text:
APIs are the threads that let you stitch together a rich web experience. But this experience has a hard time translating to the browser, where the options for cross-domain requests are limited to techniques like JSON-P (which has limited use due to security concerns) or setting up a custom proxy (which can be a pain to set up and maintain).
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) is a W3C spec that allows cross-domain communication from the browser. By building on top of the XMLHttpRequest object, CORS allows developers to work with the same idioms as same-domain requests.
The use-case for CORS is simple. Imagine the site alice.com has some data that the site bob.com wants to access. This type of request traditionally wouldn't be allowed under the browser's same origin policy. However, by supporting CORS requests, alice.com can add a few special response headers that allows bob.com to access the data.
As you can see from this example, CORS support requires coordination between both the server and client. Luckily, if you are a client-side developer you are shielded from most of these details. The rest of this article shows how clients can make cross-origin requests, and how servers can configure themselves to support CORS.
Making a CORS Request
This section shows how to make a cross-domain request in JavaScript.
Creating the XMLHttpRequest object
CORS is supported in the following browsers:
- Chrome 3+
- Firefox 3.5+
- Opera 12+
- Safari 4+
- Internet Explorer 8+
Chrome, Firefox, Opera and Safari all use the XMLHttpRequest2 object. Internet Explorer uses the similar XDomainRequest object, which works in much the same way as its XMLHttpRequest counterpart, but adds additional security precautions.
To get started, you will first need to create the appropriate request object. Nicholas Zakas wrote a simple helper method to help sort out the browser differences:
function createCORSRequest(method, url) { var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); if ("withCredentials" in xhr) { // Check if the XMLHttpRequest object has a "withCredentials" property. // "withCredentials" only exists on XMLHTTPRequest2 objects. xhr.open(method, url, true); } else if (typeof XDomainRequest != "undefined") { // Otherwise, check if XDomainRequest. // XDomainRequest only exists in IE, and is IE's way of making CORS requests. xhr = new XDomainRequest(); xhr.open(method, url); } else { // Otherwise, CORS is not supported by the browser. xhr = null; } return xhr; } var xhr = createCORSRequest('GET', url); if (!xhr) { throw new Error('CORS not supported'); }
Event handlers
The original XMLHttpRequest object had only one event handler,
onreadystatechange, which handled all responses. Although
onreadystatechange is still available, XMLHttpRequest2 introduces a bunch of new event handlers. Here is a complete list:
|Event Handler
|When the request starts.
|While loading and sending data.
|When the request has been aborted. For instance, by invoking the abort() method.
|When the request has failed.
|When the request has successfully completed.
|When the author specified timeout has passed before the request could complete.
|When the request has completed (either in success or failure).
* starred items are not supported by IE's XDomainRequest
source: http://www.w3.org/TR/XMLHttpRequest2/#events
For most cases, you will at the very least want to handle the
onload and
onerror events:
xhr.onload = function() { var responseText = xhr.responseText; console.log(responseText); // process the response. }; xhr.onerror = function() { console.log('There was an error!'); };
onerror, you will know that an error occurred, but not much else.
Standard CORS requests do not send or set any cookies by default. In order to include cookies as part of the request, you need to set the XMLHttpRequest's
.withCredentials property to true:
xhr.withCredentials = true;
In order for this to work, the server must also enable credentials by setting the Access-Control-Allow-Credentials response header to "true". See the server section for details.
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
.withCredentials property will include any cookies from the remote domain in the request, and it will also set any cookies from the remote domain. Note that these cookies still honor same-origin policies, so your JavaScript code can't access the cookies from document.cookie or the response headers. They can only be controlled by the remote domain.
Making the request
Now that your CORS request is configured, you are ready to make the request. This is done by calling the
send() method:
If the request has a body, it can be specified as an argument to
And thats it! Assuming the server is properly configured to respond to CORS requests, your
onload handler will fire with the response, just like the standard same-domain XHR you are so familiar with.
End-to-End Example
Here is a full working sample of a CORS request. Run the sample and watch the network requests in the browser's debugger to see the actual request being made.
// Create the XHR object. function createCORSRequest(method, url) { var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); if ("withCredentials" in xhr) { // XHR for Chrome/Firefox/Opera/Safari. xhr.open(method, url, true); } else if (typeof XDomainRequest != "undefined") { // XDomainRequest for IE. xhr = new XDomainRequest(); xhr.open(method, url); } else { // CORS not supported. xhr = null; } return xhr; } // Helper method to parse the title tag from the response. function getTitle(text) { return text.match('<title>(.*)?</title>')[1]; } // Make the actual CORS request. function makeCorsRequest() { // This is a sample server that supports CORS. var url = 'http://html5rocks-cors.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/index.html'; var xhr = createCORSRequest('GET', url); if (!xhr) { alert('CORS not supported'); return; } // Response handlers. xhr.onload = function() { var text = xhr.responseText; var title = getTitle(text); alert('Response from CORS request to ' + url + ': ' + title); }; xhr.onerror = function() { alert('Woops, there was an error making the request.'); }; xhr.send(); }
Adding CORS support to the server
Most of the heavy lifting for CORS is handled between the browser and the server. The browser adds some additional headers, and sometimes makes additional requests, during a CORS request on behalf of the client. These additions are hidden from the client (but can be discovered using a packet analyzer such as Wireshark).
Browser manufacturers are responsible for the browser-side implementation. This section explains how a server can configure its headers to support CORS.
Types of CORS requests
Cross-origin requests come in two flavors:
- simple requests
- "not-so-simple requests" (a term I just made up)
- HTTP Method matches (case-sensitive) one of:
- HTTP Headers matches (case-insensitive):
- Accept
- Accept-Language
- Content-Language
- Last-Event-ID
- Content-Type, but only if the value is one of:
- application/x-www-form-urlencoded
- multipart/form-data
- text/plain
Simple requests are characterized as such because they can already be made from a browser without using CORS. For example, a JSON-P request can issue a cross-domain GET request. Or HTML could be used to do a form POST.
Any request that does not meet the criteria above is a not-so-simple request, and requires a little extra communication between the browser and the server (called a preflight request), which we'll get into below.
Handling a simple request
var url = 'http://api.alice.com/cors'; var xhr = createCORSRequest('GET', url); xhr.send();
HTTP Request:
GET /cors HTTP/1.1 Origin: http://api.bob.com Host: api.alice.com Accept-Language: en-US Connection: keep-alive User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0...
The first thing to note is that a valid CORS request *always* contains an Origin header. This Origin header is added by the browser, and can not be controlled by the user. The value of this header is the scheme (e.g. http), domain (e.g. bob.com) and port (included only if it is not a default port, e.g. 81) from which the request originates; for example: http://api.alice.com.
The presence of the Origin header does not necessarily mean that the request is a cross-origin request. While all cross-origin requests will contain an Origin header, some same-origin requests might have one as well. For example, Firefox doesn't include an Origin header on same-origin requests. But Chrome and Safari include an Origin header on same-origin POST/PUT/DELETE requests (same-origin GET requests will not have an Origin header). Here is an example of a same-origin request with an Origin header:
HTTP Request:
POST /cors HTTP/1.1 Origin: http://api.bob.com Host: api.bob.com
The good news is that browsers don't expect CORS response headers on same-origin requests. The response to a same-origin request is sent to user, regardless of whether it has CORS headers or not. However, if your server code returns an error if the Origin doesn't match a list of allowed domains, be sure to include the origin the request comes from.
Here's a valid server response; the CORS-specific headers are bolded
HTTP Response:
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://api.bob.com Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true Access-Control-Expose-Headers: FooBar Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
All CORS related headers are prefixed with "Access-Control-". Here's some more details about each header.
Access-Control-Allow-Origin (required) - This header must be included in all valid CORS responses; omitting the header will cause the CORS request to fail. The value of the header can either echo the Origin request header (as in the example above), or be a '*' to allow requests from any origin. If you'd like any site to be able to access your data, using '*' is fine. But if you'd like finer control over who can access your data, use an actual value in the header.
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials (optional) - By default, cookies are not included in CORS requests. Use this header to indicate that cookies should be included in CORS requests. The only valid value for this header is
true (all lowercase). If you don't need cookies, don't include this header (rather than setting its value to
The Access-Control-Allow-Credentials header works in conjunction with the withCredentials property on the XMLHttpRequest 2 object. Both these properties must be set to
true in order for the CORS request to succeed. If .withCredentials is
true, but there is no
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials header, the request will fail (and vice versa).
Its recommended that you don't set this header unless you are sure you want cookies to be included in CORS requests.
Access-Control-Expose-Headers (optional) - The XMLHttpRequest 2 object has a getResponseHeader() method that returns the value of a particular response header. During a CORS request, the getResponseHeader() method can only access simple response headers. Simple response headers are defined as follows:
- Cache-Control
- Content-Language
- Content-Type
- Expires
- Last-Modified
- Pragma
If you want clients to be able to access other headers, you have to use the
Access-Control-Expose-Headers header. The value of this header is a comma-delimited list of response headers you want to expose to the client.
Handling a not-so-simple request
So that takes care of a simple GET request, but what if you want to do something more? Maybe you want to support other HTTP verbs like PUT or DELETE, or you want to support JSON using Content-Type: application/json. Then you need to handle what we're calling a not-so-simple request.
A not-so-simple request looks like a single request to the client, but it actually consists of two requests under the hood. The browser first issues a preflight request, which is like asking the server for permission to make the actual request. Once permissions have been granted, the browser makes the actual request. The browser handles the details of these two requests transparently. The preflight response can also be cached so that it is not issued on every request.
Here's an example of a not-so-simple request:
var url = 'http://api.alice.com/cors'; var xhr = createCORSRequest('PUT', url); xhr.setRequestHeader( 'X-Custom-Header', 'value'); xhr.send();
Preflight Request:
OPTIONS /cors HTTP/1.1 Origin: http://api.bob.com Access-Control-Request-Method: PUT Access-Control-Request-Headers: X-Custom-Header Host: api.alice.com Accept-Language: en-US Connection: keep-alive User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0...
Like the simple request, the browser adds the Origin header to every request, including the preflight. The preflight request is made as an HTTP OPTIONS request (so be sure your server is able to respond to this method). It also contains a few additional headers:
Access-Control-Request-Method - The HTTP method of the actual request. This request header is always included, even if the HTTP method is a simple HTTP method as defined earlier (GET, POST, HEAD).
Access-Control-Request-Headers - A comma-delimited list of non-simple headers that are included in the request.
The preflight request is a way of asking permissions for the actual request, before making the actual request. The server should inspect the two headers above to verify that both the HTTP method and the requested headers are valid and accepted.
If the HTTP method and headers are valid, the server should respond with the following:
Preflight Request:
OPTIONS /cors HTTP/1.1 Origin: http://api.bob.com Access-Control-Request-Method: PUT Access-Control-Request-Headers: X-Custom-Header Host: api.alice.com Accept-Language: en-US Connection: keep-alive User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0...
Preflight Response:
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://api.bob.com Access-Control-Allow-Methods: GET, POST, PUT Access-Control-Allow-Headers: X-Custom-Header Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Access-Control-Allow-Origin (required) - Like the simple response, the preflight response must include this header.
Access-Control-Allow-Methods (required) - Comma-delimited list of the supported HTTP methods. Note that although the preflight request only asks permisions for a single HTTP method, this reponse header can include the list of all supported HTTP methods. This is helpful because the preflight response may be cached, so a single preflight response can contain details about multiple request types.
Access-Control-Allow-Headers (required if the request has an
Access-Control-Request-Headers header) - Comma-delimited list of the supported request headers. Like the
Access-Control-Allow-Methods header above, this can list all the headers supported by the server (not only the headers requested in the preflight request).
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials (optional) - Same as simple request.
Access-Control-Max-Age (optional) - Making a preflight request on *every* request becomes expensive, since the browser is making two requests for every client request. The value of this header allows the preflight response to be cached for a specified number of seconds.
Once the preflight request gives permissions, the browser makes the actual request. The actual request looks like the simple request, and the response should be processed in the same way:
Actual Request:
PUT /cors HTTP/1.1 Origin: http://api.bob.com Host: api.alice.com X-Custom-Header: value Accept-Language: en-US Connection: keep-alive User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0...
Actual Response:
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://api.bob.com Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
If the server wants to deny the CORS request, it can just return a generic response (like HTTP 200), without any CORS header. The server may want to deny the request if the HTTP method or headers requested in the preflight are not valid. Since there are no CORS-specific headers in the response, the browser assumes the request is invalid, and doesn't make the actual request:
Preflight Request:
OPTIONS /cors HTTP/1.1 Origin: http://api.bob.com Access-Control-Request-Method: PUT Access-Control-Request-Headers: X-Custom-Header Host: api.alice.com Accept-Language: en-US Connection: keep-alive User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0...
Preflight Response:
// ERROR - No CORS headers, this is an invalid request! Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
If there is an error in the CORS request, the browser will fire the client's
onerror event handler. It will also print the following error to the console log:
XMLHttpRequest cannot load http://api.alice.com. Origin http://api.bob.com is not allowed by Access-Control-Allow-Origin.
The browser doesn't give you a lot of details on why the error occurred, it only tells you that something went wrong.
A word about security
While CORS lays the groundwork for making cross-domain requests, the CORS headers are not a substitute for sound security practices. You shouldn't rely on the CORS header for securing resources on your site. Use the CORS headers to give the browser directions on cross-domain access, but use some other security mechanism, such as cookies or OAuth2, if you need additional security restrictions on your content.
CORS from JQuery
$.ajax() method can be used to make both regular XHR and CORS requests. A few notes about JQuery's implementation:
- JQuery's CORS implementation doesn't support IE's XDomainRequest object. But there are JQuery plugins that enable this. See http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/8283 for details.
- The
$.support.corsboolean will be set to
trueif the browser supports CORS (This returns
falsein IE, see bullet above). This can be a quick way to check for CORS support.
Here's sample code for making a CORS request with JQuery. The comments give more details on how certain properties interact with CORS.
$.ajax({ // The 'type' property sets the HTTP method. // A value of 'PUT' or 'DELETE' will trigger a preflight request. type: 'GET', // The URL to make the request to. url: 'http://html5rocks-cors.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/index.html', // The 'contentType' property sets the 'Content-Type' header. // The JQuery default for this property is // 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8', which does not trigger // a preflight. If you set this value to anything other than // application/x-www-form-urlencoded, multipart/form-data, or text/plain, // you will trigger a preflight request. contentType: 'text/plain', xhrFields: { // The 'xhrFields' property sets additional fields on the XMLHttpRequest. // This can be used to set the 'withCredentials' property. // Set the value to 'true' if you'd like to pass cookies to the server. // If this is enabled, your server must respond with the header // 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true'. withCredentials: false }, headers: { // Set any custom headers here. // If you set any non-simple headers, your server must include these // headers in the 'Access-Control-Allow-Headers' response header. }, success: function() { // Here's where you handle a successful response. }, error: function() { // Here's where you handle an error response. // Note that if the error was due to a CORS issue, // this function will still fire, but there won't be any additional // information about the error. } });
Cross-Domain from Chrome Extensions
Chrome extensions support cross-domain requests in a two different ways:
Include domain in manifest.json - Chrome extensions can make cross-domain requests to any domain *if* the domain is included in the "permissions" section of the manifest.json file:
"permissions": [ "http://*.html5rocks.com"]The server doesn't need to include any additional CORS headers or do any more work in order for the request to succeed.
- CORS request - If the domain is not in the manifest.json file, then the Chrome extension makes a standard CORS request. The value of the Origin header is "chrome-extension://[CHROME EXTENSION ID]". This means requests from Chrome extensions are subject to the same CORS rules described in this article.
Known Issues
CORS support is still being actively developed in all browsers; here's a list of known issues (as of 10/2/2013):
XMLHttpRequests' getAllResponseHeaders() doesn't honor Access-Control-Expose-Headers - Firefox doesn't return response headers when calling getAllResponseHeaders(). (Firefox bug). A similar bug in WebKit has been fixed.
- No error information provided to onerror handler - When the onerror handler is fired, the status code is 0, and there is no statusText. This may be by design, but it can be confusing when trying to debug why CORS requests are failing.
CORS Server Flowchart
The flowchart below shows how a server should make the decisions as to which headers to add to a CORS response. Click the image to see a larger version.
CORS w/ Images
In Canvas and WebGL contexts, cross origin images can pose big problems. You can use the crossOrigin attribute on the image element to address much of them. Read Chromium Blog: Using Cross-domain images in WebGL and Mozilla Hacks: Using CORS to load WebGL textures from cross-domain images for the details. Implementation specifics can be found at the MDN page for CORS-enabled Image.
Here are some resources if you'd like to learn more about CORS:
- The CORS Spec
- A good intro to CORS from Nicholas Zakas
- enable-cors.org - More details on how to enable CORS on your server.


text:
WASHINGTON (NNS) -- Adm. Frank Kelso II, 79, former Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), died Sunday, June 23, 2013, following injuries sustained from a fall earlier in the week.
Kelso, a native of Fayetteville, Tenn., served as Chief of Naval Operations from June 29, 1990 until April 23, 1994.
As the Chief of Naval Operations and throughout his career as a naval officer, Kelso was renowned for his intelligence, integrity and upstanding character.
"Adm. Kelso was a submariner, an accomplished commander, and an unmatched leader known for his intelligence and integrity. The thoughts of the 900,000 Sailors, Marines and civilians who make up the Department of the Navy go out to our fallen shipmate and his family. Semper Fortis," said Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV) Ray Mabus.
"Adm. Frank Kelso's bold leadership and innovative thinking guided the Navy through times of war and significant draw-down at the end of the Cold War. The ability to cut against the grain and find new and creative solutions for the Navy are what set Admiral Kelso apart from his peers. It was his strength of character and sure-fire integrity that ensured his success as a former CNO and to a higher degree solidified the formidable legacy of a great life that Admiral Frank Kelso leaves behind. It was an honor to have served with him and we are a better Navy due to his leadership and faithful commitment to our Sailors, civilians and their families," said U.S. Navy Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Jonathan W. Greenert.
Kelso eventually returned to live in Fayetteville, Tenn., in 2003, a decade after retiring from the Navy.
He was the third of three submariners in a row who served as CNO in in the 1980s and '90s. As CNO he led the Navy in a period of significant drawdown of U.S. naval forces in the wake of the end of the Cold War and the ballyhooed "peace dividend." Concurrently, he oversaw the introduction of new platforms and systems that improved capabilities, including precision strike operations. The nation persistently called on the naval capabilities throughout his tour, starting with Operation Desert Storm.
As CNO, he also oversaw revolutionary changes within the OPNAV staff and profoundly changed the means by which the Navy processed and made decisions. In keeping with joint staff practices, he changed "OP" codes to "N" codes, and the staff was reorganized to align with a "Napoleonic" arrangement used by both the Army and the Joint Staff. In a period of dramatic change, he helped to transform not merely the organization, but also the processes by which information could be shared and considered. He is credited with dramatically changing the means by which more informed decisions could be made by the Navy.
Kelso was a strong advocate for the integration of women, particularly in the wake of the 1991 Tailhook Convention during which numerous incidents of sexual assault and harassment were found to have occurred.
During his tour as Commander of the Navy's Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean Sea, members of the Palestine Liberation Front hijacked the cruise ship Achille Lauro and had killed a disabled passenger. When their demands were not met, they negotiated safe refuge and were flown towards Tunisia aboard an Egyptian commercial airliner. The plane was intercepted by U.S. Navy F-14 Tomcats and forced to land in Sigonella, Sicily, where the hijackers were arrested and later tried for murder.
In March of 1986 the U.S. initiated a series of 'Freedom of Navigation' exercises in the Gulf of Sidra that challenged Libyan leader's Col. Muammar al-Qadhafi "line of death" that spanned the Gulf of Sidra. Then Vice Adm. Kelso deployed elements of Task Force 60 including America (CV 66), Coral Sea (CV 43), and Saratoga (CV 60) with upward of 250 aircraft and 26 ships and submarines across the line and triggered Libyan action. Ultimately naval aircraft completed 1,546 sorties in support of the successful operation.
Then in April of that year, following additional terrorist attacks sponsored by al-Qadhafi, the U.S. launched Operation El Dorado Canyon-attacks against Libyan military targets. Under Kelso, U.S. aircraft attacked three target areas near Tripoli. Jets also bombed the al-Jamahiriyyah barracks and Benina Airfield, both near Benghazi.
Kelso got his start in public school and the University of the South in Sewanee, Tenn., prior to entering the U.S. Naval Academy in 1952. Following graduation in 1956, he served in the cargo ship USS Oglethorpe (AKA 100) before attending Submarine School in 1958. On completion of training, he was assigned to the submarine USS Sabalo (SS 302) before returning to Submarine School for nuclear power training in January 1960. He then served one year in the Nuclear Power Department at the school. Subsequent tours included the pre-commissioning crew of the nuclear-powered attack submarine USS Pollack (SSN 603), Engineering Officer aboard USS Daniel Webster (SSBN 626) and Executive Officer of USS Sculpin (SSN 590).
From January 1969 to August 1971, Kelso served as Commanding Officer, U.S. Naval Nuclear Power School in Bainbridge, Md. Following tours included Commanding Officer, USS Finback (SSN 670); Staff of Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet; and Commanding Officer, USS Bluefish (SSN 675). Adm. Kelso was then assigned as Executive Assistant to the Commander in Chief, U.S. Atlantic Command and U.S. Atlantic Fleet and Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic from September 1975 to July 1977.
He served as Commander, Submarine Squadron SEVEN until reporting as Division Director, Submarine Distribution Division in the Naval Military Personnel Command, and Section Head of the Submarine Programs Section in the Office of the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Manpower, Personnel and Training) in September 1978.
He was selected for promotion to the rank of rear admiral in February 1980.
Upon selection for flag rank, Admiral Kelso served as Director, Strategic Submarine Division, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, and then was assigned as Director, Office of Program Appraisal, Office of the Secretary of the Navy. On February 8, 1985, Adm. Kelso became Commander 6th Fleet and NATO Commander Naval Striking Force and Support Forces Southern Europe. On June 30, 1986, Adm. Kelso was promoted to admiral and assumed the duties of Commander in Chief, U.S. Atlantic Fleet. Admiral Kelso became Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic and Commander in Chief, U.S. Atlantic Command on November 22, 1988. He became the Navy's 24th Chief of Naval Operations on June 29, 1990.
Adm. Kelso has been awarded the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal (three awards), Legion of Merit (four awards), Meritorious Service, Navy Commendation and Navy Achievement Medals.
He is survived by his second wife, Georgeanna, his four children and numerous grandchildren. Landess McCown, his first wife of 56 years, passed away in 2012.
Kelso, who would have been 80 on July 11, 2013, will be buried in Fayetteville in the historic Rose Hill Cemetery on Saturday.
Complete text of statements from Secretary of the Navy Ray Mabus and Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Jonathan Greenert on the passing of Adm. Kelso is available at http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=75026

subset: commoncrawl


text: Any package containing relocatable objects is referred to as a relocatable package. This can be misleading because a relocatable package may contain absolute paths in its pkgmap file. Using a root (/) entry in a pkgmap file can enhance the relocatable aspects of the package. Packages that have both relocatable and root entries are called composite packages.


text:
Friday, February 18 2005
"Show No.47"
Correspondent: Chris Hansen
Story Summary: Caught on video by hidden cameras and microphones, Dateline takes an in-depth look at ordinary people trying to hire hit men. This hour-long report will tell the stories of four people trying to hire hit men, which turned out to be undercover police detectives.
The four stories include:
-The case of Dr. David Mackay, a noted surgeon who tried to hire a hit man to kill a business associate. Dateline will have the first interview with the undercover officer who posed as the hit man.
-The case of Kenneth Pollak who hired a hit man to kill his ex-wife. She worked undercover with detectives and posed dead for a photograph that was delivered to her ex-husband. Dateline has the
first extensive interview with her and their children.
-The case of Jay Roach who was embroiled in a bitter divorce and hired a hit man to kill his wife. Dateline will have an interview with his wife, and first-ever interview with the kids.
Plus one additional story tba


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November 23, 2015
LONDON, November 23, 2015 — Covington represented Allergy Therapeutics, the AIM-listed specialty pharmaceutical company specializing in allergy vaccines, in the placement of ordinary shares raising approximately £11.5 million. The placement was conducted through an accelerated bookbuilding process with Panmure Gordon & Co acting as financial adviser, nominated ...
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text:
A surname, also known as a last name or family name, is a fixed name shared in common with the members of a family and is passed down from generation to generation.
The use of a surname is relatively new in history and was adopted in order to legally distinguish two individuals with the same first name.
At first, these last names were not passed down to the next generation.
The Chinese were among the very first cultures to adopt the use of hereditary surnames about 5000 years ago. In Europe, surnames weren't used until the 10th or 11th centuries AD in Venice. Gradually throughout Europe, all nobility and gentry adopted surnames until eventually surnames were used by all Europeans of all classes.
What does my last name mean? If you have ever wondered about the meaning of your last name, where your family lived, what they did, or how they looked, you may find your surname may answer some of these questions about your ancestors from many hundreds of years ago.
Surnames were generally derived from one of four sources:
1) Patronymic (from the first name of father).
Peters - son of Peter (English, German)
Peterson - son of Peter (Swedish)
Petersen - son of Peter (Danish)
O'Reilly - grandson of Reilly (Ireland)
Mc- /Mac- - son of (Scottish)
d'- / di- - son of (Italian)
-ez / -es - son of (Spanish / Portuguese)
-wicz - son of (Poland)
Fitz- - son of (Old English - sometimes incorrectly associated with being an illegitimate)
2) Lives near locality or place.
KirkPatrick - Church (kirk) of St. Patrick
Cliff - steep hill
Fairholm - the fair island
Ashley - field surrounded by ash trees
3) Occupation or social status.
Cooper - barrel maker
Wagner or Waggoner - wagon maker
Knight - knighthood conferred by the king
Smith - blacksmith
Powers - poor or taken a vow of poverty
4) Nicknames describing person or personality.
Reid - red, ruddy complexion or red hair
Stout - Body size
Small - Body size
Armstrong - strong arms
Sharpe - sharp, smart
Surname spelling has evolved over centuries and until the 20th century, the spelling of a surname was not fixed. Before then, it was not unusual to see the same person's surname spelled in different ways from record to record. In the 1800's and before, when many people were illiterate, names were written by clerks, officials, and priests as they heard the name pronounced. This lead to different spellings for the same name. Spelling continued to evolve until this century. So as you are looking for your surname history, it is important to check out spelling variations.
Don't assume your surname was always spelled the way it is spelled today. If you can't find your surname origin on this website, look for a sound-alike surname. You can check for alternate spellings of a surname at the soundex (sound-alike) machine.
-by Kathi Reid


text: Transportation & Infrastructure Committee Share: Name: Transportation & Infrastructure Committee Date: October 29, 2019 Time: 9:00 AM - 10:00 AM MST Event Description: To Current Calendar Location: GPC Office Building Board Room 201 N. Central Ave. Ste. 2700 Phoenix, AZ 85004 Parking Information: Parking in the Chase Tower Garage located on First Street, between Van Buren and Monroe streets. Sign may read "Key Card Holders Only", please disregard and let the guard know you are attending a GPC meeting. Bring your parking ticket to the front desk for validation. Date/Time Information: Tuesday, October 29, 2019 9 a.m. Contact Information: RSVP to Jen Springman 602-495-6497 Send an Email Set a Reminder: Enter your email address below to receive a reminder message. -- Select Days Before Event -- 1 Day 2 Days 3 Days 1 Week To Current Calendar Business Directory Events Calendar Hot Deals Job Postings Contact Us Weather Join The Chamber


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The ultimate high-stakes gamble pits one person's life against the entire kingdom of Joseon!
Dae Gil (Jang Geun Suk) is a royal blood but is forced to grow up among the commoners. He becomes Joseon's best swindler and gambler who harbors great resentment against the establishment. Dam Seo (Lim Ji Yeon) also has grown up with the sole purpose of seeking revenge against King Young Jo (Yeo Jin Goo) and methodically works her way into the palace to achieve her goal.
When Dae Gil is able to enter the ultimate high-stakes match with the cool-headed King Young Jo, will Dae Gil lose his life or will King Young Jo lose the kingdom?
"Jackpot" is a 2016 South Korean drama series directed by Nam Gun.
This show does not have any episodes


text:
Kitchen Cabinet Options - If you could only choose one room in your home to put your heart and soul.
In this post, we've all got some sort of idea of how our dream home might look. Latest design wallpaper and photos bring to you the inspiring idea that you need to ensure you're stylish. Find what you're looking for in Home Ideas Cool. We bring to you inspiring visuals of cool homes, specific spaces, and new design trends.
We help people visualize, inspiration, and design tips for your Kitchen design and get ideas and advice for designing your own space, you can find it all here.
We love Kitchen and all the inspiring pictures to realize some of your greatest home design. Get Kitchen Cabinet Options at Home Ideas Cool.


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Near-miss asteroid a wake-up call, experts say
Tumbling through space, a rock about the size of a yacht will pass "thisclose" to the Earth at 2:24 p.m. Friday.
There's no chance it will hit us, so don't pillage your 401(k) plan in hopes of spending your final moments at the wheel of a stretch Mercedes.
But to the astronomers who study these near-Earth asteroids, 2012 DA14 -- its official name -- is a reminder that humanity clings to our planet only because the Earth has been relatively lucky since hominids began walking on two legs about 2 million years ago.
The thousands of meteor impacts since then have been hum-drum affairs for the most part. A major impact could have wiped out the human race and even most complex life along with it.
In fact, one almost did.
"The greatest mass extinction event for North America occurred about 13,000 years ago, probably by a comet that exploded over the continent," said Charles Scovil, chief astronomer at the Stamford Museum and Nature Center.
"Basically, it just about wiped out everything," he said. "There's a layer of ash in the soils nationwide in about that time frame."
If a similar event occurred over Africa before humans began their migration into Asia and Europe, it could have easily put an end to our species, he said.
And let's not forget that our moon is a reminder of the Earth's collision with a Mars-sized planet about 4 billion years ago.
"That's the leading theory on how the moon got there," said Elliott Horch, associate professor of physics at Southern Connecticut State University in New Haven.
He said that early in his career, he was offered a position in the military tracking near-Earth objects.
"Since then, they've tracked about 97 percent of the objects," he said. "None will hit us, but there will be some close calls."
So, if 2012 DA14 were to smack into our planet, what would happen?
"It would be something like the Tunguska event in 1908," said Davis Mestre, the director of space science education for the Discovery Museum in Bridgeport. "That flattened about 800 square miles of Siberian forest."
It's believed the Tunguska event was caused by a meteor or comet that vaporized almost instantly after colliding with the atmosphere. The resulting explosion was about 1,000 times more powerful than the A-bomb dropped on Hiroshima.
"It would be big, but it wouldn't destroy the planet," said SCSU astronomy professor Jim Fullmer.
Friday's asteroid -- jetsam left over from the formation of the Solar System 4.5 billion years ago -- will pass within 17,200 miles of Earth, well within the ring of geosynchronous satellites and many times closer than the moon.
"It's possible that it might take out a satellite," Scovil said.
Is it possible that astronomers are wrong about 2012 DA14's trajectory?
"The equations are pretty well known, and there's no air friction to foul things up," assured Fullmer.
As for seeing the object, Scovil said that viewing the object from North America will be all but impossible.
The observatory at the Stamford Museum has the third-largest and "by far the best" telescope in Connecticut, a 22-inch Maksutov-Cassegrain, but even that won't be of much help, Scovil said.
"We're behaving a program on asteroids Friday night at 7 o'clock," he said. "But unfortunately, it'll be below the horizon the whole time. In fact, we can't see it because it's too close. If it were farther away, we'd be able to see it."
So if a large asteroid or comet were on a collision course with Earth, could anything be done?
The popular Hollywood solution, to blow up the object with an H-bomb, wouldn't work, experts say.
Ideally, the object's collision course could be calculated many years, even decades in advance.
"The idea would be to send out a ship that would act as a tug," said Mestre. "Since the space ship has mass, it has a gravitational field, albeit a very small one."
This tiny bit of gravity can be used to nudge the object into a safer orbit.
But this raises some interesting ethical questions, he said, because such a mission might have to begin a century or more ahead of the predicted impact, and it would cost billions of dollars.
"Should people living today spend a lot of money to save people living a century or more from now?" Mestre asked rhetorically.
And if you think that tiny Connecticut is too small a target to be visited by a space object, think again.
On Dec. 14, 1807, the so-called Weston Meteorite landed in what is now Easton.
It was the first time an object from outer space was known with certainty to have landed in the United States. It sparked development of the sciences in this country, which at the time was largely a bible-centered society.
As for the meteor, bits of it are all over the place today, according to author Cathryn J. Prince, whose book, "A Professor, a President and a Meteor: The Birth of American Science," chronicles the event and its aftermath.
"There's a piece at Harvard, the Smithsonian has a piece, there is a chunk in the Hayden Planetarium (in New York), the Peabody Museum has a piece and Yale has a piece in a filing cabinet in the basement," she said. "Just like in `Raiders of the Lost Ark.' "
firstname.lastname@example.com; 203-330-6403; http://twitter.com/johnburgeson


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The young women compete in three areas: interview, speech and horsmanship. Speech and horsemanship events are open to the public to watch.
A queen, a princess, and two attendants will be crowned to represent the San Juan County Fair, which opens with the Blue Mountain Round-up Rodeo August 5.
Contestants competing in the Senior division are Erika Grover, 18, and Amanda Grover, 15, daughters of Erik and Janalee Grover of Blanding; Loren Randall, 18, daughter of Sanford and Laurie Randall of Monticello; Taralee Frost, 15, daughter of Alan and Debbie Frost of Monticello; and Abigail Hatcher, 17, daughter of Keith and Rachael Hatcher of Blanding.
Contestants competing in the Junior division are Kiley Tracy, 10, daughter of Charley and Kim Tracy of Monticello; Megan Grover, 12, daughter of Preston and Tara Grover of Blanding; Krista Grover, 13, daughter of Erik and Janalee Grover of Blanding; and Kylee Fullmer, 14, and Shelby Fullmer, 12, daughters of Kyle and Melissa Fullmer of Monticello.


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The BabyStyle Oyster 2 Pushchair in Mirror/Black Tungsten Grey is a stylish, functional pushchair, suitable from birth. It features a multi-position reclining seat, that includes a lay-flat position specifically designed for newborns. The 5-point safety harness comes fully equipped with chest pads to keep your baby snugly secure when out and about and a main seat raincover is included to protect your baby from the elements.
To tackle tricky terrain, the Oyster 2 Pushchair in Mirror/Black Tungsten Grey gives you lockable front swivel wheels, that can be easily released thanks to a quick release button, as well as puncture proof tyres to ensure that you're safe and stable at all times. The removable bumper bar gives an added element of safety and provides you with easy access to your child when you need it. The footrest can be adjusted to accommodate for shorter or longer legs, providing your little one with ultimate comfort, too.
Underneath the seat, you will find a large shopping basket to store your groceries and essential bits and bobs. The BabyStyle Oyster 2 Pushchair in Mirror/Black Tungsten Grey even has a compact fold for quick, simple storage.
- suitable from birth
- multi-recline seat including newborn lay-flat position
- 5-point safety harness with chest pads
- compact fold
- lockable front swivel wheels with puncture proof tyres
- quick release wheels
- adjustable footrest
- removable bumper bar
- main seat raincover included
- large shopping basket
Suitability: From Birth
Seat Area: L26cm x W30cm
Handle Height: 103-115cm
Width: 60cm
Folded Wheels: L56cm x W60cm x H80cm
Folded Without Wheels: L48cm x W49cm x H80cm
Chassis & Main Seat Weight: 12.5kg
We aim to dispatch all "available for immediate dispatch" orders placed by 12pm the same working day. Exceptions include made to order items for example some nursery furniture or direct ship items sent by the manufacturer directly to the customer. In these cases an approximate delivery schedule is shown next to the product.
Our standard delivery cost is £4.99 for orders under £49.99. Orders over £49.99 is free of charge. Exceptions apply please view our Delivery & Dispatch page for detals.
Any items "available for immediate dispatch" will have the choice of standard delivery (2-3 working days) or express delivery (1-2 working days) this can be selected during the checkout process.
Orders for delivery to select Scottish post codes and Scottish Highlands, UK Islands & Northern Ireland may incur additional costs. These schedules would exclude made to order and direct ship items.
Please note that some nursery furniture deliveries will be to the customer's door, this may exclude internal apartment doors.
For more information please click here.
We offer a 14 day return policy allowing you to decide if the goods are as expected. During this time you may return the goods at your expense or request collection with our courier company at a cost of £18 per parcel. If the item has been used you will be unable to return the item under distance selling regulations.
Any damage in transit of shortages must be reported with 48 hours of receipt of the goods after this time claims will not be accepted.
Tutti Bambini Returns:
You can request to return a Tutti Bambini item within 28 days of delivery providing the item is in its original packaging and in pristine condition. The Following charges will apply dependent on the original delivery method:
- Single items weighing less than 15kg- £15.00
- Single items weighing more than 15kg- £25.00
- Non-assembled room sets- £50.00
- Assembled room sets- £150.00
For non-assembled and assembled room sets, the above charges will also apply if the customer is not present to receive delivery.
For more detailed information please read our terms and conditions.
Nursery Furniture
Wood samples are available upon request.
Delivery of nursery furniture to certain locations within the United Kingdom may be restricted. For example Isle of Wight, Isle of Man, certain Scottish postcodes, Highlands & Islands, and Northern Ireland.
For our furniture terms and conditions of sale please refer to our terms and conditions page under the section Nursery Furniture Return Conditions


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The Forex world is constantly evolving and during its weekly trading hours there is a wealth of news a trader must keep on top of if they want to make the most money possible. Indeed, because the market can be affected by a number of dynamics, it is essential they know exactly what's happening at all times in order to avoid any unprofitable deals.
For example, let's assume the US Dollar is trading well against the Great British Pound during the first half of the week. This would be a good time to invest some money and reap the benefits of a positive market condition. However, by Wednesday a series of negative news stories emerge from the UK and affect the country's economic performance. These dynamics then adversely affects how well the two currencies are trading. At this point it's important to know what's just happened because it will influence whether or not someone should cease trading this currency pair for a while or continue.
Knowing the value of each currency based on various internal and external factors is crucial and the reason why FXBrokerSearch.com's Forex news centre is a vital resource. Drawing on a number of resources, our information section provides the latest information and data from which users can refine their trading activity.
Beyond shifts in the currency market itself, FXBrokerSearch.com's new section has been designed to give traders an insight into the best offers and promotions. By monitoring each of our 200+ Forex brokers we're able to quickly tell users about the latest updates and bonuses.
By compiling all this current data into one portal we believe investors will be able to make even more money in the Forex market. Indeed, thanks to our dedicated team of analysts and experts, users can find out the latest market developments as well as the best deals in the industry. Putting all this together should help everyone gain a better understanding of the market, which in turn should give them the ability to make even more money.
Looking for high yields? This trio of stocks with yields of 6% or more should be on your watchlist today. ..
Attorney General Jeff Sessions is exploring the possibility of an investigation into US tech giants, Bloomberg reported. Sessions will be briefed on September 25 by Republica ..
David Novak, oGoLead founder and former Yum Brands CEO, speaks to the "Squawk Box" team about the issues around toxic leadership and President Trump's own leadership ..
Attention, pre-retirees and new claimants: This concerns you! ..
Jennifer Thayer, a top manager at Lowe's Co., has worked through so many hurricanes for the home improvement chain that coworkers kid her about the storms following her around ..
World markets were mixed Wednesday as investors focused on trade tensions, with China delaying licenses to American businesses ahead of expected tariffs from Washington. The ..
The oil and gas midstream giant has been a great company to own over the years, but is the stock worth buying now? ..
Defense stocks have had an incredible multiyear run. There are still opportunities. ..
The embattled biotech Goliath notched a key victory on Tuesday. ..
After Its Serena Williams Cartoon Was Called Racist, News Corp Newspaper Puts It on the Front Page ..
Risk Disclosure: fxBrokerSearch.com will not be held liable for any financial loss or damage caused by users acting upon any information contained within this website, not limited to and including: all numerical data, quotes, charts and buy/sell signals. Moreover, please be advised that Forex trading is one of the most volatile investment forms in the world and all trades should be placed with full consideration of the risks and costs.
fxBrokerSearch.com does not support nor encourage the execution of any investments. Trading with a margin is high risk endeavour and not suitable for everyone, therefore, each investor should carefully consider all relevant trading conditions, such as experience, risk and cost, before taking part in any type of trading, including Forex.
While every effort has been made to ensure all our data is as accurate as possible, fxBrokerSearch.com cannot be held responsible for any prices that are not in line with real-time data. Indeed, the currency exchange market is constantly changing and all CFDs (stocks, indexes, futures) and Forex prices are set by market makers.
This means advertised prices may not be accurate and could differ from the actual market conditions. For this reason it is not appropriate to rely on any data presented by fxBrokerSearch.com for the purposes of trading.
Based on these conditions, fxBrokerSearch.com will not be held responsible for any losses incurred through trades conducted in light of data presented on this site.


text:
Now buy per issue, or subscribe
- Get the digital edition of Autosport each week for $3.99
- Create your own personal digital magazine archive
- NEVER miss an issue, anywhere in the world
- Stay up to date with the latest F1 news, analysis and comment
You can now buy the world's best weekly motorsport magazine digitally every week.
It will be available for download each Thursday morning, bringing you the very latest global motorsport news, results, analysis and comment.
Save money by purchasing an annual digital subscription. This includes access to Autosport+ – our exclusive online content.
Buying your digital issue: how it works
- When you buy your first digital issue, we'll email you a unique user name and password
- Use this to log in to Autosport.com
- You can then read your issue whenever you like, for ever
- Download the magazine in PDF format to read off-line and on devices such as the iPad
- Create your own unique archive page, where you can keep every digital issue of Autosport you buy – all your back issues, accessible instantly, 24/7
Further help
For further help, please email us your question here
For instructions on using the digital issue with an iPad, click here
Click here to view a sample issue (Aug 18 2011).
Click here to download a sample PDF (Aug 18 2011).


text:
TORCH Gallery
Lauriergracht 94
The Netherlands
E: email@example.com
Opening hours:
Thursday - Friday - Saturday from 12:00 till 18:00 (12 - 6pm)
And by appointment.
TORCH books
The list of publications on the website is kept up to date as much as possible. Still, some items can be out of stock because of small editions. If you would like further information about TORCH books, specific publications or have general requests or remarks, please contact us through the form below. You can also send specific questions and orders to: email@example.com.
For book orders:
Please include you full name and adress into the box below.
The full title(s) and number of books you would like to purchase.
Where applicable include the version/edition of the publication.
PLease let us know if you wish to pay through PayPal.
We will send you further payment information after your request has been processed.
We calculate the following costs for Shipping & handling :Netherlands: 8,-
International: 20,-
(these costs may vary between regions, we will notify you in case of increased costs)


text:
I know this is an old article but you get the point. das
Quote:Guns Save Liveshttp://www.realclearpolitics.com/article...17747.html
By Thomas Sowell - April 2, 2013
We all know that guns can cost lives because the media repeat this message endlessly, as if we could not figure it out for ourselves. But even someone who reads newspapers regularly and watches numerous television newscasts may never learn that guns also save lives-- much less see any hard facts comparing how many lives are lost and how many are saved.
But that trade-off is the real issue, not the Second Amendment or the National Rifle Association, which so many in the media obsess about. If guns cost more lives than they save, we can always repeal the Second Amendment. But if guns save more lives than they cost, we need to know that, instead of spending time demonizing the National Rifle Association.
The defensive use of guns is usually either not discussed at all in the media or else is depicted as if it means bullets flying in all directions, like the gunfight at the OK Corral. But most defensive uses of guns do not involve actually pulling the trigger.
If someone comes at you with a knife and you point a gun at him, he is very unlikely to keep coming, and far more likely to head in the other direction, perhaps in some haste, if he has a brain in his head. Only if he is an idiot are you likely to have to pull the trigger. And if he is an idiot with a knife coming after you, you had better have a trigger to pull.
Surveys of American gun owners have found that 4 to 6 percent reported using a gun in self-defense within the previous five years. That is not a very high percentage but, in a country with 300 million people, that works out to hundreds of thousands of defensive uses of guns per year.
das, proud to be a member of pa2a.org since Sep 2012.


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Inspired by the shadows it casts, the Silhouette Lamp is unassuming and elegant.
Turn it to its side, and you might mistake it for a coat rack because it's so slender. It uses an acrylic shade that doesn't look like a shade at all. Its unexpected design was actually intended for smaller homes where you might need a subtle ways to break the space up. And what a nice way to do so. Not available yet, but the designer, Wewood says it's coming soon. [Diogo Frias]


text:
Find an SKF location
SKF location map
- Fill in your city, state and /or postal zip code below to find an SKF location near you
- You can filter your search by Country, City and/or State
- Your results will show on the bottom right. If you prefer to search by list, go to Find an SKF location by list.
Please note: only the states and/or cities where an SKF location exists will be displayed.
If you prefer to search by list, go to SKF location by list.
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text:
Find Our Latest Video Reviews on YouTube!
If you want to stay on top of all of our video reviews of the latest tech, be sure to check out and subscribe to the Gear Live YouTube channel, hosted by Andru Edwards! It's free!
Tuesday August 19, 2008 12:49 pm
Will There Be an Internet Death?
Posted by Sheila Franklin Categories: Internet
Have you ever wondered if the Internet will run out? We have and noted that others are concerned as well. Arbor Networks recently measured interdomains IPv4 and IPv6 traffic. We won't bore you with all the vital statistics, but suffice it to say the the end of IPv4 may come by 2011. Arbor claims that there must be a shift to IPv6 to allow "a total of 340 billion billion billion billion addresses" before that time by either the government or large corporations, but that hasn't happened yet.
As a footnote, if you would like to find out if you will make it to the Internet's demise, check out The Death Clock, a clever little application that may make you change your evil ways of smoking and eating too much.
Read More | PC Mag
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text:
Chemical Engineering
Chemical engineers use mathematics and science, especially chemistry, to design sustainable materials and manufacturing processes that will maximize and enhance our quality of life. They also have extensive roles in petroleum engineering, energy supply, environmental protection, and biotechnology. Chemical engineers also work in specialty areas such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverage processing, and textiles.Their skills and expertise are also valued in fields like finance, medicine, law, education, and other areas that rely on high level analytical, technical, and social skills.
The opportunities to impact the lives of thousands are vast – a chemical engineer could have a career designing softer and more durable clothing, developing a life-saving pharmaceutical, or develop the next source of alternative energy. An important aspect of a chemical engineer's job involves the proper management, treatment and disposal of any hazardous materials, wastes or byproducts that may result from the chemical manufacturing process.
Possible Career Paths and Specializations
Chemical Engineer
Petroleum Engineer
Environmental Engineer
Materials Engineer
Pre-Med and Health Care Opportunities
Resources available at the Career Center*
Career Opportunities in Engineering
Careers in Engineering
Careers in Science
Engineering Your Future
Great Jobs for Chemistry Majors
Opportunities in Chemistry Careers
Opportunities in Engineering Careers
*Books are available for checkout.
Related chemical engineering links
K-State Department of Chemical Engineering
American Institute of Chemical Engineers
Chemical and Engineering News
Institution of Chemical Engineers
National Society of Professional Engineers
Sloan Career Cornerstone Center
Engineering Career Resources
Discover Engineering
Society of Women Engineers
American Society for Engineering Education
K-State's Chemical Engineering program is accredited under the General Criteria by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET.


text:
1. The sages expounded in the language of the Mishnah (blessed is He who chose them and their learning):
Rabbi Meir would say: Whoever studies Torah for Torah's sake alone, merits many things; not only that, but [the creation of] the entire world is worthwhile for him alone. He is called friend, beloved, lover of G‑d, lover of humanity, rejoicer of G‑d, rejoicer of humanity. The Torah enclothes him with humility and awe; makes him fit to be righteous, pious, correct and faithful; distances him from sin and brings him close to merit. From him, people enjoy counsel and wisdom, understanding and power, as is stated (Proverbs 8:14): "Mine are counsel and wisdom, I am understanding, mine is power." The Torah grants him sovereignty, dominion, and jurisprudence. The Torah's secrets are revealed to him, and he becomes as an ever-increasing wellspring and as an unceasing river. He becomes modest, patient and forgiving of insults. The Torah uplifts him and makes him greater than all creations.
2. Said Rabbi Joshua the son of Levi: Every day, an echo resounds from Mount Horeb (Sinai) proclaiming and saying: "Woe is to the creatures who insult the Torah." For one who does not occupy himself in Torah is considered an outcast, as is stated (Proverbs 11:22), "A golden nose-ring in the snout of a swine, a beautiful woman bereft of reason." And it says (Exodus 32:16): "And the tablets are the work of G‑d, and the writing is G‑d's writing, engraved on the tablets"; read not "engraved" (charut) but "liberty" (chairut)---for there is no free individual, except for he who occupies himself with the study of Torah. And whoever occupies himself with the study of Torah is elevated, as is stated (Number 21:19), "And from the gift to Nahaliel, and from Nahaliel to The Heights."
3. One who learns from his fellow a single chapter, or a single law, or a single verse, or a single word, or even a single letter, he must treat him with respect. For so we find with David, king of Israel, who did not learn anything from Achitofel except for two things alone, yet he called him his "master," his "guide" and his "intimate," as is stated (Psalms 55:14), "And you are a man of my worth, my guide and intimate friend." Surely we can infer a fortiori: if David, king of Israel, who learned nothing from Achitofel except for two things alone, nevertheless referred to him as his master, guide and intimate, it certainly goes without saying that one who learns from his fellow a single chapter, a law, a verse, a saying, or even a single letter, is obligated to revere him. And there is no reverence but Torah, as is stated (Proverbs 3:35; 28:10), "The sages shall inherit honor" "and the integral shall inherit good"; and there is no good but Torah, as is stated (ibid. 4:2), "I have given you a good purchase; My Torah, do not forsake it."
4. Such is the way of Torah: Bread with salt you shall eat, water in small measure you shall drink, and upon the ground you shall sleep; live a life of deprivation and toil in Torah. If so you do, "fortunate are you, and good is to you" (Psalms 128:2): fortunate are you in this world, and it is good to you in the World To Come.
5. Do not seek greatness for yourself, and do not lust for honor. More than you study, do. Desire not the table of kings, for your table is greater than theirs, and your crown is greater than theirs, and faithful is your Employer to pay you the rewards of your work.
6. Torah is greater than the priesthood or sovereignty, for sovereignty is acquired with thirty virtues, the priesthood with twenty-four, and Torah is acquired with forty-eight qualities. These are: study, listening, verbalizing, comprehension of the heart, awe, fear, humility, joy, purity, serving the sages, companionship with one's contemporaries, debating with one's students, tranquility, study of the scriptures, study of the Mishnah, minimizing engagement in business, minimizing socialization, minimizing pleasure, minimizing sleep, minimizing talk, minimizing gaiety, slowness to anger, good heartedness, faith in the sages, acceptance of suffering, knowing one's place, satisfaction with one's lot, qualifying one's words, not taking credit for oneself, likableness, love of G‑d, love of humanity, love of charity, love of justice, love of rebuke, fleeing from honor, lack of arrogance in learning, reluctance to hand down rulings, participating in the burden of one's fellow, judging him to the side of merit, correcting him, bringing him to a peaceful resolution [of his disputes], deliberation in study, asking and answering, listening and illuminating, learning in order to teach, learning in order to observe, wising one's teacher, exactness in conveying a teaching, and saying something in the name of its speaker. Thus we have learned: One who says something in the name of its speaker brings redemption to the world, as is stated (Esther 2:22), "And Esther told the king in the name of Mordechai."
7. Great is Torah, for it gives life to its observers in this world, and in the World To Come. As is stated (Proverbs 4:22): "For they are life to he who finds them, and a healing to all his flesh." And it says (ibid. 3:8): "It shall be health to your navel, and marrow to your bones." And it says (3:18): "She is a tree of life for those who hold fast to her, and happy are those who support her." And it says (1:9): "For they shall be a garland of grace for your head, and necklaces about your neck." And it says(4:9): "She shall give to your head a garland of grace, a crown of glory she shall grant you." And it says (9:11): "With me, your days shall be increased, and years of life shall be added to you." And it says (3:16): "Long days in her right hand; in her left, wealth and honor." And it says (3:2): "For long days, years of life and peace, they shall add to you."
8. Rabbi Shimon the son of Judah would say in the name of Rabbi Shimon the son of Yochai: Beauty, strength, wealth, honor, wisdom, sageness, old age and children are becoming to the righteous and becoming to the world. As is stated (Proverbs 16:31): "Old age is a crown of beauty, to be found in the ways of righteousness." And it says (ibid. 20:29): "The beauty of youths is their strength, and the glory of sages is their age." And it says (ibid., 17:6): "The crown of sages are their grandchildren, and the beauty of children their fathers." And it says (Isaiah 24:23): "And the moon shall be abashed and the sun shamed, for the L-rd of hosts has reigned in Zion, and before his elders is glory."
Rabbi Shimon the son of Menasia would say: these seven qualities enumerated by the sages for the righteous were all realized in Rabbi [Judah HaNassi] and his sons.
9. Said Rabbi Yossei the son of Kisma: Once, I was traveling and I encountered a man. He greeted me and I returned his greetings. Said he to me: "Rabbi, where are you from?" Said I to him: "From a great city of sages and scholars, am I." Said he to me: "Rabbi, would you like to dwell with us in our place? I will give you a million dinars of gold, precious stones and pearls." Said I to him: "If you were to give me all the silver, gold, precious stones and pearls in the world, I would not dwell anywhere but in a place of Torah. Indeed, so is written in the book of psalms by David the king of Israel: `I prefer the Torah of Your mouth over thousands in gold and silver' (Psalms 119:72). Furthermore, when a person passes from this world neither silver, nor gold, nor precious stones, nor pearls accompany him, only Torah and good deeds, as is stated (Proverbs 6:22): `When you go it will direct you, when you lie down it will watch over you, and when you awaken it shall be your speech.' `When you go it will direct you'---in this world; `when you lie down it will watch over you'---in the grave; `and when you awaken it shall be our speech'---in the World To Come. Also it says (Chaggai 2:8): `Mine is the silver and Mine is the gold, so says the L-rd of Hosts.' "
10. G‑d acquired five acquisitions in his world. These are: one acquisition is the Torah, one acquisition are the heavens and the earth, one acquisition is Abraham, one acquisition is the people of Israel, and one acquisition is the Holy Temple. The Torah, as it is written (Proverbs 8:22), "G‑d acquired me as the beginning of His way, before His works of yore." The heavens and the earth, as it is written (Isaiah 66:1), "So says G‑d: The heavens are My throne and the earth is My footstool; what house, then, can you build for Me, and where is My place of rest?"; and it says (Psalms 104:25), "How many are your works, O G‑d, You have made them all with wisdom; the earth is filled with Your acquisitions." Abraham, as it is written (Genesis 14:19), "And he blessed him, and said: Blessed be Abram to G‑d Most High, acquirer of heavens and earth." Israel, as it is written (Exodus 15:16), "Till Your nation, O G‑d, shall pass, till this nation You have acquired shall pass"; and it says (Psalms 16:3), "To the holy who are upon earth, the noble ones, in whom is all My delight." The Holy Temple, as it is written (Exodus 15:17), "The base for Your dwelling that you, G‑d, have achieved; the Sanctuary, O L-rd, that Your hands have established"; and it says (Psalms 78:54), "And He brought them to His holy domain, this mount His right hand has acquired."
11. Everything that G‑d created in His world, He did not create but for His glory. As is stated (Isaiah 43:7): "All that is called by My name and for My glory, I created it, formed it, also I made it." And it says (Exodus 15:1): "G‑d shall reign forever and ever."


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A battle for the land – and soul – of the West
Denver native Stephen Trimble fell in love with the West from the back seat of the family car. On summer field trips with his mother and geologist father, Trimble developed a fine eye for red-rock country and the light that filled unspoiled valleys and vistas. He's since produced gorgeous photography books and insightful natural and human histories. Now, examining a single moment on a single, no-longer-unspoiled patch of land, he's written possibly his most comprehensive book.
That patch of land is home to the Snowbasin ski development on Mount Ogden, Utah. The moment in question is the men's downhill race during the 2002 Winter Olympics. Wondering what it would "take" to bring a racer to the finish line, Trimble launches into a complicated, often maddening tale of a property dispute that resembles a thousand similar battles in today's West. Billionaire developer Earl Holding, the 63rd richest man in the country, manipulates U.S. Forest Service officials and politicians to buy public land for a ski resort that will host the Olympics. Holding's power and cunning trump the wishes of Ogden Valley residents and others who want to preserve the shrinking open spaces of the West.
It's an old story, but Trimble tells it in a new way, avoiding simplistic Good-Guy-vs.-Bad-Guy characterizations. You may never come across a more fair-minded yet critical portrayal of a wealthy developer. Earl Holding loves his work and wants to build the best-run resorts possible. One U.S. Forest Service official who helped Holding most likely did so because of his own love of skiing, rather than for darker reasons or out of simple naiveté. And when Trimble buys his own swatch of unspoiled land near Capitol Reef National Park, he has to acknowledge that, "Just like Earl, I am about to hire earth movers to reshape this land to suit my own needs . . . "
Ultimately, Trimble ends on a hopeful note. Thinking back on Earl Holding, then considering his own occasional run-ins with his new Utah neighbors, he concludes that civic health and the best interests of the land require us to "start the conversation before a crisis." How best to bargain for what's left of Eden? Keep everyone talking with open hearts and open minds.


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The Arabic Food Recipes kitchen (The Home of Delicious Arabic Food Recipes) invites you to try Maamoul (Mamoul) Recipes. Enjoy our easy Eid Iftar desserts and learn how to make Maamoul.
Simple Eid Cookies (ka'ak) Recipe
1 cup ghee (clarified butter)
½ cup warm milk
½ teaspoon rose water
2 1/2 cup flour
1 teaspoon baking powder
1 teaspoon sesame
1/8 teaspoon salt
¼ kg Turkish delight (lokum, malban)
Powdered sugar
– shake ghee, milk and rose water until well combined.
– Sift flour and baking powder in a bowl, add sesame and salt.
– Add flour mixture to ghee mixture, knead until smooth.
– Preheat oven to (180 – 350) degrees.
– Form dough into walnut sized balls
– Shape Turkish delight into tiny balls.
– Make a hole in the center of the dough using your finger.
– Place the Turkish delight balls in the center of each ball.
– Seal the dough up over it and press edges together.
– Flatten each ball a little and make a design using a fork or (monkash) or a cookie mold.
– Place cookies at least 1 inch apart onto cookie sheets.
– Bake for about 15 to 20 minutes or until lightly browned.
– Cool completely on a wire rack.
– Dust with confectioners (powder) sugar.
Maamoul with Walnuts Recipe
Serves: 12
Difficulty: Medium
Prep Time: 45 minutes
2 cups all purpose flour
1 cup semolina flour
1 tsp baking powder
1/4 cup milk
2 sticks butter at room temperature
1 tsp orange blossom water
1 cup ground walnuts
1/4 cup sugar
1/4 tsp cinnamon
1 tsp orange blossom water
8 medjool dates, pitted
1 tsp orange blossom water
vegetable oil
powdered sugar
Pre-heat oven to 450 degrees Fahrenheit.
In a large bowl, combine flour, semolina and baking powder, mix well. Next, add butter, milk and orange blossom water to dry ingredients and combine until dough is formed.
In a food processor, blend walnuts until fine and crumbly, pour walnuts into bowl and add sugar, cinnamon and orange blossom water. Next, put the dates into the food processor and blend until it is formed into a fine ball, remove and add orange blossom water, set aside.
To form maamoul cookies, roll dough into balls, smaller than golf balls, poke an indent into the ball and place some of the filling inside, close the opening until all of the filling is concealed. Next, wipe down the maamoul mold with some vegetable oil so that dough does not stick, press ball into the maamoul mold and then tap our the cookie by hitting the mold on the side. Place the cookies on a non-stick baking sheet and bake for 20 minutes, until bottom of the cookie is light brown. Remove cookies and let cool completely, dust cookies completely with powdered sugar and store in an air tight container for up to 2 weeks.
Pistachio Maamoul Recipe
- For the dough:
- 9 cups semolina or 1500 g
- 1½ cups butter or 300 g, melted
- 1½ cups ghee or 300 g, melted
- 1 cup caster sugar or 200 g
- 1 teaspoon ground nutmeg
- 1 teaspoon ground mahlab
- 1 teaspoon yeast
- ¾ cup rose water or 190 ml
- ¼ cup blossom water or 60 ml
For the filling:
- 3½ cups pistachio nuts or 500 g
- 1 tablespoon blossom water
- 2 tablespoons rose water
- 1 tin NESTLÉ® Sweetened Condensed Milk or 397 g
- ½ cup caster sugar or 100 g
- In a bowl, combine semolina, butter, ghee, sugar, nutmeg, mahlab, and yeast. Mix the ingredients well then cover and set aside for at least 4 hours.
- Pin an electric mixer, blend the pistachio until they are completely crushed. Remove and place in a bowl.
- Mix blossom water, rose water and NESTLÉ® Sweetened Condensed Milk until all ingredients are well combined. Cover and place in fridge for 1 hour.
- Add rose water and blossom water to the dried mixture, knead by hands until the dough starts to hold together or forms a paste. If necessary, add a small amount of rose water.
- Remove a small piece of dough and flatten it with your hands and place a teaspoonful of the filling. Close carefully to form a ball.
- Press the stuffed dough into a wooden maamoul mold to form a pattern on the upper side of the dough.
- Tap out onto an cookie sheet that is not greased and bake in a 185c for 15-20 minutes or until lightly colored but not browned.
Kahk with Dates Recipe
- 2 cups samn balady
- 1 cup milk
- 4 1/2 cups flour, all purpose
- 2 tablespoons baking powder
- 1 teaspoon instant yeas
- 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
- 1 teaspoon ground cloves
- 1 tea spoon ground ginger
- sesame seeds
- Heat the samn balady (Gee) until almost boiling.
- Add the baking powder and the spices to the flour.
- Carefully add the flour to the hot samn balady (Gee) and stir with a wooden spoon.
- Keep stirring and stirring and stirring.
- When the mixture cools down a little, but is still warm, (ie you can knead it with your hands without causing permanent damage), add the instant yeast to the milk with a teaspoon of sugar, then stir gently into the dough.
- Knead it for a short while, cover and let it rest. (Officially you should shape the kahk now and let it rest later).
- After an hour or so you can start shaping the dough with your hands into little balls and then flatten them.
- You can add nuts, agwa (date spread), or other filling when you are making it into balls.
- Put them in a cookie tray and let them rest for a little.
- Then put them in a preheated oven (345 F), and watch them. Usually 15 minutes is enough.
- Take them out, wait until they cool and sprinkle with powdered sugar just before eating.
Mamool Recipe
2 cups semolina flour
1 1/2 cups shortening
1 cup boiling water
3/4 cup white sugar
2 cups ground walnuts
1 teaspoon rose water
1/4 cup confectioners' sugar for dusting (optional)
- Place the semolina flour into a medium bowl, and cut in shortening using a pastry blender or a fork. Pour in boiling water, and mix to form a solid dough. Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured surface, and knead for a minute or two to be sure the dough is well blended. Cover dough and let stand for at least one hour, or as long as overnight.
- In a medium bowl, mix together the sugar, ground nuts, and rose water so that the mixture is uniform. Set aside.
- Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). Grease cookie sheets, or line with parchment paper. Knead dough again briefly, and form into walnut sized balls. Make a hole in the center using your finger. Fill the hole with the nut mixture, and seal the dough up over it. Gently form into balls or crescents, or make designs into the dough using a fork. Place cookies at least 1 inch apart onto the prepared cookie sheets.
- Bake for 10 to 12 minutes in the preheated oven, or until lightly browned. Dust with confectioners sugar while still warm if desired.
- Almonds or unsalted pistachios may be used for filling also. If rose water is not available in your area, you can use 1/2 teaspoon of cinnamon for flavoring.
- There are many variations for shaping these cookies including rectangles rolled into mini jelly rolls, or shape 3 inch rounds from balls, place filling in the center, and fold the sides over to cover, and seal.
Maamool with Dates
- 1 1/2 # semolina
- 1 cup sugar
- 1 1/4 # pound butter
- boiling water
- 2 # fresh dates, pitted and pureed
- Combine the semolina and the sugar in a large bowl, mix thoroughly. Melt 1# pound of the butter and let it come to a boil . Gradually add the butter to the semolina mixture. Knead well. Set aside in a sealed airtight container at least one hour before using.
- When you are ready to use the dough add small amounts of boiling water to make the dough soft and pliable. Wear rubber gloves to protect hands from the boiling water. Combine the dates with the 1/4 # pound of butter (it is better to let this soften first). Knead together until they are well blended. Mold the pastry in small ball about 2 inches in diameter. Hollow out the center of the ball using your finger. Form a shell about 1/4 inch thick.
- Fill the hollow with the date mixture. Seal the top by pressing the dough together. Flatten lightly between your palms to form a pie shape. Use the tines of a fork to make a design around the top.
- Place on a baking sheet. Cook in a pre heated oven 450 degrees F or 230 degrees C for 20 minutes or until light golden brown. Sprinkle with powdered sugar. Store in sealed airtight containers.
Maamool with Walnuts
- 2 cups smeed (semolina)
- 1 cup boiling water
- 1 1/2 cups samneh (or other shortening)
- 1 tsp. ma'ez zahr (orange blossom essence)
- 1 tsp. rose water
- 3/4 cup fine sugar
- 1 1/4 cup crushed walnuts
- Make dough of smeed, samneh and boiling water. Knead well together. Cover tightly and leave overnight.
- On the second day knead again thoroughly and form into small balls. Hollow out their centers. Fill the hollow with mixture of sugar, nuts and flavorings.
- Press the dough back over the filling. Press each cookie onto a buttered baking pan and flatten and decorate with the tines of a fork. Or, shape the dough in the carved molds made in Lebanon especially for this purpose. Bake in moderate oven until lightly browned. Dust liberally with powdered sugar while hot.
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During the holiday season, you may come across additional challenges as a father who has gone through the divorce experience. You may find that you are not able to spend as much time with your children as you would like. You may not get any …CONTINUE READING
Tag: separated parents
Life Doesn't End When You Get Divorced
Before your divorce, your life may have included your marriage, but that was not the defining aspect of your life. You still grew up, went to school, had friends, had relationships, had jobs, had a place where you lived, and had a personality and emotional …CONTINUE READING
Assessing Your Post-Divorce Circumstances
After your divorce is finalized, you have the opportunity to look ahead, and while there is a great opportunity ahead to focus on the future, the nitty gritty of the present forces you to take a step back and assess the damage caused by the …CONTINUE READING
Happy Father's Day from Men's Divorce
For dads, nothing is more important than their children. They are tasked with providing a stable and loving home for them, as well as being an active parent in their lives, regardless of a divorce or child custody situation. Fatherhood is a responsibility that should …CONTINUE READING
Father's Day is Your Day
As hard as it may be to imagine, there are fathers unable to spend Father's Day with their children. If you are a father who has the opportunity to celebrate the special holiday celebrating the active role you inhabit in your child's life, you need …CONTINUE READING


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Wellness Rounded PetMat Brown Bark Small 27quotx18quot
Most dogs sleep an average of 12-14 hours a day. And while many dogs prefer the cool, hard floor to nap or lounge, it can be detrimental to their joints and can cause pressure sores. And no matter how clean your floor may look, it still collects dirt. The floor is just not the best place for your dog to nap. That?s why Wellness PetMats are such a great therapeutic solution for your dog! Wellness PetMats are low profile, therapeutically cushioned surface that evenly distributes weight for better joint health and contours the bone to prevent pressure sores and calluses. Additionally, Wellness PetMats gives your family member a place to call his own, giving him a sense of ownership and dominance over his space contributing to his overall happiness and well-being. Wellness PetMats promote better long-term health than laying on the bare floor. They are vet recommended and designed for dogs of all ages, but the mats are especially beneficial to dogs who suffer from arthritis, dysplasia, and other structural misalignments. Wellness PetMats wipe clean and will never absorb odor or dog hair making it incredibly low-maintenance for Pet Parents. With a low profile, this mat won?t get in the way or become a trip hazard allowing you to give your dog his space without invading yours. Superior Comfort and Support Gradual Edges Will Never Curl ¾" Advanced Polyurethane Technology 20° No-Trip Beveled Edge (ADA Compliant) Safe, Non-Toxic, Latex and Odor Free Non-Slip Top and Bottom Surfaces 20-Year Manufacturer?s Warranty Puncture and Heat Resistant Easy to Clean and Maintain Stain and Dirt Resistant 99.9% Anti-microbial By Design Extended Life Cycle and Recyclable
Sku wellness-rounded-petmat-brown-small
No reviews


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The Plot to Take Down America: Zhu Zhu Christmas Hamsters AKA "Mister Squiggles"
You thought the foreign agent that'd attempt to bring down American would be named something more discreet (or cooler) than "Mister Squiggles," didn't you? Hence, the ingenious of it all. Mister Squiggles is here, and he wants to destroy us.
I was going to try to avoid them, but it seemed my cynicism was part of the desired effect of the Plot to Take Down America, hamsters-up-Richard-Gere's-ass jokes and all.
See, these are Zhu Zhu hamsters. In the great tradition of Tickle Me Elmo, Tamagotchi, and Nintendo Wii, they are the "Toy of the Season." Which means American consumers will be taking whatever desperate measures they need to in order to acquire one. They will spend their money on these little fuckers, oblivious to the cost, in order to satisfy what they assume is their child's desperate need to own the same toy all the other children have (or can't have). And this season, someone called the Zhu Zhu hamster the one. Why are Zhu Zhu hamsters so great?
1. They don't leave any waste.
2. If your child is allergic to hamsters, they are wonderful pets.
3. They come with names, so your child doesn't have to do any work.
4. They do not promote violence (Nintendo Wii) or uncomfortable touching (see: Tickle Me Elmo).
5. Unlike the other terrible toys, you don't have to put them together.
Think again, fans of cute.
The light-brown version of the Zhu Zhu hamsters, "Mister Squiggles," has unsafe levels of antimony, according to Dara O'Rourke, co-founder of the California-based GoodGuide. "We found levels of about 93 to 106 parts per million," O'Rourke told CNN. "The new federal standard is about 60 parts per million." Antimony is used in textiles and plastics to prevent them from catching fire, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry. Prolonged exposure can cause lung and heart problems, ulcers and diarrhea, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control.
1. The waste they leave is actually, unlike hamsters, not of the biodegradable stripe.
2. Your kid is a wuss. He should probably develop a better resistance to bacteria.
3. When we need to think of creative maneuvers to fend off attacks from foreign powers, our resources will have atrophied from that which has already been done for us.
4. The violence comes socially: children, in fits of Zhu Zhu jealousy, will start to betray each other and secretly hate each other. How can we fight an enemy abroad when we can't restrain ourselves from making our children part of our violently materialistic fetishisms?
5. Wearing away at our ability to construct things? Evil, but smart.
BUT, you say, these toys are AMERICAN, man. St. Louis, American. They're only "named" in Chinese. Again, wrong:
Zhu Zhu Pets are made by tiny Cepia Inc. of St. Louis, with just 16 employees in the U.S. and 30 in China, making their success even more unlikely.
Right, and who do we owe a lot of money to? The Chinese. Yes. The Chinese. And instead of taking fingers—the old fashioned American way of collecting—they just sent these guys to come get us, our money, and kill us. Eventually, you'll be taking orders from these guys. And do you really want that to happen?
Viva, my friends. It's time to execute every last Zhu Zhu pet in America. You've seen Terminator 2. You know how this could end. Don't let it.


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184.108.40.206 CreateWindow
Our application will be a Painter class, inherited from the Object class. We will have accessors to instantiate the different parts of our application:
- window
- menu
- toolbar
- statusbar
To create a simple window, we use the StandardWindow class.
window := StandardWindow labelled: 'Painter'.
window openInWorld.
You can add widgets using
addMorph:. Let's add a ColorChooserMorph:
window := StandardWindow labelled: 'Painter'.
chooser := ColorChooserMorph new.
window addMorph: chooser.
window openInWorld.
As you see, you can click on the ColorChooserMorph button to open tho color wheel dialog. But the button is displayed on the title bar, not positioned. In the following section, we explain how to layout morphs into morph.


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Lenze's extensive L-force product portfolio follows a very simple principle. The functions of our finely scaled products are assigned to the three lines Base-Line, State-Line or High-Line.
But what does this mean for you? It allows you to quickly recognise which products represent the best solution for your own specific requirements.
Powerful products with a major impact:
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- Reliable technologies in tune with the latest developments
Lenze products undergo the most stringent testing in our own laboratory. This allows us to ensure that you will receive consistently high quality and a long service life. In addition to this, five logistics centres ensure that the Lenze products you select are available for quick delivery anywhere across the globe.
As easy as that.
Packaging machines, robotic and handling systems are often particularly challenging from the standpoint of automation technology. They require a powerful and homogeneous system capable of controlling...
EASY Engineering Tools
EASY Engineering Tools
In all your work from machine planning to implementation, you make decisions that are very important for your machine's functions and efficiency. With our Engineering Tools, we give you the support...
Frequency Inverters and Servo …
Frequency Inverters and Servo Inverters
Whereas inverter applications are extremely varied, our precisely tailored and uniform product range is much easier to handle. A range tailored to meet your exact needs– from basic movements and...
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Previous products
Previous products
Lenze continues to develop its products at the same speed that technology progresses. We will always offer you the best possible products and solutions for your requirements. So, new product series...


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Evolutionary researchers say they have uncovered the world's oldest archaeological find: stone tools found in Kenya.
A consortium of two hundred evolutionary scientists representing twenty countries wants to answer the question of how birds became so diverse.
How could "the greatest promoter of creationism in Alberta," Edgar Nernberg, be the discoverer of some of the most significant fish fossils in recent history?
Can an organism survive billions of years of evolution without evolving?
June 26, 2015, was a dark day for Christianity in the United States.
Biblical creationists who have weighed the evidence for human evolution and found it wanting should expect unbelievers to label them as "deranged."
Many across the United States were shocked and revolted when investigative journalists began releasing videos made about the organization Planned Parenthood.
The Pew Research Center found in a new study that the number of self-identified Christians in America is dropping.
No results found in Perspective.
Learn what the Bible really teaches about caring for the environment and read the shocking results of a survey showing what the twentysomethings in your church believe.Browse Issue Subscribe
Answers in Genesis is an apologetics ministry, dedicated to helping Christians defend their faith and proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ.


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Village Hall
Other Activities
Village of Great Neck Plaza
Welcome to the official website of the Incorporated Village of Great Neck Plaza, New York. Our website has been designed so that you may find general information about our Village government and the services we provide.
This website is part of the Village Board's ongoing effort to engage residents and business people in our decision making process. We hope you find the site interesting and useful. As always, we value your input. If you have comments or questions, please contact the Village Hall at (516) 482-4500 or you can email us at firstname.lastname@example.com


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By Michele Langlo [1] Mar 28, 2014 0 [2]
Love and Marriage
Cody has had an interest in the opposite sex for quite a long time now. But the other day Bill posed a question that made my heart skip a beat. He said, "What if Cody wanted to get in married someday?
While there have been many neurotypical young ladies that have clearly liked what they saw when they laid eyes on Cody for the first time, once they talked to him for a bit and encountered the language barriers and what they saw as odd behaviors, they realized he was very different from them and their attraction toward him dissolved pretty quickly. So it's hard for me to imagine a neurotypical girl that would maintain a long-term romantic interest in him. However, there are many special needs couples who date and even marry. And we are seeing Cody develop a more serious interest in women.
There are several female clients at his day program toward whom he gravitates more so than others. And the signs are there to suggest that he may be developing a special fondness for one of them. So I can see how marriage could be among his aspirations, someday. But the plethora of factors that have to be considered seems almost overwhelming to me.
For starters, I still have to prompt Cody in a step-by-step fashion when he takes a shower, not to mention making medical, financial and other day-to-day decisions that are in his best interest. These young women I spoke of also need assistance in these matters. And given that Bill and I are as protective of Cody as we are, we would want to have a supervisory role in this venture. We would want them to live with us until we could be sure they would have proper support if they were to live on their own. But how would the girl's parents or guardians feel about that?
A bigger question is how would this affect our guardianship of Cody? Would we then also assume guardianship of Cody's wife as well? I tried to do some research on this question but all I have found thus far is how disability benefits can be penalized, how advanced directives need to be put in place right away and how cash gifts from families can have a derogatory effect on a couple's disability income. So it looks like Bill and I will need to consult with our attorney to learn the answers.
Then there's the subject of whether or not Cody and his would-be bride would have an interest in consummating their marriage. Bill and I have not discussed sex at great length with Cody. He hasn't asked that many questions aside from what the animals on the National Geographic Channel were doing. Cody does have natural, biological urges the same way neurotypical males do, however. We have had to explain to him that certain things need to be done in private only. It's not something others need to see, hear or know about. But what if the young lady Cody marries is more sexually sophisticated than he is? How do we go about explaining it to Cody and determining if he comprehends and is on board with it? While I believe it is the understanding of love—and not the understanding of sex—that determines a person's readiness for marriage, in most cases they go hand in hand, so it's still a subject that would have to be addressed. And with that comes the issue of birth control.
Then do we as parents of the groom, who have hypothetically assumed guardianship of both Cody and the girl he marries, also have the responsibility to make sure that all things are in order for both parties in the event of our death or does some of that responsibility still fall to this young lady's family? Research is in order on the subject of Special Needs Trusts [3]. And the list of considerations goes on and on.
There are those who may feel I'm putting the cart before the horse but I don't think so. Caring for individuals with special needs whether autism, intellectual disability, or physical limitations requires a lot of thought and advanced planning. Seeing Cody's interest in the opposite sex become more prominent means that it's time for us to investigate the matters of love and marriage for special needs individuals now, so we can be prepared. We want to be responsible parents and guardians but we also want Cody to be happy as well.