text:
Bernard Lewis has been a Professor of History at Princeton since before your blogger was alive. He is a respected historian and researcher within the field particularly of Ottoman history. Lewis is also a political pundit and it is in respect of this activity that I want to analyse something that he recently wrote. Recently he delivered the Irving Kristol Lecture at the American Enterprise Institute, to an audience which included members of the institute and politicians including the current American Vice President. The lecture's basic thesis is that traditional Islam and Christianity have always been clashing, that the recent events in the Middle East and recent immigration to Europe are only read through the meme of this kind of clash and that the only way out of this situation is an appeal to western notions of freedom and knowledge.
Professor Lewis is a wise and learned man, but I feel compelled having read this lecture to reiterate the judgement of another expert on the Middle East, Professor Juan Cole about a recent piece that Professor Lewis published. Cole argued that
Bernard Lewis's What Went Wrong? is a very bad book from a usually very good author. How a profoundly learned and highly respected historian, whose career spans some sixty years, could produce such a hodgepodge of muddled thinking, inaccurate assertions and one-sided punditry is a profound mystery.
To me Professor Cole's judgement stands of that book but also of the lecture that Professor Lewis delivered earlier this month. Professor Lewis's lecture is shoddy and doesn't work either in relation to the evidence that he uses or in relation to the way that he deals conceptually with the world of Islam.
Lets start with the evidence. Professor Lewis at one point discusses the way that assimilation of Islamic cultures into the West will not work. He discusses what he defines as constructive engagment and uses an example from the 12th Century to suggest that you can never trust a Muslim and that constructive engagment is useless:
A term sometimes used is constructive engagement. Let's talk to them, let's get together and see what we can do. Constructive engagement has a long tradition. When Saladin re-conquered Jerusalem and other places in the holy land, he allowed the Christian merchants from Europe to stay in the seaports. He apparently felt the need to justify this, and he wrote a letter to the caliph in Baghdad explaining his action. I would like to quote it to you. The merchants were useful since "there is not one among them that does not bring and sell us weapons of war, to their detriment and to our advantage." This continued during the Crusades. It continued after. It continued during the Ottoman advance into Europe, when they could always find European merchants willing to sell them weapons they needed and European bankers willing to finance their purchases. Constructive engagement has a long history.
There are two obvious problems with this- the first is very simple quite what relevance does the fact that someone lied in the 12th Century have to the way we live now. I could if I was being an Iraqi insurgent argue that the British have always unjustly occupied places, they did in America in 1770- I'm not sure that anyone would take that argument seriously. Neither should we take Professor Lewis's argument seriously- Saladin's behaviour has no more relevance than Lord North's behaviour in working out how people are acting now. Furthermore on the simple facts of Saladin's behaviour- the fact that someone writes a letter saying something does not transalate into the fact that they beleive what they wrote. Take Saladin writing this letter, its perfectly conceivable to me that this was a political gesture, an explanation of why he was trading with the infidel rather than part of a grand strategy. But even if Professor Lewis is right about the intentions of Saladin, what it says about the modern day is not obvious to me.
The conceptual problem that Professor Lewis has within his talk is that he uses a couple of examples from now or from the Middle Ages and labels those examples Islam. His talk is full of expressions about what 'they' or 'them' will do. Sometimes that 'they' seems just to be fundamentalists who are led by Osama Bin Laden, sometimes its the whole immigrant population within Europe, sometimes its the entire Middle East. There is a further issue here: he talks about Islam a lot but mentions not a single example from east of Iran, not a single example from such vast Islamic communities as those in India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Bangladesh and so on. Islam in the world of this lecture is an abstraction which is timeless, geographically changeless and threatening. Professor Alam in another review of Lewis's work put this perspective quite well when he suggested that
His objective is to whittle down world history, to reduce it to a primordial contest between two historical adversaries, the West and Islam.
It appears that Professor Lewis has not changed his practices- the AEI lecture contains an account of endless struggle between two concepts Islam and the West. Professor Alam is right to state that there is more to the world than that, there is also more to Islam and more to the West than the monoliths that Professor Lewis invites us to view.
Some will say no doubt that this is unfair- this was not an academic lecture but a lecture to a popular audience. I think though that that is wrong- it is neccessary for people to get it right when talking to a political audience- especially an audience which includes the Vice President of the United States- Professor Lewis attempts to deal with the current problems within Islam and doesn't mention economics, the political structures within the Islamic world or indeed any other factors beyond the fact that 'they' follow a certain religion. His argument is misleading and damaging- his audience would have been better not to hear it.
Its interesting that it is also self defeating- at one point in the lecture Professor Lewis states that
There are many religions in the world, but as far as I know there are only two that have claimed that their truths are not only universal--all religions claim that--but also exclusive; that they--the Christians in the one case, the Muslims in the other--are the fortunate recipients of God's final message to humanity, which it is their duty not to keep selfishly to themselves--like the Jews or the Hindus--but to bring to the rest of humanity, removing whatever obstacles there may be on the way. This self-perception, shared between Christendom and Islam, led to the long struggle that has been going on for more than fourteen centuries and which is now entering a new phase. In the Christian world, now at the beginning of the 21st century of its era, this triumphalist attitude no longer prevails.
Its interesting that he says this. There is an element of truth to the fact that both religions can have this missionary aspect- though whether they have it as part of their essense is another matter. What Professor Lewis and his audience though might well wish to ponder is why Christianity at the moment is not aggressive and why some Muslims are- Professor Lewis seems to think that both religions have the same aggressive potential, so why the difference? Furthermore why are so many Muslims in the world, the vast majority very peaceful? What are the factors that move people to violence? Religion doesn't seem to be a big predictor. According to Professor Lewis two religions have the potential to violence, one though doesn't realise it and one does. And even within the one that does 'do' violence, most of the beleivers aren't violent. Wouldn't it be more interesting to research the other factors- rather than just dismiss Islam as violent. By Professor Lewis's own argument more than a missionary religion creates the potential for horrific violence within a society. Maybe if next time he spoke to political leaders he informed them of those factors his lecture might be a bit of a better model for them to follow.
Professor Lewis's lecture was lazy. It was not thought through and it was given to an audience who are important indeed crucial, they must know the truth and must be told it. For an academic to give a paper to the Vice President of the United States is a high honour and to live up to that honour your duty is not merely to speak well but to speak the truth. Professor Lewis paints with such broad brush strokes, is so confident in using scraps of evidence to back up mountainous assertions and so certain about the essense of Islam that he has lost his ability to provide his audience with a useful template to build policy out of. This talk suffers because of grand problems in the way that evidence is presented to the audience, but furthermore because it treats all Muslims as having an essense which is the same rather than recognising that the Islamic world is complicated, historically contingent and geographically various (just like the Christian (or Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish) world). It is as if Professor Lewis was presenting himself as a caricature of what his old adversary Professor Said used to lambast- this was an orientalist lecture. The sad thing about it is at moments in the lecture, one sees a man of great erudition and someone who can obviously write well, it would just be good to see that erudition and skill harnessed to a less orientalising theme.


text:
Working With Your Doctor
Your doctor needs to:
- Clearly evaluate your work restrictions — and communicate them promptly to the employer, worker and claim manager.
- Respond to requests to approve or disapprove a particular job offer, based on the worker's medical restrictions. Need help? Call the Provider Hotline at 1‑800‑848‑0811.
- Continue to certify time-loss compensation, at least once every 30 days, as long as the patient is unable to work.
- Make sure only a medical doctor, advanced registered nurse practitioner or physician assistant completes and signs the Report of Accident and Activity Prescription forms.
- Read L&I's Attending Doctor's Return-to-Work Desk Reference (F200‑002‑000).

subset: commoncrawl


text:
You are currently browsing the tag archive for the 'Bruce Springsteen' tag.
At the end of the kirtan last night at The Yoga Place in North Canton, OH, I mentioned that I like being in the area. Someone said "Why don't you move here?" My impulse response was "If you move the ocean here, I'll think about it." I feel most at peace and most able to uncover a sense of union with All when I am on the shoreline. On the edge of the continent, cool and sandy earth, vast sky, fiery sun warmth, and infinite-seeming water couldn't be more clear expressions of the makings of all life. Rarely do I ever feel homesick, as I am generally happy to be wherever I am, experiencing what is there. In that moment of remembering the shore, though, I had a twinge of it. It suddenly felt alien to be more than seven hours from the closest ocean. How fitting that as I drove over the Ben Franklin Bridge this evening NPR was playing an interview with Bruce Springsteen on the making of Darkness on the Edge of Town. It was good listening– I'd never considered his poetry that directly before. Welcome back to Jersey.
All four of the gigs on this mini-tour worked out very well. The people and the vibe to carry the evenings all showed up. I am never sure what my inner experience will be while I'm singing, so I let myself be surprised. Somewhere in the middle of leading chanting in Kent and in Toledo, the bemusement crept in.
What the heck am I doing up here? Why am I singing mantra again? How did all this even happen? Am I here to facilitate spiritual experience? No, I just sing. Whatever – Time to stop analyzing – Sheesh.
It is the old familiar WTF that I try to treat as I would any thought in meditation – see it, breathe, and let it go. It's not an easy one to let go. Sometimes I need to run through the timeline in my head just a little—remembering the visions, the love, the white light, the dreams that swept me into recognizing that Spirit would be more a part of my music and overall being than I'd ever known.
Why does all this still surprise me?
Thankfully, the surprise washed through and moved along, swept up and sublimated in the ocean of sound. All the events this time out were sweet experiences. House of Yoga in Berkely, MI near Detroit was an ideal in many ways – not the least of which was for the chance to see some amazingly cool black squirrels nearby the next day! But I digress—the musical joy was that I was able to sing nearly an hour set of songs and then the same time was given to chanting. It feels wonderfully dynamic and balancing when these elements are invited together and I intend to develop the show and do more in this format. North Canton was a straight-up kirtan after which there was a sense of exuberance and deep fellowship in the air.
All the people I met or had the chance to see again on this trip are good, good, solid, loving beings. I am blessed to have found a path that leads me to them. Some kind of general positivity swirls for me in the Cleveland area and into some margin beyond. It is where the Devo fans gather for the annual DEVOtional. It is where kirtan connections have led to knowing kind people on rich paths. It is where whenever I am linked up with a musician for a gig, we usually sound like automatic magic. I may be a coastal being, but I will be back to be part of these circles as I am able.


text:
We're here to help.
Talk to us
Chat with experts online or have us call you right away. You can also schedule a time for us to call you when you're ready. Answer a few questions and we'll give you the best options.Get help
Get a repair
Find a local Apple Authorized Service Provider or Apple Store with a Genius Bar. For most products, you can also arrange shipment to an Apple Repair Center when you're ready. Answer a few questions to get started.Set up a repair
Apple worldwide phone numbers
See all Apple phone numbers around the world.
Mobile carriers
For mobile carrier plans and billing or network issues, contact your mobile carrier.
Complimentary support
Most Apple products come with 90 days of complimentary phone support and a one-year limited warranty. We recommend that you check your coverage before contacting us.
Apple Online Store help
You can get information about an order you placed on the Apple Online Store through the Order Status page.
Lost or stolen Apple products
If you have lost or found an Apple product, get information on using Find My for iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch, or Mac to help find your device.
Accessibility support
If you use an accessibility feature or assistive technology, you can get direct access to Apple representatives who are trained in providing support using accessibility services. Find the accessibility and assistive technology phone number for your country or learn more and get help with accessibility features.


text:
Jewelry, whether made from gold and precious gems or plastic and colored glass, is popular with collectors. Values are determined by the intrinsic value of the stones and metal and by the skill of the craftsmen and designers. Victorian and older jewelry have been collected since the 1950s. More recent interests are Art Deco and Edwardian styles, Mexican and Danish silver jewelry, and beads of all kinds. Copies of almost all styles are being made. Costume jewelry makers are copying antique rings and pins in inexpensive versions and prestige jewelry stores are selling gold replicas of nineteenth-century jewelry. American Indian jewelry is listed in the Indian category. Tiffany jewelry is listed here.
Enter your email below to receive Kovels Komments for the latest antiques & collectibles news, answers to readers questions, marks and tips. In your inbox every Wednesday.
Current & Past Issues
Buyer's Price Guide
Words of Wisdom (Letter to Lee)


text:
Journal Article. 0 words.
Subjects: Moral Philosophy ; Corporate Social Responsibility ; Welfare Economics ; Political Economy ; Economic Sociology
Go to Oxford Journals » abstract
Full text: subscription required
How to subscribe Recommend to my Librarian
Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content. Please, subscribe or login to access all content. subscribe or login to access all content.


text:
President signs cybercrime bill into law: official
President signs cybercrime bill into law: official
KABUL (Pajhwok): President Ashraf Ghani has signed the bill on prevention of electronics crimes into law, the Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Technology said on Tuesday.
Najib Nangyal, a spokesman for the IT ministry, told Pajhwok Afghan News the 27-article law had become part of the panel code after its approval by the president.
Meanwhile, acting Telecom and IT minister Eng Syed Ahmad Shah Sadat said before there was no law to punish people for crimes they commit on the internet.
"Now when the law is approved, anyone who commits character assassination or misuses the social media, there are punishment codes and the accused can be tried." The law recommends fines and imprisonment up to 20 years as punishment, he said
Former deputy IT minister Aimal Marjan on his Facebook wrote that all departments of the government were expected to take effective measures for full implementation of the law.
However, he said police should be equipped with information about cyber crimes and judges and attorneys who were expert in the field should be involved the law's implementation.
He said the law, if enforced, would help people get rid of negative activities on the social media and would promote the culture of positive use of technology.
Political affairs expert and social activist Javed Ghafoor said the law would help prevent political and ethnic differences among the Afghans. He said the law would help preserve the Afghan unity.
He said everyone was able to publish content without any evidence but now such things would be monitored. He said the real cause of current differences were the materials published on social media without evidence in support.
Related Article
Download "Pajhwok" mobile App, on your smartphone to read and access latest news, features, interviews, videos and photos about Afghanistan.


text:
News of an explosion at one of Iran's nuclear facilities – broken exclusively by WND – is exploding around the world, with independent confirmation and international response pouring in.
Israeli intelligence officials have confirmed the explosion to the Times of London, which is now reporting: "Sources in Tel Aviv said yesterday that they thought the explosion happened last week. The Israeli Government is investigating reports that it led to extensive structural damage and 200 workers had been trapped inside.
"Israel believes the Iranians have not evacuated the surrounding area. It is unclear whether that is because no harmful substances have been released, or because Tehran is trying to avoid sparking panic among residents."
Also on Sunday, Israel's acting defense minister called the news "welcome," and a German newspaper said its own source in Tehran confirmed the report, even while Iran is trying to keep the news under wraps.
WND's exclusive report revealed an explosion last Monday deep within Iran's Fordow nuclear facility destroyed much of the installation, trapping scores of people, including scientists and workers, many of whom are foreign nationals.
According to a member of the security forces at the site, both elevators and the emergency exit had collapsed, and the regime fears loss of lives due to possible radiation after the explosion.
The information comes through Hamidreza Zakeri, a former member of the regime's intelligence ministry.
The Iranian regime further believes the blast was sabotage and the explosives could have reached the area disguised as equipment or in the uranium hexafluoride stock transferred to the site, the source said. The explosion occurred at the third centrifuge chambers, with the high-grade enriched uranium reserves below them.
At midnight Sunday, Tehran time, however, all regime-controlled media published a two-line announcement by the deputy of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, Shamsoldin Berberoodi, that no explosion had taken place at Fordow.
Iran does not want word of the sabotage to leak out because it would badly damage its negotiating position in talks with the 5+1 (the United States, Britain, France, Russia, China and Germany), WND's source said. Indeed, the two-line announcement said the reports of the explosion are meant to bring pressure on Iran at the talks.
The regime's defense ministry, which runs the country's nuclear program, has dispatched the drill team from the Revolutionary Guards Khatam al-Anbia base to the site, the source said, but as of today no progress had been made to reach those trapped within.
According to the source, the regime has enforced a total blackout on the media and the families of the employees who work at the site. The security forces have also created a security zone around the site to control access and manage the rescue efforts.
The source said the regime's security forces have attacked many moderate media offices, shutting down their activity and Internet sites. There is no information if these attacks were related to the Fordow explosion.
The site, which is about 300 feet under a mountain and immune to airstrikes and most bunker-buster bombs, is the Islamic regime's main site, with its more than 2,700 centrifuges to enrich uranium to the 20 percent level, raising international concern about Iran's nuclear bomb program.
WND's Jan. 24 report on the sabotage was covered internationally on Sunday with Israeli Acting Defense Minister Avi Dichter stating that, "Any explosion in Iran that doesn't hurt people but hurts its assets is welcome."
Israel's biggest daily, Yediot Ahronot, led its Sunday paper with a headline: "The most significant incidence of sabotage in the Iranian nuclear program to date."
As reported by Globes Online out of Israel, "Yediot Ahronot cites U.S. conservative website 'WND' as reporting … that former Iranian Republican Guard commander Reza Kahlili, recruited by the CIA and who defected to the U.S., claimed that Iranian sources reported a huge explosion last Monday at Fordow's centrifuges room. They claim that the explosion destroyed a significant portion of the facility and that 240 workers were trapped underground."
The Jerusalem Post mentioned WND's report and added a quote from Emily Landau, director of the Arms Control and Regional Security Project at the Tel Aviv-based Institute for National Security Studies, who noted that Iran is enriching uranium to 20 percent at Fordow, "and it raises concerns because it is buried deep in a mountain."
Germany's Die Welt published the report with a headline, "Expert reports severe explosion at nuclear plant."
"According to a report by Iran expert Reza Kahlili on the Iranian nuclear facility of Fordow, a few days ago a huge explosion took place which destroyed large parts of the plant," Die Welt said. "Kahlili says he got this information from a former Iranian intelligence official."
Die Welt, with sources close to the German intelligence agency BND (Bundesnachrichtendienst), corroborated the WND report by stating that now, Welt am Sonntag (a well-respected German Sunday newspaper) "has received information from an Iranian intelligence service contact confirming that the explosion had actually happened and that 190 workers at the nuclear plant were cut off from the outside world."
The German newspaper Spiegel also gave big coverage to the story, along with others worldwide.
Interestingly, the Israeli DEBKAfile, known to be close to Israeli intelligence in covering the WND story, stated that on Jan. 24, Israeli Chief of Staff, Lt. Gen. Benny Gantz and Military Intelligence Director Maj. Gen. Aviv Kochavi ceremonially promoted "Col. G.," commander of the elite Sayeret Matkal, to the rank of major general in recognition of his unit's "outstanding covert operations."
As reported Jan. 21, also exclusively on WND, the Iranian regime's intelligence ministry had received information from an alleged spy planted inside Israel's spy agency, Mossad, that Israel and certain Western countries, quite aware of Iran's nuclear bomb program and believing time is of the essence, have drawn up plans for covert operations to destroy Iran's nuclear installations, thereby avoiding a large-scale war.
Regime officials held two high-level meetings on Tuesday afternoon, one at the presidential building and the other at the supreme leader's residence. The source for this information could only say that all high-level officials participated in the meeting with Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and that it lasted till about 9:30 p.m. Tehran time.
Several Iranian nuclear scientists have been assassinated in recent years, and last year saboteurs struck the power supply to the Fordow facility, temporarily disrupting production. A computer worm called Stuxnet, believed to have originated in the United States, also set Iran's plans for nuclear weapons back substantially.
Any blow to the Fordow facility would be a huge blow to the regime because, despite severe international pressure and sanctions, it has refused to halt the 20 percent uranium-enrichment process at this site. It takes only weeks to further enrich the stock at the 20 percent level to weapon grade for a nuclear bomb.
Sources in the Islamic regime previously have revealed exclusively to WND the existence of:
- A secret nuclear site in Najaf Abad.
- A list of Iranian scientists working on a nuclear bomb.
- A secret uranium enrichment site in Khondab, where the Russians and North Korean scientists are helping with Iran's nuclear bomb program.
- The secret bio-weapons site in Marzanabad, where, with the help of Russia, Iran has mastered production of eight microbial agents, arming its missiles with biological warheads.
- Another nuclear site at Bonab, where, with the help of Russians, uranium enrichment is taking place using laser technology.


text:
T/Mon is a central alarm master station that collects alarms from your remote equipment. It's a necessary tool if you have more than 10 sites. At that point, monitoring your sites individual via RTU notifications gets out of hand. While there are other master stations available, T/Mon has several key advantages: very high uptime, multi-protocol compatibility, and intelligent alarm processing.T/Mon uptime is protected via security and redundancy
The most basic responsibility of an alarm master is to continue operating no matter what. If it fails, you're blind to network threats. T/Mon enhances uptime in a few ways.
The first is internal hardware redundancy. Hard disks are the least reliable element in most computer systems, so T/Mon maintains a mirrored set of drives. Power supplies and electrical feeds can go down, so T/Mon has two redundant power inputs.
View Online Interface Demo
Design elements like these give you a huge boost to your remote alarm monitoring reliability. Consider, purely as an example, a hypothetical piece of equipment with one component that has 99% uptime. That means it's offline 1% of a time. That's terrible performance, but this is just a simple example and it will keep the math simple.
Now, what if we add a second redundant component, also with 99% uptime? It will also be offline 1% of the time. Assuming random distribution, however, BOTH components will only BOTH be offline 0.01% of the time. That's a 100x improvement in reliability without any improvement of individual components. Redundancy is a powerful thing.
The next step is complete server redundancy. No amount of redundant components can help you if your central office loses power, gets flooded by a hurricane, or otherwise fails. With T/Mon you can deploy two complete master stations at two different locations (even on opposite sides of the world). When the primary goes offline for any reason, the secondary will take over the remote alarm monitoring duties within seconds.
Server redundancy can also be implemented in a hierarchy. I you have 3 regions in your network, you can deploy a T/Mon (or a pair) in each region, plus one more at the top of the network. On a day-to-day basis, this gives each region its own view of the network. During a crisis, each region is independent of the other, so no failure of one region will take down another. Even if the top-level T/Mon goes down, each of the regions can still monitor itself locally.
Finally, T/Mon has strong security protections. You can enforce password rules (or use a RADIUS server) and set individual access rights for each user. Protecting against the harmful actions of your own employees, whether accidental or malicious, is a big part of T/Mon's reliability.T/Mon supports multiple protocols
Most modern masters support a small number of standard protocols. This is a lot better than the old days of individual closed protocols for each manufacturer. Still, much of that old remote alarm monitoring equipment is still in service. T/Mon supports over 30 protocols for exactly that reason. You might have hundreds of legacy remotes in the field that still work. T/Mon lets you keep using them, while also maintaining compatibility with modern protocols like SNMP and DNP. If you want to forward alarms to an enterprise-grade SNMP manager (ex. HPOV), T/Mon makes an excellent protocol mediator for legacy monitoring gear.T/Mon intelligently filters alarms and alerts you of impending trouble
Any master can send you an email/SMS for every alarm. Good ones like T/Mon are smart about it. You only have so much time and attention. You don't need (or want!) to be woken up at 3am for a minor alarm condition. With T/Mon, you can filter nuisance alarms (temporarily or permanently) to maintain your focus on the real threats. You can also use alarm severity to dictate automatic alerts at different times of the day. You can even set up technician schedules, so T/Mon will automatically follow your weekly/monthly "on call" technician schedule.Client Reviews. (show all)
There is no other network on the planet that is exactly like yours. For that reason, you need to build a monitoring system that's the right fit for you.
"Buying more than you need" and "buying less than you need" are real risks. You also have to think about training, tech support, and upgrade availability.
Send me a quick online message about what you're trying to accomplish. I'll work with you to build a custom PDF application diagram that's a perfect fit for your network.
Your network isn't off-the-shelf.
Your monitoring system shouldn't be, either.
We'll walk you through this with a customized monitoring diagram.
Just tell us what you're trying to accomplish with remote monitoring.Get a Custom Diagram


text:
Religion & Spirituality:Christianity
Giving - Sermon on the Mount Week 9
Speaker: Jon Thompson
Scripture: Matthew 6:1-4
Description: Exegeting Matthew 6:1-4
Download The Study Guide Here
Series Title: Sermon on the Mount
Series Description: The Sermon on the Mount gives us insight into what the Kingdom of God looks like and feels like! In this series we find out that Jesus is not just imaging a different world that is unattainble; no, what we are about to walk through is the grand reversal of the status quo! We see how the new heavens and eart is breaking into the now, it is a foretaste of what will permeate. The Kingdom of God is real, is doable, is possible and is expected by Jesus for his new people!
Create your
podcast in
It is Free


text:
new The Vendor California Id 1 Fake scannable Trusted
The alcohol laws of Wisconsin consist of both statewide statutes and local ordinances governing the sale of alcohol.
When Wisconsin became a state , settlers from the eastern United States (known as Yankees) took issue with the consumption of booze by German immigrants on Sunday, as well as the prevalence of alcoholism. The Wisconsin legislature passed a law in 1849 that made liquor sellers liable for the costs incurred by local governments in supporting alcoholics. Ten years later, the state prohibited liquor sales on Sundays.[1]
In 1872, alcohol regulation reached new heights in the state with the passage of the Graham Law. This legislation prohibited drunkenness and the sale of alcohol to minors, and required all liquor sellers to post a $2,000 bond (more than $30,000 in 2007 U.S. dollars).[2] German-Americans fought the new law in the courts and at the ballot box. Although they lost challenges in the courts, they were able to elect a legislature friendlier to alcohol consumption. In 1874, the new lawmakers passed less restrictive laws that lowered the bond to $500, allowed Sunday liquor sales, and created certain safe havens for liquor sellers to escape liability for alcoholics.[1]
Alcohol consumption was banned in Wisconsin during Prohibition (1920-1933). But even before Prohibition ended, Wisconsin created work-arounds. In 1926, voters approved a referendum allowing the manufacture of beer, if not its consumption. The state repealed its law enforcing Prohibition in 1929.[3] Wisconsin Senator John J. Blaine sponsored the Act that later became the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution, ending Prohibition.[4]Using Data Faker How Node To js js Mock Applications For The state was the second to ratify the amendment on April 25, 1933.[5]
Retail sale of alcohol[edit]
State law prohibits retail sale of liquor and wine between 9:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., and beer between midnight and 6:00 a.m.[6] State law allows local municipalities to further restrict retail sales of alcohol, or ban the issuance of retail liquor licenses altogether.[7] Local ordinances often prohibit retail beer sale after 9:00 p.m.
At least two municipalities in Wisconsin prohibited the retail sale of alcohol until recently: the city of Sparta,[8][9] and the village of Ephraim.[10][11] In the April 1, 2014 Wisconsin spring election, voters in Sparta narrowly passed a referendum to allow the sale of beer and wine in groceries and convenience stores. The ban on the sale of liquor within the city remains in effect.[12] In the April 5, 2016, voters in Ephraim passed a referendum to allow the sale of beer and wine in restaurants and businesses.[13]
Beverage sale of alcohol[edit]
State law requires that bars be closed between 2:00 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. Monday through Friday and between 2:30 a.m. and 6:00 a.m. on Saturday and Sunday. Exceptions are made on New Year's Eve, when no closing is required, and for changes in Daylight Saving Time. State law does not permit municipalities to further restrict when bars must be closed.[6] Municipalities may elect, however, to prohibit the issuance of liquor licenses, making the municipality effectively dry.[7]
Drinking age[edit]
The drinking age in Wisconsin is 21. Those under the legal drinking age may be served, possess, or consume alcohol if they are with a parent, legal guardian, or spouse who is of legal drinking age.[14][15] Those age 18 to 20 may also possess (but not consume) alcohol as part of their employment.[6] In the early 70s the sale of alcohol was reduced to the age of 18. The 1983 Wisconsin Act 74, effective July 1, 1984, created a drinking age of 19. Meeting in special session at the call of the governor, the legislature enacted 1985 Wisconsin Act 337, which raised the drinking age to 21 and brought the state into compliance with the NMDA (National Minimum Drinking Age) on September 1, 1986.[16]
The NMDA law was amended to permit an exception for those persons who were between ages 18 and 21 on the effective date of the law. Wisconsin 19- and 20-year-olds were "grandfathered in" by this exception after enactment of Act 337. In effect, the state did not have a uniform age of 21 until September 1, 1988.[16]
See also[edit]
Referencesnew The Vendor California Id 1 Fake scannable [editOf 38 Closing Collection In Images Letter Collection]
- ^ a b Joseph A. Ranney, 'Aliens and "Real Americans": Law & Ethnic Assimilation in Wisconsin, 1846-1920 Archived 2009-12-24 at the Wayback Machine', Wisconsin Lawyer.
- ^ Consumer Price Index (CPI) Conversion Factors 1774 to estimated 2019 to Convert to Dollars of 2007 http://oregonstate.edu/cla/polisci/faculty-research/sahr/cv2007.pdf Archived 2009-07-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Joseph A. Ranney. "Demon rum and Sunday lager: The temperence movemenet (sic) in Wisconsin".
- ^ Brewing and Prohibition. Wisconsin Historical Society.
- ^ Alcohol Policy in Wisconsin History
- ^ a b c Wisconsin Department of Revenue. Wisconsin Alcohol Beverage and Tobacco Laws for Retailers. May 2008.
- ^ a bCan A All But Mormon Create It's Identity This Legal You Fake Wis. Stat. 125.05.
- ^ "Referendum on beer, alcohol sales fails". La Crosse Tribune. April 6, 2011. p. B2.
- ^ Chris Hubbuch, "Sparta again says no to alcohol sales," La Crosse Tribune, April 8, 2009.
- ^ "A Brief History of Ephraim". Village of Ephraim. Archived from the original on June 9, 2011.
- ^ Resolution 06-247, July 25, 2006. City of Oshkosh, Wisconsin.
- ^ Lake, Brittany (April 1, 2014). "Voters approve Sparta beer sales". WXOW.
- ^ Samantha Hernandez (April 5, 2016). "Ephraim dry no more". Green Bay Press-Gazette.
- ^ "Wisconsin State Statutes section 125.07(1)". Wisconsin State Statutes. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
- ^ "Wisconsin Department of Revenue". Retrieved 10 February 2019.
- ^ a b Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, Brief 95-3: The Minimum Drinking Age in Wisconsin Archived 2012-02-19 at the Wayback Machine


text:
Photo Gallery
(CNN) — Martian rock #N165, it's your time to shine, or glow, or whatever occurs when a hard substance gets zapped by a laser beam.
From about 10 feet away, the Mars rover Curiosity's ChemCam will take aim Saturday night at the hapless three-inch rock.
"We are going to hit it with 14 millijoules of energy 30 times in 10 seconds," Roger Wiens of Los Alamos National Laboratory told reporters.
A millijoule is 1/1000th of a joule, which is way too complicated to explain here. Suffice to say, it should get the job done.
ChemCam, short for Chemistry and Camera, will analyze the resulting glowing, ionized gas in an effort to identify chemical elements in the rock.
Scientists say it will be the first time such a powerful laser has been used on another planet. The laser works in conjunction with a telescope.
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory said Friday that Curiosity's first driving destination will be Glenelg, about 1,300 feet from the rover's landing site.
"We had a bunch of strong contenders. It is the kind of dilemma planetary scientists dream of, but you can only go one place for the first drilling for a rock sample on Mars," said project scientist John Grotzinger. "That first drilling will be a huge moment in the history of Mars exploration."
The mobile science lab touched down on Mars early on August 6 and has been beaming back images of the surface of Gale Crater ever since.
The rover's primary target is Mount Sharp, a peak about 8 kilometers (5 miles) away. But moving about a football field a day, with lengthy stops, it could take nearly a year to reach the slopes at the base of the mountain.


text:
LA's Daily Breeze is reporting (and now confirmed by other outlets) that director Tony Scott jumped to his death on Sunday from the Vincent Thomas Bridge spanning San Pedro and Terminal Island.
According to the Los Angeles County coroner's officials, Scott (68) climbed a fence on the south side of the bridge's apex and leapt off "without hesitation" around 12:30 p.m.
Investigators found a note in Scott's black Toyota Prius which listed contact information. A suicide note was later found at his office.
A spokesman for the Scott family said: "I can confirm that Mr. Scott has indeed passed away. The family asks that their privacy be respected at this time."
Scott is known for directing such films as Top Gun, Beverly Hills Cop II, Days of Thunder, The Last Boy Scout, True Romance, Crimson Tide, Enemy of the State, Spy Game, Man on Fire, Deja Vu, The Taking of Pelham 123 and most recently, Unstoppable.
Scott and his older brother, Ridley Scott, also produced films and such TV dramas as "Numb3rs" and "The Good Wife." The pair recently wrapped "Coma," a four-hour, two-night medical thriller starring Ellen Burstyn set for release next month on A&E.
Scott was married to actress Donna Scott. They have twin sons.
UPDATE #1: ABC News is reporting that "Tony Scott, director of 'Top Gun,' 'Days of Thunder' and 'Crimson Tide,' had inoperable brain cancer, a source close to him told ABC News."
UPDATE #2: We're not sure who ABC News's source was, but TMZ is now reporting that Tony Scott did NOT have brain cancer or any other severe medical issues that would have caused him to take his own life.
UPDATE #3: The Los Angeles County coroner's officials said today that the notes Tony Scott left behind for family and friends did not give a motive why he would commit suicide and made no mention of any health issues.
(Photo Credit: FayesVision/WENN.com)


text:
NEW YORK (AP) — Even in the second round, when the New York Rangers had to rally from a 3-1 deficit against the high-powered Pittsburgh Penguins to reach the Eastern Conference finals, they never found themselves this far behind this early in a series.
Down 2-0, and almost down and out before they even got home to Madison Square Garden.
That is the hole the Rangers are in after a pair of overtime losses in Los Angeles to the Kings. The outcomes would have been bad enough for the Broadway Blueshirts in their first finals appearance since winning the Cup 20 years ago, but how they lost only adds to their disappointment.
The Rangers led 2-0 in the first period of both games, and they were up by two goals three times in Game 2 — including a 4-2 edge heading into the third period Saturday night. New York was 10-0 in the postseason when holding the lead after 40 minutes.
That loss has the Rangers on the brink of a quick exit unless they can turn things around in a hurry Monday in Game 3.
"Our guys are going to be real focused," Rangers coach Alain Vigneault said Sunday after the team's cross-country flight home to New York. "We need to hold serve. We're back in our building. We've played some good hockey. We might feel that we deserve a better outcome than what we have right now, which is trailing by two games, but it doesn't matter.
"We've got to take care of business (Monday), and that's what we're going to do. We've got to win."
The Kings aren't thrilled that they were forced to erase two-goal leads in three straight games to win in overtime, dating to their victory in Game 7 of the Western Conference finals at Chicago.
Yet comebacks have been Los Angeles' preferred method throughout the playoffs: rallying from a 3-0 deficit in the first round against San Jose and a 3-2 hole to eliminate the defending champion Blackhawks.
They even came back from another 3-2 deficit in the second round against Anaheim, after dropping three straight following a 2-0 start.
"You're never not of the belief that you can't come back or you're not going to win," Kings coach Darryl Sutter said Sunday upon arriving in New York. "We've played a lot of hockey in May and June over the past three seasons."
Now they will look to carry their success into Madison Square Garden on Monday night. Here are five things to watch for in Game 3:
PLAYING FROM BEHIND: The Kings are in a most enviable position, holding a 2-0 lead in the Stanley Cup finals, yet they have gotten there unlike any team before. They are the first to win three consecutive playoff games after trailing by two goals. They also have four multi-goal comeback victories in these playoffs. That hasn't happened since Philadelphia earned five such wins in 1987, the NHL said, citing the Elias Sports Bureau.
"We're not proud of the way we're starting games," Kings forward Justin Williams said. "We find ourselves in the same situation, regurgitating the same mumbo-jumbo every time. We're in a results-oriented league. The results are we're up 2-0. I don't care how we got here."
Teams that won the first two finals games at home are 32-3. Overall, since the finals went to a best-of-seven format in 1939, 43 of 48 teams that led 2-0 claimed the Cup.
COMING HOME: Marian Gaborik leads the NHL with 13 playoff goals this year, just two shy of the Kings' record of 15 set by Wayne Gretzky in 1993. Gaborik netted the tying tally in the third period of Los Angeles' 5-4 double-overtime victory over the Rangers in Game 2, and will be looking to do more damage in his first return to Madison Square Garden since being traded by New York to Columbus in 2013 after four seasons on Broadway. He scored over 40 goals twice with the Rangers and got as far as the Eastern finals in 2012.
"Definitely the building has a lot of history," Gaborik said of the Garden. "Everybody that goes and plays there, it has that extra jump. Just to look around the building itself, it has some sort of an energy that you want to be in there and you want to just play. A lot of our guys, the whole team, will have that energy. We're going to come out strong."
RICHARDS' REGRESSION: Rangers forward Brad Richards, who has emerged as the team's symbolic captain although no one has had that distinction since Ryan Callahan was traded in March, has struggled. He followed a sub-par opening game with a poor performance in Game 2, when he was a minus-3 and committed a turnover that helped the Kings cut the deficit to 2-1 in the second period. But for now there is no sign that Richards might get benched as he was in last year's postseason by former coach John Tortorella.
GETTING TIRED: The Los Angeles Kings played a record 21 games in the first three rounds of the playoffs, with overtime sprinkled in the past three games. So there is no question they are tired, but defenseman Drew Doughty is likely the most worn out. The stellar blue-liner logged a game-high 41 minutes, 41 seconds in Game 2.
If the Kings are seeking a fresh addition to the lineup they could turn to defenseman Robyn Regehr, who is close to returning after missing 15 games since May 3, when he injured a knee in the second-round opener at Anaheim.
PLAYING LATE: For the third straight year, the first two games of the Stanley Cup finals have required overtime. Before 2012, it hadn't happened in 61 years. There have been 25 overtime games in 80 games played this year's playoffs, and road teams are 14-11. The record for one year is 28, set in 1993.
Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


text:
Good, Affordable Dental Insurance Options in Gold Lake Estates, AR
If you are looking for the best supplier for dental insurance in Gold Lake Estates, AR, the firm to work with is SavePlans. Not only will you be assured of getting top quality dental care when working with this firm, but you will also be able to save a lot of money. SavePlans offers dental discount cards that have great benefits compared to traditional dental insurance. There are no hidden fees associated with the plans and you will be guaranteed of immediate access to benefits as well as major cost savings on the dental procedures.
What are Good, Low Cost Alternatives to Dental Insurance in Gold Lake Estates, AR
When you decide to get alternative dental insurance in Gold Lake Estates, AR from SavePlans, you will be taking charge of your own health. Just with a one-year investment, you will be able to gain access to great dental providers throughout the country at very affordable prices that you would rarely get anywhere else. All you need to do is choose a provider from our network and then book an appointment. Once the provider knows that you are part of the discounted plan, you will only be required to pay only the pre-negotiated amount for any services the dentist and his staff will provide you.
Dental Discount Cards: Affordable & Dependable Coverage in Gold Lake Estates
The focus of SavePlans is to bring only the best products on the market, so you can be assured of getting more benefits faster than you ever imagined. Among the top brands that we offer include the Careington POS plan, Aetna Dental Access as well as the Careington Care 500. Each plan has approximately 100,000 providers or more for you to choose from. Specialist appointments without referrals, orthodontics and much more are also part of the plan. Many people that have used our discount cards have great things to say about them. They are affordable and will ensure that you get everything you need for yourself and your family. You can get fillings, preventive care and much more without breaking your bank account.
Sign Up Today to Get Low-Cost and Dependable Dental Treatment in Gold Lake Estates, AR
You can easily order our discount cards online and get reliable alternative dental insurance in Gold Lake Estates, AR so you are never left holding the bag. You can also use our contact number to order the dental discount card. You can even use the discount cards immediately and get maximum savings. With SavePlans, you will be assured of rock bottom prices as well as best quality in profession when getting your dental treatment.


text:
BBC News
- Brexit: Johnson in race to win support for deal
- Scottish Court reviews bid to stop 'illegal' Brexit deal
- Five charged over Extinction Rebellion Tube protests
- 'County-lines gangs fuelling' child slavery rise
- Police arrest 743 in blitz on 'county lines' drugs gangs
- Suspected mumps among south Wales university students
- Duke and Duchess of Cambridge: Royal plane aborts landing after Pakistan storms
- Conservative MP Mark Field to stand down over Brexit disagreement
- Sainsbury's to stop selling fireworks
- Feeding ducks bread: Viral sign sparks anger and confusion
- Little Mix to create new bands for BBC TV talent show
- Brexit: What happens now?
- Brexit deal: What does it mean?
- Brexit deal: Where have the UK and EU compromised?
- Legal bid at Court of Session to stop MPs passing 'illegal' Brexit deal
- Autism: Strangers help Abertillery girl celebrate birthday
- Motorbiking to Everest: Landslides, monsoons and altitude
- Gerry Adams: A past that hasn't gone away
- Channel 4 move makes Leeds the new media city
- The man who owns 1,000 meteorites
- Harry Dunn death: Is extraditing Anne Sacoolas a realistic prospect?
- What impact will US tariffs have on Scotch whisky?
- Prince William and Kate bowl over royal fans on Pakistan tour
- Which crimes are least likely to be solved?
- BBC 100 Women 2019: Who is on the list this year?
- Boris Johnson's new Brexit deal - will MPs support it?
- New Brexit deal: Four ways it's different, one way it's the same
- Brexit: What is the DUP and what does it believe in?
- BA passengers: Cabin fumes affected our health
- Man's giant vegetables set new world records
- Angry commuters drag protesters from London Tube
- The Papers: Johnson's plea to MPs after sealing Brexit deal
- Demand for transgender awareness courses 'up 50%'
- 'County lines': Aberdeenshire, Perthshire and Highlands targeted by drugs gangs
- Brexit: DUP 'encouraging' Tory MPs to reject deal
- Brexit: Labour MPs who want PM's deal should 'be honest'
Our traditional ANY-Village websites can still be found at their original location:
Below we are listing some of the most popular UK property websites advertising homes for sale in the Soham area:
Nestoria (SOHAM Map Search)
Vebra.com (SOHAM Map Search)
Rightmove (SOHAM Map Search)
Zoopla (Soham Map Search)
Homes for SALE / Flats for SALE in SOHAM
Homes for RENT / Flats for RENT in SOHAM


text:
Nice work! Enjoy the show!
Link Copied!
Plane skids off runway at NY airport
Opening Sequence
Trump urges GOP to 'get tougher' against impeachment inquiry
Canada's Trudeau retains power but loses majority
Trump rebukes critics over Syria, G7, Ukraine
Behind AOC's Sanders endorsement
Netanyahu gives up effort to form new government
Reforms fail to please Lebanon's protesters
Boeing may face billions more losses - analysts
Final 'Star Wars Episode IX' trailer arrives
World in Pictures
Closing Sequence


text:
Crew Treasurer
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
Crew Officers include the: Crew President, VP-Administration, VP-Program, Crew Secretary, and Crew Treasurer.
| This is the Crew Treasurer youth Venturing position of responsibility.
For the adult position on a troop, team or crew committee, see Unit Treasurer.
|Serving as Crew Treasurer can apply towards Positions of Responsibility requirementss for Star, Life, and Eagle.
|Crew Treasurer
The Crew Treasurer serves as the youth financial officer of the crew, he or she is elected by the youth members, and is responsible for keeping accurate records of the income and expenditures of the crew's funds.
Position description
The Crew Treasurer is elected by the youth members and is the youth financial officer of the crew. He or she collects, deposits, and accounts for all money coming to the crew from dues, money-earning projects, or other sources. Records are reviewed at crew officer's meeting and officer's meeting of the status of the crew's budget.
The treasurer sets crew budgets by estimating income and expenses based on the activity calendar and is reviewed by the crew officers, activity chairs and the Advisor. All expenditures are approved by crew officers and the Advisor. Crew members should approve large amounts. The treasurer may be assisted by the Crew Committee treasurer to set up bookkeeping procedures, bank accounts, money-handling methods and as act as auditor to the crew treasurer.
Reports to
- Serves as the financial officer and, in that position, maintains financial records and monitors the crew budget.
- Collects and disburses crew funds.
- Communicates with the officers and members on a regular basis to keep them informed about the crew's finances.
- Sets an example by following the rules of the crew.
- Wears the uniform appropriate to the Venturing crew.
- Learns and lives by the Scout Oath and the Scout Law.
- Approaches Venturing in the spirit of fun, and spreads this spirit in carrying out the treasurer's responsibilities.
As a Crew Officer:
- Fosters and develops an environment within the crew that has a true sense of community, that encourages growth and responsibility to one another.
- Works in a spirit of partnership with the Crew Advisor.
- Assists in developing a program of activities for the crew help carry them out.
- Upholds the standards and policies of the chartered organization and the Boy Scouts of America.
- Ensures that activities are conducted within BSA safety guidelines and requirements.
- Cultivates the capacity to enjoy life - have fun and explore while leading.
The Crew Treasurer is the financial youth officer in its unit. Other financial youth officers are:
- Scribe ─ Scouts BSA
- Crew Treasurer ─ Venturing
- Purser ─ Sea Scouting
- Post Treasurer ─ Exploring
See also
|Venturing portal
- Positions of Responsibility
- Venturing
- Venturing Gold Award
- Venturing Silver Award
- Star Rank
- Life Rank
- Eagle Scout Rank
Crew Positions of Responsibility and Adult Advisers
|Crew Officers:
|President • Vice President - Administration • Vice President - Program • Secretary • Treasurer
|Special crew officers:
|Crew Guide • Quartermaster • Historian
|Other crew officers:
|Musician • Den Chief
|Advisor • Associate Advisor(s) • Crew Committee Secretary • Crew Committee Treasurer


text:
Contact us 24/7: +1 877 678 9627
Beth Richards
Beth Richards designs modern swimwear that's as chic in water as it is on land. Made from specially sourced, UV-protecting Italian fabrics, her bikinis are cut high on the waist for the most flattering fit. Cleverly combining form and function, these sleek monochrome pieces are a vacation must.


text:
MilwFoodlovers While I would love to join you for Friday Fish Fry, you'all eat far too late for this diabetic.
Pie Diva It has been difficult enough to get Jim to Elias Inn (he is not a fish eater and not much more of a chicken one)
JRPfeff Elias Inn does not take reservations, so we'll be looking at a really long wait for anything but an Early Bird (i.e, Senior-, Old Timer-, MFL-) Dinner. We are willing to try the place Brad suggested instead.
JRPfeff An afternoon of slotcar racing? No, this ain't BIG TIME like the swells in Duh's Plaines.
JRPfeffContact Buddy for a stop at Scottie's, but get there very, very early (like that is an option with Mr. Roadhouse).


text:
Free shipping continues above € 99
Free shipping continues above € 99
Piccantino created by LPWK et Jim Hannon-Tan is a Chili scruncher to use in the kitchen or on the table and brings to mind the famous red chili-shaped good luck charm from Naples. In delicate, biological design it unites two very different senses: the tender softness of transparent rubber and the hard elegance of polished steel. It was conceived to solve the problem this irritating spice presents of coming into direct contact with the skin and mucous membranes. When gentle pressure is applied on the rubber container, red pepper gets broken into small pieces without the fingers coming in contact. It can be a gift; a small, precious object for connoisseurs of spicy food… and like chili itself: it goes just about anywhere.
Born in Bergamo, Italy, Laura Polinoro graduated in Drama Art and Music Studies in Bologna. Her first job was in the field of contemporary dance as art director and costume and set designer. Later she undertook research at the Domus Academy in Milan. From 1990 to 1998 she was in charge of the Centro Studi Alessi, where she operated as meta-project designer and art director, coordinating workshops both in-house and in association with various universities and design institutes the world over. She was also involved in publishing and communications activities. Items which entered production in that period are identified with the acronym "CSA". Since 2004 products overseen by Ms. Polinoro have been identified with the letters "LPWK"
Born in Santiago de Compostela Spain in 1975 and grew up in Australia. Jim has been based in Milan since 2001 and has collaborated with Stefano Giovannoni, Sebastian Bergne, Jozeph Forakis and George J Sowden. He finds inspiration in new technologies and cultural misunderstandings.


text:
How to Create a Paper-pieced Fish
Combine your circle stamps with punches and cardstock to create an adorable little fish for your summer swimming layouts. The simple shape and design of these accents makes them so easy, even your kids can make them.
Li'l Fish by Danielle Flanders, as seen in Scrapbooking Ideas for Every Season, page 125.
How to Create a Paper-pieced Fish
1. Punch a 2" circle from white cardstock. This will be the base of the fish, where you'll attach the scales.
2. Stamp 3 to 4 small circles on white cardstock using a light color of ink.
3. Punch out small stamped circles using a 1" pinked or scallop circle punch.
4. Cut each of the small, punched out circles in half.
-- Continued on page 2 --
Appeared in:
|To comment on this article you must be logged in. Not a member?


text:
Gill has 18 years of experience in marketing and team development, and as a key contributor to executive management. As SVP of Marketing, Brian will support the company's strategic objectives, discover new ways to innovate with top-quality tools, provide relevant and timely communications, and create an exceptional brand experience.
Lee: "Like our founders, I believe that people come to 4Life at the right time and for the right reason. Brian comes to us with a wealth of experience in marketing, but more importantly, the kind of marketing specific to direct sales. He will make a great addition to our executive team."
Prior to joining 4Life, Gill served as vice president of marketing for a startup direct sales company, where he was instrumental in building the brand from scratch and launching six products in the first year. Prior to that, he led the marketing efforts both nationally and internationally for a fast-growing e-commerce, party plan company, implementing marketing communication and promotional campaigns that engaged customers and garnered significant revenue for the company.
Throughout his career, Gill has honed his craft by marketing everything from nutritional and herbal products to cosmetics and skin care.
Gill: "I'm grateful to work in an industry where the products and culture are designed to help people achieve a better quality of life. I'm proud to work for an organization whose brand promise is Together, Building People through science, success, and service."
Gill holds a bachelor's degree in International Law and Diplomacy from Brigham Young University, a master's degree from Utah State University, and professional certification in Integrated Marketing Communication from the University of Utah. His personal interests include health and nutrition, racquetball, live theater and music, reading, writing, hiking, and spending time with his family.
4Life has offices in 24 countries to serve a global network of independent distributors and their customers.
For more information:
Calvin Jolley
Vice President, Communications
4Life Research USA, LLC
[email protected]
You are trying to view a My4Life page. Please log out in order to view this website.


text:
BEIJING (Reuters) – China should buy gold to further diversify and protect its foreign exchange reserves, the head of research at China's central bank said in comments published on Monday.
Gold has become "the only safe heaven for risk-averse investors" when other assets from government bonds to property are losing value, Zhang Jianhua, the head of the research department at the People's Bank of China, wrote in the Financial News, a newspaper published by the central bank.
"The Chinese government… needs to further optimise China's foreign exchange asset portfolio and to seek relatively low entry points to buy gold assets," Zhang wrote.
Calls for Beijing to spend part of its $3.2 trillion foreign exchange reserves on gold are frequent among analysts, but China's central bank typically seeks to cool down such talk.
Yi Gang, the head of China's State Administration of Foreign Exchange, said earlier this year that the gold market is too small and too volatile for China's foreign exchange reserves.
According to China's central bank figures, China currently holds 33.89 million ounces of gold in its reserves, unchanged since April 2009.
Zhang wrote that as the world's major central banks are expected to pump more liquidity into money markets to support sagging economic growth — such as the Bank of England's restarted quantitative easing programme — gold will only look more attractive.
"It's unknown whether newly-injected money will help to boost fragile investor confidence, but it's quite predictable that liquidity would flood again to create additional inflationary pressure," he wrote.
Gold is traditionally bought as a hedge against inflation risks and has rallied to record levels as central banks have engaged in unorthodox monetary policies and printed money to restart growth in the wake of the 2008/09 financial crisis. (Reporting by Zhou Xin and Koh Gui Qing; Editing by Nick Edwards)
© Thomson Reuters 2011 All rights reserved


text:
Merhaba and welcome to Izmir, the Pearl of the Aegean! Our private expat community was set up with you in mind — to help you settle into your new life and make the most of every opportunity during your stay in Turkey. All the questions running through your mind can be answered by our experienced community members, whether you're wondering about the best schools for your children, how to organize healthcare, or how much a loaf of bread should cost. Join our Izmir expat events to meet like-minded friends in this exciting city.
With InterNations, you never stand alone. Whether you move to another city or go on a business trip somewhere — our communities are there to make you feel at home wherever you are in the world. Feel free to also check out our other vibrant InterNations Communities like the ones in Dubai or Riyadh.
Attend our monthly events and activities for Izmir expatriates to get to know like-minded expatriates in real life.
Get trustworthy advice and local insights from fellow members in our Izmir expat forums.
Izmir is well known for its excellent schools, hospitals, and beautiful waterside location. It is a university city — there are seven different universities in the city itself and two more just beyond, bringing with them all the energy and vibrancy you'd expect from a student population — where great food, shopping malls, cinemas, and theaters can easily be found. It also means job opportunities for qualified expats, as many Turkish universities are English speaking. Regardless of this, many students are keen to improve their English, which provides another working opportunity. Other than teaching, Izmir is famous as a port city, making it an economic hub for freight, trade, and exporting. Many in the city cultivate products for export, such as olives, figs, grapes, and tobacco. The city has a much calmer pace of life than Istanbul, but is certainly not lacking in culture. On your days off, you are just a stone's throw from biblical Ephesus, Pamukkale, and Hierapolis, and the Aegean's best beaches. Most of the population is Muslim, but Izmir's unique mix of Greek, Armenian, and Jewish history lends it a much more Mediterranean feel than the rest of Turkey and explains its more liberal politics.
InterNations is the largest global network for expatriates, with communities in 420 cities across the globe. Get to know fellow internationals in your city, before you're moving, or when traveling somewhere and never feel like a stranger. InterNations makes it easy for you to stay in touch with your expat friends, both online and offline, so you can grow your network of friends and contacts from all over the world. Whether they live in Brussels or Singapore, InterNations allows you to be close to them even if they are miles away.
The InterNations Izmir Community has members from across the world, from Australia to Germany and India, who all go through a careful approval process and respect our guiding principles. Making friends is one of the best ways to feel at home in a new place, so join one of Izmir's many groups — there are groups dedicated to photography, dance, local cooking, excursions, and even board games. There really is something for everyone and they're sure to excite you about life in Izmir. You can also attend our larger social and networking events, open to the entire community.


text:
Sign your kids up for our Parents' Night Out event and you get to have a night free to go shopping, maybe go out to dinner… whatever you like!
- Includes Pizza & Juice Box!
- Siblings are HALF OFF!
- Available for toddlers to attend!
What to Bring:
- Refillable Water Bottle
- Snack, if you like
- Change of Clothes (pajamas are good too!)
- blanket and pillow for the movie if you want
$25+ tax/child … SIBLING is HALF PRICE!
**Includes 1 slice of pizza and a juice box!**
TO REGISTER: Call 519-623-5437 to book your spot!
Price is $25+tax per child per date. Siblings are $12.50+tax per date. Full payment required at time of reservation. Payments are non-refundable but are transferable at manager's discretion. Manager's decision is final. Limited availability to those under 3 and not toilet trained; reserve early to avoid disappointment. Dinner will be delivered at 5:30pm. Movie starts at approx. 7:30pm in the studio.


text:
I know how to use scp or wget to download a file on a remote server to my local machine. However, if I'm already logged into a server with ssh, is there a command that lets me download a file in the pwd on the server onto my local machine?
I suppose I can use scp, but my local machine is usually behind a router. Would I have to open a port in the router?


text:
General Catalog
Bug-O's General Product brochure and Six Ways brochure are great tools to get an overview of our product line and ways to improve your productivity.
Go-fer IV
The GO-FER® IV is a portable, versatile and robust tractor designed for all your cutting and welding needs
Modular Drive System
The Modular Drive System is the only product in the industry that allows the user to configure one machine for various automated applications
The Hob-o is a lightweight precision Hole Borer and Beveler that is easy to use. It is easily carried to the work, and is quickly centered on the work piece.
CIR-O machines are lightweight, heavy-duty, multiple use circular drives. Each of the three sizes of machines has a positive rack
Programmable Circle Burners/Welders
Bug-O Programmable Automatic Circle Burners cut straight or beveled holes on domed heads, vessels and large diameter pipe.
Circle Welders/Burners with Rise & Fall Cam
Bug-O Automatic Circle Burners cut square or beveled holes in lightweight pipe or vessels. Our Automatic Circle Welders are designed for single or multipass
Universal Bug-O-Matic
The Universal Bug-O-Matic is a compact unit which combines a powerful drive and precision oscillator all in one housing.
Piper-Plus Pipe Welding System
The PIPER-PLUS is a self contained, digitally controlled, mechanized pipe welding system, producing high deposition rates with excellent weld quality
Rails & Attachments
Bug-O Systems offers rail for a variety of applications. Each type of rail requires a corresponding carriage and magnets or vacuum cups.
Bug-O's Machine cutting torches are designed to handle all types of machine cutting applications.
Fixturing Equipment
Bug-O's Fixturing Equipment includes standalone weavers and torch supports.
Saddle & Elbow Cutters
Bug-O Saddle and Elbow Cutters automate the cutting of saddle cuts, offset cuts, laterals, miters, holes and shapes quickly, easily, and economically.
Stiffener Welders
Bug-O Stiffener Welders are self-contained, dual head welding travel carriages with integrated wire feeders and spool mounts.
Bug-O Uni-bugs are designed to run directly on your work piece. They fit specific steel profiles such as flat bar, angle, channel, I-beams and bulb flats
The Bug-O K-Bug series includes compact portable fillet welders for straight line or stitch welding as well as weavers for all position welding.
Automatic Height Control
Bug-O Systems' Automatic Height Control is a compact, easy to use accessory designed to maintain a constant welding torch-to-work distance.
Supports and Accessories
Bug-O Systems Supports & Accessories include welding and cutting racking groups, panographs and supports that can be utilized with our products.
Shape Machines
Bug-O's Programmable Shape Machines are easy to use 2-axis machines which you can program to run any contour or pattern for both welding and cutting
Automatic Arc Gouging System
Bug-O Systems AGS-4000 Automatic Gouging System features a high resolution voltage control, automatic feed head and our Modular Drive System
Bug-O Systems recommends BevelerUSA
Speed Weaver II
The Speed Weaver II is a compact, precision, all-position machine, designed for maximum versatility in oscillation


text:
Cyprus Preps Hail Mary Plan to Avoid Euro-Zone Break
Cyprus lawmakers are locked in an eleventh hour bid to prevent the collapse of the country's banking system, and a possible break from the Euro Zone. WSJ's Charles Forelle reports on The News Hub. Photo: Getty Images.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... the the ... lawmakers are locked in an eleventh hour bid to prevent the collapse of the country's banking system ... and possibly be forced out of the euro zone ... WSJ's Charles Forelle joins me now from one minute when for Terrell thanks for joining us this morning ... to my ... so what's the latest effort on the ISE Cypress's bids to secure this critical financially ... it also receives about six billion euro Z visa come up with its six billion euros European authorities have promised it and if it can come up with six on its own ... they are scrambling to find a way to come up with six billion year as one solution is on the table now is take one of Cypress's most troubled banks that probably services most troubled bank ... split it up and winded down the lawmakers estimate that that could reduce by about ... three billion years or so ... aam the cash means that they have ... again Cypress is still short of money and desperate ... to find something before the banking system reopens next week and that really under the gun here mean they have ... very little time to get this that right in fact today they need to make key decisions ... in India to the banking system has effectively been close since last weekend Monday is a skillful bank holiday in Cyprus ... the European Central Bank however has said that an emergency lifeline that is keeping ... adding the Cypriot banking system afloat is going to be turned off on Monday ... that means if the banks are open on Tuesday something else needs be done ... on there's been a lot of ... and a slow moving on Cyprus this bill was requested in the middle of two thousand twelve has been a there's been a lot of discussion nothing has happened at the CBS focus the discussion ... by saying on Monday to switch gets turned on ... and how was the possibility that in fact papers will be forced to leave the euro zone ... well if it cannot come up with the money that it needs to that six billion year as ... I'm right it is a country's GDP of about eighteen billion euro so imagine ... I if the US of the GDP of fifteen trillion dollars or so as as to come up with five trillion dollars in a week and it's not a small task ... aam if they're unable to do that the options are very narrow and one of the only options perhaps to to save the banking system or to keep the country going is to say ... or to start printing our own currency prints of three pounds ... I'm in the in re start that way ... aam that's obviously a last ditch option that nobody particularly wants to take on this one is getting closer and closer as a resolution that appears this ... and what it really be that the fallout at that time in terms of other euro zone countries ... an hour early voting is a great video here that has taken a high of one of our ... Wall Street Journal ... colleagues on the team that thing and it's a great great stuff ... you know ... what it did there's a ... there's a big problem here which is that one of the primary Ted loses he could be broken which is that no countries Everest us to leave the euro zone the the euro zone has ... had through this three years of this crisis has made extraordinary efforts to keep Greece inside the euro zone ... to convince depositors in Spain and Italy investors in those countries government bonds that there's absolutely no risk of Spain and Italy leaving the euro zone ... this is supposed to be something that is off the table ... the euro zone is that hundreds of billions to try to make sure that it is ... and it's tiny Cyprus does that and it's broken it's very difficult to say what exactly that means ... I'm but it's certainly not good for Spaniards and Italians to watch ... their Cypriot peers lineup around the block on an ETN is and it would be even worse to see them you know have their Euro accounts converted into something else and withdrawn and parents from an op ed thank you Charles for Ally for joining us this morning with the latest privacy of it and press enter to continue to follow ... this story on WS J dot com throughout the debt


text: A concourse at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport. Karen Bleier /AFP/Getty Images hide caption toggle caption Karen Bleier /AFP/Getty Images The Two-Way Those 'Hygienic' Toilet Seats At O'Hare May Not Be So Clean January 29, 2013 The Chicago Sun-Times went inside the stalls and found that plastic wrappers designed to automatically cover toilet seats were not keeping things spick-and-span. Don't sit down before you hear this news.


text:
Back to Directory Search
Phone: 3238734793
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
URL: http://www.ushangi.com
More Information
"My inspiration is nature."
"My work is an ongoing study of the dynamic relationship between form and emotion."
Ushangi is an internationally known artist/sculptor working primarily in stone. Ushangi's work is highly recognizable for its unique artistry and style, which stem from his inner vision and his immersion in the culture of his native Georgia and other ethnic cultures of the former Soviet Union.
His lifelong devotion to his art began at age 9, with his first stone sculpture, which was completed at age 11. His first award in competition came at age 13. In 1981 he was brought to Moscow as a sculptor for the Russian Department of Monuments. During this period, he was also Master/Teacher at the Moscow Studio of Fine Arts.
Ushangi is a 1968 Graduate of the State Art School, Tbilisi, Georgia and a 1972 Graduate of the Georgian National College of the Arts.
Since immigrating to the United States, Ushangi's work has been exhibited and commissioned in Washington D.C., the San Francisco Bay Area, Portland, Sierra Foothills and Los Angeles, where he now resides.
Website Design & Development by Cybermill Interactive


text:
ROYERSFORD - The Spring-Ford Area School Board approved a $132 million preliminary budget for the 2013-14 school year at Tuesday night's meeting by a unanimous vote.
The $132,005,372 budget will increase district spending by $5.5 million over this year's budget.
At a Jan. 22 budget presentation, Spring-Ford Business Manager Timothy Anspach said the biggest challenge for the coming school year's budget was rising salary and benefit costs.
In addition to approving the preliminary budget, the school board voted to file for a possible exception of the state's Act 1 Index for pension payments amounting to $1,213,882.
Instead of being limited to raising taxes to 1.7 percent at the state's index, the school district would then have the ability to raise taxes as high as 3.1 percent.
The filing in itself does not mean the district will have to use that exception, but frees up the option of using it.
Anspach said at a Jan. 22 meeting where he made the budget presentation that any increase would definitely fall under the exception's 3.1 percent.
According to Anspach's presentation, the 2013-14 budget faces an approximate $2.5 million shortfall. He did not release a firm number on what kind of tax increase would be required to close that gap, saying that the budget numbers are very likely to change greatly before they're finalized.


text:
Miniature books, most of which are less than three inches tall and some of which are smaller than a penny, have delighted readers for centuries. Popular because they were easily carried or concealed, these historic books range from tiny "Thumb Bibles" to illustrated nursery rhymes. The earliest piece of block printing to which an accurate date can be ascribed–a Japanese wooden block print from about 770 AD–is a miniature scroll and part of the Lilly Library's collections.
More than 900 of the library's 16,000 miniatures were on display in the Library's Main Gallery from June 18 to September 15, 2001. This online exhibition pictures a selection of the miniatures displayed in the exhibition and reproduces the narrative text of the exhibition labels.
400 Years of Miniature Books
At the Lilly Library of Indiana University


text:
Quiet Times
Not to much report on the poker front, from a personal perspective, so call this one a checking-in-for-the-helluvit type of post. I've been on a nasty cooler of late in tournaments, either getting it in with the best of it and losing or running queens or kings into aces, and cash games haven't run any better. Momma Yoda said there'd be months like these, but stories find here bad beats you shall never.
I've also been working on a couple of projects behind the scenes, said projects taking up some large chunks of my time. Besides that, recent snowstorms, the continuing NETeller mess, and growing uncertainty as to whether I'll be able to travel to Vegas this summer all have me in a bit of a spring-fever funk. That last is related to the poker world's steady contraction, and who knows? Sometimes it doesn't matter how hard one works, if the timing is off. Maybe March will be a better month. I shake the Magic Eight Ball and it keeps telling me my future is cloudy, and I should try again later.
I had one of the originals of those things, way way back when. The darn fluid inside mine degraded and bubbled to the point that it affected the little "fortune" float on the inside, keeping the float from showing up in the little window if you held the ball so that the window was at the very top.
Funny, though, that the malaise seems to be affecting more than just me; it's touching the poker blogosphere in general. There a few good posts popping up, but things are sparse right now. One of the funniest bits of recent days was over at Tom Bayes' blog, which I stop by occasionally.
Surfing through some of his comments, I found this a link to a site which is supposed to tell you how many people have your last name. The results?
Now they tell me.
Time to muck and wait for the next hand. See you soon.


text:
Latest News
New faces, new manager, less fanfare for Miami Marlins
Now that Mike Redmond is his manager, Juan Pierre has to stop himself from calling his former teammate on the Marlins by his old nickname — "Mike Obliqueman" — a tongue-in-cheek reference to Redmond's torso during his playing days.
That would be too chummy, Pierre figures, and he wants to keep it professional.
After all, Redmond is now his boss.
"It's so weird," Pierre said.
Weird describes a lot of things for the Marlins this spring. Only two of the nine players from their Opening Day lineup of a year ago are still around, and the manager who wrote out that lineup, Ozzie Guillen, has been replaced by Redmond after only one season at the helm.
Their Opening Day closer is gone.
So, too, are four of the five pitchers in the original starting rotation.
There were a lot of unfamiliar faces among the group of pitchers and catchers who trickled in and out for routine physicals Monday at the team's spring training headquarters at Roger Dean Stadium.
There was nary a hint of last year's media circus that converged here like locusts a year ago to detail and document the unveiling of the rebranded Marlins, with their new Miami name, new uniforms and new ballpark.
The New Yorker and New York Times Sunday Magazine did not send representatives this time, and the production crew for The Franchise series was no longer about with cameras rolling.
Instead, only a handful of sportswriters and one South Florida TV station showed up Monday.
And then there were Pierre and Redmond, members of the 2003 World Series team who haven't been seen around these parts in more a half dozen years after one was traded off and the other became a free agent and signed elsewhere. Now both are back, only in vastly different roles.
"It's taking me some time getting used to," Pierre said of having Redmond as his manager.
Pierre is one of only three position players from the '03 team who is still swinging a bat in the majors. The others: Miguel Cabrera and Alex Gonzalez. Redmond's playing days ended in 2010, though he threatened a comeback more than once when he was managing in the Toronto Blue Jays farm system.
"My running joke when I was managing with the Blue Jays and they were struggling, I would yell into the dugout and say, 'Hey guys, don't make me activate myself,' " Redmond said, smiling.
But just to be clear, he added: "I just had my physical, and my shoulder's torched and the rest of my body is heading south, too."
It was exactly 10 years ago that the Marlins started training in Jupiter, having moved south from their old spring stomping ground in Viera, further up I-95.
Few imagined it at the time, but that team would go onto win the Series. Pierre, who had just joined the Marlins in an offseason trade with Colorado, said he was just trying to get acclimated to his new surroundings.
"I don't think anyone ever mentioned World Series," he said. "There wasn't any talk of it at all."
The most vivid memory Pierre has of spring training in '03: Driving a theretofore unknown rookie pitcher named Dontrelle Willis from the team hotel to practice every day.
"He was just a minor-leaguer, and I didn't know who he was," Pierre recalled. "I just remember telling him, 'I'm getting up at 6. If you want to come, I'll give you a ride. But I'm not waiting around.' Every morning he was in the lobby waiting for me. The rest is history after that."
When Redmond showed up for work just after 5 a.m. on Monday, he half expected to find Pierre — a habitual early bird — already there, working out. But Redmond, excited to get the ball rolling, arrived first.
"[John] Silverman, our clubhouse guy, was there," Redmond said. "But I'm gonna beat him [Tuesday]. All I care about is I beat J.P. there. I blew him out. We didn't even talk about it. I didn't want to bring it up to him."
Redmond smiled and winked.
When he walked through the clubhouse before sunup Monday, while it was still empty and quiet, Redmond said he couldn't help but glance over to the locker he once used during spring training.
"I found myself at times gravitating back into the clubhouse," Redmond said. "There are a lot of good memories in there."


text:
Cuba Trip Registration (continued)...
THANKS! Your information has been sent. Please proceed to trip preferences below.
Trip Preferences: Please select your room choice and whether you'd like to pay for the entire trip now or just a deposit to hold your spot. The standard trip price includes shared accommodations. If you'd like a room to yourself, there is a supplementary charge of $695 for the trip. Full payment is due 90 days before departure – you will receive a reminder email then, if you are only paying a deposit now.
Payment by check or bank draft: If you'd like to pay by check or bank draft, please click here to send us an email.
Travel details: Details about the trip, including what to pack, a camera equipment checklist and country-specific travel recommendations, will be sent to you well before the departure date. You should book your air travel as soon as possible after paying.
Travel insurance: You can purchase insurance from any company that offers travel insurance. You can find several options in the Cuba workshop FAQ. It is also advisable to carry insurance for your camera equipment. Please contact us after registration should you have any questions about insurance or need assistance in purchasing it.


text:
Thousands of party & event organisers have discovered the easiest way to find the right business for their needs & budget, from over 1300 verified businesses.
Stop ringing around and
get businesses contacting you instead
Get services for
your realistic budget
Our businesses are all
ABN verified
There is no obligation
to hire anyone & its FREE
"Your service was really helpful and responses from various businesses were prompt and very relevant. Thank you, I will definitely use your service again as well as recommend it to others."
Cassandra L. - Balloon Artists
"We needed a very special DJ for a dance party for our granddaughter's 16th birthday because she has a disability and we had never done anything like this before. In a very short time a very experienced and compassionate DJ, Lindsay McCormack, had phoned and offered his services free of charge. We are so grateful to Lindsay and to Yowsi who found him for us."
Prue and Bernie Brinsmead - DJ
"I had hired The Limousine Line through Yowsi for my wedding. The day was planned around a tight schedule and involved a lot of travelling to and Fro. The driver (John) was excellent. He was right on time and took all the stress of the day off my shoulders. I would highly recommend them to others."
Nimisha Joseph - Wedding Limousine
"I found Yowsi to be a really easy and useful free service to find Caterers for our work Christmas function. It saved us valuable time we would have instead spent ringing around and repeating our requirements. The process was very user friendly and I got Caterers contacting me within hours of submitting my quote request. Saved me a lot of hassle!"
Miriam Callus - Work Function Catering
"I was really impressed how quickly I started receiving quotes, I was able to pick the one that suited me with price & distance. Great service will use it again."
Reginia Goode - Birthday Cake
We send you jobs for free, customised to your business needs.
We market for you
so you don't have to
Only get the jobs
you want
Always get the customer's
phone number
Receive jobs for free,
only quote for ones you want
We market for you
so you don't have to
Only get the jobs
you want
Always get the customer's
phone number
Receive jobs for free,
only quote for ones you want
"More business with Yowsi!
The decision to give Yowsi a go, which has been the best decision I have made. I have been converting at a rate of about 80% of all enquiries I have responded to in the last 5 months I have been using this service.
I award this to the confidence such a website brings to the consumer, in that us vendors are genuine and reliable. For anyone looking to get more genuine leads with a higher conversion rate, I highly recommend you use the services of Yowsi as it has done wonders for my business."
"Being connected to Yowsi, has doubled my business referrals. It is a streamlined service, making it very easy to access customers, see their needs, and thus meet their needs. Their customer service is very helpful and friendly"
"Brilliantly simple & effective. Yowsi sends me customers the hassle free (and cost-effective) way!"


text:
Have an account?
Need an account?Create an account
What is a Dial Plan and how is it configured?
Related Information
This article is one in a series to assist in the setup, troubleshooting, and maintenance of Cisco Small Business products.
The SPA allows each line to be configured with a distinct dial plan. The Dial Plan specifies how to interpret digit sequences dialed by the user, and how to convert those sequences into an outbound dial string.
The SPA syntax for the dial plan closely resembles the corresponding syntax specified by MGCP and MEGACO.? Some extensions are added that are useful in an end-point.
The dial plan functionality is regulated by the following configurable parameters:
Other timers are configurable via parameters, but do not directly pertain to the dial plan itself. They are discussed elsewhere in this document.
Getting to Know Interdigit Long Timer
The Interdigit_Long Timer specifies the default maximum time (in seconds) allowed between dialed digits, when no candidate digit sequence is as yet complete.
Getting to Know Interdigit Short Timer
The Interdigit_Short_Timer specifies the default maximum time (in seconds) allowed between dialed digits, when at least one candidate digit sequence is complete as dialed.
Getting to know Dial Plan[1] and Dial Plan[2]
The Dial_Plan parameters contain the actual dial plan scripts for each of lines 1 and 2.
Getting to Know Dial Plan Digit Sequences
The plans contain a series of digit sequences, separated by the | character.? The collection of sequences is enclosed in parentheses, (' and ').
When a user dials a series of digits, each sequence in the dial plan is tested as a possible match.? The matching sequences form a set of candidate digit sequences.? As more digits are entered by the user, the set of candidates diminishes until only one or none are valid.
Any one of a set of terminating events triggers the SPA to either accept the user-dialed sequence, or transmit it to initiate a call, or else reject it as invalid. The terminating events are:
The number is rejected.
The number is accepted and transmitted after any transformations indicated by the dial plan, unless the sequence is barred by the dial plan (barring is discussed later), in which case the number is rejected.
- A timeout occurs: the digit sequence is accepted and transmitted as dialed if incomplete, or transformed as per the dial plan if complete.
- An explicit 'send' (user presses the '#' key): the digit sequence is accepted and transmitted as dialed if incomplete, or transformed as per the dial plan if complete.
Getting to Know Digit Sequence Syntax
Each digit sequence within the dial plan consists of a series of elements, which are individually matched to the keys pressed by the user. Elements can be one of the following:
Getting to Know Element Repetition
Any element can be repeated zero or more times by appending a period ('.' character) to the element. Hence, "01." matches "0.", "01.", "011.", "0111.", etc.
Getting to Know Subsequence Substitution
A subsequence of keys (possibly empty) can be automatically replaced with a different subsequence using an angle bracket notation '<', dialed-subsequence ':', and transmitted-subsequence '>'. For example "<8:1650>xxxxxxx" would match "85551212" and transmit "16505551212".
Getting to Know Intersequence Tones
An "outside line" dial tone can be generated within a sequence by appending a ',' character between digits. Thus, the sequence "9, 1xxxxxxxxxx" sounds an "outside line" dial tone after the user presses '9', until the '1' is pressed.
Getting to Know Number Barring
A sequence can be barred (rejected) by placing a '!' character at the end of the sequence.? Thus, "1900xxxxxxx!"? automatically rejects all 900 area code numbers from being dialed.
Getting to Know Interdigit Timer Master Override
The long and short interdigit timers can be changed in the dial plan (affecting a specific line) by preceding the entire plan with the following syntax:
Note: The "L=8,( . . . )" would set the interdigit long timeout to 8 seconds for the line associated with this dial plan. The "L:8,S:4,( . . . )" would override both the long and the short timeout values.
Getting to Know Local Timer Overrides
The long and short timeout values can be changed for a particular sequence starting at a particular point in the sequence. The syntax for long timer override is 'L' delay-value ' ' with the terminating space character. The specified delay-value is measured in seconds. To change the short timer override, use 'S' delay-value <space>.
A sequence may require an explicit pause of some duration before continuing to dial digits, in order for the sequence to match. The syntax for this is similar to the timer override syntax: 'P' delay-value <space>. The delay-value is measured in seconds.
This syntax allows for the implementation of Hot-Line and Warm-Line services. In order to achieve this, one sequence in the plan must start with a pause, with a 0 delay for a Hot Line, and a non-zero delay for a Warm Line.
Getting to Know Implicit Sequences
The SPA implicitly appends the vertical code sequences entered in the Regional parameter settings to the end of the dial plan for both line 1 and line 2. Likewise, if Enable_IP_Dialing is enabled, then IP dialing is also accepted on the associated line.
The following dial plan accepts only US-style 1 + area-code + local-number, with no restrictions on the area code and number.
The following also allows seven-digit US-style dialing, and automatically inserts a 1 + 212 (local area code) in the transmitted number.
For an office environment, the following plan requires a user to dial 8 as a prefix for local calls and 9 as a prefix for long distance. In either case, an "outside line" tone is played after the initial 8 or 9, and neither prefix is transmitted when initiating the call.
The following allows only placing international calls (011 call), with an arbitrary number of digits past a required five-digit minimum, and also allows calling an international call operator (00). In addition, it lengthens the default short interdigit timeout to four seconds.
The following allows only US-style 1 + area-code + local-number, but disallows area codes and local numbers starting with 0 or 1. It also allows 411, 911, and operator calls (0).
The following allows US-style long distance, but blocks 9xx area codes.
The following allows arbitrary long distance dialing, but explicitly blocks the 947 area code.
The following implements a Hot Line phone, which automatically calls 1 212 5551234.
The following provides a Warm Line to a local office operator (1000) after five seconds, unless a four-digit extension is dialed by the user.
Dial Plan Breakdown
A general Dial plan looks like (assume the numbers are subscripts)
<a:b> is basically a substitution syntax for stuff dialed at the beginning of the dial plan. This is an optional part of the plan.
Some examples include:
c is a string of characters that restricts what digits can be dialed. This is a required part of the plan.
These characters can be:
A few examples: