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Astronomers have shown that, at high red shifts, gravitational lensing might have a dominant effect on the number of galaxies counted in upcoming surveys. As astronomers peer deeper into the sky, they will have to be careful what they count.
When counting galaxies, astronomers use the Schechter luminosity function, which gives a characteristic luminosity for a distribution of galaxies. Above this luminosity, there are exponentially fewer galaxies; below it, the number galaxies grows rapidly. Fitting the observed distribution of galaxies to the luminosity function gives an estimate of the number of galaxies in that distribution. But overcounting bright galaxies gives the wrong fit, and will throw that estimate off. And gravitational lensing might produce just this sort of overcount.
Since mass distorts space, and light travels through space, massive objects can bend light and act like giant lenses. Because of these lenses, distant objects can be magnified and, more importantly, can be made to appear brighter. The brightening of dim, distant galaxies due to gravitational lensing will make it appear as if there are more bright galaxies in a survey than there really are. Current surveys go out to a distance where the redshift of light has a value of z = 6-7. In these surveys, such as the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, around one percent of the galaxies are lensed. The authors of the new paper have calculated that, when surveys reach redshifts z > 14, up to 10 percent of galaxies could be lensed.
With new instruments, such as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), corrections due to gravitational lensing will be necessary for accurate survey counts. The JWST will be looking at redshifts z > 12, and the characteristic luminosity of these galaxies will be approaching the limit of detection of the telescope making imaging of the dimmer galaxies in the population almost impossible. Therefore, only bright and lensed galaxies will be seen in the high redshift surveys it performs.
The authors do note that dim galaxies that are normally inaccessible may be brought into the light of study through gravitational lenses, so there is a good side to this problem.
Nature, 2011. DOI: 10.1038/nature09619 (About DOIs).


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artful design that speaks to your style
Reflecting the stillness and simplicity of natural forms, BZDesign textiles are effortlessly stylish. No two pieces are exactly alike, each the result of a process that starts with sustainably sourced materials crafted with mindful attention to detail and ends with an artistic, functional accessory to enhance the home or wardrobe.
Made by hand, BZDesign accessories are delicate but durable, modern but timeless in their quality and style. This singular approach to design, construction and materials give BZDesign creations lasting value.

subset: commoncrawl


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DonM necesitaba un nuevo diseño de otro y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 24 diseños de 7 diseñadores freelance.
1-800-MULCHit supplies mulch delivery and installation for residential and commercial customers. Company is based in Florida
Residential and commercial customers
Revise attached rack card front and back. Card is 4" X 9" four color processes on both sides. The 1-800-MULCHit logo must stay the same but all other graphics can change. The mulch photos can be altered or deleted entirely. We are looking to add some dimension and shading to the graphics. If there is room on the front of the card we would like to add OUR CUSTOMERS: Management Companies, Homeowner Associations, Condominium Associations, Commercial Property Owners, Hotel & Resorts, Landscapers & Nurseries, Governmental Agencies and Municipalities, Realtors, Schools, Homeowners. On the back of the card the green and red arrows are in the wrong place. The green arrow should be on the top senescence and the red arrow on the bottom sentence of every set.


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Schools & Colleges
A-Z Index | Find a Health Care Provider
Contact Us | Maps and Parking
This program provides families and patients with an understanding of Type 1 diabetes and encourages their confidence in its day-to-day management. The expectation is that by the time patients are ready to leave home for college or the workforce, they will have the ability to manage their own blood sugars. Present evidence strongly suggests that consistent blood sugar control greatly diminishes the chances of long-term eye and kidney complications. Our pediatric endocrinologists participate in studies that strive to advance and improve glucose monitoring and closed loop technology by following patients in clinical trials at our Center. Together with the Adult Clinic, the BDC has been a driving force in diabetes care in the development of new technology for insulin delivery systems and blood glucose monitoring with the goal of constantly improving the management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in children and improving long term outcomes in patients worldwide.The Pediatric Clinic offers complete education and support for children and adolescents with all types of diabetes. The Clinic is ADA certified, and our nurses, dietitians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants and social workers are Certified Diabetes Educators.
New Onset Classes Newly diagnosed patients are referred to the Barbara Davis Center from all over Colorado, adjacent states and the Rocky Mountain region. They and their families are given intensive and comprehensive individual and group training, care and counseling on a day-to-day basis with the clinical care team members from the Center. Once a week a half day new onset class is held for newly diagnosed patients and their families. Newly diagnosed patients continue to be followed intensively with daily contact if need be until the patient and family are comfortable with their care and in good control. Most patients will eventually be seen routinely four times a year. However, providers and help are available 24 hours a day for changes in regimens, emergencies and illnesses. All newly diagnosed patients and their families receive a free copy of Understanding Diabetes (the Pink Panther book) written by two of our clinicians, Dr. Peter Chase and Dr. David Maahs, available for both purchase and online. The Pink Panther series includes multiple editions, a new Spanish version and a book written especially for very young patients and, as well as a book for new insulin pump users.
Clinical Social Work Our clinical social workers meet with each new onset family in order to help them adjust to the diagnosis of diabetes. They are available to help families and kids with diabetes related issues at anytime, both during clinic visits and outside of regularly scheduled appointments.
Nutrition Our dietitians meet with each new onset or new to clinic family to teach them how to adjust diet to insulin delivery. They are also available to all patients during scheduled visits, individual nutrition visits and by telephone.
Pumps and Sensors The Pediatric Clinic has a comprehensive program for helping patients initiate insulin pump therapy and/or continuance glucose monitoring. Certified trainers are available on site, and all pump and sensors training is done in the outpatient setting. Dr. Peter Chase has published Understanding Insulin Pumps & Continuous Glucose Monitors also available for purchase and online.
The Core Laboratory The core laboratory at the Center performs studies which include assays of serum levels of islet cell antibody and autoantibodies for associated autoimmune disorders, including celiac and Addison's disease. These assays can also be performed on patients' relatives to determine those who are also at risk for developing these diseases. Elevated of specific autoantibodies typically precede clinical development of type 1 diabetes, celiac disease and Addison's disease. Early detection of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes dramatically decreases the risk of early and acute complications and, for diabetes, may delay the onset of exogenous insulin requirements.
Special Courses The Pediatric Clinic encourages opportunities for continuing education, participation in local support groups, special outings and parties arranged by the Guild of the Children's Diabetes Foundation, and attendance at annual summer camps sponsored by the Colorado American Diabetes Association. Indeed, many of our medical staff members as well as many other employees who have type 1 diabetes themselves volunteer to staff the camps each summer.
In addition to individual family instruction, the Center runs a number of special one-day courses each year. These include the after High School, Grandparents Workshop and "New to Clinic" Workshops. The Clinic also conducts a yearly day-long training education conference in diabetes for school nurses. A national conference for health professionals on childhood diabetes is held every year.
© The Regents of the University of Colorado, a body corporate. All rights reserved.
Accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. All trademarks are registered property of the University. Used by permission only.


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"This slight of hand needs to done quite early. Now is good."
Thank you Walt. Was hoping you'd have the time to chime in. Once the weather clears a bit today I will try for the slight of hand. No worries about staying in the deep one more season.
These girls are strong swarmers so hopefully I can slow them a bit. Thanks again Walt.


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Whether there's a polar vortex, an unusually cold winter, or a lot of rain, Mother Nature takes her toll on your roof. A spring roof inspection can help you assess winter's effect on your roof, chimney, vents and gutters.
What can Happen
1. Snow and ice can put extra pressure on roof shingles, possibly causing them to crack. Shingles can also bend under the weight, forcing them apart from other shingles, creating gaps where cold air and moisture can enter the house.
2. A warming period, followed by more sub-freezing weather, can cause snow and ice to melt, then refreeze. The resulting ice blocks rain and melted snow from flowing into the gutters, creating pools of water and adding to the weight on the roof. Roofers call this condition an ice dam.
3. In cold climates, attics have more insulation to keep heat inside. Since warm parts of the country don't usually need the extra insulation, heat can more easily escape through the roof. This can cause snow to melt and reform as ice, increasing the risk for ice dams and shingle damage.
What to look for:
You can give your roof a pretty thorough look from the ladder. Remember to use extreme caution if you decide to climb onto the roof in early spring. Uneven shingles and patches of ice pose a serious risk of tripping and falling. Call a professional for roofing repairs in early spring or wait until you're sure the roof is dry. Try Angie's List to find a reputable service in your area.


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Rob Halford, Bruce Kulick To Perform During Alice Cooper's Annual Christmas Pudding
Alice Cooper has invited Rob Halford of Judas Priest and Bruce Kulick formerly with Kiss to perform at the 11th annual 'Christmas Pudding' show. Taking place at the Comerica Theatre in Phoenix, Ariz., on Dec. 17, the show will benefit Solid Rock and Cooper's new teen center 'The Rock,' opening in Spring of 2012.
Solid Rock is Cooper's non-profit organization that helps children and teens in need and their mission is to make an everlasting difference in the lives of kids who need it. Other guests that will perform with Alice this year are Orianthi, Brian 'Head Welch' of Korn, the Tubes, former Motley Crue singer John Corabi and Kip Winger of Winger. Last year Rob Zombie and the Eagles' Don Felder were part of the annual holiday performance.
This show is about variety and promises to bring together musicians, dancers and comedians so together they can create a magical evening of music, comedy, dance and a bit of mayhem. In addition, if you're in Phoenix and aspire to be a roadie for a day you can enter a contest to work behind the scenes at the show here — the entries require a small donation, but the proceeds directly benefit Solid Rock.


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Gov. Rick Scott outraged over salary increases at Citizens
Gov. Rick Scott blasted top executives at Citizens Property Insurance Corp. for "foolish" behavior Wednesday, calling on them to give back large pay raises they received last year.
"First off, they have these outrageous pay raises," Scott said in an interview. "They ought to give that back. Those ought to go back."
The raises, first reported by the Herald/Times, came as the state-run company was increasing homeowners' insurance rates and scaling back coverage. In the Herald/Times interview, Scott said no one told him about the pay hikes — some as large as $31,000 — and made it clear that he did not approve.
Citizens has been involved in a number of controversies in the last year as news of the company's spending habits has come to light. Expenditures unearthed by the Herald/Times, independent auditors and Scott's chief inspector general include gourmet dinners, alcohol, international travel and stays in $600-a-night resorts.
A Citizens spokesperson said the company will "revisit" its board-approved compensation plan and "make a revised recommendation at the March meeting." The company did not say whether or not executives would return the money they received in raises last year.
In an opinion piece published Wednesday in the Bradenton Herald, Citizens' board chairman Carlos Lacasa said that the company has "sound internal governance" and the raises were merited due to increased responsibilities and comparisons with the private insurance industry.
"The raises also followed three straight years of no merit raises and were accompanied by a decrease to benefits in the form of increased health insurance premiums and higher co-pays," Lacasa wrote.
Scott said that his staff had heard Citizens' rationale for raising the salaries, but he remained critical of the pay increases, which went out to some of the highest-paid execs at the state-run insurer. Thousands of employees at state agencies have not received a raise in six years.
On several occasions, Scott criticized executives' use of the corporate credit card to buy alcohol, including purchases brought to light by Chief Inspector General Melinda Miguel.
Citizens responded to Miguel's findings by saying that Lacasa had reimbursed the company for $300 in alcohol purchased at a company dinner last June. Receipts obtained by the Herald/Times show that seven or eight officials at Citizens ordered about $369 of red wine and Grey Goose Vodka during a $918 dinner at Orlando's Ocean Prime restaurant.
"We shouldn't be reimbursing them for alcohol," Scott said. "This is a state-organized entity. It shouldn't be any different."
Citizens has agreed to adopt policies that more closely mirror travel laws that govern state agencies, with president Barry Gilway saying the company is "aggressively looking for ways to tighten its financial belt."
Shortly after becoming president, Gilway approved raises topping $175,000 for a handful of execs and $2.1 million in additional raises for all employees. The executive raises went into effect last year between August and October. At the same time, internal investigators were looking into evidence that Citizens had paid out more than $750,000 in severance packages, including large awards to executives who resigned after misconduct allegations. After unveiling the questionable severance packages, the internal investigators were fired.
Scott, who has steered clear of taking major policy positions on the politically thorny issue of property insurance, did not hold back when it came to weighing in on the salary raises.
Breaking from his normally mild demeanor, the governor used words like "ridiculous," "foolish," and "outrageous" to describe the spending decisions at Citizens.
"When I see some people doing some foolish things — this is a government-organized entity," said Scott. "People shouldn't be doing these things."
Toluse Olorunnipa can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or on Twitter at @ToluseO.


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The story of "Otto Warmbier", the young students arrested in North Korea and returned home in a coma only to die a few days later, is indeed a bit strange.
Starting, of course, with the identity of this alleged "young student".
"Otto Warmbier". I find it at least fascinating that this person has a typical German first name (I'd say, stereotypical), while his surname is an almost perfect play on the phrase "warm beer". This doesn't have to mean anything, but I take it as a hint that some goof back at fakery central might have concocted this person out of thin air.
Its name also anagrams into "Wartime Robot".
According to Wickedpedia, Warmbier was born in 1994 and was only 21 when he was arrested in January 2016, under the accusation of having stolen a propaganda poster from the hotel. We all know this preposterous story, which seems to be designed to enhance the absurd evilness and arbitrariness of the backwards North-Korean regime.
We are also told that "Warm Beer" was Jewish. This doesn't have to mean anything, although it emphasizes the role of "innocent victim" of this unjustly incarcerated young American citizen.
Almost two months after the arrest, Warmbier held a press conference. Here's the full video:
full link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dCZvgY1NGXU
So it is assumed that the whole confession of his crime as told during this incredible press conference, the absurd espionage intrigue involving The U.S. government was entirely suggested by NK officials, nothing but a script in a "kangaroo court". He mentions having acted on behalf of the "Friendship United Methodist Church", because of the "financial difficulties" of his family, and an involvement of the "Z society" "the most secret organization at the University of Virginia", "controlled by the C.I.A".
All of this is supposed to work as a demonstration for the NK public, and to fit the narrative of brain-washing and psychological torture, duress and terrible threats a westerner under arrest would have to suffer in such a situation.
This is all possible, because we know so little of what happens there, and there are indications that the regime lives in an alternate reality. However a few things are a bit surprising. First, Otto barely looks at the paper in front of him, even though the words he says cannot naturally be considered nothing but a script that was given to him. Did he take the time to learn it by heart, coached by his torturers? Including the bows he takes? Furthermore, was the strange emphasis and poise he gives to every sentence suggested as well? Is it really possible to obtain such acted-out collaboration from a 21 year old in just a month? Is North Korean brain-washing so efficient? How can this young person speak like a wartime robot?
The theater of questions (all, evidently, pre-scripted given the acted-out way in which Warm Beer answers them), makes for an instructive watch, especially when it comes to the questions of the Russian and Chinese correspondents. I recommend in particular the moment in which Warm beer describes his humanitarian treatment, but "misses his family very much". Later on, in the final statement, Warm beer will show himself in tears. Yet these tears, too, appear to be an act. What I see here is bad agent/actor doing a favor to the NK government, while playing a part for the western propaganda, but I fail to believe the story of the young American caught in a game bigger than him.
The imagery relative to Otto Warm Beer is quite scarce and not of an especially good quality. Here's some of it from a Google search.


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(перенаправлено с «Bob Bruninga»)Перейти к навигации Перейти к поиску
WB4APR - позывной Bob Bruninga
О персоне
- Robert E Bruninga
- 115 Old Farm Ct
- Glen Burnie, MD 21060
- E-mail: wb4apr att amsat.org
Вехи биографии
- 1960s - Playing with radio, xtal sets, Tubed CB sets and converted car radios
- 1963 - Novice: WN4APR with ARC-5 Command sets on 40/80 m
- 1973 - Playing with VHF FM in Japan and building radios
- 1975 - Wrote first RTTY BBS, later added phone, then RF ASCII
- 1978 - Worked with AMRAD group developing AX.25 in USA
- 1982 - wrote first data map program plotting navy ship positions on APPLE2 in Japan.
- 1983 - wrote VIC-20 VHF/HF BBS and Gateway and defined 200 Hz shift due to development of mods to dozens of surplus VADCG bell 103 modems with cross-county links to W0RPK, W9TD, and K7PYK on 10.149 MHz. Remained on the air 5 years through 1989 under the FCC STA for automatic packet HF operations. Developed larger system on the Commodore C-64 for BBS's used around the world through the 90's.
- 1984 - Developed CETS (Connectionless Emergency Traffic System) on Vic-20 and C-64 for digital packet comms in support of 100 mile cross country endurence run for AMRAD.
- 1986 - or so, used CETS for amateur packet radio support of the FEMA National Disaster Medical System exercises in DC area.
- 1988 - or so, ported CETS over to the new IBM AT PC and began to add maps and position plotting of stations.
- 1990 - or so. Began hand making maps of the USA for CETWS use.
- 1992 - Changed name of CETS to APRS and presented paper at DCC in Teaneck NJ where I first met Sproul Brothers who later wrote Mac and WinAPRS.
- 1994 - Developed MIM Module with N3MIM and Mic-E protocol. Proposed WIDEn-N digipeating
- 1996 - or so worked with TAPR to produce Mic-Encoder and Paccomm to indroduce callsign-substitution RELAY, WIDE, TRACE digipeating
- 1998 - Worked with Kantronics to introduced WIDEn-N digipeating and Kenwood to introduce the TH-D7 APRS walkie Talkie
- 2000 - Kenwood introduced the TM-D700 APRS mobile radio
- 2001 - Introduced APRS touch-tone, APRS reporting of IRLP and Echolink. Developed PCSAT-1.
- 2004 - Began the New-N Paradigm to rid APRS of all old legacy digipeating algorithms and focuse on user education for one standard
- 2005 - Began initiative to include operating Frequency in all packets.
- 2006 - Developed PCSAT-2 to fly on outside of ISS
- 2007 - Developed ANDE, RAFT and MARScom amateur satellites for deployment by Space Shuttle
- 2008 - Yaesu introduced the VX-8R APRS walkie-Talkie.
- 2008 - Introduced the Universal Ham Radio Text Messaging Initiative to tie together the two-dozen or more existing amateur radio text messaging capabilities.


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European Commission
Brussels, 28 January 2013
Package travel rights: Commission examines options
The European Commission will this week meet with consumer groups and business leaders in the travel industry to discuss the review of the current EU legislation on package holidays. The 1990 Package Travel Directive protects European consumers booking pre-arranged package holidays. For example, the rules ensure that holidaymakers will always get home even if a tour operator goes bust.
Over the last years, the development of the internet and the emergence of low-cost air carriers have revolutionised the way in which people organise their holidays. An increasing number of EU citizens, in addition to buying pre-arranged packages, now put together their holidays themselves. These changes in the travel market, in particular the impact of online booking, mean that the overall proportion of holidaymakers booking traditional package holidays, and therefore protected by the Directive, has fallen. The Commission is therefore examining three main options: modernising the current legislation, leaving it as it is, or scrapping it entirely.
Following this week's final stakeholder consultations, Vice-President Viviane Reding, in liaison with Vice-President Antonio Tajani, intend to decide on next steps in late Spring.
The Package Travel Directive (90/314/EEC) protects European consumers going on holiday and covers pre-arranged package holidays combining at least two of the following: (1) transport, (2) accommodation (3) other tourist services such as sightseeing tours (sold at an inclusive price and when the service covers more than 24 hours or includes an overnight stay).
The Directive provides protection covering: information requirements, liabilities for services (e.g. sub-standard hotels) and protection (reimbursement of sums paid or repatriation) in the case of a tour operator or airline going bust.
The Commission launched a public consultation on the revision of the Directive in November 2009 (IP/09/1824). The consultation focused on possible ways of solving the main limitations of the existing package travel rules. It also aimed to quantify the impact of various possible legislative options.
On 22 April 2010 the Commission held a workshop and on 5 June 2012 a conference with stakeholders on the revision of the Package Travel Directive.
For more information
European Commission – package travel directive:
Homepage of Vice-President Viviane Reding, EU Justice Commissioner:
Justice Directorate General Newsroom:
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Molly K. Hooper
The Hill
Dec 2, 2012
The top-ranking Republican on the Senate Finance Committee accused President Obama of pulling a "bait and switch� this week with the administration's proposed deal to avert the so-called "fiscal cliff.�
"What [Obama] proposed this week was a classic bait and switch on the American people�a tax increase double the size of what he campaigned on, billions of dollars in new stimulus spending and an unlimited, unchecked authority to borrow from the Chinese,� Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) said in Saturday's weekly GOP address.
"Maybe I missed it but I don't recall him asking for any of that during the presidential campaign. These ideas are so radical that they have already been rejected on a bipartisan basis by Congress.�
On Thursday, Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner was dispatched to Capitol Hill to share Obama's plan with House Speaker John Boehner (R-Ohio) and Senate GOP Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) The deal included $1.6 trillion in tax hikes, $50 billion in economic stimulus spending and $400 billion in spending cuts. Republicans have demanded more severe spending cuts � including entitlement reform � to begin a discussion on raising taxes.


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Setting up Custom-Defined PHP Error Logs in cPanel
cPanel offers built-in error logging, but it doesn't catch errors generated from PHP and doesn't keep error logs for extended periods of time. To remedy this, you can have PHP store errors it encounters in your own error log file.
To Set up Custom-Defined Error Logs in cPanel
- Create a file called
php_error.log— you can either do this locally and FTP it to your server (more info), or you can use cPanel's built-in file manager (more info).
- Create or edit a PHP initialization file (you can find the name you should use here) containing the following line of code:
error_log = /home/[your username]/public_html/php_error.logYou can find the value for
[your username]in Find my FTP username and password for Web and Classic Hosting
Now, PHP will pass any coding-related errors to the
php_error.log file. This file can take a few hours before it starts receiving errors your website generates, and only displays content if your website does generate errors.


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I expect my whiskey flask to do three things: be discreet, provide me with enough liquid courage to get through the day, and shield my heart from an assassin's bullet like on TV. (I have a lot of enemies, you know.) But if you spend $900 on a flask, what guarantee do you have that it's tough and ready for battle? Make sure it's supercar tested, that's how.
The Macallan distillery, that purveyor of fine single malt scotch, recently unveiled a flask that looks like something the SAS would carry into some secret battlefield. It costs £600, which comes out to more than $900. I don't know why anyone would spend that much on a flask, but then again, I'm not a rich douchebag.
But as we see from this video, it stands up to various tests of durability from a variety of supercars, including a Hennessey Ford GT and a Mercedes SLS AMG. For good measure there's a Cobra knockoff and some kind of E46 with a ridiculous wing. Try to ignore the grating honky tonk music in the background.
It's all good fun, I suppose. I mean, testing an overly expensive flask is exactly what I would do if I had a Hennessey Ford GT for an afternoon. Wouldn't you?


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Under sommaren 2013 har Melica, och Sportfiskarna, på uppdrag av Länsstyrelsen Västra Götalands län inventerat flodpärlmussla i Enningdalsälven, Kolarebäcken, Sollumsån, Verkälven, Tattarströmmarna och Önnarp enligt metoden
enkel statusbeskrivning. I Gärebäcken, Slereboån och Tidan har metoden statusbeskrivning använts. Syftet med övervakningen är att följa status och trender för de ingående vattendragen med avseende på flodpärlmussla och jämföra resultaten med tidigare inventeringar. Ett av vattendragen har inventerats tidigare, Gärebäcken, de resterande 8 är nyinventeringar.
I takt med arbetslivets snabba utveckling skapas fler och nya variationer av arbetsmiljöer som kan få helt olika betydelser för grupper på arbetsmarknaden. Inte minst då skillnader mellan grupper ökar. För att arbetsmiljöarbete ska bli verkningsfullt bör vi arbetslivsforskare minska fokus på övergripande medeltal där alla "dragits över en kam" och istället satsa på mer arbetsplatsnära förhållningssätt om hur arbetsmiljöerna påverkar olika grupper och individer. Arbetslivsforskning behövs som kan ta sig an arbetslivets komplexa förändringar och bidra med bredare kunskaper till aktörerna som bedriver arbetsmiljöarbete – och att vi forskare samverkar med dessa aktörer.
The purpose of this study was to to examine what teachers think about visual art and how the learning process in this subject does look like. To answer these issues, I made interviews with five teachers of visual art from different schools, and I examined several examples of pupils' artworks. The stories of the teachers were analyzed in relation to governing documents and with assumptions from sociocultural theory, postmodernism and pedagogical - aesthetic research as theoretical point of view.
By the qualitative interview method, the observations of the pupil's artworks, and by the analysis of the interviews with the teachers, I have come to the conclusion that teachers think differently about art but they try to keep themselves in line with the national governing documents. Its affects aspects of disciplines, styles, techniques and medium that is exemplified by the pupil's art works, and it points out similarities and differences between the pupil's art works and between the teachers when teaching visual art.
This is a qualitative study about Art transformation and commodification in the digital age. The study applies a rhetoric analysis with the aim to understand how art sellers, gallery owners and entrepreneurs take part in this transformation process through their websites' presentation texts "about us". The analysis is related to communication theories but it is also inspired by other theories such as Gramsci's hegemony theory and Bourdieu's cultural critical theory. The study shows that in an environment of "Global Communication", activities that are related to the visual art on the net are strongly influenced by the commodification. Marketers and business managers have a big advantage of this phase of change in Art activities on the net. As senders in a one-way communication process, they use their rhetorical skills in their presentation texts to build identities or to enhance their business, depending on the positions of power they have in the market. They invest in art and artists, in order to expand their businesses and to capture a wider audience of recipients on World Wide Web to get more money and power. The study recommends further research about the Art commodification, preferably from the receiver's and the artists' sides to reveal more aspects of the effects of this transformation process in Art and its values.
The society today lives on the philosophy of 'take-make-use-dispose.' In the long run, this is not sustainable as the natural resources and the waste carrying capacity of the earth are limited. Therefore, it is essential to reduce dependency on the natural resources by decoupling the growth from the consumption. In this venture, both the society and the manufacturing industry have a vital role to play. The society needs to shift towards Circular Economy that rests upon the philosophy of 'take-make-use-reuse' and the manufacturing industry has to be a major stakeholder in this shift. Despite being proven to be both economically and environmentally beneficial, successful examples of circular systems are few today. This is primarily due to two reasons; firstly, there is a lack of systemic and systematic approach to guide industries and secondly, there is a lack of analysis methods and tools that are capable of assessing different aspects of circular manufacturing systems. Taking on to these challenges, the objective of this research is to bring forward a framework with methods and decision support tools that are essential to implement circular manufacturing systems. The initial conceptual framework with the systemic approach is developed based on extensive review and analysis of research, which is further adapted for industrial implementation. Systematic analysis methods, decision support and implementation tools are developed to facilitate this adaptation. This development has been supported by four cases from diverse manufacturing sectors. Behind each decision support tool, there are analysis methods built upon mainly system dynamics principles. These tools are based on simulation platforms called Stella and Anylogic. Among other things, these tools are capable of assessing the performance of closed-loop supply chains, consequences of resource scarcity, potential gains from resource conservation and overall economic and environmental performance of circular manufacturing systems.
The question of resource scarcity and emerging pressure of environmental legislations has brought a new challenge for the manufacturing industry. On the one hand, there is a huge population that demands a large quantity of commodities; on the other hand, these demands have to be met by minimum resources and pollution. Resource conservative manufacturing (ResCoM) is a proposed holistic concept to manage these challenges. The successful implementation of this concept requires cross functional collaboration among relevant fields, and among them, closed loop supply chain is an essential domain. The paper aims to highlight some misconceptions concerning the closed loop supply chain, to discuss different challenges, and in addition, to show how the proposed concept deals with those challenges through analysis of key performance indicators (KPI).
The work presented in this paper is mainly based on the literature review. The analysis of performance of the closed loop supply chain is done using system dynamics, and the Stella software has been used to do the simulation. Findings The results of the simulation depict that in ResCoM; the performance of the closed loop supply chain is much enhanced in terms of supply, demand, and other uncertainties involved. The results may particularly be interesting for industries involved in remanufacturing, researchers in the field of closed loop supply chain, and other relevant areas. Originality The paper presented a novel research concept called ResCoM which is supported by system dynamics models of the closed loop supply chain to demonstrate the behavior of KPI in the closed loop supply chain.
A transition from discrete optical modes to 1D photonic bands is experimentally observed and numerically studied in planar photonic-crystal (PhC) L-N microcavities of length N. For increasing N the confined modes progressively acquire a well-defined momentum, eventually reconstructing the band dispersion of the corresponding waveguide. Furthermore, photon localization due to disorder is observed experimentally in the membrane PhCs using spatially resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. Implications on single-photon sources and transfer lines based on quasi-1D PhC structures are discussed.
Syftet med föreliggande studie var att vinna kunskap om och ge en bild av hur sex pedagoger inom förskolan upplever att det är att arbeta integrerat med asylbarn i den allmänna förskolan och att ge en bild av vad pedagogerna berättar om hur detta arbete organiseras. För att få svar på studiens frågor har en kvalitativ forskningsintervju använts. Två forskningsfrågor skapades från vilka intervjufrågorna huvudsakligen formades. Forskningsfrågorna var: Vilka förutsättningar för arbetet med asylbarn ger pedagogerna uttryck för och på vilket sätt organiseras den allmänna förskolan för asylbarn. Som analysredskap i studien har den sociokulturella och den interkulturella teorin använts. Studiens resultat visar att integreringen av asylbarn i den allmänna förskolan innebär att pedagogerna har att förhålla sig till att arbeta med asylbarn och deras föräldrar utan att dela språk eller känna till mycket om deras bakgrund. De måste också arbeta i en barngrupp som kan vara extra rörlig och instabil till storlek och dagsform. Resultatet visar också att den goda intention som det är att asylbarnen ska få komma varje dag till den allmänna förskolan gör att tiden på förskolan blir för kort för att pedagogerna ska kunna arbeta mer planerat med asylbarnens språk och egna kultur.
In wireless and mobile IP networks there is a need to support a set of functions that are related to wireless QoS provisioning, resource optimizations, mobility and security management and operator policy enforcement. These requirements have lead to the frequent usage of so called middleboxes including header/payload compressors, performance enhancement proxies, tunnel endpoints, packet filters and redirectors, QoS schedulers and others. Unfortunately, the increasing usage of these types of devices often leads to undesirable artifacts called feature interactions. In this paper we propose a framework that aims to coordinate the operation of middleboxes such that feature interactions are avoided. The three main ideas are (1) the separation of the control plane from the distributed network nodes, (2) the usage of a middlebox function independent horizontal protocol that allows mobile hosts to communicate their desired service requests to the network and (3) the usage of a vertical protocol between the network control and user planes. We present two examples in which this framework helps eliminate the risk for feature interactions. We comment on the relationship between the end-to-end principle and this framework. Finally, we discuss how future middleboxes can fit into this framework.
The aim of this one-year master thesis in archival science was to examine how municipalities take regulations concerning public records into account when they use Facebook. Another aim was to examine the involvement of archivists, registrars or similar staff in the management of the regulations. Since Swedish archival theory and practice has a close connection to the application of these regulations, such an examination was hopefully going to reveal tendencies of importance for archival science. The method used to collect information was a web questionnaire and the result was based on answers from 21 municipalities with an official Facebook page. The questionnaire showed that six of the municipalities regarded documents originating from their Facebook page as public records. Three did not, and a large group had not yet decided how to treat these documents. Only three municipalities did archive documents from Facebook. The involvement of archivists, registrars and similar personnel was generally very small, even though regulations concerning public records had more often been taken into account in the municipalities that had informed this personnel about the use of an official Facebook page. The difference in management between the municipalities was together with the demand for national guiding principles indicating difficulties in applying the regulations to social medias like Facebook. The fact that most of the municipalities that had taken the regulations into account had come to the conclusion that Facebook generated public records, together with the fact that national guiding principles presented during the work with this thesis had the same interpretation, indicated that documents originating from Facebook will be a part of Swedish public records in the future. The difference in management and the demand for guidance also indicated a need for better division of responsibilities and a more active approach in the future, to ensure that the regulations concerning public records are taken into account early and correctly when authorities starts to use new medias.
Accident models and analysis methods affect what accident investigators look for, which contributory factors are found, and which recommendations are issued. This paper contrasts the Sequentially Timed Events Plotting (STEP) method and the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) for accident analysis and modelling. The main issue addressed in this paper is the comparison of the established multi-linear method STEP with the new systemic method FRAM and which new insights the latter provides for accident analysis in comparison to the former established multi-linear method. Since STEP and FRAM are based on a different understandings of the nature of accidents, the comparison of the methods focuses on what we can learn from both methods, how, when, and why to apply them. The main finding is that STEP helps to illustrate what happened, involving which actors at what time, whereas FRAM illustrates the dynamic interactions within socio-technical systems and lets the analyst understand the how and why by describing non-linear dependencies, performance conditions, variability, and their resonance across functions.
A novel arc heat treatment technique was applied to design a uniquely graded super duplex stainless steel (SDSS), by subjecting a single sample to a steady state temperature gradient for 10 h. A new experimental approach was used to map precipitation in microstructure, covering aging temperatures of up to 1430 °C. The microstructure was characterized and functionality was evaluated via hardness mapping. Nitrogen depletion adjacent to the fusion boundary depressed the upper temperature limit for austenite formation and influenced the phase balance above 980 °C. Austenite/ferrite boundaries deviating from Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship (OR) were preferred locations for precipitation of σ at 630–1000 °C, χ at 560–1000 °C, Cr2N at 600–900 °C and R between 550 °C and 700 °C. Precipitate morphology changed with decreasing temperature; from blocky to coral-shaped for σ, from discrete blocky to elongated particles for χ, and from polygonal to disc-shaped for R. Thermodynamic calculations of phase equilibria largely agreed with observations above 750 °C when considering nitrogen loss. Formation of intermetallic phases and 475 °C-embrittlement resulted in increased hardness. A schematic diagram, correlating information about phase contents, morphologies and hardness, as a function of exposure temperature, is introduced for evaluation of functionality of microstructures.
A novel arc heat treatment technique was applied to design a uniquely graded super duplex stainless steel (SDSS), by subjecting a single sample to a steady state temperature gradient for 10 h. A new experimental approach was used to map precipitation in microstructure, covering aging temperatures of up to 1430 °C. The microstructure was characterized and functionality was evaluated via hardness mapping. Nitrogen depletion adjacent to the fusion boundary depressed the upper temperature limit for austenite formation and influenced the phase balance above 980 °C. Austenite/ferrite boundaries deviating from Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship (OR) were preferred locations for precipitation of σ at 630–1000 °C, χ at 560–1000 °C, Cr2N at 600–900 °C and R between 550 °C and 700 °C. Precipitate morphology changed with decreasing temperature; from blocky to coral-shaped for σ, from discrete blocky to elongated particles for χ, and from polygonal to disc-shaped for R. Thermodynamic calculations of phase equilibria largely agreed with observations above 750 °C when considering nitrogen loss. Formation of intermetallic phases and 475 °C-embrittlement resulted in increased hardness. A schematic diagram, correlating information about phase contents, morphologies and hardness, as a function of exposure temperature, is introduced for evaluation of functionality of microstructures.
We have recently documented that trisomy 21 mosaicism is common in human foetal ovaries. On the basis of this observation we propose that the maternal age effect in Down syndrome (DS) is caused by the differential behaviour of trisomy 21 in relation to disomy 21 oocytes during development from foetal life until ovulation in adulthood. in particular, we suggest that trisomy 21 oocytes, lagging behind those that are disomic, may escape the timed pruning of the seven million in foetal life to the 300-400 finally selected for ovulation. The net effect of this preferential elimination will be an accumulation of trisomy 21 oocytes in the ovarian reserve of older women. We here highlight the implications of this Oocyte Mosaicism Selection (OMS) model with respect to the prevalent view that the maternal age effect is complex, dependent on many different biological and environmental factors. We examine conclusions drawn from recent large-scale studies in families, tracing DNA markers along the length of chromosome 21q between parents and DS children, in comparison to the OMS model. We conclude that these family linkage data are equally compatible with the maternal age effect originating from the accumulation of trisomy 21 oocytes with advancing maternal age. One relatively straightforward way to get to grips with what is actually going on in this regard would be to compare incidence of trisomy 21 oocytes (and their pairing configurations) in foetal ovaries with that in oocytes at the meiosis I stage from adult women.
This thesis presents the development of integrated silicon photonic devices. These devices are compatible with the present and near future CMOS technology. High-khorizontal grating couplers and waveguides are proposed. This work consists of simulations and device design, as well as the layout for the fabrication process, device fabrication, process development, characterization instrument development and electro-optical characterizations.
The work demonstrates an alternative solution to costly silicon-on-insulator photonics. The proposed solution uses bulk silicon wafers and thin film deposited waveguides. Back-end deposited horizontal slot grating couplers and waveguides are realized by multi-layers of amorphous silicon and high-k materials.
The achievements of this work include: A theoretical study of fully etched slot grating couplers with Al2O3, HfO2 and AIN, an optical study of the high-k films with spectroscopic ellipsometry, an experimental demonstration of fully etched SiO2 single slot grating couplers and double slot Al2O3 grating couplers, a practical demonstration of horizontal double slot high-k waveguides, partially etched Al2O3 single slot grating couplers, a study of a scheme for integration of the double slot Al2O3 waveguides with selectively grown germanium PIN photodetectors, realization of test chips for the integrated germanium photodetectors, and study of integration with graphene photodetectors through embedding the graphene into a high-k slot layer.
From an application point of view, these high-k slot waveguides add more functionality to the current silicon photonics. The presented devices can be used for low cost photonics applications. Also alternative optical materials can be used in the context of this photonics platform.
With the robust design, the grating couplers result in improved yield and a more cost effective solution is realized for integration of the waveguides with the germanium and graphene photodetectors.
We calculate the Josephson current density j (phi) for a Weyl superconductor-normal-metal-superconductor junction for which the outer terminals are superconducting Weylmetals and the normal layer is a Weyl (semi) metal. We describe the Weyl (semi) metal using a simple model with two Weyl points. The model has broken time-reversal symmetry, but inversion symmetry is present. We calculate the Josephson current for both zero and finite temperature for the two pairing mechanisms inside the superconductors that have been proposed in the literature, zero-momentum BCS-like pairing and finite-momentum FFLO-like pairing, and assuming the short-junction limit. For both pairing types we find that the current is proportional to the normal-state junction conductivity, with a proportionality coefficient that shows quantitative differences between the two pairing mechanisms. The current for the BCS-like pairing is found to be independent of the chemical potential, whereas the current for the FFLO-like pairing is not.
There is agreement in research about the need to find better ways of teaching chemistry to enhance students' understanding. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of how we better support teaching and learning of undergraduate chemistry to make it meaningful and intelligible for students from the outset. The thesis is concerned with examining the interactions between student, specific content and teacher in the undergraduate chemistry classroom; that is, the processes making up the three relations of the didactic triangle. The data consists of observations of students and tutors during problem-solving activities in an introductory chemistry course and interviews with graduate students.
Systematic analyses of the different interactions between the student, the chemistry content, and the tutor are made using the analytical tool of practical epistemology analysis. The main findings of the thesis include detailed insights into how undergraduate chemistry students deal with newly encountered content together with didactic models and concrete suggestions for improved teaching and for supporting continuity and progression in the undergraduate chemistry classroom. Specifically, I show how students deal with the chemistry content through a complex interaction of knowledge, experiences, and purposes on different levels invoked by both students and tutors as they interact with each other. Whether these interactions have a positive or negative effect on students' learning depends on the nature of knowledge, experiences and purposes that were invoked. Moreover, the tutor sometimes invoked other purposes than the ones related to the task at hand for connecting the activity to the subject matter in general. These purposes were not always made continuous with the activity which resulting in confusion among students. The results from these analyses were used for producing hypotheses and models that could support continuity and progression during the activity. The suggested models aim to make the content more manageable and meaningful to students, enabling connections to other experiences and purposes, and helping teachers and tutors to analyze and reflect on their teaching. Moreover, a purpose- and activity-based progression is suggested that gives attention to purposes in chemistry education other than providing explanations of chemical phenomena. The aim of this 'progression in action' is to engage students in activities were they can see the meaning of chemical concepts and ideas through their use to accomplish different chemical tasks. A general conclusion is that detailed knowledge about the processes of teaching and learning is important for providing adequate support to both undergraduate students and university teachers in the chemistry classroom.
In this paper, we discuss the well-known teaching challenge of how to provide undergraduate students with basic chemistry knowledge without making them experience these basics as meaningless and unintelligible. First, we situate the challenge in a classic dilemma: should we teach the necessary basic facts before the chemical explanations or should the explanations be taught before or in parallel to these facts? Here we draw on examples from interviews with graduate students reflecting on their experiences regarding their studies at the undergraduate level. Second, we suggest a way out of the dilemma, through a shift in perspective from the typical progression of facts and explanations towards a purpose and activity-based progression. We conclude with a discussion of implications of such a shift for university chemistry education together with suggestions for future research.
Anthropomorphisms are widespread at all levels of the educational system even among science experts. This has led to a shift in how anthropomorphisms are viewed in science education, from a discussion of whether they should be allowed or avoided towards an interest in their role in supporting students' understanding of science. In this study we examine the role of anthropomorphisms in supporting students' understanding of chemistry. We analyze examples from undergraduate students' discussions during problem-solving classes through the use of practical epistemology analysis (PEA). Findings suggest that students invoked anthropomorphisms alongside technical relations which together produced more or less chemically appropriate explanations. Also, anthropomorphisms constitute potentially productive points of departure for rendering students' explanations more chemically appropriate. The implications of this study refer to the need to deal with anthropomorphisms explicitly and repeatedly as well as to encourage explicit connections between different parts of the explanation - teleological as well as causal.
In this study, we explore the issues and challenges involved in supporting students' learning to discern relevant and critical aspects of determining oxidation states of atoms in complex molecules. We present a detailed case of an interaction between three students and a tutor during a problem-solving class, using the analytical tool of practical epistemology analysis (PEA). The results show that the ability to make relevant distinctions between the different parts of a molecule for solving the problem, even with the guidance of the tutor, seemed to be challenging for students. These shifts were connected to both purposes that were specific for solving the problem at hand, and additional purposes for general learning of the subject matter, in this case how to assign oxidation states in molecules. The students sometimes could not follow the additional purposes introduced by the tutor, which made the related distinctions more confusing. Our results indicate that in order to provide adequate support and guidance for students the tutor needs to consider how to sequence, move between, and productively connect the different purposes introduced in a tutor-student interaction. One way of doing that is by first pursuing the purposes for solving the problem and then successively introduce additional, more general purposes for developing students' learning of the subject matter studied. Further recommendations drawn from this study are discussed as well.
In view of the fact that most of the synthetic refrigerants, in case of leakage or release, are harmful to the environment by contributing in global warming or depleting stratospheric ozone layer, many research works have been done recently to find alternative refrigerants posing no or negligible threat to the environment. Among alternative refrigerants, ammonia, a natural refrigerant with zero Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), can be a sensible choice.Although ammonia has been used for many years in large industrial systems, its application in small units is rare. In this project a small heat pump with about 7 kW heating capacity at -5 °C and +40 °C evaporation and condensation temperatures is designed and built to work with ammonia as refrigerant. The heat pump is expected to produce enough heat to keep a single-family house warm in Sweden and to provide tap hot water for the house. After successful completion of this project, it is planned to install the heat pump in a house to test it throughout a heating season to study its performance in real working conditions.Since ammonia is flammable and toxic in high concentrations, the refrigerant charge is tried to be kept low in the heat pump to reduce the risk of fire or poisoning in case of unwanted release of refrigerant to the surroundings. The compact design of the heat pump helps reducing the refrigerant charge. Besides, considering the limited space normally reserved for installation of a heat pump in a house, the compact design of the heat pump is necessary.
Refrigeration plays a crucial role in many different sectors and consumes about 17% of the electricity produced globally. This significant energy consumption implies large share of refrigeration in primary energy consumption and other environmental impacts. In addition to the environmental impacts associated with energy consumption, the vapor-compression systems contribute in global warming due to the release of their gaseous refrigerants into the atmosphere. As an alternative technology for near room-temperature applications, magnetic refrigeration is proposed by some researchers to eliminate the release of gaseous refrigerants into the atmosphere and to reduce the energy consumption. This thesis is a compilation of a number of studies done on magnetic refrigeration for room-temperature applications.
In the first study, the environmental impacts associated to magnetic refrigeration are looked at closely through a life cycle assessment. The life cycle assessment indicates that because of the environmental burdens related to the rare-earth materials used in magnetic refrigeration, the reduction in the environmental impacts is not guaranteed by switching to magnetic refrigeration technology. Accordingly to avoid the extra environmental impacts the magnetic refrigeration systems should use magnetic materials frugally, which requires an optimized design. In addition, operation with higher efficiency compared to vapor-compression systems is necessary to have environmental advantages, at least in some impact categories.
A practical method to optimize the design of magnetic refrigeration systems, e.g. to have a compact design or high efficiency, is utilizing a flexible software model, with which the effect of varying different parameters on the performance of the system can be simulated. Such a software model of the magnetic refrigeration system is developed and validated in this project. In developing the model one goal is to add to the precision of the simulated results by taking more details into consideration. This goal is achieved by an innovative way of modeling the parasitic heat transfer and including the effect of the presence of magnetocaloric materials on the strength of the field created by the magnet assembly. In addition, some efforts are made to modify or correct the existing correlations to include the effect of binding agents used in some active magnetic regenerators. Validation of the developed software model is done using the experimental results obtained from the prototype existing at the Department of Energy Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology.
One of the parameters that can be modified by the developed software model is the choice of the magnetocaloric materials for each layer in a layered active magnetic regenerator. Utilizing the software model for optimizing the choice of the materials for the layers reveals that materials with critical temperatures equal to the cyclic average temperature of the layers in which they are used do not necessarily result in the desired optimum performance. In addition, for maximizing different outputs of the models, such as energy efficiency or temperature lift sustained at the two ends of the regenerators, different choice of materials for the layers are needed. Therefore, in other studies seeking to improve one of the outputs of a system, the choice of the transition or critical temperatures of the materials for each layer is an additional parameter to be optimized.
The prototype existing at the Department of Energy Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, was initially designed for replacing the vapor-compression system of a professional refrigerator. However, it could not fulfil the requirements for which it was initially designed. The aforementioned developed simulation model is used to see how much the choice of the materials, size of the particles, and number of layers can enhance the performance while the operation frequency and flow rate of the heat transfer fluid are at their optimum values. In other words, in that study the room for improvement in the performance without applying major changes in the system such as the geometry of the regenerator, which implies redesigning the whole magnet assembly, is investigated. In the redesign process the effect of binding agent and the limitations associated to different properties of it is also investigated theoretically. Nevertheless, the study did not show that with keeping the geometry of the regenerators and the currently existing magnetocaloric materials the initial goals of the prototype can be achieved.
In the next study more flexible choice of geometries and magnetocaloric materials are considered. In fact, in this study it is investigated how much the magnetocaloric materials need to be improved so that magnetic refrigeration systems can compete with vapor-compression ones in terms of performance. For the two investigated cases, the magnetic-field dependent properties of the currently existing materials are enough provided that some other issues such as low mechanical stability and inhomogeneity of the properties are solved. Nevertheless, for more demanding design criteria, such as delivering large cooling capacity over a considerable temperature span while the magnetic materials are used sparingly, the magnetic-field dependent properties need to be enhanced, as well.
A less explored area in room-temperature magnetic refrigeration is the subject of another study included in the thesis. In this study, solid-state magnetic refrigeration systems with Peltier elements as heat switches are modeled. Since the Peltier elements consume electricity to pump heat, the modeled systems can be considered hybrid magnetocaloric-Peltier cooling systems. For such systems the detailed transient behavior of the Peltier elements together with layers of magnetocaloric materials are modeled. The mathematical model is suitable for implementation in programing languages without the need for commercial modeling platforms. The parameters affecting the performance of the modeled system are numerous, and optimization of them requires a separate study. However, the preliminary attempts on optimizing the modeled system does not give promising results. Accordingly, focusing on passive heat switches can be more beneficial.
Nowadays high speed and high data rate communication are highly demanded. Consequently, wideband and high frequency transmitter and receivers should be designed. New transmitters and receivers should also have low power consumption, simple design and low manufacturing price in order to fulfill manufacturers' requests for mass production. Having all above specifications, six-port correlator is a proper choice to be used as modulator and demodulator in transmitters and receivers.
In this thesis the six-port correlator is introduced, modeled and simulated using Advanced Design System (ADS) software. A simple six-port transmitter/receiver system with a line of sight link is modeled and analyzed in BER, path length and noise terms. The modulation in this system is QAM, frequency is 7.5 GHz and symbol rate is 500 Msymbol/s.
Furthermore two methods are proposed for high frequency and high symbol rate M-PSK and M-QAM modulation using six-port correlator. The 7.5 GHz modulators are modeled and simulated in ADS. Data streams generated by pseudo random bit generator with 1 GHz bandwidth are applied to modulators. Common source field effect transistors (FETs) with zero bias are used as controllable impedance termination to apply baseband data to modulator. Both modulators show good performance in M-PSK and M-QAM modulation.
The giant proteins from the titin family, that form cytoskeletal filaments, have emerged as key mechanotransducers in the sarcomere. These proteins contain a conserved kinase region, which is auto-inhibited by a C-terminal tail domain. The inhibitory tail domain occludes the active sites of the kinases, thus preventing ATP from binding. It was proposed that through application of a force, such as that arising during muscle contraction, the inhibitory tail becomes detached, lifting inhibition. The force-sensing ability of titin kinase was demonstrated in AFM experiments and simulations [Puchner, et al., 2008, PNAS:105, 13385], which showed indeed that mechanical forces can remove the autoinhibitory tail of titin kinase. We report here steered molecular dynamics simulations (SMD) of the very recently resolved crystal structure of twitchin kinase, containing the kinase region and flanking fibronectin and immuniglobulin domains, that show a variant mechanism. Despite the significant structural and sequence similarity to titin kinase, the autoinhibitory tail of twitchin kinase remains in place upon stretching, while the N-terminal lobe of the kinase unfolds. The SMD simulations also show that the detachment and stretching of the linker between fibronectin and kinase regions, and the partial extension of the autoinhibitory tail, are the primary force-response. We postulate that this stretched state, where all structural elements are still intact, may represent the physiologically active state.
This study focused on the structuralanalysis of BIM models. Different commercial software (Autodesk products and Rhinoceros)are presented through modelling and analysis of different structures with varying complexity,section properties, geometry, and material. Beside the commercial software, differentarchitectural and different tools for structural analysis are evaluated (dynamo, grasshopper,add-on tool, direct link, indirect link via IFC).
A series of laboratory scale studies has been conducted to assess the thermal response of common rock types in Fennoscandinavia. The main objective of this experiment was to investigate experimentally the effect of initial compressive stress on thermal spalling and determine the mechanism causing thermal damage (spalling and fracturing) in rock observed in laboratory experiments. Seven tests were carried out including oven-dried and water-stored rock blocks, with and without applying bi-axial stress on three rock types, granite, gabbro and schist.
Water jet cutting is generally considered to be a versatile processing technique with a variety of applications. Pure water jet cutting makes it possible to cut through soft materials like rubber, while an added abrasive allows cutting of including steel and ceramics. The cut leaves neither any residual stress nor heat stress in the material. In addition, the surface finish is often of high enough quality, making post treatment unnecessary. The process does not yield in any dangerous gases and is relatively environmentally friendly. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the water jet technology, its current, as well as new application areas. The goal was also to compare the technique with alternative processing methods in order to clarify the advantages and disadvantages between them. This was done in order to investigate which technologies are most appropriate to use depending on properties such as material, material thickness and size of the produced series. This paper has been written together from Sweden and France and a choice was hence made to investigate if the uses of water jet cutting differ between the two countries. To meet the objective, three questions were used to investigate how to expand the application areas of water jet cutting, what advantages and disadvantages there are between water jet cutting and other processing methods and how the scope of its applications differs between France and Sweden. The main sources of information for the work have been interviews with manufacturing companies that use water jet cutting, suppliers of water jet cutting machines and research institutes. Research articles have been used in order to extend the range of gathered information. Among primary sources for this report were websites of companies in the processing industry. This thesis shows that water jet technology is applicable in many industries and application areas that differ between France and Sweden, in France, used water jets are mainly used in the food industry, while it is more widespread in the engineering industry in Sweden. Companies in the Swedish market are skeptical about the use of water jet cutters exceeding 400 MPa, although it suggests many advantages. The main limitation of the water jet cutting procedure is the thickness of the material. Cutting steel beyond 30 mm in thickness, can result in a stream lag by delaying the water jet and thereby induce non‐precise cutting. This problem may be solved by changing the cutting parameters such as cutting speed or by inclining the cutting nozzle. Following an evaluation of plasma, laser and water jet cutters, none of the methods is directly competing with one another, since each single cutting technique is best suited for their intended use. The techniques complement each other rather than competing with one another.
The human tympanic membrane (TM) has a thin outer epidermal layer which plays an important role in TM homeostasis and ear health. The specialised cells of the TM epidermis have a different physiology compared to normal skin epidermal keratinocytes, displaying a dynamic and constitutive migration that maintains a clear TM surface and assists in regeneration. Here, we characterise and compare molecular phenotypes in keratinocyte cultures from TM and normal skin. TM keratinocytes were isolated by enzymatic digestion and cultured in vitro. We compared global mRNA and microRNA expression of the cultured cells with that of human epidermal keratinocyte cultures. Genes with either relatively higher or lower expression were analysed further using the biostatistical tools g:Profiler and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Approximately 500 genes were found differentially expressed. Gene ontology enrichment and Ingenuity analyses identified cellular migration and closely related biological processes to be the most significant functions of the genes highly expressed in the TM keratinocytes. The genes of low expression showed a marked difference in homeobox (HOX) genes of clusters A and C, giving the TM keratinocytes a strikingly low HOX gene expression profile. An in vitro scratch wound assay showed a more individualised cell movement in cells from the tympanic membrane than normal epidermal keratinocytes. We identified 10 microRNAs with differential expression, several of which can also be linked to regulation of cell migration and expression of HOX genes. Our data provides clues to understanding the specific physiological properties of TM keratinocytes, including candidate genes for constitutive migration, and may thus help focus further research.
Ett påtagligt samhällsproblem idag är den rådande brist på legitimerade sjuksköterskor som arbetar inom den svenska sjukvården. I takt med att befolkningen ökar och medelåldern blir allt högre blir vikten av att bibehålla verksamma legitimerade sjuksköterskor allt mer påtaglig. Att komma ut i verksamheten som nyutbildad sjuksköterska kan upplevas som en stor utmaning och första tiden i yrket kan ses som en intensiv och krävande process. För att underlätta transitionen från student till yrkesverksam sjuksköterska har ett introduktionsprogram utformats i syfte att vägleda och stödja de nyblivna sjuksköterskorna.
Författarnas syfte med studien är att beskriva nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskors upplevelser av ett kliniskt introduktionsår. Examensarbetet grundar sig i en litteraturstudie som utgår från Fribergs analysprocess där tio artiklar granskas och analyseras. Analysen resulterar i fyra identifierade huvudteman med tillhörande tretton subteman som tillsammans sammanfattar upplevelser av kliniskt introduktionsår som nyutexaminerad sjuksköterska. Identifierade huvudteman i arbetet är: "Möjligheten till att få växa personligt och professionellt", "Att vara i rum för reflektion", "Att existera i en kravfylld tillvaro" samt "Vikten av att ha kollegialt stöd inom räckhåll". Resultatet påvisar flera fördelar med deltagandet i kliniskt introduktionsprogram men även vissa brister identifieras. Resultatet påvisar att upplevelser av krav under övergångsprocessen är återkommande hos de flesta nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskorna som genomgår kliniskt introduktionsår. För att underlätta övergångsprocessen är faktorer så som en stödjande miljö, tillhörighet i personalgruppen och reflektion som verktyg viktiga komponenter. Författarna anser att vidare fördjupning kring upplevelser av ett introduktionsprogram och hur detta introduktionsprogram erfars ur ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv är av stor vikt i syfte att möta sjuksköterskans behov under det första yrkesverksamma året.
The need for acidic activation in the stoichiometric hydrogenation of benzyl-[1-phenyl-ethylidene]-amine (6a) or [1-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylidene]-methyl-amine (6b) by Noyori's catalyst [p-(Me2CH)C6H4Me]RuH(NH2CHPhCHPhNSO2C6H4-p-CH3) (2) is inconsistent with the proposed concerted mechanism and supports an ionic mechanism. [on SciFinder(R)]
Aim To translate "The Collaboration and Satisfaction About Care Decisions in Team" questionnaire (CSACD-T) into Norwegian and test it for psychometric properties. The further aim was to describe and compare healthcare personnel's collaboration and satisfaction about team decision-making (TDM) across hospital units. Design A cross-sectional study. Methods The questionnaire was translated into Norwegian. A total of 247 healthcare personnel at two hospitals responded to the questionnaire. An explorative factor analysis was performed to test the factor structure of the questionnaire, while a Cronbach's alpha analysis was used to test for internal consistency. A one-way ANOVA analysis and a Kruskal-Wallis test were applied to test for differences between hospital units. Results The results demonstrate that the Norwegian version of the CSACD-T has promising psychometric properties regarding construct validity and internal consistency. The mean score of the CSACD-T was significantly higher in the maternity ward group than in the emergency room group.
Tony Atkinson is universally celebrated for his outstanding contributions to the measurement and analysis of inequality, but he never saw the study of inequality as a separate branch of economics. He was an economist in the classical sense, rejecting any sub-field labelling of his interests and expertise, and he made contributions right across economics. His death on 1 January 2017 deprived the world of both an intellectual giant and a deeply committed public servant in the broadest sense of the term. This collective tribute highlights the range, depth and importance of Tony's enormous legacy, the product of almost fifty years' work.


text:
by William B. Brown Principal, Minneapolis Office
Presented before the Midwestern States Association of Tax Administrators, Rapid City, South Dakota-October 1972
At the present time, forty-five states levy some form of sales tax on consumer goods. The main reason for the popularity of the tax is that it is a comparatively painless method of raising revenue. However, the variety of philosophies adopted in making such levies is as great as the jurisdictional authorities legislating such taxes.
The most commonly heard objection to the sales tax as a vehicle for raising revenue is the regressivity of the tax. Another objection is that it hits hardest on low income taxpayers (this is not necessarily the same as being regressive). Several methods have been devised to overcome these objections and some methods achieve this goal. In fact, with certain modifications such a levy can become progressive or at least proportional.
This paper will focus on comparing two of these modifications which have been gaining in popularity as a means of reducing regressivity.
Possibly, before getting into that comparison, a standard should be set for determining what is meant by a "regressive" tax. A sales tax is considered to be regressive if the effective tax rate (i.e., the ratio of taxes paid to income) decreases as income increases. If the effective tax rate remains the same for all income brackets, it is proportional, and if the rate increases as income increases, the tax is progressive. In other words, if the tax takes a greater percentage from small incomes than from large incomes of taxpayers, it is regressive.
One of the basic theoretical concepts in U . S. taxation is the requirement that taxes be equitable. Equity in taxation requires that persons with the same ability to pay should pay equal amounts of taxes and those with greater ability should pay more taxes than those who are less able to pay. Therefore, if we take the foregoing to be true and assume that a regressive tax is undesirable, the next step in accomplishing the "fairest" tax system would be to consider alternatives that would eliminate regressivity. Which brings us back to the main topic for discussion—consideration of two of these alternatives: Exemptions from taxation and sales tax credits.


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Good news for the Romney camp. Romney takes Michigan
Good news for the Romney camp. Romney takes Michigan
Tyler Savery
Satellite Standard Founder
You know Tyler what I don't get at all is the hypocrisy of the Republicans that support Romney . With his ever changing stances on abortion , gun control and a host of other things if there was a D behind his name they would label him a bigger flip flopper than John Kerry . But because he has an R behind his name he is allowed to change his mind ?
I call it pandering , plain and simple .
Last edited by JasonL; 02-06-2008 at 09:39 PM.
Jason ,
I agree with a lot of what you say but there is nothing to support the supposition that Romney will bring change . I am so tired of these stupid wedge issues dominating elections instead of what is important . But Romney has embraced every botched policy decision that Bush has screwed up . Instead of making us the bastion of freedom again he not only supports torture but wants to double the size of Guantanamo. A vote for Romney is a vote for more of the same by a much smarter guy .
That last part is what makes him REALLY dangerous !!!
Look at the damage Bush has done . Can you imagine the damage that would have been possible if he had half a brain ??? LMAO !!!
The only person on either ticket that I think has an outside chance of bringing about real change is Obama the rest of the candidates are all more of the same with a very small twist here or there IMHO .
Eduardo S Fernandez
Last edited by JasonL; 02-06-2008 at 09:27 PM.
Last edited by JasonL; 02-06-2008 at 09:27 PM.
Last edited by JasonL; 02-06-2008 at 09:27 PM.
Jason ,
The angry conservative . Why am I not surprised . I try to engage you in civil conversation and I get a personal attack and an attack on democrats and liberals . Funny because I am a registered Independent . Do you even realize why the cry for CHANGE is so prevalent in the US today it is because your conservative party that controlled congress for over a decade and the executive branch simultaneously for six of those years screwed things up so bad that now everyone with half a brain is looking for CHANGE !!!
I asked you one simple question what has Romney done or said that makes you think would bring change ? And this enraged you so much that you had to attack me personally ? You are quite the class act sir .
Good luck to you I will not bother to address you again ,
Eduardo S Fernandez
Last edited by eduardo; 02-08-2008 at 02:23 AM.
You are correct, I was a little out of line...
I recalled my messages, cause theres no reason to post anger, that just feeds the hate.
Im really not that angry or that extreme right....
I do agree with CIA techniques to help save Americans, our cultures, and our way of life, whatever it takes, but no need to get all nasty about it. I do not believe conservatives are completely the problem in Washington, its all partys and too many days offs and vacations, things dont get done, or thought through enough. I do agree Bush's foreign policy has made much more of a mess than it was before he was in office.
I do like Romney, I do like to hear Obama speak of change, and my family was comfortable living under the clinton administered economy for 8 years, so really, when its all said and done, I will support the one that fits me best. I have never liked it myself when people press political views on me, so I will not do it as well. sorry if I offended you or anyone.
Last edited by JasonL; 02-06-2008 at 09:46 PM.
I missed a lot of the exchange, and see that Jason recalled some posts. Whetever happened, I respect that the discussion sought a level of mutual respect.
I like the man. I have met him several times and repspect whta he has done in the past.
I feel that this nation needs a strong business leader that understands that this day and age is more of a global age where an global economy is taking shape.
In my humble opinion, Romney has something to offer that this country could use. The political barbs happening in the campaigns is unfortunate, but it is and always has been part of the process.
Tyler Savery
Satellite Standard Founder


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Difference between revisions of "Kernels (简体中文)"
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:Linux Kernel built with Con Kolivas' ck1 patchset.
:Linux Kernel built with Con Kolivas' ck1 patchset.
:Additional options which can be toggled on/off in the [[PKGBUILD]] include: BFQ scheduler, nconfig, localmodconfig and use running kernel's config.
:Additional options which can be toggled on/off in the [[PKGBUILD]] include: BFQ scheduler, nconfig, localmodconfigand use running kernel's config.
:These are patches designed to improve system responsiveness with specific emphasis on the desktop, but suitable to any workload. The ck patches include BFS.
:These are patches designed to improve system responsiveness with specific emphasis on the desktop, but suitable to any workload. The ck patches include BFS.
:For further information and installation instructions, please read the [[linux-ck]] main article.
:For further information and installation instructions, please read the [[linux-ck]] main article.
:The Linux Kernel and modules with fbcondecor support.
:The Linux Kernel and modules with fbcondecor support.
Revision as of 00:22, 8 May 2012
Template:Article summary start Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary end
来自 Wikipedia:
- 内核是大多数计算机操作系统的主要组件。它是沟通应用程序和硬件层实际数据处理的桥梁。内核的任务包括管理系统的资源(软硬件之间的通信)。
There are various alternative kernels available for Arch Linux in addition to the mainline Linux kernel. This article lists some of the options available in the repositories with a brief description of each. There is also a description of patches that can be applied to the system's kernel. The article ends with an overview of custom kernel compilation with links to various methods.
- linux
- The Linux kernel and modules from the [core] repository. Vanilla kernel with three patches applied (as of 3.1.3-1).
- linux-lts
- Long term support (LTS) Linux kernel and modules from the [core] repository.
- linux-bfsAUR
- Linux kernel and modules with the Brain Fuck Scheduler (BFS) - created by Con Kolivas for desktop computers with fewer than 4096 cores, with BFQ I/O scheduler as optional.
- linux-ckAUR
- Linux Kernel built with Con Kolivas' ck1 patchset.
- Additional options which can be toggled on/off in the PKGBUILD include: BFQ scheduler, nconfig, localmodconfig, uksm and use running kernel's config.
- These are patches designed to improve system responsiveness with specific emphasis on the desktop, but suitable to any workload. The ck patches include BFS.
- For further information and installation instructions, please read the linux-ck main article.
- linux-fbcondecorAUR
- The Linux Kernel and modules with fbcondecor support.fbcondecor=Framebuffer Console Decorations. It is a kernel patch that adds eye-candy by making it possible to display pictures in the background of system consoles. In order for the patch to work properly, a userspace helper application called fbcondecor_helper has to be installed. This application is currently provided as a part of fbsplash.
- linux-grsecAUR
- The Linux Kernel and modules with grsecurity and PaX patches for increased security.
- linux-iceAUR
- The Linux Kernel and modules with gentoo-sources patchset and TuxOnIce support.
- linux-lqxAUR
- Liquorix is a distro kernel replacement built using the best configuration and kernel sources for desktop, multimedia, and gaming workloads, often used as a Debian Linux performance replacement kernel. damentz, the maintainer of the Liquorix patchset, is a developer for the Zen patchset as well, so many of the improvements there are found in this patchset.
- linux-paxAUR
- The Linux Kernel and modules with PaX patches for increased security.
- linux-pfAUR
- Linux kernel and modules with the pf-kernel patchset [-ck patchset (BFS included), TuxOnIce, BFQ], aufs2 and squashfs-lzma.
- linux-vanillaAUR
- The Linux vanilla kernel and modules without Arch Linux patches.
- linux-aircrackAUR
- Linux kernel and kernel headers - patched for the aircrack-ng suite to work properly.
- zen-kernelAUR
- The Zen Kernel is a the result of a collaborative effort of kernel hackers to provide the best Linux kernel possible for every day systems.
- kernel-netbookAUR
- Static kernel for netbooks with Intel Atom N270/N280/N450/N550 such as the Eee PC with the add-on of external firmware (broadcom-wlAUR) and patchset (BFS + TuxOnIce + BFQ optional) - Only Intel GPU
There are lots of reasons to patch your kernel, the major ones are for performance or support for non-mainline features such as reiser4 file system support. Other reasons might include fun and to see how it is done and what the improvements are.
However, it is important to note that the best way to increase the speed of your system is to first tailor your kernel to your system, especially the architecture and processor type. For this reason using pre-packaged versions of custom kernels with generic architecture settings is not recommended or really worth it. A further benefit is that you can reduce the size of your kernel (and therefore build time) by not including support for things you do not have or use. For example, I always start with the stock kernel config when a new kernel version is released and I remove support for things like bluetooth, video4linux, 1000Mbit ethernet, etc. Stuff I know I won't use before I build my next kernel! However, this page is not about customizing your kernel config but I would recommend that as a first step to be combined with a patchset later.
The installation process of custom kernel packages relies on the Arch Build System (AUR). If you haven't built any custom packages yet you may consult the following articles: Arch Build System and Creating Packages.
If you haven't actually patched or customized a kernel before it is not that hard and there are many PKGBUILDS on the forum for individual patchsets. However, I would advise you to start from scratch with a bit of research on the benefits of each patchset rather than jumping on the nearest bandwagon! This way you'll learn much more about what you are doing rather than just choosing a kernel at startup and wondering what it actually does.
See #编译.
First of all it is important to note that patchsets are developed by a variety of people. Some of these people are actually involved in the production of the linux kernel and others are hobbyists, which may reflect its level of reliability and stability.
It is also worth noting that some patchsets are built on the back of other patchsets (which may or may not be reflected in the title of the patch). Patchsets (and kernel updates) can be released very frequently and often it is not worth keeping up with ALL of them so do not go crazy, unless you make it your hobby!
You can search google for more sets - remember to use quotes
"-nitro" for example otherwise google will deliberately NOT show the results you want!
These are patches designed to improve system responsiveness with specific emphasis on the desktop, but suitable to any workload. The patches are created and maintained by Con Kolivas, his site is at http://users.on.net/~ckolivas/kernel/. Con maintains a full set but also provides the patches broken down so you can add only those you prefer.
The -ck patches can be found at http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/ck/patches/2.6/
This patchset is maintained by a small group of core developers, led by Ingo Molnar. This patch allows nearly all of the kernel to be preempted, with the exception of a few very small regions of code ("raw_spinlock critical regions"). This is done by replacing most kernel spinlocks with mutexes that support priority inheritance, as well as moving all interrupt and software interrupts to kernel threads.
It further incorporates high resolution timers - a patch set, which is independently maintained.
[as said from the Real-Time Linux Wiki]
patch at http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/rt/
Grsecurity is a security focused patchset. It adds numerous security related features such as Role-Based Access Control and utilizes features of the PaX project. It can be used on a desktop but a public server would receive the greatest benefit. Some applications are incompatible with the additional security measures implemented by this patchset. If this occurs, consider using a lower security level.
The -grsecurity patches can be found at http://grsecurity.net
The goal of Linux Tiny is to reduce its memory and disk footprint, as well as to add features to aid working on small systems. Target users are developers of embedded system and users of small or legacy machines such as 386s.
Patch releases against the mainstream Linux kernel have been discontinued. The developers chose to focus on a few patches and spend their time trying to get them merged into the mainline kernel.
Individual patches
These are patches which can be simply included in any build of a vanilla kernel or incorporated (probably with some major tweaking) into another patchset. I have included some common ones for starters.
Gensplash - http://dev.gentoo.org/~spock/projects/
Arch Linux 提供了多种内核构建方式。
使用 Arch 构建系统(ABS)(推荐)
推荐使用 Arch 构建系统,这样可以充分利用已有的 linux PKGBUILD 以及包管理系统。PKGBUILD 已经是结构化的,你可以在下载源代码之后配置内核。
参见 编译内核/Arch 构建系统.
另外,也可以不使用 Arch 构建系统 编译内核(传统方式)。这个方法需要手动下载内核源代码包,然后在自己的主目录里以普通用户的权限编译。一旦完成配置之后,有两种编译(安装)方式:传统的安装和适用makepkg/pacman 的安装。
参见 传统方式 .
可以使用一个脚本来自动化传统的非 Arch 构建系统 的编译方式。参见 编译内核/脚本.
参见 定制内核 查看详细关于在自定义内核中使用 Nvidia 闭源驱动的方法。
- O'Reilly - Linux Kernel in a Nutshell (自由开源的电子书,包含内核配置、安装和其他的东西)


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Fourteenth Hole - Town and Country Golf Course
Fourteenth Hole - Town and Country Golf Course
Add To Cart
Here in Maureen's web store, you will find an assortment of Original Paintings, Lithographic Prints, and Sublimated Steel reproductions and all of it is available for sale. Every product can be shipped anywhere within the contiguous United States. All Original Paintings and all Sublimated Steel items will be packed carefully and ready to hang. All Prints will be shipped either rolled in a tube or pressed flat in cardboard to protect from damage during shipping. If you happen to be from outside the contiguous United States, please contact us directly to make payment and shipping arrangements.
There are eight sizes available for Sublimated Steel products. Each size is a certain shape.


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I couldn't disagree with Stephen Bush more. I have the Asus F8sp x1 and it's running windows and Ubuntu/Linux flawlessly. I downgraded from Vista to XP and installed the drivers available on the Asus website. Everything has been working great and super fast. The latest Ubuntu installed without a problem as well. Good notebook for the price.
Popular Guides
View more guides at Linux Wiki Guides


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Limit Break
Limit Break has everything you could possibly want in a guild! EVERY guild claims to have amazing players, be active and have active message boards but lets be real- Those things obviously can't be true for EVERY guild that claims them to be. Limit Break, however, is the real deal. Here are some verifiable facts toward the point-
-Our guild high scores and accomplishments are listed on our home page.
-We have maxed out on points EVERY SINGLE WEEK without missing a single time in the past 6 months AND we've always done so before the weekend has even started.
-We have over 15 very active subjects going on any given day on our message boards. Typically well over 50 new messages get posted in any given day, often more, and this is without any spam or counting threads. We have everything from games, to market threads, to strategy threads to chat about real life. We're social.
-We have players that excel in each game mode as well as market experts who have maximized their investments to make big money in this game- they can teach you how to do the same!
-In addition to being a level 23 guild at the time of this posting (level 24 before this weekend arrives) we're also a tight-knit, warm, welcoming community of friends. Everyone is a valuable contributor. Everyone receives respect. Everyone has a say.
So, JOIN US!
Our requirements are listed on our guild home page. Also, we love no-obligation visits! Join the team today!
wats_happenin Titan Casual Grind Thursday 22/11/2012, 02:58
I highly recommend Limit Break to anyone looking for a fun and active guild
They have a wide variety of message board topics...UR topics, games and just general threads about anything and everything Alot of active, good to talk to players...no abrasive or arrogant twats at all which is a HUGE plus
I have visited/joined alot of guilds in the past and I must say I was genuinely impressed
Cyber Colossus E X C A L I B U R Thursday 22/11/2012, 03:54
@wats: Limit Break is amazing. Glad you like it so far. It would be nice to see you here pemanently.
akeeyu Titan Limit Break Thursday 22/11/2012, 10:33
@cyber come home!!!!
Cyber Colossus E X C A L I B U R Friday 23/11/2012, 14:44
@Akeeyu: Soon. Great to see you win another event!
akeeyu Titan Limit Break Sunday 25/11/2012, 12:06
@cyber thanks man, its been to long snce i won one, and it had a nice payday too.
anyways we are still recruiting so apply today


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The Numbers Game rolls on Tuesday with the latest contestants being the center back duo of Jhon Kennedy Hurtado and Patrick Ianni, who were recently acquired from the Seattle Sounders in a trade that sent Jalil Anibaba the other way.
Let's start with the Hurtado. The 29-year-old center back will continue to don the same #34 he wore for five seasons in Cascadia. Asked why he's chosen a somewhat "off the beaten path" soccer number, Hurtado explained 34 was the number he was given when trialing with AC Milan in early 2009.
"The opportunity was a special one and it's stayed with me ever since," he told Chicago-Fire.com last week.
Though 34 isn't the most common soccer number, two Fire players have worn it before. Former Trinidad & Tobago international Osei Telesford was the club's #34 in 2007 while Austin Washington wore it from 2008-2009.
Meanwhile, Ianni has chosen to suit up wearing the #6 for the Fire this season. Interestingly, Ianni and Anibaba weren't just in part swapped for each other but they've also taken one another's number at their new club as the former Fire defender will suit up as Seattle's #4 this season.
Asked about the choice of #6, Ianni said, "I just wanted a lower, defender's number," but the only two digits that fit the criteria for the Fire were #2 and #6.
Althought the #2 is free for anyone to choose, Ianni says he took into account the legacy of assistant coach C.J. Brown's 13 years wearing #2 for the Men in Red and the fact that it's only been worn one other time for 27 minutes by another Fire player (Wells Thompson in 2012).
In the end, the choice was simple.
"I have a ton of respect for what C.J. did here wearing that number and what that means to Fire supporters. The six shirt suits me just fine."
QUESTION: Ianni becomes the ninth player in Fire history to wear #6 for the Men in Red. How many of the other eight can you name? (SCROLL BELOW FOR THE ANSWER).
ANSWER: Brian Bates (1998), Tom Soehn (1998-2000), Sergi Daniv (2001), Kelly Gray (2002-2005), Brandon Prideaux (2008-2009), Julio Martinez (2010), Peter Lowry (2010), Jalil Anibaba (2011-2013).


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Use the form on the right to contact us.
You can edit the text in this area, and change where the contact form on the right submits to, by entering edit mode using the modes on the bottom right.
9 Great Jones Street #1
New York, NY, 10012
United States


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File this under surprising but those on T-Mobile US have a little treat waiting for them in the Windows Phone Store: an ad-free version of Words with Friends.
Not only are they getting the game seemingly earlier than anyone else (it's available right now) this version has no ads within it unlike the version we recently played with on our Lumia 920.
Reviews so far have been favorable and seeing as it is free and has no bandwidth sucking ads, we have to give T-Mobile a nod here for giving their users this little treat. We have no word on whether other carriers will follow or when the general availability of Words With Friends will occur, but we're thinking it has to be very close.
You can pick up Words With Friends right now from any Windows Phone on T-Mobile's network by hitting the link here. Thanks, Geoffrey S., for the tip!