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Mississippi, constituent state of the United States of America. Its name derives from a Native American word meaning "great waters" or "father of waters." Mississippi became the 20th state of the union in 1817. Jackson is the state capital.
Mississippi is smaller than most of the U.S. states and is bounded on the north by Tennessee, on the east by Alabama, on the south by Louisiana and the Gulf of Mexico, and on the west by Louisiana and Arkansas. Mississippi is naturally well suited to agriculture; its soil is rich and deep, and its landscape is laced with many rivers. Until the mid-20th century the dominance of a rural, unhurried lifestyle generally worked to the state's advantage. This way of life was manifest in part in a culture of gentility, the legacy of which is still evident in the many historic mansions located in such old towns as Columbus, Biloxi, Natchez, Vicksburg, and Holly Springs.
With increasing urbanization and industrialization, however, the leisurely approach to life in many ways became a hindrance to Mississippi's economic and social development. For decades an unusually large dependent population, a predominantly agricultural economy, and a prevailing resistance to change have kept Mississippi's per capita income low and created an inadequate standard of living for many families. Moreover, the state has been the site of intense interracial conflict, sitting centre stage during the civil rights movement of the mid-20th century. In the early 21st century roughly half of all Mississippians still lived in rural areas—though not necessarily on farms—and the state continued to rank low in many economic indexes. Area 48,441 square miles (125,460 square km). Population (2010) 2,967,297; (2018 est.) 2,986,530.
Mississippi is a low-lying state, its highest point reaching only about 800 feet (240 metres) above sea level. Except for its hilly northeast corner, Mississippi lies entirely within the eastern gulf segment of the broader Coastal Plain physiographic region. It has generally low topographic elevations and extensive tracts of marshy land. Its major soil areas encompass hills, plains, prairies, river lowlands, and pine woods.
Relief and soils
In the northwestern part of the state, the great fertile crescent called the Delta is the old floodplain of the Yazoo and Mississippi rivers, comprising some 6,250 square miles (16,200 square km) of black alluvial soil several feet deep. Once subject to disastrous floods, the land is now protected by levee and reservoir systems.
On the eastern rim of the Delta are the loess bluffs, marking the beginning of the highlands. On the Delta's western rim a highly fertile band of lowlands parallels the Mississippi River from Vicksburg, south to the Louisiana border. A brown loam belt of varying width extends from Tennessee to Louisiana. Most of southern Mississippi lies in the gently rolling Piney Woods. The coastal area, sometimes called the Coastal Meadows, or Terrace, borders the Gulf of Mexico. This region's soil is sandy and not well suited to crops.
Along the northern edge of the Piney Woods lies the narrow Central Prairie, separated from the Black Prairie by a section of hills and woods. The two prairies, with fertile black soil that is excellent for many types of agriculture, were once the site of large cotton plantations. East of the Black Prairie, in the extreme northeast, are the Tennessee Hills. Arching between Tennessee and Alabama, these hills form the only area in Mississippi in which the terrain is reminiscent of the mountains of the southeastern United States.
West of the Black Prairie another highland area, the Pontotoc Ridge, extends south from the Tennessee border. This ridge, averaging 400 to 600 feet (120 to 180 metres) above sea level, is one of the state's most distinctive features. Its fertile sandy loam is excellent for orchards. A low-lying narrow region called Flatwoods skirts the western edges of the Pontotoc Ridge and the Black Prairie. Its heavy clay soils drain poorly, and the area has never developed a prosperous economy. The North Central Hills range through northern and central Mississippi and eastward to Alabama. Their red clay soil supports small farms. Before scientific farming methods were widely adopted, erosion depleted vast tracts of land in these hills.
Mississippi has many rivers, creeks, bayous, and other natural drainage networks. The state's principal river systems include the Tombigbee, now joined with the Tennessee to form the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, which links the Tennessee River with the Gulf of Mexico; the Pascagoula in the southeast; the Pearl in the south-central section; and the Mississippi and its tributaries, notably the Yazoo and the Big Black, in the west. These streams all empty into the gulf, either directly or through the Mississippi and other rivers.
Mississippi's location endows it with a favourable climate for agriculture. The growing season is long (virtually year-round on the coast), precipitation is abundant, and extreme temperatures are unusual. Summers are warm, with daily temperatures typically rising from the upper 60s F (about 20 °C) into the low 90s F (about 33 °C) in July and August. Autumn's bright, crisp days have the least precipitation and are considered by many to be the most agreeable of the year. Daily temperatures in January generally range from the low 30s F (about 0 °C) to the mid-50s F (about 12 °C). Snowfall is rare but does occur. The state's annual precipitation averages more than 50 inches (1,270 mm), varying by region. The coastal area is subject to tropical cyclones (hurricanes) from June to October; in 2005 the cities of Gulfport and Biloxi were heavily damaged by Hurricane Katrina, one of the strongest Atlantic storms on record.
Plant and animal life
The mild climate, long growing season, and plentiful rainfall provide Mississippi with a remarkable variety of plant and animal life. Live oaks and several varieties of pines are characteristic of the southern counties, while fruit trees and hardwoods, such as oak and hickory, thrive in the north. Magnolia and pecan trees are favourites throughout the state. Pine forests, often intermixed with oaks, are found extensively on the state's sandier soils. More than half the land area is forested, and the state is studded throughout with many naturally occurring and cultivated flowers.
Opening land to farming and hunting reduced the once abundant wildlife drastically. Some animals, such as wolves and pumas (cougars), are extinct in the state; bobcats are rare and bears even rarer. Deer, however, are once again thriving, and the population of wild turkeys has increased significantly. The state has a variety of resident and migratory birds, including, among others, bald and golden eagles, many types of waterfowl and wading birds, and an array of warblers, woodpeckers, and hummingbirds. Some game fish can be caught throughout the year, with catfish, bream, bass, and perch the leading freshwater species. The gulf is rich in shrimp, oysters, and fish, together forming the mainstay of an extensive commercial fishery.
Population composition
People of white European ancestry—primarily British, Irish, or northern European—account for about three-fifths of Mississippi's residents, while African Americans make up nearly all of the remainder. Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans each constitute just a tiny fraction of the population, with Hispanics being the largest of the three groups. The vast majority of Mississippians were born in-state, although in the late 20th century there was a wave of immigrants, mainly from Vietnam and India.
Until about 1940, people of African descent constituted the majority of Mississippi's population. By the late 20th century, however, they had become a minority (albeit a large one), owing primarily to a very high rate of out-migration. Nevertheless, in the early 21st century Mississippi had a greater percentage of African American residents than did any other state. The small Chinese population, concentrated mostly in the Delta, is descended from farm labourers brought there from California in the 1870s. The Chinese did not adjust well to the Mississippi plantation system, however, and most of them became small merchants. Many of the Southeast Asian immigrants of the late 20th century were attracted by the state's coastal fishing industry. Much of the Native American population lives in the central section of the state. The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, the state's only federally recognized Native American group, has reservation lands in the vicinity of Jackson.
Various Protestant denominations dominate Mississippi's religious life, most notably Baptists and United Methodists. The Roman Catholic population is concentrated in the urban centres and the southernmost areas, especially the coastal counties. The small Jewish community is almost entirely urban. Mississippi's Buddhist and Muslim populations are tiny.
Settlement patterns
The landscape of Mississippi—one of forests, fields, towns, and growing cities—comprises a number of locally recognized cultural regions that generally correspond to the state's geographic regions but follow a somewhat different terminology. Almost every Mississippian speaks colloquially of the Delta and the adjacent North Central Hills (or simply, the Hills), a highland region to the east; the Prairie (comprising the Central and Black prairies), or the Black Belt; North Mississippi and the Northeast; the Piney Woods, or South Mississippi; and the Coast, to refer to the entire coastal area. The state's largest metropolitan areas are Jackson, Biloxi, Gulfport, and Pascagoula.
Geographers may speak of the Yazoo basin in the northwestern part of the state, but to the people of Mississippi it is the Delta, historically characterized by aristocratic plantation traditions and now a region of highly mechanized farming. Many Delta families originally came from the Hills to the east, which also is an agricultural zone. Adjacent to the Hills, but with more-productive lands, the Prairie region reflects some of the ways and style of both the Hills and the Delta. Northeast Mississippi developed as an area of small family farms and few plantations.
What historians call the Piney Woods, covering most of the state south of Jackson, the people call South Mississippi. Though settled early, this region did not prosper until the great virgin pine forests were exploited—and heavily reduced—in the early 20th century. The area has continued to flourish, with most residents engaged in diverse agricultural activities, including forestry, cattle raising, and specialty farming, or in the rapidly expanding industrial and commercial sector.
The Coast is atypical of the state as a whole. It is more Roman Catholic than upstate, and its blend of various European, Hispanic, and, more recently, Asian heritages makes it the most heterogeneous of Mississippi's regions. Many residents of the Coast were attracted not only by the area's location and pleasant climate but also by its employment opportunities in various industries, gambling casinos, and resort hotels.
Demographic trends
Frequent movement by sharecroppers and tenant farmers from one farmstead to another was commonplace until the early 20th century. Around the 1920s the economic focus began to shift to the cities and towns, and, as it shifted, patterns of migration—and emigration—also changed; many Mississippians moved to less-rural regions in other states, and for a time emigration outweighed natural population growth. About three-fourths of the white emigrants moved to other Southern states, whereas the same proportion of African American emigrants left the South entirely. By the mid-20th century, however, the surge of emigration had subsided, and the population again had begun to increase. Growth continued throughout the subsequent decades; it was accompanied by a slow but steady loss of farm population, a decline of smaller towns, and a significant expansion of cities (settlements of more than 10,000 inhabitants). Despite this rural-to-urban flow, there remained in the early 21st century no great extremes of population density within Mississippi.
Although there has been significant improvement in employment and compensation in Mississippi since the mid-20th century, growth at the regional and national levels has been proportionately greater; consequently, in the early 21st century the state remained disadvantaged economically, with a per capita gross product that was among the lowest in the country. Manufacturing and services—primarily government (federal, state, and local), retail and wholesale trade, real estate, and health and social services—are the largest sectors of the state's economy. The services sector has expanded particularly rapidly since the late 20th century.
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing
Mississippi's economy became less dependent on agriculture in the second half of the 20th century, and the number of farms and farm acreages declined significantly. By the early 21st century the sector represented only a tiny share of the state's gross product and employed an even smaller segment of the population. Cotton, once king of Mississippi's agricultural sector, now shares its reign with livestock, catfish from aquaculture, poultry, and various crops such as soybeans and sweet potatoes. The great majority of the state's farms focus on livestock and dairy products, and Mississippi has become a leading producer of broiler chickens.
Lands in Mississippi that are unsuited to the cultivation of row crops are largely used for tree farms, orchards, or pastures. The state maintains an intensive reforestation program to replace the trees that are harvested each year as part of its forestry industry. Mississippi is one of the country's top producers of lumber and wood-related products.
Resources and power
Petroleum and natural gas account for the great bulk (in volume and in value) of all minerals produced in Mississippi. Important nonmetallic minerals include sand and gravel, fuller's earth, and other clays. Iron has been mined intermittently since the late 19th century. Aluminum ores are low in quality, and they have been little exploited.
Most of Mississippi's electrical power comes from plants fired by coal and natural gas and to a somewhat lesser extent from a nuclear power station near Port Gibson. Hydroelectric power in smaller amounts is brought into Mississippi from Tennessee Valley Authority dams and through interconnections with power companies in other states. A few private companies, numerous rural cooperatives, and several municipal generating systems are in operation.
In 1936 Mississippi adopted an industrial development program to "balance agriculture with industry," and in 1965 the state's industrial employment exceeded the number of agricultural workers for the first time. Manufacturing continued to expand until the end of the 20th century, when, following national trends, it began to decline. In the early 21st century, however, the sector remained an important contributor to the state's gross product and a major source of employment. Mississippi's principal manufactures include upholstered furniture, automotive parts, lumber and wood-related products (such as pulp and naval stores), and processed foods (especially seafood from the coastal waters). Pascagoula is the site of a major shipbuilding company.
Services, labour, and taxation
Mirroring the trend in many other states, the service sector in Mississippi has been on an upward swing since the late 20th century. A particularly notable development in the sector has been the expansion of casinos. In 1990 the Mississippi legislature legalized dockside casino gambling along the Gulf Coast and the Mississippi River. Casinos have since opened at various locations along the coast and in Natchez, Vicksburg, and Tunica county, which is one of the largest gaming markets in the United States. The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians also operates a casino on tribal lands near the town of Philadelphia.
The government is a major employer in Mississippi. Among the most prominent of the federal institutions is the John C. Stennis Space Center, located on the southern coast between Gulfport and New Orleans. It is one of NASA's primary testing facilities for rockets—including the U.S. space shuttles.
Labour union membership in Mississippi is relatively small, although widely dispersed. Most large employers have a union membership. The state has a right-to-work law that prohibits compulsory union membership, however.
Mississippi's major sources of revenue are sales taxes, followed by personal and corporate income taxes, gasoline taxes, and gaming income. Local governments derive their greatest income from property taxes. Considerable amounts of federal monies are provided through numerous federal and state agencies.
Rail transportation, a large segment of which is entirely intrastate, has generally declined since the late 20th century. However, the state's secondary highway system has improved significantly. The heaviest volume of traffic is along the Gulf Coast, where numerous north–south and east–west routes converge.
Gulfport and Pascagoula can accommodate oceangoing ships, and low-draft oceangoing vessels can travel up the Mississippi River to Natchez, Vicksburg, and Greenville. Barge traffic moves on the Mississippi, Pearl, and Yazoo rivers. The Gulf Intracoastal Waterway passes through the Mississippi Sound along the Gulf Coast.
Mississippi has scores of public and private airports. Most large cities offer commercial service. There are international airports in the Jackson and Gulfport-Biloxi areas.
Government and society
Constitutional framework
As delineated in the constitution of 1890, Mississippi's government has executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Most heads of executive departments are elected rather than appointed, and the executive branch includes the governor, the lieutenant governor, and several other officials, all of whom are elected to four-year terms. Executive officials may be reelected or reappointed to office.
Mississippi has a bicameral legislature, consisting of a 122-member House of Representatives and a 52-member Senate. The legislature meets in annual sessions. Representatives and senators are both elected to four-year terms.
The municipal and justice courts are the lowest courts in the state's judicial system. The municipal courts handle cases involving misdemeanour crimes, traffic tickets, and violations of city ordinances. Justice courts have original jurisdiction in certain cases where fines, sentences, and judgments do not exceed prescribed limits; they also deal with traffic violations that occur outside the municipalities. Some large counties maintain a county court. There are special courts to handle youth offenses and drug crimes. Chancery courts have jurisdiction over matters of equity, probate, juvenile delinquency (where county courts do not exist), divorce, and mental competence. Circuit courts are the main trial courts for major suits, criminal cases, and appeals from justice and county courts.
An intermediate court of appeals, which consists of 10 judges (two from each of the state's five congressional districts) who are elected to eight-year terms, hears cases assigned to it by the state Supreme Court. The Supreme Court is the highest court of appeals; its nine justices are elected, from three judicial districts, for staggered terms of eight years. All lower court judges are elected to four-year terms.
Each of Mississippi's counties is governed by a five-member board of supervisors elected to a four-year term. Municipalities may be incorporated as villages, towns, or cities. Governments of these units are of the mayor-council type with aldermen, the commission type with several commissioners (including the mayor), or the city-manager type, in which the manager is appointed by the council. State and county officials are elected in a November general election. Party primaries are held in August.
From the end of Reconstruction (1865–77) until the late 1940s, the Democratic Party was essentially the only party in Mississippi. As in many states of the South, literacy tests, poll taxes, and other restrictive measures kept most black citizens from being able to participate in the electoral process. Disaffection among Mississippi's white voters with the national Democratic Party over civil rights broke its domination in 1948, and thereafter, with few exceptions, advocates of states' rights (the use of state power to oppose national legislation) or otherwise conservative Republican presidential candidates received the state's electoral college votes. Increasing participation by black voters, made possible by the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act a year later, prompted a realignment of party politics in Mississippi. For a time, two Democratic parties existed—a predominantly black loyalist faction allied with the more liberal national party, and a conservative wing identified with the traditional white power structure. The two wings of the Democratic Party were unified in 1972, but most of the white conservative Democrats eventually switched to the Republican Party. In the 1980s a viable two-party system emerged in Mississippi, and in 1991 a Republican governor was elected in Mississippi for the first time since Reconstruction. Since the late 20th century, African Americans have won election to an increasing number of local and state offices throughout the state. In national politics, Republicans have come to dominate elections, having won the state in all but one presidential election since 1972.
Health and welfare
Health, welfare, and other measurements of the quality of life in Mississippi necessarily must be considered in the perspective of the state's long history of segregation and racial discrimination. The high infant mortality rate and welfare dependency are linked to a century of poverty, injustice, discrimination, and resistance to change that have impeded the development of the state's natural and human resources. Almost all counties have some form of relief or welfare programs that involve federal funds. Welfare services include aid to the blind and disabled, the elderly, and dependent children. Health programs are administered by several state agencies, including the Board of Health, which dates from 1877.
Historically, the state has been in the vanguard of public health services. The causes of pellagra (a nutritional disorder) were discovered in Mississippi in 1915. A model mosquito-control program eradicated yellow fever, and the state tuberculosis sanitarium became recognized nationally.
Mississippi's primary and secondary public school system has typically ranked low by almost all measurable standards. Following years of turmoil brought on by the Supreme Court's 1954 ruling ( Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka) against racial segregation in public schools, the state committed itself to a dramatic improvement of its schools. The Education Reform Act of 1982, the reinstatement of compulsory attendance for children between ages 6 and 14, competency testing of high school students, the creation of an appointed state school board, and the establishment of an early childhood education program are measures that the state has taken to enhance the quality of education. The success of these measures since the late 20th century has been evident in the diminishing school dropout rate and the steady improvement in educational test scores. Mississippi also has a long history of pioneering work in the education of blind and deaf children; the Mississippi School for the Deaf, established by an act of legislature in 1854, continues to operate in Jackson.
In contrast to its primary- and secondary-school record, Mississippi has a distinguished history of higher education. Although it did not survive the American Civil War, Jefferson College (founded in 1802) was among the earliest public postsecondary institutions in the country. Elizabeth Female Academy (founded in 1818) is considered by some historians to be the first women's college. In the late 19th century the Mississippi legislature allocated a portion of the state's land-grant funds to Alcorn University, which had been established at Lorman in 1871, and renamed the institution Alcorn Agricultural and Mechanical College. Alcorn A&M, which is now Alcorn State University, was the first land-grant college in the United States for African American students, and it continues to be prominent among the country's historically black universities (HBUs). Jackson State University (opened 1877) also is a long-standing, nationally recognized HBU and Mississippi's premier urban institution. In 1884 Mississippi established the Industrial Institute and College at Columbus (now the Mississippi University for Women), the country's first state-supported institution granting diplomas to women. Other important universities include the University of Mississippi (founded in 1844; commonly called Ole Miss), located at Oxford; Mississippi State University (opened in 1878), in Starkville; and Mississippi Valley State University (opened in 1950), the state's third HBU, in Itta Bena.
Among the state's major research institutions are the University of Southern Mississippi (founded in 1910), with its Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (founded in 1947), and the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium (founded in 1972). The world's first human heart and lung transplants were performed at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, a facility that is renowned for its innovative work in organ transplantation and hypertension research. In addition to major universities and research centres, Mississippi has dozens of community colleges, colleges for senior citizens, and smaller universities.
SOURCE: http://www.britannica.com/place/Mississippi-state


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BACKGROUND IMAGE: iSTOCK/GETTY IMAGES
- FeatureSo long SAIT-1
- FeatureSnapshot: Capacity growth still the biggest backup pain point
- FeatureEMC cuts power with new Centera
- FeatureFast CAS facts
- FeatureBackup and archiving get closer together
- FeatureHow SANs aid backup
- FeatureVirtualization breathes new life into old arrays, but at a cost
- FeatureStamp out NAS threats
- FeatureLet your fingers do the walking
- FeatureCommVault Galaxy, EMC Retrospect best of the backup apps
- FeatureNew rules, new game for compliance and ediscovery
- FeatureProtect Exchange data
- FeatureNew role for tape libraries
- FeatureUnderstanding dedupe ratios
- FeatureEditorial: Backing up garbage
- FeatureBest Practices: Sorting out remote-office backup
- FeatureHot Spots: VMware opens door for next-gen backup apps
- FeatureStorage Bin: Shining the green spotlight on storage
- FeatureEditorial: Scramble that data!
- FeatureHot Spots: Managing storage in a virtual server world
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Stamp out NAS threats
NAS is open to many of the exploits (viruses, worms, unauthorized access, data tampering, snooping and IP spoofing) that have plagued Windows-based systems. But even though NAS runs on ubiquitous Ethernet and TCP/IP transport protocols, it's fairly easy to protect. The hard part is selecting the right level of protection.
There are numerous threats to NAS data and many different ways to protect it. The trick is to find the right level of protection for the perceived risk.
NAS is vulnerable to many of the exploits that plague Windows-based systems: viruses, worms, unauthorized access, data tampering, snooping and IP spoofing. But even though NAS runs on ubiquitous Ethernet and TCP/IP transport protocols, it's fairly easy to protect. The tough part is finding the right level of protection.
Any good security framework contains multiple security layers. If one layer is compromised, the target of the attack is still protected by other layers. In the case of NAS, network perimeter security is the outermost shield that keeps unauthorized people out of your LAN and storage network. If an attacker penetrates your perimeter security, authentication and file-access authorization will prevent access to files and folders on the NAS; and unless an attacker can guess an authorized account and its password, your data will still be protected.
Prioritization and fortification of those areas with the highest risk is another guiding principle. It's important to secure each area appropriate to its risk by finding a balance between what's required and what's overkill. For example, while multifactor authentication using a password and token or biometric identification may be a requirement for financial firms, password authentication harnessing Active Directory with a strong password policy is probably sufficient for most firms.
Audits are an often-neglected aspect of security. It's only through testing that you can ensure the security measures in place actually work. These NAS security areas need to be addressed:
- Network security
- Access control
- Security updates
- Malware
- Encryption
- Audit trails and security logs
- NAS management
|NAS vs. Fibre Channel SAN security
It may be surprising, but security is a bigger issue for SANs than it is for NAS. As NAS is accessed via file-system protocols, it can rely on the system security inherent to CIFS and NFS, including authentication authorization. As long as users have strong passwords and access is properly granted, data on the NAS is relatively well protected. However, there's an abundance of threats against CIFS and NFS, from hacking attacks that try to guess user credentials, snooping attacks that attempt to steal logins and passwords, to denial of service attacks that attempt to overwhelm systems and gain access through system failure vulnerabilities.
Network security
For an intruder or malicious software to get access to NAS, network access is required. The more you can limit NAS access to legitimate users, the less likely a security breach will occur.
Securing network access starts with the corporate firewall that keeps outsiders from penetrating the LAN and NAS and, until a few years ago, this was all firewalls did. An increasing number of security incidents prompted security vendors such as Check Point Software Technologies Ltd., Cisco Systems Inc., Juniper Networks Inc. and SonicWall Inc. to add intrusion-detection systems (IDSs) and intrusion-prevention systems (IPSs) to their portfolios. Today, network security systems combine firewall and intrusion-detection functions with complex Layer-4 through Layer-7 capabilities that detect and avert malicious behavior within a single device.
While strong perimeter security is indispensable, in most cases it's not sufficient to secure network access to NAS storage. To reduce exposure, many storage managers further restrict access to NAS through network isolation techniques like virtual LANs that limit the size of the network broadcast domain the NAS belongs to and confine network access.
Some storage managers physically or virtually isolate NAS storage, so it's only accessible via a separate network. "Although we have all our systems behind firewalls, to further reduce exposure and risk, we decided to run our NAS on an isolated network," says Vincent Fusca III, operations director, Center for the Evaluative Clinical Sciences at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH.
Electronic Data Systems (EDS) Corp., a technology service company in Plano, TX, creates logically isolated environments for its customers. "We put clients into a container, which typically means that their systems are firewalled, preventing one customer from seeing another customer's data, regardless if the customer has a dedicated NAS or if he is on a shared NAS offering," says Tim Bowers, EDS' Storage Services product manager. "Furthermore, we separate management, data and backup networks."
|CIFS and NFS file-system security
Because NAS is accessed via NFS and CIFS file-systems protocols, understanding how these two protocols handle access will help you properly secure files and shares.
Access control
While network security restricts the ability to communicate with the NAS device, authentication and authorization protect files and shares from being accessed and manipulated by unauthorized users. This is no different from protecting regular file servers and, more than in any other area, security policies play an instrumental role in regulating user access and permissions.
Authentication is the process of determining who the user is by verifying user credentials against a central repository that maintains user names, passwords, security identifiers (SIDs) or user ids (UIDs), as well as group membership information. User credentials are akin to keys that open the door to your data, and protecting these keys and reducing the risk of someone guessing passwords is critical. It goes without saying that securing the central repository of user credentials, such as Active Directory, is of utmost importance. Keeping it properly patched, making sure it has up-to-date virus and malware protection, and limiting administrative access to it are all essential practices.
Security risks around authorization are likely to occur because of improper provisioning. Without strong policies and procedures, users may have inappropriate permissions or get access to files they shouldn't see.
A few simple guidelines can prevent your losing control of the data-access provisioning process. Any access grant or change should only be performed after proper approval. Take advantage of security groups and roles; with the exception of user directories, data is typically accessed by more than one user. Don't grant access to specific files; instead assign permissions at a folder or share level. Default permissions should always default to deny rather than permit. "We default to having no access unless explicitly granted, and we try to not default anything to open but to closed," says Bob Lockhart, security portfolio manager, EDS.
You should also periodically conduct information-access audits that require data owners to verify that the current permission grants are correct. These simple steps will not only make access to data on your NAS more secure, they'll be tremendously helpful for regulatory compliance audits like Sarbanes-Oxley.
Keep the NAS up-to-date
System integrity and a process for keeping your NAS up-to-date are crucial to NAS security. Like a regular server, most NAS systems run an OS, such as EMC Corp. Celerra Data Access in Real Time (DART), Network Appliance (NetApp) Inc. Data Ontap or Microsoft Windows in the case of Windows Storage Server (WSS) 2003. Because these OSes are complex, they have flaws that are caused mostly by software errors or bugs. Many of the flaws are never noticed or aren't relevant to security, but the ones that can be used for exploits can make your NAS storage vulnerable.
Although all NAS systems are susceptible to exploits, the widespread use of Windows exposes WSS more than the proprietary OSes of other NAS platforms. Microsoft and WSS OEMs have made concerted efforts to keep Microsoft-based NAS systems secure. To start with, WSS runs a hardened Windows with all unnecessary services disabled, which greatly reduces the risk of exploits. Also, "Windows Storage Server by default is configured to automatically download critical updates via Windows Update Service," says Claude Lorenson, group product manager for storage and branch solutions at Microsoft.
WSS OEMs like Hewlett Packard (HP) Co. provide additional services to keep WSS up-to-date. "On a quarterly basis, we release a service release that rolls up noncritical patches for all our Windows-based NAS offerings as a free service," says Jim Hankins, NAS product marketing manager at HP. EMC offers a secure remote gateway that enables Celerra NAS systems to check and download updates, and both BlueArc Corp. and NetApp provide updates for their respective NAS systems from secure Web sites.
Despite all NAS vendors providing some type of patching mechanism, you must also have a solid patch-management policy to ensure that updates are applied on a regular and systematic basis. Early on, EDS saw the importance of timely patching and established a threat and security team that monitors emerging threats and ranks them by risk. "If the risk level for a threat is above 7.5 on a scale from 1 to 10, immediate patching is required; if it is between 6.5 and 7.5, we'll patch at the next cycle," says EDS' Lockhart.
Keeping malware out of the NAS
Viruses and worms have caused havoc in data centers all over the world in the past few years, and users have learned that virus scanners are vital to keeping computers safe. This simple truth isn't any different for NAS.
Keeping viruses out of NAS can be accomplished in two ways: by having virus scanning software on all clients that connect to the NAS or by putting virus protection on the NAS. Depending solely on virus protection software of NAS clients is risky because it's difficult to ensure that all clients are properly protected at all times, and it takes only one infected NAS client to inflict major damage. Therefore, it's highly recommended to have virus protection on the NAS itself. "We do both NAS engine-based and client-based virus scanning, and all our systems default to CA eTrust [renamed CA Internet Security Suite 2007]," notes Lockhart about EDS' virus protection strategy.
Being Windows Server-based, WSS has an edge over other NAS platforms; virus scanning software can run directly on WSS and it will allow using whatever virus scanning software a company has standardized on.
Conversely, non-Windows platforms need to pass off virus scanning requests to dedicated virus scanning servers from CA, McAfee Inc., Symantec Corp. or Trend Micro Inc. For instance, Trend Micro offers ServerProtect for Network Appliance Filers and Server Protect for EMC Celerra; both are purpose-built products, optimized for the needs of the two respective NAS platforms. The NAS and one or more antivirus scanning servers typically communicate via trusted CIFS connections. The NAS system will initiate scans on files that are created, changed and opened for read-access, and that haven't been marked as scanned since the last virus definition update. The scanning server also informs the NAS platform when new virus definitions are applied.
With new and stricter privacy laws, encryption is playing an increasingly important role in securing storage. When evaluating encryption for NAS, two types of encryption should be considered. If deemed necessary, IPsec encryption is typically employed to obscure the communication between clients and the NAS. The overhead of encryption traffic has caused NAS vendors to offer IPsec accelerator cards, while any of the available IPsec accelerator cards for Windows Server, such as those from Cavium Networks, can be used for WSS.
The second type of encryption is the encryption of the data on the storage itself. This is typically accomplished by deploying an encryption appliance in front of the NAS that encrypts files entering the NAS and decrypts files originating from the NAS. The primary players in this field are Decru's DataFort (Decru is now a NetApp company) and NeoScale Systems Inc.'s CryptoStor. Decru and NeoScale are available as clustered solutions and, besides high performance and scalability, these products work at the protocol level, which makes them usable for both file-based (NAS) and block-based (iSCSI) storage access.
Alternatively, you can use a software-based encryption product that runs on NAS clients, such as Vormetric Inc.'s CoreGuard. The benefit of a client-based encryption product is its ability to encrypt data from the client to the NAS without requiring additional encryption for the network connection itself. On the downside, encryption-key management becomes more challenging vs. an encryption appliance.
"Although we have standardized on NeoScale CryptoStor for network-based encryption, we default more to host-based encryption using Vormetric CoreGuard as it secures the full path from the client to the NAS," explains EDS' Bowers.
Audit trails and security logs
Security logs are the facility through which security devices communicate security events. But security logs can be large and overwhelming, so they're often ignored. At a minimum, proper logging should be enabled on devices to allow detailed analysis if needed. Better yet, security logs should be analyzed and scrutinized periodically, semi- or fully automatically, leveraging reporting and alerting capabilities of security devices or through dedicated security incident and event management (SIEM) tools that aggregate logs from multiple devices.
Log aggregation and analysis tools are available from the likes of ArcSight Inc., EMC and LogLogic Inc. Among these products, EMC enVision (acquired from Network Intelligence) stands out most prominently because of its scalability and performance. While most SIEM vendors depend on relational databases, enVision deploys a proprietary distributed object-based database that scales as sites and devices are added. "We decided early on to not use traditional relational databases as they are ill-suited for collecting a high number of log transactions generated by devices throughout the enterprise and reporting and correlating on them at the same time," says Matt Stevens, CTO of the information and event management group at RSA, the Security Division of EMC.
"Before we deployed enVision, we used a SIEM tool with a relational database and we had to wait 10 days from the time an event was captured to the time it appeared on a report," says EDS' Lockhart. "EDS currently generates about 1 trillion log events per month from all our locations and, thanks to enVision, we are able to report on and correlate logs close to real-time," he says.
Securing NAS management
Tightening security around NAS management is critical. While a strong password policy is recommended for all users, it's an absolute must for administrative accounts. To further reduce the risk of administrator accounts being exposed, some companies, like EDS, are moving toward dual-factor authentication.
Another good practice is to separate the management network from the data network. "All our NAS management stations reside on a separate management network that is inaccessible by regular users," reports EDS' Bowers. Role-based administration, offered by most NAS products, helps further segregate NAS administration.
Partitioning a single physical NAS into several virtual systems that are independently managed takes role-based administration to the next level, a capability available for NetApp NAS filers with the MultiStore feature. "Prior to MultiStore and virtual filers, customers had to buy separate NAS filers to get this level of segregation," says Michael Eisler, technical director at NetApp.
Safe, not sorry
NAS depends on your network, storage and most likely Active Directory, so it's a multidepartment effort to keep it safe. A solid security policy and a risk-based approach to determine the right level of protection are practical guides to implement security for your NAS filers.

subset: commoncrawl


text: The Prayer, as sung by Celine Dion, Andrea Bocelli, Josh Brogan and Yolanda Adams, has in recent years gained the status of instant legend. Few songs have seen such unprecedented success. Here, with slightly adatped lyrics, and brilliantly paired with Samuel S. Wesley's hymn, Lead Us, Lord, Fettke creates a stunning new prayer ideal for worship throughout the year.


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Inside find everything young travellers care about, like the fun activities on our trips, wildlife you'll see, and famous places you'll visit. Share it with the whole family!
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Get set for a week of family fun in Paris and along the
River Seine on our newest Tauck family river cruise
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A family holiday should be a holiday in every sense – a stress-free time for connecting with your family, making real discoveries and having the most fun ever. Together.
Travel should be life changing, eye opening, exciting – and engaging for all ages…
Our family holidays are designed to spark a passion, inspire a sense of wonder, and enrich understanding, and when these experiences are shared with loved ones, they bring you closer together. We take care of every detail of your holiday so you can do, see, and be together as a family… making memories that will last forever.
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Hear Tauck Bridges family travellers talk about their holidays of a lifetime… view videos and photos of the fabulous places we go… the fascinating and fun things we do – and see how we make every Tauck Bridges adventure extraordinary.
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Commercial, Military, Personal/Corporate, Products, Public Service
By Staff Writer | January 1, 2009
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Turbomeca specializes in the design, production, sale and support of low- to medium-power gas turbines for helicopters. In the industry since 1938, Turbomeca is the world's leading manufacturer of helicopter engines.
With continued investments to expand global service and production capabilities, standard-setting design and engineering, and our 24/7 after-sales service, Turbomeca is committed to helping its customers take their business to new heights. As your trusted partner, Turbomeca focuses on understanding your business, which allows us to tailor our products, services and policies to ensure we meet your needs every day.
The company's goal is to provide a full range of services conveniently close to customers, wherever they may operate. It also designs and builds turbine engines for training aircraft and missiles.
While celebrating its 70th anniversary, Turbomeca (SAFRAN Group) expanded in the USA with a new site in Monroe, North Carolina. This very first production site outside of France is dedicated to turbine parts manufacturing and was established to better meet the growing market demands and better serve our customers.
Ranging from 450 to 3,000 shp, Turbomeca turbines power civil, parapublic and defense helicopters for all leading helicopter manufacturers. Despite this variety, all of these turbines benefit from Turbomeca's emphasis on leading-edge technology that is carefully designed, rigorously tested, and meticulously manufactured.
"The importance we attach to investment in R&D enables our customers to benefit from the latest technology with a real potential for improved power ratings," explains Turbomeca CEO and Chairman Pierre Fabre. "After the sale is done, we support our customers with top quality service, to ensure that their engines continue to provide peak performance and retain their book value."
Our strong presence in the field, our Customer Councils, Regional Symposiums, and our Customer Satisfaction managers proximity to customers allows us to adjust and provide a more precise response to their needs.
At Turbomeca, we are constantly putting in place opportunities for open dialogue with our customers and this allows us to:
Be highly responsive to their after-market service requirements
Keep close track of their evolving needs
Adjust accordingly through continued and flexible improvement processes
We want to ensure that the service we give to our customers is at the same level of excellence as our products.
The goal of our after-market service is to better understand, meet and exceed individual expectations.
Our ultimate objective is to develop products and services that contribute to helping our customers focus on their core business: Flying.
In the past five years, Turbomeca has added 15 local TurboSupport Centers — notably three in the USA — a 24/7 network of three strategically located Technical Engineering centers, and a user's online MRO tracking Web service (T.O.O.L.S.). In the same period, the company expanded the number of its field representatives from 15 to 40.
Turbomeca serves 2,350 customers in 155 countries.
Turbomeca is part of the Propulsion branch of the SAFRAN Group, a high-technology group. Turbomeca also has one subsidiary: Microturbo, a specialist in turbo-reactors for missiles.
Thanks to Turbomeca's continuing investment in R&D, commitment to global service, and quality design and manufacturing facilities, Turbomeca helicopter engines are the choice of AgustaWestland, Eurocopter, HAL, Kamov and Sikorsky. Just connect to www.turbomeca.com to find out more!
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Related Resource
Visualizing ChemistrySpecial Product
A picture's worth a thousand words--and a thousand data points too. Nothing conveys information to the human eye like a picture. We're all accustomed to photographs, which are optical images stored either on plastic film or digitally, but what about things that can't be seen with the naked eye? For example, X-rays don't really "see" your bones, but rather they interact with your bones in such a way that produces an image, in this case, a kind of density map of your bones. Methods of creating a "chemical image" are now so sophisticated that we can track the individual location of atoms or molecules in a given sample--such as a chemical mixture, a cell, or
a silicon chip--and even how the atoms are moving and interacting within in the sample. As shown on this poster, chemical imaging is being used at the cutting edge of science and technology in many applications that improve our daily lives.


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ROCHESTER — The tears, the mud-caked uniform and the final score all told the story for Tyrone Scott.
The Spaulding High School senior halfback played in his first and last game of the season, scoring two touchdowns to lead the Red Raiders past Somersworth, 38-22, in the fifth annual Thanksgiving Day football game between the two schools on a muddy Hugo Bolin Field.
In fact, Tyrone Scott and his younger brother Trey accounted for four of Spaulding's five touchdowns. Both also ran for more than 100 yards as the Division II Red Raiders finished the 2012 campaign on a upbeat note at 3-8. D-V Somersworth's record was 8-3, which included losses in their final two games.
"It was very exciting," said an emotional Tyrone Scott, who was playing for the first time since breaking his arm, ironically, against Somersworth in a preseason scrimmage back in August. "For me, my family, my teammates, it was an amazing feeling."
Not so much for Somersworth, which led 20-13 early in the second quarter on the an 8-yard run by Kurtis Michaud. The Hilltoppers scored just two points the remainder of the game.
Spaulding, which leads the series 3-2, scored 25 of the final 27 points.
"They made some adjustments and put another guy in the box," said Somersworth coach Dan Hodsdon. "It worked for them. We really couldn't get enough offense going in the second half to keep up."
The Red Raiders took the lead for good 54 seconds after Michaud scored for Somersworth. Tyrone Scott broke loose for a 43-yard TD run and quarterback Sam Ouellette punched in the two-point conversion on a keeper and the Red Raiders had the lead for good, 21-20.
Spaulding led 24-20 at the half when kicker Mitchell Cyr booted a 23-yard field goal through the uprights as time expired. The Red Raiders drove the ball from their own 20 in four minutes after Seth Fogg's interception in the end zone halted a Somersworth threat that had advanced to the Spaulding 10.
The big play was a 31-yard run by Ouellette on fourth down that moved the ball from the Hilltoppers' 42 to the 11 with 7.6 seconds to play.
The Red Raiders widened the lead to 31-20 with the second possession of the second half. On third-and-3, Trey Scott broke loose down the right sideline, dashing 76 yards for six. Cyr's PAT made it 31-20.
Trey Scott carried the ball 12 times for 164 yards, and capped an all-state season with over 1,300 yards on the ground. Tyrone Scott added 128 yards on eight attempts.
For Somersworth, Josh Ream, also a 1,000-yard rusher, had 17 carries for 72 yards, followed closely by quarterback Drew Francoeur (20-71, 2 TDs) and Michaud (12-70, TD).
"It was tough to get going," Francoeur said. "We couldn't make cuts. It took us out of the game. They ground and pound the whole time. That's their plan. … I also felt like they wanted it more than us. First half we came out and played with good emotion. Second half we kind of came out dead and didn't play hard. It was tough."
Spaulding made a halftime adjustment that was able to slow down the Hilltopper running game, limiting them to two points over the game's final 34:50.
"We did a much better job stopping the run in the second half," said Spaulding coach Claude Gagnon, whose adjustment in the mud made it harder for the Hilltopper backs to fine traction and gain yardage.
Somersworth, on its next possession, drove the ball to the Spaulding 7 on 14 plays, but could not get the ball in the end zone.
Michaud then tackled Spaulding's Ouellette in the end zone for a safety, the first play of the fourth quarter, cutting the Spaulding lead to 31-22. The Hilltoppers received additional help when the Red Raiders kicked the ball out of bounds and Somersworth had the ball on Spaulding's 45. But it was an opportunity they let slip away, turning the ball over quickly on downs.
After Spaulding relinquished the ball again, Somersworth drove the ball into Spaulding territory but turned it over on downs again at the Red Raider 40.
This time, Spaulding put the game away.
"We got the fire on our bellies," Ouellette said. "We could not lose. We got angry enough where we could sustain our lead."
Tyrone Scott broke loose for a 53-yard gain to the Somersworth 7. Two more carries by the senior back and the ball was in the end zone and, with 4:30 to play, the game was over. Cyr's third PAT made it a 16-point game.
"I felt pretty good running the ball," Tyrone Scott said. "I got a little tired with those three long runs. That final TD was amazing, hearing everyone cheering my name and my coaches and teammates coming up to me and saying they missed me this season."
"That was probably the most amazing thing today," Ouellette added, "seeing him play and seeing him succeed."
Spaulding scored first on a 60-yard pass play from Ouellette to Trey Scott. Back-to-back 4-yard TD runs by Somersworth QB Francoeur put the 'Toppers up 13-7. Spaulding tied it back up at 11:43 of the second quarter on a 1-yard run by Tanner Daniels.
Somersworth answered 53 seconds later on Michaud's run to take its last lead.
Spaulding then went up for good 44 seconds later on Tyrone Scott's long TD scamper.
"It was a hard-fought game, but we couldn't stop the big plays," said Somersworth's Hodsdon. "Having Tyrone back was a big get for them. It was hard stopping those two brothers. Having (Tyrone) in the game gives them a different dimension. That would have made a difference for them this year, I think."
The two teams combined to score three TDs in a 1:37 span in the second quarter.
"We're not a bad football team," added Gagnon, whose team lost four D-II games by eight points or less. "Or record didn't indicate how good we were. We played every playoff team right to the end. We had our opportunities. We're just learning how to win right now. It was a good step today."
Spaulding, 38-22
Somersworth (8-3) 13 7 0 2 — 22
Spaulding (3-8) 7 17 7 7 — 38
Scoring: First quarter: Sp-Ouellette 60 pass to Tr. Scott (Cyr kick), 10:37; So-Francoeur 4 run (conversion failed), 8:01; So-Francoeur 4 run (Francoeur kick), 1:28;
Second quarter: Sp-Daniels 1 run (Kick failed), 11:43; So-Michaud 8 run (Francoeur kick), 10:40; Sp-Ty Scott 43 run (Ouellette run), 10:06; Sp-Cyr 23 field goal, :2.6;
Third quarter: Sp-Tr. Scott 76 run (Cyr kick), 7:10;
Fourth quarter: So-safety (Michaud tackles Ouellette in end zone), 11:53; Sp-Ty Scott 3 run (Cyr kick), 4:30
Passing: Sp-Ouellette, 2-8, 69 yards, TD; So-Francoeur 4-14, 86 yards, Int.
Rushing: Sp-Tr. Scott 12-164, Ty Scott 8-128, Ouellette 7-47; So-Ream 17-72, Francoeur 20-71, Michaud 12-70, Honaker 7-23.
Receiving: Sp-Tr. Scott 1-60, Melendez 1-9; So-Glore 2-47, Ream 2-39.
Turnovers: Sp-0, So-1.
Emotional win for Scotts, Spaulding
ROCHESTER — The tears, the mud-caked uniform and the final score all told the story for Tyrone Scott.


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Isley Nicole's Smart Investments
Isley Nicole: "In Hollywood there are 20 Halle Berry look-a-likes so you have to be more than a pretty face to survive in this cut-throat town. You'll be on a Greyhound bus back to Idaho before you know it.�
(Nicole says looks alone won't get you there).
Where She's From: Smart and beautiful, actress, writer, and film producer Isley Nicole was born in Ohio but raised in Chicago.
"What I learned from my parents is to always be a lady and respect myself and to never settle for less,� she tells The Black Star News. Isley Nicole attended football powerhouse Ohio State for a year before going to Beauty school and getting her license. She started acting classes a few years later and then moved to California.
Where She's At: Isley Nicole has been in several movies, television shows, and videos. She's also been featured on national and international commercials, print and runway. "I have touched everything but I'm now starting to get on another level, with producing my own films,� the proud actress says. "I'm so close, but yet so far away,� she says, noting her wonderful achievements, and the great potential that still await her.
Where She's Heading: "I would love to win an Oscar one day,� Isley Nicole says. She explains that there is no shortcut to success. "When people of power in the business see you still grinding and pursuing your goals they have no choice but to give you the chance you deserve,� she notes. "Perseverance pays off.� Perseverance and wisdom. Recently, the entrepreneurial side of her was on display when she her first piece of property.
She cautions those who want to pursue careers in entertainment: "In Hollywood there are 20 Halle Berry look-a-likes so you have to be more than a pretty face to survive in this cut-throat town. You'll be on a Greyhound bus back to Idaho before you know it.�
When it comes to taste, Isley Nicole loves Gucci and Fendi. "Other than that I shop at sample sales and get fly designer stuff before it hits the stores for way less,� she notes. "See? That's my brain at work!�
Isley Nicole has been in movies such as "The Wash" and "Choices." She's currently working on a project that she's producing and starring in called "The Hike" which should be finished by the summer of next year. "Also I will be in a movie called the Ben Wilson Story, which begins shooting next year,â€? she adds.Â
"At the end of the day when I look back at life one day, a sentence that describes my accomplishments would be 'Impossible, but GOD we did it!!'�
Isley Nicole's Words Of Wisdom: "You are as good as the chances you take. Also, listen sometime. Some people think they know it all and may miss valuable information by talking too much.�
Isley Nicole's Secrets Of Success: "Stay Humble.�
Isley Nicole's Favorite All Time Three Movies: Scarface, Lady Sings The Blues, and Funnygirl.
Isley Nicole's Favorite All Time Three Books: Conversations With God (1 and 2), The Alchemist, and Invisible Life.
First Three Things Isley Nicole Would Do As President: "Paint the White house BLACK, provide free medical care for everyone, and give reparations to ex-slaves' families.�
For more profiles please see the actors/models section. To be considered for inclusion in our profiles section please send your bio and hi resolution pictures to firstname.lastname@example.com.
We'll contact those whose information will be published—females and males in all professions are welcom. Make sure you include your words of wisdom and secrets to success.
To subscribe to New York's favorite Pan-African weekly investigative newspaper please click on "subscribe� on the homepage or call (212) 481-7745. For advertisements or to send us a news tip contact email@example.com "Speaking Truth To Empower,� is our motto.
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- Ann GarrisonFebruary 22,2018 @ 08:03 PM
I think you have "Filtered HTML" turned on here. If you switch to "Full HTML," it will probably...
googletag.pubads().definePassback('6785150/BENN/BlackStarNews', [[300,250]]).setTargeting('fold',['BTF']).display();


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Computer Tricks: Create a Background Grid
I'm one of those line-them-up kinds of scrapbookers. I rarely put elements on angles, and I prefer to have things looking organized on my page. Enter the grid. I found that I can actually use the Photoshop drawing tools to create a grid shape, print it onto my background cardstock, then measure and cut photos and patterned paper to fit my grid shapes.
One of our family's favorite simple pleasures is grabbing some cheeseburgers and heading to the park for a picnic. I snapped Elliott in action enjoying his cheeseburger and organized three of the photos in a five-space grid. Got a letter-sized printer? No worries! I printed this grid onto 8 1/2" x 11" paper, cut it down and mounted it to the patterned-paper background.
Check out my online tutorial for more information about creating a grid for your next layout.
Download some grid templates for free. Print a grid onto cardstock and use it on your next layout!
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Thank you for visiting SantaBarbaraYP.com (the "Website") and reviewing our Privacy Policy. Your privacy is important to us, and our policy is simple: we will collect no personally identifiable information about you when you visit the Website unless you choose to provide this information. This Privacy Policy does not describe information collection practices on other sites, including those linked to or from our Website.
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The server on which the Website is located collects and saves the default information customarily logged by web server software. Such information may include the date and time of your visit, the originating IP address, and the pages and images requested. We may also track other non-personal information about your visit, including the domain name and the name of the web page that directed you to SantaBarbaraYP.com and how much time you spend on each of our pages. This information is used to enhance and improve the performance and operation of our site and to add or manage new features and programs made available through this site.
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The Mikado
Time Out says
Jonathan Miller's production of 'The Mikado' returns to ENO in 2019. This review is from 2012.
English National Opera's twenty-sixth season of 'The Mikado' is back in time for Christmas. Much loved, it transfers Gilbert and Sullivan's topsy-turvy Japan to a cream-coloured cartoon country house in England. Designed by the late Stefanos Lazaridis, the set includes several hidden doors and Escher-like passages upstage where something funny – or naughty – is almost always going on behind the protagonists' backs.
Richard Angas plays the title role as a larger-than-life country squire. Bumbling through his domain, he applies himself to a sadistic statute book as if to a mildly diverting hobby. Lately, his law against flirting has wrongfooted Ko-Ko, a tailor, who is consigned to death row. While out on bail, though, Ko-Ko is elevated to the office of Lord High Executioner. Now he means to capitalise on this stroke of luck by wedding the beautiful Yum-Yum. She, however, is more inclined towards a mysterious wandering minstrel, Nanki-Poo. Meanwhile, the minstrel is fleeing unwanted attention from the frightful Katisha.
All this provides plenty of material for WS Gilbert's unique wit. Yum-Yum and Nanki-Poo get a counterfactual love duet – sung with sweet playfulness by Mary Bevan and Robert Murray – about the kiss they're not about to enjoy. Another highlight is a trio so hypothetical it requires lyrics in algebra and Ko-Ko's manic patter delivered by Richard Suart. Flitting between accents in an actorish way, Suart proves a resourceful comedian (though his 'little list' of candidates for execution was a tad slow and contrived).
For a comic opera, 'The Mikado' contains an awful lot of 'serious' music. Much of this, as the ENO Orchestra's sensitive playing under David Parry reminds us, is substantial stuff. But, coming between slapstick numbers, it can leave an audience feeling disorientated.
Fortunately, veteran director Jonathan Miller has some tricks up his sleeve. While Yvonne Howard sings 'The Hour of Gladness' with dark intensity, Miller has Katisha's chaffeur (David Newman) whip off his goggles to accompany on the piano with exaggerated gestures and much flopping of his white mane. This hilarious device expertly diffuses our unease – and there are plenty more. But Miller also knows when to leave well alone. Mary Bevan's warm-toned, perfectly controlled rendition of 'The Sun, Whose Rays' requires no comic foil.
|Event website:
|Event phone:
|0871 911 0200


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REAL ESTATE- ON THE BLOCK- Simple living: No-fuss informality on the outskirts
Address: 3144 Rolling Road
Neighborhood: Slate Hill in southern Albemarle
Asking: $224,900
Assessment: $205,300
Year Built: 2006
Size: 1,196 fin. sq. ft.
Land: 3.0 acres
Agent: Owner, Jill Walsh Owner 434-446-4930
Curb Appeal: 8 out of 10
The Scottsville address is a little deceptive since it's really off James Monroe Parkway, close to Monticello. Trees line the road on both sides, interrupted by an occasional mailbox. A nearby rooster signals country, but the agent stresses that it's only 8 miles– 15 minutes– from downtown.
The address comes with the benefits of being quiet but not too secluded. A long gravel driveway leads across the three-acre rectangular lot to the house with neighbors on either side. Front and back yards are extensive, flat with established trees. A front porch and back deck— as well as a mulched outdoor room-like area– expand the living space.
A fire pit and a bit of wilderness remind us we're in the country; perennial flowerbeds surround the house. There's no garage, but the backyard shed comes with a riding lawnmower.
Inside, the front door opens right into the living room where a vaulted ceiling expands the space. A corner fireplace adds a little warmth to the openness.
Cheerful paint colors from avocado, powder blue, and cocoa in the bedrooms to purple in the laundry room are welcoming and freshen up the otherwise standard rooms. Gleaming laminate floors also don't hurt. A basic kitchen with two long counters doesn't scream "gourmet," but it does offer ample space and storage for home cooking.
The kitchen and dining area are open to the living room– no formal dinner parties here. The place was clearly made for casual living without much fuss.
To the right of the living room, a good-size master suite has a walk-in closet and a long bathroom with double sinks. Two other bedrooms and a second bath flank the living room on the other side. Each bedroom is large enough to easily accommodate a full-size bed; they're all carpeted, and (who's surprised?) outfitted with the obligatory ceiling fan.
The split floor plan does provide some privacy between the master and the other bedrooms, not often possible in houses with everything on one level.
This house is built for simple, pared-down living– both storage and formality are in short supply. Crawl spaces below and above don't provide much room for extra stuff. While buyers looking in the county might expect more indoor space, this house is really all about the outdoors.
Relatively new construction (2006) means that the house is a turnkey property. While appliances and fixtures aren't top of the line, the owners have taken good care of the place: it's clean and ready for the next owner.
Each week, a brave local seller invites the Hook to provide an impartial, warts-and-all look at their real estate listing. E-mail yours today!


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GIOVE-B hydrogen atomic clock ticks through three years in orbit
Three years after ESA's Galileo prototype GIOVE-B reached orbit, the passive hydrogen maser at its heart is still ticking away as the most precise atomic clock ever flown in space for navigation – that is, until the first Galileo satellites join it later this year.
Launched by Soyuz rocket from Baikonur in Kazakhstan on 27 April 2008, GIOVE-B was ESA's second Galileo In-Orbit Validation Element satellite to fly. The first, GIOVE-A, made it to orbit on 28 December 2005.
The satellites had the same goals: secure the radio frequencies provisionally allocated to Europe's Galileo satnav system by the International Telecommunications Union, gather data on the radiation environment of medium Earth orbit, and validate key Galileo payloads in orbit.
"GIOVE-B has now been in orbit for 36 months, nine months more than its nominal lifetime," said Valter Alpe, overseeing GIOVE operations for ESA.
"Both satellites are still working well. GIOVE-A has reached 64 months in orbit. This longevity is partly due to an unusually mild solar cycle, but also reflects well on the operating margins built into their design.
"Most notably, GIOVE-B's passive hydrogen maser – Europe's main technological advance for Galileo – is still operating as precisely as planned. We haven't experienced any real surprises. As a result, much the same design is being used for the operational Galileo satellites."
GIOVE-B became the first navigation satellite to carry a passive hydrogen maser (PHM), accurate to one second in three million years, compared to an accuracy of three seconds in one million years for the smaller rubidium clocks first demonstrated on GIOVE-A. GIOVE-B also carries two rubidium clocks as back-up.
Operational Galileo satellites – starting with the first two In-Orbit Validation satellites due to launch this year by Soyuz from French Guiana – will carry two types of each clock, with the PHMs serving as the 'master clock'.
The PHM's resonating frequency at 1 420 405 752 Hz is essential to achieve the accuracy of Galileo services. A single nanosecond's error means a ranging error of 30 cm.
"At this level of accuracy, any changes in the surrounding environment could potentially affect the results," said Valter.
"So GIOVE-B has been carefully designed to maintain constant conditions – most particularly any temperature variation is limited to less than one-tenth of one degree."
This poses a particular challenge in Earth orbit, where the move from sunlight to shadow can plunge temperatures from +100° C to –150° C in an instant. GIOVE-B incorporates all standard thermal management tools, including multi-layer insulation, liquid-filled heat pipes that work like a closed-loop version of human sweat to transport away excess heat, radiators to dump it out into space and heaters to warm up areas that are getting too cold.
And the satellite itself also rotates on its axis as the Sun moves to keep the section of hull hosting the PHM in perpetual shadow.
Among GIOVE-B's other firsts, the satellite has also been used to practise the ranging capabilities of the Galileo Telemetry and Telecommand Stations.
In the same way that a ground receiver uses the travel time of Galileo signals to calculate its position, sensor stations do the same in reverse, using signal delay to pinpoint the orbits of Galileo satellites above them.
"GIOVE-B has helped qualify the Galileo deployed ground segment for this tracking," said Stefano Binda, Systems Performance Engineer for GIOVE.
"This capability is essential for the working of the Galileo system, as a means of predicting the spacecraft orbit and timely contacting of it to upload freshly-computed navigation correction messages."


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Vrob necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 94 diseños de 36 diseñadores freelance.
EDIT: Please see CH comments in "discussion" section below...thanks!
High-end engineering firm needs a new logo that will set them apart as top-tier. I will give feedback and answer any questions asap.
Adobe Illustrator-vector art to combine visual of bridge with some sweet typography on the letters ORE. Think sleek, high-end and creative, not just thrown together. Also needs to be recognizable instantly as a bridge or lines indicating part of a bridge cabling, yet still be abstract and sleek. It's a balance, so let me know if you have questions.
Anyone who can figure out how to add the cabling or engineering part to the example that's the 1st comment below is also going to be welcome as well as the new concepts.
Here's a lightbox I made at istock: http://www.istockphoto.com/file_sea…ID=3795054
I just purchased the goldengate bridge file, so if you want it, just PM me. I also like the clip art ideas in there if you're looking for inspiration.
This is part of an overall branding project. The company provides highly trained civil engineers to companies needing technical, specific expertise. They're experienced and very busy already and need a top-notch brand to go with the company.
*Please read the WANTS list and the 1st comment for a high-quality logo example we like*
Company name: ORE Optimum Resource Engineering
Slogan: "building technological bridges"
Design focus: bridge image/concept with cables or lines. I like lines, straight or curved. Possibly another visual but only if you feel it strongly projects the image of engineering. HAS to have the bridge and cables (lines), though.
Looking for vector image of bridge to go with initials ORE. Not too abstract but not photographically concrete either. I'm mostly interested in the visual of the bridge design with excellent text treatment of ORE. The company name and slogan can be added later by us or as part of another contest.
This has to be print-ready as it will be put on all kinds of things including the usual business cards and letterhead and checks.
- Just the initials ORE, possibly add "building technological bridges" but not necessary and will be added later
- BRIDGE concept to convey slogan and strong engineering emphasis. Somewhere between totally abstract swoosh and concrete photorealism of bridge. Possibly a swoosh with curved lines for cables but whatever you can come up with
- Strong classic but highly creative
- Possibly black-on-white for part? Like gradients too...
- Layered file that is print-ready and will look great on a wide variety of applications. Needs to be practial as well as eye-catching.
- See the 1st comment for the example. We like how the swoosh "bridges" the letter O. Just want you to think about using the bridge or lines to create a visual message
- Soft colors, blue. Go with black/white, or maybe classic burgundy/tan can vary from these but trying to give you an idea.Let me know if there are any other questions!
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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National Climate Report - April 2007
Maps and Graphics:
|Most Recent 3 Months
|Most Recent 6 Months
|Most Recent 12 Months
|US Percent Area Very Wet/Dry/Warm/Cold
|Annual Summary for 2006
PLEASE NOTE: All temperature and precipitation ranks and values are based on preliminary data. The ranks will change when the final data are processed, but will not be replaced on these pages. Once available, graphics based on final data will be provided on the Climate Monitoring Products page.
For graphics covering periods other than those mentioned above or for tables of national, regional, and statewide data from 1895-present, for March, last 3 months or other periods, please go to the Climate At A Glance page.
National Overview:
Monthly and Seasonal Highlights:
|Contiguous U.S.:
See NCDC's Monthly
Extremes web-page for weather and climate records for the month
of April.
Citing This Report
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, State of the Climate: National Climate Report for April 2007, published online May 2007, retrieved on February 24, 2020 from https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/200704.


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The spectacular C60 Sports Cabriolet "Marilee" would look very much at home in any of the glamorous European ports along the Mediterranean coast. And its long list of luxury appointments make it ideal for love of sun and sea. From the sleek hardtop with its electronic sliding glass run-roof right down to the hydraulic transom garage door near the waterline - features that must been seen to be believed.
The unique design elements that have become synonymous with Maritimo's craftsmanship have all been incorporated in the C60 Sports Cabriolet. To take in the view in this 4 stateroom yacht, salon seating is lofted and positioned forward. Driving and docking is made easy thanks to 360 degree visibility at the helm. And with the galley, bar, salon and cockpit all on one level, nobody gets left out of the conversation when you're entertaining.
It's one thing to look great tied up at the dock, but it's at sea that a C60's true value is revealed. That's when you discover how much the vessel's ride contributes to the sheer pleasure of cruising. Designed with an advanced variable deadrise hull, the Maritimo's engines are mounted forward to provide better weight distribution and a more efficient prop shaft angle of just 9 degrees. The sense of poise and balance this brings not only enhances performance, it also provides superior safety and exceptional fuel efficiency. So while others cling to the security of the shoreline, the C60 provides confidence for real long-range enjoyment.