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Write speed test results for each of the digital SLR models actively being tested, as well as card-to-computer transfer rates, can be accessed from the popup menu above.
Defining performance
A memory card is a critical component in the professional photographer's digital system. After all, it's the thing that holds the pictures. We hope that the CF/SD/XQD Performance Database will, first and foremost, enable you to determine which cards offer the speed your workflow requires. But we encourage you to look at card performance holistically. While speed is important, so is the warranty, tech support and reputation of the company whose name is on the label.
Though you may have come to this database to see how CompactFlash, SD/SDHC/SDXC and XQD cards perform in your camera, we think it's equally important these days to consider card-to-computer transfer rates. That's because in our own workflow, the time it takes for photos to transfer to the computer is often a bigger bottleneck that in-camera write speed. As both cards and card readers get faster, we expect that card-to-computer transfer speed will become even more significant a factor in the card selection process.
An introduction to CompactFlash and SD/SDHC/SDXC technology
There are two sizes of CompactFlash. They vary in their thickness. CompactFlash Type I (CF I) cards are 3.3mm thick; CompactFlash Type II (CF II) cards are 5.0mm thick.
CompactFlash Type II (left); CompactFlash Type I (right)
All of the CompactFlash-capable cameras in the database accept CF I, while a handful also accept CF II.
SD is short for Secure Digital, and there are three variants of it on the market: SD, SDHC and SDXC. The differences between the three are on the inside, as they are the identical physical size and have a similar connector arrangement. SD cards are limited to a maximum capacity of 2GB (there are a handful of 4GB SD cards out there, but they don't work in all cameras and card readers), while SDHC cards top out at 32GB. SDXC allows for higher capacity memory cards in this form factor. XQD is a new memory card format that entered the market in the first quarter of 2012.
Though there are a myriad of brands on the market, most larger-capacity CompactFlash and SD/SDHC/SDXC flash memory cards contain controllers from SanDisk, Lexar and a number of lesser known electronics companies: Hyperstone, KTC, Skymedi and SMI, to name a few.
Flash memory cards contain, in addition to a controller, several flash memory chips. Toshiba, SanDisk, Micron and Samsung are among the biggest flash memory chip suppliers (Toshiba and SanDisk are also partners in the manufacture of flash memory). Almost all the companies included in the database purchase flash from one or more of these companies (or use their own if they're an industry heavyweight like SanDisk), for inclusion in their products. The controller and the flash memory together determine the raw performance of the card.
To give you an idea of the number of players involved in the flash memory market, here are several excerpts from Lexar's 10-K filing on March 16, 2006 for the 2005 fiscal year:
[Excerpt 1] We compete with semiconductor companies that manufacture and sell flash memory chips or flash memory cards. These include Hynix, Infineon, Micron, Renesas, Samsung, SanDisk, ST Micro and Toshiba. Micron and Intel have recently formed a joint venture known as Intel Micron Flash Technologies. SanDisk and Toshiba jointly develop and manufacture both low-cost and high-performance flash memory through their Flash Vision joint venture.
[Excerpt 2] We also face significant competition from manufacturers or card assemblers and resellers that either resell flash cards purchased from others or assemble cards from controllers and flash memory chips purchased from companies such as Renesas, Samsung or Toshiba, into flash cards. These companies include Crucial, Dane-Elec, Delkin Devices, Feiya, Fuji, Hagiwara, Hama, Hewlett Packard, Data I/O, Infineon, Kingston, Kodak, M-Systems, Matsushita, Memorex, Memory Plus, Micron, PNY, PQI, Pretec, Ritek, Samsung, SanDisk, Silicon Storage Technology, SimpleTech, SMART Modular Technologies, Sony, TDK, Transcend, Viking InterWorks and many others.
[Excerpt 3] In addition, an increasing number of companies are manufacturing their own controllers, including Genesys, Hyperstone, Prolific, SanDisk, Sigmatel, Silicon Storage Technology, SMI, Solid State System, Sony and Zoran. Such companies either combine their controllers with flash memory from third parties to manufacture their own flash cards or sell their controllers to third parties who use them to assemble flash cards. Additionally, major semiconductor companies such as Infineon, Micron, Renesas, Samsung and Toshiba have also developed or are currently developing their own controllers that will likely compete with our controller and/or card sales.
[Excerpt 4] We also face competition from some manufacturers of traditional film products. Kodak and Fuji are the largest and best-known manufacturers of traditional film products. Fuji has entered the flash card market, but does not yet manufacture its own flash cards. In 2004, we entered into an agreement with Kodak to sell flash cards under the Kodak brand on a worldwide basis.
[Excerpt 5] Several companies, such as Cornice, IBM, and Matrix Semiconductor, which was acquired by SanDisk in 2005, have introduced competing technologies for use in digital cameras. These include products such as Digital Capture Technology and the MicroDrive.
Technical background
If a CompactFlash card is designed to hold data, then it's either a miniature hard drive or flash memory inside. Miniature hard drive cards have been around for a long time, at least in computer years: early digital field photographers (i.e.: those who were shooting digital in the early 90�s) will remember the 85MB Maxtor PC Card hard drive as being THE card to get. Miniature hard drives operate much like their larger counterparts: to write a photo, a tiny arm swings over a rotating platter, encoding small areas on the platter with zeros and ones as it goes. Today, hard drive-based cards, including the Hitachi Microdrive and Seagate's Photo Hard Drive, have mostly faded from the shelves of pro photo retailers and have long been surpassed in capacity, performance and price/GB by flash memory-based CompactFlash. There are no SD/SDHC/SDXC or XQD hard drive cards.
Memory cards work on an entirely different principle. Zeros and ones are stored in memory cells, instead of on a rotating platter. This kind of memory is similar to computer RAM. There is a key difference, however, between computer RAM and the memory chips used in digital camera cards: digital camera cards contain non-volatile RAM. That means photos aren't purged when the card is removed from the camera. Instead, memory cells remember if they contain zeros or ones until told otherwise.
This type of memory is called flash memory. Flash memory cards contain memory, obviously. The greater the number of memory chips, and the more densely packed each memory chip, the greater the capacity of the card. Card capacities have been increasing as flash memory manufacturers have devised new ways to shrink memory chips. As of early 2012, 64GB and even 128GB CompactFlash and SDXC cards are readily available, while a 256GB CompactFlash card has been announced.
Both flash memory and rotating hard drive cards contain a controller. The controller determines how data is to be written to and read from the memory on the card. Whether a flash memory card or a card like the Hitachi Microdrive will be speedy or not with a given camera is determined as much as anything by the controller architecture. A card that is fastest with one camera isn't necessarily fastest with another, because of how the controller interacts with and exchanges data with the camera. The write speed test results are a testament to this.
The flash memory itself determines the maximum speed of flash memory cards, since no matter how efficient the camera-controller communication, data can't be transferred to the card any faster than the flash memory is capable of receiving it. Part of the price premium charged for certain fast flash memory cards reflects the extra cost of using the fastest available memory.
Similarly, the maximum speed of a rotating hard drive card is limited to how fast its head can drop data into tracks as it spins.
As is probably already apparent, flash memory cards contain no moving parts. This makes them extremely durable. I unintentionally proved this point years ago, when I accidentally dropped a Lexar Media 160MB card from my shirt pocket onto a cement driveway a full story below. The card was fine and I lost no photos. The Internet is also filled with stories of photographers accidentally running their flash memory cards through the washing machine and, after the cards were left to dry, discovering that they'd lost no pictures.
The durability of flash memory cards makes them an excellent choice for news and sports photography in particular, because they are the most likely to survive the bumps and bruises they will receive during their life.
Individual flash memory cells have a limited lifespan. That's the bad news. The good news is that their lifespan is usually measured in the many, many thousands of erase/write cycles, and that card controllers utilize an algorithm that balances the wear across the entire card's cells. CompactFlash and SD/SDHC/SDXC cards are designed to automatically and
transparently map out memory cells that go bad, or in some cases when
they reach a predefined limit.
The speediest memory cards generally use single level cell (SLC) memory (SanDisk calls this binary-type memory). This type of flash memory also offers the highest number of erase/write cycles. The alternative is multi level cell (MLC) memory, which is slower and less expensive per MB than SLC, which in turn translates into lower-priced cards, but also a lower erase/write cycle specification. In recent times, controller improvements have meant that even some high-performance memory cards use MLC.
Regardless of whether a card contains SLC or MLC memory, it's designed to keep on working even after a few cells have expired, and even a busy photographer's flash memory card won't start
turning off a significant number of memory cells until after many years
of service.
Cameras don't write their stream of zeros and ones randomly. All digital SLR and compact cameras we've tested use the FAT file system as the basis for placing photos on a card and keeping track of the location of those photos. This means the cards themselves have to be FAT-formatted, regardless of whether they have a hard drive or flash memory inside. CompactFlash cards with capacities over 2GB must be formatted FAT32, a flavour of the FAT file system that is not widely supported in older digital cameras (though camera models introduced from roughly 2003 onwards should be FAT32-capable). 64GB and higher SDXC cards use exFAT, another FAT file system variant; while some several-year-old cameras will accept SDXC, they re-format them as FAT32 and are therefore officially not SDXC-compatible.
Testing notes
Prior to testing, each card is overwritten with zeros (a technique often called securing erasing), then reformatted in the camera, to ensure that corrupt formatting doesn't impact test results. Results are spot-checked with the cards "dirty" (filled with images, then in-camera formatted only), to ensure that write speed doesn't drop appreciably with any one card. Several years ago, a dirty or partially-filled card would often be much slower than one that had been secure erased and reformatted just prior to use. That's rarely true anymore.
The cameras are configured with default image processing settings (well, not necessarily the manufacturer's defaults, but ones that we've determined to be sensible for a given SLR), at ISO 800. The same test target, illuminated by the same light source, is photographed for all tests. All testing is done with fresh batteries. Results are averaged from three cycles each of the selected file format.
More information on testing procedures is found on the individual camera and other testing pages.
How can I be sure the card I buy is the same as tested in this database?
This is an important question, since the companies whose products are featured in this database are free to change the components in their memory cards at any time. Outfits that source cards from another manufacturer may change manufacturers several times a year, or even draw from several manufacturers simultaneously. And unless the model name or some obvious identifying feature of the card changes too, it can be difficult to know whether the card you select is substantially similar to the card tested here.
Fortunately, some CompactFlash and SD/SDHC/SDXC makers place a unique identifier on the card - a card series number, for instance - that is a reliable descriptor of the key components in the card, as long as you know how to interpret the identifier. Unfortunately, not all companies incorporate a unique identifier, including some that should, so matching a card in your hand to one in this database with 100% certainty won't be possible with some brands.
Here are some tips to help you determine if what you're buying is comparable to what we tested.
Look at the edge stamp Lexar, SanDisk and others stamp or engrave a series number onto the edge of the card. The photo below shows the edge stamp from an older Lexar CompactFlash card.
Edge stamp
Look at the label Some companies attach a label to the card that contains the series number, or print it right on the main label.
Look at the internal information
If you have a Mac laptop with a PC Card or ExpressCard slot, you can easily take a peek at some of a CompactFlash card's internal information. The operating system will show two fields of data (as shown above) when the CompactFlash card is in an adapter inside the computer and you click on the adapter's icon in the menu bar. Similarly, part of this information can be viewed in the Info window of Disk Utility, if the CompactFlash card is in a FireWire card reader.
If you have a Windows laptop you can do much the same: with a CompactFlash card in a PC Card adapter inside the computer's PC Card slot, right-click on the card's drive letter (or any drive letter in fact), click on the CompactFlash card name and then choose Properties. You'll see some information there, but there's more a few mouse clicks further: click the the Properties button, followed by the Details tab, then choose, in turn, Friendly name and Parent from the Property popup menu. (This may also work with ExpressCard adapters in compatible Windows laptops, but we haven't tried this yet.)
With any type of reader, you will also see some identifying information for CompactFlash in the file
setupapi.log in the WINDOWS directory on the C: drive of a typical Windows XP installation. Here's an example
setupapi.log entry for a CompactFlash card that uses Toshiba components:
#I124 Doing copy-only install of "USBSTOR\DISK&VEN_TOSHIBA&PROD_THNCF1G02CA&REV_3.00\1B03010305F416A9&0".
And finally, if you're paying attention when a CompactFlash card is being used on a given Windows XP or Vista system for the first time, you may see identifying information appear briefly in the configuration balloon.
If decoding card identifiers sounds like too much work, we agree. Until such time as all card manufacturers make it easier to identify what's inside the card, this sort of detective work will at times be a necessity.
Note that none of the above works to ferret out internal identifying information from an SD/SDHC/SDXC or XQD card. We don't know of a way to view meaningful internal data with this card type.
Beware of counterfeit cards Knockoff flash memory - CompactFlash and SD/SDHC/SDXC cards that appear to be from a major player (SanDisk is the brand that seems to be most widely counterfeited), but are actually knockoffs with labeling and packaging that closely mimics if not matches the real thing - is widely available on the Web these days.
If the deal seems too good to be true it probably is. We strongly recommend that you buy from a reputable retailer to minimize your chances of getting stuck with a fake, one that probably won't have the performance, reliability, compatibility or even the capacity of the brand and model you thought you were buying.
CF/SD Performance Database testing assisted by Megan Somerville.


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|Laguna Beach, Calif.
|High School:
|Laguna Beach
|House Affiliation:
Career Highs
Goals: 5 vs. Mercyhurst (4/13/13)
Assists: 4 (3x) last at Pacific (3/19/13)
Steals: 4 (4x) last at Brown (4/13/13)
2013 Freshman
Earned CWPA Southern Division second-team honors ... Named team Rookie of the Year ... Finished the year with 61 goals, 42 assists and 54 steals ... Recorded a hat trick, four assists and four steals in her college debut against Iona (Feb. 2) ... Notched three goals, three assists and four steals versus Villanova (Feb. 2) ... Tallied three scores, three helpers and a theft against CAMO (Feb. 2) ... Named CWPA Southern Division Rookie of the Week (Feb. 4) ... Tallied two goals, one assist and two steals against Princeton (Feb. 9) ... Netted three goals and dished out two assists in a win against NYAC (Feb. 10) ... Established a new career-high with four goals, to go with two steals and one assist, versus Villanova (Feb. 10) ... Had three goals and two assists in a contest against Wagner (Feb. 23) ... Registered two goals, two assists and a steal versus Iona (Feb. 23) ... Put in three goals and also recorded one assist and one steal in a victory over Villanova (Feb. 24) ... Contributed two goals and a steal against Siena (Feb. 24) ... Stole the ball twice versus Mercyhurst (March 2) ... Had four goals and four assists against Bucknell (March 2) ... Tallied two goals, one assist and three steals against Gannon (March 2) ... Found the back of the net four times and had three takeaways against Santa Clara (March 17) ... Had a goal, an assist and two steals versus Occidental (March 17) ... Scored, handed out an assist and stole the ball against Fresno Pacific (March 18) ... Scored twice at UC Davis (March 18) ... Matched her career-high with four helpers and also scored and stole the ball at Pacific (March 19) ... Finished with a score, an assist and two steals against No. 10 San Jose State (March 21) ... Dished out an assist at No. 2 Stanford (March 22) ... Recorded a goal and an assist at No. 5 Cal (March 23) ... Posted two goals, one assist and one steal in a matchup with Brown (April 3) ... Snagged two steals against Princeton (April 6) ... Credited with one steal versus Cal State Bakersfield (April 7) ... Recorded one steal in a contest against Arizona State (April 7) ... Recorded a career-high five goals while also posting three assists and four steals in a win versus Mercyhurst (April 13) … Grabbed a team-best four steals while also registering one goal and one assist against Brown (April 13) … Notched two goals, one assist and two steals in a victory over George Washington (April 14) ... Earned second CWPA Southern Division Rookie of the Week (April 15) ... Notched three goals, one steal and three assists in a winning effort over Notre Dame (Ohio) (April 26) … Tallied one goal, one assist and two steals against Hartwick (April 26) … Recorded one goal, one assist and one steal in a win against George Washington (April 27) … Scored one goal versus Brown (April 28).
Before Harvard
Played water polo and saw for four years at Laguna Beach High School ... Captained the water polo and swimming teams as a senior ... Led the water polo team in goals (106), assists (45) and steals (53) as a senior ... Directed her Laguna Beach High School team to league championships in 2009-12 ... Team earned the CIF Division 2 championship in 2009 ... First team all-league choice as a junior and senior and a second team pick as a sophomore ... Voted the league's MVP in 2012 ... First team All-CIF selection as a senior and second team choice as a sophomore and junior ... Honored as first team All-Orange County in 2012 ... named to the all-tournament teams at the Santa Barbara Tournament and the high school championships ... Earned club water polo All-American honors in 2009-10 ... Member of the Junior and Youth National Teams that placed second at the Jr. Pan-American Games in 2008-09 (Brazil) and 2010-12 (Miami, Fla.), respectively ... Her club team won titles at the California Cup 16U in 2010 and the Junior Olympics 18U in 2011 ... President of the Pink Ribbon Club ... Member of the Rotary Club International and Buddy Club ... Earned the Academic Award for Creativity in Ceramics in 2010-11 ... Named MVP at the 2012 UANA Junior Pan American Championships in Montreal, Canada ... Gave swimming lessons to children.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Nobody cares, work harder. Wall Tapestry
Nobody cares, work harder. Wall Tapestry
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BEIJING(AP) Four years ago, American officials had a goal of 100 medals - and U.S. athletes exceeded it.
No bold predictions this time around. Peter Ueberroth is even using the U-word.
``We're not used to being an underdog,'' said Ueberroth, chairman of the U.S. Olympic Committee.
USOC officials are trying to manage expectations as the Americans prepare to face a formidable Chinese team that is an emerging Olympic power. China won 32 gold medals in 2004, four fewer than the U.S.
Months before the Athens Games, USOC chief executive Jim Scherr set a goal of 100 total medals for the Americans. The U.S. reached that goal, but the outlook is a lot more modest this year.
``There is no such number,'' said Steve Roush, chief of sport performance for the USOC. ``Four years is a long time between Athens and Beijing. ... As Peter alluded to, the Chinese have become much stronger than in 2004.''
The hosts have downplayed their chances, but Ueberroth said two years ago that China should be favored to win the most medals overall and the most gold at the Beijing Olympics. On Wednesday, Roush brought another country into the discussion.
``We really look at this as a three-country race with China leading the way between Russia, the U.S. and China. It's going to be a matter of what happens every day of the games.''
The race begins Saturday. China's Du Li will try to defend her title in the 10-meter air rifle, while some of the top American fencers compete in the women's saber tournament.
``We have a strong team here as well,'' Scherr said, as if anyone had forgotten. ``We make no predictions on whether we'll be first or second or third in the medal count.''
OPENING CEREMONY: Rain or shine, the opening ceremony will go on.
Light showers are a possibility for the opening ceremony. However, the man heading the 3-1/2 spectacular says he's prepared.
``In the entire process of preparing the opening ceremony we have paid close attention to the possibility of rain,'' said Zhang Heping, director of the opening and closing ceremonies. ``Also, we have made very many contingency plans to deal with that possibility. If there is drizzle, that won't have any major impact on the opening ceremony. If it is heavier we may curtail some of the performances, we might reduce some of the aerial performances.''
Asked about the identity of the final torchbearer, Zhang offered little.
``This will always be the most secretive part and this will be revealed to the world only at the last moment.'' Zhang said.
Basketball star Yao Ming is most often mentioned as the likely candidates, as is defending Olympic champion Liu Xiang.
MEDIA FREEDOMS: Broadcasters have been battling for months with Chinese authorities over the freedom of TV crews to move around Beijing and report live. They have also attempted to restrict where satellite trucks can go, and who can be interviewed.
The issue remains unsettled with the games just hours away.
Beijing municipal officials offered a directive the other day, saying reporters need to submit a request 24 hours beforehand if they want to do interviews on Tiananmen Square. Chinese officials are trying to keep reporters off Tiananmen, which was the site of the 1989 crackdown on pro-democracy demonstrators.
``First of all, during the Olympic Games, Tiananmen Square will hold major cultural events and a lot of crowds will be there to watch the performances,'' said Sun Weide, spokesman for the Beijing organizing committee. ``You have also noticed there are a lot of flowers there. If the foreign journalists need to go there to cover we want them to call beforehand to make reservations.''
Several weeks ago, games organizers promised rights-holding broadcasters like NBC six hours of live coverage daily on Tiananmen. However, live interviews are not allowed. Several right-holding broadcasters this week confirmed they have had to cancel transmissions from Tiananmen.
Chinese officials guaranteed free press coverage seven years ago in the winning the bid. Since then they have backtracked on TV freedoms and open Internet access. Chinese officials have unblocked some Internet sites this week for foreign journalists working at the main press center. However, many sites the Chinese government does not like remain censored.
FLAG FOR NOWITZKI: Dirk Nowitzki will carry the German flag at the opening ceremony. The 30-year-old Dallas Mavericks star leads Germany's basketball team, which qualified for the games after missing out the past two times.
``It has for years been a dream for Dirk Nowitzki to be at the Olympics,'' senior German Olympic official Michael Vesper said in a statement. He said the star offers ``a great example for young sportspeople.''
MEXICAN DARLING: The youngest member of Mexico's diving team doesn't have the pressure of his older teammates to win a medal in Beijing. He can just relax and have some fun.
At 16, German Sanchez is the Mexican team little darling. He qualified for the Olympics in February when he was just 15.
``I don't have any pressure (to win), I came to enjoy this and learn from the opportunity to be in the Games,'' said Sanchez on Wednesday after a practice at the Water Cube.
His older teammates Paola Espinosa and Rommel Pacheco are two of the top-medal contenders from Mexico.
Sanchez will compete in the 10 meter platform.
``We have a good diving team, but my teammates will have to do their best to get their medals,'' chuckled Sanchez.
TV BAN: An Australian television channel was banned from official Olympic areas for a week by the IOC for breaking the rules of non-rights holders at the Beijing Games.
Channel Nine went into the swimming venue with TV equipment, which is prohibited by the International Olympic Committee. The network, which did not air any footage taken in the venue, will still be able to interview athletes as long as they are outside official areas.
The ban will end next Wednesday night.
``The IOC has taken action against what was, in our view, a serious breach of the news access rules,'' IOC spokeswoman Giselle Davies said.
Channel 7 is the official broadcaster for Australia, and that network complained to the IOC about the breach.
``They apologized to Channel 7, and they gave assurances that such breaches would not occur again,'' Davies said. ``However, as you may remember, a similar venue breach incident was also committed by a Nine network in Athens.''
LONELY RIDE FOR CANCELLARA: Swiss time-trial world champion Fabian Cancellara will have to ride the cycling road race on his own after his only teammate's Olympics came to a sudden end.
Michael Albasini fell during training in Beijing and suffered multiple fractures of his left collarbone, the Swiss Olympic team announced.
Albasini, 27, was to be flown back to Switzerland for an operation, the Olympic committee said. It said it would not name a replacement because there was not time for a rider to acclimatize before Saturday's race.
Cancellara is scheduled to compete in the road race on the first day of Olympic competition, but he is expected to be a bigger challenger in the individual time-trial on Wednesday.
RONALDHINO SUPPORT: - The Brazilian women's team failed to win its Olympic debut Wednesday despite the support of Ronaldinho and his teammates.
The men's team finished practice early just to be able to attend the women's match against Germany at Shenyang Olympic Stadium, which finished in a 0-0 draw.
Ronaldinho and the rest of the squad arrived just after kickoff and stayed until a couple of minutes before the match ended.
The men's team will debut against Belgium on Thursday.
Neither the men's or the women's team have won the Olympic gold in football. The men's team won the silver medal twice, in 1984 in Los Angeles and 1988 in Seoul. It won the bronze in 1996 in Atlanta. The women's squad lost the Athens Games final to the United States four years ago, and finished fourth in Atlanta in 1996 and in Sydney in 2000.


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21.63mm x 14.31mm / 0.852in. x 0.563in.
Style #6917
mpn: 10691704000
2017 Graduation Cap Large Charm
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14K Gold $222.00
Engraving for Item {{$index + 1}} (Remove)
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text:
Simulation Leader Directory
This is a directory of individuals who have completed the Leadership Program for Simulation Educators, a year-long NLN program directed by Dr. Pamela Jeffries. Twenty individuals per year are accepted into this highly competitive program. This directory identifies their specific areas of simulation expertise and scholarship along with contact information. They are available for collaboration and consultation.
More information about the Leadership Program for Simulation Educators can be found at http://www.nln.org/facultyprograms/leadershipinstitute.htm
Special | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | ALL
Wang, J. Cedar
Weaver, Amy
Winters, Susan
Wong, Lorrie


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Michel Rolle
Born: 21 April 1652 in Ambert, Basse-Auvergne, France
Died: 8 November 1719 in Paris, France
|Main Index
|Biographies index
Michel Rolle's father was a shopkeeper. Michel had little formal education being largely self-educated after receiving some elementary schooling. He worked as a transcriber for a notary and then as an assistant to several attorneys in the district around his home town of Ambert. In 1675, probably seeking a better life, he went to Paris where he worked as a scribe and arithmetical expert. However, quite soon after he arrived in Paris he married and children quickly followed. His income was not sufficient to support his growing family but he had been studying higher mathematics on his own and it was the skill that he had developed in this discipline which provided the breakthrough.
In 1682 he achieved a certain fame by solving a problem which had been publicly posed by Jacques Ozanam. Jean-Baptiste Colbert, the controller general of finance and secretary of state for the navy under King Louis XIV of France, rewarded Rolle for this achievement. Colbert arranged a pension for Rolle which started him on the road to financial security, but there were other equally important consequences [6]:-
Of equal importance with the financial benefits to which Rolle's prize led, was the fact that it brought him to the notice of Louvois who happened to be looking for someone to teach mathematics to one of his sons. Rolle was hired by Louvois, who came to be greatly impressed by his pedagogic and mathematical skills. From 1783 onwards Louvois was in a position to confer further scientific patronage on his protégé and did so when he made Rolle a member of the Académie in 1685.The problem which Rolle solved was posed in the Journal des sçavans on 31 August 1682 by Jacques Ozanam; it was the following:
Find four numbers the difference of any two being a perfect square, in addition the sum of the first three numbers being a perfect square.Ozanam stated that the smallest of the four numbers with these properties would have at least 50 digits, but Rolle found four numbers satisfying the conditions with each number having seven digits. He made his solution known through publishing it in the Journal des sçavans. Louvois, who is referred to in the above quote, was François Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, the French Secretary of State for War. He employed Rolle to tutor his fourth son, Camille le Tellier (1675-1718). The Marquis de Louvois arranged for Rolle to have an administrative post in the Ministry of War, but Rolle disliked the work and soon resigned. Rolle was elected to the Académie Royale des Sciences in 1685 and the impressive mathematical work he produced following his election fully justified the Marquis de Louvois' faith in him.
Before going on to discuss the interesting mathematical contributions Rolle made, let us give a couple of further facts about his life. He became a Pensionnaire Géometre of the Académie des Sciences in 1699. In 1708 Rolle suffered a stroke. He recovered his health fairly well but his mental capacity was diminished and he made no further mathematical contributions after this stroke. He survived for eleven years after this first stroke but in 1719 he suffered a second stroke which proved fatal.
Let us now look at Rolle's important mathematical contributions. He worked on Diophantine analysis, algebra (using methods of Claude Gaspar Bachet de Méziriac involving the use of the Euclidean algorithm) and, to a lesser extent, on geometry. He published his most important work Traité d'algèbre in 1690 on the theory of equations. In this treatise, he invented the notation n√x for the nth root of x and, as a consequence, it became the standard notation; it is used today. In Traité d'algèbre Rolle used the Euclidean algorithm to find the greatest common divisor of two polynomials. He also used it to solve Diophantine linear equations. Perhaps the most significant part of the work, however, is where he introduces the notion of 'cascades'. Let us see how this idea worked: If P(x) = 0 is a given polynomial equation with real roots a and b then he constructs a polynomial P'(x), which he called the 'first cascade,' so that P'(b) = (b - a)Q(b) where Q(x) is a polynomial of lower degree. Of course in our terminology P'(x) is the first derivative of P(x). Rolle then constructs the 'second cascade' which is the second derivative, and continues in this fashion. Between any two consecutive roots of P(x) there is a root of P'(x), between any two consecutive roots of P'(x) there is a root of P''(x), etc. His method is to start with a given polynomial, make a linear transformation to obtain a polynomial all of whose roots are positive (he never proves that his transformation always works but it does), then to continue to construct the cascade of polynomials until a linear polynomial is reached. One can then move back up the cascade, finding approximately the roots of each polynomial. Julius Shain writes:-
The method of cascades has an important historical significance. Some basic principles of the calculus and the theory of equations can definitely be traced to their origin as incidental propositions of the method. It amplified the concepts of limits of roots of equations, provided the fundamentals from which Maclaurin derived his formula, began modern methods of series for determining roots, and discussed the relationship of imaginary roots in equations and their derivatives. Rolle's theorem, an important proposition of the calculus, also owes its origin to the method.In fact Rolle is best remembered for 'Rolle's Theorem' which was published in Démonstration d'une Méthode pour resoudre les Egalitez de tous les degrez in 1691. This work was written to provide proofs of certain methods (in particular the method of cascades) which he gave without justification in Traité d'algèbre. His proofs were based on methods introduced by Johann van Waveren Hudde. The familiar Rolle's Theorem states:
If f (a) = f (b) = 0 then f '(x) = 0 for some x with a ≤ x ≤ b.The name 'Rolle's Theorem' was given to this basic result by Giusto Bellavitis in 1846. In his 1691 work Rolle adopted the notion that if a > b then -b > -a. It seems strange today to realise that this was not the current practice at the time but was in opposition to the ordering of the real numbers used by Descartes and others. Other notation Rolle used in his 1691 work was the equals sign '=.' This notation was not invented by Rolle, rather it was invented by Robert Recorde, but Descartes had used a different notation and the sign = was not in common use. Rolle published another important work on solutions of indeterminate equations in 1699, Méthode pour résoudre les équations indéterminées de l'algèbre.
It might be assumed from what we have just written about Rolle's work that he was developing the infinitesimal calculus. This would be a serious error, for Rolle described the infinitesimal calculus as a collection of ingenious fallacies and he believed that the methods could lead to errors. He begins his memoir Du nouveau systême de l'infini (1703) as follows (see for example [4]):-
Geometry has always been considered as an exact science, and indeed as the source of the exactness which is widespread among other parts of mathematics. Among its principles one could only find true axioms and all the theorems and problems posed were either soundly demonstrated or capable of sound demonstration. And if any false or uncertain propositions were slipped into it they would immediately be banned from this science. But it seems that this feature of exactness doe not reign anymore in geometry since the new system of infinitely small quantities has been mixed to it. I do not see that this system has produced anything for the truth and it would seem to me that it often conceals mistakes.Now we should note that this memoir, although only published by the Academy of Sciences in 1703, actually contained material which had been used in the early stages of a vigorous debate which took place in the Academy of Sciences in 1700-01. This vigorous disagreement was between Rolle and Pierre Varignon and it ended in uproar (some say that Rolle's lack of breeding showed in his bad behaviour). The Academy set up a commission to decide which of the two mathematicians was correct but it failed to come to a definite conclusion. Michel Blay [2] writes:-
This opposition, extremely active from 1700 on, was led by Michel Rolle. The burden of his critique rested on two arguments, one stressing the inadequacy and the lack of logical rigour of the fundamental concepts and principles of the new calculus, the other pretending to show (with the aid of cleverly selected examples) that the new calculus led to error, insofar as it did not yield the same results obtained in the classical, algebraically inspired methods of Fermat and, more especially, Hudde.In particular Rolle suggested that there were difficulties associated with the following axiom given by de l'Hôpital in Analyse des infiniment petits pour l'intelligence des lignes courbes (1696):
Grant that two quantities whose difference is an infinitely small quantity may be taken (or used) indifferently for each other; or (which is the same thing) that a quantity which is increased or decreased only by an infinitesimally small quantity may be considered as remaining the same.For example, Rolle addressed the Academy on 12 March and 16 March 1701. He asked his audience to consider the curve
y - b = (x2 - 2ax + a2 - b2)(2/3)/a(1/3).He then applied the new method of the infinitesimally small and found that
dy = 4(x - a)dx/3(ax2 - 2a2x + a3 - ab2)(1/3)so that this method showed that the curve has a turning point at x = a. Rolle then applied Hudde's method to show that the curve has turning points at three points, x = a, x = a - b and x = a + b. This is a cleverly constructed example, but Varignon was able to see the subtle error in Rolle's analysis. He later replied [2]:-
One will obtain first x = a by setting dy = 0; and second, x = a - b or x = a + b by making dy infinite in relation to dx or dx = 0. When one sees that if the desired curve has some maximum or minimum that meets a tangent parallel to the [x-axis], this can only be at the extremity of x = a; and that if it has one that meets ... [tangents] perpendicular to this axis, this can only be at the extremity of x = a - b and of x = a + b.After the Academy decided that no further discussion of this topic was take place, Rolle continued the argument in the pages of the Journal des sçavans opposed by Joseph Saurin. To his eternal credit, Rolle eventually conceded that he was wrong. He acknowledged this to Varignon, Fontenelle and Malebranche. Jean Itard ends his article [1] with the following assessment:-
Rolle was a skillful algebraist who broke with Cartesian techniques; and his opposition to infinitesimal methods, in the final analysis, was beneficial.
Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Click on this link to see a list of the Glossary entries for this page
List of References (12 books/articles)
Mathematicians born in the same country
Cross-references in MacTutor
- History Topics: Bourbaki: the post-war years
- Chronology: 1675 to 1700
Other Web sites
- Dictionary of Scientific Biography
- The Galileo Project
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joanna n necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 77 diseños de 25 diseñadores freelance.
Malvern Maids is a company that gets up-market houses ready for sale. Cleaning, styling and preparing at the beginning of the sales campaign and before each open for inspection
malvern maids
malvern maids is a new company that has been created to help people who are selling their house make it as presentable as possible for the sale. The company does a thorough clean, arranges tradesman, furniture, gardeners, and stylist before the house goes on the market. There is then a quick "pre inspection" clean up to make sure the house looks it's best for every inspection during the sales campaign.
the company is owned and run by a group of " malvern mums". Malvern is a beautiful leafy prestigious suburb in Melbourne Australia. the average house sells for between 1.5 and 3 miilion dollars.
we need a logo designed that reflects the style and refinment of the area, but with an appropriate modern interpretation
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- cliches
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Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Five engineering mechanics and astronautics seniors have earned third prize in the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Foundation annual Undergraduate Team Space Transportation Design Competition. The 2012–2013 competition asked teams to design a reusable launch vehicle with between 10,000- and 20,000-pound low-earth-orbit payload capability.
The UW-Madison group, Team Euclidean SpaceTec, designed the Zenith Orbiter and Condor Launch System. The system delivers its payload into low-earth orbit through the Condor, a fully autonomous returnable fixed-wing flight propulsion system that is connected through a mechanically retractable attachment module to the Zenith Orbiter. Controlled by an unmanned aerial vehicle, the Zenith Orbiter is similar to the original 1970s U.S. Space Shuttle and contains the "deliverable" object–for example, a satellite, equipment for the International Space Station, or passengers. Overall, the system is 98 percent reusable.
The team, which received a $500 award, included Reid Carlson, Matt Dhennin, Brent McCarthy, Alex Schwartz and Steve Wishau.
Renee Meiller


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Pikmin 2
Nintendo Direct: 3DS XL hits EU July 28, US August 19
Nintendo of America and Europe opened their Direct presentations with key news – the 3DS XL is officially on its way to both territories during northern summer.
Pikmin 2 headlines
Pikmin 2 Wii to land in the US on June 10
Confirming recent speculation, Nintendo of America's announced the Wii version of Pikmin 2 and Mario Power Tennis will come to the US on June 10 for $19.99. The New Play Control version of P2 has been out for a bit, so the release of it in the US is likely to come just after its […]
Pikmin 2 to finally receive Wii release in North America this June
New Play Control! Pikmin 2 is finally set to release in North America later this year according to the latest issue of Nintendo Power.
Lewie's Weekly Deals: RDR, Mario Anniversary, ACII, loads more
Big gaming news today: Some games are cheap. True story. Forget about that other game which just came out, and save money on some older games. Remember to regularly check SavyGamer.co.uk for all the gaming discount related news you could ever need. Check after the break for this week's selection.
Pikmin 2 for Wii - 162 screens
CVG's posted 162 new Wii screens of Pikmin 2. You may as well look as them: it's dry as a bone today. It's out on Friday.
Pikmin 2 Wii-make - first footage
There's a video of the upcoming Play Control! Wii version of Pikmin 2 after the break. It looks really great, to be honest, although that may be because Little Pat decided she only wanted four hours sleep last night. See for yourself. It out on April 24 in Europe. Thanks, GoNintendo.
Play Control! Pikmin 2 and Jungle Beat get Euro dates
Nintendo just confirmed European Wii revamps of Pikmin 2 and Donkey Kong Jungle Beat for April 24 and "summer," respectively. Pikmin 2 includes a "Piklopedia" and "a new Treasure Hoard" over the first game. The only change over the original GameCube Pikmin 2 is the control method (thanks, Canton). There's a full press release after […]
Pikmin 2 latest
Pikmin 2 to finally receive Wii release in North America this June
Lewie's Weekly Deals: RDR, Mario Anniversary, ACII, loads more


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Tuesday, September 13, 2011
Interview with Margaret Blake
To plot or not to plot? Are you a planner or do you just dive in?
Funnily enough, I was giving a talk last Thursday and this question came up. I never plan, I just do not have that kind of mind. I love the risk of not knowing where I will be going. For instance in one novel I completely changed the ending. This strange feeling came to me – this is not right, look at such and such – and I did something that some people have found quite shocking! The novel is SHADOWS OF THE PAST published by Robert Hale, it was such an odd thing to happen but I am sure it works!
How do you relax? What interests do you have other than writing?
One of my great pleasures is walking in the Lakes or Dales. I go with a group of people three times a month; it really chases the cobwebs away. It's good to talk to different people too and this can be so inspiring. I love to travel but recently I have been going to Florida twice a year, so that has curtailed my trips to the European mainland.
What advice would you give a new writer?
I meet quite a few aspiring writers, it's always a pleasure to talk with them and to look at their work. Sometimes it is difficult to offer constructive criticism as writing is so personal and it's easy to hurt someone's feelings. But although positive, I do try to be reasonably truthful. I always advise them to study the market, use The Writers' and Artists' Year Book to find the right publisher for them, never to lose heart at the rejection letters but to try and try again. They have nothing to lose but the postage!
What draws you to your particular genre? Are you a specialist or do you have another identity?
Do you ever suffer from writer's block? If so, how do you cope with it?
I had not suffered from writer's block until recently. I lost my husband eighteen months ago and it has been so hard for me to write about falling in love, lovely places ad being happy. I am slowly getting back but it is a painful process. I saw online advice for writer's block, this was to just keep writing, no matter what it was or if it didn't eventually work. I have found that doing that is of help.
In what way has the RNA helped you or your career?
It was great to discover the RNA. I don't get the opportunity to go to meetings but I did go to the very first conference at Stonyhurst college. I made friends and had lots of good advice. I find that anyone in the RNA is happy to help. It really is a very supportive organization.
Is there a particular period of history that you enjoy writing about? Why is that?
My favourite historical period is the l480's. I have written three books in that period. Originally I wrote A SPRIG OF BROOM to promote the idea that King Richard the Third was not a monster. The period is fascinating and I had done so much research it seemed a good idea to keep using it. Every one of these books is very different but I do generally try to get a plug in about Richard, who is one of my all time heroes.
Tell us about your latest book, and how you got the idea for it.
Can you reveal something of your work in progress?
I have three books coming out between December and June (2012). A SPRIG OF BROOM from Whiskey Press, as I mentioned, and then two new books – a romantic suspense and a contemporary romance. I was half way through these books when John died, so it took me all my time to complete them. However, it was a very cathartic thing to do. Currently I am writing a romantic suspense but it is very early days. I have just managed 5,000 words but am optimistic!
Thank you for sharing that with us Margaret, it was quite inspiring. To find out more, please do visit Margaret's website: http://www.margaretblake.co.uk
Interviews on the RNA Blog are conducted by Freda Lightfoot and Kate Jackson. If you would like an interview, please contact me at: mailto:email@example.com
21 comments:
- Margaret Tanner said...
Hi Margaret,
Wonderful interview. You are such a talented writer, and to be able to succeed in so many genres as you have is truly amazing. I am sure your John would have been proud of the way you have soldiered on without him.
Your Aussie friend
- September 13, 2011 at 11:34 AM
- Sarita said...
What a wonderful interview! Thank you, Freda and Margaret.
I'm so glad John pushed to have you submit, Margaret. His love and support helped bring your writing to us, and it's given so much pleasure. And I love it that you're writing again. We have to find a way to do what we did before, don't we? I think they're up there smiling down on us, my friend. I really do.
You've started my day on such a high note! I'm so glad to hear A Spring of Broom is coming out again. I always wanted to read that book! And two new ones? It is going to be an exciting few months!
Stay strong, Margaret. Keep writing. You've got so many of us behind you!
Big hugs!
- September 13, 2011 at 12:40 PM
- Kathleen said...
Great interview! So looking forward to your three new novels.
- September 13, 2011 at 12:59 PM
- Jennifer Wilck said...
Wonderful interview, Margaret. So sorry about your husband. I think writing after that would be very hard. I look forward to reading your books.
- September 13, 2011 at 1:01 PM
- Annette Snyder said...
love the story of your hubby pushing you to succeed!
- September 13, 2011 at 1:45 PM
- margaret blake said...
Thank you for your kind comments, they are very much appreciated.
- September 13, 2011 at 2:10 PM
- Linda Swift said...
Margaret, I have tried to leave one comment and it didn't "take." So I'll say again that I enjoyed getting to know you through this blog. I'm sorry for your husband's passing and you are blessed that he pushed you to submit your writing. He has left you a gift that will comfort you now. I look forward to reading your books. Regards, Linda
- September 13, 2011 at 3:25 PM
- Lindsay Townsend said...
Margaret, this is a super interview. I am so sorry to hear that you lost your husband and as Linda and others have said, so glad he encouraged you to submit your work to publishers.
Take care and wishing you well. This is an interesting time to be a writer.
I eny you your trips to Florida!
- September 13, 2011 at 3:44 PM
- jrlindermuth said...
Margaret is a fantastic writer. Her many fans are certain to be glad she's persevered and is coming out with new books.
- September 13, 2011 at 4:07 PM
- Lynda K. Scott said...
Great interview!
- September 13, 2011 at 4:24 PM
- Noelene said...
Margaret, lovely to learn more about you and your achievements. I, too, enjoy writing historicals. Congratulations on your latest book and the WIPs to come. Writing really can be therapy.
- September 13, 2011 at 10:45 PM
- margaret blake said...
Thank you all for your lovely comments. It was great you stopped by.
- September 14, 2011 at 8:49 AM
- Rosemary Gemmell said...
What a lovely interview - it was great to read more about you, Margaret. I love romantic suspense so I'll be looking out for your books.
- September 14, 2011 at 9:20 AM
- Unknown said...
Congratulations on your latest book, Margaret, and what a lovely interview!
- September 14, 2011 at 11:56 AM
- margaret blake said...
Thank you Rosemary and Monica.
- September 14, 2011 at 2:19 PM
- Cara Cooper said...
Hi Margaret, it's such a long time since we met but I hope our paths cross again in the not too distant future. There've been some ups and downs haven't there but many, many congratulations for your continuing and very hard earned success. Cara x
- September 14, 2011 at 8:30 PM
- margaret blake said...
Thank you, Cara. Yes it has been too long since we met up - who knows, might get to see you in the future.
Lots of luck with your work too.
- September 14, 2011 at 10:12 PM
- Elaine Cantrell said...
Wonderful interview, Margaret. I'm looking forward to your new books.
- September 15, 2011 at 12:37 AM
- margaret blake said...
Thank you, Elaine, hope all is well with you.
- September 15, 2011 at 7:25 AM
Congratulations, Margaret, on your many upcoming releases! (And I love your cover art for A Fatal Flaw :) After everything you've been through, I'm very touched to hear you describe the influence your late husband had on encouraging you to send off your work to publishers. Best wishes to you and good luck with your latest piece!
- September 16, 2011 at 1:30 PM
- margaret blake said...
Thank you Debbie. John was a great influence, he was always so supportive and I have to confess that I do miss that very much. But that is life and you have to pick yourself up.
Best wishes to you.
- September 16, 2011 at 3:00 PM


text:
King On Holiday Lyrics
This open letter read
I'm gone on holiday
Started off as a secret headline
"The King Has Passed Away"
Goodbye to the world
Goodbye to the pain
Goodbye to the screaming children
Your hero passed away
Hey Hey Hey
If you ever caught a glimpse of hell, would you kill time?
All the lives are torn
Every bastard mourns
Would you kill yourself?
I was born try to suffer this fame
I sold my soul for dirt
Goodbye to the legend Elvis


text:
Danny the Dog Hand PuppetSize: 10"Learn More
Find out what's new at MaryRuth Books, get better acquainted with Danny and his friends, and shop all of the latest products.
Help children develop language and social skills that prepare them for the classroom and enable them to be ready to learn.Learn More
Our books are written to engage blossoming readers from Early Emergent to Early Fluent!Learn More
Check out the resources available to help integrate our books into classrooms and reading libraries.Learn More
View it online, or let us mail you a hard copy of the latest MaryRuth Books catalog.Learn More
We have loved every single one of Mia Coulton's books we have read! From Danny and Norman to The Chickens and the Fox series, they are all great! We started reading them when my kids were babies and now my first grader can read them to her younger brothers and us! So happy to have found these wonderful books!"
We received your package yesterday! For Halloween my son (1st Grade) traded in large candy stash for some money. With his money he bought Bee & Danny. I wish you could have seen his eyes when he spotted the package yesterday! He was so excited to open the box and to start playing with Danny & Bee!
Can't wait to see what adventures they go on together!"
I'm not sure any of my other Reading Recovery students will get to read my fabulous Danny books this round! Thank you for helping my students to learn to love reading!"
Hello!! I'm a Reading Recovery teacher who has shared my love of Danny & Abby with my 2 daughters! We recently ordered Danny and Abby for our house and I wanted to share this pic! My girls dress them up, read to them and take them on walks!! Thanks so much for helping me spread the love of reading with so many students over the years!! ❤"
Dear Danny,
Can you write a book about Avengers Infinity Wars? All his friends could dress up. If Spike learned his lesson, he can be Iron Man. Abby can be Black Widow, and you can be Thanos. Thanos is the winner. Bee can be War Machine because he is brave and can fly. Thank you for listening!
Your friend, Matthew
Dear Mia Coulton,
How many Danny books have you written? Why don't we see dad's face?
I love you Danny. Hi Danny. I love your book Danny so much. I can't believe I am sending a letter to you. I am so excited. I love you. I want you to be my pet. To Danny from Annalena."
Dear Ms. Coulton,
My Reading Recovery student, Melissa, loved reading the books in The Chickens and the Fox series. After reading them all, while waiting (hopefully) for additional titles, Melissa decided to write her own book featuring these characters. As you can see, she was influenced by your craft and sees herself, not only as a reader, but also an author! Thank you for inspiring many of our young readers and writers. I hope you enjoy The Sneaky Fox.
Dear Danny,
I always read your books. I hope you write back.
My student Lilly has fallen in love with Danny books this year! She has learned to read with expression and laughs at all the funny parts of your books. Thanks for making kids "want" to read. Attached is a picture of Lilly and our school therapy dog, Wrangler."
I was a RR teacher before retiring eight years ago. I bought many Danny books and moved them all with me when I retired. Since then, I have read the books with a neighbor boy and used them when I volunteered at a nearby school. Bee was always a favorite in my classroom and in retirement.
Now I have two grandsons who also love Bee. Alistair is not yet two, but could identify which books had Dad as a character. He also pointed and said NO while reading BEE: THE BEGINNING. And he also exclaimed OH NO before I could turn the page showing Bee covered in mud. When we FaceTime with Al, he always requests to see Bee (the stuffed guy) before saying hello to us.
Our younger grandson Charlie lives nearby and just turned one. Bee goes on every stroller ride and car ride. Charlie's favorite Danny book is DANNY LIKES RED. The apple page cracks him up every time.
When I taught I loved Danny books, my students liked the books and so did their parents. Now I can share the joy with my little guys. Thanks for such lovely books."
I have been a reading teacher for 27 years, and I have never found a character or a series of books that alights the imaginations of my students like the Danny books. I was lucky enough to discover them last year, and the kids were so excited about each new Danny adventure that I shared with the class. Even better, there were so many Danny books that emergent readers could read with success. My students got a great deal of enjoyment out of reading about Danny, writing stories about him, and drawing pictures of Danny and all of his friends. Their enthusiasm for the stories has inspired me to dedicate a portion of my classroom as "Danny's Reading Corner," which will feature every Danny book I can get my hands on and stuffed versions of Danny and his friends for students to read to. Thank you MaryRuth books for providing these fabulous, sweet, engaging stories. There are such a wonderful way to help foster a lifelong love of reading!"
Dear Danny and Mia,
Thank you for sharing Danny and his friends with us. We enjoy hearing about his adventures. We use the themes throughout our year to help us learn and celebrate our year in first grade. We hope that you are all doing well.
Dear Danny,
Which is your favorite Geologist, Botanist, Entomologist Ornithologist? My favorite is Ornithologist Danny! I like your goggles. Will you still not look at a spider? I love that you took Grandma Ruths glasses!!!
Love Branson
Happy Birthday Danny.
I believe the MaryRuth books are appealing to young readers largely because of their size, color, font, pictures/photographs, etc. The font and spacing are perfect. The vivid photographs on every 2-page spread break up the text. Danny, Abby, and Norman are loveable characters for young children and the fact that they are real is often surprising and exciting to students."
Thank you so much for everything! The Danny books have truly transformed our library and have our students loving to read! I am inserting a link to a birthday book the students made using Book Creator. We celebrated Danny's birthday here in the library so the book shows you pictures of the party as well as all our birthday wishes for Danny. This is our second year with the Danny books and we love them. The students love the Danny bookmarks too!"
Dear Mia and Danny,
Havic was one of my Reading Recovery kids last year. This year he is in a Booster Group. I so wish you could see the joy on his face when he gets one of your books. He is doing well and I am very proud of him! If you could please write him back. It would make his day! Thanks for all you do!
- He wrote this letter at home last night. :-)"
Dear Mia Coulton and Danny,
My students absolutely love the Danny Books. This year I received an email about Danny's Birthday. When I shared this news with my students, they were so excited to write to Danny. My current Reading Recovery students wrote letters to Danny. They also included a photo and a drawing. We hope you like our letters as much as we enjoy your books. One question the kids have is how old is Danny? Please tell Danny we hope he had a wonderful Happy Birthday. Say hi to Bee and Norman too.
Dear Mia,
This is what I think Dad looks like.
Love Sylvie"
The attached from Melissa is from our writing in a Reading Recovery lesson today."
On April 18th the Reading Recovery Teachers of Jackson ISD in Michigan, under the leadership of Maeghan McCormick, met for our monthly meeting. We celebrated Danny's Birthday. We thought you might enjoy our group photo with Danny and Bee. Thank you for all your wonderful stories. The children love them and we do also."
Dear Danny,
I hope you have a good birthday. I love your books. My favorite is Danny's Shadow.
Love, James"
Hello! I would love to sign up for your newsletter etc. I am a preschool teacher and a mom to a 4 and 5 year old who LOVE Danny and Norman! We just recently bought 6 books and have read them ten times each at the least. Thank you so much for helping instill a love of reading in children."
Dear Danny,
We hope you had the happiest of birthdays. We wanted you to know that we were thinking of you in Nova Scotia. We used your " find a word " sheet to celebrate your special day. We took a picture of Bee and Super Danny home to colour!
Many more!"
Letters to Danny written by 2nd grade Title I students at St. Patrick School in Terre Haute, IN.
Danny books voted #1!!"
Dear Danny,
I love your books. My favorite is Get Down Danny. I love Danny.
From Sammy"
I have a special needs student who just loves the Danny books. He loves to read the books to Bee. Some days that is the only way I can get him to read either to me or by himself.
Thank you for providing such wonderful books for our lower readers and also those who just love to read about Danny, Norman, Abby, and Bee and all of their adventures. The chapter books have been a great addition to my classroom library.
Happy Birthday, Danny!"
Lily is almost 8 and LOVES reading to her brother, Henry, who is not yet 2. Favorite books are all the Danny books. Henry even sleeps with Danny every night!
Thank you again for the books!"
HI - I just wanted you to know that a series of "Danny" books has been donated to Oak Marr RECenter in Oakton, Va (outside of Washington D.C.). We are going to use them in our child care center. They are just adorable!"
To Danny from Kellan
Dear Danny
I love your books a lot. So far my favorite book is Danny's Rocket. I cannot wait to read one of your other books.
Dear Danny,
My name is Jacob. I read your books, and I love them so much. You and Bee are my favorite characters. When I read Danny's Bee Goes to the Hospital Bee's eye fell out and he got ripped in the middle. What did Norman do to make Bee go to the toy hospital? I think he played with him too hard.
Dear Danny and MaryRuth Books,
Thank you for making my Reading Recovery students fall in love with reading! If it were up to them, they'd only choose Danny books. They also love getting on Facebook to see new pictures and videos. Danny, Norman, Bee and Abby have played a big part in inspiring my young readers to become lifelong readers. For this, I am forever grateful.
Dear Danny,
I love all of your books. You are the best dog ever!
Your friend,
The kids at Westwood and Lindsey schools are enjoying the books immensely. They love the stories, yes, but also love arranging and rearranging the books by color, stacking them up, etc."
Dear Danny
My name is Isaac. I am in grade two. I go to St. Patrick School. I have two brothers. I like to read. I like to ride my bike. My favorite book is Danny Gets Fit because you can do it to get fit too. What type of dog are you?
Dear Danny,
My name is Reagan. I go to St. Patrick School. I love to read Danny Books. I like summer. I am in 2nd grade. I like to ride my bike. My favorite book is Moving. How old are you? What is your favorite Danny Book? What is your favorite color?
Dear Mia Coulton, I wrote a Danny book. I like your books. What does he eat?
Love Kiyah"
The kids love them and the books have turned them into READERS!"
Dear Mia Coulton,
Briecyn has fallen in love with Danny within the first five Roaming Around the Known lessons in Reading Recovery. He is eager to read (and read again) any Danny book.
He wanted to send a letter to Danny, which is enclosed."
Dear Danny,
I like your book Danny Likes Apples. I like apples too.
From Mateo"
Dear Mia Coulton,
Thank you for writing Danny books. Is Danny sleeping in Dad's bed?
Love Jeramian"
Dear Danny,
My name is Miguel and I love Danny. Here is your friend the bee. What do you play with Bee? We like to read."
Dear Danny,
You were so cute as a puppy even if we don't know which one you are. You are kind to other dogs and people. Danny, thank you for being a kind dog!
For Danny
I love you."
Dear Danny, I will give you a surprise if you are good! Love Bridget"
Danny, I like your books. Can you send more books to Ms. Moore? Thank you from -Chase."
Norman and Danny Thank you"
It was so nice to visit your booth again at the International Literacy Association conference in Austin. I was mad at myself because I had forgotten to pack my Danny socks! I have used your books for several years. They remain a favorite choice of my students, too! Thank you for your work."
Mia Coulton connects with kids like no other author."
I can't wait to read another Danny book!!"
Thank you!"
Thanks so much for helping my students fall in love with reading. All of my Reading Recovery students love Danny, Bee, Norman and Abby. We visit your Facebook page often!!"
My first grade Title I groups adore Danny books like I do. They were excited to let you know."
I love your books. My favorite one is Danny and Abby Play Hospital. They don't fight over stuff. How do you get so many books done in so little time? I like your books so much I want to be a book author just like you."
You should make a movie of Danny. I love your Knock Knock Joke Book. You should make the movie about Danny finding Abby and got distracted and chased a squirrel."
Dear Danny, My favorite book is when you tried to find Abby. And you found her!"
Dear Danny, I like all your books. It was funny that you ate all your Dad's food at the picnic."
"Thank you Danny! Today, after 6 mo of support and hard work. I read my first full sentence in Snow Danny! I love your books. I love Danny." From Chandler, age 7
(From Chandler's mom: Sensory Disability has kept his eyes from seeing text. He has worked so hard... you have helped! Thank you.)"
Dear Danny,
What do you do all day? I read the book SPY DANNY. How do you smell the flowers? What's your favorite treat to eat? My favorite thing to eat is fruit snacks.
Love, Jaylen
The variety of Danny stuffed animals are wonderful! Students will enjoy seeing Danny on my shelf and snuggling with the toy! The posters are also very cute. Perhaps some posters that highlight MaryRuth's nonfiction text would be a good idea."
Dear Danny,
Your book was funny and red.
Love Jaylen
I use easy Danny books for beginner readers because they have some simple high frequency words with supportive pictures and they follow a predictable sentence structure which is good for all beginner students and especially good for EL students: Look at Danny, I Am Danny, All About Danny, Get Down Danny, Danny's Window, Grandma Ruth's Glasses."
I love Danny's books. I wish that you could make more. Please make more. Pretty please? I am going to get a cat."
Dear Danny, I love the stories about you! My favorite book so far is Bats in Danny's House. I thought it was funny when Bat-Bee was chasing the bat out the door. The bat was like, "See ya! I'm not coming back to your house again with Bat-Bee around." How was Bee actually flying?"
My students love All About Danny, Super Danny, Look at Danny, Danny Likes Red...They seem to like the photographs as opposed to drawings. In Danny Likes Red, I like that the pattern changes a bit and they have to monitor with known words. I use these books because of the predictable pattern, picture support, building on known words and clean lay-out on the page. My students enjoy getting to know a character and reading books at increasing levels about that character."
Dear Danny,
I like reading Danny books because I like dogs.
Love Phoebe
I really like the use of photographs in the Mary Ruth books. I think the photographs capture nature and the character realistically and kids need more books that do."
The "Danny" series are a favorite among my students. I think it's the real-life character of Danny and reading about the silly things Danny can do that is so motivating to them. Many of my students have a pet, so they can make connections to this character."
My students love animal characters. They especially love Danny because he reminds them of their dog, their friend's dog, a dog that they might have in their lives. I also love the series books, the books with characters the students find entertaining. We love to read about Danny & Bee."
Dear Danny, It's fun to read your books and I like your toy, Bee. When is your birthday?"
Dear Danny, I love your books. My favorite book of yours is Super Danny and Bat-Bee. My favorite chapter in Super Danny and Bat-Bee is the Groundhog because Bee got punched out of a hole. I wonder how you tell the author what you want to write back to me. Maybe you use paw signals."
I am always in need of more books that are accurately leveled and interesting to kids! I love the Danny series! He goes through things that kids can relate to! I also love that he has a chapter book, so kids could follow him for quite a while!"
One of my students was shocked today to discover he is now reading 2nd grade books. He thinks reading Danny books is part of the reason he can! He wanted me to send this to you. Thanks and enjoy!"
I like that Mary Ruth is consistent in its use of font, style, and size. Students can easily transition from one book to another because they are so similar in style."
I liked the book when you were sorting your treats. At the end I liked when you said your treats were all gone."
My name is Tyler and I like to ride my bike. How do you write? You can't hold a pen. Please tell me how do you write."
I love your Danny books."
I like all of your books. Some of them are kind of funny and I really like dogs."
I have a Reading Recovery student who has a poor home life, but his attitude for learning and reading is amazing!! He loves reading Danny. When I asked him why he likes Danny he said because he's so funny, and cute and he's a dog!! Thanks so much for writing books to encourage young readers to love to read! Blessings!"
I want you to live closer so that I can visit. We could write books together. I love you."
Thank you so much for all you do for the kids. I am enclosing a letter from a student I teach at Springfield Elementary School. (The student) is learning so much and has fallen in love with Danny and wanted to send him a letter.
Thanks so much."
Can you show me the inside of Danny's castle? Your biggest fan."
My favorite book is Danny the Dinosaur. I like it because it made me smile. Is Danny real? I love reading to my dog."
You are a good dog!"
I love your books. I wrote my own book about Danny. I hope you like it. Danny is my favorite in the world. My name is Jackson. Good bye!!!!"
I want a part two of Danny's Rocket. Here is why: it will be good for our brains. And the reason is alot of people like Danny books. Most importantly we will know if Danny goes to the moon. This is why I want another series of Danny's Rocket books."
How old are you? Which Danny books do you like the most of all? I love to read your Danny books and I like the Danny books."
I like Danny books. My favorite book (Groundhog Day)"
When is Danny's birthday? Where did you get Bee? Do you take your pictures first or do you write first? In Super Danny and Bat-Bee whose cat is that?"
Your books are great to read. Are you a real dog? My favorite book is Danny and Bee Play Together."
Danny is my favorite character.Does he like to have his picture taken? How old is Danny?How old is Bee? What is your favorite book? "Norman Lost a Tooth" is my favorite book. It was funny that his tooth fell out when he chewed his toy. How many books have you written? I have read at least 20! I hope you keep writing books about Norman and Danny."
I like Danny books. But where is Daddy's head? Thanks."
I like the book Danny Gets Fit. My favorite part is when Danny said, "Do I have to do that again?" Danny is so tired out. I think Danny should do push-ups to get fit. Norman, Danny, and Abby are all best friends. I like the rest of the books too."
I read your books almost every day because I love them."
You are hilarious! I like Danny's Castle book the best. Why isn't Dad's face in the pictures? I wish there were cats in your books."
We had not seen these books since I was five and there they were. It brought back such good memories seeing these books. So I just wanted to thank you for being such a good dog!"
Rocco is obsessed with the Danny books. They have been the shift he needed to reach success. Thank you!"
Thank you for your funny books. You both are the best dogs in the world."
Are you still making Danny books? How old is Danny? I love your books. Do you have any other pets?"
Did you get to play with the bunny? I like your books. Get Down Danny is my favorite."
We have Danny and Bee doll. I like when Danny is up on Dad's knees. Is Bee real or not?"
We dedicated our door to you and your books in the Month of March this year. When we polled our Reading Recovery and Title I students, you were the unanimous favorite for best author!"
How are you Danny? My name is Conner. My favorite book is Super Danny. What is your favorite toy to play with? Please come to my house, Danny. I love you, Danny."
My tooth hurts. Norman had a loose tooth because he was chewing his big blue ball. I love Danny and Abby and Norman. Where do you write your books at? My dog Bursa likes to get on my Dad's lap like Danny."
I want to let you know that your books are beloved by every child who reads them. Even our teachers with young children at home have grown addicted to Danny stories. They borrow them from our collections and some have even purchased them to have at home."
I use easy Danny books for beginner readers because they have some simple high frequency words with supportive pictures and they follow a predictable sentence structure which is good for all beginner students and especially good for EL students: Look at Danny, I Am Danny, All About Danny, Get Down Danny, Danny's Window, Grandma Ruth's Glasses."
How do you stick Bee on the rocket in Danny's Rocket? I think it is funny."
I really like the use of photographs in the Mary Ruth books. I think the photographs capture nature and the character realistically and kids need more books that do."
The "Danny" series are a favorite among my students. I think it's the real-life character of Danny and reading about the silly things Danny can do that is so motivating to them. Many of my students have a pet, so they can make connections to this character."
The look of the Mary Ruth books is very engaging to students. The books have real pictures with lots of bright fun colors. The book size is nice for our small 1st grade hands. The ongoing characters lead the reader to enjoy the next book and make connections from the prior reads."
I LOVE that the layout of your books is not too busy, and the pictures are colorful and not too distracting."
Love the real life pictures of Danny. Kids relate to dogs and events that really happen. Font is big enough for early readers. Pictures go along well with the story."
I have been using the "Danny" series of books for about 7 years in my classroom for guided reading, and independent reading with the students. They love the characters and how Danny finds himself in new situations.I like the looks of the baby elephant series. I really like how MaryRuth Books have various reading level texts. The design is simple, but lasting. I feel it is nice for the kids because the books are NOT too busy. They focus on the story and not the flash."
Today I suggested to my Reading Recovery student Gabe that he write to you to ask the question that I cannot answer."
I have used and really like the Danny books. The students LOVE Danny! We have so much success in using these because the students have fun discussing them.
I integrate science and math into my literacy as much as possible, so any book with topics related to these subjects is helpful.
The look of the Danny books is great! The font is the perfect size; the photos are fun; and the titles are clear."
I want to thank you for the wonderful Danny Books. I ordered an early emergent set of books for the volunteer program I volunteer with in Bridgeport, CT. All of the volunteers were thrilled with the books. And, the children are so happy to READ and enjoy and laugh at the books. Thanks so much."
I use the chapter books with my 2nd grade readers for fluency practice at their independent level. They are also great for exploring story structure, comparing and contrasting. The kids love the characters (Danny & Bee) and are motivated by the books which keeps them engaged and excited!"
I use all the MaryRuth Book titles in teaching reading. I use the early levels for high frequency words, harder ones for variety in words, dialogue, dialogue tags in different places. I also use them when I am moving kids toward more independence and nearing the end of their program."
My kids love the Chickens and the Fox series!!!"
At early levels 1-3, my students love Danny. My students love All About Danny, Super Danny, Look at Danny, & Danny Likes Red. They like the photographs, as opposed to drawings. In Danny Likes Red, I like that the pattern changes a bit and they have to monitor with known words. I use these books because of the predictable pattern, picture support, building on known words and clean lay-out on the page. My students enjoy getting to know a character and reading books at increasing levels about that character."
I always have students asking me if I have another Danny book they can read. The photographs and stories about Danny are very motivating for my students, especially the boys."
Just wanted to let you know that I received the books you helped me order. The kids love them as do I! They like the real pictures and of course, who doesn't like a dog! It's nice to have kids want to read a book! Thanks!!!"
One of the things I like the MOST about Mary Ruth's books is the look...the font is so clear and consistent (perfect size), there is not clutter on the pages, the pictures are engaging and helpful. I really have enjoyed watching my students enjoy Mary Ruth books!"
I love the layout of MaryRuth Books. The layout of the text (spacing between words and lines of text) is very easy for the students to follow. The font style, size, and color is crisp and clean; perfect for beginning readers. The photos/artwork are eye-catching and provoke discussion. They also provide nice cues for meaning to the stories."
There are so many ManyRuth items that I love in the catalog: Open conversation cards, sequencing cards & posters! I especially love the vocabulary that is included in the Level D science Danny books."
Love the photos.
Like the spacing of the words and the sentences.
Enjoy the familiar characters of Danny and the Bee that are in most all of the books.
Kids will connect with the dog.
Good size for little hands.
Nice repetition and sentence patterns.
Good font choice and size.
I love using MaryRuth books. I love Danny and the Car Wash because Bee actually is on the outside of the car, and that surprises students. I also love Danny's Hair is Everywhere because of that nasty lollipop. The pictures are so clear and often funny in Danny books. The kids can't get enough of the stories."
My students are begging for more Danny Books. They even love to sit and just look through the new catalog! Hilarious!"
LOVE your books! I just received my first two sets in an order and plan to order more for our school Literacy Closet."
The Danny Books by MaryRuth Books are beloved and hoarded by our beginning first grade readers. There is something very comforting in these books for our reluctant readers."
My autistic granddaughter is finally having success with reading. Many thanks to the Danny books. Of course, our 11 year old yellow lab, Barney, is enjoying listening to her read, too."
My third grade students just completed MOVING. I thought this book would be perfect as a "last" Danny book, a way to say goodbye to Danny. However, they don' t want to leave Danny behind and have plenty of ideas for future higher leveled books about Danny!"
Your Danny series of books is just perfect for the students with whom I work. And I am speaking as a retired teacher who taught for 39 years."
The true success of these books is in the care you have given to writing them and making them just right for struggling readers."
I just fell in LOVE with the Danny stories! The books provided my at-risk readers with success as well as interesting subject matter to hold their attention."
I am a Special Education Teacher and I wanted to let you know how your "Danny" books have helped one of my students. My student is a 2nd grader who is learning disabled. Along with this, he has struggled over the years to behave correctly and complete his work. This is the first year he has ever read a book. It is because of Danny. He loves the real pictures and how we're following Danny through the events in his life. The consistency of the writing allows him to feel comfortable when starting a new Danny book. He wants to know more about Danny, such as why he can't see dad's face in the pictures and why you're not in the pictures if you're the author. I told him I would write to you for more information. While we understand that you are a busy author, nothing would make this little boy happier than to know that he contacted an author. This kind of an accomplishment would help him to strive to be a better student and continue to work hard to overcome his disability. I would personally like to thank you for writing these books with a student's needs in mind.
Note from MRB: Author Mia Coulton receives many letters from young readers wanting to know more about Danny, Norman, and Bee. Some letters include pictures or drawings. Mia enjoys hearing from Danny's fans and personally answers every letter."
I love Danny and Norman. I especially like the counting book when there are all the puppies on the last page! Love."
The saddest book I read was the book called THE FORT. Can you write another book called DANNY TO THE RESCUE?"
I really like your bookmarks. I can't wait to read a chapter book about Danny and Bee and Norman. Thank you!"
My 6 year old son, Sam, loves the Danny series books! We get them at our local library. He enjoys reading about Danny's adventures and has a stuffed dog that looks like Danny. Thank you for creating such a wonderful series that is helping my kindergartner love to read!"
Danny and Norman books are my favorite."


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A NINTH Harry Potter film is apparently being shot in secret.
The franchise came to an end last year with eighth movie Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 2, which saw Harry finally triumph over arch-enemy Voldemort.
But according to British newspaper The Sun, a mini movie - which will be shown exclusively at Harry Potter theme parks - is in production.
"The cast have really enjoyed getting back together - they are so tight-knit," a source told the publication.
Helena Bonham Carter is said to be among the cast currently filming and will apparently reprise her role as Bellatrix Lestrange.
The short feature will reportedly be shown at The Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida.
It will also be made available at two new parks currently under construction, one of which will open in California in 2014 and another in Japan in 2016.
"The shooting schedule is nowhere near as long as the films, so though filming has been intense, the stars have enjoyed being able to pop in and out," the source continued.
The films, based on novels by British author JK Rowling, earned the franchise more than £5 billion worldwide.
Originally published asHarry Potter cast 'reunite for secret film'


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Asgard Heroes
Indie and other games of interest: Jack the Ripper, Prinny 2, more
Not too much this week for this post, so don't go into it expected a massive wall of text and tags – sorry to say. Still, there's a bit below the page break such as demos, Steam offerings, content updates, news on Prinny 2 and other stuff regarding games that normally bypass the front page. […]
Asgard Heroes headlines
Indie and other games of interest: Hey look, it's all in one post
During the course of the week, loads of indie games, less mainstream titles and those point-and-click adventures you are always hearing about, sometimes get lost in the shuffle -what with news on Uncharted 2 and Modern Warfare 2 happening every three minutes or so. That's why, much like the MMO news round-up, we've decided to […]


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Handling RDF data with Apache Jena
Apache Jena, currently in incubation, is a Java framework for building semantic web applications. It provides developers with a library to handle RDF, RDFS, RDFa, OWL and SPARQL in line with the relevant W3C recommendations.
Jena has been developed by researchers at HP Labs, Bristol (UK) starting back in 2000. It has been an open source project since its beginning and it is extensively used within the semantic web community.
This talk introduces the fundamentals of the RDF data model and SPARQL query language as well as the basic usage patterns of Jena: how to parse and write data in RDF format, how to store it using TDB, Jena's native RDF database, querying with SPARQL using ARQ and how to integrate free text searches with SPARQL using Apache Lucene or Solr.
At Talis we use Apache Jena, in particular TDB, ARQ, LARQ and Apache Hadoop in our ingestion pipeline, as well as many other open source projects, to process RDF data, store it, implement our services and APIs.


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> Tim Lincecum has gotten a haircut. Actually, it appears he has gotten several of them. Back in December, rumors swirled that the San Francisco Giants pitcher had chopped off his long, flowing locks. There was photo evidence at the time, but it was a bit blurry and there were some skeptics who refused to believe it. Now, it's official. Lincecum was one of the biggest stories from Giants media day on Friday, as every photographer and reporter with a cell phone camera wanted to get a shot of his new boys regular haircut. This angle really gives you the full effect of the comb-over that Timmy has decided to rock: Clean cut Timmy twitter.com/CSNBaggs/statu… — Andrew Baggarly (@CSNBaggs) February 8, 2013 And alas, an era has come to an end. Whatever luck Lincecum's long hair may have contained seemed to run out last season, as he posted a 10-15 record and an ERA of 5.18 (which ballooned from the impressive 2.74 he posted in 2011). There were bound to be some drastic changes made in the right-hander's life, and he probably didn't want to give up his crazy In-N-Out burger order. Giants fans are hoping the clean-cut look will lead to a bounce-back season. Photo via Twitter/MLB The post Tim Lincecum officially unveils his new haircut to the press (Pictures) appeared first on Larry Brown Sports. Related posts: Tim Lincecum gets a haircut, proceeds to get racked by Rockies (Picture) Tim Lincecum appears to have cut his long hair (Pictures) Tim Lincecum could be pitching for his place in the rotation
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From the first screech of his electric guitar upsetting musicians at a folk festival to his writing and paintings, Bob Dylan has risen to become a seminal force in American popular culture. In 2016, he was recognized by the Nobel Committee. Learn more about his creations...
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Every step that takes me further makes me lighter.
Every time I start walking through the streets I'm in danger of losing my feet. The streets are so full and I'm continually amazed by the quantity of everything. I still don't know how to protect myself from this profusion. How can I understand this place without splitting myself into the multiplicity of things that come at me like bullets?I keep on walking down the narrow streets, past the coffee joints and the stray cats eating in the street. The speakers scream, the cars honk loudly as they brush past. Boys on bicycles balance baskets of bread on their heads. An old lady sells paper handkerchiefs from the ground. There's the sweet smell of the water pipes mixed with the cardamom from the coffee houses. People ask me where I'm from, and I smile without answering. Every step that takes me further makes me lighter. My hands begin to tingle. I order a glass of sugar juice on the corner of the street.


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French Lick Cabins at Patoka
Lake Village is a great place for both the sports-minded people
and those who want a peaceful spot to "get away from
it all." Located 10 miles south of French Lick,
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After you've enjoyed the many charms of Patoka Lake (Indiana's second largest body of water), or played golf
at several nearby courses, you may want to visit other interesting
places in Southern Indiana. There are plenty of things to do in French Lick, including the French Lick Resort & Casino, the magnificent West Baden Springs Dome, French Lick Winery & Vintage Cafe, French Lick Railway Museum, French Lick West Baden Indoor Karting, and Big Splash Adventure Indoor Water Park & Resort. When it is time to dine French Lick ,as well as Jasper and local family owned restaurants around the lake, make for an impressive variety of restaurants to choose from. A delightful dining experience is the perfect complement to any kind of travel.
Revisit for fabulous Fall Foliage, or explore the Indiana Wineries along the wine trail. Even in the winter there are still plenty of things to do, like take a guided tour of Marengo Cave ("Indiana's Finest Natural Attraction"), or enjoy downhill excitement of nearby Paoli Peaks, which offers skiing, snowboarding or tubing for the entire family.
Wherever you go, your log cabin will be your
home base as you experience the Adventures of a Patoka Lake Vacation Getaway.


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Sanger Boats has been building quality boats since 1954. As part of our Sanger "family", we take pride in offering you high
quality sports apparel for men and women. These items are provided through KD and Company, a division of Sanger Boats.
Choose from an assortment of T-shirts and sweatshirts, as well as baseball caps. Take a browse through our website and find the Sanger accessory that is right
for you! Keep an eye out for new items coming soon!!