text:
Clinical psychology
Clinical psychology includes the scientific study and application of psychology for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development.[1][2] Central to its practice are psychological assessment and psychotherapy, although clinical psychologists also engage in research, teaching, consultation, forensic testimony, and program development and administration.[3] In many countries it is a regulated mental health profession.
The field is often considered to have begun in 1896 with the opening of the first psychological clinic at the University of Pennsylvania by Lightner Witmer. In the first half of the 20th century, clinical psychology was focused on psychological assessment, with little attention given to treatment. This changed after the 1940s when World War II resulted in the need for a large increase in the number of trained clinicians. Since that time, two main educational models have developed—the PhD (focusing on research) and the PsyD (focusing on practice). Clinical psychologists are now considered experts in providing psychotherapy, and generally train within four primary theoretical orientations—Psychodynamic, Humanistic, Cognitive Behavioral, and Systems or Family therapy. Clinical psychology can be confused with psychiatry, which generally has similar goals (e.g. the alleviation of mental distress), but is unique in that psychiatrists are medical practitioners licensed to prescribe medication as the primary treatment modality. However, there is a growing movement to give psychologists limited prescription privileges as well.
- 1 History
- 2 Professional practice
- 3 Training and certification to practice
- 4 Assessment
- 5 Clinical theories and interventions
- 6 Professional ethics
- 7 Comparison with other mental health professions
- 8 Clinical psychology journals
- 9 Major influences
- 10 Criticisms and controversies
- 11 See also
- 12 References
- 13 External links
Although modern, scientific psychology is often dated at the 1879 opening of the first psychological laboratory by Wilhelm Wundt, attempts to create methods for assessing and treating mental distress existed long before. The earliest recorded approaches were a combination of religious, magical and medical perspectives.[4] In the early 1800s, one could have his or her head examined, literally, using phrenology, the study of personality by the shape of the skull. Other popular treatments included physiognomy—the study of the shape of the face—and mesmerism, Mesmer's treatment by the use of magnets. Spiritualism and Phineas Quimby's "mental healing" were also popular.[5]
While the scientific community eventually came to reject all of these methods, academic psychologists also were not concerned with serious forms of mental illness. That area was already being addressed by the developing fields of psychiatry and neurology within the asylum movement.[4] It wasn't until the end of the 19th century, around the time when Sigmund Freud was first developing his "talking cure" in Vienna, that the first scientifically clinical application of psychology began.
The start of clinical psychology
By the second half of the 1800s, the scientific study of psychology was becoming well established in university laboratories. Although there were a few scattered voices calling for an applied psychology, the general field looked down upon this idea and insisted on "pure" science as the only respectable practice.[4] This changed when Lightner Witmer (1867-1956), a past student of Wundt and head of the psychology department at the University of Pennsylvania, agreed to treat a young boy who had trouble with spelling. His successful treatment was soon to lead to Witmer's opening of the first psychological clinic at Penn in 1896, dedicated to helping children with learning disabilities.[6] Ten years later in 1907, Witmer was to found the first journal of this new field, The Psychological Clinic, where he coined the term "clinical psychology," defined as "the study of individuals, by observation or experimentation, with the intention of promoting change."[7] The field was slow to follow Witmer's example, but by 1914 there were 26 similar clinics in the U.S.[8]
Even as clinical psychology was growing, working with issues of serious mental distress remained the domain of psychiatrists and neurologists.[9] However, clinical psychologists continued to make inroads into this area due to their increasing skill at psychological assessment. Psychologists' reputation as assessment experts became solidified during World War I with the development of two intelligence tests, Army Alpha and Army Beta (testing verbal and nonverbal skills, respectively), which could be used with large groups of recruits.[5][6] Due in large part to the success of these tests, assessment was to become the core discipline of clinical psychology for the next quarter century, when another war would propel the field into treatment.
Early professional organizations
The field began to organize under the name "clinical psychology" in 1917 with the founding of the American Association of Clinical Psychology. This only lasted until 1919, after which the American Psychological Association (founded by G. Stanley Hall in 1892) developed a section on Clinical Psychology, which offered certification until 1927.[8] Growth in the field was slow for the next few years when various unconnected psychological organizations came together as the American Association of Applied Psychology in 1930, which would act as the primary forum for psychologists until after World War II when the APA reorganized.[10] In 1945 APA created what is now called Division 12, its division of clinical psychology, which remains a leading organization in the field. Psychological societies and associations in other English-speaking countries developed similar divisions, including in Britain, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
World War II and the integration of treatment
When World War II broke out, the military once again called upon clinical psychologists for their assessment expertise. As soldiers began to return from combat, psychologists started to notice symptoms of psychological trauma labeled "shell shock" (eventually to be termed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) that were best treated as soon as possible.[6] Because physicians (including psychiatrists) were over-extended in treating bodily injuries, psychologists were called to help treat this condition.[11] At the same time, female psychologists (who were excluded from the war effort) formed the National Council of Women Psychologists with the purpose of helping communities deal with the stresses of war and giving young mothers advice on child rearing.[7] After the war, the Veterans Administration in the U.S. made an enormous investment to set up programs to train doctoral-level clinical psychologists to help treat the thousands of veterans needing care. As a consequence, the U.S. went from having no formal university programs in clinical psychology in 1946 to over half of all PhDs in psychology in 1950 being awarded in clinical psychology.[7]
WWII helped bring dramatic changes to clinical psychology, not just in America but internationally as well. Graduate education in psychology began adding psychotherapy to the science and research focus based on the 1947 scientist-practitioner model, known today as the Boulder Model, for PhD programs in clinical psychology.[12] Clinical psychology in Britain developed much like in the U.S. after WWII, specifically within the context of the National Health Service[13] with qualifications, standards, and salaries managed by the British Psychological Society.[14]
The development of the PsyD
By the 1960s, psychotherapy had become imbedded within clinical psychology, but for many the PhD educational model did not offer the necessary training for those interested in practice rather than research. There was a growing argument that said the field of psychology in the U.S. had developed to a degree warranting explicit training in clinical practice. The concept of a practice-oriented degree was debated in 1965 and narrowly gained approval for a pilot program at the University of Illinois starting in 1968.[15] Several other similar programs were instituted soon after, and in 1973, at the Vail Conference on Professional Training in Psychology, the Practitioner-Scholar Model of Clinical Psychology—or Vail Model—resulting in the Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) degree was recognized.[16] Although training would continue to include research skills and a scientific understanding of psychology, the intent would be to produce highly trained professionals, similar to programs in medicine, dentistry, and law. The first program explicitly based on the PsyD model was instituted at Rutgers University.[15] Today, about half of all graduate students in clinical psychology are enrolled in PsyD programs.[16]
A changing profession
Since the 1970s, clinical psychology has continued growing into a robust profession and academic field of study. Although the exact number of practicing clinical psychologists is unknown, it is estimated that between 1974 and 1990, the number in the U.S. grew from 20,000 to 63,000.[17] Clinical psychologists are still experts in assessment and psychotherapy, and have expanded their focus to address issues of prevention, gerontology, and even sports and the criminal justice system. The fastest growing area appears to be health psychology, which is reflected in hospitals being the fastest-growing employment setting for clinical psychologists in the past decade.[5] Other major changes include the impact of managed care on mental health care, an increasing understanding of the importance of multicultural knowledge, a growing pressure to give limited prescription privileges to psychologists, and the shift in the majority of practitioners of psychotherapy now having masters-level training.
Professional practice
Clinical psychologists can offer a range of professional services, including:[7]
- Provide psychological treatment (psychotherapy)
- Administer and interpret psychological assessment and testing
- Conduct psychological research
- Teach
- Development of prevention and treatment programs
- Consultation (especially with schools and businesses)
- Program administration
- Provide expert testimony (forensic psychology)
In practice, clinical psychologists may work with individuals, couples, families, or groups in a variety of settings, including private practices, hospitals, mental health organizations, schools, businesses, and non-profit agencies. Most clinical psychologists who engage in research and teaching do so within a college or university setting. Clinical psychologists may also choose to specialize in a particular field—common areas of specialization, some of which can earn board certification,[18] include:
Training and certification to practice
Clinical psychologists undergo many hours of graduate training—usually 4 to 6 years post-Bachelors—in order to gain demonstrable competence and experience. About half of all clinical psychology graduate students are being trained in PhD programs—a model that emphasizes research and is usually housed in universities—with the other half in PsyD programs, which has more focus on practice (similar to professional degrees for medicine and law).[16] Both models are accredited by the American Psychological Association[19] and many other English-speaking psychological societies. A smaller number of schools offer accredited programs in clinical psychology resulting in a Masters degree, which usually take 2 to 3 years post-bachelors.
In the U.K., clinical psychologists nearly always undertake a D.Clin.Psychol., which is a practitioner doctorate with both clinical and research components. This is a three-year full-time salaried program sponsored by the National Health Service (NHS) and based in universities and the NHS. Entry into these programs is highly competitive, and requires at least a three-year undergraduate degree in psychology approved by the British Psychological Society or an approved conversion course, plus some form of experience, usually in either the NHS as an Assistant Psychologist or in academia as a Research Assistant. It is not unusual for applicants to apply several times before being accepted onto a training course.[20]
The practice of clinical psychology requires a license in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and many other countries. Although each of the U.S. states is somewhat different in terms of requirements and licenses, there are three common elements:[21]
- Graduation from an accredited school with the appropriate degree
- Completion of supervised clinical experience
- Passing a written examination and, in some states, an oral examination
All U.S. state and Canada province licensing boards are members of the Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (ASPPB) which created and maintains the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP). Many states require other examinations in addition to the EPPP, such as a jurisprudence (i.e. mental health law) examination and/or an oral examination.[21] Most states also require a certain number of continuing education credits per year in order to renew a license, which can be obtained though various means, such as taking audited classes and attending approved workshops. Clinical psychologists require the Psychologist license to practice, although similar licenses can be obtained with a masters-level degree, such as Marriage and Family Therapist (MFT), Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), and Licensed Psychological Associate (LPA).
An important area of expertise for many clinical psychologists is psychological assessment, and there are indications that as many as 91% of psychologists engage in this core clinical practice.[22] Such evaluation is usually done in service to gaining insight into and forming hypotheses about psychological or behavioral problems. As such, the results of such assessments are usually used to create generalized impressions (rather than diagnoses) in service to informing treatment planning. Methods include formal testing measures, interviews, reviewing past records, clinical observation, and physical examination.[2]
There exist literally hundreds of various assessment tools, although only a few have been shown to have both high validity (i.e., test actually measures what it claims to measure) and reliability (i.e., consistency). These measures generally fall within one of several categories, including the following:
- Intelligence & achievement tests. These tests are designed to measure certain specific kinds of cognitive functioning (often referred to as IQ) in comparison to a norming-group. These tests, such as the WISC-IV, attempt to measure such traits as general knowledge, verbal skill, memory, attention span, logical reasoning, and visual/spacial perception. Several tests have been shown to predict accurately certain kinds of performance, especially scholastic.[22]
- Personality tests. Tests of personality aim to describe patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings. They generally fall within two categories: objective and projective. Objective measures, such as the MMPI, are based on restricted answers—such as yes/no, true/false, or a rating scale—which allow for computation of scores that can be compared to a normative group. Projective tests, such as the Rorschach inkblot test, allow for open-ended answers, often based on ambiguous stimuli, presumably revealing non-conscious psychological dynamics.
- Neuropsychological tests. Neuropsychological tests consist of specifically designed tasks used to measure psychological functions known to be linked to a particular brain structure or pathway. They are typically used to assess impairment after an injury or illness known to affect neurocognitive functioning, or when used in research, to contrast neuropsychological abilities across experimental groups.
- Clinical observation. Clinical psychologists are also trained to gather data by observing behavior. The clinical interview is a vital part of assessment, even when using other formalized tools, which can employ either a structured or unstructured format. Such assessment looks at certain areas, such as general appearance and behavior, mood and affect, perception, comprehension, orientation, insight, memory, and content of communication. One common example of a formal interview is the mental status examination, which is often used as a screening tool for treatment or further testing.[22]
Diagnostic impressions
After assessment, clinical psychologists often provide a diagnostic impression. Many countries use the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, while the U.S. uses the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (the DSM version IV-TR). Both assume medical concepts and terms, and state that there are categorical disorders that can be diagnosed by set lists of descriptive criteria.[23] Most American HMO and insurance companies require a diagnosis from the DSM before they will approve payment for treatment.
The DSM uses a categorical medical model and views psychological problems in terms of discrete illnesses that can be defined by a minimum set of criteria—such as self-reported symptoms, intensity, behaviors, duration, onset, et cetera. There is a growing awareness that this model is not the only way to understand or describe psychological impairment. Moreover, there is little empirical justification for the cutoff criteria, which are based on clinical consensus and are therefore essentially arbitrary.[24] As such, there is a debate in the field regarding alternative methods of diagnosing psychological problems.
Several conceptual models are being discussed, including a "dimensional model" based on empirically validated models of human differences (such as the five factor model of personality[24][23]) and a "psychosocial model", which would take changing, intersubjective states into greater account.[25] The proponents of these models claim that they would offer greater diagnostic flexibility and clinical utility without depending on the medical concept of illness. However, they also admit that these models are not yet robust enough to gain widespread use, and should continue to be developed.
British clinical psychologists do not tend to diagnose, but rather use formulation—an individualized map of the difficulties that the patient or client faces, encompassing predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating (maintaining) factors.[26]
Clinical theories and interventions
Generally speaking, psychotherapy involves a formal relationship between professional and client—usually an individual, couple, family, or small group—that employs a set of procedures intended to form a therapeutic alliance, explore the nature of psychological problems, and encourage new ways of thinking, feeling, or behaving.
Clinicians have a wide range of individual interventions to draw from, often guided by their training—for example, a CBT clinician might use worksheets to record distressing cognitions, a psychoanalyst might encourage free association, while an expressive therapist would employ forms of artistic expression. Clinical psychologists generally seek to base their work on research evidence and outcome studies as well as on trained clinical judgment. Although there are literally dozens of recognized therapeutic orientations, their differences can often be categorized on two dimensions: insight vs. action and in-session vs. out-session.[7]
- Insight—emphasis is on gaining greater understanding of the motivations underlying one's thoughts and feelings (e.g. Psychodynamic therapy)
- Action—focus is on making changes in how one thinks and acts (e.g. Solution Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
- In-session—interventions center on the here-and-now interaction between client and therapist (e.g. Humanistic therapy, Gestalt therapy)
- Out-session—a large portion of therapeutic work is intended to happen outside of session (e.g. Bibliotherapy, Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy)
The methods used are also different in regards to the population being served as well as the context and nature of the problem. Therapy will look very different between, say, a traumatized child, a depressed but high-functioning adult, a group of people recovering from substance dependence, and a ward of the state suffering from terrifying delusions. Other elements that play a critical role in the process of psychotherapy include the environment, culture, age, cognitive functioning, motivation, and duration (i.e. brief or long-term therapy).
Four main perspectives
The field can be seen as recognizing essentially four major perspectives: Psychodynamic, Humanistic, Cognitive Behavioral, and Systems or Family therapy.
The Psychodynamic perspective developed out of the psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud. The core object of psychoanalysis is to make the unconscious conscious—to make the client aware of his or her own primal drives (namely those relating to sex and aggression) and the various defenses used to keep them in check.[27] The essential tools of the psychoanalytic process are the use of free association and an examination of the client's transference towards the therapist, defined as the tendency to take unconscious thoughts or emotions about a significant person (e.g. a parent) and "transfer" them onto another person. Major variations on Freudian psychoanalysis practiced today include Self Psychology, Ego Psychology, and Object Relations Theory. These general orientations now fall under the umbrella term psychodynamic psychology, with common themes including examination of transference and defenses, an appreciation of the power of the unconscious, and a focus on how early developments in childhood have shaped the client's current psychological state.[27]
Humanistic psychology was developed in the 1950s in reaction to both behaviorism and psychoanalysis, largely due to the person-centered therapy of Carl Rogers (often referred to as Rogerian Therapy) and existential psychology developed by Victor Frankl and Rollo May.[2] Rogers believed that a client needed only three things from a clinician to experience therapeutic improvement—congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathetic understanding.[28] By using phenomenology, intersubjectivity and first-person categories, the humanistic approach seeks to get a glimpse of the whole person and not just the fragmented parts of the personality.[29] This aspect of holism links up with another common aim of humanistic practice in clinical psychology, which is to seek an integration of the whole person, also called self-actualization. According to humanistic thinking, each individual person already has inbuilt potentials and resources that might help them to build a stronger personality and self-concept. The mission of the humanistic psychologist is to help the individual employ these resources via the therapeutic relationship.
Cognitive Behavioral
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) developed from the combination of Cognitive psychology and Behaviorism, and from more specific earlier therapies known as cognitive therapy and rational emotive behavior therapy. CBT is based on the theory that how we think (cognition), how we feel (emotion), and how we act (behavior) all interact together. In this perspective, certain thoughts or ways of interpreting the world (often called schemas) can cause emotional distress or result in behavioral problems. Certain behaviors, such as avoidance of feared situations, can also maintain distress. The object of CBT is to discover the biased or irrational thinking that leads to emotional problems and to help the client take control over his or her thinking processes and behaviors in such a way that will lead to increased well-being.[30] There are many techniques used, such as systematic desensitization, socratic questioning, and keeping a cognition observation log. Modified approaches that fall into the category of CBT have also developed, including Dialectic Behavior Therapy and Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy.[31]
Systems or Family Therapy
Systems or Family therapy works with couples and families, and emphasizes family relationships as an important factor in psychological health. The central focus tends to be on interpersonal dynamics, especially in terms of how change in one person will affect the entire system.[32] Therapy is therefore conducted with as many significant members of the "system" as possible. Goals can include improving communication, establishing healthy roles, creating alternative narratives, and addressing problematic behaviors. Important contributors include John Gottman, Jay Haley, Susan Johnson, and Virginia Satir.
Other major therapeutic orientations
There exist literally dozens of recognized schools or orientations of psychotherapy—the list below represents those that have been pivotal in the development of clinical psychology. Although they all have some typical set of techniques practitioners employ, they are generally better known for providing a framework of theory and philosophy that guides a therapist in his or her working with a client.
- Existential. Existential psychotherapy postulates that people are largely free to choose who we are and how we interpret and interact with the world. It intends to help the client find deeper meaning in life and to accept responsibility for living. As such, it addresses fundamental issues of life, such as death, aloneness, and freedom. The therapist emphasizes the client's ability to be self-aware, freely make choices in the present, establish personal identity and social relationships, create meaning, and cope with the natural anxiety of living.[33] Important writers in existential therapy include Rollo May, Victor Frankl, James Bugental, and Irvin Yalom.
One influential therapy that came out of Existential therapy is Gestalt Therapy, primarily founded by Fritz Perls in the 1950s. It is well-known for techniques designed to increase various kinds of self-awareness—the best-known perhaps being the empty chair technique—which are generally intended to explore resistance to authentic contact, resolve internal conflicts, and help the client complete "unfinished business".[34]
- Postmodern. Postmodern psychology says that the experience of reality is a subjective construction built upon language, social context, and history, with no essential truths.[35] Since "mental illness" and "mental health" are not recognized as objective, definable realities, the postmodern psychologist instead sees the goal of therapy strictly as something constructed by the client and therapist.[36] Forms of postmodern psychotherapy include Narrative Therapy, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Coherence Therapy.
- Transpersonal. The transpersonal perspective places a stronger focus on the spiritual facet of human experience.[37] It is not a set of techniques so much as a willingness to help a client explore spirituality and/or transcendent states of consciousness. It also is concerned with helping clients achieve their highest potential. Important writers in this area include Ken Wilber, Abraham Maslow, Stanislav Grof, John Welwood, and David Brazier.
Other perspectives
- Multiculturalism. Although the theoretical foundations of psychology are rooted in European culture, there is a growing recognition that there exist profound differences between various ethnic and social groups and that systems of psychotherapy need to take those differences into greater consideration.[38] Further, the generations following immigrant migration will have some combination of two or more cultures—with aspects coming from the parents and from the surrounding society—and this process of acculturation can play a strong role in therapy (and might itself be the presenting problem). Culture influences ideas about change, help-seeking, locus of control, authority, and the importance of the individual versus the group, all of which can potentially clash with certain givens in psychotherapeutic theory and practice.[39] As such, more psychologists and training programs are integrating knowledge of various cultural groups in order to inform therapeutic practice in a more culturally sensitive and effective way.
- Feminism. Feminist therapy is an orientation arising from the disparity between the origin of most psychological theories (which have male authors) and the majority of people seeking counseling being female. It focuses on societal, cultural, and political causes and solutions to issues faced in the counseling process. It openly encourages the client to participate in the world in a more social and political way.[40]
- Positive Psychology. Positive psychology is the scientific study of human happiness and well-being, which started to gain momentum in 1998 due to the call of Martin Seligman,[41] then president of the APA. The history of psychology shows that the field has been primarily dedicated to addressing mental illness rather than mental wellness. Applied positive psychology's main focus, therefore, is to increase one's positive experience of life and ability to flourish by promoting such things as optimism about the future, a sense of flow in the present, and personal traits like courage, perseverance, and altruism.[42][43] There is now preliminary empirical evidence to show that by promoting Seligman's three components of happiness—positive emotion (the pleasant life), engagement (the engaged life), and meaning (the meaningful life)—positive therapy can decrease clinical depression.[44]
In the last couple of decades, there has been a growing movement to integrate the various therapeutic approaches, especially with an increased understanding of cultural, gender, spiritual, and sexual-orientation issues. Clinical psychologists are beginning to look at the various strengths and weaknesses of each orientation while also working with related fields, such as neuroscience, genetics, evolutionary biology, and psychopharmacology. The result is a growing practice of eclecticism, with psychologists learning various systems and the most efficacious methods of therapy with the intent to provide the best solution for any given problem.[45]
Professional ethics
The field of clinical psychology in most countries is strongly regulated by a code of ethics. In the U.S., professional ethics are largely defined by the APA Code of Conduct, which is often used by states to define licensing requirements. The APA Code generally sets a higher standard than that which is required by law as it is designed to guide responsible behavior, the protection of clients, and the improvement of individuals, organizations, and society.[46] The Code is applicable to all psychologists in both research and applied fields.
The APA Code is based on five principles: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence, Fidelity and Responsibility, Integrity, Justice, and Respect for People's Rights and Dignity.[46] Detailed elements address how to resolve ethical issues, competence, human relations, privacy and confidentiality, advertising, record keeping, fees, training, research, publication, assessment, and therapy.
Comparison with other mental health professions
- See also: Mental health professional
Although clinical psychologists and psychiatrists can be said to share a same fundamental aim—the alleviation of mental distress—their training, outlook, and methodologies are often quite different. Perhaps the most significant difference is that psychiatrists are medical doctors with four years of medical school and another four years of residency in a medical setting where they may specialize in certain age groups or specific conditions. Being medical doctors, they tend to use the medical model to assess psychological problems (i.e. those they treat are seen as patients with an illness) and therefore often rely on psychotropic medications as the chief method of addressing them[47]—although many also employ psychotherapy as well. Their medical training also enables them to conduct physical examinations, order and interpret laboratory tests and EEGs, and may order brain imaging studies such as CT or CAT, MRI, and PET scanning.
Clinical psychologists do not usually prescribe medication, although there is a growing movement for psychologists to have limited prescribing privileges.[48] Such privileges require additional, supervised training and education, and would mostly be limited to psychotropic medications. To date, qualified psychologists may prescribe psychotropic medications in Guam, New Mexico, and Louisiana.[49] In general, however, when medication is warranted many psychologists will work in cooperation with psychiatrists so that clients get all their therapeutic needs met.[3]
Unless a psychiatrist voluntarily chooses to get extra training beyond medical school—such as at a psychoanalytic institute—they will have less training in psychological assessment and psychotherapy than will a licensed clinical psychologist.[50] Even though psychiatrists do seek out such training, the majority of them increasingly focus on medication management, possibly because insurance tends to pay far more for this service than for psychotherapy.[51]
Counseling Psychology
Template:Mentalhealthprofessionals Counseling psychologists study and use many of the same interventions and tools as clinical psychologists, including psychotherapy and assessment. Traditionally, counselors help people with what might be considered normal or moderate psychological problems—such as the feelings of anxiety or sadness resulting from major life changes or events.[3][7] Many counselors also receive specialized training in career assessment, group therapy, and relationship counseling, although some counselors also work with the more serious problems that clinical psychologists are primarily trained for, such as dementia or psychosis. In the United States, all but two states license or certify counselors for private practice.[52]
There are fewer counseling psychology graduate programs than those for clinical psychology and they are more often housed in departments of education rather than psychology. The two professions can be found working in all the same settings but counselors are more frequently employed in university counseling centers compared to hospitals and private practice for clinicians. [53] There is considerable overlap between the two fields and distinctions between them continue to fade.
School Psychology
School psychologists, also known as educational psychologists, are primarily concerned with the academic, social, and emotional well-being of children within a scholastic environment. Unlike clinical psychologists, they receive much more training in education, child development and behavior, and the psychology of learning, often graduating with a post-Masters Educational Specialist Degree (EdS) or Doctor of Education (EdD) degree. Besides offering individual and group therapy with children and their families, school psychologists also evaluate school programs, provide cognitive assessment, help design prevention programs (e.g. reducing drops outs), and work with teachers and administrators to help maximize teaching efficacy, both in the classroom and systemically.[54]
Clinical Social Work
Social workers provide a variety of services, generally concerned with social problems, their causes, and their solutions. With specific training, clinical social workers may also provide psychological counseling in addition to more traditional social work. The Masters in Social Work in the U.S. is a two-year, sixty credit program that usually includes at least a one year practicum. Unlike the PhD, which is an academic degree, the MSW is considered a professional degree.
Clinical psychology journals
The following represents an (incomplete) listing of significant journals in or related to the field of clinical psychology.
Major influences
- Freuds.jpg
Sigmund and Anna Freud
- Carlrogers.jpg
- Albert Ellis 2003 seated.jpg
- Victorfrankl.JPG
- Erik Erikson 2.png
- Alfred Adler.png
- JimBugental1.jpg
Criticisms and controversies
- Clinical psychology is a diverse field and there have been recurring tensions over the degree to which clinical practice should be limited to treatments supported by empirical research.[55] It is also unclear as to what exactly constitutes adequate evidence to qualify as "support". Despite a growing evidence-base showing that all the major therapeutic orientations are about of equal effectiveness,[56][57] there remains much debate about the efficacy of various forms of assessment and treatment in use in clinical psychology.[58]
- Clinical Psychology can be subject to similar criticisms leveled at psychiatry, for example by the anti-psychiatry movement, especially when more aligned with a biomedical model or using psychiatric diagnostic categories such as in the DSM. Others may view this positively. It has been reported that clinical psychology has rarely allied itself with client groups and tends to individualize problems to the neglect of wider economic, political and social inequality issues that may not be the responsibility of the client.[55] It has been argued that therapeutic practices are inevitably bound up with power inequalities, which can be used for good and bad.[59] A critical psychology movement has argued that clinical psychology, and other professions making up a "psy complex", often fail to consider or address inequalities and power differences and can play a part in the social and moral control of disadvantage, deviance and unrest.[60]
- Clinical Psychologists are sometimes criticized by psychiatrists for not having sufficient training or scientific knowledge in general medicine, genetics or medication. There has been controversy over attempts by clinical psychologists to obtain prescribing privileges.[61]
See also
Related lists
- ↑ American Psychological Association, Division 12, "About Clinical Psychology"
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Plante, Thomas. (2005). Contemporary Clinical Psychology. New York : Wiley. ISBN 047147276X
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Brain, Christine. (2002). Advanced psychology : applications, issues and perspectives. Cheltenham : Nelson Thornes. ISBN 0174900589>
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Benjamin, Ludy. (2007). A Brief History of Modern Psychology. Malden, MA : Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9781405132060
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Benjamin, Ludy. (2005). A history of clinical psychology as a profession in America (and a glimpse at its future). Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 1-30.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Alessandri, M., Heiden, L., & Dunbar-Welter, M. (1995). "History and Overview" in Heiden, Lynda & Hersen, Michel (eds.), Introduction to Clinical Psychology. New York : Plenum Press. ISBN 0306448777
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Compas, Bruce & Gotlib, Ian. (2002). Introduction to Clinical Psychology. New York, NY : McGraw-Hill Higher Education. ISBN 0070124914
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Evans, Rand. (1999). Clinical psychology born and raised in controversy. APA Monitor, 30(11).
- ↑ Routh, Donald. (1994). Clinical psychology since 1917 : Science, practice, and organization. New York : Plenum Press. ISBN 0306444526
- ↑ American Psychological Association. (1999). APA: Uniting psychologists for more than 100 years. APA Monitor Online, 30(11).
- ↑ Reisman, John. (1991). A History of Clinical Psychology. UK : Taylor Francis. ISBN 1560321881
- ↑ Routh, Donald. (2000). Clinical Psychology Training: A History of Ideas and Practices Prior to 1946. American Psychologist, 55(2), 236.
- ↑ Hall, John & Llewelyn, Susan. (2006). What is Clinical Psychology? 4th Edition. UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198566891
- ↑ Henry, David. (1959). Clinical psychology abroad. American Psychologist, 14(9), 601-604.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Murray, Bridget. (2000). The degree that almost wasn't: The PsyD comes of age. Monitor on Psychology, 31(1).
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Norcross, J. & Castle, P. (2002). Appreciating the PsyD: The Facts. Eye on Psi Chi, 7(1), 22-26.
- ↑ Menninger, Roy and Nemiah, John. (2000). American psychiatry after World War II: 1944-1994. Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press. ISBN 0880488662
- ↑ American Board of Professional Psychology, Specialty Certification in Professional Psychology
- ↑ APA. (2005). Guidelines and Principles for Accreditation of Programs in Professional Psychology: Quick Reference Guide to Doctoral Programs.
- ↑ Cheshire, K. & Pilgrim, D. (2004). A short introduction to clinical psychology. London ; Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications. ISBN 076194768X
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards". Retrieved 2007-02-17.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Groth-Marnat, G. (2003). Handbook of Psychological Assessment, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-41979-6
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Jablensky, Assen. (2005). Categories, dimensions and prototypes: Critical issues for psychiatric classification. Psychopathology, 38(4), 201
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Widiger, Thomas & Trull, Timothy. (2007). Plate tectonics in the classification of personality disorder: shifting to a dimensional model. American Psychologist, 62(2), 71-83.
- ↑ Mundt, Christoph & Backenstrass, Matthias. (2005). Psychotherapy and classification: Psychological, psychodynamic, and cognitive aspects. Psychopathology, 38(4), 219
- ↑ Kinderman, P. and Lobban, F. (2000) Evolving formulations: Sharing complex information with clients. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 28(3), 307-310
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 Gabbard, Glen. (2005). Psychodynamic Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 4th Ed. Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press. ISBN 1-58562-185-4
- ↑ McMillan, Michael. (2004). The Person-Centred Approach to Therapeutic Change. London, Thousand Oaks : SAGE Publications. ISBN 0761948686
- ↑ Rowan, John. (2001). Ordinary Ecstasy : The Dialectics of Humanistic Psychology. London, UK : Brunner-Routledge. ISBN 0415236339
- ↑ Beck, A., Davis, D., and Freeman, A. (2007). Cognitive Therapy of Personality Disorders, 2nd Ed. New York : Guilford Press. ISBN 978-1-59385-476-8
- ↑ Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies. (2006). What is CBT?. Retrieved 03-04-2007.
- ↑ Bitter, J. & Corey, G. (2001). "Family Systems Therapy" in Gerald Corey (ed.), Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy. Belmost, CA : Brooks/Cole.
- ↑ Van Deurzen, Emmy. (2002). Existential Counseling & Psychotherapy in Practice. London; Thousand Oaks : Sage Publications. ISBN 0761962239
- ↑ Woldt, Ansel and Toman, Sarah. (2005). Gestalt Therapy: History, Theory, and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA. : Sage Publications. ISBN 0761927913
- ↑ Slife, B., Barlow, S. and Williams, R. (2001). Critical issues in psychotherapy : translating new ideas into practice. London : SAGE. ISBN 0761920803
- ↑ Blatner, Adam. (1997). The Implications of Postmodernism for Psychotherapy. Individual Psychology, 53(4), 476-482.
- ↑ Boorstein, Seymour. (1996). Transpersonal Psychotherapy. Albany : State University of New York Press. ISBN 0791428354
- ↑ La Roche, Martin. (2005). The cultural context and the psychotherapeutic process: Toward a culturally sensitive psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 15(2), 169–185
- ↑ Young, Mark. (2005). Learning the Art of Helping, 3rd ed. Ch. 4, "Helping Someone Who is Different." Upper Saddle River, NJ : Pearson Education. ISBN 013111753X
- ↑ Hill, Marcia and Ballou, Mary. (2005). The foundation and future of feminist therapy. New York : Haworth Press. ISBN 0789002019
- ↑ Seligman, Martin and Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14.
- ↑ Snyder, C. and Lopez, S. (2001). Handbook of Positive Psychology. New York ; Oxford : Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195135334
- ↑ Linley, Alex, et al. (2006). Positive psychology: Past, present, and (possible) future. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 1(1), 3-16.
- ↑ Seligman, M., Rashid, T., & Parks, A. (2006). Positive Psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 61(8), 774-788.
- ↑ Norcross, John and Goldfried, Marvin. (2005). The Future of Psychotherapy Integration: A Roundtable. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 15(4), 392
- ↑ 46.0 46.1 APA. (2003). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Retrieved July 28, 2007.
- ↑ Graybar, S. & Leonard, L. (2005). In defense of listening. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 59(1), 1-19.
- ↑ Klusman, Lawrence. (2001). Prescribing Psychologists and Patients' Medical Needs; Lessons From Clinical Psychiatry. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 32(5), 496.
- ↑ Halloway, Jennifer. (2004). Gaining prescriptive knowledge. Monitor on Psychology, 35(6). p.22.
- ↑ Mariani, Matthew. (1995). Beyond psychobabble: Careers in psychotherapy. Occupational Outlook Quarterly, 39(1), 12-26.
- ↑ Downs, Martin. (2005). "Psychology vs. Psychiatry: Which Is Better?" WebMD.
- ↑ American Mental Health Counselors Association. (2004). "Why use a mental health counselor?". Retrieved July 21, 2007.
- ↑ Norcross, John. (2000). Clinical versus counseling psychology: What's the diff? Eye on Psi Chi, 5(1), 20-22.
- ↑ Silva, Arlene. (2003). Who Are School Psychologists?. National Association of School Psychologists.
- ↑ 55.0 55.1 Pilgram, D. & Treacher, A. (1992) Clinical Psychology Observed. Routledge: London & USA/Canada. ISBN 0415046327
- ↑ Leichsenring, Falk & Leibing, Eric. (2003). The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of personality disorders: A meta-analysis. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(7), 1223-1233.
- ↑ Reisner, Andrew. (2005). The common factors, empirically validated treatments, and recovery models of therapeutic change. The Psychological Record, 55(3), 377-400.
- ↑ Lilienfeld, Scott and Lynn, Steven and Lohr, Jeffrey. (2002). Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology. New York : Guilford Press. ISBN 1572308281
- ↑ Kyuken, W. (1999) Power and clinical psychology: a model for resolving power-related ethical dilemmas. Ethics Behav. 1999;9(1):21-37.
- ↑ Smail, D. Power, Responsibility and Freedom. Internet Publication.
- ↑ "International Society of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurses. (2001). Response to Clinical Psychologists Prescribing Psychotropic Medications" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-03-03.
External links
- APA Society of Clinical Psychology (Division 12)
- American Academy of Clinical Psychology
- American Board of Professional Psychology
- American Counseling Association
- American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy
- Association of State and Provincial Psychology Boards (ASPPB)
- Society for the Exploration of Psychotherapy Integration
- National Institute of Mental Health
- The International Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health
- Info on the field of psychology form the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
- The Psychology Wiki
- Classics in the History of Psychology
- All About Psychotherapy
- "Clinical Psychology"—original 1907 article by Lightner Witmer published in Psychological Clinic
Career and Education
- Careers in Psychology
- Careers in Clinical and Counseling Psychology
- Graduate School Programs in Clinical Psychology
- APA Accredited Programs in Clinical Psychology (A-L), APA
- APA Accredited Programs in Clinical Psychology (M-Z), APA
- Getting into Graduate School, APA
- International Society of Clinical Psychology
- International PSY Congresses
- Canadian Psychological Association
- British Psychological Society
- Psychology Societies Outside the U.S.
Finding a therapist
- Find A Psychologist, APA
- Find A Therapist, Psychology Today
- Therapist Locator, American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy
ar:علم نفس سريري bs:Klinička psihologija ca:Psicologia clínica da:Klinisk psykologi de:Klinische Psychologie fa:روانشناسی بالینی hr:Klinička psihologija is:Klínísk sálfræði it:Psicologia clinica no:Klinisk psykologi sl:Klinična psihologija sr:Клиничка психологија


text:
Andrew Blackburn
Lakeville High Class of 2009
Personal Info
- Name:
- Andrew Blackburn
- Graduation Year:
- 2009
Memories of Andrew Blackburn
Are you Andrew Blackburn?
This page means someone is someone is looking for you. Register for free to let other alumni contact you and more:
- Let others find you
- Contact old friends
- Share photos and memories with other registered alumni
Looking for Andrew Blackburn?
This is a placeholder page for Andrew Blackburn, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Andrew Blackburn.
About placeholder profiles
You are visiting the placeholder page for Andrew Blackburn. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Andrew Blackburn. We created this page automatically in hopes Andrew Blackburn would find it. If you are not Andrew Blackburn, but are an alumni of Lakeville High School, register on this site for free now.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A spectrum of faith
In a letter to the editor, a reader explains how she and her siblings hold on to faith through sorrow and joy.
Guest blog by Fay Obergfell
What a lovely surprise to open to Femme fidele and see my sister quoted there regarding her 30 years of service to the church as a pastoral associate! Now I feel compelled to comment on the rest of our family, as my sisters and brothers and our spouses fall on a spectrum of Catholic thought and faith.
There is my oldest sister who is a deacon's unsung wife, a musician, an elementary teacher, a mother and grandmother, a caregiver for my handicapped brother, and a strong keeper and defender of the faith.
There is my younger sister who was a church secretary, had been a caregiver for my brother and handled my handicapped uncle's and my mother's business and comfort until their deaths, and is a mother and grandmother, a volunteer for Bethlehem Farms ministry in West Virginia, a helper in all things family, and a strong advocate for social justice.
My handicapped brother's fondest wish throughout his life was to enter the priesthood, and I can think of few children who could recite the Latin Mass responses completely at age 5 as he could. The church is his life, his faith is the simplest and strongest of all of us in difficult times, and he has been a blessing throughout our lives, though sometimes we had to look a little harder to see it than other times.
My youngest brother is no longer a Catholic, but an involved and holy Lutheran, strong in faith but unable to find comfort and peace in the Catholic Church of today. He is a father and grandfather and has spent most of his career in child protection, the most difficult job I have ever witnessed.
I fall in the middle, a mother and grandmother, a retired special education teacher, a skeptic and critic of many church positions, most notably as they relate to women and gays and others that God created in His/Her image and likeness. I am too Catholic to be anything else, but the church hierarchy tries my patience as nothing in my life ever has. My role in my little country parish has been nearly every one available at some time or another, but currently has settled into serving others by serving food, after funerals and at parish social gatherings. It is satisfying to be allowed to feed God's people in some way.
We are faithful, we are called, we are diverse and yet the same, and all of us see need for change in the church that we love or loved. The holiest moments of our collective life occurred last spring when we all prayed with, comforted, and held our mother in her last days, and accompanied that holy woman on her earthly journey of faith to her new life, where she moved from us to her parents, her husbands, her miscarried children, her brothers, and friends in the next life. It is the ultimate transition.
It is not without sorrow that we live, but the joyful moments of pure faith more than erase them. May it be so for our beloved church on earth as we faithfully accompany her on a journey to a new life, erasing the pain that the hierarchy has caused every one of us in this lifespan. We are men and women of faith.
Guest blogger Fay Obergfell is a reader from Lexington, Indiana.
As a supplement of the January 2011 special issue on women, U.S. Catholic is asking guest bloggers, "How do you keep the faith as a woman in the church?" To submit your answer (about 500 words), e-mail email@example.com.
Guest blog posts express the views of the author. They do not necessarily reflect the views of U.S. Catholic, its editors, or the Claretians.


text:
Agriculture - Safety Plans, Videos & Training
Agriculture is one the most dangerous work environments. Many workers die from agricultural work-related accidents each year. Safety Instruction offers the safety plans and training you need to stay safe and OSHA compliant.
There are no products matching the selection.
About Agriculture Safety Training for OSHA and NIOSH Standards
No doubt there are a lot of dangerous jobs out there, but working in agriculture is one of the most dangerous industries to work in. Hundreds of workers each year die from such accidents as tractor overturns which accounts for approximately 90 deaths a year. Without agriculture safety training this number would be much higher. Equipment safety, respiratory safety, and working in hot conditions are huge concerns, and sometimes safety training takes a back seat to chores. Another large concern in this industry is the lack of communication due to migrant workers speaking Spanish. Recent estimates show that nearly half of all farm workers in the United States are Hispanic. Most of our safety videos are available in both English and Spanish. OSHA mandates that employers conduct training in the language the employee understands. Spanish safety videos allow you to break the language barrier when dealing with safety. Additionally SafetyInstruction.com has Spanish speaking bi-lingual writers and trainers on staff to help with translation.
Read more about Agriculture Safety on our blog.


text:
One of the selling points for the Republican tax overhaul has been that it would put an end to U.S. companies moving overseas in order to reduce their tax bills. The argument is simple: Reducing the top corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent will reduce the financial incentive for companies to relocate.
Richard Rubin of The Wall Street Journal took a look at whether the bill as passed will work to end the practice, and his answer is a qualified yes: "Will it work? Yes, tax experts say—but with limitations and caveats," Rubin wrote Monday.
The problem, as more mathematically astute readers may have noticed already, is that 21 percent is still higher than the rates in many low-tax jurisdictions such as Ireland and Bermuda. Foreseeing this issue, lawmakers moved toward a territorial tax system with a minimum tax on earnings in each country in which a company operates, the Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income tax, or GILTI, ranging from 10.5 percent to 13.125 percent.
However, that solution creates a new problem: Companies may now have a reason to build new facilities and expand their businesses overseas. Under the new rules, U.S. companies can claim tax-exempt earnings overseas based on the value of the assets owned in a given country. Companies could game the system by building new facilities overseas in order to increase the value of their exemptions while spreading profits around from country to country in order to reduce their tax bill in the U.S.
Rebecca Kysar, a Brooklyn Law School professor who has been critical of the tax overhaul, told the Journal, "The more assets you have abroad, the more income that's exempt from the minimum tax. Everyone's trying to get their taxes as low as possible. If you can eliminate the 13% tax, then I think corporations are going to do that."
Other experts, however, doubt that the loophole will attract many companies. Building new facilities, rather than simply changing an address and shuffling some paper around, is a considerably higher hurdle for senior executives. "Once you start talking about real people and hard assets, then senior management at a company is much less eager to do something for tax purposes," one tax expert told the Journal. And, Rubin notes, some European countries are starting to require more local employment from new companies moving in, increasing the cost of relocating.
Martin Sullivan, chief economist at Tax Notes, supported Rubin's assessment Monday, saying that there may be companies that still find it profitable to move, but probably not very many.


text:
The Atelier Dreibholz is a design practice founded in 2004 by Paulus M. Dreibholz. Specialising in typographic design the studio works with a variety of clients with a focus on projects in the field of fine art and architecture. Our projects range from publications, via extensive corporate identities to small brochures and leaflets, which all receive equal care and attention to concept and craft. We take great pride in conceiving and developing our projects in close collaboration with our clients and see the respectful dialogue as our main tool of designing.
We highly value attention to detail and argumentative thought and apply both rigorously from the conceptual stages through to delivery or launch of the individual project.
current team:
Paulus M. Dreibholz
Katja Hasenöhrl
past team members include: Fabienne Bilat, Fabian Draxl, Tom Featherby, Felicitas Grabner, Masahiro Karinho, Sara Su Jinn Lai, Ana Luísa Martelo, Jakob Mayr, Daniel McGhee, Yohanna-My Nguyen, Michael Niedermair, Elén Nikoletos, Sunny Park, Christoph Schütz, Kristína Uhráková, David Weller, Emma Williams.
paulus m. dreibholz is a typographer and graphic designer. Born in Graz, Austria, he studied, taught and practiced graphic design for over 16 years while based in London, UK. In 2014, he moved his studio to Vienna while also assuming the post as Senior Designer at the Klasse für Ideen in Grafik und Werbung at the University of Applied Arts Vienna. His works have won numerous awards and have been published and exhibited internationally.
Download studio profile as pdf.
Atelier Dreibholz
Editorial, Design & Typography.
Friedrich Schmidt Platz 4
1080 Vienna, AUT
Gaffa GmbH
CReg/FN: 221 121 d
VAT/UId: ATU 5423 4305
Member of designaustria and istd.
Statistical analysis (tracking)
In order to statistically analyse the use of our website, the following targeted cookies are used.
Google Analytics
This website uses features from the web analysis service Google Analytics. The provider is Google Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
Google Analytics uses targeted cookies of this type.
You can find more information about Google Analytics' handling of user data in Google's privacy policy: https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/6004245?hl=en
You can prevent your data from being obtained by Google (provided by cookies and the recording of your use of the website) and from being processed by Google, by downloading and installing the browser plugin available at the following link:
Contract Data Processing
We have concluded a contract with Google regarding Contract Data Processing.
IP Anonymisation
We use the feature "activate IP Anonymisation" on this website. As a result, your IP address is shortened by Google in advance within EU member states and other states signatory to the European Economic Area treaty. Only in exceptional cases will the full IP address be transmitted to a Google server in the USA and abbreviated there. On behalf of the owner of this website, Google will use this information to evaluate your use of the website, to compile reports about the website's activity and, further, to deliver reports to the site's owner about services related to use of the website and of the Internet. The IP address that is transmitted from your browser will not be associated with other data from Google by Google Analytics.


text:
Tooth whitening enhances the brightness of natural teeth, but it's not for everyone. Discuss it with your Dentist before you take action, especially if you have:
The lifespan of whitened teeth can range from 4-12 months, depending on the type of treatment used and your consumption of food and drink that can easily stain teeth (such as blueberries, coffee, and tea).
To keep your teeth their whitest without undergoing tooth whitening treatment, practice good oral hygiene.
If your Dentist agrees that you are a candidate for tooth whitening, you can choose either an over-the-counter tooth whitening kit or a Dentist-supervised treatment.
If using an over-the-counter whitening kit, choose one approved by the American Dental Association and follow the directions on its package. Store-bought kits require 7-30 days of consistent use for full effect. Individual results can vary.
Dentist-supervised treatments provide greater tooth whitening results faster than store bought kits. Two types of treatment are available:
After a thorough exam of your teeth, gums and supporting bone structure, your Dentist will tell you whether tooth whitening is a safe option for your smile. If the agreed-upon treatment is an in-office, Dentist-supervised treatment, your Clinician will:
Your total tooth whitening treatment time is 45 minutes.
© Copyright 2006 - 2020 • Pacific Dental Services National Support Center • Pacific Dental Services, Inc.
*Regular value of at least $290. In absence of gum (periodontal) disease. New patients only. Cannot be combined with any other offers. Coupon must be presented at appointment. Limit 1 per patient. Subject to insurance restrictions; cannot be applied to insurance co-payments. Not valid for appointments with pediatric dentist.


text:
CyberOne Call Center can help your company establish and operate a professional inbound call center that improves the quality of your customer service and reduces your costs. We have extensive experience serving as a technical hub assisting thousands of users in troubleshooting network, hardware, and software problems. We are also fully capable of operating as a customer service center that handles product/service inquiries, order taking, complaints, and other customer concerns... Read more..
Handling back office services is typically an integrated part of an inbound call center, and CyberOne can also help establish streamlined back-office processing procedures to facilitate administration, accounting, customer service, data processing, market research, and similar tasks. In addition, CyberOne can provide auxiliary support if you need help with proofreading/copy editing of documents, transcription, and even online marketing... Read more..
We are capable of working with onshore clients on an offshore seat leasing and/or staff leasing projects. Does your company need to lease seats for your existing team in a quality, secure, PCI compliant call center floor with redundant Internet connectivity? Or perhaps you are after an offshore team of Customer Service Reps, or skilled web designers, or a team of online marketers? CyberOne is well-equipped to oversee the recruitment and management of the daily operations of your offshore staff while working closely with you every step of the way... Read more..


text:
Login [
Don't have an account?
Register now
to chat, post, use our tools, and much more.
Cemetech - Registration Agreement Terms
While the administrators and moderators of this forum will attempt to remove or edit any generally objectionable material as quickly as possible, it is impossible to review every message. Therefore you acknowledge that all posts made to these forums express the views and opinions of the author and not the administrators, moderators or webmaster (except for posts by these people) and hence will not be held liable.
You agree not to post any abusive, obscene, vulgar, slanderous, hateful, threatening, sexually-oriented or any other material, or engage in any activity using your Cemetech account, that may violate any applicable laws. Except as performed by search engine spidering, using automated or programmatic methods to load, scan, monitor, or scrape this site's tools, content, or pages is explicitly disallowed. Doing any of the previously-named offenses, or any others deemed abusive at the sole discretion of the Cemetech staff, may lead to you being immediately and permanently banned (and your service provider being informed). The IP address of all posts is recorded to aid in enforcing these conditions. You agree that the webmaster, administrator and moderators of this forum have the right to remove, edit, move or close any topic, or discipline, suspend, temporarily ban, or permenantly ban any users at any time should they see fit. As a user you agree to any information you have entered above being stored in a database. While this information will not be disclosed to any third party without your consent the webmaster, administrator and moderators cannot be held responsible for any cracking attempt that may lead to the data being compromised.
This forum system uses cookies to store information on your local computer. These cookies do not contain any of the information you have entered above; they serve only to improve your viewing pleasure. The e-mail address is used only for confirming your registration details and password (and for sending new passwords should you forget your current one).
In addition, this forum is populated by users, each opinionated and with their own personal styles of dealing with other users. Cemetech claims no responsibility for their behavior or tone with other members, and includes within the terms of this agreement the user's foreknowledge of such a situation. The user now registering shall bind him or herself legally to refrain from any and all criticism of Cemetech as a whole if such behavior offends a user, limiting their negative comments or retaliatory actions or words to the individual in question.
By clicking Register below you agree to be bound by these conditions.
I Agree to these terms and am
13 years of age
I Agree to these terms and am
13 years of age
I do not agree to these terms
Latest Headlines
Projects of the Month: June 2019
Projects of the Month: May 2019
TI-Trek Icon Making Contest
CC23 Results!
Online Users
There are 203 users online: 0 members and 203 guests.
Members: None.
RSS & Social Media
Follow @cemetech
'Like' Cemetech
News Headlines
Latest Posts
Latest Uploads
You must log in to view SAX chat widget.
Christopher Mitchell
:: Page Execution Time: 0.087913 seconds.


text:
George Willett
Tel: 650.325.8603
Click thumbnail to view larger image
Use this form to send a comment or question to ZAKS Illustrators Source -
To contact the illustrator use the link or email provided at the top of this page.
note: not all illustrators have provided emails or links.
Click here to go
back to ZAKS Illustrators Source ....
Thanks For visiting. Come back again soon.


text:
I have met the most amazing, talented people this year. The blogosphere is a world all to itself. Anne Harwell from Annechovie is one of these people. Visit her blog and see what I am talking about. She is an artist and paints all different types of things, but her chairs are one my favorites. I sent a tissue box with her chairs on it as a thank you for a wonderful post she did on me.
I was in the shower thinking (I do my best thinking there) about projects for the fall and winter. Anne's artwork popped in my head, I thought how wonderful to collaborate with her. Put her art on my art. A new twist. I work mostly with vintage images and I am finding that there are so many artists work that would look great on what I do.
So, here is the first of what I hope to be many fun projects. The tissue box and matches will be done in limited quantities.


text:
Season six of Game of Thrones capped off last week, and it got us thinking -- the Mother of Dragons is the ultimate recruiter. The character of Daenerys Targaryen has some serious leadership skills that gained the support of armies, fleets, and villages who followed her on her quest to the Iron Throne. Tyrion Lannister was recently recruited and Theon and Yara Greyjoy had their job interviews this season as well.
It begs the question, if you were applying for a role in the hot new startup, The Iron Throne, would you have the traits to get hired?
Let's take a look at the pool of candidates within the Seven Kingdoms. Who would you be?:
Tyrion Lannister, CFOPic Credit: YouTubeAfter holding former positions of Master of Coin and Hand of the King at King's Landing, the results-driven chief revenue officer has the perfect resume to advise the Queen on how to turn problems into opportunities. While Tyrion isn't blessed with height, he makes up for it in intellect and a good eye for strategy. He taught Jon Snow how to use his bastardness to his advantage, and gives good counsel to Daenerys Targaryen at Dragon's (formerly Slaver's) Bay in Season 6.
Theon Greyjoy, the entitled internPic Credit: YouTubeSome junior candidates can feel entitled to their job based on nepotism, educational background, or even a high-level recommendation. But, no one cares where you're from in the workforce - it just matters if you can deliver results.
Despite not being raised in the Iron Islands, Theon boasted his title as Lord and expected the Iron army to follow him immediately after his arrival home. But no one cared! He hadn't proven his worth. Every speech he made started with his title, but he was actually a poor leader, fighter, and crumbles under pressure when presented with problems.
Ramsay Bolton, the leader by terrorPic Credit: YouTubeIf you're the kind of manager who threatens people to get things done, you're probably not a leader. Ramsay's signature move is to 'flay' people who cross him. While this may lead to people doing what they're told, it's not proactive and it doesn't win him any friends - at all. In fact, he's the worst of the worst. And then what happened? It backfired. Massively. Ramsey's lack of empathy and viciousness got him to where he wanted to be, but he wound up betrayed by his own hounds and Sansa Stark, who was keen to get her revenge.
The High Sparrow, the brand evangelistPic Credit: YouTubeWhile the high sparrow is an antagonist in the show, you'll definitely want someone like him on your team. If he was on Twitter, he would have a couple thousand followers. Everyone needs a storyteller and someone who is loyal to the brand. No matter what negative feedback the High Sparrow hears about The Faith of the Seven, he will make sure that the company message is heard loud and clear by everyone. Every CEO wants each staff member to be a brand evangelist.
Cersei Lannister, the office sociopathCredit: YouTubeThis staff member will do whatever it takes to get what they want, and take over the culture of the office with their craziness until they have nothing left to lose. Even their closest friend or ally (i.e. Tomman) will throw themselves out a window to escape their levels of crazy. The office sociopath is a dangerous one.
Sansa, the intern-turned-managerCredit: YouTubeLike most interns, Sansa didn't know much about the politics and roles early on in the series. She was a meek, gullible shy Stark who did what she was told and didn't know how to play the game. But by Season 6 she had a hand in strategising the defeat of Ramsey's army and smirked as he was devoured by dogs. When it comes to career development, it took some time, but eventually Sansa came into her own. As a junior, try be more like Sansa!
Margaery Tyrell, the cunning angel in disguiseCredit: YouTubeThis employee is good at playing nice and acting innocent when the boss is around, but behind the mask she's already plotting how to bring others down so she can work her way up. Even if it means she has to be in a relationship with the bosses to get that promotion. But some angels eventually fall....
Jaime Lannister, the mediatorCredit: YouTubeThe mediator is good at his job, that's how he manages to be on everyone's good side. If he has a problem with his colleagues, he doesn't go directly to HR and demand the other party to be fired. He is willing to talk and just come up with a civil solution than result to drastic measures.
Arya Stark, the apprenticeCredit: FlickrArya was once an apprentice. Twice, if you count her training in Bravos. This is often the type of officemate who comes in on her first day without a single idea about what she has to do but has a strong drive to learn. She asks about everything and trains hard until she becomes the master herself and uses those learnings to her advantage. She's smart, cunning and although young, has wisdom beyond her years.
Jon Snow, the future CEOCredit: YouTubeJon Snow doesn't have amazing leadership skills, so he leads by example. After all, he "knows nothing", but his strong morals and values helps him make smart decisions. In Jon Snow's case, he's the leader that everyone wants to have, but because of office politics, it's hard to promote him. However, he got there eventually, didn't he?
Play your own Game of Thrones and find your true career path here with Monster.


text:
Do you care if your hotel has good art?
It's Queen Elizabeth, but not as we know her. Oblivious to the world, she sits blissed-out and eyes closed beneath her crown in a giant photograph, a piece of art from Britain's cutting-edge Saatchi Collection.
But she's not on show in a museum, or an art gallery.
This tranche of Britain's finest contemporary collection is laid out in London's Churchill Hotel, and there are no lines to get in or entrance fees.
The Churchill is one of a growing number of properties putting themselves up as substitutes for the world's leading art galleries.
Blame it on Las Vegas, where Impressionist paintings were brought in by the Bellagio in 1998 to set it apart as the poshest place on the Strip, a repository of culture as well as gambling and showgirls.
The hotel is currently showing Monets from the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, the kind of show that would attract long lines in the treasure houses of the world's capital cities.
More on CNNGo: Chinese hotels open a window on Chinese art
London and Las Vegas (where the Venetian opened with its own branch of the Guggenheim) are not alone.
New York's Gramercy sports Warhols and Picassos, La Colombe d'Or on the French Riviera is bedecked with Picassos and works by Matisse and Calder, while the Rome Cavalieri has a Tiepolo, one of the greatest of all Old Masters.
Then there's the Ritz-Carlton Millenia in Singapore, attempting to trump everyone by investing in 4,200 contemporary artworks, and the Saxon in Johannesburg, claiming the world's largest collection of African art.
In Britain, the Broomhill Art Hotel in Devon abuts a four-hectare sculpture park, while in Copenhagen the trendy Hotel Fox wows guests with Manga cartoons.
And Hong Kong-based Peninsula Hotels are now running art tours for guests as just another facet of upper-crust hospitality.
More on CNNGo: Why art lovers should visit Hong Kong now
Why art?
But why are hotels so obsessed with art? Do travelers really choose hotels for what hangs in frames on the walls?
"I'm much more motivated by the location and the quality of the rooms," says frequent traveler, Nick Winter.
Though he admits: "When I do find myself staying somewhere with a thought-provoking painting or installation, it stops me in my tracks. I wouldn't choose a hotel for the art, but I would certainly remember my stay if the art was amazing."
From the customer's viewpoint the attraction is getting a cultural lift on a business trip which may not allow time for a gallery or museum outing.
The art is not only on the premises but is generally free to view; you're not likely to have to stand in line and there are armchairs to flop in.
But what's in it for hotels -- besides the potential investment value -- when they could be putting their money into bigger rooms, better food or new amenities like a pool or a spa with a more immediate chance of revenue?
"Some guests come only for the art and my services," says Domoina de Brantes, art concierge at Raffles' Le Royal Monceau in Paris.
"We have a huge collection of more than 300 pieces, revolving exhibitions of photography, plus I recommend a specific cultural event to guests every day.
"They want to be kept informed of the latest exhibitions and art events, so I get enquiries from them every day and also reach out to them with an art newsletter."
The hotel appointed an art concierge because designer Philippe Starck, who oversaw its transformation from grande dame into cutting-edge hotel, dictated it, given the hotel's mission statement to be dedicated to art and culture.
More on CNNGo: Austria's bodypaint festival -- nice bodies of work
People talk
There's also the talking-point factor, cited by the Churchill Hotel as a good reason for collaborating with the Saatchi Collection, which is bolder with its purchases than grand institutions like London's Tate Modern.
"Not everyone will like the pieces we have on show, although some will love them, but it certainly gets people talking about the hotel as well as the art," says spokesperson Henny Frazer.
She points out that the hotel has partnered with London's cutting-edge Frieze Art Fair since 2008, "So we're delighted to continue our association with world-renowned contemporary art."
From the gallery side, Bianca Gidwani, spokesperson for the Saatchi Collection, says: "The gallery's role is to bring art to as wide an audience as possible. Where better than a prestigious hotel with a constant stream of visitors from all over the world?
"It's wonderful to see contemporary art installed in places which freely allow people to reflect on it as they go about their everyday lives."
Three hotels worth visiting for the art
21c Museum Hotel, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
Kentucky, better known for its thoroughbreds and mint juleps, seems an unlikely location for this hotel which has been hailed as one of the best in the world, and its owners are even more unlikely.
Laura Lee Brown and Steve Wilson are farmers who raise bison, hogs and chickens, but also have a passion for "the art of today."
The concept combines hostelry and gallery and has been so popular that a second Museum Hotel will open soon in Cincinnati and two more are on the cards for next year.
Don't expect the world's biggest names, though the exhibitors are all up and comers who have shown internationally, but do expect to have your socks knocked off by eye-popping paintings, sculptures, digital art and installations.
700 W. Main St., Louisville, Ky., United States; +1 502 217 6300; www.21cMuseumHotels.com; from US$249
Hyatt Regency Churchill Hotel, London, England
This hotel, with a great London location where Mayfair meets Marylebone at Marble Arch, takes its commitment to art seriously.
It has a long-standing collaboration with Charles Saatchi, who owns Britain's most cutting-edge international contemporary collection.
The current show is themed around sport to coincide with the London Olympics, but watch out for the Giants -- two lumberjack figures who loom over the sofa at the entrance to the restaurant.
They are leftovers from the last Saatchi show, and created such a talking point the hotel couldn't bear to give them back.
"Making Waves" runs till October 2012; 30 Portman Square, London W1; +44 20 7486 5800; london.churchill.hyatt.com; from US$574
The Bellagio, Las Vegas, United States
It may not be free to view, but the art on show in this upscale Strip hotel is out-of-this-world class.
Since opening in 1998 to house the personal collection of "Mr. Las Vegas" Steve Wynn, the original owner of the hotel, the Bellagio has exhibited everything from priceless Van Goghs and Warhols to Fabergé eggs from the Kremlin.
A large gallery -- new owners MGM relocated it to a larger space on the pool promenade -- means no lines, and there's no charge for the photography on show next to the paid exhibits. Or for the light show put on by the dazzling colored fountains as you exit.
"Claude Monet: Impressions of Light" runs till January 6, 2013; 3600 Las Vegas Blvd. S., Las Vegas, United States; +1 702 693 7111; www.bellagio.com; from US$149


text:
I've some doubt in infopath 2007.
I want to use infopath in offline mode. but in the template I have a lookup column which needs to be retrieved from external database (sharepoint list).
So how do I open that form in offline mode(No network access) and retrieve those values.
I have tried some other ways but no result. can u help me out ?


text:
I guess the majority of the day today will consists of some pretty easy tutorials. I figured that since a lot of the lessons that have recently gone up, they are a little overwhelming for some of your novice artists out there. I made more than a few fun, and simple lessons that I think you will all love. Let us begin with learning "how to draw cakes", step by step. I know what you're saying, "cakes"? Yes that's right, I think you will all agree that drawing food in a cute, simple way is going to be a nice refreshing touch. In the past when I would upload chibi style food, everyone loved it. So today I will start once again, but I won't go too far with the idea. To kick off food in the right pan, let us draw cakes and decorate them your own way. This is a fun and simple lesson to follow, and you should be able to knock it out in about five minutes or even less. That's about it, enjoy this submission folks and let me know what you think by faving, commenting, and rating.
DragoArt members upload artwork and drawing tutorials! They are also allowed to leave comments on tutorials, profiles, etc. Many more features, as well; it's way better than just being a boring guest! Register Now!


text:
There are times that we all have or will face with our beloved retrievers that causes our hearts to ache with the pain of loss. Many who have not shared this special bond with a dog won't understand why we grieve as if we have lost a child, a best friend, a dearest companion. But those of us who have experienced this pain do understand.
If you have a favorite tribute or condolence poem that has brought comfort to you, please share it with us.


text:
Written By: NM State Athletic Dept.
LAS CRUCES, N.M. - CollegeSportsMadness.com recently announced its baseball preseason all-conference teams and All-American teams with New Mexico State well represented.
Senior right-hand pitcher Adam Mott and senior short stop Parker Hipp were named first team members on the preseason team, while infielder Tanner Rust and outfielder Kyle Phillips earned second team honors.
Parker Hipp earned CollegeSportsMadness.com All-American honors as he was named to the fourth team. Hipp finished off his junior campaign at NM State as he did his sophomore campaign, by being honored as a second-team All-WAC player. Hipp started at second base for the Aggies during all 59 games of the 2012 season, finishing with a .929 fielding percentage and a team-high 148 assists. His .349 batting average was good enough for second-best on the Aggie squad and third-best among WAC players. This will be Hipp's first season at shortstop for the Aggies.
Mott began his Aggie career by becoming an integral part of NM State's starting pitching rotation in 2012. He appeared in 19 games while making 14 starts for the Aggies. He finished with a 6-3 record, a 4.80 earned run average (ERA) and 78 strikeouts.
Rust played in 48 games and started 38 of those as a sophomore. He started 20 games at designated hitter and the other 18 starts were at first base.
The Aggies open the season with the Annual Alumni Game, Saturday, Feb. 9 at 2:00 p.m. at Presley Askew Field. The regular season starts with a four-game series against UW-Milwaukee, Friday and Saturday, Feb. 15-16. For ticket information call the Pan American Center ticket office at 575-646-1420.


text:
Munich Offers a Long History of Technology
AllThingsD's Ina Fried tours the Deutsches Museum in Munich, Germany. The museum's collection traces the history of computing, photography and aviation from their origins to the modern day.
This transcript has been automatically generated and may not be 100% accurate.
... Ina Fried AllThingsD and units are many tricks Museum ... where it from the little bit of computer history ... sitting behind me is an IBM system three sixteen one of the early computers ... is also used about ... a bunch of other IBM computers ... as fulsome chairman computers he made out of her ... here we come up with Siemens thousand feet ... but it doesn't look like a computer from two thousand cute that because it's not seen in two thousand to dates back to nineteen sixty ... and is another one of the computers filled entire rooms ... here we have another computer that many people heard of but never seen ... the unit that point ... about forty nine of the storm made this one was actually in use ... in Germany at the ... Institute in Frankfurt from nineteen fifty six ... to nineteen sixty three ... especially of course we make it into the euro my for computers ... seem peers IBM PC ... as well as the Commodore pet ... the sexual left remember this ... this is the dial telephone and so the way this before it gets when you dial the number the curtain ... one time for a number that he doubts if you don't need ... the current was erupted in the car and and that's how ... the system knew what number you would turn the tide ... this year's ... musical instruments in their history but some of us on that at this machine here ... is ... the ... he e e e e e ... the new year devoted to that ... I'll meet you ... including the very near the top ... for the history of the park or the from from the earliest camera ... that that those who do you think and use it to be ... read into it you will including ... this weekend with a bid for the Palm Island ... Kodak MP three player with a rod ... what are the first to reference the Nokia seventy six ... just make it is really going to happen this ... year we have a spike in trades including one that built into some books ... another good about ... this ... in yet another the bill into law in ... another popular area in the field with the history of aviation ... modern helicopters ... early plaintiffs ... its signature pieces of their collection is this nineteen owning rate brothers ... have seen the rate coupled with her take a ... cue from all of them even when Rivers played the woman pity for making it free ... well they have that if a quick look back at some of the technology of the past that richer Museum in Munich


text:
Laurie Anderson, now 63 years old, brought her violin, allied musical accoutrements and minimalist set pieces to Berkeley's Zellerbach Auditorium on September 18, where out of the contradictions manifest in scientific investigation, Tibetan cult mysteries, and lessons she has learned from a dog's life, she spun a web of comedic intrigue.
Appearing in a loose-fitting white shirt and tie, black slacks and white shoes, and sporting a scruffy do that was its own hybrid—punk plus low maintenance—she, herself, especially when she tucks her violin into the crook of her neck as if it were her heart—evokes something sculptural and pleasantly exotic. She is Electronica Untamed and also Electronica Informed—by a classical education in music, philosophy and science.
The porridge-like sounds that result from the mix of her violin and the Tide music program she supplements it with, eventually refine themselves into a clean and nearly virtuosic blend. Scattered around her are cupcake-sized floor lights. They soften the space and distract the eye from the tech clutter Anderson manipulates to bring her show to its climax.
A quote from Darwin is her opening gambit: "The sight of a feather in a peacock's tail, whenever I gaze at it, makes me sick!" Twisting Darwin's survival of the fittest theory, she says that maybe he really meant survival of the strongest, flirting with a trope of Social Darwinism that the evolutionary theorist did not intend as the takeaway from his arduous research. But according to Anderson, there was the peacock, and even if the peacock wasn't the fittest, he was indeed the finest, and so became the man of the evolutionary hour, thumbing his tail at all that Darwin stood for. She moves from this apostasy to muse about other narcissistic outcroppings staring up at us from the underside of the Universe. Here's one: What if Earth is not the only planet possessing a population and culture? And why do we insist on calling it Earth, anyway, when it is mostly dirt? Why not Planet Dirt? The way Anderson sees it, it has become more of a battleground than a playground—why not call it by the lowly name it has earned? And on it goes, examining the Talmudic-like loopholes that have Israelis raising pigs on wooden platforms because it is not kosher to raise them on Israeli soil.
She returns to the USA and its recent passage of the U.S. Defense Authorization Act, which allows for indefinite detention of U.S. citizens deemed terrorists or terrorist threats by the government or military. She cites Paul Revere and his cry, "The British are coming!" Didn't mostly everyone responding to the cry view themselves as British to begin with? So who exactly was it that was coming? She sidesteps the class implications of the first American Revolution. It was the British monarchy coming in the form of its proxy mercenaries to beat back the bourgeois revolution of now-American colonialists. That's who it was! Instead of making clear the relationship of forces at work, she quips, "Ever since then, 'we' have been waiting for an enemy to show up, and if none did, it seems that 'we' are predisposed to manufacture one. Maybe the enemy is ourselves." she proposes, luxuriating in the homo-seditionist overtones of her observation, but again confabulating those who rule with those who are ruled, a common confusion, not to mention one of many annoying obstacles to the advancement of class consciousness.
Anderson's discourse turns to memories, dreams and their "tangled interpretations." This fantastic voyage leads to Wall Street and its commoditization of everything, even things that don't exist. "They buy and sell futures," she says incredulously, "things they predict will some day come about but don't exist now." The capitalists' dreams are so outsized that she is put in mind of SIDS [Sudden Infant Death Syndrome], where one theory says that babies dream of their past life in the womb where they didn't breathe, and in some uber-Stanislovsky commitment to realism, simply stop breathing and die. The idea that we are asleep half of our lives and that she has therefore been asleep for 21 years, terrifies her. Continuing in the vein of tangled interpretations, Anderson says of the elections, "The best story gets our vote, whether it is true or not. We are going to go for the biggest, bushiest and most colorful tale."
That the earth's centrifugal force doesn't send us flying off of it fascinates Anderson. "It spins around in space as if it's trying to get rid of us. The good news," she says, as if she is sharing an epiphany, "is that we have so many regrets that we have [plenty of material for] country music." According to Anderson, everyone ends up with the wrong person, and that is what makes the juke box spin."
There is a sequence about her now-deceased dog Lula Belle that is unabashedly calculated to snag those who participate in the high profile Cult of the Dog that we see practiced widely in the San Francisco Bay Area, side by side with those who embrace the homilies of The Tibetan Book of the Dead. Her dog took piano lessons, and she screens video of Lula Belle's interpretations. She lampoons some of the Tibetan beliefs, at the same time seeming to endorse them in spite of her earlier salute to science. She clearly relishes feasting at the banquet of her own contradictions, and thereby distancing any audience member who is so presumptuous as to claim her for his or her camp.
Her finale has us, on the one hand, viewing New York from above, as a world of "glass and light." On the other hand, she relates the story of her visit to a tent city in the woods of Lakewood, New Jersey. It is a Junkman's Obbligato of the real state of the union, not to mention the real estate of the union, a place where The Now is also the future, tendered by homeless women who make little birdhouse tent city souvenirs out of scraps of wood to sell to women from neighboring towns who live in actual homes.
The full-house audience at Zellerbach roars its approval, and she honors them with a haunting violin solo that (almost) rights the Planet Dirt back on its axis as we exit.


text:
The final Con†Stellation is over 🙁
😀↪ But, join us for Not-A-Con 2019!! ↩😀
😀↪ Which will be 18–19 October ↩😀
We will be transforming the Con†Stellation pages into a history site
Please bear with us as that transition will take some time
Con†Stellation XXXV: Horologium (The Clock)
13–15 October 2017——Huntsville, Alabama
|GoH: Mary Robinette Kowal
|Artist GoH: David O. Miller
|MC: Toni Weisskopf
This page is still partially a stub with collected notes on our existing (and sometimes out-of-date) list of external links. Vetting items on this list is continuing, but there's still stuff To Do and this may still take some time to complete. If a link doesn't work please check back later to see if we've updated it or e-mail us with a correction.
Worldcons are the annual World Science Fiction Conventions, the sites of which are selected 2 years in advance. Site selection for Worldcon (as well as voting for the Hugo Awards) is held per rules of the World Science Fiction Society, aka WSFS. When Worldcon is outside of North America, WSFS rules allow that there may be a North American Science Fiction Convention (NASFiC) held that year. "World Science Fiction Society," "WSFS," "World Science Fiction Convention," "Worldcon," "NASFiC," "Hugo Award," and the distinctive design of the Hugo Award Rocket are service marks of the World Science Fiction Society, an unincorporated literary society.


text:
The Franklin County Genealogical Society will present Andrew Austin's story in film of "Modern Icarus: The Story of Morris Sheppard (1998-1941). Known later in life as "The Father of Prohibition,"
Mr. Sheppard was born about 40 miles from here in Naples, Texas. The program is set for 7 p.m. Monday, Feb. 18 in the First National Bank's Century Room. For more details about the event, see the Feb. 14 edition of the Mount Vernon Optic-Herald.


text:
Hotpod Yoga uses cookies and similar technologies on its website. By continuing your browsing after being presented with the cookie information you consent to such use.
The easiest way to buy your passes and manage your bookings, available for Android and iOS.
forgotten password?
create account
purchase and book
try Hotpod Yoga
Create account
Signup to studio
Passwords must be at least 8 characters, have one upper case letter, one number and one special character.
By proceeding you are agreeing to our Terms & Conditions
I confirm that I am over the age of 16. I understand that classes may be physically strenuous and I voluntarily participate in them with full knowledge that there is risk of personal injury, property loss or death. To the fullest extent permitted by law, Hotpod Yoga shall not be liable in contract, tort, negligence, breach of statutory duty or otherwise for any loss, damage, costs or expenses of any nature whatsoever incurred or suffered by me, except in the case of death or personal injury caused by Hotpod Yogau2019s negligence or fraud.
It looks like you've already created an account with our booking system, GoTeamUp. You can either log in with your existing details, reset your password, or try again with another email address.
You'll soon receive an email from TeamUp (our booking system provider) with instructions on how to reset your password.
Uh oh! The pass on your account isn't valid for this particular class. Please purchase a valid class pass or book a different class.
Sun 1st March
13:00 - 15:00
Studio Workshop - Happy Hips
or back to Class Schedule
All class purchases and registrations must be made in advance through our website or app.
37 degrees – hot enough to have a good sweat, but not so hot that it will leave you feeling faint.
Absolutely! All classes are suitable for beginners. Take the class at your own pace and remember you can take a restorative pose whenever you need.
Your Instructor
Lotte Bowser
Hotpod Yoga in London (Hackney)
Designed for all experience levels
Classes must be booked online in advance