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Volume 21 Issue 9 (September 2011)
GSA Today
Article, pp. 7-9 | Abstract | PDF (161KB)
Landscape evolution in south-central Minnesota and the role of geomorphic history on modern erosional processes
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Special 2011 Annual Meeting–Themed Science Article Section
In a departure from GSA Todays usual single lead science article format, the following four articles are meant to familiarize you with the span of geologic time represented in the Upper Midwest and the expertise of its geoscience community as we prepare to assemble at the Annual Meeting in Minneapolis. These articles also emphasize the critical role geologists are being asked to play in a society that is increasingly focused on sustainable resource use and the long-term resilience of the planet.
The first two papers treat geologic events from opposite ends of the timeline as a controlled experiment that can be studied to help understand, and thereby forecast, system responses. The latter two speak directly to our role in society.
The EarthScope USArray is currently deployed in Minnesota. Seth Stein and colleagues describe how the information coming in regarding the failed, 1.1-Ga midcontinent rift, frozen in time, will provide a way to test the two leading theories about the fundamental cause of rifting.
Next, Karen Gran and colleagues describe Holocene valley evolution. A well-constrained downcutting event is driving continuing adjustment on tributaries to the Minnesota River, the history of which has a strong influence on modern sediment loads and direct resource-management implications.
Ken Bradbury and Tony Runkel, geologists with two state surveys, partnered up for the third article, which examines how the mechanical behavior of Paleozoic rocks affects groundwater flow systems. This information is critical for sustainable groundwater use in the face of challenges ranging from the presence of live viruses deep beneath Madison, Wisconsin, USA, to evolving cones of depression that change hydraulic gradients.
Finally, Cathy Manduca introduces readers to the process of producing an educated citizenry (and a well-prepared geoscience community) that understands the ways that Earth and society are linked. The article also illustrates the need to act collectively to share experiences, develop them into classroom activities, and accurately diagnose student challenges.
Carrie Jennings, Minnesota Geological Survey
Vice Chair, 2011 Annual Meeting Organizing Committee
The Minnesota River Valley was carved during catastrophic drainage of glacial Lake Agassiz at the end of the late Pleistocene. The ensuing base-level drop on tributaries created knickpoints that excavated deep valleys as they migrated upstream. A sediment budget compiled in one of these tributaries, the Le Sueur River, shows that these deep valleys are now the primary source of sediment to the Minnesota River. To compare modern sediment loads with pre-European settlement erosion rates, we analyzed incision history using fluvial terrace ages to constrain a valley incision model. Results indicate that even though the dominant sediment sources are derived from natural sources (bluffs, ravines, and streambanks), erosion rates have increased substantially, due in part to pervasive changes in watershed hydrology.
Manuscript received 28 Feb. 2011; accepted 29 Apr. 2011
The landscape of central Minnesota is young, having been extensively sculpted by the last glaciation. One of the biggest impacts on the post-glacial fluvial system in south-central Minnesota was the initial draining of glacial Lake Agassiz through its southern outlet, carving the Minnesota River Valley ca. 13,400 yr B.P. (Clayton and Moran, 1982; Matsch, 1983; Johnson et al., 1998). This event triggered knickpoints that continue to migrate upstream on tributaries, incising deep valleys and influencing modern erosional processes in the Minnesota River watershed (Gran et al., 2009).
The Minnesota River is impaired for turbidity and carries high suspended-sediment loads. It flows downstream to the Mississippi River and Lake Pepin (Fig. 1). Records from Lake Pepin show sedimentation rates are now an order of magnitude higher than pre-settlement rates (Engstrom et al., 2009), with 82%–92% of sediment derived from the Minnesota River (Kelley and Nater, 2000). A remarkable effort is underway to improve water quality in Lake Pepin and the Minnesota River, which ultimately requires understanding sediment loading at its source, in the primarily agricultural uplands and deeply incised tributary valleys. Here we explore how geomorphic history affects modern sediment loading in the Le Sueur River, a tributary contributing a disproportionate suspended sediment load to the Minnesota River.
The Minnesota River Valley was carved by drainage of glacial Lake Agassiz (upper left), spawning knickpoints on tributaries like the Le Sueur River. There, the knick point has migrated 40 km upstream (upper right), forming hundreds of terraces in the process, and influencing major sediment sources (lower right).
Valley Evolution in the Le Sueur River
The Le Sueur River offers a well-constrained example of landscape evolution in a low-gradient environment following rapid base-level fall. Before incision of the modern valley, glacial Lake Minnesota occupied much of the Le Sueur watershed (Fig. 1), smoothing topography and depositing 1–2 m of glaciolacustrine sediment (Jennings, 2010). The initial impulse, base-level fall of 65 m at the mouth, is well-timed to 13,400 yr B.P. (Clayton and Moran, 1982; Matsch, 1983). The knickpoint now lies 35–40 km upstream of the mouth, and hundreds of fluvial terraces record valley incision history (Gran et al., 2009). These are strath terraces carved into glacial till. Depositional ages on 19 terraces, ranging from 13,040 to 1540 yr B.P., were determined through optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon dating.
A one-dimensional numerical model was constructed to determine incision history. Two models were compared: detachment-limited (bedrock-based) and transport-limited (alluvial-based). Results show that the Le Sueur River is best modeled as a bedrock channel, with downstream coarsening playing a critical role in developing the modern long profile. Although incision rates over the lower 80 km decreased from 8 mm/yr to 1.3 mm/yr, two-dimensional modeling incorporating meandering and valley widening (Finnegan and Dietrich, 2011) shows that the slowing of incision was countered by an increase in valley area, leading to fairly steady sediment export through time. The average Holocene erosion rate, calculated from excavated volume below the highest terrace, is 75,000 Mg/yr, including 50,000 Mg/yr of silt and clay.
Modern Sediment Budget
The upstream-migrating knick zone represents a geomorphic transition within the watershed affecting modern erosional processes. Within the knick zone, deep incision created high bluffs and steep ravines, while above the knick zone the landscape is dominated by low-gradient, primarily agricultural, fields. Valley incision is minor, with bluffs and ravines small or absent.
Paired gaging stations installed above and below the knick zone on three tributaries show sharp increases in total suspended solid (TSS) loads and yields within the knick zone. On the Maple River, the average upper gage TSS load from 2006–2009 was 7000 Mg/yr, increasing to 20,000 Mg/yr at the lower gage (Fig. 1), though drainage area increases by only 10%. Sediment yields increased from 8.7 to 22.5 Mg/km2/yr. Similar increases were observed on the Big Cobb (9.0 to 23.5 Mg/km2/yr) and Le Sueur Rivers (23.9 to 32.7 Mg/km2/yr) (Water Resources Center [WRC] and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency [MPCA], 2009; S. Matteson, 2010, personal commun.).
An annual- to decadal-scale sediment budget was assembled from direct monitoring, historical aerial photography, aerial LiDAR topography, terrestrial laser scanning, and geochemical sediment fingerprinting and compared with gaging records. All sediment volumes were converted into silt and clay fractions to compare with TSS loads. The modern budget indicates that the majority of sediment delivered to the mouth is derived from bluff erosion. Ravines and streambanks annually contribute ~10% each, while uplands contribute ~20%. Streambank erosion includes a large volume from channel widening. The average TSS load from 2000–2010 is 225,000 Mg/yr (WRC and MPCA, 2009; S. Matteson, 2010, personal commun.), four to five times higher than Holocene-average loads.
Discussion and Conclusions
Geomorphic history strongly influences modern erosional processes in the Minnesota River basin, with important implications for resource management. Most sediment currently comes not from agricultural fields, but from bluffs, ravines, and streambanks. This observation might lead to the assertion that excessive sediment loading in the Le Sueur is natural and not anthropogenic, but modern loads are four to five times higher than Holocene-average loads, and records downstream indicate that post-settlement sedimentation rates have increased tenfold in Lake Pepin (Engstrom et al., 2009). Although these erosional processes are natural, rates have increased due to human alterations in land cover and hydrology. Many areas in the upper Midwest have seen increases in erosion following agricultural development, and thick deposits of legacy sediment are common (e.g., Knox, 2001, 2006). In the Le Sueur, however, post-settlement alluvium is not as prevalent because the incising river lacks a geomorphic floodplain over much of the knick zone (Belmont, 2011). The sensitivity of the knick zone to erosion is an artifact of the geomorphic history of the watershed, which must be considered as management actions are taken to lower sediment delivery to the Minnesota River. This becomes increasingly important as mean annual precipitation and peak flows have been increasing in the Minnesota River basin (Novotny and Stefan, 2007), requiring a greater degree of resiliency within the watershed to combat hydrologic alterations.
Funding was provided by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and the National Science Foundation STC program via the National Center for Earth-Surface Dynamics (EAR-0120914).
- Belmont, P., 2011, Floodplain width adjustments in response to rapid base level fall and knickpoint migration: Geomorphology, v. 128, p. 92–102, doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.026.
- Clayton, L., and Moran, S.R., 1982, Chronology of late-Wisconsinan glaciation in middle North America: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 1, p. 55–82.
- Engstrom, D.R., Almendinger, J.E., and Wolin, J.A., 2009, Historical changes in sediment and phosphorus loading to the upper Mississippi River: Mass-balance reconstructions from the sediments of Lake Pepin: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 41, p. 563–588.
- Finnegan, N.J., and Dietrich, W.E., 2011, Episodic bedrock strath terrace formation due to meander migration and cutoff: Geology, v. 39, p. 143–146.
- Gran, K.B., Belmont, P., Day, S.S., Jennings, C., Johnson, A., Perg, L., and Wilcock, P.R., 2009, Geomorphic evolution of the Le Sueur River, Minnesota, USA, and implications for sediment loading, in James, L.A., Rathburn, S.L., and Whittecar, G.R., eds., Management and restoration of fluvial systems with broad historical changes and human impacts: Geological Society of America Special Paper 451, p. 119–130.
- Jennings, C.E., 2010, Draft digital reconnaissance surficial geology and geomorphology of the LeSueur River watershed (Blue Earth, Waseca, Fairbault, and Freeborn counties in south-central MN): Minnesota Geological Survey Open-File Report 10-03, map, report, and digital files: ftp://mgssun6.mngs.umn.edu/pub4/ofr10_03/ (last accessed 13 June 2011).
- Johnson, M.D., Davie, D.M., and Pedersen, J.L., 1998, Terraces of the Minnesota River valley and the character of glacial River Warren downcutting, in Patterson, C.J., and Wright, H.E., Jr., eds., Contributions to Quaternary studies in Minnesota: Minnesota Geological Survey Report of Investigations 49, 208 p.
- Kelley, D.W., and Nater, E.A., 2000, Historical sediment flux from three watersheds into Lake Pepin, Minnesota, USA: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 29, no. 2, p. 561–568.
- Knox, J.C., 2001, Agricultural influence on landscape sensitivity in the Upper Mississippi River valley: Catena, v. 42, p. 193–224.
- Knox, J.C., 2006, Floodplain sedimentation in the Upper Mississippi Valley: Natural versus human accelerated: Geomorphology, v. 79, p. 286–310.
- Matsch, C.L., 1983, River Warren, the southern outlet of Lake Agassiz, in Teller, J.T., and Clayton, L., eds., Glacial Lake Agassiz: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 26, p. 232–244.
- Novotny, E.V., and Stefan, H.G., 2007, Stream flow in Minnesota: Indicator of climate change: Journal of Hydrology, v. 334, p. 319–333.
- Water Resources Center (WRC), Minnesota State University, Mankato, and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA), 2009, State of the Minnesota River: Summary of surface water quality monitoring 2000–2008, 42 p.


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March 30, 2012
Describe your thoughts below.
- AnonymousMarch 30, 2012 at 11:27 AM
but without mexicans, who will build the flute gates of the future???ReplyDelete
Sad MariachiReplyDelete
- MoochoochachiMarch 30, 2012 at 1:11 PM
I'm not usually one to comment on "Politics" but don't you know that Kooly the Bear's grandpa was Koolio el Oso? Yes, that's right. He is 3/8 Mexican. And he has embraced that Heritage by Building CD Stores featuring his favorite Latin American artists, from Menudo to Mana. Why don't Politicians think about Our Feelings?ReplyDelete
- HallettMarch 30, 2012 at 4:24 PM
We like to joke and have fun on the Internet, but sometimes we should stop and think about what is going on around us. A flute fence to keep out foreign musicians??!?! This is inhuman and preposterous. A row of bassoons made of Adamantium would be MUCH more effective.ReplyDelete
I lose a little faith in the world when I read things like this.
I lose a little faith in MOOCHACHI when he misuses Internet abreviation.ReplyDelete
- Rockford BannechekMarch 30, 2012 at 11:05 PM
Not sure if I'm down with the direction Newt is taking here.ReplyDelete
Not sure if I understand what Eagle is wearing.
Am sure that I would have enjoyed some Mariachi tunes right now
Am sure that Hallett is getting to the heart of the matter.
- MoochoochachiMarch 31, 2012 at 8:41 AM
I am inventing a new Internet based on TOLERANCE. Join me there: www.tolerance.internet.website.com.andresphotos/being-nice-to-everyone.hreftag.com/internet/.netReplyDelete
Ladies and gentlemen welcome back to the newest and hottest television show around. Today we have our first celebrity on "Why can't you give a little love?". Now crowd if you will participate in this show you may. Now we will count it down. 3...2...1."Newt Gingrich why can't you give a little love?" You didn't have to make the Mariachi so sad!!!!"ReplyDelete
- HallettMarch 31, 2012 at 12:17 PM
To be fair the Mariachi band may ave been sad even before they saw the flute fence (it's really not a "gate"). For instance they could have jut found out they lost a lucrative wedding or bar mitzvah gig to smoe flashy newcomer with fangs and greased back hair.ReplyDelete
I'm looking at YOU V-Rick.........
- MoochoochachiMarch 31, 2012 at 3:40 PM
Mariachi sounds like Moochoochachi, thank you very much. All royalties payable in CA$$$H.ReplyDelete
- Rockford BannechekApril 1, 2012 at 12:40 AM
DM Moochoochachi: you do realize that by typing out "CA$$$H", The World's Richest Dog is bound to show up.ReplyDelete
It's like in Batman. Because Batman is also rich.
I've never seen batman and the world's richest dog in the same room together.ReplyDelete
- Rockford BannechekApril 1, 2012 at 11:20 PM
what about Bruce Wayne?ReplyDelete
- MoochoochachiApril 2, 2012 at 9:23 AM
I have never seen myself and Bruce Wayne in the same room together...ReplyDelete
- BrainerdApril 3, 2012 at 9:32 PM
I have seen Moochoochachi in a room with a Bruce and a Wayne together.ReplyDelete
I think it's the canadian border, not mexico.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 5, 2012 at 4:44 AM
The controversy over Flute Gate continues and I can see, as an outsider, that the community isn't happy and I share those feelings so perhaps does that make me an insider? I don't really know, but I do know that Newt Gingrich cares a lot about America, even if he's not a dog.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 6, 2012 at 7:01 PM
Why do you all assume this is THE Newt Gingrich? This could be any old Newt Gingrich from Anywhere, USA.ReplyDelete
It's a fairly common name.
- MoochoochachiApril 6, 2012 at 7:30 PM
No NEWZ?!?? More like BAD FRIDAY. Or PassUNDER!!! I demand a refund. Why are we paying for this "online" news service if it delivers the headlines 30 years late??ReplyDelete
Just a reminder that not all mariachi bands are evil and should be beaten with flaming flutes of American freedom.ReplyDelete
Before I went solo with my career I actually had a backup band that made it a across the boarder before the woodwinds of manifest destiny were erected.
Check out this href:
Dear Interweb Link,ReplyDelete
I hope Gamzu doesn't see your recent post which features a lone, non-href'd link. It bothers all of us, but I'd guess it bothers him more.
Guys help me! At the moment I'm hiding with my v-pire friend Johnny Depp. We don't agree on a lot of vampire stuff like for example he thinks I shouldn't hang out with non vampires (cough cough Gamzu). But back to the main problem we're hiding from Abraham Lincoln who FYI is a V-pire slayer! We are in a cave hiding. And OMG he's got Buffy the vampire slayer with him. See you can never trust people like them. They always turn out trying to kill you. Look below if you don't know a lot about Johnny Depp (Vampire) or if you don't know a lot about Abe Lincoln (Vampire Hunter) Here is how you learn about Honest Abe: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34x6m-ahGIo Here's how you learn about Johnny Depp: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wpWvkFlyl4M&ob=av3nReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 13, 2012 at 2:09 PM
I am so angry that Newt Gingrich will not let Mickey and his Mariachi Men cross the flute line. I do, however, enjoy nonsense captchas.ReplyDelete
- AnonymousApril 13, 2012 at 4:29 PM
It's been a while since we've seen a new posting.... who here believes Gingrich saw the site and hired him onto his campaign staff??? :OReplyDelete
What is your hreff'in problem.
Did anybody else try to click on those URL's?
Is this really so difficult?
I vote we start a new character and he can be called UMPIRE VICK
He can follow people home from sporting events and officiate at weddings and corporate events. And he will always use href
- AnonymousApril 17, 2012 at 1:46 AM
i know a way to get through the FLUTE fence and back again, just walk through the nettle patch and force your way through the hedgeReplyDelete
and turn on the tap in the shed, in the corner of the field - before you leave.
- MoochoochachiApril 17, 2012 at 9:55 PM
I would just like to point out that water is bad for you and soda is good for you.ReplyDelete
- World's Richest DogApril 18, 2012 at 7:54 AM
Preach it, brotha!ReplyDelete
I would like to point out that you are incorrect.ReplyDelete
- MoochoochachiApril 18, 2012 at 9:04 AM
My words were taken out of context.ReplyDelete
Told you he'd show up.ReplyDelete
wow daghana ninu uieReplyDelete
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Wow It is really pleasing to watch this funny sort of pics regarding the political news...I just wonder how could be someone so intelligent to present the serious aspects in such a humor manner..!ReplyDelete
Thanks for sharing this great photo, did you create it yourself? If you're in need of a roofing contractor in South Boston MA, make sure you check out my website. I'm one of the elite roofers in South Boston, and would be happy to serve you and provide you with roofing tips.ReplyDelete
I really love this photo, very funny! If you have some time, hope you can take a look at my website and give me some feedback. I'm a local painting contractor serving Lexington MA. Thanks!ReplyDelete
Great article and photo upload. Make sure you choose Alpha Tinting the next time you're in need of window tinting or windshield repair in Terrell TX.ReplyDelete
Thesis writing involves several processes which makes the entirety of the experience both exciting and challenging. From choosing a researchable topic that has not been done by other students and eventually narrowing it down to become a uniquely original work to soliciting the help of a research supervisor and in embarking on data collection and writing the paper, these are some of the tasks that almost all undergraduate and graduate students working on a thesis consider as stressful. In spite of the many challenges that students have to put up with, undeniably, the thesis project is an important project-based and challenge-based educational experience that helps in building character and in preparing students for their chosen career. One particular skill that is indispensable and which perhaps is unknowingly cultivated among students as they work on a thesis is the ability to work with a group of superiors.ReplyDelete
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subset: commoncrawl


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The sixties are history and so is Ford's once upon a time brand, Mercury. Today's Nice Price or Crack Pipe Cougar lets you relive both - plus it's a stick- but does its price mean it should have stuck in the sixties?
When you think sport sedans today, your brain probably autopilots to some mental image of a BMW, likely one with a real ugly butt. But back in the 1960s it's arguable that Jaguar pretty much held the position today enjoyed by the Bavarians, and as exhibit S we have yesterday's 3.8S sedan still looking like it could pip-pip your cheerios. And at only fifteen grand, it also sported a commanding 83% Nice Price win, which was our third this week!
Today wraps up '60s week, and I hope you've enjoyed the selection of iron (and some rust) that we've pulled from that psychedelic decade. We're going out not with a bang, but with a car that shares its name with that which is applied to a woman likely as old as this car, and who's typically looking for love in all the young places - that being. . . a Cougar.
This 1967 Mercury Cougar hails from the marque's first production year and sports the über rare option of three pedals and a 4-speed. The ad doesn't say what engine sits behind the electric shaver grille, but unless the original has been nicked, it's a V8. The engine options in '67 were various flavors of either the 289 or 390-cid units.
The fact that the Cougar wasn't initially made available with a six was just one ways of differentiating the upscale car from its more plebeian platform mate, the Mustang. Other changes were a 3-inch stretch in the Cougar's wheelbase, six inch longer leaf springs in the back, and a revised A-arm setup in front to smooth out the ride. The Cougar's interior was also a step up from the 'Stang, featuring more vinyl and less bare metal, and a little extra room afforded by the longer tire-to-tire span.
This particular Cougar sports a two-tone interior in blue over white, which looks like it's completely out of the sixties. In fact the seats and door trim would not seem out of place as a hip ensemble for the Hey, Hey We're the Monkees. Between the two main gauges someone has blighted the car with a clip-on tach proving the theory that anything preceded by the words 'clip-on' is immediately damned to be cheesy looking. Another point off may be taken for the missing crash pad/gauge visor, but there's nothing apparent on the inside that might not be easily fixed.
And there's something that is inside this Cougar's passenger compartment that's not easy to find - a four-speed stick. Most of the first-gen cars built it seems came with an auto box - or at least that seems the predominant choice among those left available today. The interior on this car doesn't seem to possess the hi-zoot XR-7 fake wood, nor are there GT badges or a full-length center console so perhaps this was originally just a semi low-end car? There's no way to tell by the engine as the seller is keeping mum on its details other than the fact it is presently dressed up in chrome and features upgraded performance parts. Yeah, YMMV.
Whatever, he also says the engine is strong and the the car comes with both a raging sound system and a clean title. One of those features should appeal to you more than the other, I'll let you guess which one. Fresh Bahama Mama blue paint - which makes it look like a Hot Wheels car - and five-spoke mags - which makes it look EVEN MORE like a Hot Wheels car - round out the notables.
Well, there is one other notable and that's the price tag. The seller is asking $6,000 for this rare stick shift Cougar, and if you know anything at all about the other kind of Cougar, you'll know it doesn't cost anywhere near that to get a stick in one - more likely just a couple of Mai Tais. Prices for decent-looking Merc Cougars are all over the map, from upwards of twenty five grand down to this one for a grand less than our blue bomber.
But this one's in pretty good shape, and comes with all that extra work for your right arm and left leg, which you know is worth the premium. So what do you think, is this last refugee from the sixties worth seven-large in light of its stickiness? Or, is this a Cougar that, for that kind of dough, you would not want to bring home?
You decide!
Monterey Craigslist or go here if the ad disappears.
Help me out with NPOCP. Click here to send a me a fixed-price tip, and remember to include your commenter handle.
UPDATE: West-coaster points out that with the lever free of a reverse lockout loop, this may be a lowly 3-speed, and not a 4-cogger. Vote accordingly.


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We are happy to announce that the 2010 North American Continental Championships in Course Racing will be held during COPA MEXICO from 1st till 6th of March, 2010.
20000 Dollar are up for grabs in the mens and womens fleet competing in Bucerias, Nayarit / Mexico.
The event could only be cofirmed on this short notice, but we are really looking forward for great racing action at an amazing venue. Notice of Racing and Registration information will be available on Monday.


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Fairfield Prep captures SCC boys basketball championship
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HAMDEN -- The tallest player on the floor did his usual damage in the paint, coming within three blocks of a triple-double. But it was one of the shortest players on the floor who made a few of the biggest plays late in Wednesday's SCC boys basketball final.
Ray Featherston, Fairfield Prep's 5-foot-7 reserve guard, pulled down a pair of offensive rebounds off missed free throws as Hillhouse chipped away at the Jesuits' once-sizable lead in the fourth.
"Being the smallest player on the court, nobody's going to box me out," Featherston said. "I was literally left alone for the rebound. He (a Hillhouse player) went for it, thought he was going to grab it, jumped too early. I saw my opportunity."
His opportunity was the Jesuits' gain.
Top-ranked Prep fended off a furious late rally from Hillhouse to claim a 56-52 victory and its first SCC title at Quinnipiac's TD Bank Sports Center.
Center Paschal Chukwu scored 18 points and guard Thomas Nolan added 15 to move the Jesuits -- the state's lone remaining unbeaten -- to 23-0. Hillhouse, which defeated the Jesuits in last year's conference and LL state finals, dropped to 18-5.
Prep led by as many as 13 points in the third quarter, but Hillhouse got within one in the fourth. That's as close as the Academics would get, though, as Featherston pulled down a rebound with 1:26 left off Nolan's missed free throw. The junior called timeout while falling out of bounds.
"Different guys stepped up," Jesuits coach Leo Redgate said. "I think we played very, very well for three quarters."
With 59 seconds left and Prep ahead 53-51, Featherston did the same as Chukwu missed the front end of a one-and-one. The Jesuits maintained possession, took a little more time off the clock and soon returned to the line.
"It just took one of those extra bounces on the rim," Hillhouse coach Renard Sutton said. "When my big guy went up to get it, that extra bounce cost us. An untimely jump."
Hillhouse was also plagued by an untimely drought from the floor early. Unable to score consistently inside against the 7-foot-2 Chukwu (13 rebounds, seven blocks), the Academics also struggled from the perimeter. They shot just 18-for-58 from the floor, including 6-of-28 from beyond the arc.
The Academics, who dropped both its regular-season meetings with Prep, had a chance to take the lead down 53-51 but missed two 3-pointers.
"We dug ourselves a hole so deep from the beginning," Sutton said. "It shouldn't have to come down to the big shot."
Guard Shane Christie led Hillhouse with 20 points, while John Lewis added 11.
After Hillhouse used a 6-0 spurt at the start of the second quarter to tie it 13-13, the Jesuits responded with six straight points to take the lead for good. They led 29-23 at halftime and 47-36 after three quarters.
"We knew Hillhouse was going to go on a run," said Nolan, who was named the tournament's Most Outstanding Player. "They're too good of a team, they're too well-coached. They know what to do.
"We knew that it was not going to be a 12-point win."
The Jesuits also returned star guard Ryan Murphy from an ankle injury. Playing in his first game since Jan. 4 -- the Jesuits' first game against Hillhouse this season -- the sophomore scored two points in 14 minutes.
After spoiling Hillhouse's sixth straight SCC finals appearance, the Jesuits will now prepare for the LL state tournament as the No. 1 seed.
"We're very happy with the win," Redgate said. "However, our goal is to be playing great -- win, lose or draw -- at the end of the year."
firstname.lastname@example.com; twitter.com/DougBonjour
SCC championship at Quinnipiac University
Troy Walters Jr. 2 2-2 6 Aaron White 0 0-0 0 John Lewis 4 0-0 11 Shane Christie 7 5-11 20 Raiquan Clark 3 2-3 8 Wayne Whyte 0 0-0 0 Joe Kasperzyk 0 1-3 1 Corey Barrett 2 0-0 5 Ellis Goodlow 0 0-0 0 Dontell Glover Jr. 0 0-0 0. Totals 18 10-19 52.
Paschal Chukwu 7 4-8 18 Keith Pettway 3 4-9 10 Thomas Nolan 4-8 7-9 15 Dave Zielinski 1 0-0 2 Ryan Foley 3 0-1 7 Ryan Murphy 1 0-0 2 Ray Featherston 1 0-0 2. Totals 20 15-27 56.
3-pointers: H -- Lewis 3, Walters Jr., Christie, Barrett. FP -- Foley.


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The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) have been continuously developing the Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ) methodology over the past 30 years for assessing agricultural resources and perspective studies. The GAEZ modelling framework for crop potential assessment uses detailed agronomic-based knowledge to assess land suitability, potential attainable yields and potential production of crops for specified management assumptions and input levels, both for rain-fed and irrigated conditions. GAEZ database outputs include thousands of global datasets. The tabular outputs are aggregated for current major land use/cover patterns and by administrative units, and land protection status. These outputs provide key data, knowledge and information related to availability of natural resources used in a number of applications including land evaluation, agricultural production potentials, sustainable management of natural resources, ecosystem services and ecologic and economic modeling. The GAEZ data portal aims at making available to the public the GAEZ database
Agro-Ecological Zoning (2002)
Land Resources
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Does social media and mobile phones enable cyberbullying?
- 116 Posts
UNICEF tackles cyberbullying
The internet provides us with so many opportunities to socialize, entertain ourselves and learn; but there is also an unpleasant side. In recent years more and more people have been paying attention to the issue of 'cyberbullying' – which is bullying that takes place using digital tools like mobile phones and computers.
What do you think...
1. Do you think that social media and the use of mobile phones is making it easier for young people to bully one another?
Tip: Think about your own experiences. If you don't feel comfortable, ask your friends' or your family members to share their experiences.
2. What support services do you think could help young people if they are experiencing bullying problems?
Tip: Think about what role YOU and your friends can play in ending this behavior. What methods have successfully worked for you in the past?


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"Keep the Change"
Season 3 Episode 10 | 16m 16s
David has autism, but he prides himself on not being rigid, "like that movie Rain Man." He enjoys chasing women, offensive humor and "exclusive clubs," but he comes to reevaluate "normal" when he meets a new love interest at a support group. A short film by Rachel Israel. Made at Columbia University.
Aired: 06/25/15Video has closed captioning.
Problems Playing Video?
Film School Shorts is made possible by a grant from Maurice Kanbar, celebrating the vitality and power of the moving image, and by the members of KQED.


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Arizona's Mike Stoops expects young O-line to come through
LOS ANGELES — There can't be many FBS college football teams that must replace all five starters on the offensive line. But Arizona is one.
Wildcats coach Mike Stoops told reporters Tuesday during Pac-12 media day interviews that he is confident the newbies will develop into a good unit.
"These guys are hard-working and talented," Stoops said of the new starters. "I think they can be better than the guys we had a year ago. We just have to let them grow."
But Stoops also said: "We hope our experience at quarterback and receiver will balance out our inexperience at offensive line."


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Consistently saturated soils from heavy spring rainfall have taken their toll on some of Indiana's forage crops – especially alfalfa grown on soils that are less than moderately well drained.
Alfalfa samples that Purdue Extension forage specialist Keith Johnson has seen have suffered from too much moisture. "Alfalfa is the most prone to problems," Johnson said. "The plants are yellowing or showing a pea green color, which means soils have been too water-saturated for nitrogen fixation to occur."
The stress and moisture also can make alfalfa plants more prone to common diseases, such as spring black stem, rhizoctonia or phytopthora. While samples containing these diseases have not yet made their way to Purdue's Plant and Pest Diagnostic Laboratory, they have been common alfalfa diseases in past years.
As weather improves, Johnson urged producers to harvest their alfalfa crop when the crop is in late bud to very early flower.
"The best alfalfa growers can do at this point is hope for drier days and get out there and harvest the first cutting," he said. "They should evaluate which fields can be driven upon without damage to cut legume crowns or grass stem bases."
But even if producers are able to harvest the crop soon, the first cutting may not be a "grade A" feed crop, Johnson said.
"The stress means the protein content is down and that the energy content could be in question," he said. "As livestock producers balance livestock rations they should certainly analyze stressed crops before feeding them to their animals."
Livestock producers also may notice problems with damaged pastures, depending on soil types and the types of grasses present. Luckily, however, because temperatures have been cool during the recent floods and heavy rains, with the exception of a couple of days, stand loss shouldn't be as much of an issue as it would be in mid-summer.
"Heat during floods is much worse for pastures than the recent cool temperatures," Johnson said. "We have pretty resilient pastures, especially in southern Indiana where tall fescue is dominant, so livestock producers just need to think about soil types and let animals graze in areas less prone to damage."
If pastures show signs of damage caused by hoof action or water saturated soil, Johnson urges producers to continue to scout damaged areas and determine if reseeding is necessary, he said.
For cool-season grasses and legumes, like those common in Indiana pastures, the next ideal seeding time is August and very early September. Livestock producers also can wait to overseed in late winter months.
"Farmers can work now to get pasture fertility in line, control broadleaf weeds and then overseed in late winter," Johnson said. FG
—Excerpts from Purdue University News Service


text:
Before salesforce.com, Gross led product marketing for Grand Central, where he helped create one of the first companies in the Web Services space. He also co-founded Personify, a San Francisco-based CRM software company that focused on analytics and personalization, and served as a technology analyst in Stanford Research Institute's Media Futures Program.
Gross holds a B.S. in new media systems and policy from Carnegie Mellon University.


text:
In 1993 the 103rd
Congress unanimously signed into Public
Law the Apology
America publicly
admitted to illegally overthrowing its
ally and trading partner the Sovereign
Kingdom of Hawaii and falsely imprisoning
the beloved Queen Liliuokalani.
Since then, America,
has done everything it can to avoid the
consequences of this Bill. The inevitable
result will be the restoration of a
sovereign Hawaii.
Feburary 22, 1998,
Majesty Akahi Nui, grandnephew of Queen
Liliuokalani was coronated King of the Hawaiian Nation
at the Iolani Palace. He holds the Kingdom
of Hawaii Diplomatic Passport, is recognized internationally and has signed treaties with other nations.
Kingdom of Hawai'i, Nation
Sovereign Nation of God
P.O. Box 2845
Wailuku, Mokupuni O Maui
This Site Hosted by
MauiMacMedic.com © 2000


text:
XKB issues
Basically, this list is a subset of the bugs related to the component 'Input/XKB' of the product 'xorg' in bugzilla.freedesktop.org (see full list)
xkbcomp at X startup
Issue Description
xkbcomp at X startup is unnecessary performance penalty. Possible alternatives:
- Rewriting xkbcomp to make it more effecient (for example, by caching the configuration)
- Using shared library directly from X server. That library would also be used by setxkbmap.
XKM format should be deprecated
Issue Description
XKM as a binary format has some serious issues:
- Not readable
- Some information is not presentable (see #4927)
- TBC (Daniel, feel free to express all your hatred here;)
Textual XKB format should be the only format of the persistant configuration data used by XKB.
xkbcomp needs :all syntax for rules
Issue Description
The following functionality is needed in xkbcomp: If some XKB option is using some symbols in group 1, they should be propagated to all groups present in the configuration. Something like
! option = symbols
og:abc = symfile(v):all
// equal to og:abc = symfile(v):1 + symfile(v):2 + ... till the last group
setxkbmap is unable to explain the rules it applied
Issue Description
Sometimes setxkbmap makes non-trivial decisions regarding the way it applies the rules. Even using dozen of -v options does not help. What would be useful to have is some way to see the list of the rules applied to the input components (with references to line numbers in the rules file perhaps).


text:
Welcome to the CONCACAF Media Center!
The CONCACAF Media Center is a password protected platform built to provide members of the media with the latest information, services and accreditation for CONCACAF Events and Competitions.
Reporters, writers, photographers, editors and broadcasters who register will have access to information that is not made public on CONCACAF.com.
Only Media Members who have registered and been approved for the CONCACAF Media Center will be able to apply for accreditation through the Accreditation Center for CONCACAF Tournaments and Events.
If you have any questions, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. We look forward to serving you through the Media Center.
Thank you,
Media Services Department
Media members who do not wish to register for the CONCACAF Media Center, but wish to receive the Press Releases, may sign up for our distribution list here.


text:
35 members15 Comments 5 Likes
Val W has not received any gifts yet
All right is your birthday!!
In behalf of the Administration and the managers we want to let you know that , today is a very special day. A day to celebrate and cherish the day you were born. May your day be filled with love, blessings and all your heart desires. Let the Angels embraced you with there love now and forever. With love and blessings.
Ms. Gypsy
Welcome to our Family!!
Is an honor to welcome you to this wonderful family. I know you will enjoy it as much as I have. In behalf of the Administration and the managers we want you to make yourself at home. Feel free to ask us any questions. May the Angels guide you and protected you know and always. Many Blessings and love .
A very quick overview to help you navigate your way around our site:
The tab 'Lobby' takes you to our main front page, 'The Self' tab takes you to your page, the 'Oversoul' tab is where you will find all of our members and the tab 'Media Center' is where you will find all of our videos, and the videos that members have uploaded as well.
You will find a more in-depth overview to help you navigate this site in the group 'Member Orientation Station' which you will find by looking under the 'Our Groups' tab, along with all of our other groups. Please don't hesitate to ask me if there is anything I can help you with as well. Take your time and enjoy finding your way around. It's wonderful to have you here with us, welcome :D
© 2020 Created by Humanity Healing International. Powered by


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Arvest Bank has announced additional accommodations for our customers affected by the current government shutdown. Because we understand the uncertainty caused by an interruption in income, we've established a Special Assistance Customer Care hotline for our customers who need help managing their accounts during this time.
If you have concerns about your accounts related to the government shutdown, please call this dedicated line during normal business hours –
Arvest Special Assistance Customer Care: (877) 483-2940.
A customer care associate will walk you through specific accommodations available to you.
At Arvest we are committed to helping our customers through this challenging time. If you have questions about any of the above accommodations or your eligibility, please do not hesitate to call (877) 483-2940.
As the school year approaches, so does your annual school supply shopping trip. While pencils and paper are a necessary part of your child's educational experience, the cost of supplies can add up quickly.
Don't get overwhelmed by the growing shopping bill! There are several things you can do right now to make sure your total doesn't break the bank.
Check out Credit Card Rewards
Did you know you can get a $100 rewards bonus by simply opening a new credit card account with Arvest Bank? Use the credit card on your back to school shopping trip, and earn Arvest Flex Rewards on all purchases.
This opportunity has something for everyone! Check out the options online and find the right credit card to fit your lifestyle.
Plan Ahead
Be on the lookout for online sales or sales tax holidays, which can help you stick to your budget. Often, stores run out of high-demand supplies or brand name clothing as school approaches. Forbes* recommends buying those items early in the summer to avoid last-minute stress.
Some states offer sales tax holidays on school supplies and clothing. Check to see if your state is listed*, and mark your calendar now so you can take advantage of the savings. Use your credit card on the shopping trip and earn rewards points on top of the already great deals!
Be Willing to Wait
In addition to looking for deals ahead of time, Consumer Reports* suggests staggering purchases. Consider buying your child one new outfit when school starts and waiting until October or November to invest in the rest of their wardrobe.
The best deals will be available later in the year, and your child will have time to decide what clothes they really want to buy! Don't worry, you won't miss out on your credit card rewards points, but you will miss the back to school frenzy at the mall.
Buy More for Less
It's no secret that buying in bulk is often the cheaper option and the same is true when it comes to school supplies. If the bulk price seems too high and the item quantity excessive, Money Crashers* suggests coordinating with other parents who are buying the same school supplies. Split the cost and the supplies and everyone wins! Plus, if you volunteer to use your credit card to purchase the supplies, you'll earn points which can be redeemed for cash back or statement credit at a later date.
Limit Spending on Trends
While cartoon character-themed backpacks and trendy clothing may be tempting, the appeal can quickly fade and result in wasted money. Instead, The Penny Hoarder* suggests buying generic supplies when possible. Encourage your child to be creative and decorate the blank covers of their notebooks and binders!
Specialty items don't have to be entirely off limits! Money Crashers* recommends limiting your child to two character-themed items and allowing them to choose their favorites. Your child will get the fun school supplies they want and you'll get rewards points when you use your credit card at check out!
The views of this article are for general information use only. Please contact and speak with a subject expert or your banker when specific advice is needed.
*Link is a third-party site not operated or endorsed by Arvest Bank, an FDIC-insured institution.
As kids prepare to return to class, it's the parents who are gearing up for the shopping assignment.
Back-to-school shopping is one of the most significant shopping events all year, second only to the winter holiday season, according to the National Retail Federation.* Last year, total back-to-school spending was estimated to top $75 billion nationwide.
During the weeks leading up to the first day of school, parents generally spend hundreds of dollars per child* on clothing, accessories, school supplies, electronics and more. It's no wonder that the winding down of summer can be a stressful time for many families.
That's why we've compiled a list of three easy tips to help you ace the school shopping assignment with confidence and perhaps a little less stress.
It often feels like you never have enough money to buy everything you want. Whether you make $150,000 a year or you make $35,000 a year, you can still be just as hard up for cash. In fact, those with the higher incomes may be even more in need of money to meet their expenses.
Submitted questions will be answered by an Arvest banker and may appear on the Arvest Blog.
All Arvest banks are Equal Housing Lenders and Member FDIC.
Investment products and services are provided by Arvest Investments, Inc., doing business as Arvest Asset Management, member FINRA/SIPC, an SEC registered investment adviser and a subsidiary of Arvest Bank. Trust services are provided by Arvest Bank. Insurance products are made available through Arvest Insurance, Inc., which is registered as an insurance agency. Insurance products are marketed through Arvest Insurance, Inc., but are underwritten by insurance companies.
Securities and Insurance Products: Not Insured by FDIC or any Federal Government Agency, May Lose Value, Not a Deposit of or Guaranteed by a Bank or any Bank Affiliate.


text:
Uncyclopedia is almost full
Uncyclopedia is almost full. Last night, eight years after its creation, the techs working Uncyclopedia's servers told me that the site only has room for a few hundred more edits. That's it. The tent is folding on this white elephant.
No, no, don't get upset. Remember, "All things must pass", and those other loser platitudes. We've had a damn good run if I say so myself, and I'd like to thank all of our readers and writers for sticking with us throughout the years.
The good news is that we will continue to host what we have now, and I hope that everyone enjoys Uncy-in-stasis for decades to come. It will be like a great painting, but no longer like the Harry Potter type of painting that you can talk to and take out for a drink. More like the original Monet water-lilies hanging behind the toilet on my yacht. Pretty soon it'll just be sitting there, nice to look at but no longer something you can use your crayons on.
Any questions?
"Can I still edit?"
No. Editing the site will be impossible. The servers are so full of edits, forums, flame wars, articles, talk pages, quotes, illustrations and vanity pieces that there's simply no more room. We're full up.
"But what about my favorite articles, can I still read them?"
Odds are, yes. The only variable is if an IP comes along and blanks the page of your favorite article just as Uncyclopedia tops off. Then it'll stay blank for all eternity, or until the electricity goes south too.
"Can't you just buy more servers, Mr. Murdoch?"
I can but I won't. Better to let this fish die and then mount it.
You know, one of my nephews is an Uncyclopedia editor. That's why I bought the place, so they can't ban him for life again. He's even an honorary member of its version of the Baseball Hall of Fame--actually a decent place to find some good reading. So when this situation came up I asked him if he wanted me to look around and find a used server to keep the site afloat and, while we're at it, give him the ultimate power over what's deleted and what's kept. "No, but thanks, Uncle Rupert", he said, "There are just way too many gay liberals there. It makes me worry about the state of today's youth, and what the world will look like when my generation takes over." I was so proud of the lad that I reached over, patted him on his ass, and decided then and there to groom him to take over a few stray corners of my corporate empire.
Okay, you, the blonde in the front.
"Will the gif's keep moving?"
You mean those pictures that move around and make you laugh? Yeah, they won't stop. I like the one on Hentai personally. I keep hoping that they'll let the little girl play too. But they never do.
"So which article will be featured when the site is frozen?"
Whichever one is featured at the time uncyclopedia freezes over will always be featured. As will the UnNews of the day, and all those things nobody looks at below the screen. The "Writer of the Month" when the ship goes down will always be writer of the month, and SPIKE will always win the news narrator award. Things will be cut and dried then, no mysteries, no more drama. We're going to put the plastic flower in a vase and dust it twice a year.
"Uncy, henceforth shunting aside, nay, utterly forsaking, Norris, Grues, Jesii, Wilde, T and Sophia en masse, alas, shan't aforesaid myriad heedfully crafted memes meander, elapse, divagate, betwixt and/or epic fail?"
I didn't understand a word you said. Next.
"Why don't you just sell the site to Trump or someone?"
Why should I? You think that orange-haired-boy would appreciate owning the Uncyclopedia? He'd break it up, sell it piecemeal - have you ever tried to sell a comedy article to Playboy, like fishing for marbles - and let his dim-witted children jiz all over it. Jizz all over it. . .jizz all over it. . .that's something. . . I. . . used to do. . .can't do. . . anymore. . .
/Murdoch looks off into the distance for 15 seconds, smiles, seemingly lost in thought, then is lightly shaken on the shoulder by Uncy's press secretary).
Yeah, whew, excuse me. I just had a senior fond-memory-moment there. That's happening to me more and more, which, to be honest with you liars, is one reason I'm giving up the joint. I can't handle it anymore. Running this outfit and herding you clowns is way too much stimulation for my cranium to process without short-circuiting.
Alright, next question.
"Will the stalled site contain advertisements?"
Do you mean things like moving banner ads for toothpaste across the top of the page, or large, obnoxious, self-serving multi-colored distractions along the left or right side of the creative work? Who do you think I am? Yeah, the name "Rupert Murdoch" equates to mud in this little industry, but even I have some principles and aesthetic sense. And at least a minimal respect for my writers. Security, escort that man out.
"Can a wizard stop the freeze-drying of Uncyclopedia?"
I doubt it, but he can try. Wouldn't hurt. In fact, you know what, all you fucking wanna-be's can get together, form a prayer circle, and sing Hosanna to try to get me to buy a new server. But unless you can bring back Clara Bow and Marilyn Monroe to twiddle my swizzle-stick, relieve my stress, and fulfill several lifelong fantasies, I'd say your chances of stopping this are as likely as the Queen's bodyguards actually caring enough for the old bat to throw themselves in the path of a bullet.
You, the hippie with your dirty hand up.
"This is all rubbish, Murdoch! You're closing the site because of its openness and its love of freedom of speech. Don't give me this server scam."
/Security personnel move in and grab the hippie's dirty and oily arms.
"Get your dogs off me, Murdoch! Uncy isn't well publicized, almost no publicity at all! Laws are now being put into place concerning copyright. Internet control is. . ."
/Billyclubs knock the hippie to Kingdom come. A few of the blood splatters which hastily exit his body drift over to land on the blonde, and reporters and Uncy's straight editors rush over to the blonde with concerned expressions, handkerchiefs, and glasses of water and wine as the hippie's limp body is dragged away.
Did anyone hear that man's question? I didn't hear a question in there. I did notice he hasn't showered this week. Yes, you, the geek with no suntan.
"Couldn't you just dump half the articles on the site, which would relieve the carrying load by 50%, and buy us some time?"
See here, four eyes, Uncyclopedia's back is against the wall, the blindfold is on, and it's going into the cornfield. Maybe your plan would work, Professor Quiz Quiz, if only I cared. But if I cared enough then I'd just buy a new shiny server and name her Lucille.
"What will the writers do?"
They have a thousand options. I certainly don't want to keep paying them after the site dusts out. I've already got a guy trying to sell their contracts and work-product to antiques like The Onion, Letterman's show, or Curb Your Enthusiasm. The only return calls we've gotten are from David Coulter's people and that Disney guy who's trying to revive Wonder Showzen.
"Will you give Uncyclopedia's writers and administrators a severance package?"
Yeah, sure. Here, they can have this package.
/Mr. Murdoch then reached down, grabbed his crotch, and yanked it a couple of times in the direction of the Uncy editors in the room. He then tried to unzip his pants, repeatedly failed, and just made a damn fool of himself.
|Featured Article (read another featured article)
|Featured version: 24 December 2010
This article has been featured on the front page. — You can vote for or nominate your favourite articles at Uncyclopedia:VFH.


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For nine decades and across several generations, our temple has served as a crossroads for families, friends, and spiritual teachers of the Buddha Dharma.
By growing together, we seek to better understand our lives and live fully with the Dharma as our guide. Faced with the great problems of life--birth, sickness, old age, and death--the Buddha teaches us that through this suffering, we may awaken to great wisdom. Let us follow this path together as "fellow travelers."
The Berkeley Higashi Honganji Temple, located in Berkeley, California, is affiliated with Shinshu Otani-ha, also called Higashi Honganji Temple, in Kyoto, Japan.
Jodo Shinshu Buddhism, or "True Pure Land Buddhism," sprung from the teachings of Shinran Shonin about 800 years ago. Jodo Shinshu is the largest sect of Buddhism in Japan and its first temples in the United States were established more than 100 years ago. In 2016, we celebrated the 90th year of our temple's founding.
We welcome all who are interested to join us.


text:
I know very little about this make up session, other than it was done by M.A.C.. It is pretty impressive to see the blonde girl from Lichtenstein's painting in real life.
Update (Feb. 13th, 2010): This was done for a Halloween make-up session by M.A.C artist Karin Stone, in Chicago, IL. Information provided by viewer sjstone at BoingBoing.
Make-up art based from paintings by Roy Lichtenstein:
Top: "Crying Girl" (1963) by Roy Lichtenstein. © Estate of Roy Lichtenstein
"Crying Girl" (1964) by Roy Lichtenstein. © Estate of Roy Lichtenstein
Link via Geekologie


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Officials See Risk in the Release of Images of Iraq Prisoner Abuse - New York TimesAugust 12, 2005
Officials See Risk in the Release of Images of Iraq Prisoner Abuse
By JULIA PRESTON
Senior Pentagon officials have opposed the release of photographs and videotapes of the abuse of detainees at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq, arguing that they would incite public opinion in the Muslim world and put the lives of American soldiers and officials at risk, according to documents unsealed in federal court in New York.
Gen. Richard B. Myers, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, said in a statement put forth to support the Pentagon's case that he believed that "riots, violence and attacks by insurgents will result" if the images were released.
The papers were filed in Federal District Court in Manhattan in an ongoing lawsuit by the American Civil Liberties Union to obtain under the Freedom of Information Act the release of 87 photos and four videotapes taken at Abu Ghraib. The photos were among those turned over to Army investigators last year by Specialist Joseph M. Darby, a reservist who was posted at Abu Ghraib.
The documents reveal both the high level and the determination of the Pentagon officials engaged in the effort to block disclosure of the images, and their alarm at the prospect that the photos might become public.
In his statement, dated July 21, General Myers said he became aware on June 17 that a release might be imminent. He said he consulted with Gen. John P. Abizaid, head of the United States Central Command, and Gen. George W. Casey Jr., the commander of the American forces in Iraq. Both officers also opposed the release, General Myers said.
His statement makes it clear that he has examined the images and finds them disturbing.
"I condemn in the strongest terms the misconduct and abuse depicted in these images," General Myers said in the statement. "It was illegal, immoral and contrary to American values and character."
Judge Alvin K. Hellerstein authorized the A.C.L.U. yesterday to make public papers it filed on Aug. 3 contesting the Pentagon argument that the images must be withheld because they put individuals at risk. The A.C.L.U. said the government was seeking to withhold the photos only "to avert adverse reaction," undermining the information act.
The A.C.L.U.'s papers drew attention to the Pentagon's filings, which had been unsealed last week.
"The situation on the ground in Iraq is dynamic and dangerous," General Myers said, with 70 insurgent attacks daily. He also said there was evidence that the Taliban, though still weak, was gaining ground because of popular discontent in Afghanistan.
General Myers cited the violence that erupted in some Muslim countries in May after Newsweek published an item, later retracted, saying that a Koran had been thrown in a toilet in the United States detention center in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. He also said the images could fuel terrorist disinformation campaigns.
"It is probable that Al Qaeda and other groups will seize upon these images and videos as grist for their propaganda mill, which will result in, besides violent attacks, increased terrorist recruitment, continued financial support and exacerbation of tensions between Iraqi and Afghani populaces and U.S. and coalition forces," he said.


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As my belly begins to expand (literally more and more every day!), I am steadily getting excited about bringing out the baby toys again. So when I saw the Stack Me Up toy from ALEX Jr, it was love at first sight.
Not only is it adorable, but it really is a great developmental toy! While it is geared toward kids six months to one year of age, I believe that this toy is perfect to grow with your child during the first two years of life. Younger children love the sensory elements while older kids love to explore the more imaginative side of the toy.
Here are developmental skills that I thought this toy really targeted:
Sensory Development: Much of your child's development in his first year of life is concentrated in the sensory systems. Alex Jr's Stack Me Up stimulates several of your child's senses, including touch, sight, and sound. And while your child may not be able to coordinate their movements to stack up the pieces when younger than six months, they will enjoy exploring with the various sensory components. Each tier includes bright, fun colors and patterns, as well as familiar sounds for your child to explore, including squeaks, crinkles, and rattles. The sense of touch is activated as your child explores the different soft and bumpy textures.
I personally love this toy because it also encourages your child to explore with his mouth. During the first year of life, a child's primary means of exploration is through the mouth. The little teethers are in perfect position for your little one to grasp and chew!
Motor Development: Stacking is an early developmental skill. I love the Velcro stacker versus the ring stacker design because it allows your child to build their coordination and accuracy gradually. They are able to be successful even if they are unable to align the pieces perfectly together. Another one of my favorite parts of Stack Me Up is that it encourages your child to use both of their hands together to pull and push the pieces together, which builds bilateral skills.
Cognitive Development: Of course, ALEX Jr's Stack Me Up is great for encouraging imagination, cause and effect, and problem-solving, but I, personally, love the cute build-a-creature-design. I think this is a great way to introduce body awareness as you play, identifying the legs, arms, body, facial features, and hair on the toy and your child at the same time!
Of course my 22 month old jumped right in on the fun! Since she is older, we focused more on talking about the different parts of the body, counting the pieces, and sorting by size, all of which were great entertainment and a great learning opportunity in one!


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If you haven't yet read Kate's latest piece on the Kevin Smith/Southwest Airlines debacle, get thee to Broadsheet, stat. It is definitive, and it is moving, and it will remind you of why you started reading Kate's work in the first place.
Whenever the issue of whether larger people should be forced to buy two airline seats comes up — as it did this weekend, when director Kevin Smith was booted from a Southwest Airlines flight, and as it did last April, after United introduced a policy practically identical to Southwest's — the first and only thing a lot of folks think of is that time they had to sit next to a fat person on a flight, and it was so uncomfortable.
Here's the first thing I think of when this issue comes up […] The weekend my mom was dying.
Read the whole thing, and the next time someone concern trolls you about fat people flying, send them that link. If their heart's not broken by it, they didn't have one in the first place.


text:
Salaam and Greetings of Peace:
I have been "Tagged" by our dear Sister at the wonderful Almiskeenah blog. It is a book meme tag, and the rules are as follows.
1. Pick up the nearest book (of at least 123 pages)
2. Open the book to page 123
3. Find the 5th Sentence.
4. Post the next 3 sentences
5. Tag 5 people
As it turns out, the nearest book to me was a copy of my own, Master of the Jinn: A Sufi Novel, which I am rereading for typos and errors to correct in the next edition, and in the foreign language editions coming out later this year. Here then are sentences six, seven and eight from page 123.
The ancient faqir seemed lost in thought for a moment, watching the light slant across the waves as it was absorbed by the sea. His face and beard were turned red as the waters, as if he too were absorbing the light. Without turning, he said, "Verily, God's mercy precedeth His wrath."
I am tagging Sister Suroor, Sister Sumera, Brother Katib, Brother Abdur Rahman, and Brother Sadiq. May Allah bless them all, and may they forgive me :)
Ya Haqq!
PS: If you would like to read the whole book, order HERE, or get a FREE EBOOK of Master of the Jinn in pdf format. Just email me at Irvingk57 at aol dot com and write Ebook in the subject line, and I will be happy to send it to you :)


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About This Product
Oil & Slip Resistant Rubber outsole with strategically placed flex grooves. Molded EVA Midsole provides all day long comfort. Removable polyurethane insole, breathable latex-free insole with arch support & heel cupping provides all day comfort. Genuine Leather upper with Synthetic overlays for additional texture and depth. Infinity Metal Logo on the lateral panel, customized tongue logo & Printed Infinity logo on insole. The Lining and Insole's top fabric is Anti Microbial treated to reduce odor-causing bacteria. Heel height 1 1/2
- Men's Shoes
- Athletic
- Slip Resistant
- Lightweight
- Lace Up
- Oil & Slip Resistant
- Leather
Infinity Footwear


text:
National Register Home
- About Us »
- NR Fundamentals »
- How to List a Property »
- Weekly List »
- Database / Research »
- Publications »
- Guidance »
- Frequently Asked Questions »
- Features / What's New »
- Sample Nominations »
- Preservation Links »
- Contact Us »
- For Travelers »
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National Register of Historic Places Program:
NASA Langley Research Center Historic District,
Hampton Independent City, Virginia
The National Register of Historic Places is the official list of the Nation's historic places worthy of preservation. Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Service's National Register of Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America's historic and archeological resources.
The NASA Langley Research Center is located on approximately 796 acres of in the city of Hampton, Virginia. The installation is roughly bordered on the east by the adjacent Langley Air Force Base. Internally, the NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) Langley Research Center is divided into two separate sections, the East Area and the West Area. The East Area of the NASA Langley Research Center is the older of the two, initially developed in 1917 by NASA's predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which desired to direct the scientific study of flight for the United States in the crucial years before the nation became involved in the First World War.
This photograph is not in our file, but from NASA's Langley website: http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/multimedia/
images.html - It is simply too good not to include
The NASA Langley Research Center--the successor of the NACA's Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory (LMAL) and later the Langley Aeronautical Laboratory-was the nation's first civilian aeronautics laboratory and played a principal role in the American aerospace story. From its beginnings in 1917, the NASA Langley Research Center has examined complex and groundbreaking issues associated with flight and space travel. Collaborative research conducted in wind tunnels and laboratories, as well as testing of research aircraft, spaceflight, and flight simulators at the NASA Langley Research Center have led to significant advances in American aeronautical and space research and technology.
Read the full file on NASA Langley Research Center Historic District
To see more photographs of National Register properties go to our photostream on Flickr.
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Simplo Technology Co (新普科技), the world's largest battery pack supplier for notebook computers and tablets, yesterday forecast that its fourth-quarter revenue would post sequential growth of between 15.7 percent and 18.46 percent, as it gradually ramps up shipments for Apple Inc's new products.
The Hsinchu-based firm said it expects revenue in the range of NT$16.8 billion to NT$17.2 billion (US$566.6 million to US$580.1 million) this quarter, compared with the NT$14.52 billion it made in the third quarter, a company filing with the Taiwan Stock Exchange showed.
Simplo's sales forecast is lower than the 20 percent quarterly increase predicted by SinoPac Securities Investment Service Co (永豐投顧), but falls in line HSBC Securities Taiwan Corp's estimate of 17 percent, amid signs of improved demand for Apple's iPad Air, MacBook Pro and iPhones.
The company yesterday also predicted that its net profit in the October-to-December period will range from NT$926 million to NT$970 million, or earnings per share (EPS) of between NT$3.01 and NT$3.15, up from the NT$835 million, or NT$2.71 EPS, recorded in the third quarter,
In addition, Simplo estimated that its gross margin would climb to 11 percent this quarter from 10.88 percent the previous quarter.
Yuanta Securities Corp (元大證券) said Simplo's fourth-quarter earnings guidance is 12.4 percent above its forecast of NT$843 million, possibly because of the additional subsidy income from the Chongqing government and higher than expected iPhone production yield.
Still, Yuanta analyst Dennis Chan (詹宗勳) yesterday said in a client note that he forecast Simplo's net profit to drop 5.09 percent year-on-year to NT$3.14 billion this year and to fall by 15.5 percent next year to NT$2.65 billion on lower non-operating income and strong competition.
Simplo shares closed 1.15 percent lower at NT$129.50 yesterday ahead of the release of its fourth-quarter outlook.
The stock has declined 11.3 percent so far this year, according to GRETAI Securities Market statistics.
The battery manufacturer, which also counts Hewlett-Packard Co, Dell Inc, Levono Group (聯想), Acer Inc (宏碁) and Asustek Computer Inc (華碩) among its major clients, recorded NT$5.47 billion in consolidated revenue last month, up 3 percent month-on-month, but down 3.58 percent annually.
In the first 10 months of the year, Simplo's cumulative revenue totaled NT$43 billion, a decrease of 9.84 percent from a year earlier, company data showed.
The firm expects this month's sales to continue increasing from last month, but visibility for next month remains vague, Simplo chairman and CEO Raymond Sung (宋福祥) was quoted as saying at an investors' conference by the Chinese-language Apple Daily yesterday.
For the whole of the year, the company is predicting revenue of between NT$54.32 billion and NT$54.72 billion, 6.9 percent to 7.6 percent lower than the NT$58.84 billion it made last year.
Its net profit is expected to reach between NT$3.13 billion and NT$3.17 billion this year, or earnings per share of between NT$10.15 and NT$10.29, with an 11.11 percent gross margin, Simplo said.
Analysts said the company faces earnings challenge next year due to tepid notebook and ultrabook computer sales, lower average selling prices and decreasing profit margins for the battery packs used in Apple's iPad Air, as well as increasing competition from Chinese rivals.


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Hungry Hamster's Adorable Cheeks Nearly Burst With Carrots
Have you ever seen someone eat a ton of food and wonder, "Where does he put it?" Well, you'll be asking that when you watch this little critter.
This hamster is jamming carrots in its mouth like its saving them for doomsday.
It's crazy...absolutely adorable.


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Photo Credit: Kristina Carucci


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[Sensor_Name: Short_Name='RAWINSONDES']
Monthly mean mid-tropospheric temperatures above Australian Antarctic stations.Entry ID: SOE_mid_tropo
Abstract: INDICATOR DEFINITION
Monthly means of daily temperatures at the 500hPa level (mid-troposphere), from radiosonde soundings above Australian Antarctic stations Casey, Davis, Mawson and Macquarie Island.
There are three types of indicators used in this report:
1.Describes the CONDITION of important elements of a system;
2.Show the extent of the major PRESSURES exerted on a system;
... 3.Determine RESPONSES to either condition or changes in the condition of a system.
This indicator is one of: CONDITION
Global climate models show warming in response to increased greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, methane etc) concentrations in the atmosphere; this is called the 'enhanced greenhouse effect'. There is interest in climate variability and change not just at the surface, but extending up into the atmosphere. There is evidence of warming in the lower troposphere, but cooling in the lower stratosphere.
Spatial Scale: Australian Antarctic stations: Casey (lat 66 degrees 16' 54.5" S, long 110 degrees 31' 39.4" E), Davis (lat 68 degrees 34' 35.8" S, long 77 degrees 58' 02.6" E), Mawson (lat 67 degrees 36' 09.7" S, long 62 degrees 52' 25.7" E) and Macquarie Island (lat 54 degrees 37' 59.9" S, long 158 degrees 52' 59.9" E).
Temporal scale: Monthly.
Measurement technique: Radiosonde.
There is need to develop a high-quality data set from the available data, correcting erroneous data and estimating missing data. Adjustment may be necessary for changes in instrumentation or observing practices.
Some of these changes are documented in the station history files held by the Regional Observations Section. These history files are currently held as paper records, although more recent information is held electronically and there is an effort to digitise the older records.
Before the data can be used for the detection of change, a concerted effort will need to be made to identify deficiencies in the data, and then make compensations where possible. This is made more difficult by the lack of suitable comparison sites.
Over recent years satellite data exist, which could be used in conjunction with radiosonde data. Satellite data and radiosonde data from other nations should lead to a greater coverage.
SOE Indicators 1 - Monthly mean air temperatures for Australian Antarctic Stations.
SOE Indicators 2 - Monthly highest air temperatures for Australian Antarctic Stations
SOE Indicators 3 - Monthly lowest air temperatures for Australian Antarctic Stations
SOE Indicators 4 - Monthly mean lower-stratospheric temperature above Australian Antarctic stations
SOE Indicators 6 - Daily mean 10m Firn Temperatures at AWS sites in the AAT (deg C)
SOE Indicators 8 - Monthly mean of three-hourly mean sea level pressures (hPa)
SOE Indicators 11 - Atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gas species
Note - Station codes in the data are as follows:
300000 - Davis
300001 - Mawson
300004 - Macquarie Island
300017 - Casey
The fields in this dataset are:
Mean 500hPa Temperature
Station Code
Enough Observations
Number Observations
Related URL
Geographic Coverage
Spatial coordinates
Data Set Citation
Dataset Originator/Creator: Barnes-Keoghan, I.
Dataset Title: Monthly mean mid-tropospheric temperatures above Australian Antarctic stations.
Dataset Series Name: CAASM Metadata
Dataset Release Date: 2001-04-23
Dataset Publisher: Australian Antarctic Data Centre
Version: 1Online Resource: https://data.aad.gov.au/metadata/records/SOE_mid_tropo
Temporal Coverage
Start Date: 1948-04-01
Location Keywords
Data Resolution
Temporal Resolution: 30 Day(s)
Quality Monthly means are calculated from daily observations of temperature at the 500hPa level. Observations are restricted to within a few hours of 0000UTC to avoid biases and to allow comparison with limited historical data. If less than 25 daily observations are available for a given month, the monthly data are flagged and removed from the State of Environment dataset.
The monthly ... mid-tropospheric air temperature anomaly is calculated as the difference between the mean mid-tropospheric air temperature for a given month and the long-term mean mid-tropospheric air temperature for that calendar month between 1971 and 2000, so that:
Anomaly (for given month) = Value (for given month) - Long-term Mean (for relevant calendar month)
Although the Bureau of Meteorology uses the period from 1961 to 1990 as the standard period for calculation of long-term means, it was decided that for Antarctic stations, the 1971-2000 dataset was in most cases more complete, and would therefore provide a more accurate long-term mean.
These records require analysis for variability and trends. However, there are likely to be significant errors in the data, and these need to be addressed first (see Research Issues).
The data are subject to a number of quality checks, although these will not prevent errors:
- The radiosonde checks the reasonableness of raw values from the probes whilst converting to temperature.
- The receiving station applies reasonableness checks, generally with the involvement of a human observer.
Access Constraints Data arising from this project are available from the state of the environment indicator at the provided URL.
Use Constraints This data set conforms to the CCBY Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Please follow instructions listed in the citation reference provided at http://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/metadata/citation.cfm?entry_id=SOE_mid_... when using these data.
Ancillary Keywords
Data Set Progress
Originating Center
Data Center
Distribution Media: HTTP
Fees: Free
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Role: DIF AUTHOR
Phone: +61 3 6221 2043
Fax: +61 3 6221 2045
Email: I.Barnes-Keogahn at bom.gov.au
Contact Address:
Climate and Consultancy Section GPO Box 727 Bureau of Meteorology Tasmania and Antarctica Regional Office
City: Hobart
Province or State: Tasmania
Postal Code: 7001
Country: Australia
French, J., Burns, G., Greet, P. and French, K. (2000), Antarctic Noctilucent Clouds: The Upper Atmosphere Exposed to View., The Physicist, 37, 3, 85-90
Extended Metadata Properties
(Click to view more)
Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date: 2001-04-24
Last DIF Revision Date: 2019-04-11


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Rusty Shakleford notes something interesting in a CENTCOM message posted on Michelle Malkin's site:
Before my arrival to this press conference, I was informed that one of the three who were just captured or detained is Mazer Al-Jubouri, aka the Baghdad Sniper, and his group. He admitted many things that are very important and very dangerous and our forces used this information about his network and conducted raids in the past 24 hours and detained 30 terrorists. [emphasis Murdoc's]
I recently posted on the Juba legend here on MO:
Whether or not this "Juba" character is for real, or only a fantasy cooked up by the enemy's propaganda crew, the insurgents do have a fair number of proficient marksmen. You can bet that we've got guys working on getting this bastard and his comrades.
Here are a few recent links on Juba:
- Juba the Baghdad sniper eclipses Saddam's call for reconciliation
- Beware of Baghdad's sniper brigade!
- The sniper who shoots on video
- Hunt for 'super-snipers' who uses US tactics
- Mounting sniper threat in Iraq
Here are a few links about his apparent capture:
- [Insert sound of crickets here]
Anyway, Wizbang, Blackfive, and Flopping Aces have a bit of additional coverage.
UPDATE: Looks like Murdoc may have been a bit hasty when he criticized the mainstream media for not covering Juba's apparent capture. He has acquired an exclusive audio podcast of MSM coverage of the event. Listen to it here.


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Volunteers took part in a seafaring expedition to investigate the cetaceans of the North Atlantic.
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The waters surrounding Scotland's Hebrides are rich in marine mammals but lack well-researched conservation programs.
The waters surrounding the Hebrides of Scotland provide an important habitat for European cetaceans, and they are among the most significant areas in Europe for these fascinating mammals. The overall goal of this project was to provide detailed information on the number and distribution of cetaceans in the region. Identifying habitats of greatest importance to cetaceans is a vital step toward their effective management.
Volunteers traveled to the far north of Scotland, where they joined Earthwatch researchers and project staff on board the 60-foot Silurian, a Bermudan rigged ketch with two masts. For two weeks, they lived and worked together, surveying the rich Hebridean seas for 24 cetacean species, including the minke whale, common dolphin, white-beaked dolphin, and harbor porpoise.
In addition to observing cetaceans, the team observed basking sharks, common and gray seals, otters, turtles sunfish, and many thousands of nesting and breeding seabirds. They also logged vessel traffic and marine litter as part of an effort to better manage and conserve the oceans.
During their expedition the volunteers lived and worked at sea, sharing living quarters, meals, and recreational time.
Data collected by Earthwatch volunteers had a direct impact on safeguarding the biodiversity of the marine environment now and for the future.
Data collection provides critical tools for safeguarding the future of Scotland's cetaceans
In the waters off western Scotland, a combination of undersea trenches and peaks and cold and warm waters (an effect of the Gulf Stream) creates an environment that supports a wide range of cetaceans. Many of the 24 species found in this area are recognized as conservation priorities at the national and international levels. But despite the diversity and abundance of cetacean species, there are few management strategies to ensure their protection.
The effects of climate change on marine mammals are still uncertain.
The marine environment is ever changing, and with the prospect of climate change, offshore renewable energy development, and changes in the management of fish stocks, it is essential to understand how a species may react to changes in its environment over time. The effects of climate change on marine mammals are still uncertain; however, habitat fragmentation leading to population declines is a concerning possibility. Data collected by Earthwatch volunteers had a direct impact in safeguarding the biodiversity of the marine environment now and for the future.
The Hebrides consist of 550 islands located off the western coast of Scotland. Designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty for their diverse land- and seascapes and abundant wildlife, the islands are inhabited by a wide variety of sea birds as well as the mountain hare, pine marten, wild cat, and otter, which can often be sighted scampering around rocky shorelines at dusk.
Visitors to the Hebrides experience dramatic variation in the Scottish landscape, from the sheer cliffs of Scarba to the long stretches of sandy beaches on Tiree, the high sand dunes of Coll to the raised beaches of Jura. Each of the Scottish islands has its own unique character and is steeped in Highland history, traditions, and culture.
This is a summary:
As part of the field team, volunteers used a combination of visual and acoustic methods to monitor cetaceans. Acoustic monitoring, using specialized hydrophones, allowed the team to record the high-frequency sounds of harbor porpoises, which were analyzed by special software. The team also photographed whales and porpoises and matched observed individuals to those already photographed. Through the project's identification program, a number of minke whale have been re-identified over the past 15 years and are known to return to this area year after year.
Data collected by the team were used to model patterns of cetacean distribution and habitat preference over time, investigate movement patterns and demographics of cetaceans, and map environmental impacts on cetaceans from shipping, fishing, aquaculture, and marine debris.
For two weeks, volunteers worked together to survey Hebridean waters for species including the minke whale, common dolphin, white-beaked dolphin, and harbor porpoise.
The overall goal of the project was to provide detailed information on the number and distribution of cetaceans in the Hebrides region.
Dr. Jonathan Gordon has developed pioneering methods for studying cetaceans, and investigate human impacts on whales and dolphins.
Camp consists of several simple buildings erected on a large clearing in Budongo Forest. You'll stay in a single room that contains a bed, beddings, mosquito net, reading desk and a chair. All rooms are connected to solar electricity. There are three pit latrines on site which are shared by all. You'll have access to a warm shower, every evening after a long day's work. Water used at camp is harvested off the roofs or taken from the Sonso River so frugal use is necessary.
Evening meals are prepared by cooks who will prepare dishes including rice, chapati, potatoes, spaghetti, beans, beef, fish, ground nuts (peanuts), cow peas, assorted fresh vegetables and fruits, eggs. There are other local foods such as cassava, stewed bananas (locally known as matooke) and maize bread (locally known as ugali or posho). Breakfast will be western style.
Nam sollicitudin, this is a link example libero id malesuada commodo, est turpis sodales nisi, sit tincidunt felis nibh ac urna vivamus vel.
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Have you been on this expedition?
Claire Doe | Thursday, February 06, 2014
This was my first Earthwatch project and I was very unsure about what to expect. From the moment myself and the other 5 volunteers were met at the rendezvous point in Tobermory we were put at ease. We were welcomed onto the Silurian with a huge pot of tea and felt at home in no time.
After a morning of instruction we set sail and before long started collecting data. In teams of two we took it in turn to spot from the bow of the boat, record seabirds and input data into the computer. Two hours on then an hour off.
Each day we had a specific transect to follow and although we saw loads of Basking Shark and a Minke Whale we didn't record any dolphins. We did however see a Sun Fish, Seals, Porpoises and Golden Eagles as well as a variety of seabirds. The scenery was spectacular and I can't think of a better way to experience the Hebrides.
We all helped out with meal times although there was no pressure if you didn't feel up to actually cooking. After dinner we always had the opportunity to go on-shore for a walk or, on one occasion, to the pub! I will never forget watching the sunset from a raised beach on the Isle of Jura.
I learnt so much on this project from enthusiastic and knowledgeable staff and it ignited a passion in me for the unique and exciting experiences that you can only get from taking part in an Earthwatch project.
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How can we do a better job of sharing the ocean with whales and dolphins in one of the U.S.'s most populous areas?
Join an archaeological excavation near Hadrian's Wall to discover how the Romans lived in northern England.
How can we best help African wildlife return to and thrive in their native habitat?
How can we conserve one of the most species-rich rainforests on the planet?


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Swatch Men's Watch Irony Sistem51 Sistem Earth YIS400 Automatic
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Kia ora, G'day & Bula!
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