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Revision 1.120, Mon Aug 6 04:42:13 2007 UTC (12 years, 6 months ago) by lukem
reorder location of "-s srcaddr" in synopsis
.\" $NetBSD: ftp.1,v 1.120 2007/08/06 04:42:13 lukem Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1996-2007 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation .\" by Luke Mewburn. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the NetBSD .\" Foundation, Inc. and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of The NetBSD Foundation nor the names of its .\" contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived .\" from this software without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS .\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED .\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR .\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS .\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR .\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF .\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS .\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN .\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) .\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE .\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1989, 1990, 1993 .\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @(#)ftp.1 8.3 (Berkeley) 10/9/94 .\" .Dd August 6, 2007 .Dt FTP 1 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm ftp .Nd Internet file transfer program .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl 46AadefginpRtvV .Bk -words .Op Fl N Ar netrc .Ek .Bk -words .Op Fl o Ar output .Ek .Bk -words .Op Fl P Ar port .Ek .Bk -words .Op Fl q Ar quittime .Ek .Bk -words .Op Fl r Ar retry .Ek .Op Fl s Ar srcaddr .Bk -words .\" [-T dir,max[,inc]] .Oo .Fl T Xo .Sm off .Ar dir , .Ar max .Op , Ar inc .Sm on .Xc .Oc .Ek .Bk -words .\" [[user@]host [port]] .Oo .Oo Ar user Ns Li \&@ Oc Ns Ar host .Op Ar port .Oc .Ek .Bk -words .\" [[user@]host:[path][/]] .Sm off .Oo .Op Ar user Li \&@ .Ar host Li \&: .Op Ar path .Op Li / .Oc .Sm on .Ek .Bk -words .\" [file:///path] .Sm off .Oo .Li file:/// Ar path .Oc .Sm on .Ek .Bk -words .\" [ftp://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path[/]] .Sm off .Oo .Li ftp:// .Oo Ar user .Op Li \&: Ar password .Li \&@ Oc .Ar host Oo Li \&: Ar port Oc .Li / Ar path .Op Li / .Op Li ;type= Ar X .Oc .Sm on .Ek .Bk -words .\" [http://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path] .Sm off .Oo .Li http:// .Oo Ar user .Op Li \&: Ar password .Li \&@ Oc .Ar host Oo Li \&: Ar port Oc .Li / Ar path .Oc .Sm on .Ek .Op Ar \&.\&.\&. .Nm .Bk -words .Fl u Ar URL Ar file .Ek .Op Ar \&.\&.\&. .Sh DESCRIPTION .Nm is the user interface to the Internet standard File Transfer Protocol. The program allows a user to transfer files to and from a remote network site. .Pp The last five arguments will fetch a file using the .Tn FTP or .Tn HTTP protocols, or by direct copying, into the current directory. This is ideal for scripts. Refer to .Sx AUTO-FETCHING FILES below for more information. .Pp Options may be specified at the command line, or to the command interpreter. .Bl -tag -width Fl .It Fl 4 Forces .Nm to only use IPv4 addresses. .It Fl 6 Forces .Nm to only use IPv6 addresses. .It Fl A Force active mode ftp. By default, .Nm will try to use passive mode ftp and fall back to active mode if passive is not supported by the server. This option causes .Nm to always use an active connection. It is only useful for connecting to very old servers that do not implement passive mode properly. .It Fl a Causes .Nm to bypass normal login procedure, and use an anonymous login instead. .It Fl d Enables debugging. .It Fl e Disables command line editing. This is useful for Emacs ange-ftp mode. .It Fl f Forces a cache reload for transfers that go through the .Tn FTP or .Tn HTTP proxies. .It Fl g Disables file name globbing. .It Fl i Turns off interactive prompting during multiple file transfers. .It Fl n Restrains .Nm from attempting .Dq auto-login upon initial connection for non auto-fetch transfers. If auto-login is enabled, .Nm will check the .Pa .netrc (see below) file in the user's home directory for an entry describing an account on the remote machine. If no entry exists, .Nm will prompt for the remote machine login name (default is the user identity on the local machine), and, if necessary, prompt for a password and an account with which to login. To override the auto-login for auto-fetch transfers, specify the username (and optionally, password) as appropriate. .It Fl N Ar netrc Use .Ar netrc instead of .Pa ~/.netrc . Refer to .Sx THE .netrc FILE for more information. .It Fl o Ar output When auto-fetching files, save the contents in .Ar output . .Ar output is parsed according to the .Sx FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS below. If .Ar output is not .Sq - or doesn't start with .Sq \&| , then only the first file specified will be retrieved into .Ar output ; all other files will be retrieved into the basename of their remote name. .It Fl p Enable passive mode operation for use behind connection filtering firewalls. This option has been deprecated as .Nm now tries to use passive mode by default, falling back to active mode if the server does not support passive connections. .It Fl P Ar port Sets the port number to .Ar port . .It Fl q Ar quittime Quit if the connection has stalled for .Ar quittime seconds. .It Fl r Ar wait Retry the connection attempt if it failed, pausing for .Ar wait seconds. .It Fl R Restart all non-proxied auto-fetches. .It Fl s Ar srcaddr Uses .Ar srcaddr as the local IP address for all connections. .It Fl t Enables packet tracing. .It Xo .Fl T .Sm off .Ar direction , .Ar maximum .Op , Ar increment .Sm on .Xc Set the maximum transfer rate for .Ar direction to .Ar maximum bytes/second, and if specified, the increment to .Ar increment bytes/second. Refer to .Ic rate for more information. .It Fl u Ar URL file Op \&.\&.\&. Upload files on the command line to .Ar URL where .Ar URL is one of the ftp URL types as supported by auto-fetch (with an optional target filename for single file uploads), and .Ar file is one or more local files to be uploaded. .It Fl v Enable .Ic verbose and .Ic progress . This is the default if output is to a terminal (and in the case of .Ic progress , .Nm is the foreground process). Forces .Nm to show all responses from the remote server, as well as report on data transfer statistics. .It Fl V Disable .Ic verbose and .Ic progress , overriding the default of enabled when output is to a terminal. .El .Pp The client host with which .Nm is to communicate may be specified on the command line. If this is done, .Nm will immediately attempt to establish a connection to an .Tn FTP server on that host; otherwise, .Nm will enter its command interpreter and await instructions from the user. When .Nm is awaiting commands from the user the prompt .Ql ftp\*[Gt] is provided to the user. The following commands are recognized by .Nm ftp : .Bl -tag -width Ic .It Ic \&! Op Ar command Op Ar args Invoke an interactive shell on the local machine. If there are arguments, the first is taken to be a command to execute directly, with the rest of the arguments as its arguments. .It Ic \&$ Ar macro-name Op Ar args Execute the macro .Ar macro-name that was defined with the .Ic macdef command. Arguments are passed to the macro unglobbed. .It Ic account Op Ar passwd Supply a supplemental password required by a remote system for access to resources once a login has been successfully completed. If no argument is included, the user will be prompted for an account password in a non-echoing input mode. .It Ic append Ar local-file Op Ar remote-file Append a local file to a file on the remote machine. If .Ar remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used in naming the remote file after being altered by any .Ic ntrans or .Ic nmap setting. File transfer uses the current settings for .Ic type , .Ic format , .Ic mode , and .Ic structure . .It Ic ascii Set the file transfer .Ic type to network .Tn ASCII . This is the default type. .It Ic bell Arrange that a bell be sounded after each file transfer command is completed. .It Ic binary Set the file transfer .Ic type to support binary image transfer. .It Ic bye Terminate the .Tn FTP session with the remote server and exit .Nm ftp . An end of file will also terminate the session and exit. .It Ic case Toggle remote computer file name case mapping during .Ic get , .Ic mget and .Ic mput commands. When .Ic case is on (default is off), remote computer file names with all letters in upper case are written in the local directory with the letters mapped to lower case. .It Ic \&cd Ar remote-directory Change the working directory on the remote machine to .Ar remote-directory . .It Ic cdup Change the remote machine working directory to the parent of the current remote machine working directory. .It Ic chmod Ar mode remote-file Change the permission modes of the file .Ar remote-file on the remote system to .Ar mode . .It Ic close Terminate the .Tn FTP session with the remote server, and return to the command interpreter. Any defined macros are erased. .It Ic \&cr Toggle carriage return stripping during ascii type file retrieval. Records are denoted by a carriage return/linefeed sequence during ascii type file transfer. When .Ic \&cr is on (the default), carriage returns are stripped from this sequence to conform with the .Ux single linefeed record delimiter. Records on .Pf non\- Ns Ux remote systems may contain single linefeeds; when an ascii type transfer is made, these linefeeds may be distinguished from a record delimiter only when .Ic \&cr is off. .It Ic ftp_debug Op Ar ftp_debug-value Toggle debugging mode. If an optional .Ar ftp_debug-value is specified it is used to set the debugging level. When debugging is on, .Nm prints each command sent to the remote machine, preceded by the string .Ql \-\-\*[Gt] .It Ic delete Ar remote-file Delete the file .Ar remote-file on the remote machine. .It Ic dir Op Ar remote-path Op Ar local-file Print a listing of the contents of a directory on the remote machine. The listing includes any system-dependent information that the server chooses to include; for example, most .Ux systems will produce output from the command .Ql ls \-l . If .Ar remote-path is left unspecified, the current working directory is used. If interactive prompting is on, .Nm will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving .Ic dir output. If no local file is specified, or if .Ar local-file is .Sq Fl , the output is sent to the terminal. .It Ic disconnect A synonym for .Ic close . .It Ic edit Toggle command line editing, and context sensitive command and file completion. This is automatically enabled if input is from a terminal, and disabled otherwise. .It Ic epsv4 Toggle the use of the extended .Dv EPSV and .Dv EPRT commands on IPv4 connections; first try .Dv EPSV / .Dv EPRT , and then .Dv PASV / .Dv PORT . This is enabled by default. If an extended command fails then this option will be temporarily disabled for the duration of the current connection, or until .Ic epsv4 is executed again. .It Ic exit A synonym for .Ic bye . .It Ic features Display what features the remote server supports (using the .Dv FEAT command). .It Ic fget Ar localfile Retrieve the files listed in .Ar localfile , which has one line per filename. .It Ic form Ar format Set the file transfer .Ic form to .Ar format . The default (and only supported) format is .Dq non-print . .It Ic ftp Ar host Op Ar port A synonym for .Ic open . .It Ic gate Op Ar host Op Ar port Toggle gate-ftp mode, which used to connect through the TIS FWTK and Gauntlet ftp proxies. This will not be permitted if the gate-ftp server hasn't been set (either explicitly by the user, or from the .Ev FTPSERVER environment variable). If .Ar host is given, then gate-ftp mode will be enabled, and the gate-ftp server will be set to .Ar host . If .Ar port is also given, that will be used as the port to connect to on the gate-ftp server. .It Ic get Ar remote-file Op Ar local-file Retrieve the .Ar remote-file and store it on the local machine. If the local file name is not specified, it is given the same name it has on the remote machine, subject to alteration by the current .Ic case , .Ic ntrans , and .Ic nmap settings. The current settings for .Ic type , .Ic form , .Ic mode , and .Ic structure are used while transferring the file. .It Ic glob Toggle filename expansion for .Ic mdelete , .Ic mget , .Ic mput , and .Ic mreget . If globbing is turned off with .Ic glob , the file name arguments are taken literally and not expanded. Globbing for .Ic mput is done as in .Xr csh 1 . For .Ic mdelete , .Ic mget , and .Ic mreget , each remote file name is expanded separately on the remote machine and the lists are not merged. Expansion of a directory name is likely to be different from expansion of the name of an ordinary file: the exact result depends on the foreign operating system and ftp server, and can be previewed by doing .Ql mls remote-files \- Note: .Ic mget , .Ic mput and .Ic mreget are not meant to transfer entire directory subtrees of files. That can be done by transferring a .Xr tar 1 archive of the subtree (in binary mode). .It Ic hash Op Ar size Toggle hash-sign .Pq Sq # printing for each data block transferred. The size of a data block defaults to 1024 bytes. This can be changed by specifying .Ar size in bytes. Enabling .Ic hash disables .Ic progress . .It Ic help Op Ar command Print an informative message about the meaning of .Ar command . If no argument is given, .Nm prints a list of the known commands. .It Ic idle Op Ar seconds Set the inactivity timer on the remote server to .Ar seconds seconds. If .Ar seconds is omitted, the current inactivity timer is printed. .It Ic image A synonym for .Ic binary . .It Ic lcd Op Ar directory Change the working directory on the local machine. If no .Ar directory is specified, the user's home directory is used. .It Ic less Ar file A synonym for .Ic page . .It Ic lpage Ar local-file Display .Ar local-file with the program specified by the .Ic "set pager" option. .It Ic lpwd Print the working directory on the local machine. .It Ic \&ls Op Ar remote-path Op Ar local-file A synonym for .Ic dir . .It Ic macdef Ar macro-name Define a macro. Subsequent lines are stored as the macro .Ar macro-name ; a null line (consecutive newline characters in a file or carriage returns from the terminal) terminates macro input mode. There is a limit of 16 macros and 4096 total characters in all defined macros. Macro names can be a maximum of 8 characters. Macros are only applicable to the current session they are defined within (or if defined outside a session, to the session invoked with the next .Ic open command), and remain defined until a .Ic close command is executed. To invoke a macro, use the .Ic $ command (see above). .Pp The macro processor interprets .Sq $ and .Sq \e as special characters. A .Sq $ followed by a number (or numbers) is replaced by the corresponding argument on the macro invocation command line. A .Sq $ followed by an .Sq i signals the macro processor that the executing macro is to be looped. On the first pass .Dq $i is replaced by the first argument on the macro invocation command line, on the second pass it is replaced by the second argument, and so on. A .Sq \e followed by any character is replaced by that character. Use the .Sq \e to prevent special treatment of the .Sq $ . .It Ic mdelete Op Ar remote-files Delete the .Ar remote-files on the remote machine. .It Ic mdir Ar remote-files local-file Like .Ic dir , except multiple remote files may be specified. If interactive prompting is on, .Nm will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving .Ic mdir output. .It Ic mget Ar remote-files Expand the .Ar remote-files on the remote machine and do a .Ic get for each file name thus produced. See .Ic glob for details on the filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to .Ic case , .Ic ntrans , and .Ic nmap settings. Files are transferred into the local working directory, which can be changed with .Ql lcd directory ; new local directories can be created with .Ql "\&! mkdir directory" . .It Ic mkdir Ar directory-name Make a directory on the remote machine. .It Ic mls Ar remote-files local-file Like .Ic ls , except multiple remote files may be specified, and the .Ar local-file must be specified. If interactive prompting is on, .Nm will prompt the user to verify that the last argument is indeed the target local file for receiving .Ic mls output. .It Ic mlsd Op Ar remote-path Display the contents of .Ar remote-path (which should default to the current directory if not given) in a machine-parsable form, using .Dv MLSD . The format of display can be changed with .Sq "remopts mlst ..." . .It Ic mlst Op Ar remote-path Display the details about .Ar remote-path (which should default to the current directory if not given) in a machine-parsable form, using .Dv MLST . The format of display can be changed with .Sq "remopts mlst ..." . .It Ic mode Ar mode-name Set the file transfer .Ic mode to .Ar mode-name . The default (and only supported) mode is .Dq stream . .It Ic modtime Ar remote-file Show the last modification time of the file on the remote machine, in .Li RFC2822 format. .It Ic more Ar file A synonym for .Ic page . .It Ic mput Ar local-files Expand wild cards in the list of local files given as arguments and do a .Ic put for each file in the resulting list. See .Ic glob for details of filename expansion. Resulting file names will then be processed according to .Ic ntrans and .Ic nmap settings. .It Ic mreget Ar remote-files As per .Ic mget , but performs a .Ic reget instead of .Ic get . .It Ic msend Ar local-files A synonym for .Ic mput . .It Ic newer Ar remote-file Op Ar local-file Get the file only if the modification time of the remote file is more recent that the file on the current system. If the file does not exist on the current system, the remote file is considered .Ic newer . Otherwise, this command is identical to .Ar get . .It Ic nlist Op Ar remote-path Op Ar local-file A synonym for .Ic ls . .It Ic nmap Op Ar inpattern outpattern Set or unset the filename mapping mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename mapping mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, remote filenames are mapped during .Ic mput commands and .Ic put commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are specified, local filenames are mapped during .Ic mget commands and .Ic get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a .No non\- Ns Ux remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. The mapping follows the pattern set by .Ar inpattern and .Ar outpattern . .Op Ar Inpattern is a template for incoming filenames (which may have already been processed according to the .Ic ntrans and .Ic case settings). Variable templating is accomplished by including the sequences .Dq $1 , .Dq $2 , \&... .Dq $9 in .Ar inpattern . Use .Sq \e to prevent this special treatment of the .Sq $ character. All other characters are treated literally, and are used to determine the .Ic nmap .Op Ar inpattern variable values. For example, given .Ar inpattern $1.$2 and the remote file name "mydata.data", $1 would have the value "mydata", and $2 would have the value "data". The .Ar outpattern determines the resulting mapped filename. The sequences .Dq $1 , .Dq $2 , \&... .Dq $9 are replaced by any value resulting from the .Ar inpattern template. The sequence .Dq $0 is replaced by the original filename. Additionally, the sequence .Dq Op Ar seq1 , Ar seq2 is replaced by .Op Ar seq1 if .Ar seq1 is not a null string; otherwise it is replaced by .Ar seq2 . For example, the command .Pp .Bd -literal -offset indent -compact nmap $1.$2.$3 [$1,$2].[$2,file] .Ed .Pp would yield the output filename "myfile.data" for input filenames "myfile.data" and "myfile.data.old", "myfile.file" for the input filename "myfile", and "myfile.myfile" for the input filename ".myfile". Spaces may be included in .Ar outpattern , as in the example: .Dl nmap $1 sed "s/ *$//" \*[Gt] $1 Use the .Sq \e character to prevent special treatment of the .Sq $ , .Sq \&[ , .Sq \&] , and .Sq \&, characters. .It Ic ntrans Op Ar inchars Op Ar outchars Set or unset the filename character translation mechanism. If no arguments are specified, the filename character translation mechanism is unset. If arguments are specified, characters in remote filenames are translated during .Ic mput commands and .Ic put commands issued without a specified remote target filename. If arguments are specified, characters in local filenames are translated during .Ic mget commands and .Ic get commands issued without a specified local target filename. This command is useful when connecting to a .No non\- Ns Ux remote computer with different file naming conventions or practices. Characters in a filename matching a character in .Ar inchars are replaced with the corresponding character in .Ar outchars . If the character's position in .Ar inchars is longer than the length of .Ar outchars , the character is deleted from the file name. .It Ic open Ar host Op Ar port Establish a connection to the specified .Ar host .Tn FTP server. An optional port number may be supplied, in which case, .Nm will attempt to contact an .Tn FTP server at that port. If the .Ic "set auto-login" option is on (default), .Nm will also attempt to automatically log the user in to the .Tn FTP server (see below). .It Ic page Ar file Retrieve .Ic file and display with the program specified by the .Ic "set pager" option. .It Ic passive Op Cm auto Toggle passive mode (if no arguments are given). If .Cm auto is given, act as if .Ev FTPMODE is set to .Sq auto . If passive mode is turned on (default), .Nm will send a .Dv PASV command for all data connections instead of a .Dv PORT command. The .Dv PASV command requests that the remote server open a port for the data connection and return the address of that port. The remote server listens on that port and the client connects to it. When using the more traditional .Dv PORT command, the client listens on a port and sends that address to the remote server, who connects back to it. Passive mode is useful when using .Nm through a gateway router or host that controls the directionality of traffic. (Note that though .Tn FTP servers are required to support the .Dv PASV command by .Li RFC1123 , some do not.) .It Ic pdir Op Ar remote-path Perform .Ic dir .Op Ar remote-path , and display the result with the program specified by the .Ic "set pager" option. .It Ic pls Op Ar remote-path Perform .Ic ls .Op Ar remote-path , and display the result with the program specified by the .Ic "set pager" option. .It Ic pmlsd Op Ar remote-path Perform .Ic mlsd .Op Ar remote-path , and display the result with the program specified by the .Ic "set pager" option. .It Ic preserve Toggle preservation of modification times on retrieved files. .It Ic progress Toggle display of transfer progress bar. The progress bar will be disabled for a transfer that has .Ar local-file as .Sq Fl or a command that starts with .Sq \&| . Refer to .Sx FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS for more information. Enabling .Ic progress disables .Ic hash . .It Ic prompt Toggle interactive prompting. Interactive prompting occurs during multiple file transfers to allow the user to selectively retrieve or store files. If prompting is turned off (default is on), any .Ic mget or .Ic mput will transfer all files, and any .Ic mdelete will delete all files. .Pp When prompting is on, the following commands are available at a prompt: .Bl -tag -width 2n -offset indent .It Cm a Answer .Sq yes to the current file, and automatically answer .Sq yes to any remaining files for the current command. .It Cm n Answer .Sq no , and do not transfer the file. .It Cm p Answer .Sq yes to the current file, and turn off prompt mode (as is .Dq prompt off had been given). .It Cm q Terminate the current operation. .It Cm y Answer .Sq yes , and transfer the file. .It Cm \&? Display a help message. .El .Pp Any other response will answer .Sq yes to the current file. .It Ic proxy Ar ftp-command Execute an ftp command on a secondary control connection. This command allows simultaneous connection to two remote .Tn FTP servers for transferring files between the two servers. The first .Ic proxy command should be an .Ic open , to establish the secondary control connection. Enter the command "proxy ?" to see other .Tn FTP commands executable on the secondary connection. The following commands behave differently when prefaced by .Ic proxy : .Ic open will not define new macros during the auto-login process, .Ic close will not erase existing macro definitions, .Ic get and .Ic mget transfer files from the host on the primary control connection to the host on the secondary control connection, and .Ic put , .Ic mput , and .Ic append transfer files from the host on the secondary control connection to the host on the primary control connection. Third party file transfers depend upon support of the .Tn FTP protocol .Dv PASV command by the server on the secondary control connection. .It Ic put Ar local-file Op Ar remote-file Store a local file on the remote machine. If .Ar remote-file is left unspecified, the local file name is used after processing according to any .Ic ntrans or .Ic nmap settings in naming the remote file. File transfer uses the current settings for .Ic type , .Ic format , .Ic mode , and .Ic structure . .It Ic pwd Print the name of the current working directory on the remote machine. .It Ic quit A synonym for .Ic bye . .It Ic quote Ar arg1 arg2 ... The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote .Tn FTP server. .It Xo .Ic rate Ar direction .Op Ar maximum Op Ar increment .Xc Throttle the maximum transfer rate to .Ar maximum bytes/second. If .Ar maximum is 0, disable the throttle. .Pp .Ar direction may be one of: .Bl -tag -width "all" -offset indent -compact .It Cm all Both directions. .It Cm get Incoming transfers. .It Cm put Outgoing transfers. .El .Pp .Ar maximum can be modified on the fly by .Ar increment bytes (default: 1024) each time a given signal is received: .B .Bl -tag -width "SIGUSR1" -offset indent .It Dv SIGUSR1 Increment .Ar maximum by .Ar increment bytes. .It Dv SIGUSR2 Decrement .Ar maximum by .Ar increment bytes. The result must be a positive number. .El .Pp If .Ar maximum is not supplied, the current throttle rates are displayed. .Pp Note: .Ic rate is not yet implemented for ascii mode transfers. .It Ic rcvbuf Ar size Set the size of the socket receive buffer to .Ar size . .It Ic recv Ar remote-file Op Ar local-file A synonym for .Ic get . .It Ic reget Ar remote-file Op Ar local-file .Ic reget acts like .Ic get , except that if .Ar local-file exists and is smaller than .Ar remote-file , .Ar local-file is presumed to be a partially transferred copy of .Ar remote-file and the transfer is continued from the apparent point of failure. This command is useful when transferring very large files over networks that are prone to dropping connections. .It Ic remopts Ar command Op Ar command-options Set options on the remote .Tn FTP server for .Ar command to .Ar command-options (whose absence is handled on a command-specific basis). Remote .Tn FTP commands known to support options include: .Sq MLST (used for .Dv MLSD and .Dv MLST ) . .It Ic rename Op Ar from Op Ar to Rename the file .Ar from on the remote machine, to the file .Ar to . .It Ic reset Clear reply queue. This command re-synchronizes command/reply sequencing with the remote .Tn FTP server. Resynchronization may be necessary following a violation of the .Tn FTP protocol by the remote server. .It Ic restart Ar marker Restart the immediately following .Ic get or .Ic put at the indicated .Ar marker . On .Ux systems, marker is usually a byte offset into the file. .It Ic rhelp Op Ar command-name Request help from the remote .Tn FTP server. If a .Ar command-name is specified it is supplied to the server as well. .It Ic rmdir Ar directory-name Delete a directory on the remote machine. .It Ic rstatus Op Ar remote-file With no arguments, show status of remote machine. If .Ar remote-file is specified, show status of .Ar remote-file on remote machine. .It Ic runique Toggle storing of files on the local system with unique filenames. If a file already exists with a name equal to the target local filename for a .Ic get or .Ic mget command, a ".1" is appended to the name. If the resulting name matches another existing file, a ".2" is appended to the original name. If this process continues up to ".99", an error message is printed, and the transfer does not take place. The generated unique filename will be reported. Note that .Ic runique will not affect local files generated from a shell command (see below). The default value is off. .It Ic send Ar local-file Op Ar remote-file A synonym for .Ic put . .It Ic sendport Toggle the use of .Dv PORT commands. By default, .Nm will attempt to use a .Dv PORT command when establishing a connection for each data transfer. The use of .Dv PORT commands can prevent delays when performing multiple file transfers. If the .Dv PORT command fails, .Nm will use the default data port. When the use of .Dv PORT commands is disabled, no attempt will be made to use .Dv PORT commands for each data transfer. This is useful for certain .Tn FTP implementations which do ignore .Dv PORT commands but, incorrectly, indicate they've been accepted. .It Ic set Op Ar option Ar value Set .Ar option to .Ar value . If .Ar option and .Ar value are not given, display all of the options and their values. The currently supported options are: .Bl -tag -width "http_proxy" -offset indent .It Cm anonpass Defaults to .Ev $FTPANONPASS .It Cm ftp_proxy Defaults to .Ev $ftp_proxy . .It Cm http_proxy Defaults to .Ev $http_proxy . .It Cm no_proxy Defaults to .Ev $no_proxy . .It Cm pager Defaults to .Ev $PAGER . .It Cm prompt Defaults to .Ev $FTPPROMPT . .It Cm rprompt Defaults to .Ev $FTPRPROMPT . .El .It Ic site Ar arg1 arg2 ... The arguments specified are sent, verbatim, to the remote .Tn FTP server as a .Dv SITE command. .It Ic size Ar remote-file Return size of .Ar remote-file on remote machine. .It Ic sndbuf Ar size Set the size of the socket send buffer to .Ar size . .It Ic status Show the current status of .Nm ftp . .It Ic struct Ar struct-name Set the file transfer .Ar structure to .Ar struct-name . The default (and only supported) structure is .Dq file . .It Ic sunique Toggle storing of files on remote machine under unique file names. The remote .Tn FTP server must support .Tn FTP protocol .Dv STOU command for successful completion. The remote server will report unique name. Default value is off. .It Ic system Show the type of operating system running on the remote machine. .It Ic tenex Set the file transfer type to that needed to talk to .Tn TENEX machines. .It Ic throttle A synonym for .Ic rate . .It Ic trace Toggle packet tracing. .It Ic type Op Ar type-name Set the file transfer .Ic type to .Ar type-name . If no type is specified, the current type is printed. The default type is network .Tn ASCII . .It Ic umask Op Ar newmask Set the default umask on the remote server to .Ar newmask . If .Ar newmask is omitted, the current umask is printed. .It Ic unset Ar option Unset .Ar option . Refer to .Ic set for more information. .It Ic usage Ar command Print the usage message for .Ar command . .It Xo .Ic user Ar user-name .Op Ar password Op Ar account .Xc Identify yourself to the remote .Tn FTP server. If the .Ar password is not specified and the server requires it, .Nm will prompt the user for it (after disabling local echo). If an .Ar account field is not specified, and the .Tn FTP server requires it, the user will be prompted for it. If an .Ar account field is specified, an account command will be relayed to the remote server after the login sequence is completed if the remote server did not require it for logging in. Unless .Nm is invoked with .Dq auto-login disabled, this process is done automatically on initial connection to the .Tn FTP server. .It Ic verbose Toggle verbose mode. In verbose mode, all responses from the .Tn FTP server are displayed to the user. In addition, if verbose is on, when a file transfer completes, statistics regarding the efficiency of the transfer are reported. By default, verbose is on. .It Ic xferbuf Ar size Set the size of the socket send and receive buffers to .Ar size . .It Ic \&? Op Ar command A synonym for .Ic help . .El .Pp Command arguments which have embedded spaces may be quoted with quote .Sq \&" marks. .Pp Commands which toggle settings can take an explicit .Ic on or .Ic off argument to force the setting appropriately. .Pp Commands which take a byte count as an argument (e.g., .Ic hash , .Ic rate , and .Ic xferbuf ) support an optional suffix on the argument which changes the interpretation of the argument. Supported suffixes are: .Bl -tag -width 3n -offset indent -compact .It Li b Causes no modification. (Optional) .It Li k Kilo; multiply the argument by 1024 .It Li m Mega; multiply the argument by 1048576 .It Li g Giga; multiply the argument by 1073741824 .El .Pp If .Nm receives a .Dv SIGINFO (see the .Dq status argument of .Xr stty 1 ) or .Dv SIGQUIT signal whilst a transfer is in progress, the current transfer rate statistics will be written to the standard error output, in the same format as the standard completion message. .Sh AUTO-FETCHING FILES In addition to standard commands, this version of .Nm supports an auto-fetch feature. To enable auto-fetch, simply pass the list of hostnames/files on the command line. .Pp The following formats are valid syntax for an auto-fetch element: .Bl -tag -width "FOO " .\" [user@]host:[path][/] .It Xo .Sm off .Op Ar user Li \&@ .Ar host Li \&: .Op Ar path .Op Li / .Sm on .Xc .Dq Classic .Tn FTP format. .Pp If .Ar path contains a glob character and globbing is enabled, (see .Ic glob ) , then the equivalent of .Ql mget path is performed. .Pp If the directory component of .Ar path contains no globbing characters, it is stored locally with the name basename (see .Xr basename 1 ) of .Ic path , in the current directory. Otherwise, the full remote name is used as the local name, relative to the local root directory. .\" ftp://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path[/][;type=X] .It Xo .Sm off .Li ftp:// .Oo Ar user .Op Li \&: Ar password .Li \&@ Oc .Ar host Oo Li \&: Ar port Oc .Li / Ar path .Op Li / .Op Li ;type= Ar X .Sm on .Xc An .Tn FTP URL, retrieved using the .Tn FTP protocol if .Ic "set ftp_proxy" isn't defined. Otherwise, transfer the URL using .Tn HTTP via the proxy defined in .Ic "set ftp_proxy" . If .Ic "set ftp_proxy" isn't defined and .Ar user is given, login as .Ar user . In this case, use .Ar password if supplied, otherwise prompt the user for one. .Pp If a suffix of .Sq ;type=A or .Sq ;type=I is supplied, then the transfer type will take place as ascii or binary (respectively). The default transfer type is binary. .Pp In order to be compliant with .Li RFC3986 , .Nm interprets the .Ar path part of an .Dq ftp:// auto-fetch URL as follows: .Bl -bullet .It The .Sq Li / immediately after the .Ar host Ns Oo Li \&: Ns Ar port Oc is interpreted as a separator before the .Ar path , and not as part of the .Ar path itself. .It The .Ar path is interpreted as a .So Li / Sc Ns -separated list of name components. For all but the last such component, .Nm performs the equivalent of a .Ic cd command. For the last path component, .Nm performs the equivalent of a .Ic get command. .It Empty name components, which result from .Sq Li // within the .Ar path , or from an extra .Sq Li / at the beginning of the .Ar path , will cause the equivalent of a .Ic cd command without a directory name. This is unlikely to be useful. .It Any .Sq Li \&% Ns Ar XX codes (per .Li RFC3986 ) within the path components are decoded, with .Ar XX representing a character code in hexadecimal. This decoding takes place after the .Ar path has been split into components, but before each component is used in the equivalent of a .Ic cd or .Ic get command. Some often-used codes are .Sq Li \&%2F (which represents .Sq Li / ) and .Sq Li \&%7E (which represents .Sq Li ~ ) . .El .Pp The above interpretation has the following consequences: .Bl -bullet .It The path is interpreted relative to the default login directory of the specified user or of the .Sq anonymous user. If the .Pa / directory is required, use a leading path of .Dq %2F . If a user's home directory is required (and the remote server supports the syntax), use a leading path of .Dq %7Euser/ . For example, to retrieve .Pa /etc/motd from .Sq localhost as the user .Sq myname with the password .Sq mypass , use .Dq ftp://myname:mypass@localhost/%2fetc/motd .It The exact .Ic cd and .Ic get commands can be controlled by careful choice of where to use .Sq / and where to use .Sq %2F (or .Sq %2f ) . For example, the following URLs correspond to the equivalents of the indicated commands: .Bl -tag -width "ftp://host/%2Fdir1%2Fdir2%2Ffile" .It ftp://host/dir1/dir2/file .Dq "cd dir1" , .Dq "cd dir2" , .Dq "get file" . .It ftp://host/%2Fdir1/dir2/file .Dq "cd /dir1" , .Dq "cd dir2" , .Dq "get file" . .It ftp://host/dir1%2Fdir2/file .Dq "cd dir1/dir2" , .Dq "get file" . .It ftp://host/%2Fdir1%2Fdir2/file .Dq "cd /dir1/dir2" , .Dq "get file" . .It ftp://host/dir1%2Fdir2%2Ffile .Dq "get dir1/dir2/file" . .It ftp://host/%2Fdir1%2Fdir2%2Ffile .Dq "get /dir1/dir2/file" . .El .It You must have appropriate access permission for each of the intermediate directories that is used in the equivalent of a .Ic cd command. .El .\" http://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/path .It Xo .Sm off .Li http:// .Oo Ar user .Op Li \&: Ar password .Li \&@ Oc .Ar host Oo Li \&: Ar port Oc .Li / Ar path .Sm on .Xc An .Tn HTTP URL, retrieved using the .Tn HTTP protocol. If .Ic "set http_proxy" is defined, it is used as a URL to an .Tn HTTP proxy server. If .Tn HTTP authorization is required to retrieve .Ar path , and .Sq user (and optionally .Sq password ) is in the URL, use them for the first attempt to authenticate. .\" file:///path .It Xo .Sm off .Li file:/// Ar path .Sm on .Xc A local URL, copied from .Pa / Ns Ar path on the local host. .\" about: .It Xo .Sm off .Li about: .Ar topic .Sm on .Xc Display information regarding .Ar topic ; no file is retrieved for this auto-fetched element. Supported values include: .Bl -tag -width "about:version" .It Li about:ftp Information about .Nm ftp . .It Li about:version The version of .Nm ftp . Useful to provide when reporting problems. .El .El .Pp Unless noted otherwise above, and .Fl o Ar output is not given, the file is stored in the current directory as the .Xr basename 1 of .Ar path . Note that if a .Tn HTTP redirect is received, the fetch is retried using the new target URL supplied by the server, with a corresponding new .Ar path . Using an explicit .Fl o Ar output is recommended, to avoid writing to unexpected file names. .Pp If a classic format or an .Tn FTP URL format has a trailing .Sq / or an empty .Ar path component, then .Nm will connect to the site and .Ic cd to the directory given as the path, and leave the user in interactive mode ready for further input. This will not work if .Ic "set ftp_proxy" is being used. .Pp Direct .Tn HTTP transfers use HTTP 1.1. Proxied .Tn FTP and .Tn HTTP transfers use HTTP 1.0. .Pp If .Fl R is given, all auto-fetches that don't go via the .Tn FTP or .Tn HTTP proxies will be restarted. For .Tn FTP , this is implemented by using .Nm reget instead of .Nm get . For .Tn HTTP , this is implemented by using the .Sq "Range: bytes=" .Tn "HTTP/1.1" directive. .Pp If WWW or proxy WWW authentication is required, you will be prompted to enter a username and password to authenticate with. .Pp When specifying IPv6 numeric addresses in a URL, you need to surround the address in square brackets. E.g.: .Dq ftp://[::1]:21/ . This is because colons are used in IPv6 numeric address as well as being the separator for the port number. .Sh ABORTING A FILE TRANSFER To abort a file transfer, use the terminal interrupt key (usually Ctrl-C). Sending transfers will be immediately halted. Receiving transfers will be halted by sending an .Tn FTP protocol .Dv ABOR command to the remote server, and discarding any further data received. The speed at which this is accomplished depends upon the remote server's support for .Dv ABOR processing. If the remote server does not support the .Dv ABOR command, the prompt will not appear until the remote server has completed sending the requested file. .Pp If the terminal interrupt key sequence is used whilst .Nm is awaiting a reply from the remote server for the ABOR processing, then the connection will be closed. This is different from the traditional behaviour (which ignores the terminal interrupt during this phase), but is considered more useful. .Sh FILE NAMING CONVENTIONS Files specified as arguments to .Nm commands are processed according to the following rules. .Bl -enum .It If the file name .Sq Fl is specified, the .Ar stdin (for reading) or .Ar stdout (for writing) is used. .It If the first character of the file name is .Sq \&| , the remainder of the argument is interpreted as a shell command. .Nm then forks a shell, using .Xr popen 3 with the argument supplied, and reads (writes) from the stdout (stdin). If the shell command includes spaces, the argument must be quoted; e.g. .Dq Qq Li \&| ls\ \-lt . A particularly useful example of this mechanism is: .Dq Li dir \&"\&" \&|more . .It Failing the above checks, if .Dq globbing is enabled, local file names are expanded according to the rules used in the .Xr csh 1 ; see the .Ic glob command. If the .Nm command expects a single local file (e.g. .Ic put ) , only the first filename generated by the "globbing" operation is used. .It For .Ic mget commands and .Ic get commands with unspecified local file names, the local filename is the remote filename, which may be altered by a .Ic case , .Ic ntrans , or .Ic nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered if .Ic runique is on. .It For .Ic mput commands and .Ic put commands with unspecified remote file names, the remote filename is the local filename, which may be altered by a .Ic ntrans or .Ic nmap setting. The resulting filename may then be altered by the remote server if .Ic sunique is on. .El .Sh FILE TRANSFER PARAMETERS The .Tn FTP specification specifies many parameters which may affect a file transfer. The .Ic type may be one of .Dq ascii , .Dq image (binary), .Dq ebcdic , and .Dq local byte size (for .Tn PDP Ns -10's and .Tn PDP Ns -20's mostly). .Nm supports the ascii and image types of file transfer, plus local byte size 8 for .Ic tenex mode transfers. .Pp .Nm supports only the default values for the remaining file transfer parameters: .Ic mode , .Ic form , and .Ic struct . .Sh THE .netrc FILE The .Pa .netrc file contains login and initialization information used by the auto-login process. It resides in the user's home directory, unless overridden with the .Fl N Ar netrc option, or specified in the .Ev NETRC environment variable. The following tokens are recognized; they may be separated by spaces, tabs, or new-lines: .Bl -tag -width password .It Ic machine Ar name Identify a remote machine .Ar name . The auto-login process searches the .Pa .netrc file for a .Ic machine token that matches the remote machine specified on the .Nm command line or as an .Ic open command argument. Once a match is made, the subsequent .Pa .netrc tokens are processed, stopping when the end of file is reached or another .Ic machine or a .Ic default token is encountered. .It Ic default This is the same as .Ic machine .Ar name except that .Ic default matches any name. There can be only one .Ic default token, and it must be after all .Ic machine tokens. This is normally used as: .Pp .Dl default login anonymous password user@site .Pp thereby giving the user an automatic anonymous .Tn FTP login to machines not specified in .Pa .netrc . This can be overridden by using the .Fl n flag to disable auto-login. .It Ic login Ar name Identify a user on the remote machine. If this token is present, the auto-login process will initiate a login using the specified .Ar name . .It Ic password Ar string Supply a password. If this token is present, the auto-login process will supply the specified string if the remote server requires a password as part of the login process. Note that if this token is present in the .Pa .netrc file for any user other than .Ar anonymous , .Nm will abort the auto-login process if the .Pa .netrc is readable by anyone besides the user. .It Ic account Ar string Supply an additional account password. If this token is present, the auto-login process will supply the specified string if the remote server requires an additional account password, or the auto-login process will initiate an .Dv ACCT command if it does not. .It Ic macdef Ar name Define a macro. This token functions like the .Nm .Ic macdef command functions. A macro is defined with the specified name; its contents begin with the next .Pa .netrc line and continue until a blank line (consecutive new-line characters) is encountered. Like the other tokens in the .Pa .netrc file, a .Ic macdef is applicable only to the .Ic machine definition preceding it. A .Ic macdef entry cannot be utilized by multiple .Ic machine definitions; rather, it must be defined following each .Ic machine it is intended to be used with. If a macro named .Ic init is defined, it is automatically executed as the last step in the auto-login process. For example, .Bd -literal -offset indent default macdef init epsv4 off .Ed .Pp followed by a blank line. .El .Sh COMMAND LINE EDITING .Nm supports interactive command line editing, via the .Xr editline 3 library. It is enabled with the .Ic edit command, and is enabled by default if input is from a tty. Previous lines can be recalled and edited with the arrow keys, and other GNU Emacs-style editing keys may be used as well. .Pp The .Xr editline 3 library is configured with a .Pa .editrc file - refer to .Xr editrc 5 for more information. .Pp An extra key binding is available to .Nm to provide context sensitive command and filename completion (including remote file completion). To use this, bind a key to the .Xr editline 3 command .Ic ftp-complete . By default, this is bound to the TAB key. .Sh COMMAND LINE PROMPT By default, .Nm displays a command line prompt of .Dq "ftp\*[Gt] " to the user. This can be changed with the .Ic "set prompt" command. .Pp A prompt can be displayed on the right side of the screen (after the command input) with the .Ic "set rprompt" command. .Pp The following formatting sequences are replaced by the given information: .Bl -tag -width "%% " -offset indent .It Li \&%/ The current remote working directory. .\" %c[[0]n], %.[[0]n] .It Xo .Sm off .Li \&%c .Op Oo Li 0 Oc Ar n Ns , .Li \&%. .Op Oo Li 0 Oc Ar n .Sm on .Xc The trailing component of the current remote working directory, or .Em n trailing components if a digit .Em n is given. If .Em n begins with .Sq 0 , the number of skipped components precede the trailing component(s) in the format .\" ``/<number>trailing'' .Do .Sm off .Li / Li \*[Lt] Va number Li \*[Gt] .Va trailing .Sm on .Dc (for .Sq \&%c ) or .\" ``...trailing'' .Dq Li \&... Ns Va trailing (for .Sq \&%. ) . .It Li \&%M The remote host name. .It Li \&%m The remote host name, up to the first .Sq \&. . .It Li \&%n The remote user name. .It Li \&%% A single .Sq % . .El .Sh ENVIRONMENT .Nm uses the following environment variables. .Bl -tag -width "FTPSERVERPORT" .It Ev FTPANONPASS Password to send in an anonymous .Tn FTP transfer. Defaults to .Dq Li `whoami`@ . .It Ev FTPMODE Overrides the default operation mode. Support values are: .Bl -tag -width "passive" .It Cm active active mode .Tn FTP only .It Cm auto automatic determination of passive or active (this is the default) .It Cm gate gate-ftp mode .It Cm passive passive mode .Tn FTP only .El .It Ev FTPPROMPT Command-line prompt to use. Defaults to .Dq "ftp\*[Gt] " . Refer to .Sx COMMAND LINE PROMPT for more information. .It Ev FTPRPROMPT Command-line right side prompt to use. Defaults to .Dq "" . Refer to .Sx COMMAND LINE PROMPT for more information. .It Ev FTPSERVER Host to use as gate-ftp server when .Ic gate is enabled. .It Ev FTPSERVERPORT Port to use when connecting to gate-ftp server when .Ic gate is enabled. Default is port returned by a .Fn getservbyname lookup of .Dq ftpgate/tcp . .It Ev FTPUSERAGENT The value to send for the .Tn HTTP User-Agent header. .It Ev HOME For default location of a .Pa .netrc file, if one exists. .It Ev NETRC An alternate location of the .Pa .netrc file. .It Ev PAGER Used by various commands to display files. Defaults to .Xr more 1 if empty or not set. .It Ev SHELL For default shell. .It Ev ftp_proxy URL of .Tn FTP proxy to use when making .Tn FTP URL requests (if not defined, use the standard .Tn FTP protocol). .Pp See .Ev http_proxy for further notes about proxy use. .It Ev http_proxy URL of .Tn HTTP proxy to use when making .Tn HTTP URL requests. If proxy authentication is required and there is a username and password in this URL, they will automatically be used in the first attempt to authenticate to the proxy. .Pp If .Dq unsafe URL characters are required in the username or password (for example .Sq @ or .Sq / ) , encode them with .Li RFC3986 .Sq Li \&% Ns Ar XX encoding. .Pp Note that the use of a username and password in .Ev ftp_proxy and .Ev http_proxy may be incompatible with other programs that use it (such as .Xr lynx 1 ) . .Pp .Em NOTE : this is not used for interactive sessions, only for command-line fetches. .It Ev no_proxy A space or comma separated list of hosts (or domains) for which proxying is not to be used. Each entry may have an optional trailing ":port", which restricts the matching to connections to that port. .El .Sh EXTENDED PASSIVE MODE AND FIREWALLS Some firewall configurations do not allow .Nm to use extended passive mode. If you find that even a simple .Ic ls appears to hang after printing a message such as this: .Pp .Dl 229 Entering Extended Passive Mode (|||58551|) .Pp then you will need to disable extended passive mode with .Ic epsv4 off . See the above section .Sx The .netrc File for an example of how to make this automatic. .Sh SEE ALSO .Xr getservbyname 3 , .Xr editrc 5 , .Xr services 5 , .Xr ftpd 8 .Sh STANDARDS .Nm attempts to be compliant with: .Bl -tag -offset indent -width 8n .It Li RFC0959 .Em File Transfer Protocol .It Li RFC1123 .Em Requirements for Internet Hosts - Application and Support .It Li RFC1635 .Em How to Use Anonymous FTP .It Li RFC2389 .Em Feature negotiation mechanism for the File Transfer Protocol .It Li RFC2428 .Em FTP Extensions for IPv6 and NATs .It Li RFC2616 .Em Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1 .It Li RFC2822 .Em Internet Message Format .It Li RFC3659 .Em Extensions to FTP .It Li RFC3986 .Em Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) .El .Sh HISTORY The .Nm command appeared in .Bx 4.2 . .Pp Various features such as command line editing, context sensitive command and file completion, dynamic progress bar, automatic fetching of files and URLs, modification time preservation, transfer rate throttling, configurable command line prompt, and other enhancements over the standard .Bx .Nm were implemented in .Nx 1.3 and later releases by .An Luke Mewburn .Aq firstname.lastname@example.com . .Pp IPv6 support was added by the WIDE/KAME project (but may not be present in all non-NetBSD versions of this program, depending if the operating system supports IPv6 in a similar manner to KAME). .Sh BUGS Correct execution of many commands depends upon proper behavior by the remote server. .Pp An error in the treatment of carriage returns in the .Bx 4.2 ascii-mode transfer code has been corrected. This correction may result in incorrect transfers of binary files to and from .Bx 4.2 servers using the ascii type. Avoid this problem by using the binary image type. .Pp .Nm assumes that all IPv4 mapped addresses .Po IPv6 addresses with a form like .Li ::ffff:10.1.1.1 .Pc indicate IPv4 destinations which can be handled by .Dv AF_INET sockets. However, in certain IPv6 network configurations, this assumption is not true. In such an environment, IPv4 mapped addresses must be passed to .Dv AF_INET6 sockets directly. For example, if your site uses a SIIT translator for IPv6-to-IPv4 translation, .Nm is unable to support your configuration.


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Saturday, February 03, 2007
I'm a Fwinke, and I Use a Binser!
During October and November I read Frindle aloud to students. If you aren't aware Frindle involves a fifth grader named Nick who through a series of events ends up inventing a new word for an already exisiting object. Nick invents the word frindle to replace the word "pen". The rest of the book follows the journey of frindle as it eventually becomes a working member of the English language and ends up in the dictionary.
Read alouds in my class are not moments of free time. Students are given a purpose for each daily reading session. I have a question for them to ponder as I read, I ask them to be ready with predictions, or I ask them to create illustrations as I read. For example, currently I'm reading The BFG by Roald Dahl. Today my students drew a phizzwizard (good dream) or a trogglehumper (bad dream) while I read a chapter that described other dreams.
So, back to Frindle…..after we read the book I have always asked students to come up with an invented word. Since a frindle is a make-believe invented word (at least I don't think it's in the dictionary yet…) I like to give students several real examples of invented words that have eventually found their way into our vocabularies.
The word quiz was one word I shared with students. This is courtesy of word origins.com. The story goes that in 1791 a Dublin theater owner named James Daly made a bet that he could introduce a word into the language within twenty-four hours. He then went out and hired a bunch of street urchins to write the word quiz, which was a nonsense word, on walls around the city of Dublin. Within a day, the word was common currency and had acquired a meaning--since no one knew what it meant, everyone thought it was some sort of test--and Daly had some extra cash in his pocket.
It's a fun story. Unfortunately, there is absolutely no evidence to support it and the term was in use prior to the alleged bet in 1791.
The first appearance of the word is from 1782 and means an odd person. This sense survives today in the word quizzical. It later aquired a meaning of to make fun of, or to mock. How it acquired its current meaning of a test is unknown, but that sense did not appear until 1867 and then it was in the United States.
The OED2 has a cite from 1847 where the word appears: "She com back and quiesed us," which could be a clue to its origin. Quiz as a test could be a corruption of the Latin Qui es, meaning "Who are you?" American Heritage says it may be from the English dialect verb quiset, meaning to question. In any case it is probably from the same root as question and inquisitive.
Students enjoyed the story behind the word quiz and were ready to try their hand at inventing a new word. We brainstormed a list of 10 words that are very common to a school campus such as teacher, paper, folder, pencil, textbook, etc. Students had to check dictionary.com to see if their word existed, and had to create a poster to tell others about their word. The poster had to have the new word, the word it replaced, an illustration of the new word, and the new word used in a sentence. Like this one:
Once we had all of the posters done students evaluated each one. They were looking for the invented word that was easy to say, that had eye appeal, and the word that they themselves could support by using it in their own vocabulary. In one classgroup students whittled their choice down to the word "binser" while my homeroom liked the word "fwinke" (it rhymes with twinkie).
Through a huge brainstorming session where students worked in small groups they determined strategies they would follow to get their words recognized by the public and encourage people to use them. The first thing students did was to make posters with the word only. Then they made smaller mini-posters and placed one in each staff member's mail box. Everyone is wondering what is going on.
This week students have been making teaser announcements on homeroom television and next week small teams of students will go into different homerooms and present information about the words to every class. Articles will make an appearance in the school newspaper as well. We also plan to hook up with other fourth grade classrooms across the country and email them about our words. We want kids of all ages across the country to help us use these words.
It's amazing what students will come up with when you allow them an open-ended activity. Eventually we will have a website for students to nominate their favorite fwinke….maybe even a "I love my fwinke" t-shirt.
So, what does fwinke and binser mean?
Well, a fwinke is a teacher, and a binser is a computer. What else could they mean?
11 comments:
- The Tour Marm said...
How should I have known about this? I'm a muggle, not a fwinke!
- DesertSurfer said...
I have always resisted reading aloud to my students thinking that they are now in 8th grade and they should be reading on their own. Then it hit me that from time to time I really enjoy listening to "books on tape" (err...CD) so maybe they would like it.
So now during homeroom on Tuesday's and Wednesdays I read aloud a book that relates to what is being taught in either LA or SS and the kids LOVE it and really get into it.
I have to tell you, it was a little rough starting because it definitely takes some skill to read properly outloud and have the inflections make sense.
- An Ordinary Mom said...
Good to know I am a Biology Fwinke and I love to use the binser!
Very clever!
- Holly Schwendiman said...
That's awesome! I feel so much better about all the words I make up now. ;o)
Holly's Corner
- Ms. Q said...
I knew this ONE!! I remember reading Frindle to my 7th graders after I recommended it to a particular, precocious one who I know will do well in life. Blogger wasn't letting me post or comment
Strausser, when I was taking my Elementary Lit. class to become a teacher my professor read aloud to us every week. Everyone in my class was over the age of 30 and this 20-something prof was reading Bridge to Terebithia to us. When she read the chapter when a character dies there wasn't a dry eye in the place. I think all grade levels could benefit from a read aloud. I'm glad to see you realize it too.
I always pre-read any chapter book I'm going to read aloud. I make notes to myself regarding certain passages and sometimes I even delete a word here and there if it might cause too much noise from the peanut gallery. I also tend to read many of the same ones year after year so I know the material and can get dramatic with it.
Tour Marm....I love the muggle reference!
Ms. Q, I suffered from blogger block this week too. I hope this blogger contrariness is almost over.
Thanks for visiting Holly and Ordinary Mom
- Women on the Verge said...
I love Andrew Clements! And when I taught junior high I used to read aloud all the time. I found it really helped with fluency.
Kudos to you on your teaching methods!! If my daughter had had the benefit of a teacher like you, we might not have had to pull her out of public school...
- HappyChyck said...
What a fun activity! People make up words all the time--and some actually stick.
I don't read to my students very often. My voice gives out by the last period if I attempt it. They do enjoy listening to audio versions sometimes. You're right, though, who doesn't like to be read to? I read a story book to one of my high school classes a few years ago, and just before I started, they suddenly got up our of their seats and rushed to the front of the room. Freaked me out! They simply wanted to sit on the floor at my feet like the did "back in the day." Kind of cool, but sad, too!
- Robyn Mills said...
I'm not a fwinke but I do get annoyed with my binser from time to time. I love what you are doing with your students to get them to use their imagination and improve their listening skills. I'm a closet history geek. I'll pop in again to see you. Cheers
- nbosch said...
Good Evening. I just bumped into your blog while roaming around. I'll be checking back again. I just wanted to tell you that I started a new blog recently that you might be interested in. I teach gifted kids and have done a lot of work with primary sources, so I decided to start a primary source blog. You can see it at http://averyoldplace.blogspot.com
- danw said...
Great strategy and a wonderful book. The 5th grade teachers at my school have been reading Frindle the last couple years. I'll have to get them to share the words their kids have created with your students...but I'm still struggling to get them into the blogging world. They would really benefit from the dialogue with a another exceptional fwinkle like yourself.


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Filed Under (Harley Davidson) by admin on 05-03-2012
5/16 Bolt hole boss clearance This can easily be checked with the trap door gasket. Put the gasket on the dowel pins. AII material of the boss around the hole that "sticks outside" the gasket (60 degrees forward to 60 degree backwards) must be removed (see figure A). Primary fork clearance Place the gasket on the housing and remove material as indicated for clearing the shifter fork (see figure B). WWW . ZODIAC . NL PERFORMANCE PRODUCTS FOR HARLEY-DAVIDSON ® INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR 6 SPEED CONVERSION KIT AND 6 SPEED BUILDER KIT speed transmission. Also make sure you have a 1990 or later Factory Service Manual available. Tools The conversion kit should only be used in new or low milage transmissions. If gears or bearings of a used Gear set Removal Refer to the Factory Service Manual Section for Mainshaft and Countershaft removal. When you get to the point of actually sliding the gear set out make sure you properly mark the 5th gear set as described in the Factory Service Manual (for used transmissions only). Further follow the factory removal procedure. Clearance Checks The 6 Speed conversion and builder kit will fit in most OEM or aftermarket transmission housings without may be needed. The following clearances must be checked before assembling the 6 speed transmission. 28-05-2008 We recommend the kits are installed by a qualified mechanic with knowledge of the Harley-Davidson 5 needed are the same as used for a 5 Speed transmission. 5 speed transmission are worn, new ones must be installed, or better, the builder kit should be used. any modification of the housing. However due to casting differences, in some instances some modification
WWW . ZODIAC . NL PERFORMANCE PRODUCTS FOR HARLEY-DAVIDSON ® Pillow block clearance (right side) Make sure there is clearance between the pillow block and the housing. Any clearance is O.K. (see figure C). Fork shaft support clearance Again use the gasket as the template and remove the material as indicated (see figure D). Shift drum end play The end play of the shift drum must be checked prior to final installation. Install the shift drum. Measure the end play with feeler gauges at the right pillow block (see figure E). End play should be between .004″ and .010″, some 1/2″ X 7/8″ 0.008″ thick shims are included to adjust the end play
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Slc1000 As A Wireless Print Server, Is it doable
Slc1000 As A Wireless Print Server, Is it doable
Jun 2 2009, 02:00 PM
Post #1
Group: Members
Posts: 462
Joined: 15-June 04
Member No.: 3,698
My problem
My Printer is on one side of what used to be my office but now is a landing as we have extended the house. As my phone and wireless router is stuck on the other side of the hall I've been looking at setting the printer up using wireless but then I thought hm I have a C1000 that isnt getting much use at the moment and my printer is USB
So the question is will the Z be able to be setup as a print server connecting to my WIFI router and the printer over USB?
I would not need to print from the Z just pass the printstream on to the USB from a static IP address
Any pointers ROM version / Packages / configs welcome
Jun 2 2009, 02:12 PM
Post #2
Group: Members
Posts: 2,342
Joined: 30-July 06
Member No.: 10,575
I think your best bet is probably to use ZUbuntu (as everything you need works "out of the box," AFAIK). After you get that running, it should just be a matter of finding out how to configure CUPS. I can't help you with that, unfortunately.
|Lo-Fi Version
|Time is now: 28th February 2020 - 08:13 PM


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I wrote a recent WSJ Digits story about how e-commerce in Southeast Asia is set to boom, according to a UBS report:
Message for Southeast Asia's brick-and-mortar retailers: E-commerce companies could soon be eating your lunch.
That's according to a recent study by UBS , which showed the region's consumers are already flocking to e-commerce sites at the expense of traditional retailers' platforms.
Internet penetration in the populous region is higher than many assume, and will soon skyrocket thanks to the increasing use of low-cost smartphones and the availability of mobile Web connections, according UBS's head of research and strategy in Thailand, Raymond Maguire, who authored the report.


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Linux / UNIX: Change File Permissions Recursively ( conditional )last updated in Categories BASH Shell, Debian / Ubuntu, File system, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, Suse, Ubuntu Linux, UNIX
How do I recursively change files with 777 permissions to 755 in /home/user/demo directory? I have a number of files in this directory and I need to change permission from 0777 to only if that file has 777 permissions. Is there an easy way out to achieve this?


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A session for babies, toddlers and their carers, with craft, stories and songs.
This meeting takes place in the Church Hall from 10.00am to 11.30am.
Please contact us to enquire about available spaces before attending for the first time.
PLEASE NOTE: This session does not take place during school holidays.


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Esther Schor: Emma Lazarus
Esther Schor discusses her book about the life of Emma Lazarus, the iconoclastic 19th century poet and activist whose poem gave voice to the Statue of Liberty.
Schor is a poet and professor of English at Princeton University. Her work has been published in The Times Literary Supplement as well as The New York Times. Schor curated the exhibit Emma Lazarus: Voice of Liberty, Voice of Conscience now on display at the Central Library.
Funded in part by Barton P. and Mary D. Cohen Charitable Trust and the Avashia Family Fund.


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Like many states, Arizona faces a serious budget crisis. But unlike other states, Arizona public officials have shown a remarkable skill for finding ways to address their projected $1.6 billion deficit that are unfair, unjust and cruel. Their latest bright idea is to balance the state budget on the bodies of poor Arizonans who are unlucky enough to be fat or addicted to tobacco.
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Gov. Jan Brewer has now proposed levying a $50 fee on state Medicaid recipients who are obese and who don't follow a doctor-supervised slimming regimen. She also wants to charge those who smoke.
The plan, if approved by the Republican-dominated legislature, would mark the first time a state-run but federally subsidized health-care program for the poor has charged people for unhealthy acts.
The Wall Street Journal quoted Monica Coury, spokeswoman for Arizona's Medicaid program as endorsing the idea, saying "If you want to smoke, go for it. But, understand you're going to have to contribute something for the cost of the care of your smoking."
She added that the proposal is a way to reward good behavior and raise awareness that certain conditions, including obesity, raise costs throughout the state Medicaid system.
This noodle-headed idea comes from the same governor and legislature that last year decided the way to balance the budget was to rescind coverage for Arizonans waiting for organ transplants. Not new cases, mind you, but people to whom coverage had been promised. Now in its wake comes a "sin tax" for the smoking, trouser-splitting poor.
Story: Arizona considering $50 tax for smokers, obese
Put aside the issue of whether smokers actually save the state money by dying young. Ignore the question of why it is fine to sin if you are rich but if you are dirt poor, then you will be taxed for gobbling too many calories or sneaking smokes. And pay no mind to the fact that the people who are facing this tax are only those who earn less then $15,000 per year for a two-person family.
The legislature has zero credibility when it comes to battling obesity. Just two weeks ago, Arizona's House gave preliminary approval to a law making it illegal for any local government to restrict toy giveaways to promote fast-food products such as McDonald's Happy Meals. What triggered this vital legislation? Efforts in California by Santa Clara County and by San Francisco to battle childhood obesity by making fattening junk food less attractive to kids by ending the free toy-crummy high-calorie food association.
Low-income people eat the most junk food. And the legislature and the Governor in Arizona could not care less. Keep the high-calorie meals coming. There are taxes to be collected.
Look, I want people to be thinner. I am no fan of smoking. But levying a sin tax on the poorest of the poor for behavior that the state does nothing to discourage is both hypocritical and lousy public policy.
If sin taxes are the way to go in balancing the budget, then everyone should be subject to the fines.
With more than 25 percent of Arizonans obese and 16 percent who smoke, there will be plenty of money available. And just to be fair, the governor can add the same tax to water-skiing, jet skiing, horseback riding, mountain biking, owning a swimming pool, paragliding, rock climbing, failing to wear a helmet while riding a motorcycle (Arizona has a very weak law) or choosing to work in roofing, mining or construction — or any other activity that carries a risk. Actually, if the governor really wants to make money, how about a tanning tax for those who bask in the Arizona sun and hike their risk of skin cancer?
The way to get at the costs of health care is to take a long hard look at prices, overuse of services and fraud. But that would be too hard. Picking on the poor is just lazy and mean.
© 2013 msnbc.com. Reprints


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(covers information from several alternate timelines)
The chief medical officer (CMO), first medical officer, senior medical officer, or ship's surgeon was a senior staff-level position, typically held by a lieutenant commander or commander who was a doctor of medicine with surgical skills. A nurse could also hold this position if no qualified doctors were available. (TAS: "The Lorelei Signal")
Chief medical officers were also referred to as the "ship's surgeon" in the 23rd and 24th centuries. (TOS: "The Man Trap"; DS9: "Shadows and Symbols")
Some noted chief medical officers in Starfleet history were:
- Doctor Phlox of Enterprise NX-01
- Doctor Leonard McCoy of the USS Enterprise and USS Enterprise-A
- Doctor Beverly Crusher of the USS Enterprise-D and the USS Enterprise-E
- Doctor Katherine Pulaski of the USS Enterprise-D
- Doctor Julian Bashir of Deep Space 9 and the USS Defiant
- The Doctor, the Emergency Medical Holographic program of the USS Voyager
The Starfleet of the alternate reality established in 2233 by the temporal incursion of the Romulan Nero had one noteworthy chief medical officer:
- Doctor Leonard McCoy of the USS Enterprise (NCC-1701)
Typical ranksEdit
Chief medical officers have held a variety of ranks. They could hold any rank in the lieutenant grades, but were quite often seen as lieutenant commanders. Chief medical officers were eligible to take the Bridge Officer's Test for promotion to full commander. At this point, they were considered capable of assuming command of a starship. (TNG: "Thine Own Self") In light of that, their primary duties remained the crew's physical well-being, and several chief medical officers have been civilians with no clear role in the ship's chain of command outside their medical duties. (Star Trek: Voyager; Star Trek: Enterprise)
Specific dutiesEdit
CMOs aboard a starship or starbase were directly in charge of the sickbay or infirmary, commanding medical department personnel and activities. The CMOs' primary duties were the oversight and maintenance of the overall health and physical fitness of crew and passengers. Furthermore as standard medical procedure, the CMO had full medical authority over any patient officially admitted into their care in their facility, including superior officers, until they were formally released from care.
Officers likely to be assigned as the CMO over long-duration missions of exploration had scientific training in disciplines outside of medicine, allowing them to take on major, extended research projects, or to better participate in a wider variety of encounters. (TOS: "The Immunity Syndrome"; TNG: "Clues", "Suspicions")
According to Starfleet's handbook on personal relationships, "All Starfleet personnel must obtain authorization from their CO, as well as clearance from their Medical Officer, before initiating an intimate relationship (or intimate relations) with an alien species." Such a waiver also required the captain's approval. (VOY: "The Disease", "Prophecy")
In addition to the normal duties of an officer, Starfleet Order 104 Section C gave CMOs the power to relieve an officer or crewman, including a superior one, of their duties if in the CMO's professional judgment, the officer in question was medically unfit. The CMO in question would need to officially certify and provide evidence of unfitness at a subsequent board of inquiry. (ENT: "Hatchery"; TOS: "The Doomsday Machine") Typically, the CMO was expected to have the support of a senior command officer or detailed medical documentation to justify this course of action. (TOS: "The Doomsday Machine"; TNG: "Lonely Among Us"; VOY: "Year of Hell, Part II")
The chief medical officer was able to impose medical physicals upon crewmembers if the mission lasted more than two weeks. (VOY: "Memorial")
The CMO also seemed to have the authority to order officers to do things that would be beneficent to their health, like sleeping. (TNG: "Violations")
In the 23rd century, chief medical officers certified the health of research personnel on alien planets on a yearly interval. (TOS: "The Man Trap")
In an alternate timeline on stardate 51425, The Doctor cited Starfleet Medical Regulation 121, Section A in an attempt to relieve Captain Kathryn Janeway of her command. She refused his order, stating that he had no way to actually "implement this protocol". He countered, by saying that he would note the incident in his official log, and that it could lead to her general court martial. (VOY: "Year of Hell, Part II")
Starfleet chief medical officers Edit
- Dr. Sarah April
- USS Enterprise (2245- before 2254)
- Dr. Julian Bashir
- Station Deep Space 9 (2369-)
- USS Defiant (NX-74205) (2371-2375)
- USS Defiant (2375-)
- Dr. Phil Boyce
- Dr. Carter
- Dr. Christine Chapel
- USS Enterprise (briefly as a nurse in 2269 (TAS: "The Lorelei Signal"); 2270s)
- Dr. Arthur Coleman
- Ship unknown
- Dr. Beverly Crusher
- The Doctor
- Dr. Elizabeth Lense
- Dr. Leonard McCoy
- Dr. Moran
- Dr. Phlox
- Dr. Mark Piper
- Dr. Katherine Pulaski
- USS Repulse (?-2365)
- USS Enterprise-D (2365)
- Dr. Martin Rackham
Alternate timelines and parallel universes Edit
- Dr. Phlox
- Dr. Puri
- Dr. Leonard McCoy
- USS Enterprise (2258-2263)
- USS Franklin (2263)
- USS Enterprise-A (2260s)
- Dr. Leonard McCoy
- Dr. Alyssa Ogawa
Aliens Edit
- Banean chief medical officer (VOY: "Ex Post Facto")
- Vidiian Sodality chief surgeon
Appendices Edit
See also Edit
Apocrypha Edit
- Decipher's Customizable Card Game states that the ill-fated lieutenant commander who was chief medical officer of the USS Voyager was named Fitzgerald. The novelization of VOY: "Caretaker" also listed him as Fitzgerald.
- There have been several other chief medical officers of note in non-canon Star Trek stories, such as novels and comics:
- Dr. Selar (β)
- Dr. Elizabeth Lense (β)
- USS da Vinci (β) in Star Trek: Starfleet Corps of Engineers
- Dr. Carter Greyhorse (β)
- Dr. T'pek (β)
- USS Destiny (β) in The Lives of Dax
- Dr. Ree (β)
- USS Titan (β) in Star Trek: Titan
- Dr. Jarem Kaz (β)
- USS Voyager (β) in Old Wounds
- Dr. Savel (β)
- USS Enterprise-F (β) in Star Trek Online


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Olbrich Botanical Gardens is the site of many types of events, attracting visitors of all ages. The Olbrich Botanical Society sponsors events such as Olbrich's Blooming Butterflies, Olbrich's Holiday Express, and Concerts in the Gardens. Regional and international tours offer guests the opportunity to see gardens around the country and the world. Community groups and garden clubs also host meetings, sales, shows, and other events at the Gardens.
Olbrich Botanical Gardens is operated as a public-private partnership between the City of Madison Parks Division and the Olbrich Botanical Society.
Olbrich Botanical Gardens | 3330 Atwood Avenue, Madison, WI 53704. | Phone: (608)246-4550 | Fax: (608)246-4719


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Donatella Della Ratta, Violence and Visibility in Contemporary Syria: An Ethnography of the "Expanded Places", CyberOrient, Vol. 9, Iss. 1, 2015
about us
CyberOrient is published by the American Anthropological Association and the Faculty of Arts of Charles University.
Donatella Della Ratta and Augusto Valeriani, Remixing the Spring!: Connective leadership and read-write practices in the 2011 Arab uprisings, CyberOrient, Vol. 6, Iss. 1, 2012
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text: The Tronco Table blends an aesthetic of solidity with easy versatility. Angled corners and chamfered edges let these tables join easily in groups or rows to support meals, meetings, or gatherings of all kinds. A range of colored stains over ash grain move the warmth of wood into any environment. Mattiazzi's trademark attention to detail is obvious here, as it is in the stackable chairs from the Tronco family.Learn more at hermanmiller.com Download PDF Share: Email Facebook Twitter LinkedIn


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From Zen Cart(tm) Wiki
Initial Setup and Management
Customer Referral First Discount Coupon
How to
Configure Downloadable Products
Stop The Post Code From Being Required
Admin Menu Sections
- My Store — General information about your site.
- Minimum Values — Defines minimum values for various options in validation of user input.
- Maximum Values — Defines maximum values for various items that will appear on each page/in each block.
- Images — Controls size of images on each page/each type of content.
- Customer Details — Controls options to include in User Login/Registration and My Account pages.
- Shipping/Packaging — General shipping information including locations, weight and size limits, etc.
- Product Listing — Controls appearance of main Product Listing pages.
- Stock — Control various options regarding stock control.
- Logging — Controls how events are logged.
- E-Mail Options — Various email configuration options.
- Attribute Settings — Controls how product attributes are handled.
- GZip Compression — Controls compression settings if the information is transmitted to the user's web browser in compressed format.
- Sessions — Information about user sessions (such as whether they are stored in a file on the server or in a cookie on the browser).
- Regulations — Provision of terms and conditions for customers.
- GV Coupons — Various configuration options for the Gift Voucher module.
- Credit Cards — Determine which credit cards to accept.
- Product Info — Basic options controlling elements to include on Product Info page.
- Layout Settings — Controls certain layout options.
- Website Maintenance — Controls how your store appears to customers when it is down for maintenance.
- New Listing — How and where certain product listing information for new listings are displayed.
- Featured Listing — How and where certain product listing information for featured listings are displayed.
- All Listing — How and where certain product listing information for all listings are displayed.
- Index Listing — Whether certain items show on main page.
- Define Page Status — Controls whether define pages editor text is used and whether a link to a certain page is displayed.
- EZ-Pages Settings — Various options to configure the EZ-Pages; an easy way to add new pages of content.
- Categories/Products — Create and edit products and categories.
- Product Types — View and edit product types.
- Products Price Manager — Edit product pricing by category.
- Option Name Manager — View, edit, add and delete option names.
- Option Value Manager — View, edit, add and delete option values.
- Attributes Controller — View and edit product attributes.
- Downloads Manager — View and edit certain information about downloadable items.
- Option Name Sorter — View and edit sort order for option names.
- Option Value Sorter — Change sort order for option values.
- Manufacturers — View, add, edit or delete manufacturer information.
- Reviews — Edit or delete customer supplied reviews
- Specials — View, edit or delete special pricing.
- Featured Products — View, add, edit or delete featured products.
- SaleMaker — View, add, edit or delete sales.
- Products Expected — View or edit expected products.
- Payment — Install, edit or disable payment processing systems.
- Shipping — Install, edit or disable shipping methods.
- Order Total — Install, edit or disable checkout totalizer items.
Locations / Taxes
- Countries — Defines every country and ISO-3166 2-letter and 3-letter country code. Also defines the address format for letters sent by postal mail.
- Zones — Defines subdivisions of countries such as states/provinces or counties for tax or shipping purposes.
- Zones Definitions — Create a zone for tax purposes.
- Tax Classes — Used to differentiate between the type of tax calculations that apply to a given product.
- Tax Rates — Create a specific tax rate for a zone.
- Currencies — Add new currencies or edit existing ones.
- Languages — Add additional language(s) in order to internationalize the output generated by Zen Cart™.
- Orders Status — Add names of new order status entries, edit existing order status name entries, or delete an order status name entry.
- Products Viewed — List of the number of views of all products.
- Products Purchased — List of products which have been purchased.
- Customer Orders-Total — List of orders which have been placed.
- Products Low Stock — List of items sorted by number available in stock, low to high.
- Customers Referral — List of orders having a referral or coupon code.
- Template Selection — Assigns a tempate to a language as the default for that language.
- Layout Boxes Controller — Shows how and where certain side boxes are to be displayed.
- Banner Manager — Manage various "fortune cookie"-type text banners.
- Send Email — Compose a plaintext only (non-HTML) email message to be sent to a customer or a certain group of customers.
- Newsletter Manager — Compose an HTML (with optional plaintext) email message to be sent to a customer or a certain group of customers.
- Server/Version Info — Information about the web server and PHP running Zen Cart™.
- Who's Online — View certain information about the users who are currently connected to Zen Cart™.
- Admin Settings — View certain information about users who have administrator priveleges on Zen Cart™, or to grant administrator priveleges to certain users.
- Email Welcome — View the welcome message sent by Zen Cart™ when a user first registers for an account.
- Store Manager — Delete certain information from activity logs if they become too large (prior backup recommended).
- Developers Tool Kit — Search system files (to make it easier to make customizations).
- EZ-Pages — Add and remove special EZ-Pages pages which are easier to create or edit than standard PHP or HTML.
- Define Pages Editor — Edit certain definition pages.
- Install SQL Patches — Run SQL commands directly.
Gift Certificate/Coupons
- Coupon Admin — Manage discount coupons.
- Gift Certificates Queue — View and release gift certificates which have been issued.
- Mail Gift Certificate — Generate gift certificates and issue them by e-mail.
- Gift Certificates sent — View gift vouchers which have been sent.
- Record Artists — View, add, edit and delete recording artists.
- Record Companies — View, add, edit and delete record companies.
- Music Genre — View, add, edit and delete music genres.
- Media Manager — View, add, edit and delete collection names, which may be assigned to products.
- Media Types — View, add, edit and delete media type names and media types (like MP3, WAV etc.).


text: ← Giddy Excitement Scratch Coat and Fresh Patios → Long Haul Posted: March 20th, 2011Author: zittelFiled Under: A-Z West, Wagon Stations3 Comments What is the opposite of a quick fix? Whatever you want to call it, that is the long saga of trying to repair three wagon stations after they were demolished by the wind in February of 2008. Yesterday TK fastened new aluminum and lexan to the hoods. Before that was a string of work performed by at least seven different people to get them to their current state. and a few times we even had to backtrack and do things over again, such as when newly repaired panels were blown out a second time by the wind while they were still sitting on the studio patio. (just one more reason why the indoor studio is going to be such an improvement) Here is the Wagon Station in it's original glory – a luxurious doublewide… until it flipped by the wind (below) and then another windstorm hit a day later , breaking it down even further, scattering the pieces all over A-Z West. Finally, by the end of yesterday, two of the units have their shiny new hoods are ready for detailing… 3 Comments On "Long Haul" Mariève Charette March 28, 2011 I'm very interesting by your project, where I can find you? Merci Reply kelly April 15, 2011 what in the world is a wagon station? I'm so curious… is it simply a camper without wheels? Reply Leave a Reply Click here to cancel reply. ← Giddy Excitement Scratch Coat and Fresh Patios →


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