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How to unmount .iso files if I forget to?
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[12 Posts]
Joined: 13 Nov 2008
Posts: 598
Posted: Wed 27 Mar 2013, 14:29
Post subject:
How to unmount .iso files if I forget to?
I noticed that when I mount an .iso file and don't unmount it, it stays mounted, and after shutting down and rebooting they come back mounted.
Is there a way to unmount all mounted .iso files, or a way to check if there are any and which are mounted?
Please don't post "click on it and it unmounts", that is obvious.
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Karl Godt
Joined: 20 Jun 2010
Posts: 4208
Location: Kiel,Germany
Posted: Wed 27 Mar 2013, 22:03
Post subject:
Older Puppies up to Slacko-5.3.1 had bugs at rc.shutdown in regards to unmounting. That should be fixed better now, but since your dell does not like newer kernels, it might be a good idea to replace the rc.shutdown with one of the newer ones.
But I think the main reason you ask is that clicking on it next time , you get a mount error.
That is also a code bug in /usr/sbin/filemnt, better handled also at later Pups.
IMHO the umount script should delete empty /mnt/+here+crazy+long+name+to+pup.sfs folders using the rmdir command ( rm -rf would erase everything below ) and not the filemnt script, since i unmount these manually in rox window, and since they don't get removed, next time clicking on the .iso i get a mount error first.
What I have experimented with is a rc.shutdown.local script to unmount and rmdir MOUNTPOINT .
rc.shutdown needs probably an extra entry to run a .local sub script.
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Joined: 03 Apr 2007
Posts: 3425
Location: Oregon
Posted: Thu 28 Mar 2013, 10:39
Post subject:
In my case, after a reboot, if I find a directory in /mnt that relates to an iso I had previously mounted and I find it is empty, I just delete that directory from /mnt.
But it is important to make sure that the directory is truly empty since I do not know if deleting it containing files would remove or try to remove the associated files in the directory.
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Joined: 13 Nov 2008
Posts: 598
Posted: Thu 28 Mar 2013, 10:45
Post subject:
So you're saying any Puppy newer than 5.3.1 will unmount all .iso files automatically at shut down? I haven't tested this on all Puppies...
But where did you get the idea that my Dell has problems with newer kernels? It has problems with only a few of them, maybe only 3 or 4 don't work out of 10 or 15 I tried with 3.* kernel. All Saluki and Exprimo 5.* work, most Precise derivatives (in fact all except one), all FatDog including 6.2.0beta(only not 6.1.* and UEFI) and all Slacko except for a very slight bug in 5.5, which can be simply ignored by doing simple shut downs instead of rebooting.
On the other hand I was having some serious problems with some of the Dpup 4.* versions, which have 2.* kernels, some of those wouldn't even boot. Puppy 4.2.1 also does not work, only the retro version of it works.
Anyways, I also get the error you mention if I click on it after rebooting, but then I can simply mount the .iso then unmount it and it's fine.
The way I have noticed that there are still mounted .isos is that when I use a program to open a file (for example vlc, mhwaveedit, some video editor), it lists somewhere .isos I may have mounted at one time. I guess I could simply use this as a guide as to which files to unmount.
I was just looking for a simple way to unmount all .isos, like a console command, or a command which lists all the mounted .isos.
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Joined: 18 Feb 2013
Posts: 490
Posted: Thu 28 Mar 2013, 11:14
Post subject:
This should do what you want.
Files=`find $Path -maxdepth 1 -type d`
echo "$Files" |while read F
if [ "$F" != "" ]; then
#echo $F > /tmp/mounted_dir_tmp
if [[ "$F" == *.iso* ]]; then
echo $F > /dev/null
umount $F
sleep 1 # keep this!!! Maybe set to .5 if successfully tested
rm -r $F
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Joined: 18 Feb 2013
Posts: 490
Posted: Thu 28 Mar 2013, 11:45
Post subject:
Hi, again me.
This one is working also for SFS files. I don't know if there are any other file types that could be mounted by a single mouse click. However, the code hopefully makes clear, how to modify this script to make it useable for such files.
Files=`find $Path -maxdepth 1 -type d`
echo "$Files" |while read F
if [ "$F" != "" ]; then
# Set to don't unmount $F
# Check for mounted ISO or SFS
if [[ "$F" == *.iso* ]]; then
elif [[ "$F" == *.sfs* ]]; then
# Unmount if $F is ISO or SFS (do_unmount="true")
if [ "$do_unmount" = "true" ]; then
echo $F > /dev/null
umount $F
sleep .2 # ---> works well over here
rm -r $F
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The new LazY Puppy Information Centre
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Karl Godt
Joined: 20 Jun 2010
Posts: 4208
Location: Kiel,Germany
Posted: Thu 28 Mar 2013, 15:31
Post subject:
sleep 3s
#PRIVATE='\.[0-9]*' ##my filemnt mounts without the many + anymore , using pid or random number
BONES='type [[:alnum:]]* (.*)$'
while read device on mountpoint bones
[ "$device" ] || continue
[ "$DISPLAY" ] && rox -D "$mountpoint"
echo "'$device' '$mountpoint'"
umount-FULL -d -l -r -v $device
[ $? -eq 0 ] || { echo "Probably failed to unmount."; continue; }
sleep 2s
[ -d "$mountpoint" ] && rmdir "$mountpoint"
$(mount |tac | grep '^/dev/loop' |grep -v '/initrd' |grep -i -E -e "\.iso$PRIVATE $BONES|\.sfs$PRIVATE $BONES|\.[2-4]fs$PRIVATE $BONES")
* had forgotten to leave out /initrd -> could result in not saving at shutdown
* had \.ext[2-4], while Puppy uses \.[2-4]fs extension
* added sync to flush to mounted save-files.3fs
* added sleep because sync may return always zero before the data finished being written
* added test for display and rox -D to close rox windows.
* check for usage of fuser to kill opened terminals and others
* support for filename with spaces
* probably write a gui
Last edited by Karl Godt on Sun 31 Mar 2013, 02:12; edited 1 time in total
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Joined: 13 Nov 2008
Posts: 598
Posted: Sat 30 Mar 2013, 10:29
Post subject:
RHS's code works pretty well. The only problem that can come up is if I recently opened an .iso by clicking and the window is open with the files in it, all the icons inside disappear and I can't get the files in it to re-appear even by re-clicking.
However, this shouldn't be a problem if I am trying to unmount after a reboot, and even if not rebooted I can visually check if any .isos are open.
Haven't tried your script yet Karl, but I will. And I think I've only tried the first RHS code.
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Karl Godt
Joined: 20 Jun 2010
Posts: 4208
Location: Kiel,Germany
Posted: Sat 30 Mar 2013, 18:30
Post subject:
Puppy code in /usr/local/bin/drive_all and /usr/sbin/filemnt has lines
rox -D "$mountpoint"
to close the rox filer window - if rox is the file manager you use.
But that would need to be like that :
[ "$DISPLAY" ] && rox -D "$mountpoint"
sleep 2s
to check if X is still running - otherwise rox will complain a little bit if you run the script after X has been killed by wmpoweroff or wmreboot scripts .
RSH uses
but in case of an typo like
rm -rf
and if unmounting fails, it could remove files if the file is still mounted read-write like save-files.3fs .
RSH wrote:
sleep .2 # ---> works well over here
rm -r $F
does not work well for me. To be sure i use sleep 2 , not 0.2 , because removal of the directory often fails, if run too short after the umount command in my experience but everyone has his/hers own preferences.
The directory should be removed, because filemnt script tests if that directory exists next boot, and if so, thinks it is mounted and tries to unmount it at first click, instead of mounting it.
Nevertheless , I have not experienced file-system corruption of read-only files having been mounted at a hard-poweroff.
Another idea would be to run the sync command before the unmounting loop starts, like :
sleep 3
#here now main part of script .
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Joined: 13 Nov 2008
Posts: 598
Posted: Tue 02 Apr 2013, 10:57
Post subject:
Second RHS script works well. Close window, reclick, and .iso mounts again. But the first time it had a slight problem unmounting an .iso that was open from a previous session (on a previous boot). Running it a second time unmounted that .iso though.
Actually that is a normal function of Puppy that the icons disappear from an unmounted volume if its window is open (unless a script is written to automatically close it, I guess), I remember from Saluki.
Karl Godt's script works intermittently, one time it seemed to work, one time it didn't unmount the mounted .isos, another time it unmounted but blocked all .iso files from mounting again, even after rebooting. Running the second RHS script made it work normally again.
But maybe it works fine on Karl's computer, just not mine. I'm not an expert in programming anyways.
Modifying sleep .2 to sleep 2 in RHS's script made it bug, that it was hard to remount an .iso after running the script, had to try clicking on it several times until it finally mounted.
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Joined: 29 Jun 2008
Posts: 10548
Location: SwedenEurope
Posted: Tue 02 Apr 2013, 13:21
Post subject:
I have a very poor memory. So have patience now with an old guy.
My recall is that I could have mounted an iso say july 2012 and
then get back to it say yesterday and it is still mounted
and has to be unmounted before I get access to the files?
Am I correct or is that poor memory How long time does it stay mounted
unless one manually unmount it?
I use Google Search on Puppy Forum
not an ideal solution though
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Karl Godt
Joined: 20 Jun 2010
Posts: 4208
Location: Kiel,Germany
Posted: Wed 03 Apr 2013, 14:26
Post subject:
nooby wrote:
I have a very poor memory. So have patience now with an old guy.
My recall is that I could have mounted an iso say july 2012 and
then get back to it say yesterday and it is still mounted
and has to be unmounted before I get access to the files?
Am I correct or is that poor memory How long time does it stay mounted
unless one manually unmount it?
Puppy has confusing code :
is the
mime-type starter application
if clicked on some
loop mountable files : .iso, .sfs, .2fs .
creates the
directory, if it does not already exist.
If mount fails, it does not remove the created directory. This is important to know for older Puppies being unable to mount new xz compressed .sfs :
The mountpoint gets created and rox opens a window in that mountpoint-directory without contents ( harmlless buguletti ) .
Also older filemnt scripts had code like this :
rox -D $MntPt #BK
umount $MntPt
rmdir $MntPt
Newer filemnt has moved the
rmdir $MntPt
line further down below the
yaf-splash -timeout 3
line to make it more sure, that the directory got removed.
IMPORTANT : If you use the commands
umount /mnt/+crazy+long+path+here+puppy_version.iso
umount-FULL /mnt/+crazy+long+path+here+puppy_version.iso
or unmount it by choosing the unmount option in the ROX-Filer right click menu
does not get removed also.
It only gets removed if left-clicked on that .iso file again.
Any mounts that show up next boot regardless today or in hundred years are fake mounts due to still showing entries in the /mnt folder kept in the save-file.2fs .
@mini-jaguar : Look at my code again, I had forgotten to check if frugal loopdevices are mounted, since I run mostly full installed . I assume that you got these troubles because the code should have unmounted your save-file.2fs . Sorry for inconveniences.
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This will be where the links to various tutorials will be. If one already exists, unless yours is actually tremendously better in some statistical way, don't post it. Otherwise, it'll be locked, and you will receive warns if this happens repeatedly (look at rules).
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text:
Another source notes: "Arnold. - Introduced by the Normans. Though widely scattered, it is confined south of a line from the Wash to the Mersey. It is at present most frequent in Warwickshire and Leicestershire. In the time of Edward I. it was numerously represented in Cambridgeshire ( Hundred Rolls)." [1]CITATION[CLOSE]
Guppy, Henry Brougham, Homes of Family Names in Great Britain. 1890. Print.
However, not all of the family emigrated to England at the time of the Conquest: "Robert Ernaldus, or Ernaut, and William Ernaut occur in Normandy 1180-98 (Magni Rotuli Scaccarii Normanniae)." [2]CITATION[CLOSE]
The Norman People and Their Existing Descendants in the British Dominions and the United States Of America. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 1975. Print. (ISBN 0-8063-0636-X)
Further to the north in Scotland, the name was probably derived from "Aeenald (Ernald, Ernold) or Arnold, second abbot of Kelso, who was elected bishop of St. Andrews, 1160. William le fiz Arnaud (the French form of the name), was king's tenant in counte de Linlescu and Henry le fiz Arnaud del counte de Selkirk rendered homage 1296." [4]CITATION[CLOSE]
Black, George F., The Surnames of Scotland Their Origin, Meaning and History. New York: New York Public Library, 1946. Print. (ISBN 0-87104-172-3) The latter reference "rendered homage" was noting the this person had paid homage to King Edward I of England upon his invasion of Scotland.
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text:
Consumers are more likely to turn to the Internet for prescription drug information than their pharmacists, according to a survey commission by RxAlly, a network of community pharmacies.
When asked who they trusted to guide and inform their healthcare decisions, 22 percent of U.S. adults named the Internet. Only 20 percent named pharmacists.
The top answer -- not surprisingly -- was "my doctor" at 72 percent, followed by "family and friends" at 36 percent.
However disappointing for the pharmacists, RxAlly points out the survey also revealed that 76 percent of adults agree that pharmacists are equally as qualified to answer questions about prescription medications as doctors. However, only 25 percent have regular conversations about their health with a pharmacist and only 39 percent report that they often rely on a pharmacist for medical advice.
Bruce Roberts, CEO of RxAlly, says consumers should never hesitate to question or consult with a pharmacist. These conversations, he says, can head off potential problems like medication adherence.
"There is a significant discrepancy between patient-reported versus proven adherence rates, which underscores the need to leverage pharmacists' specialized training to better educate patients about their medications and how to more correctly take them," Roberts said. "Ongoing personalized pharmacist care involving regular conversations with a pharmacist is proven to increase adherence rates, improve patient health and reduce costs -- a triple win for patients, pharmacists and the entire U.S. healthcare industry."
Awareness not the issue
It's not that consumers aren't aware that pharmacists can answer their questions. The survey found that 63 percent were aware of pharmacists' specialized training but also shows this expertise is under-utilized. Only 15 percent of U.S. adults have ever discussed a medication maintenance regimen with a pharmacist and only 49 percent have discussed any new medication with a pharmacist.
Also no surprise, says RxAlly, the survey shows a large number of consumers don't always take their medication as prescribed. In fact, several seminal studies have shown that of the approximately 187 million Americans who take one or more prescription drugs, up to one-half do not take their medications as prescribed.
Low rates of medication adherence can lead to disease complications, increased hospitalization, drug resistance and even death.
Story provided by ConsumerAffairs.


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Todd Tomlinson necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 45 diseños de 8 diseñadores freelance.
McCombs Today
McCombs Today is a news resource for alumni of the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas - The highest ranked business school in Texas and the Southwest.
Particularly alumni of the McCombs School of business, but other audiences might include faculty, staff, students, prospective students, donors and friends of the school.
McCombs Today needs to be branded consistent with other sites in the McCombs School of Business.
Our fonts are Expressway for header text, and Cambria for body text.
Color palette:
Orange = c75b12
Drab = aa9c8f
Yellow = eaab00
Red = 981e32
Blue = 244363
Green = b7ad66
Tan = bdb1a6
Crème = f1e3bb
Not Black = 202020
Use orange as an accent color for links and important items, because it's the main branding color at the University of Texas.
Use the other colors in our palette to balance things out and give an engaging, professional look to the site.
The McCombs Logo needs to be top-left in the header, and should not be altered with drop shadows or combined with other graphics in any way.
Some examples of other sites in the McCombs family can be found at :
The attached wireframes are a guide to the kind of page elements that we'll have to support in the site.
They do not dictate exact sizes or implementation of screen elements.
You're free to render tabs or boxes on the wireframe as something other than a tab or box, according to your creativity.
We will need a rendering of a home, 2nd level and article pages as shown in the wireframes.


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This tutorial is made adobe cs3 photoshop.It should work the same in cs4
Step 1
Make a new Canvas 400x 400 px
Step 2
Select the gradient tool and select a color (i'm using blue)
Step 3
Draw the Gradient.
Step 4
Select Filters > distort > ocean ripple.
Increase the magnitude slightly
Step 5
Now select Filters > Artistic > Spronge
Play around with the options to you get it like you want it.
Here are other Examples:
My signature using the design
Here is an example of two gradient and a extra effect layer over
Page 1 of 1
Createing Camouflage Texture Make Camouflage in different colours
Posted 02 September 2009 - 08:10 AM
Page 1 of 1


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|Drugs A-Z Pill | Identifier | Supplements | Symptom Checker | Diseases | Dictionary | Media | Contact us
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Generic Amantadine is a copy that is the name as a brand name drug in dosage , safety, strength, how it is taken , quality, performance, & and intended use.
|Last update Thu October 17 2019
Copyright © 2006–2014 Quality Rx List . All rights reserved. All trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective companies. Information about Amantadine on this site is provided for informational purposes and is not meant to substitute for the advice provided by your own physician or other medical professional. You should not use the information contained herein for diagnosing or treating a health problem or disease, or prescribing Amantadine. You should read carefully all product packaging. If you have or suspect that you have a medical problem, promptly contact your health care provider.


text:
- Danger: unexploded mines (left); author and anti-personnel mine (right).
Cambodia: one mine at a time
A day in the life of CNN Hero Akira and his de-mining team.
Stepping into a mine field gives one a whole new appreciation for the word "concentration."
Akira tells me to follow him closely, and I am practically in his back pocket.
The sun is a swirling ball that would be at home in a Van Gogh painting, frying my brains under my helmet and visor that's so close to my nose I feel I am suffocating. I stop every few feet to raise it for a quick breath and quickly lower it to escape Akira's wrath for disobeying an order. Under my frontal body armor, sweat pours as if I were a saturated sponge. The post-monsoon humidity in the Cambodian jungle is bad enough without 30 pounds of body armor and three cameras. Having to wear all of this is ironic, because if I were to step on a mine it would be useless.
Much of the field has been burned away, cleared of brush, while the square areas yet to be checked are outlined with red twine anchored at each corner with a bright red deaths head that screams "mines" (top).
That eyeless skull is everywhere, a constant reminder that this country has known war for most of its existence. The Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot called land mines "the perfect soldier" as they were designed to maim rather than kill.
Being chosen as a CNN HERO in 2010 brought Akira international fame, and in 2012 he won the Manhae Peace Prize awarded by South Korea. But that changes nothing for him. This man who now meets with prime ministers and billionaires is humble and self-effacing, the kind of guy who would get lost in a crowd were it not for the fact that he's a living national treasure. For him, there is only the work.
Akira is only truly happy in the jungle, working, sleeping in a hammock, trapping snakes and birds for food, and sharing his teams' danger.
Orphaned by age 8 – an approximation since there are no written records – Akira was taken in by the Khmer Rouge and made a child soldier, trained as an explosives expert, and made to plant land mines, a job he admits to becoming quickly adept at. At 13 he was captured and forced to join the invading Vietnamese army, fighting against his former friends while still planting mines. According to him, he could easily lay 100 in a single day.
At 14, when the Vietnamese withdrew from Cambodia, he was drafted into the Cambodian army and made an officer, one of the most skilled demolition experts in Cambodia while still a child and a combat veteran of three separate armies. At 19 he was recruited by the United Nations, but his growing awareness of what he had done as a child brought him an epiphany. He would not work for anyone else again. Instead, he would devote the rest of his life to removing the deadly objects he himself installed.
When a mine is found, a small square of reclaimed TNT with a radio-controlled detonator is laid next to it, Akira orders everyone to back off a paced 75 yards and to kneel down for the explosion. Even from that distance, the detonation of a small antipersonnel mine is like a whack in the chest from a hammer. There is a physical shockwave that invades your body. I watch a mushroom cloud of dirt rise 40 feet in the air as one more mine is eliminated.
Kneeling behind one of the de-miners, a young girl in her 20s, I sync my breathing to hers, moving as she moves, sliding my knees ever so gently, watching for any tell-tale sign or a depression in the dirt.
She uses gardening shears to clear overhanging brush and runs a knife around the edges of her detector to make sure it is functioning properly before passing it almost unperceptively over the ground from left to right then back again several times. It is like watching paint dry, and yet the only sound is the beating of my own heart. It is the most intense feeling: senses heightened, sound magnified, ears scanning for the slightest nuance, eyes probing through the dirt itself.
When that six-inch swath gives no warning, she moves the red-painted board forward to the limit of her scan, another few inches made safe. In an hour, we move ten feet, when a screech comes over the headphones and she kneels, slowly begins to clear dirt, inserting her trowel at an angle so as not to apply any pressure on the mine should that prove to be the culprit.
A mere 10 pounds of pressure is all it takes to enter the hereafter.
With infinite patience, she scoops dirt away, revealing the green curved rim of a Russian-made anti-personnel mine.
Word goes out over the radio and Akira comes running. While we wait for him, I am told this young lady is the mother of three, and I try to imagine what I would feel if my own mother removed landmines for a living. He calls me over to see this mine before blowing it. Akira laughs at my trembling hand, only inches away from a device that can blow me to kingdom come in the blink of an eye. A few minutes later as another blast rocks the jungle, he has lived up to his slogan, "One mine at a time."
This team has chosen a life of self-denial that is almost as monastic as the saffron-robed monks their country is known for. In their military fatigues bearing the logo of the de-mining organization, they are treated as local heroes wherever they go. Akira himself is rapidly attaining superstar status. By his own estimate, it will take another decade to rid Cambodia of most of its land mines.
When I leave, I take a final look at Akira sitting by a campfire laughing with his troops. It had been a good day. He had blown up five mines.


text:
Package: hol88-contrib-source (2.02.19940316-28)
Links for hol88-contrib-source
Debian Resources:
Download Source Package hol88:
- [hol88_2.02.19940316-28.dsc]
- [hol88_2.02.19940316.orig.tar.gz]
- [hol88_2.02.19940316-28.debian.tar.xz]
Similar packages:
Higher Order Logic, user contributed source
The HOL System is an environment for interactive theorem proving in a higher-order logic. Its most outstanding feature is its high degree of programmability through the meta-language ML. The system has a wide variety of uses from formalizing pure mathematics to verification of industrial hardware. Academic and industrial sites world-wide are using HOL.
Download hol88-contrib-source
|Package Size
|Installed Size
|715.6 kB
|5,547.0 kB
|[list of files]


text:
Prince George is setting trends and selling them out, just like mum Catherine and late grandmother Princess Diana.
In his 45-second appearance outside the Lindo Wing of St. Mary's hospital on July 23, the newborn king-to-be was swaddled in a bird-printed blanket that has sent swaddlers around the world into a fashion frenzy.
The blanket was made by New York-based aden + anais and comes as part of the brand's 4-piece Jungle Jam pack, which retails for $49.95. The company's website crashed within four hours of the new prince's appearance, according to the Associated Press.
On July 24, the site crashed again and after nine days, aden + anais received 7,000 orders of the blanket, which marks a 600% increase in sales, AP said. The company has also wrapped Beyonce and Jay Z's baby girl, Blue Ivy Carter, but the attention the 2-week-old prince has brought the 65-employee company is of royal proportions.
Prince George's merino wool christening blanket by G.H. Hurt & Co. was almost instantly on back order too, All the Rage reported.
But it isn't that surprising that this 8-pound, 6-ounce bundle could be so en vogue. Prince George's mom has been selling out dresses since the beginnings of her romance with Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. It's called "The Kate Effect" and the former Kate Middleton has built a rep for a practical style sensibility by rejecting the "only wear once" notion of royal watchers. She's also been a huge supporter of British brands and affordable garments.
Wills' mom, Diana, was a major style icon in her day, with outfits of hers fetching thousands of dollars at auction.
The name George is also expected to see a boost in popularity with the name predicted to rise from 12th most popular name for a boy in the U.K. to fourth most popular name in 2014, according to genealogy website Ancestry.com.
But for now, rather than asking Prince George, "Who are you wearing?," we'll be framing that pertinent question as, "Who are you spitting up on?"
Follow Ministry of Gossip @LATcelebs.


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Having a jar of Candied Jalapenos on hand, along with a block of cream cheese and a box of crackers is seriously the easiest snack or appetizer ever. People love these sweet, but spicy little gems. I have never put out a plate for snacking that wasn't licked clean when it returned to the kitchen. Hubs tops burgers with the Candied Jalapenos, and I have chopped them up and mixed into a pretty plain Jane potato salad for an extra kick. The hardest part of the canning preparation is slicing the jalapenos, but I used my mandolin slicer and it was a breeze...just don't cut yourself (or if you do...stay tuned to the blog, I have a surprise coming up in a future post). So, give it a try. Even after the stormiest of days, I am happy with Candied Jalapenos On My Plate.
Slice jalapenos into thin slices, dice onion, chop garlic. (Gloves are a must for this...and PLEASE don't touch your face or eyes until you have thoroughly washed your hands. Those oils are nasty.)
In large pot, combine peppers, onion, and garlic with the remaining ingredients.
Bring to a boil, reduce heat and simmer about 10-12 minutes, making sure sugar is dissolved.
Fill prepared canning jars with boiling mixture, leaving 1/4 inch head space.
Adjust lids.
Water bath 5 minutes to seal the jars.


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Birgit's "See and Sign" at Barnes & Noble
Wow. "Just Bea" made it into a pretty cool book that really makes a difference.
100 artists pay tribute to creator of "Cul de Sac" Richard Thompson, who has been diagnosed with Parkinson's, by creating original comic and illustrative art to help raise awareness of the disease. I am honored that my cartoon, "Just Bea" is included in this book and it is placed on the pages next to the likes of Cul de Sac, Calvin and Hobbes, Beetle Bailey, Garfield, Fox Trot, Momma, Rhymes With Orange, Cathy, Hi and Lois.
I'm extending a personal invitation to join me at a book-signing at Barnes & Noble in Royal Oak Thursday July 12 from 6:30 -8:30. I'll be signing "Cartoonist's Draw the Line at Parkinson's – Team Cul de Sac" and will say a little sumpin' sumpin' to kick it off.
"Richard Thompson is lucky to have a friend like Chris Sparks. With this amazing collection, Chris is raising significant dollars and awareness for Parkinson's —while proving comedy can help speed a cure. We're grateful to have both Chris and Richard on our team."
– Michael J. Fox
"Team Cul De Sac is a coffee-table book first and foremost, filled with terrific art, but it's also a tribute to Thompson from his many admirers, who have noticed how in just a few short years, Cul De Sac has already become a classic, with a universe rich enough that 100 different artists can approach it and find something uniquely wonderful to highlight."
– Graphic novels & art-comics—June 2012
Publisher Andrews McMeel will donate a portion of the proceeds from the sale of each book to the Michael J. Fox Foundation which is dedicated to finding a cure for Parkinson's disease.
If you'd like to donate and help The Michael J. Fox Foundation find a cure, a donation box will also be on hand. Checks can be made out to The Michael J Fox Foundation.
If you are within shoutin' distance come on by, I can't wait to see you!


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Wednesday, March 19, 2008
Anatomy of a Doll or How to look good naked
So my first dolls had soft, squishy heads and skimpily stuffed limbs. Their little faces always seemed to be looking to the right or the left. My dolls were made with love but not necessarily made to last. I kept at it and my handwork kept improving.
Normally my dolls are only seen fully dressed and ready to ship. A naked doll is rarely seen. Here are a few close up shots of a recent doll sans clothing and hair.
All ready for hair and clothes.
A sweet face ready for smooching
What am I hiding under the mohair wig? Some Frankenstein stitches.
Sweet Feet.
A little hand for holding.
I am always happy to answer doll making questions. Please feel free to ask.
16 comments:
Great post!
Do you have any suggestions on how to make head nice and firm?
- March 20, 2008 at 11:17 PM
- Berrie Wren Bowen said...
I'm a roller. Here is how I do it. First I pull strips of wool batting into 2"-3" strips (along the grain). Then I separate those strips in half lengthwise. What I mean by that is I halve the thickness of the strip. I take one strip and wind about 10" of it tightly around my finger to get a little firm starter ball. I take it off my finger and hold it on my right palm. The rest of the strip of wool is falling back across my hand between my thumb and forefinger. I then roll the ball while adding a little tension to the strip with my thumb and forefinger. When the strip is all the way wound on, I add another and another until the ball is a bit bigger than I want my head. I then take a square of batting that will generously cover the ball and place it over the ball. I gently smooth it over the ball and gather it up where the neck would be. I then put the stockinette tube (inside out) on one hand and place it on the "crown" of the head and pull it over the head turning it right side out. Tie the neck string and eye and chin strings and "voila!", a head.
Either this is clear as mud or makes total sense. Let me know. I think a picture tutorial may be in order.
xo Berrie
- March 21, 2008 at 7:52 AM
Thank you so much! I can read the technique in books, but my heads always turn out pretty soft. This is great, and a picture tutorial would be wonderful.
- March 22, 2008 at 10:34 PM
- martha said...
your dolls always look so nice - even naked. i just looked at your etsy shop and those moondrops all dressed up are so cute!
- April 12, 2008 at 3:42 PM
Hi, I have been admiring your work, I love your dolls, they inspired me to make one for my baby but I need help, I was able to get the head done, but when I cover the head with the skin tone fabric, can't do it!!! it looks nice on the face but the neck under the chin has wrinkles :( I spent hours trying to figure out how to do it without any wrinkles bu nope!! I am not that smart I guess :(, please help? any suggestions would be highly appriciated by me, by my baby and by my hubby who thinks I make elderly dolls :o, Please help! Thank you...
Rana, Livonia, Michigan
- April 23, 2008 at 7:25 AM
I LOVE your dolls!! They are sooo cute!! I am thinking about making my own but there are so many variations on how to put them together. Do you have two individual arms sewn in on top of the completed torso, or do you have the arms sewn in as one piece and sew them to the muff BEFORE finishing off the torso. I can't decide which is better looking, more durable or the easiest. If it's the second option, how the heck do you do that!! :) It seems impossible.
- May 26, 2009 at 9:01 PM
- Berrie Wren Bowen said...
Hi Elizabeth,
Well...it is the second option. Sort of. I use two separate arm pieces and sew them to the muff. It is doable and durable. I have never sewn the arms to the outside of the doll so I can't say anything about that process.
If you can get your hands on a copy of Kinder Dolls you will find the process for sewing the arms to the inside.
Good Luck!
- May 27, 2009 at 5:21 AM
Thank you so much for this post. I'm embarking on my first doll making this december for my kids for Christmas. I do have one question. Are the legs separate and then sewn to the body? I'm trying to make a pattern for my doll and I'm still not sure what i like.
- December 8, 2009 at 11:09 AM
- Berrie Wren Bowen said...
Hi Heidi - Yes...the legs are two separate pieces. They are sewn into the bottom seam of the torso.
I still fiddle with my patterns after all these years. You will find what is pleasing to you and no matter what, your child will love a "mommy made' doll.
xo Berrie
- December 9, 2009 at 6:49 AM
I am having the worst time trying to figure out how to make nice, neat, nearly invisible stitches to attach the head and arms to the torso. Any tips for that?
Congratulations, by the way! It looks as though the big day is quickly approaching!
- May 9, 2010 at 7:02 PM
How do you get the cheeks to be so nice and chubby? I am busy with my first doll and it looks so old and not like a child's face. Any suggestions?
Thanks for taking the time to read this. I LOVE your dolls! They are adorable!
- October 4, 2010 at 11:52 AM
- Lauren said...
Berrie - You are so wonderful to provide guidance - many many thanks!
- April 19, 2011 at 11:12 PM
- Carrie said...
Thank you for this!! I have made 2 dolls and they are just not up to "my" standards.. But my girls love them so thats all that matters to me right now :) I always wonder how everyone else puts theirs together.. I bought the book Making Waldorf dolls as well as several ebooks and everyone does it a bit different..
We adore you dollies!!
- April 20, 2011 at 4:04 AM
Hi Berrie I love every thing that you create you are the best, I bought a few books about making waldorf dolls and made allready three dolls, but the way you teache and explain is very very vivid and clear, the photos allso help, I gave them as present and I am so
pleased so thank you for shearing us' all the best from
ofri Barzilay
- April 20, 2011 at 8:01 AM
Hi Berrie, did you used to have a tutorial on your blog on how to make a head? Thanks!
- May 28, 2011 at 12:34 AM
- Berrie Hamby said...
Yes I do have a head making tutorial. I have it tucked away for now. With all the new doll makers out there, I feel it is best to only let it be utilized by people who do not want to sell their dolls. I am not showing it to anyone at this time.
Thank you for understanding.
- May 30, 2011 at 8:15 AM


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AS400 Job Scheduler
If you are looking to create jobs that you need to run at specified days or times on a regular basis on your as400 then your need to be using a job control process or a job scheduler.
Your first port of call for this should be the job scheduler that is built into the operating system. The job scheduler that is built into the operating system is pretty good and will allow you to submit jobs at specified dates and times.
To access the built in job scheduler use the command Work With Job Schedule Entries, WRKJOBSCDE. Each job schedule entry contains the information needed to automatically submit a batch job once or at regularly scheduled intervals.
From the WRKJOBSCDE page you can maintain all the entries. You can also do an immediate submit of a scheduled job from here. You do have to be careful doing an immediate submit of a job though as if you setup your job in the default way, then immediate submits will use the current library list settings from your job. To prevent that you need to be sure to setup the job scheduled entries to take the setting from a specific *JOBD or a specific *USRPRF.
Although the built in job scheduler is very good, once you have been using it for a while you will come up against its limitations. One thing that it doesnt handle is any dependancies between jobs you want to run. For instance you may have a Close Of Business process or an overnight batch run that does you major updates and reporting, and have certain jobs that need to run before or after other jobs, but the built in job scheduler doesnt have anything that handles that. You can get round it by adding extra logic to your processes but of course that can be cumbersome and error prone to get right.
The other option is to look at more sophisticated job schedulers and there are a number out there.
IBM offer their own Advanced job scheduler for System I. It allows you to run jobs manually, based on a schedule or based on some event.
Helps system have their System I job scheduler ROBOT/Schedule which is also quite sophisticated.
Halcyons Operations Centre includes a job scheduler as well as other functions


text:
Jared Pennington
Jared Pennington
( forming a band )
Listing Type: Group
Members: Jared Pennington
Primary Music: All Genres
Other Music: Southern Rock, Classic Rock, Country, Alt. Rock, Grundge, Celtic and many more!
Web Sites:
ISO BASSIST! For a three piece, advanced players only, must be able to follow a jam, know your scales, and have the gear. The band will be playing a WIDE variety of music genres, including Rock, Blues, R&B, Funk, Classic Rock, Country, Southern Rock, Alternative, and even some Metal. Original music as well. We would be gigging in and around the Walla Walla area. Set list is ready, with the exception of a few that can be added or subtracted to suit the bassist. Serious inquiries only please.
Lead Vocals, Lead Guitar, Drums, need Bassist.
Contact Info
205 Brock St. Apt 1
Walla Walla, WA
email band
search our site
3-way street
adam kirtley
audrey renaud
back roads
barb braendlein
barry bergstrom and ea
ben castanares
bfd productions
big font
bizarre love triangle
blarney pilgrim
blues therapy show
bryan j. nelson
campbell l. davis
carolyn mildenberger
charlie king
chris jonlick
coyote joe
coyote kings
creston rogerson
daergan guy
daniel mark faller
danny witherow
david bullock
david joseph
david plays the pipes
denny nelson
denny sedam
diego and the detonato
double tap
drummer lance
emilio cabrales
feels like home
freddy zamora
gary hemenway
gary winston & the rea
george copeland
gesa power house theat
glory road
greg miner
hand picked
hector vela
iguana hat
iron horse
jared pennington
jectrecordingstudio &
jeff hayes
jeff omealey
jesse campos
jj johnson
joanne mohrland
kenny kofler
kevin catlett
larry gesler
levi gilbert
live @ sapolil
melissa cunnington
michael lefevre
mike mendoza
my sister linoleum
nerve centr
night life walla walla
nostalgic guitars
orange fight
out of order
pat webb
personal friends
pete crawford
phoenix blues band
power swing
randal 'dog man' son
randy kaping
robin barrett
roger e sumner
roger quesnell
rogue lobster
ryan calvert
ryegrass string band
shanks pony
shelby dole
silent giant
sinclair estate vineya
sirens of swank
smooth hours
steven nokes
swing set
the blarney cats
the blarneycats
the dcs
the froghollow band
the penrose lane band
the poetry assassins
the rogues
tom simon
topher mcclellan
torch davis
tracy larson
tricky dick
tuck foster & the moss
vicky and the velveton
w w village winery
walla walla choral soc
walla walla guitar com
walla walla presbyteri
walla walla symphony
walla walla valley ban
walla walla village wi
wheat town
whiskey creek band
upcoming events
Friday, Oct 25 2019
Gesa Power House Theatre
Saturday, Nov 02 2019
Gesa Power House Theatre
Wednesday, Nov 06 2019
Gesa Power House Theatre
Sunday, Nov 10 2019
Gesa Power House Theatre
Wednesday, Nov 20 2019
Gesa Power House Theatre
Sunday, Dec 01 2019
Gesa Power House Theatre
Monday, Dec 02 2019
Gesa Power House Theatre
website contact


text:
Ultrasone Proline 750 ($389) and Edition 8 ($1,499)
Ultrasone headphones have a particular "character," and as a result, people have strong reactions to their sound. But Ultrasone also incorporates a few unique features. Ultra-Low Emission technology dramatically reduces magnetic radiation from the headphone drivers; I don't know if having significant amounts of magnetic radiation so close to your head is a health hazard, but there's no harm in not having it. Ultrasone's unique S-Logic Natural Surround Sound process is not about 5.1, but aims to reduce the "headphone effect" by giving a sense of distance. Instead of having the sound hit the inner ear directly, sound reflects off the outer ear's surface beforehand; the company believes this is more realistic because we use the outer ear to locate the direction from which sound emanates. Ultrasone also claims this process gives the same apparent loudness with 3–4dB lower sond pressure levels. I can't verify this, but the sound is definitely more "open" than other headphones (except for the AKG K 702, which exhibits similar "speaker-like" qualities but uses different technology).
Ultrasones are known for a sparkly, present sound, while delivering a tight bass. Even those who find them "bright" don't necessarily find them harsh, because the highs are smooth. But if you like the sound of the 750, you'll flip over the Edition 8. It's a luxury item (Ruthenium-covered outer ear cups, Ethiopian sheepskin leathercovered headband, French goatskin carrying pouch) but so is the sound. It has everything people like about the 750, but achieves its balanced, neutral sound with exceptional detail—it recalls the 750, but with more refinement, especially from the lower mids on down. There's absolutely no "peakiness" to the response.
The only disadvantage I found with the Edition 8 is an odd one: Where other headphones would sound terrible with excessive sibilance, the Edition 8 re-created it so neutrally it wasn't objectionable. With the Edition 8, you could go through life thinking you never need a de-esser, and cymbals never sound harsh. As a result, if you plan to use these as a reality check, you won't be hearing what other people will hear on inferior phones. Conversely, if you subscribe to the philosophy of mixing on the highest quality monitors possible because the accuracy will allow music to sound as correct as it can on lower-quality transducers too, the Edition 8 embodies that philosophy. Furthermore, it makes the whole process of listening and mixing enjoyable rather than just clinical. Granted, most of us won't be able to afford them (I certainly can't), but if you want to know what top-of-the-line buys you, these give a sound that's stunning precisely for its lack of stun— what you hear is what was recorded. Fortunately, the 750 delivers most of the goods for a much lower price.


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This January 18-25, churches worldwide will participate in "Eight Days reflecting on our change in Christ." It is called the World Week of Prayer for Christian Unity.
Why do most American churches ignore the annual event which began in 1908? Perhaps it is because it is co-sponsored by the World Council of Churches. The vast majority of U.S.churches shun having anything to do with the WCC – and have for decades.
It's always a real shame when a great idea is shrugged off – particularly since the Week of Prayer isn't "owned" by the WCC. This year's official text was approved jointly by the Faith and Order Commission World Council of Churches in Geneva, Switzerland, and the Vatican's Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity in Rome.
But it's as if your family's black sheep, Aunt Libby, announces she's going to celebrate your grandparents' 48th wedding anniversary with a grand gala. Your mom rolls her eyes and says she'll take them out to dinner the night before, but will skip Libby's party since she really needs to stay home to shampoo the rug.
The World Week of Prayer actually was founded by two English clergymen, one Catholic, one Church of England. It gained popularity in the 1930s when it was promoted by a French clergyman.
This year, participants are "invited to enter more deeply into our faith that we will all be changed through the victory of our Lord Jesus Christ. The biblical readings, commentaries, prayers and questions for reflection, all explore different aspects of what this means for the lives of Christians and their unity with one another, in and for today's world."
For eight days, participants are invited to consider chosen scriptures and a daily theme, which include:
Day One: Changed by the Servant Christ
Day Two: Changed through patient waiting for the Lord
Day Three: Changed by the Suffering Servant
Day Four: Changed by the Lord's Victory over Evil
Day Five: Changed by the peace of the Risen Lord
Day Six: Changed by God's Steadfast Love
Day Seven: Changed by the Good Shepherd
Day Eight: United in the Reign of Christ
Participants consider tenets of faith shared by all Christians, such as: "Christ's victory enables us to look into the future with hope. This victory overcomes all that keeps us from sharing fullness of life with him and with each other. Christians know that unity among us is above all a gift of God. It is a share in Christ's glorious victory over all that divides."
So, there no little irony in that the World Council of Churches' involvement seems to make the event of little interest to most of America's largest churches.
WCC membership includes almost no conservative Evangelicals. The WCC's U.S. organization, the National Council of Churches, is dominated byAmerica's five top liberal and declining denominations: The Episcopal Church in the United States of America, the Presbyterian Church U.S.A., the Disciples of Christ, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the United Church of Christ (Congregationalists) and the United Methodist Church. The Episcopalians alone have lost 1 million members since 1975. The Disciples had 2 million members in 1958 and now are less than half of that.
The Catholic Church declines to join the World Council of Churches. The Southern Baptists are particularly blunt in their assessment:
"The World Council of Churches has long been a boutique of paganism in Christian garb," writes Russell D. Moore, senior vice president for academic administration and dean of the school of theology at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville,Ky. "Believers across the world, whatever their denomination or communion, recognize the spirit of the World Council for what it is: the spirit of antichrist."
One of the great leaders of the Pentecostal/ Charismatic movement, South African author David du Plessis, was disfellowshiped from the Assemblies of God denomination for his determination to maintain a dialogue with the World Council of Churches, which was seen as too flawed to ever succeed.
During the Cold War, it was alleged to be a target of the KGB, which — Continued on page 2
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The Rescued Jeep Wrangler - Part 9Posted in Project Vehicles on June 9, 2014
A little over a year ago, we introduced you to our '95 Jeep Wrangler YJ project, which we dubbed the Rescued Jeep Wrangler. When we first found the YJ, it already had the 2½-ton Rockwell axles, but was far from a finished wheeler. As is the case in the world of off-road rig building, the original owner got a tad over ambitious, and as the years rolled on, he became less and less interested in finishing the build. We were fortunate to get the Wrangler for a great deal, but we knew that it would take a fair amount of time and resources to get the rig finished correctly.
To aid in the resurrection process, we dragged the YJ to the Jeep gurus at Low Range 4x4 in Wilmington, North Carolina. Working alongside Low Range owner Kelly Carter and his talented crew, we transformed the once-abandoned Wrangler into the wheeler you see here today. From the beginning, our goal for the YJ was simple -- spend where we needed, save where we could. In areas like our suspension, we saved big by using basic Jeep Wrangler TJ coil springs and Zone Offroad shocks. This led us to splurge on more performance-oriented parts like our Ouverson pinion brakes and PSC Motorsports fully hydraulic steering.
The entire build has been an exercise in balancing dollar-smart upgrades and worthwhile high-end components. Since we last reported on the YJ, we've had a little time to test and tune the Jeep. One area we really enjoyed wheeling the Jeep Wrangler was The Flats in Marion, North Carolina. Many of you have probably sped past The Flats off-road park on Interstate 40 and never knew the 4x4 playground was hidden on the mountainside. With roughly 70 acres of wheeling land, it made for a great setting to test the YJ off-road.
Overall, we are incredibly pleased with how well the Jeep works. It's easy to drive on the trail, very predictable, and despite being a touch underpowered at times, still has enough to be versatile. The rig could definitely benefit from a beefier bellypan as the stock one has taken a beating, and since it had sat for so many years, we found some of the seals were pretty shot. Sans a few leaking components, we can't point to any other items we would want to swap out or replace at this time. At the end of the day, we're stoked to give this once forgotten Jeep a new lease on life.
Now fit with a 110-inch wheelbase and 95½-inch track width, the YJ felt extremely stable on hill climbs and off-camber obstacles. Maneuvering through the woods takes a bit more planning, but we never found the size of the Jeep to be a major hindrance.
Effortless is the best way we can described the YJ's steering. The PSC Motorsports fully hydraulic setup isn't something that we would suggest for street-driven Jeeps, but off-road, it makes a day on the trail easy on the arms. The speed at which you can work the wheel takes a little getting used to, but once you have it dialed, it's great.
We wouldn't classify our Wrangler's suspension as ultra trick or long travel, but it flat works great. The 3½-inch–lift BDS Suspension TJ coil springs never felt overly soft, and the Zone shocks were adequate for the type of trail riding we are doing. The two unsung heroes of the suspension were the Daystar bumpstops and Trail-Gear limit straps. Both suspension stops were constantly in play and performed exactly as they were intended.
The stock 4.0L isn't an extreme powerhouse, especially when paired behind the three-speed automatic transmission. While we had enough power in low range to get the tires spinning, we would often run out of steam on longer hillclimbs. This led us to using our Warn 10,000-pound VR-series winch a few times during the day.
|1995 Jeep Wrangler
|Build time:
|4.0L Jeep I-6
|TorqueFlite 999
|Transfer case(s):
|NP231 w/Tom Woods SYE
|Low range ratio(s):
|Front axle/differential:
|2½-ton Rockwell/Grizzly Locker, 6.72:1 gears
|Rear axle/differential:
|2½-ton Rockwell/Grizzly Locker, 6.72:1 gears
|Front suspension:
|Four-link w/track bar, Currie Johnny Joints, Ballistic Fab coil, shock, & radius arm mounts, EVO Mfg. frame-side control arm mounts, BDS Suspension 3½-in-lift TJ coils, Zone Offroad shocks, Daystar bumpstops
|Rear suspension:
|Four-link w/triangulated uppers, Currie Johnny Joints, Ballistic Fab axle mounts, EVO Mfg. frame-side suspension brackets, BDS Suspension 3½-in-lift TJ coils Zone Offroad shocks, Daystar bumpstops
|PSC Motorsports full-hydraulic double-ended ram
|44x19.50-15LT Pitbull Rocker
|15x12 Off-Road Connection
|Poison Spyder Customs front bumper, fenders, and rocker guards
|Ouverson pinion brakes, Warn 10,000lb VR-series winch, Rugged Ridge high-back vinyl seats, GenRight 23-gal gas tank, Tom Wood's driveshafts


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A complete educational guide to RMS Titanic for Teachers and Students
Titanic: The Triumph
Titanic was the largest moving man made object of all time in 1912 and is still regarded as an amazing engineering feat over a century later. Over 15,000 tradesmen worked on both her mammoth hull and lavish interior to make Titanic the pride of the White Star Line fleet. Find out the legendary stories of Titanic's construction.
Titanic: The Tragedy
A century later, Titanic is still the greatest civil maritime disaster of all time. 1500 men, women and children perished on that fateful night and the blatant failures of Titanic would change shipping forever. Discover what occurred from the survivors, the official inquiry and watch in depth video analysis of how and why the Titanic 'really' sank.
Titanic: The Legend
Titanic has captivated generations around the world. Shakespeare could not have imagined such a grand tragedy. Titanic's sinking is one of the greatest mysteries of all time that is still being revealed. Explore the wreckage of Titanic, read conspiracy theories about her demise and relive some of the classic books and films made about the most famous ship of all time.
History and facts about R.M.S. Titanic
On April 15, 1912 the worlds largest and most luxurious ocean liner 'The unsinkable' Titanic struck an iceberg. Taking with it over 1500 souls to the icy depths of the Atlantic ocean. The legend, stories and facts of the Titanic have captivated generations for over a century...
Titanic: Educational Resources
Ultimate Titanic is specifically designed for teachers and students. Watch hours of footage from survivors, documentaries and animations explaining the entire Titanic story in detail. Examine hundreds of authentic photographs and documents to uncover facts and myths of the tragedy surrounding Titanic. Teachers will find fresh resources, learning links, and lesson plans in our education section.


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On This Page
Public Health Statement for 1,1-Dichloroethene
May 1994
This Public Health Statement is the summary chapter from the Toxicological Profile for 1,1-Dichloroethene. It is one in a series of Public Health Statements about hazardous substances and their health effects. A shorter version, the ToxFAQs™, is also available. This information is important because this substance may harm you. The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits and habits, and whether other chemicals are present. For more information, call the ATSDR Information Center at 1-888-422-8737.
This Statement was prepared to give you information about 1,1-dichloroethene and to emphasize the human health effects that may result from exposure to it. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified 1,350 hazardous waste sites as the most serious in the nation. These sites comprise the "National Priorities List" (NPL): Those sites which are targeted for long-term federal cleanup activities. 1,1-Dichloroethene has been found in at least 492 of the sites on the NPL. However, the number of NPL sites evaluated for 1,1-dichloroethene is not known. As EPA evaluates more sites, the number of sites at which 1,1-dichloroethene is found may increase. This information is important because exposure to 1,1-dichloroethene may cause harmful health effects and because these sites are potential or actual sources of human exposure to 1,1-dichloroethene.
When a substance is released from a large area, such as an industrial plant, or from a container, such as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment. This release does not always lead to exposure. You can be exposed to a substance only when you come in contact with it. You may be exposed by breathing, eating, or drinking substances containing the substance or by skin contact with it.
If you are exposed to a substance such as 1,1-dichloroethene, many factors will determine whether harmful health effects will occur and what the type and severity of those health effects will be. These factors include the dose (how much), the duration (how long), the route or pathway by which you are exposed (breathing, eating, drinking, or skin contact), the other chemicals to which you are exposed, and your individual characteristics such as age, gender, nutritional status, family traits, life-style, and state of health.
1.1 What is 1,1-dichoroethene?
1,1-Dichloroethene, also known as vinylidene chloride, is a chemical used to make certain plastics (such as packaging materials, flexible films like SARAN wrap) and flame-retardant coatings for fiber and carpet backing. It is a colorless liquid that evaporates quickly at room temperature. It has a mild sweet smell and burns quickly.
1,1-Dichloroethene is a man-made chemical and is not found naturally in the environment. Although 1,1-dichloroethene is manufactured in large quantities, most of it is used to make other substances or products such as polyvinylidene chloride
1.2 What happens to 1,1-dichoroethene when it enters the environment?
1,1-Dichloroethene can enter the environment when it is released to the air during its production or released to surface water or soil as a result of waste disposal. Most 1,1-dichloroethene evaporates quickly and mainly enters the environment through the air, although some enters into rivers or lakes. 1,1-Dichloroethene can enter soil, water, and air in large amounts during an accidental spill. 1,1-Dichloroethene can also enter the environment as a breakdown product of other chemicals in the environment.
1,1-Dichloroethene behaves differently in air, water, and soil. 1,1-Dichloroethene evaporates to the air very quickly from soil and water. In the air, 1,1-dichloroethene is broken down by reactive compounds formed by sunlight. 1,1-Dichloroethene remains in the air for about 4 days.
From water, 1,1-dichloroethene evaporates into the air; it breaks down very slowly in water. We do not know exactly how long 1,1-dichloroethene stays in water. It is not readily transferred to fish or birds, and only very small amounts enter the food chain.
In soil, 1,1-dichloroethene either evaporates to the air or percolates down through soil with rainwater and enters underground water. Small living organisms in soil and groundwater may transform it into other less harmful substances, although this happens slowly.
1.3 How might I be exposed to 1,1-dichoroethene?
You may be exposed to 1,1-dichloroethene by breathing it when it is in the air or eating food or water that contains it. You may also be exposed to 1,1-dichloroethene if it touches your skin. 1,1-Dichloroethene is found at very low levels in indoor and outdoor air (estimated as less than 1 part per trillion parts of air [ppt]). Therefore, the potential for exposure in the environment is extremely low. The amounts are somewhat higher near some factories that make or use 1,1-dichloroethene (those that make food-packaging films, adhesives, flame-retardant coatings for fiber and carpet backing, piping, and coating for steel pipes), hazardous waste sites, and areas near accidental spills. The exact amount of 1,1-dichloroethene in the air near these factories is not known. In air around waste sites where it has been identified, the amount of 1,1-dichloroethene ranges from 0.39 to 97 parts 1,1-dichloroethene per billion parts of air (ppb, 1 ppb is 1,000 times more than 1 ppt). The levels of 1,1-dichloroethene in air around waste sites are usually much lower than those that have caused health effects in animals. We estimate that 1,1-dichloroethene contaminates the air around 97 chemical factories in the United States. Factories that make 1,1-dichloroethene are mainly located in Texas and Louisiana. Measured air levels inside manufacturing plants range from less than 5 to 1,900 parts 1,1-dichloroethene per million parts of air (ppm, 1 ppm is 1,000 times more than 1 ppb).
A small percentage (3%) of the drinking water sources in the United States contain low amounts of 1,1-dichloroethene (0.2-0.5 ppb with an estimated average of 0.3 ppb). The amounts are very low compared with levels that are expected to affect human health. The concentration of 1,1-dichloroethene in groundwater samples from hazardous waste sites ranged from 0.001 to 0.09 ppm.
Since 1,1-dichloroethene is used to make some consumer products, exposure might occur while these products are made or used. For example, the estimated average amount of 1,1-dichloroethene in plastic food-packaging films ranged from <0.02 to 1.26 ppm. The measured average amount in food wrapped in these films was less than 0.01 ppm. Not every tested food sample contained 1,1-dichloroethene, so these numbers only reflect the levels found in food samples tested that did contain 1,1-dichloroethene. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the use of plastic packaging films. The FDA has determined that the films can contain no more than 10 ppm 1,1-dichloroethene and that the low levels of 1,1-dichloroethene found in food wrapped in these films present no health risk to the consumer. Besides environmental exposures, occupational exposure can occur for workers who are involved in the manufacture and use of 1,1-dichloroethene. These workers include primarily carpenters, warehouse workers, and machine operators.
1.4 How can 1,1-dichoroethene enter and leave my body?
1,1-Dichloroethene can easily enter the body through the lungs as an air pollutant or through the stomach and intestines if you eat or drink contaminated food or water. Based on the physical and chemical properties of 1,1-dichloroethene, we think that 1,1-dichloroethene can also enter the body through the human skin. Harmful effects have occurred in animals after 1,1-dichloroethene was applied to their skin.
Animal studies indicate that following exposure, 1,1-dichloroethene partly leaves the body through the lungs. The remaining 1,1-dichloroethene breaks down into other substances that leave the body in the urine within 1-2 days. Some of the breakdown products of 1,1-dichloroethene such as dithioglycolic acid, are more harmful than 1,1-dichloroethene. The way 1,1-dichloroethene and its breakdown products leave the body depends on the amount of 1,1-dichloroethene that enters the body. Low or moderate levels breathed in (25-200 ppm) or taken by mouth (up to 50 milligrams per kilogram of body weight) leave the body mainly as breakdown products in the urine. As the amount of 1,1-dichloroethene that enters the body increases, more and more 1,1-dichloroethene leaves the body in the exhaled breath. Whether 1,1-dichloroethene is inhaled or taken by mouth it leaves the body in about the same way. 1,1-Dichloroethene is not stored very much in the body when low-to-moderate amounts enter the body.
1.5 How can 1,1-dichoroethene affect my health?
How a chemical affects your health depends on how much you are exposed to and for how long. As the level and length of your exposure increase, the effects are likely to become more severe. Information on the health effects in humans after breathing 1,1-dichloroethene is insufficient. People who breathed high amounts of 1,1-dichloroethene in a closed space lost their breath and fainted. Some people who breathed 1,1-dichloroethene at work for several years had abnormal liver function. However, exposure to other chemicals may have also contributed to this effect. Available information indicates that prolonged inhalation of 1,1-dichloroethene can induce adverse neurological effects and is possibly associated with liver and kidney damage in humans. Studies in animals indicate that 1,1-dichloroethene can affect the normal functions of the liver, kidneys, and lungs. However, the amount of 1,1-dichloroethene in the air to which the animals were exposed was much higher than the amounts in the air that the general public usually breathes. Some animals that breathed large amounts of 1,1-dichloroethene died within a few days. The liver and kidneys of animals were affected after breathing air that contained 1,1-dichloroethene for days, months, or years. After pregnant rats breathed 1,1-dichloroethene in air, some of the newborn rats had birth defects.
We have no information on health effects in humans who ate food or drank water that contained 1,1-dichloroethene. Animals fed food that contained 1,1-dichloroethene or that had 1,1-dichloroethene placed experimentally in their stomachs developed liver and kidney disease, and some even died. These amounts, however, were very much higher than those which occur in drinking water supplies. Birth defects did not occur in the newborn of female rats that drank 1,1-dichloroethene.
Spilling 1,1-dichloroethene on your skin or in your eyes can cause irritation. We do not know what other health effects might occur if 1,1-dichloroethene comes into contact with your skin for long periods. However, no serious effects or deaths occurred in mice after small amounts of 1,1-dichloroethene were put on their skin over a period of months. We do not know whether spilling 1,1-dichloroethene on your skin can cause birth defects or affect fertility.
We do not know whether coming into contact with 1,1-dichloroethene increases the risk of cancer in humans. Evidence from epidemiology studies of workers exposed to 1,1-dichloroethene is inconclusive. Several studies examined the possibility that 1,1-dichloroethene may increase the risk of cancer in animals. Only one of these studies indicated that mice breathing 1,1-dichloroethene for 1 year developed kidney cancer, but the particular type of mouse used may be especially sensitive to 1,1-dichloroethene.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has not classified 1,1-dichloroethene with respect to carcinogenicity. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that 1,1-dichloroethene is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans. The EPA has determined that 1,1-dichloroethene is a possible human carcinogen. NTP does not include it in its list of substances expected to be human carcinogens.
1.6 Is there a medical test to determine whether I have been exposed to 1,1-dichoroethene?
1,1-Dichloroethene can be measured in the breath, blood, urine, and body tissues of individuals who come in contact with the chemical. However, only relatively high levels of 1,1-dichloroethene in body tissues and fluids can be measured. Because breath samples are easily collected, tests of exhaled air are now the most common way to tell whether a person has been exposed to high levels of 1,1-dichloroethene. One of the breakdown products of 1,1-dichloroethene, dithioglycolic acid, can also be measured in urine. None of these tests are regularly available at a doctor's office because they require special equipment, but your doctor can tell you where you can get the tests done. Although these tests can prove that a person has been exposed to 1,1-dichloroethene, they cannot tell if any health effects will occur. Since most of the 1,1-dichloroethene leaves the body within a few days, these methods are best for determining whether exposures have occurred within the last several days. Detection of 1,1-dichloroethene or its breakdown products in the body may not necessarily mean that exposure to 1,1-dichloroethene alone has occurred. People exposed to 1,1-dichloroethene at hazardous waste sites were probably also exposed to other organic compounds, that produce breakdown products similar to those of 1,1-dichloroethene. Other methods for measuring the effects associated with exposure to 1,1-dichloroethene (such as reduced enzyme levels) are not specific enough to detect effects caused by exposure to 1,1-dichloroethene alone.
1.7 What recommendations has the federal government made to protect human health?
The federal government has developed regulatory guidelines and standards to protect people from the possible health effects of 1,1-dichloroethene. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires workplace exposure limits of 1 ppm or less for an 8-hour workday to protect workers from noncancer harmful health effects. To guarantee the maximum protection for human health from the possible cancer effects of drinking water or eating seafood (fish or shellfish) that contain 1,1-dichloroethene over a lifetime, the EPA recommends that the level of 1,1-dichloroethene in lakes and streams should not exceed 0.003 ppm. EPA has determined that drinking water containing 3.5 ppm of 1,1-dichloroethene for adults and 1 ppm for children is not expected to cause noncancerous harmful health effects. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has recommended that 1,1-dichloroethene is a potential occupational cancer causing chemical.
The EPA limits the amount of 1,1-dichloroethene permitted in publicly owned waste water treatment plants. To minimize human exposure to 1,1-dichloroethene, EPA requires that industry tell the National Response Center when 100 pounds or more of 1,1-dichloroethene have been released in the environment.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 1994. Toxicological profile for 1,1-Dichoroethene. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service.
Where can I get more information?
If you have questions or concerns, please contact your community or state health or environmental quality department or:
For more information, contact:
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Division of Toxicology and Human Health Sciences
1600 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop S102-1
Atlanta, GA 30333
Phone: 1-800-CDC-INFO · 888-232-6348 (TTY)
Email: Contact CDC-INFO
ATSDR can also tell you the location of occupational and environmental health clinics. These clinics specialize in recognizing, evaluating, and treating illnesses resulting from exposure to hazardous substances.
- Page last reviewed: January 21, 2015
- Page last updated: January 21, 2015
- Content source: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry


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Lawsuit targeting RockYou data breach gets green light
Personally identifiable info has inherent value
A federal judge has declined to dismiss a lawsuit filed against social-media application developer RockYou for exposing the personally identifiable information of 32 million of its users, which the site stored unencrypted when it suffered a major security breach 16 months ago.
Judge Phyllis Hamilton of the US District Court in the Northern District of California dismissed five causes of action brought by user Alan Claridge, but allowed four others to survive. RockYou argued that the suit should be thrown out in its entirety because Claridge didn't suffer any injuries as a result of the data loss, which exposed the email address and password he supplied when establishing an account with the apps maker.
"The court concludes that at the present pleading state, plaintiff has sufficiently alleged a general basis for harm by alleging that the breach of his [personally Identifiable Information] has caused him to lose some ascertainable but unidentified 'value' and/or property right inherent in the PII," Hamilton wrote. "As such, the court declines to dismiss plaintiff's breach claims on grounds that plaintiff has failed to allege damages harm as a matter of law."
The case was filed after hackers mounted SQL injection attacks in December 2009 that exploited a gaping hole in RockYou's website. The breach exposed passwords and email addresses, which RockYou stored in plaintext, for more than 32 million users. Claridge sued RockYou asserting a variety of claims, including negligence, breach of contract, and violations of the federal Stored Communications Act and California's Unfair Competition Law.
The finding that the loss of PII is sufficient grounds for a lawsuit is in stark contrast to rulings in other cases that have held that the exposure of social security numbers and other sensitive data gives rise to valid legal claims only when it results in actual damage to its owner, such as identity theft.
The 16-page ruling is available here. ®
Sponsored: Your Guide to Becoming Truly Data-Driven with Unrivalled Data Analytics Performance


text: Interesting juxtaposition between the Romulan and the Federation leaderships. They're perhaps not quite as different to each other after all. And good Lord, Santiago has really taken the Federation down a dark path. I knew that Section 31 had their fingers all over this but the Commander-in-Chief himself? Good thing there's an election coming. Not sure if Satie would play this any better though.


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|image credit
During deliberations Committee members praised Engstrom's deep look at the strategies employed by various civil rights groups to craft fair employment law, along with his intensive archival work across a wide range of sources, to tell a new story about how civil rights emerged not just from statutes and from judicial interpretation, but from the administrative state as well. Recent monographs have begun to open up the story of civil rights in the post-War period by showing that civil rights action activism emerged in many places, not just on southern streets in the wake of Brown v. Board of Education, and not just in education and in public accommodations. Engstrom, an assistant professor at Stanford Law School, extends that analysis to the employment setting. In telling this new story, he extensively mined the federal archives. This is an important and neglected story that stretches across decades as our nation moved from the Second World War through the Civil Rights movement and then its ending. It is also an extraordinary work of research, which invites us to see how administrative law functions and is central to our legal history.Hat tip: H-Law


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Other available options
Simple, delicate and on-trend, this timeless pair of earrings and necklace from Swarovksi's Angelic collection are ideal for everyday wear
Exquisite crystal jewellery from luxury brand Swarovski.
- Brand
- Swarovski
- Material
- Rhodium plated
- Model number
- 5356951
- Stone type
- Swarovski crystal
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By default idea net setter is locked with Idea network ,so unlocking idea netsetter ,it is possible to use any sim card (docomo,airtel,aircel) to connect internet .
Unlock idea netsetter Huawei EG162G Usb modem
Best way to Compress Photos without Losing Quality
Image compression is not a tough task, when you transfer photos from digital camera to your computer, all the images will be of large size as because the pixels are huge, so obviously the image file size will also be big, but when you're planning to send in email or share it with someone, you may find it difficult because the digital image size will be large, reducing the image file size sometimes cause quality loss in the image. With the latest technology and software tools, one can compress the digital pictures without losing the quality.
Get Free SMS Alerts for New emails on Gmail,Hotmail,Yahoo etc..
There has not been a direct service from any of the popular email services for getting a SMS alert for receiving a new email in your inbox. Well here is a trick to do just that !!.The trick allows you to get free SMS alerts for any mobile network in india , as soon as you receive a new email in your email inbox and for free.
20 beautiful themes for Windows XP
The following is a list of some of the choicest visual styles that can give Windows XP a total makeover. Pick any!
How to back up and restore firefox passwords and data ?
Having a backup of your files is very important as you never know you files can get corrupted or lost due to hard disk failure. Firefox Backup Tool is one such backup tool which allows you to take a backup of all the Firefox configurations and settings. It can help you to backup profiles, bookmarks, passwords, add-ons installed, history, saved sessions and other relevant data. You can also restore any backup to Firefox in case you want to install Firefox again.
How to convert an Image file to word document ?
Do you need certain information in the form of text from scanned copies of documents or jpg files.Either you can write the whole text by typing or you can use an OCR software.OCR (optical Character recognition) is method to extract text from images.It can recognise handwritten,printed or typewritten text and can reproduce them into editable word or txt format.
How to back up drivers ?
Drivers are the most important part all operating systems,but sometimes you mess up the drivers and it results in issues with Windows. Semper Driver Backup is a nice freeware software for Windows which allows you to take a backup of all your drivers in Windows and in case of any issues you can easily restore it back using the backup. This software lists all the installed drivers under Windows.
How to find the fastest DNS Server for Your Computer
Thomas Stromberg, a Google engineer based in Belgium, created Namebench, a piece of software to find the fastest DNS server available for you to use. The program is available for OS X, Windows, and Linux, and the entire thing has been open sourced by Stromberg.
How to make portable softwares ?
A portable app is a single .EXE file that holds an entire application, including files, DLLs and registry. Virtual apps can be copied & moved around like regular files and launched from anywhere without installation: home, office, Dropbox, USB disk-on-key, laptop, network shares. With Cameyo's app virtualization, you can take your apps and data with you, anywhere
How to Disable USB port on Windows Xp
USB keys are now a days not just a popular way to sneak data out from companies, unhappy employees may use USB ports for delivering trojans or spyware into the company networks.
Now some smart admins disable usb drive by changing the BIOS settings and then lock the BIOS using passwords. Some not so-smart admins fix tapes over the USB ports to prevent employees from inserting any USB device into their computer.
Now some smart admins disable usb drive by changing the BIOS settings and then lock the BIOS using passwords. Some not so-smart admins fix tapes over the USB ports to prevent employees from inserting any USB device into their computer.