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Relationship Management
Ask the Expert: Why we need the right Commercial Model to Drive Collaboration
Published: 19 Feb 2020
Average Rating:
/ 5
Type: Ask The Expert / Thought-Leadership Webinars
Why we need the right Commercial Model to Drive Collaboration?
The benefits of collaboration are legion. In the IACCM research report 'Unpacking Relational Contracts', we see that the role of collaboration in commercial dealings is becoming even more impor...
Ask the Expert: Why doing the Right Thing Matters
Published: 17 Feb 2020
Type: Ask The Expert / Thought-Leadership Webinars
Business ethics is the application of ethical values to business behaviour. It goes beyond the legal requirements for a company and is, therefore, about discretionary decisions and behaviour guided by values. It is relevant both to the conduct of the organisation and the condu...
Ask the Expert: The Case for Optimism - what are you optimistic about?
Published: 23 Jan 2020
Average Rating:
/ 5
Type: Ask The Expert / Thought-Leadership Webinars
How many business leaders do you know who aren't optimists?
Indeed, IACCM surveys have suggested that our members often attribute failed projects to the over-optimism of top management. As a result, many see the role of contract and commercial managers as bri...
IACCM Asia Pacific Conference, July 2019
Published: 13 Aug 2019
Average Rating:
/ 5
Type: Conference / Meeting Presentations
Watch some of the highlights from this year's Asia Pacific Conference in Sydney.
Thank you once again to everyone who joined us - delegates, speakers, sponsors, startup hub participants, Leaders of the Future and Awards finalists!
Are negotiators in the Western world stupid?
Published: 20 Jan 2020
Average Rating:
/ 5
Type: Commitment Matters Blog
Are negotiators in the Western world stupid? This may seem a rather provocative question - but it is apparently a question frequently asked by business people in Asia, based on their experiences with counterparts from the Western world.
Ask the Expert: The Contract Management Operating Model - improving organizational capabilities
Published: 16 Dec 2019
Average Rating:
/ 5
Type: Ask The Expert / Thought-Leadership Webinars
With a Contract Management Operating Model, you can systematise your work with contracts and commercial relationships. It enables you to achieve the full potential of your contracts and at the same time helps you secure compliance. This webinar will give you an introduction to...
Ask the Expert: Tips for managing vendor-to-supplier-to-customer contract relationships
Published: 04 Oct 2019
Average Rating:
/ 5
Type: Ask The Expert / Thought-Leadership Webinars
Commercial contract negotiation is hard enough when only two parties are involved, but many of today's complex offerings require the co-ordination of multiple supplier solutions to deliver a single customer outcome. In this webinar, contract managers and business leaders ...
Ask the Expert: The Difference between Mediation and Arbitration
Published: 29 Nov 2019
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/ 5
Type: Ask The Expert / Thought-Leadership Webinars
The main difference between arbitration and mediation is that in arbitration the arbitrator hears evidence and makes a decision. In mediation, the process is a negotiation with the assistance of a neutral third party. The parties do not reach a resolution unless all sides agre...
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Related Discussions
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erdemir engineering management and co...
2020-02-09 09:11:49
Force Majeure due to Coronavirus
Can coronavirus considered as a force majeure in contract management ?
Can coronavirus considered as a force majeure in contract management ?
• Parker Hannifin Corporation, Aerospace Group • 2020-02-13 22:43:22
I would say yes. This 'Act of God' is causing many companies to shut-down temporarily.
• GKN Aerospace • 2020-02-18 13:29:30
Yes - in most cases it will be ( unless of course the contract excludes medical issues or similar)
• Norfolk County Council • 2020-02-18 15:46:34
Might be worth considering what your response was to previous pandemic flu etc and treating similarly
• Capgemini • 2020-02-20 20:32:38
yes, I considered a supervening fact, would be impossible to predict the existence and its effects when signing a Contract...
Replies: 4
PRS for Music
2019-11-25 10:04:11
Joint Ventures - Can you help
Hi All Does anyone manage a JV contract and would be willing to speak to me? My team are managing a JV where we are both a joint owner with two other societies, plus ...
Hi All
Does anyone manage a JV contract and would be willing to speak to me? My team are managing a JV where we are both a joint owner with two other societies, plus we supply also them with a few services.
I would love to speak to someone who is also in this position and can discuss the governance structure they have set up ect.
Hopefully, someone out there will be able to spare me some time to discuss the pitfall and best practice they have encountered.
• Tullow OIl • 2019-12-11 10:27:59
In the oil and gas industry we manage JVs with a joint operating agreement. I'm not sure if that's helpful at all.
Replies: 1
T2 Systems Canada Inc.
2019-11-04 17:48:25
Municipalities not required by law to indemnify a Vendor
During negotiations, municipal/city customers tell me they are not required to indemnify a vendor as required by state law. I'm not arguing the law, but (i) this does ...
During negotiations, municipal/city customers tell me they are not required to indemnify a vendor as required by state law. I'm not arguing the law, but (i) this does not seem fair while attempting to negotiate a fair contract and (ii) if this must be the way, does anyone have a great idea to provide a counter to this. Currently, I change our customer indemnity language to state "the Customer is responsible for its acts and omission etc....
SAAB Dynamics AB
2019-10-09 08:53:37
Transparency in Distributor Agreements
I'm currently working on a Distributor Agreement and the distributor is prompting for exclusivity in the country which they will be working in. We don't want...
I'm currently working on a Distributor Agreement and the distributor is prompting for exclusivity in the country which they will be working in. We don't want to give them exclusivity (corporate decision). The distributor wants some kind of writing in the agreement which can assure them that we won't be looking for other distributors in the conutry and that we will have an open and transparent dialogue regarding business opportunities.
Anyone who has an idea of a good transparency clause to include in the agreement?
Any input and other ideas are highly appreciated!
• Eaton Aerospace LLC • 2019-10-29 20:08:14
Hello Lamija, I have encountered this situation numerous times (in an industry other than the one I am in currently). My approach to this, usually with success, was to define a clause wherein the distributor is given a very clear revenue/sales goal for a defined period of time (say, 6 months to one year) during which we would not grant exclusivity, nor would we actively seek another distributor. If the distributor met the clearly defined objectives, we would then negotiate an exclusive arrangement. Many factors contribute to this scenario, however, such as the relative size of the market, the number (or lack) of distributors in the sector, the risk associated with "betting" on a single player, cultural social/considerations, etc.
In short, exclusivity based on proven performance. I hope that proves helpful.
Replies: 1
BT Procurement
2019-08-20 16:52:58
Cultural effectiveness
I work in a multi cultural environment. My company is truly a global player, and I manage a team spread out the Americas Region: USA, Canada and Latin America. This su...
I work in a multi cultural environment. My company is truly a global player, and I manage a team spread out the Americas Region: USA, Canada and Latin America. This subject is very close to my heart, and I am a truly believer in the benefits of diversity and multi-cultural teams. The usual feedback of my team members is that they appreciate the multi cultural environment and the richness of interacting with people from different culture, languages, backgrounds. Cultural diversity can totally help a lot in creativity, team building and certainly results.
2019-07-28 06:49:22
For Agreement between the Parties of differnet origin , the aurgument starts up on Jurisdiction and governing law for the AGreement. while both the Parties are interes...
For Agreement between the Parties of differnet origin , the aurgument starts up on Jurisdiction and governing law for the AGreement. while both the Parties are interested in proposing law of their respective country to be made applicable to the AGreement, I want to know whether there is any list of prioritised or ranked Jurisdiction/ Govering law like World bank ranks each country a ranking for " ease in doing business" and almost 190 countrites are listed. For example, I propose indian law and other Party would prefer Laws of Singpore to be governing law. Can parties choose England and wales as nuetral or any other preferred law.
• 2019-08-30 18:01:18
In the US, Texas or New York are largely considered "neutral territory" whereas in Europe, until very recently UK law was considered neutral. I think that may change with the recent political upheaval.
• Ministry of Defence • 2019-10-04 08:50:59
Or try international trade law?
• Legal and Commercial Training Limited • 2019-11-05 09:40:02
In the case of one party proposing Indian law and the other proposing Singapore law, the parties may well choose the law of England and Wales as both Indian law and Singapore law are based upon English and Welsh common law. (Note that there is no such concept as "UK law" as one commentator has suggested below).
However, a party should consider a wide range of factors before proposing a particular governing law and should weigh up the legal and commercial advantages and disadvantages of all the options.
One factor may be the degree of certainty that a contract will be interpreted in a particular way. English law adheres to the doctrine of binding precedence. Some legal systems do not. This could lead to significant uncertainty as to how the law will be applied.
In English law, it may be perceived that the courts allow a greater degree of freedom of contract. Subject to certain exceptions, freedom of contract in English law means that commercial parties are completely free to make disastrous bargains. This illustrates the comparative reluctance of the English courts to interfere on policy or other grounds to rewrite the parties' contracts for them.
For example, in English law it is possible, provided very clear wording is used, to include an exclusion clause that excludes any and all liability whatsoever, even for a deliberate breach of contract. And there is still no recognition of a duty of good faith being applied generally to commercial agreements (but watch this space!). This may or may not be an advantage to you but it remains the case that the courts are likely to give effect to the wording of the contract without imposing their opinions as to what does or does not amount to good faith.
And you may wish to consider the approach of a particular legal system to particular clauses.
For example, in English law, a liquidated damages clause will be subject to the clarification set out recently by the Supreme Court with a subsequent judgment, applying that test, indicating that a freely-negotiated LD clause is likely to be upheld subject to the requirements set out by the Supreme Court. Under UAE law, such a provision would be subject to Article 390(2) of the Civil Code and either party may apply to the court to adjust the agreed amount of compensation so it is equal to the loss. If Indian law were to apply, we would have to consider the effect of section 74 of the Indian Contracts Act 1872.
English law will also recognise an asymmetric jurisdiction clause.
And it may be that the choice of law clause will be reflected in the choice of jurisdiction. So, English law and the English courts. If the choice of courts is to reflect the choice of law, it may well be the consideration should be given to the efficacy of the court system and the technical expertise and other qualities of the judges.
Lots to consider.
Replies: 3
Marshall Denning
2019-06-12 10:55:59
8 payment schemes
Jacko mentions there are 8 different payment schemes - do we know which?
Jacko mentions there are 8 different payment schemes - do we know which?
• Ngamuru Advisory • 2019-06-15 23:42:10
In terms of the 8 different payment schemes I was specifically referring to what we call 'payment curves' (see attached graphic) as opposed to payment regimes such as cost+ (time and material), fixed price, cost + fixed fee, etc. In this light these are grouped into 5 main families with a couple of variations inside each. These are as follows:
- 'all or none' payment curves
- Linear payment curves
- Non-linear payment curves
- Alternative payment such as demerit point and visual payment curves
- Matrix payment curves
The intent of this discussion is to simply highlight that the choice of payment curve, similar to the choice of performance measure and level, can have a significant impact on the success (or otherwise) of the overall performance management framework. My blog (www.performancebasedcontracting.com) has 3 posts specifically on this topic including the graphics.
I hope this helps and answers your questions. However, please let me know if you have any further questions.
Replies: 1
Occidental Petroleum Corporation
2019-02-12 17:17:02
Cloud Contracting
I am interested in perspectives on various issues and contracting approaches for the use of cloud services, particularly from niche providers who may, in-turn, actuall...
I am interested in perspectives on various issues and contracting approaches for the use of cloud services, particularly from niche providers who may, in-turn, actually have their applications hosted on a third-party provider like Microsoft, Amazon, Rackspace, etc. I'm looking for perspectives on the entire gambit of issues, including - protection measures used for data at-rest and in-transit; protection of video and images; right of return of all data upon request of customer; obligations of the supplier to delete data when no longer needed (either during the course of performing the services or upon termination of the services and return of the data to the customer); background checks on employees who may have access to the data; monitoring of access by all supplier personnel; business terms like fluctuations in the use of the service (bandwidth, storage space, processing capabilities); right to move the data to different locations in the same country; right to move data to a different country for processing and/or storage; obligations to notify in the case of suspected or actual breach/compromise of data.
• AusNet Services • 2019-02-28 18:18:23
Hi Mark, Happy to discuss. Send me an email via marie.cullen@
and I can talk about the principles I use.
In my view I don't believe, as a community, we have fully bottomed out all the risks associated with these types of engagement.
• Nokia Solutions and Networks Australia Limited • 2019-06-04 05:22:18
Hi Mark
For a very good, concise review of the principles and issues of cloud agreements generally, covering most of your points above (my view anyway), you might also check out David W. Tollen's book "The Tech Contracts Handbook" online or via this website:
I did buy his book, and think highly of it. Notably good balance between concept and practical drafting approaches, not just for cloud matters either.
NB: Personal opinion only, not necessarily that of my employer.
kind regards
Replies: 2
2019-02-12 17:03:56
Limitation of Liability
I was recently having coffee with four other individuals involved in contracting for IT Professional Services. During the course of conversation one of the participan...
I was recently having coffee with four other individuals involved in contracting for IT Professional Services. During the course of conversation one of the participants suggested that rather than having unlimited direct liability for certain aspects (breach of confidentiality, indemnification of third-party claims, gross negligence and willful misconduct) that EVERYTHING be limited to the extent permitted by law -- but then increase the limitation to a number that would cover the majority of potential issues ($5,000,000 USD was a suggestion).
When questioned, the participant stated that when it comes to contracting parties where one has "deep pockets" and the other does not, having the unlimited liability may sound nice on paper, but in reality it is a one-way protection that benefits the party that does not have deep pockets. Effectively, if the party that does not have deep pocket had a very large claim against them, they could declare bankruptcy and later reorganize as a different business concern - while the deep pocket party with the same claim would be obligated to pay.
Their perspective was in essence: No consequential damages; limit all direct damages to a pre-defined/agreed amount ($5,000,000 or amount that will cover 90%-95% of historic claims in the industry); and include indemnification from third-party claims in the cap.
• 2019-07-13 18:32:13
I agree with the idea, basically due to the possible huge claims that may cause extreme damage to the supplier.
sometimes the liability is capped to the total amount of the contract money value, which seems only fair to me as a professional against going with unlimited liability clause, however is there any case that this may be rejected by the client?
This is a good notion. I recall many years ago a friend of mine who had a well documented idea for a screenplay. The agent he showed stole it (allegedly) and a big entertainment company benefited (allegedly). My friend wanted to sue and he had a great case, but the other side simply put a giant pile of money on the table with a grinning lawyer sitting on the top of it and he had to back down. If he had the option to settle "a couple of hundred" I think he would have taken it.
• UK Department for Education - Education and Skills Funding Agency • 2020-01-31 10:08:26
the problem with limiting losses to the contract value is that in a professional services situation for example the advice given will relate to a much higher value. Eg. advice given costs £300,000 but the advice given is about the terms of a construction contract worth £10,000,000. If the works are faulty and have to be rebuilt, and the contract cannot be relied upon as a result of negligent advice, the loss to the client may well far exceed the £300,000 fee level. the client should be able to pursue the builder but here can't due to negligent advice from the lawyer. the client should be able to pursue the lawyer, but if they agreed a cap of £300k they will not get very far.
Hence you often see clients wanting a cap related to the value of the contract advised on rather than the fees paid for the advice. Insurance should be taken out but that may not cover all losses.
Replies: 3
2019-01-03 10:38:17
ADVICE NEEDED: difficult contract management position - customer & shareholder contracts
Hi, My company outsources key services to another company (Company X). However, we also own a portion of Company X as it was set up as a joint venture. I am the contr...
My company outsources key services to another company (Company X). However, we also own a portion of Company X as it was set up as a joint venture. I am the contract manager for the services Company X provides to us (I'm the customer). I am also the contract manager for the services my company provides to Company X, as part of the joint venture. I find this position very difficult and would like to build a strong case for hiring another manager to take one of the contracts. Are there any principles in IACCM I can use to help build this business case?
Any advice/recommendations would be greatly appreciated,
• Frank's International • 2020-01-10 19:34:37
It creates a conflict of interest in which the other members of the joint venture could be affected negatively.
• Allianz Technology • 2019-01-10 08:45:28
I'm just trying to understand your position.
Considering that you are managing all contractual relationship with another company (buy and sell side) sounds actually good from your company perspective. It would mean, that your leadership can expect you to have a full overview about the contractually back and forth with this JF. Therefore I assume it's hard to change the mind of your leadership, since I would expect them to see your doublerole as positive.
However on the other side, there is your personal position, meaning being something in the middle of a sandwich, right? I'm not sure about your empowerment, but in worst case you have also very limited authority to change some company rules (discounts, penalties, payment conditions, acceptance criteria etc.). And on buy side you usually have different contractual expectation than on sell side. I assume, this is the tricky part in your situation. Fulfilling the internal requirements for buy- and sell side with the same contractual partner at the same time (and maybe also your partner asks you if you are a bit crazy, since requesting sooo different contracts when you are either on sell side or on buy side).
When the conditions your company expect in contracts are very different on sell side and buy side, this should be communicated as an issue (to your leadership). I think there are 2 options as solution: either the requested second CM as you suggest, or an escalation to the leadership to align clear buy and sell conditions between your company and the JF, which are equal to both parties. such framework conditions would make at least your position more clear. And maybe there won't be anymore need of a split of the CM roles buy side and sell side?
Since I couldn't find many information in your post, I hope, this is somehow helpful?
If your uncomfortable position has other reasons, please let me know.
• Omaha Public Power District • 2019-01-21 20:58:03
I probably would start collecting facts: Firstly, establish the relationship between Your Company ("Y Company") and Company X ("X Company") by looking at any specific, written agreement about the services ("X and Y Services"). Also, establish clarity around (1) Y Company's services to be provided to X Company, and (2) X Company's services to be provided to Y Company. At this point, are there any conflicts that you can see/anticipate in your ability as the Contract Manager during the provision of X and Y Services, that perhaps could result in non-performance or non-compliance? Also, how do you escalate and cure any issues of non-performance (for example)? Secondly, I would review the files documenting any legal review, if any, prior to said agreement being reviewed for signature/execution. Were there any concerns that were raised and eventually resolved (internally)? AT the very least, you could start with the resource allocation -- that is, regarding your time management and how to better allocate your skills - in developing your case. Hope this helps. Regards ~ Rose
• CoreLogic • 2019-05-17 09:01:17
Its an interesting role and I recommend your decision to bring in another manager to take one of the contracts.
I would recommend to present this as two different roles:
On the buy side - Contract Manager would play role of a customer and to manage Company X, need to drive and establish Vendor Management Discipline around Contract Administration / Governance / Service Performance / Financial Management / Risk and Compliance
On the sell side - Contract Manager would play role of an engagement partner to drive business relationship / Value addition to Company X/ increase revenue generation from Company X to your company / Joint go-to-market strategy if possible.
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Replies: 4
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text:
Download >> Image Shrink—Batch resize v2.4.10.00 Apk | 70 KB | Resumable Links |
Requires Android:1.5 and up
It's an easiest way to shrink photos and send them with e-mail.
Image Shrink (Resizer)
- – Added vietnamese translation
App Review:
Shrink/resize your photos with just one click before you send it.
Send images to Image Shrink by "share" or "send to" before you send them to target app.
Please try Lite version first before you buy this full version.
Usage 1 – Launch from Gallery
1. Open images with you favorite viewer(e.g. Gallery)
2. Click "share" or "send to". A dialog pops up.
3. Choose Image Shrink.
4. Choose image size.
5. Choose target application you want to send the shrunken image to.
Usage2 – Launch from mail apps
1. Click attach button on an email app
2. Choose Image Shrink.
3. Choose Gallery.
4. Choose image to shrink.
5. Choose target application you want to send the shrunken image to.
This app have following features that other similar apps don't have.
* keep GPS info.
* keep Exif rotation info.
* keep all Exif tags.
* automatic shrunken file deletion.
* some hacks to pass shrunken images to MMS on HTC sense.
Lite version is also available. Only full version have following features.
* shrink multiple images
* more size options than Lite version
* auto delete old shrunken images
On force close, it should make log file on SD card like /sdcard/ImageShrink/log.txt.
Please send it to me.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Instrument: SAR : Synthetic Aperture Radar
Instrument Category:
Earth Remote Sensing Instruments
Instrument Class: Active Remote Sensing
Instrument Type: Imaging Radars
Associated Platforms
Related Data Sets
View all records related to this instrument
Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)provides the capability of acquiring imagery inclement weather or during night as well as day. SAR systems take advantage of the long-range propagation characteristics of radar signals and the complex information processing capability of modern digital electronics to provide high resolution imagery. Synthetic aperture radar complements photographic and other optical imaging capabilities because of the minimum constraints on time-of-day and atmospheric conditions and because of the unique responses of terrain and cultural targets to radar frequencies.
Synthetic aperture radar technology has provided terrain structural information to geologists for mineral exploration, oil spill boundaries on water to environmentalists, sea state and ice hazard maps to navigators, and reconnaissance and targeting information to military operations. There are many other applications or potential applications. Some of these, particularly civilian, have not yet been adequately explored because lower cost electronics are just beginning to make SAR technology economical for smaller scale uses.
Sandia has a long history in the development of the components and technologies applicable to Synthetic Aperture Radar -- 40 years in radar, antenna, and miniature electronics development; 30 years in microelectronics; and 25 years in precision navigation, guidance, and digital-signal processing. Over the last decade, we have applied these technologies to imaging radars to meet the needs of advanced weapon systems; verification and nonproliferation programs; and environmental applications. Sandia's expertise in electromagnetics, microwave electronics, high-speed signal processing, and high performance computing and navigation, guidance and control have established us as world leaders in real-time imaging, miniaturization, processing algorithms, and innovative applications for SAR.
Additional information available at
[Summary provided by Sandia National Laboratories]
Online Resources
Instrument Logistics
Instrument Owner: Sandia National Laboratories


text:
A yellow weather warning has been issued as as Storm Brian is set to batter parts of the North West this Saturday, says the Met Office.
READ MORE: What are spring tides and why do we have them?
And residents in coastal areas are being warned to be prepared as winds of up to 70mph winds and high 'spring' tides that may lead to flooding, dangerous conditions and travel disruption.
The warning is in place throughout Saturday, October 21 from 4am until midnight.
A Met Office spokesman said: "An intense low pressure system is expected to bring a swathe of strong winds over southwestern areas early on Saturday, these steadily transferring east through the morning and early afternoon.
"The winds initially southwesterly will gradually turn westerly later whilst also slowly easing.
"Gusts exceeding 50 mph are expected widely within the warning area, with gusts of around 70 mph along exposed coastal areas. These are expected to coincide with high tides, leading to locally dangerous conditions around the coast.
"Some coastal routes and communities are likely to be affected by large waves, with potential for flooding of properties.
"Some transport disruption is likely across the warning area, with delays to road, rail, air and ferry transport. Short term loss of power and other services is also possible."


text:
Larry K. Monteith Engineering Research Center
Scroll below for building history
Location: Centennial Campus
Built 1996
Sq. Footage
The building is one of the most sophisticated research buildings on campus, is funded by the state along with the College of Textiles. It houses a structures lab that is paired with a large concrete mass used as a point of reference in test processes and special "clean-rooms" for diminishing the total number of particles per cubic foot of space.
The building is named for former Chancellor Larry K. Monteith. A native of
Bryson City, North Carolina, Monteith had a 41 year career associated with
NC State. He was the university's eleventh chancellor, serving from 1989 -
1998. He also was dean of engineering from 1978 - 1989.
"From the initial concept for the Engineering Graduate Research Center in 1979, to the passing of the bond referendum in 1993, to the grand opening celebration in 1997, Larry Monteith championed the cause of making this unique center become a reality," said Nino A. Masnari, former Dean of the College of Engineering. "Having the buidling bear his name is a fitting tribute to his impact on engineering education and the history of NC State University."
"Larry K. Monteith not only was a leader at NC State, but he was a leader for all of North Carolina", said William C. Friday, president emeritus of the University of North Carolina system and an alumnus of NC State. "He was a visionary who helped bring Centennial Campus to life, and he was part of a group that helped give shape to the concept of the Research Triangle. But maybe the best thing you can say about Larry is that he was devoted to the students of NC State and took a genuine interest in their success."
An expansive glass wall allows observers in the courtyard to view public activities within the building. Art and other works will regularly be displayed in a three-level galleria arcade and also in the beautifully designed contemporary, brick plaza in front of the building. The plaza covers a five-and-a-half level parking garage, demonstrating one of the creative uses of space that the University has adopted to guide the planning of Centennial Campus.
An adjoining Constructed Facilities Laboratory opened at the same time as part of the engineering research complex. Together these two buildings provide research, education and demonstration facilities for the College of Engineering to use in developing partnerships with industry and government. Among the many components in the main laboratory building are the Center For Advanced Electronic Materials Processing, Analytical Instrumentation Facility, Biomedical Microsensors Laboratory, Power Semiconductor Research Center, Microelectronics Systems Laboratory, manufacturing clean rooms and teleconference rooms.


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Obama S Man in Afghanistan S Oruzgan Province
Military Resistance 11A16
[Thanks To Dennis Serdel]
Obama's Man In Afghanistan's Oruzgan Province:
Accusations Of Corruption And Collusion That Swirl Around Him.
"Although He Has Been Accused Of Corruption And Drug-Running — Allegations He Denies — Matiullah Has Made Himself Indispensable To U.S. Interests"
"Oruzgan's Lucrative Opium Crop Gets To Market Primarily Via Roads Controlled By Matiullah's Men"
Gen. Matiullah Khan: PHOTOGRAPH BY: Carolyn Cole / Los Angeles Times
Like other Afghan strongmen supported or tolerated by American forces, he has the gunmen and the iron fist to hold off the Taliban, even at the cost of undermining the very government institutions the U.S. is trying to bolster.
Despite attempts to sideline warlords, men like Matiullah remain in power because the weak and corrupt central government has little authority, especially in remote areas, and U.S. forces need strong military allies where the Afghan army is unreliable.
January 12, 2013 By David Zucchino, Los Angeles Times. Special correspondent Hashmat Baktash contributed to this report
TARIN KOWT, Afghanistan — A shy boy with filthy hands and a shabby tunic approached the great man, bowed and tried to kiss his hand.
Gen. Matiullah Khan was seated like a sultan on a cushion in his hojra, his airy receiving room. He barely looked at the boy. He nodded to an aide, who withdrew a thick wad of Pakistani rupees from his pocket and handed it to Matiullah.
The most powerful man in Oruzgan province, a warlord and tribal leader turned police chief, glanced at the cash. Then Matiullah pressed the entire roll into the boy's hand.
"Nobody helps the people; it's up to me," Matiullah said as the boy withdrew.
Thousands of desperately poor Afghans in this remote province rely on Matiullah for charity and protection.
And his presence here is equally important to the U.S. military, which views Oruzgan as a linchpin in southern Afghanistan. It relies on Matiullah to support a U.S. special forces team and to secure the crucial supply road from Kandahar to Tarin Kowt, the provincial capital.
Matiullah is America's go-to man in Oruzgan, a mountainous badlands that was a Taliban stronghold before Matiullah beat the insurgents back.
Not much happens in Oruzgan without Matiullah's blessing. He approves government appointments and directs government services. He says he has paid from his own pocket to build 75 mosques, two schools, a hospital and his own modern police headquarters.
Although he has been accused of corruption and drug-running — allegations he denies — Matiullah has made himself indispensable to U.S. interests.
Like other Afghan strongmen supported or tolerated by American forces, he has the gunmen and the iron fist to hold off the Taliban, even at the cost of undermining the very government institutions the U.S. is trying to bolster.
Despite attempts to sideline warlords, men like Matiullah remain in power because the weak and corrupt central government has little authority, especially in remote areas, and U.S. forces need strong military allies where the Afghan army is unreliable.
President Hamid Karzai formalized Matiullah's control over Oruzgan by naming him police chief in August 2011.
The NATO-led International Security Assistance Force says its convoys have suffered only three attacks on the Kandahar-Tarin Kowt supply road in the last two years.
For the last decade, Matiullah's gunmen have secured the winding dirt road, earning the chief millions of dollars in fees from trucking companies that contract with ISAF to deliver supplies to Tarin Kowt.
He says he pays 1,200 gunmen to protect the convoys, in addition to his cops stationed at posts along the road — meaning he makes a profit from security provided in part by government-paid police.
ISAF spokesmen deflected questions about Matiullah's relationship with coalition forces, referring a reporter to the Afghan Interior Ministry, which directs the Afghan National Police.
Ministry spokesman Sediq Sediqi denied that Matiullah was involved in the opium trade — a claim made by his political rivals — or that he maintained a private militia.
"A Base For U.S. Special Operations Task Force Southeast Is Just 200 Yards From His Sprawling Compound"
Matiullah is literally at the center of the coalition military presence here.
A base for U.S. Special Operations Task Force Southeast is just 200 yards from his sprawling compound, which is powered by an enormous generator in a province with no electricity service. An Australian special operations base lies across a muddy field.
The chief's compound overlooks a busy military airport where Apache attack helicopters soar toward the mountains day and night to support Special Forces operations. His reception room is festooned with photos of him posing with U.S. Special Forces soldiers.
There are framed certificates of appreciation from a series of Special Forces teams.
One, from a commander in April 2011, reads: "Your superior work ethic, professionalism, expertise and bravery are the epitome of the Special Forces motto: The Quiet Professionals."
U.S. special operations commanders declined to answer questions about Matiullah's role or allow interviews with the U.S. team here.
Matiullah said special operations teams visited his compound often, and that he supplied them with security and intelligence.
"They are my good friends," he said. "They don't know who are our friends in Oruzgan and who are our enemies. I know very well, so they rely on me."
Enemies from rival tribes have portrayed Matiullah as a warlord with his hands on the levers of graft.
Matiullah dismisses the accusations with a wry smile.
He considers himself a man of the people and his government rivals as thieves who steal salaries, weapons and equipment meant for his 3,160-man police force.
Elders in villages a three-hour drive from Tarin Kowt praise Matiullah for opening the only roadway from the capital and lining it with police checkpoints after years of Taliban assassinations and kidnappings. But they complain that security has not brought help from the central government in faraway Kabul.
"When the Taliban were here, the government said they couldn't give us schools and clinics because there was no security," said Abdul Manan, a leader in the village of Marabat. "Now we have security, but where is the government?"
"A Decade Ago, Matiullah Was A Lowly Highway Cop"
Matiullah rose from outwardly humble origins. A farmer's son, he never attended school. He is illiterate; his police officers read aloud from official papers before the chief signs them. He writes his name laboriously on each document.
A decade ago, Matiullah was a lowly highway cop. He has since built a power base through guile and savvy, and via his hereditary role as a leader of the powerful Popalzai tribe. Matiullah said he protected Karzai, a fellow Popalzai, when Karzai took refuge in Oruzgan as the U.S.-led invasion was toppling the Taliban regime in 2001.
Matiullah then commanded a mountain militia that waged a guerrilla war against the Taliban in Oruzgan, the birthplace and former power base of the Taliban's spiritual leader, Mullah Mohammed Omar.
"During the Taliban time, the people trusted Mullah Omar. Now they trust Matiullah Khan," said police Lt. Col. Abdullah Sultani, the chief's liaison to the Interior Ministry.
Matiullah is close to Karzai, who presides over a kleptocracy in which his cronies have access to graft and sweetheart contracts.
The chief was also close to Karzai's half brother Ahmed Wali Karzai, the political boss of Kandahar who was assassinated in July 2011 and had been described by U.S. officials and others as flagrantly corrupt.
Now Matiullah lives in a mansion on a compound that includes a radio station, swimming pool, rose garden, guest quarters and mosque. Many of his radio station employees double as police officers.
He travels in a fleet of Humvees painted green, protected by a phalanx of cops and gunmen. He says the Taliban, under orders from Inter-Services Intelligence, Pakistan's intelligence agency, has tried to assassinate him at least six times. He claims the Pakistani agency directs and controls the Afghan Taliban.
Matiullah looks nothing like the aging, paunchy warlords the U.S. relies on elsewhere in Afghanistan. At 38, he is slender and physically fit, with a trimmed beard and thinning black hair combed into a widow's peak. He wears a neatly pressed gray wool police general's uniform, or a pristine white shalwar kameez, the baggy Afghan tunic and trousers.
He smiles often and projects an air of calm and civility.
People here say many things about Matiullah, but on this much they agree: He has brought a measure of stability to a province that two years ago was dominated by the Taliban.
"Before Matiullah, the police chiefs were afraid to send their men out of Tarin Kowt," said Faiz Mohammed, a district governor in Oruzgan. "Matiullah has chased away the Taliban. Now the roads are open and the police are in their posts there day and night."
In 2010, then-Oruzgan Police Chief Juma Gul Himat told the New York Times that Matiullah's security company was "an illegal business" that he tried to shut down. Now an official at the Interior Ministry in Kabul, Himat says that though Matiullah's police could use more discipline, the chief has delivered security.
"I've talked to a lot of villagers and elders in Oruzgan, and they're all thinking positive about Matiullah Khan," Himat said.
A large neon sign over the guest quarters features a photo of Matiullah and a message: "The hero of peace and unity." His photo is pasted to the windshields of police vehicles. It adorns the walls of rural police posts and the main traffic circle in Tarin Kowt.
"The Chief Also Denies Accusations By Rivals That He Has Colluded With The Taliban"
Matiullah is not charitable toward other provincial officials appointed by the Kabul government. He regards the Oruzgan governor, Amir Mohammad Akhundzada, with a mixture of scorn and pity, saying he "does nothing but sit in his office." He is contemptuous of Afghan army units, saying they're afraid to leave their bases except for major operations.
The governor declined to discuss Matiullah, saying he was busy. Maj. Gen. Zahir Azimi, the Afghan army spokesman in Kabul, said the army had had great success in Oruzgan, working closely with Matiullah's police.
Despite Matiullah's successes, the Taliban still maintains a presence here.
Insurgents have mounted two deadly suicide bombings in Tarin Kowt in recent weeks, and roadside bombs are a constant threat. On Dec. 26, a turncoat police officer and Taliban cohorts killed three of Matiullah's cops and wounded two others as the men slept inside a police post less than three miles from Matiullah's office.
Oruzgan's lucrative opium crop gets to market primarily via roads controlled by Matiullah's men. Yet he denies any role in drug trafficking, saying his police recently seized and burned 3 tons of opium on a local road, arresting 18 men.
The chief also denies accusations by rivals that he has colluded with the Taliban. "Impossible," he said. "I'm fighting them.... I'm stronger than they are, so why would I need to work with them?"
ISAF convoys have been well protected from the Taliban on the Kandahar-Tarin Kowt road, he said. But over the last decade, he said, 470 of his men have been killed in Taliban attacks there.
Each week, dozens of supplicants line up in Tarin Kowt to implore Matiullah for cash or help. He recently boosted teachers' salaries by $100 a month each, he said. He pays for student scholarships in Kabul, and for food and clothing for the poor and dispossessed.
"The government is supposed to provide all this, but they don't. I do," he said.
And still the demands come.
A police officer approached the chief at his desk to request money for a police training course in Kabul. The Interior Ministry had refused to pay, he complained.
Matiullah shrugged and reached into his pocket. He withdrew a bundle of cash the size of a pomegranate and peeled off several large bills. The officer bowed and saluted.
Next was a leathery old man with a soiled cloak and calloused hands. In a high, squeaky voice, Haji Abdul Wadud poured out a tale of woe: Heavy rain had flooded his village in nearby Shamansor. He had pleaded with the governor for help but was turned away.
And another thing: The village could use a mosque, he told the chief.
Matiullah gave a dry laugh. He told an officer to help the man write a letter to the governor demanding help. The chief himself would sign it.
"If he doesn't help you, come back to me," Matiullah said.
And the mosque? the old man asked.
Matiullah patted the elder's bony arm. "It's winter now, and rainy," he said. "But in the spring you will have your mosque."
Foreign Occupation "Servicemember" Killed Somewhere Or Other In Afghanistan:
Nationality Not Announced
January 16, 2013 AP
A foreign servicemember died following an improvised explosive device attack in southern Afghanistan today.
British Soldier Dies From Afghan Combat Wounds
16 January 2013 London Evening Standard
A British soldier has died in hospital from wounds suffered in combat in Afghanistan, the Ministry of Defence said today.
The serviceman, from 1st Battalion The Duke of Lancaster's Regiment, was wounded in fighting in the Lashkar Gah district of Helmand Province on January 14.
He was flown back to the UK for treatment at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham, but died earlier today.
His next of kin have been informed.
The Colony Soldier Laid To Rest
Jan 8, 2013 By Catherine Ross, NBCUniversal, Inc.
Family and friends gathered Tuesday to lay Sgt. Enrique Mondragon to rest.
The 23-year-old The Colony resident was killed in action on Christmas Eve during his second tour of duty in Afghanistan.
Mondragon's father, Sergo Martin del Campo, told NBC 5 in Spanish that his son is an American hero and said his service was a source of pride. Thanks to the young man's strong faith, the family is sure he is serving a new mission in heaven, he said.


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|"Harry, your eyesight really is awful."
The title of this article is transcribed from an image. Due to several factors, including poor image quality and difficult-to-read fonts/handwriting, it may have been transcribed incorrectly. If you have a higher quality version of the source image, or a more accurate reading of the text, please visit this article's talk page.
R. Wilde Aston (c. 1835 - 15 April, 1865) was a man buried in the cemetery of the Parish Church of St. Clementine in Godric's Hollow. During his life, he lived in Queen Square, London.[1]
- Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows: Part 1 (Name seen on headstone)
Notes and references
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Consumer Rights Clinic (Bay Point)
February 15, 2019 @ 9:30 am
SparkPoint - Contra Costa East
3105 Willow Pass Rd
Bay Point, CA 94565
3105 Willow Pass Rd
Bay Point, CA 94565
Please call 925-252-2300 to RSVP
Bay Point
Bay Area Legal Aid hosts Consumer Rights Clinics in Bay Point at SparkPoint – Contra Costa East every Third Friday of the month at 9:30 am and 1:00 pm.
BayLegal Staff and Volunteers assist with preparing answers and asserting defenses to third-party debt collection (junk debt buyer) lawsuits; protect exempt income from garnishment; prepare discovery; and stop debt collection harassment.
*RSVP Required: Please call 925-252-2300 to RSVP so we can provide appropriate staffing and translation.
Speak with an attorney about your consumer legal issues or if you are considering bankruptcy.
- Are you being sued on a credit card debt?
- Do you have a court date coming up in your debt collection lawsuit?
- Are you being harassed by debt collectors?
- Do you need foreclosure help?
- Are you struggling with the effects of foreclosure?
- Do you need information about bankruptcy?
- Do you want to find out if your income is protected from collection activities?
- Do you need help filing a wage garnishment claim of exemption?
- Are there errors on your credit report?


text: RBTP 2015 Coaches Cup Tweet 2015 RBTP Coaches Cup winners Northern New Jersey © The New York Red Bulls Training Programs has a group of over 160 youth coaches who work extremely hard throughout the Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter seasons to help spread the Red Bulls Training philosophies and methodologies. Through team and recreational training, Spring Break and Summer camps, Winter Skills Clinics, Urban Soccer Programs, Believe Clinics, and many other activities and training sessions our coaches work nearly non-stop to motivate players to love and enjoy the great game of soccer. As the main seasons (Spring, Summer and Fall) came to a close, these amazing trainers had the opportunity to prove that they aren't just great coaches, but good players too, in the Red Bull Training Programs Coaches Cup. Teams were compiled based on the region they mainly worked in throughout the year. This breaks down to six regions roughly in the following areas: Southern and Central New Jersey Northwest New Jersey Northern New Jersey Westchester County and Hudson Valley New York Manhattan and Regional Development School (RDS) Other NYC Boroughs and Long Island New York From the get go, the regional managers were taking this very seriously and showed up in their best Pep Guardiola, Jose Mourinho and, yes, even our very own dapper Jesse Marsch impersonations. They were decked out in suits usually reserved for the sidelines of the best leagues in the world, or getting married – as proven by Westchester County and Hudson Valley Head Coach John Birchall who wore his wedding suit. The teams were divided into two divisions: New Jersey and New York. Northwest Jersey took the NJ Division with 1-0 wins in their two group games. With the Manhattan/RDS taking the NY Division by winning 1-0 over Long Island and 2-0 over the Westchester County and Hudson Valley team. After the group stages the Southern and Central NJ team and the Westchester County and Hudson Valley team had to call it a day as they did not advance to the playoffs. The playoffs proved to be just as hard fought with the final ultimately pitting Northern New Jersey against the Manhattan/RDS team. In the end North New Jersey, led by Training Programs representative Steve Jones, took the trophy with a 2-1 win. The games proved to be as competitive as hoped with some tremendous skill, teamwork and banter from the coaches and players alike. "Fantastic opportunity for all of our Training Programs coaches within the tri-state area, both partial and full availability, to get together in a competitive free play environment and have an opportunity to demonstrate their playing abilities," Tournament Commissioner and RBTP Coach Operations Coordinator Grant Findlay said. "This is very different to what we demand from our coaches on a day-to-day basis where they are the ones creating the learning environment and coaching young players within a structured training session. Nonetheless, it was very apparent that many of our coaches play either competitively and/or recreationally on a regular basis out with their Red Bull coaching assignments – as the quality of play across the board was excellent." "Additionally, as the high majority of our staff are very competitive in nature, the introduction of the Coaches Cup trophy gave the tournament a lot of edge and thereby resulted in several tense moments; from RDS/Manhattan beating Long Island on penalties, to Northern New Jersey's last gasp winner in the final. Overall I feel this was a very successful event and it is definitely something we will be hosting at the end of every fall and spring season going forward." All-in-all it was great day to see our trainers getting out and enjoying the game that they work in every day. We at New York Red Bulls could not spread the love and passion of the game without these tremendously dedicated coaches and we thank them every day for the hard work and dedication each and every one of you have shown to the Red Bulls and the game of soccer. Back to news


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About General Education
The University of Missouri is committed to providing its students with the knowledge, skills and attitudes expected of informed and responsible citizens. Graduates of MU must be able to understand complex issues that go beyond their academic field.
General education courses are the foundation upon which all University of Missouri degrees are built. Through general education courses, students acquire:
- Proficiency in writing, speaking, mathematics, computer use and information management.
- Increased understanding of the nature of knowledge and the ways of thinking in the social and behavioral sciences, physical and biological sciences, and humanities.
- An appreciation of the fine arts.
- Knowledge to improve critical and analytical thinking.
- An understanding of our culture and history.
Students must complete the general education requirements. With careful planning, some courses may be chosen to meet both University general education requirements and one or more of the divisional, degree and major requirements.
Students are strongly encouraged (and in some divisions required) to meet with an academic adviser in his/her field to ensure adequate progress towards the selected degree and major. For some divisions, courses listed at this site do not count, or count differently. Check with your adviser to make sure this course works for your program before you enroll in a class.


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June 2008
Tackling Climate Change
Running out of power
by Jennifer Taylor
Will our nation's electric system continue to provide a reliable, safe and affordable supply of power in coming years? This question was asked most recently by the North American Electric Reliability Corp. (NERC), a Princeton, N.J.-based non-profit organization charged with monitoring America's power system reliability.
In October 2007, NERC published its annual Long-Term Reliability Assessment, which provides a forecast on how much electric generating capacity will be available during the next decade. The report also estimates how much electricity people will use.
The organization's findings revealed that plans to build power plants and high-voltage transmission lines lag behind the expected growth in consumption. They also match a U.S. Department of Energy forecast that demand for electricity nationally will increase by 40 percent during the next 22 years. Even if the country can dramatically increase efficiency and conservation programs, electricity demand will continue to grow as our economy and population grows.
NERC warned, "Demand for electricity is expected to increase over the next 10 years by approximately 18 percent in the U.S., but confirmed generation capacity will increase by only 8.5 percent; expansion and strengthening of the transmission system continues to lag demand growth and expansion of generating resources in most areas." To grasp the impact of that statement, consider these facts about generation, transmission and demand for electricity:
• Electricity can't be stored — it must be used immediately and flow continuously. Electric energy generated at a power plant flows through high-voltage transmission lines to substations, where it is reduced to a lower voltage for safe distribution to homes and businesses. Reliability refers to the availability of electricity when and where consumers need it, without interruption.
• Not every power plant generates electricity all of the time. Across the country on any given day, it is normal for numerous plants to be shut down due to a broad range of issues, such as scheduled maintenance, fuel availability or price, or low water levels at a dam where a hydroelectric power plant operates.
• High-voltage transmission lines carrying electricity from generating plants to distribution substations need regular and emergency maintenance. Vegetation management to clear rights of way, or weather events, such as ice storms or tornadoes, can interrupt the flow of electricity on these "power highways."
For consumers to receive reliable electric service, a certain amount of extra capacity must always be available. NERC has stated that generation capacity margins should average 15 percent or more. In other words, power plants should be able to produce approximately 15 percent more electricity than consumers are expected to use during times of peak demand — the electric utility industry's equivalent of rush-hour traffic. This helps ensure sufficient power in an emergency or if a specific power plant needs to be shut down for service.
The NERC report also found that even if all power plants under construction now are completed on time and begin generating electricity in the amounts slated, and new construction ramps up according to plans now underway, generation capacity margins will drop below minimum reliability margin levels in certain areas of the United States within the next two to three years.
Regions affected include California, Rocky Mountain states, New England, Texas, the Southwest and Midwest. Other parts of our country could face a reliability gap a few years later. In western Canada, the problem could become apparent to consumers within two years.
In addition to the needed power supply, transmission capacity needed to deliver the power is projected to increase by a bit less than 9 percent in the U.S. — and by just 4.8 percent in Canada over the next 10 years.
All of this means that a sudden surge in weather-caused disruptions or a batch of construction delays could leave consumers facing immediate and recurring disruptions in their supply of electricity.
Glenn English, CEO of the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association based in Arlington, Va., believes the NERC study shows that the nation's lawmakers and regulators must quickly come to grips with the difficult challenges of meeting future energy demand.
"The generation and transmission needed to supply everyone with electricity will get built," says English. "Electric co-ops, as not-for-profit, consumer-owned utilities, have an obligation to serve. The issue is how we manage rising costs associated not only with the fuels needed to produce electricity and construction materials like steel, copper and concrete, but climate change as well. Policymakers must seek out solutions that are feasible technologically and can be sustained economically — remedies that will allow electric co-ops to continue providing reliable, affordable power in an environmentally responsible fashion."
In its report, NERC examines other significant problems that could affect reliability. These include the need to attract well-trained younger workers to replace the aging workforce of electric utility professionals, and how to deal with renewable energy concerns such as intermittency — the fact that wind only blows about 40 percent of the time and generally not on hot, humid weekdays in the summer when power consumption skyrockets, and the sun doesn't shine during nighttime hours.
"Beginning now, start doing everything you can to use electricity wisely," NERC encourages consumers — turn off lights when not in use, replace old appliances and equipment with more energy-efficient models, and manage electricity use carefully.
Taylor writes for the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association.
Send a letter to the editor for possible publication
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It's all happening in Peckham at the minute and the film-loving folk behind London's Rooftop Film Club know it. They're set to bring the magic of the silver screen back to one of London's earliest cinemas with the launch of Winter Film Club.
For the month of December, Winter Film Club will take residency in Peckham's cherished Electric Theatre to screen an eclectic mix of classics, new releases and Christmas showstoppers.
Staying close to their Peckham roots, the Winter Film Club will set up home in the stunning Edwardian cinema - First open to the marvelling public in September 1908, it was one of the first of the pioneering and influential Electric Theatres across London. After winning last year's battle against turning the space into luxury flats, Winter Film Club is celebrating the theatre's rich heritage by returning the space to its original purpose. With beautiful decaying walls, exposed original features and a 16' x 9' screen, Winter Film Club will stick to the cinema's original ethos – etched on the old theatre's door – 'To Elevate, Instruct and Amuse'
Winter Film Club will boast a varied programme to please Elves and Scrooges' alike, featuring Louis Theroux's My Scientology Movie, British fan-favourite Love Actually, The Rocky Horror Picture Show, Finding Dory, Casablanca and Absolutely Fabulous. The plush curtain will call with Christmas classics like It's A Wonderful Life, Miracle on 34th Street, Elf, Home Alone and Die Hard.
Home to a licensed bar serving festive liquid refreshments and concessions to grab a snack or some freshly cracked popcorn to share. Settle in to a deckchair, slip the head phones on, step back into time and watch a festive favourite amongst one of London's unique settings.
- From Thursday 1st December – Friday 23rd December
- Winter Film Club, 133 Rye Lane, Peckham, London SE15 4ST
- Tickets: £13
- TICKETS RELEASED ON: Wednesday 9th November


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How Many Taxa Per Name?
A while back I pondered a seeming contradiction between the way zoological nomenclature is practiced and what the ICZN actually says. To illustrate, let's consider the case of Columbina Illiger 1811 and Columbina Spix 1825. The former is a subtribe, typified by Genus Columba, and the latter is a genus. It's possible for Columbina Illiger 1811 to include Columbina Spix 1825, although, as I understand it, they would generally be considered disjoint taxa, with Columbina Spix 1825 in another subtribe.
In several places, it seems as though the ICZN would not allow one name to refer to different taxa. The Preamble states that one of its objectives is "to ensure that the name of each taxon is unique and distinct", and Art. 52.1 states that, "When two or more taxa are distinguished from each other they must not be denoted by the same name." Logically, it would seem that Columbina Spix 1825 should be considered invalid, and that Columbina Illiger 1811 should have priority.
But this is not how the code is interpreted. There is an understanding that homonymy only occurs within rank groups (family group, genus group, species group). Since Columbina Spix 1825 is a genus-group name and Columbina Illiger 1811 is a family-group name, they can't be homonyms. (Elsewhere, a term has been coined for such apparent homonyms: "hemihomonyms".)
This understanding is implicit. Nowhere does the ICZN explicitly lay it out. The closest it gets is in Article 53, which discusses the particulars of how homonymy works. It discusses homonymy within the family group, homonymy within the genus group, and homonymy within the species group. Nowhere does it discuss homonymy between rank groups. Only by this omission does the code hint at the idea that homonymy only occurs within rank groups.
I've communicated with several taxonomists, including people involved with the ICZN, and they all seem to agree that this is the code's intent and that the wordings in the Preamble and Art. 52.1 are confusing. Hopefully a future version of the code will clarify this.
When a Code Is Not a Namespace
So, with that more or less settled, now I'm back to my original problem. In Names on Nodes, authorities (such as nomenclatural codes) are treated as namespaces, i.e., sets of distinct names. So far as I know, there is no problem in treating the other codes (including the PhyloCode) in this manner, but apparently the ICZN does not work this way. Suppose I refer to the ICZN using a URI based on its ISBN number:
urn:isbn:0853010064. What would the qualified name
urn:isbn:0853010064::Columbina refer to?
Here are a few ideas I've come up with.
One Code, Three Namespaces
So the ICZN doesn't function as a namespace—but it does function as three namespaces, one for each rank group. I could use each zoological rank group as a namespace. The only problem with this is that there is no standard URI to refer to each group. At least, I don't know of any—if there is one, speak up! (I suppose I could use the draft BICI standard to refer to the particular page in the code where it defines the rank group in question, but that's a bit awkward.)
Orthographic Differences
Note that Columbina Illiger 1811 is in normal font and Columbina Spix 1825 is italicized. I could use this to distinguish the names from each other, e.g.,
urn:isbn:0853010064::Columbina (the subtribe) vs.
urn:isbn:0853010064::_Columbina_ (the genus). For consistency, this would have to be done to species names as well, e.g.,
This isn't the only way to do it, though. The ICZN makes a further distinction, putting family group names in all-capital letters, e.g., COLUMBINA Illiger 1811. (Although it never states this as a rule, and most publications don't follow this convention.) I could follow this convention in the qualified names, e.g.,
urn:isbn:0853010064::COLUMBINA (the subtribe) vs.
urn:isbn:0853010064::Columbina (the genus). No change would be require for qualified species names, e.g.,
Augmented Local Names
Another possibility is to consider the rank group to be an essential part of the name itself. This could be reflected in a qualified name by augmenting the name with a prefix, e.g.,
urn:isbn:0853010064::fam:Columbina (the subtribe) vs.
urn:isbn:0853010064::gen:Columbina (the genus). To be consistent, this would have to be applied to species names as well, e.g.,
What About Other Names?
The ICZN has few rules to do with names above the level of the family group, and overall it doesn't govern much about them. Thus there are all kinds of examples of homonymous taxa above the rank of family group. For example, Pterodactyloidea Plieninger 1901 is a suborder which includes Pterodactyloidea Meyer 1830, a superfamily. "Decapoda" is the name of an order-group taxon in two different phyla, Arthropoda and Mollusca. Etc., etc.
I had wanted to be able to use qualified names for all zoological names, but I'm having trouble seeing how that will be possible for those ranked above the family group. I'll probably have to use the coining publications themselves as authorities, or a URI (e.g., an LSID) for each name. Rather inconvenient.


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Welcome to the Waterford Public Library
The Waterford Public Library has been serving the "river communities" of Waterford and the surrounding towns and villages for over 120 years. Over that time, the definition of library services has changed and evolved numerous times. What hasn't changed is our commitment to provide the level of service our customers expect and deserve. And although those expectations have also changed in many ways, we will continue to the best of our ability to meet them consistently. We may be small in size and staffing, but don't underestimate our ability and desire to help our community know and grow, both today and for the journey ahead. We look forward to seeing you in the library soon!


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Thank you.. Chris .
Thank you.. Chris .
The Ellis Academy is a great school. friendly atmosphere, i came back to choi after 8 year break and all of the instructors and assistant instructors have been extremely helpful in getting my training back on track. Cannot wait for my daughter to be old enough to start training there. I would recommend the school to anyone for its family orientated atmosphere but also for the knowledge and experience the schools instructors and assistant instructor provide.
A great Dojo with a fantastic atmosphere. The people are really nice and easy to talk too! And the instructors teach you from the ground up!!! Sooooo happy I'm a part of this Academy! Thanks guys and keep up the amazing job!!!
Ellis Academy is truly an amazing place. People there, the owners, students and everybody else is very nice, polite, understanding and friendly which creates a lovely atmosphere and a nice place to be around to learn about Martial Arts, respect and discipline. I have been a student there before my self and my experience was undoubtedly exelent. All the instructors take every student individually which makes you feel like you are a part of it from day one. Would strongly recommend to anyone who is interested smile emoticon .. great academy.


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What is air pollution control about?
Particulate matter and other air pollutants
Breathing clean air is a basic human need. However, air pollution is caused by human activities. Energy consumption, road transport, agriculture and the production of goods are the main sources. Of all air pollutants, particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide affect human health the most. Stringent limit values and measures to prevent emissions from industry, transport and private households have helped to significantly decrease air pollution in Germany compared to previous decades. However, concentrations of particulate matter and nitrogen oxides still exceed current limit values. Some particulate matter in the air is caused by the conversion of gaseous air pollutants such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and ammonia. These air pollutants also damage ecosystems and their biological diversity and lead to higher ozone concentrations which are detrimental to human health.
What is the difference between emissions and immissions?
Emissions are generally defined as the release of substances or energy from a source into the environment. The Federal Immission Control Act defines emissions as air pollution, noise or odour originating from an installation. Immission relates to the effects of emissions on the environment. With regard to air pollution control, this means the effect of air pollutants on plants, animals, human beings and the atmosphere.
The Sixth Environment Action Programme of the EU, substantiated through interim targets laid down in the Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution in 2005, aims to attain levels of air quality that do not give rise to significant negative impacts on and risks to human health and environment. In particular, it aims to reduce the burden of ground level ozone, acidification, eutrophication (over-fertilisation through nitrogen inputs) and particulate matter. The interim European reduction targets for emissions in 2020 compared to 2000 are as follows:
- sulphur dioxide by 82 percent
- nitrogen oxides by 60 percent
- volatile organic compounds by 51 percent
- ammonia by 27 percent
- particulate matter (PM2.5) by 59 percent
The German government's policy
Four strategies
The German government bases air pollution control on four strategies:
- laying down environmental quality standard
- emission reduction requirements according to the best available technology
- product regulations
- laying down emission ceilings
The limit values are more and more often stipulated in European air pollution control directives and then transposed into German law. Important European directives include, for example, Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe, the future directive on industrial emissions and Directive 2001/81/EC on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants.
Achievements and further efforts: National programme for the reduction of ozone concentrations and compliance with emission ceilings
Germany is well on the way to meeting the standards for air pollution control set by the European Union. For sulphur dioxide and volatile organic compounds, for example from solvents, it is sufficient to apply the measures already adopted and implemented in the past. Additional reductions are required, however, for nitrogen oxides and ammonia. The necessary reductions in nitrogen oxide emissions will be achieved in the transport sector and in stationary installations. The reduction in ammonia emissions will be achieved by the continued stringent implementation of the German government's programme for the reduction of ammonia emissions from agriculture.
Important instruments: Federal Immission Control Act and implementing ordinances
Air quality control in Germany is mainly governed by the Act on the Prevention of Harmful Effects on the Environment Caused by Air Pollution, Noise, Vibration and Similar Phenomena, short Federal Immission Control Act (BImSchG) and its implementing ordinances and administrative regulations. In addition, there are also provisions on air quality control at Länder level.
Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control (TA Luft)
The Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control (TA Luft) are a modern instrument for German authorities to control air pollution. They contain provisions to protect citizens from unacceptably high pollutant emissions from installations as well as requirements to prevent adverse effects on the environment. In addition, it lays down emissions limit values for relevant air pollutants from installations. Existing installations must also be upgraded to the best available technology.
Amendment to Ordinance on Small Firing Installations (1. BImSchV)
The amendment to the Ordinance on Small Firing Installations (1. BImSchV), which entered into force in March 2010, was an important step towards reducing particulate matter emissions from small firing installations such as stoves and tiled stoves. Especially the amended requirements for new installations and the modernisation of existing installation will achieve a noticeable average reduction in particulate matter emissions of five to ten percent in the residential areas concerned.
Implementation of the directive on industrial emissions
A large share of the emissions reduction necessary to meet the targets above will be achieved by the implementation of the directive on industrial emissions.
Transboundary air pollution control policy
A significant share of the pollution load is transported through the air over long distances from neighbouring countries. For this reason, shaping a transboundary air pollution control policy is of strategic importance for air quality in Germany. The German government is therefore actively involved in the constructive dialogue on air pollution control measures both at European and international level. One example for this is the cooperation with the Geneva Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution.
Consumer information
Whether it is mobility or heating, everyone can contribute to better air quality. Everyone can help to reduce emissions of particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and ammonia by riding a bike, walking, using public transportation, retrofitting diesel-driven vehicles with particle filters, retrofitting vehicles for environmentally friendly fuels, ensuring regular maintenance of heating installations and following an environmentally aware diet. We can all help secure clean air for future generations by taking action ourselves. We must not relent in our efforts. Air has to stay clean.


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The Sybil B. Harrington College of Fine Arts and Humanities consists of four departments and one School. The college houses the Departments of Art, Theatre and Dance; Communication; English, Philosophy, and Modern Languages; History; and the School of Music. They are prepared to help you find the career of your choice. West Texas A&M University is prepared to offer you the best college experience possible. It begins with your application to WTAMU. If you don't know what you want as a major, no worries. Trained counselors and fascinating classes help you narrow down the options and find your passions. We'll help Discover the BUFF in You.Find out about Admission Requirements and be sure to visit the appropriate department page because many of them have additional requirements (auditions for the School of Music or Theatre and Dance auditions).
Whether you are an incoming freshmen, a transfer student, a graduate or international student, apply to WTAMU through the following applications.
Financial aid is an important step in your educational process. The WTAMU Financial Aid Office is here to help you with your financial needs and get you on the fast track to educational success.
West Texas A&M University awards approximately $4 million each year in scholarships to new and continuing students, with the average award totaling $1,200 per year. Students who demonstrate academic excellence, leadership and special talent are considered for University scholarships. Financial need may be a consideration. BUFF Promise is an excellent resource for families to cover the costs of education.
Incoming freshmen and new transfer students must apply for admission at Apply Texas before completing the scholarship application. Once the Office of Admissions receives your application, an acknowledgement and your Buffalo Gold Card ID number will be sent in order to complete the application. You can also contact us for your Buffalo Gold Card number (your Apply Texas ID will not work for the scholarship application).
See scholarships available to students majoring in the College of Education and Social Sciences.
The Sybil B. Harrington College of Fine Arts and Humanities offer 16 undergraduate degree programs and 7 graduate degree programs. The college is also responsible for degrees in Applied Arts and Sciences and General Studies. See the departmental web pages for program and degree information.
Advising Services is committed to providing academic advising to all undergraduate students, including prospective students, at West Texas A&M University. While services are typically focused on students who have less than thirty hours credit and any student new to WT, they are available to any student, faculty or staff member who has questions or needs assistance. Through the advising process students will: be assisted with clarifying their personal and educational goals; learn educational options available at WT; select an educational plan consistent with their abilities, skills, interests and goals; discover the many opportunities available for student engagement; and learn of resources available to assist them with being a successful student.
Students who have completed more than 30 semester hours are advised by their academic department.
Students, who are currently enrolled and have completed 45 semester credit hours, are required to file a degree plan. Prior to obtaining a degree plan, students must meet with their adviser and declare a major. To request a degree plan, please visit the Dean's office located in room 161 of Mary Moody Northen Hall.
The purpose of the Office of Student Disability Services is to provide assistance and accommodations to students with disabilities. West Texas A&M University is committed to providing all students with equal access to a quality education. In addition to serving as an advocate for students with disabilities, the office also works very closely with faculty and staff members in order to monitor students' progress and encourage a positive educational experience.
Life as a college student can be an exciting time filled with freedom, changes, and new experiences! It can be fulfilling, rewarding and sometimes challenging. For many students, these changes and demands can be overwhelming. WTAMU's Student Counseling Services understands that students may need some support during the school year to help them succeed. The Student Counseling Center is able to help students through:
Personal Counseling
Career Counseling
Couples Counseling
Crisis Intervention
Student Counseling Services is located in the Classroom Center suite 116. Our center is the suite with frosted glass windows in the Student Success Center.
Visit the Graduation Application page to download the application form and follow the instructions. Deadlines for submission of a graduation application are as follows:
December Graduation Oct. 1
May Graduation March 1
August Graduation July 1
The procedures for challenging a semester grade are detailed in the WTAMU Code of Student Life, Appendix II.
If you have a concern with a course or a faculty member, you should make initial contact with the faculty member in an effort to resolve your concern. If no resolution is achieved, you may contact the head of the department that offered the course. If no resolution is possible, you may appeal to the dean or associate dean of the college.
Studying abroad is an experience you will carry with you throughout your life. It will not only expose you to a different and unique culture, but it will open doors in academic areas as well as future employment opportunities. Gaining experience through time spent abroad is something that no amount of classroom experience can simulate or replace. For more information contact the Study Abroad office.
Dropping a course (not withdrawing) by the deadline can be done through:
Withdrawing is dropping all classes in a semester (with the option of returning). Withdrawing or dropping your last class cannot be accomplished through Buff Advisor. Withdrawing by the deadline can be done through:
Check the University calendar for deadlines.
A student has a cumulative (overall) grade point average (GPA) and a semester GPA. The cumulative GPA is based on all hours for which a student has received a grade from WTAMU. The semester GPA is based on only the hours for which a student received a grade in a single semester. An academic warning is given when a student's overall GPA is 2.00 or above but the semester GPA is below 2.00 or when the student failed to complete at least 75% of the courses in which he was officially enrolled (courses passed, failed, or dropped). The student will be advised to see his academic adviser for assistance with academic intervention or the need for support services. A student who has been given an academic warning may register for classes the next semester without any restrictions. However, a student who has received three consecutive academic warnings must consult with the Dean or Associate Dean of the Sybil B. Harrington College of Fine Arts and Humanities.
A student is placed on academic probation when his cumulative grade point average (GPA) is below 2.00. The student will be advised to see his academic adviser for assistance with academic intervention or the need for support services. A student will continue to be on academic probation but may register for classes as long as his semester GPA is 2.00 or above. The student will remain on academic probation until his cumulative GPA is 2.00 or above. Once a student's cumulative GPA is 2.00 or above, the student will be returned to regular academic status.
A student who is suspended from the University has two options: to serve the suspension or to appeal the suspension to the Academic Review Committee. A student who has been suspended from the university for the first time (First Suspension) will be required to sit out for two consecutive academic semesters. Summer I and Summer II count as a single academic semester. After serving the suspension the student must re-apply to the University using the EZ form located at http://wtamu.edu/webres/File/Administrative/Enrollment Management/Registrar/Steps to post on web for Reinstatement after First Suspension.pdf
After applying for readmission the student must make an appointment with the Associate Dean of the Sybil B. Harrington College of Fine Arts and Humanities for reinstatement. A student may also appeal his suspension to the Academic Review Committee. The Suspension Appeal Form can be found on the Registrar's web site at http://wtamu.edu/administration/registrar-probation-suspension.aspx. A student who is reinstated either after serving the suspension or after a successful appeal will continue to be on academic probation until his cumulative GPA is 2.00 or above. Once a student's cumulative GPA is 2.00 or above, the student will be returned to regular academic status.
A student who has been reinstated after a first suspension and whose semester grade point average (GPA) remains below 2.00 will be suspended a second time. A student who has been suspended from the university for the second time (Second Suspension) will be required to sit out for a calendar year or may appeal his suspension to the Academic Review Committee. The Suspension Appeal Form can be found on the Registrar's web site at http://wtamu.edu/administration/registrar-probation-suspension.aspx. If the appeal is denied, the student will be required to serve the one-year suspension. After serving the suspension the student must submit a re-entry application and submit a Request for Reinstatement after Serving a Second Academic Suspension. The Request for Reinstatement must be approved by the Academic Review Committee. After approval by the Academic Review Committee the student must be reinstated by the Associate Dean of the Sybil B. Harrington College of Fine Arts and Humanities. A student who is reinstated either after serving a second suspension or after a successful appeal will continue to be on academic probation until his cumulative GPA is 2.00 or above. Once a student's cumulative GPA is 2.00 or above, the student will be returned to regular academic status. A student reinstated after a second suspension and whose cumulative GPA remains below a 2.00 will be dismissed from the University (Academic Dismissal).
The purpose of the rebate program is to provide tuition rebates that will provide a financial incentive for students to prepare for university studies while completing their high school work, avail themselves of academic counseling, make early career decisions, and complete their baccalaureate studies with as few courses outside the degree plan as possible. The amount of tuition to be rebated to eligible student under this program is $1,000, unless the total amount of undergraduate tuition paid by the student to the institution awarding the degree was less than $1,000, in which event the amount of tuition to be rebated is an amount equal to the amount of undergraduate tuition paid by the student to the institution. Details concerning eligibility for the rebate.
Apply here for the tuition rebate.


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Birthdays are very important and essential celebrations in everyone`s life. After the child is born, on completion of a year, the parents and family celebrate the baby`s first birthday. The celebrations keep counting than on. As a custom of birthday parties, cake cutting is an essential part of the celebration. The house or venue wherever the birthday celebrations are going to take place is well decorated with balloons and other birthday celebration artifacts like birthday banners.
Clipart works well with birthday celebrations. There are many types of clipart available, and you can choose one according to your choice. One can make E-cards using this birthday clipart and send it out as an invitation to the people.
There is much free clipart available on the internet which one can easily download:
· Images of birthday cake
· Images of balloons
· Images of hats and clowns
· Images of wrapped birthday gifts
· Images of candles
Well, how to download birthday clipart?
You will need to first click on the clipart to make it larger and then right click to copy the picture save it to the computer. The images are available in PNG, JPEG and GIF format.
In case if you are planning to make a birthday celebration video for your friend`s birthday, then you might want to use birthday clipart. Starting off with the birthday wish in the form of a happy birthday banner clipart to heart clipart and candles, balloons and birthday cake, you might use it all to make the video more birthday like.
How would you make birthday E-Card?
Online birthday E-cards are available, one can download it and send it, or one can make it using the various clipart and other Microsoft app like power point, and with little editing skill, one can make a nice birthday E-card.


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Dental Implants Hamden CT
Restoring your smile with dental implants – available at our Hamden Connecticut area practice – Dental Implants are tooth-like replacements which are placed directly into the jawbone to provide sturdy anchors for natural looking and beautiful cosmetic tooth restoration.
Click Here For A Presentation On Dental Implants
What Are Dental Implants Hamden CT?
Dental Implants are the most advanced therapy available to replace missing teeth. Dental Implants are root replacements for missing teeth. Replacement teeth are created by your dentist and placed on the foundation provided by Dental Implants. Dental Implant restorations generally look, feel and act like natural teeth.
How Do Dental Implants Work Hamden CT?
Dental Implants are made With materials well accepted by the body. Bone forms a natural mechanical bond with the Dental Implants. Dental Implants provide a base for your dentist to build your replacement tooth or Teeth.
What Are The Benefits Of Dental Implants Hamden CT?
Did you know that oral health is a major factor of good general health?¹ Replacing your missing teeth with Dental Implants and Implant crowns should allow you to live your life as if you had never suffered from missing teeth. When your Dental Implant treatment is complete, you should be able to chew, speak and socialize without experiencing the negative emotions that having missing teeth can sometimes cause.
Dental Implants With Implant crowns will help minimize the amount of bone that will be lost in the areas of missing teeth. Preserving oral bone may help maintain your remaining natural teeth and natural facial contours. Replacing your missing teeth with Dental Implants may also reduce your risk of having poorer nutritional habits often found in patients who do not replace missing teeth.¹
How Can Dental Implants Improve My Health?
People with missing Teeth or Non-Implant-Supported options have problems eating certain foods such as fresh vegetables and fruits, which can compromise their nutrition. Denture-wearing patients often lose some of their ability to taste foods. In addition, chewing can be difficult and painful so digestion is often compromised. Because Dental Implants function more like teeth, these offer the benefit of better health due to improved nutrition and taste, as well as proper digestion.
Are Dental Implants Difficult To Take Care Of?
Dental Implants are designed to be a long lasting solution For tooth loss and are cared for with brushing and flossing, just like natural teeth. Caring for non-implant tooth replacements can be much less convenient compared to Dental Implant-Supported Teeth. Dental Implants also eliminate the need to use messy dental adhesives.
Are Dental Implants Expensive?
Although Dental Implants may sometimes have a higher initial cost, when all the ongoing expenses of other treatment options are added up, most people would agree that Dental Implants are more than worth it!
When you contrast the time investment that Dental Implant therapy requires versus the repeated office visits required for adjustments, special cleanings and replacements for partials, bridges and dentures, it is easy to imagine how much better life can be with Dental Implants.
Am I A Candidate For Dental Implants And Implant-Retained Teeth?
Only your dentist can say for sure, but most patients can be treated with Dental Implants. Your dentist will want to evaluate you carefully With an examination and x-rays and will make specific recommendations to you about the best treatment to replace your missing teeth. Ask your dentist today for more information on how you might benefit from Dental Implants and Implant-retained teeth.


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A New Take on "Pasta Salad"
Tonight I created a light, Italian inspired dish perfect for a spring evening. It begins with a bed of fresh spinach topped with pasta, veggies, and two proteins. Much of the preparation lies in the dish's assembly, as the mushrooms, egg, and bacon need to be chopped and the garlic and pasta must be cooked (bacon should be pre-cooked.) Once ingredients are ready, all that remains is put together your salad.
Here's what you'll need:
2 cups fresh, washed spinach leaves
1 handful spaghetti noodles
2 crimini or white mushrooms
1 hardboiled egg
3 strips of bacon, baked or fried until crispy
3 whole cloves garlic
1 tsp. ground black pepper
3 tbsp. truffle oil
1 tbsp olive oil
To create the dish, you'll be working on several things simultaneously. First, boil a large pot of water in which to cook the spaghetti, and preheat your oven to 400 degrees. As the water boils, peel garlic cloves and place them on a small sheet of aluminum foil. Wrap the foil around the cloves to create a package. Before closing the package, lightly drizzle garlic cloves with olive oil and salt. Add pasta to boiling water and sealed package of garlic to hot oven. Slice the mushrooms in half lengthwise and then chop into pieces down the width. Crumble cooked bacon into bits, and dice hardboiled egg. When pasta and garlic cloves are tender (after about 15 minutes), remove garlic from the oven and drain pasta. Chop garlic cloves into bits.
To assemble the salad, make a bed of spinach leaves and cover with pasta. Then top with mushrooms, egg, bacon, and garlic. To finish, drizzle with truffle oil, olive oil, and fresh ground black pepper.
The dish is best served cold, accompanied by a chilled glass of white wine. I recommend a pinot grigio.