text:
Services on Demand
Related links
Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem
On-line version ISSN 1518-8345
Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem vol.14 no.3 Ribeirão Preto May/June 2006
The use of medicinal plants as a therapeutical resource: from the influences of the professional formation to the ethical and legal implications of its applicability as an extension of nursing care practice
El uso de plantas medicinales como recurso terapéutico: de las influencias de la formación profesional a las implicaciones éticas y legales de su aplicabilidad como extensión de la práctica de cuidar de la enfermera
Neide Aparecida Titonelli AlvimI; Márcia de Assunção FerreiraI; Ivone Evangelista CabralI; Antonio José de Almeida FilhoI
IPhD in Nursing, Adjunct Professor, Anna Nery School of Nursing, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, e-mail: email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com
This qualitative research aimed to analyze the biomedical influence in the context of nurses' formation and professional activities; to reflect about ethical and legal implications of using medicinal plants in nursing care; to argue about the need to configure and delimit this resource as a legitimate instrument for expanding nursing care practice. We used the creative-sensible method and developed dynamics with a group of nurses to produce data, analyzed in the categories "the biomedical influence in the academic-professional orientation of nursing" and "ethical and legal implications in the applicability of medicinal plants in care". Results indicated the need to advance in studies on the nursing diagnosis that implies the prescription of medicinal plants, so that the client is well taken care of by nurses, thus legitimizing it as an extension of their professional practice. Not as an exclusive territory, but as shared and interdisciplinary health care action.
Descriptors: nursing; nursing care; plants, medicinal
Esta investigación cualitativa buscó analizar la influencia biomédica en el contexto de formación y actuación profesional de los enfermeros; reflejar sobre las implicaciones éticas y legales del uso de plantas medicinales en la enfermería; discutir la necesidad de configuración y delimitación de este recurso como instrumento legítimo de extensión de la práctica de enfermería. Fue utilizado el método creativo-sensible y el desarrollo de dinámicas junto con un grupo de enfermeras para producir los datos de la investigación, analizados en las categorías "la influencia biomédica en la orientación académico-profesional de enfermería" y "las implicaciones éticas y legales en la aplicabilidad de plantas medicinales en el cuidado". Los resultados señalaran la necesidad de avanzar en los estudios sobre la diagnosis de enfermería que implica en prescribir plantas medicinales para que el cliente sea bien cuidado por la enfermera y, así, se pueda legitimarla como extensión de su práctica. No como territorio exclusivo, sino como la acción compartida e interdisciplinar en el cuidado de salud.
Descriptores: enfermería; atención de enfermería; plantas medicinales
Discussing the use of medicinal plants in nursing care involves various overlapping aspects. Some of these often impede professional practice and are restricted to impasses, that is, when conventional, technicist and allopathic practices do not find an immediate exit for solving certain health problems.
In academic teaching, the scientific ideology that has impregnated nursing education since the birth of professional nursing in Brazil until today is based on the rationality of the biomedical model. And, in professional activities, what happens is that nurses tend to reproduce this model uncritically, often ignoring other possibilities of manifesting health knowledge, such as those resulting from popular knowledge.
We believe that these issues difficult the applicability of natural (or non-conventional) therapies by nurses, such as medicinal plants, impeding a broader discussion on the ethical and legal aspects that permeate this applicability. What normally happens are parallel or isolated discussions that attend to particular interests and, therefore, are not strong enough to be treated at the level of the Law of Professional Exercise and the Deontological Code of Nursing, which would allow them to sustain changes that could guarantee these therapies as legitimate nursing practices.
In view of the above, this study aimed to: analyze the biomedical influence in the context of nurses' formation and professional activities; reflect about ethical and legal implications of using medicinal plants in nursing care; and argue about the need to configure and delimit this resource as a legitimate instrument for expanding nursing care practice.
The therapeutic use of medicinal plants in human health is an ancient practice, historically constructed on the common-sense knowledge that articulates culture and health, since these aspects do not occur isolatedly, but are inserted in a certain historical context. Despite considerable advances in phytotherapy, as plants used for therapeutic purposes are called in academic language, they often continue being used for health promotion and recovery on the mere base of popular culture.
In the primitive age, mankind turned to nature to find solutions for different kinds of desolating harm, whether spiritual or physical. Wise men, considered intermediaries between men and gods, were responsible for healing the sick, joining magic and religion with the empirical knowledge of health practices, such as the use of medicinal plants. Antiquity brought the start of another focus when, based on Hippocratic thinking, which established a relation between people's environment and lifestyle, healing processes were no longer considered only from a spiritual and mystical perspective.
Originally considered a natural phenomenon, the origin of diseases started to be studied scientifically. On the same occasion, the oriental system developed in line with the logic that the organism was a part of the universe(1). Thus, during Antiquity, although guided by different cultural contexts, health in the western and eastern system was based on holism, that is, treatment should act on the organism as a whole, integrated with the Universe (macrocosm), instead of just eliminating the locally manifested disease symptoms.
In the Middle Ages, interest in the material world returned and man started to be seen as the centre of the universe, as opposed to the divine and the supernatural. This was followed by the 'intellectual revolution', when important philosophical and scientific conquests were achieved. The XVIth and XVIIth centuries marked the appearance of a new paradigm, starting with the Scientific Revolution. Science was reduced to mathematical and quantifiable phenomena. This entailed the installation of a health model in which the holistic conception of the Universe was replaced by the idea of a machine world. This change in paradigm favored capitalist production to the extent that, after the Industrial Revolution in the XVIIIth century, science was charged with great responsibility for maintaining man's active labor force, guaranteeing factories' production.
The consolidation of positivism in the late XIXth century and early XXth century brought a rupture with metaphysical knowledge and emphasis on the development of experimental research. Scientists' attention turned towards the parts of the human body and health care started to follow the Cartesian and mechanistic directions that continued in the Contemporary Age, in which health was considered from a biological viewpoint as the absence of illnesses. The biomedical health model was installed on the basis of the Cartesian paradigm, which fully attended to the interests of the capitalist production mode(1). The knowledge and therapeutics that were formerly used in human health, such as medicinal plants, among other popular practices, were marginalized due to the lack of a scientific base.
In terms of Brazil, these transformations in the world of science and economics happened at a later stage, which collaborated with the hegemony of popular health practices until the beginning of this century, when it started to be broken by the institutionalization of health services and the arrival of allopathy, considered essential for the emerging form of production(2). Until then, the popular use of medicinal plants, associated with other natural resources, was predominant in the healing process of many diseases that affected people's health. The country's essentially rural economy was doubly favorable to the use of these resources, as the region not only promoted its development (due to the practicality of close contact with the land), but these also appeared as the only treatment alternative.
In the initial framework of these two events - the institutionalization of health and the appearance of allopathy; and forced by the transformations that resulted from the new cultural order established by the moulds of capitalist industrial production, non-conventional health practices, especially medicinal plants, started to lose prestige, as they were not part of specialized knowledge, proved by the logic of science. Everything that was not objectified, explained and demonstrated scientifically was gradually discarded both as knowledge and as practice. The hegemonic medical knowledge ruled, persecuting and prohibiting non-official practices, charlatans, bleeders and so many other persons from the people, considering them incapable of exercising the art of healing and imposing the social recognition and valuation of medical knowledge.
Under the auspices of capitalist ideology, health professionals' training and actions stood out, which are still guided today by the biomedical care model and by allopathic practice. Health professionals started to act on and look closer into scientific and rational knowledge, and less into its political and social roots. Thus, "official medicine, legitimized by the canons of science, took possession of the people' empirical health knowledge and turned it into a biologistic and medical knowledge, thus constituting a new form of knowledge"(3). In this context, Professional Nursing appeared, in accordance with the Nightingale system, at a time when the biomedical model became increasingly defined and the efficiency of medicine was supported by technological development and medicalization.
However, since the 1980's and 1990's, in view of several political, economic and health changes, some popular practices, including the therapeutic use of medicinal plants, started to be rescued in scientific means, not in the sense of an opposition to allopathy, but as complements to established health practices. Among the motives for this recovery, we highlight the lack of success of the biologistic medical model for treating diseases; the iatrogenic effects associated with the high cost of certain allopathic drugs; the scientifically proven efficacy of some plants; along with respect and valuation of cultural aspects that are clearly present in the context of these practices.
Hence, despite the continuous hegemony of allopathy, acknowledged as scientific and a medical prerogative but, in view of social, ethical, political and economic transformations that directly influence people's health and, consequently, care models, the therapeutic use of medicinal plants in care, which used to be at the margin of health institutions, is today moving beyond these barriers and trying to legitimize itself in this means. That is why it is necessary and important to reflect on their applicability, in academic formation as well as professional nursing practice, with particular attention to its ethical and legal implications. We consider the hypothesis that the therapeutic use of plants can be combined with what nursing thinks and does, entailing, a priori, a conception of the human being as a whole.
This study is part of the research "Fundamental Nursing and its Links with Natural Health Practices: the Example of Living Pharmacies", approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Collective Health Group at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, in line with Resolution 196/96 by the National Health Council, which establishes Standards for Research Involving Human Beings.
We carried out a qualitative study and adopted the creative-sensible method(4) (CSM). Creativity and sensibility dynamics (CSD) were used for data production, analysis, discussion and validation. For this paper, we chose the data produced in the dynamics 'Calendar' and 'Body-Knowledge'.
We used a different group and researcher for each dynamic session. The groups consisted of professional nurses who were active in different scenarios, as well as nurses teaching at public and private universities, totaling fifteen participants for the two sessions. They participated after signing the Free and Informed Consent Term.
The dynamics were developed in a class room at a public university, duly prepared for developing the activities. Data were produced during two hours and thirty minutes. The nurses were identified through colors ('Body-Knowledge' dynamics) and plants ('Calendar' dynamics), which they chose for themselves.
Primary data sources were the participants' reports and artistic products generated in the context of the CSD. These revealed problem situations that allowed for the coding of two subjects for debate, according to the Freirian language that supported the data analysis used in the CSM, and which constituted the following categories: 1) The biomedical influence in the academic-professional orientation of nursing; and 2) Ethical and legal implications in the applicability of medicinal plants in care.
The Biomedical Influence in the Academic-Professional Orientation of Nursing
In the dialogue that occurred as part of the 'Body-Knowledge' dynamics, Nurse Violet's discourse gave rise to the first subject for debate: "the biomedical influence in the academic-professional orientation of nursing". The discussion that resulted from this theme was that, at the heart of the academic world, the use of non-conventional health practices is mostly accompanied by pejorative connotations. This view is even maintained by some nursing students, who believe that the use of these practices does not guarantee "status" to the profession. Even when the teaching-learning experience permits students to experience the use of herbs in health care, students do not value this practice, because they do not consider it is scientific.
This is what the above mentioned nurse says when she remembered a curricular experience during her undergraduate courses, when she was a trainee at a health unit in Niterói: [...] I think my class was the last one at that unit... Because the students did not see this as productive, the fact of dealing with that thing of going out there into the garden, at the back of the unit, where you recognize the herbs and see how they are manipulated... That is not acknowledged as scientific knowledge, which includes the issue of status, of power. What happens is that, in undergraduate courses in general, natural care practices are used occasionally, and are not systemized in nursing teaching. As a rule, they are introduced as a teaching-learning experience so as to attend individually to the specific interests of faculty who study these practice, and not to a professional political project.
According to one of the participants, resistance against students' participation in experiences that include natural treatments during their intellectual (academic) training is accompanied by the perspective that it are nurses who know; this grants them the power of knowledge and, consequently, in their point of view, they possess a status and social recognition. These are professionals who possess technical and technological management, as nurse Violet concluded. In this respect, it cannot be denied that technical-scientific advances brought great accomplishments in the field of health. The development of the biomedical care model, whose influence rests on the Cartesian paradigm, contributed to medicine for the elimination or control of certain diseases, such as bacterial pathologies, diseases, for heart surgeries and organ transplants, among others.
However, in the organization of modern life, society is confronted with various theoretical-philosophical paradigms. We are facing a huge paradox since, at the same time as the technical-scientific evolution benefited some population segments by structuring science according to certain patterns of truth, the Cartesian model also transformed them into a mechanized system, with closed and distinct parts(1). In this analysis, in view of constant mutations in people's lives nowadays, their health is deteriorated, due to social organization and unlimited consumerism, among other reasons. In the ethical, political and economic sphere, today, discourse has turned to outsourcing and economic globalization.
Limitless competition in the labor market, emphasis on increased productivity in less time and on workers' technical efficacy, characteristic of neo-liberal policy, have led to a development standard without measure or control. Inadequate and unhealthy work conditions, an increased number of occupational accidents, recession and unemployment have been the cause of different physical and social diseases and have collaborated with the growth of violence rates. Moreover, different forms of aggression to the environment are important factors in this system, which are mostly responsible for the deterioration of human health. It should be highlighted that health involves various dimensions and results from the interaction between different - physical, social, historical and cultural - components.
In view of these considerations and in line with the neo-liberal conception of the current globalized economy, man is being used as a production instrument. From a political and social viewpoint, he is controlled to attend to the needs of the economic system, which affects all of his relations with the world. Another aspect to be taken into account is the "attribution of blame to the victim", in which "the individualization of blame results in the explication of a collective practice (...), for example, by overrating the population's socioeconomic problems, thus justifying precarious services"(5).
In this context, health professionals are trained to deal with this ideological structure, which is capable of recovering the active labor force that reproduces work force, mainly in view of the challenge of the informatics revolution to human work. And that is what we see in the discourse of nurses who participated in the 'Calendar 2' dynamics, that is, that (academic) formation is totally biomedical: My academic formation was for rationality... And phytotherapy really did not stand a chance (Nurse Boldo); My formation was totally biomedical (Nurse Pink).
Until the early 1980's, techniques taught by means of non-invasive procedures, such as the application of cataplasms, suckers, therapeutic massages, among others, were often lost in the hospital sphere, giving room to allopathic practices(3). Some of these techniques or procedures follow guidelines that are similar to what is found in popular logic. However, it should be highlighted that there exists a dichotomy between scientific and popular (common sense) knowledge, and that "when one is confronted with the other, at first sight, they seem to be moving in different directions that do not meet, leading to a growing distance between both"(4). The academy teaches and sustains the teaching-learning process on academic-scientific knowledge, because this has been proved by experimentation and scientific proofs and objectified through technique; consequently, it starts to be adopted as a criterion of truth.
In the dialogic movement that occurred in the context of the two dynamics, when participants analyzed the biomedical influence in the context of their formation and professional activities, which led them to conventional practices sustained by this model, they also reflected on ethical and legal implications involved in the applicability of medicinal plants in nursing care. Hence, the second theme for debate discussed these implications.
Ethical and Legal Implications in the Applicability of Medicinal Plants in Care
Let us take a look at the report of a participant in 'Body-Knowledge', which contributed to a broader discussion and the addition of other elements for reflection and debate: [...] during my training, some years ago, I observed a very strong collocation in relation to ethics, which emphasized that we could not use this so-called popular knowledge, because that would go against professional ethics, as there was no scientific proof for this practice. So, when there was someone oriented to these practices, that person was kind of pursued, kind of discriminated and even cut (Nurse Green).
We know that the ethical dimension impregnates all dimensions of the health sector and is present in different professions and services in this area. However, this kind of decisions transcends the sector and affects society as a whole. In this sense, the plurality of situations involving ethical factors needs to be taken into account. Thus, the mission of bioethical commissions "is not to find the miracle solution, the opportune solution for such conflicts; in principle, their mission is to turn them explicit and that is why it is good for them to join personalities with substantially different opinions, metaphysics and beliefs". That is why, in bioethics, we are "condemned to arbitrary and transitory compromises"(6). We see the incorporation of knowledge inherited from popular culture into academic formation as viable, which does not impede professionals (or future professionals) from constantly updating their technical skills in the search for new or recovered knowledge. After all, "we do not have the message. What we can do is to raise the problems, formulate the contradictions, is to propose provisional morals"(6).
The university as a knowledge-producing center par excellence is ethically committed to participating in this discussion process. This is because universities, mainly public institutions, are based on a triple structure constituted by teaching, research and extension. Thus, they are responsible for formalizing and strengthening bonds with civil society in the search for alternatives that can improve the population's quality of life and health.
In the same context, when consulting the Ethics Code of Nursing Professionals(7), on the one hand, we observe that it does not contain any mention whatsoever against nurses' using any alternative practice in itself. On the other, in chapter III, Art. 17 and 18 - "About responsibilities" establish, respectively, that the nurse has to: "Judiciously assess her technical and legal competency and only accept tasks or attributions when (s)he is capable of performing them safely for him-/herself and for the clients" and "Keep themselves updated, expanding their technical, scientific and cultural knowledge to benefit clients, society and the development of the profession".
In these articles, special attention should be given to aspects related to competence and different knowledge forms. Ethical issues should be assessed in the applicability of medicinal plants by nurses too. In this sense, in the first place, the academy should worry about conditions needed to produce knowledge about the used of medicinal herbs and validate the knowledge that sustains its use by popular classes. To allow nurses to deliver care by applying medicinal herbs, academic training urgently needs to support this practice through the formal inclusion of contents and practical experiences into undergraduate and graduate curricula, which can grant nurses the technical competence required to act in this specific knowledge area.
In this respect, it should be added that university editors have included publications about this subject in their catalogues. Examples include the Federal University of Ceará(8) and of Rio Grande do Sul(9), which have published material that contributes to the study of plants with therapeutic properties. As to scientific nursing research about the same subject, in recent decades, studies have focused on clients' as well as on nursing professionals' perspectives(3, 10-13). Moreover, the INTERNET offers access to several experimental research groups interested in this matter, many of which are even affiliated with academic projects in partnership with research institutes and the user community.
Although still incipient and not systematically, study participants who graduated from the second half of the 1980's onwards mentioned they received information on using herbs during their academic training. This can be explained by the fact that this was a time when some non conventional health therapies received governmental support and the situation started to give signs of change, with these treatments being discussed as a possibility in health care.
As to legal support for the professional exercise of alternative practices, Resolution 197/97 by the Federal Nursing Council(14) "establishes and acknowledges Alternative Therapies as a specialty and/or qualification for the nursing professional". In our view, this indicates that practicing nursing care by applying medicinal plants is supported by the regulatory body of our profession. However, we need to be aware that this Resolution deals with "alternative therapies", without specifying what these so-called therapies would be. This gives room to construct and deconstruct a classification of the countless practices that are called alternative today. If medicinal plants are considered as "alternative therapies", in theory, nurses are supported; if not, they lose legal support for professional care with medicinal plants. We would be at the mercy of the transitoriness of the theoretical-philosophical field in the construction of concepts.
In this discussion, we inquire whether, by prescribing herbs, nurses are infringing the Law of Professional Exercise? Let us take a look at Article 48 in Chapter V of the Nursing Ethics Code(7). It states that it is prohibited for nurses to "prescribe drugs or practice surgical acts, except those determined by current legislation or in case of emergency". Article 8, section II, item C, of the Law of Professional Exercise(15) mentions that it is the particular competence of nurses to "prescribe drugs previously established in public health programs and in routines approved by the health institution". Both the Ethics Code and the Law of Professional Exercise refer to "drugs", leaving room for different interpretations. In other words, by prescribing medicinal herbs, are nurses prescribing drugs as mentioned by these texts? What kind of drugs are both referring to?
The Portuguese language dictionary can offer some help in answering this questions, as the definition of drug ("medicamento") is expanded when it incorporates the meaning of medicine ("remédio"): "medicamento" is a male noun that refers to "substância ou preparado que se utiliza como remédio"(16); and "remédio" is "aquilo que combate o mal ou a dor de; recurso, solução; auxílio, ajuda; emenda, correção"(16). Thus, we may consider that the word "remédio" includes, besides "medicamentos", other resources, such as people's way of life, their beliefs, values and popular care practices for example. In this case, nurses use many "remédios" in their practice, as there are countless ways of helping a client to cope with the process of living and being healthy, getting ill and dying.
We can also interpret that drugs are what is produced by mainly multinational pharmaceutical, that is, allopathic industries; or, also, prescribed natural formulae manipulated in pharmacies; or natural formulae produced by a laboratory that detains the brands. Thus, we can consider all or part of these as prohibited. These doubts arise from the fact that, in a way, we are inclined to consider as "drug" what goes through the process of professional preparation, that is, in laboratories and pharmacies. And what about natural herbs? Would these be considered as the drugs mentioned in the legal prohibition?
This simple reflection in the light of the Law and Professional Ethics reveals a series of issues that, in our view, weaken our practice and, consequently, our professional autonomy*. These ambiguities can determine (or not) the applicability of medicinal plants in professional nursing practice. But it is paramount to consider the analysis about the need to conquer spaces in practice to allow us to guarantee this practice by Law.
In line with these reflections, we believe that discourse about the ethical and legal possibilities of incorporating medicinal plants into daily nursing work should not impede its appropriation in public-professional practice. Any impediment would support the externalization of academic dogmas and would strengthen its adoption in private-home practice only. Today, scientific production is available in nursing to demonstrate the importance and applicability of medicinal plants in health care. However, there is an urgent need to configure and delimit this practice in the sphere of nursing care. That is why the specificity of our practice, and particularly our care, is based on the establishment of nursing diagnoses.
The care prescribed by nurses is aimed at solving a nursing problem and, hence, is part of their professional sphere. Thus, if we thoroughly elaborate the concepts that guide our practice (our care) and, also, advance in diagnostic studies that imply the prescription of medicinal plants, with a view to delivering appropriate nursing care to clients, we will be better equipped to legitimate this space as an extension of professional nursing practice.
We have shown that the use of medicinal plants does not have scientific origins, but is a historically legitimized knowledge and practice that is disseminated in common sense. Nowadays, many plants are the subject of scientific studies, conquering space in the academic sphere and in health professionals' actions, including nursing, in spite of the dominance of the biomedical model in science construction, professional training and practice. In this sense, there are examples of research focusing on trials with medicinal plants for prevention and healing. Although based on available studies and empirical observations about professional practice, the level we have reached both in terms of discussion and concrete practice is still insufficient to guarantee its legitimacy, especially by nurses, to the extent of turning the use of medicinal plants into a concrete practice that can be applied in the public-professional nursing sphere. This may be due to the non incorporation of this knowledge into the training curriculum, as mentioned above, giving rise to the need to configure and delimit this practice in care, including reflections about the ethical and legal implications of its applicability by nursing.
The nursing profession urgently needs to reflect on these implications for nursing care, all the more when many professionals are discussing and trying to guarantee the exclusivity of knowledge and practices for themselves, constantly attempting to get the best part. Thus, what we are discussing here is not strictly the ethical and legal attributions of the therapeutic use of plants as the exclusive territory for one or another professional, but the need to democratize and relativize their use as a shared and interdisciplinary health care action and, in the case of nursing, as an extension of their care practice.
Class associations like the Brazilian Nursing Association, the Nursing Union and Professional Nursing Councils have a fundamental role to play in the fight to delimit the space of nursing in areas that are burning with coherent and consistent care proposals in the current health context.
Finally, in the context of the problems the population is faced with at different levels, from another perspective, higher education reveals weak points in terms of knowledge areas related to alternative health issues, for example, which are at the margin of the established power, that is, at the margin of the acknowledged scientific character of the biomedical model.
1. Capra F. O ponto de mutação. São Paulo (SP): Cultrix; 1993. [ Links ]
2. Singer P, Campos O, Oliveira EM. Prevenir e curar. O controle social através dos serviços de saúde. 3rd ed. Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Forense Universitária; 1988. [ Links ]
3. Alvim NAT. Práticas e saberes das enfermeiras sobre o uso de plantas medicinais na vida das enfermeiras: uma construção em espiral. [dissertação]. Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery/UFRJ; 1999. [ Links ]
4. Cabral IE. O método criativo-sensível: alternativa de pesquisa na enfermagem. In: Gauthier JHM, Cabral IE, Santos I, Tavares CMM, organizadores. Pesquisa em enfermagem: novas metodologias aplicadas. Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Guanabara Koogan; 1999. p. 177-203. [ Links ]
5. Valla VV. A construção desigual do conhecimento e o controle social dos serviços públicos de educação e saúde. In: Valla VV, Stotz EM, organizadores. Participação popular, educação e saúde: teoria e prática. Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Relume-Dumará; 1993. p. 95-96. [ Links ]
6. Morin E. Ciência com consciência. 2ª ed. Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Bertrand Brasil; 1998. p.132-33. [ Links ]
7. Conselho Federal de Enfermagem (BR). Código de ética dos profissionais de enfermagem. Brasília (DF): COFEn; 1993. p.9-10. [ Links ]
8. Matos FJA. Farmácias vivas. Sistema de utilização de plantas medicinais projetado para pequenas comunidades. 2ª ed. Fortaleza (CE): Universidade Federal do Ceará; 1994. [ Links ]
9. Martins ER. Plantas medicinais. Viçosa (MG): Universidade Federal de Viçosa; 1994. [ Links ]
10. Machado ACC. A fitoterapia como uma necessidade do cliente. Uma perspectiva de assistência de enfermagem. [tese]. Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Escola de Enfermagem Alfredo Pinto/UNI-RIO; 1996. [ Links ]
11. Medeiros LCM. As plantas medicinais e a enfermagem - a arte de assistir de curar, de cuidar e de transformar os saberes. [dissertação]. Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Escola de Enfermagem Anna Nery/UFRJ; 2001. [ Links ]
12. Viveiros AA, Goulart PF, Alvim NAT. A influência dos meios sociocultural e científico no uso de plantas medicinais por estudantes universitários da área da saúde. Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enfermagem 2004 abril; 8(1):62-70. [ Links ]
13. Goulart PF, Viveiros AA, Alvim NAT. O diálogo com gestantes sobre plantas medicinais: contribuições para os cuidados básicos de saúde. Rev. Acta Scientiarum 2005 setembro; 26(1):287-94. [ Links ]
14. Conselho Federal de Enfermagem. Resolução COFEn nº 197/97. Estabelece e reconhece as Terapias Alternativas como especialidade e/ou qualificação do profissional de enfermagem. Brasília (DF): Conselho Federal de Enfermagem; 1997. [ Links ]
15. Lei nº 7.498 de 25 de junho de 1986. Dispõe sobre a regulamentação do exercício da enfermagem e dá outras providências. Diário Oficial da União 26 de junho de 1986, Seção 1, p.9273-5. [ Links ]
16. Ferreira ABH. Minidicionário da Língua Portuguesa. 3 ed. Rio de Janeiro (RJ): Nova Fronteira; 1993. p.209; 273. [ Links ]
Recebido em: 16.5.2005
Aprovado em: 25.4.2006
* It should be reminded that this article did not aim to discuss the applicability of medicinal plants by other health professionals, including discourse about legal support, to the example of the Regional Council of Medicine, which has been publishing media reports that defend this practice as for medical professionals only and threaten other professionals with legal punishment.


text:
What price a tax hike?
The question is not rhetorical. Gov. Brown is betting big on convincing voters this November to adopt temporary tax increases that, according to the legislative analyst, would produce $5.5 billion a year.
But that's the gross if the tax initiative passes. It's not a net.
U.S. & World
News from around the country and around the globe
In California's blockbuster democracy, initiatives don't pass easily. To win, the governor and his allies will need to win support and neutralize opposition. And that could mean embracing policies that cost the state money, instead of saving it.
The amount that Brown must concede is the number to watch this year. If Brown has to back down from pension changes that labor unions oppose (in order to keep them on his side in the tax fight), that could have a cost to the state.
If Brown has to make concessions in contract negotiations with unions, that could have a cost.
The governor also could help Indian gaming tribes -- at least some of whom are backing the tax initiative -- in ways that have costs for the state and local governments.
Business groups may want some fiscal concessions as part of the price of staying the coalition, from tax breaks to other programs that cost the state money.
Such concessions could add up quickly. Keep an eye on whether such concessions are permanent changes in policy -- a high price to pay for Brown's tax increases, which are temporary.
Given the high prices of building a big campaign coalition for tax hikes, one wonders if Brown's tax increases are big enough.
Let us know what you think. Comment below, send us your thoughts via Twitter @PropZero or add your comment to our Facebook page.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Daily log, May 14
Tiffin reports
Carolyn A. Lantz, 21, of Tiffin, was charged with criminal mischief Monday.
A first-block Kennat Boulevard caller reported identity theft and unauthorized charges on an account Monday afternoon.
A first-block Sycamore Street caller reported Monday night they were assaulted by a man whom they named.
A 100-block Nelson Street woman reported Monday night her cousin crawled through her front window and after she left, prescription medication was missing.
A first-block Fostoria Street man went to the station early Tuesday morning to report the theft of prescription pills.
A 100-block West Davis Street man reported Tuesday morning a $4,000 knife that he ordered from California was missing from its package when it arrived at his residence. He said the package had been ripped open.
A caller from Fifth Third Bank, 513 W. Market St., reported Tuesday morning a vehicle that went through the drive through sent a note to a teller that said "please send help." The vehicle was located by police at Walmart. Police spoke on the phone with a woman, who said she was fine and was with her husband.
A caller from Rural King, 2300 W. Market St., reported the theft of tomato cages Tuesday morning.
County reports
A first-block West CR 592 man reported Monday afternoon someone broke into his barn and stole equipment.
A woman reported Monday afternoon she found purple pills along East TR 148.
A 1200-block West Axline Street caller requested to speak to a deputy Tuesday morning about the theft of medication.
A break-in was reported Tuesday morning in the 6000 block of South SR 100.
A man went to the station Tuesday afternoon to report a trailer that had been stolen from his father in Huron County was located in the 4000 block of East TR 38.
A man requested to speak to a deputy Tuesday afternoon about the theft of a welding machine from a field in the area of South CR 49 and East US 224.
Fostoria reports
A 400-block McDougal Street woman reported Monday afternoon she believed someone had been stealing gas from her vehicle.
A person went to the station Monday afternoon to report possible fraud.
A vehicle break-in was reported Monday afternoon in the 100 block of East Fourth Street.
A 400-block North Main Street man reported Monday evening he believed his upstairs neighbor was smoking marijuana. Police could detect an odor of marijuana, but no contraband was found. A man was arrested on a municipal court warrant.
A man in the 400 block of South Main Street reported early Tuesday morning men were waiting outside to beat him up. Police escorted the man out to his vehicle.
A 500-block North Main Street caller reported Tuesday morning a vehicle was broken into and wedding rings were taken.
A 700-block South Main Street man reported Tuesday afternoon someone broke into his vehicle and stole a phone charger.
A man reported Tuesday afternoon he located his stolen bicycle in the 900 block of South Main Street.
State Patrol
Travis D. Boyd, 21, of Tiffin, was cited with operating a vehicle while intoxicated and a stop sign violation following a two-vehicle accident Friday evening at CR 38 and SR 53. The other driver, Nevada E. Smith, 43, of Tiffin, was transported to Mercy Tiffin Hospital with non-life-threatening injuries. Boyd refused treatment at the scene.
David J. Weiker, 53, of Fostoria, was cited with operating a vehicle while intoxicated and a turn signal violation early Monday morning.
County accidents
A single-vehicle, non-injury accident was reported Monday afternoon at CR 50 and CR 13.
Michael Culpepper, 41, of Tiffin, was cited with left of center following a two-vehicle accident Tuesday morning at SR 101 and TR 122. The other driver, Timothy Blott II, 30, of Tiffin, was transported to Mercy Tiffin Hospital with minor injuries. Deputy Denny Wilkinson of the Seneca County Sheriff's Office said Culpepper had fallen asleep behind the wheel and went left of center on SR 101, colliding with Blott's oncoming vehicle.
Tiffin firefighters were called to 182 St. Francis Ave. Monday afternoon for an unintentional smoke detector activation.
Clinton firefighters were called to an accident Monday afternoon at CR 50 and CR 13.
Attica-Venice-Reed fire, Republic fire, Bellevue fire and Attica EMS were called to the report of a barn fire early Tuesday morning at SR 4 and TR 122. AVR Fire District Chief Brett Meyers said a vehicle inside a lean-to that was attached to the barn had caught fire. No structural damage was reported, but damage to the truck was estimated around $10,000.
Tiffin EMS had four squad runs Monday evening, one squad run Monday night and four squad runs Tuesday morning.
Clinton fire and Tiffin EMS had a squad run Monday night.
McCutchenville fire and New Riegel EMS had a squad run Monday night.
Republic EMS and the Echo unit had a squad run Tuesday afternoon.


text:
- 14" Ceiling / Wall Mount Light
- For wet locations
- 8 1/4"H x 14 3/8"W x 18 3/4"D
- Rod Length - 9 1/2"
- Maximum 1 x 300W E26 type bulb
Canarm AgSystems
Arthur, Ontario, Canada
Put Canarm's 80 years of livestock experience to work for you. We're combining your experience with ours to develop innovative new solutions for sow care.
Products include:
Fed Ag Supply
Lenexa, Kansas, USA
Canarm AgSystem's full line exclusive USA distributor of swine products.
Teutopolis, Illinois, USA
A US company, Farmweld has a complete lineup of durable hog equipment to meet all your operational needs.
Products include:
About Us
Canarm's Agricultural Division provides agricultural professionals around the world with quality livestock stabling and ventilation products. Our products specialize in keeping your animals comfortable, cool and healthy while helping you maximize your bottom line.
We serve the dairy, swine, poultry, equine, horticultural, and farm store markets.
Canarm AgSystems – Putting Innovation to work for you.
Help Us to Keep Magento Healthy - Report All Bugs (ver. 18.104.22.168)


text:
Brendon S necessitava di un nuovo design di pagina web e ha lanciato un contest su 99designs.
È stato scelto un vincitore tra 14 design presentati da 9 designer.
SwimForLife is an Australian business running swim classes. They do advanced lessons like stroke-correction, but the focus of this site is on getting infants (4-5 years old).
Learn To Swim - Safely and Correctly
Desired Color Scheme:
Just so long as it suits the logo
Accepted File Formats:
Layered Formats (.psd or .tiff); Layered PSD Photoshop File
SwimForLife runs one-on-one swim classes (one student to one coach).
Target Market
The primary focus of the site is enrol infants in learn-to-swim classes, with the idea being that they will become long-term students.
This means that we will, in effect, be marketing to the parents/guardians of the children.
Look and Feel
The site will be read by parents and guardians, but should have a younger feel to it. Bright strong colors would be good. Site design should match the logo, found here: http://swimforlife.com.au
SwimForLife operates in an indoor pool. The imagery used on the site should be pool/water orientated, and the overall theme should suit the logo.
Therefore, first choice of colors would be the two shades of blue, and red. This is open to your judgement - whatever looks good.
We do not yet have photography of the facilities, so stock photos will do for now.
We'll want the following nav buttons:
Home, Lessons, Enrolment, Location, About Us, Contact Us
Keep In Mind
- This site will eventually be built as a wordpress theme, so please keep that in mind as you design.
- The site will have a newsletter subscription form. The only field will be for the email address. Â


text:
Solutions by application
Energy and cost-efficient solutions
SKF has been developing them for decades, working with OEMs and operators in every major industry. SKF engineering and application expertise and advice has been enabling energy-efficient, environmentally friendly solutions for industry, well before current world demand for more sustainable productivity and processes.
Today, SKF bearing solutions are supported with a range of advanced sealing, lubrication, mechatronic, condition monitoring solutions, and more. As a leading engineering and application solutions provider to the compressor industry, SKF is helping design engineers and manufacturers deliver the next-generation of energy and cost-efficient units.
Whether you're an OEM looking to optimize an existing compressor design, or an end-user looking to upgrade an older, less efficient system, SKF can help.
See how SKF solutions are optimizing compressor performance for the applications listed below:


text:
What is a cerebral aneurysm?
An aneurysm is a weak area in a blood vessel that usually enlarges. It's often described as a "ballooning" of the blood vessel. Watch an animation (opens in new window).
How common are aneurysms?
About 1.5 to 5 percent of the general population has or will develop a cerebral aneurysm. About 3 to 5 million people in the United States have cerebral aneurysms, but most are not producing any symptoms. Between 0.5 and 3 percent of people with a brain aneurysm may suffer from bleeding.
How do aneurysms form? Are people born with an aneurysm?
People usually aren't born with aneurysms. Most develop after age 40. Aneurysms usually develop at branching points of arteries and are caused by constant pressure from blood flow. They often enlarge slowly and become weaker as they grow, just as a balloon becomes weaker as it stretches. Aneurysms may be associated with other types of blood vessel disorders, such as fibromuscular dysplasia, cerebral arteritis or arterial dissection, but these are very unusual. They may run in families, but people are rarely born with a predisposition for aneurysms. Some aneurysms are due to infections, drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine that damage the brain's blood vessels, or direct brain trauma from an accident.
Are all aneurysms the same?
Brain aneurysms are all different. They vary in size, shape and location.
Small aneurysms are less than 5 mm (1/4 inch).
Medium aneurysms are 6–15 mm (1/4 to 3/4 inch).
Large aneurysms are 16–25 mm (3/4 to 1 1/4 inch).
Giant aneurysms are larger than 25 mm (1 1/4 inch).
Aneurysms can be:
Saccular (sac-like) with a well-defined neck
Saccular with a wide neck
Fusiform (spindle shaped) without a distinct neck
An aneurysm is usually located along the major arteries deep within brain structures. When approaching an aneurysm during surgery, normal brain tissue must be carefully spread apart to expose it. Aneurysms can occur in the front part of the brain (anterior circulation) or the back part of the brain (posterior circulation).
How is an aneurysm diagnosed?
Special imaging tests can detect a brain aneurysm. Two noninvasive tests show the blood vessels in the brain. In the first, called CTA (computed tomographic angiography), patients are placed on a table that slides into a CT scanner. A special contrast material (dye) is injected into a vein, and images are taken of the blood vessels to look for abnormalities such as an aneurysm. In the second test, called MRA (magnetic resonance angiography), patients are placed on a table that slides into a magnetic resonance scanner, and the blood vessels are imaged to detect a cerebral aneurysm. Both of these screening tests detect most cerebral aneurysms larger than 3–5 mm (about 3/16 inch).
The most reliable test is called a diagnostic cerebral angiogram. In this test, the patient lies on an X-ray table. A small tube (catheter) is inserted through a blood vessel in the leg (groin) and guided into each of the blood vessels in the neck that go to the brain. Contrast is then injected, and pictures are taken of all the blood vessels in the brain. This test is slightly more invasive and less comfortable, but it is the most reliable way to detect all types and sizes of cerebral aneurysms.
Before any treatment is considered, a diagnostic cerebral angiogram is usually performed to fully map a plan for therapy.
If one aneurysm forms, will others form?
Having one aneurysm means there's a 15 to 20 percent chance of having one or more other aneurysms.
What are the symptoms of an unruptured aneurysm?
Smaller aneurysms usually don't have symptoms. But as an aneurysm enlarges, it can produce headaches or localized pain. If an aneurysm gets very large, it may produce pressure on the normal brain tissue or adjacent nerves. This pressure can cause difficulty with vision, numbness or weakness of an arm or leg, difficulty with memory or speech, or seizures.
What causes an aneurysm to bleed?
We usually don't know why an aneurysm bleeds or exactly when it will bleed. We do know what increases the chance for bleeding:
High blood pressure is the leading cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Heavy lifting or straining can cause pressure to rise in the brain and may lead to an aneurysm rupture.
Strong emotions, such as being upset or angry, can raise blood pressure and can subsequently cause aneurysms to rupture.
Blood "thinners" (such as warfarin), some medications and prescription drugs (including diet pills that act as stimulants such as ephedrine and amphetamines), and harmful drugs like cocaine can cause aneurysms to rupture and bleed.
What are the chances that an unruptured aneurysm may bleed?
Many factors determine whether an aneurysm is likely to bleed. These include the size, shape and location of the aneurysm and symptoms that it causes. Smaller aneurysms that are uniform in size may be less likely to bleed than larger, irregularly shaped ones. Once an aneurysm has bled, there's a very high chance of re-bleeding. That's why we recommend treatment as soon as possible.
What happens if an aneurysm bleeds?
If an aneurysm ruptures, it leaks blood into the space around the brain. This is called a "subarachnoid hemorrhage." Depending on the amount of blood, it can produce:
a sudden severe headache that can last from several hours to days
nausea and vomiting
drowsiness and/or coma
The hemorrhage may also damage the brain directly, usually from bleeding into the brain itself. This is called a "hemorrhagic stroke." This can lead to:
weakness or paralysis of an arm or leg
trouble speaking or understanding language
vision problems
What is the usual damage to the brain after an aneurysm bleeds?
Once an aneurysm bleeds, the chance of death is 30 to 40 percent and the chance of moderate to severe brain damage is 20 to 35 percent, even if the aneurysm is treated. Fifteen to 30 percent of patients have only mild difficulties or almost none. If the aneurysm isn't treated quickly enough, another bleed may occur from the already ruptured aneurysm.
In 15 to 20 percent of patients, vasospasm (irritation by the leaked blood causing narrowing of the blood vessels) may occur. This can lead to further brain damage. Other problems may include hydrocephalus (enlargement of the spaces within the brain that produce cerebrospinal fluid), difficulty breathing that requires a mechanical ventilator, and infection. Heart and lung problems may result due to extensive brain damage that can affect the body's normal functions.
Why is the damage so extensive after bleeding?
After blood enters the brain and the space around it, direct damage to the brain tissue and brain function results. The amount of damage is usually related to the amount of blood. Damage is due to the increased pressure and swelling from bleeding directly into the brain tissue, or from local cellular damage to brain tissue from irritation of blood in the space between the brain and the skull.
Blood can also irritate and damage the normal blood vessels and cause vasospasm (constriction). This can interrupt normal blood flow to the healthy brain tissue and can cause even more brain damage. This is called an "ischemic stroke."
Will treating a ruptured aneurysm reverse or improve brain damage?
Once an aneurysm bleeds and brain damage occurs, treating the aneurysm will not reverse the damage. Treatment helps prevent more bleeding, which can cause more damage to the brain and, consequently, to the body's functions. If bleeding has already caused brain damage, patients may benefit from rehabilitation therapy after the aneurysm has been treated.
How is a treatment method for an aneurysm chosen?
Each patient and each aneurysm is different. Doctors must evaluate the risk factors that favor treatment vs. non-treatment and decide which technique may be best.
It's important to consult with experts in this field. This should include a discussion with a cerebrovascular neurosurgeon who specializes in surgically clipping aneurysms, a neurosurgeon with endovascular expertise and training, a neurointerventionalist (a neurologist with endovascular training) or a neuroradiologist who specializes in the less invasive treatment of cerebral aneurysms by coiling. These types of medical specialists have different expertise and training backgrounds. We recommend you consult with several types of physicians.
How should an aneurysm be treated?
The best treatment depends on many things, including whether the aneurysm has ruptured or not. A ruptured aneurysm usually requires treatment right away, because the re-bleeding rate remains quite high. However, the treatment time and options for treatment depend on the size, location and shape of the aneurysm, as well as the patient's overall medical condition. If an aneurysm hasn't ruptured, the treatment decision depends on its size, location and shape, and the patient's symptoms. Each factor is important and requires consultation with a neurosurgeon and a neurointerventionalist or a neuroradiologist who has special skills and training in treating these types of aneurysms.
What treatments are available?
Medical therapy. Small, unruptured aneurysms that aren't creating any symptoms may not need treatment unless they grow, trigger symptoms or rupture. It's very important to have annual check-ups to monitor blood pressure, cholesterol and other medical conditions. Small, unruptured aneurysms require regular imaging examinations to make sure that they have not grown or changed significantly.
Neurosurgery. Depending on a person's risk factors, open surgery may be recommended. Patients are placed under general anesthesia, an opening is made in the skull, the brain tissue is spread apart, and the aneurysm is surgically exposed. Then the neurosurgeon places a surgical clip around its base. The clip seals off the aneurysm so blood can't enter. For an uncomplicated surgical clipping procedure, the hospital stay is usually four to six days. Full recovery usually takes several weeks to months.
Neurointerventionalist/neuroradiologist. Depending on the aneurysm's size, location and shape, it may be treatable from inside the blood vessel. This minimally invasive procedure is similar to the cerebral angiogram. However, in addition to taking pictures, a catheter is directed through the blood vessels into the aneurysm itself. Then, using X-ray guidance, the endovascular surgeon carefully places soft platinum micro-coils into the aneurysm and detaches them. The coils stay within the aneurysm and act as a mechanical barrier to blood flow, thus sealing it off. For an uncomplicated procedure, the hospital stay is usually one to two days. Recovery after the operation usually takes five to seven days. For a complicated surgery or endovascular treatment, or if an aneurysm has bled into the brain, hospitalization may last from one to four weeks, depending on the patient's medical condition and any complications caused by the hemorrhage.
What are the potential complications of aneurysm treatment?
Until the aneurysm is safely and completely treated, there's always the risk it may re-bleed and cause more brain damage. If normal blood vessels are damaged, it could also result in more brain damage. This could cause weakness or paralysis of the arm or leg, difficulty with speech or understanding, vision loss, confusion, loss of memory and/or seizures. There is also the risk of the anesthesia, infection, bleeding, damage to the kidneys from the X-ray dye and other potential problems. All these risks need to be carefully considered when deciding on a course of treatment. If the aneurysm isn't treated, it may bleed or grow in size.
What follow-up is required after aneurysm treatment?
Depending on the type of treatment, the two follow-up procedures are:
Surgical clipping. After this type of surgery, a post-operative angiogram is usually performed during the hospital stay to make sure the surgical clip has completely treated the aneurysm.
Neurointerventionalist/neuroradiologist. After coiling an aneurysm, a routine follow-up angiogram is usually performed six to 12 months after the procedure to make sure the aneurysm remains blocked off. In some cases, particularly with larger aneurysms, further coil treatment may be needed to make sure the aneurysm is no longer at risk.


text:
Ichetucknee Bed & Breakfast at the Smoakhouse Ranch
Serving our guests since 1994------A TripAdvisor 5 star rated lodging!
Your "Thd "tle text
Smoakhouse Home Page
Local Attractions
Contact Us
The Smoakhouse Ranch is a historic property, nestled in the center of the best Florida's north country has to offer. A crisp fall and winter. flowering springs and milder summers.
Truly an outdoorsmans dream.
We offer
fully appointed cabins with breakfast from $99.00!
Wander aimlessly in our woods (we've cleared trails for you). Thrill the cows, donkeys, mini. goats, and other Ranch pets with your attentions. Pick our unique blackberries, apples, and grapes when in season. Wander across the bridge, over the pond, and enjoy the antics of the frogs, fish and turtles. This is a working 22 acre farm.
Ponder the ancient, tall pecan trees. Sit on your own porch, or the swing, with a book (There's one written about this very place!). Take a dip in our pool. Enjoy the use of our grills and campfire circles. End your day on your own porch, as the quiet of this place surrounds you. Retire to down covered beds or the sleeping lofts.
We're in the heart of Florida's spring and river country. We can arrange a day on the Rivers, or you can tour a dozen huge springs. Swim, SCUBA dive and explore. Bring your kayak or rent a canoe. Day trip the antique and art shops of High Springs, Live Oak and Mayo - All within 30 minutes, as well as 8 area parks!
The popular Ichetucknee park and river run are only minutes away.
Located on the Homestead site of an old family farm (some of the original structures still serve us), we have created a unique country place for you. There are three private cottages, and a full 3/2 farmhouse. Your comfort, and a pleasant introduction to the spirit of the country are the key to each select furnishing.
All lodgings feature full baths, well planned modern kitchens, and all amenities to allow self-catering if desired. Spacious bed and sitting rooms. A large covered deck. Central heat and A/C that you control. Cabin 1 features a sleeping loft. The Farmhouse is suitable for large family gatherings.
We have also included a DVD player and HDTV. Internet access is complimentary. The Earl cabin recreates the actual hand-built, rough cypress, 1920's farm house, with all it's warmth, open family space and pioneer spirit. All of the amenities and comforts, in a very special place.
4321 Southeast County Road 500, Branford Florida, 32008
Content copyright


text:
Paul covered it so I don't have to. Yay!
Here's the McCain quote from last night's debate that sparked his post and this one:
The rise of obesity amongst young Americans is one of the most alarming statistics that there is. We should have physical fitness programs and nutrition programs in schools. Every parent should know what's going on there.
As Paul notes, "the rise of obesity amongst young Americans" has already leveled off. There's that. As for the other stuff, well, I covered what I thought of that back in July:
Free fruits and veggies for everyone! Local, organic produce for all my friends! While you're at it, bring back gym class and train future phys ed instructors to focus on encouraging the joy of movement instead of forcing everyone to move their bodies in exactly the same way, regardless of any pain (physical and/or emotional) it causes! Subsidize exercise facilities until they're affordable for everyone! Create more bike paths! Clean up local bodies of water so everyone can swim for free! Build cities on the scale of human bodies instead of cars, and keep the streets safe enough for everyone to walk around! Ban high fructose corn syrup! Keep fast food and soda and junk food corporations out of the schools! Raise the minimum wage and shorten working hours so people have more time to cook and be active! KNOCK YOURSELVES RIGHT THE FUCK OUT creating an environment that makes it easier for everyone to eat a variety of fresh foods and get plenty of exercise!
But don't tell me that's going to make everyone thin — and really, really don't tell me that making people thinner should be the main point of such a plan.
Also, it's worth remembering that 90% of nine-year-olds get "a couple of hours of exercise a day," making the panic over the millions of supposedly sedentary children glued to their computers and Wiis a mite puzzling.
Paul also calls out Obama, as well he should, for featuring THE OBESITY EPIDEMIC BOOGA BOOGA BOOGA in his health care plan. The fact is, there is no politician on the national stage who's clued in to Health at Every Size at this point, and I imagine it'll be some time before there is one. That's why I've long said I don't even factor fat policy into my voting decisions, because everyone's fucking policy is still that fatties are destroying America. Having said that, Obama's plan offers one thing that stands to benefit us, even if the focus on "prevention" (which experience tells me to read as "weight loss" — just like "wellness program," as Paul points out) makes me queasy: Under his plan, insurance companies won't be able to deny coverage for pre-existing conditions. That could make a big difference — although it would depend on whether they're still allowed to charge people with pre-existing conditions exorbitant prices.
Anyway, to sum up: McCain and Obama both suck on fat. McCain sucks more.
This thread is open for discussion of that and anything else that struck you about last night's debate. I actually didn't watch this time, so I've got some catching up to do.


text:
All of life is founded on the interactions of millions of proteins. These are the building blocks for cells and form the molecular mechanisms of life. The problem is that proteins are extremely difficult to study, particularly because there are so many of them and they appear in all sizes and weights. Now, Kris Gevaert from VIB/Ghent University and colleagues from the universities of Freiburg and Bochum have achieved a breakthrough in protein research. Using yeast, they have succeeded in making virtually the complete inventory of all the proteins in the mitochondria, the energy producers found in every cell. Their research findings are being published in Cell, the most prestigious professional journal in the life sciences field.
During their research, the scientists encountered the Icp55 enzyme, which fulfills an important role in the stabilization of the proteins in the mitochondria. Until now, it was unclear just how the cell accomplished this. Icp55 turns out to be a molecular pair of scissors that snips off one of the ends of certain proteins, so that these proteins are transformed from an unstable to a stable form.
"This is a crucial step for fundamental research on proteins, the building blocks of life," says Kris Gevaert, VIB researcher at Ghent University. "It's the first time that such a precise protein determination of the mitochondria has been achieved. Our breakthrough was made possible by COFRADIC, a technology that enables us to analyze protein mixtures much more sensitively and accurately."
"We're now able to detect protein forms that were simply overlooked before," Kris Gevaert continues. "So we're receiving requests for scientific collaborations from all over the world."
COFRADIC is a technology developed by VIB/Ghent University researchers Joël Vandekerckhove and Kris Gevaert. With COFRADIC, the traditional conception of protein identification has been turned upside-down. Instead of first separating the intact proteins, the entire protein mixture is cut into small pieces (peptides) − which are more soluble and much easier to separate in order to conduct further analyses. Applying this approach to the samples provided by the German scientists revealed a new protein (Icp55) − which proved to be key in explaining protein stabilization in mitochondria, a mystery that has been unsolved up to now.


text:
The biggest week of college football games comes at a good time. Your stocks are tanking, summer is fading, you may or may not get fired in the newest round of layoffs, and you're thinking about getting an MBA or going to law school but you're not sure whether it makes sense to take out the student loads. As if that weren't enough a presidential election is bearing down on you and your condoms broke with the bartender who needs to lose fifteen pounds and eight years. Yeah, you need a weekend on the couch. Good for you. So do I. Especially because my son is learning to walk and this means that my job is to hold his hands and chase him wherever he wants to go. All the stooping is killing my back. It actually hurts to type right now. This is not a good sign. Thank God for football. Here's my breakdown of the 8 biggest games of the weekend. Texas v. Oklahoma (-6.5)- According to Texas fans Colt McCoy is the white Vince Young. Their stats are comparable but it's yet to be determined whether their big game heroics and sanity are equally similar. Although rumor has it that Colt has been rolling into Austin bars shirtless and swilling Patron for months. Make of this what you will. Meanwhile Sam Bradford of Oklahoma has already thrown 18 touchdown passes. Seriously, 18. Colt only has 16. Both men have thrown 3 picks. So their combined touchdown to interception ratio is 34-6. This would be more impressive if either team had played a legit top 25 opponent yet. But they haven't. Both the Texas and Oklahoma offenses average over 45 points a game while each is giving up less than two touchdowns. In a stroke of mathematical precision that has yet to be noted by anyone in either Texas or Oklahoma both teams average margin of victory is 35.8. So something has got to give. (Brent Musberger made himself a legend by intoning the previous cliche with the proper measure of respect.) Just be careful, this game is set for 12 eastern. Set the damn alarm. South Carolina (-3) at Kentucky- It's rare you see a line move four points. This one has. After opening as one-point favorites the Cats now find themselves three-point home dogs. I have no idea what this signifies. Except somehow I think Stephen Garcia is behind the magically moving line. I'm expecting him to go all Achilles on us and decapitate Kentucky's quarterback Mike Hartline during warm-ups. Word is he blames Hartline for killing Patroclus. Remember where you heard it first. Unless you're a police officer then...ha...lucky guess.
Nebraska at Texas Tech (-20)- It's even rarer I give gambling advice, but right now take all of the money that you've got left in stocks, cash out (go ahead and take your tax losses), and put it on Texas Tech to cover the 20 point line. Seriously, do it. Nebraska has the defense of a southern Theta at a Dave Matthews concert. Which is to say none. Back the truck up at the sports book. Do it now. Do it. (Not that you still subscribe to peer pressure anymore but if you don't do this then I'm telling everyone that you slept with special sheets to keep your mattress from getting soaked when you still wet your bed at the age of 16.)
(Mike Leach will make you one rich ass dude. Trust me.) Tennessee at Georgia (-12)-- As you're reading this I'm somewhere in the backwoods of Georgia on the Tennessee team bus. If the Vols allow a punt return for a touchdown you'll probably be able to hear me squealing on the television contest. In what might be a Deadspin first, email me if you're driving back from Athens to Nashville. I don't have a ride home since the team is returning home via plane. This is not a joke. Oklahoma State at Missouri (-14)- This is one of three games that Missouri could potentially lose in the regular season. The other two are at Texas and against Kansas on the final week. They probably won't lose this game but it should be entertaining as hell. Oklahoma State's under the radar. If they can score in the 40's, they won't be after this weekend. Regardless, Chase Daniel and Warren Buffet's album is so going platinum when it drops next week.
Arkansas at Auburn (-17)- How bad is Arkansas? Auburn hasn't scored more than two offensive touchdowns in the SEC this year and they just fired their offensive coordinator, yet they're favored by 17. I'm really just mentioning this game so I can link Tony Franklin clearing out his office. Which they filmed in Alabama. Well, of course they did.
|Tony Franklin leaves Auburn
Penn State (-5.5) at Wisconsin- Sooner or later Wisconsin's fans are going to turn on the band and blame their sexual misconduct for all the team's misfortune. But that's in the future. Six quarters ago Wisconsin fans believed they were headed to the Rose Bowl. Now, they're just hoping not to end up in the Motor City Bowl. Yeah, the college football tides turn in a hurry. Meanwhile this is game 2 of Penn State's march to the BCS Title game. Win and it's looking like their road game at Ohio State will decide the Big Ten title. Lose...and it's still looking like their road game at Ohio State will decide the Big Ten title. LSU at Florida (-6)- Just once I'd like to see the world through Les Miles colored glasses. Nothing in life is uncertain to Les Miles. He's the least doubting man in America. As a consequence he's fearless. That's the only way to explain his success. Hemingway said, "The world breaks everyone and afterward many are stronger at broken places." I disagree, the world has never broken Les Miles. And it never will. Conversely, the world breaks Tim Tebow after every game. He cries, he mopes, he swears fealty to an angry God. Last year LSU fans got Tebow's phone number, this year, they're gunning for his football life. Which they cleverly informed the referees. Meaning LSU gets flagged for at least two late hits in the first half. The resulting points from those drives will probably be enough to make a difference.


text:
Awards range from $800-$1,800 as an incoming freshman. Continuing student awards are determined by HEAB and based on available funding. The state of Wisconsin funds the program. The Wisconsin Educational Opportunity Program (WEOP) office and Marquette select eligible students and determine the amount of each student's grant. Entering freshman must apply and be nominated by our office or the WEOP office.
Awards are renewed annually if a student received TIP during freshman year and funds are available at the time that the application is complete. Continuing awards may be less than freshman awards. TIP can be received for a maximum of 10 terms and is only available for six years after the initial grant is awarded.
The Office of Student Financial Aid provides undergraduate and graduate students with resources about types of financial aid and student employment.
FAFSA School Code: 003863
Questions or for more information, contact the Office of Student Financial Aid


text:
This is to show you how to use WPE for YoVille.
How to hack Yoville! Yoville cheats, tricks, hacks.
Yoville is a game that can be played on Facebook or MySpace. In the words of Yoville's Facebook app, YoVille is a world where you can buy new clothes for your player, purchase items for your apartment, go to work, and meet new friends. Yoville is a city building simulation game.
Search WonderHowTo for all the latest Yoville hacks.


text:
Sophomore Stephanie Regan hit her first homerun of the season Friday (Harvard Athletic Communications).
CAMBRIDGE, Mass. – The Harvard softball team got four runs on two homers in game one Friday, but fell in the late innings to the slugging of Princeton despite two more homeruns of its own, as the Crimson earned an Ivy League doubleheader split at Soldiers Field.
Sophomore Stephanie Regan got Harvard (19-11, 5-1 Ivy League) on the board early with a one-out solo shot in the bottom of the first inning. Kasey Lange followed with a double and would score on Allison Scott's RBI single in the next at-bat to give the Crimson a 2-0 lead after one.
A two-out rally in the second inning would stake Harvard to a 6-0 lead as Regan got things going with a double to left-center field. She would score on Lange's second double in as many innings, and after Whitney Shaw was hit by a pitch, Scott delivered the early knockout punch by sending the ball deep over the left-field wall for a three-run homerun, her second long ball of the season. Scott would finish the game going 3-for-4 with four RBIs.
That was all Crimson ace Rachel Brown would need, as she shutout the Tigers (12-16, 3-3 Ivy League) for seven innings by holding them to two hits and striking out 10 on four walks for her 13th win of the season. Brown would make a one-inning appearance in game two as well, posting another scoreless frame with one strikeout and two hits. Brown's ERA fell to 1.57 Friday and her strikeout total has reached 189 for the spring.
Game two looked to be much of the same, as Harvard again got a first-inning homerun, this one from Lange, for an early 1-0 lead. That's the way it would stay, however, as Princeton starter Alex Peyton shut down the Crimson lineup for the next five innings, scattering four hits and striking out four to keep her team close.
Princeton came out swinging in the top of the seventh still trailing 1-0. The Tigers struck for five straight hits, including back-to-back doubles that plated the go-ahead and insurance runs to make the score 3-1, which would later prove vital in the home half of the inning.
With two outs in the bottom of the seventh, Jane Alexander pulled Harvard's fourth homerun of the day over the right-center field wall to pull the Crimson within one. Peyton then had to face Harvard's best statistical hitter in Ellen Macadam. Peyton held on for the win though, as Macadam's Friday struggles continued, as she grounded out to second base to end the game and wrap up the day at 0-for-7.
Regan finished the day 4-for-7 with a homerun, double, two runs scored and an RBI. Lange went 4-for-7 with a homerun, two doubles, two RBIs and three runs scored.
The Crimson continues its Ivy League slate Saturday with another home doubleheader, as Cornell visits Soldiers Field for a first-pitch time of 12:30 p.m.


text:
Hazards on construction sites can be down to lots of different causes. Weather conditions, working with crash hazards, time pressure, and lack of agreements all increase the risk of injury to your employees. Our safety and health coordinators (Sicherheits- und Gesundheitsschutzkoordinatoren, or SiGeKo for short) can keep track of everything - even on large construction sites with employees from several companies. From issuing notice of the construction site, to drawing up a safety and health plan, right up to laying down site regulations and coordinating work safety measures and various employers on the construction site.
With TÜV Rheinland as your partner for coordinating work safety measures on your site, you:
The aim of construction site regulations (Baustellenverordnung, effective since 1998) is to ensure that hazards are avoided and accidents prevented. It specifies that a supervisor for security matters must be available on all construction sites, if employees from several companies work there. Their careful and systematic approach helps keep construction operations free of costly disruptions.


text:
20th Mar 2009
- Announcement:
- REPORTING POSTS - You can help.
- Views:
- 390,267
Forum: THE FOUNDRY
If casting is your thing then this one is for you. weather it's lost-wax, plaster or sand casting, iron, bronze, precious metals or anything else. This is the forum for you,


text:
The Film
At 31, filmmaker Joanna Rudnick faces an impossible decision: remove her breasts and ovaries or risk incredible odds of developing cancer.
Armed with a positive genetic test result that leaves her essentially 'a ticking time bomb', she balances dreams of having her own children with the unnerving reality that she is risking her life by holding on to her fertility. In The Family follows Joanna as she takes us on a journey through the unpredictable world of predictive genetic testing.
Turning the camera on herself, Joanna bares her conflicting emotions about preventative surgery and the potential consequences. Turning the camera on her new relationship, she and her partner capture a young couple falling in love in the shadow of the mutation. Turning the camera on the company that owns the patents to the BRCA genes, she questions their control over access to the test. Along the way, she looks to other women and families dealing with the same unbelievable information.
Intensely personal and timely, In The Family is a groundbreaking investigation that attempts to answer the question: How much do you sacrifice to survive?
As Seen October 1st on PBS program P.O.V.
Join the Discussion
Visit our forums to share your opinions about the film or to discuss how BRCA and genetic testing have touched your life of the life of someone you know.
Active forum topics
Latest News
- FORCE NYC hosts "Viewing BRCA", a special In the Family screening
- Joanna Rudnick on "BRCA-Mommy-Hood"
- Martha Haley's "How"
- Joanna Rudnick to speak at LA FORCE screening
- In the Family in Seattle and Canada
- The personal impact of In The Family
- Joanna Rudnick heralds "landmark victory" in ACLU/Myriad gene patenting case
- Judge rules in favor of ACLU in Myriad Genetic case
- In the Family screening reaches bilingual audience
- Better Boys Foundation to screen In the Family in Chicago


text:
Philips Avent flat, drop-shaped symmetrical teats respect the natural development of your baby's palate, teeth and gums, even if the soother ends up upside down in the mouth.
The Philips Avent silicone teat is taste-free and odour-free so it's more likely to be accepted by your baby. The silicone is smooth, transparent, easy to clean, and it doesn't get sticky. The teat is strong, long-lasting, and won't become misshapen or discoloured over time.


text:
Search results (921)
communitychannelnewCommunity InformationRemove
- Business (121)
- Central and Local Government Services (121)
- Community Resources -Voluntary Groups and Venues (269)
- Education Work and Training (181)
- Environment and Conservation (48)
- Ethnic minorities and refugees (25)
- Health and well-being (85)
- Housing and Homelessness (111)
- Money, benefits and debt (47)
- Places of Worship (57)
- Sport and leisure (379)
- Transport and Travel (30)
Filter results
Information and advice
0-5s Stay and Play, Caxton House
Under 5s Drop In: Monday and Friday, 9.30am to 1pm in the Cafe. Spring term 2 January to 17 April 2020
Caxton House Community Centre is a vibrant community hub based near Archway in the London Borough of Islington. Our Under 5s Drop In is an ideal stay and play for children and parents/carers to socialise, play and meet other families.
5aside.org has 5-a-side, 6-a-side and 7-a-side football leagues running across London including Islington. Includin a women's league.
812 Community Bus Service - Operated by Hackney Community Transport Group
The 812 accessible bus service runs between Hoxton and the Angel along roads such as Bath Street, Packington Street, the Sainsbury's supermarket in Islington, Percy Circus, Skinner Street (for Exmouth Market), Old Street (Golden Lane) and Dufferin Street. The service runs Monday to Friday (except…
9F (Islington) Squadron Air Training Corps
9F (Islington) Squadron Air Training Corps Founded in 1938, we are the local branch of the RAF Air Cadets, and Islington's premier uniformed youth organisation for nearly 80 Years!
The Access to Sports Project
The Access to Sports Project offers to young people coaching and competitive opportunities in a variety of sports and activities including: archery athletics badminton basketball baseball boxercise fitness football multi-sports netball roller skating tag rugby The Project also offers opportunities for young people to gain…
The Access to Sports Project - Christmas Sports Festival
Activities including: Trampolining, Non-Contact boxing, Badminton. Tennis, Fencing, Archery, Dodge-ball, Baseball, Softball, Dance, Ice Skating and much more including competitions. Come along and get active! Please note: we are taking online bookings for Ice Skating. Full details can be found on our website https://accesstosports.org.uk/bookings/
Access to Work
Access to Work can help you if your health or disability affects the way you do your job. It gives you and your employer advice and support with extra costs which may arise because of your needs.
Accident and Emergency Whittington Hospital
The emergency department assesses and treats people with serious or life threatening emergency needs. If you urgently need medical help or advice but it is not a life-threatening situation or if you don't know who to ring, call 111. The service is available 24 hours a…
Acol Bridge Club
Whether you are new to bridge or an expert you are very welcome at the Acol. Bridge classes At the Acol - the home of bridge and London's most famous teaching club - we aim to provide a complete bridge education. We offer classes and…
Action On Pre-Eclampsia Helpline
Advice and information for women who have ante-natal complication.
Action Space supports the development of artists with learning disabilities and creates innovative projects for people with learning disabilities to engage with the visual arts.Action Space runs a number of weekly Studio Project for adults with learning disabilities at the Cockpit Arts Studio in Holborn,…
Active Spaces
Activities thoughout term time 2020. Below programme from Monday 13th January 2020 Join in the fun on Andover, Bemerton and Mayville estates and get physically and socially active! Weekly sessions. No need to book, just turn up FREE group activity sessions led by experienced and…
Address Management
The Council's Address Management Service deals with the following types of application:- addresses for new developments addresses for properties where the number of units is being changed, e.g. where a house is being converted into a number of self-contained flats changes to property names adding…
Adult and Community Learning Open Day at Arsenal Learning Centre and First Steps Learning Centre
Wednesday 8 and Thursday 9 January 2020, 9.30am to 4pm
Free Learning for adults. Find out more about courses available or enrol on a course. Different courses covering: Computer skills Maths Community engagement Preparing for work English ESOL Family Learning Come along and find out more!
Adult and Community Learning, ACL
Islington Adult and Community Learning Service, part of Islington Learning Skills and Employment, works in partnership with the voluntary and community sector to provide a network of neighbourhood learning centres across the borough. We offer a range of free courses, including Esol Classes, for Islington residents who…
Adult Learning Advice Drop in at Hungerford Children's Centre
Tuesday, 21 Jan, 25 Feb, 17 March 2020, 9.15am-12noon
Free Learning for adults. Find out more about courses available: Computer skills Maths Community engagement Preparing for work English ESOL Family Learning Come along and find out more!
Advice UK
Advice UK is the country's largest network of advice-providing organisations. Website provides information on policy, services, projects and news for advice-providing organisations.
Age UK Islington
We provide free information and advice on a range of issues for over 55s, we help people to regain or maintain confidence to live safely and well at home, perhaps after a period of hospitalisation, and offer practical help with essential jobs around the house.…
AGLOW (Association Of Greater London Older Women)
Campaign for improved status, rights and services for older women. Challenge ageism, sexism, homophobia, racism, disableism and much more. Hold conferences and workshops on health, social care and education issues. Use drama based on our members' experiences to raise awareness and promote good practice. Perform…
Aidis Trust
Aidis Trust specialises in assistivecomputer technology for disabled people. Our aim is to help people, regardless of their disability, to gain the most from today's computer technology. We are an independent charity with over 35 years of experience working with assistive computer technology. The Aidis…


text:
Ratchet and Clank return as heroes for hire in Ratchet and Clank: Going Commando, the second game in this action platforming franchise. A greedy race of aliens called the Blarg has ruined its own planet and now seeks to build a new homeworld, by stealing the choice parts of other inhabited planets and destroying the rest. Our heroic duo take up a job to find a stolen experiment for mega-corporation Abercombie Fitzwidget, meeting a large cast of characters who will help them along the way.
There are 18 entirely new weapons, as well as five weapons from the first game (you can upload them if using your old memory save). Each weapon is upgradeable, utilizing a new experience system, where weapons transform into more powerful forms the more they are used. In addition to main story levels, new Maxi-games give players a chance to test their skills and gain experience.
I was one of the few people (or critics, anyway) that wasn't completely enamored with the original Ratchet & Clank. While it was a beautiful game, I found myself bored and uninterested by the time I reached the halfway point. So, I was a bit apprehensive about the new Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando, which is here barely a year after the release of the original. To my surprise, Insomniac was able to add just enough tweaks and twists to last year's formula to turn a somewhat generic-feeling character action game into something that actually holds my attention. Read More »
Ratchet and Clank are almost ready for their next intergalactic adventure, only a year after the first appearance of the fuzzy alien and his logical, metallic sidekick. The brevity of the game's dev cycle would seem surprising if it were by any other developer, but Ratchet creator Insomniac Games has a long history of churning out decent quality sequels at an otherworldly pace. What is surprising is that Ratchet and Clank: Going Commando is in the neighborhood of 150% as large as its prequel, a feat Insomniac accomplished by nearly doubling the size of its hard-working development staff. The end result is a sequel that should surpass the original in just about every way, and may even please the rare people, myself included, who were not crazy about the original. Read More »
The platforming genre has experienced a stunning rebirth in recent times, and no game quite epitomizes this newfound prosperity so much as last year's Ratchet & Clank. A "character action game" (as its developers would call it), Ratchet & Clank made quite the splash this past Christmas season, and proved that there was life beyond Spyro for developer Insomniac. More surprisingly, the game enjoyed unprecedented success in Japan, where it actually outsold its U.S. counterpart. Considering this success (and Insomniac's history of Spyro sequels), it's no surprise that the studio is hard at work on a sequel. What is surprising is that Ratchet & Clank: Going Commando will be in stores in time for the holiday season. Read More »
Also known as: Ratchet and Clank: Going Commando, Ratchet & Clank 2: Going Commando [unofficial title], Ratchet and Clank 2: GaGaGa! Commandos of the Galaxy, Ratchet and Clank: Locked and Loaded
Release Region: United States
Release Date: November 11, 2003
Publisher: Sony Computer Entertainment
Release Region: United States
Release Date: November 11, 2003
Publisher: Sony Computer Entertainment
Also available on: PlayStation 3
For more info on these technical requirements and features, please view GameSpy's Specs FAQ.
Ratchet & Clank: Going... at IGN
Ratchet & Clank: Going... at GameSpy
Ratchet & Clank: Going... at GameStats


text:
Finance Projects
TEM Training Videos
In an effort to provide useful training material about the Travel and Expense Management System (TEM), a number of videos have been created and are available on the University Travel website.
Finance Training Collaboration Project
Training videos have been created for the many areas of Banner Finance and are available through UAOnline. These videos were created through collaboration with the UAA, UAF, UAS and Statewide. Meeting minutes are also available.
Workflow Project
Workflow projects can be viewed at this link.


text:
New for the 2011 winter snowkite season, Wainman Hawaii will be travelling to the best snowkiting terrain and events in the nation. Hosted by team rider Matt Thames, Wainman Hawaii, & SnowkiteOregon.com will be promoting the durability and performance of the Rabbit kites in the rough conditions of the backcountry.
The Wainman crew will be at many of the U.S. snowkite events such as Snowkite Soldier, Superfly Open, and many more. For more info check out: www.WainmanHawaiiUSsnowkiteTour.Blogspot.com


text:
Acid Brown NR
- Datasheet (英語)
Dimacolor Industry Group Co., Ltd.目前只在以下作出標識的區域展示其產品資料:
Acid Brown NR is an acid brown dye with a CI Name of Acid Brown 75 and a CI Number of 34905. This product appears as a brown powder. It can be used in paints and inks. It can also be used to dye paper, cotton and silk.
Dimacolor Industry Group Co.,Ltd was founded in 2005. The company is located in one of most beautiful citys in China-Hangzhou. China dyestuff, pigment, paint ink plastic additive, oil drilling chemicals manufactures, suppliers and factory. Dimacolor is a professional pigment & dyes manufacturer and exporter. Their annual production capacity is 10000 metric tons and their products are used in the graphic arts and inks industry.
產品類型 Categories
- 染料 ~ Acid Dyes ~ Brown Dyes
Dimacolor Industry Group Co., Ltd.
希望在賽百庫經銷商/貿易商板塊進行展示推廣?請立即聯絡我們 !


text:
You are about to enter a website that may contain content of an adult nature.
Hello everyone, this is Indian cam girl AnielaForYou here. I'm 45 year old Female speak English in the Indian live sex chat action. im eager to please, so help me do it! tell em your innermost desires, everything you imagine doing to me, what you would like me to do to you!. hello guys , let me introduce u in to my special world !!! Im a hot brunette with long hair , tan silky skin , and dark eyes . I love to play with my body and use it for pleasure ....If u want to discover more about pleasure join me !!!. Call me sweetheart and ill show you what a real woman is capable of! You will get so turned on you wont believe it...trust me and my smoking body! is my expertise and also what I will do in Indian live sex private show. I have Black eyes, Long Black hairs and my measurements are 35-23-35. For Turn ons: I love to see a guy with his cock rock hard for me!. For TurnsOff: Hmmm nothing can spoil my good mood !!!. If you prefer kinks, then Piercings,Shaved, are mine. I'm just hungry for a HARD cock, can't wait to see u in my Indian webcam sex chat room! :)
This website contains live indian sex cams, desi cams, hindi cam and tamil sex chat related sexually explicit content.
You must be at least 18 years of age to enter this website.
© Since 2012 myindiansexcams.com Indian Sex Chat Network All Rights Reserved
AllHosts1 - AllHosts2 - AllHosts3 - AllHosts4 - AllHosts5 - AllHosts6 - AllHosts7 - AllHosts8 - AllHosts9 - AllHosts10 - AllHosts11 - AllHosts12


text:
Roma Tomatoes: The Italian Plum
Like other fruits and vegetables, tomatoes can range in size, color and use. Roma tomatoes are red or yellow with an egg or oval shape. They differ from their tomato cousins because they're usually meatier, denser and tend to have more pulp. With lower water content, they're a bit sturdier and hold up better when cut than other tomato varieties.
How they're grown:
- Roma tomatoes are grown in the United States, Mexico, Australia and Great Britain.
- Roma tomatoes are generally available year-round. It has been said that San Marzana, Italy (near Naples) has the most ideal climate to grow Roma tomatoes.
- The vines that produce the Roma tomatoes are referred to as "determinate." This means that the tomatoes ripen all at once rather than progressively throughout the season.
How to shop for them:
- Roma tomatoes are firmer than other tomatoes and can easily be identified by their oval shape.
- Select tomatoes with a bright-red color.
- Look for Roma tomatoes with smooth skin, and avoid wrinkles and cracks.
How to store them:
- Store in a dry place at room temperature. Storing tomatoes in the fridge can reduce their flavor.
How to prepare them:
- Due to their durability, Roma tomatoes are suited for cooking or for raw use.
- The subtle sweetness of the Roma is intensified by cooking, so they're commonly used for processed tomato products such as tomato paste, tomato sauce, ketchup and soup.
How to eat them:
- Roma tomatoes pair well with garlic, chilies, beans, basil, oregano, cilantro and cheeses. They also pair well with shrimp.
- They can be slow roasted, dried, stuffed and baked, or sliced and added to stews, soups and sauces. They can also be diced and used in fresh salsa or in other fresh dishes like salads.
- Sliced Roma tomatoes are especially useful as a pizza topping, because they hold their shape and won't make the pizza soggy.
Nutritional highlights:Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â
Tomatoes contain vitamin C, vitamin A, fiber and potassium. They also contain an impressive antioxidant called lycopene. Lycopene has been said to be useful for heart health. The cooking process can actually result in the lycopene becoming even more available for use in the body. Tomatoes also have other carotenoids (including beta-carotene), which have been shown to support eye health.
- ½ cup of chopped fresh tomato has only 15 calories, no fat or cholesterol, and 4 grams of total carbohydrate including 1 gram of fiber.
- ½ cup of chopped tomatoes also provides 15% of the daily recommended value of Vitamin A and 20% of the daily recommended value of Vitamin C.