text:
Information Security
- FeatureCompliance Guide for Managers
- FeatureRecent Releases: Security product briefs, March 2006
- FeatureRecent Releases: Security product briefs, March 2006
- FeatureHot Pick: NFR Security's Sentivist 5.0
- FeaturePortable device security: Centennial Software's DeviceWall 3.1
- FeatureGoogle Hacking: Why being a Google dork is hurting your company
- FeatureSecure from the Start
- FeatureUnplugged
- FeatureIntegrated Security
- FeatureEditor's Desk: The case for application-layer security
- FeatureLayer 8: Military, defense sectors offer little security leadership
- FeaturePrespectives
- FeaturePing: William Pelgrin
iSTOCK/GETTY IMAGES
PRODUCT REVIEW Even if you don't have an unauthorized WLAN, you need protection.
Even if you don't have an unauthorized WLAN, you need protection now that your users are...
There are two kinds of wireless networks: those you know about and those you don't. Wireless adapters have become commodities, embedded in every laptop moving in and out of your organization. Whether you are trying to enforce strict no-wireless policies or protecting your growing wireless infrastructure as an essential part of your business, you can't afford to allow unsecured Wi-Fi connections on your network.
Wireless security products have rapidly evolved and matured to meet the rigorous security demands of the enterprise. When wireless IDSes/IPSes first hit the market, they were little more than RF scanners designed to identify 802.11 traffic within close proximity to their sensors. Now, they are overlay solutions integrated into existing WLAN infrastructure and mobile or hand-held devices. They sport a multitude of rich features such as compliance reporting and site assessment for sensor placement, in addition to accurately detecting and blocking numerous wireless attacks.
|Making the Grade
|Click here for the evaluation results. (PDF).
We then graded each product based on its ability to identify and thwart common wireless attacks, as well as its features, such as policy enforcement, tracking and blocking, response automation, reporting, installation and ease-of-use (see "Making the Grade" PDF).
|Test Bed
About this Review
First, each product was set up in a basic test lab to determine if all versions were up to date and that all features and functionality were present. Products were also deployed in the posture that assumed a zero-wireless policy and tested for tracing, alerting and blocking capabilities.
We then moved into a live industrial environment, with an extensive wireless network serving many of wireless devices, including a variety of laptops, wireless NICs in desktops and hand-held devices. The server appliance/console and sensors were connected to the physical network, and three sensors from each product were placed in identical locations throughout the building.
We focused on common wireless threats, such as rogue devices, laptops with wireless NICs in ad-hoc mode, and misconfigured access points. Wireless attacks included MAC spoofing, denial-of-service and man-in-the-middle--all conducted using the freely available Auditor security collection from remote-exploit.org, which includes approximately 300 tools, such as Kismet, a wireless scanner; aireplay, a wireless packet injector; Void11, a wireless authentication packet generator; and changemac.sh, a MAC address changer.
A comprehensive site survey is absolutely critical to planning a successful wireless IDS/IPS deployment. Even the most sophisticated tools won't protect you if there are gaps in your defenses.
Each of these products includes site survey tools to determine the best locations for RF reception, helping you place not only the sensors but the wireless access points (APs) to best advantage. Although wireless IDS/IPS vendors can tell you the basic coverage of their sensors, building materials and conditions impact bit and error rates--and the same goes for APs. Metal shelves, microwave ovens, window blinds, doors, HVAC systems and power/network distribution closets, etc. can impact 802.11 signals.
AirTight's SpectraGuard Planner, AirMagnet's Surveyor and Network Chemistry's RFprotect Survey (all tools included with their base products) provide detailed planning for WLAN IDS/IPS deployment. AirTight goes a step further by offering professional services to create a sensor placement blueprint based on floor plan/coverage area. AirDefense Mobile only offers limited RF planning tools in the form of real-time discovery with capture file playback for later analysis.
AirTight's tool was the easiest to use and was much more granular than the others, accounting for factors such as construction materials and an extensive list of wireless equipment. AirTight and AirMagnet also provide the ability to simulate WLAN deployments for best RF coverage. AirMagnet Surveyor has a nicer interface than Network Chemistry, but their functionality is about the same--delivering important information such as coverage area, RF signal strength, data rates and packet loss.
A relatively new feature that simplifies sensor deployment is power over Ethernet (PoE), which eliminates the need for an additional power adapter for each sensor. That translates into significant cost savings and performance enhancement; sensor placement isn't limited to nearby power sources or installing electrical outlets. All but AirDefense are PoE-compliant.
AirTight presented a painless and secure installation and excellent configuration options. Each of the others had some "gotcha" that hindered installation and configuration.
We were particularly pleased that AirTight forces the use of a strong administrative password. It can also enforce policy on individual subnets; for example, there could be a subnet for employees, one for vendors/partners, one for contractors and one for guests.
The AirTight and AirDefense appliances were initialized with basic network settings using a command-line interface through a serial connection; the administrative consoles were accessed through a Java-based GUI using a secure browser connection. Setup wizards took us through the basics of access point and client classifications, 802.11 security and intrusion detection/prevention policies. AirMagnet and Network Chemistry are both software-based, so the configuration wizards start from the moment of installation.
Overall, we found both AirDefense and AirMagnet more complex and time-consuming than AirTight to install and configure. (AirDefense bills itself as a plug-and-play configuration, but we didn't find this to be the case.) Instant network device synchronization was also supposed to be an AirDefense feature; however, during our testing several of the APs from less common vendors had to be reset in order for AirDefense to identify them.
The configuration choices were pretty much the same across the board for security policies, letting us limit access based on security settings (WPA, WEP, AES), protocol (802.11a/b/g), SSID and AP vendors. Since the practical testing environment had multiple AP vendors and mobile users with older equipment capable of only 802.11b and WEP, our security settings were set to SSID and the use of WEP--the bare minimum for wireless security.
AirMagnet suggests installing its Enterprise Server on a machine solely dedicated to running only its services; if you use Microsoft SQL Server with AirMagnet Enterprise Reporter, it needs to be installed on another machine. We'd prefer one hardened, rack-mounted appliance.
Network Chemistry's initial installation and configuration was somewhat confusing. There are multiple choices on wizard windows that use inconsistent terminology (client vs. console). Auto-provisioning the sensors through either DNS or DHCP required additional steps such as auto-generating Encrypted Transport Layer keys, DNS addressing schemes and vendor-specific DHCP tags.
For large, distributed installations, this functionality is probably worth the effort to figure out, but for our practical testing, we manually configured each sensor through the console by simply clicking the "Add Sensor" button. The configuration from there was similar to setting a network adapter on any Windows-based system using DHCP or by inputting static IP settings. The template settings, which let us set up a single sensor and then load those settings on to the other sensors, made the job fairly painless.
There is a lot of neat technology in Network Chemistry's software, but the details will challenge anyone except an RF engineer to set it up.
On the Radar
Deciding what to monitor and effectively managing every RF signal in an enterprise environment are daunting tasks. Given the proliferation of wireless devices, this includes tracking both authorized and unauthorized RF signals in your airspace, and investigating and halting potential attacks.
AirTight's dashboard stood out for its ability to give you a quick assessment of your network security, and then easily drill down for details. For example, if you want to see APs using WEP, you can click on the appropriate column for a list of all the devices according to type of encryption.
AirTight's dashboard displays quarantined, known and unknown devices, as well as a security scorecard that rates the WLAN as either secure or vulnerable. Security scorecard settings can be customized so that if sensors pick up a neighboring WLAN that isn't a threat, the scorecard won't display your network as vulnerable. In the quarantine section on the dashboard, there's a button that pops you directly into the IPS policy editor for quick changes--such as when the boss arrives with a new wireless PDA and is shut out of the network. A colored bar graph gives a real-time view of what is taking place on the WLAN. Within seconds of launching our DoS attack, for example, we saw the scorecard change from green to red and the bar for DoS attacks rise. We didn't have to read any numbers or descriptions to know we had trouble.
AirMagnet's console cleanly displays all deployed sensors and policies in a tree format on the left side of the console, with one-click access to editing tools at the top of the display. However, we really had to concentrate to wade through the wealth of information--statistics displayed through both numbers and bar graphs of security events, policy violations and WLAN performance--to figure out what was happening on our network.
We had to use the menu options at the bottom of the console to access a listing on rogues, infrastructure details and AirWISE, which displays current alarms and policy violations, and their location, along with the policy and infrastructure tree similar to the console page. We actually preferred the AirWISE display to the main console.
AirMagnet's Rogue View screen lists all detected rogue devices with detailed information about them in a single view. AirMagnet showed significant improvement in triangulating the location of rogue devices compared to an earlier review, almost matching the accuracy of the other three products, all of which tracked offending devices to within a few feet of their actual location.
AirDefense's console was the easiest to navigate, despite the incredible amount of information displayed, but was visually overwhelming. AirDefense provided an extensive overview of the entire WLAN, with individual statistic areas for associations, APs and clients, signal strengths and traffic (by channel and amount transferred). We would have preferred less information up front, with the ability to drill down as needed.
Network Chemistry's console lacked the polish of the competition, but we liked the simple display that instantly showed the critical security factors of our WLAN, including a summary of security alerts (intrusions, threats, vulnerabilities and attacks), the most active devices, a summary of operational alerts (new clients and APs), number and status of sensors, an inventory of connections and their status, and a graphical breakdown of the spectrum (802.11a/b/g). More detailed information was available with a single click on a tab.
|Airwave attacks
Wireless threats & vulnerabilities
Like their wired counterparts, wireless networks are subject to their own kinds of attacks and vulnerabilities, which Information Security used to put four wireless IDS/IPS products to the test.
Attacks included the following:
MAC spoofing. Because wireless MAC addresses are broadcast, potential attackers can sniff the air for legitimate MAC addresses associated with authorized WLAN clients, access points and even wired infrastructure, such as switches and routers. Using changemac.sh, we spoofed addresses for a number of devices.
Denial of service. Using Void11, we directed a flood of authentication packets at deployed access points.
Man-in-the-middle. We configured a rogue access point with the same SSID and channel information as our WLAN, and transmitted spoofed de-authentication packets to internal wireless clients in an effort to terminate their association with an authorized AP and have them associate with the rogue device.
These are the frequently encountered vulnerabilities configured in our testing:
Rogue access points. A wired rogue is created when someone plugs an unauthorized AP into the wired network. A soft AP is a network adapter in a wireless device (often a laptop) functioning as an access point, allowing anyone to attach to the device. Soft APs make it a breeze to tap into laptops and PDAs in hotel lobbies and airports.
Misassociations. These occur when a wireless adapter attaches to the wrong AP. This has turned out to be an ugly problem for early wireless VoIP phones; they may inadvertently attach to the AP with the strongest signal, instead of the one carrying the VoIP call.
Peer-to-peer networks. A Windows XP laptop with a wireless client will try to connect to an SSID that it has successfully connected to before--at home or a hot spot--because the adapter will automatically connect to another AP with the same SSID without the user's knowledge.
Misconfigured devices. If an AP is not in a centrally managed WLAN, chances are this type of misconfiguration would go completely unnoticed.
All four products detected everything we threw at them--including a host of common attacks (see "Wireless Threats & Vulnerabilities").
The way they process the threats is worth noting. AirMagnet and Network Chemistry perform in-depth analysis at the sensor and then send an aggregate back to the server. There is a distinct advantage to this method because, even if the central server goes down, the sensors continue to protect the WLAN. AirTight and AirDefense perform minimal analysis at the sensor, sending collected data back to the server for more extensive analysis and correlation. AirTight allows users to upload SpectraGuard Sensor software onto other vendors' access points, turning them into SpectraGuard Sensors and saving both time and money.
Given the extensive coverage of enterprise WLANs, creating an access policy can be challenging, especially for organizations using a mix of equipment from multiple vendors. The granularity of policy configuration for the tested products covered a vast array of choices--individual and global settings, channel, encryption method, vendor and behavior. For example, we configured our products to ignore traffic that was not trying to connect to any devices associated with our WLAN. This is critical for enterprises that operate in areas in which other WLANs can overlap--such as in high-rise office buildings and business parks.
AirTight shone with rapid response time for identification and extensive details of all attacks.
Network Chemistry responded to our attacks faster than AirDefense and AirMagnet, but didn't provide their robust level of detail. Its alerts offered minimal information, such as the alert type (e.g., rogue AP), the offending address, the location of the nearest sensor, a time and date stamp, and some canned information about the type of alert. The rest of the products provided much more information about the their alerts, including the device name, MAC address, amount of data transferred, duration of the event and other devices involved.
All the products block rogues on both the wired and wireless side. Wireless blocking is done by signal jamming and can be quarantined for a specified amount of time or until the alarm is acknowledged. Wired threats, such as rogue APs, can be traced and blocked at the switch port.
Unlike wired IDS systems, wireless IDS/IPS systems don't need an extensive amount of tuning or frequent signature updates to reduce false positives. Their custom-tuning is much more intuitive and GUI-based than, say, writing Snort signatures. In fact, during our testing, the only false positive returned was from AirMagnet on an older, D-Link 802.11b AP.
No Wireless Allowed
One of the strongest business cases for these stand-alone solutions is their ability to identify unauthorized WLANs in organizations with a zero-wireless policy.
Practically every laptop shipped with Windows XP tries to connect with a wireless network from the moment the it is powered on. With a $20 off-the-shelf access point, an employee can punch a hole in your firewall in less than five minutes by simply plugging into the corporate network. Likewise, in high-rise and campus environments, where existing WLANs often overlap, peer-to-peer networks and inadvertent association from your employees' wireless laptops open your organization to many vulnerabilities.
We set up each product to identify all RF traffic detected. Rogue APs, laptops broadcasting in ad hoc mode and other private WLANs in proximity to the sensors were immediately identified by each product. We were particularly impressed when the AirTight sensor picked up a passing delivery truck's barcode scanner.
Considering its accurate detection at such a low cost, Network Chemistry would be a good choice for implementing a no-wireless policy.
Alerting and Reporting
No longer chained to their consoles, managers are demanding more ways to receive critical alerts when their networks are under siege, as well as generating reports for auditors and management.
AirMagnet topped our list with nine different ways to deliver alerts, which can be set based on their individual thresholds of importance. AirDefense and AirTight have similar options, but Network Chemistry trailed the pack.
Logging and reporting has become critical due to strict audit requirements and government regulations. It's no surprise that wireless security measures are subject to increasing scrutiny.
Each of the products provides enterprise-class reporting features. AirDefense has the most robust reporting, offering an exhaustive amount of data (well over 200 data points per device) on a minute-by-minute basis. Its reports include historical analysis and trends, and those based on device, security and policy compliance.
Although Network Chemistry doesn't have such extensive capabilities, its strength lies in the ease at which reports can be set up, and automatically generated and distributed.
AirMagnet's compliance reporting was the most comprehensive, providing reports for auditing requirements associated with DoD 8100.2, HIPAA, SOX and GLBA.
AirTight provides four reports specific to regulatory compliance, in addition to commonly requested reports, such as detailed event and sensor listings. It excels in its flexibility to customize and edit templates, and to create templates from scratch.
Attractive Options
It's hard to go wrong with any of these choices. All of them are close in terms of features in functionality.
AirTight's SpectraGuard was the easiest to deploy, configure and manage. We were instantly alerted to attacks and vulnerabilities. With the maturity of their products, AirDefense and AirMagnet can meet the rigorous demands of the enterprise, but also have developed an air of complexity. Network Chemistry's RFprotect is a no-frills wireless IDS/IPS at a price that makes it a good deal, especially for organizations looking to enforce a zero wireless policy.
Dig Deeper on Wireless network security
Fluke Networks AirMagnet Enterprise: WIPS overview
Comparing the top wireless intrusion prevention systems
Wireless intrusion prevention system smartens school district Wi-Fi
Offering wireless security services: Opportunities with 802.11n security


text:
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Those who decide to invest on Valledaosta.indettaglio.it do it because of its identity and because of its users who choose, even in the information, an unmistakeable , overall quality of the site content.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
All the time I see people are complaining about program's removal online, seeking answers desperately. Like "I have tried everything I know to remove CyberLink YouCam 3, and it's still there like all I've done is totally a waste of time. Can someone tell me how to effectively uninstall this program? By any means necessary!"Download Pro APP Remover
So, what is the reason that you failed to remove CyberLink YouCam 3? I can't be sure without witnessing the whole process. Perhaps you didn't shut down CyberLink YouCam 3 before going through the removal, or the program itself went wrong. And most of the users forgot to delete the related registry keys after they've performed the previous steps.
You don't want to give up so soon, so you are reading this. Uninstalling the programs you don't need anymore and those you will never use is a good way to maintain the performance, keeping system crises at bay. If you are tired of being a whiner and want to make every second count, let's now cut to the chase.
But if you are using the same account all the time, don't bother to understand what I just said, and go to the next.
Press and hold Ctrl + Alt + Del on your keyboard to open Task Manager > Make sure the program isn't running by checking the Applications tab, then go to the Processes tab, and end the related ones. They probably have similar names.
Windows 7: Click on Start button in the bottom left corner (or simply hit the Windows key on your keyboard), move your mouse pointer to the Control Panel and then click on it. > Select Uninstall a program under the Programs section. (If you're a user of Windows XP, click on Add or Remove Programs.)
Windows 8: Right-click on Start button in the lower-left corner, and click on Control Panel > Select Uninstall a program under the Programs section.
Windows 10: Open the Start menu > Click Settings > Click System on the Settings menu > Select Apps & features from the left pane, then a list of all installed apps appears in the right pane.
Select CyberLink YouCam 3 > Click the Uninstall button that appears (If it is grayed out, this is a system app you cannot remove) > Click the Uninstall pop-up button to confirm. Its default uninstaller will be activated with a pop-up window, on which please choose the last option Uninstall, and hit the Continue/Yes button when being told "You are about to remove CyberLink YouCam 3." > Wait for the installation wizard to process your request and quietly perform the removing process.
At last it may tell you "The product was successfully uninstalled, blah blah blah…". Just click on Restart computer (or Restart later) button if there is the button.
If you've never done this before, not even for once, I suggest backing up your Registry before continuing. More troubles would be brought if anything is deleted by mistake. And it's way too complicated to explain how to restore the data. So, just be careful. You can read How to Backup Windows Registry by scrolling down the page.
To open the Registry Editor:
Windows 7 Click on Start button (or simply hit the Windows key on your keyboard), type "regedit" in the box and press Enter key.
Windows 8 Just like how you opened Control Panel > Hover your mouse pointer to the bottom right corner until you see the charms bar pops up from the right side, type "regedit" in the search box, and hit the Enter key on your keyboard.
Windows 10 Executing "regedit" from any command-line area (just like how you do it on Windows 8).
Then the Registry Editor will be presented with a new window > From the left pane in Registry Editor, drill down until you locate the registry key named CyberLink YouCam 3 > Once found, right-click or tab-and-hold it and select Delete > You'll be asked to confirm the key or value deletion request, tap or click Yes to completely remove CyberLink YouCam 3.Download Pro APP Remover
The kind of that benefits from a value or key removal is usually the kind of thing that requires a PC restart to take effect.
By now You have come a long way to remove CyberLink YouCam 3. Personally they are pretty much the same thing in different versions of Windows. So when I switch between them, I won't be confused. Do you? Well, there is actually another way that applies to all the popular Windows operating systems. Find out the way under the next subtitle.
Right on.
What I'm trying to recommend is a cleaning tool that sees to your needs in such problems. It can quickly remove CyberLink YouCam 3 and other stubborn programs from your system, and it's definitely not a quickie.
Clicking will bring you back to the program list, then you may check whether CyberLink YouCam 3 has gone from your PC.
This method saves your time and spares the system from several possible risks. Without any other bundled product that might threaten the system security, it has won many users in the past few years. Give it a shot to see if it's worth keeping. And there are other things you can learn in the following content. Just enjoy the reading.
Method One: Create A System Restore Point (For Windows 10)
Method Two: Back Up the Registry Manually
OK, thanks for reading this How to Remove CyberLink YouCam 3 I wrote. I think I've done my part today. My fellas and I will keep updating the site, so that more and more tutorials will be collected for people in need. Whenever you come across a problem on your PC, remember to seek help from here. I wish you can always cut through the crap easily and sweep the troubles far away.Download Pro APP Remover
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text:
ZizziMangiare > Ristoranti & Locali Bio ...
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Since then we've opened more than 140 restaurants across the UK & Ireland. Our aim? To be individually Italian. Every time you dine with us, it should be for great Italian inspired food in an environment designed with individual touches unique to the local area.We aren't your average pizza place either. Our signature Rustica pizzas are hand stretched to make a bigger, thinner and crispier base and then loaded with inspired topping combinations.We also offer a range of Italian favourites with added Zizzi twists, like guilt-free Skinny Pizzas or our Zizzi Spiedini (a Mediterranean hanging skewer of oven roasted meat or fish served over Tuscan potatoes).We've also recently expanded our allergen offering with the addition of a new vegan mozzarella alternative, along with a range of non-gluten containing dishes and a vegan dessert.Our menu really does cater for everyone, no matter what your requirements may be, ensuring everyone has a great time when they dine with us.
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text: Chromosomal localization and age distribution of intact Sireviruses up to 5 million years old, in the genome of Oryza sativa indica (visualized with Circos). Each concentric circle represents 0.5 million years, with the outer containing the youngest elements. Each tick mark on the chromosomes is 1MB of sequence. Red bands (if present) represent centromeres.


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Max Scherzer was at Comerica Park on Thursday for the start of the Detroit Tigers' winter caravan.
Scherzer OK with contract talk
Max Scherzer was ready for all the questions — and he doesn't seem to mind that his contract status is such a big topic as spring training approaches.
"I figured you guys wanted to talk about it, but this is the perfect time, during the off-season, when we're not playing baseball," Scherzer said.
Scherzer was at Comerica Park on Thursday for the start of the Detroit Tigers' winter caravan.
He recently agreed to a one-year, $15,525,000 deal with the Tigers, avoiding arbitration but leaving plenty of questions still unanswered about his future.
Scherzer, last year's AL Cy Young Award winner, can become a free agent after this season. He says he has no problem fielding questions about his future now, before spring training starts.
By the time opening day rolls around, though, he'll be focused on pitching.
So there's a sense the clock is ticking if the Tigers want to lock up their star right-hander before he reaches free agency.
Detroit signed ace Justin Verlander to a $180 million, seven-year deal shortly before last season, avoiding the prospect of Verlander testing the open market.
But Verlander was two seasons away from free agency. Scherzer has only one more to go.
"Every player wants to be a free agent," Scherzer said. "At the same time, you realize we've got a good thing here in Detroit."
The Tigers have won three straight AL Central titles, and Scherzer went 21-3 with a 2.90 ERA last season, winning the Cy Young two years after Verlander did.
General manager Dave Dombrowski didn't offer many specifics about the status of negotiations with Scherzer, but he left no doubt about how the organization feels about the 29-year-old pitcher.
"I would not characterize our discussion as strong, weak, anything other than we are hopeful that we'd like to have him in the organization for an extended time," Dombrowski said.
"I know he has expressed a desire that he'd like to stay here. Hopefully that leads to a position where something can happen."
A couple recent deals have given Scherzer a sense of the type of contract that could await him.
Clayton Kershaw, a two-time Cy Young winner who is four years younger than Scherzer, reached a $215 million, seven-year agreement to stay with the Los Angeles Dodgers. Japanese star Masahiro Tanaka came to terms with the New York Yankees for $155 million over seven years.
"Owners are making more money, and therefore players are going to make more money," Scherzer said. "You have new TV money coming in. That's good for everybody involved. It's win-win for the owners and for the players."
Scherzer says his arm feels good, and that he'll keep working to improve. He said his curveball can still progress, for example.
"There's always things you can tinker with in spring training. It's a great time to practice and try new things," he said.
The question is whether this might be his final season in Detroit, but that's not a prospect Scherzer is too worked up about right now.
"I love it here in Detroit. This is a great team, we've got so much talent, we've been together for so long, and I'm comfortable," Scherzer said.
"Obviously this is a place I want to play, and that's why I said hopefully we can get something done before spring training."


text:
February 22, 2020
They don't belong in this world!
From writing, to research, to images, find your preferred way to contribute with our fourth theme: Demons!
Spiritual Stone
|Spiritual Stone
Artwork of the Kokiri's Emerald, Goron's Ruby, and Zora's Sapphire
|Other media
Opening the Door of Time
The Spiritual Stones are items in Ocarina of Time.[1]
Uses and Location
The Spiritual Stones are required to open the Door of Time, which has sealed away the Master Sword in the Temple of Time.[2] When Link travels to Hyrule and meets Princess Zelda for the first time, she reveals that she had a dream that someone from the Forest in possession of the Kokiri's Emerald would come to meet her.[3][4] She also reveals that the races who protect these stones will only open their minds to those who know the melody of the Royal Family.[5]
During his quest to unlock the Sacred Realm and steal the Triforce, Ganondorf was denied the Spiritual Stones by each of their respective guardians.[6] In response, he cursed them all. In order to obtain the Spiritual Stones, Link is required to free the guardians from Ganondorf's malevolence. Once all the Spiritual Stones are collected, Link must place them in the pedestal facing the Door of Time. He must then play the "Song of Time" in order to open the door leading to the Master Sword.
Kokiri's Emerald
The Kokiri's Emerald, the Spiritual Stone of the Forest, is protected by the Great Deku Tree.[7] In order to obtain it, Link must destroy the parasite that had infested him. After Link defeats Gohma, the Great Deku Tree tells him that the creature's curse had already sealed his fate and dies shortly after giving Link the stone.[8]
Goron's Ruby
The Goron's Ruby, the Spiritual Stone of Fire, is a treasure hidden by the Goron race.[9] When the Sacred Realm was sealed, the Gorons were entrusted with guarding it. It is passed down among their leaders.[10] After Link defeats the evil creatures inside Dodongo's Cavern, the Gorons' source of food, he is given the stone by Darunia, the patriarch of the Gorons.[11]
Zora's Sapphire
The Zora's Sapphire, the Spiritual Stone of Water, was given to Princess Ruto by her mother, who told her to entrust it to the man who will become her husband.[12] After Link saves Ruto from Inside Jabu-Jabu's Belly, the princess falls in love with the hero and gives him the Zora's Sapphire as a symbol of their "engagement."[13]
Non-Canon Appearances
Ocarina of Time (Himekawa)
- During development of Ocarina of Time, the Spiritual Stones would be inserted inside the Ocarina of Time in order to enter the Temple of Time.[14]
- The Kokiri's Emerald was called "Kokiri's Jade" in early screenshots of the game,[citation needed] which is a direct translation from its Japanese name.
|Names in Other Regions
|Spiritual Stone
|Kokiri's Emerald
|Goron's Ruby
|Zora's Sapphire
|精霊石 (Seirei Seki)
|コキリのヒスイ (Kokiri no Hisui)
|ゴロンのルビー (Goron no Rubī)
|ゾーラのサファイア (Zōra no Safaia)
|精灵石 (Jīnglíng Shí)
|科奇里翡翠 (Kēqílǐ Féicuì)
|鼓隆红宝石 (Gǔlóng Hóngbǎoshí)
|卓拉蓝宝石 (Zhuólā Lánbǎoshí)
|Pierre ancestral (OoT3D)
|Pierres Ancestrales
|Émeraude Kokiri
|Rubis Goron
|Saphir Zora
|Heilige Steine
|Goronen-Opal (OoT)
Goronen-Rubin (OoT3D)
|Smeraldo dei Kokiri
|Rubino dei Goron
|Zaffiro degli Zora
|Piedra espiritual (OoT3D)
|Esmeralda Kokiri
|Rubí Goron
|Zafiro Zora
- ↑ Hyrule Historia (Dark Horse Books) pg. 84
- ↑ "That's right... The Temple of Time is the entrance through which you can enter the Sacred Realm from our world. But the entrance is sealed with a stone wall called the Door of Time. And, in order to open the door, it is said that you need to collect three Spiritual Stones." — Princess Zelda (Ocarina of Time)
- ↑ "...You wouldn't happen to have... the Spiritual Stone of the Forest, would you?! That green and shining stone..." — Princess Zelda (Ocarina of Time)
- ↑ "The light turned into a figure holding a green and shining stone, followed by a fairy... I know this is a prophecy that someone would come from the forest... Yes, I thought you might be the one..." — Princess Zelda (Ocarina of Time)
- ↑ "The Spiritual Stone... You finally found it! It is said that the races that hold the Spiritual Stones open their minds only to one who knows the melody of the Royal Family. But you already know that, don't you?" — Princess Zelda (Ocarina of Time)
- ↑ "All this trouble must have been caused by that Gerudo thief, Ganondorf! He said, "Give me the Spiritual Stone! Only then will I open the cave for you!"" — Darunia (Ocarina of Time)
- ↑ "Take this stone with you. The stone that man wanted so much, that he cast the curse on me..." — Great Deku Tree (Ocarina of Time)
- ↑ "Though your valiant efforts to break the curse were successful, I was doomed before you started... Yes, I will pass away soon... But do not grieve for me..." — Great Deku Tree (Ocarina of Time)
- ↑ "The Spiritual Stone of Fire, also known as the Goron's Ruby, is our race's hidden treasure...." — Darunia (Ocarina of Time)
- ↑ "When the Sacred Realm was sealed, it was the Gorons who were entrusted with guarding the Spiritual Stone of Fire, which is passed down among their leaders." (Encyclopedia (Dark Horse Books) pg. 47)
- ↑ "Why don't you go destroy the monsters inside of the Dodongo's Cavern and prove you're a real man? That way, everybody will be happy again! If you do it, I will give you anything you want, even the Spiritual Stone!" — Darunia (Ocarina of Time)
- ↑ "My mother gave it to me and said I should give it only to the man who will be my husband. You might call it the Zora's Engagement Ring!" — Princess Ruto (Ocarina of Time)
- ↑ "You! You looked cool...cooler than I thought you would, anyway... Just a little! Well, anyway, you saved me, so I guess I'll reward you. What do you wish? Just tell me... [...] All right! I'll give you my most precious possession: Zora's Sapphire!" — Princess Ruto (Ocarina of Time)
- ↑ "Just as the subtitle of the game suggests, this is important for going to the "Tower of Time." If you go inside, Ocarina must have the three soul stones inserted." —Shigeru Miyamoto (The Z-Files)


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via press release:
Two-Hour Special Catches Up with Popular Contestants From Past Seasons, Including Two who Fell in Love on the Show and Get Engaged at the Biggest Loser Ranch, One Who Fulfilled Her Dream to Have a Baby After Losing Weight, A Tongan Player's Motivational Trip to Meet with Tongan Royalty, and 50 Former Contestants Reuniting to Compete in the San Francisco Triathlon and 5K and 10K Races at Treasure Island
UNIVERSAL CITY, Calif. – October 11, 2010 – Viewers will get a chance to catch up with some of their favorite contestants from the last nine seasons of NBC's hit series "The Biggest Loser" with the inspiring Thanksgiving week special "The Biggest Loser: Where Are They Now?" airing Wednesday, November 24 (9-11 p.m. ET). Season 10 of "The Biggest Loser" currently airs Tuesdays at 8 p.m. ET.
More than 30 former contestants will be featured in the special, revealing how they look now and what they've been doing with their lives since being on the show. For one "Biggest Loser" couple, season nine's Sam Poueu and Stephanie Anderson, their relationship comes full circle when Sam proposes to Stephanie at the "Biggest Loser" ranch where their romance first began. And "The Biggest Loser" love stories continue with season five favorite Bernie Salazar tying the knot in Lake Tahoe with Jennifer, the cousin of his "Biggest Loser" teammate, Brittany Aberle!
Viewers will see just how far many of them have come when fifty past season contestants – including season seven finalist Tara Costa — come together to participate in the San Francisco triathlon and 5K and 10K races at Treasure Island. And the special will catch up with season two's "at home" winner Pete Thomas, season nine's Sherry Johnston and season five winner Ali Vincent at the first ever "Biggest Loser" 5K in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. This was the first of many "Biggest Loser" event challenges that will be taking place around the country to inspire people of all fitness levels to get moving, powered by the slogan "Don't compete…just complete!"
Popular season seven player Sione Fa will travel with his father to Tonga to meet with the royal family and motivate people on the island to get healthy. And viewers will catch up with season eight's beloved contestant Abby Rike, who continues to inspire others with her unforgettable story of triumph over tragedy, and with season six favorite Kristin Steede, who recently fulfilled her dream to have a baby after losing weight on the show. Plus, several past season winners will reunite for a very special Thanksgiving dinner prepared by popular chef Curtis Stone.
The dream of "paying it forward' has also become a reality for many past season contestants. The special will follow season nine's O'Neal Hampton as he starts his own fitness camp in Minnesota, as well as season seven's father-son team Ron and Mike Morelli – and Mike's brother Max – as they launch a kids' fitness program. Viewers will also see season five brothers Mark and Jay Kruger supporting a charitable organization that provides sports equipment to disadvantaged youth so they can live a healthier lifestyle.
Two people once considered among the sickest contestants on the show – season six player Jerry Skeabeck and season eight's Tracy Yukich – will share how they are doing today, as will season eight's fan favorite Coach Mo. And season two winner Matt Hoover, who continues to take on considerable physical challenges, will be seen competing in an intense Ironman event in Florida.
The experience of "The Biggest Loser" has also motivated many contestants to pursue new careers, including season four finalist Hollie Self, who went from being a contestant to working her way up to a producer on "The Biggest Loser," and season six couple Amy and Phil Parham, who recently became authors. Those stories and more make "The Biggest Loser: Where Are They Now?" an unforgettable special that viewers won't want to miss.
An encore presentation of the special will air Tuesday, December 28 (8-10 p.m. ET).
"The Biggest Loser" is a production of Reveille LLC, 25/7 Productions and 3Ball Productions. Ben Silverman (NBC's "The Office," "Ugly Betty"), Dave Broome ("A Model Life with Petra Nemcova," "Tsunami Aid: A Concert of Hope"), JD Roth ("Age of Love," "Beauty and the Geek"), Todd A. Nelson ("Unan1mous," "Beauty and the Geek"), Howard T. Owens ("MasterChef," "The Buried Life") and Todd Lubin ("30 Days," "Nashville Star") serve as executive producers.