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Top Items:
Scalia: Voting Rights Act Is 'Perpetuation Of Racial Entitlement' — WASHINGTON, DC — There were audible gasps in the Supreme Court's lawyer's lounge, where audio of the oral argument is pumped in for members of the Supreme Court bar, when Justice Antonin Scalia offered his assessment of a key provision of the Voting Rights Act.
Discussion: msnbc.com, Truthdig, No More Mister Nice Blog and Shakesville
Morgan Whitaker / msnbc.com: Scalia: Renewing Voting Rights Act a 'perpetuation of racial entitlement'
Aphra Behn / Shakesville: Reminder: Antonin Scalia is a Racist A**hole
Tom Goldstein / SCOTUSblog:
From the Shelby County argument — Following through on the deep constitutional concerns stated in its prior Northwest Austin decision, a majority of the Court seems committed to invalidating Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act and requiring Congress to revisit the formula for requiring preclearance of voting changes.
Discussion: msnbc.com, ACS Blog, New York Times, Althouse and Austin American-Statesman
Cathy Finkler / msnbc.com: Arguing in the defense of the Voting Rights Act
Jeremy Leaming / ACS Blog: High Court's Conservative Justices Lead Attack on Voting Rights Act's Sec. 5
Adam Liptak / New York Times: Voting Act Challenge Hinges on a Formula
Ann Althouse / Althouse: ""[A] majority of the Court seems committed to invalidating Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act..."
Sam Baker / The Hill:
Supreme Court justices hint at striking Voting Rights Act provision — The Supreme Court signaled strongly on Wednesday that it might strike down a key part of the Voting Rights Act, as the court's conservative members cast the provision as outdated and unfair.
Josh Gerstein / Politico: Voting Rights Act under fire at Supreme Court
Ariane DeVogue / ABCNEWS: Supreme Court Spars Over Section 5
Sahil Kapur / Talking Points Memo:
Conservative Justices Hammer The Voting Rights Act — The Voting Rights Act took a beating from conservative justices Wednesday during oral arguments at the Supreme Court. — At issue is the constitutionality of Section 5 of the 1965 law, which requires state and local governments …
Jamelle Bouie / American Prospect: Today in Magical Beliefs about Racism
Little Green Footballs: Chief Justice Roberts Seems to Believe the South Has No Special Problem With Racism
Greg Sargent / The Plum Line: Is the Voting Rights Act in trouble?
Jason Sattler / The National Memo: Conservative Justices Attack The Voting Rights Act
Adam Liptak / New York Times:
Conservative Justices Voice Skepticism on Voting Law — WASHINGTON — A central provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 may be in peril, judging from tough questioning on Wednesday from the Supreme Court's more conservative members. — Justice Antonin Scalia called the provision …
Discussion: Washington Monthly, Los Angeles Times, The Maddow Blog and The BRAD BLOG
Steve Benen / The Maddow Blog: Conservative justices wary of Voting Rights Act
Richard Wolf / USA Today:
Supreme Court raises doubts about Voting Rights Act
Supreme Court raises doubts about Voting Rights Act
Discussion: The Raw Story
Nina Totenberg / Law:
Supreme Court Weighs Future Of Voting Rights Act
Supreme Court Weighs Future Of Voting Rights Act
Discussion: The Fix, The Hinterland Gazette, msnbc.com and Althouse
Janet Shan / The Hinterland Gazette: 5 Things You Need to Know Today Feb. 27: Rosa Parks Statue to Be Unveiled, Voting Rights Act Before SCOTUS
Robert Gifford / msnbc.com: NOW Today: Landmark case
Ann Althouse / Althouse: "Supreme Court Weighs Future Of Voting Rights Act."
Lyle Denniston / SCOTUSblog:
Argument recap: Voting law in peril — maybe
Argument recap: Voting law in peril — maybe
Discussion: The Huffington Post, Angry Bear, THEROOT.COM and PointOfLaw Forum
Ryan J. Reilly / The Huffington Post: Supreme Court Voting Rights Act Case: DOJ's Tom Perez Calls Section 5 'Regrettably' Necessary
Beverly Mann / Angry Bear: Racial Entitlements. Such As the Right to Vote.
Benjamin Todd Jealous / THEROOT.COM: Save Our Endangered Voting Rights
Ted Frank / PointOfLaw Forum: American Express v. Italian Colors
Adam Serwer / Mother Jones:
Chief Justice Roberts' Long War Against the Voting Rights Act
Chief Justice Roberts' Long War Against the Voting Rights Act
Discussion: Election Law Blog, The BRAD BLOG and ABCNEWS
Rick Hasen / Election Law Blog: Shelby County Coverage Game Plan
Brad Friedman / The BRAD BLOG: Republican Supreme Court Challenge to Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act Could Be Devastating
Ariane DeVogue / ABCNEWS: Challenge to the Voting Rights Act Reaches Supreme Court
Brett LoGiurato / Business Insider:
BOB WOODWARD: Obama Is Showing 'A Kind Of Madness I Haven't Seen In A Long Time' — The Washington Post's Bob Woodward ripped into President Barack Obama on "Morning Joe" today, saying he's exhibiting a "kind of madness I haven't seen in a long time" for a decision not to deploy an aircraft carrier …
Discussion: Mediaite, Alan Colmes' Liberaland, The Jawa Report, The PJ Tatler and The Daily Caller
Noah Rothman / Mediaite: Bob Woodward Tears Into Obama With Veiled Nixonian Criticism: 'Madness That I Haven't Seen In A Long Time'
Bryan Preston / The PJ Tatler: Bob Woodward: Obama is Showing 'Madness'
Alex Pappas / The Daily Caller: Bob Woodward gets rare praise during meeting of conservative Republicans
Brian Beutler / Talking Points Memo:
The Establishment's Obama Derangement Syndrome — Others have done an excellent job explaining why so many pundits and news analysts are constitutionally unable to describe the impasse over sequestration as anything other than a bipartisan failure — while also revealing, perhaps unintentionally …
Discussion: The Impolitic and Balloon Juice
Libby Spencer / The Impolitic: False equivalence is killing us
Doug Galt / Balloon Juice: I know thee not, old man
David Ignatius / Washington Post:
A political DUI — Some of us can recall the helpless feeling of being in a vehicle driven by someone who is intoxicated. If you're like me, you don't want to cause a scene unless the driving is really erratic. But there comes a moment when you need to say: Stop the car. You're going to hurt someone.
Discussion: Washington Monthly, Angry Bear and Mother Jones
Beverly Mann / Angry Bear: Why Does Washington Post Columnist David Ignatius Say Obama Should Have Allowed Default …
Kevin Robillard / Politico:
Bob Woodward blasts President Obama 'madness'
Bob Woodward blasts President Obama 'madness'
Discussion: Right Turn, A plain blog about politics, The Maddow Blog, Lawyers, Guns & Money and PERRspectives
Jennifer Rubin / Right Turn: 'A kind of madness'
Jonathan Bernstein / A plain blog about politics: Dept. of Phony Reagan/Real Reagan Examples
Scott Lemieux / Lawyers, Guns & Money: "Tell Congress To Take Its Apporpriations Power And Shove It"
Chris Cillizza / The Fix:
Republicans are losing the spending argument — For the past several years, congressional Republicans have focused relentlessly on a single message: Washington — led by President Obama — is spending too much money, and it needs to stop. — But according to new Washington Post-ABC News polling …
Discussion: CNN, Politico, NBCNews.com, Washington Times, Daily Kos, Post Politics, The Week and Taylor Marsh
Paul Steinhauser / CNN: Polls: Obama holds upper hand over budget cuts
Alex Isenstadt / Politico: Bloomberg's cash paves way to Jackson's seat
Kasie Hunt / NBCNews.com: Bloomberg scores victory on guns in Illinois race
Seth McLaughlin / Washington Times: CPAC: Chris Christie snubbed for criticizing GOP on Sandy relief
Jed Lewison / Daily Kos: Poll: GOP losing spending debate
Sean Sullivan / Post Politics: Democrats nominate Robin Kelly in Illinois special election
Taylor Marsh: NBC/Wall Street Journal Poll: Obama Creaming Republicans on Every Issue, with One Depressing Downside
Michael Kinsley / New Republic:
Annihilate! — Whoever could have imagined that Republicans could be such wussies?
Annihilate! — Whoever could have imagined that Republicans could be such wussies?
Discussion: The Moderate Voice
Dorian De Wind / The Moderate Voice: About the New Republican Party
Greg Sargent / The Plum Line:
The Morning Plum: How's that GOP "makeover" going?
The Morning Plum: How's that GOP "makeover" going?
Discussion: NBCNews.com, Angry Bear, Forbes, The Hill and Prairie Weather
Mark Murray / NBCNews.com: NBC/WSJ poll: Public wary about sequester cuts, but Obama in stronger political position than GOP
Beverly Mann / Angry Bear: Obama's Inexplicable Failure to Explain and Clarify What the Sequester IS …
Rick Ungar / Forbes: Must Obama Save The GOP In Order To Save His Agenda And End Dysfunctional Government?
Jennifer Epstein / Politico:
White House was not involved in ICE's decision to release detainees — The White House and the Department of Homeland Security were unaware of Immigration Customs and Enforcement's decision to release detainees until the agency announced it, administration officials said Wednesday.
Discussion: The Gateway Pundit and The PJ Tatler
Lindsey Boerma / CBS News:
Reason for mass release of illegal immigrants "hard to believe," Boehner says
Reason for mass release of illegal immigrants "hard to believe," Boehner says
Discussion: protein wisdom, Washington Post, Politico, The Week and Booman Tribune
Kevin Cirilli / Politico: John Boehner says White House 'trying to play games'
Wall Street Journal:
The Sequester Revelation — Obama has the legal power to avoid spending-cut damage.
The Sequester Revelation — Obama has the legal power to avoid spending-cut damage.
Discussion: americanthinker.com, National Review and Betsy's Page
Thomas Lifson / americanthinker.com: Obama boxed in on sequester
Jonah Goldberg / National Review: Great Editorial, And Great Minds
Deirdre Walsh / CNN:
Congressional leaders invited to W.H. on spending cuts deadline day
Congressional leaders invited to W.H. on spending cuts deadline day
Discussion: Politico, ABCNEWS, Hot Air and The Daily Caller
Donovan Slack / Politico: Obama: Parks teaches about change
Jonathan Karl / ABCNEWS: President Obama to Meet Congressional Leaders Friday
Sheryl Gay Stolberg / New York Times:
Brief Supporting Same-Sex Marriage Gets More Republican Support — More than two dozen Republicans — including a top adviser to Mitt Romney, the 2012 Republican presidential nominee, and a former congresswoman who made banning same-sex marriage her signature issue — have added their names …
Discussion: The Fix, Equality On Trial, Good As You, AMERICAblog, Towleroad News #gay, Gawker and Bloomberg
Aaron Blake / The Fix: The GOP's shift toward gay marriage — or not
Scottie Thomaston / Equality On Trial: More Republicans sign on to Supreme Court pro-marriage equality brief
G-A-Y / Good As You: Marilyn Musgrave now opposes Prop 8? Wait, what? WHAT?!?!? (**UPDATED! Musgrave denies it all)
Eli Stokols / KDVR.com:
Marilyn Musgrave denies NYT report that she supports gay marriage
Marilyn Musgrave denies NYT report that she supports gay marriage
Discussion: AMERICAblog, Equality On Trial, Joe. My. God., Towleroad News #gay and Good As You
John Aravosis / AMERICAblog: Former top staffer of gay arch-enemy Musgrave signs Prop 8 brief in support of gay marriage
Jacob Combs / Equality On Trial: UPDATED: Corporate America speaks out against Prop 8, plus marriage equality updates from the Midwest
Andy Towle / Towleroad News #gay: Marilyn Musgrave Shocked by 'New York Times' Report She Flipped on Same-Sex Marriage: 'What in the World?'
Elahe Izadi / NationalJournal.com:
The Real Reason Why Chris Christie Wasn't Invited to CPAC — ACU Chairman Al Cardenas criticizes New Jersey's Republican governor for supporting Sandy aid bill, Medicaid expansion. — New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie was not invited to speak at the annual CPAC conference this year …
Discussion: msnbc.com, Whiskey Fire, NBCNews.com, Washington Monthly, ABCNEWS, No More Mister Nice Blog, Hot Air, Mediaite, National Review and American Power
Sarah Blackwill / msnbc.com: Christie vs. Rubio: Inside the Numbers
Ed Kilgore / Washington Monthly: Christie Dons the Sanbenito
Michael Falcone / ABCNEWS: Sequester Fallout — The Risk For Republicans (The Note)
Steve M. / No More Mister Nice Blog: MURDOCH AND AILES TROT OUT SURROGATES TO DEFEND THE OBJECT OF THEIR MANCRUSH
Allahpundit / Hot Air: CPAC source: Christie wasn't invited this year because he has a "limited future" …
Noah Rothman / Mediaite: Same Day Christie Embraces Obamacare, Fox's Eric Bolling Tells Conservatives He's Their 2016 Savior
Eliana Johnson / National Review: No CPAC Invite for Christie Because of 'Limited Future' in Republican Party
Donald Douglas / American Power: The Purity Trap Snares Chris Christie
Nate Silver / FiveThirtyEight:
Christie's Honeymoon With Conservatives Is Over
Christie's Honeymoon With Conservatives Is Over
Discussion: The Week, Hot Air, NationalJournal.com, National Review, The Dish and OpenSecrets.org
Allahpundit / Hot Air: Krauthammer: C'mon, let Christie speak at CPAC
Jill Lawrence / NationalJournal.com: Chris Christie is a Republican Without a Party
Robert Costa / National Review: Christie Backers Still Eyeing 2016
Andrew Sullivan / The Dish: No Moderates Allowed, Ctd
Kevin Cirilli / Politico:
Charles Krauthammer: Chris Christie CPAC snub a mistake
Charles Krauthammer: Chris Christie CPAC snub a mistake
Discussion: Taylor Marsh
Senate GOP ponders shifting power to Obama — Days before the March 1 deadline, Senate Republicans are circulating a draft bill that would cancel $85 billion in across-the-board spending cuts and instead turn over authority to President Barack Obama to achieve the same level of savings under a plan to be filed by March 8.
Discussion: Roll Call, Yahoo! News, msnbc.com, Hot Air, Atlas Shrugs, Business Insider and The Caucus
Alan K. Ota / Roll Call: Senate GOP Divided on Sequester Alternative
Erika Johnsen / Hot Air: Inhofe, Toomey: Hey, why don't we give Obama some flexibility on sequestration?
Jared Bernstein / Business Insider: Believe It Or Not, Sequester Politics Are Getting Worse
Jonathan Weisman / The Caucus: Senate Republicans Fail to Reach Consensus on Alternative to Cuts
Kevin Cirilli / Politico:
Sarah Palin: Feds 'stockpiling bullets' to use against us — Sarah Palin says America will eventually default on its debt and claims that the federal government is "stockpiling bullets in case of civil unrest" to prepare. — "If we are going to wet our proverbial pants over .3% …
Discussion: The Atlantic Wire, Alan Colmes' Liberaland and Taylor Marsh
Alexander Abad-Santos / The Atlantic Wire: Palin Lifts Bullet Stockpile Conspiracy from Debunked Email, Just for Sequester
Amy Rose / Rookie:
This Charming Man: An Interview With Morrissey — I don't think I really need to introduce you guys to Morrissey, but just in case: He's been an icon for, oh, more than three decades now. He began his career in the early '80s as the frontman (and heart) of the Smiths before going solo in 1987 …
Discussion: Telegraph, Towleroad News #gay and PinkNews.co.uk
Alice Vincent / Telegraph: Morrissey: 'If men were homosexual, there would be no wars'
Deadline Detroit:
U.P. State Senator Tom Casperson Is Some Kind Of Birther — State Sen. Tom Casperson, R-Escanaba, was on Michael Patrick Shiels' Lansing radio program today and had some fun and interesting things to say about where President Obama was born. — Casperson, whose name might sound familiar …
Discussion: Alan Colmes' Liberaland, Talking Points Memo, Progress Michigan, New York Magazine and Balloon Juice
Eric Lach / Talking Points Memo: Michigan GOPer Wonders Why More Time Wasn't Spent Investigating Obama's Birthplace
Dan Amira / New York Magazine: Michigan Lawmaker Wishes That Someone Had Investigated the Obama Birth Issue a Little
Philip Pullella / Reuters:
Pope speaks of "rough seas" of papacy at emotional farewell — VATICAN CITY (Reuters) - Pope Benedict bid an emotional farewell at his last general audience on Wednesday, acknowledging the "rough seas" that marked his papacy "when it seemed that the Lord was sleeping."
Discussion: New York Times, Joe. My. God., WFPL and Gothamist
Mark Memmott / WFPL: Sometimes 'The Lord Seemed To Sleep,' Pope Says In Farewell
Erick Erickson / RedState:
W5 + H = A Baseline for Integrity — UPDATE: Let me add up top an update out of the gate. The issue here is not RedState, but a larger issue among conservatives as we keep growing new and expanding existing outlets for reporting the news. With our jobs board up (if you haven't noticed) …
Discussion: Washington Monthly, FishbowlDC, Business Insider, Mediaite and Politico
Ed Kilgore / Washington Monthly: Just the Facts — It would be easy to mock Erick Erickson's post today …
Eddie Scarry / FishbowlDC: RedState's Erickson Bemoans Conservatives Who 'Have Forgotten the Basics of Reporting'
Brett LoGiurato / Business Insider: TOP CONSERVATIVE EDITOR: We're 'Failing To Advance Stories And Ideas'
Meenal Vamburkar / Mediaite: RedState's Erick Erickson Hits Conservative Media For 'Failing To Advance Ideas,' Constant Outrage
Dylan Byers / Politico: Erickson: Right media not advancing
Amity Shlaes / Bloomberg:
Gatsby, Galbraith and the Myth of Coolidge's Crash — What's next after the Oscars? More Gatsby, of course. "The Great Gatsby," featuring Leonardo DiCaprio and coming in May, will be the fourth, or by some counts the fifth or sixth, movie version of F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel …
Discussion: Brad DeLong and AEIdeas
J. Bradford DeLong / Brad DeLong: No, Amity Shlaes Has No Idea What She Is Talking About. Why Do You Ask?: WTF!?!?!?!? Weblogging
James Pethokoukis / AEIdeas: Calvin Coolidge and the Great Depression


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Fluffiness this way
new collectionshop now
One in a minion
new living locket
I {heart} Minions
shop charms
It's so fluffy!
new collectionshop now
Minion-Madness + More
Origami Owl® Discovers Minion Mayhem
Watch it here first! During their recent visit to Universal Studios Hollywood, Origami Owl® Co-Founders, Bella Weems-Lambert and Chrissy Weems, offer a glimpse into their exciting partnership with Illumination Entertainment and Universal Studios to bring you the NEW and officially licensed Despicable Me Collection! {With the help of their Minion friends, Kevin and Stuart, and their trusty Fart Blaster, of course!}
Watch the Despicable Me 3 Trailer Here!
They're baaack! Just when you thought Gru was done with his villainous ways and settling down with his wife Lucy, his adopted daughters—Margo, Edith and little Agnes—and his loyal yellow Minions, Gru must defeat his biggest nemesis, Balthazar Bratt, the former child-star of the 80s! Share the love and laughs of this beloved comedy from Illumination Entertainment and Universal Studios in theaters June 30.

subset: commoncrawl


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Regular Listing
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10 Directory is a human-edited, spam-free general web directory. Main goal of this web directory is to provide users a guide to best quality websites of the internet. If you want to know more about directory submission tips and common mis-known facts about internet SEO strategies, you can have a look at our SEO Blog prepared by experienced SEO experts. We hope you enjoy your time spent in our web directory.
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Sophisticated Estate Planning and Tax Planning
Protecting Assets and Preparing for the Future
After all the hard work and sacrifices, you want to protect what you have earned and pass it on intact to your loved ones. Since 1984, the tax attorneys of Cushing & Dolan, P.C., have provided legal solutions to minimize state and federal taxes and plan for the smooth transfer of wealth to the next generation.
With offices in Boston, Waltham, Westborough, Norwood and Woburn, we assist individuals, families and businesses throughout Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Florida, Pennsylvania, Arizona, and New York. Our lawyers provide comprehensive estate planning services, with an emphasis on anticipating tax implications.
Massachusetts Estate Planning And Tax Lawyers
We can create or update your will and powers of attorney to declare your wishes and guide your loved ones in the event of death or incapacity. In that context, we explore the most advantageous trusts and asset protection strategies to limit estate taxes, avoid probate and shelter inheritance from creditors.
Many of the experienced tax attorneys of Cushing & Dolan are also CPAs or hold L.L.M. degrees in taxation. This experience and expertise enables us to consider the tax consequences of probate, succession, gifting, real estate transfers and business transactions in a way that most estate planners and general practice lawyers cannot.
Our practice areas span matters relating to wills, estates, taxes and businesses:
- Estate Planning
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Free Consultation • Eight Convenient Locations
To speak with an experienced Boston tax attorney from Cushing & Dolan, P.C., please contact our law offices today.


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The carefree days of summer may be coming to a close, but don't just sit back and mourn the end of your vacation. Commemorate it with these creative DIY photo displays, and you'll be reliving the good times all year long.
Cut up cork sheet and use Mod Podge to cover each piece with a favorite photo so you can relive your summer vacation every time you take a sip.
Who needs fridge magnets when the photos themselves will do the sticking? Make adorable mini Polaroid magnets with some white mat board and basic cutting and adhering skills.
Keep a smile on your face while returning to the daily grind by creating this cheery photo collage clock, great for vacation photos and/or Instagram pics. A giant hole punch makes the job easier.
Take your photo collage to the next level with a little personalization. Make a letter-shaped collection of your pictures, which will be great and unique for mantel decor or to be given as a gift.
Keep your vacation memories (and your loved ones) close to your heart all year round with these little charms. Glue-on pendant hangers and bubble caps make this a quick and easy craft.
This creative photo display will put a smile on your face every time you flip the switch. Simply create a collage of your favorite travel snapshots on Picasa, and adhere it to a plain lampshade. You can use black and white, color or even tinted photos.
Admire your pics from every angle and display your summer vacation memories in a multi-dimensional way with one of these photo cubes. All you'll need are wooden cubes (available at craft and dollar stores) and some Mod Podge.
Check out this original way to show off your summer fun and also upcycle old bike parts. This photo display wheel is an easy and inventive project that will make your pictures extra eye-catching.
9. Embroidery Hoops Wall Collage
Add some pizzazz to your walls by decorating them with hooped photographs. Printing your pictures onto fabric first enables you to stretch them in the embroidery hoops, and painting the hoops beforehand adds an additional dose of color.
For a truly unique way to display your travel pictures, collage them onto a pair of TOMS or other simple canvas shoes. You'll be reliving the good times with every step you take.
Personalize your fall decor with flower vases commemorating your favorite vacation moments. These were made out of PVC pipe and Mod Podge.
Did you Instagram all of your getaway snapshots? Don't forget hard copies! Print out your tiny photos and make this little photo book with no adhesives or sewing required!
A pretty beachscape, or any other favorite vacation spot, can make for a chic pillow motif. Make this pictorial pillow with heat transfer paper and a white T-shirt.
Did you save any wine corks from a favorite summer evening or festivity? Don't just store them on the counter never to be used again! Instead, turn them into a cute photo display for your guests.
An old cabinet door painted in a pretty pastel hue can be turned into a charming photo display backdrop using clothes pins.
Before you shop: Check out these other fun ways to save memories before the school season starts!
Pippa is a quilt maker and designer with a fondness for bold geometric designs and bright, colorful solid fabrics. This extends to the broader DIY realm and crafty endeavors of all sorts, particularly in home decor. She lives and works in Boston with her husband, twin sons and tiny teacup poodle. She blogs at Pippa Quilts and sells her quilts online on Etsy.


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Follows the properties list selected by keywords:
Teilen Sie Ihre Erfahrungen auch anderen Besuchern mit und geben Sie den besten Campingplatz bekannt, den Sie entdeckt haben!
Every detail of feriendörfer are in the property file, it is also possible to find furter information (updated prices ecc.) in the web site of the feriendörfer (if it is available) simply with a click on the web link.
You can also see the recommendation on the best feriendörfer from those who have already stayed there, you can also recommend the feriendörfer where you had an unforgettable stay.
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For each feriendörfer list is possible to see the five stars, four stars, three stars, one star property.
It is possible also to see farms holidays, fun fairs parks (cheap, low price),
We will speack about farm holidays and relaxing naturalistic holidays in feriendörfer (related to region veneto).
You can find furter information, for example if in the feriendörfer there is a swimming pool, if there are special saving for children, if pets are allowed (dogs, cats ecc.), if the feriendörfer are near the thermal or with sauna.
It is possible to find information on half board full board, and everyting is needed to find feriendörfer and special offer and last minute offer in the region veneto.
It allows you to make a request for further information or booking, to plan an unforgettable naturalistic holidays in feriendörfer.


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5 Ideas You Need to Rise From Poverty to the Middle Class
It was like that moment in The Wizard of Oz when Dorothy emerges from the grey remains of her dislocated home into an exotic world of color. That was how I felt at twelve years of age upon my arrival in Minnesota.
Home up to that point had been the dank flat malaise of inner-ring suburban Detroit. In many ways, the Motor City evoked Dorothy's Kansas. Everything was built on the grid system, many right angles, old houses of stone and brick. It was tangibly dull, colors muted by wear and grime. Winters were especially bleak. An amalgam of overcast, endless concrete and dirt-ridden snow drowned the world in grey. By comparison, the big skies and rolling hills of the Mississippi valley seemed a storybook paradise.
That first trip to Minnesota was made in order to spend time with my father. He had been maintaining an apartment in the Twin Cities while starting a new position with Northwest Airlines. We were to scout out potential homes in anticipation of transplanting the rest of the family, my mother and two sisters. It was perhaps the most visceral manifestation of upward mobility in our family's history, chasing opportunity across the country.
It was the culmination of my father's economic journey, which had its beginnings in poverty. Unfortunately, I don't know much about my father's childhood aside from the scraps I've managed to glean from remarks thrown here and there. I know enough, however, to understand that my father's rise to the middle class beat the odds -- which were stacked against him from the start.
Many years later, I continue to benefit from the choices Dad made. Now the father of my own young family, I stand atop his shoulders looking to grab the next rung. From that position, I realize that some of the essential concepts my father applied are still relevant to me today. As I seek to renew the momentum my father achieved, I reflect upon where he began and how he got to where he did. There are valuable lessons there.
First, it's important to understand the goal. When we consider the quest for upward mobility, what is our measure of success? In a 2011 piece for Time magazine, assistant managing editor Rana Foroohar makes a crucial distinction:
You can argue about what kind of mobility really matters. Many conservatives, for example, would be inclined to focus on absolute mobility, which means the extent to which people are better off than their parents were at the same age. That's a measure that focuses mostly on how much economic growth has occurred, and by that measure, the U.S. does fine. Two-thirds of 40-year-old Americans live in households with larger incomes, adjusted for inflation, than their parents had at the same age (though the gains are smaller than they were in the previous generation).
But just as we don't feel grateful to have indoor plumbing or multichannel digital cable television, we don't necessarily feel grateful that we earn more than our parents did. That's because we don't peg ourselves to our parents; we peg ourselves to the Joneses. Behavioral economics tells us that our sense of well-being is tied not to the past but to how we are doing compared with our peers. Relative mobility matters. By that standard, we aren't doing very well at all. Having the right parents increases your chances of ending up middle to upper middle class by a factor of three or four.
It's a mistake to take for granted the notion that "relative mobility matters" without asking why. As we consider some ideas for rising from poverty to the middle class, it will become apparent that improving our individual quality of life is a superior consideration to how our wealth compares with that of others.


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This is Rob O'Neill, the Navy SEAL who killed Osama bin Laden, according to The Daily Mail.
Up until now, the identity of the man who actually fired the bullet in 2011 during the top secret raid in Pakistan has been kept under wraps.
He was supposed to make the big reveal in an exclusive Fox News interview later this month, but O'Neill's father has come forward in advance with the information. And he isn't very worried about becoming a target for terrorism now that his son has been outed.
'People are asking if we are worried that ISIS will come and get us because Rob is going public. I say I'll paint a big target on my front door and say come and get us.'
Maybe he should be worried about what Fox News is going to do them now that they lost their big scoop?


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Edward Ryde was one of the most eminent British surveyors of the 19th century and one of The Institution's early Presidents.
Edward moved to London in 1846 where he worked at several firms before being appointed surveyor to the South Eastern Railway Company in 1855, a post which he held throughout the rest of his life.
Along with the secretary of the company, Edward was responsible for laying and surveying the new lines of the railway. One of the major projects which he worked on was the extension of the railway from London Bridge to Cannon Street and Charing Cross, a route which involves crossing the Thames in two places.
As such, the South Eastern Railway project involved building a new bridge over the Thames and new city terminuses at Cannon Street and Charing Cross.
It was during this time that Edward developed the Ryde scale for calculating the fees due to surveyors for compulsory purchase. The scale, which was the basis of surveyor's fees for nearly 150 years, was based on a specific percentage of the level of compensation or the value of the claim. It was only replaced in 2002 when fees started becoming agreed by both parties.
In 1854 Edward published a comprehensive encyclopaedia on all aspects of land, property and building, a text that was a point of reference for many surveyors and other property professionals. In 1878 Edward went with John Penfold, Julian Rogers and Charles Shoppee to the International Congress of Surveyors in Paris, where he was offered and accepted role as Vice Presidency of the Congress.
Edward Ryde's commitment to the profession was recognised by The Institution in 1880 when he was appointed President. During his three-year Presidency Edward oversaw The Institution's name change to RICS and the granting of its Royal Charter.


text: Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums :: View topic - What about sharing your favourite singer with me?? =) Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums"The Internet's Meeting Place for ESL/EFL Students and Teachers from Around the World!" FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in What about sharing your favourite singer with me?? =) Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Music View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message itsmeSenaJoined: 06 Dec 2011Posts: 5 Posted: Thu Dec 15, 2011 6:00 am Post subject: What about sharing your favourite singer with me?? =) I really love Taylor.She is amazing.She has got blonde hair,blue eyes and also tall and slim Actually I wasn't like country music but I changed my mind after listening Tay.My favourite song is Haunted.But I dont want to limit, I love all her songs.So tell about your opinions Back to top AnaMilenaJoined: 12 Mar 2011Posts: 25Location: 404 - Not Found Posted: Mon Dec 19, 2011 3:56 pm Post subject: Taylor Swift's music is not my cup of tea. Too cheesy in my opinion. But I do think she's a good singer, mainly compared with the latest demand in commercial music, where all you see is more and more rubbish. I like the British band Keane. I love their lyrics and concept. I'm looking forward to their next album, which sounds a lot like their very first one - the best one they've got! _________________ http://english4fun.freeforo.com Back to top itsmeSenaJoined: 06 Dec 2011Posts: 5 Posted: Wed Dec 21, 2011 9:38 am Post subject: I never heard that group but I will look their music.Thanks for sharing Back to top ElfRpatzJoined: 06 Dec 2011Posts: 16 Posted: Sun Jan 01, 2012 9:55 am Post subject: Miley Cyrus actually you know but i am bored Back to top zzzz1991Joined: 10 May 2012Posts: 1 Posted: Tue May 15, 2012 9:39 pm Post subject: Re: What about sharing your favourite singer with me?? =) i like Taylor very much.her songs such December u belong with me love story mine is my favourite.she is beautiful Back to top msms712Joined: 16 Jul 2016Posts: 10 Posted: Tue Jul 26, 2016 6:22 am Post subject: i like electronic music. So i like David Guetta,Kygo,Martin Garrix and Avicii. In the past i like EDM but nowadays i like chill electronic. Chill electronic is gentle music . Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Dave's ESL Cafe's Student Discussion Forums Forum Index -> Music All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Student Forums----------------ComputersCurrent NewsCultureEnglish SchoolsFamilyFilm and CinemaFoodHealth and FitnessHelp CenterHobbiesHolidaysLearning EnglishLiteratureMaking FriendsMusicOpinionsPetsScienceSportsThe Strange and MysteriousTOEFL and Other English ExamsTravel You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Dave's ESL Cafe is maintained by the one and only Dave Sperling. Banner Advertising | Bookstore / Alta Books | FAQs | Articles | Interview with Dave Copyright © 2018 Dave's ESL Cafe | All Rights Reserved | Contact Dave's ESL Cafe | Site Map Teachers College, Columbia University: Train to Teach English Here or Abroad Powered by phpBB © 2001, 2002 phpBB Group


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Every county in Indiana has faced a federally-declared disaster in recent history. Floods, tornadoes, and ice storms usually top the list, but now it's drought. If you want to help your community face tough disaster issues, a Community Organization Active in Disaster (COAD) may help. This page has helpful information on starting a COAD.
For the latest on the development of Community Organizations Active in Disaster (COAD), please visit the Indiana Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (INVOAD) website.
Presentation given to the Midwest Contingency Planners March 11, 2014 meeting: (Download PDF: 4.3 MB, Download PPT: 9.8 MB)
Download a presentation on "Disasters Affecting Indiana: Building COADs for Your Community (PDF: 3.5 MB)
Download the Indiana COAD Guidance manual (PDF: 390 KB)
What kind of COAD is yours? Use the checklist to find out what level, beginner, intermediate or advanced, your COAD is. (PDF: 4.23 MB)
What might members of the Indiana VOAD, your COAD or you do during an emergency? Download this PDF to find out. (PDF: 4.33 MB)


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The Birch Bark Boys are travelling to every Province in Canada in 2017 spreading the Gospel of Jazz and Canoe. John Harrison ( A Traditional Canoe Builder and Musician) and Nate Robertson (A confident Jazz Drummer/Percussionist) are setting out on a Journey about Canada. John will be giving various Talks and Lectures about the Native Technology of the Birch Bark Canoe, immersed with music and Storytelling about the impact the Canoe has had on Canadians.
Wednesday, May 10, 2017
This Saturday At The Mark IV Brothers 1-3:30pm
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Always thought that he was a bigger "fan" of Ponting and KP to be honest.
Nah, with no Lee in the series Nicholas would have been shattered.
"I am very happy and it will allow me to have lot more rice."
Eoin Morgan on being given a rice cooker for being Man of the Match in a Dhaka Premier Division game.
There was Watson though..
We miss you, Fardin. :(. RIP.
A cricket supporter forever
Member of CW Red and AAAS - Appreciating only the best.
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Cruising through news stories today, it strikes me that the Republican Party is tripping itself up by being too geezer-ish (couldn't think of the right word) and too juvenile at the same time.
Robert Draper's "Can the Republicans be Saved From Obsolescence?" covers the geezerness of the Republican Party. Draper documents that establishment Republicans are not not dealing with change — technical, demograpic, or cultural.
They are light years behind the Dems in technology. They are oblivious to recent cultural shifts. Some of them are still talking about building new coalitions of white people. Even when the Party organizes a committee to find out what it's doing wrong, the Same Old Farts who have been running the GOP for years are put in charge of it.
Younger (and more tech-savvy) Republicans want the GOP to back off divisive social issues. Ed Kilgore comments, "if you had to choose one theme that underlies the arguments Draper's hearing from the cool kids of the GOP, it's that the Christian Right has gotta go."
Even James Joyner admits that "the Republican Party is still running on a platform designed to solve the problems of the Carter Administration."
For the juvenile side of movement conservatism, see David Corn's "FreedomWorks Made Video of Fake Giant Panda Having Sex With Fake Hillary Clinton." Apparently Matt Kibbe, President and CEO of FreedomWorks, has been running the advocacy group/Super PAC with all the seriousness and gravitas of a frat house jello wrestling party.
Sorta related — Haley Barbour is telling Republican insiders to stop donating money to Club For Growth Make of that what you will.


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Rule #1 - Be Patient - Rule #2 - Don't ask when, if you don't contribute - Rule #3 - You have coding skills - LinuxMCE's small brother is available: http://www.agocontrol.com
Can you support this? http://www.smarthome.com/31270.html LMCE is missing a decent irrigation control and this looks very promising. However the user interface side also needs to be worked out.If I understand your discussion I should be able to install some Insteon devices add the link to the core and the setup should be "automatic". Do you need to set up the system prior to linking it to LMCE? How does LMCE know which device it which? In the ZWave implementation it flashed a light and you search for the flashing light. That doesn't work real well if you have 15 or more devices. Is there an option in Insteon to work around this problem?


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Visiting the Area?
Part of this saga takes place in Zululand so we recommend the Pelican Collection of guest houses and B and Bs.
An Introduction to the Great Trek
The Voortrekkers' Great Trek is an epic adventure on a par with the opening up of the western United States and is contemporaneous with it. With both, there are abundant examples of religious rectitude, violent conflict, disaster, hope and despair. Those who were involved were prone to politicking, bickering, suspicion and shifting allegiances. Their characters were similar, displaying resourcefulness, perseverance, violence and ruthlessness when necessary together with an overarching belief in their actions and the unconditional support of the Almighty.
The Dutch East India Company established a supply station at the Cape of Good Hope to victual vessels to and from their Far East possessions. For more than 100 years, those inhabitants of the Cape were isolated and developed their own culture, religious convictions and language. They also multiplied and after completing their service, drifted further away, some to establish farms and others to pursue a nomadic way of life up to 500 miles from the Cape. The country to the north was terra incognita and thought to be full of savages, disease and wild animals.
The Expansion
The settlers first traded with and then subdued the aboriginal inhabitants of the land - the Hottentot bushmen. However at the eastern margins they came upon a more determined adversary, Bantus moving south. The Great Fish River was then set as the margin of settlement. The border was informal and acts of rustling and plunder and counter rustling were commonplace.
The Grievances
To exacerbate matters, a wave of religious ferver spilled over from England to Africa and missionaries were sending horrific reports back regarding the treatment of slaves by the border farmers, which caused more consternation. Finally, in 1834, slavery was abolished in England and not only were the farmers deprived of free labour but the small compensation due to them could only be collected in London.
These matters, together with disputes with the Colonial government encouraged some border farmers to consider moving to the unknown north and after some exploratory treks, they did so in increasing numbers.
The Conflicts
On the way to the the Promised Land, be it the highveld of the Transvaal or subtropical Natal, the Voortrekkers ('ahead-pullers' or pioneers) engaged in many violent confrontations with the Matabele, the Zulus and other Bantu tribes. At each major encounter, after an initial reverse, the tribes were subdued, their land taken by right of conquest and their people taken as labour.
Unity dissipated when the first steps were taken to establish responsible government. After several outrages by the Voortrekkers against local tribes, the English were finally forced to intervene in Natal and many Voortrekkers trekked back over the Drakensberg on to the highveld. There, they established the Orange River Colony (to become the Orange Free State, and currently the Free State) and the Transvaal ('country across the Vaal River'). The English, bankrupted by the Napoleonic Wars, could not afford to annex the states and the enmity between the English Colonial Government and the farmers ('boers') continued.
Thus, the seeds for further conflict - this time between the Boers and the English - were sown. It needed the spark provided by the twin discoveries of gold and diamonds in 1886 and 1867 respectively - desparately needed by the bankrupt English Government.
Wikipedia History of the Great Trek
The Great Trek - Eric Walker - 1970 - A & C Black
The Great Trek - Oliver Ransford - 1972 - ISBN 0719526256
The Voortrekkers - Johannes Meintjies - 1973 - ISBN 0304290343
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Further Reading Here . . .
The Great Trek
Trekboers and migrations
- as noted earlier, some white farmers had taken to pastoralism as their main economic activity about the beginning of the 18th C. They had developed the tradition that if they needed more or better land, moving farther was the way to acquire it. These treks or journeys were undertaken by small groups or families.
- by the early 19th C, these treks had ceased because of
confrontation with the Xhosa to the east;
a law by British authorities in Cape Town forbidding migration north of the Orange River.
- for reasons we shall discuss, a series of coordinated, large treks were undertaken beginning in 1837. The treks were a bit like wagon trains during the 19th C in the U.S. Some treks had several hundred white people, at least an equal number of servants, large numbers of ox wagons (bigger and much heavier than 'prairie schooners' in the U.S.), and huge herds of cattle and livestock. Most treks were organised by and around a particular leader. These collectively came to be called 'The Great Trek'. Traditionally, it was said to have ended in 1847 (the bulk of the migration happened in the first years up to 1840), although small scale migration continued afterwards (a short article on the Great Trek ).
- various estimates are given for the number of participants. Thompson's estimate is that 6,000 whites left the Cape Colony up to 1840. Different websites give 10,000 and even 12,000 during the entire period of the Great Trek, but these are almost certainly too high. Another estimate is that over 15,000 people in total left in that period; however, this includes non-whites who made up at least half of the total. Thus, a total 7-8,000 Afrikaners is probably about right. Although they are given little recognition in the Afrikaner nationalist hagiography, a great many servants and employees (mostly Coloureds) also were part of the 'Great Trek'. One reason for the designation 'great' is this size and scale of the migration.
- later, near the end of the 19th C and early in the 20th C as Afrikaner identity and nationalism began to grow, this series of events (including the battles with various indigenous peoples), came to be regarded as an heroic and defining moment in the history of the Afrikaner 'nation'. The white participants began to be regarded as fearless, God-fearing, larger-than-life heroes who had preserved the Afrikaner 'nation' from Anglicization and assimilation. They came to be called 'Voortrekkers' meaning those trekkers who went before—i.e., the pioneers, the first Afrikaner nationalists. They have tended to be venerated (like saints or like Americans regard their 'founding fathers'). [It is interesting to note that in North America with our own pioneers, there is quite a gap between image and reality. The image is of hardy pioneers who braved attacks by Indians, cut down the forests or moved out onto the prairies to carve farms out of the wilderness and opened a continent to development and civilisation. They were certainly hardy, but cockroaches are hardy! The reality of what the North American born pioneers were like was recorded by Susannah Moodie and other immigrants. According to these accounts, they were uncouth and ignorant, poorly educated, not all that trustworthy, whining, etc. However, they knew how to survive and could help show the newcomers. They certainly opened the continent to development, but their contributions to 'civilisation' are much more in doubt. The point is that succceeding generations have a tendency to see early pioneers with rose-coloured glasses.
There is also a lack of perspective. The settlers in wagon trains moving west have been celebrated in song, novels, movies, TV programs and so on. The wealth and resources produced by industrialization in the East and Mid-West was probably more important in achieving the 'Manifest Destiny' of the U. S., yet there are no movies celebrating the heroes of the blast furnace. The discovery and exploitation of mineral wealth (diamonds and gold) is undoubtedly the biggest factor in the creation of modern South Africa, but trekboers had little role in that; in fact, they often wanted to impede that development.] Interpretations
- the Great Trek has been the subject of disparate interpretations.
(1) Flight from bondage in the land of Egypt
- this was the line of self-justification taken by the Voortrekkers themselves. They complained of a number of grievances and 'injustices' under British rule. The list was long: the Black circuit, Slaughter's Nek, anglicization policies, immoral and impious overturning of divine order by imposing equality between 'Christians' and 'heathens', the abolition of slavery with inadequate compensation, maligning of Boers by missionaries and other malicious persons, refusal to allow all cattle and land confiscations from Xhosa in the wars that whites argued were their due, etc.). The government in Cape Town was likened to the government of the pharaohs.
(2) Meddling busybodies and do-gooders in London
- this was the line taken by the British settlers and the 'settler' school of historians who had their own axes to grind.
- the Great Trek was seen as the consequences of the pernicious influence of Exeter Hall (this was the auditorium in London where the anti-slavery organisations and Aborigines Protection Society held their large rallies and meetings) and the meddling of ignorant do-gooders in Whitehall who had no understanding of the 'realities' in South Africa. The trekkers had been goaded beyond the point of endurance to the point that they were prepared to face the dangers of the unknown in order to get away.
(3) Incorrigible slave masters
- missionaries and other critics argued that the trekboers were upset because slavery and their high-handed oppression of the indigenous people were ended or at least being curbed. The Great Trek into the interior, they argued, was mainly an attempt to reestablish the old ways and slavery again.
- the Voortrekkers hotly denied that they were involved in slavery, but in fact raids to capture people and the practice of 'apprenticeship' of child captives reemerged among the Voortrekkers.
(4) Nationalist superheroes
- as noted, this movement came later to be viewed in an Afrikaner nationalist perspective. In this interpretation, Anglicization and 'liberalism' was threatening the infant Afrikaner nation with extinction ('cultural genocide' is the more florid term used by the unthinking nowadays).
- the brave and hardy Voortrekkers defied the overwhelming natural and human dangers in wildest Africa to preserve the infant and vulnerable Afrikaner nation from contamination, culturally and religiously. The Voortrekkers became great superheroes in the pantheon of Afrikaner nationalism. This reached a peak in the centenary celebrations of the Great Trek in the 1930s.
(5) Landless poor whites
- recent interpretations tend to stress more mundane factors and motivations for the movement. The migratory habits to acquire more land, which were firmly established by trekboers throughout the 18th C, had been bottled up for 40-50 years and there were growing numbers of landless white males. In trekboer society, this was a terrible situation and fate. Their only course was to become a 'bywoner' to some relative or other farmer with land. As such, they would provide services (usually as an overseer) and be allowed to use some land for a few cattle or agricultural purposes. This meant that their status was only a bit better than non-white servants.
- this interpretation sees the 'Great Trek' as merely the bursting of the dam that had bottled up migrations in search of land for over 2 generations. Piet Retief's Manifesto
- Retief was one of the most influential of the Great Trek leaders. Among those who joined the Great Trek, he was a bit unusual in a couple of respects. He was much better off than most trekkers; at one time he owned over 20 building lots in Grahamstown as well as farm properties. As can be seen from his letter (translated and published in the Grahamstown Journal), he was better educated than most who were illiterate or just barely literate.
- this is a very interesting document and it shows much about the task of the historian in interpreting such thing. In interpreting documents the historian has to take into account the situation and context as well as the motivations of the author. What we now call 'spin doctoring' is not new just because the term is relatively newly coined. Clearly, the writer of a document has a purpose in mind and an audience to whom it is addressed. Naturally, the writer is going to put his/her best foot and best arguments forward. In many cases, the arguments cannot and should not be taken at face value.
- much of this is obvious or should have been obvious, but for a long time, Retief's Manifesto tended not to be subjected to critical and rigorous evaluation and interpretation. Writers in the settler school of historical interpretation had their own axes to grind in condemning the White Hall and philanthropic lobby in Britain; Retief's Manifesto provided more amunition so they were inclined to use it. For Afrikaner nationalist historians, here was a statement from one of the greatest heroes and, with his death at the hands of Dingane and the Zulu, a great martyr of Afrikaner nationalism.
- clearly, someone like Retief is not going to say, "We are landgrabbers" or "We want to reintroduce slavery and apprenticeship;" however, in the veiled references to 'proper relations' between whites and Africans there was a hint; this was spelled out more explicitly in the constitutions of their 'republics' which stated— "No equality in church or state."
- in addition, the complaint about the abolition of slavery and the process of compensation (see Thompson) for a long time went unexamined and was repeated innumerable times as a factor in the trek (by both friends and critics).
- however, investigation revealed that slavery was not common in the eastern frontier areas from which almost all the Voortrekkers came. Besides, no new slaves could be imported after 1807 and the prices of the existing slaves had risen markedly. Very few (if any) Voortrekkers had ever owned slaves. Retief's only known connection was that at one time he had borrowed money from an ex-slave woman!
- undoubtedly, there were grievances and complaints; even that early, they had established a catalogue of complaints and felt genuinely aggrieved (whether we think the grievances were as serious as they did is another matter).
Elements in the context
- a number of elements in the context tends to put these issues in a different perspective. Shutting down of migration after 1780s.
- the earlier expansion had left some land not taken up behind the leading edges and the pushing back of the Xhosa in the early wars in the 19th C had made some land available (however, the 1820 settlers had also been assigned much of that); nevertheless, the voracious appetite for land among trekboers meant that by the 1830s, landlessness had grown. In effect, the on-going migration that had characterised the 18th C had been dammed up for almost 50 years. Thus, the Great Trek can be viewed as the bursting of the dam. Thus, the Great Trek can be seen as merely the resumption of the earlier process.
- this interpretation is supported by the fact that late in the 19th C when the problem of landlessness again reemerged in the South African Republic (Transvaal), a couple of attempts were made to organise new treks farther into the interior (into Zimbabwe or Angola). These efforts were blocked by Rhodes who wanted to ensure that it was the British Empire that got these areas. However, these aborted attempts to leave the Boer republic could hardly be viewed as attempts to 'preserve the Afrikaner nation' from extinction of assimilation and provide a powerful argument against the nationalist thesis.
Law forbidding migration north of the Orange River
- the rumours about the proposed treks beyond the Orange River had been circulating for 3-4 years and the government had been considering what it could do in such a case. Again rumours were that troops were to be sent to the drifts (fords) in order to intercept and prevent the treks. Retief and the trekkers were trying to forestall such actions.
- one of the ways to do this was to influence public opinion and sympathy. Many of the grievances were probably included to appeal to those Afrikaners who were not going on the trek. The slavery abolition surely falls into this category. The slave owners lived mostly in the western province area and none of them were joining the trek; however, raising the issue was sure to get their sympathy. Disobedience of lawful authority - this is a sin in much of Calvinist tradition. Earthly authority and government is a surrogate for Divine authority; the Calvinist definition of sin is rebellion against God. Thus, rebellion against earthly authority becomes by projection rebellion against God.
- the only exception is when earthly government is so evil and wicked that disobedience and rebellion is justified. Thus, some of the arguments (not so much by Retief but by others in the movement) were designed to show that this was true of the British administration in the Cape and justified the analogy of the government of the Pharoahs.
Nationalist piety and sacrifice?
- this came to be the major assertion of Afrikaner nationalists in later generations. F. van Jaarsveld challenged this idea in the 1960s in The Awakening of Afrikaner Nationalism; he was roundly denounced for this heresy and there were demands (including members of parliament) that he be fired from his job in the Univ. of Potchefstroom for Christian National Education.
- he argued that a sense of 'national identity' was very little or not at all developed; Trekboers certainly recognised the differences in language, religion, etc. between themselves and the British. They had certainly developed a way-of-life and a set of values that were distinctive, but they were also significantly different from people of Dutch descent in the western province areas of the Cape. The latter regarded the Trekboers as rather wild, semi-barbarous frontiersmen and the sense of common identity was limited and incomplete. The westerners followed the Trek with interest and probably with a good deal of sympathy, but they certainly did not see the trekkers as the saviours of some mystical Afrikaner 'nation'.
- even more significantly, the trekkers themselves had only a limited sense of unity; only severe danger could unite them. Mostly, their loyalties were to individual leaders. Repeatedly during the next 30 years or so, they fought and bickered with each other. They even engaged in 'wars' although they were careful not to kill each other. They were not even united on religion; two new Reformed churches were started (they left the NGK behind in the Cape as it was too 'liberal' and required well educated clergy). One of these new churches (known as the 'Dopper Church') was very austere; even singing of hymns was regarded as too worldly and the only music allowed was the singing of psalms (this was the church of Paul Kruger).
- van Jaarsveld argued that a true sense of national identity did not emerge until after the British annexation of the South African Republic in the 1870s; then a series of national meetings to oppose the annexation and the successful revolt against the British—the '1st War of Independence'—did bring a sense of identity among the Boers of the Transvaal.
- the feeling of nationalist identity (particularly among Afrikaners in the Cape Colony) was only fully developed and confirmed in the period leading up to and including the South African War ('2nd War of Independence' for Afrikaner nationalists). Preservation of the Trekboer ethos and way of life
- this a main thrust of MacCrone's thesis. It is argued that even under the VOC, Cape Town and the western province area had been exposed to ideas from Europe through frequent ships and educated clergy. These include ideas of the enlightenment. However, in the interior where they were largely cut off from such influences, the Trekboers had developed a very different ethos and different notions, especially in regard to the status and relationships between the different 'racial' and colour groups. These notions insisted that darker skinned, 'heathen' peoples were inherently and irremediably inferior to white 'Christians'. Moreover, it was decreed by God that the superior Christians should dominate over and use the labour of the inferior heathens.
- the arrival of the British represented an enormous challenge to this Trekboer ethos. Initially, the British regime was not very much more 'liberal' than the VOC regime or the Batavian regime that it replaced. However, the British regime did begin to extend its authority into the interior in a way that the VOC had never been able to do and began to interfere with Trekboer techniques for dominating and forcing labour from the indigenous and mixed population. Moreover, the humanitarian and antislavery movement in Britain was reaching a peak in the 1820s and 30s. Their campaigns against slavery and exploitation of indigenous peoples were brought very dramatically against Trekboer techniques by the missionaries.
- by the 1830s, the Trekboer ethos was under enormous pressure with Ordinance 50 of 1828, an independent court system which gave everyone equal access, Anglicization policies, etc. The only way to save this ethos and its associated way of life was to escape from the British sphere in the Cape Colony. Clearly, the desire to preserve their view of the world and their way of life was a big incentive for many who joined the Great Trek. It was certainly mentioned in a number of ways.
- this move was successful because the Trekkers were able to resume some of the old practices and to embed their view of 'proper' relations between whites and others in their constitutions with the explicit principle of 'no equality in church or state.' This formed the basis of what has been labeled the 'northern' approach in contrast to the 'liberal' tradition that developed during the rest of the 19th C in the Cape Colony (we shall examine Cape 'liberalism' in Module 12).
- when the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910, there were 2 different approaches—the 'northern' approach of Transvaal, Orange Free State and Natal and the 'liberalism' of the Cape. Liberals hoped that in the decades following, the liberal approach would gradually take over in the Union. However, the reverse happened. By the 1920s and 30s, liberals such as MacCrone were fighting to prevent the last vestiges of 'liberalism' from being extinguished as segregation was increasingly being implemented on the road to what became 'apartheid'. For many South African 'liberals', the significance of the Great Trek was that it had allowed the retrogressive ethos and attitudes on race to survive and thus be the foundation for a segregationist and apartheid South Africa in the 20th C.
- certainly, I tend to put a good deal of emphasis upon 'land hunger'; however, not all landless trekboers joined the migration and others, like Retief, were not landless so other factors were involved as well. Certainly, preserving the Trekboer ethos and way of life was important also. We should not adopt a monocausal or single cause approach.
British attempts to create a stable frontier and border
- the strategy of defining a clear boundary as a means of avoiding hostilities and warfare with the indigenous people had, as we noted earlier, began soon after the settling at the Cape. Although VOC officials had tried to draw boundaries, it had never worked, especially after the emergence of trekboers. However, the Khoikhoi had not posed such a serious military threat as the Xhosa did.
- the British too wanted to limit responsibilities. This was all the more so because it soon proved that wars with the Xhosa were expensive. the mainstay of British attempts to solve the frontier problem was the practice of signing treaties with Xhosa chiefs. The first attempt involved making a treaty with the Ngqika, who was paramount chief of the Rharhabe clans west of the Kei River. The problem was that Ngqika had no control over his uncle Ndlambe and other chiefs; he hoped that the treaty would bring them back under his control with help from the British. The British failed to understand the real situation; although he was genealogically paramount, it did not mean that he had any real authority or control. Later, the British decided that Ngqika was being two-faced when he did not force the chiefs to abide by the terms of the treaty that he had signed. In spite of repeated failures, the British kept trying to use treaties.
another approach was to create an unoccupied nomansland between the white settlement and the Xhosa. Thus, after forcing the Xhosa back in a war, they signed treaties with the chiefs that their people would stay out. African chiefs could not enforce such an order upon African people who regarded the land as theirs. On the other side, there was also much unhappiness among whites who had hoped and expected that any land taken from the Xhosa would be given or, at least, sold to them.
the 1820 settlers was another attempted solution. It was hoped that this settlement would accomplish 2 things: the British settlers would act as a buffer between the trekboer farmers and the Xhosa. Secondly, a major part of the problem was deemed to be the extensive agriculture and pastoralism practised by the Afrikaner farmers which created the unsatiable demand for land. The British farmers were supposed to be an example of the intensive agriculture as practised in Britain. If Afrikaners could be converted to this, there would be adequate land for a long time. This too failed because the Xhosa still regarded it as their land and the climate was totally unsuitable for intensive farming. Most of the 1820 setters soon abandoned the land for towns (most had not been farmers anyway) and those who remained on the land had to adopt many of the same practices as the Afrikaners. Now the British government were worse off because they now had to protect British settlers who had much greater claims for protection on the government.
on the other hand, men on the spot (governors) often were frustrated and felt that the solution was to annex the disputed land and impose order. This was opposed by most missionaries who felt that not only was this unjust to the Xhosa, but it was catering to the white settlers who would have incentives to foment further troubles whenever they wanted more land. This latter suspicion occurred to imperial officials in London also. Besides, if this process was started, where would the annexations end? - J. S. Galbraith came up with a general explanation—the 'turbulent frontier' thesis in his book, Reluctant Empire. He had earlier used this idea to explain British expansion in India; this book applied the idea to South Africa.
- he argued that in order to have a stable border, it is necessary to have strong central governments in states of comparable size and power. Strong central governments are required on both sides of the border in order that unruly elements can be controlled. Otherwise, border incidents occur and escalate into war which then leads to expansion of the winning state. If there is too big a power differential between the states, there is a partial vacuum on the side of the border of the weaker state and the more powerful state tends to get pulled into expansion.
- he used this theory to explain how it happened that the English East India Company and later the British government got pulled into expansion in India until the government ended up controlling the entire subcontinent either directly or indirectly. He uses this same theory to explain why, in spite of great reluctance and even strong steps to avoid it, the British nevertheless made annexations and expanded their control in South Africa.
- the thesis is that failing these 2 requirements, the border area tends to be 'turbulent'; incidents increase tensions and lead to wars. If the 2 sides are relatively equal, it is an endemic condition. If not, the stronger state conquers and expands.
- the situation in South Africa failed on both counts. The Xhosa were not united and paramounts had at best only limited control of genealogical subordinates. Chiefs could not impose their will in the face of popular opposition. Even the British at times had difficulty controlling white settlers. Moreover, power differentials were great.
- as a result, according to Galbraith, in spite of their great reluctance, the British kept getting drawn deeper into southern Africa.
- however, one further factor should be noted. The British were extremely sensitive to any intrusion by other European powers. In the 1840s when the Voortrekkers of the Republic of Natalia were rumoured to be attempting to open contacts with the Netherlands, the British hurriedly annexed Natal. Again, in the 1880s after great reluctance to annex the area now part of Botswana, the German intrusion into and annexation of South West Africa (modern Namibia) brought a rapid change of attitudes and the annexation of Bechuanaland.


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Hi everyone,
This entire post is of course speculative. It is just meant for thoughtful consideration and to play with some of the concepts intuitively. Liber AL has always been a big part of my inner life, and like most, we probably all keep our own insights to ourselves and probably stray away from any 'objective' interpretations of Liber AL, but this post is kind of the opposite of that.
If we take one of the core claims of Liber AL at face value, that it is such a cipher which contains elements related to a specific period of history and what we can expect from it, wouldn't we also expect then historical events themselves to somehow reflect some meaning back on to Liber Al? Wouldn't we expect to find a footprint of Thelema in our own living collective history, independent of our own unique insights and narratives? If so, which events and how can we understand them?
Third Chapter of Liber Al and the spirit of RHK do communicate a reckoning with a tearing down of the old orders. Significant events in history, even the rise of the internet and social media, do seem to be harmonious with this historical expectation.
Which brings me to Trump, truly a 'rich man from the west' who has introduced something in mainstream consciousness that I do not think has any other precedent.
I would like to know everyone thoughts on a 'thelemic' viewpoint of history and events, and what value or guide can we get from contemplating Liber Al in this very very tumultuous and interesting time.
Not meant to be a political discussion, fyi, just psychological and teleological.


text:
GDN necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 200 diseños de 45 diseñadores freelance.
The GDN Corporation
I am a business man that always puts family first. I watch out for the little guys and one thing I've learned, is the good always come back to you.
I have been in this industry all my life. I have been very successful through confidence, respect and maybe a little of humor. I have a name, a name I keep. I am very respected in this industry and my word means alot. I strive to keep it that way at all times, and I always give people the benefit of the doubt.
Our reputation goes along way in this industry. We handle marketing, data, fullfillments, financing and contracting. Our target audience are other business owners in this industry making a living, while taking huge risks. We look to improve their services and provide support, and always find ways to make their business more profitable. Our audience is down to earth, good hearted business men who expect the best at all times. I'm going to give it to them.
Ther are not too many requirements. The main thing is to be clean and sophisticated. Fancy is fine. More of an Elegant office look. The logo needs to stand out, be confident and feel safe. GDN has to be in the logo. There are not any specifics on whether or not "The Corporation" has to be in it. Corporation can be abbriviated to Corp.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


text: Hello every one. Will I am o most done with a 2 year long conversion bike build. Took one year to get all the parts together. I don't know if any one is thinking about building one or doing one right know. My starting point was a 1965 frame, had a 77 R100s motor(last year for mech tach ), /5 headlight bucket and speedo, r65 lens-reflector H4 bulb, /5 wiring harness. I put the coil,starter relay, volt reg all under the tank with fab up brackets. The gas tank has a fuel valve on both sides know. /5 starter switch. Keeping the stock horn and headlight switch from a /2. The big thing I had a problem with was the drive shaft. I won't to use a /7 with a mech /2 bell but did not fit. Got the adapter plate and using a /2 drive shaft. I can wait to ride this bike. As soon as I'm done ill put pic up.


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Juliette Kayyem
Boston Globe
BOSTON: On Tuesday, two young men walked past our car, holding hands � college students basking in a spirited conversation. Their enthusiasm was infectious, even watching from behind the wheel, especially as one of the young men removed his sweatshirt, as if hoping to advance a reluctant spring.
�Do you think Justice Roberts will vote for gay marriage?� my 9-year-old son asked as he watched the two teenagers pass by. He had been absorbing the recent news, or his parents� conversations, but the question itself exposed so much. There was no inquiry into why the boys were holding hands or what it means for boys to like boys. It wasn�t just because we live in a progressive state, though that doesn�t hurt. To a 9-year-old, the Supreme Court�s hearing on gay marriage was like a sporting event. A vote up or down, like choosing a winner in the NCAA basketball tournament, is just a game. Reality was walking by.
The historic shift in acceptance of gay marriage is obviously a generational one, separating those under 40 from those above it. But what about those much, much younger? What can�t be changed by either the law or the high court is just how different the sense of �normal� is for today�s children, who are coming of age in a world where the gay rights movement has focused on the most conventional institutions of all: marriage and family.
Much has been written about whether the experience of children being raised by gay parents is �normal.� But do any children actually view any set of parents as normal? Almost universally, children are sometimes awed, often bored, and too often embarrassed by their parents. In their world, moms love moms, dads love dads, and moms and dads love each other; but we all seem a little off-kilter to them.
There can be little doubt that the Supreme Court arguments on gay marriage are important and their outcome will be historic. But, even as a lawyer and one who believes in this cause, I just couldn�t muster the breathless anticipation that led to this week�s hearings. The world has already turned on this issue. The court cases seemed to exist in their own gossipy bubble. Let�s face it: The presence of Chief Justice John Roberts�s gay cousin at the court isn�t really going to change the result.
When the arguments actually began, it was clear that the court wasn�t about to match the overheated expectations of the many watchers. They seemed dejected. Maybe, after all the war-gaming of the arguments at last year�s hearing on Obamacare, the media observers weren�t inclined to jump to any conclusions this time. Words like �curious� and �confused� are all we got from the many reporters waiting outside, while the justices themselves focused on technical issues like who has proper standing to sue. (But so what? Technical rules are what separates our courts from every street-corner pontificator.)
The gay marriage movement is, in some ways, about reinforcing technicalities and embracing conventions. For couples with luck, means, and a steady hand, nothing is quite as conventional as getting married or raising children. Of course love is essential, but the daily rhythm is a matter of logistics. It is Saturday mornings on a soccer field, a Tuesday pot-luck class breakfast, and daily arguments over turning off the Wii console.
The marriage debate is already over for our children. If the trajectory of polling continues as it has, in places as diverse as Massachusetts and Mississippi, acceptance of gay marriage is a foregone conclusion. This applies to the children of heterosexual parents as much as those of homosexual parents. My hockey-playing son watches a gay father talk with the chain-smoking referee at the rink, and condemns only one of them.
What Roberts and the court will do is of immediate importance to the cause of gay rights. But I can�t help thinking that there already are kids being raised in what opponents of gay marriage call �normal� households who don�t view them as so normal at all, or any more normal than the two college boys walking down the street who might one day have a child of their own.
Kayyem is a Boston Globe columnist. She can be reached at email@example.com and Twitter @juliettekayyem.


text:
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Joan Jones, wtop.com
WASHINGTON – There's a little problem creeping around in your backyard: ticks.
Luckily, spring is the ideal time of year to get on top of it.
WTOP's Garden editor Mike McGrath says if people are worried about ticks hitching a ride inside on pets coming through the back door, they may want to invest in Tick Tubes.
They are little cardboard tubes loaded with cotton balls and soaked in Promethrin, which is a pesticide deadly to ticks. Field mice steal that cotton to make their nests. McGrath suggests spreading Tick Tubes around the yard.
Once on the ground, field mice take the cotton back to their nests and line them with the tick-killing wallpaper. The ticks ingest the Promethrin and voila – no more tick problem. This is because ticks spend part of their lives on the white-footed field mouse. McGrath says not all ticks will nestle in on a deer.
He suggests spreading the tubes when dogs are inside, so they don't think it is a game when they see their owners hiding the tubes. The pesticide in the tubes is not harmful for dogs.
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