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The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is a federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability. Title I of the ADA makes it unlawful for any employer with 15 or more employees (including a state or local government employer) to discriminate against a qualified applicant or employee because of a disability in any aspect of employment. In addition to protecting qualified applicants and employees with disabilities from employment discrimination, one ADA provision the "association" provision -- protects applicants and employees from discrimination based on their relationship or association with an individual with a disability, whether or not the applicant or employee has a disability.[1]
The purpose of the association provision is to prevent employers from taking adverse actions based on unfounded stereotypes and assumptions about individuals who associate with people who have disabilities. Thus, it makes unlawful actions such as refusing to hire an individual who has a child with a disability based on an assumption that the applicant will be away from work excessively or be otherwise unreliable, firing an employee who works with people who are HIV-positive or have AIDS based on the assumption that the employee will contract the disease, or denying an employee health care coverage available to others because of the disability of an employee's dependent. This document explains the requirements of the ADA's association provision and provides examples of how it applies to these and other employment situations.
1. What is the association provision of the ADA and to whom does it provide protection?
The association provision of the ADA prohibits employment discrimination against a person, whether or not he or she has a disability, because of his or her known relationship or association with a person with a known disability. This means that an employer is prohibited from making adverse employment decisions based on unfounded concerns about the known disability of a family member or anyone else with whom the applicant or employee has a relationship or association.
2. How close does the association or relationship with a person with a disability have to be for an individual to be protected by the association provision?
The ADA does not require a family relationship for an individual to be protected by the association provision. The key is whether the employer is motivated by the individual's relationship or association with a person who has a disability.
Example A: An employer overhears an employee mention to a co-worker that he tutors children at a local homeless shelter. The employer, recalling that the shelter in question is well-known for providing job placement assistance for people living with HIV/AIDS, terminates the employee because it believes that its image will be tarnished if its employees associate with the "kind of person" who contracts HIV/AIDS. The employer has violated the ADA's association provision even if the employee is only minimally acquainted with beneficiaries of the shelter who have HIV/AIDS, because it made an adverse employment decision based on concerns about the disabilities of people with whom the employee has an association.
3. What types of employer conduct does the association provision prohibit?
Example B: An employer is interviewing applicants for a computer programmer position. The employer determines that one of the applicants, Arnold, is the best qualified, but is reluctant to offer him the position because Arnold disclosed during the interview that he has a child with a disability. The employer violates the ADA if it refuses to hire Arnold based on its belief that his need to care for his child will have a negative impact on his work attendance or performance.
Example C: A restaurant owner discovers that the chef's boyfriend is HIV-positive. The owner, fearing that the employee will contract the disease and transmit it to the customers through food, terminates the employee. This is a violation of the ADA's association provision.[2]
Example D: Tiffany, a part-time salesperson at a large appliance store, applies for a full-time position. The manager hiring for the position rejects Tiffany's application because, having heard that Tiffany's mother and sister had breast cancer, he concludes that Tiffany is likely to acquire the same condition and be unable to reliably work the hours required of a full-time salesperson. This is a violation of the association provision of the ADA.
Example E: The president of a small company learns that his administrative assistant, Sandra, has a son with an intellectual disability. The president is uncomfortable around people with this type of disability and decides to transfer Sandra to a position in which he will have less contact with her to avoid any discussions about, or interactions with, Sandra's son. He transfers her to a vacant entry-level position in the mailroom which pays less than Sandra's present position, but will allow him to avoid interacting with her. This is a violation of the ADA's association provision.
Example F: An employer who provides health insurance to the dependents of its employees learns that Jaime, an applicant for a management position, has a spouse with a disability. The employer determines that providing insurance to Jaime's spouse will lead to increased health insurance costs. The employer violates the ADA if it decides not to hire Jaime based on the increased health insurance costs that will be caused by his wife's disability.
Example G: In the previous example, it would also violate the ADA for the employer to offer Jaime the position without the benefit of health insurance for his dependents. The employer may not reduce the level of health insurance benefits it offers Jaime because his wife has a disability; nor may it subject Jaime to different terms or conditions of insurance.
Example H: A company has an annual holiday party for the children of its employees. The company president learns that one of its newly hired employees, Ruth, has a daughter with Down Syndrome. Worried that Ruth's daughter will frighten the other children or make people uncomfortable, he tells Ruth that she may not bring her daughter to the party. Ruth has been denied the benefits and privileges of employment available to other employees due to her association with a person with a disability.
Example I: Martin and his supervisor, Adam, have had an excellent working relationship, but Adam's behavior toward Martin has changed since Adam learned that Martin's wife has a severe disability. Although Martin has always been a good performer, Adam repeatedly expresses his concern that Martin will not be able to satisfy the demands of his job due to his need to care for his wife. Adam has begun to set unrealistic time frames for projects assigned to Martin and yells at Martin in front of co-workers about the need to meet approaching deadlines. Adam also recently began requiring Martin to follow company policies that other employees are not required to follow, such as requesting leave at least a week in advance. Adam has removed Martin from team projects, stating that Martin's co-workers do not think that Martin can be counted on to complete his share of the work "considering all of his wife's medical problems." Though Martin has complained several times to upper management about Adam's behavior, the employer does nothing. The employer is liable for harassment on the basis of Martin's association with an individual with a disability.
4. Does the ADA require an employer to provide a reasonable accommodation to a person without a disability due to that person's association with someone with a disability?
No. Only qualified applicants and employees with disabilities are entitled to reasonable accommodation.[3] For example, the ADA would not require an employer to modify its leave policy for an employee who needs time off to care for a child with a disability.[4] However, an employer must avoid treating an employee differently than other employees because of his or her association with a person with a disability.
Example J: Kyung, an employee at an accounting firm, requests a week of unpaid leave and is told by her supervisor that there will be no difficulty in granting the leave. Kyung then mentions that she will be using the leave to care for her mother with a disability, who is coming into town for medical treatments. The supervisor denies the leave request, telling Kyung that the firm's leave policy is not intended to cover this type of situation and that she should hire someone to look after her mother. A few days later, the supervisor approves Diego's request for a week of unpaid leave to attend a father-son camp with his son. If the firm grants requests for unpaid leave for certain personal or family reasons, it is a violation of the ADA's association provision to deny Kyung's request because she wishes to use the time to assist her mother with a disability.
Example K: A law firm permits its attorneys to use 100 hours of administrative leave a year to provide pro bono legal services. One attorney, Sylvia, wants to use these hours to work with a non-profit organization that provides legal and other services to individuals with psychiatric disabilities. The law firm denies her request because it does not believe that this type of work will reflect well on its image. If the firm allows attorneys to use administrative leave to provide pro bono legal services, it is a violation of the association provision of the ADA to deny Sylvia's request because she wishes to use the time to assist individuals with disabilities.
5. Does an employer have to provide health insurance coverage to employees who have dependents with disabilities beyond that provided to other employees?
No. As noted above, the ADA requires employers to provide employees with dependents who have disabilities equal access to whatever health insurance coverage is offered to other employees. An employer is not required to provide additional health insurance coverage under the ADA.
Example L: A state employer's health insurance plan will only pay for a certain number of days of inpatient care for employees' dependents each year. An employee informs the employer that his wife's disability will require more time in the hospital than the plan covers. The ADA does not require the employer to provide additional health insurance coverage to meet the wife's needs. A health insurance plan provision that limits the number of days of inpatient care for employee dependents affects individuals with many kinds of conditions, only some of which are disabilities. Consequently, the limitation is not a disability-based distinction and would not violate the ADA.[5]
If, however, the employer's health insurance plan has terms or provisions which make disability-based distinctions (e.g., provisions that single out specific disabilities, groups of disabilities or disability generally), the plan itself may violate the ADA unless an employer can demonstrate that the plan provision is not a subterfuge to evade the purposes of the ADA.[6]
Any person who believes that his or her employment rights have been violated on the basis of an association with a person with a disability and wants to make a claim against an employer must file a "charge of discrimination" with the EEOC. The charge must be filed by mail or in person with the local EEOC office within 180 days from the date of the alleged violation. The 180-day filing deadline is extended to 300 days if a state or local anti-discrimination law also covers the charge.
The EEOC will notify the employer of the charge and may ask for responses and supporting information. Before a formal investigation, the EEOC may select the charge for EEOC's mediation program, which may prevent a time-consuming investigation of the charge. Participation in mediation is free, voluntary, and confidential.
If mediation is unsuccessful, the EEOC investigates the charge to determine if there is "reasonable cause" to believe discrimination has occurred. If reasonable cause is found, the EEOC will then try to resolve the charge. In some cases, where the charge cannot be resolved, the EEOC will file a court action. If the EEOC finds no discrimination, or if an attempt to resolve the charge fails and the EEOC decides not to file suit, it will issue a notice of a "right to sue," which gives the charging party 90 days to file a court action. A charging party also can request a notice of a "right to sue" from the EEOC 180 days after the charge first was filed with the EEOC and may then bring suit within 90 days after receiving the notice. For a detailed description of the process, visit our website at http://www.eeoc.gov/employees/charge.cfm. For issues relating to federal employment, please refer to our website at http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-fed.html.
The ADA prohibits retaliation by an employer against someone who opposes discriminatory employment practices, files a charge of employment discrimination, or testifies or participates in any way in an investigation, proceeding, or litigation. Persons who believe that they have been retaliated against may file a charge of retaliation with the EEOC as described above.
[1] See 42 U.S.C. 12112(b)(4). Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act provides the same protections for federal government employees and applicants. In addition, most states have their own laws prohibiting employment discrimination on the basis of disability. Some of these state laws may apply to smaller employers and provide protections in addition to those available under the ADA.
[2]According to the Department of Health and Human Services, HIV/AIDS is not a disease that can be transmitted through food handling. See List of Infectious and Communicable Diseases which are Transmitted through the Food Supply at 69 Fed. Reg. 59237 (October 4, 2004). For a discussion of actions an employer may take in compliance with the ADA when an applicant or employee may have a disease transmissible through food handling, see EEOC's How to Comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act: A Guide for Restaurants and Other Food Service Employers, questions 6-11, available at http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/restaurant_guide.html.
[3] A reasonable accommodation is any work-related modification that will permit an employee or prospective employee with a disability to participate in the job application process, to perform the essential functions of a job, or to partake in the same benefits and privileges of employment enjoyed by employees without disabilities. See EEOC Guidance on Reasonable Accommodation and Undue Hardship under the Americans with Disabilities Act (as revised October 17, 2002) at www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/accommodation.html for more information about reasonable accommodation.
[4] Note, however, that an employee who needs leave to care for a spouse, child, or parent may be entitled to leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA). The FMLA, which covers private employers with 50 or more employees and state and local government employers, provides up to 12 workweeks of unpaid leave during any 12-month period to care for a spouse, child, or parent with a serious health condition. The U.S. Department of Labor enforces the FMLA. For more information, go to http://www.dol.gov/whd/fmla/.
[5] See Interim Enforcement Guidance on the Application of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 to Disability-Related Distinctions in Employer Provided Health Insurance (Interim Enforcement Guidance) at www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/health.html for more information on this issue.
[6] Id.
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The ninth annual John Denver Spirit Award will be presented to Broadway producer Stewart F. Lane at an Oct. 12 ceremony in New York's Central Park. The award, presented by the Starsong Foundation and JD Spirit, celebrates the legacy of the late singer/songwriter John Denver.
Lane is being honored for creating the new musical "A Moment In Time," about a mortally wounded marine in Afghanistan who recalls a happier time with his family in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia and finds a reason to live. The score is made up of songs written by Denver. The musical was premiered at the Dix Hill Performing Arts Center in Huntington, N.Y., and a developmental reading is planned for later this month in hopes that it might one day be presented on Broadway.
Lane is a five-time Tony award winner and a four-time Drama Desk Award winner, most reecently for producing "War Horse." He is also an author, playwright and co-owner/operator of the Palace Theatre in New York.
Read more…

subset: commoncrawl


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Welcome to Colmant Cap Classique & Champagne, a place dedicated to you, the South African bubbly lover.
Made with impeccable precision and the greatest of passion, our Cap Classique wines are the perfect companions to join you through the continuous celebration of life and happiness. That special touch of exclusivity and love for what we do is evidently present in each bottle produced on our beautiful family farm in Franschhoek, and we look forward to revelling in our zest for bubbly with you. We are also the proud importers of a unique range of top quality Champagnes, carefully selected by us for your enjoyment.
It would be our greatest pleasure to welcome you to our farm for an experience of excellence and effervescence. Our bubblies can also be ordered here on our website, with a free delivery service to your doorstep countrywide for any orders of 12 bottles and more.
Yours in bubbles,
- Jean-Philippe Colmant
Our Ethos
This page is currently under construction.


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Quantity: Factory Pack of 1440 Crystals
Brand: SWAROVSKI CRYSTALLIZED ELEMENTS
Colour: Light Peach (362)
Size: ss16
Diameter: 4.0mm
Backing: Foiled
Style: Non-Hotfix
Model: 2088 XIRIUS Rose
Quantity: 1440pcs
Country of Origin: Austria
Light Peach is a pale orange colour. ss16 are the perfect size for crystallizing footwear such as larger childrens and adult Converse trainers, high heel shoes, clothing, larger gadgets, slim Havaianas etc. They are 4mm in diameter and a nice easy size crystal to work with to pick them up you can use a Crystal Katana, Jewel Setter, Magic Pick or Precision application Tweezers. There are a number of useful tutorials on our blog that will show you how to crystallize footwear, how easy it is to pick up crystals with the various tools and which are the most suitable adhesives for fabrics or for plastics, rubber and other materials for project you are doing. Our bulk factory packs are available in a range of colours, if there is a colour you need that's not available give us a call and we can check to see if we have it in stock and if not it can be ordered in for you which just takes a few days.
We also have smaller pack sizes available which are available in packs of 100 crystals in the flatback crystal rhinestones small packs. section of our site.
All Items will be dispatched within 24 hours of placing an order Monday-Friday (99% of orders placed before 3pm are dispatched the same day (except larger semi precious bead orders which can take longer).
If any item is out of stock we will notify you by email/telephone.
1. Standard Delivery, Royal Mail First Class: £2.20 Usually arrives within 2 working days (Royal Mail can in rare cases can take up to 15 days).
2. Recorded Delivery, Royal Mail First Class Recorded: £2.80 Requires a signature upon receipt and usually arrives within 2 working days (Royal Mail can in rare cases can take up to 15 days).
3. UK Royal Mail Special Delivery: £7.94 Requires a signature upon receipt and usually arrives the next day before 1pm (Royal Mail only guarantee deliver Monday to Friday)
4. Airmail to Europe: £10.00 Usually takes 3-5 working days and requires a signature upon receipt, (Airmail can in rare cases take up to 20 days)
5. Global Delivery: £12.00 Usually takes 5-7 working days and requires a signature upon receipt, (Airmail can in rare cases take up to 20 days)
Note: 1st Class orders of Semi Precious Beads or Glass Beads over 1kg in weight will be sent 2nd Class due to the weight.


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Polio is a viral
infection that can cause permanent paralysis.
The inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is usually given at ages 2 months, 4 months,
6–18 months, and 4–6 years.
Sometimes IPV is given in a combination vaccine along with other vaccines. In this
case, a child might receive a fifth dose of IPV. This is safe.
Though the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is still used in many parts of the world,
it has not been used in the United States since 2000. Using IPV eliminates the small
risk of developing polio after receiving the live oral polio vaccine.
The vaccine offers protection against polio, which can cause paralysis and death.
Side effects include fever and redness or soreness at the site of injection. There
is a very small chance of an allergic reaction with any vaccine.
The vaccine is not recommended if your child:
IPV may cause mild fever, and soreness and redness at the site of the injection
for several days. Check with your doctor to see if you can give either acetaminophen
or ibuprofen for
pain or fever and to find out the right dose.
© Copyright


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Having a seemingly insatiable sweet tooth, baklava, the sticky-sweet treat of layers of buttery phyllo dough, nuts, and honey syrup, has always appealed to me. None the less, I don't have it too often as my run-ins with baklava are often of the unfortunate "guess how long I have been sitting in this plastic case" variety. Despite its questionable quality, I was tempted to buy some on a recent weeknight fly-by of GFC, a local Mediterranean "fast food" restaurant, to pick up dinner. I thought the better of it and decided to go the cupcake route giving me the excuse and chance to bake up some homemade baklava, which when you buy frozen phyllo dough, looked pretty darn easy to do.
Making the baklava wasn't hard but it was time consuming. I didn't mind so much, because boy did it turn out tasty. I was also very happy with the rose petal white chocolate mousse. I went easy on the rose, there is just a hint of it, and the mousse was definitely not too sweet and had a nice texture. Not quite as air-bubbly as a typical dark chocolate mousse, but nice texture just the same. Either two of these components stands well on their own.
I was pleased with the end result. The walnut cake soft and nutty, the mousse cooling with a hint of exotic flavor, and the baklava spicy, syrupy, and crunchy. Definitely a stretch as far as calling it a cupcake, I will admit, but an interesting dessert none the less.
Rose White Chocolate Mousse
5 ounces white chocolate
3 egg yolks
1/2 cup sifted confectioners' sugar
2 tablespoons unsalted butter
1 cup heavy cream
3 egg whites
1/4 cup rose simple syrup
couple drops of red or pink food coloring (optional)
1. Chop the chocolate and set aside.
2. In the bowl of an electric mixer with the paddle attachment set to medium-high speed, beat the egg yolks and sugar until light yellow, about 2 minutes.
3. Place the bowl of egg yolks and sugar over a pan of simmering water. Stir constantly with a wooden spoon until thick, about 2 minutes.
4. Take the egg yolk mixture off the heat and add the chopped white chocolate. Stir vigorously with a wooden spoon until chocolate is melted and combined. Add the butter and incorporate. Set aside. Note: This mixture will be very thick.
5. In the bowl of an electric mixer with the whisk attachment set to medium-high speed, beat the cream until very stiff. Transfer to a mixing bowl and set aside. Wash and dry the bowl and whisk.
6. In the bowl of an electric mixer with the whisk attachment set to medium-high speed, start beating the egg whites. Heat the rose simple syrup in a small saucepan to soft ball stage (about 235 degrees on a candy thermometer). Gently pour the hot syrup into the egg whites as the mixer is running at low speed. Increase speed to high and beat until the egg whites are stiff.
7. Stir in about 1/3 of the egg whites into the chocolate mixture to lighten. 8. Fold the remaining egg whites into the chocolate mixture. Then fold in the whipped cream. Fold in food coloring if desired.
9. Cover with plastic wrap and chill for at least 2 hours.
Note: You can use purchase rose simple syrup (as I did) or make your own by boiling equal parts water and sugar with a couple drops of rose extract.
Walnut Cupcakes
~20 cupcakes / 350 degree oven
1-1/2 cups flour (cake if you have it, otherwise all-purpose)
3/4 cups sugar
1/4 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon baking powder
1/4 cup grape seed oil or vegetable oil
4 egg yolks (approximately 3 ounces)
1/4 cup water
1/3 cup walnut butter
5 egg whites (approximately 5 ounces)
1/4 teaspoon cream of tarter
1/4 cup sugar
1/3 cup coarsely ground walnuts
1. Sift flour, sugar, salt, and baking powder into the bowl of a standing mixer.
2. In a medium bowl, combine oil, egg yolks, water, and walnut butter. Stir to combine.
3. On a low setting, start to beat the dry mixture and slowly add the wet. Increase the mixer speed to medium and beat until incorporated.
4. Transfer mixture to another bowl. Wash and dry mixer bowl.
5. Whip egg whites with whip attachment on medium-high speed until foamy. With the mixer on medium speed, add cream of tarter and slowly add sugar. Beat on high speed until stiff peaks form.
6. Scoop about a third of the stiff egg whites into the batter and stir to combine. This should lighten up the batter.
7. Transfer the batter to the egg whites and gently fold until there are no more streaks of egg white. Fold in the ground walnuts.
8. Scoop into cupcake cups just less than 1/2 full (so there is room for mousse) and bake at 350 F for 22-25 minutes until the tops are golden brown.
Note: You can use prepared walnut butter (as I did) or grind walnuts in a food processor until they become a paste. You can add a small amount of some mild oil to help it along.
Honey Syrup from Epicurious.com
1-1/2 cups sugar
3/4 cup honey
1 cup plus 2 tablespoons water
1 tablespoon lemon juice
1 cinnamon stick (optional)
4 whole cloves (optional)
1. In a small pan, stir the sugar, water, lemon juice, cinnamon sticks, and cloves over low heat until the sugar dissolves, about 3 minutes.
2. Stop stirring, increase the heat to medium, and cook until the mixture is slightly syrupy, about 5 minutes (about 225 degrees on a candy thermometer).
3. Discard the cinnamon sticks and whole cloves. Let cool. The remaining will be used in the next recipe.
Baklava Disks from Epicurious.com
~20 disks / 350 degree oven
1/2 pound walnuts, finely chopped or coarsely ground
2 tablespoons sugar
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1/4 teaspoon ground cloves or cardamom
1/2 pound (about 12 sheets) phyllo dough
1/2 cup (1 stick) melted butter
1. Mix together walnuts, sugar, and spices in a medium sized bowl.
2. Roll out 12 phyllo sheets. Place a sheet of phyllo onto a clean, flat surface. Brush with butter.
3. Repeat with 5 more sheets, buttering between each.
4. Spread the filling over the buttered phyllo.
5. Top with 6 more sheets, buttering between each.
6. Using a circular cookie cutter close to the size of the opening of your cupcake papers, cut as many phyllo disks as you have cupcakes. Using a spatula, transfer to a silpat covered or greased sheet pan.
7. Just before baking, lightly sprinkle the top of the pastry with cold water. This inhibits the pastry from curling.
8. Bake for 20 minutes. Reduce the heat to 300 degrees and bake until golden brown, about 15 additional minutes.
9. Drizzle the cooled syrup slowly over the hot baklava and let cool for at least 2 hours.
Note: I ended up making by Baklava too thick. I did three layers of eight sheets with two layers of filling. I ended up leaving behind the bottom layer when transferring onto the cupcakes (and saved the bottoms to nibble on). I adjusted the recipe to make a thinner Baklava.
1. Pipe the mousse layer just to the top of the cupcake paper.
2. Top with the Baklava disks.
3. Decorate with a dollop of mousse and a walnut.


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Class Of Heroes 2
Class of Heroes 2 now available on the PS Store for PSP and Vita
MonkeyPaw Games and Gaijinworks have announced import sequel Class of Heroes 2 is now available on the PS Store for PSP and Vita.
Class Of Heroes 2 headlines
Class of Heroes 2 may still get a physical release
Class of Heroes 2 didn't succeed in its Kickstarter drive for a Monkeypaw-backed physical release, eventually opting to launch via the PlayStation Network for PSP and Vita, but new publisher Gaijinworks hasn't given up. If 2,500 gamers sign up for a physical PSP release by February 14, Gaijinworks will go ahead and produce one, bundled […]
Class of Heroes 2 hits PSP, Vita this year
Class of Heroes II, unfortunately best known as a failed Kickstarter, will launch through the PlayStation Network during northern autumn. The 2009 RPG will be compatible with both the PSP and Vita, will allow for item trading on the PSP version, and boasts ten classes, 200 dungeons and more than 100 monster types. Thanks, PS […]


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A perfume from Avon, I hear you sniff? I know, I know but I totally fell in love with the bottle and the green – I love love love this kind of snotty-bog green…that's an awful description. But I just love this green.
I always think of Kylie when I hear the word Absynthe.
This scent is (they say):
A mysterious oriental fragrance inspired by the magic of absynthe. Captivating green anise and saffron, enticed by sexy florals, rich smoky woods, and liquid amber.
Great Gift For: Mums, Friends that like green
What You Get: 50ml of scent
Notes: I found this more floral than musky or 'sexy' but its a pretty wearable, inoffensive scent for day to day. Also I just LOVE that bottle!
Buy it from: You can buy it here for £20.00.
Would you buy a scent based on the bottle?


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Jane Gagliardo said she didn't need a college degree to figure out she'd been targeted and discriminated against by her employer because she suffered from multiple sclerosis.
Jane Gagliardo said she didn't need a college degree to figure out she'd been targeted and discriminated against by her employer because she suffered from multiple sclerosis.
"You don't work for a company for 10 years, get commendations two and three times a year, then get a new boss and, three months later, get fired," said Gagliardo of East Stroudsburg.
The company, then called Connaught Laboratories and now known as Sanofi Pasteur, had offered her $10,000 to quit, she said. But the offer didn't make much sense, Gagliardo said.
"I didn't have a degree, but what I've been blessed with is street smarts and here they were firing me, but offering me $10,000 to sign a letter of resignation," she said.
In 2000, four years after she was fired, Gagliardo won a more than $2 million judgment against Connaught Laboratories.
Two years later, a federal appeals court upheld the jury award, noting that the lower court trial proved the company's reckless indifference toward Gagliardo's disability.
A company spokeswoman declined comment. But, at trial, Connaught attorneys argued that Gagliardo offered no proof she was limited in any major life activity.
They also claimed that testimony failed to show that Gagliardo was "substantially limited" in the activities of concentrating and remembering.
Connaught cited other U.S. Supreme Court cases in which the court held that to be substantially limited in performing manual tasks, an individual must have an impairment that prevents or severely restricts the person from doing activities that are of central importance to most people's daily lives. The impairment must be permanent or long term, which wasn't the case with Gagliardo, they claimed.
For Gagliardo, now 60, who was represented by attorney Patrick Reilly of Allentown, it had never been about the trial or the money. She loved working there, she said.
Most importantly, she said, her fight was about justice and the Americans with Disabilities Act that allowed for disabled employees to receive accommodations from employers.
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations to people with disabilities.
Gagliardo, a customer account representative, claimed that her workload was higher than her colleagues' and wanted it reduced to help her deal with her disease.
Gagliardo's struggles are chronicled in a new book, "Call to Witness: One Woman's Battle with Disability, Discrimination and a Pharmaceutical Powerhouse."
The 305-page book, which is a collaborative effort between Gagliardo, Reilly and author Sherry Blackman, is being released in May.
The book described Gagliardo as a "throwaway employee, fired after working for nearly a decade for a leading vaccine maker" when her disability surfaced.
"I noted three things about the company in my opening arguments, and they were apathy, arrogance and indifference toward Jane," Reilly said.
"But, she had the tenacity to stick with it and during the trial and during the process of writing the book, I learned so much more about her and I'm proud of her professionally and personally," he said.
Gagliardo was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1989.
Several years later, she began having intermittent symptoms that interfered with her work, including problems with concentration and memory, something the company tried to exploit during her trial, Gagliardo said.
Blackman describes Gagliardo as fearless and impassioned and said her landmark case changed the law and challenged the way corporations do business today.
"She grew up in an abusive household. Her dad told her she'd never amount to anything," Blackman said of Gagliardo. "Jane stands about 5 feet tall, but she has this dynamic spirit. She refused to settle with this company because she wanted them to admit they were wrong. It was an integrity issue, and she's very passionate about justice and about what's right."
Gagliardo said she's been using the money to help pay college bills for her three sons and to help with medical expenses related to her MS.


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Last year, Norway joined Sweden's green certificate scheme which obliges energy providers to source a percentage of their energy from renewable sources.
Norway's wind industry has benefited from joining the scheme, according to David Williams, senior consultant in GL Garrad Hassan's strategy and policy unit.
"Historically, Norway did not provide wind developers with as high an incentive, so a low wind site in Sweden was more economically viable than a high wind speed site in Norway. Once this was normalised by Norway joining the same scheme there were far more economically viable sites available in Norway than in Sweden," he explains.
Some large onshore projects are due for completion this year, including the 55MW Step Two Midtfjellet wind farm in Hordaland, south west Norway, which secured financing in January. The 770MW Fosen cluster, which comprises four projects on the west coast's Fosen peninsula, is waiting for final permission and a transmission line.
Norway installed 141MW in 2012. This seems like a large increase considering only 43MW were added the previous year, but several large projects were in the process of coming online at the end of 2011, but were not fully operational so could not be included in official figures for that year.
Norwegian transmission operator Statnett has now invested NOK 70 billion (EUR 9.42 billion) to update the central grid system. The government has decided to build cables overhead rather than underground, which would have cost three times more. The plan faced strong opposition as it went through what is deemed to be some of Norway's most beautiful countryside. Discussions are ongoing as to who will pay for it. Producers are under pressure to pay as much as possible.


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Try the service thread here:
I have the Samsung FP-T5084 50" Plasma tv. I went to turn it on the other day, and it wouldn't turn on. No clicking. No red power indicator light. Nothing. It was plugged into a power strip with other components, and they all work fine. I unplugged it for a while and then plugged it into a different outlet on the power bar, but it still won't turn on.


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Please ensure that your actions are lawful!
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SAP SuccessFactors SOC 2 Audit Report 2018 H1
The SAP SuccessFactors solutions include a complete set of tightly integrated talent management solutions, robust workforce analytics and planning, as well as a next generation core HR solution.
The SAP SuccessFactors solutions is comprehensive, engaging and flexible enough to start with any product and expand to every product in the suite. SAP SuccessFactors ties people strategy to business strategy with workflows, content, insights and expertise that directly impacts business results and drives company success.
As SAP SuccessFactors expands the Company continues to optimize its use of data center hosting facilities. Services may be relocated as business needs change. The following data centers host SAP SuccessFactors solutions: Amsterdam, Netherlands; Chandler, AZ; Ashburn, VA; Sydney, Australia; St. Leon-Rot, Germany; Toronto, Canada; Moscow, Russia; Sao Paolo, Brazil.
SOC2 reports fulfill various information and assurance needs of customers and aim to place trust in SAPs service organization systems, processes and controls. These narratives are related to the trust principles Security, Availability, Confidentiality Processing Integrity or Privacy which must be met to demonstrate a well-designed system. SOC 2 also contains details on performed tests and their results. SOC2 Type 1 covers management's description of a service organization's system and the suitability of the design of controls at a specific point in time, whereas a SOC2 Type 2 also includes the operating effectiveness of controls for a dedicated period of time.
SAP SuccessFactors as regularly prepared SOC2 Type 2 audit reports by an independent 3rd party accountant. This version of the report covers the audit period 1. November 2017 to 30. April 2018, the locations Amsterdam, Netherlands; Chandler, AZ; Ashburn, VA; Sydney, Australia; St. Leon-Rot, Germany; Toronto, Canada; Moscow, Russia; Sao Paolo, Brazil and the trust principles Security and Availability.
The use of these reports is restricted. A copy of this report is available for all SAP customers and prospects with non-disclosure agreement in place.


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The 2019 Hyundai Sonata won't really wow you with dramatic styling or crazy amounts of horsepower, but it is a very competent sedan that ranks among the class leaders. - Edmunds
Our goal is to make your car buying experience the best possible. Ray Skillman Avon Hyundai's virtual dealership offers a wide variety of new and used cars, Hyundai incentives, service specials, and Hyundai parts savings. Conveniently located in Greenwood, IN we also serve near Indianapolis, IN and Columbus, IN.
New vehicle pricing includes all offers and incentives. Tax, Title, Tags and $199.50 Doc Fees not included in vehicle prices shown and must be paid by the purchaser. While great effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information on this site, errors do occur so please verify information with a customer service rep. This is easily done by calling us at (317)754-3400 or by visiting us at the dealership.
**With approved credit. Terms may vary. Monthly payments are only estimates derived from the vehicle price with a 72 month term, 4.9% interest and 20% downpayment.
*Number of views in last 30 days
† Based on 2019 EPA mileage ratings. Use for comparison purposes only. Your actual mileage will vary depending on how you drive and maintain your vehicle.
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8775 E US Hwy 36 • Avon, IN 46123Get Directions
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Phone: (317)754-3400http://maps.google.com/?q=8775%20E%20US%20Hwy%2036%2C%20Avon%2C%20IN%2046


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jQuery File Upload with Progress Bars and Previews
jQuery File Upload is a File Upload widget with multiple file selection, drag&drop support, progress bars and preview images for jQuery. It supports cross-domain, chunked and resumable file uploads and client-side image resizing. It also works with any server-side platform (PHP, Python, Ruby on Rails, Java, Node.js, Go etc.) that supports standard HTML form file uploads.
The jQuery UI widget factory is a requirement for the basic File Upload plugin, but very lightweight without any other dependencies. The User Interface is built with Twitter's Bootstrap Toolkit. This enables a CSS based, responsive layout and fancy transition effects on modern browsers. The demo also includes the Bootstrap Image Gallery Plugin. Both of these components are optional and not required.
Requirements: jQuery Framework
Demo: http://blueimp.github.com/jQuery-File-Upload/
License: MIT License


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BARCELONA, Spain – Today we announce the Nokia 808 PureView. This is our first smartphone to feature our exclusive new PureView technology, which completely blows away any prior expectations about the quality of camera phone photography.The description goes on to say:
The Nokia 808 PureView features a 41-megapixel sensor with our highest performance Carl Zeiss optics to date and Nokia's brand-new pixel oversampling technology.
The excellent camera performance also extends to video. The camera allows for 1080p recording at 30fps, with 4X lossless zoom thanks to the big sensor and powerful image processing which handles over 1 billion pixels per second. At lower resolutions, the capabilities of the zoom increase, with 6X at 720p and up to 12X lossless zoom in nHD (640 x 360) recordings. Of course great video is nothing without great audio.
Here the Nokia 808 PureView also sets a new standard. The Nokia 808 PureView is the world's first video recording device to allow recording without distortion at audio levels beyond the capability of human hearing. This allows you to even in the harshest of environment capture stereo CD-like audio quality.The resulting photos can be uploaded to Facebook with two clicks. Want some more, here is the intro video:
Now, there are dozens of videos highlighting the Nokia 808 on YouTube that are sprouting like weeds after a rain storm. It looks like the expensive professional level camera I have may be obsolete?
More comments later.


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State Farm Insurance Agent View Licenses
3rd Floor at the old Wheaton InnMap & Directions Contact Us
Monday - Thu 9:00am - 5:00pm
Friday 9:00am - 5:00pm
Saturday: By Appointment
Auto, Home, Business, Property, Life, Health
Banking, Annuities
Auto, Home, Business, Property, Life, Health
Banking, Annuities
Monday - Thu 9:00am - 5:00pm
Friday 9:00am - 5:00pm
Saturday: By Appointment
301 W. Roosevelt Road Suite E
Wheaton, IL 60187-4938
Buying a new or new-to-you used car can seem overwhelming. Doing some homework on the vehicles, loan rates, and car prices ahead of time can help you buy in confidence. Read more
This article outlines pressure washer safety tips, suggests what not to pressure wash and explains basic tool maintenance. Read more
From decorating to cooking, check out these holiday safety tips to keep your home safe for the holidays. Read more
State Farm Bank, F.S.B., Bloomington, Illinois ("Bank"), is a Member FDIC and Equal Housing Lender. NMLS ID 139716. The other products offered by affiliate companies of State Farm Bank are not FDIC insured, not a State Farm Bank obligation or guaranteed by State Farm Bank, and may be subject to investment risk, including possible loss of principal invested. The Bank encourages any interested individual(s) to submit an application for any product(s) offered by the Bank. We also encourage you to obtain information regarding the Bank's underwriting standards for each type of credit or service offered by visiting statefarm.com or by contacting the Bank at 877-SF4-BANK (877-734-2265). Callers who are hearing or speech impaired should dial 711 or use a preferred Telecommunications Relay Service. To apply for a Bank product, you may also see your participating State Farm agent.
Life Insurance and annuities are issued by State Farm Life Insurance Company. (Not Licensed in MA, NY, and WI) State Farm Life and Accident Assurance Company (Licensed in New York and Wisconsin) Home Office, Bloomington, Illinois.
State Farm VP Management Corp. is a separate entity from those State Farm entities which provide banking and insurance products. Investing involves risk, including potential for loss.
Neither State Farm nor its agents provide tax or legal advice. Please consult a tax or legal advisor for advice regarding your personal circumstances.


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Storage Room Lock Square
Please note: When purchasing multiple products our website may calculate shipping costs wrong which can result in shipping costs being dispayed as too expensive.
If you feel that the multiple products you would like to purchase are having shipping costs calculated wrong, please get in touch with us so that we can charge you the right amount of shipping.
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Contact Details
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Notting Hill Escorts are out of this world girls, in all shapes and sizes, you will definitely find someone to your liking.
If you have specific requirements or special wishes, ensure to give your needs. Then, we will tell these to our Notting Hill escort girls regarding this for us to offer you more convenience. So, keep in touch with us and call us right away!
Give us a call and one of our member staff is sure to assist you with setting up the ultimate date with the Notting Hill escort that you have been dreaming of. We are recommending all clients to call us as soon as they can to get their appointment set with their chosen escort and not let other men get the schedule for her.
Staying alone at Notting Hill can be a bit frustrating. But, with our Notting Hill escorts ladies, we will make you happy and satisfied and we can do it in a simple way. Do not let any man take your perfect girl from you!
Prior to calling and setting up your appointment with our Notting Hill girls, it is best that you plan all the things that you wish to do with the ideal girl of your choice. Allow yourself to be happy and get the most thrilling experience in your life!
If you are tired of choosing girls in restaurants, clubs, and pubs, then we can give you the best way to enjoy your stay. Notting Hill Escorts exist because we know that there are some who seek for adventure and fan.
So, what else are you waiting for? Now is the best chance for you to meet our girls! Call our Notting Hill Escorts Agency!


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Denver fashion and beauty shows worth getting dressed up for
Looking for a place to wear your new fall outfit? There are a number of events to keep fashion and beauty lovers going this weekend, beginning with tonight's kickoff of Denver Fashion Weekend.
Presented by 303 Magazine and Schomp Mini, the semi-annual event features two evenings of fashion, beauty and hair trends. Katelyn Simkins is producing both nights and from what we've seen of her work in the past — including the circus motif she used in the spring edition, you can expect to be entertained. Simkins told 303's Anna Ziverts Thursday's show of fashion and makeup isn't themed, but that for Saturday, "All the salons were given specific dates and locations in world history to draw their inspiration from."
Presentations are from 8-11 p.m. each night, and tickets are $25-$50; 303magazine.com/DFW; events at City Hall Amphitheater, 1144 Broadway. Read on for more details.
Matthew Morris is celebrating the opening of his newish location on Broadway with a big show and party Saturday night. Morris' "Broadway Blender" will feature samplings from such restaurants as Beatrice & Woodsley and Deluxe starting at 7 p.m. and a show and open bar at 8:30 p.m.. Tickets are $50 and proceeds will benefit the District 4 Police Department. And leave it to the beauty gurus to come up with a great gift box. Those who purchase tickets will go home with swag valued at $400, according to Betsy Martin, who says each box contains: Shu Uemura Volumemaker, a travel size Shu Uemura paddle brush, a Pay it forward bracelet (http://denverpifmovement.org/), MM lip balm, MM packaging with Sanitas Skincare Vita C serum and Lemon Cream Cleanser, a $25 gift card to the Spa at Four Seasons Denver, a week's guest pass to Pura Vida in Cherry Creek North, Kerastase travel sizes, L'Oreal Professional sample packets, Vitaminwater Zero and Pop Chips, a Sinless Sun deal for tanning and a coupon for $50 off teeth Whitening with Thuy Dam at SoYouBoutique.net Matthew Morris Salon and Skincare, 13 S. Broadway; 303-715-4673; matthewmorrissalon.com
Fresh — Nail, Wax Dry Bar opens Friday at 180 Steele St. in Cherry Creek North, the former home of Glo Minerals. We hated to see that great beauty boutique leave the neighborhood but take comfort in the fact that Glo comsetics are among the products being used in this innovative new concept store. We first learned of the business when visiting their prototype location in Aspen Grove almost two years ago. Featuring just a few services that you can get done in less than an hour each, Fresh caters to busy women who want a clean, hygienic experience. Fresh uses only natural products, including formaldehyde-free polishes as well as scrubs and removers. The membership program is worth checking out.
More at myfreshplace.com and look for my interview with owner Erin Jacobsen and founded Tina Colburn in the Denver Post's Oct. 18 Colorado LifeStyle section.


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*Please contact dealer to verify price, options, and other vehicle details.
MPG Disclaimer: *Based on 2017 EPA mileage and driving range ratings. Use for comparison purposes only. Your MPGe/MPG and driving range will vary depending on driving conditions, how you drive and maintain your vehicle, battery age/condition, and other factors.
Please note: Content mistakes could occur, see our Sales Department for complete information and a product presentation at the dealership or through a video walk-around that we can email you.
Chevrolet: Pricing does not include the $999 McCarthy Assurance Package. Prices may contain errors due to electronic errors. Please ask to speak with a McCarthy Auto Group Sales Professional for any questions.
ALL CURRENT FACTORY REBATES ASSIGNED TO DEALER (OFFER INCLUDES $2,000 TRADE ASSISTANCE AND ALL APPLICABLE MANUFACTURER REBATES). NOT ALL CUSTOMERS WILL QUALIFY FOR ALL REBATES. CHECK WITH YOUR SALES CONSULTANT TO SEE WHICH AVAILABLE REBATES YOU QUALIFY FOR. WITH APPROVED CREDIT THROUGH HFS. VEHICLE MAY HAVE PREVIOUSLY BEEN A COURTESY LOANER VEHICLE. PLUS $999 McCARTHY ASSURANCE, DEALER INSTALLED OPTIONS, ADMINISTRATIVE FEE, LICENSE, OTHER APPLICABLE STATE TITLING FEES, AND TAXES. **TRADE ASSISTANCE REQUIRED TRADE OF A 2009 OR NEWER VEHICLE WITH LESS THAN 100,000 MILES. DEALERSHIP MUST ARRANGE FINANCING FOR DOWN PAYMENT ASSISTANCE. INCLUDES DOWN PAYMENT ASSISTANCE. MUST FINANCE THROUGH HFS. NOT ELIGIBLE ON CASH PURCHASES. OFFERS EXPIRE MONTH END


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Microsoft Patents
Microsoft is committed to responsible intellectual property management, including the creation of a healthy patent ecosystem around the world that promotes and encourages innovation. One component of a well-functioning patent system is clarity around what entity is the real party in interest for a particular patent. Increased transparency around ownership reduces the likelihood of opportunistic behavior and gamesmanship by patent holders and helps facilitate licensing.
To demonstrate our commitment to transparency, Microsoft joined with other industry leaders in the Open Register of Patent Ownership, or OroPO, in May 2015. Through OroPO, Microsoft provides a list that includes to the best of our knowledge all issued patents that Microsoft currently owns, either directly or through subsidiaries. (This project builds on our legacy Patent Tracker tool, previously established in March 2013, which included a full listing of worldwide issued patents that Microsoft had filed and prosecuted as well as patents that we had acquired over time.)
As Microsoft realigns its core functions we have also realigned our licensing and legal support by forming Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC. Continuing Microsoft's commitment to transparency, Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC will continue to make every patent it holds publicly available via OroPO.
This is a reorganization to ensure the appropriate support to business groups and streamline the management of the Microsoft patent assets. This business decision does not change the company's IP commitments or approach to litigation as a last resort. Our commitments to partners, regulators, and standards organizations will not be impacted. Microsoft and its subsidiaries remain committed to responsible intellectual property management.
You can find more information about the patents in the list in a variety of places. For a US patent, start at the US Patent and Trademark Office's general Patent Search home page and navigate to their Full-Text and Image Database, or view additional information using Public PAIR. A good resource for patents from many countries is the European Patent Office's Espacenet Patent Search site (which includes a training course). For more information about a patent from another country, contact or visit the website of the patent-granting authority in that location.


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C. U. "Kesh" Nawada MD, FACS
About the Practice
Practice Philosophy
Dr. Nawada's Mission Statement is one and the same as his Practice Philosophy, which is: "To respect people with dignity and dedicate our service for the better lives of the people we serve."
Practice Specialization
Dr. Nawada's training in Plastic Surgery was in Aesthetics at all times, alongside the Reconstructive part of the field. Eventually, as his Practice evolved, he decided to specialize in the Aesthetic, or Cosmetic Surgery side of his Plastic Surgery Practice, in Winter Haven Florida.
Procedures Performed:
- Breast Surgery: augmentation with implants, re-operation or correction, uplift, reduction.
- Facial Surgery: face lift-mini, mid, full, SMAS, or MACS lift. neck lift, nose surgery, upper and lower eyelid surgery, prominent ear correction surgery, brow/forehead lift.
- Body Contouring Surgery: liposuction, lipectomy, tummy tuck-from mini, to full, to circumferential. arm lift, thigh lift. fat grafting, buttock augmentation, contour correction.
- Laser Surgery & Therapies and Light-Based Technologies: tunable erbium resurfacing laser technology, profractional-XC, combination treatments, like MicroLaserPeel + ProFractional therapy, and IPL for sun-damaged skin.
- Supportive Minimally Invasive Therapies: neuromodulators: botox cosmetic, xeomin, dysport. Fillers: restylane, perlane, juvederm XC, juvederm plus, radiesse, and sculptra aesthetic.
Background & Certification
Board Certification
Certified by the American Board of Surgery, 1974, and is a Fellow since 1981.
Certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery - 1976.
Both of these Boards, are recognized by the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS).
Professional Background
Undergraduate Degree - Mahatma Gandhi Memorial College (MGM College), Karnataka, India
M.D. - University of Mysore, Mysore Medical College, Karnataka, India
Internship - K.R. Hospital - Mysore, India
Internship - Lutheran Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
General Surgery
Residency 1 year - Saint Vincent Hospital, Erie, PA
General Surgery Residency - 4 year program - Saginaw
Affiliated Hospitals, Saginaw, MI
Fellowship in Burn Surgery - 6 month rotation - Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL
Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Residency - New Jersey College of Medicine & Dentistry, (NJCMD), Newark, NJ
Fellowship in Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery - 6 month program, NJCMD, Newark, NJ
Clinical Assistant Professor of Plastic Surgery - July 1975 to December 1976
Workshop - "Facial Rejuvenation by MACS Lift-A Cadaver Workshop" -April 19, 2007 - Javits Center, New York City
Teaching Appointments
Clinical Assistant Professor of Plastic Surgery - July 1975 to December 1976-NJCMD, Newark, N.J.
Awards & Honors
F.A.C.S. - Fellow of the American College of Surgeons
Castle & Connelly "America's Cosmetic Surgeons and Dentists - in Plastic Surgery
"Physician Of The Year Award" - Presented by Winter Haven Hospital - 1991
Affiliations & Memberships
Hospital Affiliations
Winter Haven Hospital - Dr. Nawada has Full Privileges here.
Nawada Plastic Surgery-on-site Ambulatory Surgical Center. Dr. Nawada owns his own, on-site, state licensed ASC, and works only with Board-Certified M.D. Anesthesiologists in every surgery.
One Surgeon, One Patient, at a time. More extensive surgeries that require an overnight stay, are performed at Winter Haven Hospital. Additionally if a patient has a medical condition, where her/his Primary Care or Specialist Physician approves, but cautions about risks, such as sleep apnea, the surgery will also be performed at the hospital. If a patient comes from out of town, and has surgery at Nawada Plastic Surgery's ASC, or the hospital, Winter Haven Hospital has a Short Stay Unit, where Dr. Nawada's patients may stay overnight, or longer, if necessary.
Society Memberships
ASPRS-the American Society of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeons-1974 to Present
ASPS-the American Society of Plastic Surgeons-1999 to Present
ASAPS-the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery-2000 to Present
ASLMS-American Society For Laser Medicine and Surgery-1999 to Present
Your Consultation
Dr. Nawada's Consultations are usually detailed in nature, including dialogue between himself and the patient, including History and Physicals, discussion of procedures and alternative lines of treatments and risks.
Staff & Facilities
Surgical Facility
"Nawada Plastic Surgery". Dr. Nawada owns his own on-site Ambulatory Surgical Center, FL license # 1129. He also enjoys Full
Privileges at Winter Haven Hospital, which is one mile from our ASC.
Board-Certified M.D. Anesthesiologists in every surgery, After-Hour Post-Operative Care is Always available. In case of an Emergency, call Winter Haven Hospital at (863-293-1121). They will page Dr. Nawada for you, directly! Our ASC is inspected annually by the Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA), and continuously keeps up with QUAPI, Risk Management and ever-changing and additions to regulations and trends. We are a member of the Florida Society of Ambulatory Surgical Centers (FSASC). Our Life Safety Systems are continuously monitored by Riteway Services, Inc. of Winter Park, FL.
Computer Imaging
Canfield Scientific-Mirror Imaging available
Skin Care Products
SkinCeuticals, Latisse
Languages Spoken
English. Additionally, one of our nurses fluently speaks Spanish.
Payment Options
All Credit Cards Accepted, Checks, Money Orders and Financing done by Care Credit.
C. U. "Kesh" Nawada MD, FACS
1121 1st St S, Winter Haven, FL,
Request More Information
- View Website
View phone number
Phone: 863-293-2924


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TRW Lucas brake pads organic ECO MCB535EC 35,7x45,4x6mm352
- 20 %
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TRW Lucas ECO organic brake pads
High-quality organic brake pads especially for less motorised vehicles.
- Very long lasting
- High brake disc compatibility
- The sophisticated components of the friction linings ensure reliable operation in all applications
- Convincing in dry as well as in wet conditions
- For most pads with groove(s) in the friction lining for the outgasing and removal of brake dust and water
- Patented NRS technology - a hook profile fixes the friction lining inextricably to the back plate so that safety is guaranteed, even under extreme thermal loads
- Unpainted rear plates
- Optimal for everyday use of scooters, ATVs, light motorcycles; both on and off road
Dimensions (approx.):
The dimensions of the carrier plates can be found respectively in the item description or in the selection field.
These are: width x height x depth:
Permit (in Germany):
With type approval = all brake linings are identified with a KBA number on the back.
Price per set for one brake disk
Write Your Own Review
- Finger weg!
- Qualitativ hochwertiger Bremsbelag mit guter Bremswirkung vor allem bei Nässe


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Just as Batman had the Batmobile, bosses in the UK can have the Jaguar XJ. Strong words, but with so many toys to play with, we just couldn't resist the lure of Jaguar inviting us on a track day to have a play with the new XJ.
Now, we aren't ones to keep something as cool as this to ourselves here at Pocket-lint, so we've snapped the car within an inch of its life, like a pap chasing a celeb, so you can see all those toys in glorious colour.
What's to get excited about? How about that 12.3-inch LCD screen that replaces those boring old mechanical dials that you've probably got in your car?
Or maybe the large touchscreen control panel that features a dual screen system that allows the passenger to watch the Jeremy Kyle show, while all you see is the satnav instructions (don't worry everyone gets headphones so you can't hear either).
Continuing on the multimedia front there's also a DVD player, the CD burning to hard drive function, a 30GB hard drive to store music and films on, the DAB radio and iPhone support via Bluetooth - in fact the only thing that is really missing is internet connectivity.
Beyond entertainment there is the heated steering wheel for those cold mornings, a massage feature that will work your back while you're stuck in traffic, and that's before you start talking about the motorised seats, the touch sensitive lights and glove compartment switch.
Oh, and did we mention the rear parking camera, the ability to automatically monitor traffic in front of you and slow down accordingly when using cruise control, and its ability to stay on the straight and narrow on icy roads because of its auto correcting DSC system.
All of these gadgets, to be honest, pale in comparison to that 12.3-inch display that dynamically changes to give you the information you need. Whether it's telling you who has their seatbelt on (graphically of course), or what the next turning on the road is (it briefly replaces the petrol gauge), this is certainly the car for you if you want to boast about your gadget credentials.
The catch? It's slightly more expensive than your average laptop, coming in at around £65,000 and change. But, boy, is it worth it!


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Early Pike Spawning
April 30, 2012 by Chris
by Doug Leier
As far as I can tell, few people are complaining out loud about the early arrival of spring in 2012.
Since 2009 it's almost felt like we'd skipped a season, or replaced spring with "flood" season.
This year, it started to feel like spring in February and March and it's almost as if fall never left.
Regardless, the early spring has been welcomed by humans, fish and wildlife alike.
As a biologist, I understand it's often multiple factors that influence wildlife behavior. The snow geese arrived earlier this year with many hunters able to find high numbers in early March, almost a month earlier than last year than these birds arrived last year. That's a solid indicator that the birds don't look at the calendar to decide when their northern migration should begin.
In 2011 many hunters reported the best numbers of birds spread across North Dakota in April. Heavy snowpack held birds farther south until the snow line receded and geese could continue north.
This year, whatever snow line existed was essentially gone by early March and the bird migration advanced north with little hindrance. It was a good reminder for hunters and even those of us with a wildlife management degree how a combination of factors can influence when and where snow goose will migrate.
The lack of sheet water in eastern North Dakota, as opposed to past years, shifted at least some of the migration more into central North Dakota. Many snow goose hunters jotting down a day of leave from work, tend to target April more than March, but all the planning in the world can wind up a bust as the birds have their own agenda. It's a reality check, and a good reminder to always have a "plan B."
Fortunately, this year that plan B could have been a day of open water fishing.
In terms of fish, I've always kept one eye on our fisheries crews and another on the calendar, as their pressing spring work is a moving target for getting the pike and walleye eggs needed to supplement stocking needs for North Dakota fisheries. While taxes are due April 15, give or take a day depending on where it lands on the calendar, North Dakota Game and Fish Department fisheries crews simply can't designate a date to begin setting nets.
Pike spawning typically takes place in early to mid-April. Last year, extensive snow and lake ice kept fish and our crews at bay until almost May, putting pressure to get the job done even more rapidly.
This year, crews for the first time took pike eggs in March.
In the end, fisheries and wildlife biologists are left to react to varying sets of circumstances. Habitat, atmospheric temperature and field conditions all have an influence.
Some wildlife or fish may even benefit from early nesting or spawning. While deer fawns will be born in May or June just like always, regardless of the spring weather, young fish may have their first growing season extended by a few weeks, and resident birds hatched from early nests may be a bit more mature when winter comes, which would be a good thing if winter 2012 looks more like 2010 than 2011.


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- New
HP DeskJet Ink Advantage 5275 All-in-One Printer
- Print, copy, scan, fax, photo
- 1 Hi-Speed USB 2.0; 1 WiFi 802.11n (dual band)
- Up to 1250 pages
Reviews & Feedback
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Product Q&A
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- All your Q&A posts are available in My Page > My Shopping Talk > My Q&A History.
- Once seller replies, you will be notified by email.
- Your posts may be removed and PrestoMall reserves the right to suspend your account if inappropriate contents are found;
- Any implication of direct trade / discounts with your contact number, email address, or any offline contact point.
- Any indication of libel/defamation, inappropriate price comparison, unrelated ads, etc.
Exchange & Return Policy
Seller's Information
|KSD Store
|Shipping from
|Return/Exchange address
|Notice on Return/exchange
|Refund Policy
To be eligible for return, if the item received by customer was already damaged before it used by customer, received wrong item or malfunction item kindly return with original goods packaging and the return content must be complete without missing any single item as you received it
You have 7 calendar days to request return any item from the date you received, if you having an issue above with the items you received.
Your item needs to have the receipt or proof of purchase
Refund will not be paid if the goods received by the customer are not satisfied after the goods have been used.
All gadgets : 7 days from date of purchase , 1 to 1 exchange.
After 7 days, will forward to service centre for warranty claim.
Warranty will be depend on PRODUCT, all warranty information will be put on packaging list.
Accessories : No warranty unless stated.
Contact us for support :
Email support : [email protected]
Whats App and Wechat Support : 012-7035161 / 07-2222781
(Duty Time: Mon-Fri 11am -9pm Off Duty: Weekend and Public Holiday)
PrestoMall Return/Exchange Policy
- Cancellation
- Request for cancellation if product has not been dispatched after payment completion.
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- Return
- Request for return within 7 calendar days following delivery date.
- Check seller's approval on buyer's request.
- Buyer sends product in question to seller.
- Seller receives and checks returned product.
- Seller approves return and return is completed.
- Strictly no return or refund for E-voucher.
- Exchange
- Request for exchange within 7 calendar days following receipt of delivery.
- Check seller's approval on buyer's request.
- Buyer sends product in question to seller.
- Seller receives and checks returned product
- Seller send new product to buyer, and buyer receives it, and exchange is completed.
- No exchange for E-voucher purchased.
How to Request for Cancellation/Return/Exchange
- You can request for cancellation after completing payment and if product has not been dispatched by then, cancellation request is approved and you can receive refund.
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Leo T. Fong
Methodist Minister, Martial Artist, Fitness Coach, Filmmaker
Leo Fong was born in Canton, China and immigrated to the United States at the age of five years old with his mother to join his father in Widener, Arkansas where he ran a small grocery store. He is a graduate of Forrest City, Arkansas High School. He received his Bachelors of Arts degree in Physical Education from Hendrix College, Conway, Arkansas, a Masters of Theology degree from Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas, and a Masters of Social Work from University of California in Sacramento, California.
His martial arts journey began at the age of 7 years old on his first day of school. Being the only Asian in school, a group of students surrounded him at recess and began to sing racial slurs at him. When he returned home, his father asked him, "How was school?" Young Fong replied, "Great! Everybody likes me. They even sang to me." The father asked, "What did they sing?" He replied, "Ching-chong Chinaman." The father turned red in the face and said to Leo, "They don't like you. Don't you know they are making fun of your racial heritage?" Next day at recess, the playground teacher organized a softball game and Leo was designated to play first base. One of the kids hit a single and ended up on first base. He looked at Leo and remarked, "Chink!" Without hesitation Leo punched him in the nose, knocking him to the ground. The playground teacher grabbed Fong by the neck, spanked him and sent him to the office where he had to stand in the hall for two days while the other students taunted him. Unlike his cousins who dropped out of school because of racial intimidation, Leo choose to remain in school and fight. As he encountered other bullies, Leo developed an affinity to fighting which landed him in the principal's office regularly. During this time, there were no martial arts schools in Arkansas so Leo sought out the American fighting style – Western Boxing. At the age of 12, he bought a boxing book, "The Fundamental of Boxing" by Barney Ross, the former world welterweight champion. Leo read the book from cover to cover and then he hung a pillow in his room as a punching bag and proceeded to follow the instructions in the book. The instructions he practiced from the Barney Ross book helped him refine his punching skills and he was able to defend himself quite effectively. He learned early on from the instructions in the book that the left jab and left hook were very effective punches. Bullies who came to him with racist attitude and aggressive wild swings were destined to be knocked out by jabs and hooks. He learned early that a left jab could set up for a left hook or a right cross and with those three punches Leo Fong prevailed against school ground bullies. He had his first formal boxing match at the age of l5 years old and while he lost a close decision, he learned much from fighting in front of an audience. After graduating from High School, Leo enrolled in Hendrix College in Conway, Arkansas to study for the ministry. It was at Hendrix he joined the boxing team and received his first formal boxing lessons from an old professional fighter by the name of Kirby "KO" Donoho. In his first year of competition Leo won 7 of his first 8 fights and he scored 5 first round knockouts – all with his left hook.
In his second year in college, Hendrix College decided to disband its boxing and wrestling programs but the local National Guard Unit in Conway, Arkansas invited Leo to join their team. Leo won 5 fights that year with Company G, and also reached the Finals of the Arkansas State AAU Tournament. Leo scored one of the quickest knockouts of the tournament in his quarterfinal fight. He won the second fight by a decision and lost a close decision in the finals to a boxer he had beaten previously in college competition. After his 1950 AAU Tournament competition, Leo continued to compete in three other events; two college tournaments of which he won both by knockouts and the Southwestern AAU Tournament. At the Southwestern he scored a first round knockout, won on a forfeit and was knocked out in the finals. It was after the knockout that Leo decided to retire from competition. The following summer Leo was hired by the Dallas Board of City Missions of the United Methodist Church to work as an athletic director at Rankin Chapel in West Dallas, Texas. He developed a very strong boxing team at Rankin and some of the members won regional championships in their first year in competition even though none of the boxers had any boxing experiences before Leo's arrival at the center. After graduation from Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas, Leo was assigned a church in Sacramento, California. This was 1954. While driving down K Street in Sacramento, Leo noticed a sign on the window of a Dance Studio that read: "Jiu-Jitsu School". Leo stopped, ran up the stairs and met Bill Luke, the owner who was also a dance instructor. Luke said he had trained under a Judo instructor by the name of Bruce Teagner. Leo trained with Luke for over a year until Luke relocated to Southern California. Then, Leo heard that there was a Judo program at the Sacramento YMCA so he joined the Y and enrolled in the Judo program. The instructor was Bob Bendicts and Leo received a green belt under Bendicts after over a year of Judo training. In 1958, Leo was speaking at the Jones United Methodist Church in San Francisco, California and after his speaking engagement he went to Chinatown to have lunch. By chance he saw an elderly Chinese man standing on the corner of Jackson Street and Grant Street in Chinatown and he asked the old man if there were any Kung Fu schools in the area. The old man replied, "There's one down there near the park, and one up there near the Baptist Church on Waverly Place." Leo asked him which one is the best and the old man laughed, "It's up to you. An old man runs the one near the park. The one up near the church is run by a younger man." Leo decided to go with the old man near the park because he thought the older man would have more experience. It was there in a cellar basement kwoon that Leo met Choy Lay Fut Grandmaster Low Bun. That first meeting with Grandmaster Low Bun was an interrogation session as the old man wanted to know the reason that Leo wanted to train in Gung Fu. Finally after about 30 minutes of questioning, Low Bun agreed to train Leo in Choy Lay Fut. Leo commuted to San Francisco Chinatown every Friday evening for over three years, until one evening someone suggested he should check out the Sil Lum School. He and a friend went to the Sil Lum School and at the school there was a student standing in front of the mirror doing forms with small dumbbells in his hands. When he finished, he turned around and introduced himself to Leo and his friend Jimmy Ong.
This was James Yimm Lee. He talked for a little while and then invited them to join the club. Although Jimmy Ong did not join, Leo did and this was the beginning of a friendship with Jimmy Lee that eventually led to the meeting of Bruce Lee. In the meantime, Leo had met a Tae Kwan Do instructor at Sacramento State University, who held a 4th Degree Black Belt. He agreed to train Leo and two other friends who worked for the Sacramento Fire Department. After three years of training, the instructor (Chong Yuk Yong) graduated from Sacramento State University and decided to return to Korea. Leo continued to commute from Sacramento to San Francisco every Friday to train with T.Y. Wong at the Sil Lum School until Jimmy and Professor Wong had a falling out over ten dollars. Jimmy told Leo about the incident and said he was quitting the club. Jimmy said that he would be starting a class in his garage in Oakland and that Leo was invited. Leo followed Jimmy and trained in his garage until 1962 when Jimmy told Leo about a young Gung Fu expert named Bruce Lee who would be appearing at Wally Jay's Annual Luau in Oakland. When Leo found out that Bruce was only in his teens, he was skeptical of his ability. However, at the demonstration, Bruce quickly erased any doubts about his fighting skills, as he demonstrated his speed and explosiveness on several volunteers from the audience. The following Monday after the Luau, Jimmy invited several martial artists to his house to meet Bruce. Leo was present in that small gathering. Thus was the beginning of a ten-year relationship with Jimmy and Bruce until both of their deaths. During the intervening years, Leo, Bruce and Jimmy had many discussions about martial arts and martial artists. Bruce was particularly fascinated by Leo's boxing skills and his position as a professional minister in the United Methodist Church. On one occasion Bruce asked Leo why he trained in so many system of Gung Fu and Leo responded that he was looking for the ultimate. Bruce smiled and said, "Man, there ain't no ultimate. The ultimate is in you" (as he pushed his index finger on Leo's chest). Leo was a little confused at the point so Bruce then elaborated. He said to Leo, "With your boxing skills, learn a little grappling, learn how to kick, learn some trapping and you will have the ultimate." As Leo thought about what Bruce said, he immediately remembered the words of the Gospel in which Jesus said, "The kingdom is within you." Little did Bruce realize how much influence those words would have on Leo's life journey as well as his martial arts journey.
Leo had an incident at the Choy Lay Fut School which spurred him towards martial arts liberation. Leo had traveled from Stockton to San Francisco for his weekly Friday class when one of the Family Associations called Grandmaster Low Bun to mediate a nasty fight (Low Bun was also the enforcer for the local Family Associations or Tongs). When he hurried out, Leo was training with one of the senior students name Willie, who asked Leo if he would like to spar. Leo did not understand what he wanted. Willie explained to Leo that they should free spar. Leo explained that he did not know how to spar in a traditional Gung Fu style but he will just do what he knows best; rely on his boxing. Then, Leo and Willie began to move around the room. Willie was in a hard horse stance, trying to hit Leo with the wide sweeping Choy Lay Fut punches, while Leo just moved laterally and stuck Willie with his left jab, occasionally hooking off the jab. After the session, Leo was not convinced he had dominated Willie and he thought Willie was holding back. When Leo told Bruce what had happened, Bruce said, "Hey, man he wasn't holding back. He didn't know what to do. Do you think a 'dry land swimmer' can beat a boxer, wrestler or judo man?" Bruce's observation was an epiphany experience. Leo began to look inward rather than outward and he began to let go of the need to train at five different styles of martial arts to find the ultimate. Bruce encouraged Leo to seek his own truth and he reminded him many times that a good teacher is one who points the finger to the door but does not go in with the student. The student must enter in and discover for himself what is truth.
Leo also had an impact on Bruce and his martial arts style – Jeet Kune Do, as Bruce began adding the boxing punches and approach to fighting. At the class in Jimmy's garage, Bruce had everyone getting into classic the Bae Jong stance of Wing Chun with the lead hand high and the rear hand low (by the solar plexus). Leo told him that he didn't like the position and Bruce said "What do you prefer?" So Leo got into the modern American boxing stance with his lead hand low and his rear hand by his cheek. Bruce took one look at him and said "I like it because I can't trap you lead hand." And then Bruce just walked away and let Leo train that way. Over the next few years, Bruce completely changed his primary fighting stance and eventually adopted more of a boxing stance as his own.
There are many controversies over the birth of Jeet Kune Do and many of the second and third generation practitioners believed JKD was born in Los Angeles. Leo dispelled the myth that it was born anywhere else except in Oakland. In the middle 60's, a Kung Fu instructor by the name of Wong Jack Mon immigrated to San Francisco to teach Northern style Kung Fu. He was also employed at the Jackson Café in Chinatown as a waiter and it didn't take long for the word to get out through the Kung Fu grapevine that Wong Jack Mon was one tough fighter. Even one of Leo's close Wing Chun friends, Lucky Chan of Sacramento said that Wong Jack Mon had the "vibrating punch." When he hit you, the Chi will vibrate all the way through your body and leave you helpless, much like a Taser Gun. Leo told Bruce about this and he said it was just a lot of B.S. Eventually, one event led to the next and one of Wong Jack Mon's friends brought the news to Bruce that Wong Jack Mon wanted to challenge him. The messenger (who instigated the bad blood and was also a Kung Fu practitioner) fueled the flame, going between San Francisco and Oakland with "he said that and etc." Finally, Bruce ran out of patience and told the messenger to tell Wong Jack Mon to come over to Oakland and settle it once and for all. The match was to be held at a Kwoon on Broadway Street in Oakland that Jimmy and Bruce had rented for training. When the group arrived, Wong Jack Mon had about ten students with him and he immediately wanted to discuss rules. Bruce said, "Hell with rules. Let's fight." They squared off but as soon as Bruce advanced, Wong Jack Mon turned and ran around the room. Finally, Bruce caught up with him in a corner of the room, grabbed his throat and was about to finish him off, when Wong Jack Mon yelled out in Chinese that he wanted to give up. Bruce made him say it in front of his ten students. Leo was in Stockton at the time since it took about 2 hours to drive to Oakland so Leo missed the fight. After it was over, Jimmy called Leo and told him that Bruce could not catch the coward. During the fight,Wong Jack Mon scratched Bruce's neck as he ran around swinging his arms. When Bruce got on the phone, he said to Leo "Man I need more angles. The forward blast is limited against a mobile target." Leo suggested to Bruce "Go boxing, Bruce – hooks, uppercuts and crosses." The following week when Leo arrived for his weekly training, Bruce was in Jimmy's basement practicing a repertoire of punches on a glove hanging from a chain. Bruce was moving around like Muhammad Ali and he began the creation of his art called Jeet Kune Do.
After moving to Los Angeles, Bruce Lee negotiated with Mito Uehara, the owner of O'Hara Publications and Black Belt Magazine to have Leo write "Choy Lay Fut" and "Sil Lum Kung Fu," and these are the first books ever written in English on these styles. Bruce Lee was also the editor, history researcher and choreographer for the application sections of these books. In fact, Bruce and Leo stayed up late into the night together one evening, as Bruce took each section of the classic Kung Fu forms and broke them down into fighting applications. Leo says that this is an example of Bruce's generosity and that he wanted his Kung Fu brothers to have their moment in the spot light, as Bruce also negotiated for Jimmy Lee's book on Wing Chun. Bruce then arranged for Leo to be on the cover of the 10th anniversary edition of Black Belt magazine, but at first, Leo declined. When Bruce insisted, Leo asked him "Why do you want me to be on the cover?" and Bruce told him "Because I think it's cool that you're a martial arts expert and a minister – it's like the old monks in China." Bruce also asked Leo to be a Jeet Kune Do instructor with Jimmy but Leo said no because he wanted to concentrate on his training and his work as a minister. Furthermore, before Bruce passed away, he told all of his students to stop using the name Jeet Kune Do and to find their own truth. He did this because he was becoming very famous and his name and the name Jeet Kune Do were being abused but more importantly because he believed that JKD was his own personal journey. He told all of them not to imitate him and seek their own way of expressing themselves and the cause of their own ignorance.
After the death of Bruce Lee, there was a void in martial arts and cinema. Bruce was such an overpowering personality that his sudden death left the world in disbelief, however, the death of one phenomenon often is the breeding ground for another. In 1974, Leo received a call from a producer in the Philippines who had read his books and seen the 10th Anniversary edition of Black Belt Magazine with Leo on the cover. The producer offered Leo the lead role in two of his upcoming films. At first, Leo declined the offer but he eventually accepted and in December of 1973, he traveled to Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan and finally to the Philippines to visit movie studios and get a sense of what filmmaking is all about. In January of 1974, Leo and Ron Marchini, his business partner and friend arrived in the Philippines to begin filming Leo's first movie, ever, "Murder in the Orient" aka "Manila Gold." Although the two American Martial Artists got the star treatment in the Philippines, the movie was a disappointment, but Leo decided to remain in the Philippines for another year to pursue further film work. After returning to America, Leo went on to star in over sixteen movies and directed, wrote and/or produced six films including the very successful "Killpoint" co-starring Cameron Mitchell and Richard Roundtree. During his time in the Philippines, Leo traveled back and forth to Hong Kong from Manila to visit various Gung Fu schools. However, Leo selected a Thai Boxing Gym, owned by a Thai boxer by the name of Fong Yeh, for his daily training while in Hong Kong. It was during one of these visits that Chaplin Chang, the Production Manager for "Enter the Dragon," suggested that Leo get an interview with The Hong Kong Martial Arts Magazine. On the way to the hotel to meet the writer, Chaplin asked Leo what he called his style. Leo could not give him an answer because he had trained in so many different systems. Chaplin suggested to Leo, "Why don't you call it Wei Kuen Do." Leo looked at Chaplin and asked, "What is that?" Chaplin replied, "The way of the integrated or assimilated fist." He went on to explain that "wei" means stomach and all food is processed in the stomach. Leo immediately liked the name Wei Kuen Do because after growing up in the Southern United States, he believes in integration and because the name shows his connection to Bruce without being an imitation of his close friend's style. Then, in 1976, Leo wrote the book "Wei Kuen Do – the Psycho-Dynamic Art of Free Fighting."
Leo Fong eventually decided to create his own publishing company called Kononia Publications and has written over 20 books on Martial Arts training and philosophy including the very popular "Hitting Without Getting Hit", "Power Kicking", and "Winning Strategies for Karate and Kung Fu". Long before training videos were popular, Leo produced numerous 9mm training films as well as published and produced numerous bookss and videos by a variety of top martial artist.
While he was living and working in the Philippines, he became a close friend and student of Remy Presas, the founder of Modern Arnis. Then when he moved back to Stockton, he became a student of Angel Cabales, the founder of Serrada Escrima and over the years Leo developed his own style of Philippine Stick Fighting called Modern Escrima. More importantly, he has integrated the footwork of Escrima into Wei Kuen Do and this has evolved the style to an all new level. He also attributes the structure of the curriculum to Angel because he was excellent at organization and this has enabled him to create a simple yet complex formula. Leo has black belts or instructor level status in Choy Lay Fut, Sil Lum, Wing Chun, Tae Kwon Do, Tang Soo Do, Karate, Arnis, Escrima, Judo, Jujitsu, Wrestling and he's synthesized the various systems he learned into his own approach which he calls Wei Kuen Do - " The Way of the Integrated Fist ". In 1996, Leo Fong received a 10th Degree Black Belt and the title of "Supreme Grandmaster" from Grandmaster George Dillman, Grandmaster Wally Jay, Grandmaster Remy Presas and Dillman's Karate Institute International. Among his teachers are: Angel Cabales, Bruce Lee, James Y. Lee, Chong Yuk Yong, Remy Presas, Low Bun, and T. Y. Wong.
Leo Fong also became well known for his cutting edge weight training and co-authored the books "Power Training for Karate and Kung Fu" and "Advanced Power Training" with his friend and business partner Ron Marchini. During his years in Sacramento, Leo became a close friend and student of Bill Pearl, a body building and weight lifting champion.
Today Leo Fong is devoting his full-time to developing the concepts of Wei Kuen Do. Now that Leo is almost 80, he has taken all his knowledge of Gung Fu and Chi Gung and combined it with his knowledge of weight training and modern fitness and developed a unique style of training called Chi Fung. This approach was specifically designed for seniors but it's really great for everyone. Chi Fung looks like Tai Chi or Chi Gung with light weights and fitness calisthenics. He sees a strong connection between the physical skills and spirituality. It is the spiritual dimension that can take the average martial artist to a high level of proficiency. All great masters have it; Bruce Lee is one of the greatest martial artists that ever lived because of his spiritual and philosophical depth. Others such as Judo Founder Jigoro Kano, Karate Founder Gichin Funakoshi, and Aikido Founder Morihei Ueshiba reached the spiritual level. Ueshiba once said, "When an opponent attacks, I move my mind." Anyone who has seen films of the great master deflecting a series of multi-attacks will realize indeed his mind was at work rather than just his body. Kano was able to throw opponents much bigger and stronger than him because his spiritual depth was so rooted that he was super sensitive to his opponents' energy.
Wei Kuen Do finds its roots in Bruce Lee's Jun Fan Jeet Kune Do, Angel Cabales' Serrada Escrima, Western Boxing, and also Choy Lay Fut, Sil Lum, and Wing Chun Kung fu. Leo has taken from each art the most practical for reality fighting and integrated into his approach. Now, Leo Fong is focusing on all the spiritual elements that can help a martial artist to develop refined skills so in a combat situation a person can hit without getting hit, fight without fighting, transcend size, strength, and stamina. Wei Kuen Do develops the inner skills that will help a person to overcome and transcend some of life's difficulties and adversities. Wei Kuen Do is more than a fighting art; it is a way of life. After over 50 years of practice in various forms of martial arts, Leo has synthesized life experiences into one single approach in combat and in the totality of life.
The ultimate focus in WKD is to strive to reach a spiritual and Zen state whereby you can express all physical and technical skills like a "voice and an echo." Wei Kuen Do is best described as an experience rather than a system or style. The highest form of fighting is when you reach a spiritual or Zen state. All great masters such as Morihei Ueshiba, Jigoro Kano and Gichin Funakoshi, reached a spiritual dimension and Zen state in their martial arts journey. Ueshiba once said in reference to an attacker, "I just move my mind." The great Master had reached that mental state where he could control a negative situation with his inner being rather than physical skills alone. The highest level of proficiency is to reach a state of "effortless efficiency", fighting without fighting, and going from no form to form and then back to no form.
Leo Fong credits his association with Bruce Lee for much of his insight into the conceptual aspect of the martial arts. He gives total credit to his understanding of Jesus Christ for his tremendous inner growth. "When I discovered the connection between Christ and Wei Kuen Do, it was then that I realized Jesus Christ was the greatest Martial Artist in the history of the arts. Martial arts proficiency must be developed from the inside out, it must have a Spiritual root, or else the physical techniques will only be superficial without depth of power and penetration. The most damaging and destructive techniques are delivered with emotional content, right on the target without effort." After 33 years, Wei Kuen Do is beginning to crystallize as an effective and efficient approach to life as well as combat. As one looks back at the history of WKD, it can trace its roots to Western boxing and to individuals such as Jimmy Lee, Remy Presas, Bruce Lee, Angel Cabales, Low Bun, T.Y. Wong, Chong Yuk Yong and many others who have made a deep impression on Leo Fong. Integration is not about practicing several different styles at once, but it is about process and the ability to build on one core foundation and from that foundation integrate that which is useful and express it as a single unit. That is integration. It is much like a practicing Christian whose life is built on his belief in Jesus Christ and empowered by the force of love, who is able to go to any religious service and not be intimidated or overwhelmed by that particular environment. Leo Fong has deep convictions about total integration in terms of his martial arts ability to transcend life challenges both in the ring, the dojo and in the life arena.
Many martial artists who are skillful in defeating another opponent lack the skill to successfully defeat or overcome what life throws in front of them. It is not enough to merely get into peak physical condition. It is important to be spiritually, emotionally and mentally peaked. "How do you choke-out depression?" "How do you punch-out uncontrolled anger?" "How do you kick-out anxiety?" "How do you deal with death?" "How do you control addiction?" You cannot offer a physical solution to a spiritual problem.
As previously mentioned, the ultimate focus in WKD today is striving to reach the Zen or Spiritual Zone and spontaneity is the key to effortless proficiency. To reach the level where the practitioner can express himself or herself as easily as one does driving a car or eating a meal, takes years of training. WKD strives to teach the practitioner how to become the technique rather than do the technique. To enable a person who is taking his first step toward mastering WKD, Leo Fong has structured each component into a series of techniques and drills. Each section is interdependent of the other. One cannot reach the level of freedom and expression until they have mastered the ten angles of attack. The angles are the alphabet of fighting. Once a student masters the angles of attack he will have the capability to create his own "composition." The principles that make the angles of attack work are the same guiding principles that can help you as a human being transverse daily life.
Leo Fong once said, "WKD is a process, always changing, growing, always striving but never quite arriving. A person must learn to adapt to the changes that will always come."
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