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Strengthen the password policy
This excerpt from Chapter 1 of Roberta Bragg's "Hardening Windows systems" explains why and how to create a strong password policy.
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excerpt from Chapter 1, "An immediate call to action," explains why and how to create a strong password policy. Click for the complete book excerpt series or purchase the book.
Strengthen the password policy
A strong password policy can go a long way. By a strong password policy, I mean a policy that
- Insists on frequent password changes
- Requires long passwords composed of random combinations of upper and lowercase letters, numbers and special characters
- Does not allow blank passwords
- Checks to ensure passwords are not repeated
- Prevents the use of any part of the user's name or user ID
- Does not allow the use of common dictionary words
You can provide technical controls that require most of this functionality by configuring the password policy of the default domain Group Policy Object (GPO) as shown in Figure 1-1.
A strong password policy is important because a weak policy makes it easier for intruders to guess or crack passwords. If passwords can be obtained, much of the security enforced by user rights, object permissions, and even file encryption falls by the wayside. Strengthening the password policy is probably the single most important blow you can strike for security.
Oh, I know that this may be something you cannot do for the whole organization. You can, of course, easily change the password policy of Windows domains. However, you may not have the authority to do so. Changing something that so broadly impacts every employee is never a move that can, or should, be undertaken lightly. Still, you should start work on it.
Meanwhile, you can, and do, have the authority to change the "logical" password policy. That is, the technical control of changes at the domain level may not be possible right away, but you can, depending on your authority, demand stronger passwords and password management by members of your own staff, by those who have local accounts on servers, and if nothing else, by yourself. While nothing may make you, or any other administrative staff member, use a 16-character password, or one composed entirely of symbols; while nothing will force you to change it every 10 days; there is also nothing that says you cannot impose these restrictions by policy on IT administrators, or anyone who requires special access to servers. Examples of special access involve those who do backups, or anyone who must be an administrator on a server in order to effectively administer a database or other server application.
The accounts that, if compromised, pose the greatest risk may be the ones that you can change the password policy for. Think of the damage that an attacker could do by obtaining these administrative passwords!
Changing the password policy for the organization is something you may have to work toward. Changing the policy for users with elevated privileges may be something that you can do, promote, or set in motion. Anything that you can do to impact password management for the better makes your information systems more secure. At the very least, change yours, right now!
Create logical policies
Changing the password policy for an organization may be a rather large undertaking. If users can now use blank passwords or short ones, and if they do not have to meet complexity rules, making them comply with more restrictive rules may prove to be beyond your authority. This is something that you should evaluate, and it is really of the utmost importance. No single change can have as much impact on the security of your networks. Chapter 2 details many important issues surrounding the strengthening of password policy. Chapter 14 provides help in surmounting the political problems you may encounter.
You can, however, immediately improve the security of your networks by creating a logical password policy for a select group of individuals: those who have elevated privileges in the enterprise, in the domain, or on some systems. A prime target for such a policy are system and network administrators. IT admins and their management should be receptive to changes that will improve information security.
Perhaps you can spearhead change by making the adoption of a strong password policy the result of working together to improve security. Working out ways to strengthen the policy without making it overly difficult to adhere to will make it easier to obtain and implement a stronger organization-wide password policy.
Change policy for local accounts
Local accounts on servers and workstations cannot be entirely eliminated. Windows computers that are domain members retain their local account databases. Any accounts in these databases cannot be managed by the domain password policy. A password policy for these accounts should also be in place. This policy can be a very strong policy. In many organizations, local accounts are not used, with the exception of some administrative accounts on some servers. If accounts are not used, then password policies can be very restrictive; if accounts are used, then password policies should be very restrictive, and it should not be difficult to obtain approval, since many of these computers are controlled by IT.
Local password policies for NT 4.0 computers, and for those Windows computers joined in a Windows NT 4.0 domain, must be configured on the local system, or via custom scripts. Local password policies for computers joined in a Windows 2000 or Windows Server 2003 domain can be set and managed via Group Policy. Remember, password policies set at the OU level affect only the local user accounts of the computers in the OU. To use Group Policy to manage the password policy of local user accounts:
1. Place the accounts of servers for which the same password policy is required, in the same OU.
2. Create a GPO and link it to the OU.
3. Open the GPO for editing and modify the password policy.
4. Close the policy.
Change policy for individual accounts
In addition to domain password policy and local password policy, changes can be made at the account level. That is, you can impact the password policy of an individual account. In many cases, changing policy at the account level is a way to prevent the weakening of password policy for the domain. Options may also strengthen policy.
For example, in some cases, it may be required to store a password using reversible encryption. This is not recommended; however, it is still better to do so for a couple of accounts, using the Store Password Using Reversible Encryption option, than it is for all accounts in the domain. Another questionable option is Password Never Expires.
Expiring passwords is a way to make sure users change their passwords. Blocking this action weakens that technical control. However, if accounts are used by services, then passwords must be manually changed—the service program will not recognize or respond to reminders to change passwords and will simply be locked out when the password expires. Using the account level option allows the domain-level password policy to require periodic password changes. Incredibly, I still find domains where no user accounts are required to change passwords, because service accounts cannot.
While both of these options can weaken individual account protection, setting account level policy can strengthen protection for an individual account. For example, the option Smart Card Is Required for Interactive Logon can be set for an individual account. Long before smart cards can be installed as the primary authentication mechanism for an organization, it may be possible to require their use by administrators, or by other privileged users.
Finally, other options are temporary controls that can do much to prevent unauthorized account usage, the goal of a password policy in the first place. These options include
- User Must Change Password at Next Logon
- Account Is Disabled
- Account Is Sensitive and Cannot Be Delegated
Modify account password policy options on the Account tab of the Active Directory Users and Computers, user account property page as displayed in Figure 1-2.
Click for the next excerpt in this series: Lock down remote administration.
Click for book details or purchase the book.


text:
Hi; This Auction is ending in 1 day 9 hours, might even be worth it for you just to do the buy it now for $475.00 it's a great deal. http://www.ebay.com/itm/EASY-STAND-5...item4aaf85d2b8 This is on ebay. Like I said with the difference you could buy a used handcycle then. Sorry it did not work out with mine, I just really need to get more help around here I guess. My arm is starting to do better with the tennis elbow, I just did not want to go lifting heavy stuff myself and screw it up again.
Senior Member

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Missing: my favourite light-wind kite.
Location: between Hua Hin an Cha Am kitespots in Thailand. Seems it was unloaded from my open car about a week ago.
But could be anywhere in the world right now.
Colour: black, with orange and white fringes.
Serial no.: FKSO015OR-3915-44238
A generous reward can be expected to whoever can spot my beauty.


text:
Over the last few months, I've seen a password strength meter on almost every signup form I've encountered. Password strength meters are on fire.
Here's a question: does a meter actually help people secure their accounts? It's less important than other areas of web security, a short sample of which include:
- Preventing online cracking with throttling or CAPTCHAs.
- Preventing offline cracking by selecting a suitably slow hash function with user-unique salts.
- Securing said password hashes.
With that disclaimer — yes. I'm convinced these meters have the potential to help. According to Mark Burnett's 2006 book, Perfect Passwords: Selection, Protection, Authentication, which counted frequencies from a few million passwords over a variety of leaks, one in nine people had a password in this top 500 list. These passwords include some real stumpers:
rosebud. Burnett ran a more recent study last year, looking at 6 million passwords, and found an insane 99.8% occur in the top 10,000 list, with 91% in the top 1,000. The methodology and bias is an important qualifier — for example, since these passwords mostly come from cracked hashes, the list is biased towards crackable passwords to begin with.
These are only the really easy-to-guess passwords. For the rest, I'd wager a large percentage are still predictable enough to be susceptible to a modest online attack. So I do think these meters could help, by encouraging stronger password decisions through direct feedback. But right now, with a few closed-source exceptions, I believe they mostly hurt. Here's why.
Strength is best measured as entropy, in bits: it's the number of times a space of possible passwords can be cut in half. A naive strength estimation goes like this:
# n: password length # c: password cardinality: the size of the symbol space # (26 for lowercase letters only, 62 for a mix of lower+upper+numbers) entropy = n * lg(c) # base 2 log
This brute-force analysis is accurate for people who choose random sequences of letters, numbers and symbols. But with few exceptions (shoutout to 1Password / KeePass), people of course choose patterns — dictionary words, spatial patterns like
asdf or
zxcvbn, repeats like
aaaaaaa, sequences like
abcdef or
654321, or some combination of the above. For passwords with uppercase letters, odds are it's the first letter that's uppercase. Numbers and symbols are often predictable as well: l33t speak (3 for e, 0 for o, @ or 4 for a), years, dates, zip codes, and so on.
As a result, simplistic strength estimation gives bad advice. Without checking for common patterns, the practice of encouraging numbers and symbols means encouraging passwords that might only be slightly harder for a computer to crack, and yet frustratingly harder for a human to remember. xkcd nailed it:
As an independent Dropbox hackweek project, I thought it'd be fun to build an open source estimator that catches common patterns, and as a corollary, doesn't penalize sufficiently complex passphrases like
correcthorsebatterystaple. It's now live on dropbox.com/register and available for use on github. Try the demo to experiment and see several example estimations.
The table below compares zxcvbn to other meters. The point isn't to dismiss the others — password policy is highly subjective — rather, it's to give a better picture of how zxcvbn is different.
|Dropbox (old)
|Bank of America
|(not allowed)
|(not allowed)
|(not allowed)
|(not allowed)
A few notes:
- I took these screenshots on April 3rd, 2012. I needed to crop the bar from the gmail signup form to make it fit in the table, making the difference in relative width more pronounced than on the form itself.
- zxcvbn considers
correcthorsebatterystaplethe strongest password of the 3. The rest either consider it the weakest or disallow it. (Twitter gives about the same score for each, but if you squint, the scores are slightly different.)
- zxcvbn considers
qwER43@!weak because it's a short QWERTY pattern. It adds extra entropy for each turn and shifted character.
- The PayPal meter considers
qwER43@!weak but
aaAA11!!strong. Speculation, but that might be because it detects spatial patterns too.
- Bank of America doesn't allow passwords over 20 characters, disallowing
correcthorsebatterystaple. Passwords can contain some symbols, but not
!, disallowing the other two passwords. eBay doesn't allow passwords over 20 characters either.
- Few of these meters appear to use the naive estimation I opened with; otherwise
correcthorsebatterystaplewould have a high rating from its long length. Dropbox used to add points for each unique lowercase letter, uppercase letter, number, and symbol, up to a certain cap for each group. This mostly has the same only-works-for-brute-force problem, although it also checked against a common passwords dictionary. I don't know the details behind the other meters, but a scoring checklist is another common approach (which also doesn't check for many patterns).
- I picked Troubadour to be the base word of the second column, not Troubador as occurs in xkcd, which is an uncommon spelling.
zxcvbn has no dependencies and works on ie7+/opera/ff/safari/chrome. The best way to add it to your registration page is:
<script type="text/javascript" src="zxcvbn-async.js"> </script>
zxcvbn-async.js is a measly 350 bytes. On
window.load, after your page loads and renders, it'll load
zxcvbn.js, a fat 680k (320k gzipped), most of which is a dictionary. I haven't found the script size to be an issue; since a password is usually not the first thing a user enters on a signup form, there's plenty of time to load. Here's a comprehensive rundown of crossbrowser asynchronous script loading.
zxcvbn adds a single function to the global namespace:
zxcvbn(password, user_inputs)
It takes one required argument, a password, and returns a result object. The result includes a few properties:
result.entropy # bits result.crack_time # estimation of actual crack time, in seconds. result.crack_time_display # same crack time, as a friendlier string: # "instant", "6 minutes", "centuries", etc. result.score # 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 if crack time is less than # 10**2, 10**4, 10**6, 10**8, Infinity. # (helpful for implementing a strength bar.) result.match_sequence # the detected patterns used to calculate entropy. result.calculation_time # how long it took to calculate an answer, # in milliseconds. usually only a few ms.
The optional
user_inputs argument is an array of strings that zxcvbn will add to its internal dictionary. This can be whatever list of strings you like, but it's meant for user inputs from other fields of the form, like name and email. That way a password that includes the user's personal info can be heavily penalized. This list is also good for site-specific vocabulary. For example, ours includes
zxcvbn is written in CoffeeScript.
zxcvbn.js and
zxcvbn-async.js are unreadably closure-compiled, but if you'd like to extend zxcvbn and send me a pull request, the README has development setup info.
The rest of this post details zxcvbn's design.
The model
zxcvbn consists of three stages: match, score, then search.
- match enumerates all the (possibly overlapping) patterns it can detect. Currently zxcvbn matches against several dictionaries (English words, names and surnames, Burnett's 10,000 common passwords), spatial keyboard patterns (QWERTY, Dvorak, and keypad patterns), repeats (
aaa), sequences (
gfedcba), years from 1900 to 2019, and dates (
1331997). For all dictionaries, match recognizes uppercasing and common l33t substitutions.
- score calculates an entropy for each matched pattern, independent of the rest of the password, assuming the attacker knows the pattern. A simple example:
rrrrr. In this case, the attacker needs to iterate over all repeats from length 1 to 5 that start with a lowercase letter:
entropy = lg(26*5) # about 7 bits
- search is where Occam's razor comes in. Given the full set of possibly overlapping matches, search finds the simplest (lowest entropy) non-overlapping sequence. For example, if the password is
damnation, that could be analyzed as two words,
nation, or as one. It's important that it be analyzed as one, because an attacker trying dictionary words will crack it as one word long before two. (As an aside, overlapping patterns are also the primary agent behind accidentally tragic domain name registrations, like
childrens-laughter.combut without the hyphen.)
Search is the crux of the model. I'll start there and work backwards.
Minimum entropy search
zxcvbn calculates a password's entropy to be the sum of its constituent patterns. Any gaps between matched patterns are treated as brute-force "patterns" that also contribute to the total entropy. For example:
entropy("stockwell4$eR123698745") == surname_entropy("stockwell") + bruteforce_entropy("4$eR") + keypad_entropy("123698745")
That a password's entropy is the sum of its parts is a big assumption. However, it's a conservative assumption. By disregarding the "configuration entropy" — the entropy from the number and arrangement of the pieces — zxcvbn is purposely underestimating, by giving a password's structure away for free: It assumes attackers already know the structure (for example, surname-bruteforce-keypad), and from there, it calculates how many guesses they'd need to iterate through. This is a significant underestimation for complex structures. Considering
correcthorsebatterystaple, word-word-word-word, an attacker running a program like L0phtCrack or John the Ripper would typically try many simpler structures first, such as word, word-number, or word-word, before reaching word-word-word-word. I'm OK with this for three reasons:
- It's difficult to formulate a sound model for structural entropy; statistically, I don't happen to know what structures people choose most, so I'd rather do the safe thing and underestimate.
- For a complex structure, the sum of the pieces alone is often sufficient to give an "excellent" rating. For example, even knowing the word-word-word-word structure of
correcthorsebatterystaple, an attacker would need to spend centuries cracking it.
- Most people don't have complex password structures. Disregarding structure only underestimates by a few bits in the common case.
With this assumption out of the way, here's an efficient dynamic programming algorithm in CoffeeScript for finding the minimum non-overlapping match sequence. It runs in O(n·m) time for a length-n password with m (possibly overlapping) candidate matches.
# matches: the password's full array of candidate matches. # each match has a start index (match.i) and an end index (match.j) into # the password, inclusive. minimum_entropy_match_sequence = (password, matches) -> # e.g. 26 for lowercase-only bruteforce_cardinality = calc_bruteforce_cardinality password up_to_k = [] # minimum entropy up to k. backpointers = [] # for the optimal sequence of matches up to k, # holds the final match (match.j == k). # null means the sequence ends w/ a brute-force char for k in [0...password.length] # starting scenario to try to beat: # adding a brute-force character to the minimum entropy sequence at k-1. up_to_k[k] = (up_to_k[k-1] or 0) + lg bruteforce_cardinality backpointers[k] = null for match in matches when match.j == k [i, j] = [match.i, match.j] # see if minimum entropy up to i-1 + entropy of this match is less # than the current minimum at j. candidate_entropy = (up_to_k[i-1] or 0) + calc_entropy(match) if candidate_entropy < up_to_k[j] up_to_k[j] = candidate_entropy backpointers[j] = match # walk backwards and decode the best sequence match_sequence = [] k = password.length - 1 while k >= 0 match = backpointers[k] if match match_sequence.push match k = match.i - 1 else k -= 1 match_sequence.reverse() # fill in the blanks between pattern matches with bruteforce "matches" # that way the match sequence fully covers the password: # match1.j == match2.i - 1 for every adjacent match1, match2. make_bruteforce_match = (i, j) -> pattern: 'bruteforce' i: i j: j token: password[i..j] entropy: lg Math.pow(bruteforce_cardinality, j - i + 1) cardinality: bruteforce_cardinality k = 0 match_sequence_copy = [] for match in match_sequence # fill gaps in the middle [i, j] = [match.i, match.j] if i - k > 0 match_sequence_copy.push make_bruteforce_match(k, i - 1) k = j + 1 match_sequence_copy.push match if k < password.length # fill gap at the end match_sequence_copy.push make_bruteforce_match(k, password.length - 1) match_sequence = match_sequence_copy # or 0 corner case is for an empty password '' min_entropy = up_to_k[password.length - 1] or 0 crack_time = entropy_to_crack_time min_entropy # final result object password: password entropy: round_to_x_digits min_entropy, 3 match_sequence: match_sequence crack_time: round_to_x_digits crack_time, 3 crack_time_display: display_time crack_time score: crack_time_to_score crack_time
backpointers[j] holds the match in this sequence that ends at password position
j, or null if the sequence doesn't include such a match. Typical of dynamic programming, constructing the optimal sequence requires starting at the end and working backwards.
Especially because this is running browser-side as the user types, efficiency does matter. To get something up and running I started with the simpler O(2m) approach of calculating the sum for every possible non-overlapping subset, and it slowed down quickly. Currently all together, zxcvbn takes no more than a few milliseconds for most passwords. To give a rough ballpark: running Chrome on a 2.4 GHz Intel Xeon,
correcthorsebatterystaple took about 3ms on average.
coRrecth0rseba++ery9/23/2007staple$ took about 12ms on average.
Threat model: entropy to crack time
Entropy isn't intuitive: How do I know if 28 bits is strong or weak? In other words, how should I go from entropy to actual estimated crack time? This requires more assumptions in the form of a threat model. Let's assume:
- Passwords are stored as salted hashes, with a different random salt per user, making rainbow attacks infeasible.
- An attacker manages to steal every hash and salt. The attacker is now guessing passwords offline at max rate.
- The attacker has several CPUs at their disposal.
Here's some back-of-the-envelope numbers:
# for a hash function like bcrypt/scrypt/PBKDF2, 10ms is a safe lower bound # for one guess. usually a guess would take longer -- this assumes fast # hardware and a small work factor. adjust for your site accordingly if you # use another hash function, possibly by several orders of magnitude! SINGLE_GUESS = .010 # seconds NUM_ATTACKERS = 100 # number of cores guessing in parallel. SECONDS_PER_GUESS = SINGLE_GUESS / NUM_ATTACKERS entropy_to_crack_time = (entropy) -> .5 * Math.pow(2, entropy) * SECONDS_PER_GUESS
I added a .5 term because we're measuring the average crack time, not the time to try the full space.
This math is perhaps overly safe. Large-scale hash theft is a rare catastrophe, and unless you're being specifically targeted, it's unlikely an attacker would dedicate 100 cores to your single password. Normally an attacker has to guess online and deal with network latency, throttling, and CAPTCHAs.
Entropy calculation
Up next is how zxcvbn calculates the entropy of each constituent pattern.
calc_entropy() is the entry point. It's a simple dispatch:
calc_entropy = (match) -> return match.entropy if match.entropy? entropy_func = switch match.pattern when 'repeat' then repeat_entropy when 'sequence' then sequence_entropy when 'digits' then digits_entropy when 'year' then year_entropy when 'date' then date_entropy when 'spatial' then spatial_entropy when 'dictionary' then dictionary_entropy match.entropy = entropy_func match
I gave an outline earlier for how
repeat_entropy works. You can see the full scoring code on github, but I'll describe two other scoring functions here to give a taste:
spatial_entropy and
Consider the spatial pattern
qwertyhnm. It starts at
q, its length is 9, and it has 3 turns: the initial turn moving right, then down-right, then right. To parameterize:
s # number of possible starting characters. # 47 for QWERTY/Dvorak, 15 for pc keypad, 16 for mac keypad. L # password length. L >= 2 t # number of turns. t <= L - 1 # for example, a length-3 password can have at most 2 turns, like "qaw". d # average "degree" of each key -- the number of adjacent keys. # about 4.6 for QWERTY/Dvorak. (g has 6 neighbors, tilda only has 1.)
The space of total possibilities is then all possible spatial patterns of length L or less with t turns or less:
(i – 1) choose (j – 1) counts the possible configurations of turn points for a length-i spatial pattern with j turns. The -1 is added to both terms because the first turn always occurs on the first letter. At each of j turns, there's d possible directions to go, for a total of dj possibilities per configuration. An attacker would need to try each starting character too, hence the s. This math is only a rough approximation. For example, many of the alternatives counted in the equation aren't actually possible on a keyboard: for a length-5 pattern with 1 turn, "start at q moving left" gets counted, but isn't actually possible.
CoffeeScript allows natural expression of the above:
lg = (n) -> Math.log(n) / Math.log(2) nPk = (n, k) -> return 0 if k > n result = 1 result *= m for m in [n-k+1..n] result nCk = (n, k) -> return 1 if k == 0 k_fact = 1 k_fact *= m for m in [1..k] nPk(n, k) / k_fact spatial_entropy = (match) -> if match.graph in ['qwerty', 'dvorak'] s = KEYBOARD_STARTING_POSITIONS d = KEYBOARD_AVERAGE_DEGREE else s = KEYPAD_STARTING_POSITIONS d = KEYPAD_AVERAGE_DEGREE possibilities = 0 L = match.token.length t = match.turns # estimate num patterns w/ length L or less and t turns or less. for i in [2..L] possible_turns = Math.min(t, i - 1) for j in [1..possible_turns] possibilities += nCk(i - 1, j - 1) * s * Math.pow(d, j) entropy = lg possibilities # add extra entropy for shifted keys. (% instead of 5, A instead of a.) # math is similar to extra entropy from uppercase letters in dictionary # matches, see the next snippet below. if match.shifted_count S = match.shifted_count U = match.token.length - match.shifted_count # unshifted count possibilities = 0 possibilities += nCk(S + U, i) for i in [0..Math.min(S, U)] entropy += lg possibilities entropy
On to dictionary entropy:
dictionary_entropy = (match) -> entropy = lg match.rank entropy += extra_uppercasing_entropy match entropy += extra_l33t_entropy match entropy
The first line is the most important: The match has an associated frequency rank, where words like the and good have low rank, and words like photojournalist and maelstrom have high rank. This lets zxcvbn scale the calculation to an appropriate dictionary size on the fly, because if a password contains only common words, a cracker can succeed with a smaller dictionary. This is one reason why xkcd and zxcvbn slightly disagree on entropy for
correcthorsebatterystaple (45.2 bits vs 44). The xkcd example used a fixed dictionary size of 211 (about 2k words), whereas zxcvbn is adaptive. Adaptive sizing is also the reason
zxcvbn.js includes entire dictionaries instead of a space-efficient Bloom filter — rank is needed in addition to a membership test.
I'll explain how frequency ranks are derived in the data section at the end. Uppercasing entropy looks like this:
extra_uppercase_entropy = (match) -> word = match.token return 0 if word.match ALL_LOWER # a capitalized word is the most common capitalization scheme, # so it only doubles the search space (uncapitalized + capitalized): # 1 extra bit of entropy. # allcaps and end-capitalized are common enough too, # underestimate as 1 extra bit to be safe. for regex in [START_UPPER, END_UPPER, ALL_UPPER] return 1 if word.match regex # otherwise calculate the number of ways to capitalize # U+L uppercase+lowercase letters with U uppercase letters or less. # or, if there's more uppercase than lower (for e.g. PASSwORD), the number # of ways to lowercase U+L letters with L lowercase letters or less. U = (chr for chr in word.split('') when chr.match /[A-Z]/).length L = (chr for chr in word.split('') when chr.match /[a-z]/).length possibilities = 0 possibilities += nCk(U + L, i) for i in [0..Math.min(U, L)] lg possibilities
So, 1 extra bit for first-letter-uppercase and other common capitalizations. If the uppercasing doesn't fit these common molds, it adds:
The math for l33t substitution is similar, but with variables that count substituted and unsubstituted characters instead of uppers and lowers.
Pattern matching
So far I covered pattern entropy, but not how zxcvbn finds patterns in the first place. Dictionary match is straightforward: check every substring of the password to see if it's in the dictionary:
dictionary_match = (password, ranked_dict) -> result = [] len = password.length password_lower = password.toLowerCase() for i in [0...len] for j in [i...len] if password_lower[i..j] of ranked_dict word = password_lower[i..j] rank = ranked_dict[word] result.push( pattern: 'dictionary' i: i j: j token: password[i..j] matched_word: word rank: rank ) result
ranked_dict maps from a word to its frequency rank. It's like an array of words, ordered by high-frequency-first, but with index and value flipped. l33t substitutions are detected in a separate matcher that uses
dictionary_match as a primitive. Spatial patterns like
bvcxz are matched with an adjacency graph approach that counts turns and shifts along the way. Dates and years are matched with regexes. Hit matching.coffee on github to read more.
As mentioned earlier, the 10k password list is from Burnett, released in 2011.
Frequency-ranked names and surnames come from the freely available 2000 US Census. To help zxcvbn not crash ie7, I cut off the surname dictionary, which has a long tail, at the 80th percentile (meaning 80% of Americans have one of the surnames in the list). Common first names include the 90th percentile.
The 40k frequency list of English words comes from a project on Wiktionary, which counted about 29M words across US television and movies. My hunch is that of all the lists I could find online, television and movie scripts will capture popular usage (and hence likely words used in passwords) better than other sources of English, but this is an untested hypothesis. The list is a bit dated; for example, Frasier is the 824th most common word.
At first glance, building a good estimator looks about as hard as building a good cracker. This is true in a tautological sort of way if the goal is accuracy, because "ideal entropy" — entropy according to a perfect model — would measure exactly how many guesses a given cracker (with a smart operator behind it) would need to take. The goal isn't accuracy, though. The goal is to give sound password advice. And this actually makes the job a bit easier: I can take the liberty of underestimating entropy, for example, with the only downside of encouraging passwords that are stronger than they need to be, which is frustrating but not dangerous.
Good estimation is still difficult, and the main reason is there's so many different patterns a person might use. zxcvbn doesn't catch words without their first letter, words without vowels, misspelled words, n-grams, zipcodes from populous areas, disconnected spatial patterns like
qzwxec, and many more. Obscure patterns (like Catalan numbers) aren't important to catch, but for each common pattern that zxcvbn misses and a cracker might know about, zxcvbn overestimates entropy, and that's the worst kind of bug. Possible improvements:
- zxcvbn currently only supports English words, with a frequency list skewed toward American usage and spelling. Names and surnames, coming from the US census, are also skewed. Of the many keyboard layouts in the world, zxcvbn recognizes but a few. Better country-specific datasets, with an option to choose which to download, would be a big improvement.
- As this study by Joseph Bonneau attests, people frequently choose common phrases in addition to common words. zxcvbn would be better if it recognized "Harry Potter" as a common phrase, rather than a semi-common name and surname. Google's n-gram corpus fits in a terabyte, and even a good bigram list is impractical to download browser-side, so this functionality would require server-side evaluation and infrastructure cost. Server-side evaluation would also allow a much larger single-word dictionary, such as Google's unigram set.
- It'd be better if zxcvbn tolerated misspellings of a word up to a certain edit distance. That would bring in many word-based patterns, like skip-the-first-letter. It's hard because word segmentation gets tricky, especially with the added complexity of recognizing l33t substitutions.
Even with these shortcomings, I believe zxcvbn succeeds in giving better password advice in a world where bad password decisions are widespread. I hope you find it useful. Please fork on github and have fun!
Big thanks to Chris Varenhorst, Gautam Jayaraman, Ben Darnell, Alicia Chen, Todd Eisenberger, Kannan Goundan, Chris Beckmann, Rian Hunter, Brian Smith, Martin Baker, Ivan Kirigin, Julie Tung, Tido the Great, Ramsey Homsany, Bart Volkmer and Sarah Niyogi for helping review this post.


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Police: Sex offender kidnaps, rapes woman from Staples parking lot
Warrants have been issued for Adwin Frank Sylvester, a Fort Smith man accused of kidnapping, rape, aggravated robbery and being a felon in possession of a firearm.
According to a police report, Sylvester was accused of kidnapping a 54-year-old Van Buren woman from the Staples parking lot in Fort Smith, Tuesday morning. The victim told police Sylvester forced her into a car and sexually assaulted her, while traveling to Mena. The woman said while refueling at a gas station in Ashdown, she ran from the vehicle and told other patrons to call 911.
Later Tuesday afternoon, police said Sylvester was spotted in Ashdown, Arkansas, and following a pursuit, Sylvester was taken into custody. Police said during the chase, Sylvester threw a semi-automatic handgun from the vehicle.
Sylvester is currently being held at the Sevier County Detention Center in Dequeen, Arkansas, police said.
According to the report, further investigation revealed Fort Smith Police received a 9-1-1 call from a manager of Staples Tuesday morning, reporting that a woman was being forced into a car with a man who might have a gun, and informing police which direction the car was headed. The information was sent out to officers as a BOLO (Be On the Look Out), but an officer was not dispatched to the scene, according to the release.
The Fort Smith Police Chief has ordered an internal investigation regarding the series of events surrounding the 911 call.


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The weather here in St. Peter-Ording is always unpredictable. During this morning's riders meeting the race director, Olaf Van Tol announced that he would not run the competition until the wind conditions picked up in strength. Organizers as well as crew members had extra time this morning to prepare and tie up loose ends.
At 3:00pm the weather had begun to shift from sunny blue skies and near windless conditions to cloudy grey skies with storm like winds. Van Tol announced that he would begin with the men's freestyle trials eliminations. The wind strength was up and down most of the afternoon, with rain squalls, however the show must go on.
Event organizers would not allow the judges to enter the tower because it was not stable enough, therefore three vehicles provided by the ACT agency were used to encompass the judges in warmth and style while judging the first set of heats. An hour into the first round of heats the organizers announced that the judges tower was secure and safe for the judging to proceed from there.
Eight men from the first round of heats as well as eight men from the second round of heats will move on to the men's freestyle main event which will commence tomorrow.
It is the first time in PKRA history that as many as 114 competitors registered for a single event.
Congratulations to all the men freestyle riders who will continue on to the men's freestyle main event.
Tomorrow's mandatory skippers' meeting is scheduled for 10:00am.
Men's Freestyle Trial Elimination Winners advancing into the Main event are:
Julien Kerneur (Takoon, FRA)
Bram Bast (JN-Kites, NED)
Niklas Imaz De Zavella (North, GER)
Mike Blomvall (Nobile, SWE)
Tom Schuller (North, GER)
Christopher Tach (Liquid Force, BEL)
Alexandre Neto (Liquid Force, BRA)
Jerrie Van de Kop (Flexifoil, NED)
Tijn Van Esch (Advance Kites, NED)
Johnno Scholte (Slingshot, NED)
Christian Winkenjohann (Flexifoil, GER)
Forest Bakker (Flexifoil, FRA)
Olly Bridge (North, GBR)
Marian Hund (North, GER)
Nils Wesch (Naish, GER)
Miguel Castro (Core, GER)


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|product name: Ocimple O'Cimple Light Therapy System (1piece)
|item no.: 105948002001
|brand: Ocimple
|function: Blemish ScarsAnce CareIntense Pulsed Light (IPL)
|category: Beauty Devices
|product size: 1 piece
|country of origin: Korea
The O'Cimple Light Therapy offers a convenient and safe alternative to creams and prescriptions for treating mild-moderate acne. Hold it moderate next to your skin for an intensive treatment or use the stand for a longer session and treat a wider area. The blue and red LED`s are proven in clinical trials to tackle bacteria and inflammation, giving noticeable results in 4 weeks and significant improvement in the overall appearance of skin after 12 weeks. Many acne patients find that their skin improves after exposure to sunlight and research has focused on specific wavelengths of light. Blue LED`s (wavelength 420nm) produce light that can eradicate the Propionibacterium acnesbacteria causing the inflammation; red LED`s (wavelength 660nm) are used to further promote the healing process.
Features of the O'Cimple Light Therapy Device :
Blue LED Therapy`s to kill bacteria causing acne.
The blue light therapy kills the Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. This bacteria is one of the cause of acne, and is sensitive to light in a certain range (405 to 420 nm). The bacteria absorb the light and the light kills the bacteria. Acne vanishes as a result. Because red light is more the "healing light", it is also used for acne: it reduces the inflammation caused by acne, reduces scarring and sebum and oil production. You look better, your skin is clear.
Red LED Therapy`s to reduce inflammation and stimulates the collagen production.
Collagen is responsible for the elasticity and firmness of your skin, resulting in the reduction of fine lines and wrinkles. The collagen is also the protein that repair damaged skin cells. You look younger and have a healthier skin.
Electrical Specifications:
Function :
P1 – Blue light for 5 min.
P2 – Blue light for 2.5 min + Red light for 2.5 min.
P3 – Red light for 5 min.
It is highly recommended to use this device for 15 minutes a day from P1 to P3. Each condition lasts 5 minutes and these functions make 15 minutes as a set. You can also use only P1, P2 or P3 continuously, though Blue light treats inflammatory acne and Red light improves skin. Therefore, it is most efficient to use Blue light & Red light alternately for making your skin more clean & beautiful.
oily and acne skin / mature skin


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Shipping and Receiving
Receiving personnel are not equipped to handle oversized, bulky, and scientific equipment. If you have deliveries of items weighing in excess of 300 pounds and measuring more than 30 cubic feet, you should coordinate for the supplier to arrange for inside delivery to the office or research lab where the equipment is to be installed. Receiving personnel and physical plant will not be able to make an inside delivery for you on these type items.
Each department is charged for cylinder rental for gas cylinders that are used at LSUHSC. Receiving is responsible for accepting and tagging cylinders when deliveries are made. Receiving personnel should be notified when cylinders are empty so these cylinders can be returned to the gas vendor to avoid additional demurrage charges.
- Use strong boxes
- Use proper packaging tape (no scotch tape).
- Use correct filling material; bubble wrap, peanuts, air bags.
- Pack contents tightly to avoid load/contents shifting.
- Use computer generated shipping labels.
- Get precise measurements of box & weight for UPS.


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However, I am surprised to go to the mountains.
I will pretty much grip.
I do not know about durability as this is my first time.
- отправил Dec 3, 2018Made in TANAX of safety and achievementRecent Motorcycle has no Point to hook Loading Hook, so products that add this HookPoint's are necessities.In the near future, we are forbidden to hide some of the License Plate by law amendment, ...Прочитайте больше
- отправил Dec 3, 2018Almost satisfied!There was no feeling of Fit than when trying on at the shop but I think that it will be a good feeling if used. I think that the feeling of operation will also be desire if you get used to itПрочитайте больше
- Подходит для:
отправил Dec 3, 2018More satisfied than I expected (Since Pa...Installed in S1000XRMounting Bracket was not webike, so I imported directlyConsidering shipping costs for OBK 58, webike saves moneyWe already installed SIDEPannier of OBK 37, and at that time the key...Прочитайте больше
- HONDA HORNET250 96-07 [M7 base (91332) + monolack fitting 162 FZ (94017)]
- HONDA HORNET600 (EUROPE Specification) 07-10 [M7 Base (91332) + Monolack Fitting 263 FZ (95340)]
- HONDA HORNET600 (EUROPE Specification) 07-10 [M5 Base (90140) + Monolack Fitting 263 FZ (95340)]
- HONDA HORNET600 (EUROPE Specification) 03-06 [M7 base (91332)]
- HONDA HORNET600 (EUROPE Specification) 03-06 [M5 base (90140)]
- ...и более.
- отправил Dec 3, 2018Cost pa high"You can operate smartphones, windproof Spec. I can cover my wrist, but it is not too long. "I was looking for it under this condition, but the Exactly Spec. There was this item.You can do s...Прочитайте больше
- Подходит для:
отправил Dec 3, 2018As expected, Titanium is light!Very light compared to Normal silencerWith regard to mounting accuracy, installation completed in about 20 minutes without any problemRegarding volume, it is NORMAL + α feeling, and it seems that ther...Прочитайте больше


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SUMMER IS HERE!…ok well it officially starts tomorrow but we can't contain our excitement so we're getting started a day early. Ahhh Summer, the season of extended daylight, backyard BBQs, road trips with friends, summer playlists, and Tanlines + Lemonade of course.
Apologies for that simple and obvious play on words. But honestly as sure as you're likely to have some tan lines after laying around the pool drinking a glass of lemonade this summer, we're convinced both bands (Tanlines and Lemonade) will be on your iPods/stereos while doing so. But don't take our word for it, Creator's Project said that Tanlines are "destined to become your summer soundtrack", and New York Magazine, Stereogum, and Refinery 29 couldn't agree more, naming "All Of Me" one of their Songs Of The Summer.
Anyhow since we'll be spending all summer together, it's probably a good time to get to know your Tanlines better. Courtesy of Creator's Project, click HERE for an intimate look at the band Tanlines, their recording process, how they formed, and much much more.
Also Tanlines will be performing across the US all summer long, starting tomorrow night with an official summer kick off show at the House of Vans in Brooklyn. A full list of summer tour dates is below.
Mon, June 25 – Los Angeles, CA – School Night @ Bardot (DJ set only)
Tue, June 26 – Santa Barbara, CA – Velvet Jones (presented by 92.9 KJEE)
Wed, June 27 – San Francisco, CA – Brick & Mortar Music Hall (presented by Live 105)
Thu, June 28 – Seattle, WA – Neumo's (presented by 107.7 The End)
Fri, July 13 – Louisville, KY – Forecastle Festival
Sun, July 15 – Chicago, IL – Lincoln Hall (discount for Pitchfork Festival wristband holders)
Thu, July 19 – Miami, FL – Bardot Miami
Fri, Aug 10 – San Francisco, CA – Outside Lands Festival
Sat, Aug 11 – Columbus, OH – Summerfest 2012
Sat, Sept 1 – Los Angeles, CA – FYF Festival
Thu, Sept 6 – Portland, OR – Music Fest NW


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One of the most important pieces of equipment you need for your golf game isn't even in your bag.
They're on your feet. We're talking golf shoes.
There are so many different ones to choose from these days -- different styles, different colors and, no doubt, different levels of comfort.
If you're gearing up for a new golf season, looking into a new pair of shoes is a great place to start. With that, we asked our friends in PGA.com Facebook Nation to tell us: What type of golf shoes would you recommend?
Here's a look at the best answers we received.
Also, feel free to click on the brand name of the shoes to learn more.
9. Walter Genuin. Here's how they're described: "Walter Genuin Golf Shoes are handcrafted in Italy, combining the highest standards of quality, comfort and craftsmanship with fresh and vibrant styling concepts. Walter Genuin golf shoes have an unrivaled reputation on the world's golf courses. Their golf shoes are typified by the combination of classic designs paired with fresh color concepts, exquisite materials and beautiful execution. A pair of Walter Genuin Golf Shoes is a lasting investment in quality, character and distinction."
Facebook fan quote:
"I only wear Walter Genuin's. They are the most comfortable shoes in my closet and the most stylish golf shoe around. You could get away with wearing them off the course, too!" -- Dawn Berdine Mihlfeld
8. Dexter. We couldn't find them anywhere online (not sure they're making golf shoes anymore), but I myself remember having my own pair of saddleback Dexter shoes.
Facebook fan quote:
"Vintage Dexters with steel spikes and leather soles. Preferably Burgundy." -- Tony Saldana
7. Oakley. That's right, folks -- Oakley doesn't just make sunglasses. Masters champion Bubba Watson is outfitted in Oakley gear this year.
Facebook fan quotes:
"Oakley Ciphers are amazing." -- Rob Bankoski
6. Puma. With the emergence of Rickie Fowler, Puma's golf footwear has evolved in a big way. Any bright, bold color you can think of? Chances are Puma has it.
Facebook fan quotes:
"Puma cell fusion. Stability of upper end FJ's and as comfortable as the casual running shoe type of spikes." -- Ryan Grymes
"Give Puma a try, love 'em!" -- Steve Nolawski
"Puma cell fusions." -- Ryan Tracy
"Puma comfortable and stylish." -- Paul Cleveland
5. Ecco. Let's face it, anything Fred Couples wears is cool. Remember a few years ago when everyone was asking, "Are those tennis shoes Freddie is wearing to play golf?" They were actually golf shoes. Ecco pretty much redefined style when it came to golf shoes with a more "athletic" looking shoe.
Facebook fan quotes:
"Ecco. Worth the money. I've had a pair for 5 years and they still look great and feel comfy." -- Kathi Cambre Kelly
"Ecco brand... Unreal! Pricey but your feet are worth it!" -- Rob Mason
"Ecco boat shoes like Fred Couples got to wear them without socks." -- Eric Torres
"Hands down Ecco." -- Scott Suiter
4. True linkswear. Have you heard of these yet? You probably have by now. Simply put, they're amazing. Wearing a pair of Trues is like walking barefoot on the golf course. That -- we think -- can only help your game because you can feel the terrain before you hit your shot. True linkswear offers different styles and an assortment of colors. They're the preferred choice of Tour winner Ryan Moore.
Facebook fan quotes:
"True Linkswear." -- Jeff Schreer
"Can't believe no one had said True Linkswear. The Zero Drop technology along with the TRUE platform give great comfort with amazing feel and grip. " -- Guye Yturralde
"True linkswear destroy every shoe out there, best feel hands down." -- Jason Stone
"True Linkswear are the best shoes. The barefoot design of these shoes enable you to feel better connected to the surface while providing ultimate balance and control for your swing." -- Jess Bondoc
"Trues forever. Barefoot technology and cool looks. Beats them all." -- Thomas Kjær
"True tours have kept me happy for three years now!" -- Matt Cooke
"True Linkswear, hands down. I've got 15 pairs of Adidas, Nike and FootJoy gathering dust after I bought my first pair of Trues a couple years ago!" -- Eric Kuhn
"I recommend TRUE LINKS -- they are the most comfortable golf shoes I have ever worn and come for ladies and men. And the great part is because they are spikeless you can wear them to and from the course which saves time and energy!" -- Linda McCormack
"True linkswear -- so long as I wear slacks. They're low to the ground, they have a wide toe box and the traction bars keep me stable. With shorts, in the middle of California's hot summers, I like Adidas's sneaker looks. I'm a walker." -- Humberto García
3. Adidas. They're making a lot of noise this season with the new Adizero, which they say is, "so light, it's like wearing nothing at all."
Facebook fan quotes:
"Adidas adizero." -- Ben Roszko
"Adidas!" -- Victor Kirstein
"adidas Puremotion or TRUE linkswear. Anything that is low to the ground, with a wide toe box, flexible and minimally structured. For too long golfers have had their feet entombed in the shoe equivalent of an armored personnel carrier." -- Ken Van Vechten
"Just picked up the Adizeros. Best shoes I've used. Light weight, breathable, and ultra comfortable." -- TJ Norred
"Adidas powerband 3.0 comfy and springy. Got them in white and have had for 2 years." -- Liam Callaghan
"Adidas adizero Tour." -- René Madsen
"Adidas Powerband 3.0, had them for a while and after walking 18, no matter how much I have to zig zag from tree line to tree line, they never leave my feet hurting. Wide base and great support all around." -- Ryan Duncan
"Adidas is the only performance shoe that doesn't need any break in time, fits right out of the box to the first tee!" -- Jake Potter
"I have tried them all. Adidas makes the most comfortable, and the most stylish of them all. Interested in trying out the new line of FJ though. Those look nice." -- Nicholas Kenis
"I have 6 pair of various kinds of Adidas golf shoes and love them all." -- Jeff Omspaugh
2. Nike. It's what the world's No. 1 AND No. 2 players wear. Like the others, Nike has a variety of styles -- some that look just like training shoes. Everyone, it seems, loves the Swoosh.
Facebook fan quotes:
"Nike Control." -- Jason Mullin
"Nike TW13, they meet all the standard requirements of a great golf shoe. Great support, great comfort, water proof and the kicker they look stylish." -- Rob Clark
"Nike Air Embellish. Four different looks in one shoe and extremely comfortable." -- Donna Davis Burnett
"Nike -- very comfortable brand." -- Frank Pinto Jr
"Nike." -- Ric Hamlin
"New Nikes." -- Sean Eaglefeather Cook
"Nike Air Range 2." -- Thomas Phillips
"Tiger Edition Nike greatest golf shoe ever made." -- Brad Knudson
"Nike Lunar Control 2. I've used the 1's for ages now and they're still going strong, still VERY comfortable and still look good." -- David Williams
1. FootJoy. Their slogan is, "The No. 1 shoe in golf," and it's certainly been the preferred choice of top pros for years. It seemed, forever, as though FootJoy had no competition in the golf shoe market. It dominated. The times have changed and golf shoe technology has evolved. There's certainly more competition than ever when it comes to what graces the feet of the world's best, but FootJoy continues to be among the best. And, as far as PGA.com Facebook Nation is concerned, FootJoy is in fact, "The No. 1 shoe in golf."
Facebook fan quotes:
"FootJoy." -- Steve DeLapp
"The FJ Sport are amazing shoes." -- Ryan Edsall
"FootJoy...They feel like walking on a cloud in Heaven. They're more comfortable than my sneakers." -- Dan Routhier
"FootJoy, they bring joy to my feet." -- Andrew Smith
"FootJoy Classics were the best. They provided a lot of support and they molded to your feet after time." -- Chris Young
"FootJoy Icon." -- Scott Burton
"FJ Icons. Classic look, good support, quality." -- Jace Magavern
"I've always liked the higher end Footjoy collection." -- Simone Jimenez
"I love my FJ XPS-1 shoes I feel very grounded and stable through out my swing and they are very comfortable!" -- Joshua Schreckengost
"FootJoy DryJoy." -- Ryan Turcotte
"I play FootJoy as they provide the best base for my golf swing. I have used most other brands but prefer FootJoy DryJoys." -- Herbert Gould
"Anything FootJoy. Such great shoes -- so comfortable, and you never have to take time to 'break them in.' They do not give me any blisters, and the great variety in styles keeps me coming back!" -- Erika Ashley
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This post is mostly for those who noticed my absence and checked up on me (thank you!).
I'm still alive, still struggling with my diabetes and juggling my new life, family, and (gasp!) career. I also still sew a little bit. The first pillow was my attempt at herringbone quilting. I'm sure I did it the hard way, but I love how it turned out. I just used scraps left from the quilt that I still haven't finished.
Then I got the bug to try some embroidery and a dresden plate. Now to decide how I want to quilt it. Someday it will join the herringbone pillow on the sofa. Emboidery design via Nana Company. I followed the Dresden Plate tutorial from Sew Mama Sew. Can you tell what are my favorite colors of late?
I've also been working on window coverings. First up, a sheer cotton voile drape for the back door. You may notice there are two fabrics...I ordered just shy of what I needed and had to improvise. It still feels unfinished. I can't decide if I want to add some lace or pom poms to the hem. What do you think? I used magnets to make a tie back, and added a turquoise button for fun. I wish I could take a better photo, but that's the best I could get with my camera. My turquoise kitchenaid is just to the left, so the button ties in. :)
I am also mostly done with cafe curtains for the dining area. The curtain rod is actually galvanized pipe and fittings. (Inspired by Simplicity in the South, found on pinterest) It was the only way to have a strong rod to span almost 7 feet. The curtains still need to be hemmed, but we needed a little privacy more. :) The fabric for both curtains I found on fabric.com. It's really a lovely white with golden yellow.
Another reason things have been busy...we've had 3 birthdays in 2 months. Today is Big Sister's 10th birthday. (Hence the banner.) We celebrated last night, with a special dinner and birthday cake. My oldest boy actually did much of the piping on the cake. My hands were really grateful. :)
I can hardly believe this bright, capable, creative child is 10. She is constantly doodling on any scrap of paper, and reads up a storm. We love her so much.
To sum up, I'm doing better, and still figuring things out. I hope this finds each of you happy, too.


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Victory Motorcycles to Unveil 15th Anniversary Special at International Motorcycle Show in New York City
MEDINA, Minn. (Jan. 16, 2013) – Victory Motorcycles – 15 Years Young and Just Getting Started – has several special attractions on tap for the International Motorcycle Show in New York City, Jan. 18-20, including the introduction of a limited-edition 15th Anniversary model. This special bike will be unveiled publicly on Friday, Jan. 18, at 6 p.m. (EST) at the Victory display in the Jacob K. Javits Center.
It was 15 years ago that the first Victory motorcycles hit the open road. Victory No. 1 – a V92C classic cruiser – was built on the Fourth of July 1998 at the Polaris/Victory production facility in Spirit Lake, Iowa. The limited edition 15th Anniversary Victory models will be produced on the same assembly line after the bike is unveiled in New York.
"We are excited to celebrate 15 years with our passionate riders," said Steve Menneto, Polaris VP Motorcycles. "Victory riders are men and women who demand the best Cruisers, Baggers, and Touring bikes on the road and we are excited to celebrate this exciting time with them while also continuing to develop new models to ensure more great riding ahead."
Victory's New York IMS Plans
The Victory display at the New York IMS will include the complete 2013 Victory motorcycle lineup – Cruisers, Baggers and Touring models – as well as a large collection of new Victory apparel. Other highlights of the display and the New York show weekend will include:
• Victory Bagger Bar: Riders can take a seat at the Victory Bagger Bar to learn more about Victory baggers and accessories from Victory engineers and accessories developers. Tablets at the Victory Bagger Bar will provide interactive access to the accessories catalog and allow riders to virtually "build" accessorized Victory models.
• National Motorcycle Museum Ness Victory Custom: Legendary custom bike builders – and Victory dealers – Arlen Ness and Cory Ness will introduce the Ness Custom Cross Country that will be raffled off to raise funds for the National Motorcycle Museum (www.nationalmcmuseum.org) in Anamosa, Iowa. Victory donated the bike and the Nesses customized it into a one-of-a-kind custom that includes museum graphics. The bike will be unveiled Friday, Jan. 18, after the Victory 15th Anniversary model is introduced.
• 'Gunny' & The Bunnies: Actor, Victory rider and retired U.S. Marine R. Lee Ermey – better known as "The Gunny" – will be at the Victory display for autograph and photo sessions with riders, as will Playboy Playmates who appeared in the 2013 Victory Motorcycles brochure.
The Bunnies are scheduled to be at the Victory display: Friday, Jan. 18, 1-3 p.m., 4-5 p.m. and 7-9 p.m.; and Saturday, Jan. 19, 10-11 a.m., noon-2 p.m., 5-6 p.m., and 7-9 p.m.
Gunny is scheduled to appear Saturday, Jan. 19, at: 10 a.m.-noon, 2-4 p.m., and 6-8 p.m.
Use Victory Discount Code to Save on Show Tickets
Victory is making it possible for riders to save $3 per ticket for any IMS event by purchasing tickets online in advance. To order, visit www.motorcycleshows.com and enter the Victory discount code: Victory3.
About Polaris
Polaris is a recognized leader in the powersports industry with annual 2011 sales of $2.7 billion. Polaris designs, engineers, manufactures and markets innovative, high quality off-road vehicles (ORVs), including all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and the Polaris RANGER® side-by-side vehicles, snowmobiles, motorcycles and on-road electric/hybrid powered vehicles.
Polaris is among the global sales leaders for both snowmobiles and off-road vehicles and has established a presence in the heavyweight cruiser and touring motorcycle market with the Victory and Indian motorcycle brands. Additionally, Polaris continues to invest in the global on-road small electric/hybrid vehicle industry with Global Electric Motorcars (GEM) and Goupil Industrie SA, and internally developed vehicles. Polaris enhances the riding experience with a complete line of Pure Polaris apparel, accessories and parts, available at Polaris dealerships.
Polaris Industries Inc. trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "PII", and the Company is included in the S&P Mid-Cap 400 stock price index.
Information about the complete line of Polaris products, apparel and vehicles accessories is available from authorized Polaris dealers or anytime at www.polaris.com.
PLAYBOY, Rabbit Head Design and PLAYMATE are trademarks of Playboy Enterprises International, Inc., and are used with permission by Polaris Industries Inc.


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Guthrie over Ventura boils down to experience
Yost opts to start right-hander in home opener, move prize rookie to Tuesday
KANSAS CITY -- When the Royals were rained out on Thursday at Detroit, the question was raised: Why not just move probable starting pitcher Yordano Ventura, the prize rookie, over to the home opener on Friday against the White Sox instead of staying with veteran Jeremy Guthrie?
Simple answer in manager Ned Yost's thinking.
"Here's the deal: When you're rained out, your fifth starter gets bumped. In reality, Ventura's our fifth starter," Yost said. "The only reason he's not our fifth starter [in order of the rotation] is because I didn't want Bruce [Chen] back to back with [Jason] Vargas. I wanted Guthrie to start Opening Day because he's always had good success against Chicago."
Included was Guthrie's 3-1 victory over the White Sox in last year's third game at Chicago.
"This is kind of like a mirror image of last year," Yost said before Friday's game. "We started out 0-2 and Guthrie facing Chicago. He ended up pitching a great game, and actually we got on a bit of a run in April after that. When I saw the schedule, I thought that would be kind of the perfect scenario for that."
Another factor was Ventura's limited experience and Guthrie's vast experience that included four season openers in the previous six years. Ventura's total Major League exposure was three starts last September.
"He's a guy with three Major League starts under his belt, and I'm not going to start him Opening Day," Yost said.
By the way, Yost also reaffirmed that Ventura has no innings limit in his rookie season.
"There's not an innings debate. How many times do I have to say it?" Yost said.
Meantime, Yost hoped to use Ventura in a relief appearance either Friday or Saturday. If not, he'll throw a side session on Sunday to prepare for his Tuesday night start against the Tampa Bay Rays.
For those fans eager to see Ventura, there should be plenty of seats available on Tuesday night.
"They'll see him pitch quite a bit, a whole lot, but that doesn't mean I'm going to deviate from anything that we need to do," Yost said.


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PTFE Bush for gear shifter
Typically gear shifter are mounted in the aluminum housing of gearbox. Thus wear of aluminum housing makes rough gear shifting. SKF PTFE bush are used to make smooth gear shifting and also avoid wear of aluminum housing.
- Reduce vibration
- Reduce friction
- Increase life by reducing wear
Typical applications
- Gear shifter assembly


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Results are Tagged with "Burundi"
The Mandela Washington Fellowship for Young African Leaders is the flagship program of the Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI). Since its start in 2014, the program has empowered young people through academic coursework, leadership training, and networking.
Young non-elite athletes and coaches chosen by U.S. missions overseas to visit the United States for a fast-paced two week exchange program.
Study of the U.S. Institutes for Scholars are designed to strengthen curricula and improve the quality of teaching about the United States in academic institutions overseas.
Writers gather in Iowa City for this 10-week residency to work on personal creative writing projects, to give readings and lectures, and to interact with American audiences and literary communities across the U.S
Connects talented, emerging women leaders from all over the world with members of Fortune's Most Powerful Women Leaders for a month-long internship program.


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Kevin Brotzman
Class of 2004
Major/Minor: Drama, English
Kevin works in Washington, D.C. as a Data Researcher at U.S. News and World Report.
The drama major fulfilled his senior thesis obligation at WC by directing a production of Rebecca Gilman's Blue Surge. His favorite WC productions include Fuddy Meers (2001 - Limping Man) and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (2003 - Rosencrantz). He has appeared in productions with the Rude Mechanicals [most recently: Faustus, 2007 (Chorus 1/Evil Angel/Dick/Sloth)] and the Mobtown Players [Servant of Two Masters, 2007 (Silvio Lombardi)].
Undergrad Highlights
- Majors: Drama, English
- Minor: Creative Writing


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Get Your Free Audiobook
In Real Life
Publisher's Summary
In the final play of a trilogy that began with Pretty Fire and continued with Neat, In Real Life finds Charlayne Woodard pursuing her dreams in New York City. From early days as a stuggling actor to being nominated for a Tony Award, the harsh realities of Broadway are balanced by the unusual and comforting characters that touched her life.
More from the same
A happy, intelligent, artistic African-American girl from upstate New York heads to the Big Apple to make it to the big time in the late 1970s. What could've been easier? In this wonderfully energetic and warmly humorous one-woman show, Charlayne Woodard takes us on a tour of the Lower East Side, doing perfect impressions of her worried mother, her upper-middle-class white boyfriend, a shaman-like Rastafarian, and all the characters she comes to love in the cast of 'Ain't Misbehavin'. The audio's belly-laugh showstopper may be Woodard's innocently sincere rendition of "Auld Lang Syne" as her musical audition piece. Woodard's tremendous talent as a writer and performer are apparent in every second of this live recording.


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Mark Phillip Herron passed away on July 12, 2012. Born on April 21, 1958 in Salina, UT to Lonny D. and Eloise Walker Herron, he spent most of his life in Monticello.
He was a very gifted and talented "Jack of All Trades", having worked as a miner, driller, lumberjack, farmer, rancher, mechanic, general handyman and a carpenter.
His greatest love was working with wood, building cabinets or refinishing old furniture making it look brand new. Creating art from anything out of wood was his passion.
His second love was farming, driving a tractor, turning the soil, and planting the seeds.
Watching the land turn from bare ground, or covered scrub brush and weeds into something as beautiful as waving fields of wheat gave him great satisfaction.
Mark was an avid outdoorsman, hiking, fishing and hunting for relics from our past, he loved the wild parts of San Juan County, the mountains, canyons, deserts, farmland and vistas.
There are few places in the backcountry that he had not been, either on foot or on a four-wheeler.
He will truly be missed by those who loved and understood the person behind the rugged and tough veneer.
Mark is survived by his parents, Lonny D. Herron of Central, UT and Eloise Walker Herron of Monticello; son Daniel (Sarah), daughter Loni (Dave); his grandchildren Savanna, Daniel Jr., and Chevy; siblings Lana, Eric (Doris), Heidi (Faron), Deri, Jane (Danny), Gloria (Richard), Julie (James), and Michael (Susie); and multiple nieces and nephews.
Card of thanks
A special thanks to the doctors and staff at St. Mary's Hospital; to all of the wonderful hospices workers from Rocky Mt. Health Care; to his nurse Alexis Laub for helping make his last days as comfortable as possible, while helping him retain his dignity.
Thanks to Kevin and Robin Ramsey, his long time employers and friends, for their friendship and allowing the family to use their property to store Mark's last piece of wood art; to our neighbors, the Eardley's, Valdez's, Crain's, Langford's, Tanner's, and Ferguson's for their thoughtfulness and compassion during Mark's illness. We appreciate all you have done to help Mark and our family.
Herron and Barton families


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The thing is that I am translating this movie ("This Is England") into my mother language (Estonian), but I am having little problems with some phrases:
-And I've come to give you gyp
-You're drawing a fine line
Well maybe somebody can explain me these phrases.
Here are also the longer dialogue:
- What's his name?
- Harvey.
- Harvey?
- What sort of a bloody girl's name is Harvey?
- Hello. I'm Harvey.
- And I've come to give you gyp.
- I've got one of these for you, Sonny Jim.
- I've got one of those for you.
- My name is Harvey.
- You're drawing a fine line.
- You're drawing a fine line. Eh?
- Bloody hell!
- Where the frig have you been?
- Bloody Ada!
Blood Ada is a euphemism - it has no specific meaning. In your translation use a colloquial equivalent to "bloody hell".


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What Are My Text Layout Options?
Website Builder offers you many layouts to choose from. Each layout includes specific areas for your title text, your subtitle text, and your main content. For best results, your Web page content should be added to content blocks in the body of your Web page. With the exception of your page title, content should not be entered into the heading at the top of your page.
When adding text to your website, you may want to consider the following guidelines:
- Page Title
- The page title should summarize the contents of the page. This should be no more than one sentence in length. Just a few words may suffice. A lengthy title may disrupt the layout of your page.
- Content Headings
- Adding a heading to each unique block of text is useful for highlighting individual sections. Headings do not need to be gigantic. Typically, one and a half times the size of body text is recommended. You also have other options that allow you to emphasize headings without increasing their size. For example, you can make the text bold or use a different color. These techniques can be especially helpful when you need multiple levels of headings.
- Column Width
- In Website Builder, content blocks are designed with a pre-determined width. This ensures good readability as the reader does not have to scan a wide body of text.
- Font Size
- The size of text should also be considered for your target audience. If the text is too small or too large, the reader may lose track of the start of each line.
- Text Alignment
- There are several ways to align text:
- Left aligned text has a straight left margin, but a ragged right margin as different lines take up different amounts of space.
- Right aligned text is the reverse, lined up along the right margin instead.
- Center alignment places items an equal distance from the left and right margins.
- Justified text alters word and letter spacing so that it lines up along both margins.


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Dr. Shay Hershkovitz comes to the XPRIZE Foundation with more than 20 years of experience in consulting, strategic planning, market research and crowdsourcing. He is the Director of Research, Global Impact Strategy at XPRIZE, and is responsible for providing research strategy, framework and methodology to support XPRIZE's futuristic roadmaps and prizes; creating research-based content for the Foundation's roadmaps; and creating, developing and maintaining expert communities, that provide crowdsourced-based analysis.
Prior to joining XPRIZE, Shay was the Chief Strategy Officer at Wikistrat, a crowd-based consultancy, and was an adjunct professor at Tel-Aviv and Bar-Ilan universities, were he focused on intelligence studies, middle-eastern geopolitics and advanced research methodologies.
Shay has a BA in middle-Eastern studies, and an MA and PhD in political science, were he focused on political theory. His post-doc research was conducted at the University of Maryland, focusing on the political aspects of consumption. Shay is a prolific writer: he is the author of the book "Aman comes to Light the Israeli intelligence in the 50s", as well as dozens of other academic articles. He also writes regularly to various media outlets in the US and elsewhere.


text:
Check out our Cadillac STS-V photo gallery
with 18 HQ pics.
Last update in STS-V gallery was at Wednesday, 19 Jan 2005 with 18 new photos.
Cadillac will declassify the new generation Escalade on February 4, 2020. Now the brand has shown the first teaser.
XT5 from Cadillac updated and ready for sales in China. Further, the novelty will follow in the rest of the world.
Cadillac showed a new sedan in the CT5 coupe form in New York. Novelty replacing CTS model.
Cadillac declassified the exterior with advanced features of the CT5 Sedan. The novelty will be a replacement for three models.
Cadillac was shown in Chicago auto show XT5 cross-country, which has the Sports Package.
Cadillac was presented in Detroit a first own electric car. While the nameless novelty appeared in the picture.
We select only big size cadillac sts-v photos
for our photogallery.


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Call it the Multi-trillion Dollar Question: Can the Industrial Internet of Things jump-start the lackluster global economy, which is still struggling almost six years after the onset of the Great Recession?
David Cameron seems to think so. He wants the United Kingdom to lead this "new industrial revolution," and has directed nearly $125 million to IIoT research. The Chinese government has designated the Industrial Internet of Things an "emerging strategic industry," and plans to invest some $800 million in the IIoT by 2015. These are among several governments looking to the IIoT as a means to stimulate national competitiveness and economic growth.
And with good reason: The Industrial Internet of Things—a vast network of IP-enabled devices interacting with one another and their human operators—has the potential to help overcome structural barriers to faster growth, such as low productivity, insufficient innovation and inadequate infrastructure. This emergent web will soon incorporate billions of nodes, and will help businesses, governments and individuals monitor and manage every aspect of their daily activities and operations.


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Innovation starts at Portland State University's (PSU) School of Business Administration (SBA) because PSU's professors know how to teach innovation. Part of Impact Entrepreneurs, the SBA's Business Leadership Program (BLP) offers highly customized management trainings in business fundamentals, social innovation and leadership effectiveness, providing employees with additional skills and perspective to improve their organization's financial, social and environmental performance.
Tailored to meet the unique needs of each participating organization, the program provides customized management training to high-potential staff at corporations such as The Standard and Blount International.
Last April, The Standard partnered with the BLP program to complete a service leadership project with Portland Habilitation Center Northwest (PHCNW), a 60-year old nonprofit organization that provides education, training and job opportunities for thousands of people with developmental, physical and mental disabilities. The team was tasked to build awareness and consideration of Ready Public charter school among prospective students and their families.
"It was a great opportunity to learn about things outside of my expertise, while applying skills within my expertise," said Stephanie Hilgendorf, manager of the Standard's Claims Quality Assurance area. "I have expanded my network within Standard and gained a better understanding of how the other divisions in my company function."
Beyond gaining understanding within The Standard, employees gained valuable perspective about what it's like to work in other sectors. "I also learned that nonprofits have to be very creative and resourceful to accomplish goals, as they often do not have all of the tools and resources available to best complete a job," said Stephanie. "The dedication and drive of those involved with PHCNW is amazing and they really care about helping others in the community. I learned that you can accomplish much more than you ever thought possible, as long as you have the motivation and are willing to spend the time and effort to achieve your goals."
Lead by Carolyn McKnight, director of the leadership curriculum for Portland State University's MBA program, BLP topics include best practices and the latest trends in financial management, process improvement, project management, marketing, social innovation, critical thinking and leadership. Classes are taught by professors from the School of Business.
If you're interested in partnering with the BLP, contact Impact Entrepreneurs at email@example.com for more information.


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Stocks end lower ahead of critical Ukraine vote
Stock investors started the week worrying about China. They ended it waiting on Russia.
Investors spent much of Friday monitoring developments in the Ukraine's region of Crimea, where residents will vote Sunday on whether to join Russia. The US and European Union have vowed to impose sanctions on Russia as early as Monday if Moscow moves to annex Crimea.
The uncertainty mostly stalled major stock indexes, which moved between small gains and losses through much of the day. Many investors took a cautious approach, turning to lower-risk stocks like utilities.
All told, the Dow Jones industrial average slid 43.22 points, or 0.3 percent, to end at 16,065.67. The Standard & Poor's 500 index fell 5.21 points, or 0.3 percent, to close at 1,841.13. The Nasdaq composite dropped 15.02 points, or 0.4 percent, to finish at 4,245.40.
Even so, the S&P 500 index ended the week down less than 2 percent from a record high reached the previous Friday. And it remains just slightly in the red for the year.
"The market is still pretty close to all-time highs. I think that speaks volumes," said Karyn Cavanaugh, a senior market strategist with ING US Investment Management. "The market hasn't been rattled severely by what's been going on this week, therefore I think next week I'd probably expect a similar reaction."
In government bond trading, the yield on the 10-year Treasury note was little changed from late Thursday at 2.65 percent.
Despite the Dow posting its fifth loss in five days, the market regained some of its footing from a day earlier, when the three major indexes lost more than 1 percent – the worst day for the market in six weeks. Thursday's decline was a sharp contrast to the relatively quiet trading Monday through Wednesday.
Discussions between US Secretary of State John Kerry and Russia Foreign minister Sergei Lavrov Friday set the mood heading into the weekend. Despite six hours of talks, the two sides had "no common vision," for the crisis in Ukraine, Lavrov said.
He told reporters that Russia has no plans to invade southeastern Ukraine.
But if Crimea secedes, the US and European Union plan to slap sanctions on Russian officials and businesses accused of escalating the crisis and undermining Ukraine's new government.
The impact of sanctions on Russia would likely affect the energy sector and oil in particular, said Jonathan Corpina, senior managing partner at Median Equity Partners.
"Any sanctions, if they get to that level, are going to have a major effect in all areas," he said.
Russia is the world's eighth largest economy. Its oil and gas exports make up roughly a quarter of its GDP.
Escalating tension in Ukraine is the latest development in a volatile year for the stock market. Severe winter weather has hurt corporate earnings and stoked doubts about the strength of the US economy. Concerns over emerging markets battered stocks at the end of January. And in recent weeks, discouraging data on the Chinese economy have added to investors' concerns.
That's a stark shift from last year, when the market enjoyed a surge of 30 percent and slightly more, if dividends are included.
"The ride this year will be bumpier than last year," said Jim Dunigan, managing executive of investments at The PNC Financial Services Group. "Coming off a market of plus 32 percent last year, it's not surprising the difficulty to gain any traction here."
Still, Cavanaugh of ING US Investment Management, said investors know that fundamentals are "solid."
She noted that corporate earnings are good at 8.5 percent growth in the fourth quarter versus a year earlier.
Beyond the action in Ukraine, investors also will have a dose of US housing data and an update from Fed Chair Janet Yellen in the mix next week. Fed policymakers are expected to continue scaling back the central bank's stimulus.
On Friday several stocks posted gains.
Keurig jumped $7.09, or nearly 7 percent, to $113.25 after Starbucks said Friday that it has agreed to give up its right to be the only provider of premium coffee for Keurig's coffee brewing machines. That opens the door for Keurig to offer other high-quality coffee brands in single-serving packages.
Ulta Salon, Cosmetics & Fragrances vaulted $5.75, or 6.4 percent, to $95.26. The beauty products retailer reported a nearly 10 percent increase in its fourth-quarter profit thanks to improved sales.
Among the decliners was retailer Aeropostale, which fell $1.47, or 20 percent, to $5.83 after reporting a wider loss late Thursday. The operator of clothing stores for teenagers also warned of tough times ahead.
Category: FinanceAsia


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Second New London budget referendum a year away
New London — Taxpayers will get a second crack at the $41.3 million general government budget — but not for a year.
On Monday night, a divided City Council accepted a petition calling for a second referendum on the 2012-13 budget, but could not agree on when to schedule the vote. It eventually deferred to wording in the city charter which stated the referendum would take during "the next municipal election" — in this case November 2013.
"Where are we? In the Twilight Zone?" asked resident William Cornish quietly after the council spent about 90 minutes reviewing the language in the charter, making motions that failed in split votes, and in the end accepting a petition for a referendum but setting the date for next year.
It is expected that the 2012-13 budget will remain intact through the referendum process.
Cornish, a spokesperson for Looking Out for Taxpayers, which began the petition drive, asked the council earlier in the meeting to reconsider the budget and "not to hide behind the law director's opinion."
"This has expanded vastly beyond a money issue,'' he said. " We're looking to you for some kind of balance, some kind a justice."
Two weeks ago, Mayor Daryl Justin Finizio instructed City Clerk Nathan Caron not to accept or certify any budget petitions, citing an opinion by the city law director that said the city cannot have a second budget referendum because it has already spent 25 percent of its budget. Attorney Jeffrey Londregan cited a section of the City Charter which he said precludes the council from acting on a petition because of the 25 percent expenditure clause.
But residents, irate that the mayor would try to take away their right to petition their government, set out gathering signatures.
During Monday's meeting, Councilors Wade Hyslop, Anthony Nolan and Donald Macrino voted not to accept the petition as valid.
"We are being ridiculed all over southeastern Connecticut,'' Macrino said, adding that the city can become paralyzed by multiple budget referendum.
Council President Michael Passero and Councilors John Maynard, Adam Sprecace and Marie Friess-McSparran voted to accept the petition.
On Oct. 25, member of LOT submitted a petition to the City Clerk's office with more than 850 signatures, calling for a new vote on the $41.3 million 2012-13 budget.
On Thursday, Londregan wrote an email to the mayor, saying that while he stands by his opinion that the petition is not valid, the clerk should verify the signatures and send the document to the City Council.
"It is in the best interest of the city to have this matter brought to a conclusion so that there is some finality,'' he wrote.
On Monday, Finizio tossed the issue to the Council and said he never wanted to take away anyone's rights, but was following the advice of the law director.
"The decision is now entirely yours,'' he said.
On Monday City Clerk Nathan Caron certified the document had more than the necessary 483 signatures.
Stories that may interest you
Preston school social worker settling into new role
Leigh Reposa, who began work in November, is the school system's first social worker.
Free Store Connecticut gives food without judgment
The grassroots charity, based in Southeastern Connecticut, gives away food to those in need through community partnerships and creative sourcing.
Stonington's Bentz honored by General Assembly
The Republican Town Committee presented its chairman Bryan A. Bentz Thursday with a citation from the General Assembly for his 20 years of service to the town.
Waterford police look for owner of lost teddy bear
Charlie Maffeo, whose father is a Waterford police officer, brought the bear to the department in December after finding it on a bench at Veterans Memorial Field.


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Oct. 12 Mike Matheny, Daniel Descalso, Carlos Beltran postgame interview
Q. What did you think when Carlos led off that ninth inning with that double?
DANIEL DESCALSO: Well, you know, down by two, we needed somebody to get on base in order to bring the tying run to the plate, so that's a huge at‑bat there by Carlos to give us a chance to at least tie the game.
Q. Can you describe the mood in the dugout, starting from when the Nationals went up 6‑0 and you started to claw back and claw back all the way to the 9th, the environment, the atmosphere and your attitude in the dugout?
CARLOS BELTRAN: You know what, when they were able to score all those runs early in the ballgame, you know, as a team, we feel that we have a good lineup. So we were able to put good at‑bats and able to get them one by one.
That was a great game. There's no doubt they are a good team, young team. They are going to be playing for a long time.
DANIEL DESCALSO: You know, if you would have told me that Adam Wainwright was going to give up six runs in the first three innings, I wouldn't have believed you.
We knew we had a lot of game left after they scored six. Nobody went up there trying to hit a six‑run homer. We needed to scratch and claw and get ourselves back in the game and get ourselves back in striking distance and get some big at‑bats down the stretch. Our bullpen pitched fantastic today and kept us in it and gave us a chance to come back.
Q. Carlos, looking back, what were your thoughts about joining a World Championship team and knowing the challenge that comes with that, trying to repeat on a team that you were not on in the first place? What Drew you to the Cardinals and what have you seen since you've been here?
CARLOS BELTRAN: Well, for me, when I made my decision this off‑season, that was based on trying to have the opportunity to be playing in these type of games.
You know, the Cardinals, after Pujols went to Anaheim, I thought that they were going to be able to come look for a bat and I was available, and those guys were able to agree on terms. When I showed up to spring training, it was fun. The attitude that these guys have when they take the field, they believe in themselves. And at the same time, it's a good team. We feel that we were able to fight during the regular season and to get to the point where we are right now, it's a great feeling. So I'm very, very happy with my decision.
Q. When you reached that point when you finally do break through, what's it like in the dugout? Is it shock, awe, euphoria? What is it like, that moment?
DANIEL DESCALSO: When I hit the tie, I was on first base, all fired up, and I looked over at the dugout and the guys were going crazy and got fired up even more out there. When Pete got that big knock to put us ahead, it was chaos in there. I mean, that's an awesome feeling; to share that moment with these guys after coming back, you know from a 6‑0 deficit like that, it was just awesome.
Q. For all of you, we've been asking you this all week, but what is it about this team that every time you face an elimination game, you face the most pressure you can possibly face, it brings out the best in you?
MIKE MATHENY: Well, I think it's just the kind of people they are. They believe in themselves. They believe in each other. It's been this style of team all season long. They just don't quit, and I think that just says a lot about their character.
You can't say enough about the experience they have had in the past, too, where they have had their back up against the wall and they realize that no matter what is being said out there, no matter how many people count them out, they control their destiny. We were down six runs, and I think it brought out something better in them.
Every inning, the guys were just constantly talking about, hey, we are going to do something special here, and it wasn't just a bunch of cheerleading. They believed it.
It's just a special group of guys, and it's pretty incredible night, really almost hard to get your head around.
Q. What are your thoughts about that?
DANIEL DESCALSO: It would have been easy for us to go down 6‑0 and sort of roll over and let the crowd take us out of it and just let them have the game.
I've been telling people, we have got baseball players in that clubhouse, guys that are going to grind out at‑bats and grind out innings. We took it upon ourselves to individually have the determination to have good at‑bats, and the bullpen carried us those last six innings, and there's a never‑say‑die attitude in the clubhouse. The guys took great at‑bats. We beared down on defense, and the pitchers made their pitches and we just gave ourselves a chance to come back and be within striking distance. And the 9th inning was pretty remarkable.
Q. We talked about your rookie relievers, but can you just speak to their poise tonight and their ability to keep you in the game and the work they did all series and how bright their future is for you guys?
MIKE MATHENY: Yeah, we have some good arms in this organization. I think it all usually begins with leadership, and the guys on the back end of our pen have been very consistent for us. Picking up Edward Mujica and Motte and Boggs have been really consistent in setting the framework for the younger pitchers to come in and feel comfortable in their position.
For Joe Kelly to come in and close in a situation early in the game and an opportunity to eat up a couple innings, and then for Trevor Rosenthal to do what he did; those are not easy situations.
But these guys, once again, the experience that they have had in being through this before really gave them a good idea of what they need to do, and that's just go out and do your job and keep grinding, like Danny said, keep making pitches and just play the game. When you do that, good things end up happening.


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