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Fungal infections
Fungal infections
Natural Standard Monograph, Copyright © 2013 (www.naturalstandard.com). Commercial distribution prohibited. This monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. You should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions.
Related Terms
Antifungal, athlete's foot, Candida albicans, dermatophytes, fingernail infection, fungal infection, fungal nail infection, fungal scalp infection, fungal spores, fungi, fungus, histoplasmosis, jock itch, molluscum contagiosum, mucocutaneous candidiasis, nail infections, onychomycosis, oral candidiasis, oral thrush, paronychia, thrush, tinea capitis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, tinea versicolor, toenail infection, yeast infection.
Some organisms, called fungi, may cause diseases in humans. When a fungus's tiny reproductive cells (spores) enter the body or come into contact with the skin and begin to multiply, it is called a fungal infection.
Fungi may be found in virtually every type of habitat including land, fresh water, and salt water. However, they are most common in dark, moist, and warm environments. They are often found in the soil, on food, and on the skin.
Most types of fungi are harmless to humans.
Disease-causing fungi may enter the body through the skin, nose, vagina, nails, or mouth. This is because these areas of the body are the most likely to be exposed to fungi.
Fungi cause different diseases depending on the specific type of fungus and where they are in the body. Examples of common fungal infections include athlete's foot, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, jock itch (tinea cruris), onychomycosis, fungal paronychia, tinea capitis, and tinea versicolor.
Most fungal infections do not cause serious medical problems. If left untreated, some types of fungal infections may spread to other parts of the body and even lead to death. However, if diagnosed and treated quickly, most patients with fungal infections experience a complete recovery. Fungal infections are treated with medications called antifungals. Depending on the type, severity, and location of the infection, as well as the patient's overall health, antifungals may be taken by mouth, applied to the skin, or injected into the vein.
Common Types and Causes of Fungal Infections
Athlete's foot (tinea pedis): Athlete's foot (tinea pedis) is a fungal infection of the foot that causes itching, stinging, and burning.
A group of fungi, called dermatophytes, cause athlete's foot. These fungi prefer warm moist environments. Individuals whose feet are exposed to this type of environment have an increased risk of developing an infection. Patients may be exposed to the fungi when they shower barefoot in a public facility, such as a gym.
Once the fungus comes into contact with human skin, it begins to reproduce. As a result, the top layer of the skin produces more skin cells than normal. This causes the skin on the feet to become thick, scaly, and itchy.
Most cases of athlete's foot can be treated with over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal medications. More severe infections that do not respond to OTC treatment may require prescription-strength antifungals.
Candidiasis: Mucocutaneous candidiasis is an opportunistic infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans. Opportunistic infections occur in individuals who have weakened immune systems. The infection can affect the mouth (oral candidiasis or oral thrush), esophagus (esophageal candidiasis), or vagina (vulvovaginal candidiasis or yeast infection).
The Candida albicans fungus is found almost everywhere in the environment, which is why most people have small amounts of Candida albicans in their mouth and/or vagina at any given time. However, individuals with healthy immune systems are usually able to prevent the fungus from multiplying and causing an infection. In rare cases, when candidiasis affects healthy individuals, symptoms are usually minor. In contrast, immunocompromised patients, such as HIV patients or patients receiving immunosuppressants, often suffer from severe symptoms including painful lesions in the mouth that make it difficult to eat.
In addition to pathogenic bacteria in the body, antibiotics may also eliminate normal, healthy bacteria which may allow for the overgrowth of Candida. Use of oral antibiotics, especially broad spectrum antibiotics, has been associated with an increased occurrence of yeast infection. Antibiotics have also been detected in animal products such as meat, poultry, and cow's milk. In human study, significantly higher Candida albicans counts were found in the stool of patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD).
If left untreated, oral candidiasis may progress to esophageal candidiasis, which occurs when the infection spreads to the esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that leads from the mouth to the stomach. Drugs that suppress acid production, such as H2-blockers and proton pump inhibitors, may contribute to fungal infections of the upper gastrointestinal tract and may predispose some patients to infectious Candida esophagitis.
Vaginal candidiasis (yeast infection) is common in both healthy and immunocompromised patients. Researchers estimate that about 75% of all women are likely to have at least one vaginal Candida infection during their lifetime and up to 45% experience two or more. Individuals who become pregnant, take high-estrogen birth control pills, have uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, wear tight-fitting clothes, receive antibiotic therapy, or have sexually transmitted diseases have an increased risk of developing yeast infections.
Candidiasis infections are generally treated with antifungals. Treatment generally lasts about 10 to 14 days.
Histoplasmosis: Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection of the lungs that may spread to other organs and tissues of the body.
The Histoplasma capsulatum fungus causes histoplasmosis. The fungus is commonly found in damp soil that is rich in organic material. The tiny reproductive cells of the fungus (spores) enter the body through the nose or mouth when a patient inhales or consumes contaminated food or water.
Most patients with histoplasmosis do not experience any symptoms of the disease and do not require treatment. This is because healthy individuals have strong immune systems that are able to prevent the fungi from multiplying and causing an infection.
However, patients with weakened immune systems, especially HIV patients and infants, are vulnerable to developing infections that start in the lungs and spread to other areas of the body. When the infection spreads, it is called disseminated histoplasmosis. This condition is fatal if left untreated.
Patients with underlying diseases, such as emphysema, are also vulnerable to developing a long-term infection that primarily affects the lungs. When this happens, the condition is called chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis. Patients with this type of infection require lifelong treatment with antifungals.
In some cases, otherwise healthy individuals may develop histoplasmosis infections. This may happen if the patient is exposed to large amounts of the fungus. For instance, farmers who are frequently exposed to soil or bird or bat droppings have an increased risk of developing infections.
Jock itch (tinea cruris): Jock itch, also called tinea cruris, is a fungal infection that affects the skin of the inner thighs, buttocks, and genitals.
Jock itch is caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes. The fungi that cause jock itch are usually the same organisms that causes athlete's foot, tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp), and tinea versicolor. These organisms normally live on the skin and do not cause an infection. However, when areas of the body are frequently moist, the fungi may grow uncontrollably. Although anyone can acquire the infection, it is most common in individuals who sweat a lot, such as athletes or those who are overweight. This is because a warm and sweaty environment provides an especially good habitat for fungi.
Jock itch is mildly contagious. It may spread through physical contact or after using shared items (e.g. towels) that came into contact with the infected person's skin.
Jock itch is not a serious infection. It is usually treated with antifungals that are applied to the skin.
Onychomycosis: Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail bed.
A group of fungi called dermatophytes are usually the cause of onychomycosis. The fungi that cause the infection prefer warm moist environments. Therefore, patients are most likely to develop onychomycosis if their nails are frequently exposed to such environments, such as sweaty socks or shower floors. Toenails are more likely to be affected than fingernails.
Onychomycosis can be successfully treated with oral antifungals.
Fungal paronychia: Fungal paronychia is a fungal skin infection that occurs near the nail beds. It causes the skin around the fingernails or toenails to become red and swollen. It may also cause pus-filled blisters to form.
Fungal paronychia is commonly caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes. Fungal paronychia is common among patients with onychomycosis, diabetes, and those who are frequently getting their hands wet for long periods of time (e.g. swimmers). Biting the nails, hangnails, or pushing back the cuticles also increases the risk of an infection.
Patients respond well to treatment with antifungals. However, it may take several months for the infection to be completely cured.
Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp): Tinea capitis, also called ringworm of the scalp, is a fungal infection of the skin on the head.
Tinea capitis is caused by a group of fungi called dermatophytes. Once the disease-causing fungi come into contact with the skin, the organism begins to multiply and an infection develops. Tinea capitis is contagious, and it can spread through skin-to-skin contact. Patients may be exposed to the fungi after touching an infected animal, such as a dog, cat, ferret, rabbit, goat, or pig. Patients may also become infected after touching objects (e.g. towels, clothing, or bed linens) that an infected person or animal has been in contact with.
Tinea versicolor: Tinea versicolor is a common fungal infection of the skin that causes patches of the skin to appear lighter than normal. The infection generally worsens during hot and humid weather.
Tinea versicolor is caused by Malassezia furfur, which is normally found on the skin. Many factors, including hot and humid weather, immunosuppression, hormonal changes, excessive sweating, or oily skin, may trigger the fungi to multiply uncontrollably and cause an infection.
It may take several weeks for antifungal cream and lotions to completely eliminate the fungus from the body.
Signs and Symptoms
General: Symptoms vary depending on the type and severity of the infection, as well as the parts of the body that are infected. Patients should visit their healthcare professionals if any of these symptoms develop.
Nail beds: Patients who have fungal nail infections (onychomycosis) may develop thick, brittle, or crumbly fingernails or toenails, which may be painful. The nails may become distorted in shape, flat, or dull. The nails may be yellow, green, brown, or black in color, and they may emit a foul odor. In some cases, infected nails may separate from the nail bed, causing a condition called onycholysis.
Scalp: Patients with fungal infections of the scalp (e.g. tinea capitis) typically develop a circle-shaped rash on the skin that is swollen. The skin may be scaly and itchy. There may be small black dots on the scalp. Patients may lose small patches of hair. However, the hair will grow back once treatment is started.
Skin: Symptoms of tinea versicolor, which is the most common type of fungal skin infection, typically include patches of discolored skin that grow slowly and prevent the skin from tanning. As a result, symptoms are usually most apparent after the skin is exposed to the sun. The patches of scaly skin may be various colors, such as white, pink, tan, or dark brown. The affected skin may also be itchy. The back, chest, neck, and upper arms are most likely to be affected. Symptoms may worsen during hot and humid weather.
Mouth: Symptoms of oral thrush may develop suddenly. Oral thrush typically causes creamy white lesions on the tongue, inner cheek, and sometimes, the gums, tonsils, and roof of the mouth. These lesions are often painful in patients with weakened immune systems, and they may bleed slightly when they are rubbed.
Esophagus: Severe cases of oral thrush may spread into the esophagus. This is most likely to occur if oral thrush is left untreated or if the patient is extremely immunocompromised. Common symptoms of esophageal candidiasis include pain or difficulty swallowing and the sensation of food sticking to the throat. The pain may be so severe that it is difficult to eat. A fever may indicate that the infection has spread beyond the esophagus.
Lungs: Symptoms of histoplasmosis typically develop about 17 days after the fungal spores were inhaled. Common symptoms include fever, headache, dry cough, chills, chest pain, weight loss, and sweats.
Vagina: Common symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection) include itching, watery or curd-like vaginal discharge that is white in color, vaginal erythema (reddening of the skin), pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia), painful urination, swollen labia and vulva, and vaginal lesions. Symptoms generally worsen during menstruation because the hormonal changes provide a better environment for fungal growth.
Feet: Fungal infections of the feet, such as athlete's foot, may cause burning or itching anywhere on the feet. Symptoms are usually most noticeable in between the toes. Patients may also develop itchy blisters, cracked or peeling skin, dry skin, or toenails that are thick, crumbly, discolored, or pulling away from the nail bed.
Systemic: When a fungal infection enters the bloodstream and affects multiple body tissues and organs, the condition is often life threatening. Histoplasmosis may spread to virtually any part of the body, including the liver, bone marrow, eyes, skin, adrenal glands, and/or intestinal tract. When this happens, the condition is called disseminated histoplasmosis. Symptoms vary depending on which organs are infected. It may lead to severe and fatal complications, including pneumonia, pericarditis, meningitis, and/or adrenal insufficiency.
If left untreated, a severe candidiasis infection may spread into the bloodstream and affect other organs, including the intestines, kidneys, or heart. This condition is called candidemia. Fever and low blood pressure often occur in patients with candidemia. Additional symptoms depend on which body parts are affected. For instance, if the heart becomes infected, it may cause a heart murmur or enlargement of the spleen.
Most fungal infections are diagnosed after the fungi are identified in the patient's blood or tissue. The healthcare provider will take a small sample of tissue from the affected area. For instance, if the patient's symptoms involve the respiratory tract, a healthcare provider may swab the back of the patient's throat. The sample is then analyzed under a microscope for the presence of fungi. If fungus is present, a positive diagnosis is made.
General: Fungal infections are treated with medications called antifungals. These medications cure the infection by destroying the fungi in the body. Depending on the type, severity, and location of the infection, as well as the patient's overall health, antifungals may be taken by mouth, applied to the skin, or injected into the vein. If a patient is infected with a different type of microorganism, such as a virus or a bacterium, antifungals will not be effective. Antifungals only work against fungi.
Safety: Some antifungal medications that are taken by mouth may cause liver damage. This is because they are strong medications that must be broken down by liver before they can be absorbed into the body. Ketoconazole (Nizoral®) and amphotericin B (Fungizone®, Abelcet®, AmBisome®, or Amphotec®) are the most likely to cause liver damage. Therefore, blood tests should be performed regularly during treatment to monitor liver function. Patients who experience nausea, vomiting, weakness, fatigue, abdominal pain (especially near the liver), dark urine, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) should consult their healthcare providers immediately. These are all signs of liver damage.
According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), two oral antifungals, called itraconazole (Sporanox®) and terbinafine (Lamisil tablets®), have been associated with rare cases of liver failure and death. Itraconazole that is taken by mouth may weaken the heart and should not be prescribed for long-term use if a patient has a history of heart disease or heart failure.
Women who have symptoms of a yeast infection should consult their healthcare providers before taking over-the-counter medications. This ensures that the symptoms are caused by Candida albicans and not other microorganisms that cause sexually transmitted infections, such as gonorrhea or chlamydia.
Patients should tell their healthcare providers if they are taking any other drugs (prescription or over-the-counter), herbs, or supplements because they may interact with treatment. Patients should take medications exactly as prescribed.
Antifungal injections: Antifungal injections are typically used for severe fungal infections that affect multiple parts of the body. For instance, patients with disseminated histoplasmosis typically receive intravenous antifungals. Commonly used antifungal injections include amphotericin B (Amphocin® or Fungizone® Intravenous), flucytosine, voriconazole (Vfend®), and caspofungin (Cancidas®).
Antifungal suppositories: Vaginal yeast infections are treated with antifungal medications that are inserted directly into the vagina as suppositories. Common over-the-counter medications used include butoconazole (Femstat®), miconazole (Monistat 3®), and tioconazole (Vagistat® or Trosyd®).
Oral antifungals: Oral antifungals are used to treat a wide variety of fungal infections. For instance, patients with oral candidiasis (thrush) typically take nystatin suspension (Mycostatin®, Nilstat®, or Nystex®). Other antifungals that may be used to treat oral thrush include amphotericin B (Fungizone®), fluconazole (Diflucan®), and ketoconazole (Nizoral®).
Oral fluconazole (Diflucan®) may also be used to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis or yeast infection as an alternative to using antifungal creams.
Patients with fungal nail infections often take antifungals, such as terbinafine (Lamisil®), fluconazole (Diflucan®), or itraconazole (Sporanox®).
Patients who have athlete's foot that is not responding to over-the-counter medications may benefit from prescription-strength antifungals, such as itraconazole (Sporanox®), Fluconazole (Diflucan®), or terbinafine (Lamisil®).
Histoplasmosis is usually treated with antifungals, such as amphotericin B (Abelcet®) or itraconazole (Sporanox®). Treatment is continued until the fungus is killed. Patients with chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis and HIV patients who have weakened immune systems generally require lifelong treatment in order to prevent the infection from recurring.
Topical antifungals: Topical antifungals are medications that are applied to the skin to treat fungal infections. This includes creams, lotions, gels, powders, and shampoos. For instance, a cream called clotrimazole (Lotrimin®) is used to treat candidiasis infections of the vagina, mouth, and skin.
Patients with athlete's foot may use over-the-counter antifungal powders, creams, gels, or sprays such as terbinafine (Lamisil AT®), clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF®), or miconazole (Micatin®).
Jock itch (tinea cruris) is usually treated with over-the-counter lotions, powders, sprays, or gels such as terbinafine (Lamisil AT®), naftifine (Naftin®), miconazole (Micatin® or Monistat-Derm®), or clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF®). More severe cases that do not respond to treatment may require prescription-strength topical antifungals, such as econazole (Spectazole®) or oxiconazole (Oxistat®).
Shampoo that contains ketoconazole is often used to treat fungal infections of the scalp. Antifungal shampoos generally do not cause side effects.
Integrative Therapies
Good scientific evidence:
Zinc: Zinc formulations have been used since ancient Egyptian times to enhance wound healing. Evidence from human trials suggests that zinc pyrithione shampoo may be an effective treatment for tinea versicolor fungal infections of the scalp. Side effects were not noted. Additional research is needed before a strong recommendation can be made.
Zinc is generally considered safe when taken at the recommended dosages. Avoid zinc chloride since studies have not been done on its safety or effectiveness. While zinc appears safe during pregnancy in amounts lower than the established upper intake level, caution should be used since studies cannot rule out the possibility of harm to the fetus.
Unclear or conflicting scientific evidence:
Bishop's weed: Limited available human study used 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), a photoreactive plant compound from bishopsweed, for the treatment of tinea versicolor. Clinical studies are needed before a conclusion can be made.
Use cautiously in patients with photosensitivity as bishop's weed may be photoreactive, and cause phototoxic skin damage, phototoxic dermatitis, and pigmentary retinopathy. Use cautiously in patients with bleeding disorders or taking anticoagulants, NSAIDs/anti-platelet agents, or herbs or supplements that increase risk of bleeding because bishop's weed may have additive effects and increase the risk of bleeding. Use cautiously in patients taking drugs or herbs or supplements metabolized by cytochrome P450 as bishop's weed may increase the effects of these agents. Use cautiously in patients with eye disorders, as bishop's weed may cause ocular toxicity. Avoid in patients with known allergy/hypersensitivity to bishop's weed, its constituents, or members of the Apiaceae family.
Bitter orange: Limited available human study found promising results using the oil of bitter orange for treatment of fungal infections. However, due to methodological weakness of this research, further evidence is needed to confirm these results.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to bitter orange or any members of the Rutaceae family. Avoid with heart disease, narrow-angel glaucoma, intestinal colic, or long QT interval syndrome. Avoid if taking anti-adrenergic agents, beta-blockers, QT-interval prolonging drugs, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), stimulants, or honey. Use cautiously with headache, hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid), or if fair-skinned. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
Cinnamon: There is currently a lack of available evidence to support the use of cinnamon for AIDS patients with advanced oral candidiasis. More study is needed in this area.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to cinnamon, its constituents, members of the Lauraceae family, or Balsam of Peru. Use cautiously if prone to atopic reactions or if taking cytochrome P450 metabolized agents, anticoagulants (blood thinners), insulin or blood sugar-altering medications, antibiotics, or cardiovascular agents. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
Cranberry: Limited laboratory research has examined the antifungal activity of cranberry. Reliable human studies supporting the use of cranberry for fungal infections are currently lacking. Further research is warranted in this area.
Avoid if allergic to cranberries, blueberries, or other plants of the Vaccinium species. Sweetened cranberry juice may affect blood sugar levels. Use cautiously with a history of kidney stones. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid cranberry in higher amounts than what is typically found in foods.
Garlic: Garlic is used both medicinally and as a food spice. Several studies describe the use of garlic as a topical antifungal to treat fungal infections of the skin, including yeast infections. More research is needed in this area.
Use cautiously as garlic can cause severe burns and rash when applied to the skin of sensitive individuals. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to garlic or other members of the Lilaceae(lily) family (e.g. hyacinth, tulip, onion, leek, or chive). Avoid with a history of bleeding problems, asthma, diabetes, low blood pressure, or thyroid disorders. Stop using supplemental garlic two weeks before and immediately after dental/surgical/diagnostic procedures with bleeding risks. Avoid in supplemental doses if pregnant or breastfeeding.
Pomegranate: In clinical study, an extract of pomegranate was shown to be as effective as a commonly used oral gel when used topically to treat candidiasis associated with denture stomatitis (mouth sores). Additional study is needed to confirm pomegranate's antifungal effects.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to pomegranate. Avoid with diarrhea or high or low blood pressure. Avoid taking pomegranate fruit husk with oil or fats to treat parasites. Pomegranate root/stem bark should only be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. Use cautiously with liver damage or liver disease. Pomegranate supplementation may be unsafe during pregnancy when taken by mouth. The bark, root, and fruit rind may cause menstruation or uterine contractions. Avoid if breastfeeding due to a lack of scientific data.
Probiotics: Early research suggests that cheese containing probiotics may help reduce the risk of a fungal mouth infection, called thrush, in the elderly. More research is needed in this area.
Probiotics are generally considered to be safe and well-tolerated. Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to probiotics. Use cautiously if lactose intolerant. Caution is advised when using probiotics in neonates born prematurely or with immune deficiency.
Propolis: Propolis is a natural resin created by bees to make their hives. Propolis is made from the buds of conifer and poplar trees and combined with beeswax and other bee secretions. In human study, a commercial propolis ethanol extract from Brazil, formulated to ensure physical and chemical stability, was found to inhibit fungal infections of the mouth, such as oral candidiasis. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to propolis, black poplar (Populas nigra), poplar bud, bee stings, bee products, honey, or Balsam of Peru. Severe allergic reactions have been reported. There has been one report of kidney failure with the ingestion of propolis that improved upon discontinuing therapy and deteriorated with re-exposure. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding because of the high alcohol content in some products.
Seaweed, kelp, bladderwrack: Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus) is a brown seaweed found along the northern coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and North and Baltic seas. Another seaweed that grows alongside bladderwrack is Ascophyllum nodosum, andit is often combined with bladderwrack in kelp preparations. Laboratory research suggests that bladderwrack may have antifungal activity. However, reliable human studies to support this use are currently lacking in the available literature.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to Fucus vesiculosus or iodine. Avoid with a history of thyroid disease, bleeding, acne, kidney disease, blood clots, nerve disorders, high blood pressure, stroke, or diabetes. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
Selenium: Selenium is a mineral found in soil, water, and some foods. Commercially available 1% selenium sulfide shampoo has been reported as equivalent to sporicidal therapy in the adjunctive treatment of the yeast infection tinea capitis. However, further high-quality evidence is warranted.
Selenium sulfide shampoo has also been studied as a possible treatment for tinea versicolor. However, research results are inconclusive.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to products containing selenium. Avoid with a history of non-melanoma skin cancer. Selenium is generally regarded as safe for pregnant or breastfeeding women. However, animal research reports that large doses of selenium may lead to birth defects.
Tea tree oil: Although tea tree oil has been found to have activity against several fungus species in laboratory study, there is currently insufficient human evidence to determine if it is an effective topical treatment for onychomycosis, tinea pedis (athlete's foot), or thrush (oral Candida albicans).
Tea tree oil may be toxic when taken by mouth and therefore, should not be swallowed. Avoid if allergic to tea tree oil or plants of the Myrtle (Myrtaceae) family, Balsam of Peru, or benzoin. Use cautiously with a history of eczema. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
Thyme: Thyme has been used medicinally for thousands of years. Beyond its common culinary application, it has been recommended for many indications based on proposed antimicrobial, antitussive, spasmolytic, and antioxidant activity. Thyme essential oil and thymol have been shown to have antifungal effects. Topical thymol has been used traditionally to treat paronychia (skin infection around a finger or toenail) and onycholysis (fungal nail infection). Currently, there is insufficient reliable human evidence to recommend for or against the use of thyme or thymol as a treatment for fungal infections.
Avoid if allergic or hypersensitive to thyme, members of the Lamiaceae (mint) family, any component of thyme, or rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis). Avoid oral ingestion or non-diluted topical application of thyme oil due to potential toxicity. Avoid topical preparations in areas of skin breakdown or injury or in atopic patients due to multiple reports of contact dermatitis. Use cautiously with gastrointestinal irritation or peptic ulcer disease due to anecdotal reports of gastrointestinal irritation. Use cautiously with thyroid disorders due to observed anti-thyrotropic effects in animal research of the related species Thymus serpyllum. Avoid if pregnant or breastfeeding.
Practicing good hygiene and regularly washing the hands with soap and water may help reduce the risk of acquiring infections. This is especially important after exposure to soil (e.g. gardening) because many types of fungi live in the dirt. Good hygiene may also reduce the risk of passing a contagious infection on to others.
Fungi prefer warm, moist environments. Therefore, patients should limit their exposure to such conditions. Individuals should wear shower shoes (e.g. flip flops or sandals) when they are exposed to wet or moist surfaces at a public setting. This includes public showers and swimming pools at gyms and workout clubs. Patients should change their socks if they become sweaty. Individuals, especially those who are obese, should carefully dry themselves after taking a shower.
All produce should be washed thoroughly before eating to prevent exposure to disease-causing organisms, such as Histoplasma capsulatum.This is because produce is grown in the soil, which is a common habitat for fungi.
Author Information
This information has been edited and peer-reviewed by contributors to the Natural Standard Research Collaboration (www.naturalstandard.com).
Natural Standard developed the above evidence-based information based on a thorough systematic review of the available scientific articles. For comprehensive information about alternative and complementary therapies on the professional level, go to www.naturalstandard.com. Selected references are listed below.
Alvarez MS, Silverberg NB.Tinea capitis. Cutis. 2006 Sep;78(3):189-96. View Abstract.
American Dermatological Association. www.amer-derm-assn.org.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). www.cdc.gov.
Krause R, Krejs GJ, Wenisch C, et al. Elevated fecal Candida counts in patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea: role of soluble fecal substances. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Jan;10(1):167-8. View Abstract.
Maslak P, Southern L. Histoplasmosis.Blood. 2007 Apr 1;109(7):2677. View Abstract.
National Institutes of Health (NIH). www.nih.gov.
Natural Standard: The Authority on Integrative Medicine. www.naturalstandard.com.
Seebacher C, Abeck D, Brasch J, et al. Tinea capitis: ringworm of the scalp. Mycoses. 2007 May;50(3):218-26. View Abstract.
Sobel JD. Vulvovaginal candidosis.Lancet. 2007 Jun 9;369(9577):1961-71. View Abstract.
Sobel JD, Faro S, Force RW, et al. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Feb;178(2):203-11. View Abstract.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). www.fda.gov.
Vender RB, Lynde CW, Poulin Y.Prevalence and epidemiology of onychomycosis. J Cutan Med Surg. 2006 Dec;10 Suppl 2:S28-33. View Abstract.
Copyright © 2013 Natural Standard (www.naturalstandard.com)
The information in this monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and is meant to help users better understand health concerns. Information is based on review of scientific research data, historical practice patterns, and clinical experience. This information should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. Users should consult with a qualified healthcare provider for specific questions regarding therapies, diagnosis and/or health conditions, prior to making therapeutic decisions.
March 22, 2017


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Drivers who run over a cat with their car will have to report the incident to police under a new law being proposed in Parliament.
Currently, cats are not covered by regulations which require drivers to report collisions with animals, but campaigners want a change in the law.
Rehman Chishti, MP for Gillingham and Rainham introduced a Private Member's Bill to Parliament after hearing from his local welfare group Animals Lost and Found Kent.
The Cats Bill calls for a change to the Road Traffic Act (1988) making it a legal requirement that any driver involved in an accident resulting in injury or death to a cat must to stop and give information or report the accident to the police.
At the moment, the Act applies to dogs, horses, cattle, pigs, goats, sheep, donkeys and mules but not deer, cats, badgers or foxes.
Life-saving change
The push for a change in the law is being supported by campaign group Cats Matter.
Co-founder Mandy Lowe said: "Our primary goal is to make cat deaths on the road reportable, so the cat gets the opportunity for vet treatment as soon as possible. It would save thousands of lives."
She added that many cats that could have otherwise survived die "slowly and painfully" because no one stopped to help.
The campaigners also want councils to routinely scan animals found at the roadside for microchips so that owners can be notified if their pet is hit by a car.
So far 50 councils across the UK have committed to scanning cats and notifying owners.
230,000 deaths
There are an estimated eight million pet cats in the UK and around 230,000 cats are killed as the result of a road traffic accident every year, according to the most recent statistics available, published by the insurer PetPlan in 2006.

subset: commoncrawl


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The Value of Comfort
For welders who spend their time maneuvering around difficult weld joints with a gas-metal-arc welding (GMAW) gun, flux-cored-arc or fume-extraction welding gun, while facing a hot arc, ergonomics takes on an especially important meaning. A welding gun's handle, neck and power-cable design can significantly impact how long a welder can function without experiencing fatigue or stress. Also, excessive heat from welding, just like musculoskeletal strain, can contribute negatively to the welder's health and efficiency.
In the long run, choosing a welding gun that offers optimum comfort and operates at a relatively low temperature can help increase productivity and, ultimately, the profitability of the welding operation, by allowing for greater arc-on time.
Minimize Fatigue with the Right Handle
Welding-gun manufacturers offer handles in curved and straight designs; choice depends on operator preference. So, metalformers should allow operators to experiment to determine which design best suits him or her.
When possible, a welder may want to consider using a slightly lower-amperage welding gun to gain greater comfort and minimize fatigue and stress on the wrists and hands. Typically, as a welding gun's amperage decreases so too does the size of the gun handle. As handle size decreases, the equipment becomes lighter and easier to maneuver for longer periods of time. It is important, however, when opting to use a smaller and lighter-weight handle that the gun still meets the application's requirements for welding amperage and duty cycle. Duty cycle is defined by the equipment's allowable arc-on time in a 10-min. period when operating at maximum capacity. Some welding guns will offer 100-percent-duty cycle, while others are rated 60 percent or below. In many cases, a welding gun rated at 300 A, for example, may suffice for a 400-A application considering that welders rarely weld continuously enough to exceed the gun's duty cycle.
Welding-gun manufacturers offer handles in curved and straight designs; choice depends on operator preference. So, metalformers should allow operators to experiment to determine which design best suits him or her.
In a shop setting, another option to gain greater comfort and productivity would be to convert to a water-cooled welding gun for GMAW applications. Water-cooled guns typically are smaller, lighter and easier for welding operators to manage for long periods of time.
Keep Cables Short and Small
Smaller, shorter and lighter power cables offer greater flexibility to welders, making it easier to maneuver the equipment without excess stress on the wrists or hands. A good rule of thumb: Select the smallest and shortest power cable that still meets the needs of the application.
Smaller, shorter cables also can minimize clutter in the weld cell, by preventing excessive coiling and minimizing tripping hazards. Less clutter and coiling also reduces the chance of poor wire feeding, which could cause downtime and hinder productivity.
Lastly, when using fume-extraction guns look for a vacuum-hose swivel feature on the rear of the handle. This feature improves flexibility and reduces welder fatigue.
Reduce Strain with the Right Neck
Many GMAW and flux-cored guns come with rotatable and flexible necks in various lengths and angles. These neck types allow the welder to select the one best-suited to access the weld joints required for an application.
For example, rotatable necks find use when welding out of position, even overhead. They do not require the welder to change the welding-gun handle or position, so he can hold the gun in a that is most comfortable while also gaining access to the weld joint.
Similarly, flexible necks can easily be adjusted to fit different welding angles and reach difficult joints that may be restricted or otherwise awkward to reach. This feature also helps minimize straining to reach a particular weld joint, reducing the opportunity for fatigue or injury.
Some welding-gun manufacturers also offer neck couplers. These accessories allow the welder to connect multiple necks together to comfortably reach weld joints that are particularly difficult to access.
Staying Cool and Comfortable
To complement ergonomics efforts and further increase welder productivity, metalformers should also seek s to reduce heat in the work environment, particularly when welding reflective materials such as aluminum or stainless-steel alloys. To minimize the impact of radiant heat from the arc and workpiece reflecting back to the welding-gun handle, welders can select a longer welding-gun neck, which will move the handle further from the arc.
Another option for reducing welder exposure to heat from the arc is to install a neck grip on the welding gun. These high-temperature silicon-rubber grips slide over the neck and offer the added benefit of increased control. They allow welders to rest the neck on their hand or forearm, using it as a pivot point to maneuver the gun more comfortably.In the end, equipping welders with easy-to-maneuver equipment is the first step in achieving good ergonomics, a safe work environment and optimum productivity. More comfortable welders are more content welders, who will reward their employers with greater throughput day in and day out. MF
See also: Bernard Welding
Related Enterprise Zones: Welding


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Making a book cover is a unique, challenging part of the publishing process. Different writers with different publishers have more or less frustrating stories than mine. I know of some writers who designed their own covers with little trouble at all, and others who had the decision taken entirely out of their hands and wound up with covers that misrepresented their stories and torpedoed any hopes of success.
My experience designing covers with Abrams for Mom's Cancer, the hardcover Whatever Happened to the World of Tomorow, and now the paperback WHTTWOT, falls toward the more happy, collaborative end of that spectrum (I blogged about the Mom's Cancer cover in 2006). However, it's a different type of collaboration than any other part of the publishing process. What happens on the inside of the book is a conversation primarily between my editor, Charlie Kochman, and me. In contrast, deciding what happens on the outside of the book involves many, many people, some of whom may not have even read it.
That's because (and what follows is purely my interpretation and opinion, not anything authoritative from Abrams) a cover's primary role is marketing rather than editorial. That's a keen distinction. A book's cover is the lure that teases a potential customer to pick it up. Secondarily, it's a statement about the publisher itself: "We make books that look like this." Corporate identity. Neither of these roles is something an author is necessarily attuned to or skilled at. Which is why, in addition to me and Editor Charlie, cover design involves graphic designers, art directors, marketers, publicists, and a whole committee of decision makers up to Abrams publisher Michael Jacobs.
On paper, I believe my contracts give Abrams the right to cover my books however they want. In practice, Editor Charlie promised that he'd never put a cover on my book I didn't like. He's as good as his word and so far we're three-for-three, although I've sometimes needed persuading. As a graphic novelist, I do have a small bit of leverage: if a cover idea requires any new art, they need me to draw it!
With that, I thought I'd describe some of what went into making the new paperback cover for WHTTWOT for all six of my readers who like peek-behind-the-curtain posts. It was a back-and-forth process over several weeks that involved me, Editor Charlie, Abrams Designer Sara Edward Corbett, and Abrams Art Director Chad Beckerman.
As I composed this post, I decided it wouldn't be fair to include sketches I received from Sara and Chad. Their work was part of a collaborative brainstorming process, some of which was pretty rough, and I don't think it's right to publish it. They should feel free to do their jobs without worrying whether some yahoo writer is going to post it on his blog months later. Rather, I'll just show sketches I did, with the understanding that ideas were flowing both directions and many of the concepts below stemmed directly from Sara's, Chad's and Charlie's contributions.
Idea Zero: make the paperback look just like the hardcover. Of course we couldn't do the die-cut paper "belly band" that wrapped around the hardcover, but Charlie and I were both impressed by how WHTTWOT's German publisher handled the hardcover, adding a glossy varnish over the top "futuristic" half of the image and giving the bottom half a matte finish:
|The German Edition: No die-cut belly band, shiny on the top, dull on the bottom. The title means, "And We Dreamed of the Future," which I liked maybe better than "Whatever Happened to the World of Tomorrow?" Wish I'd thought of it.
So here's my first take, making the front look basically the same and flopping the futuristic tableau, which appeared under the belly band of the original, onto the back:
Even as I did it, I knew this idea was dead on arrival. The honest reason: the hardcover was not a big seller. Oh, I guess it sold all right, it wasn't a humiliating embarrassment, but it really didn't do as well as Abrams and I hoped and thought it might. Consequently, one big goal for the paperback is to attract readers who maybe didn't notice it, or didn't like what they noticed, before. Ergo, new cover.
Now the fun starts.
I argued strongly that whatever else the cover contained, it had to show the characters--either Cap Crater and the Cosmic Kid, or Pop and Buddy. I felt that it was important to emphasize their relationship--to say WHTTWOT is a story about these people as much as the evolving technology of the times. The first several rounds of cover design incorporated that element.
As we worked, Editor Charlie and I shared a concern that the cover not look too juvenile. It's a comic, yes, but not a children's book. That's a narrow tightrope to tread. I think we both felt this direction fell on the wrong side.
At the same time, I was trying to find some inspiration among paperback covers of the 1940s and '50s, examples of which abound online. That line of thinking led to this:
Meanwhile, Sara was offering her own take on retro styling, which led to concepts like these:
|This wouldn't have been a cover by itself, but it influenced many ideas that used its circle "target" motif. I really liked this; in fact, I made myself a little pin-back button using this graphic.
|Sara also came up with the "sunburst" element that we played with a lot.
|Still trying to work in the characters. Also trying to capture the idea that the book dealt with both the comic-book pop-culture World of Tomorrow and the actual World of Tomorrow as realized by the Hubble Space Telescope photo in the background.
|I liked the nested and overlapping circles in this composition. Epicycles.
|We also played with different colors of type (often in the same font as the hardcover to connect the books together) and different blends of art, graphics and photography. We quickly concluded that photos of my spaceship model weren't working.
Pretty far into the process, I decided I was wrong about needing the characters on the cover. We were already trying to convey a lot of information; characters just made the cover look cluttered and, again, juvenile. I think I may have dismayed Editor Charlie after championing the characters so enthusiastically and then changing my mind, but I really came to believe that the simpler and more iconic we made the cover, the better:
I may have been particularly frustrated the day I thought, "Fine, if they want to make sure everybody knows it's a comic book, let's just make it look like a gosh-darned comic book!" (I probably used language stronger than "gosh-darned" inside my head.) Hence:
|Note that the blurb up top from Neil Armstrong, "I cried like a little baby," was a made-up placeholder. Sadly. Because that would be the best blurb ever. I really liked this concept but it didn't get any traction.
Sometime in the middle of this process, my family and I took a vacation to Disneyland, where I saw a t-shirt in Tomorrowland and thought, "Hey, that'd make a great book cover!" The inspiration seemed entirely appropriate to me, since WHTTWOT pegs Walt Disney as one of the influential public figures who not only portrayed the World of Tomorrow but helped shape it. Also because a little piece of Tomorrowland actually makes a secret appearance in the book. I bought the shirt (tax write-off!) and came home to do a couple dozen variations on the theme:
|The t-shirt
|Different colors, graphics, types, etc., pulling together many of the elements we'd developed thus far.
|The idea was to make this cover look artificially old and pulpy, like the comic book pages within. The concern: potential readers glancing at it on the shelf would think it was actually old and pulpy.
I think a minor epiphany occurred when Sara did a sketch in which she wrapped my futuristic graphic cityscape, which appears in the background of the last sample above and comprised the back cover of the hardcover edition, around both front and back covers. I can't speak for anyone else, but for me that seemed to shake everything loose and reassemble it in a way that made perfect sense and looked perfectly right. Combining that with the other components we'd been working with gave us a semi-final cover that looks like this:
What this image doesn't show is that the cover will be printed on silver foil so it'll be shiny, particularly in spots like the spaceship windows and the Trylon and Perisphere. It's going to be very, very nifty.
One insight Charlie and I have discussed many times is that when a cover is finally right, you can't imagine it looking like anything else. It is what it was meant to be. You're all welcome to disagree, but I think Charlie, Chad, Sara, the Cover Committee and I achieved that here. I'm happy with it, proud of it, and can't imagine a better lure to draw in a potential reader.
|Except this. Sadly, they didn't go for it, either.


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I am upper level CS major, and I have no idea how to do debugging. No where in my courses they are teaching/showing debugging, and all my course works goes like this - here is the project, write a program in C that does XYZ, and by the way use GDB debugger.
Currently, I am taking Assembly language course, and instructor requires use of GDB debugger, hell I don't even know how to do debugging in Visual Studio. And all the projects we are going to do very soon, will require us to "hack" executable using GDB.
Any advice on how to get started/learn debugging, would be highly appreciated.


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Elizabeth Picone
Elizabeth "Sis" Picone, 90, of North Liberty, passed away Monday, Sept. 30, 2013, at the Solon Care Center. No services will be held at this time.
In lieu of flowers, memorials may be directed to the Visiting Nurse Association of Iowa City, Solon Care Center or The American Cancer Society.
Sis was born Sept. 23, 1923, in Oakland, Md., to Frank and Jenny Ponnozzi. She was a graduate of Curtis High School in Staten Island, N.Y. On June 6, 1944, Sis married Frank Picone in Staten Island. Sis was a homemaker.
Survivors include her two children, Frank (Debra) Picone of North Liberty and Angela (Debbie) Picone of Los Angeles, Calif.; and one step-granddaughter, Ashley Pettit of North Liberty.
Sis was preceded in death by her parents; husband; sister, Mary Raggi, and two infant brothers.
Online condolences may be sent to the family at www.lensingfuneral.com.


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Fans of Big Time Rush were left baffled after the boyband's gig in Illinois was cancelled and then re-instated following a massive power cut.
The pop group was due to play First Midwest Bank Amphitheatre in Tinley Park, Illinois on Saturday night (04Aug12) when a blackout hit the venue, prompting organisers to call off the show.
Many fans were turned away at the gates, but the power soon came back on and the gig went ahead as planned.
Jason Wright, Live Nation senior vice president for booking, says, "We made a decision to postpone the concert. Within 10 minutes of making that decision, we got our power back."
The pop stars took to Twitter.com to confirm the show was back on and they urged fans to head to the venue, but many didn't get the message and missed out on the performance.
Valerie Skupien from Rockton, Wisconsin made a six-hour journey with her 11-year-old daughter and eight-year-old niece, who were left disappointed. She tells the Chicago Sun-Times newspaper, "I posted on Twitter that four boys from a boy band were the first ones to break my daughter's heart. You go through it, and you're like, 'This really sucks.'"
The family's tickets were exchanged for the band's gig in Moline, Illinois in September (12). Many other fans have received refunds or exchanges on their tickets.


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It's often hard to get excited about folk music, simply because it's existed since time began. So, you can't help but admire the confidence of artists like Justin Hayward Young, strident in their belief that their music is worth something to all and sundry. Let's be honest, it's hard not to think there's not much new that can be said, let alone to be said.
So, instead, Happy Birthday You does what you secretly hoped it would – it conjures up an authentic fireplace romance, full of gestures we all take for granted, but which means so much when you first fall in love. It's easy to let this pass over you, untouched, but Justin's haunting voice pierces the veil of musty, sepia coating. This subtle musical layering – stunning falsetto backing vocals, xylophone, urgently strummed acoustic guitars – worms its way under your defences.
You may be sitting back thinking how tired it sounds, how this could've been made any time in the last century; yet, it'll be a concrete-hearted soul that doesn't react to these songs favourably. Tenderness flows through their duration, stealthily snatching a piece of your imagination. You may even catch yourself getting misty eyed and reminiscent.
This four track EP can too easily be dismissed, and is likely to. Perhaps that's the spoilt little music fanatic in us. We've heard it all before, we've no need for anything that doesn't tickle our synapses, right? Like a coasting relationship, it's time to reassess, appreciate the little things and remember that the shock of the new isn't always what you need.
7Brad Barrett's Score


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Difference between revisions of "Minnowboard:MinnowBoard"
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|Line 18:
* [http://uefidk.intel.com/content/minnowboard-uefi-firmware MinnowBoard UEFI Open Development Community]
* [http://uefidk.intel.com/content/minnowboard-uefi-firmware MinnowBoard UEFI Open Development Community]
* [[Minnowboard:Minnow_Accessories|MinnowBoard Accessory List]]
* [[Minnowboard:Minnow_Accessories|MinnowBoard Accessory List]]
Revision as of 15:21, 14 May 2013
http://www.minnowboard.org is a community dedicated to the support of Open Hardware utilizing Intel® processors. This web site will serve as a starting point for the MinnowBoard community.
The MinnowBoard is an Intel® Atom™ processor based board which introduces Intel® Architecture to the small and low cost embedded market for the developer and maker community. It has exceptional performance, flexibility, openness and standards
Accessory Boards
Accessory boards for the MinnowBoard are called Lure Boards. There are several types and sizes of these boards available. The specifcations and reference board information is available on the Lures Specifications wiki page.


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Gerard elaborated to MTV news on his role in a Peter Farrelly sketch comedy film currently in production. Describing the character as "the most perverse, disturbing, disgusting, foul-mouthed leprechaun you could ever imagine," he went on to explain "I've been kidnapped by Johnny Knoxville and Seann William Scott so they can get their pot of gold. They don't really quite realize what they've bargained for. They land themselves in a bit of trouble." Watch the video below and read more here…
Watch Gerard on The Late Show with David Letterman below:
HEADS UP!!! Grab your coffee!! Gerard appears on Live with Regis and Kelly this morning. Watch backstage video below (Added at 11:50am)!
More upcoming appearances are listed below:
- 03/20/10 – How To Train Your Dragon Fan Site Conference Call
(4:40pm Pacific time)
- 03/21/10 – How To Train Your Dragon Red Carpet Premiere
- 03/23/10 – The Tonight Show with Jay Leno
- 03/24/10 – Jimmy Kimmel Live
- 03/29/10 – The Bounty Hunter German Red Carpet Premiere
Bypass theater ticket lines and support GerardButler.net!! Buy movie tickets in advance at Fandango.com for The Bounty Hunter opening on March 19 in 3000 theaters nationwide in the US and we get a small percentage of the sale to help support our website costs! If you have already seen the film, make sure to rate it on Fandango's website for other movie goers!
New photos from Good Morning America and The Bounty Hunter NYC premiere.
Coriolanus has begun filming in Belgrade. Gerard is expected to start work on the film in "mid-April". Read more…
Gerard graces the cover of the May 2010 issue of Architectural Digest where his Manhattan loft will be showcased. View larger image…
More video from The Bounty Hunter NYC premiere:


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Atkins Crazy
Low-carb diets are all the rage, but are they good for you?
(page 1 of 2)
Ron Hudson, a 56-year-old salesman, looked at me in disbelief. Had he actually just heard those words from my mouth? "You have diabetes," I told him, "and the time has come for you to do something about it." At 396 pounds, Ron knew he needed to get his lifelong weight problem under control. However, every diet plan he tried met with inevitable failure, because his motivation to succeed was not strong enough to overcome his cravings for snacks. His desk drawer at work was filled with unhealthy treats: doughnuts, cakes and king-size candy bars. Ron knew the time had come to make a drastic change. Not only did he sink into depression whenever he thought of buying new clothes, but he had already lost several family members to the complications of diabetes. Finally, last Memorial Day, Hudson committed himself to a diet plan that some may consider extreme: he stopped eating carbohydrates.
To eat or not to eat carbohydrates, that is the question. Once hailed as a necessary part of all meals, the backlash against carbohydrates (sugarlike molecules) has been immense. With the popularization of diet-plan books such as Atkins for Life, Sugar Busters!, The South Beach Diet and The Fat Flush Plan, one is left to wonder if there is anything safe to eat anymore. Surely, with soaring obesity rates and ever-increasing numbers of childhood diabetics, signs point to a dangerous trend in the American lifestyle. But what can be made of all the claims of low-carb diets? How do they compare with the more traditional way of eating, with a mix of all the food groups, that is recommended by the USDA Food Guide Pyramid?
Low-carbohydrate diets didn't just start in the past decade. The Atkins diet has been around for 30 years, and scientists have noted the benefits of reducing certain types of foods in the diet for a century or more. However, never before has such an emphasis been placed on the nutritional value of what people eat, and never has there been such confusing, seemingly contradictory information. Nutrition experts have to go back to the drawing board and reformulate a plan based on current scientific evidence and research trials, challenging the findings of a mere decade ago.


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(CNN) — Canceled. Rescheduled. As Hurricane Arthur gyrates up the East Coast, beachfront Fourth of July celebrations are falling flat — and that could save lives, if it keeps revelers out of the water.
The Atlantic storm graduated early Thursday from a tropical storm to become the first hurricane of the season, the National Weather Service said.
Its maximum sustained wind speeds reached 75 mph as it spun off the coasts of Georgia and South Carolina, heading toward the North Carolina shoreline.
Even if Arthur goes down in weather history as a softie of a cyclone, it could still shake some lethal tricks out of its sleeve: Rip currents.
Death in the surf
The rapid flows of water from the shore back out to the ocean are the biggest danger at the beach, the weather service says. They lurk beneath the waves and are hard for swimmers to spot.
Tropical cyclones killed six people in 2009, the National Weather Service said — and all of them drowned in large waves or rip currents produced by their storm surges.
Anyone in North Carolina should stay out of the ocean, CNN meteorologist Chad Myers warned.
"There's no time for you to react. That's why you can't be there at all," he said.
North Carolina Gov. Pat McCrory agreed. He tells those who plan to hit the beaches: "Don't put your stupid hat on." Stay out of the ocean.
"I don't want you to put at risk not only yourself, but also people who may try to help you, especially our emergency operation workers," he said at a press conference.
The cyclones that spawn the treacherous flows that haul victims away from land can be far out of sight and mind.
In 2008, one storm drowned three people from half an ocean away. Hurricane Bertha was 1,000 miles from the New Jersey shore when it generated fatal rip currents.
At Ocean City, Maryland, the back-flowing water from Bertha triggered 1,500 lifeguard rescues in one week's time.
Lucky survivor
Rip currents are caused by storm surges, which push water up onto the beach.
"That volume of the water that's coming in has to return to the sea somehow," lifeguard Mike Taylor tells CNN affiliate WSAV.
It flows back out with mighty force but is very hard to see.
The weather service publishes a page of the stories people have told after surviving a rip current.
Three summers ago, a surfer named Greg watched his wife, standing on a North Carolina beach, get smaller and smaller as a rip current swept him away.
He fought it.
"I tried to swim with the boogie board at first, but if you've ever tried to do that, you know that won't work," he said.
Luckily, he remembered what to do. He swam parallel to the shoreline until he was out of the current. Then he paddled for the beach. He was so exhausted when he arrived, he collapsed onto the sand.
"I kissed the ground," he said.
Carefree attitude
On a pier at Atlantic Beach, North Carolina, on Wednesday, a sign read: "No lifeguard on duty." Gulls hovered over anglers and beachgoers listened to waves gently crashing, as the sun browned their skins.
Few seemed worried about Arthur.
A shirtless beachcomber in a broad-brimmed straw hat was downright adventurous about its approach.
"I've lived long enough to know that new experiences are always fun, so you've got to live them. And this might really be fun and might be scary, but we're going to find out after a while," he said.
The town of Surf City, right on the Atlantic, is scrapping its Fourth of July show, which was scheduled for Thursday. Arthur's anticipated wind and showers spoiled the party.
But the city's website also said the storm's fury is likely to be short-lived and encouraged visitors to keep their beach vacation plans: "Surf City is very much open for business."
The holiday is an important time for businesses on the coast, one owner in a neighboring state said. The income pads them, helps them survive.
But vacationers should not take the warm welcome as an all-clear. To avoid tragedy, they should stay on land.
Surge and evacuation
Storm surges can also cause flooding, and Arthur is expected to push the water level 2 to 4 feet higher than normal at North Carolina's Outer Banks.
"The surge will be accompanied by large and damaging waves," the weather service said.
Authorities issued a mandatory evacuation order for Hatteras Island and a voluntary evacuation order for Ocracoke Island.
When a storm hits, it's hard to get off the low-lying Outer Banks by car.
And traveling in the driving rain is dangerous, no matter which storm causes it. Forecasters said Arthur will dump 2 to 4 inches on most parts of the coastline and up to 6 inches in isolated spots.
Keeping the Boston Pops dry
Rain will fall on parts of New England on Friday, and the annual Fourth of July Boston Pops concert is being moved up a day to Thursday to dodge it.
If it rains then, the fireworks part of the show can start, but the concert may have to go, to escape the wet, event organizer Rich MacDonald told CNN affiliate WCVB. "It affects the instruments, and these instruments are valuable and old."
In the nation's capital, the weather looks cheerier for the holiday.
The slight chance of rain during the day Friday will vanish by night.
Then the "rockets' red glare" will take to a mostly clear sky, "bursting in air" over Washington's National Mall, where the colorful firework blossoms will shine in the Reflecting Pool for a large crowd of patriots.


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Shooting a documentary in a sewer
The Current's Mary Lucia talks to Twin Cities filmmaker Melody Gilbert about her documentary "Urban Explorers: Into the Darkness."
The film follows a number of urban explorers, people who are drawn to the unseen or off-limits parts of human civilization.
Gilbert spent three years following urban explorers around the globe, from the catacombs in Paris to secret government sites in the United States.
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Hens with Apricot Rice Stuffing
When you want to impress guests, you can't beat these lovely Cornish game hens. Apricots and apricot preserves give the tender meat and moist wild rice stuffing a fruity flavor that everyone in our family loves. —Jodi Grable, Springfield, Missouri
Total TimePrep: 25 min. Bake: 2 hours
Makes4 servings
- 1 cup sliced fresh mushrooms
- 3/4 cup chopped pecans
- 1/2 cup chopped onion
- 6 tablespoons butter, divided
- 1 cup cooked wild rice
- 1/2 cup chopped dried apricots
- 1 tablespoon minced fresh parsley
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon pepper
- 1/8 teaspoon cayenne pepper
- 4 Cornish game hens (20 to 24 ounces each)
- 1/2 cup apricot preserves
- 1 tablespoon white vinegar
- In a large skillet, saute the mushrooms, pecans and onion in 4 tablespoons butter until tender. Stir in the rice, apricots, parsley, salt, pepper and cayenne.
- Spoon about 3/4 cup rice mixture into each hen; tie legs together. Place hens, breast side up, on a rack in a shallow roasting pan. Melt remaining butter; drizzle over hens.
- Bake, uncovered, at 350° for 1-3/4 to 2 hours or until a thermometer reads 180° for hens and 165° for stuffing. In a small saucepan, warm preserves and vinegar; spoon over hens. Bake 15 minutes longer.
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Feb 12, 2014
Delicious!! These were the best Cornish hens that I have ever made or eaten. Only one change was to leave out the mushrooms. I served them with the Bacon Squash Sauté on the same page and crescent rolls.
May 26, 2010
This rice stuffing is one of our all time favorites. We always make it to accompany our roast duck and often have it with whole roasted chicken. The mushrooms, apricots, pecans, onion and seasonings are an awesome combination.


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Jay Vlahon '12
Major: History
Hometown: Springfield, Illinois
Career Plans: Working for the Papers of Abraham Lincoln
Jay Vlahon's passion for history helped him land a graduate assistantship with the Papers of Abraham Lincoln, located as the Lincoln Presidential Library in Springfield. As a graduate student at the University of Illinois Springfield, Vlahon gained valuable experience handling and transcribing documents. Following graduation, he was hired to continue his work. He's now processing documents from the national archive's Robert Todd Lincoln Collection. The documents will be posted online and are accessible worldwide.
Posted on May 2, 2013


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"The car," Maryeve Dufault says, "doesn't know who's behind the wheel."
Maybe the reply is rehearsed; perhaps it's just popped into her head. But Dufault, the lesser known female racer in this weekend's NASCAR Nationwide Series NAPA 200, hits the question out of the park.
"What do you say to those," the 29-year-old native of Sorel has just been asked, "who claim you're where you are in racing because of your looks?"
No doubt, the suggestion also has been made to the other woman racing Nationwide this weekend, American Danica Patrick.
Both have more than paid their dues, their appearance of no consequence when their helmet visors are flipped down. Intelligent racers of multiple cars, business-smart and, yes, photogenic, both are about to turn laps in a race whose four previous editions here included not a single woman.
Dufault isn't shy to tell you it's the money she's earned in front of a camera that has largely helped to foot her substantial racing bills.
Eleven years ago, she won the Miss Hawaiian Tropic International contest and her six-figure prize including a cherished motorcycle and Jet Ski.
In addition to her work as a model, television actress and motion-picture stuntwoman, her resumé also notes that she's a former Barker's Beauty from the game show The Price Is Right and was once a participant on the USO's Operation Starlift goodwill tour to Kosovo, Bosnia and Macedonia.
Now let's talk about the fact that she had both arms broken racing motorcycles – before her ninth birthday. Or about her racing motorbikes on dirt tracks, her love of fast go-karts and any car with closed or open wheels.
Dufault will make history in Montreal as the first Canadian woman to race in the Nationwide Series when she steers a Quebec Dodge Dealers-supported Challenger for the team of Randy MacDonald, a native of Oshawa, Ont.
MacDonald will have two cars here: Nationwide rookie-of-the-year candidate Blake Koch also entered.
Dufault has graduated to this high-profile stage for one race – and, she hopes, many more – while she continues to cut her stock-car teeth for Tony Marks Racing in this season's ARCA Series, one step below Nationwide, as a member of the Dodge Motorsports driver-development program.
Butterflies? She might have a few.
"I have them every time I go out for a race, even for a practice," Dufault said. "There are going to be even more in Montreal because I'll be in front of my family and friends in my hometown race, my first time in a Nationwide car."
And by that, she means her first time. Dufault won't have the benefit of a test shakedown, running for a team that can't afford the pre-race track time of, say, a Roush Fenway or a Penske or a Gibbs.
Her first laps in her No. 82 Dodge will come Friday morning on Circuit Gilles Villeneuve during two 90-minute practice sessions that precede late-afternoon qualifying.
"It should be a great weekend," Dufault said. "It will be a little bit challenging in the first practice, getting used to the car, setting it up. But I love the track."
Indeed, she isn't a complete stranger to the tricky island layout, having run a NASCAR Canadian Tire Series car here last summer in a support race to the NAPA 200.
But now she's in the main event, tapped for this opportunity by Dodge brass, who scouted her in Montreal last August, and by MacDonald, who's proud to have in the cockpit a fellow Canadian with a strong desire to win and a superb 10th-place run at Chicagoland in just her sixth career ARCA race.
Dufault was raised in a racing environment, a fan of the motorcycles run by her father, Raymond, and her brother, Éric. She was a sharp, mechanically adept kid, as a preschooler finding a screwdriver with which she removed the training wheels from her bike.
As she grew, her life mostly about speed in or on any vehicle, friends took notice of what Dufault surely saw in the mirror when she slowed down long enough to look.
"They were telling me: 'Why don't you do photoshoots? You could make a living as a model,' " she said. "To be honest, it wasn't something that interested me. I'm an active person. Just standing in front of a camera wasn't appealing.
"But this work could help me fund what I really wanted to do, and that was race. I'm competitive, and I got involved in a few (modelling) contests that paid me prize money that enabled me to pursue my racing."
For that, Dufault makes no apologies. Racing is an expensive business. As the old gag goes, the quickest way to make a small fortune in the sport is to start with a large one.
"I'd tell people: 'How in the world am I going to race if I don't have money? It won't be from the wealth of my family. It won't be from working at McDonald's,' " she said, having had barely enough cash in her early racing days to afford used tires and outdated chassis.
She parlayed her appearance into savings that helped bankroll her go-karting, which could cost her $1,000 per race, and racing schools, which could run $5,000 for a weekend.
That led to championships in karting and testing and racing open-wheel cars as far afield as England and China, every lap deepening her database and stirring the interest of those who dole out the precious rides.
Dufault is only too aware that marketing one's self encourages sponsors to take notice. She admits she was bothered, for a long time, that many critics sniffed she'd be nowhere in the sport without makeup.
"These people didn't even know what was happening on the track," Dufault said.
"It didn't matter if I had a mechanical issue, it was 'Oh, a pretty girl in racing…'
"I went through a phase when it was difficult, but I got pretty thick skin. At the end of the day, I am who I am. If that was the way people thought, it was their problem, not mine. If being who I am helps my racing career, well, good."
Two Canadian Tire Series races last August, mentoring by Quebec race star Alex Tagliani, and the support of Dodge and Tony Marks Racing brought her this season to the ARCA Series, in which she pilots a 3,400-pound stock car that's not far removed from what's driven in NASCAR's top two tiers.
Dufault will run the Villeneuve track this weekend with Tagliani, who's in a Penske machine, as well as Quebec natives Jacques Villeneuve, Patrick Carpentier and Andrew Ranger – and almost 40 more hungry, talented Nationwide racers.
Anyone who thinks she will be nothing but awestruck, deer-in-the-headlights traffic will be sorely mistaken.
"I'm going to race, not just hang out. I want to finish the race, keep my fenders clean and make a Top 15 in my first Nationwide event," said Dufault, who in an ARCA race this month impatiently bullied another competitor out of the way when he didn't yield on a restart.
"I'd had enough of dealing with egos so I just pushed him," she said, battling back from 31st in Pocono with a dead battery to finish a hard-charging 13th.
"You have to be tough in this world. I hope I won't be in that situation in Montreal, but I'm not going to take it."
She guaranteed that any aggressive fender jammed into her bumper or quarter-panel will be fully repaid.
Dufault soon will pack her bags. She's moving from Los Angeles, her base for nearly a decade ago to be near modelling and acting gigs, to Mooresville, N.C., where the heart of NASCAR beats loudly.
"I'm from a small town, and there will be a lot of people in Mooresville who I can relate to," she said brightly.
"You go into a restaurant and the wallpaper is NASCAR. I'm going to feel great in that town. It's all about racing."
Which is Maryeve Dufault's whole life now. Immediately after Saturday's Nationwide race, she's off to Sunday's ARCA event at the Illinois State Fairgrounds – 100 laps on a mile-long dirt track that may be many things, but glamorous not among them.
On the Web: maryeveracing.com


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The tale of Vitez, in Central Bosnia, is really a tale of two towns: one, of a now-collapsed socialist centre of arms production; the other, of a bustling trade centre with a new, rapidly expanding commercial development zone..
Vitez municipality was the site of bitter fighting in the war. The Ahmici massacre was planned here, at the old "Hotel Vitez". Today, however, inter-ethnic co-operation and astute development planning are the key to the municipality's economic success.
In the late 1940's Marshal Josip Broz Tito chose mountainous and densely wooded Central Bosnia as the centre of Yugoslavia's new military industry. The area had all the qualities of a natural fortress.
Arms factories were established to produce weapons for the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) in a zone running from Bugojno to Novi Travnik and to Vitez. The establishment of modern Vitez coincided with the construction of the Slobodan Princip Seljo explosives factory, later also known as "Vitezit", in 1950.
"Vitezit" at its peak in the 1980's
The complex of the old combine covers 240 hectares. Its internal road network is 25 kilometres long. A visitor entering the huge industrial complex will be surprised to see that it is full of deer, rabbits, and badgers, more like a national park than an industrial zone. The reason is that the backbone of Vitez's pre-war economy has collapsed – and there is hardly any production.
988 people – including 550 Bosniaks, 435 Croats, 6 Serbs and 7 others – were killed or went missing in Vitez during the war in Central Bosnia. Bosniak citizens were driven out of most neighbourhoods after the town came under the control of the Croatian HVO. The only exception was "Stari Vitez" (old Vitez), a Bosniak enclave, where some 1,300 people endured 317 days of siege during 1993-1994. The frontline ran right through the town. Its bitter legacy has been difficult to overcome.
Dario Kordic
Dario Kordic, the political leader of the Croats in Central Bosnia, did everything he could to divide the Bosnian Croats and Muslims. A senior member of the HDZ party and military commander of the HVO, Kordic – now serving a 25 year sentence for war crimes in an Austrian jail – was memorably described by Laura Silber and Alan Little in their book, the Death of Yugoslavia.
"A cocksure young journalist-turned-warrior with an unshakeable conviction that Bosnia belonged properly to Croatia … The central Bosnian towns … were all, he said, part of Herceg Bosna."
(Laura Silber and Alan Little, The Death of Yugoslavia, 1996, p. 327)
Following the war Vitez's surprising development was to completely undermine Kordic's vision. The local Croat business community has been at the heart of the town's transformation. The trade and shopping centre built in the "PC 96" commercial development zone on the town's outskirts – a perfect contrast to the decay of Vitez's old industries – epitomises the recent change.
The whole complex now employs over 2,500 people. It consists of big supermarkets and department stores, warehouses and parking spaces, which line the main road linking the Sarajevo-Zenica highway to Travnik. The road provides access to the whole of western Bosnia and Dalmatia.
The PC 92 shopping complex from the air
Located in the geographic centre of Bosnia, Vitez became one of the most vibrant shopping centres in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Vitez is part of a new economic phenomenon in the Federation – the rapid development of the trade and retail sector.
Franjo Rajkovic - "Economic"
The idea of a building a commercial zone on municipal land outside the town centre was born in 1996, immediately after the war, during the mayoralty of Franjo Rajković, a leading Croat businessman and boss of the "Economic" company.
The current mayor of Vitez, Vlado Alilovic, is part of the new generation of HDZ leaders, full of ideas on how to expand Vitez's new business zone to make the town ever more accessible to its new customer base.
Vitez Mayor Vlado Alilovic – Pero Gudelj
The career of Pero Gudelj, the owner of FIS, one of Vitez' most successful companies, is an example of the dramatic changes that Vitez has undergone since the war. As a young man, Gudelj worked at the Vitizit enterprise for nine years. Before the war, he played accordion at weddings and opened his own café in downtown Vitez. Later on, he began running a small video store and founded his own TV station. When the war ended, he opened a shop, naming it – like his café – "FIS" (F sharp). FIS quickly expanded.
A Croat, Pero Gudelj was one of the first to break with the past:
"It was not easy at the beginning. There was a lot happening, threats, murders," he remembers, and adds:
"Immediately two years after the war we drew a line [with the past], so that persons of all nations could work here. About 35% to 40% of the employees are members of other nationalities."
FIS store in Vitez
FIS has since expanded rapidly and opened branches all over Bosnia, including in Republika Srpska, and abroad. Today, FIS employs over 2,000 people throughout Bosnia. Its existing centre in Vitez covers 75,000 square metres of shopping space, as well as garment and furniture production centres. Pero Gudelj is now planning another 75,000 sq. m. production complex in PC96, where he hopes to employ 1,500 new workers.
The dynamic changes in Vitez's fortunes stem from the long-term planning set in motion by local business leaders and the Croat majority municipality in this Bosniak majority region.
June 2008


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Saturday, July 4, 2009
Paul the Bar Tender
My friend Judith and I discovered Paul just before the Cosmopolitan Club Bar on Deck 14 closed on the second night of our much anticipated cruise. We were sailing off the coast of Mallorca, and feeling really depressed about Michael Jackson's death. There was no getting away from MJ. His images were on every channel as tributes poured in from across the globe. We ordered a glass each of Pinot and cried into it . Paul who had been watching us with some amusement ( was our mascara running??) asked chattily what the matter was. Judith said, " We are feeling really, really sad that Michael Jackson is dead." Paul continued to polish a Cognac snifter as he replied philosophically, " Oh.... but he died a long, long time ago. A man who does not know who he is.... is dead already." We were stunned by his reaction and gulped down the vino very quickly. It was such an astute observation. Impressed by Paul's sagacity, we felt encouraged enough to discuss more personal matters. We both had young daughters giving us a hard time ( boy friend issues). After listening to us patiently, Paul asked, " Do you have a dog?" I joked, " I have something better - a gun." Paul shook his head, " That's no good, ma'am. A gun sleeps when you sleep. But a dog continues to work." By this time Judith and I had become Paul's bhakts - loyal devotees. "Oh Master.... tell us more," we begged. Paul strategised like a true professional. How the hell did this man know so much about life?? He smiled, "My mother gave birth to eleven kids I grew up in a tough and poor neighbourhood. I've seen it all... drugs, murders, robbing, drunks..."
We were his slaves by then. But the bar had to close. And we had to get back to those naughty daughters. They were sleeping like angels when we lurched into the cabin. One of them had the nerve to open an eye and demand cheekily, " Oooh.... seen the time?? So where were you ladies? Painting the town red?" I had neither the gun nor the dog to defend me. I sheepishly went to bed. Paul's laughter echoed in my ears. I want to start a fan club for him. Or at least name a cocktail in his honour. Jamaican rum with nariel paani. It's my way of saying, 'Thank you,' to an absolute gentleman who didn't move a muscle as two , slightly tipsy women poured out their silly little tales of teenage horror stories to him.Bless you, Paul!
20 comments:
- Zlaek said...
The most profound men and women are doing usually doing simple things around us.
It's a really good thing that you share this with us.
- July 4, 2009 at 7:34 PM
- The Unsure Ascetic said...
Hello mam,
Why didn't you ask him to write a blog?
- July 4, 2009 at 8:16 PM
- Roshni said...
You are amazing with words ......I just love your style of writing.....carefully chosen thoughts .....wonderful observation skills ....I can go on.....I fully agree with you ...this bar tender seems a wise man
- July 4, 2009 at 10:20 PM
- ZB said...
yes paul is such an interesting character.Thanks for sharing this. We are all your bhakts.:))
- July 4, 2009 at 10:36 PM
- ekta khetan said...
They are burying mikael jackson on 7th july...death ko bhi commercialize kar diya... Ppl make money out of anything...anything like death as well...
Identity crisis or support crisis...who knows what...
Good job with paul!!!
- July 4, 2009 at 11:01 PM
- चंद्रमौलेश्वर प्रसाद said...
"A man who does not know who he is.... is dead already." Yes, t's like that picture's saying-KUTTA BHATAK RAHA THA DUM KI TALASH MEIN:)
- July 4, 2009 at 11:11 PM
- curtainz_fire said...
u got a sharp eye to observe such things and kinda idiosyncrasy makes u an outta box writer. i salute u for the rhythm with which you go on writing and this words ooze out before my eyes compiling in a live picture.
- July 4, 2009 at 11:40 PM
- Rohaan said...
Hey You have a way with words. I m sorry I know you have heard this over and over again but couldn't help telling you again. I couldn't fix myself to the content was more glued to ur writing style. Hope you keep writing n I keep reading!!
- July 4, 2009 at 11:47 PM
- Jogeshwar said...
'A gun sleeps when you sleep. But a dog continues to work.' I like this it's an amusing and a witty reply, I wonder where did this come from?
- July 5, 2009 at 12:12 AM
- AaaDee said...
cool Paul..even m impressed :)
- July 5, 2009 at 12:43 AM
- Unknown said...
Paul is an intellectual masquerading as a common man. He seems to be wordly wise. Gun sleeps. Beautiful and thought provoking. Thomas Hardy must be chuckling now, cynically.
- July 5, 2009 at 8:17 AM
- The Panorama said...
Love this post...and Paul the Bar tender. They are the real gurus people should listen to:)
- July 5, 2009 at 3:11 PM
- Readers Dais said...
Hats off to Paul & you for sharing it with us.
- July 5, 2009 at 6:38 PM
- Gajendra said...
He should write for a magazine probably... :)
- July 6, 2009 at 11:01 AM
- Unknown said...
He had little choice, didn't he? Since he had no place to run or hide, he might as well listen and add his two cents worth of wisdom.
- July 6, 2009 at 3:43 PM
- anamika said...
Wow!! Paul and his life analysis really can make any one contemplate..
Also your teenage daughter:D
- July 6, 2009 at 6:35 PM
- krish said...
highly impressed.........profound...........dig in sum more and pzpzpz impart more abt Sir Paul.....cheers to him.....luv the rum and naryal pani combo.....cheers....
- July 6, 2009 at 7:37 PM
- Nandinikakoti said...
Paul should impart his acumen as the world is in need of sensibilities.
Admire your style
- July 9, 2009 at 11:27 AM
- Abhijit Dharmadhikari said...
शब्दब्रह्मानंदी टाळी लागते तुमचं लेखन वाचून! :-)
- July 18, 2009 at 11:30 AM
- Unknown said...
A truly motivational and life changing book
This book is really a good book which shows us right path. but i read
one more book named "ONE BOOK FOR LIFE SUCCESS" which is truly
motivational and life changing . .The writer has described in Plain English with lot of examples which is easy to understand...For More
Please watch the videohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=biORjS8ngv0
- July 4, 2014 at 10:25 AM


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With the Broadcast List feature, you can send a message to several of your contacts at once.
Broadcast Lists are saved lists of message recipients that you can repeatedly send broadcast messages to, without having to select them each time.
To create a Broadcast List:
This will create a new list of broadcast recipients. When you send a message to the Broadcast List, it will send to all recipients in the list. The recipients will receive the message as a normal message. When they reply, it will appear as a normal message in your Chats screen; their reply will not be sent to other recipients in the Broadcast List.
Note: Only contacts who have added you to their phone's address book will receive your broadcast message. If your contact is not getting your broadcast messages, check to make sure they have added you to their address book. Broadcast Lists are a one-to-many communication. If you want your recipients to participate in a group conversation, you should create a Group Chat instead.
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