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Browsing Ph.D. theses (MARKETING/AØ) by Title
Now showing items 1-17 of 17
A Consumer Neuroscience Study of Information Processing of Brand Advertisements and the Store Environment in Compulsive BuyingBagdziunaite, Dalia (Frederiksberg, 2018)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Background. Compulsive buying—defined as excessive, uncontrolled, and repetitive buying— is a serious problem in today's society, driven by consumeristic values and reinforced by marketing efforts. However, the research on the external influences (e.g., brand information) and underlying processes that explain consumer behavior in brand-manifesting situations in compulsive buying is relatively scarce. This thesis provides an integrative literature review and two experimental studies that yield cross-disciplinary insights into the compulsive buying phenomenon. The thesis aims to study the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses that characterize consumer-brand interactions at relevant brand touchpoints in compulsive buying. Research methodology. Two experimental studies investigate similarities and differences between two groups of consumers with high and low compulsive buying tendencies (CBTs) at two brand touchpoints that represent a pre-purchase and purchase phase of the consumer journey. Multimodal consumer neuroscience tools (i.e., eye-tracker, EEG, and EDA) are employed to collect neurophysiological and physiological responses during exposure to marketing information. The first study examines consumer information processing of advertisements during a simulated TV commercial-viewing experiment. The second study investigates consumer information processing of store environments during a field experiment conducted in two single-brand fashion-apparel stores (i.e., low-end vs. high-end). Findings. The findings from the first study indicate that, regardless of their CBT level, consumers tend to allocate a relatively equal amount of cognitive resources to attend to, process, and remember exposed advertising information during the entire duration of commercial viewing. The two groups differed in their visual processing of brand elements only when viewing advertisements related to social cause. In the consumer group with a high CBT, a higher cognitive workload was linked to a lower probability of subsequent brand recognition. The findings from the second study revealed that, regardless of the fashion-store type, consumers with a high CBT chose items that were more expensive than consumers with a low CBT. The changes in physiological arousal during the first minute of shopping showed that, although both consumer groups were more emotionally responsive to the high-end than the low-end fashion store, the emotional receptivity in both groups was expressed in different physiological responses. Specifically, consumers with a high CBT demonstrated a higher frequency and a shorter duration of emotional responses, whereas consumers with a low CBT showed a higher amplitude of emotional responses in the high-end fashion store than in the low-end fashion store. The results indicate that there are two potentially different mechanisms that occur in the two consumer groups during encounters with store information. Conclusions. This thesis provides theoretical, methodological, managerial, and societal contributions. This research highlights the fact that compulsive buying is a complex phenomenon and that researchers should address both internal and external influences, examine the unconscious processes and mechanisms, and study consumer responses to marketing information in more naturalistic settings. The thesis also promotes the integration of consumer neuroscience tools with the compulsive buying research practice, aims to increase the awareness of the problem of compulsive buying, and encourages the development of novel, technologybased and scientifically driven consumer-behavior-monitoring policies. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9643
Files in this item: 1Dalia Bagdziunaite.pdf (3.651Mb)
Relational Perspectives on Brand Logics and Design Innovation Strategies and ImplementationNedergaard, Nicky (Frederiksberg, 2014)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: With the primary ambition to contribute to the brand orientation literature this thesis explores relationships between corporate brand identities and the management of design innovation. The thesis is based partly on a prolonged empirical case study of Bang & Olufsen and partly on a multiple case study of small and medium sized design-oriented firms – all characterised by a strategic focus on managing market-driving innovation. Grounded in an interpretive analytical approach the thesis examines how corporate brand identity as a strategic logic of the firm affects flows of management decisions and the structuring of design innovation strategies and implementation hereof. The thesis' theoretical foundation is anchored in the competence-based view on firm competitiveness. This foundation is complemented by institutional and organisational culture theories to the purpose of uncovering how organisational decision-makers are affected by corporate brand logics in relation to the management of design innovation processes and capabilities. The thesis presents four papers, which contribute conceptually and empirically to advance the brand orientation literature from a competence-based perspective focused on design and innovation management. Overall, findings suggest that corporate brand identity as a competitive logic in brand- and design-oriented firms can guide innovation strategy and decisions for coordinating management processes and the use of resources to develop brandsupportive innovation capabilities. However, it is also suggested that such brand logics should be complemented by market logics in a dynamic interplay. In this way a more pragmatic approach is achieved to the sustainment of innovation capabilities, which in an integrative manner support firm corporate brand identity and market adaptability as complementary management foci for customer value creation and sustained competitive advantages. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9036
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An Empirical Investigation from a Dyad PerspectiveWeber, Oliver Jacob (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In line with the concept of long-term relationships, as opposed to discrete exchanges, gaining acceptance amongst marketing researchers (e.g. Wilson, 1995; Ganesan, 1994; and Dwyer et al., 1987), the prevalent literature has increasingly emphasised the importance of cooperation between companies. As described in Selnes (1998), the objective of long-term relationships is to establish, maintain and enhance relations with trading partners at a profit. It is a dynamic process, whose success depends on the ability of companies to provide one another with episodes of value on a continuous basis. Definable as, "...similar or complementary coordinated action taken by firms in interdependent relationships to achieve mutual outcomes or singular outcomes with reciprocation over time" (Anderson and Narus, 1990, p. 45), cooperation between companies is viewed as an important foundation to the success of long-term relationships (Eriksson and Sharma, 2003). A joint effort based on coordination of activities thus permits companies to attain outcomes of mutual value otherwise not possible, e.g. exchange efficiency (Cannon and Perreault, 1999), decreased environmental uncertainty (Buvik and Grønhaug, 2000), and management of dependencies (Stern and El-Ansary, 1992).... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8059
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Haurum, Helle (Frederiksberg, 2017)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This thesis discusses customers' engagement behaviors (CEB) in the context of continuous service relationships (telecommunication provider and financial services' provider). CEB manifestations are agreed in literature and in business to be a potential source of value for the firm and valuable contributions have been made, mainly focusing at antecedents for CEB, the various CEB behaviors and consequences of CEB. Extant literature adopts mainly a firm-centric perspective and tends to be conceptual. This research adopts a customer-centric perspective. The methodology is qualitative and is performed via semi-structured in-depth interviews with individuals resulting in 40 touchpoint histories about their service relationships with their telecommunication provider and financial services provider. Furthermore, are qualitative data collected at the telecommunication firm, in terms of interviews with employees and participant observations at touch-points. CEB are definitely found to be potential sources for value-creation for the firm. CEB can however at times destroy value or cause lost CEB value (when CEB initiatives by the firm are not returned). From the perspective of customers are CEB manifestations part of their everyday Life. Customers manifest CEB to obtain a certain goal, sometimes targeted the firm, and sometimes targeted a group external to the firm. Customers manifest CEB by adopting a certain interaction style to facilitate goal achievement, and the way customers manifest CEB are sometimes inconsistent and follows not necessarily pre-figured sequences. Customers' CEB manifestations co-exist with the experiences customers have in their service relationships. CEB is sometimes manifested by customers to re-experience, reinforce or challenge what the customer is currently / has been experiencing. CEB is as well sometimes embedded in the service relationship to a degree, where customers' experiences and CEB become deeply intertwined or even become one and same construct, and sometimes is a CEB manifestation a consequence of a certain customer experience. CEB has changed the service relationship, and some of the recognized cornerstones in what constitutes a service relationship are challenged. This thesis suggests that CEB manifestations turn the service relationship into a plethora of (service) events of sometimes conflicting valence, which might disrupt the value creation process intended by the firm. This might be the reality of 'the new service relationship'. These obvious managerial challenges are best solved by the firm, when the firm adopts a customer-centric approach and understands which situation(s) their customers are most frequently in (revolving around the firm). The firm should investigate which touch-points are relevant contingent the customer situation and finally how the touch-points could be best possible organized to stimulate for favorable CEB. This novel managerial concept is labeled 'customer arenas'. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9583
Files in this item: 1Helle Haurum.pdf (4.098Mb)
Cross Functional Integration in the Process of Product InnovationBaunsgaard, Vibeke Vad (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Integration across departments, functions, and knowledge areas is important for success in the process of product innovation. Research of organizations, whether private or public, demonstrates, however, that cross functional integration is difficult to achieve in praxis. This problem area: Why is cross functional integration – in SMEs – in the process of product innovation so difficult in praxis? – sets up the foundation for this PhD. By focusing on cross functional integration in small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and by utilizing a qualitative research design in studies of the micro politics of cross functional integration, the PhD makes a novel contribution within an area of research largely overlooked by previous literatures.... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8325
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A Methodical Inquiry Into Practice and TheoryKahle, Lynn (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The subject of this thesis is the experiential discourse in marketing: how experience is researched by scholars as well as understood and delivered by practitioners. While experience-based approaches have been accepted and implemented by consultants, scholars have yet to comprehensively embrace experience as an academically robust concept (Holbrook, 2007; Palmer, 2010). An experiential perspective seeks to delve deeper into cognitive and emotional levels concerning consumption (Holbrook & Hirschman, 1982). In order to gain insight into the intricacies of experience, a large data set consisting of conference speeches and interviews was qualitatively analyzed, applying content analysis (Kassarjian, 1977). The findings reveal that there are many lessons to be learned about how practitioners design and deliver experiential offers. Compared to the cases often cited as part of the experience economy, which are typically manifested in retail environments, consumer products and staged events, the findings reveal a more nuanced discourse and a broader range of experience offerings representing many industries, including: hospitality, software, documentary film making, science, gaming, banking, and environmental design. The data shed light on several aspects worthy of further research. How an experience adds value, supports values, and is meaningful to the user is crucial. Understanding a user's goals is important in order to be able to design appropriate interaction touch points yet allow fluid engagement. In addition to shaping experience environments, whether physical or virtual, the findings reveal that practitioners exhibit an astute sensitivity to context and process. Moreover they are concerned with affording "flow," meaning optimal experiences (Csikszentmihalyi, 2003): not only for users but also for themselves. The focus on purposeful activity and change suggests that experience is part of an innovation discourse, potentially creating better offers and relationships. This resonates with academic and business communities alike. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8408
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Sestoft, Christine (Frederiksberg, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: E-business is marching on in several markets, but not in one important one: the grocery market. The lesson learned in the last ten, fifteen years, from brick-and-mortar supermarkets going online, is, that it is very difficult to profit from digitalizing the daily buying of groceries. All consumption research shows that online grocery business still has a lot of functional, e.g. technical and sensory, disadvantages to offline ditto. Apparently it is not much easier to plan, choose and buy groceries online than in the traditional retailer/supermarket. Some of the relative few experienced grocery consumers supports the theory that one may save some time and effort getting ones groceries packed and delivered, but to the majority this is obviously just not good enough, especially when accounting the delivery fee. However, the functional disadvantage explanation cannot stand alone as an answer to why online grocery business is not more of a success - and it may even be overrated. New sales channels have always had the "disadvantage" of not functioning like/as good as the old ones. To me, another interesting issue to the subject seems to be about consumer values and how their practising is not supported in this new sales channel.... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7737
Files in this item: 1Christine_sestoft.pdf (1.323Mb)
En indsigt i hyggefænomenet og de relaterede fødevarepraksisserBoye, Heidi (Frederiksberg, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: A lot of attention has been given to health-related issues worldwide, especially since the World Health Organisation declared obesity epidemic in many countries. Overweight and obesity impose a serious threat to economic welfare and the health and quality of life of the individual consumer (Indenrigs- og Sundhedsministeriet, 2007). Paradoxically in continuation of the increased overweight, obesity and nutrition-related diseases research stresses there is an escalating concern about health issues such as eating and living healthy (ATV, 2007; Nordic Plan of Action, 2006). However consumers find many different obstacles to integrating healthy food products in their daily lives, including the compelling need for hedonic food consumption which often involves less healthy or unhealthy food (Luomala et al., 2004, 2006). Hedonic food consumption is often associated with social gatherings and "hygge42", where everyday "health-rules" are replaced with unrestricted "pleasure-rules"...... URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8050
Files in this item: 1Heidi_Boye.pdf (1.955Mb)
Kan giver-idealtyper forklare støtte til velgørenhed og understøtte relationsopbygning?Rasmussen, Hans Peter (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: "Giv-en-ged" er navnet på en kampagne, som Folkekirkens Nødhjælp (FKN) lancerede op mod jul tilbage i 2006. Den er et godt eksempel på, hvordan det at give penge til velgørenhed ikke kun handler om at hjælpe fattige mennesker i nød eller kun om at støtte et godt formål. Kampagnen solgte i 2006 over 50.000 gavekort, og salget via hjemmesiden www.givenged.dk nåede hidtil usete højder herhjemme for onlinehandel. Det medførte blandt andet, at DIBS (online betalingssystem) en enkel dag lukkede ned for salg på hjemmesiden, fordi det høje antal bestillinger blev forvekslet med et hackerangreb, som aktiverede sikkerhedssystem hos DIBS. I alt indbragte kampagnen ti millioner på under en måned, og når man ser bort fra fællesindsamlinger ved tv-shows, er det en af de mest succesfulde indsamlingskampagner herhjemme URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8671
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Münster, Mia Borch (Frederiksberg, 2018)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Retail stores are designed to attract and inspire consumers. They also function as communication platforms between brand and consumer. Customers, both consciously and unconsciously, decode messages embedded in the store design, and use them in their decision-making. But how can design managers know with any certainty whether the choices they make actually add value, to the products in the store? This dilemma has been addressed from varying perspectives in businessrelated design and marketing literature. John Heskett (2005) acknowledges the conflict of imperatives that obtains between a company and the users of its products and ascribes to design the role of providing a bridge between them. Philip Kotler (1973) underscores the need for designers to understand the targeted consumers by making a distinction between intended and perceived atmosphere. The intended atmosphere is, of course, the set of sensory qualities that the designer of an environment means to invoke. But a design is not always perceived as intended; indeed, perception can vary significantly from one customer to the next. Apart from offering insights in the retail designer's process of creating stores that function as a marketing tool, this dissertation proposes a method for measuring whether decisions made by the store designer do indeed support the products from the targeted consumer's perspective. In four articles, a toolbox is provided, offering insights of four types: (1) the theoretical and empirical, aimed at developing an understanding of the different categories within the retail designer's working process; (2) a codification of the stakeholders and constraint generators affecting the retail design process; (3) the proposal of a new method for studying spillover effects from store interior to product; and (4) the testing of this method in two field experiments, where we measure the effects of retail design on those for whom the design is ultimately intended: consumers. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9624
Files in this item: 1Mia Münster.pdf (15.16Mb)
Teilmann, Kasper Aalling (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The dissertation 'Interactive Approaches to Rural Development' gives new theoretical and empirical knowledge in the collaboration on development of rural areas and landscapes. From a perspective about the development and the challenges faced, the study analyses which functions that are demanded by the rural areas. Furthermore, the study makes an analysis of the collaboration in an EU financed rural development association; the Local Action Group (LAG). The overall objective is to: Analyse and discuss approaches to rural development under Danish conditions. The dissertation is cantered around three papers introduced with a frame that contributes to the overall objective. With point of departure in the changes that have structured the Danish landscape, the first paper analyses and discusses how the Danish planning system can be optimized to plan for a multifunctional landscape. Paper two and three builds on the EU rural development policy LEADER that through local project based development supports new income opportunities for the local inhabitants. Collaboration on the rural development is a subject that requires an interdisciplinary analytical approach. The dissertation therefore builds on different theories and both qualitative and quantitative analytical methods. The theoretical foundation draws on generic network theory and various applications of this. This is conducted by inclusion of ideas from interorganisational interaction in an analysis of the collaboration between municipality and a locally anchored development association. In addition the theory of social capital is applied to analyse whether the partnership formation and collaboration has supported the development of the local area. Furthermore, the concept of multifunctionality is assessed as a principle to be applied in countryside planning and rural development. The empirical foundation of the dissertation draws on mixed method research approach with interviews and surveys that are studied through qualitative and quantitative data analyses. Two of the three papers take point of departure in a case study of LAG-Djursland. Based on the dissertation it is concluded, that a crucial factor in the development of rural areas and landscapes is the collaboration among relevant stakeholders– often arranged around a partnership. To secure a concrete and locally attuned development it is important to engage local anchored stakeholders. These stakeholders have the greatest knowledge about the local development opportunities and barriers. Though the dissertation builds on experiences from the Danish rural landscape, the analyses, discussions and conclusions will be relevant in an international perspective. The interactive approach and the analysis hereof will be applicable in other domains than that of rural development. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8592
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An understanding anchored in pragmatismBang Mathiasen, John (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The subject matter chosen for this PhD, learning within a Product Development (PD) working practice, might give rise to wonder given that I have a theoretical education within supply chain management, achieved practical experience as senior supply chain manager and finally, conducted a great many lectures dealing with supply chain management. Offhand, it may seem an odd choice, but my practical experience, briefly illustrated in the below, triggered the decision to study learning within a PD working practice. PD implies design of components and clarifications of the assembly process. A side effect of these activities is a routing, which establishes the supply chain; that is, the total journey, which all components must undertake before the product is saleable. Hence, seen from the perspective of the operation, the supply chain to be managed throughout the life cycle of the product is created during the PD phase. Changing a supply chain later on is possible, but it requires a significant effort. When managing a supply chain area, in which a large part of the products had a life cycle of more than 10 years, I realised the critical importance of influencing the PD process. Thus, employees from the supply chain department were often engaged in intense exchanges of views with the PD engineers and substantial resources were devoted to improving the awareness of supply chain considerations during the PD process. Nevertheless, in my firm conviction, these efforts only managed to exert minor influence and consequently, the established supply chains were difficult to handle. Ever since then, I have wondered why we were unsuccessful in influencing the supply chain of a new product. The involved supply chain engineers had a highly theoretical background as well as practical experience, but it was not possible to initiate learning among the PD engineers as regards the establishment of a more suitable supply chain. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8509
Files in this item: 1John-Bang_Mathiasen.pdf (1.812Mb)
Mikkelsen, Thorsten (Frederiksberg, 2011)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Gennem ca. 11 års erhvervserfaring fra den danske kopimaskine branche har je g opnået indsigt i et særdeles konkurrencepræget marked (nærmere beskre vet i appendiks 1). Det er disse erfaringer, der har etableret det indledende oplæg og dermed skabt selve bevæggrunden og motivationen til dette forskningsprojekt. Introduktionen til denne afhandling tager derfor udga ngspunkt i egne praktiske erfaringer, erhvervet i kopimaskine virksomheden Winkelhorn . Winkelhorn er en mindre vi rksomhed med ca. 60 ansatte og en omsætning på ca. 200 millioner kr. Virkso mhedens indtjening er baseret på salg og servicering af kopimaskiner og printere til både o ffentlige- og private kunder. Udover direkte salg afsætter Winkelhorn også en betydelig volumen via mellemhandlere, såsom kontorforsynings- forhandlere og forhandlere som udelukkende fokuserer på salg af kopi/print udstyr. Her blev de indledende øvelser eksekveret til det, der senere skulle danne grundlaget for denne afhandlings forskningsområde. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8319
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Rydén, Pernille (Frederiksberg, 2015)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This dissertation contributes to the strategic cognition research by exploring how managers' cognitive representations of an emerging, but potentially disruptive technology, influence their identification of strategic options. Managers tend to talk of social media as technology that changes customer behavior and disrupts industries, however, this attitude is not reflected in their strategic framing and implementation of social media. As behavioral theory seems inadequate to account for such paradox of social media sensemaking, two qualitative studies purposefully account for the sociocognitive challenges of understanding and using new, disruptive technology in business-customer interaction and provide theoretical frameworks for overcoming barriers to business transformation in the digital age. Departing from a thorough review within the marketing and business management disciplines, the studies illustrate how managers' strategic perspective is delimited, at the subconscious level, by experience, knowledge, and assumptions of businesscustomer interaction, market dynamics, and social media acumen, and how these biases are often confirmed in a social context instead of being challenged, despite of a market-driven, as well as an organizational demand of rethinking. Elicitation of the underlying conceptual structures of social media is based on in-depth interviews with 39 strategic decision-makers on B2C markets in Europe and the US. The first study across companies empirically investigates how strategic decision-makers cognize, formulate, and implement social media differently, and how managers' cognitive understandings of social media are acquired. A detailed study within a media company further demonstrates how managers' identified strategic framings of social media can express different operations of conceptual change of strategies through reflective thinking as higher-order learning. These framing operations can be the basis for discovering possible reorganizations of strategies (strategic reframing) to become aware of new opportunities with social media. The identification of the conceptual structures underlying managers' strategic cognition of social media through mental models and framing mechanisms contributes to the discussion of how strategic cognition of social media can strengthen the development of business and customer value, as well as individual and organizational capabilities. The findings lead to more nuanced understandings of the microfoundations of strategy at the intersected levels of management, cognition, market, and media. To my knowledge, this is the first attempt to comprehensively capture the variety of conceptual representations of social media at managerial level, and to theoretically and empirically account for how these socio-cognitive operations underpin a strategic change process involving social media at organizational level. The findings suggest how reflective thinking - at individual and collective levels - can help strategists and companies to better meet future challenges of adopting new technologies. The ability to challenge own and others' assumptions through reflective thinking can be initiated through reframing techniques and models developed from this research. Such practices become important to establish when businesses become increasingly dependent on fast-moving technology. Strategic processing becomes a critical precondition for understanding the nature of change and transformation and to be able to relate to customers in an appropriate manner. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/9217
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Et studie af 10-12 årige danske børns brug af internettet, opfattelse og forståelse af markedsføring og forbrugRasmussen, Jeanette (Frederiksberg, 2012)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Denne afhandlingen har haft til formål at udvide den viden, vi har om markedsføring rettet mod børn. Børn i dag lever i en mere kommercialiseret barndom, børn betragtes i højere grad end tidligere som selvstændige forbrugere, markedsføringsmetoder på internettet er karakteriseret ved at være mere sofistikerede og mindre gennemskuelige, og der er stor markedsføringsmæssig fokus på yngre børn, og specielt de såkaldte tweens (defineres typisk som de 8-12 årige). Det har derfor været afhandlingens sigte at undersøge i et hverdagsperspektiv, hvordan 10-12 åriges brug af internettet, deres oplevelse og forståelse af markedsføring på internettet er relateret til deres forbrug (køb og forhold til mærker). Det er tweens oplevelse og forståelse af medier og forbrug, som er i fokus. Afhandlingens teoretiske grundlag er tvær-disciplinært, og derfor er relevante dele fra barndomsforskningen, medieforskningen og forbrugerforskningen blevet inddraget. Metodisk er der brugt en triangulering af empirisk materiale, da dette er specielt godt i forhold til undersøgelser om børn. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8563
Files in this item: 1Jeanette_Rasmussen.pdf (2.213Mb)
Case Study: the landscape architecture for people in CopenhagenYang, Binzhang (Frederiksberg, 2013)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Urban green spaces have a significant impact on the balance of urban ecosystem, the adjustment of urban environment and especially the enhancement of urban citizens' life and work quality. A city's image and its citizens' health and well-being is to a certain extent directly affected by whether the quantity of urban green spaces is sufficient, whether the distribution is reasonable and whether the functionality is complete. Therefore, the planning and construction of urban green spaces are already being viewed as a city's green infrastructure as well as the guarantee of a city's sustainable development. Currently, China is on the fast track of an urbanisation process. How to handle environmental protection and how to maintain the relationship between ecosystem, urbanisation and city construction are crucial projects China is facing. In this respect, developed Western countries is one step ahead of China and have aggregated massive valuable experience which China can learn from. With this as aim, this Ph.D. research discusses the relationship between urban green spaces and citizens' life by studying the creation and evolvement of green spaces in Copenhagen. The research focus is to discuss the development situation of this city's urban green spaces and what can be learned by China. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8795
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Interaction, Interconnection and PositionVedel, Mette (Copenhagen, 2010)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This thesis reports the findings of one of three co-financed research projects under the heading: "Customer driven innovation in the building articles industry". The issue is value creation in triadic business relationships, and the aim is to explore in what ways the expansion from a dyadic level of analysis to the level of micro-networks can inform our understanding of value creation in intermediated systems. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/8165
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Where the Swell Begins
Date: 12/12/2012; 52 minutes
Every summer the California surfing community enjoys the arrival of a long regular swell from the southwest. The origin of the swell is in the winter storms of the southern hemisphere, some in the Indian Ocean, half way around the Earth. Join internationally renowned Scripps professor Walter Munk to learn how World War II and measurements of Guadalupe Island led to this discovery and what it means for surfers today. (#24248)
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Dungeonland Walkthrough and Guide
Welcome to the Dungeonland Walkthrough where our team of contributors will help you work through the game via a step-by-step tutorial. A Gamewise walkthrough aims to take you all the way through the game to 100% completion including unlockable quests and items.
If you are stuck on something specific and are unable to find any answers in our Dungeonland Walkthrough then be sure to ask the Dungeonland Forum / Community for help and advice in the discussion box below and they will get back to you as soon as possible with an answer!
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Dungeonland Overview
Dungeonland is a role-playing game developed by Critical Studio and released on Mac OS, Microsoft Windows.


text:
Hamilton showing signs of delivering what Angels need
As comfort level rises, outfielder confident production will increase
ANAHEIM -- As Josh Hamilton becomes more comfortable with his new environment in the Angel Stadium home clubhouse, he figures he'll begin to emerge as the type of player the Angels hoped they were getting when they signed him this past winter to a five-year, $125 million contract.
Players are creatures of habit, you see, and finding the space and rhythm off the field can create the right mental conditions to produce on it.
"Of course, there's always an adjustment," Hamilton, who left his comfort zone with the Rangers to sign as a free agent, said on Sunday. "You go to Spring Training and you think you're adjusted and then you make another move. You had to bring the family to L.A., had to get settled in and get in a routine as far as finding where things are around the stadium.
"How to park here and get there and walk here. It's just a process. It's been good to get into routine, like you said."
Hamilton, of course, is shackled with the added complications of his well-documented personal addictions. Coping with all that has to be different after surviving -- with a few glitches -- five largely successful years playing for the Rangers.
"I'm good, I'm really good," Hamilton said when asked about the support system in a new city. "That travels with me."
All this was germane on Sunday after Hamilton lofted a two-run, eighth-inning homer just to the left of the rock pile in center field that gave his new club enough of a cushion to defeat the Astros, 4-1.
Hamilton also added an infield single and a triple, giving him his second three-hit game in the 12 he has played with the Angels. He has five hits total in the other 10 games.
Despite winning back-to-back contests for the first time this season, at 4-8, the Angels aren't where they want to be right now, matching their rough start of the 2012 season. And Angels fans know how that turned out.
The big difference, though, from a year ago when the Angels spent the entire season trying with no avail to dig out of a 7-15 hole, is that this April they have Hamilton and Mike Trout, who was in the Minors and wasn't elevated to the big club last year until April 28. That's when the Angels began turning around their season and Trout, who hit his first homer of 2013 on Sunday, went on to be named American League Rookie of the Year.
Much worse than Hamilton's .238 start with two homers and eight RBIs, Albert Pujols suffered through the dregs last year after he left the Cardinals and signed a 10-year, $240 million deal. Prince Albert had a nightmarish month of April, batting .217 with no homers and four RBIs as he carried the weight of the club and that contract on his shoulders.
"It was six weeks and three days," Angels manager Mike Scioscia said, declining to break the Pujols slump down to the hours and the minutes. "It was long and it was tough. Albert, I think, had a little more on his plate changing leagues. Josh is familiar with the lion's share of the pitchers we're going to face. Albert wasn't. He came over cold turkey and Albert was trying to do what he did in St. Louis and put the team on his back and keep going. That was detrimental and he realizes it. That's why you're seeing Albert more disciplined and getting off to a much better start this year. He doesn't have to carry the whole club."
This year, Pujols is batting .293 with two homers and seven RBIs, but he has different problems coming off knee surgery and dealing with plantar fasciitis, painful inflammation on the sole of his left foot.
In the hours before Sunday's game, Scioscia adjusted the Los Angeles batting order, moving Pujols from first base to designated hitter to take stress off the foot. Pujols went 0-for-4 and could barely run down to first base on a pair of ground balls.
Scioscia stopped short of saying the 33-year-old Pujols had been told to take it easy running out infield grounders.
"You know, Albert's going to give you what he has," Scioscia said. "If he has 70 percent, he's going to give you 70 percent. That's where he is right now, whatever percentage you want to put on it. Obviously, he's not 100 percent."
To be sure, the Angels had much bigger issues last year at this time than Pujols' seeming endless slump. The bullpen was a mess. Five days after Trout was called up from the Minors, the Angels obtained Ernesto Frieri in a trade with Padres.
Frieri, a heretofore 24-year-old unheralded middle-inning reliever, emerged as the closer, saving 23 games. Frieri turned over a four-out save to secure Sunday's win by striking out four out of five batters. And with free-agent signee Ryan Madson recovering from Tommy John surgery and throwing freely in bullpen sessions, the relief corps seems to be in good shape.
This year, the starting pitching has been problematic. Even with C.J. Wilson's win and six innings of one-run, five-hit ball on Sunday, Angels starters are ranked 27th out of the 30 Major League teams with a 2-5 record and 5.59 ERA. Jered Weaver being out from four to six weeks because of an elbow injury certainly hasn't helped matters.
"We're struggling to find that flow of our rotation," Scioscia said. "We're not getting the length or the effectiveness we need."
At this point, Hamilton may be the least of his problems. At 31, he's physically healthy and mentally hardy. Unlike Pujols, he doesn't seem like a man carrying the weight of the team and a big contract on his back. The off-field stuff out of the way, he figures he will hit.
"Come on, what has it been, only [12] games?" he said. "I'm coming around. I feel the same as I have for the last week. I'm just getting hits now."


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The Canadian designer moves into new spheres with the use of leathers and floor length pieces besides his signature wool and bright colours
Taking his previously knitwear based label forward into new realms, Mark Fast's collection incorporated leather alongside his trademark wool based fabrics, to great effect. Volume and varying silhouettes were important and provided interest throughout the collection, both in the models – who came in all shapes and sizes – and the garments themselves. Huge built up shoulders accompanied floor length elements, while hooded body sculpted leather dresses and gowns gave a toughness to the softer wools.
Theatrical yet still incredibly desirable, the collection came mainly in black and natural white, based around the markings farmers paint on a sheep's wool. The occasional orange hues were also used and provided pops of bright colour where needed. The detailing across the pieces was intricate and came in the name of open knit sections, woven trails and applique woollen plaits. Overall Fast proved he is a designer who is looking to maintain an avant-garde element but at the same time is constantly thinking and evolving.
Dazed Digital: What inspired this collection for you?
Mark Fast: It was really all about the idea of a wolf in sheep's clothing, nothing is what it seems. I wanted to create a soft silhouette and slowly the wolf appears at the end. I wanted to show a certain strictness as well, which came through in the leathers. I took that and moved in a few different directions with it. I started thinking about armour and protection but also strength and vulnerability.
DD: What made you want to bring the leathers in?
Mark Fast: It was time to do something new and to bring forwards what I had done previously. I wanted to surprise people a bit but also that idea of protection was important. Leather seemed to be the right choice for what I was trying to say, meeting the needs of the Mark Fast woman. I want to maintain the luxury side of natural fabrics in my garments.
DD: There seemed to be something quite Germanic to some of the pieces.
Mark Fast: The hooded and caped floor length leather dresses could have had that feel yes. I think I wanted something that while being tough and almost austere was also about being a protective shield for the person wearing it. Also a certain mystery to people was something I thought about. I have a coat with a hood like that which I love wearing and that inspired me.
DD: What is it about the hoods you liked so much?
Mark Fast: That feeling of being protected against what is happening around you, or what could happen. I love wearing mine as it stops the outside world from getting in almost.
DD: Obviously you are still doing absolutely amazing things with wool. The shoulders and volume of some of the pieces was incredible. Are you working with any new techniques?
Mark Fast: Yes lots! We are constantly updating the way we use knit and what we can do. There was a lot of loop knit in this collection which gave the open feel, but also we can build on that to create volume.


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Police-to-Citizen (P2C) web site
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The police records obtainable through P2C are filtered and do not contain sensitive data. If a citizen requires this information, the WSPD's Records Division is open to the public during normal business hours.
P2C's online reporting feature is designed for incidents that require police assistance but do not constitute an emergency. A few examples of non-emergency incidents that may be submitted using P2C: aggressive driving, identity theft, larceny, police service.
The Police-to-Citizen (P2C) web site has other functions as well: the WSPD's most wanted list is displayed and fully up-to-date on the P2C main page. A warrant list is available that displays all current warrants for arrest through the WSPD. Reports may be quickly searched and viewed from the P2C main page if you have the report number. Links to various city resources are found on the left side of P2C's main page. Lastly, a direct link to the WSPD's crash reports web site is centered on P2C.
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French family of 7 kidnapped in Cameroon
YAOUNDE, Cameroon (AP) — A French family of seven — including four children — was kidnapped on Tuesday in northern Cameroon, and officials suggested the involvement of one of Nigeria's Islamic extremist sects.
Military helicopters are being used to search for the tourists, who were abducted from Cameroon's Far North Region, a Cameroonian government official told The Associated Press.
The French gas group GDF Suez identified the captives as an employee working in the Cameroon capital of Yaounde and his family. The group was vacationing in the north, a company statement said without elaborating.
"The three adult tourists and four children were picked up early today (Tuesday) by men riding on motorbikes who rode off toward the border into Nigeria," the Far North Regional Delegate in the Ministry of Forest and Wildlife, Jean-David Ndjigba said from the province's capital of Maroua.
Military and paramilitary gendarmes said the region's Governor Augustin Fonka Awah is in the field accompanying them in the search.
"As I speak to you right now, helicopters are flying over the entire province, and specifically in the administrative area of Waza in search of the kidnapped tourists," Ndjigba said, adding that the vehicle the tourists used has been recovered on the borders flanking Nigeria.
Waza Park, a natural wildlife reserve in the Far North Region attracts mainly foreign tourists. But the area often suffers from raids by bandits lurking in Cameroon, Chad and neighboring Nigeria, who often abduct locals for ransom.
A Cameroonian trader, who insisted on anonymity because he feared for his safety, said that he was driving back from Nigeria and happened upon the scene. The vehicle of the seven French nationals got stuck in the sand, near the town of Dabanga, 6 kilometers (4 miles) from the Nigerian border. A group of armed men on motorbikes sped up, and forced the Europeans to leave their car at gunpoint, he said.
The hostages were taken away despite a crowd of people who were watching, he said. "Nobody could help the white men because the kidnappers were heavily armed and they threatened to shoot anyone that approached," said the trader.
French President Francois Hollande, speaking during a visit to Greece, warned French citizens in West Africa to avoid putting themselves in dangerous situations. Hollande noted that France is engaged in a military campaign in Mali to push out jihadists who had taken control of the north. Terrorists, he said, "are not just in Mali."
A total of 15 French citizens are currently being held in western Africa — in addition to the seven kidnapped in Cameroon, there is one other in Nigeria and seven thought to be in northern Mali.
A French official close to the embassy in Cameroon said the family was believed to have been taken from northern Cameroon to Nigeria, where on Monday a little-known extremist group called Ansaru claimed responsibility for a separate abduction of seven foreigners.
Boko Haram — which means "Western education is sacrilege" — has launched a guerrilla campaign of bombings and shootings across Nigeria's predominantly Muslim north. It is blamed for at least 792 killings last year alone, according to an AP count. It is known to have ties to al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb, or AQIM, an Algerian-based group that opened a front in Mali.
"If everything is confirmed, this signifies that the fight against terrorist groups is a necessity," Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius said in Paris. "There is a battle to be led by the international community against terrorist groups and narco-terrorists," a reference to the trafficking in drugs, cigarettes and other commodities that has flourished in northern Mali under the extremists.
The latest kidnappings have added to fears of instability and danger toward Westerners. Before Tuesday, there were eight French citizens being held in the region, including one who was taken in Nigeria.
An analysis published Monday by Stratfor, a U.S.-based private global intelligence firm, warned that there likely will be more attacks by Ansaru targeting Westerners and Western interests in Nigeria, as well as neighboring nations.
Associated Press writers Sylvie Corbet, Lori Hinnant and Elaine Ganley contributed to this report from Paris.
Copyright 2013 Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.


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Hi I am Dee. I have and a love/hate relationship with my blog for a couple of years. I would love to take it to the next level and I guess that means I need some followers...www.skideewink.blogspot.com
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Oxford Professor Says Mankind Is Ethically Obligated To Create Genetically Engineered Babies
As we were just talking about the appeals court ruling that isolated genes are still patentable, we will have to begin thinking about how such a ruling will impact our lives. Some groups have decided to go the property rights route to assign ownership of DNA. Others wring their hands over how this will impact medicine. But, now that testing for genetic markers in embryos is in vogue, we can finally ask "what about the children?"
The Telegraph put that question to Professor Julian Savulescu, expert in practical ethics at Oxford, and he states, unequivocally, that not only should the genetic testing of embryos for physical illnesses be allowed, but applying those same tests for behavioral genetic markers is mankind's ethical obligation. It should be noted that, currently, outside of a few accepted tests these screenings are illegal, but Savulescu thinks that needs to change.
"Surely trying to ensure that your children have the best, or a good enough, opportunity for a great life is responsible parenting?" wrote Prof Savulescu, the Uehiro Professor in practical ethics. "So where genetic selection aims to bring out a trait that clearly benefits an individual and society, we should allow parents the choice."
There is a word for this kind of mass-screening, one which you won't hear Savulescu utter, and it is called eugenics. The reason many advocates of this kind of screening won't use that word is because it long ago became associated with Nazi philosophy, even though (as you can read in the Wiki article) many other nations did and still do some flavor of eugenics. The United States, for example, has some jurisdictions where testing for diseases (mostly STDs) that could be passed along to children is a requirement prior to attaining a marriage license. Israel has a program called Dor Yeshorim that tests for a multitude of hereditary diseases like Tay-Sachs and Cystic fibrosis. In China, eugenics has taken a more prominent role, with the PRC's Marriage Law requiring a doctor's approval prior to marriage (harsher language against specific illnesses found in previous iterations of the law have been removed over the years).
But what is different about Savulescu's argument is that we are no longer talking about genetic illnesses in the traditional sense, but instead behavioral genetic markers.
"Indeed, when it comes to screening out personality flaws, such as potential alcoholism, psychopathy and disposition to violence, you could argue that people have a moral obligation to select ethically better children. They are, after all, less likely to harm themselves and others."
This seems to me to be a gross-oversimplification of the role genetics plays in behavior. While we can all spend the next few weeks in a long-form discussion of whether nature or nurture plays the predominant role in behavioral outcomes of children, I think few would disagree that both are aspects that do in fact play some role. And, while Savulescu seems to make his argument matter-of-factly, other bioethicists disagree. Predictably, many of these criticisms focus on Nazi eugenics to extrapolate the entire field, but not all of them.
Biologists, for instance, point to what occurs in small, isolated populations (i.e. the Dodo bird) when a lack of genetic diversity leads directly to a species extinction. They then point out that the combination of allowing for "designer babies" based on widely accepted culturally preferred traits and the perhaps inevitable monoculture that would result would breed a scenario in which mankind was ripe for massive exposure to a single disease.
Add to all of this the potential for inherent socio-economic lines to be drawn in the sand in terms of health, between those that can afford the testing for what are now patentable isolated genes and those that cannot, and you can see where potential abuse and negative consequences loom around every corner.
That said, I refuse to take a luddite approach to genetic testing in general, or even eugenics as a whole. I admit that I write this entire piece without fully understanding where I stand on the issue, aside from what I think is the rather common sense position of advocating caution. Instead, I open the topic to you, the reader, for the comments section.