text:
Xmonad (日本語)
zh-CN:Xmonad xmonad is a tiling window manager for X. Windows are arranged automatically to tile the screen without gaps or overlap, maximizing screen use. Window manager features are accessible from the keyboard: a mouse is optional.
xmonad is written, configured and extensible in Haskell. Custom layout algorithms, key bindings and other extensions may be written by the user in config files.
Layouts are applied dynamically, and different layouts may be used on each workspace. Xinerama is fully supported, allowing windows to be tiled on several physical screens.
For more information, please visit the xmonad website: http://xmonad.org/
- 1 インストール
- 2 設定
- 3 Tips and tricks
- 3.1 Complementary applications
- 3.2 Increase the number of workspaces
- 3.3 Making room for Conky or tray apps
- 3.4 Using xmobar with xmonad
- 3.5 Controlling xmonad with external scripts
- 3.6 Launching another window manager within xmonad
- 3.7 Example configurations
- 4 トラブルシューティング
- 4.1 GNOME 3 and xmonad
- 4.2 GDM 2.x/KDM cannot find xmonad
- 4.3 Missing xmonad-i386-linux or xmonad-x86_64-linux
- 4.4 Problems with Java applications
- 4.5 Empty space at the bottom of gvim or terminals
- 4.6 Chromium/Chrome will not go fullscreen
- 4.7 Multitouch / touchegg
- 4.8 Keybinding issues with an azerty keyboard layout
- 4.9 GNOME 3 mod4+p changes display configuration instead of launching dmenu
- 5 関連項目
xmonad と xmonad-contrib は公式リポジトリから利用可能です。 A build for the current development snapshot (darcs) is in the AUR. The following instructions are for xmonad-darcsAUR, the development snapshot.
開発版 (xmonad-darcs)
The xmonad-darcs development version can be installed from the AUR, with some additional dependencies in the official repositories. Install them in the following order:
- xmonad-darcsAUR -- The core window manager
- xmonad-contrib-darcsAUR -- Contributed extensions providing custom layouts, configurations, etc.
~/.xsession) GDMやKDMを使う場合は、新しいセッションファイルを作成し、セッションメニューからxmonadを選択します。
xsetroot -cursor_name left_ptr
setxkbmap -layout jp
# set the cursor xsetroot -cursor_name left_ptr # set Japanese keyboard layout setxkbmap -layout jp # start xmonad exec xmonad
mkdir ~/.xmonad
xmonad users can modify, override or extend the default settings with the
~/.xmonad/xmonad.hs configuration file. Recompiling is done on the fly, with the Mod+q shortcut.
If you find you do not have a directory at
~/.xmonad, run
xmonad --recompile to create it.
The "default config" for xmonad is quite usable and it is achieved by simply running without an
xmonad.hs entirely. Therefore, even after you run
xmonad --recompile you will most likely not have an
~/.xmonad/xmonad.hs file. If you would like to start tweaking things, simply create the file and edit it as described below.
Because the xmonad configuration file is written in Haskell, non-programmers may have a difficult time adjusting settings. For detailed HOWTO's and example configs, we refer you to the following resources:
- xmonad wiki
- xmonad config archive
- xmonad FAQ
- Arch Linux forum thread
The best approach is to only place your changes and customizations in
~/.xmonad/xmonad.hs and write it such that any unset parameters are picked up from the built-in defaultConfig.
This is achieved by writing an
xmonad.hs like this:
import XMonad
main = do xmonad $ defaultConfig { terminal = "urxvt" , modMask = mod4Mask , borderWidth = 3 }
This simply overrides the default terminal and borderWidth while leaving all other settings at their defaults (inherited from the function defaultConfig).
As things get more complicated, it can be handy to call configuration options by function name inside the main function, and define these separately in their own sections of your
~/.xmonad/xmonad.hs. This makes large customizations like your layout and manage hooks easier to visualize and maintain.
The simple
xmonad.hs from above could have been written like this:
import XMonad
main = do xmonad $ defaultConfig { terminal = myTerminal , modMask = myModMask , borderWidth = myBorderWidth }
-- yes, these are functions; just very simple ones -- that accept no input and return static values myTerminal = "urxvt" myModMask = mod4Mask -- Win key or Super_L myBorderWidth = 3
Also, order at top level (main, myTerminal, myModMask etc.), or within the {} does not matter in Haskell, as long as imports come first.
The following is taken from the 0.9 config file template found here. It is an example of the most common functions one might want to define in their main do block.
{ terminal = myTerminal, focusFollowsMouse = myFocusFollowsMouse, borderWidth = myBorderWidth, modMask = myModMask, -- numlockMask deprecated in 0.9.1 -- numlockMask = myNumlockMask, workspaces = myWorkspaces, normalBorderColor = myNormalBorderColor, focusedBorderColor = myFocusedBorderColor,
-- key bindings keys = myKeys, mouseBindings = myMouseBindings,
-- hooks, layouts layoutHook = myLayout, manageHook = myManageHook, handleEventHook = myEventHook, logHook = myLogHook, startupHook = myStartupHook }
Also consider copying/starting with
/usr/share/xmonad-VERSION/man/xmonad.hs, which is the latest official example xmonad.hs that comes with the xmonad Haskell module.
To end the current xmonad session, press Template:Keypress. By default, Template:Keypress is the Template:Keypress key.
Tips and tricks
The keyboard-centered operation in Xmonad can be further supported with a keyboard shortcut for X-Selection-Paste.
Complementary applications
There are number of complementary utilities that work well with xmonad. The most common of these include:
- dmenu
- xmobar
- dzen
- Conky and conky-cliAUR
- gmrun
- Unclutter - a small utility to hide the mouse pointer
- XMonad-log-applet - a GNOME applet for the gnome-panel (the package is in the Official Repositories)
Increase the number of workspaces
By default, xmonad uses 9 workspaces. You can increase this to 14 by extending the following line like this:
-- (i, k) <- zip (XMonad.workspaces conf) [xK_1, xK_2, xK_3, xK_4, xK_5, xK_6, xK_7, xK_8, xK_9] (i, k) <- zip (XMonad.workspaces conf) [xK_grave, xK_1, xK_2, xK_3, xK_4, xK_5, xK_6, xK_7, xK_8, xK_9, xK_0, xK_minus, xK_equal, xK_BackSpace]
Making room for Conky or tray apps
Wrap your layouts with avoidStruts from XMonad.Hooks.ManageDocks for automatic dock/panel/trayer spacing:
import XMonad import XMonad.Hooks.ManageDocks
main=do xmonad $ defaultConfig { ... , layoutHook=avoidStruts $ layoutHook defaultConfig , manageHook=manageHook defaultConfig <+> manageDocks , ... }
If you ever want to toggle the gaps, this action can be added to your key bindings:
,((modMask x, xK_b ), sendMessage ToggleStruts)
Using xmobar with xmonad
xmobar is a light and minimalistic text-based bar, designed to work with xmonad. To use xmobar with xmonad, you will need two packages in addition to the xmonad package. These packages are xmonad-contrib and xmobar from the official repositories, or you can use xmobar-gitAUR from the AUR instead of the official xmobar package.
Here we will start xmobar from within xmonad, which reloads xmobar whenever you reload xmonad.
~/.xmonad/xmonad.hs in your favorite editor, and choose one of the two following options:
Option 1: Quick, less flexible
Common imports:
import XMonad import XMonad.Hooks.DynamicLog
The xmobar action starts xmobar and returns a modified configuration that includes all of the options described in the xmonad:Option2: More configurable choice.
main = xmonad =<< xmobar defaultConfig { modMask = mod4Mask {- or any other configurations here ... -}}
Option 2: More Configurable
As of xmonad(-contrib) 0.9, there is a new statusBar function in XMonad.Hooks.DynamicLog. It allows you to use your own configuration for:
- The command used to execute the bar
- The PP that determines what is being written to the bar
- The key binding to toggle the gap for the bar
The following is an example of how to use it:
-- Imports. import XMonad import XMonad.Hooks.DynamicLog -- The main function. main = xmonad =<< statusBar myBar myPP toggleStrutsKey myConfig -- Command to launch the bar. myBar = "xmobar" -- Custom PP, configure it as you like. It determines what is being written to the bar. myPP = xmobarPP { ppCurrent = xmobarColor "#429942" "" . wrap "<" ">" } -- Key binding to toggle the gap for the bar. toggleStrutsKey XConfig {XMonad.modMask = modMask} = (modMask, xK_b) -- Main configuration, override the defaults to your liking. myConfig = defaultConfig { modMask = mod4Mask }
Verify XMobar Config
The template and default xmobarrc contains this.
At last, open up
~/.xmobarrc and make sure you have
StdinReader in the template and run the plugin. E.g.
Config { ... , commands = [ Run StdinReader .... ] ... , template = " %StdinReader% ... " }
Now, all you should have to do is either to start, or restart, xmonad.
Controlling xmonad with external scripts
There are at least two ways to do this.
Firstly, you can use the following xmonad extension, XMonad.Hooks.ServerMode.
Secondly, you can simulate keypress events using xdotool or similar programs. See this Ubuntu forums thread. The following command would simulate the keypress Template:Keypress:
xdotool key Super+n
Launching another window manager within xmonad
If you are using xmonad-darcsAUR, as of January of 2011, you can restart to another window manager from within xmonad. You just need to write a small script, and add stuff to your
~/.xmonad/xmonad.hs. Here is the script.
#!/bin/sh openbox xmonad
And here are the modifications you need to add to your
import XMonad --You need to add this import import XMonad.Util.Replace main do -- And this "replace" replace xmonad $ defaultConfig { --Add the usual here }
You also need to add the following key binding:
--Add a keybinding as follows: ((modm .|. shiftMask, xK_o ), restart "/home/abijr/bin/obtoxmd" True)
Just remember to add a comma before or after and change the path to your actual script path. Now just Template:Keypress (restart xmonad to refresh the config), and then hit Template:Keypress and you should have Openbox running with the same windows open as in xmonad. To return to xmonad you should just exit Openbox. Here is a link to adamvo's
~/.xmonad/xmonad.hs which uses this setup Adamvo's xmonad.hs
Example configurations
Below are some example configurations from fellow xmonad users. Feel free to add links to your own.
- brisbin33 :: simple, useful, readable :: config screenshot
- jelly :: Configuration with prompt, different layouts, twinview with xmobar :: xmonad.hs
- MrElendig :: Simple configuration, with xmobar :: xmonad.hs, .xmobarrc, screenshot.
- thayer :: A minimal mouse-friendly config ideal for netbooks :: configs screenshot
- vicfryzel :: Beautiful and usable xmonad configuration, along with xmobar configuration, xinitrc, dmenu, and other scripts that make xmonad more usable. :: git repository, screenshot.
- vogt :: Check out adamvo's config and many others in the official Xmonad/Config archive
GNOME 3 and xmonad
With the release of GNOME 3, some additional steps are necessary to make GNOME play nicely with xmonad.
Either install xmonad-gnome3AUR from the AUR, or, manually:
Add an xmonad session file for use by gnome-session (
[GNOME Session] Name=Xmonad session RequiredComponents=gnome-panel;gnome-settings-daemon; RequiredProviders=windowmanager;notifications; DefaultProvider-windowmanager=xmonad DefaultProvider-notifications=notification-daemon
Create a desktop file for GDM (
[Desktop Entry] Name=Xmonad GNOME Comment=Tiling window manager TryExec=/usr/bin/gnome-session Exec=gnome-session --session=xmonad Type=XSession
Create or edit this file (
[Desktop Entry] Type=Application Encoding=UTF-8 Name=Xmonad Exec=xmonad NoDisplay=true X-GNOME-WMName=Xmonad X-GNOME-Autostart-Phase=WindowManager X-GNOME-Provides=windowmanager X-GNOME-Autostart-Notify=false
Finally, install xmonad-contrib and create or edit
~/.xmonad/xmonad.hs to have the following
import XMonad import XMonad.Config.Gnome main = xmonad gnomeConfig
Xmonad should now appear in the list of GDM sessions and also play nicely with gnome-session itself.
Compositing in GNOME and Xmonad
Some applications look better (e.g. GNOME Do) when composition is enabled. This is, however not, the case in the default Xmonad window manager. To enable it add an additional .desktop file
[Desktop Entry] Name=Xmonad GNOME (Composite) Comment=Tiling window manager TryExec=/usr/bin/gnome-session Exec=/usr/sbin/gnome-xmonad-composite Type=XSession
And create
/usr/sbin/gnome-xmonad-composite and
chmod +x /usr/sbin/gnome-xmonad-composite:
xcompmgr & gnome-session --session=xmonad
Now choose "Xmonad GNOME (Composite)" in the list of sessions during login. Reference
man xcompmgr for additional "eye candy".
GDM 2.x/KDM cannot find xmonad
You can force GDM to launch xmonad by creating the file
xmonad.desktop in the
/usr/share/xsessions directory and add the contents:
[Desktop Entry] Encoding=UTF-8 Name=xmonad Comment=This session starts xmonad Exec=/usr/bin/xmonad Type=Application
Now xmonad will show in your GDM session menu. Thanks to Santanu Chatterjee for the hint.
For KDM, you will need to create the file here as
Official documentation can be found here: Haskell Documentation Page
Missing xmonad-i386-linux or xmonad-x86_64-linux
Xmonad should automatically create the
xmonad-i386-linux file (in
~/.xmonad/). If this it not the case you can grab a cool looking config file from the xmonad wiki or create your own. Put the
.hs and all others files in
~/.xmonad/ and run this command from the folder:
xmonad --recompile
Now you should see the file.
Problems with Java applications
The standard Java GUI toolkit has a hard-coded list of "non-reparenting" window managers. Since xmonad is not in that list, there can be some problems with running some Java applications. One of the most common problems is "gray blobs", when the Java application renders as a plain gray box instead of rendering the GUI.
There are several things that may help:
- If you are using jre7-openjdk, uncomment the line
export _JAVA_AWT_WM_NONREPARENTING=1in
/etc/profile.d/jre.sh. Then, source the file
/etc/profile.d/jre.shor log out and log back in.
- If you are using Oracle's JRE/JDK, the best solution is usually to use SetWMName. However, its effect may be nullified if one also uses XMonad.Hooks.EwmhDesktops, in which case
>> setWMName "LG3D"
added to the LogHook may help.
For more details about the problem, refer to the xmonad FAQ.
Empty space at the bottom of gvim or terminals
See Vim#Empty space at the bottom of gvim windows for a solution which makes the area match the background color.
For rxvt-unicode, you can use rxvt-unicode-patchedAUR.
You can also configure xmonad to respect size hints, but this will leave a gap instead. See the documentation on Xmonad.Layout.LayoutHints.
Chromium/Chrome will not go fullscreen
If Chrome fails to go fullscreen when Template:Keypress is pressed, you can use the XMonad.Hooks.EwmhDesktops extension found in the xmonad-contrib package. Simply add the
import statement to your
import XMonad.Hooks.EwmhDesktops
and then add
handleEventHook = fullscreenEventHook to the appropriate place; for example:
... xmonad $ defaultConfig { modMask = mod4Mask , handleEventHook = fullscreenEventHook } ...
After a recompile/restart of xmonad, Chromium should now respond to Template:Keypress (fullscreen) as expected.
Multitouch / touchegg
Touchégg polls the window manager for the _NET_CLIENT_LIST (in order to fetch a list of windows it should listen for mouse events on.) By default, xmonad does not supply this property. To enable this, use the XMonad.Hooks.EwmhDesktops extension found in the xmonad-contrib package.
Keybinding issues with an azerty keyboard layout
Users with a keyboard with azerty layout can run into issues with certain keybindings. Using the XMonad.Config.Azerty module will solve this.
If you do not need the capability to switch the display-setup in the gnome-control-center, just execute
dconf write /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/xrandr/active false
as your user, to disable the xrandr plugin which grabs Super+p.
- xmonad - The official xmonad website
- xmonad.hs - Template xmonad.hs
- xmonad: a guided tour
- dzen - General purpose messaging and notification program
- dmenu - Dynamic X menu for the quick launching of programs
- Comparison of Tiling Window Managers - Arch wiki article providing an overview of mainstream tiling window managers
- Share your xmonad desktop!
- xmonad hacking thread


text:
ALEX Toys ALEX Jr. Finger Paint Paper and Tray
by ALEX Toys
Please check your favorite toy retailer for availability. Prices may vary.
Buy Online:
Product Description
Mess-free masterpieces can be made and enjoyed with minimal clean up! Finger Paint Paper & Tray includes a plastic tray for tidy finger painting. Includes 50 sheets of glossy paper (12″ x 18″).
There are no reviews yet.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A kids' space travels to Burning Man and beyond
Buddhists and Justin Timberlake can agree: What comes around goes around. So with another spin of the karmic wheel, it follows that artist Kal Spelletich - who was out at Burning Man toward its 199o-era start, building and then blowing up strip malls at the urging of his Cacophony Society colleague and Burning Man co-founder John Law - has come back to the mother ship.
He and longtime pal Dana Albany "circled back around and decided, 'Let's do something local. Let's just build this thing because we have a track record and enough friends and support,' " says the Survival Research Laboratories veteran, who is currently exhibiting as Arts Benicia's artist in residence. "Burning Man is looking beyond the festival now and looking at legacy projects and thinking much deeper.
Visionary glasses
"I think, 'Hats off to them' - they're putting on their visionary glasses. I'm stoked to be working with them on that level, and I want to put my visionary glasses on."
Spelletich headed up the influential interactive "HELCO" installation at 1996's Burning Man, which saw a city of corporate symbols going up in flames - an eerie corollary to last year's "Burn Wall Street" by Oakland artist Otto Von Danger. But today, at Albany's Hunters Point studio, he's far from the flame-throwing bad boy portrayed in the book "This Is Burning Man" by Brian Doherty, as he enthuses about the "YES Project." An acronym for Youth Educational Spacecraft, it's a life-size spaceship-classroom they've constructed with friends and children from organizations such as Tenderloin and Bayview-Hunters Point Boys and Girls Clubs and Burning Man Kidsville Kids.
The youngsters helped conceive the project, which happened to dovetail well with Burning Man's 2013 cargo cult theme, by making models and creating the planetary mosaics of recycled metal, ceramics, glass and even vinyl LPs that cover the 12-feet-diameter spacecraft's playful exterior.
Robotic elements
LED strips programmed with 130 light sequences run past upcycled stoplights. Buttons within set off a fog machine and make the entire craft rattle. A camera on the outside functions like a periscope, and Spelletich contributed "robotic elements of surprise," such as a violin bot, a hand-cranked light generator and a four-legged critter based on his shop cat.
Albany plays sound recordings of children talking about what they imagine life is like on other planets. Their voices will emanate from the ship when it lands first at the Exploratorium, then Burning Man and later the Reno Discovery Museum.
"That way everywhere the spaceship goes, the children's voices will travel with it, which I think is a beautiful, poetic touch," says Albany, who created Burning Man 1999's cattle-bone-encased "The Bone Tree" and 2000's "The Body of Knowledge" made of discarded books.
Burning Man is a teachable moment, it seems.
"Working on larger sculptures at Burning Man, you work with all kinds of different talents to make something larger than yourself," Albany says. "What's great about this project is taking that and applying it to the next generation, planting the seed and getting these kids to think outside the box." {sbox}
Kimberly Chun is a freelance writer. E-mail: email@example.com


text:
The Greatest Lakers of All Time
List Rules NBA players who have played for the LA Lakers or Minneapolis Lakers.
Check out this list of the greatest Lakers of all time, ranked by fans like you. The list includes players from both the LA Lakers and the Minneapolis Lakers. These are some of the best basketball players in the NBA since the Lakers were first established as a club in 1947. Vote for those players you believe to be the best Lakers to move them up the list. If you don't see your favorites, add them to the bottom - or better yet, rerank them to create a personalized list of your own.
Think Magic Johnson is better than Kobe Bryant? Is Shaq one of the Lakers' greatest players? Though he's nearing the end of his career, will Lebron James go down as one of the greatest Lakers after signing in July 2018? Could Anthony Davis do the same?
Maybe this list of the best Lakers' players of all time will help us finally make a definitive decision. Whether you've been a fan of the team your whole life, or just enjoy watching top players compete against other super stars, you've probably got some sort of opinion on these famous Lakers players. Vote and make your voice heard!


text:
Are you a doctor?
Remember, your review: p>
So far I have been visiting this doctor 6 times during twin pregnancy. The doctor made a good impression on me with his personality and calm temperament. The doctor very professionally performs the ultrasound, but unfortunately does not make notes of visits and for this reason, I often have to remind him of our earlier findings. After all, it is a worthy specialist.
The first doctor who successfully diagnosed my condition. The doctor has commissioned a number of medical examination that I can do within the NHF and prescribed several drugs. It turned out, however, that I could not take one of them because of the allergy to the main ingredient. I mentioned this to the doctor during the visit, but maybe he forgot about it because he was a bit hot-headed and he finished the visit too fast. I give a neutral review because the doctor has helped me anyway.
To get to know more about personal data click here
* Required field
I visited doctor's office after some accident on the ski slope in January this year. Although at first, the injury seemed harmless, after a week it started to get me very upset and I needed to contact a specialist. The doctor correctly diagnosed my case and recommended a visit to a good physiotherapist. After two months of rehabilitation, I'm ready to go back to sports. A wonderful orthopaedic surgeon. I heartily recommend!
Mr. Adam helped me believe in myself and learned me how to fight my fears. Thanks to his therapy, I managed to deal with my alcoholic addiction and save my marriage. Two-year therapy worked wonders - my wife and children sometimes don't recognise me - I am a different person now. Thank you for helping me rebuild relationships with my closest.


text:
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text:
Randy_Wagner on Family Tree Circles
view: full | list
Journals and Posts
Brick Walls and Wagner Research
I have been researching the Wagner Families of North Western Pa. for sometime. Of course after so much info, a brick wall appeared and still remains.
This Wagner Family comes from the Areas of Veneango, Crawford, Erie and Mercer Counties in Pennsylvania the northwestern part of the state.
I have traced this Family back to the birth of Daniel Wagner in 1858. In 1880 he married Ida Hanks the daughter of Eli Fiske Hanks and Amerilious F Spring, We know that Daniel and Ida had several children Laura, Ada, Ernest, Effie,Otis, Homer, Walter and some say they also had a son Fred.
It is said that Laura married a Hudson Peterson, but during my research I also found a Laura Wagner married to The same Hudson Peterson but her Father was William Wagner and not Daniel, a mistake maybe? I have also found that their daughter Ada was married to a man by the name of Lepley, and in a cencus for Crawford County in 1900 it shows Ada living with her parents Ida and Daniel along with a son John Lepley born in 1899. From a photograph given to me, I found that Ada remarried a Smith.
I have no info on Ernest or Effie,so we will move on to Otis.
Otis was born in 1886 and in 1907 he married Maude Mae Cornell she was the daughter of Iva M. Cornell and Mary Adaliade Roberts. These are the children of Otis and Maude, Frances, Leroy,Edith, Leon, Henry, Mary Elizabeth(Lib) and Kenneth Harold.
Otis passed away in 1949 and in 1951 Maude remarried a Walter Vandehoff, Maude passed away in 1957.
Not much info was found about Frances, Leroy married Annette Wood,
Edith married Robert Brannon, Leon was married to Helen Bert she passed away in 2007 Henry was married twice we call her Aunt Trixy, she is 87 years ols and resides in Erie Pa. with her and Henry's only child Terrance, after Henry and her divorced Henry remarried and passed away in 1972 Mary Elizabeth was first married to a Robert Turk, they later divorced and she married Donald VanEpps. On to Kenneth. Kenneth the youngest of all the children is My father he passed away in 2004 leaving 8 children one of who died in 1957. He
married Norma Jean Paddock. Kenneth was married before Norma, but from what I have been told it was a short term marriage, my one sister in fact has his divorce papers from his first marriage.
Kenneths second wife Norma is still with us and lives here in Mercer County.
I am hoping with this journal some one may see it and be able to help me with this Brick Wall.
I have also learned that Walter Wagner, the son of Daniel and Ida, was married to a Laura Baken and after her death, Walter remarried a Nettie Collingwood, this comes from the stepdaughter of Walter who is 82 years old and resides here in Mercer County.
Paddock Family Penna. History
I have started to set up the Paddock Family History.
It is a work in progress and and will be updated from time to time.
The link is posted on my profile Page' Feel free to take a look.
And comment.
I have changed the name of this site, because of our Penna
connection, We are mainly from the area of Greenville, Sharon
and Wheatland in the County of Mercer in Penna.
Still Searching (Wagner)
Hello, Just thought I;d let you all know that I'm still looking for any info. on my Wagner Line. It has been a hard road trying to find what I need on David to finish my family tree on the Wagner side.
So many road blocks and can't get any gates to open.So far I have traced this line back to my GreatGranfather in 1858 about the time of his birth, We are pretty sure he was born in Ohio, but what town or county , is yet to be found. We can move forward to 1958 the year I was born, but to go back from 1858 has been a major search. It is said that his parents were born in Pa, but where.
What we do know about David Wagner is that he married Ada/Ida Hanks abt. 1880 and that they resided in Crawford Couny or Venango County in Pa. In the Area of Oil City, Titusville and surrounding areas,
and that they had 7 or 8 children. Their son Otis Henry Wagner is my grandfather and I am the son of his Youngest Kenneth H. Wagner.
Granpa Otis married Maude Cornell in 1907 she was the daughter of Iva M. Cornell. And they to lived in Crawford and Venango Counties.
So if anyone might know these families Pleases contact me or just leave a message
Thank You
Randy Wagner
Just a Little breakdown
Randy Wagner b. 1958
Father Kenneth H. Wagner 6/01/1931--5/25/2004
Mother Norma J. Paddock 1/16/1930
Grandfather Otis Henry Wagner 8/1886----1949
Grandmother Maude Mae Cornell b. abt 1891 -------- 1957
After Otis's death in 1949 Maude remarried in 1951 to a Walter Vanderhoof.
GreatGrandfather David Wagner b. abt 1858 d. unknown
GreatGrandMother Ada/Ida Hanks b. 1864 d. 1/1919 Troy Township
Crawford County Pa.
GGGrandfather Eli Fisk Hanks
GGGranmother Amerilous F. Spring
GGGGrandfather Rufis Fiske Hanks (3rd cousin of Abe Lincoln)
GGGGrandmother Cynthia Knight
GGGGGrandfather Enoch Hanks
GGGGGrandmother Johannah Fisk
GGGGGGrandfather John Hanks
GGGGGGrandmother Tabithia Hall
GGGGGGGrandfather Benjiman Hanks Jr
GGGGGGGrandmother Mary White
GGGGGGGGrandfather Benjiman Hanks Sr
GGGGGGGGrandmother Abigail Heiford
This is just a short break down of my Hanks connection, I will add to this later, But can trace this line back to Benjamin Hanks Sr
of Pembroke Mass. And will also enter Birth and death dates.
I just viewed an interesting Genealogy Report my sister E-Mailed me sometime ago. It wasn't that I ignored this but was working on staying focused on my Fathers line.
This report takes us back to the year 1300 and forward. My Paddock line came from France, to Ireland and then to the United States. Along the way the spelling was changed from what I read 3 to 4 differnt changes through out the years.
I will be setting up a Genealogy page when I'm able and will post that site on My Family Tree Circles profile at a later date. However you can find some Info on my Paddock Line on My Wagner/Hanks site, feel free to take a look.
My Mother is Norma Jean Paddock, she is the daughter of Earl Paddock and Anna McIntyre. Norma married my father Kenneth H. Wagner Sr. My Wagner/Hanks site is posted in my links in my profile just click and have a look.
My Cornell Line
I have researched my Cornell line back to the early 1400's and of
course like many others I am reseraching and trying to connect with
any relatives from this Line.
My Grandmother was Maude Mae Cornell the daughter of Iva Cornell and Mary Adaliade Roberts, they lived in the areas of Crawford and Venango counties In Pennsylvania.
Maude Mae Cornell married Otis Wagner in 1902, they had 5 boys and 2 girls, their youngest my father Kenneth H. Wagner Sr b. 6/1/1931
and d.5/25/2004.
Grandma Maude and Grandpa Otis remained married until Otis's death in 1949, Grandnma Maude remarred in 1951 to a Walter Vanderhoof, until her death in 1957.
If anyone would know or have any connections to My Cornell Line
please contact me.
My Name is Randy Wagner one of Kenneths twin son's born 10/7/1958, my twin brother and I are the youngest of his offsprings. You can find my web page listed in my links on this site, please feel free to check it out.
Looking for "Wagner's" of NorthWestern Pa.
I have been researching this Wagner family, and am looking for any info. that might be out there.
My grandfather Otis Henry Wagner was born in 1886 in Oil City Pa.
To DAniel Wagner and Ida Hanks. Any info would be greatly apperciated.
I am mostly seeking information on my Great grand father Daniel Wagner. What I have up to this point, is that he was born between
1858/1864 in Ohio and that his parents were from Pa. He married Ida Hanks about 1880 and they had 7 Children, and they resided in and around the Crawford and Venango County area such as Oil City and Titusville Pa. Ida passed away in 1919 and is buried in Sugarcreek Cemetery in Crawford County.
Please if anyone can help break through this brick wall it would be greatly apperciated.
Thank You
Randy Wagner
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Maurice Hamilton is that jerk who know the texts of penisovidnite hallucinogenic mushrooms, mescaline nadrusanite with Jews, anti-drug and Icelandic magical piece about Fashion Week. He is 22, a biochemistry graduate and lives in Manhattan (and beyond the gates of perception). Each text is a story about Hamm monstrous abuse situations and entertaining information on drugs firsthand. No way - can not, and relate to it!
How the hell end up in Vice?
Several years ago I fought with severe addiction to refrigerant, a chemical which is used for cooling in air conditioners. I learned to open them with a screwdriver and had sufficient refrigerant for 10, maybe 15 strong nadrusvaniya. Needless to say, that once tried, you can never quit. I went to the house of friends and while they were in the bathroom, I opened my air conditioners them izdrusvah refrigerant and then lie to them that have deteriorated "in itself". I was desperate. I saw friends and family just as my ticket to more air conditioners. Jesse Pearson, the U.S. editor of Vice, to intervene and possibly owe their lives to him because he told me that if I stopped to beat air conditioners will give me a job.
Who was the first experiment with drugs?
So he smoked salvia, but I had her turn on him because there was no finger of his left hand. I encourage everyone to start to grow this very important plant!
The whole time there to engage in such crazy things? Is that your daily life?
Spend much time in the wild drinking Spirulina, which is used against malnutrition (called Green Vibrance and also recommend it!), I take antidepressants like crazy, which inherited from my dead dog, read books about crazy Biochemistry and try to cure psoriasis mad on his head ...
Add a story which not published anywhere.
Once Rosh Hashanah (Jewish New Year - line.) Traveled by a Jewish sect, hasidisti (pietistichno Jewish movement - line.) Who hid hundreds of doses of mescaline in the horn. Beat in a synagogue and unanimously decided to move to another building through the roof using a rope made of prayer shawls. Was one of our horns you do some more and began to vomit uncontrollably. Suddenly all started to vomit and the whole wall was in Cactus sinegogata vomit. Even Jehovah discharged (JVHV) with vomiting.
Have you ever arrested?
Yes. I actually arrested a few times. Once many sofistitsiranoto offense that crushed a house and wrote "drink semen 'on the wall.
What are you most afraid of?
Mutation of the HIV virus, which will allow him to be held in salivation glands of mosquitoes and the HIV epidemic will lead to humanity. This is really bad. Moreover, I cook a lot of his scrape Teflon pans and although I understand that this is not a big deal, something that worries me deeply Teflon.
Who can not touch shit?
Cigarettes, alcohol, heroin, cocaine ... it will always seem problematic.
Which is your favorite poison?
Something you do not try, but you frantic?
Aromatic secretion of sperm whales, which protects the intestinal casing may not be torn by razor sharp tentacles of giant squid. It is said that secret (it is valuable as gold) has the properties of heavy-duty analgesic and aphrodisiac. I can not share his name, but really excited by it. Moreover, interested and some peptides in the venom of the platypus.
How often trump whiff?
Rarely. Wait to synthesize water-soluble cannabinoids - something with the power of crack, if I understand ...
What music you running?
I entered into ethno electronics chiylaut beats, World Music, things that I act as a soothing massage. I like the group Deep Forest, especially the song "Sweet Lullaby" - the original and the remix with Eniya.
Add a recipe for a hangover?
Do not drink alcohol! Valium or use small amounts of alcohol - also tested technique (benzodiazepines savagely spectacular intensify alcohol - ed). Anyway - too much water paratsetamolat too. But to me it is not so - up and shout Carpe diem! (live today - in Latin), half an hour one mill pear tree, meditate and teach him the principles of the game.
How do you want to die?
Same, from an overdose of antibiotics masturbate while a picture of Tara Reid. If possible, find me where I want to make me rich in minerals into a watercourse, which should be petrified. If this is not possible, can I freeze in an ice block or at least let me eat dogs - there are so many possibilities.
INTERVIEW Borislav BANEVO


text:
Forbes | Andy Molinksy
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VP8 video running on the Texai robot
Josh Tyler guest-blogged over at the WebMProject site about VP8 video running on the Texai remote presence platform. VP8 is an open-source, BSD-licensed video codec released by Google. It is also the best codec we looked at in terms of image quality, latency, and robustness to packet loss.
Here's a short video that shows VP8 running on the Texai:
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text:
La Liga Wrap: Ronaldo nets 19th league treble
Athletic Bilbao returned to winning ways in La Liga on Saturday as Cristiano Ronaldo netted yet another hat-trick for Real Madrid.
Bilbao, winless in their previous two league matches, came from behind and scored twice in the final 18 minutes in a 2-1 win over Levante.
David Barral had given the visitors a first-half lead at the Estadio San Mames, but Mikel Rico levelled for Bilbao on 72 minutes.
Substitute Aritz Aduriz was the hero with an 84th-minute effort before he was sent off for Ernesto Valverde's men, who moved into fifth.
But Bilbao's winless run looked set to continue when Barral put Levante ahead on 34 minutes as Jordi Xumetra set him up after beating his marker down the right.
The striker was denied by Bilbao goalkeeper Gorka Iraizoz from close range but reacted quickly to poke home the rebound.
The visitors only had themselves to blame for conceding an equaliser with 18 minutes remaining.
Goalkeeper Keilor Navas' unconvincing punch from a cross fell for Rico to volley into the bottom corner from inside the area.
The winner was a well-worked move and Aduriz – sent off in the second minute of additional time – got on the end of an Ander Iturraspe cross from the right to head in from just inside the box.
Elsewhere, Cristiano Ronaldo's 19th La Liga hat-trick helped Real Madrid cruise to a 5-1 win over Real Sociedad at the Bernabeu.
The away side started the match brightly, but Ronaldo gave Real an early lead as he fired home following Karim Benzema's pin-point left-wing delivery, before the Portuguese returned the favour for his French team-mate for the second soon after.
Real coach Carlo Ancelotti said before the match that he would not rotate Ronaldo - who has now scored nine goals in his past four games - while he is in such a rich vein of form, and the former Manchester United man repaid that faith by slotting in a penalty for his 161st La Liga goal and Real's third of the game on 26 minutes.
World-record signing Gareth Bale set up Sami Khedira for the fourth goal before the break, and although Antoine Griezmann scored in a fifth successive match for Sociedad after the break, Ronaldo ensured he would leave with the match ball by burying a 76th-minute free-kick.
In other matches, Getafe and Elche played out a 1-1 draw and Rayo Vallecano moved out of the relegation zone with a 2-0 victory at Celta de Vigo.


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WBEZ News
As Illinois redistricting begins, public gets say
Illinois state senators are hearing from Chicago area residents who want a say in redistricting, the once-a-decade, highly contentious and political process that determines boundaries for legislative districts. It is about power and influence, and on Monday afternoon dozens of people showed up to tell senators how they want the boundaries drawn.
Kyle Hillman lives in Chicago's Rogers Park neighborhood, and said the community is a poor fit for its current district.
"There's a high crime rate and it has one of the largest food kitchens in the metro area, and yet it is included in a district that is mostly consisting of lakefront homes in Evanston in New Trier," Hillman told the Senate Redistricting Committee.
Others complained their neighborhoods span several districts, watering down the community's influence.
"The greater Chinatown community area is a vibrant and cohesive community. Its interests are not served by being split into multiple districts, as it is currently," said Bernie Wong of the Chinese American Service League.
C. Betty Magness with the group IVI-IPO urged the senators to ignore politicians' addresses when they draft the boundaries.
"Districts should not be drawn to favor or discriminate against incumbents, candidates or parties," Magness said.
Another issue that came up Monday has to do with the addresses of prisoners. Right now, they are counted as residents where they are incarcerated, which is most often downstate.
"Prisoners should be counted where they originate from, instead of where they're currently housed," testified Lawrence Hill with the Cook County Bar Association.
The Illinois House could actually vote to make that change as early as Tuesday, according to the bill's sponsor, state Rep. LaShawn Ford. But the Chicago Democrat said it would not take effect until the next redistricting - ten years from now.
Monday's hearing was the first of at least five public forums for the Senate committee. Lawmakers have until the end of June to approve a new legislative map, or the process will be put in the hands of a special commission.


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Having a Baby
Scans, screening tests and check-ups
Once you've discovered that you are pregnant, it's important to get health advice to help make your pregnancy as safe and comfortable as possible. Routine tests, scans and check-ups are usually carried out or organized by your midwife or doctor and will continue throughout the pregnancy.
Regular check-ups
These check-ups will probably include:
- taking your blood pressure
- weighing you
- checking your urine for infections and blood sugar problems
- checking your general well-being
Then later in pregnancy:
- feeling your tummy (to check your baby's size and position)
- listening to your baby's heartbeat
Blood tests
During pregnancy you will be offered a number of blood tests, which provide information that helps you deliver a healthy baby. Don't be afraid to ask questions about the tests you are offered, what they will and will not tell you and what further decisions you may have to make depending on the results. Discuss any concerns you have with your midwife or doctor and feel free to take time to consider your options.
You may have your blood group and type identified and can be tested for:
- anaemia
- hepatitis B
- conditions such as syphilis, or sickle-cell disease
- immunity to rubella (German measles)
Screening tests
These tests are used to check for problems with your baby such as spinal bifida and Down's syndrome. If you are offered a screening test, ask your midwife why you are being offered the test. All women regardless of age can be offered the tests for spina bifida and Down's syndrome, however, older mothers are at greater risk of having a baby with Down's syndrome. At age 35, the chances of having a Down's baby are 1 in 270. At age 40, the chances are 1 in a 100.
Some tests, such as amniocenteses, carry a small risk of miscarriage so ask about potential risks before agreeing to have a test.
Ultrasound scans
An ultrasound scan involves having a hand-held scanning device rolled over your stomach. This allows images from inside your womb to be shown on a screen. These may be used to:
- determine the size and age of your baby
- check for physical problems in the baby or placenta
- determine whether you are expecting more than one baby
- check the position of the baby and placenta
You may be offered a scan at:
- about 10 to 14 weeks
- about 20 to 22 weeks
Ante-natal classes
Ante-natal classes provide expecting parents with information about pregnancy, labour, giving birth and early parenthood.
Different types of classes
Ante-natal classes aren't compulsory but are recommended, and you are entitled to take time off work in order to attend. Research suggests that women who have attended ante-natal classes cope far more comfortably with the labour and birth process than those who haven't.
Some classes cater for all expecting parents but others may be run for more specific groups, including:
- early/late stages of pregnancy
- minority ethnic groups, particularly if English is not your first language
- teenage mothers and older mothers
- same-sex couples
- single parents
- parents in the early/late stages of pregnancy
- parents requiring a refresher course
Subjects covered in ante-natal classes
Although there are many different kinds of classes, the topics covered will be fairly similar. Ante-natal classes are about preparing for labour and childbirth and most will cover:
- the physical and emotional effects having a baby will have, both during and after pregnancy
- how to look after yourself and your baby during pregnancy, including exercises and tips on nutrition
- screenings and check-ups you will need to attend during the ante-natal period
- what to expect in labour and childbirth
- the best ways to relax and the pain relief available
- effective breathing techniques for a smooth delivery
- the medical procedures involved
- how to care for your baby after the birth, including breastfeeding and medical troubleshooting
Ante-natal classes are also an ideal opportunity for expecting parents to socialize with other people in the same situation as them. Friendships made at ante-natal classes can be useful in early parenthood, when new parents can sometimes feel isolated from their social circles because they now have a baby.
Health during pregnancy
Knowing what to eat and drink, what supplements to take and what to avoid goes a long way to ensuring the health of both you and your baby.
Folic acid
Whether you are pregnant or planning to have a baby, it is recommended that you start taking 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day, as early as possible. You should continue to do so until you are 12 weeks pregnant. This vitamin is known to reduce the risk of spina bifida.
If you have diabetes, epilepsy or coeliac disease you may need to have a higher dose of folic acid. Your doctor or midwife will be able to advise you.
What to eat
When pregnant, or trying to get pregnant, your diet should include plenty of protein, fibre, calcium, iron and other minerals and vitamins. These can all be found in the following foods:
- fruit and vegetables (aim for at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day)
- starchy foods like bread, pasta, rice and potatoes
- dairy products like milk, cheese and yoghurt
- lean meat and chicken
- whole grain bread and pulses
- fish – two servings a week (try to include oily fish like sardines, mackerel and tuna)
Do not eat more than two servings per week of oily fish, particularly fresh tuna, which is high in mercury levels and can harm the baby's nervous system.
Avoiding iron deficiency
Pregnant women can become deficient in iron so it is important to eat plenty of iron-rich foods. A good intake of vitamin C through fruit, vegetables and juice helps your body to absorb iron. If your iron level is low, your doctor or midwife will advise you to take iron supplements. The following foods will help you to keep your iron level normal:
- red meat
- pulses
- bread
- dark, leafy green vegetables
- citrus foods
- breakfast cereals with added vitamins and minerals
Food and drink to avoid
Some food and drinks which are usually harmless can cause problems during pregnancy. To be on the safe side, make sure you avoid:
- pâté (including vegetable pâté)
- mould-ripened soft cheese (Brie, Camembert, goat's cheese, etc.)
- unpasteurized milk (which can contain salmonella)
- liver or liver products (due to high Vitamin A content)
- shark, swordfish and marlin (all contain high levels of mercury)
- too much caffeine (have no more than three cups of coffee, or six cups of tea a day – caffeine interferes with absorption of iron from food)
- alcohol (if you do, then no more than one to two units, once or twice a week)
- raw eggs and food containing raw or partially cooked eggs (again to avoid salmonella)
- if you or the baby's father have a family history of allergic conditions like hay fever, asthma or eczema, then avoid peanuts and peanut products
Although liver is a good source of iron, pregnant women should avoid eating it because it is high in vitamin A.
Exercising during pregnancy
Regular, gentle exercise during pregnancy is a good idea, as giving birth is a physically demanding process and you will be better equipped to deal with it if you have been keeping fit. Exercise will also improve your circulation, which is good for both you and the baby.
Swimming is a good way to keep fit during pregnancy, as is walking. A short ten-minute swim at the local pool or a swift 30 minute walk are ideal.
However, be careful not to overdo it. Your heart rate should never get above 140 beats per minute, and you should keep drinking water to avoid becoming dehydrated. Also avoid exercising in very hot weather, as your baby has no way to lose excess heat.
If you want to exercise during your pregnancy, check with your doctor first.
Contact with animals during pregnancy
There are certain animals and products associated with animals you should avoid when pregnant.
Cats' faeces may contain a disease that could damage your baby, so:
- avoid emptying litter trays, or wear disposable rubber gloves
- clean litter trays daily by soaking them with boiling water for ten minutes
- avoid close contact with sick cats
- wear gloves when gardening, even if you don't have a cat, in case the soil is contaminated with faeces
Common complaints during pregnancy
Most health-related issues associated with pregnancy can be easily dealt with by a midwife, doctor or pharmacist. Some mothers may develop more complicated problems, which could require going to hospital or an ante-natal clinic.
Morning sickness
Feeling nauseous or sick during the early stages of pregnancy is extremely common, affecting about 80 per cent of women. Morning sickness usually occurs during the first three months of pregnancy, although for some women it may last longer.
Although it is referred to as morning sickness, the symptoms can last throughout the day. Symptoms can vary – most sufferers will feel nauseous but may not be sick, whereas some women find they are unable to keep any food down. Although the symptoms are unpleasant, they won't harm the developing foetus.
The exact cause of morning sickness is unknown. Suggested causes include:
- increased oestrogen levels
- nutritional deficiency
- gastric problems
You can help counter morning sickness by:
- eating small, frequent meals
- eating dry, carbohydrate snacks and nibbles throughout the day
- taking your time getting out of bed in the morning
- taking rests throughout the day
- keeping well hydrated with water or juices – avoid alcohol and caffeine
Constipation is one of the most common complaints in pregnancy, affecting around half of pregnant women. The growing uterus puts pressure on the lower bowel (or rectum) and the hormones of pregnancy slow down digestion. This means that food takes longer to travel through the body.
A diet of high fibre foods – including fresh fruit and vegetables, cereals and whole grain bread – can help prevent constipation. Drinking plenty of water and regular exercise is recommended to stimulate the bowel and aid digestion.
Pain management during pregnancy
Pregnant women can suffer from mild headaches and other aches and pains. However, not all painkillers can be used during pregnancy.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Ibuprofen are not safe to use in pregnancy. They may cause miscarriage in the early stages, or induce early labour, and may interfere with kidney function. Aspirin is not recommended for pain relief as it can increase the risk of bleeding.
Codeine-based analgesia can cause breathing problems for the baby in later stages of pregnancy and should only be taken in the early stages under a doctor's supervision. However, Paracetamol is safe for short-term use throughout pregnancy. Pharmacists will be able to advise on what is suitable.
Coughs and colds
If you come down with a cold during your pregnancy, be sure to consult your pharmacist before taking any over-the-counter medication. Many will contain antihistamines or Codeine, which are not advised in pregnancy. You can try alternative therapies like gently inhaling a salt water steam preparation to reduce congestion, or take linctus for persistent coughs. Paracetamol will help to relieve headaches.
Skin changes and rashes
Many women will experience changes in their skin during pregnancy – most of these changes are termed 'physiological', which means they are entirely normal and associated with being pregnant. These include:
- hyper-pigmentation – or darkening – of the nipples and genital area
- Linea Nigra – a dark, sometimes hairy, line which runs from the belly button to the pubic area
- Striae Gravidarum – stretch marks around the abdomen as it expands, usually starting off pink and becoming white or shiny after delivery
- varicose veins on the legs
Pregnant women can also be affected by rashes like eczema and psoriasis. Moisturizing creams like calamine lotion are safe to use to soothe the skin. Your doctor will advise you on using steroid creams.
There are a few rashes which occur only in pregnancy, called specific dermatoses of pregnancy.
Sex during pregnancy
In most cases having sex during pregnancy isn't a threat to either you or your unborn baby. However, there are some issues that need to be taken into consideration to make sure it is both safe and comfortable.
Comfort and safety
As the baby develops and the mother's stomach grows, you may have to try some different positions to make sex more comfortable.
The baby is protected from the movements created during sexual intercourse by the amniotic sac, muscle and the woman's abdomen. However, you should still take care. The mucus plug, or vaginal mucus, will ensure that your child is safe from infection.
If you experience any unusual symptoms either during or after sex, you should speak to your doctor or midwife before attempting to have sex again.
When sex should be avoided
In some cases a doctor may recommend that you don't have sex. This is particularly common if the placenta is lying over the neck of the womb (known as placenta previa) or if you are at risk of bleeding. Other reasons include if the woman:
- is experiencing unusual discharge from the vagina
- has a history of miscarriage or premature labour
- has a dilated cervix
- is experiencing pains in her abdominal area
- is feeling pain while urinating
- is expecting more than one baby
- has ever had to undergo medical treatment for vaginal or reproduction issues
Travelling while pregnant
Travelling by most forms of transport is completely safe throughout pregnancy, but there are some specific regulations for air travel you should be aware of. If you're planning on travelling abroad, you should speak to your midwife or doctor first.
Travelling by air
It is safe for women with uncomplicated pregnancies to travel by air. However, your doctor may recommend that you should not fly in the first three months of pregnancy if:
During the last two months of the pregnancy you should not fly if you have:
- raised blood pressure
- an increased risk of premature labour
Before you travel
Always check with the airline or holiday company about their rules on pregnant passengers before you book. Some will allow you to fly beyond the recommended period. However, many airlines will need a letter from your midwife or doctor detailing when you are due to give birth.
Flying comfortably
Because travelling by plane can be quite cramped it is important to ask the airline about the options available to make your trip more comfortable. These may include:
- booking an additional seat next to you so that you have more room
- asking for a seat with additional leg room
- asking to be upgraded to first/club/business class, some of which will have beds
- asking to be seated where you can easily get out of your seat and stretch – for example near the rear of the plane or on the aisle
It is likely that some of these options will add to the cost of your flight and the price will vary from airline to airline.
During the flight
There are a number of things you can do to make sure you are comfortable and safe. Pregnant women are at higher risk from Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). DVT is potentially fatal blood clots in veins, particularly in the leg area. To minimise the risk, you can try the following:
- wear special DVT socks – these are available to buy in pharmacies and airport shops
- take a break from your seat every hour or so and walk around/performing some simple stretches
- avoid wearing tight clothing
- wear comfortable shoes, or no shoes at all, as your feet may swell up
- drink plenty of water and fruit juice – avoid food and drink that will dehydrate you (eg tea, coffee)
Travelling by road
Travelling by road in a coach or car is safe during pregnancy. However, if the journey is long and you aren't moving for long periods of time, then you are at risk from DVT. Follow the same tips as suggested above for flying while pregnant.
Travelling by rail
There are currently no restrictions on pregnant women travelling abroad by rail.
Travelling by boat
Many ferry operators have similar guidelines to airlines so make sure you speak to them before you book. Ferries have plenty of room for you to walk around and stretch, and you can ask about booking reclining seats or a cabin for longer trips.
Alcohol and smoking in pregnancy
The best advice is to avoid drinking alcohol when you are pregnant or trying to conceive. If you do decide to drink, then make sure it is no more than one or two units, just once or twice a week, and don't get drunk. If you stick to this, the evidence suggests it's highly unlikely you'll harm your baby.
Trying to get pregnant
If you are trying to get pregnant, you need to be aware that the amount you drink can reduce your fertility and ability to conceive. Excessive drinking, especially getting drunk, can even lead to a miscarriage in the early stages of pregnancy. The safest approach is not to drink at all, or at least significantly reduce your alcohol consumption. If you're trying to become pregnant, drink no more than one or two units of alcohol once or twice a week and avoid getting drunk.
Alcohol guidelines – how much is a unit?
One South African unit contains eight grams of pure alcohol and it's the strength and size of a drink that determines how many units it has. It is not as simple as one drink, one unit.
If you are pregnant
Women are strongly advised to not drink alcohol in the first three months of pregnancy because there may be an increased risk of miscarriage.
The dangers of alcohol
When a pregnant woman drinks alcohol, the alcohol passes through the placenta and can affect the baby's development. This happens throughout the pregnancy, not just in the first few weeks.
Excessive drinking can lead to:
- premature birth
- low weight at birth
- harming the physical and mental well-being of the child – this is known as Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Alcohol and breastfeeding
Alcohol passes to the baby in small amounts in breast milk. The milk will smell different to the baby and may affect their feeding, sleeping or digestion. The best advice is to avoid drinking shortly before a baby's feed. When breastfeeding, the recommended daily limit for women is between two and three units of alcohol. The limit applies whether you drink every day, once or twice a week, or occasionally.
Smoking while pregnant not only damages your own health, but can also harm your baby. It has been linked to a variety of health problems, including:
- premature birth
- low birth weight
- cot death, miscarriage
- breathing problems/wheezing in the first six months of life
If you stop smoking during pregnancy, you will have less morning sickness and fewer complications.
Giving up smoking
If you're trying to give up smoking, also encourage those around you to do the same. Second-hand smoke contains poisonous gases, tar and toxic chemicals that are harmful to you and your baby's health.
Becoming a parent if you are disabled
If you are planning to become a parent or take on parenting responsibilities, you may feel you need extra support to look after your child. This could be, help at home, equipment or help with 'everyday' things like visiting your child's school.
Support from your local council
Your local council, including social services, health and education departments, can offer this support. Government guidance states that disabled people should be supported within their family and parental roles.
Having a baby and health issues
It is important to have access to information and the right maternity services, which take into account a mother's medical condition and/or disability.
You could start by talking through any issues with your doctor. Things to discuss could include:
- planning a pregnancy and conception
- how a particular disability and/or medical condition could affect pregnancy and birth, including issues like taking medication while breast-feeding
- scans and tests
- post-birth health support for you and your child
Your doctor may refer you to a specialist or consultant.
Parenting classes
The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) covers many areas of everyday life, including access to goods and services. Classes for parents-to-be should make 'reasonable adjustments' to make them accessible to all people. Reasonable adjustments could include:
- using a pen and notepad to communicate with you if you are deaf or hearing impaired and/or providing induction loops in a certain room
- holding the class in an accessible location – to avoid stairs, for example – for physically disabled parents
- arranging for someone to explain what is being said at the class more simply for a person with a learning disability
Let the organizers of classes know of any requirements you have before you attend for the first time.
Breastfeeding and bottle-feeding
Breast milk provides all the nutrients your baby needs for healthy development in the first stages of their life. It also gives them both short and long-term health advantages. Find out about the benefits of breastfeeding here, and also your bottle-feeding options.
Benefits of breastfeeding for babies
Breast is best for your baby because:
- breast milk is natural – it's the food specifically designed for your baby
- breast milk changes as your baby grows so they get exactly what they need
- breastfeeding helps protect your baby from infections because antibodies are passed into the milk
- breastfed babies are five times less likely to be admitted to hospital with infections like gastroenteritis and respiratory infections
- it helps to avoid constipation in your baby
- breastfed babies are less likely to get allergies like eczema
- breast milk contains growth factors and hormones that help your baby develop
- breastfed babies are less likely to become obese in later childhood
- breastfeeding reduces the risk of cot death
It is recommended that you breastfeed (rather than bottle-feed) for at least the first six months of your baby's life.
Benefits of breastfeeding for mothers
Breast is best for mothers because:
- it is free
- there is no need to sterilize bottles, prepare feeds or keep your baby waiting
- you can do it anytime, anyplace, anywhere
- it is a lot easier than bottle-feeding in the middle of the night
- your womb will return to normal size more quickly
- you will use up more calories
- breastfeeding reduces the risk of pre-menopausal breast cancer
If you have problems with breastfeeding
Breastfeeding is a skill and all new skills need practice. If you want to breastfeed and are finding it difficult, there is a variety of help available. You could ask your midwife for advice, see a breastfeeding counsellor, or call the National Breastfeeding Help line.
Bottle-feeding may seem like hard work at first, but if you get into a routine you'll be able to relax and enjoy feeding.
One advantage to bottle-feeding is that fathers and care givers can feed your baby and give you a bit of a break. You can use formula or you could express breast milk for your baby to have. You could also use a combination of both expressed breast milk and formula. All of these options would give the nutrition your baby needs.
Remember to always:
- make sure all your equipment is properly sterilized – you can make your baby ill if the bottle is dirty
- follow the instructions on the formula packet – do not pack the formula down or be tempted to add more formula than is recommended
- test the temperature of the milk and don't heat it in the microwave – you may scald your baby's mouth
- make up each feed as you need it with freshly boiled water
Healthy eating for breastfeeding
A healthy, varied and balanced diet will help you and your baby thrive during breastfeeding. Knowing what to eat, how much to eat, what vitamins to take and what to avoid is very important, as whatever goes into your body will also go into your baby's.
Vitamins and food
A supplement containing 10 micrograms (mcg) of vitamin D each day is recommended. If you receive Income Support or Job seeker's Allowance, you are entitled to free vitamin A, C and D supplements from maternity and child health clinics.
As part of a healthy diet you should try to eat the following foods:
- at least five portions of a variety of fruits and vegetables a day
- starchy foods such as bread and potatoes
- whole-wheat bread, pasta and breakfast cereals, which all contain plenty of fibre
- protein-rich foods such as lean meat and chicken, pulses, eggs and fish (see below)
- dairy products such as milk, cheese and yoghurt
While you are breastfeeding you should avoid:
- more than one portion of shark, swordfish or marlin each week
- more than two portions of oily fish such as mackerel, sardines, trout and fresh tuna each week (tinned tuna does not qualify as oily fish)
- peanuts and peanut products if you or your baby's father, brother or sister suffers certain allergic conditions, such as hay fever, asthma or eczema
- any significant weight loss
There's lots of information on healthy eating in the book 'Birth to Five', available free from your doctor, midwife or health visitor.
Drinks containing caffeine can unsettle your baby, so keep your intake of tea, coffee and cola drinks low. Consuming alcohol in large amounts will affect your baby: try to limit your intake, drink only occasionally and avoid drinking before you feed your baby.
If your child is disabled
You may find out that your child has a health condition or impairment at a scan during your pregnancy, or at the birth itself. Alternatively you may notice something in your child's behaviour early on. Here is what you can expect to happen if your child has a disability.
Preparing for labour
Although the labour process can start at any stage during your pregnancy, in most cases it does not start until the 37th week at the earliest – three weeks before the due date.
Forward planning
As your delivery date approaches, it's very important to be prepared for labour as it can happen at any time. Make sure you know how you will get to the hospital, and have a bag packed with everything you will need (as you won't know how long the labour process will be).
Here are some things you may want to take with you:
- dressing gown
- one or two night shirts to wear during and after delivery (if you have anything that opens at the front this could be handy for breastfeeding)
- socks and slippers
- music, books and magazines in case you have a long labour
- toiletries
- a camera if you want to record the birth
- water spray to cool you down
- something to eat and drink (some hospitals may not have vending machines)
- a watch or a stopwatch so you can time your contractions
- lip balm
It is likely the hospital will be able to provide some or all of these, but you will probably feel more comfortable taking your own things. This is not necessarily a complete list, so have a think about anything else you might need.
How will you know you're in labour?
When you go into labour, one or more of the following things will happen (the labour process is different for everyone):
- contractions start occurring regularly, with increasingly shorter intervals between each one
- the contractions become increasingly longer, and stronger
- your waters will break (although this is only a sign of labour starting if it is accompanied by contractions)
- you may feel cramps, much like period pains, and pains in the lower back
- you may notice some vaginal discharge, of a brown or pink colour (this is known as 'the show')
If you are not sure if labour has started or not, call your doctor or midwife and they will be able to tell you.
False labour
It is possible to have contractions without actually being in labour. This is called a false labour. You are in a false labour if your cervix hasn't dilated (your midwife or doctor will tell you if this has happened or not) and if your contractions are not getting closer together and more intense.
If you are overdue
If your pregnancy lasts more than 42 weeks, this is called a prolonged pregnancy. After 42 weeks, you may be advised by your midwife or doctor to consider having an induction, especially if you have gone 10 to 14 days over 42 weeks. This is because your baby may be harmed by staying in the womb too long.
What is induction?
Having your baby induced simply means making labour happen. The most common method of induction is called a membrane sweep. This means the 'bag' of membranes that surround your baby are separated from the cervix, which in turn releases a hormone which tells the brain to start the labour process. A doctor or midwife can perform a membrane sweep during a simple internal examination.


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Steelers vs Bengals
Paul Brown Stadium
Cincinnati, OH
1pm EST, CBS
The Steelers, still stinging from their second loss to the Ravens last Sunday, bring their 6-3 record to Cincinnati to take on the upstart Bengals.
Both teams are fighting for potential playoff positions so this game is extremely important. The Steelers must win this game to keep pace with the division leaders and head into the bye at 7-3. The Bengals have a rookie QB in Andy Dalton and a top rated run defense so things will be far from easy. Plus having their home crowd behind them will make things very difficult. The Steeler fans always travel well and we expect to see a big turnout of Terrible Towels in Ohio this weekend.
Steelers latest injury news:
Emmanuel Sanders - Out
James Farrior - Questionable
Lamarr Woodley - Questionable
Chris Hoke - will be available
Hines Ward - Questionable but should play
Jerricho Cotchery - Probable
Join us to talk about the game LIVE as it happens!!


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Lowell (LHS) Class of 2011 Alumni List
Help us Update the Lowell 2011 Class List by adding any names missing from the list below:
Registered Alumni
2011 Class List
Know Lowell Class of 2011 graduates that are NOT on this List? Help us Update the 2011 Class List by adding missing names.
Reunions and Lowell High School News
More 2011 alumni from Lowell HS Whittier, CA have posted profiles on Classmates.com®. Click here to register for free at Classmates.com® and view other 2011 alumni.
The students that went to school at the Whittier high school called Lowell High School and graduated in '11 are on this page. Register to add your name to the class of 2011 graduates list.
You can also find out what other graduates are doing now, share memories with other alumn, upload pictures from Lowell and find other alumni.


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Doubts over Home Office e-tagging
Testing 'woefully inadequate', MPs told
Home Office assumptions about the high performance of tagging equipment, used to monitor prisoners on early release, is based on "woefully inadequate" evidence, MPs on the Public Accounts Committee were told.
The MPs heard from barristers that two of their clients, released from prison under a home detention curfew, were fitted with electronic tags by Home Office's contractor, Group 4 Securicor (G4S).
When both men reported to G4S that the tags had come off due to problems with their straps, they found themselves back in prison. The Home Office rejected the men's appeals against recall to prison and the straps were destroyed, despite the request that they be retained for evidence.
Last year the Home Office spent more than £100m on electronic tagging. The system is now an integral part of the criminal justice system and there are plans to extend tagging for offenders and asylum seekers.
But the MPs heard that although more than 225,000 people have been tagged since 1999, Home Office figures show that only two straps have been tested during that time. Both tests were carried out on a single occasion on 2 July 2004.
The committee was following up on a National Audit Office (NAO) report, published in February 2006, which shows that Home Office requirements that contractors carry out manual checks every 28 days, are not adhered to.
Two barristers, Ian Wise and Caoilfhionn Gallagher from London's Doughty Street Chambers, go further: "We are not aware of any independent monitoring or auditing of tags and equipment performance once fitted. We are not aware of any independent monitoring of contractors' staff competence at installing and fitting electronic monitoring," they told MPs in a written report submitted at the hearing.
Financial penalties imposed on the tagging contractors for poor performance, create an incentive to not to take proper responsibility for problems, the barristers said.
Tom Riall, chief executive of tagging supplier Serco Home Affairs, told the committee that in 2005 his company paid the Home Office £41,000 in penalties. G4S managing director David Taylor-Smith said in the last 12 months his company had paid £100,000 in penalties.
Taylor-Smith said most of this was before April 2005, when his company introduced a new national IT system to streamline its processes. Taylor-Smith said he was 100 per cent satisfied with his company's equipment. "We have yet to find an example of someone circumventing the equipment," he said.
The barristers believe the current electronic tagging system is poorly structured, with private contractors being responsible for implementing a system and monitoring their own performance. They also claim the NAO's report does not fully examine equipment performance and "does not touch on" human error in fitting tags.
"Rigorous and independent scrutiny of electronic monitoring schemes is required," Wise and Gallagher's report said.
"Without such scrutiny, it is difficult to assess whether the schemes represent value for money and respect the rights of those most affected by electronic monitoring – those who wear the tags."
Conservative MP Richard Bacon, acting chair of the committee, also raised the issue of problems with finalising paperwork so that prisoners can be released. The NAO examined 100 case files. It found that 58 prisoners were granted release under a home detection curfew, but only 28 of these (48 per cent) were released on their eligibility date.
This article was originally published at Kablenet.
Sponsored: Detecting cyber attacks as a small to medium business


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Forms Jobs
The Mitigation Division of the Federal Emergency Management Agency offers five different grant programs that help communities pay for projects that prevent the loss of life or property from flooding and other hazardous natural events: Hazard Mitigation, Flood Mitigation, Pre-Disaster Mitigation, Repetitive Flood Claims, Severe Repetitive Loss.
Read a summary of the grant programs [pdf/1.3MB/3p]
Receive E-Mail Notification When New Information is Posted on this PageAs a member, enjoy the benefits of MyCityofWS, including your choice of newsletters, and notifications about events and site updates. Login and Manage Your Subscriptions Now.


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United States: accelerating activity
Economic activity indicators are showing signs of acceleration, with an upward revision in GDP growth to 3.5% in Q3. The US continues to approach full employment and wages continue to rise. Following its December 14th meeting, the Fed has increased its rates by 25bps and surprised markets by becoming more hawkish with three interest rate hikes forecast this year. However, given the recent tightening in financial conditions, the central bank is likely to wait for more clarity on Donald Trump's economic policies before raising rates. We still expect stronger growth based on Donald Trump's fiscal stimulus programme, but recognise that a great deal of uncertainty surrounds this scenario. As a result, we have maintained our GDP forecasts in the United States at 2.3% in 2017 and 3.3% in 2018.
Euro zone: resilient to persistent political uncertainty
Recent surveys point to some acceleration in activity, with improving economic sentiment and stronger PMI indices. Meanwhile, consumption should remain firm, supported by an improving labour market. Furthermore, the recent depreciation of the euro is favourable to exports and overall GDP growth, while pushing inflation somewhat higher. Despite the retreating economic policy uncertainty in December, political risk remains high with elections scheduled in the Netherlands, France and Germany, and the expected start of the Brexit negotiations. However, liquidity remains ample thanks to significant central bank stimulus.
In this context, we have maintained our GDP forecast in the euro area at close to 1.5% in 2017 and 2018.
The expected monetary policy gap between the US and the rest of the world is likely to increase in the coming months. The Federal Reserve tightening cycle is ongoing, while monetary policies in Japan, the Eurozone and the UK remain highly accommodative.
Although political uncertainty has eased somewhat recently in the Euro zone, Italy remains weighed down by weak economic recovery, slow reform implementation and bank recapitalisations.
In this context, we expect modest GDP growth of 1.2% in 2017 and 1.0% in 2018 for Italy.
The global context remains supportive for equities. Improving economic momentum and a decline in European policy uncertainty justify decent equity market performances. The BofA Merril Lynch Fund Manager survey shows that positions in equities have risen to a 12-month high.
In terms of asset allocation, risk appears to have switched from equities to bonds, as the prospect of a US recession in 2017 has sharply diminished. Furthermore, equities have an attractive relative valuation compared to credit, and their expected return should be boosted by the end of the earnings recession in the US. However, we remain cautious due to the uncertain political environment, and have therefore adopted an overweight stance in equities.
We still believe in the possible re-rating of euro zone equities driven by their attractive valuation, an increase in corporate profits and positive investor sentiment as political uncertainty is receding.
However, uncertainty could resurface when Brexit negotiations start and the road ahead is paved with many political risks. This justifies our slight overweight on euro zone equities, while remaining negative on UK equities:
Relative to the US, the Euro equity performance has recouped some ground.
Despite the fact that emerging markets are still attractive, they are our lowest conviction. Economic momentum is improving, earnings are expected to grow and valuations are appealing, but possible protectionist measures coming from the newly-elected US administration may impact the region's relative performance. In addition, USD strength and the increase in US rates represent a drawback.
Meanwhile, India remains our preferred emerging market thanks to:
Commodities continued to perform well in December, boosted by an impressive year-end rally in the oil price. Brent crude jumped to above 55 USD/barrel as the markets await evidence of OPEC supply reductions in 2017. However, US oil production is likely to rise if the Trump administration acts in favour of drilling and possible deregulation, as could be expected. Moreover, industrial metals should benefit from expected US infrastructure spending.
Separately, gold dropped strongly to 1,200 USD/oz, driven lower by rising US yields and the decline in ETF holdings of gold.
OUR EXPERTISE Asset Allocation
Returns of different asset classes vary widely over time, and studies have shown that asset allocation decisions usually generate the lion's share of a portfolio's performance.


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Located on the border between Oakland and Berkeley in Rockridge, we are a small, lively restaurant serving terrific sandwiches by day and a delicious dinner by night, thanks to our Executive Chef Esteban Escobar.
We are happy members of the Wood Tavern family who provide gracious hospitality in a more casual environment. Please feel free to join us for some wine or a snack with us while you wait for your Tavern dinner reservation, or for any meal that suits you. We are open Monday through Saturday from nine until nine for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. (Yes, please do eat three square meals with us.) On Sundays we serve brunch from nine until three. We do not take reservations, but are always happy to pour you beer and wine from the Southie tap while you wait.


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Induction of Clinical Response Using Rifaximin in Crohn's Disease
|The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. Read our disclaimer for details.
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00603616
Recruitment Status : Active, not recruiting
First Posted : January 29, 2008
Last Update Posted : December 7, 2018
- Study Details
- Tabular View
- No Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
Antibiotics have been used to treat Crohn's disease symptoms with the best studied antibiotics being Cipro and Flagyl. Rifaximin is a poorly absorbed oral antibiotic that is FDA approved for travelers' diarrhea. It works by inhibiting bacterial reproduction. It is very poorly absorbed and over 97% of the drug taken orally is excreted in the feces.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential benefits and safety of Rifaximin for the treatment of moderate to severe symptoms of Crohn's Disease.
|Condition or disease
|Crohn's Disease
|Drug: Placebo Comparator Drug: Rifaximin
|Phase 2
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a debilitating chronic inflammatory disease conventionally categorized into Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). CD affects nearly 630,000 people in North America with up to 50,000 new people being diagnosed every year. It is a chronic debilitating disease characterized by abdominal pain, malnutrition, bloody diarrhea, fistula formation, intestinal perforations and strictures, and even extra-intestinal manifestations such as joint pains and skin rashes. Nearly 80% of people with CD will need surgical treatment at some point in their disease process. The majority of CD subjects are diagnosed in young adulthood thereby subjecting them to many decades of discomfort and medical intervention.
Antibiotics have been used to treat CD with variable response rates. The basis for antibiotic therapy is that breakdown of the integrity of the mucosal barrier in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract leads to a heightened inflammatory response to commensurate luminal bacteria. By changing the composition or bacterial load in the intestinal lumen, it may be possible to alter the immune response. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) and metronidazole (Flagyl) are the best studied antibiotics that have shown efficacy, but the effect is temporal and long term use can lead to serious side effects. Rifaximin is a recent FDA approved antibiotic with broad spectrum of activity, excellent safety profile, and minimal absorption from the GI tract. Open label and small studies in IBD subjects show response rates up to 80% in CD subjects. These studies were limited however in that they were not randomized placebo controlled trials.
The investigators propose to conduct a randomized placebo controlled crossover trial of rifaximin in CD subjects to assess initial clinical response compared to placebo.
|Study Type :
|Interventional (Clinical Trial)
|Actual Enrollment :
|36 participants
|Intervention Model:
|Crossover Assignment
|Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)
|Primary Purpose:
|Official Title:
|A Randomized, Prospective, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Rifaximin for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease
|Study Start Date :
|November 2008
|Estimated Primary Completion Date :
|December 2019
|Estimated Study Completion Date :
|December 2019
Placebo Comparator: 1
Placebo pills
Drug: Placebo Comparator
Matching oral placebo pills to be taken twice daily for a total of 8 weeks
Active Comparator: 2
Drug: Rifaximin
Oral rifaximin 550mg to be taken twice daily for a total of 8 weeks
Other Name: Xifaxan
- Evaluate the efficacy of rifaximin 550 mg bid compared to placebo in achieving clinical response in moderate to severe Crohn's Disease (CD) subjects as determined by a > 100 point decrease in the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
- Evaluate the efficacy of rifaximin compared to placebo at inducing clinical remission in CD subjects [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
- Evaluate the safety profile of rifaximin in subjects with active CD [ Time Frame: 16 weeks for those subjects who do not cross over, 32 weeks for those who do cross over ]
- Evaluate the effect rifaximin has on the quality of life in subjects with CD compared to placebo [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
- Evaluate if there are any clinical parameters which might predict response to rifaximin [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
- Compare mean changes in CDAI scores between rifaximin and placebo treated subjects [ Time Frame: 8 weeks ]
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years to 80 Years (Adult, Older Adult)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Male or female subjects, 18 to 80 years of age, inclusive, that can themselves provide written, informed consent and authorization of use of protected health information prior to any study-related procedures and who are, in the opinion of the investigator(s), likely to comply with all the requirements of the study
- Subjects must have a prior diagnosis of CD established by endoscopy and clinical parameters as determined by the investigator(s) for at least 3 months prior to randomization
- Subjects must be able to participate in all required follow-up visits and fill out all related documentation (e.g. symptom diary)
- Subjects currently with moderately active disease defined as a CDAI 250-450
Concomitant medications:
- If subjects are taking sulfasalazine or 5-ASA products prior to entry, the dose must be stable for at least 4 weeks prior to the randomization
- If subjects are on azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, or methotrexate, they will have had to be on a stable dosage for at least 8 weeks
- Subjects are allowed to be on corticosteroids at a dose equivalent to 20 mg or less of prednisone, IF the dose has been stable for a minimum of 2 weeks. Steroids must be held stable throughout the induction portion of the study. The maximum dose of budesonide must not exceed 9mg per day and must also have been stable for a minimum of 2 weeks.
- No oral or intravenous antibiotics within 4 weeks prior to randomization
- No current or past use of biological treatment within 6 weeks of randomization into study (e.g. infliximab)
- If subjects have previously been on any of the above products but are no longer taking them, they should not have received any of the relevant therapeutic products within 4 weeks prior to randomization
- No other experimental or non-FDA approved medications are allowed. If the subject has previously been on an experimental therapy, they must have not received the therapy within the prior 8 weeks prior to randomization
- Subjects on concomitant medications for CD will not be allowed to change dosages during the study
- If subjects are at increased risk of colorectal cancer (defined as having an 8-year history of pan-colitis or 12 year history of left sided colitis), they will need to have undergone a colonoscopy with pan-colonic surveillance biopsies within 2 years of the screening visit. The biopsies must be negative for dysplasia
- Female or male subjects who are surgically sterilized or who are prepared to and agree to practice a double-barrier form of birth control from the screening visit through 30 days (females) and 30 days (males), respectively, from the last dose of study medication. Females who are more than 12 months post-menopausal are also eligible to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria:
Evidence of active infection which may include any of the following
- Febrile ( > 38.5ºC)
- Positive blood culture within 2 weeks prior to randomization
- Evidence of toxic megacolon or abscess
- Positive stool culture for enteric pathogens, pathogenic ova or parasite, or a positive assay for C. difficile toxin at screening
- Subjects with CDAI > 450
- Any current use or use within the last 8 weeks of an investigational drug
- Current or past use (within past 12 wks) of biological treatment
- Current or use within the last 4 weeks of any oral or intravenous antibiotic
- Anticipated increased dosage of any medication to treat CD
- Anticipated need for surgery within 12 weeks
- Known obstructive diseases of the gastrointestinal system
- Medical conditions requiring in-patient hospitalization
- Proctocolectomy, total colectomy, ileostomy, or stoma
Severe cardiopulmonary disease:
- Congestive heart failure (NYHA Class III or IV)
- Severe cardiovascular or peripheral vascular disease
- Myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, or bypass surgery within the past 6 months
Significant liver disease:
- Levels of SGOT [AST], SGPT [ALT], or alkaline phosphatase > 2.5x the upper limit of the normal range for the laboratory performing test
- History of cirrhosis
- Renal insufficiency, defined as serum creatinine > 150% of the upper limit of the normal range for the laboratory performing the test
- Abnormal hematology parameters defined as severe anemia with hemoglobin < 8.5 g/dL and/or white blood cell count of < 3,500/ul
- Malignancy within the past 2 years other than surgically cured skin carcinoma or cervical dysplasia (CIN I-II)
- History of dysplasia or carcinoma of the colon
- Pregnant, lactating, or planning to become pregnant during the course of the investigational study
- Known history of allergic reaction to rifaximin or allergy to any of the rifamycin antimicrobial agents (which include rifampin, rifabutin, and rifapentine)
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT00603616
|United States, Washington
|University of Washington Medical Center
|Seattle, Washington, United States, 98195
|Principal Investigator:
|Scott D Lee, MD
|University of Washington
|Responsible Party:
|Scott Lee, Professor, University of Washington
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|Other Study ID Numbers:
32871 ( Other Identifier: University of Washington )
|First Posted:
|January 29, 2008 Key Record Dates
|Last Update Posted:
|December 7, 2018
|Last Verified:
|December 2018
|Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
|Plan to Share IPD:
|Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product:
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Crohn disease
Crohn's disease
Crohn Disease
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Gastrointestinal Diseases
Digestive System Diseases
Intestinal Diseases
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Gastrointestinal Agents