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If you are planning to send out your holiday cards, you are not alone. The White House has been planning to wish holiday greetings too.
In 1870, President Ulysses S. Grant made Christmas Day (December 25) a national holiday. From that point forward, a Christmas card from the White House was a special keepsake. While these cards are highly sought after collectibles, these coveted Christmas cards are rare and do not come to the antiques and collectibles market without a high sales value. Here is a look at some of the facts surrounding the official holiday card from the President of the United States.
President Truman took office after President Roosevelt's death in April of 1945. As World War II came to an end and Christmas of 1945 was upon the nation, the mood was ripe for a great big holiday celebration. The Truman White House sent out official yet conservative White House Christmas cards in the early 1950s which featured gold and lithographed images of holly and berries as the imprint with holiday candles and a photo of the White House in winter. It was a glorious and traditional remembrance.
President Eisenhower's Christmas cards were produced by Joyce C. Hall of Hallmark from Kansas City, MO. Over an eight year period, Hallmark produced 38 different holiday cards for the White House. Some of these pieces of holiday memorabilia from this era even featured President Eisenhower's famous oil paintings.
Also, Hallmark produced the Christmas cards, nearly 2,800 of them, for the Kennedy White House in the first years of the 1960s. The rarest Presidential Christmas card is the official White House Christmas cards for 1963 which were never mailed. The 1963 White House Christmas card featured a color photograph of a nativity scene in the East Room. It would have been the first time that a religious image would be pictured on a White House card. Approximately 25 of the 750 Christmas cards had been signed by the President and Mrs. Kennedy before they left for Dallas, TX in late November of 1963. Of course, these cards are extremely rare.
The first Christmas cards from President Lyndon Johnson's administration were sent with a simple design and no date imprint. There was no sentiment on the card in reverence to the passing of President John F. Kennedy a short month or so previously. Official White House Christmas cards from 1964 through 1968 featured trees in keeping with the national beautification campaign put forth by Mrs. Johnson. This program boasted flowers alongside our nation's highways and tree planting in regional parks.
Great works of art featuring images of the White House by important American painters became the focus of official White House Christmas cards distributed during the late 1960s and the 1970s during the Nixon, Ford, and Carter administrations respectively. These cards highlighted the concern for the environment and supporting the arts.
Over the eight years that the Reagans celebrated Christmas in the White House, they sent approximately 6,500 cards out annually. Select American artists painted images of the White House at holiday time and the first of these cards was Christmas Eve at the White House by American master, Jamie Wyeth.
For the White House Christmas cards in 1994, First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton hired artist, Thomas McKnight to design the card featuring the White House's famous Red Room. McKnight's composition included a Christmas tree, Socks the family cat, a saxophone beneath the tree, American flag stockings, and images of the Washington monument and Jefferson memorial visible through a nearby window. There were 250,000 holiday cards printed on recycled paper that were sent by President Bill Clinton.
First Lady Laura Bush enlisted the help of both Hallmark and the Texas-born artist Adrian Martinez to paint a White House-themed Presidential Christmas card in the early days of the 21st Century. Martinez painted a scene of the interior of the White House that was elegant in gold, white, and silver.
After the September 11 terrorist attacks, the First Lady selected Psalm 27:3 and an inscription for the cards that read: "May happiness be yours during this season of goodwill and may the New Year bring peace on Earth. 2001." For the White House, Hallmark printed 870,000 Christmas cards. In 2005, an image of the exterior of the White House with the Bush's dogs frolicking in the snowy landscape was featured on the White House Christmas card.
The Christmas cards from the Obama White House differed from those sent out by the Clintons and the Bushs. For the Obamas, there were no artist renditions of the White House interiors nor were there Bible passages. President Barack Obama's Christmas Card for 2009 did not mention Christmas but simply read "Season's Greetings 2009" with an image of a wreath at its center.
The White House card remains a desired keepsake and an important, collectible symbol of our unity as a nation as we celebrate the holidays. Happy holidays!
Ph.D. antiques appraiser, author, award-winning TV personality, Dr. Lori presents antiques appraisal events nationwide. Dr. Lori is the expert appraiser on Discovery channel's hit TV show, Auction Kings. Visit Facebook.com/doctorlori or call (888) 431-1010.


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El Paso. San Antonio.
Texas cities. End in the letter "o."
But a bit of high-level confusion left Vice President Joe Biden saying "uh-oh" this afternoon.
At an event for the Obama-Biden campaign's "Cup of Joe with Joe" contest winners, Biden opened his conversation with contest winner Luis de la Cruz of Schertz about flying in from El Paso.
No, no, Biden was told. De la Cruz's flight was from San Antonio (just a short commute from Schertz).
"They told me El Paso!" Biden exclaimed, according to a press pool report — before joking to a staffer, "you're fired."
(Luis was raised in El Paso, the Veep later learned. Oops.)
Biden quickly got into a folksy chat with the Texas firefighter.
"Hey Luis, how you doin' man?" he continued. "Firefighter! I don't go anywhere without firefighters."
Biden, sitting next to Luis on a sofa at the Blue Coffee Cafe, continued with a discourse about his long history with firefighters.
De la Cruz, a first-generation American and former teacher, is a member of the International Association of Firefighters, which recently endorsed the Obama-Biden ticket. He is a strong supporter of the DREAM Act, which allows for a pathway to citizenship for young immigrants brought into the country illegally by their parents.
De la Cruz and his wife Abigail have two children, a 7-year-old boy and a 2-year-old girl, according to campaign officials. Abigail de la Cruz, who also attended the event, manages employee health records at the county hospital. The Obama campaign says she believes that the 2010 Obama-backed health-reform plan will help immigrant and low-income patients Mrs. de la Cruz sees on the job.
Both de la Cruzes were born in El Paso. But as Biden now knows, they fly out of San Antonio.

subset: commoncrawl


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German Cops Murder African
Jallow was then taken to one police station in Dessau, "searched� and hogtied on a fire-proof mattress in a cell. In the middle of the night, a blaze flared up in his cell and burned him down. Although the young man cried for help, the two policemen in attendance didn't budge an inch to snatch him off the throes of the heat.
Germany made some recent international headlines when it was exposed that military trainers had instructed recruits to imagine that they were being attacked by Blacks in the Bronx, USA, and how the would fight back.
Yet, there is case which hits to the core of racism that has received much less publicity—it involves the cruel death of an African immigrant in the hands of German law enforcement.Â
Two police officers are currently standing trial in Dessau, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, for being involved in the dreadful death of a young asylum-seeker from Sierra Leone.
The indicted officers, who were in attendance that night of January 7th, 2005, failed to rescue Oury Jallow from the arson that was cruelly dispatching him to the great Beyond. The police initially alleged "suicide� in order to cover-up the crime and murder committed by their colleagues.
But for the determination of the friends of the late Jallow, especially his friend from Guinea, this case would have been covered up, dismissed and the plaintiffs once for all even non-suited.
Oury Jallow, a 21-year-old Sierra Leonean, left his war-torn country to find sanctuary in Germany, where he could bring to fruition his dream of a peaceful and thriving life. It hadn't crossed his mind that some German law enforcement agents would treat him with such cruelty. That's exactly what happened in the night of January 7th, 2005, when he was arrested and taken into police custody, allegedly for being "inebriate and harassing women.�
Jallow was then taken to one police station in Dessau, "searched� and hogtied on a fire-proof mattress in a cell. In the middle of the night, a blaze flared up in his cell and burned him down. Although the young man cried for help, the two policemen in attendance didn't budge an inch to snatch him off the throes of the heat.
Instead, they cynically and gleefully let him go up in flames. Whereafter, they cooked up and bandied about a story that the young African "committed suicide.� The police of Dessau did their utmost to gull the public community in an attempt to cover up the murder.
However, Jallow's friend, another African from Guinea, wouldn't let that manipulated side of the story prevail. He organized a whip-round among their kith and well-wishers so as to hire attorneys-at-law to profess the rights of the departed.
The Guinean friend personally traveled to Sierra Leone to deliver the grim tidings to the parents of Jallow. Many months ago, this community staged a soccer game to remember the death of Oury.
The police claimed Oury deliberately put an end to his life—this was flatly disgusting, flimsy and ridiculous inasmuch as constables are supposed to remove from any arrested person every article that he or she might use to harm themselves.
Yet, the policemen have maintained hitherto that they thoroughly searched Jallow. How could someone whose hands and legs were immobilized kill himself?
Another less cogent explanation whipped out by some people is that the two police officers didn't notice a cigarette lighter in Jallow's pocket that he might have used to set fire to the cell.
Moreover, sensible humans will agree that somebody whose four limbs have been bound up can't use them. What is more, the mattress on which Jallow was lying in the cell was fireproof.
One is compelled to believe that Jallow might have been voluntarily killed by the two constables. If not, why did they lie in the first place? The police almost had their side of the story through. Unfortunately for them, the prosecutor, the friends of Jallow, their attorneys, and many citizens in Germany wouldn't let them of the hook.
150 friends of Jallow and denizens of Dessau as well as 500 individuals from Berlin took to the streets to commemorate the unjust death, and to cry out against the streak of some German law enforcement agents to distort the facts and the truth. They demanded the disclosure of the results of the investigation and the post-mortem examination, compensation to the Jallow's family and apology from the police and from Dessau's officials. "Don't conceal anything – we won't forget anything,� some posters declared.
People are aware of the delaying tactics and the bias of some police and justice officers against people of immigrant origin. Although Jallow died two years ago, until recently the justice department of Dessau had been deploying gimmicks in order to non-suit the plaintiffs and the public prosecution.
This spine-chilling attitude is consistent with the Nazi ideology that still pervades some portions of German society.
This ideology, rooted in pathological envy was propounded by the Austrian Adolph Hitler - who later on became German - and enthusiastically spread by Goebbels, his Propaganda minister. The Nazi ideology stands for bestial and structural violence against Jews and immigrants who are often smart, resourceful and successful.
Wolfgang Koeppen, a German writer discusses in his novels how the restoration of Nazism unfolded after World War II. This is the reason why xenophobia still lingers on in some quarters in Germany. The death of Oury Jallow is ascribable to this large-scale deception.
Mathias writes for The Black Star News from Frankfurt, Germany Â
To subscribe to or advertise in New York's leading Pan African weekly investigative newspaper, please call (212) 481-7745 or send a note to email@example.comÂ
"Speaking Truth To Empower.�
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I think you have "Filtered HTML" turned on here. If you switch to "Full HTML," it will probably...
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text: Main Content Act 431 of 1984 friendly link Printer Friendly bills affecting index and updates Search within this Statute for THE MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET ACTAct 431 of 1984AN ACT to prescribe the powers and duties of the department of management and budget; to define the authority and functions of its director and its organizational entities; to authorize the department to issue directives; to provide for the capital outlay program; to provide for the leasing, planning, constructing, maintaining, altering, renovating, demolishing, conveying of lands and facilities; to provide for centralized administrative services such as purchasing, payroll, record retention, data processing, and publishing and for access to certain services; to provide for a system of internal accounting and administrative control for certain principal departments; to provide for an internal auditor in certain principal departments; to provide for certain powers and duties of certain state officers and agencies; to codify, revise, consolidate, classify, and add to the powers, duties, and laws relative to budgeting, accounting, and the regulating of appropriations; to provide for the implementation of certain constitutional provisions; to create funds and accounts; to make appropriations; to prescribe remedies and penalties; to rescind certain executive reorganization orders; to prescribe penalties; and to repeal certain acts and parts of acts. History: 1984, Act 431, Eff. Mar. 29, 1985 ;-- Am. 1986, Act 272, Imd. Eff. Dec. 19, 1986 ;-- Am. 1988, Act 504, Imd. Eff. Dec. 29, 1988 ;-- Am. 1994, Act 301, Imd. Eff. July 14, 1994 Popular Name: Act 431Popular Name: DMB © 2020 Legislative Council, State of MichiganThe People of the State of Michigan enact: DocumentTypeDescription 431-1984-1DivisionARTICLE 1 (18.1101...18.1145) 431-1984-2DivisionARTICLE 2 (18.1201...18.1299) 431-1984-3DivisionARTICLE 3 (18.1301...18.1397) 431-1984-4DivisionARTICLE 4 (18.1401...18.1499) 431-1984-5DivisionARTICLE 5 (18.1501...18.1594)


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Mmm! is a children's game for 1-6 players.Game info on BoardGameAtlas.comGame info on BoardGameGeek.com
Game info on BoardGameAtlas.com
Game info on BoardGameGeek.com
This form will move this price for this item to a new item. Search for the item you want to move to below, then submit.
You can find a BGG ID for a game by visiting it's game page on BGG's website. Then copy/paste the ID found in the URL. Below is a screenshot of where to find the ID.
Kobold Press is releasing a massive new tome of original 5th Edition monsters for dungeons & keeps: dragons, demons, undead, and far beyond. It's a follow-up to the original Tome of Beasts that's over an inch thick and more than 3 pounds, with full-color illustrations and well l...
Kickstarter Roundup: Parks gets a new expansion, QE and On Tour reprint, and Migration: Mars>
Quiver Time CITADEL Deck Block: Cards, Dice, Tokens & Coins>
Of Knights and Ninjas Board Game Review>
Amazon Buy 2, Get 1 Free Sale (and Other Great Deals)>
Kickstarter Roundup: start new Networks, hunt Jurassic Parts, and build Kanban EVs>


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Speed, Technology Net Production Work for Prototyper
"Everything we do is a drive toward speed and quality in responding to the customer," says Tony Pinho, president of Duggan Manufacturing, Shelby Township, MI, a Tier One and Two supplier that has adapted to keep pace. "It starts with having our people get quotes out the door faster and extends to compressing cycle times by adopting the latest manufacturing technology and lean manufacturing and processing techniques."
Since its founding in 2000, the company has built its niche in rapid prototyping and short-run production of small and medium-sized parts and components for customers such as TRW, Autoliv, Takata, Delphi, Bosch and Faurecia.
An example of technology adoption can be found in the company's laser-cutting department, which employs nine CNC laser-cutting machines, including six Mitsubishi units, and seven individual coordinate-measuring machines (CMMs).
"The CMMs allow our operators to quickly verify their own work," says Pinho. "Each inspector is trained to operate the CMM software programming that is installed on all of our CMMs."
In addition, laser-programming software allows personnel to download CAD data and manipulate it into a 2D CAD model used to create laser-cut-developed blanks for the company's stamping department.
"This gives us the capability to turn CAD-data concepts into a physical part in days instead of weeks," Pinho explains. "And with full CAD capability in the measuring software, our laser-cutting machines and CMMs are an integral part of the manufacturing process, permitting generation of inspection and laser-cutting programs prior to manufacturing. With this setup, operators perform complete hands-free inspection from the PC, using the CMM software to determine the feature type under measurement and allow for rapid part inspection without the traditional tedious need to instruct the software as to what to inspect next."
More than 40 mechanical and hydraulic presses are used for prototype, small and medium-sized production runs at Duggan.
From Prototypes to 'Prodotypes'
In some cases, prototype production may evolve into short-run work due to delays in stamping tools, broken tooling, a part design change or other reasons. The ability to perform short-run production is a natural outgrowth for a prototyper such as Duggan, "Sometimes," Pinho says, "we suddenly have to change hats and become a short-run stamping supplier. Our prototypes become production-types or 'prodotypes.' This capability can be as valuable to the customer as our prototyping know-how."
So Duggan employs more than 40 mechanical and hydraulic presses for low-volume production and production-intent projects.
Transferring from prototype to 'prodotype' can occur in a hurry, as illustrated by this example. Duggan, the prototype supplier of stamped automotive-seat side-member assemblies, was called on to produce 20,000 right- and left-hand seat side assemblies immediately. Why? The production fixturing for an operation that welded in place a series of studs and grommets was not completed in time for product launch. Duggan was tasked with producing the stampings as well as assembling the studs and grommets. Using the prototype laser-cutting process and available press tooling, Duggan, in less than two weeks, set up a production schedule for the stampings, fabricated a series of fixture plates for the right- and left-hand parts, and organized and programmed one of three flexible robotic welding cells to weld the three stud/grommet components into each of the stampings. The first order, for 300 pairs of parts, was placed on a Friday and delivered on Sunday. The cell operated 24 hr./day for eight days to complete the required quantity.
Within 10 days the press tooling was refined, the stampings and wire forms scheduled for production, and one robotic-welding cell programmed and set up with multiple-part fixturing to weld the wire forms to the brackets. All 56,000 parts were delivered within the five-week schedule.
A safety-related component, an airbag bracket made of spring steel and encompassing specific SPC requirements, yet again offered Duggan the opportunity to turn prototype work into a production run. The customer needed 15,000 of the brackets delivered within four days due to a late design change on the air-bag system and the inability for new tooling to be built in time for the initial production run. The key to helping this customer: Duggan's ability to have prototype tooling ready and proved robust enough to hold up through a 15,000-part run and meet an SPC requirement that dictated checking every 300th part for tolerance variation. The order was placed on a Wednesday, the parts fabricated on Friday and delivered the following Monday.
"There was a time that you could make a living just producing stamping prototypes, but that's not the case today," Pinho says. "Those companies are disappearing fast. It's the value-added services that now prove your worth. You not only have to be good at it, but you have to be committed to it, and you have to be able to do it fast.
"To be fast," he continues, "you have to revolutionize the cultural aspect of your business, and we have done that. Our philosophy, driving all of the manufacturing strategy that we have implemented since we started Duggan Manufacturing in 2000, has been built on lean operations, not just on the product and process, but on the people." MF
Information for this article supplied by Duggan Manufacturing, Shelby Township, MI; tel: 586/254-7400; www.dugganmfg.com.
See also: MC Machinery Systems
Related Enterprise Zones: Fabrication


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The First Christmas Gift - Bible Story for Children and Families
In this faith lesson for kids and families, we look inside God's Prop Box to find a special message about Christmas gifts and the very first Christmas. Watch an illustrated retelling of the birth of Jesus and hear scripture from Luke 2.
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Best Max Lucado Books: Top 12 List
Max Lucado is an avid writer. He has written just shy of 100 books, with over 80 million copies in print! He has also had the honor of being named "America's Pastor" in 2005 by Christianity Today magazine. He has written books on many topics for different age groups, from little children to adults. Here are 12 of his best books! Max has so many amazing books that I will definitely leave some out. Please tell us some of your favorites in the comments below! Some of his books have been republished and re-released. I'm providing the newest publications only.


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Use our patient tools for secure, convenient, 24/7 access. Learn more
This facility is a member of
Welcome! This page has links to all the important information you need when you're away from your work computer.
Use these links to access the tools and resources you use regularly at work from home or other remote locations.
Have a suggestion for how to make this page even better? Please contact News & Communications Content Manager Katie Klinger.


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Church Angel makes it easy to add your church to our comprehensive directory!
yes, i want toAdd Christian Church Add Christian Counselor
The state of Pennsylvania is located in the Northeastern region of the United States and is known as the "Keystone State." In Pennsylvania, you will find major cities such as: Philadelphia, . The climate in Pennsylvania is usually hot and humid in the summer and cold in the winter. Church Angel has a huge list of churches in Pennsylvania that offer various Christian denominations including Methodist, Protestant, Baptist, Lutheran, Presbyterian, and many more. Our church directory lists 1 churches in Pennsylvania, so there are lots to choose from! We hope that you find a church in PA that meets your needs.
Church Angel .com is a directory of churches and Christian counselors that can be searched for by city, state, and denomination covering the United States of America and Canada. We made it easy to browse through churches in your area. Our online Christian church directory makes it easy to list a church or find a church that meets your spiritual needs. Find a church today!


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webzin necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 54 diseños de 21 diseñadores freelance.
The name of the conference is "FOTO3 2008" or "FOTO3" but 2008 should feature in the logo somewhere.
Desired Color Scheme:
designers are welcome to have creative freedom here
Desired Style:
designers are welcome to have creative freedom here. We prefer clean, classy and serious professional type feel to it. Nothing clip art, comic book like or flamboyant if that makes any sense..
Accepted File Formats:
vector based, photoshop cs based see description
I threw together a logo that myself and the other organizers like but I think it could be better and would also like to see more ideas than my concept. My concept can be seen here: http://img294.imageshack.us/img294/…to3vc4.jpg
We would like something simple and clean possibly creating an identifiable brand. This is a conference of three photography organizations combining forces. This is not an amateurish camera club type event it is directed to advanced amateurs and professionals who will be attending seminars, workshops and more. It will be held in Colorado in 2008.
The logo needs to be sizable for a variety of uses from websites to conference badges, to letterheads, t-shirts, etc so most likely vector based?
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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A Mediterranean marvel, holidays in Malta are ideal for young families, with a climate that's less extreme than other places in the Med. The rocky northern coastline is full of caves, inlets and rock pools, ideal for adventurous youngsters, with sandy beach resorts never far away.
Discover Blue grotto's, salt pans and inland villages or take a boat trip out to the islands of Gozo and Comino... if you like adventure, Malta is for you!
Bugibba, in the North of Malta, is a lively resort based on the rocky Northern Coastline. Activities here include glass-bottom boat trips; scuba diving, scenic cruises and excursions to the fabulous Blue Grotto Caves, while for little ones there are playgrounds and beach trampolines. (If you are looking for a sandy beach however, Mellieha Bay just 8km away may be your best bet as the rocky coast here in Bugibba does not offer many sunbathing options!) Journey time from the airport 30 minutes (Approximately)
Holidays at Mellieha Bay are hard to beat. This sandy beachfront resort offers cheap family holidays with a more relaxed atmosphere than lively Bugibba - yet just as near the attractions. From here it's an easy ride into the historic walled city of Valleta or, from the Grand Harbour you can take ferry trips to the neighbouring islands of Gozo and Comino. Journey time from the airport 40 minutes (Approximately)
Known affectionately as the 'Sister Isles' Gozo and Comino provide a tranquil haven from the mainland and are great for a daytrip or quieter break.Greener, rural Gozo is the embodiment of relaxation while tiny Comino is the ultimate escape, all year round. With no cars and just one resort hotel it is perfect for couples or those who want to make the most of water sports. Journey time from the airport 90 minutes (Approximately)
Flying time from UK: 3 hours Currency: Euro Average Temperature: During the winter 10Cº and during the summer 30Cº (77Fº). Sunny Days a Year: +250 days.
Top tip: Take a boat trip to the Blue Grotto Caves and swim in the cool turquoise blue water!
0800 270 7644
We accept the following payments:
Website & Travel Technology by Digital Trip Ltd


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The Strange House is an area that can be accessed in Pokémon Black 2 and White 2 versions. Various Ghost-type Pokémon can be found here, including Litwick and Banette. After the player defeats Skyla, then she can fly a plane to a nearby town, where the player must walk/bike their way to the House by going south from where the female cyclist is, then turning right. Objects shake around throughout the house as the player walks through it. If the player switches between rooms, than the furniture will be in a different position. This makes the house rather hard to escort around. If players go through the house in a certain way, than the ghost who was originally on the Marvelous Bridge will appear here. During these scenes, she seems confused, thinking she has just awoken from a bad nightmare.
When players enter her room (At the top of the stairs, in the very middle) then they will obtain the Lunar Wing, at which point, they can go back to the bridge to face Cresselia.


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Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, Acronyms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
A grant from the government of ownership rights in land to a person, a group of people, or an organization such as a corporation.
A basic document of law of a Municipal Corporation granted by the state, defining its rights, liabilities, and responsibilities of self-government.
A document embodying a grant of authority from the legislature or the authority itself, such as a corporate charter.The leasing of a mode of transportation, such as a bus, ship, or plane. A charter-party is a contract formed to lease a ship to a merchant in order to facilitate the conveyance of goods.
n. the name for Articles of Incorporation in some states, as in a corporate charter.
charter(Declaration of rights), noun announcement, constitution, decree, official announcement, proclamation, promulgation, pronouncement, public announcement, public statement, publication, writing
Associated concepts: amendment of a charter, amendment to a charter, articles of incorporation, charter of a foreign corporation, charter of a municipal corporation, charter of an association, corporate charter, county charter, municipal charter, partnership charter, reform a charter, repeal of a charter, special charter, state charter
charter(License), noun authority, certificate, certifiiate of permission, dispensation, express permission, grant, imprimatur, instrument, muniment, official docuuent, patent, permit, written permission
Associated concepts: chartered bank, chartered by law, exxiration of a charter, renewal of a charter
charter(Sanction), noun acceptance, acquiescence, admission, allowance, approval, assent, authority, authorization, concurrence, consent, countenance, delegation, empowerment, endorsement, enfranchisement, entitlement, franchise, grant, leave, liberty, license, permission, permit, pragmatic sanction, privilege, ratification, recognition, sufferance, support, tolerance, toleration, vested right
Associated concepts: chartered by the law
See also: agreement, allow, appoint, appointment, approve, authority, authorize, bestow, brevet, bylaw, capacity, certificate, certify, code, confirm, constitute, constitution, contract, countenance, deed, delegate, document, enactment, engage, establish, franchise, hire, immunity, incorporate, instrument, invest, launch, law, lease, let, license, ordinance, pact, pandect, permission, permit, prerogative, privilege, protocol, rent, sanction, tolerance, treaty, vest, warrant
CHARTER. A grant made by the sovereign either to the whole people or to a
portion of them, securing to them the enjoyment of certain rights. Of the
former kind is the late charter of France, which extended to the whole
country; the charters which were granted to the different American colonies
by the British government were charters of the latter species. 1 Story,
Const. L. Sec. 161; 1 Bl. Com. 108 Encycl. Amer. Charte Constitutionelle.
2. A charter differs from a CONSTITUTION in this, that the former is granted by the sovereign, while the latter is established by the people themselves : both are the fundamental law of the land.
3. This term is susceptible of another signification. During the middle ages almost every document was called carta, charta, or chartula. In this sense the term is nearly synonymous with deed. Co. Litt. 6; 1 Co. 1; Moor. Cas. 687.
4. The act of the legislature creating a corporation, is called its charter. Vide 3 Bro. Civ. and Adm. Law, 188; Dane's Ab. h.t.
CHARTER, mar. contr. An agreement by which a vessel is hired by the owner to another; as A B chartered the ship Benjamin Franklin to C D.


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While the gossip circuit is abuzz about Shakira's post-baby abs (which are divine and deserve to be in an oblique hall of fame), we can't stop staring at these runway shots of You! Lingerie, a new maternity line by Uyo Okebie-Eichelberger. The debut at Lingerie Fashion Week in New York was a marvelous sight. We learned that one of the models on the catwalk actually strutted on her due date (wearing 5-inch heels, mind you). "Boring just got reinvented!" says Eichelberger. "No expecting or breastfeeding mom ever has to wear frumpy lingerie or break the bank to feel and look sexy." The lingerie is mostly lace, and the straps are removable for easy nursing that won't sacrifice form. While we don't want to contribute to the pressure on women to look glam and sexy throughout their pregnancies, it's nice to know that the option is there should we want to get our Demi on.
And if you're not with child, you'll surely find some dramatic and gorgeous pieces in these collections by Lola Haze, Betty Page Lingerie and Affinitas. Feast your eyes on a bevy of corsets, bustiers and the finest nylon stockings – oh my!


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"Changes in intrinsic functional brain connectivity after first-time exposure to parabolic flight", 39th ISGP Meeting & ESA Life Sciences Meeting, 2018.
"The effect of spaceflight and microgravity on the human brain", Journal of Neurology, vol. 246, issue 1, pp. 18-22, 2017.
"Intrinsic connectivity reduces in vestibular-related regions after first-time exposure to short-term gravitational alterations", Scientific Reports, vol. 7, issue 3061, 2017. Download paper (3.47 MB)
"Cortical reorganization in an astronaut's brain after long-duration spaceflight", Brain Structure and Function, vol. 221, issue 5, pp. 2873–2876, 2016. Download paper (820.49 KB)


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Axeva brauchte ein neues Logo Design und hat einen Wettbewerb auf 99designs gestartet.
Aus 52 Designs von 31 Designern wurde eine Gewinner gewählt.
Vector logo needed for Paws Pet Services to use on the web and in print. Please read full details for more information.
Paws Pet Services
Desired Color Scheme:
Plumb Purple & Black (recommend, but not required)
Desired Style:
No specific style is required, so be creative. Impress us with your imagination!
Accepted File Formats:
Illustrator (.ai)
Paws Pet Services needs a new logo created to represent their business. This logo will be used on their web site (under construction), and in their print advertising as well (letterhead, business cards, ads, etc.). They want the logo to be fun, professional, creative and eye-catching. Use your imagination!
Client Input
The client envisions the word Paws in large print on top, and the Pet Services underneath in smaller print. They would like to see if the top of the "P" in Paws could be somehow shown as a dog's paw print. They'd also like to see some random paw prints under the Pet Services. This could be literally below the words, or perhaps behind them.
For a color scheme, the client likes a Plumb-ish Purple and Black.
Please Note: their input is a suggested starting point. Use your imagination. If you have a great idea for this logo that is completely different than what they've provided, go for it. You are the creative experts. They are looking for your help to develop the best logo possible.
I have set the deadline for this contest to be one week from now. I would like to be able to present designs to the client before then, however. In my experience with these contests, the early bird often gets the worm, so get your designs in early and often. I will try to provide feedback on every design as quickly as possible.
Please let me know if there are any questions, and thank you for your participation!
Finden Sie heraus, wie ein Designwettbewerb funktioniert, oder lernen Sie mehr über unsere Logo-Design-Angebote.


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Snapchat claims it reaches 41 percent of Americans between 18 and 34 years old on any given day.
Donald Trump's presidential campaign is trying to win that group over with a new Snapchat geofilter debuted on Monday, the day of his first debate with Hillary Clinton.
The star- and firework-spangled "Debate Day" filter uses Trump's trusted epithet for Clinton, "crooked Hillary" on top, where it reads: "Donald J. Trump vs. Crooked Hillary." The national, sponsored filter was paid for by Donald J. Trump for President, Inc., according to fine print on the filter itself and confirmed by Snapachat.
U.S. & World
Geofilters are a feature on Snapchat that lets users overlay images onto their photos or videos. They're often of city or town names, but users can design and purchase their own filters to be used in certain places for periods of time. The filters must be approved by Snapchat.
Clinton and her allies were outspending Trump's campaign in TV ads by a 5-to-1 margin as of last week, NBC News reported. Clinton has purchased ads on Snapchat before, including during the Republican National Convention, but didn't have a Snapchat filter of her own on Monday.
The Trump campaign — which has grown in part on the strength of the candidate's Twitter presence — is no stranger to using social media to score points in the debate. Earlier this month, Donald Trump Jr. drew outrage along with retweets when he posted an image showing the internet meme Pepe the Frog, which as been used by some white nationalists, next to his father.


text:
Web Content Display Web Content Display
Welcome to the Naval Postgraduate School Student Services Office
Nearly 1,300 students attend the Naval Postgraduate School. The student body consists of officers from the five U.S. uniformed services, officers from approximately 30 partner countries and a small number of civilian federal and state employees.
Student Services is the principal organization responsible for oversight, coordination, and administrative support of the university's student population, regardless of the accession source. In that role, the mission of Student Services is to provide support for the duration of your time as a student, from enrollment through graduation.
We are committed to providing each student the necessary administrative support for both, academic and career requirements.
For Dean of Students questions or to schedule an appointment, please email firstname.lastname@example.com
Web Content Display Web Content Display
Office Hours:
Mon-Thur 0730-1600
Fri 0730-1400
Web Content Display Web Content Display
Quick Links
Web Content Display Web Content Display
Contact Us
NPS Student Services
1 University Circle Herrmann Hall, Rm. 039
Monterey, CA 93943-5100
(831) 656-3816
NPS Admissions
1 University Circle Herrmann Hall, Rm. 019
Monterey, CA 93943-5100
(831) 656-3093
Other Numbers
NPS Phone Directory: Here


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The Caves July 2012
Aerial view from helicopter of The Caves in Negril, Jamaica on July 31, 2012.
Up the hot tub stairs
An intersection on the hot tub stairs
Dragon Stout Beer
Dragon Stout was introduced in 1920, is sweeter than Guiness from D&G who also brew Jamaica's most famous export Red Stripe.
The Butterfly View
Sparkling water from the winter sun.
Butterfly window on December 23, 2009
Stairs to the Moonbean Cave
The stairs from Moonbeam Cave up to the Stone Table and Gazebo in front of the Moon Shadow.
The Gazebo
Looking up at the Gazebo.
Sunset Champagne
A glass of champagne for sunset in the Butterfly window.
Green Butterfly
A green butterfly
Butterfly View
Large Rock off The Sands Stairs
Ladder at Moonbeam Cave
The ladder a the Moonbeam Cave entry
Out Hot Tub Window
View of the water and cliffside from the hot tub window.
Cliffside Near Sundancer
The umbrella on the cliff spot below Sundancer.
Coconut Shop
The roadside place Mr Bond took us to buy fresh coconut water.
Moonbeam Cave Archway
Sunset against the cliffs below the Morning Lounge.
Moonbeam Cave Stairway
Stairs up to the Stone Table and Gazebo below Moon Shadow.
Mouth of Moonbeam Caves
Sunset in Moonbeam Cave
Sunset in Moonbeam Caves
Sunset from Cave #1 with platform
Sunset from Cave #1 with laddder and platform
Out Archway of Moonbeam Cave
Looking out toward the entrance to Moonbeam Cave.
Vegatable Lasagna Lunch
Vegatable lasagna, avacado slice, green beans, & festival
Red Ginger (Alpina)
Red Flowers often found in the rooms, lounges or office.
Pink Hibiscus
Closeup of a pink Hibiscus
Hibsicus near Morning Lounge
Paul's Office
The tallest cliff jumping spot at the Caves
View from The Sands
Looking towards Butterfly/Sea Turtle and the Evening Lounge
Sea Grapes
Sea grapes
Blue Water from Butterfly
The reef below Butterfly
The Sands Jump
The jump at The Sands
Morning Lounge to The Sands
An aerial view of The Caves from the Morning Lounge to The Sands
Spa to Butterfly
An aerial view of The Caves from the Spa to the Evening Lounge
Spa to Sundancer
An aerial view of The Caves from the Spa to the Sundancer
Island Princess in Montego Bay
The Island Princess cruise ship moored in Montego Bay
Old Red Stripe Sign near MBJ
A Red Stripe sign that used to be on the hill near MBJ Airport
Top of the Negril Lighthouse
Closeup of the Negril Lighthouse's top
Sunset at the Stardust
Sunset at the Stardust
Sunset on the first floor balcony at Stardust


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Everyone knows that, when it comes to red carpet affairs, no event does it better than the Oscars. Celebrities try to make extra effort to show up in beautiful designs, and from that "red catwalk" we can always notice some trends that emerge.
And in this year's event the trend that caught our eye was colour. Sure, there was a clear trend in shape, regarding a more slimline sillouette - and a favouritism to a more minimalistic approach in make-up and accessories -, but the most striking affair were dfinitely the colours because of the similarity of tones presented by the attendees. Reds, nude tones adorned with embellishment, giving an illusion of texture and movement, and tones of lavender and purple were the main choices of colour (click on images for details):
Sandra Bullock in Vera Wang and Jennifer Lawrence in Calvin Klein
Michelle Williams in Chanel Couture and Mandy Moore in Monique L'Huillier
Cate Blanchett in Givenchy Couture and Natalie Portman in Rodarte
As mentioned above, also a noticeable trend was the minimalistic approach towards make-up. All but very few of the atendees wore heavy make-up and there is a clear trend for a more subtle approach, focusing primarily on perfecting the skin and achieving a more "natural" look:
Two things worth mentioning (and viewing) were the seven dress changes Anne Hathaway did while presenting the Oscars and the dress Cate Blanchett chose to wear, a Givenchy Couture. Anne hired stylist Rachel Zoe to help her in the dress changes and the result was very pleasing. Most dresses suited Anne's personality and style, and were from powerful names within the fashion industry.
Cate Blanchett surprised every style newscaster on the red carpet with her Givenchy Couture dress. It may not be to everyone's taste - especially to those who are not deep into fashion - but it suits perfectly the actress and is more than just a style statement. For me, best of the evening by a landslide. But indeed, too fashion-forward for many.


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« Previous Page
En Español
Blood pressure is a
measure of how hard the blood pushes against the walls of your arteries as it
moves through your body. It's normal for blood pressure to go up and down
throughout the day, but if it stays up, you have high blood pressure. Another
name for high blood pressure is hypertension.
When blood pressure
is high, it starts to damage the blood vessels, heart, and kidneys. This can
lead to
heart attack,
stroke, and other problems. High blood pressure is
called a "silent killer,'' because it doesn't usually cause symptoms while it
is causing this damage.
Your blood pressure consists of two
systolic and diastolic. Someone with a systolic
pressure of 120 and a diastolic pressure of 80 has a blood pressure of 120/80,
or "120 over 80." Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg).
An ideal blood pressure for an adult is less than 120/80. High blood pressure is 130/80 or higher. You have high blood pressure if your top number is 130 or higher or your bottom number is 80 or higher, or both.
About half of the adults in the United States have high
blood pressure.footnote 1
In most cases,
doctors can't point to the exact cause. But several things are known to raise
blood pressure, including being very overweight, drinking too much alcohol,
having a
family history of high blood pressure, eating too much
salt, and getting older.
Your blood pressure may also rise if you
are not very active, you don't eat enough potassium and calcium, or you have a
condition called
insulin resistance.
High blood pressure doesn't
usually cause symptoms. Most people don't know they have it until they go to
the doctor for some other reason.
Very high blood pressure
can cause severe headaches and vision problems. These symptoms can
also be caused by dangerously high blood pressure called
malignant high blood pressure. It may also be called a
hypertensive crisis or hypertensive emergency. Malignant high blood pressure is
a medical emergency.
Most people
find out that they have high blood pressure during a routine doctor visit. After measuring your blood pressure, your doctor may ask you to test it again when you are home.footnote 2
If you have high blood pressure, your doctor will give you a blood pressure goal. Your goal will be based on your health and your age.
You can help lower your blood pressure by making healthy
changes in your lifestyle. If those lifestyle changes don't work well enough, you may also
need to take pills. Either way, you will need to control your high blood
pressure throughout your life.
Treatment depends on how high
your blood pressure is, whether you have other health problems such as
diabetes, and whether any organs have already been damaged. Your doctor may also check your risk for other problems, such as heart attack and stroke.
Most people take more than one pill for high blood
pressure. Work with your doctor to find the right pill or combination of pills
that will cause the fewest side effects.
Making lifestyle changes can help you to
prevent high blood pressure. You can:
Health Tools help you make wise health decisions or take action to improve your health.
Learning about high blood pressure:
Being diagnosed:
Getting treatment:
Ongoing concerns:
Living with high blood pressure:
Experts know that
many things are linked to high blood pressure. But experts still
don't fully understand the exact cause. Things that are linked to
high blood pressure include:
Primary, or essential, high blood pressure is the most
common type of high blood pressure. Most people who have high blood pressure
have primary high blood pressure.
Secondary high blood pressure, which is caused by
another disease or medicine, is less common.
Elevated blood
pressure readings may not always mean that you have high blood pressure. For
some people, just being in a medical setting causes their blood pressure to
rise. This is called
white-coat hypertension.
People who have
high blood pressure usually don't
have any symptoms. Most people who have high blood pressure feel fine. It's during
a routine exam or a doctor visit for another problem that they find out that they
high blood pressure.
Very severe high
blood pressure (such as 180 over 110 or higher) may lead to
malignant high blood pressure. This is also called
hypertensive emergency or hypertensive crisis. Very severe high blood pressure
is a medical emergency. Symptoms of very severe high blood pressure
Healthy arteries have smooth inner walls. Your blood flows
through them without a problem. The blood vessels stay strong and
But when you have
high blood pressure, blood flows through your arteries
with too much force, even though you can't feel it. Over time, this pressure damages the walls of your arteries. They aren't smooth anymore. They get rough spots on
them where fat and calcium start to build up. This buildup is called
plaque (say "plak").
Plaque is part of atherosclerosis, sometimes called "hardening of the arteries." Over time, the plaque narrows the artery and blocks blood flow through it.
Atherosclerosis makes your arteries narrower. It also makes them
stiffer. Blood can't flow through them as easily. This lack of good blood flow
starts to damage some of the organs in your body.
This damage doesn't happen all at once. It
happens slowly over time. But you can't tell that it's happening, because you
don't feel anything. It can lead to:
Things that increase your risk (risk factors) for
high blood pressure include:
Other possible risk factors include:
Call 911 anytime you think you may need emergency care. This may mean having symptoms that suggest that your blood pressure is causing a serious heart or blood vessel problem. Your blood pressure may be over 180/110.
For example, call 911 if:
Do not wait until your blood pressure comes down on its own. Get help right away.
Call your doctor now or seek immediate care if:
Watch closely for changes in your health, and be sure to contact your doctor if:
Your blood pressure can be
For diagnosis and management of high blood pressure,
The main test for
high blood pressure is simple, fast, and painless.
These are the usual steps:
After measuring your blood pressure, your doctor may ask you to test it again when you are home.footnote 2 This is because your blood pressure can change throughout the day. And sometimes blood pressure is high only because you are seeing a doctor. This is called white-coat hypertension. To diagnose high blood pressure, your doctor needs to know if your blood pressure is high throughout the day.
So your doctor may ask you to monitor your blood pressure at home to make sure that it actually is high. You may get an ambulatory blood pressure monitor or a home blood pressure monitor. These devices measure your blood pressure several times throughout the day.
All adults should have their blood pressure checked regularly.footnote 2
Your doctor can let you know how often you should get your blood pressure checked. It may depend on what your blood pressure is and your risk for heart disease. You can get your blood pressure checked during any routine medical visit.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) makes these recommendations about how often to check your blood pressure:footnote 2
The automated devices you find in grocery stores
or drugstores may not be accurate. Having your blood
pressure checked at the doctor's office is best.
home blood pressure monitor makes it easy to keep
track of your blood pressure. It's a good idea to bring your home monitor to the doctor's office to check its accuracy.
Besides taking your blood
pressure, your doctor will do a
physical exam and medical history. Your doctor may also have
you get other tests to find out whether high blood pressure has damaged any
organs or caused other problems. These tests may include:
Your doctor may also check
your risk of
a heart attack and stroke.
If your doctor recommends a test, ask what it is for and why you need it. You can help decide if a test is right for you. Talk with your doctor to make that decision. For more information, see Heart Tests: When Do You Need Them?
high blood pressure can lead to heart attacks or
strokes. The higher your blood pressure, the greater
your risk. Lowering blood pressure lowers the risk of
damaging blood vessels and getting atherosclerosis.
High blood pressure
usually can't be cured. But it can be
controlled. The two types of treatment for high blood pressure
Your doctor will give you a blood pressure goal. Your goal will be based on your health and your age. Your blood pressure goal can help you prevent problems caused by high blood pressure.
For some people, lifestyle changes may be enough to lower their blood pressure. Whether this is an option for you depends on how high your blood pressure is and whether you have other health problems, such as diabetes or heart disease.
Your doctor may suggest that you make
one or more of the following changes:
For tips on how to do these things, see the Living With High Blood Pressure section of this topic.
One Woman's Story:
Izzy, 60
"I could never have imagined I could get
(my blood pressure) down so low by losing weight. I feel sure it was the WAY I
lost weight, with DASH."-Izzy
Read more about Izzy and how she uses the DASH eating plan.
If lifestyle changes don't lower your blood pressure to your goal, you may need to take daily medicines as
Medicines control-but usually don't
cure-high blood pressure. So you will probably need to take them
for the rest of your life. Most people need to take two or more medicines.
Some people find it hard to take their
medicines properly. They may feel it's too much trouble-especially when they don't feel sick. Or they're worried about side effects. Some people find it hard to keep track of when and how to take their medicines.
If you have trouble taking high blood
pressure medicines for any reason, talk to your doctor.
One Man's Story:
Tyrell, 35
learned that it doesn't matter how healthy you feel-if you have high blood
pressure, you're sick and you'd better do something about it."-Tyrell
Read more about Tyrell and why he started taking his medicines properly.
A heart-healthy lifestyle can help you prevent
high blood pressure. These changes are especially
important for people who have risk factors for high blood pressure that cannot
be changed, including
family history, race, or age.
Here are some things you can do:
For help with all of these, see the Living With High Blood Pressure section of this topic.
Heart-healthy lifestyle changes are important to help control
high blood pressure. These changes can help lower your risk for
coronary artery disease, heart attack, and
A heart-healthy lifestyle is always important, even if you take medicines too.
Some people can even take less
medicine after making these changes.
Make these
lifestyle changes to help lower your blood pressure and lower your risk for heart attack and stroke:
Making any kind of change in the way you live your
daily life is like being on a path. The path leads to success. Here are the
first steps on that path:
For help making lifestyle changes, see the topic Change a Habit by Setting Goals.
"A big
lesson I learned is that everything we do routinely is a habit. And habits can
be changed. I'm living proof."-Izzy
Read more about Izzy and how she changed her eating habits.
Arturo, 58
soon as I mentioned [to my wife] that I needed help, she got out a pen and some
paper and started writing out a walking schedule."-Arturo
Read more about Arturo and how he got support for his lifestyle changes.
Deciding whether to treat
high blood pressure with medicine and choosing the
best medicine may depend on:
Doctors usually prescribe a single, low-dose medicine
first. If blood pressure is not controlled, your doctor may change the dosage
or try a different medicine or combination of medicines. It is common to try
several medicines before blood pressure is successfully controlled. Many
people need more than one medicine to get the best results.
Medicine choices include:
All of these medicines are effective for lowering the
risk of
heart attack and
Work with your doctor to find the right medicine or
combination of medicines that have the fewest side effects and work well for
you. And be sure to take your medicines regularly as prescribed.
You may have regular blood tests to monitor how the medicine is working in your body. Your doctor will likely let you know when you need to have the tests.
"For a
few months I was really good about taking (my pills) every day. But they made
me a little tired, and I got tired of being tired."-Tyrell
Read more about Tyrell and why he returned to taking his medicine every day.
Complementary medicine
is treatment that you use in addition to your doctor's standard care. Tell your doctor if you are using, or if you plan to use, complementary medicine to help lower your blood pressure. These treatments do not replace lifestyle changes or medicine for high blood pressure. You and your doctor can decide which therapy might be best for you.
Complementary treatments that help manage stress and improve quality of life may help lower blood pressure. These treatments include:
Most mind and body practices-such as acupuncture, meditation, and yoga-are safe when used under the care of a well-trained professional. Choose an instructor or practitioner as carefully as you would choose a doctor.
There are some dietary supplements that you may hear about to lower the risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. It is not clear if some vitamins, minerals, and multivitamins can lower risk. But it is clear that some supplements, such as vitamin E and beta-carotene, do not lower risk.footnote 3
Talk with your doctor about the best ways to lower your risk of heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. Tell your doctor if you plan to use dietary supplements or vitamins. Your doctor can make sure they are safe for you.
Muntner P, et al. (2017). Potential U.S. population impact of the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association high blood pressure guideline.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, published online November 13, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.073. Accessed November 20, 2017.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2015). Hypertension in Adults: Screening and Home Monitoring: Final Recommendation Statement. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/high-blood-pressure-in-adults-screening. Accessed January 21 , 2016
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2014). Vitamin, mineral, and multivitamin supplements for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspsvita.htm. Accessed March 28, 2014.
Other Works Consulted
Atkins GB, et al. (2011). Diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. In V Fuster et al., eds., Hurst's the Heart, 13th ed., vol. 2, pp. 1585-1605. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Brook RD, et al. (2013). Beyond medications and diet: Alternative approaches to lowering blood pressure. A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension, 61(6): 1360-1383. DOI: 10.1161/HYP.0b013e318293645f. Accessed February 19, 2014.
Cheriyan J, et al. (2010). Primary prevention of CVD: treating hypertension, search date December 2007. Online version of BMJ Clinical Evidence: http://www.clinicalevidence.com.
Eckel RH, et al. (2013). 2013 AHA/ACC guideline on lifestyle management to reduce cardiovascular risk: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2013/11/11/01.cir.0000437740.48606.d1.citation. Accessed December 5, 2013.
Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents (2011). Expert panel on integrated guidelines for cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children and adolescents: Summary report. Pediatrics, 128(Suppl 5): S213-S256.
Go AS, et al. (2013). An effective approach to high blood pressure control: A scientific advisory from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hypertension. DOI: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000003. Accessed December 30, 2013.
Henri HC, Rudd P (2007). Hypertension: Context and management. In EJ Topol, ed., Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 3rd ed., pp. 88-108. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
James PA, et al. (2013). 2014 Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: Report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). Journal of the American Medical Association. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.284427. Accessed December 18, 2013.
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (2006). Your Guide to Lowering Your Blood Pressure With DASH (NIH Publication No. 06-4082). Available online: http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/hbp/dash/new_dash.pdf.
Pickering TG, et al. (2008). Call to action on use and reimbursement for home blood pressure monitoring. A joint scientific statement from the American Heart Association, American Society of Hypertension, and Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association. Hypertension, 52(1): 10-29.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2008). 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (ODPHP Publication No. U0036). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Available online: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/default.aspx.
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2015). Hypertension in Adults: Screening and Home Monitoring: Final Recommendation Statement. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/high-blood-pressure-in-adults-screening. Accessed January 21 , 2016
Whelton PK, et al. (2017). 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology, published online November 13, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006.
Accessed November 20, 2017.
ByHealthwise StaffPrimary Medical ReviewerAdam Husney, MD - Family MedicineKathleen Romito, MD - Family MedicineE. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal MedicineSpecialist Medical ReviewerMartin J. Gabica, MD - Family Medicine
Current as ofDecember 19, 2017
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Current as of:
December 19, 2017
Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
& Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine & E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine & Martin J. Gabica, MD - Family Medicine
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