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Jan. 9, 1903: Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchase the defunct Baltimore franchise of the American League for $18,000 and then move the team to Manhattan.
Mar. 12, 1903: The New York franchise is approved as a member of the American League. The team will play in a hastily constructed, all-wood park at 168th Street and Broadway. Because the site is one of the highest spots in Manhattan, the club will be known as the "Highlanders" and their home field "Hilltop Park."
Apr. 22, 1903: The Highlanders play their first game, a 3-1 loss at Washington.
Apr. 23, 1903: The Highlanders record the first win in franchise history, a 7-2 decision at Washington. Harry Howell recorded the win.
Apr. 30, 1903: The Highlanders notch a 6-2 win vs. Washington in their inaugural home opener at Hilltop Park.
Apr. 11, 1912: Pinstripes first appear on Highlanders' uniforms, creating a look that would become the most famous uniform design in sports.
April, 1913: The Highlanders are officially renamed the "Yankees" after moving to the Polo Grounds, home of the National League's New York Giants.
Jan. 29, 1915: Col. Jacob Ruppert and Col. Tillinghast L'Hommedieu Huston purchase the Yankees for $1.25 million.
Apr. 24, 1917: George Mogridge becomes the first Yankee to throw a no-hitter in a 2-1 win at Fenway Park.
Jan. 3, 1920: The Yankees purchase the contract of Babe Ruth from the Boston Red Sox for $125,000 and a $350,000 loan against the mortgage on Fenway Park.
September, 1921: The Yankees clinch their first AL pennant.
May 5, 1922: Construction begins on Yankee Stadium.
May 21, 1922: Col. Ruppert buys out Col. Huston for $1.5 million.
Apr. 18, 1923: Yankee Stadium opens with a 4-1 win over the Boston Red Sox before a reported crowd of 74,200. Babe Ruth hits the Stadium's first home run.
June 1, 1925: Lou Gehrig begins his streak of 2,130 consecutive games played, pinch-hitting for Pee Wee Wanniger.
Sept. 30, 1927: Babe Ruth breaks his own Major-League record with his 60th home run on the season's final day.
Apr. 20, 1928: The Yankees' sixth season at Yankee Stadium opens with the left-field stands enlarged to three decks.
Apr. 16, 1929: The Yankees become the first team to make numbers a permanent part of the uniform (numbers would become standard for all teams by 1932).
Sept. 25, 1929: Manager Miller Huggins, who guided the Yankees to their first six A.L. pennants and three World Championships, dies of blood poisoning.
June 3, 1932: Lou Gehrig becomes the first player to hit four home runs in a single game in the Yankees' 20-13 win at Philadelphia. He remains the only Yankee to hit four home runs in one game.
July 14, 1934: Babe Ruth hits the 700th home run of his career off Tommy Bridges in the second inning of a 4-2 Yankees' win at Detroit's Navin Field.
Nov. 21, 1934: The Yankees purchase Joe DiMaggio from the San Francisco Seals of the Pacific Coast League for $50,000.
Apr. 20, 1937: The Yankees' 15th season at Yankee Stadium opens with the right-field stands enlarged to three decks. The wooden bleachers are replaced by a concrete structure with the distance to center field dropping from 490 to 461 feet.
May 30, 1938: A franchise-record crowd of 81,841 attends a doubleheader sweep of the Boston Red Sox.
May 2, 1939: Lou Gehrig's playing streak of 2,130 consecutive games ends when he does not make an appearance in a 22-2 Yankees' win at Detroit. Babe Dahlgren plays first base for the Yankees and contributes a double and a home run.
July 4, 1939: "Lou Gehrig Appreciation Day" is held at Yankee Stadium. His uniform number (4) is the first to be retired in Major League Baseball and Gehrig makes his famous "Today I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the earth" speech.
May 15, 1941: Joe DiMaggio's 56-game hitting streak begins with a single off Edgar Smith in a 13-1 loss vs. Chicago at Yankee Stadium.
June 2, 1941: Lou Gehrig dies of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at the age of 37.
July 17, 1941: Joe DiMaggio's consecutive-game hitting streak ends at 56 when he goes 0-for-3 in a 4-3 Yankees' win at Cleveland. Indians' third baseman Ken Keltner twice robs DiMaggio of hits with great fielding plays. DiMaggio then hits in the next 16 straight games to give him hits in 72 of 73 games.
Jan 25, 1945: Dan Topping, Del Webb and Larry MacPhail purchase the Yankees for $2,800,000 from the estate of the late Col. Jacob Ruppert. MacPhail replaces Ed Barrow as President and General Manager.
May 28, 1946: The first night game is played at Yankee Stadium and the Yankees suffer a 2-1 loss vs. Washington before 49,917 fans.
Apr. 27, 1947: "Babe Ruth Day" is celebrated throughout Major League Baseball.
June 13, 1948: Babe Ruth's uniform number (3) is retired at Yankee Stadium's 25th Anniversary celebration. The Babe makes his final Stadium appearance.
Aug 16, 1948: Babe Ruth dies in New York of throat cancer at age 53.
Oct 12, 1948: The Yankees announce that Casey Stengel will replace Bucky Harris as manager.
Apr. 17, 1951: Mickey Mantle makes his Major-League debut, going 1-for-4 in a 4-0 win vs. Boston at Yankee Stadium.
Sept. 28, 1951: In Game One of doubleheader vs. Boston at Yankee Stadium, Allie Reynolds tosses his second no-hitter of the season (he had previously no-hit the Indians at Municipal Stadium in Cleveland on July 12).
Dec. 12, 1951: Joe DiMaggio officially announces his retirement.
Apr. 17, 1953: Exactly two years after his Yankee debut, Mickey Mantle hits what is recognized as the game's first "tape-measure" home run, a 565-foot clout off the Senators' Chuck Stobbs at Washington's Griffith Stadium.
Oct. 5, 1953: The Yankees win a record fifth consecutive World Championship.
Oct. 8, 1956: Don Larsen hurls the only perfect game in World Series history, a 2-0 win over Brooklyn in Game Five at Yankee Stadium.
Oct. 1, 1961: Roger Maris hits his 61st home run in the season's final game to establish a Major-League record.
June 24, 1962: Jack Reeds two-run, 22nd-inning home run ends the longest game in Yankee history, a 9-7 win at Detroit.
Nov. 2, 1964: CBS purchases 80% of Yankees for $11,200,000. The network later buys the remaining 20%.
June 8, 1969: "Mickey Mantle Day" is celebrated at Yankee Stadium and his uniform number (7) is retired.
Aug. 8, 1972: The Yankees sign a 30-year lease to play in a remodeled Yankee Stadium to be completed in 1976.
Jan. 3, 1973: A limited partnership, headed by George M. Steinbrenner III as its managing general partner, purchases the Yankees from CBS.
Sept. 30, 1973: Ralph Houk resigns as manager.
Apr. 6, 1974: The Yankees begin the first of two seasons at Shea Stadium, playing the first home game outside Yankee Stadium since 1922 (go 90-69 there in 1974-75).
Dec. 31, 1974: Free agent Catfish Hunter signs a then-record five-year contract.
Aug. 1, 1975: Billy Martin replaces Bill Virdon for his first of five stints as manager.
Apr. 15, 1976: Remodeled Yankee Stadium opens with an 11-4 win over Minnesota Twins. The Twins' Dan Ford hits the first home run.
Oct. 14, 1976: Chris Chambliss ninth-inning home run off Mark Littell in Game Five of the ALCS vs. Kansas City gives the Yankees their 30th pennant.
Nov. 29, 1976: Free agent Reggie Jackson signs a five-year contract.
Oct. 18, 1977: Reggie Jackson hits three home runs in Game Six of the World Series vs. the Los Angeles Dodgers at Yankee Stadium.
June 16, 1978: Ron Guidry establishes a franchise record by striking out 18 batters in the Yankees' 4-0 win vs. California at Yankee Stadium.
July 24, 1978: Billy Martin resigns as manager.
July 25, 1978: Bob Lemon is named manager, replacing Billy Martin.
July 29, 1978: On Old Timer's Day, the Yankees announce that Billy Martin will return as Yankee manager in 1980 and Bob Lemon will become general manager.
Oct. 2, 1978: The Yankees, 14 games behind Boston at one point, defeat the Red Sox, 5-4, at Fenway Park in only the second playoff game in AL history. Bucky Dent's homer over the Green Monster completed the comeback, clinching the pennant for the Pinstripes.
June 18, 1979: Billy Martin returns as Yankee manager, replacing Bob Lemon.
Aug. 2, 1979: Yankees Captain Thurman Munson dies in a plane crash in Canton, Ohio, at age 32 (his number "15" is immediately retired).
Dec. 15, 1980: Free agent Dave Winfield signs a then-record 10-year contract.
Sept. 6, 1981: Bob Lemon is named manager for second time, replacing Gene Michael.
Apr. 26, 1982: Gene Michael becomes manager for second time, replacing Bob Lemon.
Aug. 3, 1982: Clyde King is named Yankee manager, replacing Gene Michael.
July 4, 1983: Dave Righetti pitches only the sixth regular-season no-hitter in franchise history and the first since 1951, a 4-0 win vs. the Red Sox at Yankee Stadium.
July 24, 1983: The Yankees and Kansas City play the infamous "Pine Tar" game at Yankee Stadium as George Brett hits a two-out, ninth-inning home run off Goose Gossage to give the Royals an apparent 5-4 lead. The umpires nullify the homer because the pine tar on Brett's bat is above the allowable 18 inches and Brett is called out for using an illegal bat. The Yankees win 4-3 (see Aug 18, 1983).
Aug. 18, 1983: Kansas City's protest is upheld and the "Pine Tar" game concludes with the Royals winning 5-4. When play is resumed, Yankee pitcher Ron Guidry is in center field for the final out of the top of the ninth while lefthanded first baseman Don Mattingly is at second. Royals' reliever Dan Quisenberry retires the Yankees in order in the bottom of the ninth.
Apr. 28, 1985: Billy Martin is named manager for the fourth time, replacing Yogi Berra.
Oct. 17, 1985: Lou Piniella is named manager, replacing Billy Martin.
Dec. 14, 1985: Roger Maris dies at age 51 in Houston, Texas.
July 18, 1987: Don Mattingly homers off Texas' Jose Guzman to tie Dale Long's Major-League record of hitting a home run in eight consecutive games (Mattingly hits 10 home runs during the streak).
Sept. 29, 1987: Don Mattingly hits a grand slam off Boston's Bruce Hurst, setting a Major-League record with six grand slams in a season.
June 23, 1987: Billy Martin is replaced as manager of the Yankees for the fifth and final time. Lou Piniella is named manager for the second time.
Dec. 9, 1987: The Yankees sign a 12-year television contract with Madison Square Garden Network.
Aug. 18, 1989: Bucky Dent replaces Dallas Green as Yankee manager.
Dec. 25: Billy Martin dies in an automobile accident at age 61.
June 6, 1990: Stump Merrill replaces Bucky Dent as Yankee manager.
Aug. 14, 1993: "Reggie Jackson Day," his uniform number (44) is retired.
Sept. 4, 1993: Jim Abbott pitches a 4-0, no-hit win over the Indians at Yankee Stadium.
Aug. 13, 1995: Mickey Mantle dies of cancer at age 63 in Dallas, Texas.
Sept. 6, 1995: Lou Gehrig's Major League record of 2,130 consecutive games played is broken when Baltimore's Cal Ripken, Jr. plays in his 2,131st.
May 14, 1996: Dwight Gooden hurls only the eighth regular-season no-hitter in Yankee history, a 2-0 blanking of the Seattle Mariners at Yankee Stadium.
June 16, 1996: Mel Allen, the legendary "Voice of the Yankees" from 1939-64, dies at age 83 in Greenwich, Connecticut.
Aug. 25, 1996: A monument in honor of Mickey Mantle is unveiled in Yankee Stadium's Monument Park.
Oct. 26, 1996: The championship trophy returned to the Bronx after the Yanks defeat Greg Maddux and the Braves in Game 6 of the World Series. It was their 23rd title and the beginning of a dynasty.
Jan. 22, 1997: Don Mattingly officially announces his retirement at a media conference at Yankee Stadium.
May 17, 1998: David Wells tosses only the 14th regular-season perfect game in baseball history, the first ever by a Yankee.
Sept. 25, 1998: The Yankees establish an American-League record with their 112th win of the season (a 6-1 win vs. Tampa Bay at Yankee Stadium), breaking the mark of 111 by the 1954 Cleveland Indians (they complete the season with an AL record 114th victory on September 27 vs. Tampa Bay).
Oct. 21, 1998: The Yankees complete an incredible season with a four-game sweep of the San Diego Padres in the World Series to capture the franchise's 24th World Championship.Their 3-0 win gives the club a record of 125-50 (114-48 in the regular season, 11-2 in postseason).
Mar. 8, 1999: Joe DiMaggio dies at age 84 in Hollywood, Florida.
Apr. 25, 1999: A monument in honor of Joe DiMaggio is unveiled in Yankee Stadium's Monument Park.
July 18, 1999: On "Yogi Berra Day," David Cone tosses only the 15th regular-season perfect game in baseball history one season after David Wells accomplishes the feat. Coincidentially, Don Larsen--who tossed a perfect game in the 1956 World Series--throws out the ceremonial first pitch.
Sept. 9, 1999: Jim "Catfish" Hunter dies at age 53 in Hertford, North Carolina.
Oct. 27, 1999: The Yankees play Baseball's last game of the century and complete a four-game sweep of the Atlanta Braves to capture their 25th World Championship. The 4-1 win is also the club's 12th straight in World-Series play, tying the record of the 1927, 1928 and 1932 Yankees.
Oct. 26, 2000: Yankees win their 26th World Championship in 5 vs. New York Mets. It was the first "Subway Series" since 1956.
Nov. 4, 2001: In one of the most exciting editions of the World Series, the Diamondbacks beat the Yankees in seven games. Luis Gonzalez lined a Series-winning single off Mariano Rivera in the ninth inning of Game 7.
Dec. 13, 2001: Jason Giambi, the runner-up in the AL MVP balloting, signs a seven-year contract with the Yankees. Giambi's deal includes a club option for an eighth year. More > Oct. 25, 2003 Florida's Josh Beckett pitches the Marlins to a 2-0 win in Game 6 of the World Series, marking the first time since 1981 that New York has been eliminated from the postseason at Yankee Stadium.
May 17, 2002: Jason Giambi hits a 14th-inning walk-off grand slam to lift the Yankees to a 13-12 win over the Minnesota Twins, joining Babe Ruth as the only Yankees in history to hit a walk-off grand slam with New York down by three runs.
Sept. 21, 2002: The Yankees defeat the Detroit Tigers 3-2 at Comerica Park to clinch their fifth straight AL East title. It is New York's sixth title in seven seasons under manager Joe Torre, their 41st overall.
Oct. 5, 2002: The Yankees drop a 9-6 decision to the eventual World Champion Anaheim Angels in Game 4 of the ALDS to lose the series, marking New York's earliest postseason exit since 1980.
June 13, 2003: Roger Clemens became the first pitcher since Nolan Ryan in 1990 to reach the 300 mark. The Rocket also joined another fraternity on that June 13th night at Yankee Stadium, striking out the 4,000th batter of his career. Only Ryan (5,714) and Steve Carlton (4,136) have more strikeouts than Clemens.
Oct. 16, 2003: Aaron Boone, who didn't start the game, led off the bottom of the 11th inning with a home run to left field off Boston knuckleballer Tim Wakefield, delivering the Yankees' 39th American League pennant in Game 7 of the ALCS, propelling the Yanks to the World Series against the Marlins.
Oct. 25, 2003: Florida's Josh Beckett pitches the Marlins to a 2-0 win in Game 6 of the World Series, marking the first time since 1981 that New York has been eliminated from the postseason at Yankee Stadium.
April 11 & 14, 2004: Mike Mussina and Kevin Brown record their 200th victories in back-to-back games, becoming the first teammates in Major League history to do so.
July 1, 2004: Derek Jeter makes a spectacular catch against the Red Sox, diving into the stands. John Flaherty wins the game with an RBI single in the 13th inning, leading New York to a three-game sweep in one of the more memorable regular-season games in the Bronx in years.
Sept. 30, 2004: Bernie Williams launches a walk-off home run against the Twins at Yankee Stadium, clinching the Yankees' seventh consecutive American League East crown, as New York advanced to the playoffs for a 10th consecutive season.
Oct. 20, 2004: After defeating the Twins in a four-game ALDS and taking a 3-0 lead over the Red Sox in the ALCS, the Yankees drop their fourth consecutive game, becoming the first team in baseball history to lose a best-of-seven series after winning the first three games.
Jan. 11, 2005: The trade to bring Randy Johnson to New York becomes official, as the Yankees deal Javier Vazquez, Brad Halsey and Dioner Navarro to Arizona for the five-time Cy Young winner. Johnson would go 17-8 in his first season with the Yankees, though he was roughed up in his one postseason start against the Angels.
April 3, 2005: Johnson and the Yankees defeat the defending World Series champion Red Sox in MLB's season opener.
May 2, 2005: New York shakes up its roster, calling up Robinson Cano to take over the starting second base job from Tony Womack, who moved to center field in place of Bernie Williams. Chien-Ming Wang is also inserted into the rotation around this time, as a youth movement helps the Yankees recover from their 11-19 start.
June 9, 2005: Alex Rodriguez bashes two home runs against the Brewers in Milwaukee, becoming the youngest player in Major League history to reach the 400-homer plateau.
Aug. 30, 2005: A-Rod hits his 40th homer of the season, becoming the first Yankees right-handed hitter since Joe DiMaggio in 1937 to reach that mark. A-Rod went on to hit 48 homers and drive in 130 runs, earning his second career AL MVP award.
Oct. 1, 2005: In the 161st game of the season, the Yankees defeat the Red Sox at Fenway Park to clinch their eighth consecutive AL East crown.
Dec. 23, 2005: The Yankees make a move to bolster their own lineup while hurting the rival Red Sox, as they sign center fielder Johnny Damon to a four-year, $52 million contract -- the same contract they gave to Hideki Matsui just a month earlier.
2006: The Yankees won their ninth consecutive AL East title in 2006, finishing with a record of 97-65, their sixth straight year with 95 or more victories. New York boasted four All-Star selections Derek Jeter, Alex Rodriguez, Mariano Rivera and Robinson Cano and their powerhouse offense led the Major Leagues with 930 runs scored before an early playoff exit in the Division Series at Detroit.
2007: The Yankees secured the American League Wild Card with a record of 94-68, running their playoff streak to 13 consecutive seasons 12 under manager Joe Torre. It wasn't all smooth sailing, however: the Yankees were a season-low eight games under .500 on May 29 but went 73-39 down the stretch, leading the Majors in wins and winning percentage. Led by American League MVP Alex Rodriguez, who led the circuit with 54 home runs, 156 RBIs, 143 runs and 376 total bases, New York's 968 runs led the Majors and were the most scored by a big league team since 2000, even as the Yankees used an AL-high 28 pitchers. A-Rod, Derek Jeter and Jorge Posada represented the Yankees in the All-Star Game, Chien-Ming Wang led the staff with 19 runs and Joba Chamberlain emerged as a late-season phenom before the Yankees fell in four games to the Indians in the AL Division Series.
2008: Under new manager Joe Girardi for the final season at Yankee Stadium, the Yankees' run of postseason success came to a halt, ending a string of 13 consecutive campaigns with at least a playoff appearance. Yankee Stadium hosted the All-Star Game in July, but the Yankees' own season was held back by injuries and inconsistency, managing 89 wins for third place in the AL East. The big bats of Jorge Posada, Hideki Matsui and Alex Rodriguez were slowed, while Robinson Cano and Melky Cabrera both regressed. But it was the pitching that hurt most Chien-Ming Wang, 8-2 at the time, was lost to a foot injury in June, and the Yankees were forced to look elsewhere as prospects Phil Hughes and Ian Kennedy finished winless. Mariano Rivera converted 39 of 40 save opportunities and Mike Mussina logged 20 wins for the first and last time in his big league career. Ready to look ahead, the home slate finished with an emotional sendoff in the Bronx on Sept. 21, with Derek Jeter taking the microphone behind the mound and promising to help bring the memories across the street for the new Yankee Stadium in 2009.
April 3-4, 2009: The Yankees play their first exhibition games in the current Yankee Stadium, defeating the Chicago Cubs, 7-4 and 10-1, respectively. Chien-Ming Wang tosses the first pitch in the April 3 contest.
April 16, 2009: The Yankees play the first regular season game in Yankee Stadium history, falling to Cleveland, 10-2, and snapping their all-time record 11-game home-opener winning streak. CC Sabathia tosses the Stadium's first official pitch, Johnny Damon records the first hit (first-inning single off Cliff Lee) and Jorge Posada hits the first home run (fifth-inning off Lee).
May 14 - June 1, 2009: The Yankees set an all-time Major League mark with 18 consecutive errorless games, safely handling 660 chances over the stretch.
Sept. 11, 2009: Derek Jeter breaks Lou Gehrig's all-time franchise mark of 2,721 hits with a single off Baltimore's Chris Tillman at Yankee Stadium. Gehrig had held the mark since 9/6/37.
Oct. 4, 2009: Alex Rodriguez hits a three-run home run and a grand slam in the sixth-inning of the season finale at Tampa Bay, setting an all-time AL mark with 7RBI in an inning.
Nov. 4, 2009: The Yankees win their 27th World Championship, defeating Philadelphia in Game 6 of the World Series, 7-3. Hideki Matsui ties Bobby Richardson's all-time World Series mark (1960 Game 3 vs. Pittsburgh) with 6RBI. Andy Pettitte records the win, becoming the first pitcher to start and record the win in the clinching game in all three rounds of a single postseason. Manager Joe Girardi joins Billy Martin and Ralph Houk as the only individuals in franchise history to win a World Series with the Yankees as a player and as a manger.
2010: A 28th World Series title proved to be elusive for the Yankees in 2010, a season marked by the loss of iconic principal owner George M. Steinbrenner III, longtime public-address announcer Bob Sheppard and former manager/catcher Ralph Houk. Fueled by a breakout season from Robinson Cano, who placed third in the American League MVP race, the Yankees won 95 games and grabbed the AL Wild Card spot, entering the playoffs for the 15th time in 16 years. A first-round matchup with the Twins again proved fortuitous for the Yankees, who coasted to a three-game sweep, extending their string of consecutive postseason wins over Minnesota to nine. The Texas Rangers were too strong to subdue in the AL Championship Series, however, riding the bat of ALCS MVP Josh Hamilton and the left arm of ace Cliff Lee to a decisive six-game series win over the Bronx Bombers. Not lost in the disappointment of the Yankees' postseason demise was another regular season featuring a collection of standout performances by a number of stars, including Alex Rodriguez, who became the youngest player in Major League history to hit 600 home runs when he went deep off the Blue Jays' Shaun Marcum on Aug. 4. The 2010 season was the 13th in a row in which Rodriguez recorded at least 30 home runs and 100 RBIs. On the mound, closer Mariano Rivera again defied logic by posting a 1.80 ERA and recording 33 saves at the age of 40. Ace CC Sabathia became a 20-game winner for the first time and struck out 197 batters for the second time in as many seasons, helping make up for the disappointing seasons posted by A.J. Burnett (5.26 ERA) and Javier Vazquez (5.32 ERA). Despite losing out on star free agents Lee and Carl Crawford after the season, the Yankees worked out a two-year contract with Rivera and fought through a somewhat tense negotiating period to re-sign captain Derek Jeter to a three-year deal.
2011: The Yankees completed the regular season with an American League-best 97 victories, but their season ended abruptly with a first-round playoff exit, suffering a five-game defeat to the Detroit Tigers. The campaign was made memorable by several individual milestones, including Derek Jeter's 3,000th hit on July 9, a home run off the Tampa Bay Rays' David Price. Mariano Rivera set the new Major League record for career saves with his 602nd on Sept. 19 against the Minnesota Twins, and on Aug. 25, the Yankees became the first team in history to hit three grand slams in a game as Robinson Cano, Russell Martin and Curtis Granderson went deep. New York overcame a rash of injuries to several key players, including Jeter and Alex Rodriguez, to secure their 16th postseason appearance in the last 17 years, helped greatly by MVP-caliber campaigns from Cano and Granderson. They led the Majors with 222 home runs, finished second with 867 runs scored and, behind ace CC Sabathia, enjoyed a breakout 16-win season from rookie Ivan Nova. Veteran starters Bartolo Colon and Freddy Garcia made resurgent showings after making the team in Spring Training, and New York's relievers combined for an AL-best 3.12 ERA, with David Robertson (1.08 ERA) performing exceptionally well in a setup role.
2012: The Yankees clinched the American League East for the 13th time in the last 17 seasons, riding a 95-win campaign to defeat the Orioles in a five-game AL Division Series before being swept by the Tigers in the AL Championship Series. CC Sabathia, Hiroki Kuroda and Phil Hughes each topped the 15-win mark, while New York led the Majors with 245 home runs, paced by Curtis Granderson's 43. Derek Jeter led the Majors with 216 hits, Robinson Cano hit a career-high 33 homers and Rafael Soriano secured 42 saves in place of Mariano Rivera, who suffered a season-ending knee injury in May.
2013: The Yankees missed the playoffs for just the second time in the last 19 years, finishing third in the American League East with an 85-77 record, their 21st consecutive winning season. Preparing for the retirements of 'Core Four' members Mariano Rivera and Andy Pettitte, the club used a franchise-record 56 players, 28 of whom made their Yankees debuts. Rivera recorded 44 saves while fellow All-Star Robinson Cano led the team with a .314 average, 27 homers and 107 RBIs, securing his fourth consecutive Silver Slugger Award. Despite injuries to numerous stars, the Yankees were in first place as late as May 26 and remained in the postseason chase until mid-September. The club was sparked by the acquisition of Alfonso Soriano, who led the Majors with 17 homers and 50 RBIs from July 26 through the end of the season. That power was welcome as the Yankees had 75 games without hitting a home run, having just 31 such games in 2012. New York had a .988 fielding percentage, including turning a triple play on April 12 vs. Baltimore. Joe Girardi won his 557th game as Yankees manager on Sept. 11, surpassing Billy Martin for sixth place on the club's all-time list. Ichiro Suzuki logged his 4,000th career hit between the Majors and Japan on Aug. 21 vs. Toronto.
2014: The Yankees posted 84 wins and finished second in the American League East, posting their 22nd straight winning record but missing the playoffs for just the third time in the last 20 seasons. Derek Jeter played his 20th and final big league season, representing the club as an All-Star along with Masahiro Tanaka and Dellin Betances, the latter of whom finished third in the AL Rookie of the Year voting and recorded 135 strikeouts to shatter Mariano Rivera's 1996 club mark for a reliever. Tanaka led the Yankees in wins (13) and complete games (3) despite losing two months to injury. David Robertson converted 39 of 44 save opportunities after taking over Rivera's old role. Tino Martinez, Rich "Goose" Gossage, Paul O'Neill and Joe Torre were all honored in Monument Park, with Torre's No. 6 retired. Jacoby Ellsbury posted a 17-game hitting streak from May 26-June 13, the team's longest since Jeter had a 19-game mark in 2012. New York turned the 24th triple play in franchise history on April 17 at Tampa Bay (Yangervis Solarte to Brian Roberts to Scott Sizemore), and Brett Gardner hit the 15,000th home run in franchise history on Sept. 21. Racked by injuries, the Yankees called on the services of 58 different players, setting a franchise record.
2015: The Yankees returned to postseason play, falling to the Astros in the Wild Card game after an 87-win campaign that saw them finish second in the American League East. New York became the first AL club to reach 10,000 victories on Oct. 1, a win that clinched a playoff berth. Yankees batters returned to power, scoring 764 runs and hitting 212 homers, their highest totals in both categories since 2012. Silver Slugger Award winner Brian McCann led the club in RBIs (94), while Yankees relievers set a new single-season Major League record with 596 strikeouts, paced by Dellin Betances (131) and Andrew Miller (100). Alex Rodriguez enjoyed a solid season after being suspended for all of 2014, recording his 3,000th career hit on June 19 with a home run off the Tigers' Justin Verlander, one of 33 on the season. Mark Teixeira hit 31 homers before his season was cut short by injury, while the Yankees enjoyed encouraging big league debuts from rookies Greg Bird and Luis Severino. The Yankees retired the uniform numbers of Bernie Williams (51), Jorge Posada (20) and Andy Pettitte (46), while unveiling Monument Park plaques for Willie Randolph and Mel Stottlemyre.
2016: With an 84-78 record, the Yankees posted their 24th consecutive season with a winning record (1993-2016), the second-longest stretch in Major League history behind only the Yankees' own streak of 39 winning seasons from 1926-64. After digging an early hole with a 9-17 April, the Yanks fought until June 10 to get over the .500 mark and were prompted to make a hard pivot in late July, dealing veterans like Andrew Miller, Aroldis Chapman and Carlos Beltran in an attempt to replenish the farm system. That created room for promising talent like power-hitting catcher Gary Sanchez, who tied an 86-year-old record set by Wally Berger of the 1930 Braves by reaching 20 home runs in his 51st career game. The only other Yankees to ever hit 20 home runs between Aug. 10 and the end of any season were Babe Ruth (1927) and Roger Maris (1961). Though the Yankees missed the playoffs for the third time in four years, finishing fourth in the American League East, they posted a 48-33 (.593) mark at home and were 40-34 after the All-Star break. Beltran was the team's best hitter before being traded to the Rangers, Didi Gregorius continued to develop into one of the club's best all-around players, and newcomer Starlin Castro adapted nicely to second base. Chase Headley recovered from a brutal start, hitting with consistency after the sixth week of the season. Alex Rodriguez hit just nine homers before playing his final game on Aug. 12, leaving him with 696 for his career, fourth all-time. Rookies Tyler Austin and Aaron Judge made history on Aug. 13, becoming the first players ever to homer back-to-back in their first at-bats. Mark Teixeira became the fifth switch-hitter in history to reach 400 home runs, finishing his career with 409. Masahiro Tanaka filled the ace role, logging a career-high 14 victories while working 199 2/3 innings. CC Sabathia had a resurgent campaign, posting his lowest ERA (3.91) since 2012 while improving his expanded repertoire. Michael Pineda had a baffling season, striking out a career-high 207 in 175 2/3 innings while finishing 6-12 with a 4.82 ERA. The vaunted relief trio of Chapman, Miller and Betances christened "No Runs DMC" - was as good as advertised; the Yanks were 19-2 when all three pitched, combining for a 1.36 ERA and 13.70 strikeouts per nine innings in those games. Betances led Major League relievers in strikeouts (126) for the third consecutive season, helping Yankees pitchers set a franchise record with 1,393 strikeouts.


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Asking Shift In U.S.-Kigali Relations, Powerful Congressman Condemns Rwanda 'Political Dysfunction And Repression'
No aces left? Pressure piling up on Gen. Kagame
Says Left Unpunished Will 'Embolden' Kigali Regime
Congressman Ed Royce (R-CA), Chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, has written a sharply-worded letter to Secretary of State John Kerry calling for a re-evaluation of U.S. relations with Rwanda given the recent attacks on regime critics outside the country.
The Congressman says the U.S. shouldn't again miss the "signs of political dysfunction and repression" that led to the "genocide in Rwanda" in 1994 and called for reassessment of aid to the Gen. Paul Kagame regime.
He deplored the killing of exiled former Rwanda spy-chief Patrick Karegeya and the three attempts on the life of Gen. Faustin Kayumba Nyamwasa, in South Africa.
Rep. Royce condemned statements by President Kagame following the killings.
He said, "Allowing President Kagame's violent rhetoric and the slaying of dissidents abroad to go unchecked will only embolden the regime."
The letter to Secretary Kerry, dated March 11 reads:
I am writing to express my deep concern over the numerous attempted attacks and killings of Rwandan dissidents living outside that country. Any functioning and responsible democracy allows the voices of opposition to be heard. Yet in Rwanda there is a systematic effort to silence - by any means necessary - the voices of those who question the regime in Kigali.
As you know, Patrick Karegeya, a prominent Rwandan opposition figure and former high ranking government official, was killed in South Africa earlier this year. Last week, armed gunmen attacked the home of another popular Rwandan opposition figure in South Africa, Faustin Kayumba Nyamwasa.
This latest attack marks the third assassination attempt against Kayumba in recent years, and has led to the expulsion of Rwandan diplomats from South Africa. Paul Ruseabagina, the well-known Rwandan humanitarian and anti-genocide activist, has told me of attempts to intimidate and threaten him. Karegya's murder and the numerous assassination attempts on Kayumba are just the most recent examples of the many Rwandan dissidents who have been killed, exiled, tortured, and unjustly imprisoned over the years.
Rather than condemning targeted attacks against popular opposition figures, President Paul Kagame publicly celebrates them, many times falling just short of taking personal credit. Even while denying accusations of official involvement in the Karegeya assassination, President Kagame told the press, "I actually wish Rwanda did it. I really wish it." Consistently in public remarks, President Kagame indicates that there will be "consequences" for those who question his authority. During an official visit to Rwanda by Maina Kiai, a U.N. Special Rapporteur tasked with examining a country's freedom of peaceful assembly, found that "peaceful public disagreement with the [Rwandan] government is equivalent to criminality."
I appreciate the State Department condemnation of President Kagame's remarks and expressions of concern about the "succession" of politically motivated murders of prominent Rwandan exiles. Yet, President Kagame's actions are louder than our words. Legitimate opposition figures rightly fear for their lives. Allowing President Kagame's violent rhetoric and the slaying of dissidents abroad to go unchecked will only embolden the regime. Toward that end, I encourage you to closely reevaluate U.S. engagements with Rwanda and take into account these troubling actions when considering future assistance.
While I am cognizant of the strategic role Rwanda's security forces play in peacekeeping missions throughout the continent, this should not blind us to the regime's attempts to violently close the political space for opposition voices.
As we prepare to mark the twenty year anniversary of the genocide in Rwanda – which claimed the lives of over 800,000 people in just three months and sparked a regional conflict that has yet to be resolved – the friends of Rwanda must ensure that we do not, once again, miss the warning signs of political dysfunction and repression. I appreciate your attention to this matter and look forward to working with you to ensure that Rwandan dissidents can speak freely without fear for their lives.
Latest comments
- Ann GarrisonFebruary 22,2018 @ 08:03 PM
I think you have "Filtered HTML" turned on here. If you switch to "Full HTML," it will probably...
googletag.pubads().definePassback('6785150/BENN/BlackStarNews', [[300,250]]).setTargeting('fold',['BTF']).display();

subset: commoncrawl


text:
New texts:
- Frank-Walter Steinmeier: No to antisemitism! No to hatred! Article
- Mohammad Al-Issa and David Harris: How Auschwitz Has United Muslims and Jews. Article
- Lisa Palmieri-Billig: Abrahamic Faiths called to cooperate for peace. Report
- Anti-Defamation League (ADL): Anti-Semitic Stereotypes Persist in America, Survey Shows. Report
- Abraham Geiger College: Launch of Encyclopedia of Jewish-Christian Relations (EJCR) Online Database.Report
- Abraham Geiger College: Director of the Passion Play in Oberammergau is honored for his work against anti-Semitism. Report
- Council of Bishops' Conferences of Europe (CCEE): No to anti-Semitism and political manipulation of the truth. Statement
- Pope Francis : Once more I firmly condemn every form of antisemitism. Statement
- Raphael Jospe: Anti-Eschatology: Maimonides on the Messianic Era and the World to Come. Article
- Philip A. Cunningham: Has the Way Christians See Themselves Been Affected by Their New Relationship with Jews? Article
- JCR: Obituaries for Martin Stöhr. Report
- Anette Adelmann: ICCJ 2020 Conference: Stories We Live By. Report
- United States Conference of Catholic Bishops : U.S. Bishops Chairman on Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs on Antisemitism. Report
- JCR: Confronting Difficult Issues around Religion and the Holocaust. Report
- Religions for Peace: Religions for Peace, a Coalition of Millions of Believers, Sets Global Peace Priorities. Report
- Simon J. Joseph: How the Jewish Writings between the Old and New Testament Help Us Understand Jesus. Book review
- Alan Berger: New Clothing, Old Hatred: Changes and Transformations of Antisemitism. Article
- Ron Kronish: Can the Descendants of Isaac and Ishmael learn to live together? Article
- Church of England: Church of England teaching document calls for repentance over role of Christians in centuries of antisemitism. Report
- Council of Christians and Jews (CCJ): CCJ Statement on 'God's Unfailing Word'. Report
- Board of Deputies of British Jews:Board of Deputies of British Jews launches updated Jewish Manifesto ahead of General Election. Report
- JCR: Germany: Hetty Berg Named New Director of the Jewish Museum in Berlin. Report
- Church of England: God's Unfailing Word. Theological and Practical Perspectives on Christian–Jewish Relations. Statement


text: There are 2 Spring Farm Shop listings around Crimond, Aberdeenshire on BigBarn. Farm Shops can be small shops on a farm offering fresh home grown meat and produce from the farm to massive out of town shops with no farm attached. We prefer the former and love to see them undercutting supermarket prices by avoiding middle men margins yet selling fresher, better food. We hope many Farm shops will team up with schools and join our Crop For the Shop scheme to encourage local people to grow or produce great food to be sold through the shop, all helping build a more resilient and sustainable local food supply chain. If you feel there is one missing then please email [email protected]


text: Chris Campbell 1,224 Report post Posted April 24, 2013 Question for the teachers out there .... Can creativity be taught? I believe you can teach someone to use / trust their creative instincts. But can someone who is not creative be taught to be? Or, are we all creative and just need permission to let go? Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


text:
Ep 2: Saddam Hussein | Prologue
Clip: Episode 2 | 3m 5s
Learn how Saddam Hussein ruled Iraq with an iron fist for almost 30 years. To maintain power, he used fear, intimidation and violence like few other dictators in history, but he made the fatal mistake of believing his regime could take on the world.
Aired: 01/16/19Video has closed captioning.
Buy Now:
Problems Playing Video?
A Cream Production in association with Twin Cities Public Television, Inc. and PBS.


text:
SOHO Summit Shines Spotlight on Homebased Business Owners
This story appears in the July 2000 issue of HomeOfficeMag.com. Subscribe »
Corporate America, take note: Some of you just don't get the SOHO experience.
Today's SOHO workers strive to be professional corporate citizens, using technology and tools that mimic those they once used in the corporate tower. Heed their words: Your product offerings and customer support often don't deliver the human contact, expertise and speed needed to help homebased business owners who are overwhelmed, understaffed and generally stretched way too thin.
Customer service is iffy, often linked to voice-mail hell. Tech support? Don't make them laugh. They don't have the time to deal with that. Homebased business owners need software that helps them operate faster and more efficiently, computers and other tools that help them multitask, and customer service representatives who are trained to anticipate and service the specific needs of the homebased worker.
Serving these very specific needs for individual customers "may be unrealistic and seem over-demanding, and the economics may not make sense, but it's what we need," Julie Morgenstern, a long-time at-home worker and author of Organizing from the Inside Out, (Owl Books, $15) told 200 attendees at the recent SOHO Summit in Carlsbad, California. "If I, as a small business, can come across as a big business, that's going to help me thrive. I need vendors who get it and feel excited to be a part of our team. Our strength gets us through it, but we need your expertise."
Guess what, corporate denizens? Morgenstern isn't alone.
Soho Summit: A Meeting of Unlike Minds
Corporate marketers converged on Carlsbad, California, by the hundreds in early June to catch a better glimpse of this emerging--and puzzling--consumer group. The SOHO Summit is an annual conference designed to introduce companies to the SOHO movement.
For companies targeting an audience estimated at upwards of 26 million--if you include entrepreneurs and corporate employees who telework from home several days each month--it's an enigmatic group, said Terri Lonier, a principal with Working Solo Inc., the New Paltz, New York-based company that stages the Summit.
In fact, Lonier created the Summit for exactly that reason: to add clarity to a market that's huge but hard to understand. "For companies, the big take-away [from the Summit] is the clarification that they need to get inside the minds of at-home workers," she says. "For a lot of people, that's a big leap."
It's not easy. What this group has in buying power--$100 billion, according to IDC Research--it lacks in cohesion and unity. One called it a group of 26 million unique individuals.
With a new small business launching every 30 seconds and many at-home workers and teleworkers leaving the home office to return to the corporate workplace, Ray Boggs, vice president and lead researcher for IDC's SOHO team, calls it "a moving target." But with two million more people joining the ranks each year and more than 25 percent of U.S. homes sporting home offices, the dynamics are changing, Boggs says. Any consumer goods company with an office-oriented product can't afford not to be here. "This really gets into the mass market, true consumer kind of opportunity," he says.
It's an opportunity for the taking. Morgenstern admits she--like many small- and homebased business owners--are loyal to those companies that are loyal to them. It all starts with an understanding between the two. Know the audience--how they think, where they're going and what they need to get there--and then provide it to them, says Casey Hughes, a consultant with SmallOffice.com.
It's important for corporations targeting the SOHO set to build camaraderie and community between themselves and the home officer, Hughes says. How do the best companies open this door of opportunity? "Ask," says Hughes. Some of the best dialogues start--and continue--with two-way communications. Use comment forms on Web sites, electronic newsletters that solicit feedback, and customer service departments staffed by reps who really care and are given the right information to respond to callers' questions. "With the SOHO market, the conversation is the medium," Hughes says. "Engaging them in conversation creates a new channel of distribution."
Jay Conrad Levinson, author of the Guerrilla Marketing book series, agrees. Corporations often have unrealistic expectations when it comes to marketing to an audience as large and diverse as the home office set, he says. Marketers need to show commitment to their target audience. They need to create the right messages and measure how well their products and messages are received emotionally by the customer. They need to engage their customers in more dialogue to gauge what they need in products and services.
Between 70 and 80 percent of repeat business is lost because there's no follow-up, Levinson says. Companies need to convince small businesses that they're committed to providing the products and services they need to be profitable. "What makes marketing work? Commitment," explains Levinson. "[Successful marketers are] willing to show what commitment can do."
Partnering to Serve You Better
One of Lonier's admitted goals at the Summit was to help the corporations in attendance build their "golden Rolodex," a list of new allies with whom they could partner in strategic alliances to better corner this space. Many were there to do just that.
Ravi Agarwal, founder and chairman of small-business e-commerce provider BizLand.com, was at the Summit to network. Consider his core audience: 50 percent of his customer base has fewer than five employees. He was in Carlsbad to discover like-minded companies looking to successfully serve the home office set. "We want to see who else is in this space," he says.
So does Anthony Segil, director of business development with ePolicy.com, an online insurance provider. Most of his company's new business is coming from homebased business owners. It's important, Segil says, to learn more about this audience, and possibly pick up some tips from and develop some synergies with those who are successfully targeting the at-home worker.
The home office market is fragmented and hard to target, he said. Partnerships could help build a more cohesive message. Maybe he could find a partner to build a virtual community, where homebased officers' commonalties, needs and insights could be shared. Segil reports that it's that lack of homogeneousness that throws his marketing people. He admits, "Whoever's bright enough to figure that out wins."
Summing Up the Summit
It's Tuesday afternoon. Lonier is sitting in the conference room, empty but for her staff and hotel crew breaking down the equipment. Already planning the June 2001 event to be held in Colorado Springs, Colorado, Lonier was looking back on the success of this year's event. More than 200 marketers gathered to share insights and ideas, and build that golden Rolodex that could create relationships to better help them target the elusive homebased business owner.
More than anything else, Lonier's helped deepen the dialogue between the home officer and the corporate marketer who seeks to work with them, she says. If the software makers, service providers and e-commerce companies can get inside the heads of at-home workers, they could make customers--no, partners--for life.
"For a lot of people, that's a big leap," Lonier surmises, knowing that many corporate marketing executives--especially those who didn't attend the event--don't know what they're missing in the SOHO market. "It really isn't the size of the office space. It's the size of the vision."
Morgenstern agrees. Please her, and you please her ever-widening circle of comrades, from clients to fellow homebased officers to other vendors whom she works with and talks to.
"[When you] service a small business, you're serving all the clients that that small business comes in contact with," she says. "People who take the time to understand what our business is about, share their expertise, respond quickly and feel excited about becoming a part of my team will be my partners."
Journalist and author Jeffery D. Zbar has worked from home since the 1980s. He writes about home business, teleworking, marketing, communications and other SOHO issues.


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Wyoming hoops coach Shyatt on grabbing Boulder's Grabau
The way new Wyoming coach Larry Shyatt looks at the big picture, the Cowboys were by no means late to the recruiting dance.
"A lot of people make that we were late," Shyatt said Thursday on a conference call. "We were early, everyone else is late."
Thursday's haul included all-classification Colorado Basketball Player of the year Riley Grabau of Class 5A runner-up Boulder High School. The 6-2 guard averaged 20.8 points, 4.6 assists, 2.1 steals while shooting better than 40 percent behind the arc.
On the same conference call, Grabau said "I love starting at ground zero and start to build it up."
He said he heard from all the schools in Colorado — with a walk-on invitation from hometown Buffs. Grabau was in more serious scholarship talks with Western Kentucky, Evansville, Utah Valley State, Idaho State (where his brother played) and Northeastern.
Shyatt said the night he arrived in Laramie from his lengthy stint as a Florida assistant, he and assistant Scott Duncan started focusing on old contacts in Colorado and the available pool. Wyoming already signed George Washington's Tyrone Marshall.
During his short previous stay in Wyoming in 1998, Shyatt said Wyoming drew a number of Colorado high schools for summer team camps and he hoped to continue that pipeline.
Shyatt recruited up a storm when he was hired by Wyoming in the spring of 1997 and served as the foundation for Steve McClain's early success.
Also signing Thursday were Derrious Gilmore, a 5-9 junior college transfer guard who learned his game in Baltimore; and Lekan Ajayi, listed as 6-11 but Shyatt said he was closer to 6-9.
Regardless, the Nigerian native drew SEC and ACC interest and was ranked the No. 24 center in the country by ESPN.com.
While Shyatt is determined to restore the program in Laramie, no one should feel too badly for fired predecessor Heath Schroyer. He just landed on his feet with the new UNLV staff.


text:
For a healthy alternative to the old favorite, try this re-invented lasagna made with ground turkey.
Preparation Time: 1 hr
Cooking Time: 2 hrs
In a large skillet, brown ground turkey; drain fat. Add spaghetti sauce. Bring to a boil, then let stand.
In a mixing bowl combine ricotta cheese and eggs; beat. Set aside.
Preheat oven to 350ºF.
In a pan bring 4 quarts of water to a boil. Add the lasagna and boil 9 to 11 minutes, until desired tenderness. Drain lasagna. Carefully separate noodles and lay them out on a platter.
In a large baking dish (9" x 13" desired), layer as follows: meat sauce, noodles, cheese-egg mixture. Repeat layers in that order until egg-cheese mixture is used up. Top with remaining sauce. Sprinkle parmesan cheese over the sauce. Add mozzarella cheese layer and provolone cheese layer.
Place in preheated oven and bake 45 minutes or until top is golden brown.
If using regular spaghetti sauce, sodium is 1029 mg per serving (note: various brands' sodium content may vary).
Prepare sauce a day in advance. The day of, boil the noodles, assemble the dish, and bake 45 minutes.


text:
5 responses on "Editing your existing list of links"
David Aston
June 27, 2009 at 4:05 pm |
Thanks for your videos.
I think that may be more helpful if you
actually show what you are describing rather
than just show them so quickly at the end of the video.
David Aston
February 1, 2010 at 10:31 pm |
Thanks for your very useful video.
February 17, 2011 at 11:37 am |
Thank you! So much easier to understand when someone explains it visually.
December 15, 2012 at 3:25 am |
I have several categories of links; the lists are taking up too much space. Can I put my links in a dropdown menu?


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Friedrich Hayek
Friedrich August Von Hayek (1899-1992) was a Nobel Prize winning economist and one of the most prominent members of the Austrian School of Economics, a libertarian economic theory. Hayek emphasized our limited knowledge of the markets (and other subjects), and thus our need for the price mechanism to communicate essential information about supply and demand. His theories are that no centralized planner or government can manage the economy and that the free market is the most efficient known allocator of resources.
Hayek was born in Vienna (Austria), which was then the capital of Austria-Hungary. As a teenager he studied biology, philosophy and ethics, before joining the Austrian Army aged 18 and becoming one of the pioneers of airborne artillery observation during World War I. After the war he earned doctorates in law and political science. He moved to London in 1931 to be a professor at the London School of Economics. When Austria became part of Nazi Germany following the 1938 Anschluss Hayek refused to return there, and became a British subject.
His most famous popular book is The Road To Serfdom (1944). Where in he discusses the collapse of essential freedoms in the face of economic manipulation at the hands of well meaning government actors. His most influential work among economists however is his 1935 academic papers "The Nature and History of the Problem" and "The Present State of the Debate," on the total inability of socialism to coordinate and allocate resources due to their lack of price signals, an effect that lead to the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union. Many of these ideas were developed in conjunction with his friend and mentor Ludwig von Mises[1].
Hayek was one of the most vocal and respected contemporary critics of the liberal and now widely discredited economist John Maynard Keynes.
Hayek has been compared to the philosopher David Hume with respect to his insistence that we should be "sensible of our ignorance."
- Birner, Hack, and Rudy van Zijp, eds., Hayek: Co-ordination and Evolution: His legacy in philosophy, politics, economics and the history of ideas (1994)
- Brittan, Samuel "Hayek, Friedrich August (1899–1992)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, (2006) online
- Caldwell, Bruce, 2005. Hayek's Challenge: An Intellectual Biography of F.A. Hayek.
- Doherty, Brian. 2007. Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement
- Ebenstein, Alan O., 2001. Friedrich Hayek: A Biography. excerpt and text search
- Frowen, S. ed., (1997) Hayek: economist and social philosopher
- Gamble, Andrew. (1996) The Iron Cage of Liberty, an analysis of Hayek's ideas
- Gray, John, 1998. Hayek on Liberty.
- Horwitz, Steven. "Friedrich Hayek, Austrian Economist." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 2005 27(1): 71-85. Issn: 1042-7716 Fulltext: in Swetswise, Ingenta and Ebsco
- Kasper, Sherryl, 2002, The Revival of Laissez-Faire in American Macroeconomic Theory: A Case Study of Its Pioneers. Chpt. 4.
- Kley, Roland, 1994. Hayek's Social and Political Thought. Oxford Univ. Press.
- Samuelson, Richard A. "Reaction to the Road to Serfdom." Modern Age 1999 41(4): 309-317. Fulltext online
- Vernon, Richard. "The 'Great Society' and the 'Open Society': Liberalism in Hayek and Popper." Canadian Journal of Political Science 1976 9(2): 261-276. Issn: 0008-4239 Fulltext: in Jstor
Primary sources
- Hayek, Friedrich. Hayek on Hayek: an autobiographical dialogue, ed. S. Kresge and L. Wenar (1994)
- Hayek, Friedrich. The collected works of F. A. Hayek, ed. W. W. Bartley and others (1988–)


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Social Worker Says "I'll be Back!" Attorney Says "Make My Day"
Staff Attorney Mike Donnelly answers questions and assists members regarding legal issues in Minnesota. He and his wife homeschool. Watch a video to hear Donnelly explain why he loves helping families rescue their children from public schools. You can friend him on Facebook by adding mpdonnelly2 to your friends list.
Homeschoolers are often well aware of their Fourth Amendment protections and know that social workers do not have a right to inspect their homes without a search warrant. But what happens when you are away from home and the social worker gets invited in? When Mrs. P. came home from errands one Monday afternoon, she found that a social worker and public health official had visited while she was away.
Mrs. P's mother was watching the home and thought that the government workers were friends of the family, so she invited them inside. The social worker and health official inspected the kitchen and asked about an alleged rat infestation. By the time Mrs. P. returned, the inspectors had gone, leaving a business card and an ominous-sounding warning that "they would be back."
Right to Privacy
Absent a search warrant, consent or valid emergency, social workers have no right to enter the home without consent, and families have a Fourth Amendment right to maintain the privacy of their home. In most cases, there is no need for a social worker to inspect a home in order to close an investigation.
HSLDA recommends that families get the specific and complete list of allegations and consult an attorney before allowing a social worker inside their home. If you are an HSLDA member, and there is a social worker at your door, you have access to our attorneys at any time for advice and consultation.
Mrs. P. contacted HSLDA the next morning and spoke with HSLDA attorney for Minnesota member affairs Mike Donnelly. After speaking with Mrs. P., Donnelly was able to advise her how to approach the social worker. Social workers often employ a standard procedure to justify continuing an investigation beyond the scope of the original allegations.
Good News
However, later that afternoon, Mrs. P. called back with the good news. "I took your advice—everything was resolved!" she said. "I really appreciated being able to call and feel like I had somebody who knew what was going on and knew what I should do. Thank you!"
HSLDA is pleased to help members like the P. family resolve situations like this—even when homeschooling is not the precise issue. As a member of HSLDA Mrs. P. enjoys peace of mind and confidence, knowing that she has experienced attorneys who understand homeschoolers and are willing and able to stand alongside her.
Are you a member of HSLDA? If not, you can enjoy this same confidence and peace of mind. Learn more about the benefits an HSLDA membership can bring to your family. Join now >>
HSLDA Social Services Contact Policy
We desire to advise our members in every contact with a social worker and/or police officer in investigations resulting from allegations of abuse or neglect. If homeschooling is an issue, we will represent our member families until the issue is resolved. On Fourth Amendment unreasonable search and seizure issues, HSLDA will advise our members whenever the privacy of their home is violated by forced or coerced entry for the purpose of an unsubstantiated investigation. HSLDA membership benefits do not extend to court actions resulting from non-homeschooling matters. However, in circumstances where there is a clear violation of the Fourth Amendment, HSLDA may, as we have done in the past, choose to take the case in an effort to establish legal precedent.


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Minecraft is going places; its developers are working on mobile versions and now creator Markus Persson (aka Notch) says that in the future console versions with trophies and achievements will be developed. All this before the real game has officially been released. He also says that he is surprised (O RLY, Notch?) at the amount of interest his game has sustained even after the price increase (or, should we say decreased discount on the original price) when the game shifted from the alpha version to the beta version.
The Java based sandbox game has developed such a huge following online. Many such Minecraft communities have put their minds together to develop mods (changing the game's source code to allow for new kinds of gameplay a shortening of the word modification) and texture packs (skins) for the game's graphics. Persson, who is quite delighted with the creativity of these mods, one day hopes that his game's modding community achieves the prominence of the Half-Life 2 modding scene that is quite popular.
Console games, on the other hand, have specific achievementsor trophies(badges for doing certain things within the game that allow for bragging rights). Persson likes achievements. So much so that he believes that in the future he might work on an Xbox version with trophies and some specific goals within the game. In an interview with Gamasutra he says that achievements can serve the dual purpose of being badges of accomplishments as well as goals towards which players work:-
Well, it could converge into a big task, like kill a dragon or something, which would put a kind of narrative into the achievement tree.
With all these elements at work, it would be hard to ignore the force of Minecraft as a franchise on the PC as well as the consoles.


text:
Using CVS (deprecated)
Important note
We recently converted the website content repository from CVS to git. This page is here for historical interest only. See our guide to using git instead.
CVS is a program to help manage having multiple people work on the same material simultaneously. Every user creates a local copy of the main repository. The local copies can be on the same machine, or across the world. Users can then modify the local copy as they wish and when the modified material is ready, commit the changes back to the main repository.
For a read only access it's possible
to use the web
frontend. There exist also many graphical CVS clients such as
KDE's cervisia.
This document describes the workflow with the command line program
cvs, other clients provide similar functionality.
CVS will not let you commit a file if the copy in the main repository has been modified since your last update. This is not normally a problem as you can still update your local copy. If the modifications were to different parts than you were working on, the changes are silently merged. If the changes affect the same area you were working on, you will be warned that there is a conflict and you need to edit the file to fix the problem before committing.
In what follows anonymous access will be used as an example. If you have access to another account which gives you write permission to the repository then you should use that account instead. If you are planning on making changes, you should get an account before starting as anonymous users cannot commit changes. See the section on write access for more information.
To begin using CVS, you must first
login to the CVS server
cvs -d :pserver:email@example.com:/cvs/webwml login
(just hit enter for the password here)
To check out a copy of the wml files on your local machine, you need to use
cvs -d :pserver:email@example.com:/cvs/webwml checkout webwml
You can check out a subset of the pages like this:
cvs -d :pserver:email@example.com:/cvs/webwml checkout -l \ webwml webwml/<language> cvs -d :pserver:firstname.lastname@example.com:/cvs/webwml checkout \ webwml/Perl webwml/english/template webwml/<language>/Pics cvs -d :pserver:firstname.lastname@example.com:/cvs/webwml checkout \ webwml/<language>/<path to desired files>
Repeat for all subdirectories or files that you want. The second line includes all the files you will need if you wish to create HTML from the WML files. Partial checkouts such as these aren't really supported, though, so the above instructions may not always work.
For write access to the repository over SSH you may need to tell CVS to use SSH instead of rsh for logging in by adding a line to your shell config:
export CVS_RSH=ssh
If you have an Alioth account, with an associated public SSH key, you can use it instead like this:
cvs -d :ext:email@example.com:/cvs/webwml checkout webwml/english/doc
From then on, you will not need to use the
'-d :ext:...'
part. Every few days you will want to do a
cvs update -d
to retrieve any files from the repository which have changed. The
-d update option will add any new directories, automatically.
It will also check out all the directories that were omitted if you performed a
partial checkout — in that case you might want to use the
cvsup.py script.
You may want to create a
~/.cvsrc file so that you don't have
to type some options all the time. For example, it can contain:
cvs -z9 update -d -P diff -u
The following is for those who have write permission on the repository. When you are done with a page, you can commit your changes to the repository using
cvs commit <file>.wml
cvs commit <dir> (to commit all the changes in <dir>)
cvs commit (to commit all changes from the current dir down)
If you are the first person translating a page, you need to do
cvs add <file>.wml
before you commit it. Note that
cvs add is not recursive so
you need to add a directory before you can add its contents.
For more information on CVS, use
info cvs.
If you include
Closes: #nnnnnn in your commit log
entry then bug number
#nnnnnn will be closed
automatically when you commit. The precise form of this is the same as
in Debian policy.
Many Debian websites support SSL, please use HTTPS links for the ones that do support SSL. Some Debian/DebConf/SPI/etc websites do not have HTTPS support or are only signed by SPI and not by any SSL CA that is trusted by browsers outside of Debian, we should avoid linking to https: versions of these websites so that people not using Debian don't get errors they may not understand. The CVS repository will reject commits containing plain HTTP links for Debian websites that support HTTPS or containing HTTPS links for the Debian/DebConf/SPI websites that are known to either not support HTTPS or use certificates signed only by SPI.
CVS Write Access
If you already know how to help, and
have provided enough patches that have been accepted by the web team or a
localization team, you could obtain write access to the website: please request
to join the
webwml project on Alioth (you will have to create an Alioth
account if you don't already have one).
Please write something useful in your request, like which language or which
part of the website you plan to work on, and who would vouch for you.


text:
In the memory of Stafford Sakizzie
We miss ya so much, your memories are with us forever.
From your kids, Modena, Monica, Suenna, Sventsen, Angelica. Wife, Helen Billsie.
Think of me
When I go away from you, and the world beats silent, when the leaves have fallen, and the sun has set, just when the pain hurts too much, think of me.
Think of my smile, hear my laughter, picture my face, feel my touch, I will be there, Just think of me I'm not too far, I'm right beside you.
I am with you, wherever you are, stop awhile, and think of me.


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Lady Bird Johnson Environmental Award
Sponsored by the LBJ Foundation, the LBJ Presidential Library,
the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center and the LBJ School of Public Affairs
The Lady Bird Johnson Environmental Award increases public awareness of the environmental issues facing our country by highlighting the work of selected individuals, corporations and non-profit organizations.
The 2013 Lady Bird Johnson Environmental Award will be presented to an individual whose passion for, dedication, and commitment to the environment are exemplified by his or her efforts to protect the natural world. (The following year, the award will be given to a corporation, then a non-profit organization, and so on.)
Nominees for this award should:
- Reflect Mrs. Johnson's style and energy through successfully collaborating with communities and engaging others in their mission by reaching out to diverse sectors
- Inspire others through their innovation, leadership and commitment to environmental issues
- Be able to demonstrate tangible achievements and a proven track record of success
- Be well respected by their colleagues and the communities in which they work
- Possess integrity
- Have made an enduring and meaningful impact in the area of environmentalism
- Have demonstrated the ability to advocate on behalf of their work to the general public. "Environmentalism" is widely defined for purposes of this award to include conservation, energy, climate change, sustainable agriculture, environmental justice, protection of natural resources, environmental health, land management, and other areas.
Nominees must be U.S. citizens. Their work must take place in the United States; the impact may be national, regional or local.
The Lady Bird Johnson Environmental Award is in the amount of $25,000 and will be presented at a ceremony in Washington, D.C. in the spring of 2014.
Nominations are no longer being accepted.


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The Social Network
Now Available
About The Social Network
David Fincher's The Social Network is the stunning tale of a new breed of cultural insurgent: a punk genius who sparked a revolution and changed the face of human interaction for a generation, and perhaps forever. Shot through with emotional brutality and unexpected humor, this superbly crafted film chronicles the formation of Facebook and the battles over ownership that followed upon the website's unfathomable success. With a complex, incisive screenplay by Aaron Sorkin and a brilliant cast including Jesse Eisenberg, Andrew Garfield and Justin Timberlake, The Social Network bears witness to the birth of an idea that rewove the fabric of society even as it unraveled the friendship of its creators.
Aaron Sorkin
Based on a Work by
Ben Mezrich
Executive Producer
Kevin Spacey
David Fincher
Cean Chaffin, Scott Rudin, Dana Brunetti, Michael De Luca
Jesse Eisenberg, Justin Timberlake, Andrew Garfield, Max Minghella, Armie Hammer


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Instructional-Autism Spectrum Disorder
Job Description
Instructional-Autism Spectrum Disorder
Job description
To teach exceptional students according to individual education plans following adopted curriculum, instructional methods, monitoring systems.
Required qualifications, skills and experience
Bachelor's Degree and certification in Exceptional Student Education
Employment type
Job category
Ventura Elementary School
Address line 1
275 Waters Edge Dr
EEO statement
The School District of Osceola County, Florida, does not discriminate in treatment or employment in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, age, disability, marital status or genetic information in its educational programs and employment practices.
Application Instructions
Please click on the link below to apply for this position. A new window will open and direct you to apply at our corporate careers page. We look forward to hearing from you!Apply Online
Posted: 2/3/2020
Job Status: Full Time
Job Reference #: 2877BR


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Here are a list of some places Sandbox has been featured.
Slashdot.org - http://games.slashdot.org/story/09/02/0 ... ?art_pos=1
Gameculture.com http://www.gameculture.com/node/597
Modbb.com Top 100 Mod/Game Of The Year 2008
Moddb.com Numerous Features: http://www.moddb.com/games/platinum-art ... x/features
Total PC Gaming Magazine February 2009
PCFormat Magazine Issue 232 November 2009
Presentations Personally Made By Me
PBS Games In Education Conference 11am August 6th http://www.gamesineducation.org
OpenGamingNow Internet podcast http://www.opengamingnow.com/
Ableconf in AZ USA Presentation Written by me, delivered by local ableconf members http://ableconf.com I'm also a founding member
linuxconf 2009 in Australia - Presentation given by me through VOIP - http://lca2009.linux.org.au/wiki/index. ... rtsSandbox
RPI College Classroom presentation October 2007
RPI Games Festival May 2009 - My Highschool Students and I presented our game with the College Students to Vicarious Visions (who LOVED it by the way!)
Noesis Interactive Interview January 2009 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WztnXKda4fI
HighSchool Game Modding Class in Los Angeles March 2009 - Gave Talk on Modding and my Projects
Moddb Modcast Live Episode 1 July 2008 - NOTE CONTAINS NON KID FRIENDLY CONTENT http://www.moddb.com/groups/blog/videos ... -episode-1
Presentations Not By Me
Vienna Game Conference 2008
Moddb Mod Video Spotlight - April 2009
Moddb Modcast S02 E06
Moddb Mod Video Spotlight - June 2008
Sandbox Articles, Presentations and Conferences
Post articles, videos, presentations and comments on Sandbox here, in addition to sharing your own positive experiences with Sandbox.
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We also have a facebook page, facebook group, myspace page and a twitter page[/b][/color]!
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Simply Delicious Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough by NESTLÉ® TOLL HOUSE®
SAVOR THE SIMPLE TASTE OF A CLASSIC Be sure to savor the moment with fresh-baked chocolate chip cookies made from Simply Delicious Chocolate Chip Cookie Dough. Simple, high-quality ingredients like real butter, cage-free eggs, pure cane sugar, unbleached flour and 100% real chocolate come together for a taste that is as sweet as the moment itself.
Nutritional Information
(g.) 25
% Daily Value *
- Total Fat 5g 8%
- Saturated Fat 2.5g 13%
- Cholesterol 15mg 5%
- Sodium 95mg 4%
- Carbohydrates 5g 5%
- Dietary Fiber 0g 0%
- Vitamin A 0%
- Vitamin C 0%
- Calcium 0%
- Iron 2%
- Sugars 9g
- Protein 1g
* Percentage Daily Values are based on a 2000 calorie diet.
See Ingredients
ENRICHED WHEAT FLOUR (WHEAT FLOUR, NIACIN, REDUCED IRON, THIAMINE MONONITRATE, RIBOFLAVIN, FOLIC ACID), SUGAR, NESTLÉ® TOLL HOUSE® SEMI -SWEET CHOCOLATE MORSELS (SUGAR, CHOCOL AT E, MILKFAT, COCOA BUTTER, SOY LECITHIN, NATURAL FLAVORS), BUTTER (CREAM, SALT), WATER, VEGETABLE OIL (PALM OIL, CANOLA OIL), 2% OR LESS OF EGGS, MOLASSES, SEA SALT, BAKING SODA, NATURAL FLAVOR, VANILLA EXTRACT. CONTAINS: EGG, WHEAT, MILK, SOY INGREDIENTS. MAY CONTAIN PEANUTS, PECANS, WALNUTS, MACADAMIA NUTS AND COCONUT. Current as of 09/2017. Check the package in the store prior to purchase.


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Charlie Campbell
Charlie Campbell wants to spread the news of so many wonderful aspects in the greater Dayton area. He is a cheerleader and a real believer that our area is the place to be. He has been active in this area for almost 40 years and you can hear him weekly at WYSO.


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You are about to enter a website that may contain content of an adult nature.
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I wanted to do this tutorial for a while now. I draw these rose from when I was 10years old, I had the idea of drawing something with the first letter of my first and last name and I came up with with a flower. Since then I drew these roses in a lot of different ways and here are 3 of those ways.
DragoArt members upload artwork and drawing tutorials! They are also allowed to leave comments on tutorials, profiles, etc. Many more features, as well; it's way better than just being a boring guest! Register Now!


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Samsung Galaxy Pro wallpapers
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The Samsung Galaxy Pro is the latest Android offering from Samsung. It comes equipped with a 2.8-inch screen and features a portrait QWERTY keyboard.
The Samsung Galaxy Pro runs on the Android 2.2 (Froyo) and is powered by an 800MHz processor. It has a 3-megapixel camera as its main shutter. Other features include HSDPA 7.2Mbps, WiFi 802.11 b/g/n, Bluetooth 3.0 and GPS.
Top, New and Popular Wallpapers for Samsung Galaxy Pro. The collection of Free Wallpapers for Samsung Galaxy Pro right here to be download. We update the collection of Wallpapers daily.
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Five Day Wool / Cotton Button Up - Indigo
With the most odor resistant and versatile shirting fabric we've tested to date, our Japanese woven, Five Day Wool / Cotton Button Up will be the number one performance button up you own. The two fibers work in concert to bring you the best of all worlds: itch-free wool provides odor resistance and thermo regulation while the cotton provides the hand, structure and drape that makes it the most dominant fabric in your closet's repertoire.
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NOTE: All sale item purchases are final. Exchanges only.


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A class from the Kartika lecture-course on Srila
Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura 's Madhurya Kadambini
[The following class was given during the 2005 Vraja-mandala parikrama. On that day the devotees had visited the holy pastime place called Maan-sarovara, and Srila Narayana Maharaja gave hari-katha there. Then in the evening, at about 5:00 pm, he gave his regular class at Gopinatha Bhavan on the shore of Yamuna . In that class, attended by about 1,000 devotees from all over the world, he discussed more about Maan sarovara, and he also continued his lecture course on Srila Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura's book, "Madhurya Kadambini." Although this is not the first class he gave in the course series, it is the first class you are receiving:]
Even though you all returned from parikrama after 3:30 pm, still you have assembled here to hear hari-katha. Today, we went to Maan-sarovara and we told some hari-katha there. We explained how Srimati Radhika did maan (entered a sulky mood) in rasa-sthali, and from there She went through Maan gali, Dan gali, Prema gali and Kunja gali. Weeping in anger, She then went to the very solitary place known as Maan-sarovara. Then, Sri Krsna somehow discovered Her whereabouts and went there to pacify Her.
Maan has been described by different persons in many different ways. One instance of maan is given by Srila Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura. He tells how Krsna dressed Himself as a brahmana boy and came to Srimati Radhika's house like a sannyasi. Begging donations He called out, "Bhiksam dehi, bhiksam dehi. Oh, please give Me charity. Give Me charity." Jatila looked at Him and thought, "If we don't give the sannyasi a donation and he leaves empty-handed, it will be a great misfortune for us. All our cows may die, and my son may also die."
She stepped forward to give the sannyasi a donation of grains and so on, but He refused to take from an old woman. Jatila then told Lalita, "Oh, call my daughter-in-law. She should give bhiksa."
Radhika objected, saying, "I don't deal with other men." Jatila, Kutila, Lalita and Visakha cajoled Her, and thus She was forced to give the donation. She took a plate in Her hands and piled it high with rice, flour and other items. She came to the door and offered it to the sannyasi, but he said, "Oh Radha, I am not interested in these items. I did not come here for this donation. I came to take Your sulky mood. Please donate it to Me and be pleased with Me."
Realizing now that this sannyasi was Sri Krsna Himself, Srimati Radhika smiled. She threw everything on His head that was on the plate, and laughing, She went inside. In this way all Her maan was finished. So, maan is of great importance in our bhakti literatures.
Now we will speak about Madhurya Kadambini. If an aspiring sadhaka (spiritual practitioner) comes to the lotus feet of Guru and takes diksa and siksa (initiation and relevant spiritual instructions), he can then enter into the realm of bhajana (devotional activities).
There are two types of bhajana nisthita-bhakti and anisthita-bhakti. The first type is nisthita steady devotional service. In this stage, the disciple will not be weak in his bhajana. He continues his bhajana without any fear of falling down. The second type is anisthita bhakti unsteady devotional service. In this stage the disciple is plagued by many material desires coming in his heart. Srimad Bhagavatam has described this:
nasta prayesu abhadresu
nityam bhagavata-sevaya
bhagavaty uttama-sloke
bhaktir bhavati naisthiki
["By regular attendance in classes on the Bhagavatam and by rendering of service to the pure devotee, all that is troublesome to the heart is almost completely destroyed, and loving service unto the Personality of Godhead, who is praised with transcendental songs, is established as an irrevocable fact." (Srimad-Bhagavatam 1.2.18)]
This is anisthita bhakti (unsteady devotional service). Srila Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura explains that anisthita bhakti is of six types: utsaha-mayi, ghana-tarala, vyudha-vikalpa, visaya-sangara, niyamaksama and taranga-rangini. I will explain them, one by one.
The first type of unsteady bhakti is utsaha-mayi. Utsaha means enthusiasm. When the student starts his studies, the teacher will encourage him by saying, "Oh, you are so good, so good. You are doing very nicely." After a few days the student thinks, "Oh, now I'm such a big scholar. I know everything." He is now so enthusiastic. Previously he was afraid to go to school, and now he takes his books and runs to school with great enthusiasm. In the same way, when the aspiring sadhaka first comes to the path of bhakti, he approaches Gurudeva and accepts harinama. Gurudeva says, "Oh, you cannot chant 64 rounds? No problem. Just do as many as you want. If somehow you can do 16 rounds, your material attachments will be destroyed and very quickly you will attain love for the lotus feet of Krsna." The disciple then becomes very enthusiastic and happy with his chanting and other duties, and he thinks, "Yes, I have started to do bhajana."
We are just like this. Even in our present stage we think, "I'm really doing bhajana now fully." Somebody may be chanting one lakh of harinama (100,000 names or 64 rounds), but when the Guru instructs or chastises him, pointing his finger and telling him what he is doing wrong, his eyes open up in surprise. Gurudeva tells him, "Oh, you have so many desires and so much anger in your heart. You should follow the first verse of Upadesamrta vaco vegam manasa krodha vegam. You should control your mind and your senses, your tongue, belly and genitals. And you should follow the second sloka atyaharah prayasas ca. Don't over-eat, don't over-collect and don't over-endeavor for material things."
Then the disciple thinks, "Oh my God, I'm not doing any bhajana at all. I haven't even started," He understands his position for some time, but later he thinks, "I am a great scholar, so I don't need to go to Guru. I will just do bhajana on my own. There is no need to go to Guru." And he takes off. In this way, the new devotee is enthusiastic in the beginning, and later he becomes discouraged and his enthusiasm weakens. In the stage of bhajana-kriya, this is the type of unsteady bhakti called utsaha-mayi.
The second type is called ghana-tarala. A new student will start to study the Vedic scriptures. When he understands something he is enthusiastic, but when he doesn't understand because the subject matter is too difficult, he loses his enthusiasm and becomes upset. In the same way, in this stage the new devotee may sometimes practice the limbs of bhakti very enthusiastically his practice is very 'thick'. And sometimes, if he meets some obstacles, he experiences weakness and his practice of bhakti becomes very 'thin'.
You should realize this fact.
Sometimes the study of many scriptures, the endeavor to remember all of the subjects therein, and the endeavor to learn many verses also become obstacles in bhakti. For example, someone who remembers many, many verses from scriptures, and also knows so many things from reading and hearing the scriptures, may be plagued by lust, anger and pride. Have his material desires left him or not? Does he have pride or not? Is he greedy for association with women? Is he still anxious for his own name and fame?
We will have to consider whether or not we have acquired the four symptoms of:
trnad api sunicena
taror api sahisnuna
amanina manadena
kirtaniyah sada harih
["One can chant the holy name of the Lord in a humble state of mind, thinking himself lower than the straw in the street. One should be more tolerant than the tree, devoid of all sense of false prestige and ready to offer all respects to others. ln such a state of mind one can chant the holy name of the Lord constantly." (Siksastaka 3)]
Are you giving respect to all others? Are you demanding respect for yourself? You will have to look at all these things. You may have read many, many books and may have memorized so many verses, but if lust and anger do not go from your heart, how can suddha bhakti (pure bhakti) come? How can we enter into the verses? And how can we understand the scriptures?
We have to follow Srila Rupa Gosvami and Srila Raghunatha dasa Gosvami. Srila Raghunatha dasa Gosvami has stated in Manah-siksa:
pratisthasa dhrsta svapaca-ramani me hrdi natet
katham sadhuh-prema sprsati sucir etan nanu manah
sada tvam sevasva prabhu-dayita-samantam atulam
yatha tam niskasya tvaritam iha tam vesayati sah
[O mind! How can pure divine love appear in my heart as long as the shameless dog-eating outcaste woman of the desire for prestige is audaciously dancing there? Therefore, always remember and serve the immeasurably powerful commanders of the army of Krsna, the beloved devotees of the Lord. They will at once banish this outcaste woman and initiate the flow of immaculate vraja-prema in your heart. (Manah-siksa, verse 7)]
That pratistha, desire for name and fame, is like a dog-eating prostitute dancing in the heart, and mukti-vyaghra, the desire for impersonal liberation, is like a tigress.
So consider how much bhakti you actually have. When women see men, does lust come? When men see women, do they feel lust? You must consider, "When my name and fame is checked by someone, do I become angry with that person? Do I have pride?" You must look at yourself and think about this. If you have these faults, how can bhakti come? Yours is then only a shadow of bhakti. Hearing about all these considerations, you must examine your heart and think, "Oh, I don't have bhakti."
If we consider all these things, we become hopeless this is our nature. So think about this. You have been hearing so much hari-katha and have lived for so many years with your Guru. Why do you still have so many material desires? How is it possible that the desire to marry is still in your heart? You should already know scripture and you must have attained some renunciation.
vasudeve bhagavati
bhakti-yogah prayojitah
janayaty asu vairagyam
jnanam ca yad ahaitukam
["By rendering devotional service unto the Personality of Godhead, Sri Krsna, one immediately acquires causeless knowledge and detachment from the world." (Srimad-Bhagavatam 1.2.7)]
When pure (suddha) bhakti enters the heart, one automatically attains jnana knowledge of krsna-tattva, and vairagya detachment from material enjoyment. When we are still beset by lust, anger and pride, we must ask ourselves, "Where am I? What is my position? Oh, I feel hopeless."
Twenty to twenty-five years have already passed, and still this anger and lust and desire for fame have not left you? These things must be dispelled.
When we consider our position we become a little hopeless. In this regard, Srila Rupa Gosvami has written in Stava Mala:
pracinanam bhajanam atulam duskaram srnvato me
nairyasena jvalati hrdayam bhakti-lesalasasya
visva-dricim aghahara tavakarnya karunya-vicim
asa-binduksitam idam upety antare hanta saityam
["I am very weak and lazy to do even the smallest devotional service. Therefore, when I hear of the peerless and difficult-to-perform services performed by the great devotees in ancient times, my heart burns with despair. On the other hand, O Lord, O killer of Aghasura, when I hear that Your waves of mercy splash everyone, from the demigod Brahma down to the most insignificant creature, and even to the demon Aghasura who was the embodiment of sin, then my heart becomes sprinkled with a cooling drop of hope."]
The meaning of this prayer is as follows: "Alas! Seeing the sadhana of the previous great practitioners of bhakti, I have become hopeless." We have only one hope. What is that? The mercy of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu is flowing everywhere, and even one drop can drown us. Srila Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji Maharaja and Srila Raghunatha dasa Gosvami performed astonishing austerity. The detachment of Gaura Kisora dasa Babaji was very severe. Before him there were many devotees performing austerities for thousands upon thousands of years and look at us in comparison.
Think about this. What are you doing? Now it is the month of Kartika and we are eating so many delicious foods, up to our neck and even more; and we take rest and drink and enjoy in many ways. We are hearing beautiful kirtanas. Where is the severe sadhana? Where? Therefore think, brothers and sisters. Leave your pride, try to gain victory over your lust, and try to do bhajana of Krsna. There is no other way to achieve this most elevated bhakti.
Therefore, stay with the Vaisnavas; never leave them. In their association you will be disciplined and protected. Study our books. Listen carefully and take these words in your heart. Following the Vaisnavas you should lament, "Oh, my pride and lust have not left me. Fie on me, fie on me!" You should think like this. Look at yourself and lament for your condition. Only in this way can you give up all these bad qualities. Srila Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura wrote all this, and now I'm just repeating a shadow of what he wrote.
The third type of unsteady bhakti is called vyudha-vikalpa, oscillation of the mind. A person accepts diksa and siksa from Guru and starts his bhajana. At that time so many contrary ideas run through his mind. He thinks, "Why should I do bhajana alone? After all, I have my family. My Gurudeva will give Vaisnava diksa to my father, mother, wife and children. I will build a small temple in my home, and there we will serve God together. I will do bhajana and my family members will also do bhajana."
But then he reconsiders, "Hold on, this is not a good idea. After all, there were many great devotees like Sri Narada Rsi, Srila Rupa and Sanatana Gosvamis, Srila Raghunatha dasa Gosvami and others who left their homes and went to live in Vrndavana, Navadvipa, Jagannatha Puri or any of Lord Sri Krsna's other pastime places. If I stay with my family members, my material desires will continue to plague me. Better I leave my family and go to live in Vrndavana. I don't want to live in Western countries, or anywhere other than Vrndavana. Where will I live there? I will build a room by the side of Seva Kunja, and from my room I will be able to look out at Seva Kunja. Living like this, my life will be successful." Both men and ladies think in this way.
And then, when he thinks about leaving home, his mind oscillates again. He thinks, "Oh, how can I leave them? After all, I still haven't fulfilled all my material desires. To leave in an immature state is not good. Therefore, to fulfill all my material desires I will continue to live with my family. When I am satisfied fully, my mind will automatically give up these attachments and then I will leave home. Why should I go now? When I'm old, then everything material will automatically no longer interest me."
He thinks like this, and then again he wonders, "Should I leave now and take sannyasa, or should I wait a few days? Actually, it will be good if I stay for a little while longer."
Lord Kapiladeva has warned, "Beware! Maya was created by the Lord Himself and has come to you in the form of a young woman, under the pretext of serving you. She is beautiful and seems to be very sweet, and she serves a lot. But you should understand that actually she is pulling you to your death." She is like a blind well covered with grass. A blind well looks very nice on top, but inside it is full of suffering. She is like an oil well that has caught on fire. There are many oil wells in and here in . Kerosene and petrol oil come from there, and if there is fire, as soon as it touches the oil it spreads everywhere. Women should understand this is for men, and men should understand it for women.
By nature ladies are very sweet, but after some time they become ferocious, like Durga. In a second, a lady can plunder your wealth and cut off your head. And men are the same. Of course, this does not apply to the Vaisnavis who are absorbed in bhajana, like Sita Thakurani, Malini Devi and Gangamata Gosvamini. The entire world worships them. Think about all these things.
When we hear about these examples from sastra, we should have faith that family life is like a blind well covered with grass. Understand that it is a mirage, a false impression. There is no happiness in that association. Even if there is any so-called enjoyment, then diseases like TB or cancer also come. People drink wine to be happy, but when one drinks too much, he gets cancer of the liver and dies or goes mad. We must have strong faith and understanding that this tendency to enjoy material happiness is the cause of all miseries and sufferings.
Srimad-Bhagavatam tells the history of Bharata Maharaja. We should think like him. He ruled the entire Earth and enjoyed material opulence for many thousands of years. He was still in his youth when he left his kingdom, beautiful wife and affectionate children to do bhajana. He left them as we leave stool after passing. It was very difficult to renounce them, but he left everything.
Listening to such examples, the aspiring sadhaka thinks again and tries to leave household life. He decides, "Oh, I will not live in this world." Ladies think the same, "I will not stay in worldly life." But then again they consider other examples from scripture, "Oh, alas! Alas! I want to leave home, but it is such a great sin to leave my old parents all alone. Who will take care of them? And now I have small children and a beautiful wife. What will happen if I leave them? They will all be helpless. If my father dies in grief, this sin will come on my head. It will be my fault. My wife is very innocent and does not know anything of worldly matters. My children are very young who will look after their education and maintain them? They will become orphans with no one to protect them. How will they live without me?"
Thinking like this, the aspiring sadhaka's mind oscillates. First he decides to leave the house, but now his previous determination to renounce everything is destroyed. He thinks, "Oh, it is so unfair to leave old parents and small children. It's not right." Then his mind changes again: "Oh, I will go. My parents and my children and wife will somehow live without me. They won't die." Then he reconsiders, "Oh, it is alright if I stay. My mind is still full of material desires. It is not only because of my old parents, wife, and children. I have just started a new business with many new shops, and if I leave them they will fail and I will become a beggar. I will have to go on the street begging alms, simply living as a beggar."
In this way, the mind of a householder, who cannot decide what to do, oscillates back and forth. Lord Kapiladeva explains that because the householder is always attached to the objects of the senses house, wife, children and wealth his mind is always disturbed.
What to speak of householders, even those who entered the renounced order, accepting sannyasa and saffron cloth, cannot keep their vows. I know so many people who left their homes and were previously doing dandavat parikrama, wearing only one cloth in the winter and walking in wooden sandals and today, where are they? They have left bhakti completely, and have no connection with bhajana, or with Guru and Vaisnavas. They have returned to their houses and have married again. I have seen thousands of people come and go like this.
This is called vyudha-vikalpa, indecision or oscillation of the mind. I will tell more, later. Oh, my brothers and sisters; don't be angry with me. The words I am speaking may pinch, but these are not my own words. I am just speaking what Srila Visvanatha Cakravarti Thakura has written.
Editorial Advisors: Sripad Madhava Maharaja and Sripad Brajanatha dasa
Translator: Radhika dasi
Editor: Vicitra dasi
Think About Yourself
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- Category: 2005
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