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For the Glory of the Marines: The Life and Legacy of Major John Pitcairn
Major John Pitcairn of the British Marines is an historical personage that many of my friends have been acquainted with through my novel-in-the-making, The Third Charge of Crimson, which features him as a main character. Even before reading my scribblings, many of them probably already read his name in American History texts covering the American Revolution and that fateful day at Lexington Green when "the shot heard round the world" was fired. My fascination with the man has been long in gestation, as there has always been something so colorful and daring about him, so inescapably paradoxical and yet also unflinchingly heroic, and also slightly tragic as he became an early casualty of a war that would tear apart two peoples and change history forever…
John Pitcairn was born in 1722 in the bustling port town of Dysart, Fife in the Lowlands of Scotland. His parents, Rev. David Pitcairn and Katherine Hamilton, were both members of the gentry, and through them, he could claim blood relations with Robert de Bruce of Scotland, Edward III of England, Viscount Stair, "The Father of Scottish Law", and various other prestigious personages. His father had served as a military chaplain for the Scottish Cameronian Regiment under Colonels Lord Stair and Ferguson during the War of Spanish Succession.
The regiment had a prestigious history and distinctly religious origin, dating back to when Presbyterians were finally readmitted into the military under King William III after an era of persecution against anyone who refused to acknowledge the reigning sovereign as the Head of the Church, in the Episcopal tradition . Proud of the 17th century Scottish Covenanters who signed a "Covenant" in defiance of King Charles I at Greyfriars when he attempted to meddle in affairs of the Kirk, the regiment continued to hand out Bibles to its members as a matter of time-honored tradition.
After his term of service expired, Rev. Pitcairn had settled down in Dysart where he raised his large family and served as Presbyterian minister of St. Serf's Church for some fifty years. John was the youngest surviving member of the family. The Pitcairns lived in the manse (minister's house) near the old harbor on the Firth of Forth. Not far from that were the historic caves where St. Serf himself was said to have spent time in prayer and meditation, and at one point wrestled the devil himself!
The medieval church building and adjoining tower were historic monuments, and the latter had often been used to ward of English pirates making their way up the Firth of Forth. But living in the old manse was not easy for Rev. Pitcairn, who often complained of its dilapidated condition which did little to keep out the bitter seaside weather. But the old veteran was of sturdy stock, and held his post with firm resolve.
The combination of Rev. Pitcairn's past military service and being reared on the doorstep of the sea seemed to have had an effect on his youngest son, and in his early 20's John Pitcairn joined 7th Marines of Cornwall. This was a rather unusual move, as he had breeding and money to purchase a commission in any one of the most affluent army regiments. But the young man seems to have been repelled by the idea of a desk job and determined to be in the heat of the action, even if that meant slow promotions and the possibility of being disbanded as the Marines often were. Pitcairn became an enthusiastic advocate of making the Marines a permanent feature of the British military, saying that he had "a great desire to convince everybody of the utility of keeping a large body of Marines, who are capable of acting either by sea or land as the public service requires."
In 1746, the British Marines were called to action by the government to confront the threat of Bonnie Prince Charlie and his Jacobites who had marched through Scotland and into England the previous year, winning unexpected victories as they went. For John Pitcairn, as a staunch supporter of the Hanoverian government, it must have been rather unnerving to know that the rebels had managed to capture Edinburgh – not a far cry from his home-town and family by any means. But the scare was ended when the Jacobites met with brutal defeat at the hands of government troops on Culloden Moor outside of Inverness. While the Highland rebels dealt with bloody reprisals by the Duke of Cumberland and his troops, the marines were disbanded to save the Admiralty "unnecessary" expense. We can easily surmise Pitcairn was not thrilled.
But life moved on, and he soon married Elizabeth Dalrymple, a well-to-do relative of Lord Stair, his father's old superior. It was a good match, certainly in light of upper-class breeding and financial security. And it seems likely that the marriage was not loveless either, as John and "Betty" went on to have a total of ten children together, six sons (David, Thomas, William, Robert, Clerke, and Alexander) and four daughters (Annie, Katherine, Joanna and Janet). The eldest son, David, eventually became a physician for the Prince of Wales, the future King George IV. Thomas joined the Royal Artillery. William followed his father into the Marines. Robert joined the Navy and was the first to site Pitcairn Island in the Pacific before he and his ship were lost at sea. Clerk died in childhood, and Alexander went on to become a barrister in London. All the girls married into high-born military families.
When the Marines were finally reestablished permanently in 1755, Pitcairn had his rank of lieutenant reconfirmed. A year later, he was promoted to a captain. During the Seven Years' War, Pitcairn served in the New World theatre on board the warship H.M.S. Lancaster which took part in the capture of the French fortress of Louisburg in 1758. Back in Britain, the Pitcairn Family moved about quite a bit — Dysart, Edinburgh, and Kent were all home bases at different points, and it seems as though Mrs. Pitcairn returned to Dysart to give birth to several of her children. Due to the slow-moving process of promotion in the Marines, it took until 1771 for Pitcairn to be made a major. Ironically, the date of his promotion was April 19, a date which would be forever connected with him for another event yet to take place.
In 1773, the unrest in Boston over the direct taxes levied on the American Colonies by British Parliament resulted in the destructive demonstration known to history as the Boston Tea Party. The British government responded by closing Boston Harbor until the citizens paid for the ruined tea. To ensure the submission of the Bostonians, British troops were sent to the port city, including 600 Marines under the command of Major John Pitcairn. He initially found himself caught in a standoff between General Thomas Gage of the British Army and Admiral Graves of the Royal Navy with regards to who held rank over the Marines. This caused multiple delays in scheduling, and prevented the Marines from landing until Pitcairn's insistence persuaded the commanders to disembark them in small groups and quarter them in private residences via the hated Quartering Act.
As a staunch Scots Tory, Pitcairn's personal attitude towards the colonists' plight was markedly unsympathetic, and he advocated taking a firm hand with the rabble-rousers. Infamously, he wrote in a letter that he believed that a decisive action and "burning two or three towns" would be the only way of putting the situation to rest. He also boasted that such an ill-organized rabble would never be able to sustain any meaningful resistance against the King's Arms, and that would run "before I can pull my sword from the scabbard." But in spite of being brusque in many instances, there was another side to his rather complex character.
After being billeted in the home of Francis Shaw, a Patriot merchant in the residential area of North Square in Boston, Pitcairn managed to win them over on a personal level through his courtesy and genial charm. Later on, the Shaws would have another very important reason to like Pitcairn. When the major's aide, Lieutenant Wragg, insulted the Patriot cause, their teenaged son, Sam, threw wine in his face and a duel almost broke out between them. Another British officer might have had the young man arrested for technically attacking the lieutenant, or otherwise just let Wragg take care of him in his own way. But Pitcairn, a father of many sons himself, intervened to defuse the situation and let the boy go with a tacit warning.
As representative of martial law on North Square, Pitcairn helped settle disputes between soldiers and civilians, organize street-sweeping committees, assemble a fire brigade (sweet irony, considering his threats of fire and sword!), and other necessary duties that prevented a break-down of civic order during the British occupation. Through it all, he endeared himself to the people with whom he dealt because of his integrity and good-humor in spite of the often strained circumstances. One citizen of Boston called him "an amazingly gentle man", and insisted that that "he was perhaps the only British officer in Boston who commanded the trust and liking of the inhabitants." Even the Patriot propagandist, Rev. Ezra Stiles, said that he considered him to be "a good man in a bad cause." The major also seems to have one over his next-door neighbor Paul Revere, who is said to have painted a portrait of him on horseback.
Pitcairn held social gatherings at the Shaw House, where he broke tradition by inviting an assortment of military friends, family members (including his sons, William and Thomas, and son-in-law Charles Cochrane, the youngest son of the Earl of Dundonald, all of whom were in military units stationed in Boston), and opposition locals to the same event, presenting them with the opportunity to discuss their differences in a civilized manner. In essence, he turned a private salon into a rough equivalent of a modern-day block party! It seems more than likely that Pitcairn's own sarcastic humor and wry wit thrived in this atmosphere of initial tension and unusual comradery.
In an official capacity, Pitcairn made an impression on his marines through his hands-on leadership style. He was a strict disciplinarian and demanded excellence, but led by example and maintained the same high standards in his own comportment. Ever active, he received daily reports from his battalion commanders, personally oversaw drilling, struggled to ascertain needed supplies from the high command, accompanied the marines on long marches into the hostile countryside, and at one point even lived with his men in the barracks (a drastic step for an 18th century gentleman officer) in order to assure regularities were observed and to prevent the practice of selling their kit to buy "cheap Yankee rum", which not only made them drunk, but poisoned several of them. "Depend on it, my lord, it will kill more of us than the Yankees", he wrote in a letter to the Earl of Sandwich.
Pitcairn was certainly not a person to cross, although he was generally humane in his treatment of those under his command, using the punishment of flogging only as a last resort, and even then with some distaste. He was also occasionally willing to spare the life of deserters. This, of course, did not stop him from verbally disparaging them for their lack of discipline (he promptly dubbed them "the animals"!) and over the problem of their height (for some strange reason, the marines recruited really short men, earning them the mocking French nickname "le petite grenadiers", and Pitcairn found it difficult to fit them with proper uniforms!). Nevertheless, he showed himself to be a conscientious leader who was concerned for their individual welfare and would make gestures on their behalf, such as writing a letter to the Earl of Sandwich seeking monetary assistance for the "worthy but unfortunate under my command". They earned respect for their tough, tenacious commander and came to view him as something of a surrogate father and embodiment of their fighting spirit. In time, he did turn them into an effective fighting force.
Being the son of a preacher evidently had some lasting effects on his character, for he attended church services every Sunday out of a strong sense of moral obligation, and rented a pew for himself and the rest of the Pitcairn Family Clique at the Anglican Old North Church. Although he may have shown signs of piety on the Sabbath, he was infamous around town and in his regiment for swearing like a marine (go figure…) during the rest of the week! Needless to say, he was quite convinced that Divine Justice was on the British side of the political tension, and referring to the rebels, commented: "Poor deluded people! God open their eyes." In a twist of history, Old North Church, would go down in history as the church that had two lanterns hung in the bell-tower to signal Paul Revere to begin his Midnight Ride.
Pitcairn officially secured him place in the pages of history when he volunteered to go on a secret expedition as second-in-command to Colonel Francis Smith. The mission statement from General Thomas Gage was to arrest the rebel ring-leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock and then to proceed to Concord and capture or destroy a cache of ammunition the rebels were said to have hidden there. It was an odd mission for Pitcairn to go on, since there were no other marines present. However, it seems as if he was craving some action and this presented a juicy opportunity to have some. His eager-beaver attitude the day before the mission probably alerted his Patriot hosts that something was amiss from the start. Beyond that, the Patriot spy network had other sources of information, almost certainly including General Gage's American wife, Margaret. Thanks to Paul Revere and his fellow riders of warning, by the time the British reached Lexington Green on the morning of April 19, 1775, the Patriot militia had already turned out with guns in hand to confront them.
This is where history gets a bit hazy. I won't go into every "who-dunn-it???" theory in the books, but basically it seems that Pitcairn, commanding the advance guard, road up to the rebel militiamen and demanded that they lay down their arms, famously shouting, "Disperse, ye rebels! Disperse! Why do ye not lay down your arms? Disperse or ye are all deadmen!" Some took the hint and started to disband, but Pitcairn had orders to capture their weapons and ordered his men to surround and disarm the militia. Then an anonymous shot (or shots) were fired, and the British soldiers opened fire without orders from their superiors. Pitcairn and his fellow officers claimed that they did all in their power to stop the firing but could only put an end to the melee when a drummer was located to beat recall and Colonel Smith arrived at the scene. Whoever fired "the shot heard 'round the world", the beginning of the American Revolution was underway, and Pitcairn would be branded as the first villain of American mythology.
After the skirmish at Lexington, the British moved on to Concord to hunt for the ammunition cache. In the course of the search, a townsperson slapped Pitcairn across the face, and he in turn wound up knocking down a tavern owner who refused to be cooperative in the searching process. Then the major proceeded to order breakfast and a brandy at the same tavern, and was unexpectedly conscientious about paying for everything. However, apocryphal legend insists that while stirring his brandy with his finger, he growled "I hope to stir the Yankee blood like this by night fall!"
The epic house-by-house search came to naught because the Patriots had been forewarned and hid most of their cache in the woods. Only a few barrels of gunpowder could be found, which the British burned in a bonfire in the center of the square for dramatic effect. The blaze accidentally caught fire to the courthouse, and the British soldiers and townspeople alike temporarily joined forces to put out the blaze. But the militia, which had snow-balled in numbered since Lexington, saw the smoke rising from the town and the British were burning it. Upon this currently incorrect although not implausible notion, they charged the bridge at Concord and another skirmish broke out.
By now, the British were severely outnumbered and virtually surrounded. Pitcairn, realizing the trouble brewing, sent a messenger back to Boston for reinforcements. However, confusion ensued when General Gage, who seems to have been unaware that Pitcairn had volunteered for the mission, sent a message to the Shaw House ordering him to take his marines and relive Colonel Smith! It took about an hour of searching Boston before everyone realized that Pitcairn had gone to Concord, and Sir Hugh Percy was put in his place at the head of the reinforcements to rescue them.
Meanwhile, rebel snipers were harassing Colonel Smith's columns from behind trees, walls, and hedges as they attempted to get back to Boston. Eventually, the colonel himself was wounded, and the command devolved to Pitcairn, who rallied his wavering ranks and ordered a counter-attack on the rebels in the woods. But a volley grazed his arm and wounded his horse, which threw him to the ground and bolting into the American lines, taking with it his prized pistols in the saddle bag. They would be presented to American General Israel Putnam, who carried them for the remainder of the war.
When Pitcairn fell, his men assumed he was dead and order completely collapsed. It was every man for himself in a pell-mell route to escape the range of the rebel marksmen, and their semi-conscious leader was left to shift for himself. Even after coming to, he had to play dead so as not to attract the attention of nearby Patriots who were quite gleeful at the idea of having killed him. When they finally left, he staggered off in search of his scattered ranks, and was relieved to discover that Sir Hugh Percy had finally showed up with reinforcements – including his "animal" Marines – and cannons.
After the subsequent street fighting in towns along the route back to Boston (which tragically including some of the first atrocities of the war as independent bands of soldiers gunned down civilians, looted valuables, and torched homes), the British troops managed to limp back to Boston and cross back over the River Charles from whence they came. In keeping with his character, Pitcairn was the last man to get in the boats ferrying them across. But if the British thought the skirmishes could be easily forgotten, they were wrong, and they soon found themselves bottled up in the city by Patriots who took possession of the high ground overlooking Boston. For two months the opposing sides watched each other warily, knowing that a full-scale battle was inevitable.
On June 17, 1775, the British launched three assaults on the Patriot positions on Breed's Hill (later mistaken by historians for nearby Bunker Hill). The first two were repulsed with horrendous casualties, faced down by the same General Putnam who now was armed with Pitcairn's pistols and had given his soldiers the famous order "Don't fire till you see the whites of their eyes!" The third British charge saw Major John Pitcairn leading his marines up hill, brandishing his sword, and urging them on, "Hurrah, the day is ours!" Then their lines almost got entangled with another British regiment being driven back by heavy fire from the American redoubt. "Break and let the Marines through!" Pitcairn bellowed, and threatened to "bayonet the buggers" if they would not give the Marines right of way!
The summer heat was beating down mercilessly, but when one of his captains complained of it, the major reprimanded him, saying "Soldiers should enure themselves to any hardship. They shouldn't even recognize heat and cold." Pitcairn was wounded twice by stray shot, but still he refused to quite the field. For his whole life, he had championed the necessity of his service branch, and he knew that this was their moment to shine. He shouted over the din of battle in his distinctive Scottish burr, "Now, for the glory of the Marines!" Then four more musket bullets smashed into his chest (multiple persons were credited fired one of the shots, including Peter Salem, a freed slave fighting with the rebels, and a certain British deserter who Pitcairn had previously spared from execution). He collapsed into the arms of his horrified son, William, who carried his father off the field, as his men looked on in shock. Laying him in a boat to ferry him over to Boston, he kissed his father for the last time before returning to the battle. The Marines took the hill as Pitcairn lay bleeding to death in a house in Boston.
General Gage, not wanting to lose such a valuable officer, sent his personal physician, the loyalist Dr. Thomas Kast, to attend to him. He was still in his 20's, around the same as Pitcairn's own doctor son, David. Still conscious, the major told him that he appreciated the gesture but he should not to bother with him since he was bleeding internally and was beyond help. Kast asked him where he the wound was. Pitcairn put his hand to his chest. The doctor suggested the wound might not be mortal and tried to turn down the sheet, but Pitcairn kept his hand firmly over the wound. Only after expressing the personal concerns on his mind – and swearing his innocence with regards to the Lexington incident – did he allow the doctor to try and dress the wound.
But when he removed Pitcairn's waistcoat, it tore open the wound and his blood flowed freely, staining the floorboards. Within a couple of hours, in spite of Kast's efforts, John Pitcairn was dead at age 53. His son William was seen wandering through a street after the battle, covered in blood. When someone approached to help him, he haltingly explained that it was not his blood but rather his father's. "I have lost my father," he murmured, close to tears. Some Marines nearby added, "We have all lost a father." His regiment wore black bands on their arms for six weeks after his death. One marine officer wrote: "The loss of our Major Commandant was not only a loss to his Family as one of the best Husbands and Fathers, but a great loss to the Marines and the Army in general as a brave soldier and an excellent officer."
General Gage said he counted Pitcairn among those officers under his command who "exerted themselves remarkably." King George III, when informed of the story, wrote of him, "That officer's conduct seems highly praiseworthy." General John Burgoyne said he thought the story of Pitcairn's death at the height of the battle would make a wonderful painting. In fact, it later did, in the form of John Trumball's epic historical painting, The Battle of Bunker Hill, in which Pitcairn's son David posed as his father, since was said to have the most resemblance. His brother Thomas posed as his brother William, who had since died of a fever during the war. Pitcairn's son-in-law Charles Cochrane also would become a casualty of the war when he was beheaded by a cannonball at Yorktown. His wife Catherine, traumatized by the both the death of her father and husband, also lost two her infant children while waiting for Cochrane's return in New York.
Major Pitcairn's body was interred at Old North Church, his parish in Boston, not far from where Paul Revere would later be buried, assuring that the two would be neighbors in life and death. One of the fatal bullets and his uniform buttons were sent back to his wife Betty and their two youngest children, Janet, aged 14, and Alexander, aged 7. Ironically, one of his grandsons would eventually immigrate to the newly founded United States and exert the Pitcairn charm to woo and win the hand of young lady whose own grandfather had been one of the minute men who had fought the British at Lexington and Concord! In 2002, a memorial plaque was raised in Dysart, Scotland in honor of Major Pitcairn, recognizing him as a heroic native son who fell in battle far away from home.
Major John Pitcairn was a man of many facets and paradoxes. In my exploration of his character over the course of my novel-writing, I have come to deeply respect his courage in battle, competence in his responsibilities, and humanity towards those under his command and even those who were opposed to him. He was tough as nails and willing to use force to achieve the desired result, but he also managed to win the personal respect of friend and foe alike. He swore profanely, but also charmed proficiently. He seems to have had a close bond with his family and a sense of duty that made him both devoted his king and country and a practicing Christian. He also left a proud legacy of honor for those who served and continue to serve in the Royal Marines, now a standing force in the British military.
In the process of hunting for information on Major Pitcairn, I have come into contact with a variety of fascinating and helpful people from both sides of the Atlantic. I am especially grateful to have befriended Carol McNeill of the Dysart Trust, author and local historian, who, with her Scottish wit and charm that gives me a glimmer of the real Pitcairn, continues to supply me with a wealth of information on "Our John's" native town. I am also pleased to have corresponded with the late Jim Swan, also of the Dysart Trust, the late Anne Watters of the Kirkcaldy Civic Society, Les Soper, Pitcairn reenactor, Matthew Little of The Royal Marines Museum, and Dr. Marianne Gilchrist of Glasgow, a prolific Pitcairn enthusiast and creator of the online historical site, "Whistle World". I've also had the pleasure of speaking with Sheila Pitcairn, who has confirmed that one of Major Pitcairn's direct descendents, her grandson Ryan Pitcairn, is currently serving in the Royal Marines. Hence, the tradition really does live on.
By Rosaria Marie


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GBPUSD: GBPUSD targets further price build up following its temporary bottom on Wednesday. It looks to extend its recovery towards the 1.5196/99 zone. On the downside, support lies at the 1.5100 level where a break will turn attention to the 1.5050 level. Further down, support stands at the 1.5000 level. Below here will set the stage for more weakness towards the 1.4950 level. Conversely, resistance stands at the 1.5150 level with a turn above here allowing more strength to build up towards the 1.5200 level. Further out, resistance resides at the 1.5250 level followed by the 1.5300 level. Its daily RSI is bullish and pointing higher suggesting further strength. On the whole, GBPUSD targets further price build up towards its resistance zone at 1.5196/99.
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"Constitution USA With Peter Sagal," the new PBS series about the country's ever-disputed founding document, tests an important constitutional principle: that the framework for a federal government, drafted with high hopes and noble purpose back in 1787, can be taught via flush toilets, marijuana buds and a public-radio host riding a Harley.
The four-part series — directed by Ken Burns collaborator Stephen Ives and hosted by Peter Sagal of "Wait Wait ... Don't Tell Me!" — aims to create another framework, one in which the relentless contemporary discussion about the Constitution's meaning and intent will have an actual basis in knowledge.
We can rail about the Second Amendment or Obamacare's alleged intrusion on states' rights, goes the show's line of thinking, or we can sit back and become informed first. And then rail some more, but perhaps in slightly different, more nuanced language.
To that end, PBS is giving the series, which premieres Tuesday, the tent-pole treatment, making it one of the most heavily promoted and widely carried shows on public television this year, along with the likes of "Downton Abbey" and Burns' latest documentary, "The Central Park Five."
To some degree, the program sets itself an impossible task. Professors teach yearlong courses on tiny parcels within the entire landscape "Constitution USA" attempts to cover. Telling the nearly 4,500-word document's history and highlighting important moments in its development, all while underscoring contemporary resonances, will be, by definition, reductive.
But, with Sagal stepping before the cameras as an engaged Everyman, it's a brand of reductive storytelling that is entertaining enough to bring the information home. He tells an old Jewish joke about eternal arguing within a congregation because it reminds him of the country's endless debate over the Constitution. To a Montana gun-rights advocate, he says, "I say this as a man who owns, like, six bicycles, but why does a man need so many rifles?" His manner, as on the radio show, blends wit, knowledge and likability and justifies the inclusion of his name in the title.
The Harley — purchased for the series at a Villa Park Harley showroom and to be auctioned off after the series airs — acts as a metaphor for an idea of American freedom some in the series say has been slipping away with recent constitutional interpretations. But it's also utilitarian. Sagal, a motorcycle rider in young adulthood who renewed his license for the sake of the series, chugs up to the homes or offices of his interview subjects, rides with helmetless Harley aficionados and even carries a former Obama administration environmental regulator on the Harley's back across the Golden Gate Bridge.
While the series would like you to believe Sagal, of Oak Park, rode all around the country learning about the Constitution, what really happened, of course, is the Harley was driven or carted all around and the host rode it in the vicinity of the interview subjects or such illustrative pit stops as the Hoover Dam. Still, as transitional devices go, the big bike beats the heck out of, say, the conjunctive adverb.
Parts 1 and 2, which were available for preview, detail the battle over federal versus state power and the history of the Bill of Rights. There are individual moments that feel preachy and oversimplified, reminders that the series' makers — who also include producer Amanda Pollak and writer Jaime Bernanke (who got an assist from Sagal) — intend the program to live on in schools, as a teaching tool.
But when many members of the public still confuse the Declaration of Independence with the Constitution, it's hard to imagine how you get this material across without a few remedial moments. These are dressed up with often engaging, occasionally befuddling Monty Python-style graphics. (Why is Patrick Henry pictured with a modern-era sandwich?)
Other nimble touches abound. Sagal interviews a law professor about free speech limits in a setting often cited in such discussions, a movie theater. One of the women who integrated Little Rock, Ark., schools is reunited with a soldier who, under federal order, protected her. A member of the Arizona Leathernecks Motorcycle Club pulls from his leather jacket a pamphlet-sized copy of the Constitution, just as a Yale law scholar did from his pants pocket earlier in the series.
The Yale professor, Akhil Reed Amar, is the go-to professor on the Constitution, apparently, and when he compares the adoption of the Constitution to the Big Bang and says it is "the most democratic deed in the history of planet Earth," the words are stirring. But Amar, in subsequent appearances, never becomes the show's Shelby Foote, the kind of interpreter whose deep passion and knowledge are able to excite an audience as Foote did in "The Civil War."
At least in the first two episodes, the series' stronger moments are spent with people living real-life constitutional moments: the California pot vendor caught between state and federal law; Chicago public defender MiAngel Cody, who asks if Sagal has seen "Grey's Anatomy" and says, "My job is like being an emergency room lawyer"; the dead serviceman's father who brought, and lost, the Supreme Court case seeking to ban the Westboro Baptist Church (the "God hates" people) from protesting at other military funerals.
The explanation of why this last was an 8-1 decision — no matter its political makeup or popular sentiment, the court has been consistently protective of freedom of speech — is clear. But so is the follow-up, which saw states, and then the federal government, writing new laws to protect military funerals and private citizens pitching in by shielding mourners from catching a glimpse of the Westboro clan, whose views, apparently, are rooted in a belief that U.S. military deaths are divine punishment for tolerance of homosexuality.
There are many more such illustrative moments in the series, which will air over four consecutive weeks and was shot during several months in 2012. Collectively, they describe a living document that has to be admired for its ability to withstand constant tugging from every direction. But it's also one that could stand some basic clarification. With its clear and playful mind and keen eye for the telling example, "Constitution USA" is just that explainer, TV's answer to massive open online courses.
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'Constitution USA With Peter Sagal'
Tuesdays at 8 p.m., WTTW-Ch. 11


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Son Doong cave, discovered by a local 18 years ago, is more than 200 meters wide, 150 meters high, and at least 6.5 kilometers long, though the explorers said they were unable to explore it fully. Bristish explorers have recently discovered that So Dong is much larger than the world's biggest known cave. The biggest section of Son Dong is five kilometers in length, 200 meters high and 150 meters wide, said Howard Limbirt of the British Cave Research Association team searching the area April 10-14, 2009. Son Dong is much larger than Deer Cave in Malaysia, currently considered the world's largest, an explorer said (Deer is 90 meters wide, 100 meters high and 2 kilometers long). The Son Doong cave has replaced to take pole position as the world's largest cave.
The Son Dong is situated below another cave in Phong Nha-Ke Bang, though its entry passage is very difficult to traverse. The exploration team said they had set foot on just 6.5 kilometers along the cave, as there is a large amount of fast flowing water inside Son Dong. It takes explorers six hours of walking through a 10 kilometer long forest path from Truong Son Highway to reach the mouth of Son Dong cave. The explorer added that the Quang Binh cave has beautiful stalactites and stalagmites that are not seen anywhere else.
Phong Nha-Ke Bang grotto system belongs to the Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park. It is a limestone region of 2,000 square kilometers in Vietnam and borders another limestone area in Hin Nammo in Laos. When describing the newly-discovered cave, the team's spokesman, Haward Limbirt, said that it was a thing of overwhelming beauty and grandeur. He added that each grotto has its own beauty, but he is impressed by Ca Xai. This cave is near the Vietnam-Laos border. It is very deep and has a big lake inside. Explorers measured the depth of this lake, but they had only 200m of rope and the end didn't reach the lake bed.
The British team suggested to the local authorities not to develop Son Doong Cave as a tourism site immediately to preserve its natural beauty.
More Vietnam Destinations:
- Ha Long Bay – a magnificent magical destination
- Ninh Binh province – a huge tourism potential
- Perfume Pagoda (Chùa Hương) – "the first ranking Southern grotto"
- Tam Coc-Bich Dong, "South second nicest grotto"
- Lai Chau – a beautiful mountainous land
- Sapa, the fanciful town in fog
- Hoi An Old Town – an ancient Beauty of Vietnam
- Mỹ Sơn Holy land – a masterpiece of Chăm Architecture
- Quang Tri and the Demilitarised Zone
- Vinh Moc Tunnel – a famous Vietnam's historical relic
- Da Lat – a flowerful town of romance
- Ben Tre – huge potential of ecological tourism in Vietnam
- Coconut palms, the symbol of Ben Tre
- Floating markets – the outstanding in Mekong Delta
- Van Phong Bay, impressive and unforgettable...
- A mysterious, charming lady-like land...
- A tranquil destination for visitors!
- The Mekong Delta in brief
- Beautiful sceneries in the Central Highlands
- Dai Nam Van Hien, Vietnam's first safari park
- The immense pride of Ninh Binh's inhabitants
- Enjoy Sa Dec Flower Gardens!
- My Tho fruit market
- Ba Li Stream, a new destination
- Sam Mountain - a place of pilgrimage for the Vietnamese
- Oc-Eo Remains Site
- Ton Thanh Pagoda – the national vestige
- Binh Ta Archaeological Vestiges
- Beautiful birds in Bac Lieu
- Hon Khoai Island, primeval and interesting...
- Song Ngu – an interesting island!
- Cu Lao Cham, the beautiful offshore island
- Hoa Lu Ancient Capital
- Nguom Ngao Cave with masterpiece in stone
- Spectacular Tien Son Cave
- Da Lat flowers
- Bac Ha Market, feast for the eyes!
- Nhi Thanh Grotto
- Hai Van Pass
- Son Tra Peninsula
- Travelling to Mui Ke Ga, unforgettable experience...
- Ghenh Da Dia


text:
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text:
I'm trying to track down some articles for an imprisoned comrade.
1. He's looking for articles in Scranton, PA papers from march 4-6 , 1980 dealing with Russell Maroon Shoats' escape from Fairview State Hospital.
2. The text of a piece by Jalil Muntaqim entitled "On the B.L.A."
Thanks in advance!!


text:
LAMBERTVILLE - Several hundred people gathered to pay tribute to Sarah Majoras on Saturday.
One week ago Majoras went missing on her way home from a night out at John & Peter's bar, where she also worked.
The 39-year-old was considered a fixture at the bar which is a local hotspot for the communities on either side of the river.
Majoras' body was pulled from the D&R canal after a four day search led by police and aided by a grassroots effort to locate her.
On Saturday, friends, family and community members gathered in the Lambertville station parking lot near where Majoras' body was recovered.
The hour-long memorial paid tribute with candles and a selection of Sarah's favorite music. Friends braved the cold to show their love and honor a member of their community.
Officials investigating her death do not suspect foul play in Majoras' death and are calling it a tragic accident. It remains unclear as to how the 39-year-old ended up in the canal.
The case remains open and the prosecutors office asks that anyone with information is asked to contact the Hunterdon County Prosecutor's Office at (908) 284-6162.


text:
Carpenters Helpers
Other names for this job might include Beam Builder Helper, Building Carpenter Helper, Cabinetmaker Helper, Carpenter Assistant, Carpenter Assistant, Installer, Carpenter Helper, Carpenter Mate, Carpenter's Helper, Carpenter/Labor, Carpenters Helper
- $29200Salary
- 63%Job satisfaction
- EasyBecoming one
- HighJob growth
Helpers of Carpenters: Know It All In 1 Minute
Table of Contents
2. Salary
3. Requirements
4. Pros and Cons
5. What Is The Job Like
6. Is This Right For Me
7. Related Careers
In this career summary, you will find out what the job of A Helpers of Carpenter is about and what it is like.
After reading this, you will have a good idea on what the job is about and decide if this is the right career for you.
Job description
Carpenters Helpers help carpenters by performing duties requiring less skill. Duties include using, supplying or holding materials or tools, and cleaning work area and equipment.
- Clean work areas, machines, or equipment, to maintain a clean and safe job site.
- Fasten timbers or lumber with glue, screws, pegs, or nails and install hardware.
- Perform tie spacing layout and measure, mark, drill or cut.
- Select tools, equipment, or materials from storage and transport items to work site.
Become one
Interested in becoming A Helpers of Carpenter? Find the right schools that can help you to become one. This service is free thanks to our sponsors.
Helpers of Carpenters with little to no experience tend to make between $19280 and $22560 while the more experienced ones make over $34310 per year.
|Top 5 paying states
1 of the easiest ways to increase your salary as A Helpers of Carpenter is to move to a higher paying state like HI. Right now, the highest paying states for Helpers of Carpenters are HI, MN, AK, MA and DC.
However a higher pay at HI doesn't guarantee that you will make more because the living expenses at HI might be 2x higher than where you are currently at now.
3 other factors that can increase your salary as A Helpers of Carpenter is the degree you hold, the industry you work in and lastly the company you work for (bigger companies like the Fortune 500 companies tend to pay more).
We asked other Helpers of Carpenters what degree they had when they got the job and most of them said they had a High School Diploma followed by No degree.
Other than that we also asked them what did they major in and here are the most popular majors that came up.
|No degree required
Another popular question from our readers is what makes A Helpers of Carpenter successful or would they be good in this career.
Well, we found that most successful Helpers of Carpenters have these 5 skillsets.
|Active Listening
|Critical Thinking
|Social Perceptiveness
In addition to that, 1 common characteristic among successful Helpers of Carpenters is they are good at Cooperation. Here are the top 5 common characteristics.
|Attention to Detail
Pros and Cons
Here are some reasons why you should and shouldn't choose A Helpers of Carpenter as your career.
|Suitable for people who likes practical and handson work
|Suitable for people who values relationships between coworkers and customers and wants to work in a friendly noncompetitive environment
|This career is perfect for people who love to work outdoors.
|It is easy to get into this career. Some previous workrelated skill, knowledge, or experience is required for this career.
|Normal working hours (40 hours per week)
|Not suitable for people who likes to help and teach others
|One of the lowest paying jobs
There will be pros and cons for all jobs. The point is how much do the pros outweigh the cons to you.
A pro to you might be a con to Bob. A pro to Bob might be a con to you. We suggest reading about this career framework that can help you to find out what type of careers are right for you.
What is the job like
On a normal working week Carpenters Helpers work 40 hours per week.
63% of Helpers of Carpenters said they were satisfied with their job and 56% said they feel like their job is making other people's lives better.
Is this right for me
You can read more about these career personality types here.
People who are suitable for this job tends to like work activities that include practical, hands-on problems and solutions. They like working with plants, animals, and real-world materials like wood, tools, and machinery. Many of the careers require working outside, and do not involve a lot of paperwork or working closely with others.
They also like following set procedures and routines. They like working with data and details more than with ideas.
How we can help
Start your journey to be A Helpers of Carpenter
Yes, I'm sure
Trusted by over 50,000 fans [easy-followers title="" nofollow="1″ total_type="text_before" columns="2″ template="tinycolor"]
Career type Construction and Extraction
Green Increased Demand
Green Construction
Other Careers Like This
Help Others Out
Learn more about Helpers of Carpenters
|Summary (You are here)
|Job Description
|Is This Right For Me
Study To Be A Helpers of Carpenter
Related to Carpenters Helpers Career Information
Carpenters Helpers job description, Carpenters Helpers salary, Carpenters Helpers information, what is the job of a Helper of Carpenter like, pros and cons about Carpenters Helpers, colleges and universities for Carpenters Helpers, is Helpers – Carpenters the right career for me, Easy careers to get into, careers in Construction and Extraction
Additional resources
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text:
Product Details
L8 Treadmill Highlights
Soft styling enables the L8 treadmill to blend into any environment, but don't be fooled by its refined looks and whisper-quiet operations. The L8 treadmill features a four-horsepower continuous-duty drive motor ranging in speed from 0.5 to 12.0 mph. The rust-free aluminum frame contains a 1-inch thick reversible deck, capable of reaching a 15% elevation.
The High-Tech Entertainment Center comes standard on the L7 change to L8 Treadmill. Included is an integrated reading/accessory rack; iPhone, iPod or MP3 connectivity with Landice PodGrip™; a personal cooling fan; high-powered stereo speakers; and a convenient water bottle holder.
Landice is the industry leader in treadmill shock absorption. Our VFX Shock Absorption System is based on medical research to provide optimum comfort, smoothness and reliability while reducing the risk of injury. Five-times softer than grass, it is designed for runners and walkers seeking significant impact reduction.
Our exceptional quality starts with our solid, superior aluminum frame which will not rust.
- 4 HP continuous duty drive motor
- 1000 pound-thrust elevation motor
- Rust-free aluminum frame
- Cast aluminum side rails and end-caps
- 3 1/2" diameter, 22-pound steel rollers
- Four-ply treadbelt
- 1-inch thick reversible deck
- 30-amp motor control electronics
- 35″ x 83″ footprint
- Shipping weight: 435 pounds
- Voltage: 110 VAC, 60Hz, 15A
- Choice of four control panels
- 0.5 to 12.0 mph speed range
- 15% grade electric elevation
- 22" x 63" running area
- 500 pound user weight capacity
- Integrated reading / accessory rack
- iPod pocket with Landice PodGrip™
- iPod, iPhone, iPad or MP3 connectivity
- 100 decibel stereo speaker system
- Safety Lanyard
- Standard VFX shock absorption


text:
The second 'Comic Book Question of the Week' has now come and gone. This week, I asked who you would want to see as Robin. A scenario was provided where the Boy Wonder left on his own terms, therefore making it fairly reasonable to believe Wayne would be okay with finding a replacement for his partner's tiny boots.
377 Viners voted and it was a close race between Harper Row -- the girl we believe will likely one day be a part of the Bat-family -- and Stephanie Brown, the fourth Robin. In the end, the community made it clear: they want to see Stephanie Brown in The New 52 and they'd love to see return to the Dark Knight's side as Robin again.
I must admit, I'm surprised Cassandra Cain didn't receive more votes. There's been plenty of demand to see her appear in The New 52, but I guess the thought of Stephanie Brown patrolling the streets once again with Batman is just too fun of a thought to resist.
It's too bad she wouldn't be able to interact with Damian if she did come back, though... they had such great moments together when she was Batgirl.
That said, I voted for Hit-Girl. I by no means think she'd be the "best" choice -- not by a long shot, actually -- but seeing Wayne try to reform her lethal methods as he takes her under his wing would be incredibly amusing. Although, if we're aiming for the most amusing, Doc Ock in a tight Robin costume is disturbingly hilarious...
Here's the voting results:
- Stephanie Brown: 19.6%
- Harper Row: 19.4%
- Tim Drake: 14.6%
- Cassandra Cain: 14.1%
- Hit-Girl: 13.8%
- Michelangelo: 8.0%
- Wally West: 5.3%
- Doctor Octopus: 2.4% (his lack of votes is disturbing)
- Jubilee: 1.6%
- Prowler: 1.3%
Viners, would you want Stephanie Brown to be the next Robin or did you vote for someone else? Don't forget to check back Tuesday for the next 'Comic Book Question of the Week!'
Gregg Katzman is a freelance writer for Comic Vine and IGN Entertainment. This is the part where he shamelessly plugs his Twitter page in hopes of getting a new follower or two.


text:
My grandfather didn't work in video; he was a writer, but he had one useful piece of advice that can apply to anyone working in any creative field. He used to tell me about his student years at the New School for Social Research in New York, how so many of his fellow students spent their time hanging out in coffee houses and talking about the great American novel that they were going to write someday. The only problem was that most of them never got around to writing anything they were too busy talking about these amazing future plans to ever put them into action!
That same fate befalls many fledgling video creators. It's especially difficult for people working in video because video is a collaborative effort — you're not only relying on yourself, but also on a whole team of cast and crew members whom you can only hope share your same passion and dedication to the project. And there's no denying that if an artist finds a blank canvas daunting and a writer is terrified of confronting that first blank page, then a video creator must feel that same emotion one hundred fold when contemplating the start of a new video project.
A movie is incredibly difficult to make at every stage and, unlike many other art forms, people will know immediately if you know what you're doing. An artist might be able to claim that his rushed work represents his "unique style" and a writer might claim some jumbled prose is "experimental," but as a video creator, you know that no one will be convinced if you that your muffled sound quality or poor lighting is a conscious stylistic choice. No wonder so many people feel a little intimidated about getting started. Like those coffeehouse writers, they've got big plans but just can't seem to get started. Maybe they're nervous talking those first shaky steps, maybe they're not sure what they need to do to get off the ground.
Regardless of the whys and whatfors, Videomaker is dedicated to being that reality check to help any newbie stop spinning their wheels. It may be scary but, with a little knowledge, it's amazing what you can do. That's really the amazing potential of video. Anyone can make video and it only takes a little bit of practice and gumption to make a good one.


text:
Penn State Bans 'Sweet Caroline' at Football Games
The Jerry Sandusky scandal at Penn State had many innocent victims. First and foremost are the young boys abused by Sandusky, then there are the current and future Penn State players and students who will suffer for years under the weight of the NCAA punishments. And now you can add Neil Diamond to the casualty list.
Penn State announced Monday that it would be ending its long-standing tradition of playing the Neil Diamond classic 'Sweet Caroline' during games because university officials felt it wasn't the best move in light of the scandal to have a stadium full of people singing "touching me, touching you" at the top of their lungs.
Probably a smart move on Penn State's part as they try to rebuild the university's image. And for a program as steeped in tradition as the Nittany Lions, this probably won't be as noticeable a change as, say, putting players' names on the backs of their jerseys. But it shows that the fallout from the Sandusky scandal is far from over.
And not even Neil Diamond is safe.


text:
Collection: Garcia Sabate Spain
Stock status: Stock Product
Stock status: Stock Product
|Toll Free
The KamKor European Furniture store located in Toronto and sales modern and baroque style bedrooms, leather sectional sofas and comfortable armchairs. The leather furniture from will known Europeand Brands will complete your living room with Dupen luxury bedrooms, hall units and mirrors. Shop our leather living room gallery to find the leather sofa set you want. KamKor Furniture store presents kid's furniture.
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|Modern living space furniture
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|Sectional leather sofas
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|ALF Group bedroom furniture
|Outdoor patio furniture
|Sofa beds with storage
|Mattresses and wooden frames
|Domitalia comfort living
|DUPEN furniture Spain
|New furniture in stock


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Scott P. Richert is editor at large for Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture, and Publisher for Our Sunday Visitor. He holds an M.A. in political theory from the Catholic University of America. He has been published in, among others, The Family in America, This World, and Humanitas. He is the Catholicism Expert for About.com.
The Word Remains
Sufficient to the Day
Returning to Earth
Life Is Not a Fantasy
Picture This
Pontius Pilate, Ora Pro Nobis
Quod Scripsi, Scripsi
A Generation in Need of Editing
Drain the Swamp
Hungry Heart
The Telegraph and the Clothesline
Can We Talk?
Alien Nation
The Quest for Community
Welcome Back, Potter
Freedom From Obligation
Get Big or Get Out
Chronicles of Culture
Breeding Mosquitos
East of Eden
Make Yourself at Home
Man Up
Economy and Independence
Rockford in the Springtime
Power to the People!
The End and the Beginning
What the Editors Are Reading
Celebrity Politics
A Man of the People
Abortion in the Age of Trump
Why Fake News Matters
Politics and Sports
Faking It
What the Editors Are Reading
Carrier, Congress, and Cronies
Taking Back the Culture
A Confederacy of Dunces
Trumped-Up Document Dump
To Drone or Not to Drone
Our Corner of the Vineyard
Incalculable Rewards
What the Editors Are Reading
Dos to Tango
Of Sam and Siddiqui
Taking Care of Business
Islam, Period
Supremely Uninterested
Abortion's Triple Crown
Trump and the Stakes of Power
A Big Beautiful Horse
The Devil You Know
The Ties That Bind
What the Editors Are Reading
Sometimes a Flower
Let America Be America
Un Hombre, Un Voto
A Necessary Realignment
Economic Patriotism
What the Editors Are Reading
Trump Vindication
Iowa's Odds
The Cheap Trick of Whiteness
Keep Your Powder Dry
Thoroughly Modern Muslims
Bernardino and Islam
R.I.P., Mr. Chairman
Release the Klan(s)!
What the Editors Are Reading
Sharpening the Swords
Burning Bright in the Darkness
The New Nationalism
What the Editors Are Reading
Missing the Forest
Laudato si
The Color of Money
Watch This Space
Dig Deeper
It's Just Business
We Came to Fight the Jihad
Clash of the Iconoclasts
Justice for All
Big Brother, Little Sisters
The End of (a) History
Returning to Reality
Begging the Question
Late Autumn Light
Excessive Misery
Coming Home
The (Mis)Information Economy
Robert Bork, R.I.P.
The Devil You Know
Meet Me at Mary's Place
The United States of Generica
Stand My Ground
Looks Can Be Deceiving
That New Car Smell
The Heart of Darkness
A Good and Faithful Servant
Bread and Circuses
Picking Apples
The Gales of November
Running in Circles
Weiners and Losers
Experiencing the Horse
Slip-Slidin' Away
Free Fallin'
Oh I Wish I Was in Dixie
Bedpan Industry
A Tale of Two Cities
Starting at Ground Zero
To Secede or Succeed?
Who'll Stop the Rain?
Walk Like an Egyptian
Tea Bags: A Cautionary Tale
You Say Ásátru, I Say Shoresh
For the Children
Insuring Profits
Gloom, Despair, and Agony on Me
The Bubble Economy
A Hard Habit to Break
Don't Stop Thinking About Tomorrow
An Arresting Moment
A Cautionary Tale
Coming Home
Manufacturing Our Future
The End of Manufacturing
Of Sycophants and Soliloquies
All Local, All the Time
The United States, In Congress Assembled
Now He Knows the Rest of the Story
Meet Rod Blago
Everything in Its Place
Hot Rod Lincoln
Detroit City
Losing Our Minds
The Audacity of Dopes
Catholics and Sarah Palin
Diversity Is Our Strength
Lighting Candles
Summertime Blues
What's Good for Rockford Acromatics
If My Daddy Could See Me Now
Tan, Rested, and Ready
The Vanishing Middle (America)
Three Coins
The Words of Muhammad (PBUH)
You Read It Here First
Inside the Gates
In the Garden
The New Math: 66 < 60
Trusting Whitey
A Light Out of the Dim
A Highly Personal History
Just an American Boy
When You're Alone, You're Alone
Immanentizing the Eschaton
Imagining the Permanent Things
Blue Christmas
By Their Fruits
Are the Good Times Really Over?
What Lies Beneath
Life in a Border Town
A Third Way
Pro-Life Principles
Shades of Blue
Exercising Veto Power
Black Like Me
Not Fade Away
A Few Bad Men
Truth and Consequences
Home, Sweet Home
Unjust Compensation
True Love Ways
Think Locally, Act Locally
Truth of Blood and Time
Revitalizing Rockford
Welcoming Muhammad
Master of Your Domain
Things That Go Bump in the Night
Eternal Memory
It's Morning Again in Rockford
Peace in the Promised Land
If You Can't Beat 'Em . . .
Three Strikes and You're Out
If We Make It Through December
Bleeding Red, Feeling Blue
Abortion on the Rise
Becoming Native to This Place
Polka Can't Die
Rolling Home to Rockford
An Honest Mistake
Master of Your Domain
One Moment in Time
The End of the Innocence
Russell Kirk and the Negation of Ideology
Strictly Business
Trust(s) in the Media
A Wal-Mart in Every Town
Last Ride
This Is the Time to Remember
One City, No Leaders
Do You Feel Safer Now?
Fiddling While Rockford Burns
Imposing Tariffs
Consumption Taxes, Property Rights
The Road to Hell
Always Dead Downtowns. Always.
Snatching VICTORY From the Jaws of Defeat
Calling Bill Donohue
Ain't Goin' Nowhere
A Nightmare on Elm Street
The Perfect Storm
Christ and History
Giving the Devil His Due
Stemming the Tide
Where the Blacktop Ends
War Is Hell on the Homefront, Too
Small Is Beautiful
This Is Your Hometown
A Road to Nowhere
We Are All Socialists Now
I'm Not a Number
The Cohn Zone
The Bells of St. Mary's
One More Such Victory . . .
Ethnic Cleansing
Cui Bono?
De Profundis
"Think of the Children!"
Giuseppe Sure Knows How To Live
Through A Glass, Darkly
Robbing Paul to Pay Paul
Ghosts of the Midwest
There Goes the Neighborhood
Consuming Ourselves
"Bless the Lord, All You Works of the Lord"
From Here to Eternity
Just Another Tequila Sunrise
The Tower of Babble
Breakin' Up Is Hard To Do
Death at the Wal-Mart
Free at Last
Not in Your Back Yard
For Keeps!
A Month in the Life of the Industrial Midwest
I've Got a Secret
True Reform
Chaos and Community
Mr. Wilson's Wars
It Ain't Over 'Til It's Over
In the National News
Beyond Consilience
A Hot Topic
Rockford School Case
Stumping for Votes
"Go, Pat, Go!"
Magistrate Mahoney Or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Started Homeschooling
Banning Assisted Suicide
Our New Circus
Bulgarian Conference
The GM Strike
Of Steak and Suicide
Rockford Schools Controversy
Latest Rallying Cry
Turning Tide
The Multicultural Lie
Chronicling the Fall
Goes Hand in Hand
A Potent Symbol
The Ruby Ridge Saga Continues
"Racial Balance"
New Cops on the Block
Today's Political Buzzword
Us vs. Them
Under Siege
His Final Lesson
"Child Care"


text:
American comic book fans live for Wednesdays. That's the day the new issues arrive. Every major American comic book publisher uses a single distributor, Diamond, to ship boxes of their latest releases to roughly 2,200 comics retail stores across the country. The shop owners—or their minions—put that week's crop of Batman or X-Men or Buffy the Vampire Slayer on the shelves, and then the fans arrive. A lot of them go to the same store every week, where they have a "pull list" on file, books they've asked to be set aside so they'll never miss a single pulse-pounding issue. It's a tradition.
To be more specific, it's a dying tradition. The Wednesday crowd is the old-school audience, collectors who are willing to shell out $3 or $4 for a stapled-together pamphlet that they'll put in a plastic bag with acid-free cardboard and store in a long white box. Those customers have been trickling away for years.
But that's OK, because about two decades ago publishers picked up a second category of customers. These newer readers generally prefer the classier term graphic novel and would rather buy their comics as squarebound books. They might pick up a stack of them five or six times a year, rather than chasing issues every week. That was just fine with publishers, especially the industry's 8,000-pound super-gorillas Marvel (owned by Disney) and DC Comics (owned by Time Warner). For them, graphic novels meant that decades' worth of back catalog could generate income again and provide an entrée into bookstores.
A third group of readers has come along even more recently: Internet- savvy young fans who download pirated versions of everything. At first the comics industry didn't pay much attention to this new generation. Unlike the music and movie businesses, comics experienced an unprecedented boom in the mid-2000s, thanks to the rise of graphic novels, as well as manga from Japan. Besides, the fan-made scans of new issues that showed up online, usually just a few hours after the print versions arrived in stores, were kind of a hassle to download and read on a computer. The unwieldy nature of the whole process made the print-comics industry feel as though digital comics, legit or otherwise, weren't worth the trouble.
Then Apple introduced the iPad. Its touchscreen is just a bit smaller than those staple-bound pamphlets and looks a lot cooler. For comics fans, the new device was a lot like Dr. Manhattan in Watchmen: naked, glowing, and powerful beyond comprehension. Now the comics industry is slowly, agonizingly, belatedly backing into digital distribution, but with a deeply unusual goal in mind: to push digital customers toward brick-and-mortar stores for long enough to make sure the business can survive its forthcoming, unavoidable mutation.
Comics, as it happens, look magnificent on tablets. But no one in the comics industry is really ready for what that magnificence implies. Sales of periodical comics are falling, and there's no iTunes Store equivalent to sell them digitally—no single place where readers can buy all the comics they'd ever want, old and new, to read on their tablets. (Fans can still download them in pirated form, of course.)
David Steinberger, cofounder of comiXology, would like to change that. Launched in 2007, comiXology was initially an online pull-list management service designed to be used by both retailers and readers. In 2009, it introduced a digital-comics reader for the iPhone, with just 80 titles from independent publishers (in comics-speak, "independent" means neither Marvel nor DC). Many similar apps appeared around that time, but comiXology's came with a nifty feature that automatically jumped from panel to panel, making the most of the iPhone's small screen.
In the past two years, though, Marvel, DC, and Image (publisher of The Walking Dead series) all tapped comiXology to create branded apps for the iPhone and iPad. The company essentially built digital stores so the big publishers didn't have to. That move turned comiXology into the Hulk in a room full of Daredevils. It wasn't part of the original plan, but comiXology's history of working closely with brick-and-mortar stores on pull lists gave it an edge with publishers. "We were in the weirdest position of any digital-comics company," Steinberger says. "We were already connected with the retailer."
So comiXology's tech was able to satisfy the publishers' main criterion for a digital presence: Don't mess with the stores. Unfortunately for fans, though, that means that Marvel and DC readers can buy shockingly few new single issues for download—it's mostly classics and compendia. Releasing new comics digitally, goes the theory, would erode the shops' customer base. So sacrosanct is this tenet that in November 2010, when Marvel accidentally released the second issue of Ultimate Comics Thor digitally a week before it was supposed to hit stores, the publisher pulled the issue and temporarily locked the copies of everyone who'd already bought it.
In fact, the Big Two have been going far out of their way to keep physical retailers happy as they expand into digital. Even when newly published comic books are available digitally, they generally cost as much as their analog counterparts. ComiXology's apps even include a Buy In Print function that directs users toward the nearest comic book store. So why don't comics publishers just cut out the physical middleman, shift to higher-profit-margin digital for everything, and rake in the dough? Not so fast, Quicksilver. Local stores—and their devotees—drive not just the industry's steadiest profits but its development of new material. If more than the tiniest fraction of that fragile market gets cannibalized by digital sales, then those stores will start folding. If that happens, the majority of print readers who don't have fancy tablets will have nothing to buy on Wednesdays anymore. And if digital sales alone aren't enough to cover writers' and artists' fees and publication costs and underpin a marketing apparatus, the entire structure will blow up like Krypton. So it may sound like a counterintuitive move, but the industry can't afford to alienate its analog retailers. "If you undermine and disrupt the industry in a big way immediately, that's it," Steinberger says. "It's over before digital even gets started."
As Steinberger suggests, comics are a fragile ecosystem. In all their printed forms these days, they're roughly a $650 million annual market in North America. That's huge by historical standards but a rounding error for Time Warner and Disney (and one-sixth the size of the comics market in Japan). Digital-comics sales are even smaller potatoes: Last year in North America, they brought in somewhere between $6 million and $10 million, roughly 1 percent of the revenue generated by comics and graphic novels printed on dead trees, according to ICv2, a website that tracks the business of pop culture.
Those figures are expected to rise dramatically, though, and Jim Lee is one of the people who's overseeing the transition. As copublisher of DC, Lee has become the company's point person for digital, although he made his name as an artist. (He drew the first issue of an X-Men series that Marvel launched in 1991, which sold around 8 million copies—making it the best-selling single issue of all time.) But when Lee describes what DC would like to do digitally, he doesn't talk about converting the Wednesday store shoppers to digital customers. Like his counterparts at other comics publishers, he talks about using digital comics to bring in "lapsed fans, people who read comics at some point, or people who are curious, who are finding comic books for the first time through these new devices."
As far as he's concerned, the ink-and-paper comic book is king: "We have this very devout, fanatical, core group of fans, and the vast majority prefer reading comics in print." He talks about digital sales as a "new newsstand," a way to reach readers who would never set foot in a comics store, get them hooked, and then point them to places where they can buy more stories on paper. In other words, where some see an outmoded industry, he sees a potential for expansion—a whole new customer base that can be lured in by the convenience of tablet apps and converted to the pleasures of old media.
That scenario flies in the face of every other mass medium's transition to digital distribution. On top of that, other media—take the recording industry, for example—have had a seven-year head start on persuading customers to pay for downloads. An entire generation of comics readers has grown up with pirated scans as their only digital option. Nobody really knows how many of the people who used to collect comics on paper have shifted to torrenting everything and how many have just shrugged off the habit and moved on to Game of Thrones or Call of Duty or graduate school.
None of this would matter much at the mega-corporate level if comics were just a few hundred thousand readers and a few thousand retail stores. But North American comics have effectively become the R&D department for a whole lot of higher-stakes media, from movies and television shows to videogames and Broadway musicals. Without periodical comic books, there's no The Walking Dead, no Thor, no The Dark Knight Rises, no Wonder Woman T-shirts or Spider-Man lunch boxes or Smallville soundtracks. The February issue of Green Lantern sold a mere 70,000 or so copies—but the franchise has also spawned a $150 million movie.
It's a little ironic, perhaps, that a medium obsessed with technologies that have the potential to transform and destroy—Phantom Zone projectors and repulsor rays, unstable molecules and cosmic treadmills—has at last bumped into such a technology right here on Earth-Prime. And just as you'd expect, it's a technology that could change the (entertainment) world. Some print comics might survive the shift, of course—most likely the ones that are satisfying as physical objects. Independent art-comics publishers have lately begun releasing exquisitely designed hardcover graphic novels, like David Mazzucchelli's Asterios Polyp. Meanwhile, artists and writers are beginning to think about how to create work specifically for a touchscreen tablet (instead of merely porting over print comics), just as they came up with new forms for the web. Eventually, that could develop into a whole new medium.
But the $4 stapled pamphlet? Sooner or later it's doomed, a vestigial holdover from the days when comic books were sold on spinning metal racks to kids. There's not much it can do that a digital equivalent can't do better. Our Wednesdays are numbered.
Douglas Wolk (firstname.lastname@example.com) is the author of Reading Comics: How Graphic Novels Work and What They Mean.


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The Best Walt Disney Company Movies List
List Rules Vote for your favorite Walt Disney Company movie.
Here are the best Walt Disney Company movies, ranked best to worst, including trailers, genres, and release dates. The Walt Disney Company produced and/or distributed these films, which are listed in alphabetical order and sortable by any column. This is a list of all notable and most famous The Walt Disney Company films, including movie posters when available.
Featuring Disney classics like The Lion King and recent films like Zootopia, this list has all of your favorite movies and even some you forgot were from Disney. With billions of dollars at the box office and tons of awards, the Walt Disney Company has given Hollywood many of its greatest movies ever.
The list answers the questions, "What movies did The Walt Disney Company produce?" and "What films did The Walt Disney Company distribute?" This best The Walt Disney Company movies list displays shorts as well as feature films made by The Walt Disney Company, including theatrical releases, limited releases, and made-for-TV The Walt Disney Company movies. You can also manipulate this list of movies by this production company.
If you see one of your favorite Walt Disney Company movie missing from this list, make sure to add it and vote it up.


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What started as a GSoC project idea back in April is now beginning to take shape.
The basic idea is still the same: First, integrate sequitur in simon to be able to transcribe arbitrary words automatically. To facilitate this, sequitur first needs to learn the transcription rules from a large dictionary. So I integrated a feature that let's user turn their shadow dictionary (which already supports many different formats) into a regular sequitur model.
Thanks to sequitur, simon can now transcribe words automatically that are definitely not in the shadow dictionary:
Frederik and Joanie I created a plugin that would analyze the UI of currently active window, create vocabulary and grammar for it and associate commands with the user interface elements.
It's still in an early development stage (as is the support for ATSPI-2 of GTK and Qt) but the basic stuff already works. To check it out, either build and install the current development version of simon from Git (atspi branch) or have a look at the demonstration video below.
For RSS readers: ATSPI demonstration on Youtube


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Dr. Florent Richy, MSc, an epidemiologist at the University of Liege, Belgium, evaluated 15 studies on osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The combined studies represented 1,775 volunteers, 1,020 taking glucosamine and 755 taking chondroitin. In the studies, it took about two weeks of supplementation for participants to begin experiencing pain relief and greater joint flexibility.
It appeared that taking at least 1,500 mg per day of glucosamine for at least three years was most effective in slowing the degenerative process. In most of the studies, the dosage range for chondroitin was 800 mg to 1,200 mg per day, usually administered in divided doses. Dr. Richy noted the best dosage for chondroitin has not been determined.
Glucosamine and chondroitin are components of joint cartilage. Cartilage acts as a joint cushion, and glucosamine stimulates the formation and repair of cartilage, while chondroitin helps to draw fluid into cartilage, making it more elastic. OA is most commonly a wear-and-tear disease that involves degeneration of joint cartilage and formation of bony spurs within the joints. The more frequently the following symptoms occur, the more likely it is that OA may be developing: stiffness of the joints upon awakening, swollen joints, joint pain, popping or grinding sounds in joints, and/or a warm sensation in one or more joints.
The risk of developing OA of the knee increases steadily with age. Contributing factors include genetics, joint injury, mechanical stress, and obesity. Six percent of U.S. adults age 30 and over have OA of the knee, and the incidence increases to 30% among those between 65 and 74. Before age 50, more men than women are affected by OA of the knee, but after age 50 the condition is more prevalent in women, who generally begin suffering shortly after menopause. Tests have shown that unlike aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used in arthritis, glucosamine and chondroitin have few side effects.
Reference: Archives of Internal Medicine; 2003, Vol. 163, 1514-22.
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Predicting Weather in the Eighteenth Century
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In colonial times many people, especially farmers and sailors, relied on weathervanes and almanacs to help them predict the weather by indicating which way the wind was blowing. The rooster, the most popular of weathervane characters, was used in Europe as early as the ninth century on the roofs of churches in order to ward off evil and to proclaim good faith. Bringing this tradition with them, early American colonists placed weathervanes in the shape of roosters on the tops of barns and houses. Local craftsmen, farmers and carpenters experimented with a variety of designs. In country areas inland weathervanes took the form of cows, pigs and horses, while on the coast, fish, whales and sailboats were common. Indians were also popular, and the eagle became a patriotic theme around the mid-nineteenth century. Almanacs provided long and short-range weather forecasts on which people relied to help them plan their activities, including planting and harvest.
Time Requirement
3 class periods
- Poor Richard's Almanack -- available at http://www.gettysburg.edu/~tshannon/his341/pra1753contents.html
- Graphic Organizer: The Weathervanes of Williamsburg -- one copy per student
- Instructions: Making a Weathervane -- one copy per student
- Current Farmer's Almanac -- available at http://www.almanac.com/
As a result of this lesson, students will be able to:
- identify the role of the weathervane in colonial America
- determine the accuracy of almanacs in predicting the weather
- create a design that reflects aspects of eighteenth-century weathervanes
Setting the Stage
Discuss with students the importance of almanacs such as Benjamin Franklin's Poor Richard's Almanack. Tell students that these annual publications included calendars of weather forecasts, astronomical information, tide tables and other related information. For instance, Poor Richard's Almanack from 1753 states "April 13–14 clouds and rain." How might this influence a farmer in planning his work year? Ask students to identify other devices the colonists had to predict the weather.
Ask students why farmers and others who depend upon the weather for their jobs and safety would pay close attention to wind direction. Discuss with students the term "wind direction" and how it is usually expressed in cardinal directions (the points of a compass–N S W E). If a farmer knew that northeast winds generally bring rain, how might a weathervane assist him in determining his work schedule?
Because weather vanes were expensive items in the eighteenth century, they generally were found only on the top of public buildings. Some of the public buildings of Williamsburg included the Courthouse, the Capitol, the Governor's Palace, Bruton Parish Church, the College of William and Mary and the Public Hospital. Indicate to the students that they are going to investigate the weathervanes that were once on these prominent public buildings in Williamsburg.
Divide class into six collaborative groups. Give each student a copy of the graphic organizer The Weathervanes of Williamsburg. Assign each group one of the weathervanes pictured to investigate. They are to provide a description of the weathervane and the building on which it was found. When all groups are finished, ask a student from each group to report its findings back to the class. List these findings under the description column on the graphic organizer. After all groups have reported, have the class as a whole discuss the common differences and similarities. Give students time to complete the graphic organizer.
Next, inform students that they are going to design a weathervane. Ask students to think of a way to personalize their weathervane. Perhaps they might use their initials, like the GR on the Governor's Palace weathervane which stands for King George. Or maybe a date is important, like 1693 on the William & Mary weathervane, which indicates the college was founded.
Give each student a copy of the instructions for Making a Weathervane. Discuss with students the materials that are necessary for completing this assignment. After each student has the required materials, have them create their own personal weathervane.
Alternate Plan
Provide students with a recent edition of the Farmer's Almanac. Have them select four dates from different parts of that year or month and list what the weather prediction was for these time periods as found in the Farmer's Almanac. Next, obtain copies of the local newspaper for these dates and have the students identify what the actual weather was like. How accurate was the prediction in the Farmer's Almanac? If you were a farmer, how much faith would you place in this information?
Use the following rubric in making an assessment of the students' finished weathervane: Authenticity - 30; Functionality - 30; Creativity - 20; and Individuality - 20.
This lesson plan was developed by Fae Moeller, Alki Middle School, Vancouver, Washington and the staff of School & Group Services. If you have a lesson plan which you would like to share, please send to Jim Ebert, School & Group Services, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, PO Box 1776, Williamsburg, VA 23187.


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Make Up
Makeup and face paint are great fun to apply and can make your costume look so much more realistic. Particularly helpful at Halloween we have both single colours and kits to make the application easier so you have no excuse for not getting into character. Try some makeup from MAD Distribution today!


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Remembering our friends and the gifts they shared with us
I was sitting at a good friend's funeral the other day and I couldn't help but reflect on his smile, sense of humor and his giving nature. I was also impressed by how many people took the time to come and show their respects to a good man.
I began to think of some other friends who passed this last year and remember the gifts they shared with all of us over the years. Some of these gifts will remain here to benefit our community and our children for years to come. I can't mention all the good people who have passed, but as the president of the Morenci Kiwanis Club, there are three people I believe deserve some special recognition.
Dr. Keith Whitehouse
Doc was a very special person to me. I have always admired his love for the community. His life was always so visible to most, but one thing he did that hasn't been as renowned is that he and a number of exceptional Morenci citizens planted a seed in 1952 and started the Morenci Kiwanis Club. The rewards Morenci has realized from this initial venture have been magnificent.
Dr. Whitehouse was the first president of the club and except for a short period of time during his professional life, he remained a member until he passed this last year. Doc set a standard of giving that will be almost impossible to match.
Curtis Kime
Curtis was always a silent member of the club. He was proud to be a Kiwanian and took part in every activity we had. He was a very good man and gave whenever he could.
Curtis never missed a meeting and when asked to help, he jumped right in. He actually would feel bad when we would have an activity he would not be able to take part in for whatever reason. He gave a lot of himself to the club and to Morenci.
Roger Ries
Roger was not just a good Kiwanian, but I was very close to Roger and his wife, Phyllis. Roger was a past president of Kiwanis and was involved in every activity we had. He was always a bright light at the activities, and he looked forward to our meetings and in participating in all our activities.
Roger delivered Meals on Wheels when he probably should have been receiving them. He did everything from standing in the street selling Kiwanis nuts to selling Duck Race tickets, running Farmers' Day, building and driving floats for parades, working at the Rex Riley Scholarship dinners and participating in our annual golf events. I believe this is the first year Roger was not able to help with the Wishing Tree program since its inception by the Kiwanis Club. Roger served for years on the Rex Riley Scholarship board where over $100,000 in scholarships have been given to local children since its inception. I could go on and on, but I won't.
It hurts to reflect on the loss of these good people, but it also reminds me why my friends in the Kiwanis Club, Morenci Athletic Boosters, Stair Public Library board and so many other local charitable organizations do what they do. Now our numbers are shrinking and there are big shoes to be filled. So as you think of a New Year's resolution, and if you like to help others, please consider joining one of the local organizations that serve our community so diligently.
– Tim Decker
Morenci Kiwanis Club president


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Here's a classic in the annals of fauxtography:
A photo has been hurtling through cyberspace (via Facebook, natch), showing an "Israeli soldier" ostensibly pointing his rifle at a little Palestinian girl, while digging his boot into her chest.
Alert media monitors noted that the soldier depicted in the photo could not possibly be Israeli, as the rifle is an AK-47 (the IDF uses M16 and M4 weapons), and both the boots and pants do not match IDF uniforms.
So where did the libelous photo originate? At an anti-Israeli "street theater" exhibition in the Persian Gulf kingdom of Bahrain. Here's the uncropped image:
Of course, none of this is new. As an Aish.com film documents, Facebook is filled with anti-Israel imagery.
As I demonstrate in my new book, David & Goliath, there is a cottage industry ― affectionately known as Pallywood ― dedicated to producing pro-Palestinian images. When Palestinian officials alleged that Israel was using radioactive uranium and nerve gas against civilians, official PA television broadcast fake "news footage" of "victims" plagued by vomiting and convulsions. Another clip from state-run Palestinian TV used actors to depict Israeli soldiers "raping and murdering" a Palestinian girl in front of her horrified parents.
And then there's the time that Palestinian actors staged a "funeral" for unsuspecting journalists. This Pallywood production ― secretly videotaped by an Israeli drone ― shows a man walking over to a stretcher, lying down, being wrapped in a shroud, and being carried in the "funeral procession." When the "dead body" falls off the stretcher, he stands up and climbs back on. And when the "corpse" is dropped a second time, he stomps off angrily ― apparently regarding his own funeral as too dangerous to his health.
And now we have the Bahrain photo ― just another salvo in the Israeli-Arab cyber war. If you ever doubted how fast things spread through the Internet, click on this link to Google images (mouse over the images to see what website they're posted on).


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