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The Fall of the Empire Amazon Book Description …
Having just been advanced into the ranks of the first-class traders, Etl thought his life could not get any better. He was a trader of the Tepanec Empire, living in the Great Capital itself. Yes, there had been a war, an outright revolt by the united tributaries and other subdued nations of his beloved city-state, but those would be squashed easily. The Tepanecs were always victorious.
The only thing that made him worry was the decision of Tlalli, the girl from the marketplace he liked, to sell herself into the Palace's services. He didn't want her to do that, having intended to take care of her himself, but the stubborn, pretty thing went on and did it all the same. Why?
Apparently, Tlalli was not just a simple market girl, but a young woman with a very unusual agenda. She had her own grudge to settle, and with no lesser person than the Emperor himself.
But then the enemies struck...
My Review …
I love historical fiction that sweeps me back to times I know nothing about; that allows me to experience life as it was then, and The Fall of the Empire does just that. I read, and immensely enjoyed, this final book of Zoe Saadia's Rise of the Aztec series, as a standalone story.
Set in the Tepanec Empire, or today's Mexico, this is an action-packed adventure story of revenge, survival and love, featuring slaves, warriors, traders and emperors. It begins with the trader, Etl, overhearing a band of soldiers who plan to overthrow the emperor, and the pretty, smart and determined girl, Tlalli, who is plotting her revenge against the Emperor.
The turmoil is intriguing, and had me switching sides from chapter to chapter. The battles are captivating and the story, with its great drama and unexpected twists, moves forward to a historically-accurate conclusion.
The characters are so well-drawn that we feel we are there, with them, trying to stay alive in a situation they have no control over. And when, at the end, we have to bid goodbye to Etl, Tlacaelel, Tlalli and the others, it feels like saying goodbye to real people.
With its rich characters, blended from real and imagined people, its lovely prose woven through accurate historical fact, and a pace that never flags, I would highly recommend this book to fans of historical fiction.
And after The Fall of the Empire, I'm really looking forward to reading the entire Rise of the Aztec series!
Interview with Zoe …
Hi Zoe, and welcome to the Triskele Bookclub.
Q: I know you've probably been asked this before, but why your great interest in this period in particular?
A: Hi Liza, thank you for greeting me to Triskele Bookclub. It's an honor to visit this wonderful site as a guest this time.
To answer your question, I did not choose any of the Mesoamerican cultures to research and write about. They sort of chose me. My specialty is pre-Columbian North America. I researched this continent and the most prominent of its cultures for over a decade, intending to represent them in historical fiction to the best of my ability.
Being born on the other side of the globe, I can't say what made me so passionate about pre-contact Americas in general, yet the fact remained that since being a child I could think about little else. So after decades of harassing innocent people all around me, trying to make them understand that all we know about indigenous Americas is not truth, I finally found my purpose, combining my passion for this particular history with an ardent love for historical fiction in general.
To describe my books, they are all solidly historical, based on thorough, detailed research. But the word "fiction" in my work is essential. Dry history is of an interest to a handful of people, but a good story is always a good story, whether set in contemporary surroundings or the historical ones.
I make it my point to write action-adventure stories, never to turn them into dry history lessons. For what is history if not an account of adventurous people who had managed to leave their mark, whether in ancient Rome, WW2 Europe or undiscovered Americas?
Therefore, my "Pre-Aztec" and "The Rise of the Aztecs" series, while dealing with periods and cultures barely known to people, are light, reader-friendly adventure of warriors, politicians, nobles and slaves. And quite a few dominate females - how can history do without those?
Q: You have written so many books in a short space of time. You must be a very fast writer? And where do you find such inspiration?
A: Oh, as you well know, history provides us with more than enough inspiration. I never planned to write series, but each book of my Pre-Aztec trilogy and my The Rise of the Aztecs series kept pushing itself out, with a will of its own. Every time I finished one book (they all can be read as standalones more or less), I was breathing with relief, saying to myself "that's it." But each time my thoughts kept racing, wondering how the characters will fare in the future events, what will they do next. With the turbulent Mesoamerican history of the 15th century, with the Aztecs rising to power, it was difficult not to wonder. And difficult not to write about on and on J
Of course, being able to work as a full-time writer helps a lot. I have a strict routine and my family and friends joke about me having the toughest boss, worse than any of theirs. My husband is a wonderful man, patient and extremely supportive. I would never have written, published and promoted so many books without his wonderful encouragement and support.
Q: Why the decision to go indie? Would you have liked a traditional publishing deal? And are you happy to remain as an indie-published author?
A: Well, in the beginning I did try to go the traditional way, before the publishing world got into its current earth-quaking stage.
It didn't work. I was told that I'm writing well, and that should I change my subject to a better known history, they would be prepared to accept my manuscripts. They wanted Romans and Tudors, a well-known, explored ground. Needless to say, this response left me, literarly, screaming with rage. They didn't want to take their chances with my pre-Columbian Americas.
Luckily, the Indie publishing world was already opening, with more and more articles published about its possibilities. So, two years ago I took the plunge, and frankly, I never regretted taking this particular decision.
Independent publishing is more demanding, leaving the author to deal with all the aspects of this business, but it is much more rewarding, too. After two years, and quite a few mistakes made along the way, I've built a satisfactory name for myself, a respectable site to promote this history and my works, and a nice fan base to receive a lot of feedback through Goodreads and Amazon.
More importantly, I have a good theme to help me along, with a good editor, proofreader and a cover artist cooperating wonderfully, so I can write away and let my books out with no delays. In the traditional publishing industry they would have been piling up, waiting to be attended stage by stage. Independently, I can let them out as fast as I can write them, provided I, and the people I'm working with, are prepared to work hard. Which we most certainly are.
Q: What part of the indie publishing process do you undertake yourself, and what do you hire people for?
A: Well, being not a natural team worker, I would rather have done everything all by myself J But regretfully, it is not possible. My grammar is hopeless and my art abilities are non-existent. So I employ a copy-editor/proofreader and a cover artist. Luckily, both are wonderful professionals and great persons into the bargain, so today we work as a team and as far as I know, are enjoying ourselves. For myself I can vouch that it is a great pleasure to work with both of them.
Q: How do you juggle writing and promoting your books?
A: Oh, this is the trickiest matter. Both fields are very demanding, very time-consuming, difficult to balance. The marketing possibilities are limitless and it is very tempting to try to grab every one of the opportunities, thus neglecting the writing aspect. What I learned so far is that should the balance tip, as it always does, it had better tip toward the writing. We tend to forget our main purpose sometimes, why did we begin to write in the first place. The intensive world of the internet marketing does that to us. But a writer should first and foremost write and create, and so when sometimes I neglect my site and my emails and my communication with other fellow authors, or don't do the acceptable launches and splashes around each new book, I feel that I do the right thing. I wish there were a few more hours in each day and no need to eat and sleep, but as it is it's the promoting that gets neglected sometimes. As long as the writing does not, I think it can be tolerated J
Q: I know you have written other series, and standalones. Can you tell us briefly about your other books?
A: Gladly!
So I have two series dealing with the turbulent Mesoamerican history of the times when the Aztecs came to power, to establish the empire we all came to know through various conquistadors accounts (misled by the conquerors with their obvious agenda, we came to think of these people in very general, often mistaking terms. But those amazing, highly advanced civilizations, like many other pre-Columbian societies, are worth of our interest and attention)
My "Pre-Aztec" trilogy is dealing with the times when the Aztecs just began to enter the game of powers that kept Mesoamerica on edge for more than a few centuries. This trilogy is mainly representing the local power, the Tepanec Empire that ruled Mexican Valley before.
"The Rise of the Aztecs" series, on the other hand, opened the new era, when the Aztecs and their allies began to feel powerful enough to challenge the might of the Tepanecs. It ended with the beginning of the revolt, when the balance of powers began to tip.
Then came "The Fall of the Empire", when the Aztecs and their allies got the upper hand at long last (so it was very tempting to present the opposite, Tepanec, point of view this time, which I promptly did. This book was a stand-alone so far, but I just finished writing its sequel, and plan to write another, third, book on the subject. I hope to have this new trilogy ready for the next spring.
This way the Mesoamerican Saga will be consisted of three series, covering about a century of upheavals in the Mexican Valley (current day Mexico-city).
To cover pre-contact North America, I offer The Peacemaker Trilogy that deals with the 12th century upstate New York, recounting how the famous Iroquois Confederacy was born, a democracy that influenced even the modern-day USA constitution as we know it, a contribution that the American congress was reluctant to admit until a few years ago. Another part of history that should be made known to people J
Q: And lastly, any hints about what you are currently working on and plans for future books?
A: Well, as I stated before, I currently work on the continuation of the story presented in "The Fall of the Empire". This particular history and culture just wouldn't let me go J
Thanks for answering my questions, Zoe.
Thank you so much for this opportunity to talk about my work, answering your wonderful, delightfully thought-provoking questions, Liza. I enjoyed myself very much and will keep coming back to Triskele Bookclub as a reader and an avid history buff J
Now I'd recommend you check out Zoe's website; it's an amazing work of art!
And her books with their gorgeous cover designs:
The Young Jaguar, Pre-Aztec Trilogy, book 1 http://www.amazon.com/Young-Jaguar-Pre-Aztec-Trilogy-Book-ebook/dp/B007UII58E/
The Highlander, The Rise of the Aztecs, book 1 http://www.amazon.com/Highlander-Rise-Aztecs-book-ebook/dp/B009CCBCU4/
The Fall of the Empire http://www.amazon.com/Fall-Empire-Zoe-Saadia-ebook/dp/B00BVJGBYI/
Two Rivers, The Peacemaker Trilogy, book 1 http://www.amazon.com/Rivers-Great-Peacemaker-book-ebook/dp/B00DTT5KGI/
Contact details for Zoe:
Twitter https://twitter.com/ZoeSaadia
Facebook https://www.facebook.com/zoe.saadia.5


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Costly win for Senators? (Ottawa Sun)
Butler must shoot or sit (Ottawa Sun)
A comeback at a cost (Ottawa Citizen)
Anderson to unveil new heritage mask (Ottawa Citizen)
Photo gallery (Ottawa Citizen)
Victory, but at what cost? (Le Droit)
Photo gallery (Le Droit)
Senators lose LW Michalek to upper-body injury (AP)
Photo gallery (OttawaSenators.com)
Photo gallery (Sabres.com)
Photo gallery (AP)
Photo gallery (Buffalo News)
Photo gallery (WGRZ-TV)
Wednesday's Ottawa Coverage
Costly win for Senators? (Ottawa Sun)

subset: commoncrawl


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Category : Dissertation.
Topic : How to write a literature review for a dissertation pdf. Author : Torrey.
Posted : Sat, Jan 18th 2020 16:47 PM.
Format : jpg/jpeg.
There are various management dissertation topics to choose from. Therefore, you might get confused in selecting the best one. However, you should plan properly. It is true that writing down the ideas about topics in your mind can be a great option. Whenever you come across something that can be used as a topic, you should plan to write it. This will allow you to get a clear picture for your selection. You should know that television and internet websites is the fastest options, when it comes to gathering ideas for topics.


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Export 6 results:Author Type [ Year]
Filters: Author is R. Bos [Clear All Filters]
"Brain activation detection from functional magnetic resonance imaging data using likelihood based hypothesis tests", Abstracts of the 24th Benelux Meeting on Systems and Control, Houffalize, Belgium, March, 2005.
"A likelihood ratio test for functional MRI data analysis to account for colored noise", Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3708, pp. 538-546, September, 2005. Download full paper (483.15 KB)
"Estimation of the noise variance from the background histogram mode of an MR image", Proceedings of the 25th Benelux Meeting on Systems and Control, Heeze, The Netherlands, March, 2006.
"Estimation of the noise variance from the background histogram mode of an MR image", Proceedings of SPS-DARTS 2006 (The second annual IEEE BENELUX/DSP Valley Signal Processing Symposium), Antwerp, Belgium, pp. 159-162, March, 2006.
"Robust estimation of the noise variance from background MR data", Proceedings of SPIE Medical Imaging: Image Processing, vol. 6144, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 2018-2028, February, 2006.
"Likelihood based hypothesis tests for brain activation detection from MRI data disturbed by colored noise: a simulation study", IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 287-296, February, 2009.


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Yep, you read that right. On Friday this week the ICJ will be handing down its much anticipated judgment in the Jurisdictional Immunities of the State (Germany v. Italy: Greece intervening) case, dealing with the whole Ferrini and Distomo immunity saga. Coincidentally, that same saga forms a large chunk of this year's Jessup moot court competition, with hundreds of law students around the globe having toiled away at their memorials over the past few months and now busily preparing themselves for the national and international oral rounds of the competition (the latter taking place in the last week of March in Washington, DC). The compromis this year is a rather good one (read it here), dealing not just with immunities but also with the legitimacy of governments, attribution of conduct to international organizations, use of force, etc. All the more pity the ICJ is now poised to throw a wrench in it – judicial comity regrettably does not seem to extend to its pretend counterparts around the globe. I can just imagine the pain of all those students who will be forced to 'distinguish' the Court's freshly-minted judgment in their oral pleadings (Germany is widely expected to win the case, but of course who knows). Bad karma for everybody involved. But the poor students mights still have their revenge, as the Court's website may well crash from the Jessup hordes trying to access the live video feed and/or the judgment on Friday… Happy times.
(On a slightly more serious note, we'll try to have commentary on the judgment as soon as possible).


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Are you interested in working in the finance industry but not sure if it's the right path for you? Next February, join us at SIG to learn more about what a day in the life looks like across our trading, finance, technology, and operations teams. Throughout the day you'll get to learn about what our teams do, how options trading works, and will get a sense of our unique culture and work environment.
What we're looking for
This opportunity is open to women who are planning to graduate in the winter of 2021 or the spring of 2022. We are looking for students with a background and interest in any of the following fields/majors:
- Math/Applied Math
- Computer Science/Engineering
- Finance
- Information Technology
- Economics
- Systems Engineering /Networking/Security
Please submit your resume in order to be considered for the program.
Points: 25
Philly Tech Week, sponsored by Comcast, is a week-long celebration of technology and innovation happening throughout the Greater Philadelphia region. There's something for everyone!
Philly Tech Week is organized into 7 different tracks (Creative, Access, Dev, Civic, Business, Media and Sciences). You can search for events that match your interests by clicking on one of the track icons.
Technical.ly also organizes Conference Days focused around some of these tracks. Click on the "Get Conference Tickets" button to learn more.
Save the Date! The 10 Year Anniversary of Philly Tech Week will take place: May 1-9, 2020


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Portfolio of 3 C-prints presented in cloth folio
From the series Act of Flying (9), 2006
Image size: 10 x 12 inches
Paper size: 11 x 14 inches
From the series Act of Flying (13), 2006
Image size: 10 x 12 inches
Paper size: 11 x 14 inches
From the series Act of Flying (23), 2006
Image size: 10 x 12 inches
Paper size: 11 x 14 inches
Since 1997, Finnish rising star Sanna Kannisto has spent several months per year living alongside biologists in the rainforests of Latin America. Adopting elements of her companions' scientific methods, she developed her own form of visual research, extending her depictions of flora and fauna beyond the confines of the natural sciences. Breaking away from the conventions of nature photography, which typically presents specimens in isolation, devoid of context, Kannisto's work addresses the acts of staging and image-making. With her gentle humor, she recognizes and utilizes the constraints of science and art alike, investigating the concept of truth in photography to challenge how we view and "know" the natural world. This portfolio coincides with her solo exhibition at the Aperture Gallery and the Aperture publication of Kannisto's first major monograph, Fieldwork.
Sanna Kannisto (born in Hämeenlinna, Finland, 1974) studied photography at the Turku School of Art and Communication before completing her MA in Photography at the University of Art and Design in Helsinki. Her work has been exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art, New York; Maison Européenne de la Photographie, Paris Fotomuseum Winterthur, Switzerland; and the Finnish Museum of Photography, Helsinki. Kannisto is represented by the Gallery Taik, Berlin and Galerie la Ferronnerie in Paris, France. She lives in Helsinki.
You may also be interested in:
Combo Nature Preserve #6, Mauritius, 2004
Harri Kallio$600.00
Sustenance 95, 2003
Neeta Madahar$500.00
Photographs by Sanna Kannisto
Regular Price: $50.00
Special Price $40.00


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My pond water is green, do UV's really work?
Summer – Baton Rouge, LA
The short answer? Yes. While it might seem like smoke and mirrors, UVs help to consolidate algae particles, which are then removed through regular filtration. And because planktonic algae particles are typically responsible for green pond water, products like our all-in-one ClearSolution™ Filter and AllClear™ systems – which include UVs within their filters – and our PowerUV™ Clarifiers – which can be added inline with your existing plumbing – are terrific resources to help keep pond water clear and clean. Bear in mind, though, that UV can't work miracles, and has no impact on string algae.
Now that we've established the fact that UVs really do work, there's an even bigger issue to consider. The presence of planktonic algae is, after all, a symptom of a larger issue – and UVs are simply a means to treat it. In order to reduce reliance on UVs and filtration, it's important to consider the cause of the bloom.
Planktonic algae bloom in nutrient-rich water. Nutrients can come in a variety of forms. There are many culprits – including excessive fish food, an overabundance of fish (and the waste they produce), bird droppings, and even runoff from fertilized lawns. When too many of those nutrients are in your pond, algae – which are present in all water – multiply quickly to take advantage of what they see as a free lunch. When algae multiplies, a cycle begins which depletes oxygen, and can harm or kill both fish and beneficial aquatic plants. So take stock of your pond. Evaluate the number of fish you have – and adjust your feeding levels accordingly. If your pond is overpopulated, consider reducing the number of fish, and the corresponding waste they produce.
Finally, consider using our PondLogic® DefensePAC®, which helps to improve water quality, eliminate muck and built-up debris, and to enhance fish health. With quick and easy application, you'll see noticeable results in no time – and with minimal effort.
Pond Talk: Have you encountered green water in your pond? How did you remedy the situation?
Filed under: Aeration - WG, Algae Control, Koi & Goldfish, Oxygen Depletion, Pea-Green Algae, Pond Cleanouts, Pond Vacuums, Pressurized Filtration, Pump, Season-Long Control, Uncategorized, Water Gardens & Features, Water Quality Issues | Tagged: algae, algae water, allclear, ClearSolution filter, dirty water, mucky, Water, water clarifiers | 1 Comment »


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Their relationship begins almost four months prior to Pilot and ends in the episode Sectionals, when Finn finds out that Quinn has cheated on him with his best friend, Noah Puckerman, and that she is pregnant with his baby. They get back together the next year after Quinn cheats on Sam Evans, whom she was initially dating, with Finn. They break up again in Funeral due to Finn having stronger feelings for Rachel and feeling like he still hasn't been able to fix everything from the previous year.
OverviewQuinn is Finn's first girlfriend and Finn is Quinn's first boyfriend. As two of the most popular kids in William McKinley High School, they begin dating a few months prior to the start of the series. Earlier in their relationship, when they are being physically intimate, Quinn would stop and suggest they pray instead. Although Finn wants to sleep with Quinn, she always refuses due to her religious beliefs. However, Quinn ends up having sex with Noah Puckerman (Finn's best friend at the time) after he offers her wine coolers and lies to her about using protection because she is feeling "fat", resulting in her unexpected pregnancy. Quinn lies to Finn about the paternity of the pregnancy and claims the baby is his, citing the time Finn prematurely ejaculated in Quinn's hot tub. Under the false belief that Quinn is carrying his child, Finn opts to stay with her and attempts to become a good father. When Quinn's parents learn about her pregnancy, the two stand up for each other. Quinn is ultimately kicked out of her home, but Finn and his mother take her in. Later on, Rachel believes that she has learnt the truth about Quinn's pregnancy and tells Finn about her suspicions. Finn, after punching Puck in the face, demands the truth from Quinn, who confesses that Puck is indeed the father of the baby. A very upset and angry Finn declares he is done with her, ending their relationship and his friendship with Puck.
In Hell-O, Finn admits in a voiceover that he is still not over Quinn, whom he gazes at longingly in the hallway. In that week's Glee Club assignment, he sings Hello, I Love You, to describe his feelings about Quinn and Puck's relationship. Throughout the rest of the year, they are implied to still have feelings for each other, although neither are ever seen talking with each other.
In Britney/Brittany, Quinn asks Finn out on a date to Breadstix even though Finn is in a relationship with Rachel. Despite declining Quinn's offer, he tells her that he still has and probably always will have feelings for her. It is soon revealed that Rachel asked Quinn to do this, however Quinn is still visibly upset from Finn's response.In The Sue Sylvester Shuffle, Quinn is stuck in a dilemma in which she has to choose between the Cheerios and Glee Club. Rachel bluntly declares that Quinn will pick the Cheerios, but Finn defends Quinn, stating that it is unfair of Rachel to judge her. Quinn, however, still chooses to be with the Cheerios and Finn confronts her about this, their conversation ending on a sour note. They make up when Finn confronts Quinn again just before the football match's half time show and requests that she, Santana and Brittany leave the Cheerios and help them perform for Glee club. Finn additionally tells Quinn that he knows she was strong enough to make this decision, and she agrees to leave the Cheerios. After winning the football match, Finn and Quinn share happy looks in the stadium, but Finn later runs into her just as he is about to leave the change rooms. Quinn tells him the way he had acted the entire week reminded her why she loved him and they share a kiss in the hallway. Quinn, realizing what she did, quickly leaves the area, leaving Finn confused. Their relationship picks up in Silly Love Songs, where Finn again reveals that he is still not over Quinn. He sets up a kissing booth under the guise of a fundraiser, when it is really to get Quinn to kiss him. Quinn, aware of his ploy, confronts him and initially rejected him. But when Sam confronts Quinn, suspicious of her actions, she lets her ego take control of her, and decides to kiss Finn anyway. When they do, they feel fireworks. Finn and Quinn later meet in the auditorium, where they briefly discuss where they are in their relationship, and kiss again, this time more passionately. Unknown to them, Santana deliberately infected Finn with mono as revenge for their actions earlier in the week, leading to both Finn and Quinn getting sick. Santana reveals this in order to raise Sam's suspicions so that he would break-up with Quinn.
In Comeback, Sam gets over his denial of Quinn cheating on him and breaks up with her, revealing that he is now dating Santana. In Sexy, it is learned that the two secretly start dating. They later make their relationship public after their Glee Regionals competition in order to gain more votes for Prom King and Queen.
In Born This Way, Lauren Zizes reveals Quinn's past; devastated, she runs away. Lauren later apologizes for this and realized she was out of line. After gaining her composure, she is confronted by Finn, who she tells that she believed there was no hope left for her to be Prom Queen. Finn reassures her of her body image, taking out a photo of "Lucy" and telling her that she is his girlfriend. He liked this photo better because it showed him who Quinn really was. To Quinn's surprise, Lauren's plan to sabotage her votes backfired, when she revealed that Quinn's popularity instead increased after putting up the Lucy Caboosey posters. Finn and Quinn's relationship started going downhill from Rumours, where Quinn was suspected of cheating on Finn with Sam, bringing up trust issues within the couple, however these were resolved by the end of the episode when Sam revealed Quinn was babysitting his younger siblings.
In Prom Queen, Finn starts getting jealous of Jesse and how he was making Rachel happy. The two get into a fight during the prom, and are consequently kicked out, ruining Quinn's chances of being Prom Queen. They stay together until Finn breaks up with her in Funeral, both of them taking it very hard, despite Finn telling Quinn that he still loves her. In New York, Quinn, still distraught from the breakup, refused to get over Finn. But after returning from their trip to Nationals, Quinn appeared to be fine with it, accepting the fact that Finn loves Rachel.
Pilot is when it was confirmed they were dating, but Finn says they had already been dating for four months. When Rachel asks if Finn and her should go out, Finn already says he is in a relationship with Quinn, which shocks Rachel. It cuts to a scene of Quinn and Finn making out, but then Quinn stops after Finn attempts to touch Quinn's butt, stopping him and telling him they should pray instead. He tells Rachel that Quinn is cool. (Pilot)
Quinn initially joined Glee club to get closer to Finn. Quinn justifies this reason to Sue Sylvester and acknowledges Rachel as a threat to her relationship with Finn. Finn joins the Celibacy Club because of Quinn and reminisces about her (hot tub scene). Finn and Quinn pair up with the balloon in the celibacy club meeting and freaks out when the balloon popped. Rachel later sings Take a Bow while watching Finn talking, who appears very happy, appearing to be commenting on how pretty she is, and laughing with Quinn, while she is doing the same. (Showmance)Quinn tells Finn she is pregnant, but doesn't tell him that the baby is not his. She makes him believe he ejaculated in a hot tub, during a heated session. She decides to lie to him because she believes he'll be a better father than Puck. Although shocked at first, Finn promises Quinn he'll support her fully. Quinn and Finn share loving looks throughout the football game. When they win their first game of the season, Finn kisses Quinn after the siren which makes Puck jealous (he is the father of her child and loves her). Finn gives Quinn his old baby blanket called Geege (the only item that he can remember his father by) for "their" child. Finn also stands up for Quinn and tells him "don't talk to my girlfriend like that" against Puck's nasty remarks. (Preggers)
Quinn and Finn sing Don't Stop Believin' together, but Quinn gets sick and runs out of the room. Finn asks Mr. Schuester to give away some of Quinn's verses in fear of something happening to her and the baby, if she performing too much. Finn tries to get Rachel to rejoin Glee club in hopes that he will get a musical scholarship to support Quinn and "their" baby. Afterwards Puck tells the New Direction's Quinn's pregnant and Finn is the father. (The Rhodes Not Taken)
During a voice-over Finn says he's actually proud to have Quinn, because she's popular, hot and carries "his" baby. Quinn acknowledges Finn's stress over the baby as well his good character and heart. She claims that the reason why she is giving up the baby to Mrs. Schuester is because of Finn (which is a lie). (Vitamin D)Quinn is seen leaning on Finn while he is sitting down at the beginning of the episode. Finn takes Quinn to the clinic to get a sonogram, the doctor tells them it's a girl and they kiss each-other. During a test Finn suggests her the name Drizzle for the baby and she asks him if he's a moron. Quinn confronts Rachel about her crush for Finn and tells her to back off, as a result of Rachel telling Quinn to sing more as she has a lot to express, Quinn sings You Keep Me Hangin' On as a way to express her jealousy between Rachel and Finn. Finn comforts Quinn when news get out to everyone that she is pregnant. They share moments as they sing Keep Holding On and when Finn grabs Quinn and Rachel's hand, he looks at Quinn. (Throwdown)
Quinn stands up for Finn when he gets slushied by one of the football guys. In the choir room Quinn washes Finn's face and talks with him about their popularity. They visit together Mrs.Pillsbury and ask for advice. She suggests wearing sunglasses by accidents, which they actually later do. However their plan backfires on them as they get slushied and made fun of again. Quinn can be seen caring for Finn by cleaning the slushie off of his face. (Mash-Up)
Finn comforts Quinn in the gym as she watches the Cheerios practice. She also urges him into finding a job and calling him a moron for not finding any during the bake sale. Also Finn walks in during Quinn and Puck's bake-fight and is shocked. She assures him they're only baking and Finn stares after Puck jealously when he leaves the room. Finn finds a job to support Quinn and "their" baby. He is seen carrying her off to class in his wheel chair. (Wheels)
Will forces the Glee kids to sing a ballad together and Finn wants Quinn as his partner, but Will says the fate will decide. Finn tells his mom Quinn is pregnant; this makes her angry because she thinks that she might tell her mom which does not happen. At dinner, Finn sings (You're) Having My Baby to Quinn in front of her parents, and Quinn, while annoyed at first, seems touched by the song, smiling in awe at Finn. Finn tries to defend her when her parents insult her for getting pregnant. She later moves in with Finn, when Quinn's family yells at her and kicks her out. She stays at Finn's house. They go through a hard time together. (Ballad)
Quinn wants to see if Puck would be a good father, and decides to distract Finn with Rachel. Quinn asks Kurt to give Rachel a makeover to make Finn more attracted to Rachel but Finn feels uncomfortable when Rachel advances on him. Quinn gets mad at Puck when she finds out he was sexting (sexy texting) Santana while they were babysitting Terri's sister's kids together. Finn then tells Quinn what happened with Rachel and admits he loves her and he only wants to be with her, feelings, which she reciprocates. They then walk off together, looking happy while Rachel and Kurt watch jealously. While the New Directions sing True Colors at the end of the episode, Finn and Quinn smile at each other. (Hairography)
Puck and Finn rushes to Quinn's aid when she slips. Finn finds out trough Rachel the baby isn't his and punches Puck. He wants to make them admit they both lied to it. He seems genuinely upset and angered when he hears the truth. Quinn tries to apologize to him, however he doesn't listen to her, leaves the choir room and kicks a chair. When he returns to the New Directions he doesn't seem to have gotten over it and still shows Quinn and Puck the cold shoulder. (Sectionals)
Finn is with Rachel but he has second thoughts and says "maybe I'm not over Quinn" and when singing Hello, I Love You, the line: "Do you think you'll be the guy to make the queen of the angels cry" seems to be directed at Puck because Quinn and Puck seemed to be going out. (Hell-O)
Puck and Finn both sing Beth for Quinn. (Theatricality)
Finn tells Quinn he has and always will have feelings for her when Quinn asks him out on a date (because Rachel told her to see if Finn still loves her and her only). (Britney/Brittany)
Finn was mad at Sam for trying to kiss Quinn. Sam asks him if he's still not over Quinn and Finn answers he has Rachel now. (Duets)
Quinn and Finn are seen holding-hands and hugging each other when they sang Dog Days Are Over, which promotes their friendship. (Special Education)
Quinn has to choose between Glee Club and New Directions and Finn says it's clear she'll choose the Cheerios. When he and Sam get into a fight, Quinn says it's actually hot. Finn causes Quinn to finally quit Cheerios over Glee Club to sing at the half time show at the big game. They share a feeling-filled look during the big game, and afterwards Quinn kisses Finn in the hallways, stating, "It reminds me why I loved you". Finn is stunned as she leaves. (The Sue Sylvester Shuffle)Finn determines his problems with Rachel were caused by the fact that he wasn't over Quinn. He sets up a kissing booth, because he thinks she is the only girl in the school who won't willingly kiss him. At first she denies him, and tells him she knows what he is doing, but later she does kiss him at the booth, and they both see fireworks. Then, she asks him to meet with her in the auditorium the next day. They meet, and kiss, after Quinn relents that she only thinks she loves Sam. Finn and Quinn both then catch mono due to Santana's meddling, and lay in the nurse's office together. Finn is determined to pursue Quinn, but she stops him, by telling him that she will not do anything with him until she figures out what is happening with Sam, and he with Rachel. (Silly Love Songs)
Finn continues to go after Quinn, who tells him still that she has to figure out where she stands with Sam. He manages to decide on a date on Friday to "the Sullivan rink", which is incidentally the same day Sam had originally planned to take Quinn to "Color Me Mine". Finn later tries to imitate Sam by dressing like Justin Bieber as well, to impress Quinn. Sam breaks things off with Quinn when he learns of her cheating on him, and their future is left unknown. (Comeback)
At the Celibacy Club, Puck spots a Hickey on Quinn's neck; she tells him she burnt herself with a curling iron. Quinn is seen making out with Finn on her bed. She tells Finn that he should have been her "first", instead of Puck, and that she belongs with him. They are revealed to be secretly dating. (Sexy)
Quinn wants to bring their relationship out in public for Prom King and Queen votes. He is initially hesitant, but then later agrees. They hold hands during Candles (after Quinn catches Finn and Rachel staring at each other longingly), and are seen publicly dating from then on. Quinn and Rachel have a talk with each-other about Finn and Quinn tries to tell her to let him finally go. She also mentions she wants to spend her future time with him. (Original Song)
Quinn and Finn are appointed to follow Mercedes' every demand, much to Rachel's chagrin. During Mercedes performance of Ain't No Way, they are sitting together in the auditorium. (A Night of Neglect)
First they get into a discussion because of Rachel's planned nose job. Later it is revealed Quinn was once overweight, had naturally darker hair and that she had gotten a nose job after transferring from her previous school. Finn comes up to Quinn after finding this out and shows her the picture of how she used to be, kept in his wallet in place of one of her "better pictures", saying that it is his favorite of her because it is the first time he can actually see her. They share a kiss after this moment and seem to be going strong. During the Warblers' performance of Somewhere Only We Know, they are seen embracing and look as if they are happy in their relationship. After Finn's rendition, I've Gotta Be Me, they are also seen kissing. (Born This Way)
Finn thinks that Quinn is cheating on him with Sam, and goes to investigate with Rachel. Which then makes Quinn think that Finn is cheating on her with Rachel. They talk and decide they both have to learn to trust each other. They sing I Don't Want to Know. (Rumours)
In Prom Queen, there are very few moments shared between Finn and Quinn. When Quinn walks downstairs, in her prom dress, Finn said to her that she was "the most beautiful girl he's ever seen" and they are about to kiss. They are seen together at Breadstix and are also seen slow dancing at Prom, before Finn is kicked out for starting a fight with Jesse over Rachel. Quinn playfully dances with him when Blaine dances and shows her interest in him throughout the whole episode. (Prom Queen)
When Finn suggest singing Faithfully for Regionals, Quinn isn't keen on this idea. After the funeral, when Quinn gets into Finn's car, she asks him why he's crying. He tells her how he has still feelings for Rachel. Quinn decides it doesn't matter and they're staying together. Finn asks her enraged if she feels anything anymore. Quinn begins crying trough those words asking if this is enough feeling for him and gets out of the car. This means they broke up. (Funeral)
Quinn shows that she still has feelings for Finn by saying that she doesn't want to get over the fact that he broke up with her. She also seems to watch Rachel and Finn interact during the episode. At the end of the episode, Finn and Rachel are seen walking into Glee Club together, and when Quinn sees Finn she starts to joke around and says: "Come on, you're late!". (New York)
Finn and Quinn sang a line during the mash-off performance I Can't Go For That/You Make My Dreams. (Mash Off)
Finn puts his arm around Quinn after Man in the Mirror. (Hold on to Sixteen)
Finn and Quinn were seen dancing together during We Found Love. (Yes/No)
Quinn says to Rachel that she has to break up with Finn to have a happy ending. Then, she sings Never Can Say Goodbye to him (also to Puck and Sam). During the performance, Quinn is in the auditorium, hallucinating that Puck, Finn and Sam dance with her. In the choir room, as she performs, Finn, Puck and Sam happily watch her perform. At the end of her Michael solo, Finn compliments her on the good job and she reveals that she's got into Yale. Later, Finn and everyone else, except for Rachel, congratulate and hug Quinn. (Michael)
Quinn smiles at Finn and sits between him and Joe in glee club. (Dance with Somebody)Finn and Quinn run for prom king and queen because Finn wanted Quinn to have something to look forward to since she's been in a wheelchair but this is something that Rachel is not happy with. At prom, Finn is furious when he walks in on Quinn standing and states that she used her being in a wheelchair as an excuse to use him and get more votes for prom queen. Despite this, Quinn begs Finn, which he does but he eventually grows tired of Quinn's act and yells at her to stand up. This results in Finn almost getting thrown out of prom again but he storms out. Quinn later wins the title of prom queen but feels no different so she and Santana decide to make Rachel the prom queen instead. (Prom-asaurus)
Quinn hugs Finn when he joins her onstage in Homeward Bound/Home. Also at Breadstix, Quinn tells Finn that she is sorry about what happened between him and Rachel, but he smiles at her, telling her it was for the best. Quinn then agrees to help him prepare the New Directions for Sectionals. (Thanksgiving)
Although there are no scenes with these two characters, several things are implied throughout the episode. In Artie's dream, he had the ability to walk and therefore resulted in no glee club. Knowing this, it is implied that Quinn and Finn went further in their relationship since Rachel didn't get involved. This also implies that Finn would most likely be under the impression that he is the father of Beth, since nobody was willing to tell him. Later in the dream, Rory (as his guardian angel) shows him a wheelchair that Quinn was in since she gets texts and drive in every timeline. Rory tells him that she never got the encouragement from the club to recover and she died of a broken-heart, and that like her body, her spirit never recovered. This implies that somewhere along the road, the two would have broken up, as Finn did not help Quinn get through this difficult time. (Glee, Actually)
Although they don't interact with each other, when Finn tells Rachel about how he kissed Miss Pillsbury, Rachel assures Finn and tells him it's okay because when he found out about Puck and Quinn's relationship, he kicked a garbage can. (I Do)
Their relationship is briefly mentioned, when Sue says that she "erected the memorial tree in the exact spot she caught Quinn and Finn making out". Later, Mercedes mentions their relationship again, when she remembers when Finn sung I'll Stand By You to the sonogram, for "their baby". (The Quarterback)
During the scene in the locker room, while looking at Finn's framed shirt, Puck asks Quinn if she believes that Finn had ever forgiven them. Quinn says that the he had forgiven them long time ago and that they had saved him because Rachel had been Finn's soulmate. (100)
Quinn briefly mentions Finn, when Brittany, Santana and Tina talk about their lies to Becky, retelling how she lied that he was the father of her child, when Becky lies to her boyfriend. (Jagged Little Tapestry)
- Duets
- Related Songs
- You Keep Me Hangin' On byThe Supremes. (Throwdown)
- (You're) Having My Baby by Paul Anka and Odia Coates. (Ballad)
- Duets
- Sang Together (In a Group Number)
Solos with
|One of Us
|Grilled Cheesus
|Kurt, Mercedes, Rachel, and Tina
|Time Warp
|The Rocky Horror Glee Show
|Artie, Brittany, Kurt, Mercedes, Santana (album), and Tina
|Marry You
|Artie, Brittany, Mike, Rachel, Sam, and Tina
|Don't Stop
|Rachel and Sam
- Related Songs
- Firework by Katy Perry. (Silly Love Songs)
- Get It Right by Glee. (Original Song)
- I Feel Pretty/Unpretty by West Side Story/TLC. (Born This Way)
- Go Your Own Way by Fleetwood Mac. (Rumours)
- Sang Together (In a Group Number)
Solos with
|I Can't Go For That/You Make My Dreams
|Mash Off
|Rory and Tina
|We Are Young
|Hold on to Sixteen
|Mercedes, Rachel, Sam, and Santana
|We Are The Champions
|Kurt, Puck, Rachel, and Santana
- Back-up
|Season Three
|Sung by
|Back-up with
|Red Solo Cup
|Hold on to Sixteen
|Mike, Puck, and Tina
- Related Songs
- Never Can Say Goodbye by The Jackson 5. (Michael)
- Both are at the height of popularity at the start of the series, though at times, they are also at the lowest.
- In Born This Way, as the Warblers sing Somewhere Only We Know, it looks like Quinn is wearing Finn's jacket.
- Both have been slapped by Santana. (Quinn in Audition and Thanksgiving, Finn in Mash Off)
- They are the first student couple to be introduced on Glee.
- They've only had one duet that was released. (I Don't Want to Know)
- When they kiss in Silly Love Songs, Finn claims to Rachel that he saw fireworks when he kissed Quinn.
- They have run for Prom King and Prom Queen together twice.
- Both times when they have broken up Rachel has had something to do with it. In Sectionals, Rachel tells Finn that Quinn's baby is Puck's, and in Funeral, Finn still has feelings for Rachel.
- They would have been Prom King and Prom Queen at Senior Prom, if not for Quinn rigging the votes and making Rachel win.
- Both have slept with Santana. Finn in The Power of Madonna and Quinn in I Do.


text: Art & culture The programme 'Art and Culture' is aimed at bringing Tibet's ancient wisdom and artistic heritage to the West and supporting the preservation and continuity of Tibetan culture amongst Tibetan communities. Working towards creating a greater awareness of Buddhism and Tibetan culture, and conveying our patron's message of peace, the Foundation organises varied and comprehensive programmes of Tibetan cultural events in the UK. Amongst the Tibetan communities, the Foundation supports projects aimed at keeping the culture alive – helping institutes of performing arts, encouraging young artistes to sustain and develop their traditional culture, and organising Tibetan cultural tours and exhibitions internationally. In the past two decades, Tibet Foundation has invited many highly recognized spiritual leaders and scholars including HH the Dalai Lama, HH Sakya Trizin and HH Penor Rinpoche. The Foundation has also organised exhibitions of Tibetan arts and artifacts, and arranged performances of Tibetan dance and music by accomplished artistes from India, Tibet, China and Mongolia. Visits and medical consultations by Tibetan doctors for the benefit of patients in the West are an ongoing feature of the Foundation's programme. To generate interest in Tibetan culture, the Foundation has recorded and published CDs and DVDs of Tibetan songs and music, also films that highlight the diverse aspects of our charitable work in India, Tibet and Mongolia. As part of creating a greater awareness of Tibetan culture and promoting HH the Dalai Lama's message of peace, the Foundation commissioned the Tibetan Peace Garden next to the Imperial War Museum in London, with a very elaborate artistic design of a Kalachakra Mandala as the centrepiece in a modern setting of western sculpture. It has now become a popular Tibetan landmark in the heart of London.


text:
I have slowly but surely been increasing test coverage of src/extend_vtable.c, which when I started my grant was at 5% and is now sitting at 43%. I estimated that it would take about two weeks to get it to 50% and then another two weeks to get to 95%, but this was a bit optimistic. When I look back, giving myself a month for each would have been appropriate.
I do believe that my development velocity has increased recently, because I wrote a convenience funciton called extend_vtable_output_is(), which greatly reduces the number of lines of code that each extend_vtable test requires. The function is basically a wrapper around already existing functions that automates the process of compiling C source code use the Parrot C API, but it removes the need for roughly 40 lines of boilerplate stuff, such as including the proper header files, defining convenience functions that do basic error checking and data structure creation.
The whole reason this subsystem is undertested is because no function like extend_vtable_output_is() existed. Now each of my extend_vtable tests is around 10 lines, instead of 50. I've only had the new function for about half the time of the grant, so tests are now getting written much faster.
I have added about 700 lines of lines of tests since this grant started (using the spiffy new extend_vtable_output_is() function), and that has caused a 38% increase in test coverage. With the power of mathematics, we can figure out that (.38)*N = 700, which means N = 700/.38 = ~1842, where N is the number of lines of tests needed to cover 100% of the file (roughly).
My new estimate for getting to 95% coverage of extend_vtable is one month from now, Feb 24th, and then another two months for the rest of the grant.
The reason I say two months is that I am actually trying to hit a moving target, and the code coverage of extend.c and embed.c have actually *gone down* since I started the grant. Currently extend.c is about 6% lower and embed.c is about 14% lower. This means my grant is actually getting harder to complete.
I also learned about a very useful yet undocument environment variable called POSTMORTEM which makes Parrot test functions leave various intermediate files around for debugging purposes if it is set to true, which greatly helps in developing these tests. I plan to add documentation about this to the Parrot developer documentation.
Given the new test function and the new coverage numbers, I estimate that I will be able to complete this grant by late April 2011.


text:
Narrow Results
To support the 2018 International Conference of Indigenous Archives, Libraries and Museums, including a scholarship program for 50 participants from MN, ND, SD and the 23 Native nations that share the geography
Supporting the development and implementation of a web portal to track philanthropic funding for Native Americans
This support is for at least nine arts and culture changemakers from North Dakota, South Dakota and the 23 Native nations in the Bush Foundation region to attend Salzburg Global Seminar's Young Cultural Innovators program
General operating support for the Aspen Institute Center for Native American Youth
Creation of a tribal administration handbook and journal articles on subjects that will support tribal management capabilities
Filter by Year ranges from 2015 to 2019
Think bigger. Think differently.
© 2019 Bush Foundation


text:
It is not uncommon for college students to dread group projects. Why? Within their first year, students discover that half of the battle in any group project is finding ways to communicate and collaborate. Sometimes in-person collaboration is not an option, so students turn to technology–usually combinations of phone, email, Google Apps, Skype, and various other tools. Although these are all tried and true methods of communication, it may get difficult to keep track of things when using so many different programs.
We have recently come across two (completely free!) tools made specifically for group projects that are worth taking a look at. These tools manage to put most, if not all, of the aspects of group projects into one convenient place:
Wiggio is a very straightforward group tool that allows group members to post comments, links, messages, to-do lists and polls. Every time something new is posted, it shows up on your feed. There is even a built-in calendar to mark important due dates. The site is a great place to compile information and divide up tasks for the members of the group. The layout is so simple and easy to use–a great feature if you don't have the time to get too acquainted with a new tool. Wiggio even lets you test drive the site without the commitment of registering. Take a look for yourself!
Enter the Group
Enter the Group is a collaborative group management tool that is a bit more in-depth than Wiggio. However, the functions are still similar: chat, messaging, file sharing, calendars, etc. The main distinct feature of Enter the Group is the virtual classrooms, which can be used in place of or in addition to the physical classroom. Once the user registers, they can create new project pages or join already existing ones. The pages are similar to a Facebook profile (see below) and all group members can contribute to them.
Although these tools may work well in a student group project setting, they should not be restricted to them. Faculty may also find some of these tools useful in expanding communication outside of the classroom. The more organized a group project is, the better the final project will be.


text:
Heinrich Martin Georg Friedrich Weber
Born: 5 March 1842 in Heidelberg, Germany
Died: 17 May 1913 in Strasbourg, Germany (now France)
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Heinrich Weber was born in Heidelberg, the son of Georg Weber (1808-1888) who was an historian, author of History of the World, and principal of a high school. Georg Weber had been born in the Rhine Palatinate town of Bergzabern, which was at this time under French rule, and studied at Speyer and the University of Erlangen before being awarded a doctorate from the University of Heidelberg in 1832 for his dissertation De Gytheo et rebus navalibus Lacedaemoniorum Ⓣ. He married Ida Helene Marie Wilhelmine Becher (died 1887) in 1839 and Heinrich was their eldest son. Heinrich's love of mathematics began while he was at the Lyceum in Heidelberg. There he was taught by Arthur Arneth (1802-1858) who was professor of mathematics and physics at the Lyceum and also a privatdozent at the University of Heidelberg. Arneth wrote the important book History of Pure Mathematics in its Relation to the History of the Development of the Human Mind (1852). The Weber family were very involved in education and they strongly encouraged Heinrich to think in terms of an academic career from a young age. The influence of Weber's family was particularly strong since he lived at home throughout his school and university studies in Heidelberg.
After graduating from the Lyceum, Weber entered the University of Heidelberg in 1860 to study mathematics and physics. At this time Heidelberg had some outstanding physicists and mathematicians on the staff who gave courses that Weber attended. These included Gustav Kirchhoff (appointed to Heidelberg in 1854), Robert Bunsen (appointed to Heidelberg in 1852), Hermann von Helmholtz (appointed to Heidelberg in 1858), Otto Hesse (appointed to Heidelberg in 1856), and Moritz Cantor (appointed to Heidelberg in 1853). As was the common practice of German students at this time, Weber spent part of his time studying at a different university. He chose the University of Leipzig in the middle of his studies, spending a semester there in 1862 before returning to Heidelberg to complete his education. He was awarded a doctorate from the University of Heidelberg on 19 February 1863 having been advised by Otto Hesse. He was not required to write a thesis.
In order to become a university teacher, Weber needed to write a further thesis, his habilitation thesis. He went to Königsberg where he studied under Franz Neumann and Friedrich Julius Richelot, who had been a student of Jacobi. Although Jacobi had died over ten years before Weber began his studies at Königsberg, his influence was still strongly felt and it would not be unreasonable to say that Weber, through his teachers at Königsberg, was strongly influenced by Jacobi's style of mathematics. In [15] Peter Roquette examines why Weber went to Königsberg for his postgraduate study and notes that three of his teachers at Heidelberg, Hesse, Kirchhoff and Helmholtz, came from Königsberg:-
... academic life in Heidelberg around 1863, as far as mathematics and the neighbouring sciences were concerned, was flourishing, and that it was largely dominated by people who came from Königsberg. They knew the stimulating and challenging atmosphere which Königsberg offered to young mathematicians at that time. So it seems natural that young Weber, when he asked his academic teachers where he should go for his postdoctoral studies, was advised to move to Königsberg.There were other students at Königsberg at this time who would become important in the development of mathematics, in particular Albert Wangerin, who studied for his doctorate around the same time as Weber worked for his habilitation, and former students such as Albert Clebsch whose influence was still being felt. In fact Weber mentions the names of nine of his fellow students at Königsberg who went on to high profile careers as scientists.
On 11 August 1866 Weber's habilitation thesis Singuläre Auflösungen partieller Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung Ⓣ was accepted and he became a privatdozent at Heidelberg in that year. His habilitation thesis was published in Volume 66 of Crelle's journal. Three years later, on 20 July 1869, he was appointed as extraordinary professor at Heidelberg but later in the same year he accepted an appointment as a full professor at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule in Zürich. He married Emilie Dittenberger in 1870 in Zürich. Emilie was the daughter of a chaplain to the Weimar court. Heinrich and Emilie Weber had seven children, three of whom died young. A daughter, Emilie Weber, gained fame as the translator from French into German of Henri Poincaré's philosophical writings. Her translations were published in 1906 and she died in 1911. A son, Rudolph Heinrich Georg Weber, born 16 August 1874 in Zürich, went on to study mathematics and physics. Rudolph was appointed to the University of Heidelberg in 1902 but spent most of his career as professor of mathematical physics at the University of Rostock. Rudolph sometimes collaborated with his father and we mention in particular a joint publication on Gauss's work on fluids. Over the next twenty-five years, Heinrich Weber taught at a surprising number of different institutions. As well as teaching in Zürich at the Eidgenössische Polytechnikum, he also taught at the University of Königsberg from 1875 to 1883 having been appointed as Richelot's successor - Richelot, born in 1808, died in 1875.
Together with Richard Dedekind, Weber had been editing Riemann's Collected works and this important book was published in 1876. However, one of the most significant things to happen during his time teaching at Königsberg was in 1880 when two young students, David Hilbert and Hermann Minkowski, enrolled there. At this time Weber was lecturing on number theory, also gave a course on elliptic functions, and ran a seminar on the theory of invariants. All of these courses were attended by the young Hilbert (and probably also by Minkowski). The lecture notes from one of these courses has been preserved, the course on number theory, and Roquette gives an indication of the contents in [15]:-
Weber's course started from the very beginning of number theory, working through congruence calculus, continued fractions, towards quadratic reciprocity. After that, binary quadratic forms are discussed, their classes, their composition, and the analytic class number formulas. Also, the existence of primes in arithmetic progressions, using L-series, is included. In this last part the reader gets the impression that things went quite fast but the proofs are recorded in detail. We conclude that much of the concept of the lecture was based on Gauss's 'Disquisitiones' and Dirichlet's papers. In addition Weber was quite explicit in making use of modern notions, for instance the abstract notion of a group is to be found, as well as what we now call the "main theorem on finite abelian groups", i.e., decomposition of finite abelian groups into cyclic factors (in the context of description of characters).After leaving Königsberg in 1883, Weber was appointed to the Technische Hochschule in Charlottenburg where he spent only one year before he moved again to the Philipps University of Marburg where he was rector of the university during session 1890-91. His next move, in 1892, was to the Georg-August University of Göttingen where he spent three years. His successor at Göttingen was Hilbert. While at Göttingen he published Die allgemeinen Grundlagen der Galois'schen Gleichungstheorie which is the first paper to contain a discussion of an abstract group, either finite or infinite. Weber's final post was to Strasbourg where he was appointed in 1895. It is reasonable to consider why Weber left Göttingen, perhaps the leading mathematical centre in the world at this time, to move to Strasbourg.
Germany had captured Strasbourg after a 50-day siege during the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71 and annexed the city. After taking control of Alsace-Lorraine, the Germans had reorganised the University of Strasbourg and reopened it as the German Kaiser-Wilhelm University of Strasbourg in 1872. Two mathematics chairs were founded at this time, the first in Mathematics which was filled by Elwin Christoffel and the second in Geometry and Mechanics which was filled by Theodor Reye. Both Christoffel and Reye considered it their patriotic duty to assist in making the University of Strasbourg a German university. Christoffel had been forced to stop teaching in 1892 due to health problems and in 1894 retired leaving the chair vacant. However, Weber did not move to Strasbourg for mathematical reasons, but rather for personal ones. Strasbourg was quite close to Weber's native city of Heidelberg, and one of Weber's daughters, Lina Weber-Holtzmann, had married Heinrich Holtzmann, the professor of theology at Strasbourg, and was living there. Another reason was that his salary was higher in Strasbourg than Göttingen, at least in part because taxes in Alsace were significantly less than those in Prussia. Once he had arrived in Strasbourg he had as colleagues Theodor Reye and the extraordinary professor Adolph Krazer (1858-1926), a student of Friedrich Emil Prym (1841-1919).
Again Weber served as rector of the university in which he was working, taking on this role at Strasbourg during session 1900-01. Note that Weber served as rector three times during his career at three different universities. Weber remained in Strasbourg for the rest of his life and during this time it remained a German city; only at the end of the World War I in 1918 did the city revert to France. Of course, the reader of this biography will have noted the large number of different universities at which Weber worked. In fact he holds the record for the largest number of different university posts by any 19th century German mathematician.
Weber's main work was in algebra, number theory, analysis and applications of analysis to mathematical physics. This seems a contradiction in terms, for we have now almost said that Weber's main work spans the whole spectrum of mathematics. In fact this is not far from the truth for Weber's work was characterised by its breadth across a wide range of topics. To a certain extent this breadth can be attributed to the various influences on Weber from colleagues around him. The applications to mathematical physics certainly grew from working with Franz Neumann in Königsberg. But in Königsberg there was also the Jacobi influence, particularly coming through one of his other teachers Friedrich Richelot, which saw Weber doing important work on algebraic functions.
Perhaps Weber is today remembered for his outstanding text Lehrbuch der Algebra Ⓣ published in 1895 and it is for his work in algebra and number theory that he is best known. If he was influenced by his colleagues to work in different areas of mathematics then it is a very fair question to ask where the influence came from which prompted Weber to work on algebra and number theory. The answer must be Dedekind. He wrote an important paper with Dedekind, Theorie der algebraischen Funktionen einer Veränderlichen Ⓣ, published in 1882 in Crelle's journal, in which they examined algebraic functions from an algebraic rather than analytic point of view. In this paper [16]:-
... the notion of point on an abstract algebraic curve is defined for the first time in history, thus taking a decisive step towards the creation of modern algebraic geometry.The third volume of Lehrbuch der Algebra Ⓣ, published in 1903, was dedicated by Weber to Dedekind, Hilbert and Minkowski:-
... the three men to whom I feel closest in scientific respect.Weber's Lehrbuch der Algebra Ⓣ is an outstanding work but, although he tried hard to connect the various algebraic theories, even fundamental concepts such as a field and a group are only seen as tools and not properly developed as theories in their own right. It was, however, a remarkable book which was effective over many years as a teaching tool. James Pierpont writes in a review [13]:-
A classic from the day of its publication, it is destined to a long and useful career, a monument of honour to its genial author.G A Miller wrote in 1913 [11]:-
Among the advanced text-books on algebra there is probably none which is more favourably known than Weber's "Lehrbuch der Algebra" in three large volumes.For longer extracts from these reviews THIS LINK.
Norbert Schappacher writes 100 years after the book was published:-
[T]his work marks the transition from the late 19th century treatment of algebra to the "modern algebra" whose first full-fledged textbook treatment was going to be van der Waerden's well-known treatise of 1930-31. The third volume would not be called algebra today. It ... contains a classical treatment of elliptic functions, especially their arithmetic theory, along with parts of algebraic number theory and class field theory, as well as a small chapter on differentials of curves in the higher rank case including Riemann-Roch.This third volume of Lehrbuch der Algebra Ⓣ was built on three papers he had written on class field theory entitled Über Zahlengruppen in algebraischen Zahlkörpern Ⓣ (1897-98). In these [16]:-
... he emphasized the decomposition behaviour, as opposed to Hilbert's chief interest in the unramifiedness of the (Hilbert) class field.Among other books by Weber we mention Die Partiellen Differentialgleichungen der Mathematischen Physik Ⓣ and (with Josef Wellstein) Encyklopädie der Elementar-Mathematik Ⓣ.
Again extracts from reviews of these books are given at THIS LINK
Bruno Schoeneberg, in [1], comments on Weber as a teacher:-
Weber was an enthusiastic and inspiring teacher who took great interest in educational questions.Voss writes of Weber's character in [21]:-
On closer contact he opened up without reservation to his friends whom he found through scientific cooperation and common interests.Towards the end of Weber's life a number of tragedies affected him deeply. His wife Emilie died in 1901 and one of his daughters then looked after the household. However, this daughter died in 1909.
Weber received many honours including the publication of a Festschrift compiled by his friends and colleagues to celebrate his 70th birthday on 5 March 1912. He received an honorary doctorate from the University of Kristiana in 1902 at the time of Abel's centenary celebrations. He received an honorary doctorate from the University of Heidelberg in 1912. He was elected to the Göttingen Academy of Sciences (1875), the Berlin Academy of Science (1896), the Munich Academy of Sciences (1903), the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Uppsala Academy of Sciences, and the Accademia dei Lincei. He was elected president of the German Mathematical Society twice, in 1895 and again in 1904. He was also President of the International Congress of Mathematicians held in Heidelberg in 1904. From 1893 he served as an editor of the Mathematische Annalen.
Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Click on this link to see a list of the Glossary entries for this page
List of References (23 books/articles)
Mathematicians born in the same country
Additional Material in MacTutor
- Reviews of Heinrich Weber's books
Cross-references in MacTutor
- History Topics: The development of group theory
- History Topics: The abstract group concept
- History Topics: The development of Ring Theory
- Chronology: 1890 to 1900
- German Mathematical Society
- Göttingen Mathematical Society
- Scientific Research Society of Zurich
- 1897 ICM - Zurich
- 1904 ICM - Heidelberg
- 1932 ICM - Zurich
Other Web sites
- Dictionary of Scientific Biography
- University of Heidelberg (In German)
- Mathematical Genealogy Project
- zbMATH entry
- ERAM Jahrbuch entry


text:
17 January 2013 | News | By BioSpectrum Bureau
South Korea-based Shin Poong Pharma and France-based LFB enter joint venture (JV)
Singapore: South Korean drugmaker, Shin Poong Pharmaceutical, and France's Laboratoire francais du Fractionnement et des Biotechnologies (LFB) signed a term sheet for setting up a joint venture (JV) for manufacturing and supply of biotech-based medicinal products.
Both the firms will aim to sign a definitive agreement during the first half of 2013 and establish a manufacturing plant in South Korea. While Shin Poong will have a 55 percent stake in the JV, LFB will have 45 percent stake. The JV will be governed by joint board members and a management committee.
According to the term sheet, the JV will initially focus on manufacturing and supplying the finished products of ATryn and FVIIa. Atryn, which is a recombinant form of human antithrombin used to prevent thromboembolic events in hereditary antithrombin deficient patients, received US FDA and European Medicines Agency (EMA) approvals. FVIIa is a recombinant form of human factor VIIa to treat hemophilia patients and is currently under clinical development.
Chief executive of Shin Poong, Won June Chang, said that, "We are delighted to work with LFB as this collaboration will be a significant step for us to expand into the global biopharmaceutical industry and serve as an important growth engine for Shin Poong."
Mr Christian Bechon, CEO, LFB, added that, "This collaboration with Shin Poong is a very promising opportunity to complement our existing bioproduction capabilities of Charlton, US; and Ales, Les Ulis and Lille in France, as well as our agreements with Sanofi within Biolaunch."


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by Katie
Alice in Wonderland Family Costume Photo 5 of 7
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This homemade costume for families entered our 2012 Halloween Costume Contest.
A word from Donna, the 'Alice in Wonderland' costume creator:
Halloween is by far our favorite holiday! It's always so exciting to see what the theme will be next year! I make all of the costumes for my kids and grandchildren... its a lot of... Read more »
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These forests are found between 32 degrees north and 38 degrees south of the equator, in sheltered, inter-tidal areas that receive a high annual rainfall.
The most extensive area of mangroves is found in Asia, followed by Africa and South America. According to the FAO, the total mangrove area is around 150,000 km2. Four countries (Indonesia, Brazil, Nigeria, and Australia) account for about 41% percent of all mangroves.
Although a wide variety of plant species are found in mangrove forests, only some 54 species belonging to 16 families are recognized as "true mangroves" - species which are rarely found outside mangrove habitats.
Mangrove trees have various adaptations that allow them to live in saline, tidal areas. Their dense root systems give support in the soft, water-logged sediment. In most species, the roots protrude above the soil to absorb oxygen from the air, as the sediment is oxygen-poor.
In addition, the trees either actively exclude salt when they take up seawater through their roots, or else excrete the salt from their leaves, roots, or branches. Most mangrove species also have special adaptations for reproduction, including viviparity where seed germination begins on the tree itself.


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ROCHESTER — This is a Thanksgiving story.
It's about amazing people. And how they have helped us – the Monarch School of New England – build our dream playground.
In case you don't know, the Monarch School of New England is a day school for students with significant disabilities; we are based in Rochester and in Gonic. We serve students from the ages of 5 to 21 and have been around since the late 1960s.
Our school began as a day care center. Parents of children with disabilities had no place to take their children so as they gathered, they talked about a place that might best fit their needs. With Carrie Foss taking the lead, the Monarch School of New England took root. It grew from a day care center to a school accredited by the New Hampshire Department of Education.
And with the school, came its first playground, again, way back in the early 70s.
In 2009, things began to change. Here at the school, we began to talk about a new playground. We asked staff what they would like to see; we asked students for ideas about things they'd like to climb up and run around on. Maps were drawn and revised. Drawn and revised. Drawn and revised.
Finally, we agreed upon a plan. And a drawing we liked. We were ready. Now all we needed was the people to help us do the work.
And along came the United Way of the Greater Seacoast's Day of Caring. Each year – in 2010, 2011 and 2012 – volunteers from Public Service of New Hampshire, Unitil, Lonza and the Air National Guard spent their time clearing our land, fixing our nature trail and in general, making the outside of our school look as great as the work being done on the inside.
But there's more.
This fall, Timberland chose our school as a site for its Serv-a-palooza. So on Sept. 20, over 75 people from Timberland and the Newmarket Girls' Soccer Team, spent the full day building a 36-foot long ADA compliant footbridge to the space that would support our playground.
These folks did a great deal of other work too, including putting together the beginning of structures that would form our playground. Beautiful things, such as an arch that welcomes you once you cross the bridge…
Which in turn, led to more work being done by more great people. So on Friday and Saturday, Nov. 2 and 3, folks from Heinemann, Timberland, Rochester Rotary, private contractors, Salmon Falls Church, Grace Church, the Mountain Movers and Monarch board members and staff came together for a playground build.
One of the volunteers mentioned it was like a barn raising party where people of different skills and talents (some with more, most with less) come together to make something happen. Which in this case, was a playground.
Diane Bessey, executive director at the school watched in amazement, as pieces of wood hammered together appeared as playground structures.
"I can't believe this is happening. We've thought about this for so long and now it's real. We're so lucky to have these great people helping us," she said.
At the end of it all, we think we might still need one more day of building that will happen in the spring. And at the end of it, you can bet that each of us will be trying out the slide, the music wall and the octagon tower – just because we can.
Besides which, we will need to be sure it all works before our students try it out.
So with great gratitude, we want to tell all of you who have helped us, that we could never have done this without you. You have been fabulous to us and we really, really appreciate it. Our school is that much better because of what you have brought to us.
And for this, we thank you.
Happy Thanksgiving, from the Monarch School of New England.
A playground full of thanks for Thanksgiving
ROCHESTER — This is a Thanksgiving story.


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Boondi Ladoo
To make - 14-15 ladoo Ingredients To make batter for boondi Besan - 2 cups Water - 1 cup (adjust as required) Pinch...
- Add sugar, cloves and water in a sauce pan. Let it boil on medium heat. Syrup is done when it reaches to single thread consistency or 220 degrees on the candy thermometer.
- Take besan, yellow food color in a mixing bowl. Add little water at a time and mix well. Pour some batter on ladle with round holes. If the batter drops fall right away, then the consistency is right. Otherwise add some more water and check again. Meanwhile heat oil in a pan for frying the boondi.
- When syrup is about to done, start making the boondi. Keep the ladle above the frying pan and pour batter on it. Tap it gently, so that drops of batter falls into oil. Fry boondi till slight golden color. It will take around 2 minutes. Remove all boondi from oil and put directly into a sugar syrup. Follow the same procedure till you are out of batter. Once the boondi absorbs sugar syrup and turns little warm, add cardamom powder and cashews. Take out the cloves which we added while making syrup. Make medium sized ladoo from boondi mixture. Let them cool down completely. Store them in a air tight container.


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Parody Painting of Putin in Women's Underwear Seized in Russian Raid
A painting depicting politicians Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev in women's underwear was one of the items Russian authorities confiscated Monday upon raiding a newly-opened St. Petersburg art gallery that had shown solidarity with Russia's gay-rights movement.
The off-beat gallery, known as the Museum of Authority, opened on August 15 with an inaugural exhibit called "The Rulers" that featured paintings by artist Konstantin Altunin of public figures such as President Barack Obama, former Libyan leader Moammar Gadhafi and Mr. Putin.
The idea of the museum had been to put on exhibits relating to various authorities, said founder Alexander Donskoi.
Much of the inaugural exhibit was raunchy or politically-charged. One painting depicted St. Petersburg politician Vitaly Milonov – who spearheaded a local "gay propaganda" law that became inspiration for similar national legislation – against a rainbow background. The law bans people from expressing support for "non-traditional" lifestyles in front of minors. A national version of it was signed into law in June.


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Please Note: The application deadline for this scholarship passed at 11:59 PM EDT on July 31, 2015. We are no longer accepting applications for the Flavor of the Month Scholarship 2015.
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TALLAHASSEE, Fla. – (Seminoles.com) – Fresh off a pair of wins in the AVCA Showcase, the eighth-ranked Florida State (2-0) indoor volleyball team returns to Tully Gym to host its rival, 11th-ranked Florida (3-0) on Thursday at 6 p.m. in the Sunshine Showdown.
"I expect this match to be competitive," FSU head coach Chris Poole said. "We've built the program that way. We have a lot of respect for each other and anytime we've played it's been a good match that was played at a very high level."
This is the first regular season where Florida State is ranked higher in the AVCA Coaches Poll than Florida. The Gators own the series lead 36-23, but the Seminoles have won two out of the last three meetings.
The Seminoles are coming off a pair of wins, first defeating (then No. 7) Nebraska, 3-1 in Lincoln in front of a crowd of 8,854 on Aug. 29 in the Devaney Center before handling Iowa State, 3-0 on Aug. 31.
"We kept coming back in that match (against Nebraska)," Poole said. "We never panicked. That's unusual at the beginning of the season, we couldn't have scripted it any better."
Florida started off its season with a pair of 3-0 victories over Idaho and Georgia Southern before outlasting Oklahoma, 3-2.
"We have to look past those last two matches," senior setter Sarah Wickstrom said. "We have to prepare for Florida. They're a great team and all the pressure is on us now and in the past it's been reversed. We have to make sure we're prepared and practice well so we can take it to them on Thursday."
The match also pits two of the active winningest coaches in NCAA Division I volleyball history against one another. Florida Head Coach Mary Wise ranks third on the list with 798 victories, while Poole is 10th at 708.
Poole and Wise have faced each other as head coaches since 1994 when Poole was at the helm at Arkansas. Wise has put up a 28-4 record against Poole during the stretch.
Thursday's contest will be broadcasted on ESPN3 and livestats will be available.
For more information on FSU volleyball visit, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.


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Hope you are having a wonderful weekend!
vic , trying to get in touch with you. Are you ok? Let me know.
keeping on
hello, I am C45 as well. I hope we can keep each other up on news relevant to our level of injury
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ok, so I'm realllyyyyy stuck at the moment. I started coding something, but I've realised that I've done it all wrong and now I literally have no idea where to start.
I'm not asking anyone to write a program for me, etc. But I do need someone to kick start me and give me some sort of idea on where to even begin.
Here's the website for the actual assignment: Java Programming (CITS1200)
Here's what *little* code I have (Some of it not even related to how the assignment is supposed to be done (Mainly supplying it so that if anyone does decide to help, they may be able to use what I have there and give me some sort of idea what my constructor should look like or something?):
I'm even having trouble understanding what exactly the assignment means, in particular the constructor and the moveTile method.public class FifteenPuzzle { //Instance Variables public SimpleCanvas sc; public int x; public int y; public int[][] initialGrid; //Constructor public FifteenPuzzle(int[][] initialGrid){ sc = new SimpleCanvas (); //Colour java.awt.Color tBlue = new java.awt.Color(0,0,255); sc.setForegroundColour(tBlue); for (int i=0; i < 400;i++) sc.drawLine(0,i,400,i); // Lines java.awt.Color black = new java.awt.Color(0,0,0); sc.setForegroundColour(black); sc.drawLine(100,0,100,400); sc.drawLine(200,0,200,400); sc.drawLine(300,0,300,400); sc.drawLine(0,100,400,100); sc.drawLine(0,200,400,200); sc.drawLine(0,300,400,300); //Lines //Input java.awt.Color white = new java.awt.Color(255,255,255); sc.setForegroundColour(white); for (int j=0; j < x*100;j++) sc.drawLine(j,(y-1)*100,j,y*100); } //Methods public void moveTile (int x, int y){ } private void createTile (int x){ sc.drawLine(xPos,yPos,xPos+100,yPos); sc.drawLine(xPos+100,yPos,xPos+100,yPos+100); sc.drawLine(xPos+100,yPos+100,xPos,yPos+100); sc.drawLine(xPos,yPos+100,xPos,yPos); } //public int [][] getCurrentGrid(){ //} }
Any help is very much appreciated.
Need help ASAP. Been struggling with it for a few days now, and have only just realised how wrong I was and its due tomorrow (Yay for deadlines)
Regards, Tom.
P.S Heres the code for simpleCanvas if you need it:
/** * This is a stripped-down version of the Canvas class from the * BlueJ team, retaining only the most fundamental features. * * @author BlueJ team with modifications by Gordon Royle * @version July 2003 */ import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class SimpleCanvas { private JFrame frame; private CanvasPane canvas; private Graphics2D graphic; private Image canvasImage; private boolean autoRepaint; /** * Creates and displays a SimpleCanvas of the specified size * with a white background. The client specifies whether repainting * after a drawing command should be manual or automatic. * * @param title title for the window * @param width the desired width of the SimpleCanvas * @param height the desired height of the SimpleCanvas * @param autoRepaint true for automatic repainting * */ public SimpleCanvas(String title, int width, int height, boolean autoRepaint) { frame = new JFrame(); canvas = new CanvasPane(); frame.setContentPane(canvas); frame.setTitle(title); canvas.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(width,height)); frame.pack(); Dimension size = canvas.getSize(); canvasImage = canvas.createImage(size.width,size.height); graphic = (Graphics2D) canvasImage.getGraphics(); graphic.setColor(Color.white); graphic.fillRect(0,0,size.width,size.height); graphic.setColor(Color.black); frame.setVisible(true); frame.setVisible(true); // frame.show(); frame.setVisible(true); this.autoRepaint = autoRepaint; } /** * Creates and displays a SimpleCanvas with a white background and * with automatic repainting after drawing commands. * * @param title title for the window * @param width the desired width of the SimpleCanvas * @param height the desired height of the SimpleCanvas * */ public SimpleCanvas(String title, int width, int height) { this(title,width,height,true); } /** * Creates and displays a SimpleCanvas of size 400x400 with the * default title "SimpleCanvas" and with automatic repainting * enabled. * * @param title title for the window * @param width the desired width of the SimpleCanvas * @param height the desired height of the SimpleCanvas * */ public SimpleCanvas() { this("SimpleCanvas",400,400); } /** * Draws a line on the SimpleCanvas between two points. * * @param x1 x-coordinate of the first point * @param y1 y-coordinate of the first point * @param x2 x-coordinate of the second point * @param y2 y-coordinate of the second point * */ public void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2) { graphic.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2); if (autoRepaint) canvas.repaint(); } /** * Changes the colour for subsequent * drawing on this SimpleCanvas. * * @param newColour the new drawing colour * */ public void setForegroundColour(Color newColour) { graphic.setColor(newColour); } /** * Gets the colour currently used for * drawing on this SimpleCanvas. * */ public Color getForegroundColour() { return graphic.getColor(); } /** * Changes the font for subsequent String * drawing on this SimpleCanvas. * * @param newFont the new Font * */ public void setFont(Font newFont) { graphic.setFont(newFont); } /** * Gets the font currently used for * String drawing on this Canvas */ public Font getFont() { return graphic.getFont(); } /** * Draws the specified String at the specified * location on this SimpleCanvas */ public void drawString(String text, int x, int y) { graphic.drawString(text, x, y); if (autoRepaint) canvas.repaint(); } /** * Sets the repaint mode to either manual or automatic. * * @param autoRepaint automatic repainting if this is true * */ public void setAutoRepaint(boolean autoRepaint) { this.autoRepaint = autoRepaint; } /** * If this SimpleCanvas does not automatically repaint * after each drawing command, then this method can be * used to cause a manual repaint. */ public void repaint() { canvas.repaint(); } /** * Causes execution to pause for the specified amount of time. * This is usually used to produce animations in an easy * manner, by repeatedly drawing, pausing, and then redrawing * an object. */ public void wait(int millis) { try { Thread.sleep(millis); } catch (InterruptedException ie) { System.out.println("Interrruption in SimpleCanvas: "+ie); } } public void addMouseListener(MouseListener ml) { canvas.addMouseListener(ml); } class CanvasPane extends JPanel { public void paint(Graphics g) { g.drawImage(canvasImage,0,0,null); } } }


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The new 2009 Ferrari California's been spotted on its way out of what appears to have been a head-on crash test. But don't shed a tear over this brightly-blue-painted California. It's died so that the rest of the fleet of Californias may live.
Unfortunately, maybe we should still cry a tear because we already know they'll all more than likely end up living their miserable lives getting their passenger seats chewed up by the tiny dogs of their celebutard owners on the way to a Beverly Hills Botox parlor. Still, maybe we'll be seeing more crash pictures — from the Paparazzo — just as soon as the celebutards get their hands on 'em. [Autogespot via AutoBlog, CzechFerrari.cz]


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Stop asking members and guests how they want to look. We have limited control over that. Instead, ask them how they want to feel.
This starts on day one with a technique known as motivational interviewing (MI). MI is a technique used by counselors, social workers and other health care providers to elicit "change talk" in their clients. Change talk is about getting clients to identify behaviors they need and/or want to change, as well as assessing their readiness for change. The process has four steps, known as OARS: open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening and summaries.
For clients who come to us because they want to change, the size-four bikini body is likely the only way they know how to define their goal due to society's expectations. We need to find out if their goal is a memory or a dream for them and what feelings surround it. Do they want to feel beautiful, confident, sexy, strong? It's not just about the look. For clients who come to us because they need to change, we must practice tough love. Despite the need, the client may not want to change. But if we can discover how the client wants to feel, feelings will sell much better than facts.
One of the greatest lessons I learned while working on a political campaign is that it is much easier to change someone's acceptance of facts than it is to change their feelings about an issue they care about. Additionally, it is important to define yourself before someone else defines you. In today's world of mass media consumption, it is easy to put yourself in a perceived box. Personal trainers are educators. It has been said that you are only as good at teaching as that which is understood by the student. Take that further. You must be understood and felt by the student, touching head and heart. New science on macronutrients and cardio intervals is published daily. Feelings of happiness, confidence and significance are felt for a lifetime, and it is our job to capitalize on those feelings.
Your trainers need to do a better job of meeting clients where they need to be met. Too often, trainers ask if the goal is to lose fat, gain muscle or get stronger. Sometimes it is just about feeling better, sleeping better and keeping up with the kids. The greatest gift of personal training is changing lives. If someone wants to change how they look on the outside, they can grab a magazine, lift some weights, buy new clothes, put on makeup and do their hair. But if they want to change their lives, how they feel about themselves and the world, it takes a team. Changing how a client feels cannot be achieved by following a magazine workout or by fumbling through a circuit. Helping the client understand that on day one is the key to a successful and sustainable relationship.
Five Steps to Closing
Using the OARS method, as well as applications listed below, personal trainers need to move the conversations forward. The goal at the end of the first session is to achieve a commitment. Too often trainers get stuck in a lateral shuffle of questions around "How did you get to be 50 pounds overweight?" Although this information is important, trainers can move the conversation forward by asking, "What actions can you start to take today to feel happier and more confident?"
The following are five steps that will help your trainers close on feelings:
1. Assess critical thinking skills in employee interviews. The future of fitness professionals is much more than a certification or exercise science degree. The successful trainer is a leader who can influence change in clients' lives.
2. Stop role-playing PAR-Qs and sales presentations. The mediocre manager will make staff read through their questionnaires in pairs on a weekly basis, often because he or she doesn't know what else to do. The trainer may become so concerned about what question is next that he doesn't even hear the answer.
3. Spend 10 minutes asking nothing but open-ended questions, questions that do not end in a yes or no, with a partner or small group. Follow up each answer with an affirmation to be sure the answer is understood by all parties.
4. Talk less and listen more. Ask a question and then be quiet. Even when the client pauses, don't feel the need to fill in the silence. Let it be and just listen. Do this with a partner and don't speak for five minutes after you ask a question. Debrief how you both felt about the experience. Often, the speaker is relieved to have the uninterrupted time to speak his or her thoughts aloud.
5. Dig deeper three times before moving on to the next question. For example, if a client says he does not have time to exercise, your follow-up questions may go like this: "I understand you are busy, so what made this appointment important enough for you to come to?" Wait for client's response. "Great, what other steps can you take today to make more time for exercise?" Wait for client response. "How much time are you willing to dedicate each week to feeling healthier and more energetic?" By the end, you've achieved a commitment.
Christine Hannon, founder of The Art of Strength, is a fitness writer and trainer based in Columbus, OH. She has worked for several national gyms and now advises small fitness businesses in Columbus on program design and communications. Hannon leverages more than a decade of classical ballet with recent powerlifting competitions to encourage women (and their husbands) to lift heavy. Hannon brings to the fitness industry her experience from Army ROTC, living abroad and working on a U.S. Senate campaign. She uses this to not only train her clients, but create grassroots change and leadership for healthier corporations and communities. She puts innovation and customer experience at the forefront of her business. Hannon is a certified personal trainer through the National Academy of Sports Medicine and through Personal Training Academy Global. She can be reached at [email protected].