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An endoscopic surgical apparatus is provided for placing lateral lines of surgical fasteners into body tissue. The apparatus includes a frame portion, an elongated portion extending from the frame portion, and an articulating fastener applying assembly associated with a distal end of the elongated portion. The fastener applying assembly includes a base portion, a staple cartridge housing, and an anvil member which has a forming surface thereon against which surgical fasteners are driven as they are ejected from the cartridge housing. A first mechanism is provided for effectuating the rotation of the fastener applying assembly about an axis defined by the body portion, a second mechanism is provided for effectuating the articulation of the fastener applying assembly, and a third mechanism is provided for independently rotating the cartridge housing and anvil member relative to a longitudinal axis defined by the base position to increase the range of operability of the apparatus.
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This application is a continuation of copending application Ser. No. 10/668,941, filed Sep. 22, 2003, which is a continuation of copending application Ser. No. 09/852,457, filed May 9, 2001, which is a continuation of copending application Ser. No. 08/899,453, filed Jul. 23, 1997, which is a continuation of copending application Ser. No. 08/242,798, filed May 16, 1994, which is a divisional of copending application Ser. No. 08/024,533, filed Mar. 1, 1993, which is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 07/949,685, filed Sep. 23, 1992, which is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 07/915,425, filed Jul. 17, 1992, which is a continuation-in-part of co-pending application Ser. No. 07/781,012, filed Oct. 18, 1991. Each of these applications is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to surgical stapling apparatus, and more particularly, to surgical apparatus for performing sequential operations such as tissue clamping, staple forming and/or tissue cutting.
2. Description of Related Art
Surgical stapling apparatus are known wherein tissue is first grasped or clamped between opposing jaw structure and then fastened by means of fasteners. In some instruments a knife is provided to cut tissue which has been joined. The fasteners are typically in the form of surgical staples. However, two part polymeric type fasteners are also known.
Instruments for this purpose can comprise two elongated fingers which are respectively used to capture or clamp tissue. Typically, one of the fingers carries a disposable cartridge housing wherein a plurality of staples are arranged in at least two lateral rows while the other finger comprises an anvil for curling the staple legs into a hook-like configuration upon their being driven against the anvil. The stapling operation is effected by a pusher which travels longitudinally along the cartridge carrying finger, with the pusher acting upon the staples to place rows of staples in body tissue. A knife may be optionally positioned in such a manner so as to operate sequentially immediately behind the pusher, and laterally positioned between the staple rows to longitudinally cut and/or open the stapled tissue between the rows of staples. Such instruments are disclosed in Bobrov et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 3,079,606) and Green (U.S. Pat. No. 3,490,675). These instruments comprise apparatus for simultaneously making a longitudinal incision and applying a row of staples on both sides of the incision.
A later development disclosed in Green (U.S. Pat. No. 3,499,591) applies a double row of staples on each side of the incision. This is accomplished by a cartridge assembly wherein a cam member moves within a guide path between two sets of staggered staple carrying grooves. Staple drive members located within the grooves each have two staple pusher plates, and sloping surfaces disposed within the guide path so as to be contacted by the longitudinally moving cam and be driven along the groove to effect ejection of two staples.
The cartridge assemblies typically come in a plurality of sizes, each varying in both length and number of staples contained therein. Depending on the procedure to be performed, the surgeon must select the appropriate cartridge assembly. No provision is currently available to adjust the firing means of the instrument itself so that a wide variety of staple driving sequences may be accomplished using a single staple cartridge assembly.
The instruments described above were all designed to be used in surgical procedures wherein surgeons have direct manual access to the operation site. However, in endoscopic or laparoscopic procedures surgery is performed through a small incision or through narrow cannulae inserted through small entrance wounds in the skin. In order to address the specific needs of endoscopic and/or laparoscopic surgical procedures, an endoscopic surgical stapling apparatus such as that shown in Green et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,040,715) has been developed. This apparatus is well suited for such procedures and incorporates a distal end having an anvil and staple cartridge assembly and a manually operated handle assembly interconnected by an endoscopic portion which permits the instrument to be inserted into a cannula and be remotely operated by the surgeon.
An object of the present invention is to provide a surgical apparatus that provides a full range of remotely actuated movements to the distal working members of the apparatus to facilitate interaction with and manipulation of tissue.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The surgical instrument in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is a surgical stapling apparatus which is adapted for placing one or more longitudinal rows of staples. This apparatus may further include a knife for making an incision in body tissue between the rows of staples. The latter configuration may find particular use of adjoining two hollow organs or in removing an organ, such as the appendix, the gallbladder, etc.
In a preferred embodiment of the subject invention the endoscopic stapler comprises a frame portion, an elongated tubular body portion extending from the frame portion and adapted for receiving an articulating cartridge assembly. The articulating cartridge assembly includes a cartridge mounting portion removably maintained in a distal end portion of the tubular body portion and a cartridge housing portion which is pivotally connected to the cartridge mounting portion. A cable loop assembly is associated with the tubular body portion of the instrument for effectuating the articulation of the cartridge housing portion relative to the cartridge mounting portion of the cartridge assembly. The cable loop assembly includes a cable member, a pivot block member mounted for rotation in a distal end portion on the tubular body portion about an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis thereof, and a rotation control member operatively associated with the tubular body portion of the apparatus for manipulating the cable loop assembly. A cartridge element, which includes a plurality of surgical staples slidably mounted therein, and having a tissue engaging surface, is receivable within the cartridge housing portion of the cartridge assembly. An anvil member is also provided which has a staple forming surface formed thereon and which is mounted adjacent the cartridge housing portion of the cartridge assembly such that the anvil member is movable between an open position and a closed position wherein the staple forming surface is in close cooperative alignment with the tissue engaging surface of the cartridge element.
The apparatus further comprises means associated with the tubular body portion for moving the anvil member between the open and the closed positions, and means for ejecting the surgical staples from the cartridge element in such a manner so as to cause the staples to engage and form on the staple forming surface of the anvil member. The means for moving the anvil member comprises a linkage mechanism associated with the frame portion and extending into the tubular body portion to a cable mechanism. The cable mechanism includes a cable member mounted at a leading end thereof to the linkage mechanism and at a trailing end thereof to the cartridge housing portion of the cartridge assembly. The anvil member is operatively associated with the cable member intermediate the ends thereof. The means for ejecting the surgical fasteners comprises a plurality of pusher elements in abutment with the surgical fasteners, and at least one cam bar for actuating the pusher elements. The cam bar is mounted in an adapter which translates within the cartridge assembly. In one embodiment of the cartridge assembly, the cam bar is fixedly mounted in the adapter while in another embodiment the cam bar is freely movable within the adapter.
The articulating cartridge assembly of the subject invention is also provided with bearing means for guiding the translation of the cam bars as they traverse the cartridge assembly at such times when the cartridge housing portion of the cartridge assembly is articulated relative to the cartridge mounting portion thereof.
In another preferred embodiment of the surgical apparatus of the subject invention, the instrument includes a fastener applying assembly having a base portion and fastener applying means which include a staple cartridge housing and an anvil member. First means are provided for effectuating articulation of the fastener applying assembly between a first position generally in alignment with the longitudinal axis of the elongated body of the instrument and a second position angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of the elongated body. Second means are provided for effectuating rotation of the fastener applying assembly about the longitudinal axis defined by the elongated body relative to the frame portion. Third means are provided for effectuating independent rotation of the fastener applying means relative to the base portion of the fastener applying assembly to further increase the range of operability of the surgical apparatus of the subject invention.
The surgical apparatus of the subject invention may further comprise sealing means associated with the tubular body portion of the instrument for prohibiting the egress of insufflation gas therethrough during surgical procedures.
The surgical instrument may be constructed either as a reusable unit or as a single use, disposable unit or, alternatively may be formed with a reusable handle portion and replaceable body portions and/or staple carrying cartridges.
Further features of the invention, its nature, and various advantages will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described hereinbelow with reference to the drawings wherein:
It is generally accepted that endoscopic procedures are more common than laparoscopic procedures. Accordingly, the present invention shall be discussed in terms of endoscopic procedures and apparatus. However, use herein of terms such as "endoscopic", "endoscopically" and "endoscopic portion", among others, should not be construed to limit the present invention to a stapling and cutting apparatus for use only in conjunction with an endoscopic tube. On the contrary, it is believed that the present invention may find use in any procedure where access is limited to a small incision, including but not limited to laparoscopic procedures. Also, as used herein the terms "fasteners" and "staples" shall be treated equivalently. Unless otherwise stated, the term "cartridge assembly" shall include at least the cartridge itself and staples or fasteners and staple drive members disposed therein.
In the drawings and the description which follows, as is customary, the term "proximal" refers to the end which is closest to the operator while the term "distal" will refer to the end which is furthest from the operator.
Referring to
Turning now to
A pair of articulating links 78 interconnect an intermediate portion of handle member 62 to a pair of projections 80 formed on an upper surface of housing members 64 and 66 respectively. A handle return spring 82 extends between handle 62 and housing members 64 and 66 by means of a pair of spring anchor pins 84, one of which is disposed in handle 62 and the other extending between projections 80. Anchor pins 84 also serve to pivotally connect articulating links 78 to projections 80. This spring 82 assists in returning handle 62 from its closed position to its open position.
The proximal end of articulating handle 62 is preferably diagonally formed away from housing members 64 and 66 so as to enable the surgeon to more easily release the handle 62 from its closed position. This is done by placing the hand under the proximal end of handle 62 and lifting. A texturized or serrated portion 86 may be advantageously formed on an under surface of the proximal end of handle 62 to enhance the gripping thereof.
Pneumatic system 68 is wholly contained within housing members 64 and 66 and includes a container 88 of relatively low pressure gas longitudinally slidably mounted therein. The pressure of the gas in container 88 during operation of the stapler is typically less than about 200 p.s.i.g. and preferably in the range from about 80 p.s.i.g. to about 160 p.s.i.g. Any suitable non-toxic gas can be used including but not limited to halogenated hydrocarbons which are gaseous at room temperature, e.g., fluorinated hydrocarbons such as Freon 12 or chlorinated hydrocarbons such as Freon 152A. Container 88 dispenses the relatively low pressure gas through stem 90, valve 92, and gas tube 94 when the firing trigger 96 is depressed. Spring 97 is positioned between container 88 and valve 92 and functions to hold the container 88 in a position spaced from valve 92. Valve 92 is fixed within housing members 64 and 66 and is longitudinally adjustable by means of set screw 93 (see
Piston 104 is pneumatically scaled to cylinder 100 by an O-ring 106 molded of polyethylene or the like. Gas dispensed from container 88 is supplied to pneumatic actuator 98 via gas tube 94 which admits the gas to cylinder 100 through ferrule 102 behind piston 104 to drive piston 104 distally in the cylinder 100. The distal end of piston 104 is adapted to engage the firing mechanism of the surgical apparatus as will be described in greater detail below.
Referring to
A rocking lever 120 is pivotally mounted on a transverse slide pin 122 and is adapted for transverse movement relative to slide pin 122 between an engaged position prior to firing (see
Cam slide 124 is normally biased in its upper disengaged position by a cam slide spring 126 which is mounted in vertical groove 128 formed in the first housing member 64 (see
Turning to
As piston 104 moves distally, rocking lever 120 remains in its pivoted firing position by contact with the bottom surface of piston 104. A gap 138 is formed in the bottom surface of piston 104 adjacent the proximal end thereof which effectively allows rocking lever 120 to disengage from piston 104 and return to a position wherein container 88 is released from engagement with valve 92, thereby stopping the flow of gas into pneumatic cylinder 100.
A pair of return springs 140 and 142 disposed in elongated portion 54 drive piston 104 back to its initial prefired position. A camming surface 144 is formed in a distal end of gap 138 which causes rocking lever 120 to move out of engagement with piston 104 as it returns and rocking lever 120 moves to its original prefired position (see
Referring to
This embodiment of frame portion 52 further comprises a counter mechanism including a counter ratchet 160 attached to trigger rod 112, and a leaf spring 162 which is mounted in housing 66 so as to engage teeth formed on the bottom surface of counter ratchet 160. Numerical indicators are disposed in longitudinal spaced apart relationship on an outer surface of the counter ratchet 160 and correspond to the number of times apparatus 50 has been fired. An access plate 164 having a viewing window 166 therein is positioned in the outside surface of housing member 66 to facilitate observation of the counter mechanism.
In operation, each time the instrument is fired the leaf spring 162 engages a respective proximally located tooth of the counter ratchet 160, effectively sliding the counter ratchet 160 distally to align the next lower number in viewing window 166. The counter mechanism of this embodiment further includes a locking feature whereby the trigger button 96 is retained in the fired position when the leaf spring 162 engages the most proximal surface of the counter ratchet 160 and prevents the firing rod 112 from returning to its proximal unfired position.
This embodiment of frame portion 52 further includes an integral trigger button rotary safety mechanism comprising a rotary safety shaft 168 disposed within a roller 170. The rotary safety mechanism is rotatably positioned in trigger button 96 with the roller 170 extending out beyond the plane of the back surface of trigger button 96. Projections 172 are eccentrically formed on both sides of rotary safety shaft 168 and extend out beyond the plane of the side surfaces of the trigger button 96. A spring 174 functions to bias the rotary safety mechanism such that projections 172 are disposed in their distalmost orientation.
Referring now to
Turning to
As shown in
An extension sleeve 204 is disposed within cover tube 182 and is fixed on a proximal end thereof to clamp tube 70. A sealing member 206 is mounted adjacent clamp tube 70 for sealably isolating frame portion 52 of instrument 50 from elongated portion 54 thereof. Inner and outer return springs, 142 and 140 respectively, are contained within upper extension spacer 210 and lower extension spacer 212 which are, in turn, combined and fixed within the extension sleeve 204. Spring support washer 188 abuts the proximal ends of inner and outer return springs 142 and 140 and, when instrument 50 is fired, transmits the energy of the compressed springs 142 and 140 to the piston 104, returning it to its prefired position.
A support structure 214 is also disposed within extension spacers 210 and 212 adjacent the distal end thereof which functions to releasably receive cartridge assemblies in instrument 50. Support structure 214 is retained in place within combined extension spacers 210, 212 by a transverse support key 216. A clamp lockout structure is incorporated into support structure 214 and upper extension spacer 210. The clamp lockout structure comprises a leaf spring 220 having a diagonally downwardly extending projection 222 attached thereto. A slot 224 is formed through the top surface of support structure 214 and is adapted to engage and receive projection 222 whenever the support structure is not longitudinally aligned. This clamp lockout structure is designed and configured to prevent the instrument jaws from closing on tissue unless the cartridge and/or jaw elements are properly emplaced within the elongated portion 54 of apparatus 50.
Referring now to
The articulating cartridge assembly 58 of the subject invention comprises a forward housing portion 270 and a rearward housing portion 272. Forward housing 270 is defined by a channel structure of substantially rectangular cross-section having opposed side walls 274 and 276 and a bottom wall 278. This channel structure constitutes the cartridge receiving portion and is dimensioned to receive a cartridge 280. A longitudinal groove structure 282 is defined in cartridge 280 for receiving and guiding knife 240 therethrough. A plurality of stems 283 extend downwardly from the undersurface of cartridge 280 for engagement in a plurality of corresponding apertures 287 formed in the bottom wall 278 of forward housing 270. A plurality of pusher elements 284 are disposed in cartridge 280 in abutment with a plurality of corresponding staples 285. The staples 285 are advantageously arranged in six longitudinal rows with three rows positioned on either side of groove structure 282. See, U.S. Pat. No. 4,978,049 to Green, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In addition, two pairs of longitudinal slots are formed in the cartridge housing 280 and are adapted to receive a pair of dual cam bars 286 and 288 therein. Cam bars 286 and 288 each serve to drive three corresponding longitudinal rows of staples 285.
Cam bars 286 and 288 are each provided with a cam surface 290 in an upper distal end thereof and an overhanging ledge 292 with vertical surface 294 in a lower distal end. This overhanging ledge 292 is dimensioned to extend into the longitudinal slots formed in cartridge 280 to a point wherein the vertical surface 294 of overhanging ledge 292 drops down and abuts the forward edge 296 of the forward housing portion 270 cartridge assembly 58 when cam bars 286 and 288 move to their distal fired position. At their proximal ends, cam bars 286 and 288 are provided with hook structure 298 for releasably engaging a cam bar adapter 300.
Referring now to
Although cam bar adapter 300 is effective to maintain cam bars 286 and 288 and to transport the same through cartridge assembly 58, it may be desirable to provide a cam bar adapter which enables the proximal ends of cam bars 286 and 288 to move freely in a transverse direction while being effectively maintained in a desired longitudinal position. Free mounting of the cam bars provides several advantages over fixed mounting which advantages will be discussed in detail hereinbelow.
The advantages of freely mounting cam bars 286 and 288 are best explained with reference to
The cam bars are often made of stainless steel, however, it has been found that forming the cam bars from a shape memory alloy comprising, for example, a composition of nickel and titanium (such a composition is available from Raychem Corp., Menlo Park, Calif. under the trade name TINEL), rather than stainless steel, will reduce the amount of force required to drive cam bars 286 and 288 through a firing sequence.
Referring to
Referring again to
Referring again to
Rearward housing 272 is defined by a channel of U-shaped cross-section having opposed side walls 376 and 378 and a bottom wall 380. Locking slots 382 and 384 are formed in the opposed side walls 376 and 378 adjacent the proximal end thereof for engaging and retaining support structure 214 (see
Referring now to
The position of cable separator block 424 with respect to cylindrical pulley 248 can vary. For example, cable separator block 424 can be disposed proximal to pulley 248 as illustrated in
During operation of apparatus 50, reciprocating movement of the combined extension spacer 210, 212 in response to articulation of handle member 62 in frame portion 52, will cause corresponding translation of tube collar 400, thereby causing cable 404 to move in a longitudinal direction about annular pulley 410, and subsequently about cylindrical pulley 248 in a perpendicular direction. As the trailing end of cable 404 moves about pulley 248, it exerts a force thereupon which consequently causes anvil member 56 to move relative to the cartridge assembly 58.
Apparatus 50 further comprises a mechanism for effectuating the articulation of the forward housing 270 relative to the rearward housing 272 of cartridge assembly 58. The articulation mechanism includes, as stated previously, pivot block 422. As best seen in
As best seen in
In use, the elongated portion 54 of instrument 50 is inserted into the body, preferably through an endoscopic tube. It is further preferred that the endoscopic tube apparatus be capable of maintaining a sealed pneumoperitoneum, with the internal sealing member of the housing further maintaining this seal despite introduction of the instrument in accordance with the invention into the endoscopic tube. As a practical matter, the jaws of the instrument are closed for insertion into the endoscopic tube, either by pinching the anvil and cartridge prior to insertion or by closing the articulating handle to cam the jaws closed prior to insertion.
Referring to
The leading end of cable 404 is drawn in a distal direction as anchor ball 406 is maintained against partition wall 402. As the leading end of cable 404 is drawn distally, the intermediate section thereof which is turned about annular pulley 410 is drawn in a proximal direction. Consequently, the trailing end of cable 404 is urged in an upward direction, perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of elongated portion 54, as it turns about cylindrical pulley 248, thereby exerting a downward force upon pulley 248 and urging anvil member 56 to approximate toward the tissue engaging surface of cartridge assembly 58.
Where articulation is necessary or desired to orient the jaws prior to clamping, the forward housing 270 of cartridge assembly 58 may be articulated relative to the elongated portion 54 of apparatus 50 within a 90° sector of rotation, and in particular within a 45° sector of rotation on either side of the longitudinal axis of the elongated portion 54 of apparatus 50. Referring to
After closing the instrument jaws, the instrument is ready to be fired. When the surgeon is ready to emplace the staples and cut tissue, firing trigger 96 is depressed to actuate the pneumatic actuator 98 as discussed in detail above. Piston 104, attached to the proximal end of channel 192 is driven distally causing the camming surface of forked portion 194 to ride up and over projection 362 of the cam bar adapter 300 and drive the cam bar adapter in a distal direction. Thereupon, the cam bars 286 and 288 and knife 240 are driven longitudinally through the cartridge to sequentially drive and form staples.
As piston 104 contacts return springs 140, 142, pusher washers 186 are compressed on themselves and serve to store energy as the piston moves distally toward the cartridge assembly. This initial compression occurs in the range of between about 20 p.s.i. to about 150 p.s.i. and preferably within a range of about 30 p.s.i. to about 60 p.s.i. Near the end of the distal stroke of the piston 104, this stored energy is released to drive the cam bars 286 and 288 through the final distal limits of their travel within the longitudinal slots in the cartridge 250. At the distal extreme of the longitudinal stroke, the overhanging ledges 292 of cam bars 286 and 288 drop over the edge of the forward cartridge housing 270 thus abutting vertical surface thereof.
Referring to
The cam bar adapter 320 is held in place by crimps 296 while camming surfaces 198 and 200 of forked portion 194 causes the fork to ride up and disengage with projections 312 of the cam bar adapter 300. Channel member 192 continues to move in the proximal direction until it reaches its rest position. At this point, the entire cartridge assembly 58 is deactivated.
In the event that the surgeon should accidentally attempt to again fire the instrument without replacing the deactivated cartridge with a new unfired cartridge, the resulting distal longitudinal motion of the channel 192 moves abutting structure 202 into contact with rearward projection 290 effectively preventing further movement of forked portion 194 toward cam bar adapter 280.
After firing, articulating handle 62 is raised with the assistance of handle return spring 82 which action retracts collar tube 400. This retraction causes anvil 56 to move of engagement with cartridge assembly 58. Similarly, raising of articulating handle 62 causes cam slide 124 to move upward disengaging the pneumatic firing mechanism.
In order to replace the articulating cartridge assembly 58, the instrument is withdrawn from the patient. Thereafter, the cartridge assembly is removed from the elongated portion 54 of apparatus 50. To reinsert a new cartridge assembly, the proximal mounting portion 272 of cartridge assembly 58 is inserted into the distal end of elongated portion 54. The instrument is now ready for reinsertion and continued use.
Turning now to
Turning to
Linkage assembly 505 further comprises a pair of parallel coupler links 534 and 536 which operatively interconnect the proximal crank member 516 and distal crank member 522. Link 534 has a longitudinal span 538 with a transverse engaging slot 540 formed at a distal end thereof for engaging a pin 542 associated with distal crank 522, and a transverse engaging slot 544 is provided at the proximal end thereof for engaging another pin 546 associated with the proximal crank 516. Similarly, link 536 has a longitudinal span 548 with a transverse engaging slot 550 provided at the distal end thereof for engaging a pin 552 associated with the distal crank member 522, and a transverse slot 554 is formed at the proximal end thereof for engaging yet another pin 556 disposed on the proximal crank member 516. Of the two coupler links 534 and 536, link 534 defines a driver link, while link 536 defines a follower link. Moreover, driver link 536 is provided with a coupling 558, which depends from the undersurface thereof, intermediate span 538 for receiving and mounting the distal end of an elongated transmission rod 560. Transmission rod 560 extends through the elongated portion 54 of surgical apparatus 500 for transmitting reciprocal longitudinal motion to driver link 534 in response to manipulation of the axial barrel cam assembly 510. Transverse slots 540, 544, 550, and 554 permit coupler links 534 and 536 to remain parallel to a longitudinal axis of the linkage assembly 505 during transmission of the reciprocal longitudinal motion by rod 560.
Referring again to
A barrel cam 564 having a substantially hemi-cylindrical configuration is associated with manipulator sleeve 562 and is configured and dimensioned for rotational movement as sleeve 562 is manipulated in a longitudinal direction to drive transmission rod 560. Relative rotational movement of barrel cam 564 is facilitated by the interaction of a cam follower pin 566 extending radially inward from manipulator sleeve 562, and a cam slot 568 defined in barrel cam 564. Cam slot 568 has a three stage configuration including an upper step region 570, a central step region 572, and a lower step region 574. When articulating the cartridge assembly 58 of surgical apparatus 500 in a counter-clockwise direction, sleeve 562 is manipulated in a proximal direction, moving cam follower pin 566 from the central step region 572, wherein cartridge assembly 58 is in substantial longitudinal alignment with the elongated portion 54 of the instrument, to the upper step region 570 of cam slot 568, to axially rotate barrel cam 564.
To articulate cartridge assembly 58 in clockwise direction, sleeve 562 is manipulated in a distal direction, moving cam follower pin 566 to the lower step region 574 of cam slot 568, and thereby axially rotating barrel cam 564. The longitudinal dimension of cam slot 568 can be modified depending upon the tactile sensation desired to be transmitted to the user of the instrument. In addition, an annular rib 563 (see
As stated briefly above, the rotational movement of barrel cam 564 is conveyed to transmission rod 560 for effectuating the articulation of cartridge assembly 58. This conveyance of rotational motion is accomplished by engaging an arm 580 formed at the proximal end of transmission rod 560 within an angled drive slot 582 defined in barrel cam 564. Thus, as barrel cam 564 rotates in response to the translation of cam follower pin 566 within cam slot 568, transmission rod 560 is advantageously driven in a longitudinal direction as the peripheral walls of angled drive slot 582 are urged against the engaging arm 580 thereof. To secure the engagement of arm 580 within angled drive slot 582, a connective fitting 584 is mounted atop engagement arm 576 and is configured and dimensioned to move within longitudinal channel 585 formed in an inner surface of manipulation sleeve 562.
Barrel cam 564 is also provided with a pair of spaced apart transverse alignment slots 586 and 588 which are adapted and configured for cooperatively receiving a pair of guide pins 590 and 592. Guide pins 590 and 592 are associated with the outer tube 182 of elongated portion 54 and inhibit undesirable longitudinal shifting of the barrel cam 564 which may arise as sleeve 562 is manipulated. In addition, guide pins 590 and 592 achieve connection between the outer tube 182 of elongated portion 54 and the manipulator sleeve 662 via the interaction of cam follower pin 566 and cam slot 568. This connection is further assisted by the provision of a spring loaded locking mechanism associated with manipulator sleeve 562.
As best seen in
In use, as sleeve 562 is manipulated in a distal direction (see
Another preferred embodiment of the parallel linkage assembly 505 of the mechanism for effectuating the articulation of cartridge assembly 58 is illustrated in
Referring to
Another preferred embodiment of the actuation assembly 510 is illustrated in
A retainer ring 664 having an annular flange portion 668 is mounted within an annular groove 670 defined in knob member 658. Retainer ring 664 is also provided with an engagement port 672 for receiving the engaging arm 580 formed at the proximal end of transmission rod 560. A pair of diametrically opposed grooves 674 and 676 are formed in the interior of retainer ring 664 for engaging a pair of opposed corresponding keys 678 and 680 which extend radially outward from the cover tube 182 of elongated portion 54 adjacent sleeve member 650. Through this engagement, rotation of transmission rod 560 will be inhibited as knob member 658 is rotated to drive transmission rod 560 in a longitudinal direction for effectuating the progressive articulation of cartridge assembly 58. However, when sleeve member 650 is rotated about the longitudinal axis of elongated portion 54, the engagement of the keys 678 and 680 within the opposed grooves 674 and 676 will effectuate rotation of cartridge assembly 58 relative to the frame portion 52 of surgical apparatus 500. Finally, a securement ring 682 is fastened to the distal face 684 of knob member 658 by a plurality of threaded fasteners 686 for maintaining retainer ring 664 within annular groove 670.
Referring to
The fastener applying assembly 706 includes a base portion 710 which is pivotably mounted to the distal end 708 of body portion 706 by means of a main joint pin 707 (see generally
Surgical instrument 700 includes three mechanisms for effectuating distinct movements of the fastener applying assembly 706. These mechanisms include a rotation control mechanism for effectuating rotation of the fastener applying assembly 706 about a longitudinal axis defined by the elongated body portion 704. This first mechanism is operated through rotation of a control knob 714 which is fixed about the proximal end of body portion 704 (see
Referring now to
An elongated actuation rod 728 is associated with piston 724 and extends operatively therefrom, through the body portion 704 of surgical instrument 700, to the distal end 708 thereof. The distal end of actuation rod 728 is mounted to a cartridge adapter 730 which is illustrated in
Referring to
In operation, the sequential ejection of a plurality of surgical staples from the staple containing cartridge 737 is effectuated by depressing trigger 731. Movement of trigger 731 will cause gas to be released from supply container 722 which will exert pressure upon the elliptical piston head 727, urging piston 724 in a proximal direction. As piston 724 translates proximally, return spring 726 is compressed, and actuation rod 728 is drawn proximally therewith. As a result, draw bar 732 is pulled proximally within the elongated portion 704 of surgical instrument 700. The proximal translation of draw bar 732 causes the cam members 742 to travel in proximal direction within the tracks which are defined in the staple containing cartridge 737. Once the cam bars have completed their proximal-to-distal translation through the staple-containing cartridge 737, the pressurized cylinder 725 vents through a plurality of circumferentially disposed apertures 747, thereby permitting compressed return spring 726 to drive piston 724 distally into its initial pre-fired position. The distal movement of actuation rod 728 in response to decompression of return spring 726 causes cartridge adaptor 730 to return cam members 732 distally through staple-containing cartridge 737. However, knife blade 744 preferably remains in its proximal-most position by disengaging from the staple firing mechanism, e.g., by becoming lodged in a plastic knife block at the proximal end of the knife blade's travel path through staple-containing cartridge 737.
Referring to
Approximation link 755 is normally biased into the position shown in
Turning now to
Referring now to
The distal planetary gear assembly 784, which is illustrated in
As best seen in
It will be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art that various modifications or changes can be made to the various embodiments of the subject invention herein disclosed without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. For example, various sizes of the instrument are contemplated, as are various types of construction materials. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting the invention, but merely as exemplifications of preferred embodiments thereof.
To the extent not already indicated, it will also be understood by those having ordinary skill in the art that any one of the specific embodiments herein described and illustrated may be further modified to incorporate features shown in other of the embodiments.
1-15. (canceled)
16. A surgical apparatus for driving surgical fasteners, comprising:
- a) a frame portion;
- b) a body portion extending from said frame portion and defining a longitudinal axis;
- c) a fastener applying assembly pivotably mounted adjacent a distal end portion of the body portion;
- d) the fastener applying assembly having an anvil and a cartridge assembly, the cartridge assembly including at least one surgical fastener therein, the anvil and cartridge assembly being operable to place the at least one surgical fastener in tissue;
- e) a pivot member connected to the fastener applying assembly;
- f) a cable connected to the pivot member for pivoting the fastener applying assembly with respect to the body portion.
17. The surgical apparatus of claim 16, wherein the pivot member includes a capstan, the at least one cable comprising a cable being looped around the capstan.
18. The surgical apparatus of claim 16, wherein the cable is anchored to the pivot member.
19. The surgical apparatus of claim 16, wherein the cable is connected to a dial member accessible at the proximal end of the body portion.
20. The surgical apparatus of claim 16, wherein the fastener applying assembly is pivotably mounted at a pivotable connection and further comprising an approximation cable for approximating the anvil and cartridge assembly with respect to one another.
21. The surgical apparatus of claim 20, wherein the cable passes through the pivotable connection between the fastener applying assembly and the body portion.
22. The surgical apparatus of claim 20, wherein the approximation cable passes through a hole in the pivot member.
23. The surgical apparatus of claim 16, wherein the fastener applying assembly includes a cam member for ejecting the at least one surgical fastener from the cartridge assembly.
24. The surgical apparatus of claim 23, wherein the cam member is moved distally through the cartridge assembly to eject the at least one surgical fastener.
25. The surgical apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a gas supply within the frame portion.
26. The surgical apparatus of claim 25, further comprising an actuator mechanism associated with the gas supply.
27. The surgical apparatus of claim 26, further comprising a piston adapted for reciprocal movement in response to actuation of the gas supply and for moving the cam member to eject the at least one surgical fastener from the cartridge assembly.
28-39. (canceled)
Type: Application
Filed: Nov 12, 2008
Publication Date: Mar 12, 2009
Patent Grant number: 7891533
Applicant: United States Surgical Corporation (Norwalk, CT)
Inventors: David T. Green (Gulf Stream, FL), Keith Ratcliff (Newtown, CT), Keith Milliman (Bethel, CT), Henry R. Sienkiewicz (Stamford, CT), Mitchell J. Palmer (New Milford, CT), Graham W. Bryan (Norwalk, CT)
Application Number: 12/269,600
International Classification: A61B 17/068 (20060101);


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For longtime visitors of the World of Wheels in Boston, Massachusetts, it was always an icy cold treat when the show came to town in the dead of winter. With the recent sale of the venue that hosted the event for countless years, a decision was made to revisit one of its original exhibition halls to try and bring back a bit of nostalgia while also moving the show to the first weekend of April. The transition to the Seaport World Trade Center (formerly known as the Commonwealth Pier Exhibition Hall) was well executed and seamless, bringing close to 200 of the areas most scorching hot rods, customs, muscle cars, and motorcycles to town combined with top-notch vendors to produce a show that looked like it had been hosted there for decades. Weekend visitors were treated to countless new rides making their debut's including Steve Pierce's Quad Rod '32 Ford coupe and Wilson & Steely Kustom Coachworks' dramatic '29 Ford roadster exuding plenty of early '60's style. Walking through the event was the perfect time to catch up with old friends and talk about plans for the upcoming rodding season while checking out new innovative products from the GM Performance Division and other cool vendors. Special exhibits including Drag City USA left a scent of race fuel in the air, while special feature cars like Downtown Brown, Scythe, and 6-Pack kept the crowds buzzing. One of the focal points at any World of Wheels event are the personal appearance by numerous celebrities and this year there were deep lines to meet Capt. Johnathan Hillstrand from TV's Deadliest Catch, Danielle from TV's American Pickers, Disney's Zendaya Coleman, and New England Patriot Ron Gronkowski. Any way you cut it, the event was a blast. You can check it all out at www.autorama.com
37th Annual World of Wheels, Boston, Massachusetts – Stepping Back in Time
Written by Chuck Vranas on

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server 2006
Find what you need to know to help deploy, maintain, and support Microsoft Internet Security and Acceleration (ISA) Server 2006.
ISA Server 2006 - Getting Started
Find overviews, setup information, and more to start working with ISA Server 2006.
Design a successful ISA Server 2006 system with the help of these core documents.
Find developer resources for ISA Server 2006, including sample scripts and utilities.
Install and configure your ISA Server 2006 system according to recommended topologies and scenarios.
Learn about disaster recovery, monitoring and reporting features, and other aspects of administration and management. Troubleshooting information is included here as well.
ISA Server 2006 - Security and Protection
Find configuration advice to help you protect your IT infrastructure and data from malicious attacks.
Find product documentation and other reference information for ISA Server 2006.


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Kphoran necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 29 diseños de 11 diseñadores freelance.
RecreationReady is a start-up outdoor adventure recreation company in the San Francisco Bay Area. We are seeking a branding logo that will define our website, clothing merchandise (hats, t-shirts, etc.), and recreation gear/products that we have in development. Our initial main focus will be developing our adventure trip market that may include hiking, backpacking, cycling, kayaking, and white water rafting.
Our initial target audience is college/university students, so the logo needs to say it all. We need the logo to be hip, unique, and spur the desire in an individual to seek out an outdoor adventure. We will also be targeting high school seniors for our "Graduation Trip" alternative adventure trips.
We would like the logo to be developable. That is that we would like to be able to add to its character as our product line develops, but that the core of the logo can be carried through. We need it to be scalable to work on a website and merchandise (jpeg, eps, tiff, bitmap, etc.).
Be creative, we will provide feedback as designs are submitted.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Home > Shop > All Fabric
(Details shown apply to the default selection)
Brand: NorthcottFabric: Cotton - PatternDesign: Pattern Print
In stock, same day despatch
All over shells design on a pink background, 100% cotton from the Northcott Mermaid Kitties cotton collection. 112cm / 44" Width, this fabric weighs approximately 150gsm. Multiples of a size will be cut as one piece unless requested otherwise.
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Injection molding is the most widely used process for the manufacture of plastic parts. The Precision Injection Molding Laboratory at UMass Lowell is sponsored by the Nypro Corporation of Clinton, MA, one of the world's largest plastics manufacturing companies. The lab is located in Ball 114.
As time goes on, plastic parts are becoming more complex. As a result, there is a growing need for precision molding and process optimization equipment. This lab contains injection molding presses ranging from 3 ton to 100 ton. The presses are instrumented with state-of-the-art process monitoring and control systems. The department also has machine shop facilities in this room to repair and maintain injection molds.
Injection Molding Machines:


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When hearing loss cannot be treated medically or surgically, one of the possible treatments is the fitting of hearing aids.
Children and their parents meet with an audiologist to discuss and select hearing aids. When making a recommendation for a specific hearing instrument, the audiologist considers the degree of hearing loss, as well as the physical and specific hearing needs of the child.
Parents participate in the selection process and consider colors, shape, features, cost and wearing options. After the consultation, hearing aids can be ordered if the audiologist and parents are ready to proceed.
Our audiologists are experienced at selecting and fitting amplification devices for children. Audiologists may choose products from every major manufacturer of hearing aids. Devices are programmed on computers, and adjustments are often made onsite to solve problems.
Most hearing aids worn by children require earmolds.
The UT Dallas Callier Center provides ear impression services and the earmolds are made by earmold laboratories throughout the nation. Earmold fit is guaranteed for 60 days.


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NFL owners are an awfully boring lot. The most colorful NFL owner out there is Jerry Jones, and he's only interesting because his face morphs into a new, waxy shape every season.
The NFL needs an owner with some pizzazz. Someone willing to ruffle some feathers. Someone willing to make ball boys fetch him a sugar cookie. I got it! DIDDY! Why, oh why didn't I think of it before? Here's Sean Combs' Twitter feed from last night. The extra exclamation points really drive the point home:
I will be the the 1st black man to be majority owner of a NFL football team!!!! BELIEVE!!!!!!! All things are possible through Christ!
You hear that, America? Not only will he be the first black owner in NFL history, he'll be THE the first black owner in NFL history. He'll be doubly definitive.
No NFL teams are currently for sale, of course. Though I understand the Jaguars are available should you meet Wayne Weaver's secret asking price of a cord of firewood and six laser hair removal treatments. Combs' net worth was estimated at $346 million as early as four years ago. No word on if that number has been drastically reduced due to the purchase of multiple diamond-encrusted yacht anchors.
On his own, he doesn't possess anywhere near enough free capital to buy an NFL team, which costs about a billion dollars on average. There's also the issue of NFL owners, the oldest and whitest of old white guy clubs, being wary of a young owner with a dubious legal past and considerable media notoriety.
But Diddy is dreaming big. So let us dream with him, America. What would an NFL team look like were it to be owned by the erstwhile Puff Daddy? I imagine the team would adapt the following features:
-Team relocated to East Hampton
-Fish eye camera used on stadium Jumbotron at all times
-No more cheerleaders. HONEYS. Lots of honeys.
-All offensive and defensive plays openly stolen from other teams, and from Sting
-No one in stadium allowed to make fun of Diddy's underbite
-Admission price for Jennifer Lopez and family doubled
-Parking spaces widened to allow for customized Escalades
-All players forced to point skyward after scoring to acknowledge Biggie
-Opponents not wearing all-white uniforms turned away at stadium gate
-Team almost solely reliant on guest appearances
-All players cuts conducted live by Diddy at 4PM on MTV (weekdays)
-Gilbert Arenas brought in to lecture players about the utter coolness of openly displaying guns in the locker room
-Stadium beer vendors forced to sell Cambodian breast milk
Now tell me the NFL wouldn't be a more enjoyable place with such a team in its fold. I support you, Diddy. I support you in your wildly inaccurate prediction that you made while drinking cognac in your penthouse at midnight last night. A Diddified NFL would be a wondrous place, indeed.


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Judge tosses lawsuit by Pa. governor against NCAA, calls it "a Hail Mary pass"
HARRISBURG, Pa. A federal judge on Thursday threw out the Pennsylvania governor's lawsuit against the NCAA over sanctions against Penn State related to Jerry Sandusky, calling his argument "a Hail Mary pass" that easily warranted dismissal.
U.S. Middle District Judge Yvette Kane's decision puts an early end to the antitrust lawsuit Gov. Tom Corbett filed in January in which he sought to overturn a $60 million fine, a four-year bowl ban, scholarship limits and other penalties.
She said she could not "find any factual allegations supporting (Corbett's) allegation of `concerted action' that might nudge its conspiracy claim into `plausible' territory."
Corbett said he was disappointed that the lawsuit was tossed. He issued a statement Thursday that said he feels strongly the claims he raised were compelling and deserved a thorough review by the courts.
The NCAA said it was "exceedingly pleased" and hoped the ruling would help heal divisions caused by the Sandusky scandal. Corbett's office said it was working on a statement.
Kane said that even if the penalties make it harder for Penn State to recruit quality football players, that would not make it an antitrust case.
"The fact that Penn State will offer fewer scholarships over a period of four years does not plausibly support its allegation that the reduction of scholarships at Penn State will result in a market-wide anticompetitive effect, such that the `nation's top scholastic football players' would be unable to obtain a scholarship in the nationwide market for Division I football players," Kane wrote.
She said the questions the case raises are important matters of public debate but are not antitrust grounds.
"In another forum the complaint's appeal to equity and common sense may win the day, but in the antitrust world these arguments fail to advance the ball," Kane said.
Sandusky, a former university assistant football coach, is serving a decades-long prison sentence for sexual abuse of 10 boys. He has maintained his innocence.
Penn State, which agreed to the NCAA penalties, was not a party to the case.
Kane produced a "thorough analysis and thoughtful opinion," said Donald Remy, the NCAA's chief legal officer.
"Our hope is that this decision not only will end this case but also serve as a beginning of the end of the divide among those who, like Penn State, want to move forward to put the horror of the Sandusky crimes behind the university and those who want to prolong the fight and with it the pain for all involved," Remy said.
During arguments last month, the NCAA's lawyer said the sanctions were not likely to harm the overall market for higher education or for top-flight football players. He said antitrust law did not apply and that the organization acted to enforce rules about honesty, sportsmanship and conduct.
Relatives of the late Joe Paterno, who was Sandusky's boss for decades, five Penn State trustees and others connected to the university have filed their own lawsuit against the NCAA in county court. That suit also seeks to overturn the NCAA sanctions.
Wick Sollers, a lawyer who represents the Paterno family, said their lawsuit against the NCAA raises "significantly different claims and legal theories."
State College area state Sen. Jake Corman, who sponsored a law Corbett signed in February that requires $60 million NCAA fine to be spent exclusively in Pennsylvania, is pursuing a Commonwealth Court lawsuit against the association over the use of the money. An NCAA challenge of that law is still pending before Kane in federal court.


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Apple's (AAPL) new Macs -- released last week -- mean March sales should be okay. But look out for ugly February numbers, Piper Jaffray's Gene Munster warns in a note today.
Next Monday, retail market research firm NPD Group will release its estimates for Apple's February Mac sales. They will probably not be pretty: Munster estimates February Mac sales could be down 12% year-over-year, worse than January's 6% year-over-year drop. And way worse than a year ago, when Apple's February Mac sales -- per NPD -- jumped 60% year-over-year, driven by the then-new MacBook Air.
But Munster thinks -- and it makes sense -- that Apple's Mac business will recover this month. While the updates Apple made to its iMac and Mac mini weren't drastic, they should satisfy some pent-up demand. Munster estimates that March Mac sales will dip 1% year-over-year, as estimated by NPD. That's not nearly as good as last year, when March sales jumped 72%. But in this economy -- the PC industry is expected to shrink the most ever this year -- we'll take it.
Munster thinks this means Apple's March quarter Mac shipments, per NPD, will drop 6% year-over-year, around the 4% year-over-year drop he extrapolated a month ago.
That is a sharp frop from a year ago, when Apple's Mac shipments grew 51% year-over-year. It's not unexpected, given the shape of the economy, and the fact that Apple doesn't (yet) play in one of the PC industry's biggest growth markets -- netbooks. (And Apple is still doing better than many of its competitors.) But it's still a bit of a shock to see Apple lose last year's biggest growth story so fast.


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English Teacher
Please help me correct the following paragraph.
This summer, I'm going to Canada for vacation. I will start off on July 15 and come back to Taiwan on July30. A first, I plan to enjoy the natural view of a beautiful lake, where it is famous for its tranquility and peace. I can get totally relaxed there. Next, I will go fishing on a boat in the lake while my sister takes her bike ride along the ring lake path. Fishing teaches me to be patient and being alone for hours. Last, I want to lie down on the grass with my sister to watch the stars in the night sky. We even see a shooting star and make wishes before it is gone. I have a high expectation for the vacation and it will be an unforgettable experience.
Last edited by Ashiuhto; 13-Dec-2012 at 00:20.


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Fun and addictive bubble shoot game!
Another classic bubble match-three game come to Google Play.
Clear all the bubbles on the screen to level up,and try to get 3 stars on each level.
How to play:
1.Tap where you want the bubble.
2.To group 3 or more bubbles to make them burst.
Tips: Breaking the bubbles continuously can get points as bonus.
- Puzzle Mode,use the limited bubbles to clear all the bubbles on the screen.
- Arcade Mode,clear all the descending bubbles.
- Having 300 different and challenging levels.
- Having sky castle,starry night, and other beautiful scenes.
- Add Unlimited Diamond.
- Add Unlimited Energy.
- BUBBLE SHOOTER Hack Latest Version (With New Version).
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- Open page generator by click Hack Now Button
- Input your username or E-mail.
- Input amount of Diamond & Energy resources with what you want (MAX: 1.000.000).
- Wait for a second, the server is processing your request. (we also showing process detail).
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- and If the generator not showing human verification, so reload the current page and start from first step again.
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Today is the fifth anniversary of my ICD implantation. Still, implant patients remain without access to our device data.
While doctors and manufacturers have 24/7 access to patient data, including direct mobile access to reports and alert notifications about potential problems, patients are limited to hard copies of their interrogation reports (a "right to access" guaranteed by HIPAA). Such disparity in access is ironic considering that patients are the ones living with heart disease, not doctors or the manufacturer.
To mark this week, I will be posting daily pictures of how I see remote patient monitoring. Here's to fixing this by empowering patients with the same access enjoyed by clinicians and the manufacturer.


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This blog grew out of my desire to walk my talk. I am an ordinary Mom, with a greater than ordinary desire to minimize the effect that my family has on the environment. As I try and do the right thing, save energy, and minimize my family's exposure to chemicals, I have developed different practical solutions. I get so excited when I discover new ways to do things, but feel that these stories aren't really right for my bog on Sustainable Home. That is a place where I talk about my green design practice, interior design, green architecture, and furnishings. But I also wanted to write about trying to be sustainable in day-to-day life. So I have decided to start a sister blog.
Many people quote Gandhi's "Be the change you wish to see in the world." Often I think that people interpret this quote to mean that they must be strong enough to make change happen in this world through their own effort and force of will. This is not the case; the story that this quote came from is about a mother, like me.
She brought her son to Gandhi, who was so revered that people often came to him for advice on many things. She was worried for her son's health because he was overweight and would not stop eating sweets. She asked Gandhi to tell her son to stop eating sweets. Gandhi said to come back in two weeks. She was surprised but complied. In two weeks she came back and Gandhi spoke directly to her son, clearly and compellingly asking him to respect himself and his life enough to eat healthy foods and give up sweets and sugar.
"Why did I need to come back?" She asked.
"Well Madam," he answered, "I love sugar, pastries and candy. Before I could ask your son to give these things up, I had to know that I could do so myself."
I have worked in my professional life to educate people on green building, and it's tremendous potential to save energy while making homes healthier, and saving building owners money. But I am also a suburban housewife, mother of three, PTA volunteer who loves sewing, painting, hiking and gardening. I want to be able to do all of the things in my life, but am conscious that every activity has some kind of effect on the environment. So I am always seeking creative solutions to do things in an eco way.
If I can do it, with all the ordinary problems of getting my kids to school, shopping for groceries, doing lots of laundry, and entertaining: then I know that it is possible. Before I ask anyone else to change their life, before I tell people that they should be greener, I green my own life. I have found that few of these changes require any sacrifice, and in fact many of them have paid off in increased fun, better health, and a more beautiful life.
Which brings me to another detail. I love good design! I am obsessed with glamour, charm and elegance. I love my job because I can work with beach cottages, formal homes, warm modern kitchens, and funky vintage living rooms. My clients are a constant source of inspiration.
I am not willing to sacrifice my style to be green. So this blog is called "Seeking (Stylish) Suburban Sustainability."
Seeking- because it is a process, there is always more to do, but even the first step makes a difference.
(Stylish) – Because what is the point of life without glamour, style and beauty? I rest my case!
Suburban – because that is where I live, and the suburbs have the reputation for being very un-sustainable.
Sustainability – because we need to figure this one out, or we will all be in deep doo-doo.
Hope the new bog is useful and interesting to you, dear reader. I am pleased as punch to start writing it. Future blog entries at this site will continue to be about green design, furniture and architecture. You will soon be able to click through to S(S)SS at the button above on this site, or go directly there now at: www.mamaisonverte.com/wp ('my green house', in French.)


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Comfortable utility of 2013 Dodge Durango
Since its return to the SUV segment in 2011, Dodge Durango has established itself as a class-leader in functionality, utility and design. For 2013, Dodge Durango will be offered in four trim levels: SXT, Crew, R/T and Citadel, and the lineup receives new and revised features aimed at keeping it at the head of the pack.
The 2013 Dodge Durango is crammed with features, and it still has room for class-leading utility. With more than 30 storage areas and a rear cargo area of nearly 85 cubic feet, Durango offers capable flexibility.
Power and fuel efficiency
The 2013 Dodge Durango delivers the combination of power and fuel efficiency. Its award-winning 3.6-liter Pentastar V-6 engine delivers 290 horsepower (295 horsepower with available Rallye Appearance package on SXT models).
The EPA fuel economy in miles per gallon (city/hwy) for the Durango equipped with the Pentastar V-6 engine is 16/23 for both rear-wheel-drive and all-wheel-drive models.
Durango is also available with a 5.7-liter HEMI V-8 engine with fuel saver mode. The 5.7- liter delivers 360 horsepower and 390 foot-pounds of torque at 4,250 rpm and also features variable-valve timing (VVT). The fuel economy is 14/20 for rear-wheel-drive models and 13/20 for all-wheel-drive models.
Refinement for seven, or six
Passengers will feel materials that are refined with a functionality that gives owners a first-class experience, regardless of the trim level. The instrument panel features a nicely crafted monotone or two-tone appearance with a dark upper and lighter lower color and premium soft-touch materials for all price classes.
Introduced earlier in the 2012 calendar year, second-row captain's chairs are available on all trim levels. Between the seats is a floor-mounted console. It is designed so passengers can walk from the second to third rows between the second-row captain's chairs. Customers can also opt for a larger center console that has more storage space and class-exclusive features, such as illuminated cup holders and a USB port, as well as a 12-volt outlet.
Exterior revisions for the 2013 model year include two new colors, Bright White and Deep Cherry Red. These colors join the current Bright Silver, Rugged Brown, True Blue, Maximum Steel, Brilliant Black Crystal, Mineral Gray and Redline Red (R/T and Rallye Appearance Package only).
2013 trim levels
With a starting MSRP of $29,495, the Durango SXT includes the award-winning 3.6-liter Pentastar V6, seven passenger seating, 18-inch aluminum wheels, bright chrome exterior accents, three-zone automatic temperature control, SiriusXM Radio with 12-month subscription and much more.
Next is the Crew (new for 2013) with a starting MSRP of $34,895. The Crew adds standard premium leather seating and bright door handles.
Crew models also add standard features like a premium Alpine audio system, Keyless Enter-N-Go, cargo cover and much more.
Next up is the R/T model (MSRP: $35,995), which adds the powerful 5.7-liter 360 horsepower HEMI V-8 with Fuel Saver Technology as standard equipment along with a distinctive monochromatic appearance, unique 20-inch aluminum wheels with a polished face and Mineral-Grey-painted pockets, unique front fascia, and unique interior trim to name a few.
Finally, there's the top-of-the-line Durango Citadel, which is reduced by $1,000 to a starting MSRP of $39,995. The Citadel adds standard premium Nappa leather seating, 20-inch chrome-clad aluminum wheels, unique chrome exterior accents and much more.
Dodge Durango is built in the United States at the Jefferson North Assembly Plant (JNAP) in Detroit. To learn more about the 2013 Dodge Durango visit your local southeast Texas Dodge dealer or www.dodge.com.


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[Produced by Kanye West]
I want to be as free as the spirits of those who left
I'm talking Malcolm, Coltrane, my man Yusef
Through death grew conception, new breath and resurrection
For moms, new steps in a direction
In the right way, told her, "Inside is where the fight lay
And everything a nigga do may not be what he might say"
Chicago nights they, stay on the mind
But I write many lives, they, lay on these lines
Wavin' signs of the times, many say the grind's on the mind
Shorties blunted-eyed and everyone wanna rhyme
Bush pushing lies, killers immortalized
We got arms but won't reach for the skies
Waiting for the Lord to rise, I look into my daughter's eyes
And realize I'ma learn through her
The Messiah might even return through her
If I'ma do it, I gotta change the world through her
Furs and a Benz, Gramps wantin 'em
Demons and old friends, Pops, they hauntin' him
The chosen one from the land of the frozen sun
Where drunk nights get remembered more than sober ones
Walk like warriors, we were never told to run
Explored the world to return to where my soul begun
Never looking back, or too far in front of me
The present is a gift, and I just want to be
The titular, introductory track off Common's album Be exemplifies every possible element that makes Be the classic that it is: from Common's poetic lyricism to Kanye West's soulful production.
The Be intro samples Albert Jones' song, "Mother Nature".
Here is the official music video for the track:


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"Fareed Zakaria GPS" this Sunday at 10 a.m. and 1 p.m. ET.
By Fareed Zakaria
Now that President Obama has won re-election, the debate in Washington has shifted from whether we should raise taxes, to how and by how much. This makes sense – with a deficit over a trillion dollars, we will need a combination of increased tax revenues and spending cuts.
The president and his allies, including Robert Rubin, have made the case that eliminating deductions simply will not get you enough money – you will actually have to raise tax rates. That's probably true as well. But let's not give up entirely on the issue of deductions and all those other hidden subsidies that the Simpson-Bowles report accurately called "backdoor spending hidden in the tax code."
Watch the video for the full Take.
What we need is a simple tax code so that people are not so confused and need to hire other people to do their taxes. Jimmy Carter talked about simplyfing our tax code and it was,just talk. Why are there loopholes ? Because our representatives are in the pocket of the special interest groups. If one pays a certain % of their income why should it be capped at some figure ? Why not to include all income ? D.C. is so corrupt that there is little hope for any change. They always seem to be barking up the wrong tree. You need money to pay your debt ? Stop spending it on endless wars ! Too simple , ha ? Ron Paul should have been the president just for that idea alone. The Republican Party blew it .
I think rich people should pay more taxes because they have all this money and the average middle class don't but yet we both pay the same amount of taxes. Its not really fear to the average middle class. It wouldn't hurt for the rich people to pay a little more on their taxes. If they was to rise the taxes on every one then the average middle class would struggle even more then what they are now. So, if they was to rise taxes then they should only rise them on the rich and not the average middle class.
Sure. Let's have a flat tax!!! A flat 50% with the first $250,000 exempt!!!! See...you don't really want a flat tax at all. You really want a tax "break"!!!!!!! Hahahahahahahahahah
It is simple: eliminate federal taxes for those earning 125K or under and then tax at a sliding scale for incomes over 125K this would stimulate the economy from the bottom up
America is becoming too polarized and an ever widening chasm is being created between the very rich and the poor – look at history – alll the countries where the same thing was allowed to happen – if you don't have a strong middle class you don't have a strong country. Giving the middle class more income by eliminating the federal taxes to 125K would only strengthen the US economy. If not – I fear we will go from the fascist state we are under now to full anarchy.
Fareed Zakaria you sir have never ever had anything valid to say please leave journalism as a job. I here they need new workers on the hostess brands once they get sold. Maybe you can work on the HO HO line you schmuk.
The truth is.......Obama wants to raise tax rates on SALARIED people. he has NOT mentioned raising the rates on capital gains at ALL!
So.......he is simply LYING about taxing the wealthy, in the FIRST PLACE! The wealthy pay capital gains tax and NOT regular income tax.
The real truth is.........if you wanted to reduce the debt (and Obama doesn't) you would have to take all of the money from all of the wealthy, and make the wealthy middle class citizens. That might be popular........but you can only do that ONCE! Then there are no longer any wealthy to tax.
CNN has been spreading the Obama propaganda so long now, they really don't see the real truth anymore. CNN is simply a propaganda machine for Obama.........spreading lies and deceit.
I Just stumbled on this Global Public Square site. I find it shocking to read how ignorant and biased some of the comments made appear. I am a great supporter of Fareed Zakaria. I do not know the details of the "plagerism" charge mentioned, but anyeducated peson is exposed to the words of others. Reinforsing them is part and parcel of journalism. Much easier for me to understand than the garbage posted above. Bad apples like these can ruin much and contribute nothing of value. I wonder if they actually read what they send. Comparing themselves to informed professionals is pretty lame. They seem to swallow the hooks cast by special interests. The power of this benefits the privileged and dupes the less fortunate. We as a whole squabble over the small stuff, while they gain control of the stuff that makes them even more rich and powerful. The joke is on the middle class, as they are disappearing as we fight among ouselves..
Christions talk of Jesus as lord and teacher. Was he not a jewish hippy socialist rabbi? Lets do some more of Jesus talk in this christian country. Lets feed the hungry and share the bread and fishes. How about some redistrubution. After all did not the billioniares get ridh on the backs of the serfs and slaves in this counrty and other countries.? We have feudalism in usa and we need to have a peasants revolt and even things out .
If you have something useful to say, can't you write it? How about a transcript?
There can be no serious talk of deficit and debt reduction if DC talks of tax increases only on the wealthy. That is a non starter if we are to fix our broken fiscal nation. The last time this country balanced an annual budget was under Clinton, and at that time, the Bush Tax cuts were not in effect for anybody - in other words we had jumped off that so called cliff and we had higher taxes on both the wealthy and middle america. Since then, expenditures have risen and tax revenue has fallen. To think we can end the Bush cuts only on the wealthy and fix our problems is a lie. Extending the bush tax cuts for anybody is akin to kicking the can down the road to the next generation. To avoid a Greek like tragedy in this county, we need not jump or drive off thd cliff, but we do need to climb down the cliff to a lower level – and that means some sort of tax increase for ALL – the wealthy, the middle class, and those presently flying below the tax radar altogether ( tax cheats, illegal immigtants, and foreign visitors). It will be far better to endure another mild and hopefully short recession now, rather than face the sort of austerity cuts Greece is facing today (how would you like your pensions cut 35% all you teachers, government workers, police, fire, et al?).
Presicdent Obama campaigned on fiscal courage and fiscal discipline -- he told us in 2008 that America deserved better. Since taking office, he has shown neither. In fact, not only has he never balanced a budget, he has never pased a budget in his own Democratically controlled government.
We need spending cuts; some tax increases on all Americans; and some sort of national federal sales tax to increase revenues from all parties - the sales tax gets the cheats, illegals, and foreigners contributing something, and it also will derive more revenue from the wealthy (they do spend more you know).
Mr President, we need a leader. To date, all you have done is vote "Present". If you continue the charade and the rhetoric of "fair share" and tax increases for the wealthy only, you will kick this deficit and debt can down the road to the end of your second term - and that would be a travesty and a cruel joke on America – a slick move on your part, but it will forever label you a failure and poor leader at a time when we needed so much more. So, for the sake of the nation, stand up and stop with the political class warfare and smoke screens and show some fiscal courage and leadership. All we have heard so far is USELESS POLITICAL SPAM
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If you are looking for a way to reduce the time it takes for your command center to relay vital information to resources in the field, then consider a Wacom pen display. The electronic pen controls the cursor much like a mouse does, however, most pen users find it much faster than a mouse due to the benefits of direct eye-hand coordination. Operating the software more quickly is not the only advantage of using the pen directly on the screen, but you can also make handwritten notes and draw diagrams as easily as drawing with an ink pen on paper. Quick sketches to define a perimeter, or an arrow to indicate a recent change in direction only takes a few seconds to draw, but they can communicate a great deal of information quickly and easily.
Wacom pen displays are built to provide a long life of continuous service. Our patented, electromagnetic pen technology means that there are no batteries in the pen to ever wear out, and there are no electrical wires from the pen to twist and break. Our pen displays resist scratches due to a hardened cover glass on the work surface. They can be added to any existing computer system, and operate just like an external monitor.


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Help Support Haiti after Hurricane Matthew
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PADF's top priority is to make a lasting and sustainable impact in the lives of millions of people in the Americas.
To achieve this, we work with public, corporate and private supporters like you to create sustainable jobs and improve livelihoods, upgrade community services, strengthen civil society and organizations, and aid victims of natural and humanitarian crises.
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"At a time when the economic downturn is affecting the publishing industry, the Brooklyn Book Festival continues to support publishers big and small as well as authors around the world," said Johnny Temple, chair of the Brooklyn Literary Council.
This year's Brooklyn Book Festival will again feature a literary marketplace with more than 150 booksellers, publishers and literary organizations in Borough Hall Plaza as well as "reading rooms" inside historic Borough Hall. Programming will include panels and readings on an outdoor main stage facing Borough Hall's historic marble steps, a children's authors stage and special programming for teens and exhibitors that will include bookstores, publishers and literary organizations.


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Our online ordering facility will not be working for a few days while we change our card service provider and upgrade our transaction and security software. We expect to be back up and running by Wednesday September 25th 2019.
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text: AardvarkBusiness.net Business Forum FAQ Search Memberlist Usergroups Register Profile Log in to check your private messages Log in How can I edit my signature into my profile? AardvarkBusiness.net Forum Index -> AardvarkBusiness.net Board Issues View previous topic :: View next topic Author Message spenardoSecretaryJoined: 07 May 2013Posts: 17Location: queens,ny34 ants Posted: Mon May 13, 2013 4:00 pm Post subject: How can I edit my signature into my profile? I'm Israel Picon from NYC.I'm a 45 year old tattoo artist.I'm also like a newbie hee on this forum...I am curious as to where I acan edit my signature into my profile.Some members have madepoints about it in the forum.If its according to the posts how many posts do you need?Can someone clear this up for me? Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First AardvarkBusiness.net Forum Index -> AardvarkBusiness.net Board Issues All times are GMT + 1 Hour Page 1 of 1 Business Forum Sport Forum Travel Forum Powered by php B B © 2001, 2002 php B B Group AardvarkBusiness.net Business Search Engine & Directory


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(In-Game Name: BadgerDeluxe) I'm an aspiring map creator, mod maker, pro-creator, and beverage reviewer. Fo sho. This week, I am a zombie pyrotechnician, cuz nothin burns as good as the livin dead.
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Shine: Inside Top Chef Host Padma Lakshmi's NYC Apartment
Consumerist: Friendly's Burger Has Grilled Cheese Sandwiches For Buns (thanks IndianJones)
New York Times: Elle, Not Camera Shy, Embraces Reality TV (thanks Malibu Judie!)
LA Now: Sylmar sisters booked on charges of running illegal cosmetic surgery operation
Popbytes: maybe xenu could use a pair of mom jeans?
Vulture: Thank Me Later's First Week Sales: Huge!
Best Week Ever: Seinfeld Feuds With Lady Gaga In Seinfeldest Way Possible
Movieline: The Duplass Brothers on Cyrus, Jeff Who Lives at Home, and Why They Don't Read Scripts
AND WHATNOT: When Crazy Old People Attack! Also, Inside Elle, Cholesterol Bomb at Friendly's, and Plastic Surgery – Literally
Shine: Inside Top Chef Host Padma Lakshmi's NYC Apartment


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Mike Lynch
Founder and President, CNC Concepts Inc.
Founder and President, CNC Concepts Inc.
Most versions of parametric programming provide some kind of timer that gives you the ability to time events in a CNC program. With Fanuc's version of parametric programming (custom macro B), two timers—a millisecond timer and an hour timer—are available for this purpose.
System variable #3001 is the millisecond timer; system variable #3002 is the hour timer. It is important to know that these timers are always running. To time an event, you must set the timer to zero. From that instant, the accumulated time will be the time from when you last reset the timer to the present moment. To reset the millisecond timer, give the command #3001 = 0. To reset the hour timer, give the command #3002 = 0.
There is a rather severe limitation to the millisecond timer. It overflows (stops timing) at about 65 seconds, so the individual events being timed cannot be much more than a minute long.
When timing any event, you will need a place to store total accumulated time. Either a common variable (in the #100 series) or a permanent common variable (in the #500 series) can be used. If time must be accumulated from day to day (with the power being turned off during the accumulating of time), you must, of course, use a permanent common variable.
To time an event, you must first initialize the total accumulated time variable to zero when you want to start accumulating time, possibly at the beginning of the program. We'll use permanent common variable #500 for our examples. Just prior to each event being timed, reset the appropriate timer (#3001 or #3002) to zero. After the event occurs, step the total accumulated time variable (#500 in our case) by the current value of the timer. At the completion of the program, #500 will be the total accumulated time for the event.
This may seem a little confusing, so let's look an example. Say you want to track the amount of rapid motion time in a program. We'll use #500 to accumulate time, so once the program is completed, #500 will show the amount of rapid time in the program (you can view this permanent common variable on the display screen on the offset or setting page of most Fanuc controls).
At the very beginning of the program, give the command:
#500 = 0
This initializes the accumulated time to zero. For each rapid motion command in the program, add the timing commands:
#3001 = 0 (Set milliseconds timer to zero)
G00 Xxx.xxxx Yxx.xxxx (Rapid motion command)
#500 = #500 + #3001 (Step accumulated time by the rapid motion time)
If you include the timing commands around every rapid motion (G00) command in the program, then when the program ends, the value of #500 will be equal to the amount of rapid motion time. For this particular application to work, you must, of course, ensure that the rapid override switch is set to 100 percent.
You can see that timing an event could require quite a few cumbersome commands in your program. To simplify things, look for ways to minimize (or eliminate) the need to include the timing commands every time the event occurs. It might be possible, for example, to create a user defined G or M code that activates a custom macro that does the timing. For example, if you're trying to time total tool changing time on a vertical machining center, and if M06 is the M code used to make a tool change, then you can create a user defined M-code program that will be run every time M06 is executed. Consider this program:
O9001 (Program that is executed when M06 is read)
#3001 = 0 (Set millisecond timer to zero)
G91 G28 Z0 M19 (Move to tool change position)
M06 (Perform tool change)
#500 = #500 + #3001 (Accumulate time in #500)
M99 (End of custom macro)
You must still, of course, include the command #500 = 0 at the very beginning of the program to initialize the accumulated time variable to zero. But notice that all other timing commands are included in the user-defined M-code custom macro. They need only be written one time, regardless of how many tool changes there are in the program.
Creating a user defined M- or G-code requires a parameter to be changed. Reference the custom macro section of your control manual to find the parameters related to user defined G- and M-codes.


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We work hard every day to make sure every customer has the best possible experience. Simply complete the form below and we will send this vehicle straight to your phone.
*Please contact dealer to verify price, options, and other vehicle details.
MPG Disclaimer: *Based on 2019 EPA mileage and driving range ratings. Use for comparison purposes only. Your MPGe/MPG and driving range will vary depending on driving conditions, how you drive and maintain your vehicle, battery age/condition, and other factors.
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