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* Any views expressed in this opinion piece are those of the author and not of Thomson Reuters Foundation.Global maps showing hidden hunger hot spots can help combat micronutrient deficiencies, prevent disease and death, improve health and help economic growth and development
Stunted growth, both physical and mental. A higher chance of dying from infectious diseases. Diminished work productivity in adulthood. These are the consequences of hidden hunger, an urgent public health problem that affects two billion people worldwide and seriously hinders economic development.
Hidden hunger is a chronic lack of essential vitamins and minerals (micronutrients). In developing countries, multiple micronutrient deficiencies often occur at the same time, straining healthcare systems and hobbling economies. Iron deficiency anaemia, zinc and vitamin A deficiencies rank among the 15 leading causes of disease, costing $180 billion each year.
Fortunately, there are proven, low-cost, high-impact solutions that reduce hidden hunger, such as food fortification and micronutrient supplementation.
The new Lancet Series on Maternal and Child Nutrition, published in June, named 10 interventions that together have the ability to save nearly a million lives each year. Of the 10 interventions, half of them were micronutrient interventions. Since iron and calcium deficiencies contribute substantially to maternal deaths, the series called for maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation and calcium supplementation as key interventions that can save 102,000 lives per year as part of a package of interventions during pregnancy, which also includes universal salt iodisation. Another 145,000 lives could be saved through vitamin A and zinc supplementation for children.
The series also called for better data on micronutrient deficiencies. Where do they occur? Where should countries and partners prioritise interventions? Despite all our knowledge, we still need more data on micronutrient deficiency prevalence at the national and local levels in order for policymakers and partners to make evidence-based policy and programme decisions.
Recognising this need to expand the evidence base, Sight and Life, with the input of leading scientists, academics and decision-makers from a range of global institutions, developed the Hidden Hunger Index maps, which highlight global hidden hunger hot spots and provide a ranked index of affected countries. The maps show, for the first time, the combined prevalence in preschool children of multiple micronutrient deficiencies: vitamin A, zinc and iron, as well as iodine. The hidden hunger maps and indices are part of Vitamins in Motion, a Sight and Life effort to highlight the critical role vitamins play in overall nutrition and health and advocate for increased access to micronutrients.
The index found that hidden hunger hot spots exist in sub-Saharan Africa, India and Afghanistan and are severe in many countries in South-Central/South-East Asia. Most South American countries only had a mild-to-moderate degree of hidden hunger. In most of the 20 countries with the highest Hidden Hunger Index scores, 40 percent of preschool children were estimated to be stunted, more than 30 percent were anaemic due to iron deficiency and more than half were vitamin A deficient.
A high Hidden Hunger Index score was strongly correlated with a low Human Development Index score (a composite measure of three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, education and standard of living), and vice versa. This highlights the importance of addressing hidden hunger in order to accelerate development and give children a chance to develop to their full potential.
Our hope is that, for the global health and development community, the Hidden Hunger Index will provide the kind of evidence it needs to know where to focus national strategies and programmes, and on which micronutrients. For countries, donors and partners working to scale up nutrition, such as those involved in the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement, the Hidden Hunger Index offers an opportunity to develop a unified approach targeting the alleviation of hidden hunger.
We've made tremendous progress in tackling hidden hunger. In 1999, only 16 percent of children were receiving the necessary two annual doses of vitamin A; by 2011, that figure had leapt to 75 percent – and it even exceeds 80 percent in many of the least developed countries. Scientific studies show that vitamin A capsule distribution on average results in a 24 percent reduction in under-five child deaths. Through universal salt iodisation, major progress has been made in combating iodine deficiency, the world's leading cause of mental retardation and brain damage. Between 2003 and 2011, the number of countries with populations suffering mild to severe iodine deficiency fell from 54 to 32.
In these areas where we've made significant progress, we must continue to invest in scaling up these proven interventions – or we risk backsliding. And in areas where we have yet to see the impact we would like, such as in addressing iron-deficiency anaemia, we must re-double our efforts.
As the recent London Nutrition for Growth summit demonstrated – raising $4.15 billion to scale up nutrition – there is currently an unprecedented level of global political will to prioritise nutrition, now recognised as central to development. And yet, in order to translate these commitments into action and improve nutrition, governments and partners need tools that enable to make informed policy and programme decisions.
The Hidden Hunger Index is one of those tools. And I hope it's a tool we put to use.
Klaus Kraemer, Ph.D. is the director of Sight and Life, a nutrition think-tank and humanitarian initiative of DSM, a global science-based company active in health, nutrition and materials. Sight and Life cares about the world's most vulnerable populations and believes that the right mix of funding, knowledge, technology and policy will lead to better nutrition and health. As such, Sight and Life works through advocacy and thought leadership to address societal changes affecting nutrition. Sight and Life and DSM are currently leading Vitamins in Motion, an initiative to advance worldwide health and economic development through increased access to the essential vitamins all people need to be healthy and well-nourished.
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.


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Friday, February 08, 2013
Sports News
Tanguay's OT goal wins it for Flames, 4-3
Send a link to a friend
[February 08, 2013]
COLUMBUS, Ohio
(AP) -- Alex Tanguay scored on a one-timer 1:07 into overtime to lead the Calgary Flames past the Columbus Blue Jackets 4-3 on Thursday night in a battle of Western Conference cellar-dwellers.
Shortly after Columbus threatened on two shots by Fedor Tyutin, the Flames had an odd-man rush and Jarome Iginla saucered a cross-ice setup to Tanguay, who unloaded from the right dot.
Roman Cervenka, Mikael Backlund and Lee Stempniak scored for the Flames, who won their second in a row. Jiri Hudler and T.J. Brodie each had two assists.
Mark Letestu had a goal and two assists for the first three-point game of his 145-career, while Vinny Prospal had a goal and an assist and Matt Calvert also scored for the Blue Jackets.
The teams came into the game with the fewest points in the Western Conference, Calgary (2-3-2) last with six and Columbus (3-6-1) 14th with seven.
The Flames were without two of their top players. Goalie Miikka Kiprusoff is listed as day to day with a leg injury. Center Mike Cammalleri, tied for the team lead in assists with five, was a game-time decision with an undisclosed injury.
Leland Irving took Kiprusoff's place in net in just his ninth NHL game -- and recorded his second career victory while making 26 saves.
Tanguay extended his points streak to seven games in a row, during which he has four goals and five assists.
Tied at 2 heading into the third period, the Flames carried over their domination from the second.
With 4 seconds left in a power play, Stempniak notched his fourth. He was racing along the right wing with the puck when he let go of a hard, rising slap shot that eluded Bobrovsky. Irving picked up an assist on the goal.
The Blue Jackets countered with 9 minutes left in regulation when Letestu forced a turnover with a check in the neutral zone and carried the puck into the offensive zone. He left a drop pass for Prospal, who found the net with a one-timer from just outside the left hash mark to tie it again.
Irving got enough of Tyutin's hard shot early in the overtime to send it high into the air and behind the cage. Tyutin was then wide on a shot off a backdoor pass
-- with the Flames taking advantage at the other end almost immediately.
Down a goal heading into the second, the Flames kept the puck in their offensive zone for long stretches of the period. They finally got the tying goal when T.J. Brodie's blast from the top of the left circle resulted in a big rebound off of Sergei Bobrovsky, with Backlund there to clean up for his fourth of the year
-- and the 50th point of his career.
[to top of second column]
The teams traded goals in a 25-second span of the opening period.
Dennis Wideman unleashed a hard, low shot from the blue line directly in front of the Blue Jackets' bench that Cervenka got a stick on, the puck rising to beat Bobrovsky, who had 26 saves.
Before Wideman's first goal of the year could be announced, Calvert carried the puck from the left boards after it was chopped out by Prospal. Shadowed by defenseman Mark Giordano, Calvert got off a wrister from the middle of the left circle that beat Irving on the stick side.
After Tanguay was sent to the penalty box for interference, the Blue Jackets
-- just 24th in the NHL with a man advantage -- took the lead.
Derick Brassard set up Letestu with a tape-to-tape pass through the high slot. Letestu's one-timer, just inside the near post before Irving could slide across, was his fourth of the season to tie him for the team lead.
Bobrovsky, who sat out the last two games while Steve Mason was in net, made several outstanding stops in the first period. In the opening minute he gloved a hard shot by Iginla. He stopped Cervenka on another shot while sitting on the ice. Near the end of the period, he twice grabbed redirects, one by Hudler and another off a blast by Wideman that appeared to hit Iginla.
Bobrovsky also got a break or two. He almost kicked in a shot by Tanguay on a power play early in the second, but the puck went off the post.
NOTES: The last three meetings had gone to a shootout with the visiting team winning each. ... Irving was making his first start since March 16, 2012, a 3-1 loss to Edmonton. His first and only NHL win came on Dec. 23, 2011, a 3-1 win in Vancouver. ... Extending points streaks for Columbus were Brassard (2-2-4) in four games and Letestu (2-3-5) in three. ... Calgary improved to 8-14-1 in Nationwide Arena.
Press; By RUSTY MILLER]
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Copyright 2013 The Associated
Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published,
broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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"Have you ever done anything with peanut butter and bananas?" Erin asked me. And I had to answer no. Peanut butter? Sure thing. Bananas? You bet. But together? Not so much. And that admission turned into something of a small obsession: I had to try this right now.
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|Town Hall Sulz


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Tiger1996 wrote:Those who are insane, are these 'things' of which kept up with spreading such bugs for nothing except some trolling purposes.
U caused time wasting for the devs as they had to fix that mess now...
But funny how u r being so kind and just chilling out now!
Ah sorry I thought you meant that army and me are the same persons thatswhy I had to laugh here in front of my PC and I thought u were insane


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BRISTOL, Tenn. – Head coach Simon Duffy has announced that the women's soccer program will be hosting a Winter Skills camp on Saturday, February 8. Players from the ages of 12-18 are encouraged to participate in the camp that will run from 9:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
The camp will include a pair of sessions, as well as meetings with the parents and players and a tour of the King University campus. It will also provide an opportunity for local and regional players to showcase their talents while also learning new technical and tactical skills.
To register for the Winter Skills Camp, contact women's soccer assistant coach Danny McBride at firstname.lastname@example.com. The registration fee for the camp is $60.
"This camp was definitely a success for us last year," Duffy said. "Two of our 2014 incoming freshmen were identified at this camp last February and we hope that this trend will continue"
Schedule for the Camp:
9:00 a.m. - 10:00 a.m.: Registration in the Student Center Complex
10:00 a.m. - 10:15 a.m.: Parent and player meeting/ Presentation
10:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.: Session 1 - Game Field
12:00 p.m. - 1:00 p.m.: Lunch (not provided) - You may bring lunch or leave with parents to eat nearby.
1:00 p.m. - 2:00 p.m.: Campus Tour & College/Recruitment Q & A.
2:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.: Session 2 – Game field
4:00 p.m. - 4:30 p.m.: Camp Wrap up- Game field
+ Parents & Families may be present at both sessions and/or during the campus tour. We would encourage parents to attend the College/Recruitment Q&A.
Camp Cost: $60
For a camp application please email assistant coach Danny McBride at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Ironman 70.3 Maceio – Maceio, Brazil
Maceió, the capital of Alagoas, is located in Brazil's northeast. This splendid venue has an elegant coastal ambiance and stands out for its beauty, dotted with palm trees, mangroves, and lined by the the emerald sea. The remarkable local culture is reflected in its arts and crafts, cuisine, and customs. Maceió earned the nickname "Water Paradise," for its famous coastline with pristine waters and amazing beaches.
The IRONMAN 70.3 Maceió course will lead athletes through a 1.2-mile swim, 56-mile bike and 13.1-mile run through the city of Maceió. The race will start with a one-lap swim at Pajuçara Beach. The two-loop bike course will treat athletes to an amazing landscape, including views of the Atlantic Ocean. The two-loop run will take athletes along the water at Pajuçara Beach.


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Snoop Dogg
Snoop Dogg is now a hockey player in NHL 20
Rapper Snoop Dogg is now a commentator and playable character in NHL 20.
Snoop Dogg headlines
Metarama Gaming + Music Festival to feature Snoop Dogg, Ninja, Shaquille O'Neal, more
Details for the inaugural Metarama Gaming + Music Festival have been released, and the lineup is a rather impressive mix.
Snoop Dogg stops by today's Battlefield 1 livestream for the 64-player Battle of Amiens
The second Battlefield 1 livestream kicks off later today with a rather special guest.
Xbox Live issues prompt Snoop Dogg to tell Xbox to fix its shit
Xbox Live went down, and Snoop Dogg couldn't play Madden. Will he jump ship for Sony?
Call of Duty: Ghosts DLC adds Snoop Dogg announcer option
Hip hop legend Snoop Dogg stars in a new Call of Duty: Ghosts multiplayer announcer DLC pack, bringing his famous vocals to the shooter.
Way of the Dogg trailer narrated by Snoop himself
Way of the Dogg, Snoop Dogg's new rhythm action game, is available now. The hip hop legend introduces the game's mechanics and story through the break.
Way of the Dogg due for digital release in April
Snoop Dogg has teamed up with 505 Games to deliver a rhythm action fighting game, due next month.
Tekken Tag 2: Harada explains Snoop Dogg's involvement
Tekken Tag Tournament 2 is on the horizon, and game director Katsuhiro Harada has shed light on how the team got Snoop Dogg involved to write some original music for the game. Meanwhile, fans have reportedly uncovered six secret characters on the Tekken Tag 2 disc. Find out who they could be here.
EG interviews Snoop Dogg, wins E3
This wins E3. EG's Rob 'Bertie' Purchase interviewed Snoop Dogg at the show after Namco announced a collaboration with the rapper in Tekken Tag Tournament 2. Words are not required for this: just watch and bawl your eyes out in laughter for the next four minutes here. Pack it up, guys: no other interview will […]
Snoop Dogg to feature in Tekken Tag Tournament 2
This is a story I'd never thought I'd be writing at all, let alone E3 week: Namco Bandai's announced Snoop Dogg will feature in Tekken Tag Tournament with a themed bonus stage and an original song for the soundtrack.
Wednesday shorts: StarCraft II, BF3, Snoop and RAGE
You need to be shortfied. Do it after the break.
Snoop coming to Rock Band next week
Snoop Dogg is to become the first hip hop artist to have tracks on Rock Band next week.
Snoop Dogg heading to Rock Band
Snoop Dogg is to release some of his original songs on Rock Band. Seriously, no joke. No dates, content, or pricing are mentioned in the press release, but just knowing that soon you'll be able to "bow wow wow yippee yo yipee yay" in your living room to Rock Band is enough. Full thing after […]
Snoop Dogg latest
Metarama Gaming + Music Festival to feature Snoop Dogg, Ninja, Shaquille O'Neal, more
Snoop Dogg stops by today's Battlefield 1 livestream for the 64-player Battle of Amiens
Xbox Live issues prompt Snoop Dogg to tell Xbox to fix its shit


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Colorado Supreme Court rejects poker case
Colorado poker fans have just been dealt a losing hand.
The Colorado Supreme Court will not review a lower court's decision that poker is considered gambling under state law. The high court issued its rejection March 22 without comment.
The case stems from the Colorado Bureau of Investigation's 2008 probe of a $20 buy-in Texas Hold'em tournament in Greeley.
Five organizers of the tournament were arrested and charged with illegal gambling, which occurs when a game has a buy-in and a payout and the outcome is determined predominantly by chance, or luck. There are exceptions, such as if everyone involved has a "bona fide" social relationship.
Poker supporters contend that the popular card game shouldn't be considered gambling because it requires more skill than luck.
In January 2009, a county court jury acquitted the first defendant to go to trial, Kevin Raley, and charges against the others were subsequently dropped. During trial, the Windsor resident called an expert – University of Denver professor Bob Hannum – to testify that poker is a game of skill.
Raley also presented evidence that players in the tournament had a social relationship. Jurors didn't state a reason for the not-guilty verdict, so it's unclear which argument swayed them.
Even though Raley won't be retried, the state appealed to the district court the ruling that allowed Hannum to testify, seeking to clarify Colorado's gambling laws in regard to poker for future prosecutions.
Last August, Weld County District Court Judge James Hartmann ruled that the county court judge erred in allowing Hannum to testify because poker is already considered gambling under Colorado law.
Raley, with support from the Poker Players Alliance, an advocacy group, then asked the state Supreme Court to review the case.


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Naruto is an awesome show that I used to watch almost everyday. Even though I watch the show less, I still have Naruto posters on my walls. I have submitted almost all the Naruto characters (the main characters anyway), and I thought I would fill a request on a particular character that we don't have here at DragoArt.com. So in light of that I will be showing you "how to draw Rock Lee, step by step
DragoArt members upload artwork and drawing tutorials! They are also allowed to leave comments on tutorials, profiles, etc. Many more features, as well; it's way better than just being a boring guest! Register Now!


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FAIRMONT - Tuesday was the first day on the job for Fairmont Municipal Airport's interim managers.
Four men stepped forward to fill the gap left by the termination of the city's contract with Five Lakes Aviation. Comprising the team is lead manager Mark Craven, Verlus Burkhart, Dennis Thate and Homer Scott.
Craven, a farmer, has a wide scope of experience in aviation, as a flight instructor, corporate pilot for Dr. Corey Welchlin, and private pilot. Together with Scott, Craven even built an airplane.
Scott, also a farmer in the Dunnell area, has a similar resume. He is the only one of the four who does not live in Fairmont. Scott got his pilot's license in 1975. He offers flight instruction and flies professionally for Welchlin and Kahler Automation, and as a hobby. In the past, he was a pilot with United Express.
Burkhart got his pilot's license in 1968 and has been flying private planes ever since. He currently owns a Cessna 150 and TriPacer.
Thate, too, has been flying since 1968. He has his own plane and private strip.
"I'm here to help the airport get something new established for future growth," he said.
The team's management role at the facility is part-time and temporary, until a new city employee can be hired as airport manager. As temporary part-time employees, the interim managers can only work for the city for 57 days.
From 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Friday, the four interim workers will take turns making sure operations are running smoothly. Their responsibilities range from figuring out what office supplies and tools are needed, to refueling and moving airplanes, to making sure all airport equipment is in proper working order and the runways are clear.
"We're gonna do the best we can to keep this airport running and make it a place people want to stop," Burkhart said.
The city is now in charge of groundskeeping, hangar leases and rent, and contracts for aviation fuel.
In the past, all of these duties were the responsibility of Five Lakes Aviation. By hiring a city employee to manage the airport, Fairmont City Council hopes to have better control of the facility.
"I think it's going to be a better airport," Thate said.
"Just making the general appearance look better is going to be nice," Burkhart added.
He and his colleagues are hopeful the new management model the city is adopting - nixing a contracted manager in favor of a city-employed manager - will work, but time will tell. If the arrangement doesn't work, city leaders have noted it is not set in stone.
"It's up in the air how the pieces will fit together," Scott said.
The posting for the new job ended Monday, and there were 37 applications submitted, according to city administrator Mike Humpal counted
"It's better than I thought we would get," Humpal said. "I worked on identifying this new management style through Owatonna and South St. Paul, and both thought there would be plenty of applicants. That's from all over the country and local."
The interim managers are not eligible to apply for the position.
Story and Photo: http://www.fairmontsentinel.com
Wednesday, October 02, 2013
Interim managers step up: Fairmont Municipal Airport (KFRM), Minnesota
Posted by Kathryn on 10/02/2013
Labels: Airports
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text: Warning: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead in [path]/includes/class_bootstrap.php(430) : eval()'d code on line 110Warning: Declaration of vB_ProfileBlock_Blog::block_is_enabled() should be compatible with vB_ProfileBlock::block_is_enabled($id) in [path]/includes/class_profileblock_blog.php on line 0 View Profile: staurthill - Samurais SEO - Internet Marketing Forum Register Help Remember Me? Forum New Posts FAQ Calendar Forum Actions Mark Forums Read Quick Links View Site Leaders Blogs Market Place Forum RULES Banner Ad TOP SamuraisSEO Topics Advanced Search If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. Member List staurthill staurthill Member Find latest posts Find latest started threads View Blog Entries Mini Statistics Join Date 09-04-2012 Last Activity 12-26-2018 02:12 PM Blog Entries 0 Avatar Recent Visitors This page has had 3,030 visits Tab Content Feedback Score staurthill's Activity About Me Tab Content All staurthill Friends Photos New Activity () Older Activity More Activity No More Results About staurthill Basic Information About staurthill Location: USA Statistics Total Posts Total Posts 54 Posts Per Day 0.02 Total Thanks Total Thanks 0 Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts General Information Last Activity 12-26-2018 02:12 PM Join Date 09-04-2012 Referrals 0 iTrader Profile Recent Ratings Feedback Score:Positive Feedback: 00% Members who left positive:Members who left negative: 00 Total positive feedback: 0 Submit Feedback For staurthillView Complete Feedbacks for staurthill PastMonth Past6 Months Past12 Months 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- Default Style -- Default Mobile Style Contact Us Samurais SEO - Internet Marketing Forum Archive Tags Top All times are GMT. The time now is 08:57 AM. Powered by vBulletin® Version 4.2.0 Copyright © 2020 vBulletin Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved. 1 add-ons Copyright © 2020 LancerForHire, LLC.


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Simplifying travel for Smart Travellers. At UNIGLOBE Travel, our goal is to ensure that you have access to everything you need for well-planned and cost effective trips.Enquire Online
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Reeling with the aftermath of the electronics ban on your next long-haul to the States or the UK? Wondering how will you ever survive that 20-hour flight without your laptop or tablet? Instead of being miserable on that flight, catch up on work and entertainment with these tips from UNIGLOBE experts.
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The analog option: Go for a smart notebook with the conventional pen-and-paper setup that allows you to save notes and memos to the cloud.
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The digital option: All those articles you bookmarked for future reading but never really got around, now is the time to put them to use. Apps such as Instapaper and Pocket help you migrate over all that good content. You can even throw in some podcasts you had saved for later. In case you like brain games, you might want to supplement your entertainment artillery with a few offline crossword and chess applications.
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Play anytime, anywhere - against all Catan players worldwide. On a PC or a Mac (via browser or client), on mobil devices (iOS and Android), at home or on the road - the Catan universe is growing together.
Settle on the island of Catan, sail your ships to new shores in the Seafarers expansion, protect Catan from the barbarian invasion in Cities and Knights, or conquer the jungle with "Rise of the Inkas". Every scenario offers new challenges and requires new tactics. Furthermore, the card game Rivals for Catan provides an extra 2-player challenge!
Play according to the original board game rules - trade, build, and settle. Explore and settle the island and become Lord of Catan! Find more about the board game on catan.com.
Join guilds uniting players from all around the world. Compete in seasons and tournaments either for your guild or for your own glory. Chat with friends and fellow players - and create your own avatar in the game.


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Laurie Mohr
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Thursday, June 10, 2010
Crazy writers?
In my time as an editor, freelancer and person that people try to show things to*, I've seen a lot of amateur writing. I've also read plenty of reviews and discussions of books, and there's a comment that comes up not infrequently when discussing bad work:
I wonder if this writer is mentally ill?
A writer whose main character is relentlessly Mary Sue-ish gets accused of narcissistic personality disorder; a writer who shows no compassion for their characters gets accused of sociopathy; a writer who creates a bizarrely hostile world gets accused of paranoid schizophrenia, and so on.
Is this a legitimate thing to do? Well, sometimes, perhaps. But there's a line to draw.
The first principle is a common sense one: some mental disorders are uncommon. The statistical likelihood of anyone having a rare disorder is low. Writing talent is also statistically uncommon, so put together the odds of having a rare mental disorder and a rare level of literary ability, and you're looking at some long odds. Most mental disorders are also disabling to varying degrees, while writing requires an ability to sustain concentration, plan for the future and keep one's thoughts in order, so a really serious mental illness is very unlikely. Antonia White might have written about her experiences in Bethlem Hospital later on, but while she was in there she couldn't do very much beyond rave and struggle.
Some mental disorders, of course, are extremely common, depression being at the top of the list. Plenty of writers have experience of depression, because plenty of people have experience of depression - besides which, writing tends to be a high-stress and low-income profession where you have limited control over your fate, all of which can exacerbate any natural depressive tendencies: strain someone's nerves, and sometimes they break. Wonder whether a writer has been depressed and you may well be on solid ground - and indeed, depression involves certain mental habits that can become very familiar once you've experienced them close up. Stephen Fry showed tremendous personal courage in outing himself as a sufferer of bipolar disorder, but, with no disrespect to him as a writer, I could have guessed he'd suffered some kind of depressive illness just from reading The Stars' Tennis Balls. Couldn't necessarily have identified the manic part, but the basic depressive disorder? I'd have been pretty sure.
It tends not to be depression that writers get accused of - because mental illness usually is an accusation in these contexts; the question is generally, 'What on earth is wrong with this person to write such terrible books?!' Asking the question, in fact, tends to be a sign of two things: first, the asker is absolutely out of patience with the writer, and second, the asker is unlikely to have suffered from, or been close to someone suffering from, an actual mental illness. Speculating about a writer's psychology can make reading all the more interesting, but having seen mental illness up close I'm very much of the opinion that it's not a concept one should chuck about as a way of expressing contempt for someone's failings - and people who've seen the damage it can wreak are generally more cautious, and more compassionate, about wondering whether somebody has it.
These considerations aside, there's also another reason why it can lead you astray to wonder what made a writer crazy enough to write such rubbish. It's this, which I propose as Whitfield's Rule of Sanity:
Below a certain standard in a work of fiction, it can be difficult to distinguish lack of talent from lack of sanity.
The way it works is this. A writer creates a fictional world; even if it is governed by all the same laws of science, history and society that govern the real one, their world is created entirely by the words of their story and entirely made-up. There is no reality in a fictional world except whatever illusions of reality the author can conjure. A story isn't reality: it's a facsimile of reality.
How accurate a facsimile that is depends on the talent of the author.
And here's the thing about mental illnesses: though they vary widely, what most of them have in common is that they tend to create, in the sufferer, an inaccurate view of reality.
We draw our conclusions, but mental illness gums up the works. It's correct that MI5 exists; it's incorrect to conclude that they're spying on you as you go about your daily chores. It's correct that we live in a society that values thin women; it's incorrect to conclude that you're grossly ugly when your weight rises above seven stone. Even with the 'common cold of psychiatry', depression, it may be correct that you forgot an item on the shopping list but it's incorrect to conclude that you're a contemptible person who can't even get the simplest thing right. (You'll note that all these conclusions are painful and frightening ones. Mental illness hurts like hell.) The ideas are there, but they don't actually link up by any process that would convince a neutral bystander. The conclusions are not supported by the evidence.
Now consider the work of a really bad writer. Unless you've worked in publishing and read the slush pile, it's possible you've never encountered the work of a really bad writer, because trust me, even the worst dreck that sees publication is far above the standard of the average slush pile submission. But picture a bad book, anyway. What's it like? We're told that the villain hates the hero, but we're not given any reason why this might be the case. We're told that the heroine is extremely charming, but based on how she behaves in every interaction, this does not seem to be the correct interpretation of her behaviour. We're told that everybody in the world is a no-good snake, but why we're supposed to accept this is something of a mystery. In short, what the book asks us to accept is not supported by the evidence.
What we're looking at, in fact, is a book suffering the same frailties of connection that one encounters in an afflicted mind: a book that is ill. It doesn't perceive reality accurately. The world in it is lopsided. To see as the book sees, one would have to be out of one's mind.
But does this mean that the author is insane? Well, ask yourself this: if an inept draftsman creates a picture of a man whose head is too small and whose right hand is half the length it should be, does that mean the draftsman actually believes we live in a world full of tiny-headed, bob-handed people? No; all it means is that the draftsman isn't very good at reproducing the reality he or she sees. And the same attains to writing. Writing is pretty difficult, reality is massively complicated, and even a moderately accurate reproduction of it is hard to manage. Get it wrong, and you've created a weird facsimile of reality that sounds, well, crazy.
Human beings are, after all, highly attuned to perceiving reality - one reason why it's so devastating when something afflicts our perception of it - and particularly attuned to other human beings. The well-known 'uncanny valley' effect is an example of this: present us with a face that looks almost exactly like a human one but not quite, and we don't feel mildly sceptical: we feel a primal, visceral recoil: we feel afraid. We judge faked reality with an extremely precise eye, and we react very badly when it seems wrong. When approximating reality in fiction, a writer is up against an intense and deep-rooted instinct to identify and reject the false. 'Nobody talks like that'; 'People don't act that way'; 'That's not how someone would think': these are the basic recognition responses of a reader whose eye to reality is always assessing as well as responsive. It's amazing anyone gets past it.
The reason we do is probably that we're also a species heavily dependent on the use of language. Anyone who says anything is creating some kind of facsimile of reality: 'There are antelope to the west' is a sentence, not a herd of antelope, and if we freaked out too badly about the disparity between the word and the thing we'd have all starved to death millenia ago. A degree of simplification, a degree of stylisation: we have a natural tolerance for these - which is probably why, in turn, we're more prepared to accept implausible realities from a writer whose language and world is stylised, because we know to adapt our expectations. The world of Robert E. Howard or Samuel Beckett is a pretty far cry from the one we inhabit, but they manage in their different ways to keep us far away from literal likeness that we aren't too disturbed. And there are lots of ways to do it. Howard uses rhythm and rhetoric; Beckett uses starkness and simplicity. Other writers find their own ways. But if an Alan Bennett character suddenly looked up from his teacup and started talking like Lucky or Conan, we'd get a pretty big shock.
There are limits to what our brains will tolerate, though. And those limits are pretty harsh. Aesthetics are a fairly big element of it: a crude facsimile of reality will fly as long as it remains consistent with itself and pleasing to the ear - but let it lose any of that elegantly cadenced use of language and you wind up with The Eye of Argon or any of the goshawful post-Beckett student plays I had to sit through as an undergraduate. We like pretty patterns, in language as well as in design, and will accept a great deal more from a pretty paragraph than we will from an ugly one.
And the further we get from stylisation, the more reality the human mind needs in order to find the creation acceptable. Stylised language being a rare skill even among passable writers - it's much easier to put together a workaday sentence than a poetic one - most people need to be able to present a pretty darn plausible approximation of how people think, speak and act if they're going to get away with it.
And if they don't, the uncanny valley kicks in. What in the visual we'd call creepy, in the literary we call crazy.
Well, we're none of us perfect, and certainly none of us have as much talent as we could wish. But as mental illness is already overburdened with a horrible load of stigma and misunderstanding, which in turns leads to actual sufferers going misdiagnosed or undiagnosed, getting judged by the ignorant, rejected, unsupported, sometimes outright harassed, and all-around kicked when they're down, it's best not to add to the grim weight of disinformation that's already out there. Which means that unless you've got some sound, experience-based understanding and good evidence, it's usually best not to go around calling people crazy - certainly not just on the basis of bad behaviour or bad writing. They're probably just a rotten person or a rotten writer. It happens.
*Since getting published I've had to make a general rule that I don't look at the work of strangers. There are a lot of reasons for this, time being a big one, but there's also the fact that statistically speaking, more stuff is bad than good, and nobody wants to hear 'Your stuff is bad' from a writer whose books they like.
Writing talent is also statistically uncommon, so put together the odds of having a rare mental disorder and a rare level of literary ability, and you're looking at some long odds.
Sorry, but I have to nitpick here. Assuming for a moment that the two are not related, the odds dont quite work like that. Given the fact that someone is a writer, the probability of them being mentally unwell is no different than for anyone else in the population.
Really? Aren't the odds of having two uncommon conditions higher than the odds of having just one uncommon condition? (Especially when one of the conditions is likely to be disabling?)
@Donalbain: BUT the likelihood of them being BOTH a writer and suffering from a mental disorder are significantly less less than the odds of them being just a writer or just a sufferer from a mental disorder.
If, for example, 1% of the population suffers from mental illness (given that there is no correlation between mental illness and writing ability) AND (given that writing ability is smoothly distributed across the population) if 1% of the population in general has writing ability then the percentage of those who have both writing ability and suffer from mental illness is 1% of 1%.
In other words:
Writers are no more likely to have a mental illness than are other members of the population.
However, if there is no correlation between writing and mental illness writers will suffer from it at the same rate as do nonwriters.
So, the likelihood of any writer having a mental illness is no different than the likelihood of anyone else.
However, the likelihood of any person being a writer is low and so the likelihood of any person being a writer AND having a mental illness is even lower.
Kit -- another great essay. I was struck by a thought as I read this section.
Asking the question, in fact, tends to be a sign of two things: first, the asker is absolutely out of patience with the writer, and second, the asker is unlikely to have suffered from, or been close to someone suffering from, an actual mental illness.
As you know from our conversations on other blogs I have been close to several people who have been diagnosed with severe mental illnesses. I wonder how many people know someone who is suffering from actual mental illness and is unaware of it? [Rather like the question of how many people actually do know men who batter their wives or closeted gays--without being aware of it.]
I have a feeling that many of the people who are quite willing to lodge the accusation of mental illness at particular writers are themselves unaware of the real mental illnesses they are encountering in everyday life. This is due, in part, to the incorrect image mental illness one constantly encounters in the media. If you watch Law & Order you would think that violent paranoid Schizophrenia was the most common form of mental illness.
My own experience with people who actually did suffer from mental illnesses was that they experienced and reacted to a world that was not quite like my own. Sometimes these differences were subtle, sometimes they were hard to see because their main effect was on the sufferer not those around them but they were slight diversions from reality. And, as you say, the ability to create a properly functioning universe is one of the signs of a bad writer.
The frustrating thing for me was when I was in a circumstance (like yours with Fry) when I was almost certain that people I knew were seriously suffering from mental illness and no one else took it seriously until the person had a psychotic break, attempted to commit suicide or became catatonic.
Answer split for length reasons:
I wonder how many people know someone who is suffering from actual mental illness and is unaware of it?
As with gay people, I'd be prepared to bet the answer was 'a whooooole bunch'. Probably more than with gay people, given that depression alone is, I think, statistically commoner than homosexuality.
Of course, a big proportion of those sufferers might not be aware that they're sick, because we're woefully under-educated about it - like you say, people generally only start getting informed when they run smack into it - plus it's a kind of disease that is, by its nature, hard to self-diagnose anyway.
Which makes it even more likely that your theoretical average person has known someone who's at least somewhat sick, but hasn't correctly identified the problem. I did. In the interests of people's privacy I won't give details, but I can remember one occasions some years ago, before I really knew much about mental illness, where I encountered someone who in retrospect I'm absolutely certain was suffering from undiagnosed depression.
At the time, all I could identify about them was that they were hostile, disagreeable and, it seemed, kind of wilfully unhappy and creating problems for themselves wherever they went. They were these things to such an extreme and puzzling degree that I wound up unable to dislike them, even though they were pretty unpleasant to me - my only real feeling towards them was a desire never to be in their company again - so on some level I think I knew they couldn't be judged by 'normal' standards, but at the time I just didn't know what to make of it, and neither did anyone else. The words used tended to be words like 'weird' and 'paranoid'. Even 'crazy', I think - but the word was used colloquially rather than seriously. 'Crazy' wasn't considered something that needed help.
And yeah, in retrospect their behaviour screams 'depression' and 'person who needs help', but nobody thought so at the time. They weren't self-harming or making suicide attempts or weeping all over the place (mostly they were picking fights and brooding), so it just didn't occur to anyone. The assumption, I think, was that they couldn't be really crazy, because that doesn't happen to people you know.
So I think you're right: I was someone who'd known a mental illness sufferer long before I realised that's what I was. I didn't love this person or feel any responsibility to them, so there was no motivation to enquire into their behaviour beyond the question 'How can I break off contact with you?' I hope they've had help since, but they didn't get any at the time because nobody was thinking that way.
And I'd bet that happens to a lot of people: they know someone sick, but they don't have the motivations or knowledge. I'm only going from my own experience, but it's my theory that there are two basic motivations that lead to identifying someone as ill:
1. You love the person, know there's a more reasonable self in there somewhere, and so are sure there must be something wrong.
2. You've encountered mental illness before, you know it's an evil, vicious thing, and you're buggered if you'll stand by while it tears up somebody else.
But both of these involve having some sense that the sufferer is on your side - or at least, that you're on theirs - and mental illness is the enemy. To someone who hasn't gotten involved in that fight, mental illness is a kind of Otherness that's about the sufferer rather than the disease. Calling someone 'mentally ill' in those circumstances is generally an insult rather than a plea for help or understanding - which suggests the speaker doesn't actually understand.
You're right, it's horrible that people have to come close to dying before they get acknowledged as sick. And it can be a vicious circle, because as long as 'mentally ill' in most people's minds means 'Norman Bates' or something similar, people are much less likely to 'out' themselves as mentally ill and help normalise it in the general perception, and who can blame them? Unlike being gay, mental illness gives you a whole host of problems besides societal stigma, and you need to keep yourself safe. That's one reason I'm so glad that celebrities like J.K. Rowling and Stephen Fry - people who have enough money in the bank they won't starve if doors start closing, among other things - are brave enough to speak out. It's not the end of the road, but it's a step along it.
Kit: No.. because you already have established that they are a writer.
Think of it like this.. the odds of tossing a head twice in a row is 25%..
But, if you ALREADY know that the last throw was a head, then the probability of throwing a head in the next throw is 50%.. NOT 25%
Okay: I've now heard arguments from both sides of the statistics controversy, and my understanding of mathematics is not up to determining the relative merits. However, I really don't want it to become the subject of a long thread because it's not the point of the essay. Let's just agree it's not very likely for a writer to have an uncommon mental disorder, because uncommon mental disorders are uncommon.
Donaldbain: I don't agree with you as to what Kit's premises were (given what you think they were, then you are correct). So we are basically in agreement given the disagreement we have about Kit's premises.
In other words, as Kit said, not the point of this thread.
Kit: I think your responses are worth a long response on my part -- which will come in time. My short response, however, is to agree with the points you are making.
The people who I came to know suffered from mental illness fell into the fallowing categories: people who I loved and whose illnesses threatened their life; people who were both close friends and for whom I had an elected responsibility; people who I had an official advisory relationship with; and people who worked for me. Even though I knew something of mental illness because someone I loved had it I was very slow to "get" that the second person I am thinking about was suffering from it. This was due, in part, because there is not just one form of mental illness and I was aware of the symptoms of only one. After watching a friend suffer a complete psychotic break I became sensitized to those symptoms but am still ignorant of the outward signs of many mental illnesses. In at least one of the cases I am thinking of we had to fight to get qualified people to even look at the person in question. Who was, as soon as they were seen by a professional, institutionalized for a period of time.
The problem of the societal implications of a diagnosis make it all the harder. I have had people who worked for me who didn't want others to know that they were getting help. I have had students whose diagnoses I knew of plead that I not let a hint of the truth get out.
Hmmm, more later as I think of the implications of what you are writing about.
Since getting published I've had to make a general rule that I don't look at the work of strangers. There are a lot of reasons for this, time being a big one
This reminds me of the time the guy came out to fix my cable. He found out I taught mass media and wanted me to read this movie script he had written.
Hmmm, more later as I think of the implications of what you are writing about.
I'll look forward to it!
Can't Kit just clear this up? Are we speaking of a person who is known to be a writer, and attempting to determine whether they are mentally ill, or are we speaking of an arbitrary person, and attempting to determine both whether they are mentally ill, and whether they are a writer? I realize this is getting off the point, but disagreeing about this just seems kind of silly when the person who wrote the post is right here.
No, I'm not going to 'clear this up'. I'm not a mathematical authority: as far as I can understand there are two ways to read the stats and people are free to choose either as far as I'm concerned. You want to think I got the maths right, thanks; you want to think I got it wrong, well, I got zero out of twelve on my last maths exam so it's perfectly possible. You want to carry on the debate somewhere else, be my guests and have fun; saying 'Kit sucks at maths' will not hurt my feelings at all. I do suck at maths and I care not who knows it.
What I am going to do is delete any further posts in this thread on the subject of mathematics. Sorry, but I am. I don't usually resort to such draconian measures, but this is a subject that has high stakes potential.
There may be people with mental illnesses reading this right now, or people responsible for people with mental illnesses, and I don't want them to feel their problems are being trivialised by half the posts treating a statistical debate as more important than the diseases that are ruining their lives. I know people who were motivated to seek help by reading about mental illnesses online, either because it provided information or a sense of social support that they'd previously lacked, and if there's even the smallest chance some lurker out there is in that position, I'm not prepared to risk it.
Seriously, guys. I'm sorry if I'm spoiling anyone's fun, but on this issue, there's a time and a place. You want to have the maths conversation, take it outside.
This might be a little off topic, but I was wondering what people thought of the portrayal of depression in the recent Doctor Who episode, "Vincent and the Doctor". I thought it was realistic and respectful (or at least as much so as anything ever is in Dr. Who), and I found it very normalizing and humanizing.
It was nice because they didn't connect Vincent's depression to his art in a way that implied that the one was necessary for the other, but nor did it pretend that they were completely unrelated. The portrayal of a depressed person as a whole person, capable of moments of joy, while at the same time not pretending that those moments of joy will take away the depression, was very refreshing.
As usual very interesting. I follow the works of an author who many people speculate on regarding their mental health, and whilst I love debating the author's books, I hate the hearsay and unfounded gossip over what kind of mental disorder they have.
I think I've mentioned on your blog before that I've suffered depression on and off for several years, and that my other half is currently being treated for psychosis (which, coincidentally developed after he was given a particular medication for depression *shrug*). I'm perhaps over-sensitive to terms like "mental illness" and "depression" being thrown around as a result.
Depression is becoming a watered-down word, thrown around whenever anyone's had a bad day or is feeling miserable about their job/finances/love life etc. It's a word people use without really thinking about, and whilst I don't blame any for that (since I do it as much as anyone), it does irritate the hell out of me when real depression is dismissed with a "pull your socks up" type response.
Hmm. I can't really talk about this without getting emotional and angry, so I'll leave it at that and see what other people have to say!
It's a word people use without really thinking about, and whilst I don't blame any for that (since I do it as much as anyone), it does irritate the hell out of me when real depression is dismissed with a "pull your socks up" type response.
Totally with you on the irritation. (Though I'd say 'makes me really, really angry'.) It's kind of awkward the way the word has two confusable meanings. I've taken to saying that I feel 'dispirited' or 'discouraged' or 'down', or that I find something 'bleak' or 'negative' - basically going to my thesaurus-brain to try and find ways not to say 'depressed'. Anyway, I certainly don't blame you for getting worked up about it. Injustice is worth getting worked up over. (Though not, of course, to the extent of harming yourself, and getting too mad if you're trying to stay on top of depression isn't necessarily the most fun way to pass an evening!)
Hope you and your other half are doing okay at the moment?
It's been a long time since I read The Stars' Tennis Balls, but what was it that said "depressive" to you?
Note: Below I am using the word "metaphor" as one does when discussing how human beings use scripts and word pictures to understand the world.
One of the first things you learn when studying the role/usage of scripts in human communication is the tremendous power of the metaphor. Books have been written (as have, of course, dissertations) on the impact that the changing metaphors for the human brain have had on our concepts as to the possibilities of that brain. As well as our ideas of what can go "wrong" with the brain.
Some forms of mental illness were once seen as "possession." We did not doubt that people heard voices in their head. What we questioned was the source of those voices -- angelic or demonic. What doctors now diagnose as depression was either a sin (excessive inner self-dwelling) or yet another form of possession.
Today we don't generally speak of possession or sin. Now we speak of brain chemistry, addiction or character flaws. Our imagery of mental illness has moved but not perhaps always to the betterment of those suffering from it. The general public tends to see those diagnosed with depression or bipolar disorder or schizophrenia as either broken (their brains are fundamentally damaged) or as weak (if only they applied themselves they would get over it.)
Both of these metaphors stand in the way of the fair treatment of people suffering from mental illnesses and discourage people from reaching out to others either to admit their "problem" or to suggest that the other is mentally ill.
Indeed, these metaphors stand in the way of us recognizing mental illness in some of those around us and incorrectly labelling others. When we like/admire people we are often loathe to effectively label them as weak or broken. When we dislike people we find it easy to "diagnose" the reasons why we dislike them.
When we talk/think about the mental illnesses themselves we have several images/tools/metaphors and few of them are helpful. Depression is misleadingly named. Schizophrenia was long misunderstood as having a split personality.
The word depression is, itself, unfortunate. Unless you have yourself suffered from clinically diagnosed depression or closely known someone else who did if is likely that you think of depression as a minor thing that can be shaken off if only one applies sufficient effort. To be depressed is not to be unhappy although people who are depressed are unhappy. To be depressed is to be unable to function normally. Perhaps the depressed person is incapable of dressing themselves. Perhaps they cannot organize the simple task of eating. Depressed people suffer. Depressed people die. They hurt those around them.
Given the problems inherent with the broken metaphor what then does one do when one feels that a friend may be suffering from a mental illness. To suggest that they are is to suggest (given popular understandings) that they are broken or weak or flawed in a fundamental way. To suggest that a person has a mental illness is to risk putting them into a ghetto for the rest of their live. Once a person is so labeled they will have more difficulty getting a job. They may even have financial problems.
In summary --
a) those who misunderstand the nature and symptoms of mental illness are less likely to recognize them and
b)more likely to wrongly label those they dislike or misunderstand as being mentally ill
c) while being, at the same time, more likely to treat those who have been labelled mentally ill unfairly
d) and less likely to support real sources of support and help for those who actually are mentally ill.
It's been a long time since I read The Stars' Tennis Balls, but what was it that said "depressive" to you?
The tone, basically. The hypersensitive and furious self-hatred and/or hostility of so many of the characters; the distaste with which any kind of self-satisfaction, or even self-esteem, gets portrayed and the harshness with which it's punished; the sense of a profoundly hostile world; the extremity of the physical horrors; the nihilistic ending in which there's little left but a kind of wasteland that doesn't even give the avenger any kind of satisfaction for creating it...
Basically there's a note of relentless judgement that sees ugliness and shameful grotesquerie everwhere in the book's style, and that's a tone I've heard elsewhere. From everything I can see of Fry himself, he seems like a brave, talented and pleasant man who's neither ugly nor grotesque, but people who have mood disorders often are excellent individuals.
I'd be a bit cautious in saying all this, as someone's writing personality is often different from the rest of them and it's not anyone's place to judge someone solely by their books, and I'm not criticising Fry as a writer; I admire him, and creating such a strong tone is a credit to his abilities as a stylist. I think he painted a vivid portrait of a disease he's identified himself as suffering from. Just my opinion, of course.
@mmy: a whole load of excellent points. Thank you for that.
An interesting thing in terms of my personal experience is that I can sort of see where the metaphors come from. I don't believe in literal possession, but I've seen a depressive episode distort someone's face so much, submerge their personality so fast and replace it with something so malign, that the idea of a vindictive alien consciousness temporarily taking possession of them didn't seem that far-fetched. Likewise, I've sometimes thought that depression could have an addictive appearance: the way a sufferer can get stuck going over the same thoughts over and over again can come across like they're addicted to them - taking no pleasure in getting their fix, but somehow compelled by it.
None of which, of course, means such metaphors have a place in medical or colloquial understanding. They can be useful ways of reflecting on it between people who have actual experience and know the difference between a metaphor and the reality, but what we need most is more accuracy and science.
I found it perversely encouraging, for instance, when I read this article -
- precisely because it identified depression as neurodegenerative like Alzheimer's: that is, because it identified it as having a physical cause, and thus was some evidence I could use to argue that it wasn't something you could 'snap out of'.
In my experience, depression is best understood not as a mood. It is, as far as I understand the research, a neurological disease with complicated causes that aren't properly understood but is most likely triggered by a combination of genetic vulnerability and environmental factors, of which abnormal emotional pain is one of the symptoms - but not the only one. It's the one that gets noticed, but there are a whole load of other symptoms, often including physical ones like mysterious aches and pains. I think if it's presented in its proper context, it gets much harder to see it as a mere 'mood', which can only be to the good.
And yeah, 'schizophrenic'. I'm really quite dismayed to see the way it's entered slang as a way of meaning 'contradictory' or 'confusing', as in 'the film seems kind of schizophrenic about politics'. Reeeally not helping. I've personally encountered the psychotic diseases less, but enough to know that they're really, really nasty.
Lol, Kit - yes "very, very angry" sums up my feelings better too. I am not against having a go at people who use the word "depressed" when they really mean "annoyed" or "upset." And like you, I try to use words like despondent, discouraged, or something else.
And thank you, yes, we're both fine. He's made progress in leaps and bounds since Christmas, and I'm extremely proud of him :)
"None of which, of course, means such metaphors have a place in medical or colloquial understanding. They can be useful ways of reflecting on it between people who have actual experience and know the difference between a metaphor and the reality, but what we need most is more accuracy and science."
There's an additional reason for being cautious about this metaphoric link, and that's because establishing too close a link between 'possession' and a particular mental illness can be extremely misleading in the context of cross-cultural psychiatry -- a Nepalese shaman who's allowed themselves to be apparently possessed usually isn't suffering from a mental illness such as schizophrenia, because the behaviour is normal and probably healthy relative to the cultural context they're operating in regardless of the existence or otherwise of the possessing spirits.
If I recall what I've read on this correctly (and I'm not an expert, so pinches of salt are required!), what's unhealthy and likely a sign of an underlying problem is when the 'possession' occurs outside of that culturally allowed context and causes distress. But the corresponding illness in that case is more likely to manifest as a culturally specific 'possession disorder' rather than one of the more familiar mental illnesses. In that case, saying that the sufferer is schizophrenic (because only someone who's schizophrenic would think that they're possessed) may be rather unhelpful, as it'll probably lead to them being prescribed the wrong treatment.
Handling these kinds of anthropological issues in psychiatry can be very, very tricky, to say the least.
Probably late with this, but I only just realized that you're back online. Good to see you back!
Anyway, mmy said: Now we speak of brain chemistry, addiction or character flaws.
What I seem to be hearing a lot lately is less chemistry than electronics, that is, mental illness as a flaw or failure in the brain's "wiring." I'm not sure that that's any more helpful as a metaphor; after all, crossed wires can be unsnarled, electrical connections can be restored, so why can't mental illness be correctable-- "Just fix it already!" seems to be the attitude of a lot of people, as if the sufferer just needed to call tech support.
@Kit: I really like the comment your made on slacktivist Mental illness is fatally under-taught and always has been, and it's possible that if you aren't very familiar with mental illness you might misidentify sick behaviour as bad behaviour. Without experience, it's easily done.Post a Comment
I think that is as good a summation of what we have been talking about as we are going to get.
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Vandergriff, Pedregon, Line, Arana Jr. win in Houston
Bob Vandergriff Jr. (Top Fuel), Jason Line (Pro Stock) and Hector Arana Jr. (Pro Stock Motorcycle) also were winners at the NHRA Mello Yello Drag Racing Series event near Houston.
Two-time Funny Car world champion Pedregon powered his Snap-on Tools Toyota Camry to the win over Tim Wilkerson to take his 32nd career victory.
Pedregon, who serves as the driver and crew chief for his team, covered the distance in 4.246 seconds at 296.96 mph to defeat Wilkerson's trailing Levi Ray & Shoup Ford Mustang, which lost traction in the finals and ran 6.914 at 102.28. With the win, Pedregon moves into the series points lead, 37 in front of Matt Hagan.
"Today was a challenging day, dealing with the track conditions," Pedregon said. "We thought we had it pulled back enough for the first round, but we didn't [in his 5.36 to 6.04 pedaling win against Terry Haddcok]. After that, we got the car straightened out and it ran good [with times of 4.18 4.24, and 4.24]."
This is the second career victory at Royal Purple Raceway (also 1992) and he knows that the success they are having this season wouldn't be possible without a full team effort.
"I had to whack my crew chief just once because he went over-center a bit on the tune-up for the first round, but after that everything was good," said a smiling Pedregon, who beat Terry Haddock, Bob Tasca and Alexis DeJoria in earlier rounds. "It takes a totally different mindset to run a 4.18 and a pair of 4.20s like we did today, and we did some things to the car that we've never done before. It was a great weekend all around."
In Top Fuel, Vandergriff earned his third career victory by holding off Shawn Langdon in the final
Points leader Tony Schumacher suffered a rare first round loss, but retains the points lead and Langdon moves to third in points on the strength of his runner-up finish.
In Pro Stock, Line raced his Summit Racing Chevy Camaro to his second win at Royal Purple Raceway and his first of the year with a holeshot victory over Shane Gray. Both drivers covered the distance at 6.589 seconds, but the .007 reaction time of Line gave him an advantage over the .055 reaction time of Gray, who drove his Gray Motorsports Camaro.
This is his 30th win of his career and was his first win of the season and the first since the second Charlotte race in 2012. He defeated Matt Hartford, local favorite Erica Enders-Stevens and Jeg Coughlin in the first three rounds. With the win he moves to fifth in points.
"The big difference this weekend is that we made six good runs in a row, and the car responded well to the changes in our tune-up," Line said. "That's the first time we've been able to do that in a while."
Arana Jr. recorded his third straight win of the year in Pro Stock Motorcycle with a final round performance of 6.912 at 194.74 on his Lucas Oil Buell to defeat Scotty Pollacheck, who was in his first final round and ran 6.985 at 188.54 on his Sovereign Star Buell. Arana Jr. becomes just the third racer in Pro Stock Motorcycle history to win the first three events of the season, joining Matt Hines and Dave Schultz as the only drivers to accomplish the feat.
The Mello Yello Drag Racing Series continues with the Summit Racing Equipment NHRA Southern Nationals, May 3-5 at Atlanta Dragway.
Satterfield in his BAC Enterprises '68 Camaro faced Kenny Lang and his Summit Racing '63 Camaro and marked the first time the two had faced in eliminations. Lang fouled at the start, giving the win to Satterfield, who posted a 6.015 second pass at 246.75 mph.
In earlier rounds, Satterfield defeated Mike Knowles, Rickie Smith and Mike Castellana.
Lang moves to the NHRA Pro Mod Drag Racing Series points lead from third and Satterfield catapults from 10th to third on the strength of his win.
The NHRA Pro Mod Drag Racing Series returns to action at the Toyota NHRA Summernationals at Old Bridge Township Raceway Park, May 30-June 2.
Final finish order (1-16) at the 26th annual O'Reilly NHRA Spring Nationals presented by Super Start Batteries at Royal Purple Raceway. The race is the sixth of 24 events in the NHRA Mello Yello Drag Racing Series.
BAYTOWN, Texas -- Sunday's final results from the 26th annual O'Reilly NHRA Spring Nationals presented by Super Start Batteries at Royal Purple Raceway. The race is the sixth of 24 in the NHRA Mello Yello Drag Racing Series:
Top Fuel -- Bob Vandergriff, 3.904 seconds, 316.38 mph def. Shawn Langdon, 8.485 seconds, 74.90 mph.
Funny Car -- Cruz Pedregon, Toyota Camry, 4.246, 296.96 def. Tim Wilkerson, Ford Mustang, 6.914, 102.08.
Pro Stock -- Jason Line, Chevy Camaro, 6.589, 211.99 def. Shane Gray, Camaro, 6.589, 211.26.
Pro Stock Motorcycle -- Hector Arana Jr, Buell, 6.912, 194.74 def. Scotty Pollacheck, Buell, 6.985, 188.54.
Top Alcohol Dragster -- Randy Meyer, 5.366, 271.90 def. Jim Whiteley, 5.466, 221.27.
Top Alcohol Funny Car -- Tony Bartone, Ford Mustang, 5.591, 263.56 def. John Lombardo Jr., Chevy Monte Carlo, 5.629, 261.52.
Pro Modified -- Clint Satterfield, Chevy Camaro, 6.015, 246.75 def. Kenny Lang, Chevy Corvette, foul.
BAYTOWN, Texas -- Final round-by-round results from the 26th annual O'Reilly NHRA Spring Nationals presented by Super Start Batteries at Royal Purple Raceway, the sixth of 24 events in the NHRA Mello Yello Drag Racing Series:
BAYTOWN, Texas -- Point standings (top 10) following the 26th annual O'Reilly NHRA Spring Nationals presented by Super Start Batteries at Royal Purple Raceway, the sixth of 24 events in the NHRA Mello Yello Drag Racing Series -
Top Fuel
Funny Car
Pro Stock
Pro Stock Motorcycle
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Rapids salary figures in 2013 a deft bit of accounting for Vicente Sanchez, Gabriel Torres
Vicente Sanchez, recently signed by the Rapids, will be paid a per-season salary of $186,187 to add punch to Colorado's attack down the stretch toward the MLS playoffs, according to salary figures released by the MLS Players Union on Friday.
But not all the figures reflect exactly what's happening with player paychecks. Here are some clarifications, explanations, insights and pending questions about the Rapids payroll (the full list is below):


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|Man! I Feel Like A Woman!
|Any Man Of Mine
|You're Still The One [Album Version]
|That Don't Impress Me Much
|Forever And For Always [Red Version]
Sep 2017 • 12 songs
Sep 2017 • 16 songs
Mar 2015 • 19 songs
Emerging in the mid-'90s, Shania Twain became the most popular country music artist since Garth Brooks. Skillfully fusing mainstream, AOR rock production with country-pop, Twain and her producer/husband, Robert John "Mutt" Lange, created a commercial juggernaut with her second album, The Woman in Me. The record became a multi-platinum phenomenon, peaking at number five on the pop charts and eventually selling over nine million copies in America alone. Twain might have sold a lot of records, but like other mega-selling acts before her, she earned few good reviews -- most critic... Read more


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Because Thursday is, you know, Thanksgiving, we're gonna have voting both today and tomorrow. It'll put you in the mood for tryptophan.
It's No. 2 seed Kige Ramsey vs. No. 15 seed Joey Chestnut. We think in real life, these guys might be friends.
No. 2 Seed Kige Ramsey
Carried around every book he ever owned in a belt.
Visited Wal-Mart.
Actively did some campaigning.
Expanded his commercial techniques.
Enjoyed Halloween.
No. 15 Seed Joey Chestnut
Became an American hero.
So, get out there and vote!


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Soup lunch at Steinbrenner & Nyberg
(Sorry for the poor photo quality. All photos were taken with my cell phone)
One of my favourite lunch places is Steinbrenner & Nyberg. I've written about them before, as I often buy lovely cakes with delicious mousse there.
The lunch served at Steinbrenner & Nyberg costs 75 kronor and it may sound much, but it is an all you can eat buffet which isn't quite common in Sweden. Each day they serve a delicous soup and a variety of freshly baked bread. To the bread there's butter and cheese. For dessert there's a cake buffet where you can eat as much cake as you want (!!). And the cakes are not just the standard ones, these are great with lovely mousse fillings. Coffee or tea is included in the price as well.
When we were there last Friday they served "Sunny red Shrimp soup" which was very nice and the dessert table was just as lovely as always. My favourites this time were the cakes KaffeNöt (hazelnut brownie covered with a layer of nougat truffle and a layer of espresso mousse) and Passionsfrukt (spongecake covered with a layer of banana curd and a layer of Passion Fruit mousse). There were also other lovely cakes, but these were my favourites.
Steinbrenner & Nyberg
Ö. Larmgatan 6
031-80 20 28
Mon- Fri: 07:00-20:00
Sat: 09:00-17:00
Sun: closed
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