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March 28, 2007
Very Cold Cold
This digest reviews the moisture control principles that must be followed for a successful insulated retrofit of a solid load-bearing masonry wall. Two possible approaches to retrofitting such walls are presented and compared.
Reducing the energy consumption of buildings has become increasingly imperative because of the combined demands of energy security, rising energy costs, and the need to reduce the environmental damage of energy consumption. A significant amount of research has developed guidance and technology to assist designers and owners significantly reduce the energy consumption of new buildings. However, a vast stock of existing buildings, the great majority of which have poorly insulated enclosures, exists. Improving the energy performance of this stock of buildings will be a very important part of transitioning North America from an imported fossil fuel dependent region, to a low-carbon, self-sufficient economy.
Upgrading, renovating and converting buildings to new uses involve numerous challenges. A socially, culturally, and economically important class of buildings is load-bearing brick masonry buildings, typically built before the Second World War. Adding insulation to the walls of such masonry buildings in cold, and particularly cold and wet, climates may cause performance and durability problems in some cases.
This digest reviews the moisture control principles that must be followed for a successful insulated retrofit of a solid load-bearing masonry wall. Two possible approaches to retrofitting such walls are presented and compared.
The Moisture Balance
The primary concern with insulating older load bearing masonry buildings in cold climates is the possibility of causing freeze-thaw damage of the brickwork and decay in any embedded wood structure. Both concerns are related to excess moisture content and hence a review of moisture in building enclosures is appropriate.
For a moisture-related problem to occur, at least five conditions must be satisfied:
a moisture source must be available,
there must be a route or means for this moisture to travel,
there must be some driving force to cause moisture movement,
the material(s) involved must be susceptible to moisture damage, and
the moisture content must exceed the material's safe moisture content for a sufficient length of time.
To avoid a moisture problem one could, in theory, choose to eliminate any one of the conditions listed above. In reality, it is practically impossible to remove all moisture sources, to build walls with no imperfections, or to remove all forces driving moisture movement. It is also not economical to use only those materials that are not susceptible to moisture damage. Therefore, in practice, it is common to address two or more of these prerequisites so as to reduce the probability of exceeding the safe moisture content and the amount of time the moisture content is exceeded.
All enclosure design requires a balance of wetting and drying (Figure 1). Since wetting occurs at different times than drying, storage bridges the time between wetting and drying. If a balance between wetting and drying is maintained, moisture will not accumulate over time, the safe moisture content will not be exceeded, and moisture-related problems are unlikely. The storage capacity and the extent and duration of wetting and drying must, however, always be considered when assessing the risk of moisture damage.
Figure 1: The moisture balance analogy.
The four major sources of moisture for the above-grade building enclosure are (Figure 2):
precipitation, especially driving rain,
water vapor in the air transported by diffusion and/or air movement through the wall (from either the interior or exterior),
built-in and stored moisture, and
liquid and bound ground water.
Figure 2: Moisture sources and mechanisms for an arbitrary enclosure wall.
An assembly's drying potential is an important factor in assessing its vulnerability to moisture problems. Moisture is usually removed from an enclosure assembly by (Figure 3):
evaporation of water transported by capillary suction through microscopic pores to the inside or outside surfaces;
vapor transport by diffusion (through microscopic pores), air leakage (through cracks and holes), or both, either outward or inward;
drainage through small cracks and openings, driven by gravity; and
ventilation (ventilation drying), the intentional flow of air behind the cladding.
Why Retrofit Load-Bearing Masonry Walls
The enclosure walls of many older buildings are comprised of several wythes of interlocking masonry, cement, lime or cement-lime mortar (the latter is the most common in buildings built between the last part of the 19th century through the middle of the 20th century). The interior may be exposed masonry but is often completed with parging, wood lath, and plaster. In institutional buildings, particularly those built later in the period, one or more wythes of hollow clay or terracotta tile may be added to the interior and finished with plaster. The hollow inner wythes provided both increased insulation as well as space to run plumbing services.
Load bearing brick masonry buildings have the potential for long term durability – it is for this reason that many still exist and are available for renovation and conversion after service lives of well over 50 years. However, the realities of escalating energy costs, increasing standards for human comfort, and the unacceptability of environmental damage due to excessive space conditioning energy losses means that modern renovations should incorporate means of reducing heat flow across the enclosure.
Figure 3: Moisture removal mechanisms.
Historic load bearing brickwork has a wide variety of thermal properties, but common moderate density brickwork (80 to 110 pcf) can be assumed to provide an R-value of from R-0.25 to R-0.33 per inch. Higher density brick (over 125 pcf) has a lower thermal resistance, about 0.15/inch. Hence, a three wythe (12") thick wall, provides an R-value of between 3 and 4 plus surface heat transfer coefficients ("air films") of another R-1. If the masonry becomes wet, the R-value drops. This level of insulation is too low for most practical purposes and can even lead to condensation problems if interior humidity levels are kept too high. This is especially the case if a buildings use is changed to a museum or gallery space. Even changing a warehouse to a loft apartment, however, changes the interior conditions sufficiently to cause a problem. Hence, for many reasons, the decision is often made to add insulation to the walls during conversion and renovations, as it is possible with the least disruption at this time.
To ensure that the goals of comfort, energy-efficiency, and durability are met, windows and roofs must also be included in the building retrofit strategy. Major improvements in the performance of these two building enclosure components can significantly enhance the overall building performance.
In many cases, the addition of thermal insulation, the reduction in air leakage, and high performance windows not only reduces energy consumption, improves comfort, and avoids interior surface condensation, it also allows smaller, less architecturally intrusive and less expensive HVAC systems be installed.
The Potential for Moisture Problems in Retrofits
Renovating any wall can disrupt the moisture balance and cases exist in which this disruption has resulted in damage or performance problems. The damage mechanisms of concern are primarily freeze-thaw and salt subfluorescence. Both of these mechanisms are only a problem in cold weather, and the most dangerous one, freeze-thaw, can only occur at temperatures well below freezing while the brickwork is essentially saturated. To avoid moisture related damage, the balance should be explicitly considered during the retrofit design process.
The addition of the insulation to the interior of a load-bearing masonry wall will lower the temperature gradient across the masonry, and reduce the difference in temperature between the masonry and the exterior air. Both of these changes reduce the drying capacity of the masonry (in particular, the diffusion drying capacity through the masonry is reduced, and the surface evaporation can be slowed.) However, capillary flow is by far the most powerful moisture redistribution mechanism and it is essentially unaffected by insulation.
Water that wicks to the interior face of the now colder insulated interior face of the masonry can still evaporate from this surface to the interior through the interior insulation and finishes during warmer weather.
Since the reduced drying capacity could result in higher moisture contents (not necessarily unsafe levels, but one often does not know the safe level with any precision) it would be prudent to also simultaneously reduce the wetting of the wall (ideally, by an equivalent or greater amount) to restore the moisture balance. Hence, an interior insulation retrofit of a masonry building requires a careful assessment of wetting mechanisms.
Wetting Mechanisms and Their Control
Wetting, as described above, can occur from rain wetting, snow melting, air leakage condensation and vapor diffusion condensation. All need to be considered.
The largest and most intense wetting that an existing building tends to receive is that of driving rain deposition and concentration. The locations which have the highest intensity of wetting (often in the range of 10 to 100 gallons per square foot per year in the Northeastern part of North America) are the bottom corners of window openings (since windows drain and concentrate water on the lower corners) and at grade (if drainage details are not properly provided for). The control of surface rain water flow is the most critical aspect of controlling the moisture content of the masonry. Hence, reducing the wetting at these locations by the provision of projecting window sills and base drainage can often reduce wetting of the most critical areas far more than the reduction in drying caused by insulating.
The role of overhangs (even projections of 1" make a material difference to wetting), belt courses, and projecting drips edges along window sills and pilaster tops cannot be underestimated.
The addition of insulation also adds the potential for a new wetting mechanism – condensation due to air leakage. Since any insulation or new interior finishes will reduce the temperature of the interior face of the masonry in winter, any interior air that contacts this face could condense. Given sufficient air leakage and sufficiently high indoor relative humidity this condensate can accumulate faster than it can dry, and the interior face of the masonry will become saturated. To control this damage mechanism, an airtight layer to the interior of the insulation should be provided.
Finally, insulating masonry on the interior can increase the potential for diffusion-driven condensation wetting. Some vapor diffusion control is needed if both highly vapor permeable insulation is used and the interior space humidity rises too high during cold weather (above about 30% to 40% RH in cold climates). In most cases, however, the commonly specified vapor diffusion barrier of under 1 US perm is not needed. In fact, low permeance interior finishes and barriers can be detrimental to the performance as such vapor barriers resists or eliminate the potential for inward drying.
The required control of vapor diffusion wetting can usually be provided by typical latex paint, semi-permeable insulation products, and other similar materials. In general, the optimal level of vapor control required can be easily calculated for specific building exposures and climates using dynamic one-dimensional hygrothermal analysis methods. (We have found that the most accurate and appropriate tool is often WUFI).
Problematic Retrofit Strategies
A common scheme involves drywall on a steel stud wall filled with batt insulation (Figure 5). A small (from 1/2" to up to a 2") air gap, may be intentionally installed on the inside of the existing masonry wall or one can form because of the dimensional variations implicit in existing buildings. The drywall finish often acts as the air barrier in this situation, and either paint, kraft facings, polyethylene sheet or aluminum foil backing acts as a vapor control layer. (Note that multi-wythe masonry is usually quite air permeable and is not in itself sufficient as an air control layer). There are numerous serious problems with this approach.
First, there is a high likelihood of condensation and mold growth in the wall. As can be seen from Figure 6, if the interior conditions vary between 68 F/25%RH and 71 F/30%RH, the dewpoint temperature will vary between 32 and 40 F. Hence, when the back of the masonry drops below these temperatures (which are likely during cold weather) condensation would occur if airflow behind the masonry were to occur. If higher interior humidities and colder outdoor temperatures are experienced, serious condensation is likely with even very small leaks past the drywall air barrier. Compounding this concern is the common propensity of pressurizing such buildings. This practice is intended to prevent comfort problems due to drafts through uncontrolled air leaks, but it also ensures that air will leak outward in sufficient volumes to cause damaging quantities of condensation on the back of the cold insulated masonry.
If steel studs are used, this approach will not provide insulation to the desired level. Steel studs are thermal bridges, and in the scenario given, are theoretically capable of providing only about R6. In practice, installing batt between studs with no backing is very difficult, and it is almost certain that the batts will not be properly installed. Finally, air may loop within the insulation via the air gap between the masonry and the batt reducing the R-value even further.
Hence, this scheme suffers from a number of limitations – it does not provide a reasonable level of insulation, it increases winter time wetting during the coldest weather (the same period during which there is a risk of freeze-thaw damage) and creates a mold and indoor air quality risk. Given the serious limitations and the questionable benefits of this scheme, it cannot be recommended for any interior insulation retrofits.
Semi-Permeable Foam Insulation
A more successful approach involves spraying an airtight insulating foam directly to the back of the existing masonry (Figure 7). The interior finishes must all have high vapor permeance or be back-vented. This retrofit has the advantage that all air leakage condensation is strictly controlled, and it is the most practical approach to achieving high levels of airtightness in existing buildings. The use of spray foam also acts as a moisture barrier, and any small amount of incidental rain penetration will be localized and controlled. Hence, interior finishes will be protected, water will not run down and collect at floor penetrations. Water that is absorbed into the masonry can wick to the outside (where is will evaporate and diffuse into the exterior air) or wick to the inside, where it will diffuse through the semi-permeable spray foam and interior finishes.
The application of 2-to-4" of foam after a steel stud wall has been installed is straightforward. The empty studs space is ideal for distribution of services and allows the easy application of a drywall finish. It is best to keep the steel studs more than 1" back from the wall (2" is recommended) to allow foam to adhere to the masonry at all spots and to control thermal bridging and the moisture nanoclimate experienced by the outer flange of the studs.
The use of this approach raises the question of the choice of interior vapor permeance for the foam. In general the interior layers should be chosen to have the highest vapor permeance possible while also avoiding wintertime diffusion condensation wetting. This strategy provides the highest level of inward drying during warmer weather. High-density closed cell polyurethane foam is generally a good solution for thinner applications (2" of closed-cell 2 pcf polyurethane foam has a permeance of about 1 perm and a thermal resistance of over R12), but open-celled semi-permeable foams (5" has a permeance of about 13 perms and a thermal resistance of almost R20) can be a good choice for larger thickness if the interior is kept at a low humidity during winter and the outdoor temperature is not too cold. Hygrothermal simulation can be used to identify the proper materials for a particular application.
In many cases rigid foam board insulation of various types has been used as the interior retrofit. For thin layers of insulation, a semi-permeable foam such as extruded polystyrene or unfaced polyisocyanurate can be used, but for thicker later the more permeable expanded polystyrene board are preferred. This method has been used successfully, but is far more difficult to build as it requires great care in ensuring that the board is firmly in contact with the masonry (any gaps may allow convective loops to transport moisture and heat) and that a complete air barrier is formed. A liquid-applied, highly vapor-permeable air and water barrier should be applied to the back of the masonry. This prevents any localized water leakage from penetrating and collecting at floor penetrations. The coating also acts as the primary air barrier, while being vapor permeable to allow water vapor to move in either direction. The foam boards should be attached with serpentine patterns of adhesive. An interior air flow retarder, perhaps in the form of taped and sealed joints, is also required to prevent interior air from contacting the cold masonry.
The University of Waterloo School of Architecture building in Cambridge, Ontario was insulated in part with rigid foam board insulation on the interior.
Addressing Structural Penetrations
The floor structure inevitably penetrates into, and rests on the masonry walls in these buildings. Occasionally this occurs at pilasters, but it is more common for either large wood beams or concrete slabs to transfer the floor loads to the walls. When the structural connection is via concrete slabs, the there are no real durability concerns. However, the conductive concrete can cause sufficient heat loss to make the interior surfaces of the concrete cold. Depending on the interior finishes, the exterior temperature, and the interior relative humidity, surface condensation may become a problem. There are a number of solutions if thermal bridging becomes a problem, including topical and targeted application of heat and/or reduction in interior humidity as well as insulation strategies. Two-dimensional heat flow analysis is an invaluable tool for assessing the impact of surface temperatures and heat flow.
The most challenging scenario is one in which wood beams penetrate the new interior finish and rest in pockets within the masonry. The goal must be to reduce all air leakage which carries moisture into this cold beam pocket. Providing ventilation to this space is almost certain to cause condensation, not avoid it. However, it is desirable to allow some small amount of heat to flow into this space, as this will drying the wood relative to the colder (as it is better insulated) masonry around it. If the beams are as infrequently spaced as 6 or 8 feet then the approach shown in Figure 7 is recommended – that is, air seal caulking and foam is provided around the beam and thinner interior foam would be used at this location. In some cases, small heat sources can be provided in the beam pockets via highly conductive metal wedges driven alongside the beams.
Alternative Methods
The use of semi-permeable foam insulation in contact with the back of the existing masonry is the most common successful strategy for interior insulation retrofits. The use of air and vapor-permeable batt or semi-rigid insulation is our experience and analysis a risky solution that cannot be recommended.
In some cases the masonry is sufficiently damaged that rain penetration can be expected. If exterior repairs and re-pointing cannot control this type of rain leakage, a drainage space may be necessary behind the load-bearing masonry. Forming a drainage gap and installing a drainage plane is not difficult, but achieving the required, and critical, flashing details can be a formidable challenge (particularly around structural floor penetrations). If this approach is taken, is still necessary to provide very good airtightness.
For applications that require a high (over about 40%) relative humidity during the winter, it may be necessary to control airflow by pressurizing the space between the insulation and the interior finish with low humidity air. This allows for thinner layers of insulation to be applied (as the airflow ensures that the interior finishes are at interior temperature regardless of the heat flow through the wall). As the air next to the insulation layer is very dry, it allows highly vapor permeable open-cell foam to be chosen and encourages evaporative drying to the interior. The most common choice of air supply for this application is the exterior air, heated to interior temperatures. This method of interior retrofit is the most complex, the most expensive, and the most energy intensive. However, it is chosen on occasion because it also allows the most inward drying and changes the moisture balance the least of all options.
Insulating load bearing masonry buildings on the interior in a cold climate is usually required to meet human comfort requirements, environmental goals, and cost targets. Many such interior retrofits have already been successfully completed in cold climates by the use of a continuous insulation level combined with attention to airtightening and exterior rain shedding details.
The use of semi-permeable foam insulation in contact with the back of the existing masonry is the most common successful strategy for interior insulation retrofits with a track record of success. This method also has the advantage of being one of the most practical to achieve under field conditions. The use of air and vapor-permeable batt or semi-rigid insulation is our experience and analysis a risky solution that cannot be recommended.
To ensure that the goals of comfort, energy-efficiency, and durability are met, windows and roofs must also be included in the building retrofit strategy. Major improvements in the performance of these two building enclosure components can significantly enhance the overall building performance.
To further reduce the likelihood of moisture problems in the building enclosure, the mechanical systems should be designed and commissioned to avoid any positive pressurization of the building. Humidity also needs to be controlled, particularly in cold weather.
©2007 buildingscience.com
Building Science Digests are information articles intended for professionals. The author and the publisher of this article have used their best efforts to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. The author and publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to the information contained in this article.
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BA-1202: Byggmeister Test Home—Cold Climate Multifamily Masonry Building Condition Assessment and Retrofit Analysis
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I'm an outspoken atheist, but I also try my hardest to be respectful of those that are religious. But there comes a problem. Here's an example of my dillema.
Me: "Hey there, how are you?"
Friend: "Doing just fine, how are you?"
Me: "Oh, doing okay...I have a (insert big life event here that might not turn out well)
Friend: "Really? I will pray for you..."
How do I politely tell them not to waste their time? It kind of grates on my nerves when people just say they'll pray for me. But I know they are doing it because they are concerned, but why can't they show it in other ways? How do you guys deal with this? Do you just let it go or is there some script that I can follow?
Views: 840
Like! Companionship, laughter, hugs are all helpful and healing, and are more practical than prayer.
However, I'm starting to see prayer as more like meditation. And if someone keeps you in their thoughts, aren't they more likely to check up on you and ask how things are doing? I'm still a new atheist/agnostic and in my family (as delusional as they can be) the prayer chain usually turns into a group of women cooking and cleaning to help the person being prayed for, so I never paid it any mind.
I've come across people who are deeply relational and very emotional in their disposition. So for a person like that, it can be rather hard to simply get over something. Especially a wife who has lost her husband of 30 years. Sometimes our reason simply can't explain away the hurt and pain. Yes family is very important in the healing process, but you eventually one has to return home to an empty bed. Then all of a sudden these feelings sneak up on you in the dark.
I pretty much just thank them for the sentiment, and ignore that fact that "I'll pray for you" is basically BS for "I'm too busy/disinterested/lazy to actually do anything to help you myself" Honestly, I understand your problem. It is incredibly annoying to have people say "Thank God" this and "Thank God that"...I got dragged into a Mission trip by my Lutheran Mother and Baptist Father one summer. Now all and all, the week was a good experience. I was working with a group to re-roof a retired couple's trailer. I enjoyed the work, and I felt good about it. What was difficult was having to grin and bear the long praying before and after work, and before meals, and the big preachy sermon things that came about intermittently while we were at "The Compound" as I called it (was really an old school with the rooms turned into bunk rooms...there were like sixty other churches there). What's funny is that that trip sort of set my atheism in stone, so to speak. When you're surrounded by people who honestly believe the myth, you have to decide if you're going to bear the annoyance, or irritate and possibly hurt the people you love.
There seems to be this silly idea that Theists and Atheists HAVE to be at odds with each other. All you need to do is accept that nothing you do will change them: THEY have to decide whether or not to stop living the lie. Until then, you just have to suffer through the "prayers".
I would say OK or that is nice, really awkwardly so that they hopefully get that i was being sarcastic.

subset: commoncrawl


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Let's hear it for rock nerds everywhere.
That's right — the people who still carry around the LP version of Rush's "2112" because they find the lyrics mesmerizing are celebrating today, with good reason. The Canadian prog-rock trio finally has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, much to the delight of thousands of fans who have been lobbying for years.
Good. The band deserves it — even if it's hard to fathom why the group is in now, when Rock Hall voters had previously deemed it unworthy. Then again, the voting criteria for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame is confusing. Even defining what kind of music is eligible can be confusing to some.
We recently did a bracket-style vote asking readers which acts they think should be inducted into the hall. When I was posting results after each round of voting on social media sites, I would see lots of comments about whether or not an act qualifies as "rock 'n' roll."
All about the blues
My response was typically this: Every type of subgenre, from disco to heavy metal, contains traces of rock 'n' roll. Beyond that, it all comes from the same place: R&B. If there were no Muddy Waters, there would be no Rolling Stones. If Big Mama Thornton didn't exist, Elvis Presley wouldn't exist. If Elvis didn't exist, we might not have the Beatles, and so on.
That, to me, is the easy part. What's confusing is the set of qualifications a band or musician must possess to get into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Is it about having a certain amount of influence? Is it about being great players? Is it about having hit songs? Is it about a band's effect on popular music? All are no doubt considered, and should be.
My concern is whether members of the nominating panel allow their biases to intrude on the process. For example, it's hard to argue the effect Kiss has had on the concepts of marketing rock music and on staging a flamboyant live show, despite widely varying opinions about how good the band is. Yet nearly 40 years after the band released its first record, Kiss isn't in the hall. It's obviously difficult for rock snobs to acknowledge certain things. That includes, up until this year, rock 'n' roll nerddom.
Breaking ground
I think a big hurdle has been cleared with the induction of Rush, which has never had a true hit single, yet has stayed afloat for four decades, thanks to legions of fans who keep buying the band's albums and flocking to its shows. Rush fans are the rock equivalent of Trekkies — loyal supporters who are often mocked, but capable of keeping their favorite artists afloat for decades.
So this year's induction of Rush is like a rock 'n' roll version of "Revenge of the Nerds."
The guys in Rush are smart. They've written progressive music that, unlike most prog rock, has been heavy enough at times (at least their first decade or so) to pull in the hard rock crowd. They're incredible players. Their music resonates with people who, like me, grew up with their records sandwiched on turntables between Van Halen and AC/DC. "Moving Pictures" (1981) was a bellwether release for a generation of guitar rock lovers who can still look back and not regret all their musical choices.
They don't write hit singles and never have. They haven't been Rolling Stone cover darlings. MTV didn't make or break them. They are like dinosaurs from the LP age who still roam the Earth in the age of singles. Despite a semi-irritating spell when they grew a bit too enamored of keyboards, Rush is one of the few bands that never strayed too far from its roots. For that, many of us are grateful. The band's induction into the Rock Hall is a welcome nod to those who still value good music over modern window dressing.


text:
I installed 11.10 this morning, and all seemed fine - slightly transparent windows and all. I installed it 'over the top' of 11.04 - that is, not through the update dialogue, and it worked fine.
I decided to make my launcher icons smaller, so opened CCSM, and clicked the second choice down in the left hand pane (didn't alter any settings) and it crashed completely. I had to hold the power button, and when I restarted it, all I have visible anywhere is a File Edit View menu across the top, and my Spotify icon on the desktop. Nothing to log in, log out, nothing visible anywhere, no application menu, no launcher, nothing.
I'm at a loss as to what to try. I can open a terminal, but I have tried (perhaps incorrectly) to close and restart both Nautilus and Unity, and neither did anything (assuming I was doing it right)
Any thoughts, or shall I reinstall?


text:
Classic Silver Banqueting Chair
Classic Silver Banqueting Chair
A massive thank you for providing an amazing and unique tent for our wedding. We were both so glad we went with the stretch tent for something a bit different and we couldn't have been more pleased! All of our guests said how fabulous it looked! A big thank you also to everyone at Morton's for helping and answering all of our questions in the run up to our big day. I definitely feel I know more about luxury toilets and generators! We would recommend Morton's to anyone planning a wedding and wanting a tent which is a little different.
We were delighted with the marquee supplied by Morton's Events.
Our guests were bowled over by the interlinking hexagonal "pods" (as we called them) and all commented on how special it made the wedding breakfast seem. We managed to accomodate 170 guests in plentiful space while making it seem intimate and cosy.
Mortons' staff were incredibly helpful,flexible and obliging and decorated the marquee beautifully,with fairy lights and a fabulous starcloth ceiling over the dance "pod".
Together with table decorations designed by my daughter,the effect created was magical,or as one guest put it "breathtaking."
We would unhesitatingly advise any family contemplating a wedding in a marquee to opt for Morton's.
Morton's were professional, accurate, knowledgable and nothing seemed a problem.
The pods lend themselves in any situation and function and looked far better than we had both dreamed of.
Thank you Simon for making our day go without a hitch and for all your hard work and for what seemed like ours was the only function that year!
We had Mortons marques for our daughters wedding. With 200 guests we had 5 pods, a 5×5 square for the bar area and another as the entrance.
The seating for the guests wrapped round the dance floor giving a wonderful view to all and creating a great atmosphere. Mortons were so helpful always at the end of the phone and the whole day and all preparations went to plan. We would definitely use them again.


text: NOTICE OF MEETING A regular meeting of the San Francisco Public Library Commission will be held as follows: Date: Thursday, January 20, 2005 Time: 4:00 p.m. Place: Koret Auditorium, Main Library, lower level The meeting will be called to order. 1. PUBLIC COMMENT (This item is to allow members of the public to comment generally on matters within the Commission's purview as well as to suggest new agenda items for the Library Commission's consideration.) 2. APPROVAL OF THE MINUTES - ACTION Presentation of, discussion of, and possible action to approve the Minutes of the regular Commission meeting December 16, 2004. Explanatory document: Minutes 3. BOND PROGRAM MANAGER'S REPORT - DISCUSSION (This is a discussion item to allow the Branch Library Bond Program Manager to report on recent bond program related activities and make announcements.) This report will consist of an informational presentation: none; regular reports: program budget, schedule, and construction reports; active projects; and community outreach; and special reports: none. Explanatory documents: Current Budget Report and Branch Library Summary Schedules 4. EUREKA VALLEY-HARVEY MILK MEMORIAL BRANCH - ACTION Presentation of, and discussion of, and possible action to confirm current scope and schedule for Eureka Valley-Harvey Milk Memorial Branch Library renovation, to suspend renovation plans, or to amend the scope, budget, and/or schedule to add a museum/research center as proposed by the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender Historical Society of Northern California. 5. 2005/06 BUDGET UPDATE - DISCUSSION Presentation on and discussion of Library 2005-06 Budget issues. 6. ADJOURNMENT - ACTION (requires motion and public comment) 1/13/04 - M. Housh, Commission Secretary Explanatory documents: Copies of listed explanatory documents are available as follows: (1) from the Commission Secretary/Custodian of Records, Main Library, 6th Floor, (2) in the rear of the Koret Auditorium immediately before and during the meeting, and (3)to the extent possible, on the Library's website at http://sfpl.org/. Additional materials not listed as explanatory documents on this agenda, if any, that are distributed to the Library Commissioners prior to or during the meeting in connection with any agenda item will be available to the public for inspection and copying in accordance with Government Code Section 54954.1 and Sunshine Ordinance §§ 67.9, 67.28(b)& 67.28(d).


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A unique political center of Brazil, the country's capital is noted for its modernist architecture and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city is divided into blocks and specialist sectors, such as the hotel sector and banking sector. Sports fans will be at home with motorsports, football, and basketball, and active expats can take to the sweeping national parks, running clubs, and nearby hiking trails. Shoppers are spoiled for choice with several large malls, and those wanting an authentic Brazilian experience will be sure to attend Brazil's most famous party — carnival. A large and busy city, Brasilia's career opportunities are wide and varying; banking, communications, IT, and food production are all thriving industries. The largest employer in the city is the government, reflecting Brasilia's status as a political center with 124 embassies also present. Coffee and various foods are important exports and retail is also a prominent industry, with several large shopping centers.
InterNations is the largest global network for expatriates, with communities in 420 cities across the globe. Get to know fellow internationals in your city, before you're moving, or when traveling somewhere and never feel like a stranger. InterNations makes it easy for you to stay in touch with your expat friends, both online and offline, so you can grow your network of friends and contacts from all over the world. Whether they live in Bangkok or Bali, InterNations allows you to be close to them even if they are miles away.
Make new friends in Brasilia by attending our events; regular get-togethers encourage our expats to meet and socialize in a safe environment. Find like-minded new friends when you join one of our groups; music, museums, the outdoors, and sports are just a selection of the activities to enjoy. With InterNations you can make social contacts from all over the world while building a fulfilling new life in Brasilia.


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If my Vodafone Sensation is anything to go by......
They are working out how to cram a shedload of uninstallable shitty foistware onto the thing.
Confirmation - if it was really needed - that Vodafone was holding back the Samsung Galaxy Nexus because of the infamous volume drop glitch: the day after Google and Samsung fix the bug, Vodafone starts selling the Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich handset. The operator is offering the dual-core smartphone free on a £41-a-month …
The plan they are offering it on is, frankly, sh*te! I use anywhere from 1 -3+ Gb per month on everything from Facebook, twitter, Skype and browsing to tethering. How much extra is it to tether? Voda are taking the p*ss. The same phone is already on sale through 3 and the package is way better. No restrictions on tethering for a start. I hope it burns them and anyone stupid enough to go with them.
Oh, I don't work for 3 by the way, nor am I sponsored. I do use the service, sim free one plan, and do accept they have customer service issues but for what you pay you get so much more. It's all about a well put together cost/benefit analysis in these straightened times.
They are also offering 2GB over BT Openzone too with the tarrif, and the phone can of course use Wifi when available, when @work, @Home @starbucks when writing a novel on your imac. (ignore that last one lol, just being cynical)
£15pm for 2GB data otherwise.
They are also promoting their "3months all you can eat" for date at the mo, so you can at least take the piss with that before you decide on how much data you need.
I just ordered the Galaxy Note, was going to go with the Nexus but I see Samsung are gonna patch it to ICS next year so went with the bigger format. Funnly enough, I didn't go with Vodafone, I went with orange who are offering the same deal with a few more minutes talk time and 1GB a month + Some BT Openzone chucked in.. Shame really, I do prefer Vodafone for data due to coverage (not just UK). but wth.
When checking all packages with the latest Samsung phones, NONE of the major players will give you more than 1GB data... so not really anthing to complain about.... Vodafone are offering 750Mb/+2GB BTOpenzone for the same £41 with the free handset.


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Riding GAP
All eligible GAP riders traveling in the fixed route service area during fixed route hours must pay a fare. Only a Personal Care Attendant (PCA) traveling with an ADA certified rider may travel free of charge. Fares for GAP are twice the fare for the same trip on Greenlink's fixed route bus (amount shown below). Drivers cannot make change. Please have the exact fare ready in cash or check. You may also purchase a 10-trip booklet through the GAP office.
GAP Fare - $3.00 each way
Riders traveling in the trolley route service area during trolley hours may ride GAP at no charge.
Pickup & Drop Off
You may expect to be picked up within a 30-minute "window" of your scheduled pickup time. You should be ready to board the vehicle at the beginning of your "Pickup Window," which is 15 minutes before and 15 minutes after your pickup time.
A paratransit vehicle arriving any time within the pickup window will wait up to five (5) minutes for the passenger. It is important to remember that buses arriving within 15 minutes before or 15 minutes after the scheduled pickup time are considered on time and within the time window. Should a vehicle arrive early (before the 30 minute pickup window), you are not required to board until 15 minutes before the scheduled time (at the beginning of the pickup window).
You will not be considered a "no-show" if you refuse a ride that arrives later than the 30-minute window.
Boarding with a Mobility Device
All GAP vehicles are equipped with passenger lifts that meet ADA specifications. Lifts will only accommodate mobility devices such as wheelchairs and three-wheel scooters up to 48" by 30" with a total weight up to 800 pounds, including the passenger. Mobility devices that exceed these standards may not be transported.
- If you need a passenger lift to board a vehicle, the driver will assist you. All drivers are trained to operate the lift.
- If needed, you may also board the vehicle while standing on the lift.
- For your safety, please make sure your wheelchair or other mobility device is maintained in accordance with manufacturer's specifications.
Transporting Packages
Because the vehicle will be shared, riders should limit their parcels to one armload or the equivalent of two grocery bags. Packages must be transported on your lap or under the seat. Drivers must adhere to a schedule and can not assist with packages. For the safety of all riders, you may not transport car batteries, explosives, acids, flammable liquids, or other hazardous materials.
Transporting Life-Support Equipment
You may bring a respirator, portable oxygen, and/or other life-support equipment as long as it does not violate laws or rules related to transportation of hazardous materials and will fit in the paratransit vehicle.
Transporting Children
ADA-eligible children must pay the full fare. Children traveling as companions must pay the full fare. ADA-certified children ages thirteen and over may travel without an accompanying adult only if it can be demonstrated they would be able, if not prevented by their disability, to use public transportation independently. Children ages four and under or children under 40 pounds must be secured in a child safety seat provided by an accompanying adult. Passengers must provide the child safety seat.
Transporting Animals
You may travel with a service animal such as a guide dog or canine companion. You should tell the dispatcher when you reserve trips that you will be traveling with a service animal. Pets and other non-service animals may be transported only in a properly secured cage or container.
Out-of-Area Visitor Riding Privileges
GAP can provide 21 days of service, in a 365-day window, for ADA-certified persons with disabilities who are visiting from outside the Greenville, SC area. Call 864-467-2759 for further information.


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Powering Through
Powering Through
Click here to learn about alternative pricing
9" x 12"
Signed and dated October 2013.
Watercolor and pen. Reprinted (without watermark) using giclée process on acid-free, 100% cotton rag archival paper, with natural finish and archival ink.
With each purchase, we will make a donation in your name and send you information about Talia on a certificate verifying the authenticity of the reprint. When you add an item to your cart, you will be prompted to choose one of the causes below. Click here to learn more about them.
- Ehlers-Danlos Society
- The Talia Goldenberg Award in Studio Art at Carleton College
- Maude Kerns Art Center
Standard shipping within the continental U.S. and Canada is included in the price. Please contact us for international or expedited shipping.
Add To Cart


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Last night we tuned into the Tuscaloosa police scanner to see if any Alabama fans would go on a criminal rampage after the Crimson Tide's Sugar Bowl upset at the hands of Oklahoma. Instead we heard audio of a 'Bama fan family growing increasingly disgusted as the game arrived at its final moments.
We've no clue how this happened, though the best theory is that a sheriff's deputy or firefighter sat down to watch the game in his living room and accidentally opened a broadcast channel on his radio, onto which the scanner locked. Either way, it's amusing. We wish we'd had the chance to listen in on them all game. [ESPN]


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- This event has passed.
Free Informational Workshop – Timonium
April 2 @ 6:30 pm - 8:00 pm
|Recurring Event (See all)
An event every week that begins at 6:30pm on Tuesday, repeating indefinitely
All Ideal Weight Loss informational weight loss workshops are no-obligation and begin at 6:30pm. These free workshops last approximately 90 minutes. Space is limited, please call 410-871-1100 to reserve your seat.


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Taigh necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 163 diseños de 47 diseñadores freelance.
This info can be found on the site... http://phuwakiri.com
The essence of Phuwakiri is the spirit of nature with the focus being the outstanding natural beauty of the mountain that rises elegantly in the foreground, crowned with a canopy of majestic hundred year old trees.
Eight perfect Mountain studios with their own private terraces and stunning views of the mountain. The design has been carefully thought through to ensure that everything compliments the perfection and balance of the natural surroundings. The materials have been selected to blend with the scenery whilst allowing for the latest in practical living. The development also has a sublime swimming pool and communal area set in lush landscaping with calming water features.
This is more of a 'Luxury Mountain Studio' so we're looking to attract people who are looking for a special retreat and understand value.
Attached please find copy of other company logos which should be
similar to what we are looking for.
We want people to know that the property is on the slope of the mountain.
It is beyond the busy city center and in the green area enrich with nature.
If you look at the document attached which has a picture with a 'red circle' showing the location of the 'mountain studios', this should be incorporated into the logo design.
Here is the current website. http://phuwakiri.com/
Please not that the site will be changed, and by no means do you need to stick to this color scheme.
As it shows on the attached document, the logo should have,
Phuket, Thailand
And then http://www.phuketstudios.com
Let me know if you have any questions.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Product Description
"How to Marry a Millionaire" is a 1953 American romantic comedy film starring Marilyn Monroe, Betty Grable, and Lauren Bacall. Marilyn Monroe is a pop and a cultural icon as well as the quintessential American sex symbol and legend, starring in successful films during the 1950s and early 1960s. This Officially Licensed MARILYN MONROE MOVIE SERIES – HOW TO MARRY A MILLIONAIRE coin is a treasured collectible, combining the popularity of cultural icon, Marilyn Monroe, with coin collecting. Here is your chance to own a beautifully colorized JFK Kennedy Half Dollar U.S. Coin. This high-quality genuine Legal Tender U.S. coin has been colorized using a unique painstaking multicolor authentic process. Colorizing coins involves the unique application of special inks directly to the surface of a coin that achieves a level of detail, color saturation, and durability that is #1 in the coin industry. The result is an everlasting colorized coin collectible of ultra-high quality. Each coin comes in a premium coin capsule with a Certificate of Authenticity to guaranty that your coin is authentic and recognized by every monetary authority around the world, assuring its Collector Edition status.


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My name is Andrew Osenga. I'm a 20-year music industry veteran. From artist to producer, major label A&R to session player, I've contributed in almost every area of the business.
It's my passion to help artists make great music, wise decisions, and to build a healthy business foundation.
Besides music I love to read, run and spend time at Young Life camp. I've got an amazing community of friends here in Nashville, where I live with my beautiful wife and our three amazing daughters.


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Nokia Lumia 1020 Pictures
The Lumia 1020 combines the groundbreaking PureView Phase 1 and Phase 2 mobile camera technologies of Nokia for the first time. It matches a big 1/1.5" 41 MP sensor with optical image stabilization tech, and allows 3x lossless zoom without any moving parts in photo, and up to 6x in 720p video mode. The six-element lens ZEISS optics and Nokia's pixel binning technology add to the unrivaled picture and video quality that are more akin to a prosumer camera than to a humble mobile phone. Nokia didn't stop here, though, and equipped the Lumia 1020 with HAAC mics capable of high-fidelity stereo recording, for the ultimate media machine on the go.


text:
Product Description
Health & Safety information sign, No Smoking, this sign should be located in a prominent position at or near each entrance to a smoke free premises, this is a legal requirement in England and Northern Ireland. Signs supplied in various sizes and available in different materials including Vinyl, Dibond, Foamex, Aluminium and Semi-Rigid. The reverse option on the self adhesive vinyl is when the vinyl is being stuck inside a window to read from the outside. Fixings (and screw holes) are not included, unless otherwise stated but can be purchased separately
Additional Information
Additional Information
|Product Code
|Approx. Height (mm)
|Approx. Width (mm)
|Approx. Depth (mm)
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|Data Sheet
|Data Sheet Not Available
Product's Review
Why Buy From Us?
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text:
Bayeux, the capital of the Bessin region is famous all over the world for the Bayeux Tapestry, a XIth century linen hanging, embroided with various colored wools.
The capital of Normandy, Rouen is one of the country's most ancient cities, with 2,000 years of history, laid out by the Duke of Normandy in 911.
Mont Saint Michel is a small rocky island in Normandy, on the north coast of France, near the border of Brittany and Normandy.
Deauville has been founded it as an upscale resort in 1859 by the duc de Morny, Napoléon III's half-brother.
Suggested Itineraries in:
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text:
First-aid skills
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
Revision as of 18:16, April 25, 2009 by Milominderbinder2 (Talk | contribs)
Cub Scouts, Boy Scouts, Varsity Scouts, and Ventures!
Dozens of video links show you how to do key skills.
Here are the first aid resources you need for over 40 ranks and badges. ► Videos show you key skills.


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Georgia man, 69, accused of fatally shooting 22-year-old who drove into wrong driveway
(CBS/AP) LILBURN, Ga. - A 69-year-old suburban Atlanta man faces a murder charge after authorities say he shot and killed a 22-year-old man who had mistakenly driven into his driveway.
An arrest warrant states that Rodrigo Abad Diaz of Duluth, Ga., was fatally shot in the head Saturday as he tried to drive away from Phillip Sailors' home in Lilburn, northeast of Atlanta.
According to Diaz's friends, who were in the vehicle at the time of the incident, the 22-year-old had received incorrect directions from a GPS device which led him to Sailors' driveway, the Atlantic Journal-Constitution reports. They were in the area to pick up a friend.
Sailors' attorney, Michael Puglise, tells The Atlanta Journal-Constitution that he was home with his wife late at night, and assumed the young man arrived to commit a home invasion. Puglise says Sailors was defending his home and maintains his innocence.
Gwinnett County Jail records show that Sailors was being held on a murder charge.


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About Ken
Justice Bryer is not the Supreme Court and is on the dissenting side more often than not.
If copyright infringement was garden variety theft then it would fall under the criminal code. It does not until it reaches an enterprise level. Even the law does not meet your definition of theft.
DOWLING v. UNITED STATES, 473 U.S. 207 (1985)
DOWLING v. UNITED STATES
It follows that interference with copyright does not easily equate with theft, conversion, or fraud. The Copyright Act even employs a separate term of art to define one who misappropriates a copyright: "`Anyone who violates any of the exclusive rights of the copyright owner,' that is, anyone who trespasses into his exclusive domain by using or authorizing the use of the copyrighted work in one of the five ways set forth in the statute, `is an infringer of the copyright.' [17 U.S.C.] 501(a)." Sony Corp., supra, at 433. There is no dispute in this case that Dowling's unauthorized inclusion on his bootleg albums of performances of copyrighted compositions constituted infringement of those copyrights. It is less clear, however, that the taking that occurs when an infringer arrogates the use of another's protected work comfortably fits the terms associated with physical removal employed by 2314. The infringer invades a statutorily defined province guaranteed to the copyright holder alone. But he does not assume physical control over the copyright; nor does he wholly deprive its owner of its use. While one may colloquially link infringement with some general notion of wrongful [473 U.S. 207, 218] appropriation, infringement plainly implicates a more complex set of property interests than does run-of-the-mill theft, conversion, or fraud.
RIAA and others like to call copyright infringement "theft" however the Supreme Court on more than one occasion has said it is not theft. It is no more theft than another company competing against another. You could say two companies selling the same product is stealing from the other but that is the nature of competition. The only difference is what the government considers authorized and unauthorized competition.
It is interesting how some argue that we have copyrights because artists DESERVE to be paid for their work. That is nonsense. Is copyright some kind of entitlement program for artists?
No one in a business venture deserves anything. They must work to build a market for their creations. A market has two components supply and demand. Demand also has two components and that is how many people want the product and at what price they are willing to pay. For example if there is a high demand for your product but your price is very high then even though there is a high demand the actual market will be very low because only a few will be willing to pay that price.
The Internet has created a dilemma in normal market forces of supply and demand. Normally in a real market when something is scarce it adds value to it especially when there is a large demand however the internet has made supply equal to demand, there will always be a download for every person that wants it. There is no scarcity which is always going to lower prices and will even tend to zero if that is where the market sets it.
Copyrighters decry piracy but piracy is in fact a market unto itself. This market is actually separate from the copyrighter's market. Copyrighters claim they are losing billions to unauthorized copying but are they really? I would suggest no, because their market and the pirate market, for the most part, are separate and have very little overlap. People who buy or take bootlegs will not buy the legitimate item even if the bootleg was not available. On the flip side those that are willing to pay the asking price for the product are not the ones buying bootlegs. So even if the movie or music or software or what ever industry was to completely stomp out all illegal forms of distribution they will not see a significant increase in their revenues because the market for the bootleg items was never theirs and never will be.
I used to have a lot of respect for Rupert Murdock but not any more. He is an IP Maximilist that tried to force the IPM agenda through his publications. It did not work and now the Times of London has lost almost all its readers, influence, and relevance. Even the dead tree addition has suffered. Murdock does not do well with the Internet because he hates the very idea of it.
Don't put the artists into this. It is not the artists that are suing, except some our suing their labels. It is the organizations like the RIAA who couldn't create anything out of a paper bag that are doing the suing.
Creators of works and copyright holders are increasingly becoming two different things. No one faults creators of works for being protective of their creations but when the copyright holder and the creator are separated it completely defeats the purpose of copyrights being an incentive to create. It may be time to make copyrights no longer a commodity that can be sold and assigned but a right like freedom of speech which only applies to the originator.
They are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Judge Beryl Howell was appointed by Obama and only confirmed in December. A Federal Judge is a lifetime position and they can only be removed by impeachment.
I have created a Facebook group calling for the investigation and possible impeachment of Judge Howell for her blatant conflict of interest. The fact that no other judge has sided with her position shows how out of step her ruling was and the fact she is so conflicted with her past of working for both the RIAA and a copyright trolling law firm proves she is unfit for the bench.
This is just like artists not receiving money from RIAA lawsuits. If copyright holders have proven anything is they are a brood of selfish bastards.
Even though counterfeit products are bad and it shouldn't be done and those doing the counterfeiting should be prosecuted the actual costs associated with counterfeiting products is grossly overstated.
Producers assume that whenever a counterfeit product is made and sole that it accounts for money out of their pockets. In a very small percentage this might be true however very few people who buy counterfeited products did so in lue of buying the genuine article. Most people who buy genuine products will not buy counterfeit items and the inverse most people who buy counterfeit do not by the real product even if there was no counterfeit so the actual cost of counterfeiting is actually very low.
The real costs of counterfeiting is actually the crime that generally goes along with it which is born by society, not the copyright holder.
Copyright holders are by far the most protected class in the nation. Cross them and you will receive penalties so onerous and is reminiscent of indentured servitude.
Copyright laws are unconstitutional in so many levels and neither party nor judges are willing to face that. $140,000 for posting an image on a blog is a crime against humanity. Copyrights are being allowed to trump our most cherished rights such as freedom of speech. Our Constitution gives very little weight to copyrights and mainly because of the social benefit but laws have made copyrights king and it is destroying those rights we hold dear.
IP Maximalism is a threat to our liberty, a threat to our freedom, and a threat to all Constitutional principle. Those who espouse it do not believe in freedom and are un-American authoritarians.
The recording and movie industries have a long history of trying to quash every technological advancement that comes along. Ever since radio started playing music the music industry has resented it even though radio is their best promotional tool out there. When the VCR came out the movie industry tried to sue it out of existence, same for DVRs, MP3 players. Seems like the only thing they really like are cds and have clinged on to this outdated technology 20 years too long.
Copyright does not mean you get to dictate the techology that is available to be copied and there are well established court precedences that have ruled that simply having a devise that CAN facilitate illegal activities is not a reason to ban them.
One of the most egregious examples of cultural theft is Disney and their banning of the Movie "Song of the South" The Uncle Remus stories was a compilation of black folk lore during the slave days. This part of black history has nearly been completely wiped out due to political correctness.
The first African American to ever win an oscar was the portrayal of Uncle Remus in Song of the South. That has now been expunged from history so now only older people who remember watching the movie have any idea what these stories are all about.
What is interesting is that many copyright holders either look at this the wrong way. Are listening to their zero sum accountants, or are just plain control freaks and feel it is more important to have tight controls than to make money.
Accountants tend to add theoretical numbers when they estimate the amount of money "lost" due to "pirates" There is a huge assumption that if said movie was not available for download that each and every one of them would have paid instead when in reality the vast majority simply would have not bothered to see let along PAY for the movie thus the movie studio cannot claim these theoretical lost revenues.
This is a problem for the studios and other copyright holders because they claim they are losing money when in reality they are counting phantom revenues that they NEVER would have earned in the first place with or without the "piracy".
Also without the "piracy" a movie may never become popular in the first place without the word of mouth generated by people downloading the movie and talking about it and thus driving up legitimate sales.
If copyrighters were successful in their efforts to quash all "pirating" of their material, which they cannot, but for the sake of argument lets say they did. They would not find the corresponding revenue increase that the zero sum accountants had promised and to make things worse their movies or other works would have a far smaller audience and thus not make as much money as it would with the "pirating". But hey what's money when you have control?
Disney has used their copyright for outright racist reasons. They have stolen and vaulted black culture and heritage. They own the copyright to the movie Song of the South that is a celebration of African-American folklore but for racist reasons they are using their copyright to erase it from American culture.
The Constitution is being violated. The constitution mandates a copyright only for a limited time. Our current laws have made it virtually perpetual. Our current copyright laws our blatantly unConstitutional and its time for them to be challenged on this basis.
The irony is that the over reaching of IP Maximilits are going to be the catalyst for copyright reform. Whenever a pendulum swings too far one way it eventually swings back even farther in the other direction. Copyright authoritarianism will result in less copyright protect and they will only have themselves to blame.
No they should not infact documentaries along with criticism MUST be protected and cannot be expected to get permission from the copyright holder because the copyright holder CANNOT have a veto in their own criticism or a documentary that may either put them in a bad light or if the nature of the documentary is against their own personal views.
Copyright holders have no special right to restrict freedom of speech in any matter. CONGRESS SHALL MAKE NO LAW RESTRICTING FREEDOM OF SPEECH. Copyright holders are not some special class of people that are above Congress and the Constitution.
There is no bill of rights for copyright holders. There is no special provision in the Constitution for them except to specifically mandate a time limit and its stated purpose is to promote free expression, not stifle it. Copyrights are very low on the rights food chain and are really in the category of revocable privilege than an inalienable rights.
Newspapers are particularly low on even the copyright food chain. For one thing a news article is a perishable item. It looses its value the instant it is published. Many aspects of a news story cannot even be copyrighted since they are factual in nature. A fact that has weighed heavily in Right haven cases lately.
It is absolutely apparent that IP Maximilists are freedom and Constitutional rights minimalists. They have a very authoritarian and absolutist world view. They are possibly the most dangerous threat to our freedoms that exist today. Either their view is defeated or we are all be subject to the copyright masters.
The safest speed is whatever other cars are going. If everyone is driving 85mph then that is the safest speed to travel. When everyone else is drive 70 and some bozo is driving 55 it is that person that is putting everyone in danger including themselves not the ones driving 70. Police should focus on those that are driving against the prevailing speed and those driving reckless not just fixate on the posted limit.
Speed limits should be set based on the road itself, statistical analysis of driving patterns, whether, and traffic density. There should be no blanket speed limits and they should actually be changed based on the conditions of the time. It is time to do away with posted speed limits and have general speed guidelines. Technology is at a point now where people can get real time data of the speed limit based on their GPS position.


text: GUNNYSACK s Roy Huntington pOlyTac 90 led ucker for flashlights that I am (and you probably are too), this one really caught my eye. Streamlight took their experience making lights for fire fighters and came up with this handy, small and eminently practical angle-headed light. Living out here "in the dark" country, I've quickly learned the lights we go to most often are smaller, reliable, practical lights, offering a way to clip or attach them to yourself or a tractor hood easily. The buttons are easy to find and use, and there's not a clutter of secret codes you need to learn to turn 'em on and off. A button to push for on/off, a clip, a bright color so you can find it and enough light so it's useful (but not melt your eyes out bright) and chances are it finds at home here somewhere. The PolyTac 90 (get it, 90-degree head?) will give you 170 lumens using two CR123 batteries, and run for 3.75 hours. On low (17 lumens) it will run about 30 hours. One push turns it to bright, one push to off. Two quick pushes turns on a strobe. This strobe ain't for blinding people in a gunfight, it's so people can find you if you're lost in the woods, or in a smoke filled room. Three quick pushes and you're on low. One button, three useful modes — easy. Also, the light body isn't so small you fumble it. That's a .44 Magnum round for size. The pocket clip rotates around the light body so you can pretty much always get the beam where you need it, and the carabiner is just as useful. You can use this with gloves on, and an accessory lineup gives you other attachment options, like an elastic head band. Comes in black, yellow or orange and is about $50 in the real world. For more info: www.americanhandgunner.com/streamlight National Action Pistol Championship WWW.AMERICANHANDGUNNER.COM 101


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A grueling trip to Latin American convinced Pope Benedict XVI that his resignation was "a duty," according to a new book released Tuesday.
In "Servant of God and Humanity: The Biography of Benedict XVI," the pope emeritus explains his decision to become the first pontiff to step down in more than 500 years, and opens up about his relationship with his successor.
A 2012 visit to Mexico and Cuba took such a toll on his health and strength that doctors advised him not to take any more demanding trips, Benedict told Elio Guerriero, the book's author, NBC News reported.
Benedict announced his decision to resign on Feb. 11, 2013, citing the physical and psychological strains of the papacy. He stepped down on Feb. 28 and his successor Francis was elected on March 13.
Benedict also opened up about Francis, with whom he said to be sharing a "wonderfully paternal-fraternal relationship."


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Story highlights
- A 13-year-old boy is under intensive care in Beijing after two adults assaulted him
- They released compressed air into his body using a mechanical pump at car repair shop
- The boy suffered from dozens of puncture wounds in his intestines and multiple organ failure
- He has a serious infection that is causing necrosis on his nose and cheek
A 13-year-old boy is in intensive care in Beijing after two adults assaulted him by releasing compressed air into his body using a mechanical pump at an automobile repair shop.
Chinese media reported that the boy, Du Chuanwang, who lives in Shandong Province on China's east coast, suffered from dozens of puncture wounds in his intestines and multiple organ failure.
The boy helped out at the auto repair shop, where two co-workers allegedly inserted the nozzle of an air pump into his anus and filled his body with air. The suspects have been detained.
Local police posted a message last week on Sina Weibo, China's microblogging site, saying that the two men pushed the boy to the ground during the attack, and that the incident was a "prank."
Ai Qingze, the head of the Shandong hospital where Du received initial treatment, told the China Daily newspaper that upon seeing his inflated belly, the surgeons there cut his abdomen open to expel the gas and saw that his small intestines were bleeding. Ai said the boy's liver, kidneys and stomach were also damaged.
Du was in a coma for eight days following the assault. He woke up three days ago and was transferred to the intensive care unit at Bayi Children's Hospital in Beijing on Thursday.
"We can only provide the necessary life support to him for now, as his condition is very complicated, and the doctors have not yet devised a final treatment plan," a hospital official told CNN.
Hospital officials declined to give more details about Du's current condition.
Angel Mom, a charity group that helped arrange the hospital transfer, posted on Weibo that Du has a serious nose infection that is causing necrosis. A photo in the post shows massive decay of the boy's nose and cheek.
The post also said that after 20 hours of treatment, the boy's digestive tract has stopped bleeding, and his acid and electrolyte levels have returned to normal.
Du's father, uncle and grandfather went along to Beijing. The boy's mother died six years ago.
The family said they earn around 5,000 yuan ($780) per year from a small plot of land.
"We sent him to the repair shop because our family is close with the owner," said the grandfather. "Since his mother passed away, his dad hoped the owner of the repair shop could take care of him. We think of the owner as the boy's guardian."
The repair shop owner did not pay him money but bought him clothes and other items, according to the grandfather. He said the teenager does not actually work there but helps with simple tasks.
China Daily reported that his treatment at the first hospital, in Shandong, cost about 100,000 yuan, and that the repair shop owner paid for 60% of it.
Angel Mom said it has received over 400,000 yuan in donations for the boy but has since suspended the donation drive, as the money seems to be enough for his treatment for now -- it would start accepting donations again if more funds are needed.
The family said Du's father had received 101,500 yuan of the donations so far.


text:
Four contractors that installed or maintained government-issued trailers for storm victims after Hurricane Katrina have agreed to pay a total of $5 million to resolve claims that the temporary shelters exposed Gulf Coast residents to hazardous fumes, according to court filings Tuesday (May 29).
The documents don't disclose how much would be individually paid by Shaw Environmental Inc., Bechtel Corp., Fluor Enterprises Inc. and CH2M Hill Constructors Inc. and the companies' insurers, The Associated Press reported.
The deal is linked to a larger class-action settlement agreement between plaintiffs' attorneys and several companies that manufactured travel trailers for the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) following hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005.
The proposed settlement with the trailer makers was expanded late Monday to include claims against Gulf Stream Coach Inc., Forest River Inc., Jayco Inc. and Monaco Coach Corp. Financial terms of that part of the deal haven't been disclosed.
Last month, however, nearly two dozen other FEMA trailer manufacturers agreed to pay a total of $14.8 million to resolve claims over elevated formaldehyde levels in FEMA trailers following the 2005 hurricanes. Formaldehyde, a chemical commonly found in building materials, can cause breathing problems and is classified as a carcinogen.
U.S. District Judge Kurt Engelhardt is expected to hold a fairness hearing on the proposed settlement on Sept. 27. If he approves the deal, a group of Texas residents' claims against FEMA would be the only formaldehyde-related claims that haven't been settled or dismissed by the judge, according to lead plaintiffs' attorney Gerald Meunier.
Meunier estimates that roughly 60,000 plaintiffs from Louisiana, Texas, Alabama and Mississippi who lived in FEMA trailers after the 2005 hurricanes would be eligible to participate in the settlement.


text:
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text:
- Race:
- Chinese Grand Prix
- Championship:
- FIA Formula One World Championship
- Drivers:
- Fernando Alonso
- |
- Kimi Räikkönen
- |
- Ralf Schumacher
- Circuits:
- Shanghai International Circuit
Fernando Alonso rounded off his championship year by taking victory in China. He did so from pole position and fended off title rival Kimi Raikkonen in a year in which the Michael Schumacher monopoly on the sport had been destroyed.
Indeed, it was Ralf Schumacher who joined them on the podium after a solid drive to third for Toyota.
Alonso led from Giancarlo Fisichella, Raikkonen and Montoya until the Colombian ran over a drain cover. He pitted for a damage inspection while the safety car was deployed so that the offending cover - and others - could be inspected. Montoya pitted a few laps later with an engine problem said to be unrelated to his drainage issues.
The safety car negated Alonso's lead but he was able to maintain track position after he, Fisichella and Raikkonen stopped. The order stayed the same and the gaps opened up until Narain Karthikeyan had a sizeable crash in his Jordan that brought out the safety car again.
Only when traffic pitted ahead of him did Raikkonen get a clear road and up his pace but he was unable to catch Alonso who rounded out his season in style. Raikkonen had been quick all weekend but not when it counted. Instead, he felt it took a long time for the car to get up to speed and that did the damage as far as a win was concerned.
There was another reason he could not catch Alonso: Fisichella. The Italian had badly delayed Raikkonen as they drove into the pit lane and the stewards handed Fisichella a drive-through penalty. That dropped him to fourth behind Ralf Schumacher.
Renault had found speed since Brazil and Alonso was elated. "I didn't think anything could be as good as winning the championship but seeing everyone celebrating was a special feeling. There is only one thing to say to the team: thank you."


text:
Hi Dave,
first comment on the schema at https://github.com/FUNcube/SatInfoServi ... ellite.xml:
The SATCAT number is called NasaID. Not sure where this originated, but NASA has nothing to do with it. it was NORAD before, and now its more universally called SatCat.
<tns:LaunchingSite> should be LaunchSite
I think beacons should be telemetry or beacons
beacons should be reserved for identification I guess... or eliminated completely
<tns:Mode>FM</tns:Mode> should become Modulation, and like mentioned before we should also include framing to be flexible. not sure what to do with FEC...
<element name="AmsatId" type="string" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="0">
Is this the OSCAR number?
Why would we have "TargetLaunchDate"? If the date is in the future, its obviously a target...


text:
The Idea Room
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What's one creative product you would recommend to all moms?
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text:
User talk:Milominderbinder2
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
m (→Welcome back: new section)
Current revision (23:05, August 24, 2014) (edit) (undo)
Missylou2who (Talk | contribs)
(→New Venturing Award pages: new section)
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Welcome back; we've missed you. —'''''[[User:RWSmith|RWSmith]]''''' ''[[MeritBadgeDotOrg:Bureaucrat|(Bureaucrat)]]'', 17:17, August 12, 2009 (EDT)
Welcome back; we've missed you. —'''''[[User:RWSmith|RWSmith]]''''' ''[[MeritBadgeDotOrg:Bureaucrat|(Bureaucrat)]]'', 17:17, August 12, 2009 (EDT)
Current revision
If you prefer to email me privately: Craig Lincoln
New Merit Badge Worksheets
I see that you've undone a lot of what I did. Is there a reason that Mr. R's are being removed? And, is there a reason that the Worksheets page has been completely redone? I put a lot of time into that and it would have been courteous to have had some discussion over proposed changes. EagleForumFan 06:42, March 3, 2008 (EST)
- I apologize for any misunderstandings. Mr. R's content and links appear to not have been updated in several years. The requirements have changed since then. Meritbadge.org tries to only reference the current requirements. Many of links that are still viable have been added to meritbadge.org. If there are links that are missing from meritbadge.org, we should add them here.
- The reason for the updated worksheets is that most of the old worksheets contained wording that did not match the current requriements. The BSA is updating as many as 22-26 merit badges a year. Also, the new worksheets address formatting issues such as a need for increased line spacing to allow enough room for younger Scouts to write. Plus the new worksheets include a wealth of links to online content. 59 include video lessons to teach skills. These changes were made with direction of the site moderators. It was my understanding that the previous author had declined further updates. The "new" worksheets had originally been posted at usscout.org for years.
- The site moderators have asked that doc file formats no longer be used as this has allowed requirements to be altered. Again, sorry for any misunderstandings. - Craig (Milominderbinder2) 07:42, March 3, 2008 (CST)
- Thank you for the explanation. It was disconcerting to find so many changes without explanation. This makes perfect sense. EagleForumFan 01:04, March 5, 2008 (EST)
New Webelos Activity Badge Worksheets and Consistency of Pages
Could you please explain the rationale behind these changes?: Webelos Artist Activity Badge moved to Artist: To allow the Worksheet Template to work correctly and to be consistent with the Merit Badge nomenclature. Scouterdennis 17:07, March 11, 2008 (EDT)
- Worksheets have been created for all Webelos Activity Badge. Consequently, the Worksheet Template needed to be added to each page. The template requires that the page name match the worksheet pdf name. The page names for the merit badges are names like "Swimming". To be consistent (and for the template to work), "Webelos Aquanaut Activity Badge," for instance, needed to be Aquanaut."
- Another issue that this addresses is that very few people know that Aquanaut is actually the Webelos Aquanaut Activity Badge. They want help with the Aquanaut Pin. They have never heard of an Aquanaut "Badge". Our links say "Aquanaut" for this reason.
- When you click Aquanaut, you will go to Aquanaut and the worksheets will work as well. The old Webelos Aquanaut Activity Badge page redirects you to Aquanaut. We are also standardizing the section headings to match the sections on the Boy Scout Merit Badge Sections. Hope that helps.Milominderbinder2 17:23, March 11, 2008 (EDT)
- Why not simply have "Aquanaut" redirect to "Webelos Aquanaut Activity Badge"? That way the article title would be descriptive (and also would be what the BSA calls them, their actual name) and people would still be able to find what they need. By your (their) reasoning, we should rename all of the Belt Loop articles, since no one would ever search for "Cub Scout Sports: Basketball".
- The name of the final page you redirect to must match the name of the pdf they link to. Again, this was driven by the need to standardize page names that have a linked pdf worksheet. The pages still show the full names. The page name is for internal lnking.Milominderbinder2 17:49, March 12, 2008 (EDT)
- Who makes these decisions? Is there any discussion? Scouterdennis 06:53, March 12, 2008 (EDT)
- I am not speaking on behalf of MeritBadge.org but I can tell you that the Sysops (moderators) make decisions cautiously. MeritBadge.com started years ago with the vision of one guy, Michael Kauffmann. Over time a few more key people started helping him. The Wiki concept of Merit Badge.org is allowing many to collaborate now. MeritBadge.org is changing and growing every day. Milominderbinder2 17:49, March 12, 2008 (EDT)
Standardized Cub Scout Academic & Sports Pages
You changed the Notes section of every Sports Belt Loop and Pin, so now they ALL read Badminton instead of the article name. Scouterdennis 06:45, March 12, 2008 (EDT)
- Over time a variety of layouts were used as Cub Scout Academic & Sports Pages were created. Some are off to a great start. Others had not yet been started. Many were in this general format that mirrors the Boy Scout Merit Badges:
- Welcome text
- Belt Loop Requirements
- Academics Pin Requirements
- link to red book
- Notes
- Related achievements, electives, or other awards
- Tiger
- Wolf
- Bear
- etc...
- External links
- Now all of those pages should be in this format. The variables and links should all work. Milominderbinder2 17:49, March 12, 2008 (EDT)
Template:Cub Scout Academics and Sports navbox
Craig, I reverted your change to {{Cub Scout Academics and Sports navbox}} (use belt loop image instead of crest) which replaced the images to retain consistency with the other navboxes. See MeritBadgeDotOrg:Scout-related Templates/Navigational templates, where the Award-related navboxes all use an image which represents the whole set of awards and is not just an example of one of them. Also, the Marbles belt loop image is super blurry. I do like the font increase.
I also added a worksheet link to the header section, just like the one you just added to the Webelos Activity Badge navbox. Scouterdennis 10:35, August 1, 2008 (EDT)
Welcome back
Welcome back; we've missed you. —RWSmith (Bureaucrat), 17:17, August 12, 2009 (EDT)
New Venturing Award pages
As you may have noted from the Recent changes I have taken a good pass at the new Venturing awards. Here is a summary of my new pages and touches:
New pages:
- Venturing Award
- Discovery Award
- Pathfinder Award
- Summit Award
- Three Tiers of Adventure
- Summit Board of Review
Significant touched:
- Template:Venturing_advancement_navbox
- Old Venturing basic advancement pages to add discontinued notice
- The Summit Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve added Otheruses for "Summit"
- The links to the Venturing awards on the Main Page.
Some comments:
I patterned the new Venturing level awards after the Boy Scout ranks. I had to use the Infobox_BoyScoutRank for the images; it would be nice if a new infobox for VenturingLevel could be made with the colors of Infobox_Award. Just a suggestion.
True to the Venturing spirit at national, there are two conflicting set of requirements for each award. I added both and documented where they came from at the BSA. I have added a ArticleMessageBox "contradictory" to indicate the problem. In doing so, I have also included a locked reqs subpage that is intentionally empty. (Ugly I know). However the requirements are apparently still in flux, and the 2014 Venturing Handbook is due out at any time this year, so until the "official" requirements are published, it is problematic to lock these requirements I just added. You of course can decide if you want to kill the empty regs subpage box or leave it or whatever until the final requirements come out.
I have added extensive notes from the FAQs and BSA ppts published on the BSA site. These requirements are just not fully baked. Just saying.
The Summit Board of Review is a new page, partly because I could not add it to the Boards of Review page and partly because I don't think you would want this added to that page. You can take a look.
I did not of course edit the Venturing Advancement page. But I suggest that page not be changed until more dust settles in this shakeup.
It appears that the Scout badge has been upgraded to "Scout rank". I have no plans to address that on this site, as many others would be better to handle those changes across the site.
So unless something comes out that I am aware of to add or change, any changes I will make in the immediate future will only be tweaks. Hope this helps.
Yours in Scouting,
--User:Missylou2who 22:05, August 24, 2014 (EDT)


text:
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- Number of Floors: 3
- Total Number of Rooms: 75
- Number of Suites: 19
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text:
Subscribe To Breaking Dawn Part 2 Sets Twilight Series Record At Midnight Showings Updates
I've already subscribed
The sparkly vampire gravy train is finally coming to an end this weekend, as The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2 comes to theaters worldwide and websites like ours get to breathlessly report how much money the new Stephenie Meyer adaptation has made… for the last time. But don't be sad yet! There's an entire weekend worth of box office receipts to report, and as usual, the new Twilight movie has kicked things off with a serious bang.
Combining both the 10 p.m. screenings from last night and the midnight shows, Breaking Dawn Part 2 has already made $30.4 million, a record for the series. According to Deadline it just edges out the $30.25 million made by Breaking Dawn Part 1 and cruises well past New Moon's $26.27 million from midnight-- though there were fewer 10 p.m. Thursday shows to count then, if any at all. Now Breaking Dawn part 2 will be playing in 4,070 theaters across the United States and Canada, which puts the huge $138.1 million from Breaking Dawn Part 1 well within sight as a huge record to break.
After all, look at Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2, which capped another huge franchise with a bananas $169 million box office opening last summer. The biggest opening in the Twilight series actually belongs to New Moon, which made $142 million, and we'll have to see if that's just the high-water mark for the franchise, or if the finality of Breaking Dawn Part 2 will bring more people out in droves.
We'll have a full box office report to you on Sunday and an update on Saturday, because hey, it's always fun to follow huge releases like this. Let us know in the comments if you've seen Breaking Dawn Part 2 and if you like what you saw!


text:
This week we are looking at RSS Feeds and RSS aggregators/news readers. The library staff are evaluating Pageflakes, although I opted for Google Reader simply because I use iGoogle (so one less username/password to remember) and there is a widget for my iGoogle homepage.
There certainly seem to be a number of uses for newsreaders in a college setting. Having recently looked at what scholarly activity encompasses in a HE in FE context (see John Widdowson for a good overview), one aspect is current awareness through professional reading. In conjunction with a more academic alerting service (like ZETOC) this would be a good acedemic use of a newsreader. Similarly, for CILIP Chartership/ACLIP candidates, setting up a newsreader for library sites/blogs would be good evidence of professional awareness/CPD.
From a tutor's perspective it is a useful tool for monitoring class blogs. Using the same principle we have a Pageflakes page showing all the library staff blogs (in relation to their reflective accounts on the Library Web Quest).
As regards RSS feeds – newsreader services seem to be a better way of keeping upto date with regularly consulted websites/blogs, but an RSS feed is a good way of promoting the library service (and the library blog in particular). Currently we have an RSS feed to our library blog on the college's Moodle (VLE) homepage and we will add one to the MyAthens homepage (which students use to access online resources remotely).