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ATV Johannes Kepler
|ISS resupply & reboost
|16 February / 21 June 2011
|Ariane 5/Kourou, French Guiana
|10 470 kg (empty) | 20 050 kg (launch mass)
|Transfer and phasing to dock with ISS
|4 months
|+ ATV is the first vessel to dock automatically with the ISS and is the largest ISS supply vessel +
The Automated Transfer Vehicles (ATV) are probably the most complicated series of spacecraft ever built in Europe. The ATV-series are launched and operated by the European Space Agency. Their complexity comes from the nature of their mission and the constraints imposed by their destination, the International Space Station (ISS).
Like all ATVs, ATV-2 — dubbed Johannes Kepler — is designed to carry over seven tonnes of experiments, fuel, water, food and other supplies from Earth to the ISS orbiting at about 350 km. When it arrives, it becomes a 22-cubic-metre extension to the ISS, giving extra space for the six astronauts and cosmonauts who form the permanent ISS crew.
Whilst attached, apart from transferring its cargo to the ISS, the ATV also gets loaded up with solid and liquid waste from the station; its thrusters are used to periodically boost the ISS orbit (which decays with time) and it can also be used for emergency manoeuvres, such as those required if a piece of space debris is predicted to hit the station.
After about six months, the ATV is undocked from the ISS, and undergoes two carefully planned manoeuvres, which direct it on a trajectory that will cause it to burn up harmlessly in the atmosphere over an uninhabited area of the Pacific ocean. The first ATV, Jules Verne, was launched on 9 March 2008 and reentered the atmosphere on 29 September 2008. Johannes Kepler flew its mission between 16 February and 21 June 2011.
The ATV Control Centre (ATV CC) is located at the CNES (Centre National d'Etudes spatiales - France's space agency) facility in Toulouse, France.
The Mission Operations Team
The ATV Mission Operations Team works at ATV-CC and comprises a mixed ESA-CNES team. Experienced ESA operations and ground controllers work as Mission Directors and in training, simulation and flight dynamics, while CNES operations engineers work under the CNES Flight Director in areas such as attitude and orbit control, propulsion and telecommunications. ESA's lead Mission Director is Kris Capelle.
Beginning in 2009 with ATV-2, an industrial consortium - referred to as the IOT (Industrial Operations Team) - has been working closely with, and conducting operations for, the ESA-CNES team.
Other teams at the CNES centre in Toulouse support ATV operations in the areas of flight dynamics, training, systems engineering and software development and maintenance.
Mission operations overview
Since ATV will approach and be attached to the ISS, safety is paramount. Most spacecraft functions are doubly redundant, meaning that each subsystem, unit, switch and valve is duplicated - so that the spacecraft can withstand any single failure.
Since anything associated with the ISS must be designed to be triply redundant, ATV is designed to cope with two simultaneous failures.
For example, the ATV propulsion system has both main and redundant thrusters to power it during docking with the ISS. In case both the main and redundant thrusters fail, it has a completely separate, alternative thruster system, controlled by completely different hardware and software.
This system is used particularly if it appears that ATV is not going to dock properly with the ISS. If anything goes wrong, an 'Escape' or a 'Collision Avoidance Manoeuvre' (CAM) can be commanded by ground controllers, by astronauts on the ISS or by the ATV itself, acting autonomously. During an Escape, the normal thrusters are used to bring ATV away from the ISS into a safe parking orbit; during a CAM, the backup thruster system does essentially the same thing.
Much of the complexity of the first ATV mission came from proving that these Escapes and CAMs worked correctly. Only when all of these vital safety operations had been tested, during a 3-week flight campaign, and proven to work flawlessly, was ATV-2 allowed to dock with the ISS. This time ATV-2 will go directly to Station.
Launch and LEOP
The mission starts with the Launch and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP), when the spacecraft is put into a low Earth orbit by Ariane 5. This is probably the most risky part of the mission, especially until ATV has deployed its four solar array panels used to generate the power necessary to control the spacecraft.
After LEOP, the spacecraft performs a series of manoeuvres to bring its orbit into phase with the ISS, approaching it from behind and slightly below.
The approach to the ISS is characterised by a series of way-points and station-keeping manoeuvres, which are numbered from S-1/2 (at about 40km from the ISS and marking the start of proximity operations) to S41 - only 12m from docking.
When ATV reaches S-1/2 (around 40 km behind and 5 km below the ISS), GPS receivers on ATV and the ISS are used to calculate the relative positions of the two bodies. ATV starts a pre-homing phase, passes through S0 (30 km from the ISS), performs the homing phase and stops at station keeping point S2, located 3.5 km behind and 100 m above the ISS.
When all checks at S2 are completed, a 'Go' command to proceed to S3 (250m behind ISS) is sent to ATV.
- Further checks are performed at S3, and a switch is made to high-performance sensors for control of the final approach.
- After successful checks at S3, ATV will begin its linear translaion into the next hold point (S4, at 25m from the ISS).
ATV will then proceed to S41 (11m from the ISS) and commence docking under permanebt monitoring by the ISS crew and ATV-CC. ATV docks to the Russian Zarya module.
Attached phase
Once attached, the spacecraft is continually monitored. It carries gases and ISS propellant, which are transferred to the ISS during the attached phase along with up to 1600 kg of experiments, and up to 6340 kg of waste material is loaded for the return journey (see specifications below).
For the mission of ATV-2, no water is being delivered to the ISS as none is needed.
During the attached phase, ATV uses its thrusters to correct and adjust the orbit of the 400-tonne ISS structure and to perform debris avoidance manoeuvres when necessary.
Once ATV undocks from the ISS, it conducts a series of deorbit burns which will cause the vessel to plunge to a fiery end in the upper atmosphere.
|ATV Platform & Payload
|Main propulsion:
|4 x 490N thrusters
|28 x 220N for Altitude control & braking
|Length (with adaptor, probe retracted):
|10 770 mm
|Largest diameter:
|4 480 mm
|Solar arrays span:
|22 281 mm
|Mass budget
|Vehicle dry mass:
|10 470 kg
|Max. lift-off mass
|20 050 kg
|Load, total
|7667 kg
|Inside pressurised module:
|5500 kg
|840 kg
|ATV-2 launch configuration
|Cargo mass
|Dry cargo: 1599 kg
|Water: 0 kg
|Gas (N2, O2, air, 2 gasses/flight): 100 kg
|ISS refuelling propellant: 850,6 kg
|ISS re-boost and attitude control propellant: 4535 kg
|Launch vehicle
|Ariane 5 (300x300 km & 51.6° transfer orbit)
|ATV-1 launched with solar panels folded to the body of the spacecraft
|Launch site
|Kourou, French Guiana
|Launch date
|15 February 2011


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Long Term Safety of Clopidogrel in Neonates/Infants With Systemic to Pulmonary Artery Shunt Palliation (CLARINET LT)
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00833703
Recruitment Status : Completed
First Posted : February 2, 2009
Results First Posted : August 16, 2011
Last Update Posted : August 22, 2011
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- Study Results
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
This study is the extension of the CLARINET study [NCT00396877 -EFC5314] in neonates or infants with cyanotic congenital heart disease palliated with a systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt.
The primary objective was to assess the safety up to 18 months of age of the extended use of Clopidogrel 0.2 mg/kg/day in patients for whom the shunt was still in place at one year of age.
The secondary objective was to assess the efficacy on the occurrence of shunt thrombosis requiring intervention or any death.
|Condition or disease
|Heart Defects, Congenital
|Drug: Clopidogrel Drug: placebo
|Phase 3
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|49 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Parallel Assignment
|Double (Participant, Investigator)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|Long Term Safety Study in Patients Included in the CLARINET Study With Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease Palliated With a Systemic-to-pulmonary Artery Shunt and for Whom the Shunt is Still in Place at One Year of Age
|Study Start Date :
|January 2009
|Actual Primary Completion Date :
|July 2010
|Actual Study Completion Date :
|July 2010
Placebo Comparator: Placebo
0.2 mL/kg/day matching placebo solution once daily.
Drug: placebo
Form: reconstituted solution using matching placebo powder
Route: oral or enteric
Frequency: once daily
Dose: daily dose adjusted for weight
Experimental: Clopidogrel 0.2 mg/kg/day
0.2 mL/kg/day Clopidogrel reconstituted solution at 1mg/mL once daily.
Drug: Clopidogrel
Form: reconstituted solution using Clopidogrel powder
Route: oral or enteric
Frequency: once daily
Dose: daily dose adjusted for weight
Other Names:
- Number of Participants With Bleeding Events [ Time Frame: Up to a maximum of 6 months ]
All bleeding events experienced during the study period were collected as for any Adverse Event.
The 'on-treatment' period was defined as the period from inclusion in the extension study up to 28 days after treatment discontinuation, and participants who experienced bleeding events during that period were counted.
- Number of Participants According to Bleeding Type/Etiology [ Time Frame: Up to a maximum of 6 months ]For all reported bleeding events, the type and the etiology of the bleeding event were collected. Participants who experienced bleeding events during the 'on-treatment period' were counted by bleeding type and etiology.
- Number of Participants With Shunt Thrombosis Requiring Intervention or Deaths [ Time Frame: Up to a maximum of 6 months ]
Outcome events, shunt thrombosis requiring intervention or death, experienced during the study period were recorded.
Participants were counted excluding the events that occured after the participant's protocol study end (occurrence of shunt thrombosis, next surgical procedure for correction of the congenital heart disease, death, or 18 months of age, whichever came first).
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|12 Months and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients randomized in the CLARINET study,
- Still receiving the study drug,
- Palliative systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt still in place at 1 year of age,
- Investigator's decision to continue based on his/her judgment of the expected benefit / risk of continuing treatment with study drug,
- Signed informed consent to participate in the long-term safety study.
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00833703
|United States, New Jersey
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Bridgewater, New Jersey, United States, 08807
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Sao Paulo, Brazil
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Paris, France
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Berlin, Germany
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Budapest, Hungary
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Mumbai, India
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Milano, Italy
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Mexico, Mexico
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Warszawa, Poland
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Porto Salvo, Portugal
|Russian Federation
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Moscow, Russian Federation
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Barcelona, Spain
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Taipei, Taiwan
|United Kingdom
|Sanofi-Aventis Administrative Office
|Guildford Surrey, United Kingdom
|Study Director:
|Clinical Sciences & Operations
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
|Responsible Party:
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|Other Study ID Numbers:
2008-004999-53 ( EudraCT Number )
|First Posted:
|February 2, 2009 Key Record Dates
|Results First Posted:
|August 16, 2011
|Last Update Posted:
|August 22, 2011
|Last Verified:
|August 2011
cyanotic congenital heart disease
shunt palliation
Heart Defects, Congenital
Congenital Abnormalities
Heart Diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular Abnormalities
Pharmaceutical Solutions
Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists
Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists
Purinergic Antagonists
Purinergic Agents
Neurotransmitter Agents
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Physiological Effects of Drugs

subset: commoncrawl


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New PBA Survey Provides 1st-Quarter Distributor Benchmarking DataJuly 6, 2012
The Professional Beauty Association's new First-Quarter 2012 Distributor Benchmarking Survey has just been released. The survey supplies sales, line, store, employee and educational data that can aid beauty distributors of all sizes in making business decisions.
The information in this recently redesigned PBA membership-benefit program can also help a beauty distributor benchmark his or her business against other similar ones.