text:
"Black Monday" created head-coaching vacancies on seven NFL teams: the Buffalo Bills, Chicago Bears, Cleveland Browns, Kansas City Chiefs, Philadelphia Eagles, San Diego Chargers and Arizona Cardinals. As teams turn the page, attention quickly shifts to who they will bring in for interviews. NFL.com analyst Daniel Jeremiah and NFL Network reporter Albert Breer compiled the following list of coaches who will get looks in the coming weeks.
Andy ReidAge: 54
Current job: Unemployed
Fired by the Philadelphia Eagles on Monday, Reid probably won't be unemployed for long. He took the Eagles to the playoffs nine times in 14 seasons on the job, including a string of four straight NFC title game appearances from 2001 to 2004.
Lovie SmithAge: 54
Current job: Unemployed
The Chicago Bears fired Smith on Monday after the team missed the playoffs for the fifth time in the past six seasons. Smith did take the Bears to Super Bowl XLI following the 2006 season and made it back to the NFC title game in 2010.
Jon GrudenAge: 49
Current job: ESPN broadcaster
Gruden's name has popped up in connection with just about every head-coach opening in the NFL and college football since he was fired by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers following the 2008 season. Gruden won at both of his head-coaching stops: first in Oakland, where he took the Raiders to the AFC title game in 2000; and again in Tampa Bay, where he led the Bucs to victory in Super Bowl XXXVII following the 2002 season.
Norv TurnerAge: 60
Current job: Unemployed
The Chargers finally terminated Turner on Monday after missing the playoffs for the third straight season. Turner is highly regarded as an offensive mind and likely will have multiple opportunities to become a coordinator. He's had three stints as head coach -- an unremarkable seven-season run with the Washington Redskins (1994-2000), a two-year stint with the Oakland Raiders (2004-05) and the six-season campaign in San Diego (2007-12). He reached the postseason in just four of those 15 years and never reached the Super Bowl.
Romeo CrennelAge: 65
Current job: Unemployed
Fired by the Kansas City Chiefs on Monday, Crennel might have a hard time getting another shot as a head coach. In two opportunities, first with the Cleveland Browns (2005-08) and then in Kansas City (2012), Crennel has never led a team to the postseason. Crennel did have success as a defensive coordinator with the New England Patriots in the early 2000s, helping the Pats to three Super Bowl wins in four seasons.
Josh McDanielsAge: 36
Current job: Offensive coordinator, New England Patriots
He was hired by the Broncos at 32, and that didn't end well, but McDaniels is still regarded as bright offensive mind with a fantastic future. What he'll have to prove is that his people and management skills have improved, as he was not a popular figure in Denver upon his departure. He's smart enough to adjust, though his move might not come for a bit. He went back to New England to provide stability for his young family, and word is he will be very careful about his next move. Also, he doesn't seem to see going home to Northeast Ohio as the dream scenario that some think it is for him.
Kyle Shanahan
Age: 33
Current job: Offensive coordinator, Washington Redskins
The Redskins' offense has been the talk of the 2012 NFL season. Robert Griffin III has been outstanding, but the design of the Redskins' scheme has been terrific, as well. Kyle Shanahan is getting a lot of praise around the NFL for quickly developing RG3 and designing a creative offense to fit his skills. Shanahan also was very successful during his two-year stint as the Houston Texans' offensive coordinator. In 2009, the Texans finished with the NFL's fourth-ranked offense under his leadership. Despite being just 33 years old, the son of Mike Shanahan already has coached in the NFL for nine seasons.
|(Paul Spinelli/Associated Press)
Mike McCoy
Age: 40
Current job: Offensive coordinator, Denver Broncos
McCoy has 13 years of NFL coaching experience, including the past four as the Broncos' offensive coordinator. Last season, his reputation around the NFL soared, thanks to how he handled the transition from Kyle Orton to Tim Tebow. He completely overhauled his scheme in the middle of the season to accommodate Tebow's specific skill set, and the Broncos finished the season with the NFL's No. 1 rushing attack. This season, he has smoothly transitioned his offense to suit Peyton Manning, and the Broncos are currently ranked fifth in passing. Those rankings highlight McCoy's flexibility and willingness to adapt his scheme to his personnel.
Perry FewellAge: 50
Current job: Defensive coordinator, New York Giants
Fewell has done a good job with the Giants. Their run to the Super Bowl last season was largely the result of his punishing defensive unit. He has overcome several injuries to key personnel and he's generally well thought of around the league. He has interviewed for head-coaching jobs in the past, but those teams chose to go in a different direction. Many around the NFL believe Fewell will not be passed over again.
Brad Seely
Age: 56
Current job: Special teams coordinator, San Francisco 49ers
Seely has an excellent résumé and should garner consideration for any head-coaching vacancies. He has coached in the NFL for 22 seasons, 10 of which were spent as the special teams coach under Bill Belichick for the New England Patriots. He has transformed the 49ers' special teams unit into the NFL's very best. The fact that the Baltimore Ravens' John Harbaugh has successfully made the transition from special teams coach to head coach should help boost Seely's candidacy.
|(Ross D. Franklin/Associated Press)
Ray HortonAge: 52
Current job: Defensive coordinator, Arizona Cardinals
Horton has quickly established a strong reputation as one of the NFL's top defensive minds. Following a 10-year playing career, he's been a successful assistant coach for 18 years. He served as the secondary coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers prior to joining the Cardinals' staff as defensive coordinator. The Cardinals' fast start to the season was powered by their strong defensive unit. Horton's scheme has drawn praise around the league.
Darrell BevellAge: 42
Current job: Offensive coordinator, Seattle Seahawks
Bevell, you might remember, cultivated a close relationship as an assistant with Brett Favre in Green Bay, and was a major factor in Favre's desire to orchestrate a move to Minnesota in 2009. That reunion led to an on-field rebirth for Favre and a trip to the NFC title game for the Vikings. Bevell left to join Pete Carroll's staff last year, and has overseen the development of rookie dynamo Russell Wilson, adapting his scheme to fit a shorter, quicker athlete at quarterback. He now has seven seasons of coordinator experience.
Mike ZimmerAge: 56
Current job: Defensive coordinator, Cincinnati Bengals
It's hard to believe he's on this list, because most folks around the league think his shot should've come by now. Some word has filtered out that he can be very direct -- maybe overly so -- in interviews, but his résumé is impossible to ignore. In his five years, the previously leaky Bengals have ranked in the top 10 in total defense three times, and they've never ranked lower than 15th. On top of that, Zimmer can, like Chuck Pagano, get his players to run through a wall for him. Zimmer has 13 years of NFL coordinator experience at three different addresses, and his time has come.
Jay GrudenAge: 45
Current job: Offensive coordinator, Cincinnati Bengals
The Jaguars were expected to make a serious run at him last year, but Gruden chose to stay in Cincinnati, both out of loyalty to Marvin Lewis, who gave him a shot as an offensive coordinator in his first NFL foray, and because he felt that a little more experience would be good. There's no question Gruden worked wonders in getting the young Bengals offense, headed by Andy Dalton and A.J. Green, off the ground after an overhaul in 2011. And executives across the league also like that he has experience building an organization, something he did while leading Orlando's Arena Football League team for nine seasons.
Dirk KoetterAge: 53
Current job: Offensive coordinator, Atlanta Falcons
At one point, while he was serving as the Jaguars' offensive coordinator, it was widely speculated that Koetter was being groomed to take over for Jack Del Rio in Jacksonville. When things went south there and the team was sold, Koetter went down with the ship, then resurfaced this year in Atlanta, where he helped lead Matt Ryan to the best season of his young career. That he's innovative offensively and has worked intimately with quarterbacks will help his stock, as will the fact that he's been a head coach at Boise State and Arizona State.
Gus BradleyAge: 46
Current job: Defensive coordinator, Seattle Seahawks
The energetic, positive assistant has seven years of experience as an NFL coach under Pete Carroll and Jon Gruden, and has been a force at the head of the room for one of the league's best defenses this year. Bradley's a grinder who was plucked from his alma mater, North Dakota State, by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2005, and can get players behind him.
Bruce AriansAge: 60
Current job: Offensive coordinator, Indianapolis Colts
Until this year, Arians was seen as a career assistant. Under the most difficult conditions, he proved he was more, leading the Colts from 1-2 to 10-5 as the interim coach for Chuck Pagano, who was being treated for leukemia. Aside from the incredibly inspiring parts of the story, Arians again showed his offensive prowess by molding a group with eight new starters into a top-10 unit. Arians has quite a touch with young quarterbacks, as evidenced by his grooming of Peyton Manning and Ben Roethlisberger in the past, as well as Andrew Luck in 2012.
|(Scott Olmos/US Presswire)
Chip KellyAge: 49
Current job: Head coach, University of Oregon
Kelly has been a head coach for just four seasons at the collegiate level, but he has already established a sterling résumé. He has captured three Pac-10/Pac-12 titles, and his current 11-1 team is ranked No. 5 in the nation. He turned down a job with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers last offseason, but will likely have another NFL opportunity in 2013. His up-tempo offense would have to be altered to work at the NFL level, but his organizational skills and creativity will be very attractive to NFL owners.
|(Andrew Weber/US Presswire)
Bill O'BrienAge: 43
Current job: Head coach, Penn State
It is highly unlikely that O'Brien would depart Penn State after just one season on the job. He has an incredibly expensive buy-out clause in his contract, and that would be a major deterrent to potential NFL suitors. That being said, his is a very hot name around NFL circles. He was a successful assistant under Bill Belichick and he has shown incredible leadership in guiding the Penn State program through an extraordinarily difficult situation.
Steve SarkisianAge: 38
Current job: Head coach, University of Washington
Sarkisian spent a year as the Oakland Raiders' quarterbacks coach and was actually their first target when they wound up hiring Lane Kiffin. Sarkisian also drew interest from the St. Louis Rams last year. One reason he didn't kick the tires further on any pro jobs was because he'd just hired a new defensive coordinator, but he's talked openly about having NFL aspirations. A former quarterback himself, Sarkisian's calling card has been his work with players at that position at both USC and Washington, which makes him even more attractive. He has relationships in Philadelphia, so the Eagles could take a look at him.
Doug MarroneAge: 48
Current job: Head coach, Syracuse University
|Take a look at the coaches and GMs who have been relieved of their duties following the 2012 regular season.
Marrone was the New Orleans Saints' offensive coordinator during Sean Payton's first three years with the team. He helped break Drew Brees into the system there, and has seven seasons of NFL experience. Since, he's turned a moribund Syracuse program into a consistent contender in the Big East, despite upstate New York being an exceedingly difficult place to recruit to. Having developed a well-regarded draft prospect at quarterback in Ryan Nassib over the past four years should only help his cause.
Pat FitzgeraldAge: 38
Current job: Head coach, Northwestern University
Last November, one AFC personnel exec said Fitzgerald "will never leave (Northwestern), but I'd hire him in a second." Sure enough, two months later, the St. Louis Rams tried to get him in for an interview -- and he declined. Fitzgerald played briefly in the NFL, then went into his current line of work and, under the adverse circumstance of having his predecessor pass away, became head coach in Evanston at age 31. Considered a smart, dynamic leader, Fitzgerald has won despite Northwestern's limitations, and he figures to continue drawing NFL interest.
» Chan Gailey, unemployed, former head coach of Buffalo Bills
» Ken Whisenhunt, unemployed, former head coach of Arizona Cardinals
» Kirk Ferentz, head coach, University of Iowa
» Wade Phillips, defensive coordinator, Houston Texans
» Greg Roman, offensive coordinator, San Francisco 49ers
» Bill Cowher, CBS analyst, former head coach of Pittsburgh Steelers
» Jack Del Rio, defensive coordinator, Denver Broncos
Follow Albert Breer on Twitter @AlbertBreer.
Follow Daniel Jeremiah on Twitter @MoveTheSticks.


text:
Date: Wednesday, October 16, 2019 • 10:00AM - 11:30AM
Location: Hilton Head island
Address: Meets at Port Royal Golf ClubhousePt. Royal Plantation, Hilton Head island, SC 29928Visit Website
See the sites where it all happened, from early explorers, through the Civil War and beyond, explore Mitchelville, Fort Walker, and the Steam Cannon with a docent from the Coastal Discovery Museum. Please, no children under 7 years of age. Wednesdays at 10 am.
Cost is $12 adult, $7 child (ages 7-12) and reservations are required by calling 843-689-6767 ext. 223 or online at www.coastaldiscovery.org

subset: commoncrawl


text:
JTHTL necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 96 diseños de 27 diseñadores freelance.
JTHTL - Journal on Telecommunications and High Technology Law
In 2001, a group of University of Colorado law students founded the Journal on Telecommunications & High Technology Law (JTHTL). The Berkeley Electronic Press now ranks the JTHTL fifth among journals publishing articles on intellectual property. In 2005, the JTHTL also ranked sixth amongst communications law journals and 17th among all technology law journals. In other words, despite its youth, the JTHTL occupies a solid position among elite niche legal journals.
Telecommunications law includes law and policy pertaining to networks (cellular telephones, the internet, cable). We also cover many different topics in intellectual property and high technology law and policy.
Law professors, students, librarians, and other legal practitioners read the journal. Additionally, the journal is read by a number of policymakers in the field of telecommunications. We would like to appeal to our readers' sense of innovation and professionalism.
We're a law journal, but cover technology law. That means that we need something timeless, classic, and traditional, but with a tech/modern edge. Beyond that, it's up to you. Original designs only! You are designing for an intellectual property journal; please keep copyright and trademark infringement concerns in mind.
We want a new logo that we can use for print (on marketing materials and the cover of our issues) and for our website. We'd like to see several configurations incorporating a new graphical mark, "JTHTL", "Journal on Telecommunications and High Technology Law," and combinations thereof. We'd also like to see variations in single and multiple colors for the various uses.
We'll need vector and raster formats in CMYK and RGB color schemes (Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop Documents will do).
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


text:
We are still seeing bell peppers in the markets, though the season is almost done. When they are young, bell peppers are green. Red bells are vine-ripened and, as a result, are particularly sweet.
I usually blister red peppers, peel them and put them up in a marinade (which can be water bath canned—the recipe is in Well-Preserved, but there is also a recipe available on the data base, Preserving Food Safely, which uses only USDA approved recipes). But recently I was shopping on Arthur Avenue in the Bronx and saw that Teitel Brothers at 2372 Arthur Avenue (http://www.teitelbros.com/) was selling sun-dried red peppers—right next to the bins of sun-dried tomatoes.
This is an incredible product: When you add the peppers to soups, stews and sauces they lend a lovely sweetness. They also make a fabulous pesto, which I've used on bruschetta, tossed with spaghetti and seared scallops, and served with grilled steak. You can also use these peppers in a Romesco sauce (but you'll want to add some heat). See my post from April 2010 for a Romesco sauce recipe.


text:
Freshman McLean nets overtime winner as Newtown captures first state hockey title
NEW HAVEN -- Destiny, in the form of a wide-open net, was staring Newtown High freshman hockey player Scott McLean right in the face, and with the fate of an entire season suddenly resting squarely on his shoulders, he did not miss.
McLean scored the winning goal 11:27 into overtime as the Nighthawks captured their first state title with a 2-1 triumph over Smith/Tolland in the Division III championship game at Yale's Ingalls Rink Saturday morning. Jonathan Lovorn and Brian Gregory assisted on the history-making goal, which set off a celebration that has been steadily building since the first Newtown team took the ice 13 seasons ago.
"Going out this way, senior year, with all my friends that I grew up playing with, it's truly an honor," said Newtown captain Matt Sabia, one of 10 seniors in the Newtown lineup. "It's an amazing feeling. All the former Nighthawks before us really put in their time and they taught us younger guys well. I'm glad we could win this one for them, and the town, too."
The championship was especially sweet for those who can remember the program's humble beginnings.
"It's very surreal," said Newtown coach Paul Esposito, who has been at the helm since Day 1. "A lot of blood, sweat and tears went into the program. For the players, the alumni, the parents, the support group in the school, this is years of hard work and it finally paid off.
"We took a lot of lumps along the way and lost a lot of close games," Esposito continued. "You look back on all those things and you think, those were stepping stones that helped us get to where we are today."
The Nighthawks have been steadily emerging as a contender for the last few seasons. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Division II tournament last year.
"It's a great day for Newtown," said Lovorn, who moved to town from Chicago two years ago and played travel hockey before joining the Nighthawks for this his senior year -- and what a year it has been.
"It's a great first year," Lovorn said. "These are the kids you want on your hockey team. They battle day in and day out, whether it's practice or school or anything, these guys are giving 110 percent. That's what you need from your fellow brothers on your team, and that's what I got this year."
The winning goal may not necessarily have been highlight-reel material, but it didn't have to be. It just had to go in.
And it did.
Lovorn skated with the puck behind the Smith/Tolland net and, as he was being checked violently into the boards, still managed to play the puck to Gregory, who smartly put the puck on goal. Bucks goalie Matt Schoen stopped the initial shot, but the rebound caromed to McLean, who fired it home.
"I saw the defenseman go to the left side and I was trying to cross to the right post for the rebound," McLean said. "It popped out, the goalie was out of his net, and I just buried it."
McLean, who began seeing more ice time after Dan Harrison went down with an injury in the opening minutes of the game, was in the right place at the right time. Good things happen when you go to the net.
"Scott stepped into the role today as the second-line center," Esposito said. "Dan Harrison went out with a broken wrist right after the first shift, so that kind of threw a wrench into our system. But Scott, as a freshman, stepped in and played the role. He's got a terrific wrist shot."
The goal capped more than 45 minutes of back-and-forth, end-to-end hockey. The atmosphere was electrified by the several thousand raucous fans who packed the arena. And on the grandest of stages, the two goalies -- Schoen for fourth-seeded Smith/Tolland and Patrick McLoughlin of second-seeded Newtown -- stole the show. Each goalie made 29 saves, and both came up big again and again, especially in the scoreless second and third periods with the pressure continuing to build.
The two teams played to a 1-1 tie during the regular season, so Saturday's evenly played game was to be expected.
"We played seven periods and the final score was 3-2," Smith/Tolland coach John Hodgson said of his team's two games against Newtown this season. "The nice thing, as I told our guys, is that they came down here and gave it everything they had and turned it into a game of bounces. So did Newtown. They got the last bounce. They got a rebound, and a freshman put it in."
The Bucks got on the board first just 5:15 in when Peter Mayer scored off an assist from Austin Hill. Mayer stole the puck at center ice, came barreling down the left-wing boards and deposited a quick shot.
The Bucks' physical play came back to haunt them as a charging penalty to Sean Duhamel and a boarding call against Justin Gagnon gave Newtown a two-man advantage for 38 seconds. Connor Hanley cashed in on the opportunity, scoring on the power play off passes from Jonathan Lovorn and Cooper McLean at 9:07 of the first period to tie it.
McLoughlin was sharp from the outset. In the final minutes of the first period, he made a nice stick save on Gagnon's blast from the point through traffic with the Bucks on the power play.
The teams held each other scoreless in the second, although Smith/Tolland spent much of the early part of the period killing penalties. Newtown had another two-man advantage for 28 seconds, but couldn't capitalize.
Shoen made several big saves in the second period to keep the game tied. He made a quick glove save to deny Dominic Cartelli on a 2-on-1 break with 3:47 to go in the period. Moments later, Schoen stopped Hayden Savoia's shot -- which was nicely set up by Lovorn -- but the loose puck trickled along the goal line for several seconds before being alertly cleared by the Bucks defense.
The third period was scoreless as well, but chock full of scoring opportunities at both ends of the ice. McLoughlin and Schoen, however, both stood their ground.
"We had two really good chances in the final seconds of the third period, so as soon as we stepped into the locker room, I said `Skill doesn't matter here. It's about who wants it more,'" Sabia said.
About two minutes before Newtown scored the winner, the Bucks' Ross Brancati won an offensive-zone faceoff, setting up Gagnon for a blast from the blue line, which rang off the goal post.
"Matt was incredible, and so was McLoughlin," Hodgson added about the two goalies. "We knew that would be the case. It's the same way it was all season. It's just great to see kids lay it out like that."
Division III state final
First period: 1. S/T, Peter Mayer (Austin Hill) 5:15; 2. N, Connor Hanley (Jonathan Lovorn, Cooper McLean) ppg, 9:07.
Second period: None.
Third period: None.
Overtime: 3. N, Scott McLean (Brian Gregory, Lovorn) 11:27.
Goalies: S/T-Matt Schoen (29 saves); N-Patrick McLoughlin (29 saves).


text:
On this week's video excerpt from Slate's Hang Up and Listen podcast, Mike Pesca of NPR tells you everything you might want to know about WuShock, the wheaty Wichita State Shockers mascot. The real Shockers fell to VCU, 62-59, last night, but WuShock lives on with all of us.
You can listen to the full podcast here or subscribe on iTunes.
Video by Matt Toder.


text:
Ready, Set, Go Secure
Submitting Medical Claims Supporting Documentation or Remittance Advice Inquiries electronically is now available.
Skip to content Ontario.ca Français
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Long-Term Care
Ready, Set, Go Secure
Submitting Medical Claims Supporting Documentation or Remittance Advice Inquiries electronically is now available.
Emergency preparedness and disease outbreak information.
Resources for health care professionals
Programs and resources for health care professionals. Much of this information requires knowledgeable interpretation.
Announcements, background information and related resources to help you learn more about current health care topics.
As a health care provider, your role in knowing the risks factors and getting people on the right track before they get type 2 diabetes and supporting those who have either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, is crucial to the health of Ontarians.
Along with the help of the Diabetes Education Programs, your Regional Coordination Centre, the Centres for Complex Diabetes Care, and other service providers in the community, it's possible to win the fight against diabetes!
In this section, you will find information about the diabetes care reports, as well as various tools that you can use to counsel those people that may be at risk of developing diabetes or are living with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Ontarians are among the highest users of prescription drugs containing narcotics in the world. Between 1991 and 2009, the number of prescriptions in Ontario for oxycodone drugs rose by 900 per cent.
This has caused serious problems in this province. People are dying from the improper use of narcotic drugs and other controlled substances. They are being used for purposes other than intended medical purposes and are being trafficked on the street.
Ontario's Narcotics Strategy was developed to address these significant issues.
Expert Panel on Appropriate Utilization of Diagnostic and Imaging Studies


text:
Overview of Directories
This article originally appeared in "Directories" by Gordon L. Remington, FASG, FUGA in The Source: A Guidebook to American Genealogy
A directory is a book containing one or more alphabetical lists of the inhabitants of any locality, with their addresses and occupations; also a similar compilation dealing with the members of a particular profession, trade, or association, as a Clerical or Medical Directory, etc.<ref>The Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961), 393.</ref>
While a directory can often in itself be a source of interesting genealogical and biographical information, its chief value lies in its use as an aid to locating a person in place and time. One type of directory groups people by a common residence. A second groups them by a common association or attribute. In addition, many directories list organizations rather than individuals and are sometimes called registers, catalogs, annuals, yearbooks, or guides. Whatever its title, contents, or method, a directory always lists and locates members of a group. This chapter gives a history of directories, describes the limitations and resources of seven kinds of directories, and provides numerous examples of how to use them.
The Oxford English Dictionary cites J. Brown's The Directory or List of Principal Traders in London (1732) as the earliest use of the word directory as defined at the beginning of this chapter. Lists of inhabitants or associates are extant from at least two hundred years earlier. Dorothea N. Spear, in the introduction to her Bibliography of American Directories Through 1860, gives a concise account of the history of directories in the United States:
- Although as early as 1665 in New York a grouping of residents by streets was shown in the Records of the Dutch Magistrates, the first directory-type listing of the inhabitants of an American city of which we have knowledge is a Baltimore broadside. It is entitled The Following Lists of Families, And Other Persons Residing in the Town of Baltimore, Was Taken in the Year 1752, By a Lady of Respectability, and is believed to have been printed between 1830 and 1840 by Joseph Townsend (1756'1841) from the original manuscript in the Maryland Historical Society. Next came the two Charleston directory lists of 1782 and 1785 printed in the South Carolina and Georgia Almanack for those years, owned by the Charleston Library Society and reprinted in 1951. Philadelphia has the honor of having produced the first separately printed directories in this country, two rivals issued in 1785, the earlier being MacPherson's Directory for the City and Suburbs of Philadelphia, first issued on 16 November 1785, and the second, The Philadelphia Directory, by Francis White, first issued on 29 November 1785. The John MacPherson edition is to be found in the Philadelphia Free Library and in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, while the White volume is owned by the Philadelphia libraries and the American Antiquarian Society . . . . New York quickly followed Philadelphia with The New-York Directory of 1786, by David Franks, which was frequently reprinted in later years. The New York Historical Society and the New York Public Library own original copies of this directory. Following the lead of the most progressive cities, many others throughout the country began to issue directories in rapid succession . . . The compilation of the early directories was usually a side issue rather than the principal line of the compiler's work. Therefore it is natural to find that some of the authors combined the listing with their duties as letter carriers, postmasters, county constables, school principals, teachers, and brokers. Often the modest compiler's own name and address were not even included in the alphabetical listing. The majority of these publications, however, were issued by newspaper offices. From the mid-nineteenth century we find separate directory publishers such as the well-known firms of George Adams and of Damrell & Moore of Boston, C. S. Williams of Cincinnati, and the John F. Trow and John Doggett Companies of New York, William H. Boyd, who had offices in New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, and many others. Boyd advertised in 1859 that he owned the largest collection of directories in the world and was prepared to publish the directory of any city or state. We know that he issued directories for many of the eastern and mid-western cities. Then came the R. L. Polk Company of New York and Detroit, with numerous branch offices. It presumably became the largest directory publisher and so continues today. The price of directories ranged from twenty-five cents to four dollars by the end of the 1850s, whereas the comprehensive Polk publications of today cost us fifty dollars a copy. It is true that the earliest attempts were quite crude, often with the names sorted only under each letter but not completely alphabetized. In the early volumes there were no house numbers, so the locations given were quite general; sometimes the millers and merchants were located merely 'next the bridge' or 'opposite the town hall.'<ref>Dorothea N. Spear, Bibliography of American Directories Through 1860 (Worcester, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society, 1961), 5'10.</ref>
Originally, the two basic types of directories (residence and attribute) were more or less combined. The business orientation of the early directories influenced their development and content. Just as the census was designed primarily for congressional apportionment and not for genealogical purposes, the directory is limited as a genealogical source by the intent of its compilers.
The early English directories listed 'principal traders' and 'gentleman of accompte.' It is doubtful that the 'Lady of Respectability' who compiled the List of Families, and Other Persons in Baltimore, 1752, included in her list those families and 'other persons' who weren't 'respectable.' Although such economic and class distinctions became less apparent later, it was not until the second half of the nineteenth century that directories regularly included common laborers, and even then they usually left out transient residents.
As cities grew in the nineteenth century, directories became more detailed. They included special sections devoted to businesses, organizations, churches, and even steamship lists along with the list of general inhabitants. These special sections eventually evolved into nongeographic directories by the late 1800s. The directories considered in this chapter are:
- City Directories
- Telephone Directories
- County and Regional Business Directories
- Professional Directories
- Organizational Directories
- Religious Directories
- Post Office and Street Directories
Finding a directory, the first step in using one, is also the most difficult step, particularly for researchers far from major record centers. Before attempting to locate a directory, you should be aware that the directory you want might not exist. It may be that a directory was never published for a particular place or group in the year of interest or that no copies of a directory known to have existed have survived. The law that requires copyrighted material be deposited in the Library of Congress dates only from 1870. Some directories were originally published for short-term use and were disposed of when they became obsolete. In addition, libraries may gradually dispose of their directory collections due to lack of space or low demand.
Another major consequence of publication for short-term use is low-quality paper. Individual pages may deteriorate badly. A binding can always be replaced, but when segments of the printed page tear off and are swept up at the end of the day by the library custodian, they are gone forever. Microform reproduction has helped to preserve older directories, but in many cases, image reduction and poor exposure make the microfilm or microfiche copies hard to read.
Gale Research Company, of Detroit, Michigan, publishes the most comprehensive guides to existing directories. These are Directories in Print; City and State Directories in Print; and International Directories in Print. These periodic publications, which succeed the Directory of Directories first published by Information Enterprises in 1980, are available at most public and university libraries. The current editions will, however, cover only those directories in print as of their own respective dates of publication. Their chief value for genealogical research is to provide current addresses and telephone numbers of publishing companies with directory libraries and the names and addresses of organizations for which directories may have been published in the past.


text: World of Warcraft: Mists of Pandaria is now live! You can relive the excitement of the European launch events on September 24 by watching the replay of the Digital Launch Event below, which was broadcast live, connecting events and players across the continent. Check out performances from Manao – Drums of China, orchestral music from Mists of Pandaria, interviews with the game's developers and much, much more!


text: I'll be doing individual java programing over the summer for my coop job and will probably looking around hear for help if I get stumped by something in java. I'll also look to see if there's anything I can help you guys with as well. I program mostly in java now, I've tried other languages before, like c and c++ was the language I learned programming in, I've also tinkered with perl, also some python. But, not I mostly stick with java cause I like netbeans and eclipse and the shere lazyness which these IDE's allow. Also java has like the most documentation and best documentation I've seen for any language, also so many packages are included by default you can pretty much do everything with ease. My favourite things in eclipse are alt-enter and the quick error fix where you click the red x at the left hand margin and it fixes your error for you I pretty much can sometimes forgo reading documentation altogether and just alt-enter the class to see what I can do. Yeah java is lazy.... Right now I'm working on a java GUI program which displays mainly graphs from recorded and real-time data using java's awt/swing and JFreeChart a free graphing package. I tried to program my own graph drawing classes using java's canvas and graphics class calling stuff like graphics.drawline but then I was like fuck that.


text:
Stocks: Dow keeps climbing, sets another all-time high
Benchmark indexes finished higher Monday, one week after a week they posted gains of 2% and the Dow Jones industrial average set four straight record closing highs.
The Dow Jones industrial average, S&P 500 and Nasdaq composite all gained about 0.3% for the day. Climbing the most percentagewise was the Dow, which set another all-time high close of 14,447.29, up 50 points for the day.
Monday was the seventh straight winning day for the Dow. The blue-chip index hasn't had such a run since March of last year.
The yield on the 10-year U.S. Treasury note was higher at 2.06%, its highest yield to date in 2013.
YOUR STOCKS: Get real-time quotes free with our Portfolio Tracker
On Friday, the Dow posted a fourth record high finish, ending the day up almost 0.5% at 14,397.07. The S&P 500 added 0.5% to close at 1,551.18. The Nasdaq index finished the session 0.4% higher at 3,244.37. For the week, the major indexes gained 2% and have posted double-digit gains just over two months into 2013.
FRIDAY: Stocks higher as Dow has fourth record day
Japan's Nikkei 225 index marched higher as the yen slid against the dollar. The Nikkei rose 0.5% to close at 12,349.05. Hong Kong's Hang Seng was flat and ended at 23,090.82. China's SEE index closed down 0.4% to 2,310.59 after the government released economic figures showing growth that wasn't quite as strong as had been hoped.
In Europe, Britain's FTSE 100 index ended up 0.3% at 6,503.63, while Germany's DAX 30 finished flat to slightly negative at 7,984.29, and France's CAC 40 index ended down 0.1% to 3,836.27.
Benchmark oil for April delivery was down four cents to $91.91 per barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The contract rose 39 cents to finish at $91.95 per barrel on the Nymex on Friday.
Contributing: The Associated Press


text:
Product Description
The meticulously engineered pressure limiter can be calibrated within a range of 8 kg to 21 kg (18 lbs to 46 lbs) by adjusting the central screw inside the handle's core. The dynamometric tamper will automatically trigger a click-release once the selected pressure is reached like a torque. The handle with its screw-on cap consists of aluminium, the pressure-sensitive device inside is manufactured with stainless steel.


text:
Hi everyone. I am after some information on a drawing/sketch that my mother-in-law found in a thrift shop. It is with me now and I would love to know the history of it.
It appears to be called: THE RING
and underneath it has "Michael Williams 1968 with acknowledgements to Proffessor (yes spelt with two 'f's) J.R.R.Tolkien"
and underneath that it has "Michael Williams 2002" handwritten
and to the far right it has Copyright Reserved
The piece begins with Bilbo at Bag End, and ends with Gandalf on Shadowfax.
It appears to be drawn in fine-tip pen, and has colour. Each little pic is connected by tree branches crossing through them all.
Any feedback appreciated TY


text:
KnockOut Rose
The easiest roses you'll ever grow.
When it comes to roses, the name at the top of everyone's request list is the KnockOut Rose. It has broken all records for new rose sales and is the most widely distributed rose in North America. They are heat tolerant and disease resistant with a hardy bloom cycle that doesn't stop until the first frost.
In zones 5 – 9, the KnockOut Rose will take all the sun it can get. Once established it is quite drought tolerant. Blooms and stems hold up well to cut flower arrangements.
There are no products matching the selection.


text:
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) - Pacific Gas & Electric Co. said Thursday the company will likely face federal criminal charges for its role in a fatal gas pipeline explosion in the San Francisco Bay Area.
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) � Pacific Gas & Electric Co. said Thursday the company will likely face federal criminal charges for its role in a fatal gas pipeline explosion in the San Francisco Bay Area.
A disclosure document filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by PG&E Corp. and its subsidiary said the company expects the federal government will bring criminal charges against the utility in connection with the Sept. 9, 2010, explosion of its transmission pipeline in San Bruno.
The blast killed eight people, injured dozens of others and sparked a fireball that laid waste to 38 homes in the bedroom community that still bears scars from the accident.
The company said it has been in discussions with federal prosecutors to reach a resolution, but it now expects federal prosecutors will charge that PG&E's past operating practices violated numerous federal Pipeline Safety Act requirements. No details were provided about the type of charges anticipated or who might be charged.
Lillian ArauzHaase, a spokeswoman for the U.S. attorney's office in San Francisco, said she could not immediately comment.
PG&E President Tony Earley said the company has made fundamental changes to its operations and embraces recommendations made by the National Transportation Safety Board after the explosion.
"San Bruno was a tragic accident that caused a great deal of pain for many people. We're accountable for that and make no excuses. Most of all, we are deeply sorry," he said in a statement provided Thursday. "We've committed $2.7 billion of shareholders' money to date and we're making excellent operational progress. We have more work to do and we intend to do it right."
About a year after the explosion, NTSB investigators found that a litany of failures by PG&E led to the blast and warned there was no certainty that those problems didn't exist elsewhere.
The board also made a series of safety recommendations to regulators and the gas industry, concluding the incident wasn't the result of a simple mechanical failure, but was an "organizational accident."
San Bruno Mayor Jim Ruane hailed the announcement as good news for residents still seeking to heal from the disaster.
"Along with the upcoming conclusion of the ongoing penalty proceeding by the California Public Utilities Commission, the completion of this criminal prosecution will hopefully help bring closure and hold PG&E accountable and responsible for this devastating tragedy created by the gross negligence of PG&E," he said.
Details of the criminal investigation, including possible charges that could result, are not being publicly discussed.
Federal prosecutors previously investigated a different pipeline company after a ruptured line spilled more than 225,000 gallons of gasoline into creeks running through a public park in Bellingham, Wash., causing an explosion. Three people died.
That federal investigation of the Olympic Pipe Line Co. explosion in 1999 ultimately resulted in prison or probation terms for three company officials and a settlement requiring $112 million in penalties and safety improvements.
Follow Garance Burke at http://twitter.com/garanceburke .


text:
So one night, when I was on call, I was woken at around 2:00 a.m. by a page from the ICU.
Dr. Grumpy: "This is Dr. Grumpy, returning a page."
Dr. Violet: "Hi, Ibee. I need an order for Tylenol on Mr. Stroke. He spiked a fever."
Dr. Grumpy: "Peggy, is this you? What's going on?"
Dr. Violet: "He has a fever. The resident taking care of him didn't write a Tylenol order before they left."
Dr. Grumpy: "His resident is... HEY! He's your patient! You signed him out to me before you left."
Dr. Violet: "Uh... yeah."
Dr. Grumpy: "Why are you calling me, anyway? Why don't you order it?"
Dr. Violet: "I'm his nurse tonight, not his doctor. I have to page the resident on call, which is you."
Dr. Grumpy: "Am I on Candid Camera?"


text:
Don't like being left behind and today my mum left back to Norway but she did make sure I had enough of her speciality-bread and baked a giant portion this morning and left a tulip bouquet on my table. I love flowers in my home, though they usually don't have a very long life expectancy in my home they make me happy to wake up to in the morning.
We had a last stroll in the rain and popped into a few stores, among them Browns Fashion and tried on a new pair of Margiela boots and scanned through everything else new in store. I love their selection of designers and also that whatever you see on their website they have in their boutique, real time.
Casual dress day, jeans H&M, vintage coat Burberry, shirt Cos, loafers Alexander Wang, bag Celine and Ray Ban's


text:
Connecticut Post, July 2014
Off a nondescript side street on Stratford's west side is an astounding treasure trove of automotive masterpieces. It's not a car museum, although, to be sure, there are plenty of car museums that wish they had a collection like this. It's Automotive Restorations Inc., which, as its name suggests, is in the business of taking four-wheeled basket cases and transforming them into the glorious machines they were back in the days before gas stations sold milk. "Interest is restoring cars is growing at a rate that's phenomenal," said Kent S. Bain, who owns and runs the business. He said, in many ways, a car is a work of art. "It's a pot from ancient Egypt and a Louis XIV chair."
ARI, founded in 1978, has about 80 cars in the shop at any time, all in various stages of the restoration process. Some are getting painted, some are having their instrument gauges rebuilt, some are getting new upholstery. Although the company has a small number of cars for sale, just about all of the work is for clients.
The company has about 35 employees, all expert in a particular aspect of restoration -- rebuilding gearboxes, painting, rust repair, upholstery and so forth. Then there are the little bits and pieces that have to be chased down or fabricated. For some clients, it's the very same car that their father or grandfather drove, and they would like to drive it, too. For others, it's a particularly coveted car they want brought back to the condition that it was in on the day it left the factory or maybe the day it raced at Le Mans.
"Some clients want the car brought back to new condition, but a lot of them are looking for something that they can drive and enjoy," said Bain, 64. The cavernous shop has its share of Porsches, MGs, Jaguars, Aston Martins and Lamborghinis. Others are beyond rare, like the once-sad Pegaso sports car that was nearing completion during a recent visit. Only 70 were built between 1951 and 1958.
A green -- not British racing green, Bain was quick to mention -- Jaguar E-Type roadster was sitting on jack stands, its floor pan clean enough to eat dinner off. "This is a car that the client really wants to enjoy, so we're making a few improvements," Bain said. "Now, the E-Type had an issue with the copper heater plumbing. It would corrode though sooner or later, and the owner would have a puddle under the middle of the car wondering where the heck it came from."
The solution, he said, is to replace the factory heater tubing with an all-stainless-steel assembly. The car was also getting a vastly improved and lighter aluminum radiator. "Better than new," Bain said, admiring the car, still in pieces. It won't be precisely authentic, he said, but the client is looking for a car that he can have fun with, not a "trailer queen" that only sees the light of day at car shows.
ARI restores its share of trailer queens, too, and many of these fussed-over cars will be at Lime Rock Park in Lakeville over the Labor Day weekend, celebrating the racetrack's 32nd annual Historic Festival. Some will be raced and others, the prettier ones, will get to appear in the festival's Concours D'Elegance.
A concours is a little like an A-list party for cars. Your car can't attend unless it has been invited. "This place is amazing," said Skip Barber, the former sports car racer whose world-famous driving school operates at Lime Rock and who is also president of the track. "I walk in this place, and I see all of these amazing cars. I figure that they're just being stored here, but no -- they're being worked on. All of them."
ARI takes a different approach when it race-preps a historic car. The driver's compartment has to withstand a crash, and there's fire-suppression gear and competition seat belts that are required, too. The company, through its subsidiary, Vintage Racing Services Inc., also provides trackside support at vintage racing events worldwide.
"We love real cars," said Murray Smith, the organizer of Lime Rock's Vintage Festival. "I have a car being restored here right now. And every time you come here, you see something fantastic. Look at the little Alfa when you came in the door -- it's been driven in the Targa Florio three times. It still has the Targa sticker on the windscreen."
Lime Rock officials say Bain's support and expertise has been pivotal in the success of the LRP Vintage Festival over the years. They don't just work on European sports cars. ARI also takes in American iron, motorcycles and the occasional farm tractor.
So how much does a restoration job cost? Bain said it's not uncommon for a client to write out a check for $150,000 or more -- often much more than what he paid for the machine in the first place. Clients are charged depending on how many hours is needed to complete the job.
"Sometimes, they'll have a car that, frankly, isn't worth that much in the first place and it still needs a lot of work," Bain said. "I'm honest with them, and I tell them that I can find the same car that can be brought back for a lot less. We never say we can't. We'll say, `It's not a smart idea.' "
Still, spending a small fortune on restoration isn't entirely a gentleman's folly. "You can spend $200,000 on a new car or $200,000 on a restoration," Bain said. "The difference is, the new car will drop in value, but the value of the restored car can only go up." firstname.lastname@example.com; 203-330-6403; http://twitter.com/johnburgeson


text:
Invisible the second song or technically the first or just a single, heck at this point who knows, we all have been waiting for the next release for what seems to be months and yet we are no closer to any actual announcement of the next studio album.
We like to call it "Lucky 13" just because we have no real title to announce at this time. "Invisible" is a bit different and yet the same for those U2 fans that have been around for a while. LA Times review was not as flattering, which is nothing new for reviewers.
Bono did say once or I am guessing he did that he was listening to Kraftwerk which we can pick up within the single.
U2 does not depart from the message of hope, peace, and faith that is one of the staple trademarks, and you can really start to dig into the idea that God has not departed the room, yet. Musically the band seems challenged to find its way into this new music world and yet bring forth their devoted fans as we all march towards 60. The single may provide us the framework for what is to come of U2 or it might be a floating balloon to which the band will see who hangs on. One thing is for sure. U2 is coming straight toward us this year with a full album that might just be released in the middle of darkness. We give it a 5 stars for different yet the same and with a splash of possibility


text:
By Maximus Nielsen on September 12 2019 14:45:30
If you only need to do flow charts for your business, you may not wish to purchase an expensive program designed for all diagram charts. Flow Diagram Drawing Software is a more economical solution. It does one thing and does it well, create flow charts. One of the best Flow Diagram Drawing Software programs on the market is made by Pacestar, an Arizona company which specializes in diagramming software solutions. Their product, WizFlow Flowcharter is an easy to use and feature rich flowchart and diagram drawing tool for Windows.
Even simple flowcharts make sense and can help break up the monotonous text. The last thing you want in any research or technical paper is to have too many paragraphs of solid text without enough whitespace, or graphics. Too much text without enough breaks, actually defeats the purpose of memory retention and comprehension by the reader.
If you pick up any college business textbook and page through it quickly you will see lots of flowcharts, often in Color which use different shapes to signify each step of the process along the way. In fact, you will often notice that such illustrations and graphics artwork come in 3-D, along with the multiple colors.
The first task in developing a procedure is to prepare a flowchart of the current practice. This is done with the active contribution of staff who do the task or know most about the task. The procedure author/facilitator leads the group and prepares a rough flowchart of the current process. The flowchart emerging in the meeting should be rich in detail through the contributions of all participants, but will also be a mess -- marked up with deletions, changes, and notes added as a result of the groups inputs. Seldom can this be done in one meeting unless the process is simple. All participants should bring any work instructions and check sheets that they use or have concerning the process to the meeting for reference and use in the discussion and to be included in the project file for future reference.


text:
Remember Christmas mornings past with parts covering the floor and 150-page instruction manuals hiding amid the wrapping paper? Thanks, Santa. We must have done something really bad to deserve this.
Remember Christmas mornings past with parts covering the floor and 150-page instruction manuals hiding amid the wrapping paper? Thanks, Santa. We must have done something really bad to deserve this. Manufacturers 20 years ago tried to transfer the job of product assembly to the consumer. It made sense and saved them lots of money. It caused all manner of mayhem for consumers left holding the box. The instructions were just barely legible -- microprint to save on printing, obviously not written by someone who spoke English. The store where you bought the product completely disassociated itself with this mess, telling you to contact the manufacturer. The scheme flopped. Many of us are all thumbs, and tool-deficient. When I see a six-page pop-out drawing with 95 instruction steps, I scream, and the dog hides under the couch. Saner marketing has taken hold. Buy a mower, blower or whatever these days and you face a few easy assembly steps. Lawn-gear makers have taken the lead in simplifying assembly. Usually, all you need is a wrench and screwdriver. It can look a little too simple. A common problem in this world is loose fasteners. It could be a nut and bolt or a little clip or whatever. I go over them twice to make sure they're secure. With any powered yard tool, it's handy to have few spare parts. They always break when you need them. I like having a fresh spark plug and air cleaner around. Many machines hold the blade or powered wheels to the transmission shaft with shear pins. These cost less than a dollar and are mission critical. While you're at it, get a new blade or sharpen the old one. That first engine start is a breathless affair. The only way to really screw it up is to start your engine with no oil in it. This seizes the cylinders; you likely will need a new engine. New powered gear comes with detuned engines that cut air pollution. That means the ports on the carburetor are smaller to burn less gas and sealed to prevent user tampering. The result is the engines are more susceptible to dirt coming in via the fuel tank. The fix is to take off the carb and hit the port with compressed air, about $65. The new guys are easy to start, but you must follow the priming instructions properly. Send gardening questions to email@example.com.


text:
Products and Solutions
Training Programs
PHP Training
Services and Support
Try and Buy
CompanyDownload Now
白小姐一肖一码开中特马肖中特马 www.jhkew.tw
Affiliate Network
By becoming a Zend affiliate, you align yourself with PHP, the fastest growing Internet technology, expanding your market reach and appeal to the savviest programmers in the market.
An affiliate is a person or company which sends visitors to a website in exchange for commissions. In our case, you will be given unique links to use on your website, blog, or any content you publish. These links will either:
Once a qualified purchase or download is made by a customer referred to us from your website, our affiliate network partner (Commission Junction OR Shareasale) will track it in their platform/database, and you will get a commission for the sale or lead. You can also use your unique links on any social site (Facebook, Linked-In, Twitter, etc.), email, blog, or any form of communication and get credited with the sale or download conversion.
Zend has a long standing affiliate program designed to build revenue for our affiliates. We consider our affiliates to be business partners and work to drive sales results for both of us through the program. We have a competitive commission plan (up to 15% per sale and $50 per 100 leads) that has been proven to yield high monthly commissions for our affiliates.
If you are interested in applying to our affiliate program and are interested in sales commissions only, please apply through Commission Junction click here.
If you are interested in applying to our affiliate program and are interested in both sales commissions and lead commissions, apply through Shareasale click here.
Got questions? send us an email [email protected]


text:
Beaches with the Q for Quality award
Enjoy the sea in Spain, with beaches to suit everyone lying all along its beautiful coastline.
La Oliva Beach, Region of Valencia
Clean, safe, accessible and environmentally friendly. This is what Spain's beaches are like, and this is why they are the chosen destination for thousands of people every year. Their quality has been internationally recognised through the Blue Flag designation awarded by the Foundation for Environmental Education. You'll also find some with the demanding Q for Tourist Quality mark. Come and discover what a first-rate coast is like –a coast with the Q award.
With almost 8,000 kilometres of coastline and 3,000 listed beaches, Spain is the perfect destination for those in search of sun and sand at any time of year. Proof of this lies in the thousands who return year after year. Here you'll find a broad, varied array of attractions, with beaches offering a multitude of options for entertainment with the family, water sports and fun by both day and night.
Whichever region you choose, you'll find excellent facilities and clean, sandy beaches, with all the required safety systems, easy accessibility and with an environmentally friendly approach. All this is guaranteed by the quality certificates awarded to Spanish beaches on assessment of these parameters. The blue flag rating is the most widely known, but there are other highly prestigious, demanding systems also in place. These include the Q for Quality distinction, awarded by the Spanish Tourism Quality Institute (ICTE).
When this award was created it was a pioneering innovation at the global level. It differs from other standards in that it focuses especially on the tourism sector, with specific emphasis placed on the needs of the end user. Q for Quality does not only mean that the beach in question meets the necessary quality standards, but also that its facilities and services are constantly being improved to ensure customer satisfaction.
More than 230 beaches in Spain currently have the Q for Tourism Quality award. Once they have earned the award, beaches must pass an annual review to maintain it. Environmental education, leisure services, removal of architectural barriers and assistance to disabled persons are some of the aspects taken into account.
In Spain you can enjoy beaches designed just for you. Come and discover them: they are beaches with the Q for Quality award.
Have you found this information useful?


text:
AUVERS-SUR-OISE, France (AP) — The leader of an Iranian militant group that was taken off the U.S. terror list on Friday says the move will change her group's "balance of power" with the world — predicting a higher profile in politics, fundraising and diplomacy and increased anti-regime activity in Iran.
The U.S. State Department said the People's Mujahedeen of Iran (MEK) hasn't committed terror for more than a decade. The group has also complied with demands that more than 3,000 of its once-armed members abandon their base in Iraq near the Iranian border for a camp outside Baghdad, an essential step to ending their decades-long presence in Iraq.
The U.S. decision means that, effective immediately, any assets the group has in the United States are unblocked and Americans are permitted to do business with the organization.
A court order had given Clinton until Oct. 1 to act. The group was removed from the European Union's terrorist list in 2009.
Maryam Rajavi, the Paris-based head of the exiled opposition group, said in a rare interview that she hopes the organization can now have the ear of the world's diplomats to help bolster its bid to overthrow Iran's clerical regime. She stressed that its goal was to replace the Islamic Republic with a democratic government.
"It now has become evident for everyone that these (terror) allegations were untrue," she said, praising U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton for her "courage."
"Our cause is democracy and the freedom of democracy for the future of Iran," Rajavi said. "We are against fundamentalism which is in power in Iran ... ... The mullahs' (clerical) regime is the center of the exportation of terrorism and fundamentalism in the Middle East."
However, a senior State Department official suggested that removing MEK from the U.S. terrorist list does not translate into a shared common front against the Islamic Republic of Iran.
The official said Washington does not view MEK as an opposition movement that can promote democratic values in Iran. The official briefed reporters on condition of anonymity because he wasn't authorized to speak publicly on the matter.
"They are not part of our picture in terms of the future of Iran," the official said.
The Iranian regime is sure to be furious at the U.S. decision to delist MEK — for years the only armed exile opposition group. The group, which began as a guerrilla movement fighting Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, helped overthrow the monarch in 1979 then quickly fell out with the Islamic Republic's first leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
MEK later teamed up with Iraq to battle Iran in an eight-year war in the 1980s, then from its Iraqi base continued military action against neighboring Iran.
The United States contends the group was responsible for the killing of several American military officials and defense contractors in the 1970s, carrying out attacks on Iran from its base in Iraq.
The MEK spent huge sums of money over years lobbying for removal from the U.S. terror list, holding rallies in European capitals and elsewhere that featured luminaries like former Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge from the administration of George W. Bush. Former House Speaker and presidential candidate Newt Gingrich was among those recently welcomed by the MEK to Paris.
Rajavi, 58, wore what has become a trademark headscarf among MEK women during the interview Friday at MEK's headquarters in the leafy town of Auvers-Sur-Oise north of Paris. She denied claims by critics that MEK has all the earmarks of a cult, saying it is Iran who seeded such allegations as part of their "psychological war" against the group.
"All the energy and potential of our movement were chained" during the 15 years that MEK was listed by the United States as a terrorist organization, she said, speaking in French as well as the Iranian language of Farsi through a translator.
At its headquarters, the group was preparing for a jubilant fete on Saturday, plastering walls on the street with red drapes and photographs of "martyrs," as it refers to members who have been killed.
"The diplomatic scene will be completely different" because the group's status as a pariah will evaporate, Rajavi said, reiterating MEK's long-standing denial of terrorism.
But, she said, "the most important impact ... will be seen inside Iran."
"The balance of power, the balance of power is going to change. For example, the first message for the Iranian people will be they won't fear increasing their activity and increasing their demonstrations," she said. The fear "will evaporate ... and that will lead to the expansion of anti-regime activities within Iran."
With a clean bill of health in the West, the Iranian regime "will no longer have the excuse" of acting against an organization deemed terrorist by the United States.
Mujahedeen, protected in Iraq under dictator Saddam Hussein, were disarmed after the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq and are disliked by the new Iraqi government, dominated by Shiite Muslims like those in Iran.
The United States had insisted the MEK's members leave Camp Ashraf, their home in Iraq, as a condition for removal from the terrorist list. All but several hundred militants are now located in Camp Liberty, a former U.S. base outside Baghdad, looking for placement in third countries.
Among those transferred to Camp Liberty were Rajavi's 30-year-old daughter and her 32-year-old son, she revealed.
A veil of mystery has long clung to the group, not the least over the whereabouts of its main founder, Massoud Rajavi, who married Maryam in 1985. He has not been seen publicly since at least 2003, although he continues as MEK's co-leader, and his portrait greets visitors at the well-secured entranthe group's French headquarters.
There has been speculation that he is dead. Rajavi countered those reports Friday and said he is alive but would provide no details.
Bradley Klapper contributed to this story from New York.
Follow Elaine Ganley at —www.twitter.com/Elaine_Ganley.


text:
Once the local source tree is synchronized against a particular version of FreeBSD such as FreeBSD-STABLE or FreeBSD-CURRENT, the source tree can be used to rebuild the system. This process is known as rebuilding world.
Before rebuilding world, be sure to perform the following tasks:
Backup all important data to another system or removable media, verify the integrity of the backup, and have a bootable installation media at hand. It cannot be stressed enough how important it is to make a backup of the system before rebuilding the system. While rebuilding world is an easy task, there will inevitably be times when mistakes in the source tree render the system unbootable. You will probably never have to use the backup, but it is better to be safe than sorry!
Review the recent freebsd-stable or freebsd-current entries, depending upon the branch being tracked. Be aware of any known problems and which systems are affected. If a known issue affects the version of synchronized code, wait for an "all clear" announcement to be posted stating that the problem has been solved. Resynchronize the sources to ensure that the local version of source has the needed fix.
If you have not previously performed an
installworld using the
etcupdate(8) utility to perform the post install
merging of the configuration files, then it will need to be
bootstrapped. For details on how to perform the
bootstrapping procedure, or how to determine whether it is
required, see Section 22.214.171.124, "Bootstrapping
etcupdate (First time only)".
/usr/src/UPDATING for any
extra steps necessary for that version of the source. This
file contains important information about potential problems
and may specify the order to run certain commands. Many
upgrades require specific additional steps such as renaming
or deleting specific files prior to installing the new
world. These will be listed at the end of this file where
the currently recommended upgrade sequence is explicitly
spelled out. If
UPDATING contradicts
any steps in this chapter, the instructions in
UPDATING take precedence and should be
make world:
Some older documentation recommends using
world. However, that command skips some important
steps and should only be used by experts. For almost all
make world is the wrong thing
to do, and the procedure described here should be used
The build world process assumes an upgrade from an older FreeBSD version using the source of a newer version that was obtained using the instructions in Section 23.5, "Synchronizing Source".
In FreeBSD, the term "world" includes the kernel, core system binaries, libraries, programming files, and built-in compiler. The order in which these components are built and installed is important.
For example, the old compiler might have a bug and not be able to compile the new kernel. Since the new kernel should be built with the new compiler, the new compiler must be built, but not necessarily installed, before the new kernel is built.
The new world might rely on new kernel features, so the new kernel must be installed before the new world is installed. The old world might not run correctly on the new kernel, so the new world must be installed immediately upon installing the new kernel.
Some configuration changes must be made before the new
world is installed, but others might break the old world.
Hence, two different configuration upgrade steps are used.
For the most part, the update process only replaces or adds
files and existing old files are not deleted. Since this can
cause problems,
/usr/src/UPDATING will
indicate if any files need to be manually deleted and at which
step to do so.
These concerns have led to the recommended upgrade sequence described in the following procedure.
It is a good idea to save the output from running
make to a file. If something goes wrong,
a copy of the error message can be posted to one of the FreeBSD
mailing lists.
The easiest way to do this is to use
script with a parameter that specifies
the name of the file to save all output to. Do not save the
output to
/tmp as this directory may be
cleared at next reboot. A better place to save the file is
/var/tmp. Run this command immediately
before rebuilding the world, and then type
exit when the process has
scriptScript started, output file is /var/tmp/mw.out
The commands used in the build world process should be run in the order specified here. This section summarizes the function of each command.
If the etcupdate(8) utility has not previously
been used to perform the post-
merging of configuration files within
then it will need to be bootstrapped using a copy of the
FreeBSD source tree which matches the currently
installed system (pre-upgrade):
etcupdate extract -s
If the build world process has previously been run on
this system, a copy of the previous build may still exist
/usr/obj. To
speed up the new build world process, and possibly save
some dependency headaches, remove this directory if it
already exists:
chflags -R noschg /usr/obj/*
rm -rf /usr/obj
Compile the new compiler and a few related tools, then
use the new compiler to compile the rest of the new world.
The result is saved to
cd /usr/src
make buildworld
Use the new compiler residing in
/usr/obj to build the new
kernel, in order to protect against compiler-kernel
mismatches. This is necessary, as certain memory
structures may have changed, and programs like
ps and
top will fail
to work if the kernel and source code versions are not the
make buildkernel
Install the new kernel and kernel modules, making it
possible to boot with the newly updated kernel. If
kern.securelevel has been raised above
1 and
noschg or similar flags have been set
on the kernel binary, drop the system into single-user
mode first. Otherwise, this command can be run from
multi-user mode without problems. See init(8) for
details about
kern.securelevel and
chflags(1) for details about the various file
make installkernel
Drop the system into single-user mode in order to minimize problems from updating any binaries that are already running. It also minimizes any problems from running the old world on a new kernel.
shutdown now
Once in single-user mode, run these commands if the system is formatted with UFS:
mount -u /
mount -a -t ufs
swapon -a
If the system is instead formatted with ZFS, run these
two commands. This example assumes a zpool name of
zfs set readonly=off zroot
zfs mount -a
Optional: If a keyboard mapping other than the default US English is desired, it can be changed with kbdmap(1):
Then, for either file system, if the CMOS clock is set to local time (this is true if the output of date(1) does not show the correct time and zone), run:
adjkerntz -i
Remaking the world will not update certain
directories, such as
/var and
with new or changed configuration files. The next step is
to perform some initial configuration file updates
/etc in
preparation for the new world. The following command
compares only those files that are essential for the
success of
installworld. For
instance, this step may add new groups, system accounts,
or startup scripts which have been added to FreeBSD since the
last update. This is necessary so that the
installworld step will be able
to use any new system accounts, groups, and scripts.
Refer to Section 23.6.4, "Merging Configuration Files" for more detailed
instructions about this command:
etcupdate -p
Install the new world and system binaries from
cd /usr/src
make installworld
Update any remaining configuration files.
Delete any obsolete files. This is important as they may cause problems if left on the disk.
make delete-old
A full reboot is now needed to load the new kernel and new world with the new configuration files.
Make sure that all installed ports have first been rebuilt before old libraries are removed using the instructions in Section 4.5.3, "Upgrading Ports". When finished, remove any obsolete libraries to avoid conflicts with newer ones. For a more detailed description of this step, refer to Section 23.6.5, "Deleting Obsolete Files and Libraries".
make delete-old-libs
If the system can have a window of down-time, consider compiling the system in single-user mode instead of compiling the system in multi-user mode, and then dropping into single-user mode for the installation. Reinstalling the system touches a lot of important system files, all the standard system binaries, libraries, and include files. Changing these on a running system, particularly one with active users, is asking for trouble.
This build world process uses several configuration files.
Makefile located in
/usr/src describes how the programs that
comprise FreeBSD should be built and the order in which they
should be built.
The options available to
make are
described in make.conf(5) and some common examples are
included in
/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf. Any
options which are added to
will control the how
make runs and builds
programs. These options take effect every time
make is used, including compiling
applications from the Ports Collection, compiling custom C
programs, or building the FreeBSD operating system. Changes to
some settings can have far-reaching and potentially surprising
effects. Read the comments in both locations and keep in mind
that the defaults have been chosen for a combination of
performance and safety.
How the operating system is built from source code is
controlled by
/etc/src.conf. Unlike
/etc/make.conf, the contents of
/etc/src.conf only take effect when the
FreeBSD operating system itself is being built. Descriptions of
the many options available for this file are shown in
src.conf(5). Be cautious about disabling seemingly
unneeded kernel modules and build options. Sometimes there
are unexpected or subtle interactions.
The general format for using
make is as
make -
In this example,
- is an option
passed to
make. Refer to make(1) for
examples of the available options.
To pass a variable, specify the variable name with
-D. The
behavior of the
Makefile is controlled by
variables. These can either be set in
/etc/make.conf or they can be specified
when using
make. For example, this
variable specifies that profiled libraries should not be
make -DNO_PROFILE
It corresponds with this setting in
NO_PROFILE= true # Avoid compiling profiled libraries
target tells
make what to do and the
Makefile defines the available targets.
Some targets are used by the build process to break out the
steps necessary to rebuild the system into a number of
Having separate options is useful for two reasons. First,
it allows for a build that does not affect any components of a
running system. Because of this,
buildworld can be safely run on a
machine running in multi-user mode. It is still recommended
installworld be run in part in
single-user mode, though.
Secondly, it allows NFS mounts to be used to upgrade multiple machines on a network, as described in Section 23.7, "Tracking for Multiple Machines".
It is possible to specify
-j which will
make to spawn several simultaneous
processes. Since much of the compiling process is
I/O-bound rather than
CPU-bound, this is useful on both single
CPU and multi-CPU
On a single-CPU machine, run the following command to have up to 4 processes running at any one time. Empirical evidence posted to the mailing lists shows this generally gives the best performance benefit.
make -j4 buildworld
On a multi-CPU machine, try values
6 and
10 to see
how they speed things up.
If any variables were specified to
buildworld, specify the same variables to
make installworld. However,
-j must never be used
For example, if this command was used:
make -DNO_PROFILE buildworld
Install the results with:
make -DNO_PROFILE installworld
Otherwise, the second command will try to install
profiled libraries that were not built during the
make buildworld phase.
FreeBSD provides the etcupdate(8) Bourne script to aid
in determining the differences between the configuration files
/etc, and the configuration files in
/usr/src/etc. This is the recommended
solution for keeping the system configuration files up to date
with those located in the source tree, as it uses a 3-way
merge algorithm to compare the source tree used for the
previous installworld and current installworld, and
automatically merges any updates to the installed system
without clobbering local changes which have been made to the
Note that
etcupdate has replaced
mergemaster(8) as the recommended method to update
configuration files, as the latter required the user to review
all of the differences between the new source tree and the
installed system, and manually select which changes should be
applied, even if there had been no local changes made to the
file from the previous source tree used to install it.
If you have not previously performed an install world
using the
etcupdate utility to perform
the post install merging of the configuration files, then
it will need to be bootstrapped. This step essentially
involves providing
etcupdate with a copy
of the source tree that matches the
currently installed world.
This is only required the first time that
etcupdate is used to perform an install
world, as it saves a copy of the new world each time it is
To check whether
already has a copy of the correct source tree, or if it
needs to be bootstrapped, confirm that the following command
shows only the local changes which have been made to the
system. If it shows an unexpected result, or if it fails
with an error about a missing reference tree, then it is
likely that
etcupdate needs to be
etcupdate diff | less
To bootstrap
etcupdate, you must
first obtain a copy of the source tree which matches your
currently installed world. This is not
referring to the updated source tree which is about to to
be installed to the system, but a copy of the source tree
which matches the currently running
system (used during the previous install or update).
If you are running a RELEASE branch, this must be a copy
of the source tree which includes all changes for
security/errata updates which have been installed (this
applies even if you have previously been performing binary
updates using the freebsd-update(8) utility).
If you do not have a copy of the matching source tree readily available, the easiest way to obtain it is to download it using subversion:
svn checkout -r
Once you have the source tree matching the current
world, use it to bootstrap
etcupdate extract -s
Before using
etcupdate, it is
recommended to have a backup or snapshot of
/etc. If using the
copy command to take a local backup,
-R which does a recursive copy and
-p which preserves times and the ownerships
on files:
cp -Rp /etc /etc.old
etcupdate needs to be bootstrapped the
first time it is used to merge configuration files
installworld. See
Section 184.108.40.206, "Bootstrapping
etcupdate (First time only)".
When run in the default mode (with no further arguments),
etcupdate first moves it's backup of the
old source tree from
/var/db/etcupdate/current/ to the
/var/db/etcupdate/previous/, and then
takes a copy of the new source tree from
/usr/src/ to
etcupdate compares the files in
the "current" and "previous" trees, and performs a 3-way merge
to the installed system. New files will be added, removed
files will be deleted, and modified files will be updated,
only if it it will not cobber any local changes. If the merge
encounters conflicts, then a version of the offending file
will be saved with conflict markers for future resolution, and
etcupdate will generate a warning.
For each file that is updated a line will be output with a leading character to indicate the action taken:
|Leading character
|Action taken
Note that for certain files
will perform post-install actions any time they updated:
|Modified file
|Post-install action
|pwd_mkdb(8) is invoked
|cap_mkdb(1) is invoked to update
|newaliases(1) is invoked *
|services.mkdb(8) is invoked
|tzsetup(8) is invoked if
/var/db/zoneinfo exists
/etc/rc.d/motd is invoked *
* These post-install actions only occur if
etcupdate is updating file directly to
/etc/ (the default behaviour). Refer to
the etcupdate(8) man page for behaviour if the
-D option has been used to merge
configuration files in a non-default destination directory
(for example, when using boot environments).
As a part of the FreeBSD development lifecycle, files and
their contents occasionally become obsolete. This may be
because functionality is implemented elsewhere, the version
number of the library has changed, or it was removed from the
system entirely. These obsoleted files, libraries, and
directories should be removed when updating the system.
This ensures that the system is not cluttered with old files
which take up unnecessary space on the storage and backup
media. Additionally, if the old library has a security or
stability issue, the system should be updated to the newer
library to keep it safe and to prevent crashes caused by the
old library. Files, directories, and libraries which are
considered obsolete are listed in
/usr/src/ObsoleteFiles.inc. The
following instructions should be used to remove obsolete files
during the system upgrade process.
After the
make installworld and the
etcupdate have finished
successfully, check for obsolete files and libraries:
cd /usr/src
make check-old
If any obsolete files are found, they can be deleted using the following command:
make delete-old
A prompt is displayed before deleting each obsolete file.
To skip the prompt and let the system remove these files
automatically, use
make -DBATCH_DELETE_OLD_FILES delete-old
The same goal can be achieved by piping these commands
yes|make delete-old
Deleting obsolete files will break applications that
still depend on those obsolete files. This is especially
true for old libraries. In most cases, the programs, ports,
or libraries that used the old library need to be recompiled
make delete-old-libs is
Utilities for checking shared library dependencies include sysutils/libchk and sysutils/bsdadminscripts.
Obsolete shared libraries can conflict with newer libraries, causing messages like these:
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libz.so.4, needed by /usr/local/lib/libtiff.so, may conflict with libz.so.5 /usr/bin/ld: warning: librpcsvc.so.4, needed by /usr/local/lib/libXext.so, may conflict with librpcsvc.so.5
To solve these problems, determine which port installed the library:
pkg which /usr/local/lib/libtiff.so/usr/local/lib/libtiff.so was installed by package tiff-3.9.4
pkg which /usr/local/lib/libXext.so/usr/local/lib/libXext.so was installed by package libXext-1.1.1,1
Then deinstall, rebuild, and reinstall the port. To automate this process, ports-mgmt/portmaster can be used. After all ports are rebuilt and no longer use the old libraries, delete the old libraries using the following command:
make delete-old-libs
If something goes wrong, it is easy to rebuild a
particular piece of the system. For example, if
/etc/magic was accidentally deleted as
part of the upgrade or merge of
file will stop working. To fix this,
cd /usr/src/usr.bin/file
make all install
It depends upon the nature of the change. For example, if svn only shows the following files as being updated:
it probably is not worth rebuilding the entire
world. Instead, go into the appropriate sub-directories
and run
make all install. But if
something major changes, such as
src/lib/libc/stdlib, consider
rebuilding world.
Some users rebuild world every fortnight and let changes accumulate over that fortnight. Others only re-make those things that have changed and are careful to spot all the dependencies. It all depends on how often a user wants to upgrade and whether they are tracking FreeBSD-STABLE or FreeBSD-CURRENT.
This normally indicates a hardware problem. Building world is an effective way to stress test hardware, especially memory. A sure indicator of a hardware issue is when make is restarted and it dies at a different point in the process.
To resolve this error, swap out the components in the machine, starting with RAM, to determine which component is failing.
be removed when finished?
This directory contains all the object files that
were produced during the compilation phase. Normally,
one of the first steps in the
buildworld process is to remove this
directory and start afresh. Keeping
/usr/obj around when finished makes
little sense, and its removal frees up a approximately
2GB of disk space.
This depends on how far into the process the
problem occurs. In general,
buildworld builds new copies of essential
tools and the system libraries. These tools and
libraries are then installed, used to rebuild
themselves, and are installed again. The rest of the
system is then rebuilt with the new system
During the last stage, it is fairly safe to run
these commands as they will not undo the work of the
make buildworld:
cd /usr/src
make -DNO_CLEAN all
If this message appears:
-------------------------------------------------------------- Building everything.. --------------------------------------------------------------
in the
make buildworld output,
it is probably fairly safe to do so.
If that message is not displayed, it is always better to be safe than sorry and to restart the build from scratch.
Several actions can speed up the build world process. For example, the entire process can be run from single-user mode. However, this will prevent users from having access to the system until the process is complete.
Careful file system design or the use of ZFS
datasets can make a difference. Consider putting
/usr/src and
/usr/obj on
separate file systems. If possible, place the file
systems on separate disks on separate disk controllers.
When mounting
/usr/src, use
noatime which prevents the file system
from recording the file access time. If
/usr/src is not on its
own file system, consider remounting
/usr with
The file system holding
/usr/obj can be mounted
or remounted with
async so that disk
writes happen asynchronously. The write completes
immediately, and the data is written to the disk a few
seconds later. This allows writes to be clustered
together, and can provide a dramatic performance
Keep in mind that this option makes the file system more fragile. With this option, there is an increased chance that, should power fail, the file system will be in an unrecoverable state when the machine restarts.
/usr/obj is the only
directory on this file system, this is not a problem.
If you have other, valuable data on the same file
system, ensure that there are verified backups before
enabling this option.
Turn off profiling by setting
"NO_PROFILE=true" in
to make(1) to run multiple processes in parallel.
This usually helps on both single- and multi-processor
First, make absolutely sure that the environment has no extraneous cruft from earlier builds:
chflags -R noschg /usr/obj/usr
rm -rf /usr/obj/usr
cd /usr/src
make cleandir
make cleandir
make cleandir really should
be run twice.
Then, restart the whole process, starting with
make buildworld.
If problems persist, send the error and the output
uname -a to FreeBSD general questions mailing list. Be
prepared to answer other questions about the
All FreeBSD documents are available for download at http://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/
Questions that are not answered by the
documentation may be
sent to <email@example.com>.
Send questions about this document to <firstname.lastname@example.com>.