalizability to other samples of older men. Data were collected and scored using highly standardized criteria with scorers blinded to PLMS status. Adjustment for multiple potential confounders including cardiovascular risk factors and sleep related variables allowed for careful consideration of potential confounders and interactions. Limitations of the study include the cross-sectional nature of the study and the absence of multiple-day Holter monitoring data to fully describe patterns of cardiac arrhythmias. Piezoelectric sensors and not the standard anterior tibialis electromyography were used to measure PLMS. Finally, the most significant findings were observed in secondary analyses of groups identified to be potentially subject to different levels of susceptibility to altered sympathovagal balance. Although such findings could be spurious, they represent analyses derived from a priori hypotheses that are well supported by the known clinical and physiological associations between sympathetic nervous system activity and cardiac electrical activity and are internally consistent.
In summary, PLMS are not associated with cardiac arrhythmia in a general cohort of older men. PLMS are associated with arrhythmia in subsets of older men otherwise vulnerable to the cardiac electrical instability; i.e., those with underlying structural heart disease and those not using calcium channel/β-blocking medication. Although a causal role for PLMS in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias requires prospective and/or intervention studies, these results suggest that patients with underlying heart disease or not taking calcium channel/β-blocking medication may have increased rates of cardiac arrhythmias when PLMS are present.
This was not an industry supported study. Funding Sources: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study is supported by National Institutes of Health funding. The following institutes provide support: the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Institute on Aging (NIA), the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research under the following grant numbers: U01 AR45580, U01 AR45614, U01 AR45632, U01 AR45647, U01 AR45654, U01 AR45583, U01 AG18197, U01-AG027810 and UL1 RR024140. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) provides funding for the MrOS Sleep ancillary study "Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men" under the following grant numbers: R01 HL071194, R01 HL070848, R01 HL070847, R01 HL070842, R01 HL070841, R01 HL070837, R01 HL070838, R01 HL070839. Dr. Mehra also receives additional funding from the Association of Subspecialty Professors (ASP)-CHEST Foundation Geriatrics Development T. Franklin Williams Research Award. Dr. Mehra serves on the medical advisory board for CareCore and is funded by the NIH; NHLBI R01 HL 109493, NHLBI HL101417-01 and R21 HL1082226. Dr. Ancoli-Israel serves on the scientific advisory board for Astra Zeneca, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, Hypnocore, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, NeuroVigil, Inc., Pfizer, Philips, Purdue Pharma LP and Sanofi-Aventis and is funded by the NIH: NIA AG08415. Dr. Redline has received a grant from the Resmed Foundation; her institution has received equipment for use in NIH funded studies and is supported by multiple NIH grants. The other authors have indicated no financial conflicts of interest.
Investigators in the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men study (MrOS Sleep): Coordinating Center (California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute and University of California, San Francisco): K.L. Stone (Principal Investigator), D.C. Bauer (co-Investigator), S.R. Cummings (co-Investigator), N. Goldschlager (co-Investigator), P. Varosy (co-Investigator), K. Yaffe (co-Investigator), P.M. Cawthon (co-Investigator), R. Fullman (Project Director), R. Benard, T. Blackwell, L. Concepcion, J. Diehl, S. Ewing, C. Fox, M. Jaime-Chavez, E. Kwan, S. Litwack, W. Liu, L.Y. Lui, J. Schneider, R. Scott, D. Tanaka, J. Ziarno; Administrative Center (Oregon Health & Sciences University): E. Orwoll (Principal Investigator), K. Phipps (co-Investigator), L. Marshall (co-Investigator), J. Babich Blank (Project Director), L. Lambert, B. Chan, D. Neevel; University of Alabama, Birmingham: C.E. Lewis (Principal Investigator), J. Shikany (co-Investigator), P. Johnson (Project Director), C. Oden, S. House, N. Webb, K. Hardy, S. Felder, J. Wilkoff, J. King, T. Johnsey, M. Young, J. Smith, C. Sassaman, C. Collier, C. Atkins; University of Minnesota: K. Ensrud (Principal Investigator), H. Fink (co-Investigator), D. King (Program Manager), N. Michaels (Asst. Program Manager), N. Nelson (Clinic Coordinator), C. Bird, D. Blanks, F. Imker-Witte, K. Moen, M. Paudel, M. Slindee; Stanford University: M. Stefanick (Principal Investigator), A. Hoffman (co-Investigator), K. Kent, B. Malig, S. Wong; University of Pittsburgh: J. Cauley (Principal Investigator), J. Zmuda (co-Investigator), M. Danielson (Study Administrator), L. Harper (Project Director), L. Buck (Clinic Coordinator), M. Nasim, D. Cusick, M. Gorecki, N. Watson, C. Bashada, C. Newman; University of California, San Diego: E. Barrett-Connor (Principal Investigator), S. Ancoli-Israel (co-Investigator), T. Dam (co-Investigator), ML Carrion-Petersen (Project Director), P. Miller, N. Kamantigue; Central Sleep Reading Center: S. Redline (Principal Investigator), S. Surovec (Project Administrator), N. Scott (Chief Polysomnologist), N. Johnson (Programmer Analyst), J. Arnold (Polysomnologist), R. Nawabit (Polysomnologist), J. Romaniuk (Polysomnologist), S. Seicean (Polysomnologist).
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American Sleep Disorders Association. EEG arousals: scoring rules and examples: a preliminary report from the Sleep Disorders Atlas Task Force of the American Sleep Disorders Association. Sleep. 1992;15:173–84. [PubMed]
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Recording and scoring leg movements. The Atlas Task Force. Sleep. 1993;16:748–59. [PubMed]
Claman DM, Redline S, Blackwell T, et al., authors. Prevalence and correlates of periodic limb movements in older women. J Clin Sleep Med. 2006;2:438–45. [PubMed]
Iber C, Ancoli-Israel S, Chesson AL, Quan SF, authors. The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications. 2007. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine.
Mehra R, Stone KL, Varosy PD, et al., authors. Nocturnal arrhythmias across a spectrum of obstructive and central sleep-disordered breathing in older men: outcomes of sleep disorders in older men (MrOS sleep) study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:1147–55. [PubMed Central][PubMed]
Pahor M, Chrischilles EA, Guralnik JM, et al., authors. Drug data coding and analysis in epidemiologic studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 1994;10:405–11. [PubMed]
Washburn RA, Smith KW, Jette AM, et al., authors. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): development and evaluation. J Clin Epidemiol. 1993;46:153–62. [PubMed]
Nakano J, Berry JL, Pruett JA, authors. Effects of beta adrenergic blockade on the cardiovascular responses to ventricular tachycardia. Acta Cardiol. 1966;21:477–83. [PubMed]
Ross G, Jorgensen CR, authors. Cardiovascular actions of iproveratril. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1967;158:504–9. [PubMed]
Pruvot E, Thonet G, Vesin JM, et al., authors. Heart rate dynamics at the onset of ventricular tachyarrhythmias as retrieved from implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2000;101:2398–404. [PubMed]
Singh JP, Larson MG, Levy D, et al., authors. Is baseline autonomic tone associated with new onset atrial fibrillation? Insights from the Framingham heart study. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2004;9:215–20. [PubMed]
Guggisberg AG, Hess CW, Mathis J, authors. The significance of the sympathetic nervous system in the pathophysiology of periodic leg movements in sleep. Sleep. 2007;30:755–66. [PubMed]
Bara-Jimenez W, Aksu M, Graham B, et al., authors. Periodic limb movements in sleep: state-dependent excitability of the spinal flexor reflex. Neurology. 2000;54:1609–16. [PubMed]
Provini F, Vetrugno R, Meletti S, et al., authors. Motor pattern of periodic limb movements during sleep. Neurology. 2001;57:300–4. [PubMed]
Mehra R, Benjamin EJ, Shahar E, et al., authors; Sleep Heart Health Study. Association of nocturnal arrhythmias with sleep-disordered breathing: The Sleep Heart Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173:910–6. [PubMed]
Al-Alawi A, Mulgrew A, Tench E, Ryan CF, authors. Prevalence, risk factors and impact on daytime sleepiness and hypertension of periodic leg movements with arousals in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2006;2:281–7. [PubMed]
Exar EN, Collop NA, authors. The association of upper airway resistance with periodic limb movements. Sleep. 2001;24:188–92. [PubMed]


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Business People
Frontier Communications in Stamford has named John Jureller, senior vice president, finance and operations for the Resources Group of General Atlantic from 2008 to 2012, to succeed Don Shassian, executive vice president and chief financial officer, who has announced his resignation. Shassian will remain with Frontier until March 31 to help transition responsibilities. Jurellern previously was chief financial officer of WestPoint International. He has also held management positions at Alixpartners, Trans-Resources, Gartner and Caribiner International, and senior financial roles at PepsiCo World Trading, Emcor and General Electric Capital. He began his career in finance at Bankers Trust and earned a bachelor's degree with distinction and a master's degree in business administration/finance from Cornell University.
W.R. Berkley Corp. in Greenwich announced that Andrew Steen has been named president of Berkley Canada. Steen was senior vice president and commercial underwriting officer for the Canadian subsidiary of a major property casualty insurer. He has a bachelor's degree from the University of British Columbia and has a chartered insurance professional designation.
TD Bank has named Richard Mishley the store manager at 60 Redding Road in Redding. An assistant vice president, he is responsible for new business development, consumer and business lending, managing personnel and overseeing the day-to-day operations at the store serving customers in Redding, Wilton, Ridgefield and Georgetown. Prior to joining TD Bank, he was a branch manager at Patriot National Bank in Trumbull, and also managed Bank of America branches in Shelton, Fairfield and Trumbull. A Trumbull resident, he graduated from the University of Connecticut.

subset: commoncrawl


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Personality Disorders are serious mental-health conditions which affect millions of people. They are often misunderstood and undiagnosed.
Our Personality Disorders Introduction Section contains descriptions of the various personality disorders
These sections describe what it's like to be in a relationship with an individual who suffers from a personality disorder, with helpful articles on Do's and Don'ts
Talk to others who are in a similar situation as yourself, learn and get help from others in our online community.


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The Hague Transavia Grand Slam | 15 - 20 July 2014
The Hague, The Netherlands, July 18, 2014 - After seven games at the US$1-million Transavia Grand Slam on the Scheveningen, the Chilean Grimalt cousins are tired.
Marco Grimalt and Esteban Grimalt lost 2-0 (22-20 and 21-19) in round two of the elimination round against fourth-seeded Aleksandrs Samoilovs and Janis Smedins from Latvia late Friday afternoon, but the players from the South American country can look back on a good tournament with a ninth-place finish.
"We played very well, but we we're tired after seven matches", said the Marco after dropping the 39-minute match to the reigning FIVB World Tour champions. With a $14,000 paycheck for placing among the top 12 pairs in the 48-team tournament, the Chileans also had their biggest payday in their Beach Volleyball career.
The cousins were a "bit disappointed" about the loss to "Lion King" Samoilovs and Smedins. "Overall, we are satisfied with our performance this week," offered Esteban. "We had a good tournament, from qualifications to the ninth place. It's good for our experience, and we take it step by step. This is our best result this year in a Grand Slam. The ultimate goal is to qualify for the Olympics in Rio, 2016."
The cousins come from a volleyball family. "Volleyball is a tradition," explained Esteban. "It is our passion."
Marco added that his "father and six brothers all played in the national indoor team of Chile in the eighties."
The 25-year old Marco and his two-year younger cousin Esteban grew up with the sport. "We grew up in different cities, but our family is close," offered Marco.
Five years ago the Chilean couple played their first match, said Coach Carlos Garrido, who played on the FIVB World Tour in the 1990s and amassed six podium placements for Brazil during his international Beach Volleyball career. "They know each other very well and they never were apart since they were 16," said Garrido, who has been the cousin's trainer since January 2013.
Marco and Esteban are happy that they play together. "We know each other our whole life," said Marco. "We grew up together."
"It is good to play together," added Esteban. "It is always like home."
20.07.2014 17:00:12
Fijalek & Prudel Net Poland's First FIVB World Tour Gold Medal
The Hague, The Netherlands, July 20, 2014 - The names of Grzegorz Fijalek and Mariusz Prudel are now in the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour record bo... More...
20.07.2014 16:02:17
Emanuel & Salgado win All-Brazilian Bronze Medal Affair
The Hague, The Netherlands, July 20, 2014 - Legendary Beach Volleyball Emanuel Rego has added a new country to his list where he has won international... More...
20.07.2014 14:57:22
Brazilians Fernanda & Lima Top Transavia Grand Slam Podium
The Hague, The Netherlands, July 20, 2014 - It has been another successful Beach Volleyball event in The Netherlands for Taiana Lima as she returned t... More...
20.07.2014 12:46:08
Antonelli & Juliana Capture Transavia Grand Slam Bronze Medal
20.07.2014 08:04:21
Europe vs. Americas for The Hague Beach Volleyball Gold Medals
19.07.2014 22:05:09
Poland Seeks First FIVB World Tour Gold Medal
19.07.2014 19:50:21
Holtwick & Semmler Seek Validation
19.07.2014 17:44:36
Three-set matches highlight Transavia Grand Slam men's quarterfinals
19.07.2014 14:46:43
From Qualifier to "Final 4" for Brazilians Fernanda & Lima at Transavia Grand Slam
19.07.2014 08:15:02
"Moving Day" Matches Spice Saturday's Transavia Grand Slam Schedule
18.07.2014 21:42:01
Americans Doherty & Lucena Tandems Earn Transavia Grand Slam Break-through
18.07.2014 20:23:05
Brazilian Women Continue Strong Transavia Grand Slam Showing
18.07.2014 18:00:51
Unexpected Tandems Earn Transavia Grand Slam Second Round Berths
18.07.2014 14:46:47
Brazilian Women Dominating Transavia Grand Slam
18.07.2014 12:39:58
European Champions Van Iersel and Meppelink disappoint after loss on home sand
18.07.2014 00:55:32
Elimination Rounds Highlight Friday's Transavia Grand Slam Schedule
18.07.2014 00:49:40
Elimination Rounds Highlight Friday's Transavia Grand Slam Schedule
17.07.2014 20:57:03
Latvians Erase Swiss Memories
17.07.2014 18:59:34
American Olympic Medalists Led Transavia Grand Slam Pool Winners
17.07.2014 18:35:39
Travelling Aussies happy on the road
17.07.2014 18:23:51
Dalhausser and Rosenthal on the hunt for a 'turkey' in The Hague
17.07.2014 14:38:14
Beach volleyball gives Apeldoorn a big buzz
17.07.2014 13:25:39
FIVB World Champions Seek Transavia Grand Slam Success
16.07.2014 22:33:15
US and Australian pairs unbeaten in Amsterdam
16.07.2014 22:02:07
Swiss Tanja's pool winners after only one day in Apeldoorn
16.07.2014 21:27:24
Upsets Highlight Transavia Grand Slam Men's Pool Play Matches
16.07.2014 21:02:42
Sand suits Canadian Pavan
16.07.2014 20:21:27
Nummerdor: next year's World Championships are going to surpass everything
16.07.2014 17:37:22
Double or nothing for Bruno
16.07.2014 15:53:36
Germany's Ludwig and Sude making the most of a temporary partnership
16.07.2014 14:50:56
Transavia Grand Slam is the Wimbledon of beach volleyball
16.07.2014 14:46:41
Life is good, but…
16.07.2014 12:47:10
Just like old times
15.07.2014 23:48:08
Amsterdam, Apeldoorn Join The Hague in Hosting Transavia Grand Slam Matches
15.07.2014 16:36:34
Upsets Highlight Transavia Grand Slam Men's Qualification Tournament
15.07.2014 16:34:30
Top-seeded Brazilians Avoid Qualifying Transavia Grand Slam Upset
14.07.2014 20:26:19
Record US$1,000,000 purse for FIVB The Hague Transavia Grand Slam
14.07.2014 16:03:17
Qualifying Rounds Opens Transavia Grand Slam Play Tuesday
14.07.2014 14:09:38
Larissa "Is Back"
14.07.2014 05:07:15
Talking Stats: 2014 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour—July 13
14.07.2014 02:43:50
2014 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour update after nine events
11.07.2014 02:54:55
Double Dutch delight
03.07.2014 18:09:15
European champs ready to give home fans taste of what to expect in 2015
23.06.2014 17:32:15
Three cities for The Hague Transavia Grand Slam
07.04.2014 18:09:54
One million dollars in prize money up for grabs at Transavia and Long Beach Grand Slams
19.03.2014 18:01:38
Fortaleza Grand Slam postponed as The Hague confirms four cities
07.03.2014 11:32:52
Transavia Grand Slam 2014 in three World Championship cities
30.01.2014 16:45:20
2014 FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour ready for more highlights in record-breaking year


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Editor's Note: Be sure to catch Fareed Zakaria GPS on CNN every Sunday at 10am and 1pm ET.
By Fareed Zakaria, CNN
At the start of this year, I predicted, rather hopefully, that the U.S. economy would recover nicely in 2012. I'm returning to that topic with some preliminary good news. If you look around the industrialized world, the U.S. economy is the most promising of the bunch.
The American recovery is not as vigorous as one might hope, but it is remarkably broad-based. Manufacturing is up - including, for the first time in thirty years, non-technology based manufacturing. Retail sales are up; consumer confidence and spending are growing. The new employment numbers are encouraging. American businesses continue to do astonishingly well. Corporate profitability continues to grow and the stock market reflects this.
The one area that continues to lag is housing, and it's a huge area. Traditionally, housing leads every recovery. This time it hasn't because the bursting of the housing bubble and the problems associated with mortgages and housing debt have left it struggling. But at some point that will end.
The United States, alone in the industrialized world, is demographically dynamic. It adds 3 million people to its numbers every year. At some point, kids don't want to live with their parents and that will produce demand for housing. And at that point, the recovery will gain full steam.
The new, potentially game-changing trend for the United States is the rise of shale gas. Thanks to the new process of fracking, America now has 75 years of natural gas - and most important, it is the world's low-cost producer.
The rise in gas prices has obscured this more important fact - energy costs are plummeting in America. That's why manufacturers like Dow Chemical are actually opening new factories in the United States. Asia has the advantage of lower labor costs, but now the U.S. has the advantage of lower energy costs. And this is a process that has just begun.
Add all this together, and you have the prospect of a broad-based, sustainable American recovery. Of course, there are dark clouds. Europe's woes could have an impact. China could slow down. But the event that is most likely to alter this picture is an Israeli strike on Iran, which would send oil prices sky-high and could have other spillover effects.
For more of my thoughts throughout the week, I invite you to follow me on Facebook and Twitter and to visit the Global Public Square every day. Be sure to catch GPS every Sunday at 10a.m. and 1p.m. EST. If you miss it, you can buy the show on iTunes.
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I plagiarise every day all day long: "Our Father which art in heaven, Hallowed be thy name.
Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread.
And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.
And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: For thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, for ever. Amen.
As a matter of fact it is written in my heart all day long. Peace to ya'll. Pray. Prey!
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Hello all, Katy Lee here with a very special way you can help the families of Sandy Hook. Our author friend and past guest, Alice J. Wisler, has just released a comforting book for parents who have lost a child called Getting Out of Bed in the Morning, and she would love to get a book in every victim's families hands. I personally don't believe in coincidences, and Alice's story of her own loss and grief of losing a child–and then her new book–sprang to mind when I was wondering how I could reach out to the families. Then I learned she was one step ahead of me. Here is her post from her blog:
On December 14, 2012, a tragedy too awful to believe could happen, did happen. Twenty-six people were shot at Sandy Hook Elementary School in the Sandy Hook village of Newtown, Connecticut. Twenty children died. Six adults died.
I know the devastation of having a child die.
My cousin in Maryland asked if I'd donate one of my novels for an auction to benefit the survivors—those lost in the anguish and sorrow. I signed one of my novels and put it in a mail to her.
Later today, a Facebook friend, Lisa Schorp, wanted to know if my new book, Getting Out of Bed in the Morning: Reflections of Comfort in Heartache, could reach the hands of those devastated. Her message: To tell them that God is near.
Suddenly I realized that maybe I should act on this desire of Lisa's.
People could sponsor my new devotional, Getting Out of Bed in the Morning: Reflections of Comfort in Heartache and a batch of books could be sent with a note to the elementary school for each family who lost a loved one.
My book is written as raw and real; I know the pain of loss. There are also passages of hope, love and comfort. This book has been called a companion through grief. Eugene Peterson writes about it:
"Believe me, you will be changed as you read this book—a book of grief and comfort. Written without easy answers, but with gritty, courageous prayer, wrestling like Jacob with God's angel." ~ Eugene H Peterson, Professor Emeritus of Spiritual Theology, Recent College, Vancouver, B.C.; translator of The Message
"Hope stirs fresh in Getting Out of Bed in the Morning as Alice Wisler tenderly challenges the remnants of our grieving hearts to a healing journey. This book is a safe place to reconcile painful losses; a graceful guide through the uncharted and often complex landscape of grief and loss. Alice's heart whispers an understanding that comes only from one who has tasted consuming heartache yet uncovered the hope of God's sustaining grace." ~ Jo Ann Fore, Author, Founder of WriteWhereItHurts.org
(Read more about Getting Out of Bed in the Morning here.)
If you like this idea and would like to make a donation, please send a check made out to me using the snail mail address below. If you want to stay tuned in and have updates on the amount contributed as well as when the books will be sent, etc., email me at firstname.lastname@example.com with the subject: "Comfort to Sandy Hook". I will send out periodic updates.
Let's make Lisa's wonderful suggestion come true!
Mail your donation to:
Daniel's House Publications
201 Monticello Avenue
Durham, NC 27707 USA
Donate via Paypal on her site at: http://www.alicewisler.blogspot.com/2012/12/donate-book-for-sandy-hook-parents-and.html
Thank you, Alice, and thank you everyone who has helped in some way, from prayer to time and everything in between. You are blessed to be a blessing, and Merry Christmas to you all!!!


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View divorced Singles in Jollyville
By clicking continue, I agree to receive transactional and promotional emails from Match.com. I understand that I am free to withdraw consent at any time.
By using our site, you agree to the Match.com Terms of Use.
Lone Star State of Texas. Match.com's online dating sites and affiliated businesses span six continents and thousands of cities including Texas. Each year hundreds of thousands of members tell us they found the person they were seeking on the site. In Jollyville, Match.com is the leading online dating service, finding more dates for available Jollyville singles than any other online dating service.
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Be someone about town, with the town on your phone case. Many different designs and colour versions to choose, to best suit your taste. Smartphones have never been smarter with a practical use of Hartwig Braun's hand-drawn artwork. Available in different sizes - see below - so you can get one for yourself, a friend, colleague, anyone! Boasting recognisable landmarks of each city in the artwork, our Arty Globe phone covers will stand out amongst the crowd.
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text: Back in 1988, I hopped in my MGB-GT and headed south from Oakland, taking a photograph out the windshield every five miles until I got to the Grapevine, just north of Los Angeles. Yes, I worked a full-manual SLR while driving a twitchy sports car, and reloaded film while driving as well (thus losing the right to complain about people using their cellphones while driving). The idea was to load the shots in a pair of slide projectors, add weird soundtrack, and do some sort of installation art piece. I did the piece and, sadly, lost the slides during a move years later. However, I just ran across a long-forgotten videotape of the slideshow and was able to grab most of the images off it. All that remained was to dub the Murilee Arraiac song "This Is What He Is Saying" onto it and rollin' on I-5 like Dukakis in a tank!


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KOLMARDEN, Sweden, Aug. 26 (UPI) -- A woman in Sweden was injured when a gorilla threw a rock a rock at her head, officials at Kolmarden Wildlife Park said.
Marjorie Castro, head of the zoo, said one of the zoo's five gorillas threw a stone measuring about 2 inches in diameter Saturday and the rock struck a 38-year-old woman in the forehead, Swedish news agency TT reported Monday.
"At first everything seemed fine. She was bleeding a little from her forehead, but seemed to be in good health," Castro told the Aftonbladet newspaper. "But she was hit in the head and gorillas have enormous strength, so we called an ambulance. After a while, she felt weak and we had to lie her down."
Castro said the incident marked the first time the zoo's gorillas had thrown anything besides grass at visitors.
However, some zoo visitors said otherwise, including a mother who said a gorilla threw a rock at her 7-year-old son in July.


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In our regular Sunday feature, FIFA.com presents you with some of the biggest names in football who will be celebrating their birthdays over the coming week.
Yaya Toure (29) has become a worldwide phenomenon wearing the colours of his native Côte d'Ivoire, Spanish giants Barcelona and current club Manchester City. His strength and speed on the ball won him the 2011 African Footballer of the Year award. The midfielder, who can switch from defensive to offensive positions in the blink of an eye, reached the CAF Africa Cup of Nations final in both 2006 and 2012, losing penalty shoot-outs to Egypt and Zambia respectively. With the Elephants, he also participated at the FIFA World Cups Germany 2006™ and South Africa 2010™. Having started his career with ASEC Mimosas and played for various minor European sides, his talent was finally recognised by Frank Rijkaard's Barcelona in 2007. In Catalonia, Toure lifted La Liga titles in 2009 and 2010, and won the Copa Del Rey, the Spanish Super Cup, the UEFA Champions League, the UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup, all in 2009. His time at the Camp Nou came to an end when he signed for Manchester City in 2010, winning the FA Cup in his first season. Toure is hoping to clinch the Premier League on his birthday, needing to beat Queens Park Rangers to secure the title.
Carlos Tenorio (33) took part in Ecuador's landmark first participation at a FIFA World Cup, at Korea/Japan 2002, and then again at Germany 2006 where La Tri reached the Round of 16, with Tenorio scoring twice in the group stage. The striker also represented his country at the CONCACAF Gold Cup in 2002 and the Copa America 2007. Rising to prominence with LDU Quito, he signed for Saudi Arabian outfit Al Nassr where he would be top scorer of the 2003 Saudi Premier League with 15 goals. The forward next moved to Al Sadd in Qatar, winning three Qatari Leagues, two Emir of Qatar Cups, three Crown Prince Cups and a Sheikh Jassem Cup as well as finishing as top goalscorer of the Qatari League in 2006 with 21 goals. Al Nasr in the United Arab Emirates was next for the South American, where he stayed for two years before completing a transfer to Brazilian side Vasco da Gama in 2012.
Patrice Evra (31) has known nothing but success with Manchester United since his 2006 transfer from Monaco. In five-and-a-half seasons at the club, the Frenchman has lifted four league titles, three League Cups, four Community Shields, the UEFA Champions League and the FIFA Club World Cup. The left-back's international career has seen him take part at UEFA EURO 2008 and at the FIFA World Cup South Africa 2010, with France failing to progress from the group stage in both tournaments. Before his move to England, the defender had lifted the Coupe de la Ligue with Monaco after starting a successful career with Nice.
Anja Mittag (27) is one of women's football's biggest names, having lifted an impressive number of titles with her native Germany. She finished third at the FIFA U-19 Women's World Championship Canada 2002, before winning the same competition two years later in Thailand. With the full German side, Mittag has lifted the FIFA Women's World Cup China 2007 and the UEFA Women's EURO in 2005 and 2009, and won the bronze medal at the Women's Olympic Football Tournament Beijing 2008. The striker finished as top scorer of the UEFA European Women's U-19 Championship 2004 with six goals. Rising through the ranks of FC Erzgebirge, Mittag joined Turbine Potsdam, where she would spend a number of years before leaving for Swedish side Malmo early this season.
Mohamed Saqr (31) has led from the back for Qatari side Al Sadd for nearly a decade now, lifting the AFC Champions League in 2011 and finishing third at the FIFA Club World Cup in Japan later the same year. On the domestic front, he has won the Qatar Stars League in 2004, 2006 and 2008, the Emir of Qatar Cup twice, the Qatar Crown Prince Cup three times and the Sheikh Jassem Cup once. The goalkeeper also won the Gulf Cup of Nations with the Qatari national side in 2004.
Mahamadou Diarra (31) has turned out for a number of clubs in Europe in a trophy-laden career that started with Greek side OFI Crete and then Vitesse Arnhem in the Netherlands. A move to Lyon brought him success in the form of four consecutive Ligue 1 and Trophee des Champions doubles. Diarra then decided to sign for Real Madrid, where he would lift two La Liga titles, the Copa del Rey and a Spanish Supercup. After a golden spell with Los Merengues, he completed a transfer to Fulham, with a short spell with Monaco in between. With Mali, the midfielder has participated in four editions of the Africa Cup of Nations as well as the FIFA U-17 World Championship Egypt 1997 and the FIFA World Youth Championship Nigeria 1999, where the Malians finished third.
Andrea Pirlo (33) will be celebrating his birthday on the back of winning Serie A with Juventus and will be hoping to win the Coppa Italia against Napoli the next day. Pirlo lifted the FIFA World Cup Germany 2006 and participated in Italy's disastrous campaign at South Africa 2010, not forgetting appearances at the FIFA Confederations Cup in 2009 and UEFA EURO 2004 and 2008. With the Olympic side, the playmaker earned a bronze medal at the Men's Football Tournament Athens 2004 after turning out four years earlier at Sydney 2000. He also lifted the UEFA European U-21 Championship in 2000, being awarded the Golden Player to boot. After making his name at Brescia, the classy midfielder, who is also a set-piece specialist, joined Inter Milan and then Reggina before signing for AC Milan. In north-west Italy, Pirlo lifted two Scudettos, one Coppa Italia, an Italian Super Cup, the UEFA Champions League twice and the FIFA Club World Cup in 2007 before leaving for Turin at the start of this season.


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Google Launches 'FastFlip' News Scanning Tech
"At Google, we've had a very aggressive goal around speed," said Marissa Mayer, the vice president responsible for search and user experience. "When you make the Web faster, you use it more."
Google has been shaving milliseconds here and there, Mayer said; however, co-founder Larry Page asked a question last fall: how come if you go to a new page, the content isn't preloaded?
Google FastFlip is sort of an answer to that. The interface seems somewhat based on Google News, allowing users to preview Web sites oriented around particular topics. A slideshow slides left and right, allowing users to preview screenshots of stories. The prototype service is being launched with The New York Times, The Washington Post, US Weekly, and TechCrunch, among others. There's also an iPhone app.
The interface just slides screenshots left and right on a screen. But the technology doesn't quite solve the problem of speed, as to read the full article you need to click on it -- which opens the article on the publisher's home page. And the text is often too small to read on the linked sites. So does this optimize the viewing experience?


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Aside from being a celebration of genuine love and affection, Valentine's Day has also become an opportunity for designers and mass retailers alike to display new products to help us express our feelings easier and to look absolutely gorgeous for this special occasion. Designed to help girls look their best for the special occasion, the Jill Stuart Valentine Love collection reflects the Valentine's Day theme to perfection, due to the seductive color palette as well as the symbols that are characteristic for this holiday. Adding a touch of gl... Read More


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PEMBROKE, N.C. – The offense never got started for No. 9 Georgia College baseball (24-14, 9-9 PBC) as the Bobcats lost at No. 12 UNC Pembroke (32-7, 13-7 PBC) 10-0 Sunday.
GC tallied just four hits as the Braves swept the season series from GC 3-0. The Bobcats hadn't been swept in a three-game conference set since the 2008 season at North Georgia.
Brian Willis (5-2) picked up the win for UNCP, going seven shutout innings with nine strikeouts. GC starter Taylor Hart (Colbert, Ga.) took the loss (1-1) in 2 1/3 innings, allowing three earned runs and fanning five.
Catcher Richard Pirkle (Norcross, Ga.) was 2-for-4, his second-straight two-hit game.
The Bobcats are back in action Tuesday, April 12 at 6 p.m., traveling to Newberry College (20-22) for a non-conference game. The Wolves are in the midst of a four-game win streak, including a victory over the Bobcats Wednesday.
The Georgia College Department of Athletics, back-to-back winners of the PBC Commissioner's Cup, sponsors 10 varsity athletic programs at the NCAA Division II level. As a Division II program, Bobcat Athletics prides itself on balancing the life of the student-athlete, evidenced by the teams' multiple appearances in post-season competition as well as documented academic success and community-service involvement. Sign up at www.twitter.com/BobcatSports and www.facebook.com/gcbobcats for up-to-the-minute reports, and visit www.GCBobcats.com for more information, and to nominate your favorite former Bobcats and Colonials to the GC Athletics Hall of Fame.


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The Canadian Mathematical Society is an active publisher of a number of books and journals. These publications cover a wide variety of interests, including problem solving, the latest mathematical research, the history of mathematics, and current issues and events in the mathematical community. Our membership is actively involved in our publications, both through the contribution of content and their positions on the editorial boards. Below you will find information about the content and submission criteria of our publications as well as how to subscribe to our journals or place a book order.
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The G. de B. Robinson Award recognizes the highest quality papers published in the Canadian Journal of Mathematics and the Canadian Mathematical Bulletin.
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Summer is rolling to a close on a million tomatoes at my place. I've made tomato juice, spaghetti sauce, salads, and salsa. This will continue until frost. The potatoes are stored in the cellar and onions on the porch (for now). Next, I will be picking apples. The wild, old tree at the pond is full of fruit this year.
We took the first load of market lambs, 19 of them, to auction on Saturday. They averaged 128 pounds and brought $1.49 a pound. They were less than five months old, so that is great growth.
Hope you have a wonderful fall at your place!
Sunset at our pond.
Bob uses a torch to toast Canada thistles.
Waiting for our lambs to sell at Colfax Livestock auction.
Time to pick apples!


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The openSUSE team is proud to announce the release of openSUSE 10.3. Promoting the use of Linux everywhere, the openSUSE project provides free, easy access to the world's most usable Linux distribution, openSUSE. openSUSE is released regularly, is stable, secure, contains the latest free and open source software, and comes with several new technologies.
openSUSE 10.3 will be supported with security and other serious updates for a period of 2 years.
This version contains new beautiful green artwork, KDE 3.5.7 and parts of KDE 4, SUSE-polished GNOME 2.20, a GTK version of YaST, a new 1-click-install technology, MP3 support out-of-the-box, new and redesigned YaST modules, compiz and compiz fusion advances, virtualisation improvements, OpenOffice.org 2.3, Xfce 4.4.1, and much more! Read on for details of what is new and available in openSUSE 10.3, and for all the necessary download links.


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Travel companions favor 1954 Chevrolet 3100
The open road, motoring experience is best when shared with friends. Mark Korczyk knows this quite well.
The Algonquin resident has quite an unusual seatmate keeping him company when cruising together in their 1954 Chevrolet 3100; a blue and gold macaw named Niki.
"He really enjoys the ride and comes with me to all the cruise nights," Korczyk said. "He loves all the attention he gets when we park."
While Korczyk has cared for his crowd-pleasing fowl for 21 years, he found the Chevy hauler during the summer of 2009.
"I had been looking for an older pickup and narrowed it down to a Chevy from 1950s. I really liked the unique body style," he said. "This design was only used in '54 and the first half of '55."
After he stumbled upon an online listing for the Florida vehicle, he was there the very next day, ready to make an offer. "As soon as I saw it, I knew this was the one. I really liked the originality of it -- solid rust-free body, strong engine and original interior."
Despite its stellar condition, the truck was not perfect. "Right away I could see there would be some minor work," Korczyk said. "It had been many years since the restoration and had sat for a while."
However, all of the original body sheet metal was intact and rock solid. "The truck has received a repaint and is not the original color."
The factory Thriftmaster 235-cubic-inch six-cylinder was still underhood but was in need of some bolstering. To ensure optimal operation, Korczyk went ahead and replaced the ignition coil, fuel pump and some other engine peripherals to make sure it ran well.
"It wasn't hard. It's so easy to work on," he said.
New leaf springs and shocks were mounted on the underside of the 3100 while the speedometer was rebuilt and some instrument lights replaced. Four-wheeled drum brakes are mounted at the corners while an optional heater and defroster keeps the two occupants toasty during chilly weather driving.
From all appearances this truck looks straight out of 1954, yet there is one modern tweak. Korczyk installed a reproduction radio that looks stock but has modern technology.
"There are also subwoofers under the seat," he said. "In addition to Niki's singing, I gotta have my tunes."
A three-speed manual transmission with column-mounted shifter isn't ideal for longer jaunts but it doesn't deter the auto-loving pair.
"I've had the truck up to 70 miles per hour and she's fine. It's an older vehicle with thinner tires and no power steering or brakes. You just have to be mindful of the limitations and extra braking distance."
That extra effort is well worth it when Korczyk heads out with his feathered sidekick. "People love the truck but even more so when they spy Niki. We've become quite well known together. The kids always have a smile when they see us," he said.
Korczyk and Niki regularly head to the Barrington, Cary and Algonquin summer cruise nights but they aren't afraid to take longer voyages. "Niki will tag along with me on longer trips in my daily driver. He's driven with me to visit my sister in Indianapolis."
At the end of the day, Korczyk realizes racking up the miles is not about showing off or being well known.
"More than anything, this truck is a pure joy to drive. I'm old fashioned and I enjoy the sheer pleasure of getting in something as simple as this," he said. "And being able to share the experience with Niki and those we meet makes it even better."


text: Blog Of The Nation November 24th: What's On Today's Thanksgiving Day Show November 24, 2011 In the first hour of today's Talk of the Nation Dave Isay celebrates this year's National Day of Listening. This year's theme is thank a teacher. In today's second hour, author Adam Gopnik on his new book The Table Comes First. Plus, an annual TOTN tradition, who's not at your table this year?


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Re-Play Utensil Set - Green
Regular price $1.50
Re-Play's colorful forks and spoons are perfect for little ones learning to feed themselves. All Re-Play products are made from recycled milk jugs (HDPE recycled plastic), so not only are they better for your child, they are better for your environment! Mix and match utensils with our plates, bowls, and cups to create a vibrant tableware set!
- Spoons have a deep scoop
- Forks feature durable, rounded tips for safety
- Dishwasher safe
- PVC, BPA and phthalate free
- Made in the USA
- Age range: 9+ Months
- Approx. Dimensions: 5.5" by 1.25" by .25"
Note: Our colorful sets are shipped direct to your home. To cut down on waste, we do not include our standard retail packaging.


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Do Plants Promote Pesticide Breakdown? *
|Areas of Science
Environmental Engineering
|Time Required
|Average (6-10 days)
*Note: This is an abbreviated Project Idea, without notes to start your background research, a specific list of materials, or a procedure for how to do the experiment. You can identify abbreviated Project Ideas by the asterisk at the end of the title. If you want a Project Idea with full instructions, please pick one without an asterisk.
AbstractWhen pesticides are applied to protect crops, run-off of potentially harmful pesticides is a major problem. Can water plants such as hardstem bulrush, common cattail, parrotfeather and smooth scouring rush promote pesticide breakdown? If so, diversion of irrigation run-off into plant-filled ponds could help reduce pesticide pollution. Mix malathion at 12.5% of the recommended application strength (to simulate dilution by rain or irrigation water). Use 5-gallon buckets for testing various water plants. Each bucket should have at least 2 gallons of diluted malathion, and should be about 1/4 full with plants. One control bucket should contain no plants. At various time intervals (12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days) test the water for the presence of pesticides. For example, you can add water from the test bucket to a small container with an airstone and a tadpole or minnow. Time how long the tadpole or minnow survives after addition of the test water sample. Does the presence of plants in the test buckets increase survival time? Are some plants better than others at promoting survival? (Fox, 2005; Fox, 2006) As an alternative to animal testing, a mentor with expertise in analytical chemistry could assist you with developing a chemical test for malathion and its breakdown products.
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Cite This PageGeneral citation information is provided here. Be sure to check the formatting, including capitalization, for the method you are using and update your citation, as needed.
MLA Style
Science Buddies Staff. "Do Plants Promote Pesticide Breakdown?" Science Buddies, 28 July 2017, https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/EnvEng_p019/environmental-engineering/do-plants-promote-pesticide-breakdown. Accessed 14 Oct. 2019.
APA Style
Science Buddies Staff. (2017, July 28). Do Plants Promote Pesticide Breakdown? Retrieved from https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/EnvEng_p019/environmental-engineering/do-plants-promote-pesticide-breakdown
Last edit date: 2017-07-28
- Fox, J.E., 2005. "Using Plants to Remove Pesticides from Storm Water Run-off," California State Science Fair Abstract [accessed June 20, 2006] http://cssf.usc.edu/History/2005/Projects/J0803.pdf.
- Fox, J.E., 2006, "Using Plants to Remove Pesticides from Storm Water Run-off: A Continued Study," California State Science Fair Abstract [accessed June 20, 2006] http://cssf.usc.edu/History/2006/Projects/J0806.pdf.
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When Katy Perry came on the scene, others dismissed her as a one-hit wonder. 3 years later, she's proven she's a multi-hit wonder, becoming the first ever woman to score five No. 1 songs from one album on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
Her "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" set the precedent: It's the latest No. 1 from her platinum album "Teenage Dream." Only Michael Jackson had five No. 1s from one album before Perry, from "Bad."
But Michael Jackson spent a total of seven weeks at the top with his "Bad" songs; Perry has been at the top perch now for a cumulative 18 weeks.
Perry's first major hit was the song "I Kissed a Girl" in 2008.


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You are here: Home ‹ Board index ‹ Movie Discussion ‹ All Other/Older Movies ‹ (2005) Fun With Dick And Jane
a new Jim interview
Discuss this movie. Available on DVD and PSP.
a new Jim interview
its during FUN WITH DICK AND JANE.
[i][b]Somebody to luv me(Jim)[/b][/i]
Re: Great Interview
tks for showing us the interview Tanu it was great!
Jen Carrey!
very good! a standing ovation!
"No time outs. Only DEATH!"
"I don't like to brag and I won't cuz I don't have to!"
I think the same is a cool interview
Choose your friends by their character and your socks by their color, choosing your socks by their character makes no sense, and choosing your friends by their color is unthinkable!
Re: a new Jim interview
thank youuuuuuuuuuuuuu!!!!
" I think it's a good thing to do good and inspire people to goodness. But nothing you do is going to add anything to you and nothing you do is going to take anything away from you. So you have nothing else to do but play. If play for you means, "I want to give people a great message" then great, but there is no need to change the planet. The planet is good, it always will be good. I really believe evil doesn't want to win, because it's not there to win--it's there to show you what you don't want so you can understand what you do want. The Devil is working for God."
This man is a genius!!!I Love it!!
I'm Dumb and I'm proud! :_D
hahahahahah Zack and Cody the best!!
I'm Dumb and I'm proud! :_D
haha totally! The twins rock!
"No time outs. Only DEATH!"
"I don't like to brag and I won't cuz I don't have to!"
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I don't think attaining Shinjin means that you can now sit on your ass, watch 5 hours of TV a day instead of meditating or studying dharma, and violate the precepts all you want. Japanese Pure Land was originally aimed at people who could not just up and leave their families for the monastery; who could not escape violating certain precepts as a consequence of their poverty. Fisherman, for example, had to kill every day in order to survive. Japan being an island, vegetarianism simply wasn't practical for everyone. These were poor, despirited people who felt they had no real hope for the future --in this life or the next; so why should they even bother to try at all? The value of what Honen and Shinran did was in giving these people hope and something to live for.I just think a lot of devotees mistakenly assume it is 100% guarantee or at any rate relatively easy to arrive at one. They then cook up these ideas that they can do without meditation and precepts because such activities have no bearing on their future rebirth in the Pure Land. You don't have to bother with difficult practices because whether you do them or not, you've got a purported guarantee of being reborn in the Pure Land.
I know not everyone says this, but generally this is the attitude I often encounter with Pure Land advocates.
But just because they now had the certainty of Ojo and eventually enlightenment did not mean that these Buddhists could just become complacent and do whatever they wanted. I think Shinran, especially, made this very clear in how he dealt with his son Zenran.
Shinran and Honen gave people hope, but they also changed lives. There is a very famous story of a prostitute who witnessed Honen teaching one day and as a result gave up prostituting herself. I think the reasoning behind this was the following:
"Hey, I'm not damned to hell after all. Before it didn't matter what I did, I was still damned. Now it doesn't matter what I do, I'm grasped never to be forgotten."
The new attitude is a lot more positive and inspiring than the former one and I think this is what caused people to change their lives for the better even if, technically, doing so did not affect their chances of attaining Ojo.
Modern Jodo and Jodoshinshu Buddhists are a lot better off than their medieval counterparts. To violate precepts unnecessarily and live an empty, materialistic lifestyle is to be an ingrate towards Amida's gift. Much like how the nembutsu transformed from a means to attaining Ojo, to a grateful response to having attained it; so do our efforts to uphold the precepts, study dharma, and even meditate transform from a means to a response. I don't do these things because I expect to become enlightened. I do them because to do less would be to denigrate the primal vow and hurt sentient beings, including myself; worst of all, I might slander the dharma and drive others away from hearing and answering Amida's call.
Of course, as you have observed, not all Shin Buddhists share my attitude but I thought I would put it out there so it could be established that Honen and Shinran's doctrine in no way encourages laziness or precept breaking.


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Syria is committed to cooperating with the UN forces tasked with helping restore peace and security in southern Lebanon when Israeli troops withdraw by July, the UN special envoy said here Sunday.
"Foreign Minister Faruq Shara assured me of Syria's support for the United Nations," envoy Terje Roed-Larsen told reporters after meeting the Syrian minister.
Roed-Larsen said that he briefed Shara on the outcomes of his talks he held in each of Israel and Lebanon.
In this respect, the UN envoy said "we highly valued Lebanese President
Emile Lahoud's statement in which he not just asserted his country's commitment to cooperate with the UN on implementing resolutions 425 and 426, but also his country's commitment on the safety and security of the peacekeeping troops in the operations region.
The envoy concluded his statement by saying that after the end of consultations in the region and consultations conducted by secretary general
Kofi Annan with concerned countries on the issue of Israeli withdrawal from
Lebanon, Annan will present a report on arrangements required to implement the two resolutions.
Shara himself said that "Syria supports the role of the United Nations for the implementation of the two resolutions and all other related resolutions of the Security Council," according to the official news agency SANA.
Resolutions 425 and 426 call for an immediate and unconditional Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon.
Shara also said he recognized "the need for the United Nations to fulfill its responsibilities."
Roed-Larsen praised the May 4 Palmyra declaration from Shara and his Egyptian and Saudi counterparts, particularly the "call of the three ministers for the United Nations, through its UNIFIL (Interim Forces In Lebanon), to 'be allowed to carry out the security tasks with which it is charged' under Resolutions 425 and 426."
"The kind of unconditional support for the UN expressed in the Palmyra statement provides us with the backing that we will need to shoulder our heavy responsibilities" towards Lebanon in line with these resolutions, he said.
The envoy said he had agreed with Shara "peace in this region can only be achieved through the successful conclusion of a just, lasting and comprehensive settlement based on all the relevant Security Council resolutions."
He expressed the hope that "the implementation of 425 and 426 will provide an impetus for a renewal of the Madrid peace process on all tracks, including the Syrian track."
The Palmyra final communiqué represented the first time Syria pledged its backing to a strong UN role in southern Lebanon.
That document also expressed support for Syria's insistence on a total withdrawal by Israel from the occupied Golan Heights to the positions existing before the June 1967 war.
It blamed "Israeli stubbornness" for the hold-up in Syrian-Israeli talks, frozen since January – (Agencies)
© 2000 Al Bawaba (www.albawaba.com)


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Finding Creativity in Mistakes
Contrary to what we've been taught, it is actually OK to make mistakes. In fact, in creative professions, mistakes often lead to terrific breakthroughs.
When we stumble, we encounter new experiences that we may otherwise never have found. In a recent article from The 99 Percent, John Caddell – curator of The Mistake Bank – stated that "mistakes can take us to the margins, to the unknown, the unexplored." When unexplored territories are found, creative professionals can create work that they had never previously considered – and at times these roads play out brilliantly!
So let's hear from you! When has a mistake helped to propel your creative work to new levels?
And if you need more convincing that creative (and really all individuals should embrace their mistakes), watch Kathryn Schulz's terrific TED Talk, 'On Being Wrong.'


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Change Your Life in 7 Minutes! Is your life stuck in a rut that you can't climb out of? Do you envy other people who seem to have it all and you don't even have half of it? Are there things about your life that you're not happy with? Do you think that you could have a better life if only you could hit the reset button? If the answer to any of these questions is "Yes", then the 7 Minutes Read series is going to help you develop your life skills so that you create the life you've dreamed of. Changing your life sounds a big, time consuming task. The reality is, that like most big projects, it can be done in small steps. You can't do it all at once. No-one can. But if you have the determination to make positive change happen in your life, and you can commit little small amounts of time to doing so, the 7 Minutes Read series of books is the key to a more successful future. While many books have many pages of theory on how to change your life, they often have very little in the way of practical ideas. They tell you what needs to be done in order to achieve success in one area of your life or another. They don't always tell you how. That's what makes the 7 Minutes Read series different. Each book contains a lot of food for thought, but it offers a variety of ideas of how to get the right result. Not all ideas work for each reader's lifestyle so by highlighting several ideas most readers are able to quickly identify what will work for them and can get right to work making positive changes – and you can read it all in 7 minutes! Do you want to make positive life changes, or do you want to read about how other people do it? If you are ready to get start doing it yourself, the 7 Minutes read series is ready to show you how!
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Experienced River Run competitor Jess Braddock, 25, and River Run novice Brittany Atter, 27, will share their experiences each week with the Times-Union's Outside section, as they complete a nine-week training program for the Gate River Run.
By the time you read this entry, I will have completed the Donna 5K run on Saturday (Feb. 22). I am hoping to finish in under 30 minutes, which will then qualify me for a seeded position for the Gate River Run. For the GRR there are 5,000 seeded positions. These highly coveted seeded spots allow you to start the race in the front of the pack. The first year I ran the GRR, I was unaware of this option, and it took me 6 minutes from the time the gun popped until I crossed the starting line. I wasted all of my adrenaline trying to weave through the crowd!
Also, by the time you read this entry, I will have turned 25 years old! I would have never imagined myself as a long distance runner at the age of 25. In high school it was like torture having to run 1 mile twice a year for the physical fitness test. Now, I'm running 15+ miles a week! I hope that can serve as a little inspiration for any of you readers that are thinking of taking up running, but have yet to get off the couch. You can do it!!!!!
It's official, I do not like the Acosta Bridge. It's OK in a car, or when it's closed due to railroad issues, but running over it is just not fun. The first week we "ran" it, I thought we'd get used to it and be running it without a problem in no time. This week, it was beautiful outside, the rest of the run was great, and then we got the Acosta … it's near the end of our route and the bridge doesn't look terribly steep or endless. Looks can be deceiving. I found myself about a quarter of the way from the top and gave up on it, yet again. I began thinking of the River Run, and wondering why they would make people run over that monstrosity, and if maybe they would offer an option B. I realize this isn't going to happen, but a girl can dream. New goal before run: defeat the dreaded Acosta!


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1259 Souderton Rd Blooming Glen, PA 18911
Phone: (215) 453-5941
Our family is first generation American, and we have been raised in true Italian traditions; family commitment, strong connections to our community, integrity, and pride.
Please stop by and see us. We have free wi-fi, and a clean, comfortable place to shop. Come get to know us!