text:
Atomic Energy Act of 1954, secs. 53, 57, 62, 63, 65, 69, 81, 161, 181, 182, 183, 223, 234 (42 U.S.C. 2073, 2077, 2092, 2093, 2095, 2099, 2111, 2112, 2201, 2232, 2233, 2273, 2282); Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, secs. 201, 206 (42 U.S.C. 5841, 5846); 44 U.S.C. 3504 note.
(a) This part prescribes requirements for the issuance of a license authorizing the use of licensed materials including sealed sources, radioactive tracers, radioactive markers, and uranium sinker bars in well logging in a single well. This part also prescribes radiation safety requirements for persons using licensed materials in these operations. The provisions and requirements of this part are in addition to, and not in substitution for, other requirements of this chapter. In particular, the provisions of parts 19, 20, 21, 30, 37, 40, 70, 71, and 150 of this chapter apply to applicants and licensees subject to this part.
(b) The requirements set out in this part do not apply to the issuance of a license authorizing the use of licensed material in tracer studies involving multiple wells, such as field flooding studies, or to the use of sealed sources auxiliary to well logging but not lowered into wells.
Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in this part by any officer or employee of the Commission, other than a written interpretation by the General Counsel, will be recognized to be binding upon the Commission.
(a) The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has submitted the information collection requirements contained in this part to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for approval as required by the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S. 3501
(b) The approved information collection requirements contained in this part appear in §§ 39.11, 39.13, 39.15, 39.17, 39.31, 39.33, 39.35, 39.37, 39.39, 39.43, 39.51, 39.61, 39.63, 39.65, 39.67, 39.73, 39.75, 39.77, and 39.91.
(c) This part contains information collection requirements in addition to those approved under the control number specified in paragraph (a) of this section. These information collection requirements and the control numbers under which they are approved are as follows:
(1) In § 39.11, NRC Form 313 is approved under control 3150-0120.
(2) [Reserved]
A person, as defined in § 30.4 of this chapter, shall file an application for a specific license authorizing the use of licensed material in well logging on Form NRC 313, "Application for Material License." Each application for a license, other than a license exempted from part 170 of this chapter, must be accompanied by the fee prescribed in § 170.31 of this chapter. The application must be sent to the appropriate NRC Regional Office listed in appendix D of part 20 of this chapter.
The Commission will approve an application for a specific license for the use of licensed material in well logging if the applicant meets the following requirements:
(a) The applicant shall satisfy the general requirements specified in § 30.33 of this chapter for byproduct material, in § 40.32 of this chapter for source material, and in § 70.23 of this chapter for special nuclear material, as appropriate, and any special requirements contained in this part.
(b) The applicant shall develop a program for training logging supervisors and logging assistants and submit to the Commission a description of this program which specifies the—
(1) Initial training;
(2) On-the-job training;
(3) Annual safety reviews provided by the licensee;
(4) Means the applicant will use to demonstrate the logging supervisor's knowledge and understanding of and ability to comply with the Commission's regulations and licensing requirements and the applicant's operating and emergency procedures; and
(5) Means the applicant will use to demonstrate the logging assistant's knowledge and understanding of and ability to comply with the applicant's operating and emergency procedures.
(c) The applicant shall submit to the Commission written operating and emergency procedures as described in § 39.63 or an outline or summary of the procedures that includes the important radiation safety aspects of the procedures.
(d) The applicant shall establish and submit to the Commission its program for annual inspections of the job performance of each logging supervisor to ensure that the Commission's regulations, license requirements, and the applicant's operating and emergency procedures are followed. Inspection records must be retained for 3 years after each annual internal inspection.
(e) The applicant shall submit a description of its overall organizational structure as it applies to the radiation safety responsibilities in well logging, including specified delegations of authority and responsibility.
(f) If an applicant wants to perform leak testing of sealed sources, the applicant shall identify the manufacturers and the model numbers of the leak test kits to be used. If the applicant wants to analyze its own wipe samples, the applicant shall establish procedures to be followed and submit a description of these procedures to the Commission. The description must include the—
(1) Instruments to be used;
(2) Methods of performing the analysis; and
(3) Pertinent experience of the person who will analyze the wipe samples.
(a) A licensee may perform well logging with a sealed source only after the licensee has a written agreement with the employing well owner or operator. This written agreement must identify who will meet the following requirements:
(1) If a sealed source becomes lodged in the well, a reasonable effort will be made to recover it.
(2) A person may not attempt to recover a sealed source in a manner which, in the licensee's opinion, could result in its rupture.
(3) The radiation monitoring required in § 39.69(a) will be performed.
(4) If the environment, any equipment, or personnel are contaminated with licensed material, they must be decontaminated before release from the site or release for unrestricted use; and
(5) If the sealed source is classified as irretrievable after reasonable efforts at recovery have been expended, the following requirements must be implemented within 30 days:
(i) Each irretrievable well logging source must be immobilized and sealed in place with a cement plug.
(ii) A means to prevent inadvertent intrusion on the source, unless the source is not accessible to any subsequent drilling operations; and
(iii) A permanent identification plaque, constructed of long lasting material such as stainless steel, brass, bronze, or monel, must be mounted at
(A) The word "CAUTION";
(B) The radiation symbol (the color requirement in § 20.1901(a) need not be met);
(C) The date the source was abandoned;
(D) The name of the well owner or well operator, as appropriate;
(E) The well name and well identification number(s) or other designation;
(F) An identification of the sealed source(s) by radionuclide and quantity;
(G) The depth of the source and depth to the top of the plug; and
(H) An appropriate warning, such as, "DO NOT RE-ENTER THIS WELL."
(b) The licensee shall retain a copy of the written agreement for 3 years after the completion of the well logging operation.
(c) A licensee may apply, pursuant to § 39.91, for Commission approval, on a case-by-case basis, of proposed procedures to abandon an irretrievable well logging source in a manner not otherwise authorized in paragraph (a)(5) of this section.
(d) A written agreement between the licensee and the well owner or operator is not required if the licensee and the well owner or operator are part of the same corporate structure or otherwise similarly affiliated. However, the licensee shall still otherwise meet the requirements in paragraphs (a)(1) through (a)(5).
Each license is issued with the condition that the licensee will, at any time before expiration of the license, upon the Commission's request, submit written statements, signed under oath or affirmation, to enable the Commission to determine whether or not the license should be modified, suspended, or revoked.
(2) The licensee may not use a container to store licensed material unless the container has securely attached to it a durable, legible, and clearly visible label. The label must contain the radiation symbol specified in § 20.1901(a) of this chapter and the wording "CAUTION (or DANGER), RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL, NOTIFY CIVIL AUTHORITIES (or NAME OF COMPANY)."
(3) The licensee may not transport licensed material unless the material is packaged, labeled, marked, and accompanied with appropriate shipping papers in accordance with regulations set out in 10 CFR part 71.
(2) The licensee shall lock and physically secure the transport package containing licensed material in the transporting vehicle to prevent accidental loss, tampering, or unauthorized removal of the licensed material from the vehicle.
(a) The licensee shall keep a calibrated and operable radiation survey instrument capable of detecting beta and gamma radiation at each field station and temporary jobsite to make the radiation surveys required by this part and by part 20 of this chapter. To satisfy this requirement, the radiation survey instrument must be capable of measuring 0.001 mSv (0.1 mrem) per hour through at least 0.5 mSv (50 mrem) per hour.
(b) The licensee shall have available additional calibrated and operable radiation detection instruments sensitive enough to detect the low radiation and contamination levels that could be encountered if a sealed source ruptured. The licensee may own the instruments or may have a procedure to obtain them quickly from a second party.
(c) The licensee shall have each radiation survey instrument required under paragraph (a) of this section calibrated—
(1) At intervals not to exceed 6 months and after instrument servicing;
(2) For linear scale instruments, at two points located approximately
(3) So that an accuracy within plus or minus 20 percent of the calibration standard can be demonstrated on each scale.
(d) The licensee shall retain calibration records for a period of 3 years after the date of calibration for inspection by the Commission.
(2) Each ECS that is not exempt from testing in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section must be tested at intervals not to exceed 3 years. In the absence of a certificate from a transferor that a test has been made within the 3 years before the transfer, the ECS may not be used until tested.
(2) The licensee shall submit a report to the appropriate NRC Regional Office listed in appendix D of part 20 of this chapter, within 5 days of receiving the test results. The report must describe the equipment involved in the leak, the test results, any contamination which resulted from the leaking source, and
(1) Hydrogen-3 (tritium) sources;
(2) Sources containing licensed material with a half-life of 30 days or less;
(3) Sealed sources containing licensed material in gaseous form;
(4) Sources of beta- or gamma-emitting radioactive material with an activity of 3.7 MBq [100 microcuries] or less; and
(5) Sources of alpha- or neutron-emitting radioactive material with an activity of 0.37 MBq [10 microcuries] or less.
Each licensee shall conduct a semi-annual physical inventory to account for all licensed material received and possessed under the license. The licensee shall retain records of the inventory for 3 years from the date of the inventory for inspection by the Commission. The inventory must indicate the quantity and kind of licensed material, the location of the licensed material, the date of the inventory, and the name of the individual conducting the inventory. Physical inventory records may be combined with leak test records.
(a) Each licensee shall maintain records for each use of licensed material showing—
(1) The make, model number, and a serial number or a description of each sealed source used;
(2) In the case of unsealed licensed material used for subsurface tracer studies, the radionuclide and quantity of activity used in a particular well and the disposition of any unused tracer materials;
(3) The identity of the logging supervisor who is responsible for the licensed material and the identity of logging assistants present; and
(4) The location and date of use of the licensed material.
(b) The licensee shall make the records required by paragraph (a) of this section available for inspection by the Commission. The licensee shall retain the records for 3 years from the date of the recorded event.
(a) A licensee may use a sealed source for use in well logging applications if—
(1) The sealed source is doubly encapsulated;
(2) The sealed source contains licensed material whose chemical and physical forms are as insoluble and nondispersible as practical; and
(3) Meets the requirements of paragraph (b), (c), or (d) of this section.
(b) For a sealed source manufactured on or before July 14, 1989, a licensee may use the sealed source, for use in well logging applications if it meets the requirements of USASI N5.10-1968, "Classification of Sealed Radioactive Sources," or the requirements in paragraph (c) or (d) of this section.
(c) For a sealed source manufactured after July 14, 1989, a licensee may use the sealed source, for use in well logging applications if it meets the oil-well logging requirements of ANSI/HPS N43.6-1997, "Sealed Radioactive Sources—Classification."
(d) For a sealed source manufactured after July 14, 1989, a licensee may use the sealed source, for use in well logging applications, if—
(1) The sealed source's prototype has been tested and found to maintain its integrity after each of the following tests:
(e) The requirements in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section do not apply to sealed sources that contain licensed material in gaseous form.
(f) The requirements in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d) of this section do not apply to energy compensation sources (ECS). ECSs must be registered with the Commission under § 32.210 of this chapter or with an Agreement State.
(a) Each licensee shall visually check source holders, logging tools, and source handling tools, for defects before each use to ensure that the equipment is in good working condition and that required labeling is present. If defects are found, the equipment must be removed from service until repaired, and a record must be made listing: the date of check, name of inspector, equipment involved, defects found, and repairs made. These records must be retained for 3 years after the defect is found.
(b) Each licensee shall have a program for semiannual visual inspection and routine maintenance of source holders, logging tools, injection tools, source handling tools, storage containers, transport containers, and uranium sinker bars to ensure that the required labeling is legible and that no physical damage is visible. If defects are found, the equipment must be removed from service until repaired, and a record must be made listing: date, equipment involved, inspection and maintenance operations performed, any defects found, and any actions taken to correct the defects. These records must be retained for 3 years after the defect is found.
(c) Removal of a sealed source from a source holder or logging tool, and maintenance on sealed sources or holders in which sealed sources are contained may not be performed by the licensee unless a written procedure developed pursuant to § 39.63 has been approved either by the Commission pursuant to § 39.13(c) or by an Agreement State.
(d) If a sealed source is stuck in the source holder, the licensee may not perform any operation, such as drilling, cutting, or chiseling, on the source holder unless the licensee is specifically approved by the Commission or an Agreement State to perform this operation.
(e) The opening, repair, or modification of any sealed source must be performed by persons specifically approved to do so by the Commission or an Agreement State.
(a) The licensee shall require all personnel handling radioactive tracer material to use protective gloves and, if required by the license, other protective clothing and equipment. The licensee shall take precautions to avoid ingestion or inhalation of radioactive tracer material and to avoid contamination of field stations and temporary jobsites.
(b) A licensee may not knowingly inject licensed material into fresh water aquifers unless specifically authorized to do so by the Commission.
The licensee may use radioactive markers in wells only if the individual markers contain quantities of licensed material not exceeding the quantities specified in § 30.71 of this chapter. The use of markers is subject only to the requirements of § 39.37.
The licensee may use a uranium sinker bar in well logging applications only if it is legibly impressed with the words "CAUTION—RADIOACTIVE-DEPLETED URANIUM" and "NOTIFY CIVIL AUTHORITIES (or COMPANY NAME) IF FOUND."
The licensee may use a sealed source in a well without a surface casing for
The licensee may use an energy compensation source (ECS) which is contained within a logging tool, or other tool components, only if the ECS contains quantities of licensed material not exceeding 3.7 MBq [100 microcuries].
(a) For well logging applications with a surface casing for protecting fresh water aquifers, use of the ECS is only subject to the requirements of §§ 39.35, 39.37 and 39.39.
(b) For well logging applications without a surface casing for protecting fresh water aquifers, use of the ECS is only subject to the requirements of §§ 39.15, 39.35, 39.37, 39.39, 39.51, and 39.77.
(a) Use of a tritium neutron generator target source, containing quantities not exceeding 1,110 GBg [30 curies] and in a well with a surface casing to protect fresh water aquifers, is subject to the requirements of this part except §§ 39.15, 39.41, and 39.77.
(b) Use of a tritium neutron generator target source, containing quantities exceeding 1,110 GBg [30 curies] or in a well without a surface casing to protect fresh water aquifers, is subject to the requirements of this part except § 39.41.
(a) The licensee may not permit an individual to act as a logging supervisor until that person—
(1) Has completed training in the subjects outlined in paragraph (e) of this section;
(2) Has received copies of, and instruction in—
(i) The NRC regulations contained in the applicable sections of parts 19, 20, and 39 of this chapter;
(ii) The NRC license under which the logging supervisor will perform well logging; and
(iii) The licensee's operating and emergency procedures required by § 39.63;
(3) Has completed on-the-job training and demonstrated competence in the use of licensed materials, remote handling tools, and radiation survey instruments by a field evaluation; and
(4) Has demonstrated understanding of the requirements in paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) of this section by successfully completing a written test.
(b) The licensee may not permit an individual to act as a logging assistant until that person—
(1) Has received instruction in applicable sections of parts 19 and 20 of this chapter;
(2) Has received copies of, and instruction in, the licensee's operating and emergency procedures required by § 39.63;
(3) Has demonstrated understanding of the materials listed in paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of this section by successfully completing a written or oral test; and
(4) Has received instruction in the use of licensed materials, remote handling tools, and radiation survey instruments, as appropriate for the logging assistant's intended job responsibilities.
(c) The licensee shall provide safety reviews for logging supervisors and logging assistants at least once during each calendar year.
(d) The licensee shall maintain a record on each logging supervisor's and logging assistant's training and annual safety review. The training records must include copies of written tests and dates of oral tests given after July 14, 1987. The training records must be retained until 3 years following the termination of employment. Records of annual safety reviews must list the topics discussed and be retained for 3 years.
(e) The licensee shall include the following subjects in the training required in paragraph (a)(1) of this section:
(1) Fundamentals of radiation safety including—
(i) Characteristics of radiation;
(ii) Units of radiation dose and quantity of radioactivity;
(iii) Hazards of exposure to radiation;
(iv) Levels of radiation from licensed material;
(v) Methods of controlling radiation dose (time, distance, and shielding); and
(vi) Radiation safety practices, including prevention of contamination, and methods of decontamination.
(2) Radiation detection instruments including—
(i) Use, operation, calibration, and limitations of radiation survey instruments;
(ii) Survey techniques; and
(iii) Use of personnel monitoring equipment;
(3) Equipment to be used including—
(i) Operation of equipment, including source handling equipment and remote handling tools;
(ii) Storage, control, and disposal of licensed material; and
(iii) Maintenance of equipment.
(4) The requirements of pertinent Federal regulations. And
(5) Case histories of accidents in well logging.
Each licensee shall develop and follow written operating and emergency procedures that cover—
(a) The handling and use of licensed materials including the use of sealed sources in wells without surface casing for protecting fresh water aquifers, if appropriate;
(b) The use of remote handling tools for handling sealed sources and radioactive tracer material except low-activity calibration sources;
(c) Methods and occasions for conducting radiation surveys, including surveys for detecting contamination, as required by § 39.67(c)-(e);
(d) Minimizing personnel exposure including exposures from inhalation and ingestion of licensed tracer materials;
(e) Methods and occasions for locking and securing stored licensed materials;
(f) Personnel monitoring and the use of personnel monitoring equipment;
(g) Transportation of licensed materials to field stations or temporary jobsites, packaging of licensed materials for transport in vehicles, placarding of vehicles when needed, and physically securing licensed materials in transport vehicles during transportation to prevent accidental loss, tampering, or unauthorized removal;
(h) Picking up, receiving, and opening packages containing licensed materials, in accordance with § 20.1906 of this chapter;
(i) For the use of tracers, decontamination of the environment, equipment, and personnel;
(j) Maintenance of records generated by logging personnel at temporary jobsites;
(k) The inspection and maintenance of sealed sources, source holders, logging tools, injection tools, source handling tools, storage containers, transport containers, and uranium sinker bars as required by § 39.43;
(l) Identifying and reporting to NRC defects and noncompliance as required by part 21 of this chapter;
(m) Actions to be taken if a sealed source is lodged in a well;
(n) Notifying proper persons in the event of an accident; and
(o) Actions to be taken if a sealed source is ruptured including actions to prevent the spread of contamination and minimize inhalation and ingestion of licensed materials and actions to obtain suitable radiation survey instruments as required by § 39.33(b).
(a) The licensee may not permit an individual to act as a logging supervisor or logging assistant unless that person wears, at all times during the handling of licensed radioactive materials, a personnel dosimeter that is processed and evaluated by an accredited National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) processor. Each personnel dosimeter must be assigned to and worn by only one individual. Film badges must be replaced at least monthly and other personnel dosimeters replaced at least quarterly.
(b) The licensee shall provide bioassay services to individuals using licensed materials in subsurface tracer studies if required by the license.
(c) The licensee shall retain records of personnel dosimeters required by paragraph (a) of this section and bioassay results for inspection until the Commission authorizes disposition of the records.
(a) The licensee shall make radiation surveys, including but not limited to the surveys required under paragraphs (b) through (e) of this section, of each area where licensed materials are used and stored.
(b) Before transporting licensed materials, the licensee shall make a radiation survey of the position occupied by each individual in the vehicle and of the exterior of each vehicle used to transport the licensed materials.
(c) If the sealed source assembly is removed from the logging tool before departure from the temporary jobsite, the licensee shall confirm that the logging tool is free of contamination by energizing the logging tool detector or by using a survey meter.
(d) If the licensee has reason to believe that, as a result of any operation involving a sealed source, the encapsulation of the sealed source could be damaged by the operation, the licensee shall conduct a radiation survey, including a contamination survey, during and after the operation.
(e) The licensee shall make a radiation survey at the temporary jobsite before and after each subsurface tracer study to confirm the absence of contamination.
(f) The results of surveys required under paragraphs (a) through (e) of this section must be recorded and must include the date of the survey, the name of the individual making the survey, the identification of the survey, instrument used, and the location of the survey. The licensee shall retain records of surveys for inspection by the Commission for 3 years after they are made.
(a) If the licensee detects evidence that a sealed source has ruptured or licensed materials have caused contamination, the licensee shall initiate immediately the emergency procedures required by § 39.63.
(b) If contamination results from the use of licensed material in well logging, the licensee shall decontaminate all work areas, equipment, and unrestricted areas.
(c) During efforts to recover a sealed source lodged in the well, the licensee shall continuously monitor, with an appropriate radiation detection instrument or a logging tool with a radiation detector, the circulating fluids from the well, if any, to check for contamination resulting from damage to the sealed source.
(a) A logging supervisor must be physically present at a temporary jobsite whenever licensed materials are being handled or are not stored and locked in a vehicle or storage place. The logging supervisor may leave the jobsite in order to obtain assistance if a source becomes lodged in a well.
(b) During well logging, except when radiation sources are below ground or in shipping or storage containers, the logging supervisor or other individual designated by the logging supervisor shall maintain direct surveillance of the operation to prevent unauthorized entry into a restricted area, as defined in § 20.1003 of this chapter.
Each licensee shall maintain the following documents and records at the field station:
(a) A copy of parts 19, 20, and 39 of NRC regulations;
(b) The license authorizing the use of licensed material;
(c) Operating and emergency procedures required by § 39.63;
(d) The record of radiation survey instrument calibrations required by § 39.33;
(e) The record of leak test results required by § 39.35;
(f) Physical inventory records required by § 39.37;
(g) Utilization records required by § 39.39;
(h) Records of inspection and maintenance required by § 39.43;
(i) Training records required by § 39.61(d); and
(j) Survey records required by § 39.67.
Each licensee conducting operations at a temporary jobsite shall maintain the following documents and records at the temporary jobsite until the well logging operation is completed:
(a) Operating and emergency procedures required by § 39.63.
(b) Evidence of latest calibration of the radiation survey instruments in use at the site required by § 39.33.
(c) Latest survey records required by §§ 39.67 (b), (c), and (e).
(d) The shipping papers for the transportation of radioactive materials required by § 71.5 of this chapter; and
(e) When operating under reciprocity pursuant to § 150.20 of this chapter, a copy of the Agreement State license authorizing use of licensed materials.
(a) The licensee shall immediately notify the appropriate NRC Regional Office by telephone and subsequently, within 30 days, by confirmation in writing, using an appropriate method listed in § 30.6(a) of this chapter, if the licensee knows or has reason to believe that a sealed source has been ruptured. The written confirmation must designate the well or other location, describe the magnitude and extent of the escape of licensed materials, assess the consequences of the rupture, and explain efforts planned or being taken to mitigate these consequences.
(b) The licensee shall notify the Commission of the theft or loss of radioactive materials, radiation overexposures, excessive levels and concentrations of radiation, and certain other accidents as required by §§ 20.2201-20.2202, § 20.2203 and § 30.50 of this chapter.
(c) If a sealed source becomes lodged in a well, and when it becomes apparent that efforts to recover the sealed source will not be successful, the licensee shall—
(1) Notify the appropriate NRC Regional Office by telephone of the circumstances that resulted in the inability to retrieve the source and—
(i) Obtain NRC approval to implement abandonment procedures; or
(ii) That the licensee implemented abandonment before receiving NRC approval because the licensee believed there was an immediate threat to public health and safety; and
(2) Advise the well owner or operator, as appropriate, of the abandonment procedures under § 39.15 (a) or (c); and
(3) Either ensure that abandonment procedures are implemented within 30 days after the sealed source has been classified as irretrievable or request an extension of time if unable to complete the abandonment procedures.
(d) The licensee shall, within 30 days after a sealed source has been classified as irretrievable, make a report in writing to the appropriate NRC Regional Office. The licensee shall send a copy of the report to each appropriate State or Federal agency that issued permits or otherwise approved of the drilling operation. The report must contain the following information:
(1) Date of occurrence;
(2) A description of the irretrievable well logging source involved including the radionuclide and its quantity, chemical, and physical form;
(3) Surface location and identification of the well;
(4) Results of efforts to immobilize and seal the source in place;
(5) A brief description of the attempted recovery effort;
(6) Depth of the source;
(7) Depth of the top of the cement plug;
(8) Depth of the well;
(9) The immediate threat to public health and safety justification for implementing abandonment if prior NRC
(10) Any other information, such as a warning statement, contained on the permanent identification plaque; and
(11) State and Federal agencies receiving copy of this report.
The Commission may, upon application of any interested person or upon its own initiative, grant such exemptions from the requirements of the regulations in this part as it determines are authorized by law and will not endanger life or property or the common defense and security and are otherwise in the public interest.
(a) The Commission may obtain an injunction or other court order to prevent a violation of the provisions of—
(1) The Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended;
(2) Title II of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1974, as amended; or
(3) A regulation or order issued pursuant to those Acts.
(b) The Commission may obtain a court order for the payment of a civil penalty imposed under section 234 of the Atomic Energy Act:
(1) For violations of—
(i) Sections 53, 57, 62, 63, 81, 82, 101, 103, 104, 107, or 109 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended;
(ii) Section 206 of the Energy Reorganization Act;
(iii) Any rule, regulation, or order issued pursuant to the sections specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section;
(iv) Any term, condition, or limitation of any license issued under the sections specified in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section.
(2) For any violation for which a license may be revoked under section 186 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended.
(a) Section 223 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, provides for criminal sanctions for willful violation of, attempted violation of, or conspiracy to violate, any regulation issued under sections 161b, 161i, or 161o of the Act. For purposes of section 223, all the regulations in part 39 are issued under one or more of sections 161b, 161i, or 161o, except for the sections listed in paragraph (b) of this section.
(b) The regulations in part 39 that are not issued under sections 161b, 161i, or 161o for the purposes of section 223 are as follows: §§ 39.1, 39.2, 39.5, 39.8, 39.13, 39.91, 39.101, and 39.103.


text:
Yesterday I told you I was going to talk about Honoré Sauvé's family, but you see, it was also Julie Leroux's family.
I understand genealogy uses the name of the father, but I think we owe Julie Leroux just a bit of recognition in the part she played in all this.
Right on Baby…!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Payment information, authorization forms
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Mest popul盲r
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text:
Personally, the only people I know who would eliminate kanji from Japanese orthography are either foreigners who can't get them down and a minority of politically extreme (both "left" and "right") Japanese. The use of kanji in literature often exploits not only the homophones but the range of kanji with similar but slightly different meanings to emphasize different nuances in the phrase; another practice is to give kanji the readings for words with readings entirely different from the original ones for puns or again to emphasize certain points. The first pages of the Death Note manga have three examples of these: 人間界 (usually にんげんかい but here given the reading げかい which is usually written 下界), 死神大王 (しにがみだいおう but given the reading ジジイ) and 死神界 (しにがみかい given the reading ここ). All of this can't be duplicated with a kana only orthography or through Romanization.
There are two fundamental errors here IMHO.It's also worth noting that the homophone problem exists because of kanji, not the other way around. If people didn't haphazardly mash characters together, they wouldn't get so many homophones.
1. The use of Sino-Japanese compounds had been inextricably linked with the language since the dawn of literacy in Japan. You can't eliminate homophones just by getting rid of kanji, the words themselves are already an inherent part of the Japanese lexicon.
2. If people didn't haphazardly mash characters together. I personally find this statement rather offensive and ignorant as someone who knows Chinese and Japanese. How can you even say this with a sound knowledge of Chinese characters? Yes, kanji-compounds may seem complex at first glance but they are hardly "haphazardly mashed together", I would say they have more semantic content for the average Japanese (even if he didn't take 漢文 in high school) than Graeco-Latin compounds do for the average Anglophone.
If Sino-Japanese compounds were to be replaced, what would you replace them with? I hope you don't say Graeco-Latin compounds from Western languages; they are seldom intuitive to most westerners and would mean even less to Japanese, it would be like replacing the Graeco-Latin compounds in English with alternatives from Hebrew. Native Japanese compounds could be an option but the same problem exists with replacing Graeco-Latin (including Romance) loanwords in English with Germanic equivalents.
Having said that, I do believe that the problem of homophones has been overstated. Most of the phonetically productive readings have around 1-3 kanji compound variations of which only 1 will be common. The ones with many possible compounds like かんじょう, こうどう also only have a few commonly used compounds. If you mention homophones having a variety of single kanji to represent them, they are hardly used that way, except sometimes to specify what kanji to write.
As for the case of Korean largely eliminating hanja in the mass media, I can't say much, not knowing much Korean but Korean preserves more of the phonetic contrasts from Middle Chinese and early Modern Chinese than Japanese for one, particularly with the final stops and even now, hanja are used to clarify the meanings in case of homophones and are still used in serious academic literature.
An argument made on the basis of literacy is also without basis - Taiwan, Japan and even the PRC have high rates of literacy in spite of the use of the "oh-so-complex" writing system, with it being particularly remarkable in China with the many rural areas.


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- Mercedes news
Vettel not unbeatable - Hamilton
Lewis Hamilton's main goal this year is to help Mercedes beat Ferrari in the constructors' championship but he also thinks Sebastian Vettel is not unbeatable in the drivers' standings.
A despondent Hamilton ruled out his chances of fighting for the title immediately after finishing ninth two weeks ago at the Italian Grand Prix, but later that day changed his tune to say was not giving up. On arrival in Singapore he said his focus was not really on the title fight, but despite an 81 point gap to the Red Bull driver he still believes beating Vettel is possible.
"I'm a realist," he said. "I don't come here thinking everything is going to be great. What will be, will be. Everything from here is a bonus, I never expected to be where I am this season so I really feel that whatever is ahead is a positive. There will be experiences that are not so great but I think we are now at a point where we really carefully make the right decisions and put ourselves in the right positions.
"Whether that means winning the championship or not I don't know, but hopefully we can beat the Ferraris. That's the main goal at the moment. I don't think he [Sebastian Vettel] is unbeatable."
Hamilton is confident Mercedes can recover from its recent dip in form with the first return to a high-downforce circuit since he won at the Hungarian Grand Prix in July.
"I'm really hoping that the car is going to be more competitive here," he added. "Obviously we know what the package was like that we had in Hungary, it was good then, and we've made some small tweaks to it to make it even stronger here. Everyone else will put their packages on that they had in Hungary, which I'm sure they've fine tuned as well, but I definitely think that we should be more competitive than we were in the last race. Fingers crossed that's the case."


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The BFG
Oz the Great and Powerful
Alice in Wonderland
3:10 to Yuma
The Good German
Memoirs of a Geisha
Walk the Line
The Terminal
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Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
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This category lists users according to their ability to speak in the Dutch (Nederlands) language.
- Category:User nl-N: Native Dutch speakers
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Central Connecticut guard Kyle Vinales will return to Central Connecticut for his junior season in 2013-14. Vinales, on track to easily break the program's all-time scoring record, had announced in April that he would transfer.
Vinales had used three of his official visits on trips to La Salle, Kent State and Buffalo. He also had made unofficial visits to Detroit, Oakland and Toledo. Vinales committed to Toledo last week only to re-open his recruitment the next day.
Then he called Howie Dickenman and asked if he could return.
Vinales will be one of seven returning players. The Blue Devils have four players signed to national letters of intent: Ahmaad Wilson, a 6-0 guard from Baltimore; Matt Mobley, a 6-2 guard from Worcester; Kevin Mickle, a 6-7 forward from Brooklyn; and Faronte Drakeford, a 6-6 transfer forward from Cape Fear Community College in Wilmington, N.C.
Central has two scholarships to award and is believed to be targeting forward Juwan Newman, a who would transfer from College of Southern Idaho.
Vinales averaged 21.6 a game last season.
Below is the press release from CCSU's Tom Pincince ...
Central Connecticut men's basketball player Kyle Vinales, a rising-junior in 2013-14, will remain with the Blue Devil basketball program. The Department of Athletics and head coach Howie Dickenman made the announcement on Friday.
Vinales was granted permission to speak with other schools last month, but will now continue as a student-athlete at Central Connecticut for his final two seasons.
"I called Coach Dickenman on Thursday to ask if my scholarship was still available. He said that it was," Vinales said on Friday. "I made a mistake and this process has taught me what is really important. I learned that my teammates are my brothers and that this coaching staff and school truly care about my future and about me. You don't find that everywhere and I realize that now."
Vinales became the fastest player in school history to score 1,000 points this past season. He was a First Team All-Northeast Conference selection after finishing in the top-10 in the country in scoring.
"Kyle knows that he has some work to do to earn back some of the trust of his teammates, but I believe he is sincere in doing that," Dickenman said. "He is committed to what he needs to do to make this right. We didn't have any ill will towards Kyle when he decided to leave, and now that he has been through that process we are happy that he will be a Blue Devil for the rest of his career. He's a hard worker, and now the work continues for next season."
Vinales averaged 21.6 points per game as a sophomore and 38.2 minutes played per game, among the national leaders in each category. He has scored 1,169 points in his first two seasons with the Blue Devils. He also led the team in assists and finished eighth in the NEC at 3.8 assists per game.
"I now know what is important," Vinales said. "I have to prove myself to my teammates and coaches once again, and I will show them that I am committed to this team. I've learned a lot from this process and know this is where I want to be. When I decided to leave I made some comments about winning and getting to the NCAA Tournament. I know that if I'm going to be a leader for this team, that responsibility begins with me. I am committed to my team, my coaches and CCSU."


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2013 National Arbor Day Awards
Excellence in Partnership Award
The Lost Pines Forest Recovery Campaign
The Lost Pines Forest Recovery Campaign, based in College Station, Texas, is the recipient of the Excellence in Partnership Award. The Lost Pines Forest Recovery Campaign is a multi-year, public-private partnership with the goal of raising sufficient funds to plant more than 4 million trees on public and private land destroyed in the September 2011 wildfire. The partnership is comprised of the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Texas A&M Forest Service and the Arbor Day Foundation.
This year's winners are:
J. Sterling Morton Award
Kemba Shakur
Promise to the Earth Award
Public Awareness of Trees Award
Alliance for Community Trees
Forest Lands Leadership Award
The Florida Forest Service
Rachel Carson Award
- Donna Love
- Lakeshore Learning Materials
Arbor Day Celebration Award
The City of Punta Gorda, Florida
Award for Education Innovation
Eden Reforestation Projects
Good Steward Award
Plant With Purpose
Award for Excellence in Volunteer Management
The Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board
Excellence in Partnership Award
The Lost Pines Forest Recovery Campaign
Excellence in Urban Forest Leadership Award
Friends of Grand Rapids Parks
Lawrence Enersen Award
Dr. Waddell Barnes
Frederick Law Olmsted Award
Indiana University Professor Burnell Fischer
Award winners are recognized for their leadership in the cause of tree planting, conservation,and environmental stewardship.
Leaders in tree planting, conservation, and environmental stewardship from around the country and world are honored each year at our annual Arbor Day Awards celebration held in Nebraska City, Nebraska. The awards ceremony is part of the annual Arbor Day weekend celebration held at Lied Lodge & Conference Center.
Photos provided by: ACTrees - Burnell Fischer - City of Carmel, IN - City of Valparaiso, IN - Dimensions Educational Research Foundation - Donna Love - Dr. Waddell Barnes - Eden Reforestation Projects - Florida Forest Service - Friends of Grand Rapids Parks - ©Joseph O'Brien / USDA Forest Service - Kemba Shakur - Lakeshore Learning Materials - Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board - Northern Indiana Public Service Company - Plant With Purpose - Punta Gorda - Steve Schroeder - Texas Forest Service - Texas Parks and Wildlife Department - The Salinas Californian - UPS - Urban ReLeaf


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Doreen Anderson
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Mistress Elektra Skye's slaves are used merely for Her amusement and pleasure. Her slaves are forced to submit to Her desires and they do so without question. Her beauty is matched by Her intelligence and She is always finding new ways to use Her boy-toys.
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Percy Harvin's situation in Minnesota is getting uglier by the day.
The fourth-year receiver has requested a trade from the Vikings, NFL.com's Ian Rapoport confirmed Wednesday. This follows a day during which Harvin hinted about multiple "problems" with the Vikings.
"I'll just put it this way -- it's a lot of different things that have to be sorted out," Harvin said. "Just haven't been real happy lately. So, we've got a couple things to work on. I'm here in the classroom, so we'll go from here."
Vikings coach Leslie Frazier didn't sound concerned about Harvin on Tuesday. This should get Frazier's attention, however.
Harvin went on the field for the team's second practice Tuesday, but did not practice extensively. There has been speculation Harvin isn't happy with how the team handled his injury situation. You can also usually follow the money when a player is unhappy. For now, that's all speculation.
We don't have to speculate that Harvin wants out of Minnesota until something changes. He's the team's best receiver and is under contract for cheap the next two years, so there's no way the Vikings will consider trading him.
Harvin has plenty of leverage and is forcing the issue. If he held out into the regular season, the Vikings' Week 1 starters would likely be Michael Jenkins and Devin Aromashodu. (Yikes.)
In short, this situation is bound to get uglier.
UPDATE: Rapoport says Harvin is present at Vikings camp:
Just finished a #Vikings walkthrough. Percy Harvin was present, didn't do much. Didnt talk to media members.â Ian Rapoport (@RapSheet) June 20, 2012
UPDATE: Vikings general manager Rick Spielman addressed Harvin's request for a trade Wednesday: "We have no interest at all in trading Percy Harvin."


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LONDON, April 25 (UPI) -- News Corp. Chief Executive Officer Rupert Murdoch hinted Wednesday Britain's phone hacking scandal could reach across the pond to the United States.
Murdoch told the Leveson Inquiry in a witness statement "evidence of alleged or suspected illegality" by News International staff was being sent to the U.S. Justice Department, the Telegraph reported.
He said the company's Management and Standards Practice Committee has been cooperating with the Justice Department since last July.
"This company has been my life's work," Murdoch said, "and I feel a strong sense of responsibility for everything we do and fail to do."
Murdoch denied being one of the main powers behind former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher during questioning about the relationship between politicians and the media, the Telegraph reported.
He told the inquiry he "never lets commercial considerations" enter into decisions about which political parties his papers back in general elections.
Murdoch drew laughter from the audience when he admitted telling former Prime Minister Tony Blair, "If our flirtation is ever consummated Tony, I suspect we will end up making love like porcupines: very, very carefully."
In earlier testimony, James Murdoch, the U.S. multinational media giant's deputy chief operating officer, said he had a "tiny side conversation" with Prime Minister David Cameron Dec. 23, 2010, about the Murdoch conglomerate's interest in winning government approval for a $12 billion takeover of British Sky Broadcasting Group PLC, the younger Murdoch testified.
The conversation took place at a Christmas dinner at the home of then-Murdoch British newspaper executive Rebekah Brooks, with whose husband Cameron is close friends, the younger Murdoch told the judge-led inquiry into British media practices.
Brooks resigned last summer at the height of a scandal involving phone hacking by Murdoch tabloids. She is one of 46 people arrested in an investigation into Murdoch-tabloid wrongdoing.
Cameron's office previously insisted the prime minister had "not been involved" in discussions about the bid and initially denied the Christmas encounter had taken place.
Cameron was to appear before Parliament Wednesday and is expected to appear before the media-practices inquiry, led by Judge Brian Leveson, at a later date.


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During an exclusive interview, President Barack Obama spoke with 11 News anchor Don Ward about the national economy and Colorado's role in the upcoming election.
Colorado is a swing state in the upcoming presidential election. According to two recent polls, by Rasmussen Reports and Politico, the President is splitting the Colorado electorate with GOP candidate Mitt Romney. Both are supported by about 45 percent of voters.
The President says he is not worried that Colorado, and much of the nation, appears to be divided. "I think that's a healthy debate to have and ultimately the great thing about democracy is the American people will make these decisions."
When Don Ward asked about the state of the economy and how critics view the progress during his administration, President Obama cited statistics about recent successes. He reports that over 4 million jobs were created during the last 27 months, including 800,000 in the past few months.
Still, the President acknowledged that more could be done. " I think people, understandably, want to make sure that going forward over the next four years, we continue to make progress," he said. "We want to see Colorado's economy continue to grow and the country's economy to continue to grow. But, when we've gone through what we've gone through, nobody's going to be completely satisfied, least of all me."
According to The Bureau of Labor Statistics, Colorado's unemployment rate during the recession peaked at 9 percent between September and November 2010. The unemployment rate in April of 2012, the last month for which data was available, has gone back down to 7.9 percent.
"What we want to do is continue to build on the progress we've made in restoring the auto industry, an energy economy where not only oil and gas production are up but we're also seeing a doubling of clean energy, that's the kind of approach I think Coloradans want to see, and so we're going to keep on building."
Obama plans to cut a trillion dollars this year, in addition to 1 trillion he cut last year, in an effort to reduce the nation's deficit by 4 trillion dollars with a lot of additional spending cuts. Most of those cuts, he clarified, are not defense cuts.
In another interview in Washington D.C., Republican National Committee communication director Sean Spicer, questioned the President's record on debt. "We just crossed $15 trillion in debt and we've had 4 years of record deficit budget submitted by this president," he said. "He has no leg to stand on when it comes to deficit reduction."
In addition to the spending cuts, Obama wants to tax the rich. "If we do those two things, if we've got a balanced approach, there is no reason we can't solve this problem."
Transcript: Interview With President Obama:
Don Ward: Mr. President, Colorado is a battleground state, it was in 2008, it is now. You had 54% in '08 and you won. Latest polling shows you & Romney at about 45% right now. Some of the support you had then you don't have now, what happened?
President Obama: Well, the worst economic crisis since the great depression and we're digging our way out. I think people, understandably, want to make sure that going forward over the next four years, we continue to make progress, that's why we announced, for example, the investments we've been making in rural economies and small businesses because we want to see Colorado's economy continue to grow and the country's economy to continue to grow. But, when we've gone through what we've gone through, nobody's going to be completely satisfied, least of all me.
Don Ward: A lot of people expected progress quickly, it hasn't necessarily come. How do you answer critics about that?
President Obama: Well I think if you look historically, if you have a financial crisis of the magnitude we have, it takes a lot to dig yourself out of that hole. We've seen some progress, over the last 27 months over 4 million jobs created, 800,000 just in the past few months alone. What we want to do is continue to build on the progress we've made in restoring the auto industry, an energy economy that's booming with an all of the above strategy where not only oil and gas production are up, we're also seeing a doubling of clean energy, that's the kind of approach I think Coloradans want to see, and so we're going to keep on building, not only on our strategy for immediate job growth, but also for long term job growth, which involves education, infrastructure, making the investments we need to make sure we can succeed for the next generation.
Don Ward: Companies say they're afraid to hire right now, in a way because of uncertainty, how do you reassure them that now is a good time? The deficit is a huge problem, experts say it's going to take increased revenue and spending cuts to fix the problem. Your critics say you're not willing to acknowledge the depth of cuts that need to happen other than the defense.
President Obama: Actually, I signed 1 trillion dollars worth of cuts last year, another trillion that are slated to happen this year and I've put forth a budget that would reduce our deficit by 4 trillion dollars with a lot of spending cuts, not just defense cuts, they're actually more non-defense cuts than defense cuts. What we haven't gotten is cooperation from the other side that says we've also got to ask people who are doing very well, folks like me, to pay a little more in taxes, go back to the rates we had under Bill Clinton in the 1990s. If we do those two things, if we've got a balanced approach, there is no reason we can't solve this problem. The challenge we've got is the Republican Party right now says we're not going to ever raise taxes, even on millionaires and billionaires who can very well afford it. In the absence of that kind of revenue it is very hard to get that kind of deal that the vast majority of American people think is the right way to do it.
Don Ward: Let's talk about that for a moment, because we are a nation divided right now, Colorado is a divided state. It seems like the two sides are so far apart right now that neither side is even able to acknowledge that the other side might be right about anything.
President Obama: I have to disagree with you on that. I think that, I've said, we got to make sure we cut out waste in the government and we've done so. I've said we got to make sure we don't have regulations that are stifling growth, we've done an evaluation, all the regulations are out there and eliminated regulations that don't make sense. The truth of the matter is ,the American people aren't as divided as the pundits would say they are. It's true that the parties are divided right now but it's not because my administration hasn't constantly reached out to them. Even my health care bill, something that has generated a lot of negative attention on the Republican side was modeled on the health care bill that was passed by their current Republican nominee, so obviously it wasn't too far out, it was something that in the past would have been considered a fairly mainstream centrist bill, I think that this election will offer us a clear choice in terms of whether we want to pursue a path that says the only way to grow is tax cuts for the wealthy and stripping away regulations for things like the environment, or are we going to take a path that says we're going to have a balanced approach to the deficit reduction, we're going to make sure we are making investments in things like education that are really going to ensure our long term competitiveness and I think that's a healthy debate to have and ultimately the great thing about democracy is the American people will make these decisions.
Transcript: Interview With Sean Spicer, RNC Communications Director
Don Ward: I asked the president about the nation being so divided right now. He said it's not as divided as it appears and that his admin has been reaching out continually to the American people and that even his healthcare bill, which has gotten so much negative attention from the republican people, is modeled on one proposed by their nominee right now say your response to that.
Sean Spicer: I think when the bill was passed, you had speaker Pelosi say you need to pass this bill to see what's in it. This was not an example where they reached across the aisle and worked with Republicans on several of the ideas they had developed. They had a super majority in the senate and in the house, did exactly what they wanted to do with little to no input.
Don Ward: But I guess he's going back a little further than that and says the idea of it is based on similar ideas to the Massachusetts plan.
Sean Spicer: Right. I think the difference in that, there's an individual government takeover of healthcare that is not something that is supported nationwide. It's one thing to look at an individual state and say what's best for Colorado, what's best for Utah, what's best for Cali but I think President Obama made his mistake when he said I'm gonna make this apply to every state, required for every citizen. That's a whole different philosophy.
Don Ward: I asked him about the deficit and the need to cut spending in addition to raising more revenue. He said he's already proposed trillions in cuts and he's recognized cuts are necessary beyond just defense. Your response?
Sean Spicer: Well, I think the United States credit rating has been downgraded for the first time ever. We just crossed $15 trillion in debt and we've had 4 years of record deficit budget submitted by this president, he has no leg to stand on when it comes to deficit reduction. The deficit and the debt continue to rise under his watch.
Don Ward: They say when this issue comes up. The mantra that I must've heard: the worst recession since the great depression. The worst in any of our lifetimes. Primarily inherited from the previous administration.
Sean Spicer: I think, we don't elect presidents to blame people. We elect them to lead. He knew exactly what he was getting into when he ran for office. He made it very clear day 1 that he had a very serious challenge and he said "If I don't have this done in 3 years it's a 1 term proposition." We're here to hold him accountable for that.
Don Ward: but he said he's had no cooperation in the efforts he's put forward.
Sean Spicer: Let's go back again: This president for the first two years of his administration had a super majority in the house and the senate. His first priorities were 'Obamacare,' card check, climate change - everything but getting the economy working again and dealing with the deficit. So for two years he got everything he wanted, it just wanted the things the country needed.
Don Ward: He says now he has Republican lawmakers who will not raise taxes period.
Sean Spicer: I think that the republicans ran two years into his term and said 'hey, we have a different direction we want to go job creation, reducing the debt' and he doesn't like that. But again, they were similarly elected with a mission to do what they were told by their voters, which is to get people back to work and get our debt and deficit under control.


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Had The Eyes No Tears Card
Had the Eyes No Tears Card
Designer: Betsy Veldman
SUPPLIES: Cardstock: (kraft) Papertrey Ink Patterned paper: (Needlepoint from Lilac House collection, Memories from Wishful Thinking collection) Fancy Pants Designs; (Bloom Geometric Pink from Bloom & Grow collection) My Mind's Eye; (Princess Posies from Enchanted collection) Imaginisce; (Vintage Patchwork from Paper Girl collection) The Girls' Paperie; (Canary Damask from Fresh Print Clothesline collection) Little Yellow Bicycle Clear stamps: (sentiment from With Sympathy set, flourish from Mat Stack 1 Collection set) Papertrey Ink Chalk ink: (Creamy Brown) Clearsnap Specialty ink: (Dark Chocolate hybrid) Papertrey Ink Accents: (gray pearl stick pin) Maya Road; (peach pearls) Kaisercraft Stickers: (white epoxy medallion, bracket) Pink Paislee Fibers: (peach floral ribbon) Webster's Pages Fonts: (Parade, Palace Script) www.ascendercorp.com Dies: (border, leaves, label) Papertrey Ink Other: (chartreuse felt) Papertrey Ink Finished size: 5 1/2" x 3 3/4"
1 Make card from cardstock; cover front with patterned paper.
2 Die-cut border from card front. Stitch and ink edges.
3 Print sentiment on cardstock; trim, notch ends, and adhere. Adhere pearls.
4 Affix medallion sticker. Die-cut leaves from felt; adhere.
5 Trim flower from ribbon; adhere. Insert pin.
1 Cut patterned paper strips; adhere inside card. Stitch edges and ink right edge.
2 Print sentiment on cardstock; stamp flourish and sentiment. Die-cut into label.
3 Cut strips of patterned paper, adhere to label, and stitch. Adhere label.
4 Affix bracket sticker.
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On most days Severus wondered what kind of sick deal Fate struck with him so that he ended up here.
Here was an ageing house in the dodgy end of the country called Spinners' End. Everything looked as if it belonged in the time where some brilliant mind discovered the steam engine. All the houses were identical two storey structures made of stone and covered in soot, so that when night fell they blended in with ease.
No one ever smiled there. They went on with their lives wearing the overwhelming air of indifference. Nothing better would come along, they were sure of it, so what was the point? He wondered if what happened to their happiness was the same thing that happened to his.
He sat swinging his legs on the wall of an old house across the street from his house. He's not sure what happened to the people who lived there, but the boarded up windows told him they never planned to come back. It didn't matter to him if they stay gone he liked to think of the house as his own even with its broken windows and patched roof. It still felt more intact that his real home anyway.
He used to sit out there on most afternoons when his mother shooed him out the door, insisting he needed to play with the other children. It was not that he never tried before. The first afternoon he stumbled along after them in his too-tight shoes, and an old work shirt of his father's. They laughed at him, told him he looked like one of hell's scarecrows. Even on his trek back home, their mocking laughter rang in his ears. He knew if he told his mother it would break her heart, and she didn't need that - not from him. So he pretended for her sake to walk along the pavement in the direction of the park where he knew she'd watch for him before moving away from the window. He counted to one hundred from the moment he set foot out of the house. At one hundred and one he took a left and ran between the neighbours' hedges until he appeared at the house across the road, and he sat on the wall hidden from sight.
For the past few months he sat on the wall watching his house where every now and then his mother peered out of the second floor window and looked down the street. She never noticed him there and he knew it. He imagined she had more important things on her mind at the time.
Every day he sat muttering the same words under his breath like a prayer.
Dear Lord, please let her set the table right.
It was almost half four, and his father was coming home for tea.
His father was never home much. He left before the sun came up in the morning and stumbled home in the afternoon. Severus doubted he even had a job - the factory shut down eighteen months earlier. The hours of his father's absence were the ones he enjoyed the most. That was when he found his mother was more herself instead of the subservient drone he found at supper time.
As long as he could remember his mother's world revolved around magic. When Severus turned five, he set his father's newspaper on fire. Maybe it was a sign of some sort that he didn't quite understand just yet.
The old man took away his favourite toy - a small broomstick his mother saved and bought for his birthday. He remembered when she woke him up that morning after his father left. She wrapped it in the same brown paper she used sometimes to clean the windows. His little fingers shook with excitement when she placed the broomstick on the floor and with a whispered word it rose a few feet off the ground. Little did he realise that he was about to make his first mistake.
When his father got home, Severus ran down the stairs with it to show him what it could do.
"Look Papa, it's magic!"
He beamed up at his father in delight, not hearing the small gasp that escaped his mother's lips. Tobias Snape let his battered toolbox hit the ground with a clatter.
"Magic, you say?" his words were but a hiss and his eyes skipped over his son's completely, and landed harshly on his wife's.
"No, my boy," he stepped forward, snatching the toy out of the air, "it's nothing of the sort."
He marched into the kitchen, and threw the toy through the door.
Severus felt the tears well in his eyes as any objection threatening to rise in his throat jumbled at the thunderous look on his father's face. The man strode over to his armchair and took up the newspaper awaiting him. He wasn't sure he understood what hatred really was until that point in his life. Before his eyes the paper his father held in his hands burst into flames. Tobias yelped, flinging the remnants of the newspaper on the floor and stamping on it with as much energy as he could.
The only person who found this scene funny was Eileen, his mother.
Tobias, almost breathless, glowered at his wife. Clenching his jaw, he pointed at Severus.
"Go upstairs."
"No, it's not fair," he squeaked, gesturing at the toy which probably lay broken in the yard. "I never get-"
Tobias stared incredulously at his son. "What did you say?"
Severus hiccoughed and shook his head. He could taste salt on his tongue. His mother placed firm hands on his shoulders.
Tobias Snape curled his hands and held them tight at his sides. "Go upstairs, Severus. Now."
"Papa doesn't like magic, so you must be careful."
His mother appeared at his bedroom door the next morning, holding the toy broom in her hands. She wore her blue dress that day, the one that brought out her eyes, but he found that something about her face looked different – it looked rounder. Severus stared the broom with a frown. It looked as it did yesterday when he tore the brown paper off it, and he was sure he heard a loud snap when his father threw it outside.
"Thanks Mum." He took it gingerly from her outstretched hands and kissed her cheek noticing the tiny wince from her as he did.
He waited as she closed the door behind her to hide the gift under one of the loose floorboards in the corner of his room. There was heaviness in him as he placed it out of sight knowing full well he'd never touch it again.
The floor shook after the resounding crash. The air filled with shrieks. Severus sat with his hands over his ears in the corner of his bedroom. With every thud sent a fresh wave of tears down his pale face. All that was left to come was the slam of a door. He rushed to his feet as he heard it and crept to the window in time to see his father's stocky frame head down the street, flexing his fingers as he did.
It had been like this for the past few months, and it took him a while to understand exactly what happened when his father came home for tea. Of course, those were in the days where his mother sent him out to return hours later for supper. Back then pretence was necessary so they could hide, but not anymore.
Under his bed sat a little kit he'd put together after reading one of his mother's old Potions books – the few his father hadn't found and destroyed. He took the box from its hiding place and disappeared down the stairs, half afraid of the state he'd find her in this time. There was no light in the cramped living room, but his eyes became used to the darkness – he'd done this many times.
The pieces of broken glass glittered eerily from the artificial light of the street lamp; he tiptoed around them and paused waiting for the slightest sound. He followed the faint weeping to the kitchen where he found his mother sitting on a stool by the window.
Gone were the days of not knowing what to say during the awkward pause at the door. He set his kit down on the counter and went to work.
"Your birthday's coming up soon," her voice sounded strained.
Severus swallowed and continued to rub the salve on her face. She didn't have to say anything else, but he knew she was afraid. His eleventh birthday was in two weeks and soon she'd be alone.
The past few years he'd been at Hogwarts Severus loathed going home for holidays. The war in his family home reached a temporary stalemate where the opposing sides tiptoed around each other until they started up again. His father never looked him in the eye since his first day at Kings' Cross though Severus grew to understand not to expect anything less.
His absence changed things somehow.
His mother met him on the platform every year with the brightest smile she could muster. He knew she only did it for him for when he looked away, her face fell.
You should stop protecting me, Mother. I know what sort of a house we live in.
Her hand shook on his shoulder. Severus closed his eyes tightly at her sharp intake of breath. She bowed her head with enough reverence the topic never deserved.
You're just a boy, things should be better than this.
He never was much of a cynic until he heard those words. He would have agreed, but the lie felt too heavy on his tongue. He turned sixteen two months before and he spent it watching an old friend walk hand in hand with her boyfriend.
Yes, of course things should be better.
As a young man he figured he'd gotten his neighbours all wrong. There was no indifference about them, merely acceptance. They'd gotten through the five stages faster than he realised.
He had not set foot in the town in five years, but now he looked upon it with clearer eyes. The houses hadn't changed much, and at first glance neither did the people. He stood behind the wall of his old childhood hiding place, watching them all like he used to. Women walked around with slumped shoulders and bowed heads with small children in tow. Some nervously pulling hair over the blackened eyes they never got the chance to cover up before going out. Others chatted quietly to each other, but checked their wrists for the time.
Severus' eyes flickered to his old home where he imagined his mother pulling the curtains away and peering through the window. It was half past four.
His feet came alive and took him to the pavement where they carried him down the road and to the right. The village cemetery stood open, beckoning him closer to the past he tried to avoid for the past ten years. As the train pulled into the station in London for the very last time, his mother's face failed to greet him; a stern-looking Auror took her place.
On the longest day of the year, Severus always wondered why.
Author's Note: This is one of the few things I've written in months that I actually like. If you have anything you want to say about it, or critique, drop me a line in the review box.
The scene with Severus huddled in a corner while his parents argued was taken from the UK version of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 26, 'Seen and Unforeseen'.
Thanks for reading :)
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CAMBRIDGE (Reuters) - Got 48 hours to explore the colleges, pubs, green spaces and leafy towpaths of Cambridge, England? Reuters correspondents with local knowledge help visitors get the most out of a visit to the city that is home to one of world's oldest universities.
6 p.m. Arrive at Cambridge train station and breathe in the soft air of the Fenlands. Cambridge is a town of cyclists, where everyone from students to software millionaires ride bicycles to get around.
If you want to get the most out of the city, you can rent one too right outside the station at Station Cycles (www.stationcycles.co.uk). Buy a map while you're at it.
7 p.m. If you're staying in the center of town and you like a bit of history, stop in at The Eagle. It is one of the oldest pubs in Cambridge, dating back to the 1600s with a galleried courtyard for outdoor drinkers. A plaque outside will tell you this is the pub where Cambridge scientists Watson and Crick cracked the secret of DNA and there will likely be plenty of modern-day geniuses knocking back their Friday night pints. The ceiling in the RAF room at the back is festooned with the smoky signatures of World War Two airmen stationed around Cambridge, who wrote their names in soot on the ceiling before flying off to confront the Luftwaffe.
11 p.m. Most pubs in Cambridge still close near or around this traditional closing time, though some stay open past midnight. You could try the nightlife if you're keen. There are at least three busy late night clubs close by The Eagle: The Kambar, Lola Lo and Fez Club. But beware it's an early start in the morning...
8 a.m. Rowing is a Cambridge passion, though the Cambridge University Boat Club (www.cubc.org.uk) lost the 157th "Boat Race" against Oxford this year. Nevertheless, students, lecturers, top athletes and keen amateurs all turn out in the early morning for a row. If you're in Cambridge in early June you can see the Cambridge University "May Bumps" races for the student "gownies" or in late July the Town Bumps for "townies." Both sets of races are a big spectacle and bring thousands of people to the river for four days of rowing mayhem, dinners, picnics, parties, BBQs and bonfires. The races are conducted in boats with crews of eight who chase each other down the river intent on overtaking to "bump" the crew ahead. Crashes, sinkings and even rowers knocked out of boats are regular occurrences. Bankside, cyclists race along the towpaths screaming support for their teams, so watch out! Cycle out across Midsummer Common to the towpath to see the rowing or just look at the lovely college boathouses perched on the banks, with their escutcheons proudly displayed. Foremost of these is Goldie Boathouse (1880), where the Cambridge University team conduct their indoor training. If you're lucky, the doors will be open and a number of scantily clad top athletes will be getting put through their paces.
12 p.m. Hit the pub. The riverside pubs in Cambridge are gorgeous on a fair day and filled with rowers. Most have outdoor seating and serve food. One of the oldest is the Fort St. George, right on the banks of the Cam. Just up the road is the Old Spring. Further along the river heading out of town toward Ely are the Green Dragon and about an hour's cycle is The Bridge at Waterbeach.
2 p.m. If you've gone to the Bridge at Waterbeach then you'll have to cycle back into town. After a big lunch and a few pints it might take longer than expected. Don't rush, the river outside of town is surrounded by picturesque countryside and home to herons, ducks, swans and kingfishers. Sheep and horses can sometimes be seen grazing in fields by the bank.
3 p.m. Don't abandon the river just yet. After all the excitement of the rowing and hours in the saddle, it's time for you to get on the Cam yourself for a glorious introduction to the gardens and architecture in Cambridge. The river wends its way through the middle of town and around the back of some of the university's oldest colleges. The best way to drink it in is from a traditional punt on the river. There are any number of hire companies, but one of the biggest is Scudamore's (www.scudamores.com). Feel free to attempt punting — propelling the traditional flat-bottomed wooden boat using a wooden pole — yourself. But beware that it's a hilarious past-time for locals to snigger at the hapless tourists who end up spluttering in the river when their pole becomes stuck and their punt slides out from under them. A more relaxing way to see the college "Backs" is to hire a chauffeur, often a student, who will propel you along regaling you with the history of the colleges while you laze in the punt eating strawberries and cream, drinking Pimm's and enjoying the blooming gardens and the serene beauty all around you.
6 p.m. Drop into the Granta pub overlooking the Mill Pond or The Mill for a swift pint or two after your punting and before you get changed for dinner.
8 p.m. There are a number of good restaurants for fine dining in Cambridge and of course, plenty of pubs. For the pub option take your pick of the pubs reviewed by Cambridge Pubs, with a map and descriptions at www.cambridge-pubs.co.uk. Cambridge has a number of good fine dining options. Here are three. Midsummer House Restaurant (www.midsummerhouse.co.uk) has two Michelin stars and is located right on the river on Midsummer Common next to the Fort St. George pub. It is set in a converted Victorian house serving French Mediterranean food. Cotto restaurant (www.cottocambridge.co.uk) hasn't the Michelin stars but boasts that it uses only the freshest ingredients sourced locally. Hotel Du Vin (www.hotelduvin.com/HotelLanding.aspx?HotelId=7), in the center of town has an 80-seat bistro serving European cuisine.
11 p.m. Go home to bed or brave the raucous Saturday night clubs in town. There will be plenty of walking tomorrow to get round the colleges.
10 a.m. Now that you've had what the British refer to as "a lie-in" you should feel ready to tackle Cambridge on foot in order to have a close-up look at an academic institution whose life began in 1209 and whose alumni range from Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and William Wordsworth to Stephen Hawking, actor Hugh Laurie and Sacha Baron Cohen, the man behind Borat. You'll never get through all the colleges as there are many and some will be closed to visitors. But a good place to start is at the bottom of St. John's Street next to the 12th century Round Church, founded by the Fraternity of the Holy Sepulchre. Have a peep inside at the Romanesque architecture. Wander up St. John street from here, taking in the colleges. Two of the biggest and most interesting to wander around are Trinity and King's. Pop into Trinity (www.trin.cam.ac.uk) through the Great Gate. On the outside of the college, is a statue of its founder, Henry VIII. Some years ago the statue's scepter was replaced by a chair leg as an undergraduate prank. Ask the tourist porter at the gate if you can have a wander round. Visitors must pay a small entrance fee, but then have the opportunity to see the college chapel, Great Court, Hall, Nevile's Court and the magnificent Wren library completed in 1695 to the design of Christopher Wren. The library contains a number of special collections including medieval manuscripts; early Shakespeare editions; books from Newton's own library and A.A. Milne's manuscripts of Winnie-the-Pooh. Wander the courtyards and buildings that have inspired 32 Nobel prizewinners as well as Francis Bacon, Lord Byron, and Alfred Tennyson.
12 p.m. Press on along the same street, although it's now called Trinity Street, past the grand Senate House, where formal ceremonies are held. You should now be on King's Parade, a grand boulevard where stand the impressive buildings of King's College (founded in 1441). Call in at the Porter's lodge to gain entry to the beautiful court and grounds inside, where one of the most famous sights is King's College chapel. The foundation stone was laid in 1446 and it took over a century to build, including an interruption during the War of the Roses. The chapel houses the painting "The Adoration of the Magi" by Rubens. Every Christmas eve Carols at King's is broadcast around the world.
2 p.m. Trundle up King's Parade onto Trumpington Street and stop at Browns (www.browns-restaurants.co.uk/menu-cambridge.php) for hearty lunch fare or Loch Fyne (www.lochfyne.com/Restaurants/Locations/Cambridge.aspx) for seafood.
4 p.m. You can return to wandering around the colleges in the afternoon if you haven't had enough academic history. For a lazier afternoon option punt, take a taxi or cycle to Grantchester Meadows just out of town where students for generations have whiled away the hours reading, picnicking in an area made famous by World War One poet Rupert Brooke in his poem "The Old Vicarage, Grantchester." The Orchard Tea Garden — where Brooke once lolled under the trees and ruminated — serves morning coffee, light lunches, afternoon tea and champagne to guests who can rest their weary bones in wood and canvas chairs under the very same boughs. Though the Old Vicarage is now home to novelist Jeffrey Archer, you can still see the church clock stand at ten to three and there really is honey still for tea.


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My passion for helping women in birth began shortly after the birth of my first child in 1974. Her birth transformed my life. The impact of the miracle of birth set me on a course of fulfillment in motherhood and laid the foundation for a future calling into midwifery. After our last child was born, I began apprenticing with my midwife. Through those years I worked as a DONA certified doula and a HOWs certified labor assistant, while continuing to apprentice with traditional midwives, CPMs and CNMs. I completed my midwifery training through the Association of Texas Midwifery Training Program in January of 2004.
I hold the CPM - Certified Professional Midwife credential, and an LM – Licensed Midwifery credential with the Minnesota Board of Medical Practice. I have helped families birth their babies in hospital, birth center and homebirth settings, and now specialize in home birth midwifery care.
I'm actively involved in promoting the midwifery model of care in Minnesota though my role as president of the Minnesota Council of Certified Professional Midwives (MCCPM), and as a board member of the midwifery organization Midwifery Now! (MNow!). In addition, I support the growth of free-standing birth centers in Minnesota as a board member of the Morning Star Women's Health & Birth Center, and as a friend and promoter of Health Foundations Family Health & Birth Center.
I and my awesome husband, Doug, of 39 years, have birthed six children together, our last by c-section. Although our six are now all adults, my four daughters and daughter-in-law have chosen midwifery care and I've had the incredible gift of receiving grandbabies into my own hands So far, my empty nest is feathered by fourteen of these joyful, spirited little ones! Before my midwifery career I home educated our crew, and because of or in spite of that (!) my adult children have become best of friends with each other, and are also my dearest and closest friends.
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I believe that childbirth is a normal physiological process and that God uniquely designed women for the childbearing experience. I find joy in coming along side a woman as she reaches into the depth of herself in giving birth. I also seek to encourage her to educate herself and make wise lifestyle and health care choices. Then I honor the decisions she makes. My goal is to help couples safely birth a healthy baby in the shelter of their own home, working together as their bond deepens, while transforming their lives through the process and engraving a life-time of precious birth memories into their hearts.
In addition to midwifery, I have an interest in teaching women to understand their fertility and how the understanding of their unique biological markers relates to their overall gynecological health. I have completed training with Dr. Thomas W. Hilgers OBGYN as a Creighton Model Fertility Care Practitioner and a Naprotechnology Midwifery Medical Consultant. www.naprotechnology.com
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Terry Koester holds her granddaughter, Skylur Surovik, during a candlelight vigil in remembrance of Brady Surovik Friday, July 5, 2013, near the intersection of 17th Avenue and Pace Street. Heather Surovik lost her unborn baby boy, Brady, after a drunken driver struck her vehicle at 17th Avenue and Pace Street on July 5, 2012. For more photos visit http://www.TimesCall.com.
(Greg Lindstrom/Times-Call)
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text: ← Wrap Up Restaurant Relocation → Secret Spot Posted: January 21st, 2014Author: zittelFiled Under: A-Z West, Uncategorized1 Comment I know there isn't much point in having a secret spot of you don't keep it secret – but the location is secret even if the pictures aren't. Over the last 14 years AZ West has transformed from functioning as something of a monastic retreat to a bourgeoning community. It's an amazing place to work, and to meet an incredible group of people who are constantly passing through – but for someone with slightly anti-social tendencies, such a public life can at times be a bit rough. Hence the secret spot which will hopefully set things in balance. Eventually I'll get to spend time here in isolation, but like all big life improvement projects, it's going to take a while to get there. Elgin helped me haul everything out of the cabin this week – getting ready for a big cleaning, a new roof and bigger windows to let in more of the view. We are keeping as much as the original siding as possible (interior and exterior) and I'm going to try to not drive myself crazy obsessing about making every single thing that goes in the space. (I always say this – and always end up getting carried away anyway) One Comment On "Secret Spot" Gogo January 21, 2014 Shsh we won't tell. Congrats. Your pay it forward through art is working. Thank you! Reply Leave a Reply Click here to cancel reply. ← Wrap Up Restaurant Relocation →


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Our Sunday School
Saint Andrew's Youth meet at 9:50 in the Church Hall every Sunday and attends the end of the service in the Church.
The children spend 40 minutes following the lectionary readings of the day from the Bath and Wells Children's resources known as SundayMAX, which includes inspiring and creative ideas for readings, discussions, worship, craft, music and games, plus an activity page for children.
SAY have been involved in Burnham-on-Sea Food Festival where they have offered free crafts and activities to families visiting the town.
St. Andrew's Youth (SAY)
Fewer children attend, although we do have visitors from church members.