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Electric vehicles charging into U.S.
Consumers are intrigued, but will 'range anxiety' and cost detour sales?
The first electric cars from Nissan are being delivered to customers, and the first shipments of the Chevrolet Volt plug-in hybrid have left the Michigan factory and are on the way to dealerships in California and Texas.
Nissan delivered the first of its all-new Leaf model last weekend in San Francisco, and other deliveries followed in Southern California and Arizona. A Tennessee customer will get his car Tuesday, the first delivery in the state where Nissan has its U.S. headquarters.
That means electric cars are here, whether consumers are ready or not. And that's still quite debatable, auto industry experts say.
Standing in the way of pure electric cars such as the Nissan Leaf is the short driving range before the battery needs recharging — about 100 miles for the Leaf — and the higher prices that electrics are commanding compared with conventional vehicles.
Development of all-electrics and extended-range electrics such as the Volt, which has a small gasoline engine that powers the electric motor when the battery runs down, is being driven by rapidly approaching, tough new federal fuel-economy standards.
The five-passenger Leaf hatchback operates entirely on battery power, runs at highway speeds and is priced at just less than $33,000. That puts it into the premium class, although with federal and varying state tax breaks, the cost for early buyers can drop to the low $20,000s.
Most Americans are willing to consider green technologies such as electric cars and hybrids to help reduce dependence on foreign oil, but few are willing to pay more for a fuel-efficient or environmentally friendly car, according to a recent study by the Consumer Reports National Research Center.
"Consumers are increasingly considering an electrified car, either a hybrid or pure electric, but that's not to say they definitely will buy it," said Jeff Bartlett, deputy online editor for autos at Consumer Reports. "The first step is to get people interested. What we're seeing is a positive trend toward not just electrified cars but alternative-fuel vehicles in general."
But consumers are very price-conscious, too, he said. "The green machines that sell will be those that can compete with regular cars, yet have green attributes as well."
It's clear for now, though, that early adopters of the Leaf are mostly technology buffs or environmentally conscious consumers who have a fascination with electric cars and want to be the first on their blocks to own a Leaf.
Among them is retired computer programmer Doug Korthof, 67, of Seal Beach, Calif., who already has a fleet of earlier electric vehicles in his garage — and he recharges them from solar panels on the roof of his house.
"We're very enthusiastic about the Leaf," he said of himself and his wife. "We have one on order. We're longtime electric-car and solar-power drivers."
Other electrics are coming, as well, including one from Mini, the British-based BMW subsidiary. That company already has placed 450 of its Mini-E demonstration vehicles in the hands of would-be consumers in New York and Los Angeles.
What the pure electrics all have in common is that they run on battery power alone and must be recharged from an external power source.
There is a fear among many consumers — something that the auto industry calls "range anxiety" — that they'll get stuck somewhere with a dead battery and no way to recharge it.
The standard 240-volt residential charger takes about seven hours to top off the Leaf's battery pack, and most Leaf buyers are expected to recharge overnight in their garages.
But there are higher-powered (and more expensive) chargers that can do the job in three or four hours and even faster ones that take just 30 minutes or less.
Nissan hopes to overcome consumer anxiety by installing plenty of chargers in public places, such as parking garages, hotels, shopping centers and airports.
Along highways, the fast chargers will be put at restaurants and convenience stores. Cracker Barrel Old Country Stores, for instance, will install the fast chargers at 24 of its locations in Tennessee by next summer.
So far, Nissan is the only major automaker to make the multibillion-dollar investment in pure electric cars, and some analysts believe that it's a gamble that won't pay off anytime soon, if at all.
But Nissan Chairman and CEO Carlos Ghosn says he believes the time has come for an automaker to make a serious commitment to electrics, and he wanted Nissan to be the first.
The company will spend more than $1 billion to build a lithium-ion battery plant and add a Leaf assembly line at its Smyrna manufacturing complex, with production to begin in late 2012.
Until then, the company will import Leafs from a plant in Japan that has limited capacity, which means the vehicles will be in short supply until the Smyrna operation goes online.
Nissan began taking orders for the Leaf in early September, after allowing consumers to make "reservations" — complete with a $99 refundable deposit — since April.
The company plans to make 20,000 of the Leaf cars available to the U.S. market during the first year, and it cut off reservations when it reached that mark. It remains to be seen whether all 20,000 of those customers who reserved a Leaf actually will buy one, though, and Nissan won't say how many of them have placed an actual purchase order.
"We stopped taking new reservations when we hit 20,000, but reservation doesn't always equal order, and order doesn't always equal delivery," said Mark Perry, director of product planning and strategy for Nissan North America Inc.
"We're trying not to get too excited," he said. "Early adopters have been anxiously awaiting their Leafs for a while, but we knew it wasn't going to be 100 percent (of those who made reservations). They have to go to a dealer, make a down payment and commit to purchase or lease. But we now have a much better feeling for what to expect."
The initial rollout is limited to just five states — Tennessee, Arizona, California, Oregon and Washington. Texas will be added early next year, and other states will follow in stages before the Leaf will be available nationwide.
Several electric vehicles were introduced in the 1990s, but they were produced only in very limited quantities and made available mostly just to people in California, which had mandated that automakers come up with a zero-emissions alternative for their fleets in that state.
Those electrics included the General Motors EV1 and Honda EV hatchbacks and the Ford Ranger EV pickup, which were leased to consumers but never sold, and the first generation of the Toyota RAV4 electric — the only one that people could buy and keep.
Korthof, the Seal Beach computer programmer, bought three of the original RAV4 electrics and has kept them maintained, he said. "They're still going strong."
Range anxiety?
"We don't have it," Korthof said. "Once you live with an electric car, you realize the range anxiety thing is a crock. We have never run out of juice."
And "once you start driving an electric vehicle, you become radicalized," he said. "You really enjoy that you don't have to stop at gas stations anymore."
Another option for consumers is the Volt, which is somewhere between today's hybrids and the pure electrics. Called a plug-in hybrid, the Volt also is limited to a handful of states for now, including Texas, but will be available nationwide within a year or so.
It can go up to 40 miles on a single charge and can be recharged using the same chargers as the Leaf. But if no chargers are available, it can go an additional 300 miles on gasoline.
Some consumers, such as Atlanta TV producer George Klein, 48, are considering both vehicles. For him, the price of the Volt is a big consideration: It's $41,000 but would drop into the low $30,000s with the available tax breaks.
Either one can be leased for about $350 a month, though, and he said he probably would choose the Volt if he decides to lease rather than to buy.
"I'm probably going to buy the Leaf, but the Volt might be more practical," Klein said. "As much as I like the Leaf, it is just a commuter car. I can use it to get around town, but I will need another vehicle for trips."
Still, he said, "I don't think that people who buy the Leaf generally will have range anxiety. They know what they're getting into — they are electric-vehicle proponents."
Contact Express-News automotive columnist G. Chambers Williams III at 210-250-3236 or email@example.com.


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The Dow Filmtec XLE-2521 reverse osmosis membrane elements operate at very low applied pressure. The Filmtec XLE-2521 membrane is made with a patented technology and provides consistent and reliable system performance. The new XLE series of elements replaces the Dow Filmtec TW30LE elements which were made with an older membrane technology. Tape-wrapped elements are built with the same high quality membranes and materials of construction as industrial elements, without the hard outer shell. This makes them more economical for commercial systems with one or two elements per housing. The Filmtec XLE-2521 is the most productive, lowest pressure RO membrane element. The Filmtec XLE-2521 may be cleaned over the widest pH range (pH 1-13) for the most effective cleaning. Dimensions: 2.4-inch X 21-inch.
- Genuine OEM Product
Reduces the following contaminants:
- The FILMTEC-XLE-2521 does not reduce fluoride
|Used In Brands
|Manufacturer's Id
|Actual Size (in)
|21 inches (length) x 2 2/5 inches (width)
|Actual Size (cm)
|53.34 x 6.096
|Polyamide Thin-Film Composite
|Primary Filter Media
|Semi-Permeable Membrane
|Maximum Operating Pressure (psi)
|Maximum Temperature (°F)
|Flow Rate (gpm)
|Flow Rate (lpm)
|Chlorine Tolerance
|< 0.1 ppm
|Additional Information
|Operating pH Range: 2-11 (Max temp for operation above pH 10 is 95 F/35 C), Cleaning pH Range: 1 - 13, Salt Rejection: 99%
- Dow Filmtec XLE-2521 Commercial Reverse Osmosis Systems:
- The Dow Filmtec XLE-2521 Extra Low Energy Commercial Reverse Osmosis Membrane can be used in many brands of Commercial Reverse Osmosis Water Filtration Systems.
- Dow Filmtec XLE-2521 Reverse Osmosis System Accessories:
- Use a TDS Meter to monitor the Total Dissolved Solids before and after the Filmtec XLE-2521 Commercial Reverse Osmosis Membrane.
- Use a Digital RO Tank Pressure Gauge to monitor the Reverse Osmosis Tank Pressure.

subset: commoncrawl


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About KZ Index
The KZ-Index (Kaplan-Zingales Index) is a relative measurement of reliance on external financing. Companies with a higher KZ-Index scores are more likely to experience difficulties when financial conditions tighten since they may have difficulty financing their ongoing operations.
1) The model is a probabilistic model, so it will not perfectly predict which companies are financially constrained and which are not, but it should help to raise warning flags.
2) The synthetic KZ-Index that we use was developed only for non-financial firms, so it is safest to disregard financial firms' KZ-Index scores.
The score is relative, so knowledge of the overall universe of firms is helpful to gauge the standing of the firm. Here are percentiles of scores for all companies in our database as of September 2nd, 2011:
90th: 10.12 (10% of companies have higher - worse - scores than this)
75th: 3.57
50th: 1.01
25th: -2.78
10th: -14.43 (10% of companies have lower - better - scores than this)
For interested users, our index is based on of the Synthetic Kaplan-Zingales Index presented in Lamont, Polk, and Saa-Requejo (2001), Financial Constraints and Stock Returns.
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text: Welcome to FLOMO®. FLOMO® is a major national brand of quality gift bags, gift wrapping accessories, party supplies, holiday/seasonal products, photo frames, ceramic gifts, plush items, bows, ribbons, school supplies, fundraising brochure items, holiday shop items, and more. FLOMO® brand products can be found in stores across the United States and Central and South America, including mass market retailers, discount stores, major retailers, party supply stores, gift shops, drugstores, supermarkets, chain stores, fundraising brochures, and mail order companies.


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NEW! Associate in Claims—Management (AIC-M™)
Reduce time and costs, improve customer satisfaction and retention, and avoid costly lawsuits with the Associate in Claims program. With this program, you'll improve your technical claim-handling skills, communication and negotiation skills, good-faith claim-handling abilities, and in-depth policy knowledge.
Getting Started:
Get the tools you need to make the most of your AIC experience
Register online now for an AIC-related exam
Learn about the courses that make up the AIC program


text:
Archive for Oslo
My Favourite Photos of 2012Posted by: | Comments
The problem with writing about all the wonderful places I've visited in 2012 is that I simply couldn't do them justice in a single blog post. Instead, I've chosen my favourite photos I've taken this year.
Donbass Arena
I travelled to the city of Donetsk in Eastern Ukraine for the Euro 2012 match between England and France. It was a beautiful summers day and I had time to look around the city and soak up the sun. The game was played in the Donbass Arena, a magnificent, modern football stadium. As it as the summer, there was still a hint of sunlight after the game and I was able to capture this photo.
Blue Dragon Nudibranch
In April, we took a family holiday to Sharm el Sheikh in Egypt, a place where I have dived many times before. I'm not sure what was different about this trip but I seem very tuned in to find different nudibranchs and slugs whilst I was diving. I found this Blue Dragon Nudibranch on the wreck of the Yolanda at the very tip of the Sinai.
Oslo Harbour
Oslo Harbour is one of the main tourist areas of the city and is wonderful place to be during the long summer days. It is also the starting point for a number of short cruises around the many beautiful fjords and inlets.
Scallop, Aldeburgh
There are some lovely towns and villages along the Suffolk coast. Aldeburgh is one of these places and although it is probably best known for its wonderful fish and chips the Scallop just to the north of the town has been the cause of discussion. This sculpture is dedicated to the composer, Benjamin Britten who used to walk along this stretch of beach. Some people think it should be taken down as it is inappropriate for a man made object along such a beautiful setting.
I've been spending a bit of time in Liverpool recently and although the city is the butt of a number of jokes, parts of the city are absolutely wonderful. One evening I took the opportunity to head over to the Wirral on the other side of the River Mersey and took this picture of the Liverpool skyline at night. It shows the iconic towers of the Royal Liver Building, the Cunard Building, the Port of Liverpool Building, the Echo Area and in the distance, the Anglican Cathedral.
Avebury Stone Circle
The stone circles in the Wiltshire village of Avebury contains the largest stone circle in Europe and is one of the best known prehistoric sites in Britain. It dates back to 2,600BC during the Neolithic period and today is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Titan Triggerfish
I wasn't sure whether to include a second underwater picture but I really like this picture of a Titan Triggerfish. These fish can grow up to 70cm long and are sometimes incredibly agressive. I've been attacked by them a few times although luckily, I've never been bitten. The thing I like about this picture is I was able to get so close to it head on.


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NAC growth sluggish as companies consider network security options
Companies are taking a wait-and-see approach, hoping the technology's maturity will make it more cost effective.
The market for enterprise NAC systems right now is a classic portrait of a market in its infancy. A handful of mostly large vendors, notably Cisco Systems Inc., Symantec Corp. and Vernier Networks, dominate the landscape at present, with a slew of smaller players scrambling to get into the team picture and attract the attention of potential customers.
But, despite the marketing hype from the vendors and the generally accepted potential utility of the technology itself, enterprise buyers seem to be taking a wait-and-see approach to large company-wide NAC deployments. More common are smaller, department-level deployments or installations at branch offices, which enable administrators to evaluate the system and its scalability before rolling it out to the entire organization.
This state of affairs is likely to change in the next two or three years, however, as Cisco completes the pieces of its NAC offering and enterprises begin deployments of Windows Vista and Longhorn Server, both of which contain pieces of the company's NAP (Network Access Protection) system. Organizations that either have a significant investment in Cisco gear or plan to roll out Vista and Longhorn in the near future likely are waiting for those offerings to be complete instead of going with one of the niche vendors, analysts and customers say.
"There's still a big question on the network side as to how detailed people will get on driving access across the network," said Pete Lindstrom, a senior analyst at Midvale, Utah-based Burton Group.
Still, the NAC market is no small affair, even at this early stage of its development. Analyst firm Internet Research Group predicts the NAC market will top $300 million in 2007 and should break the $1 billion barrier by 2010. Not all of that is going to go to Cisco and Microsoft. In fact, some large organizations already gone ahead with NAC deployments, rather than wait.
"We looked at the Cisco stuff, McAfee, Check Point and even ISS, but none of them was mature enough for what we wanted to do," said Sammy Spurlock, manager of security and disaster recovery at Standard Register, a large document services company based in Dayton, Ohio, that has deployed Symantec's Sygate Enterprise Protection. "I needed something that would help us comply with our audits, specifically around remote access. I use the agent to pull together all of the threads for our compliance efforts. I wasn't focused completely on access control, so this worked perfectly for us."
Another factor that is limiting the rate of enterprise deployments right now is the fact that many of the more advanced systems require the use of 802.1x, an authentication protocol that is not supported widely yet.
In the end, however, the larger vendors are likely to retain the lion's share of the market, as they almost always do.
"I expect some form of NAC to be integrated into the infrastructure in the next three to five years," Lindstrom said. "With the big boys like Cisco and Microsoft you really have to buy into their model directly. There will be room for the smaller players, but in big deployments the big vendors will have to win out, almost by default."


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Cook almost ready to return to Major League action
OAKLAND -- Ryan Cook is "pretty close" to being deemed ready for big league action, manager Bob Melvin said Wednesday.
The right-handed reliever, slowed in spring by shoulder inflammation, will make a rehab appearance with Class A Advanced Stockton on Thursday, and that could be Cook's final outing before coming off the disabled list when eligible Saturday.
Outfielder Craig Gentry can be activated on the same day, but it's not yet known if that will happen. Gentry's wife, Jordan, gave birth to a girl on Tuesday night in the Bay Area, and the A's will have to decide whether he needs any more Minor League at-bats following his return.
"I think I'll leave that up to the training staff and whether we feel like this period creates a gap where we feel like he needs another game," said Melvin. "I'm not certain yet."
When Gentry does return, the A's will have to designate Sam Fuld for assignment. Cook's reinstatement will force them to option either Evan Scribner or Drew Pomeranz to Triple-A Sacramento.


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Ride In 12/20: Was Fantine singing about literal tigers? That would really change my understanding of that song
My first stop on my very lazy trip was the Wells Fargo at Pennsylvania and 10th. I deposited some checks at the ATM. Before this, I leisurely rode down to and around the Capitol, directed away from my normal path through the plaza/parking lot in front of the Capitol by one and then another member of the Capitol police, standing out front and blocking the entrance. I followed some other bike commuters around toward the north side of the building, where we were able to pick up another path and follow that to the driveway which dumped out at the bottom of the hill. At the very bottom of that driveway, the one on the Senate side of the Capitol, there is a security gate. And there's also a big planter. And there's some metal bollards. All of these serve to restrict, I guess, the movement of cars. But they're tremendously hazardous to bicyclists, so I urge you to be very careful if you happen to be biking along there. AND, to make matters worse, recently (within the last month, maybe), they've moved a metal fence-let there and have placed it between the planter and one of the metal posts, further restricting the movement of bicyclists. Ugh. Dear state security apparatus: either restrict access or don't. You really needn't be so passive-aggressive about the whole thing.
After the bank, I followed Pennsylvania for another block (I rode on the sidewalk because I'm one of those terrible people) and then rode on the street, 11th street, for a block before stopping to ascertain whether the line at Starbucks was too long. I drink Starbucks because I'm one of those terrible people. The line was too long, or at least too long for my patience, which even on a slow, leisurely, bike ride, is easily tested. I set off again and followed 11th northward, for that is the way that I needed to go.
There were bicyclists aplenty on 11th. There were also a few on R, including one man in a bright orange coat who took umbrage at more than one driver who partially blocked the bike lane in anticipation of making a right turn. His umbrage took the form of touching the side panel of a taxi and it also took the form of verbally scolding a driver a few blocks later. That's a lot of umbrage. He was the bike lane defender and he was going to defend the sanctity of the bike lane against all interlopers. I never know how to feel about these sorts of people. I am very much not one of them and part of me is deeply embarrassed by their levels of righteous extroversion. But on the other hand, much of me is deeply in awe of their self-assuredness and unwillingness to be slighted.
It's sort of cool when you diverge from a bike commuter in one part of town and then you come back together in a different part of town. Only so many places to go, only so many ways to get there.
I decided to again attempt a stop at Starbucks. I locked at Connecticut and R and my bike fell down after I locked it. This line was even longer than the one I didn't wait in on 11th street:
I guess my overwhelming desire for caffeination overwhelmed my impatience. I had a Starbucks gift card, so it was free.
I didn't even drink any coffee during the rest of the ride, which was on the last bit of R Street and up Massachusetts Avenue. On Massachusetts, from 30th Street to 34th Street, I counted 9 drivers holding their phones, either talking or texting. I don't know if this is a high or low number. So, we're either winning or losing the battle on distracted driving.
No problems the rest of the way. I saw a guy on a CaBi stopped at an intersection and he had propped up his leg on a lamppost in a position that looked like it was inspired by the Karate Kid. The things people will do to avoid putting their feet on the ground amaze me. I haven't yet encountered shoe-eating bacteria, so I'm fairly certain it doesn't cover our roadways. Though I'd hate to be wrong.
3 comments:
Argh, I ride around the north side of the Capitol for about 75% of my morning commutes and MAN is that blockage at the bottom of the hill irritating! I really do think it's placed specifically to ensure that bikes have to come to almost a complete stop before entering that circle ("Peace Circle", apparently?) which is more or less deserted except for maybe a half hour stretch at either end of the work day. Pretty sure I've caught the Capitol Police officer at the gate staring at me with a conspiratorial grin on at least 3 occasions.ReplyDelete
Unless there is signage indicating otherwise, partially blocking the bike lane in anticipation of a right turn is only incorrect in that they did not fully block the bike lane. A whole lot of misguided umbrage by that cyclist.ReplyDelete
@UrbanEngineer- I should clarify that this was midblock and well before the intersection. So, I wouldn't so the umbrage was totally misplaced. Just effusive.ReplyDelete


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BlackBerry Q5 is company's second QWERTY smartphone to run the latest generation of its new BlackBerry 10 platforms. It is supposed to bring the complete BlackBerry experience at a more affordable price point compared to the premium BlackBerry Q10.
The BlackBerry Q5 comes with a 3.1-inch 720x720px IPS LCD display and is powered by the Snapdragon S4 Pro chipset with a dual-core 1.2GHz Krait processor, Adreno 225 graphics and 2GB of RAM.
The BlackBerry Q5 is as capable as the Q10 – it is LTE and NFC enabled, has a 5MP snapper capable of 1080p video recording, and runs on the latest BlackBerry 10.1 OS.
Here is a short video where we unbox the device and take a quick tour around its hardware and UI.
We are already working on our BlackBerry Q5 review and you can expect it to land on our homepage soon.


text:
I read books and magazines about urban farming the way many people read cookbooks.
Sometimes I intend to use the information I read, but usually I'm just daydreaming. I love visiting urban farms for the same reason. I justify these trips by saying they're good for my children's education. But what I'm really after is to see how urban farmers have managed to carve out a bit of undeveloped land to grow crops, raise chickens or wrangle livestock in the midst of the city.
The E. Waldo Ward Ranch in Sierra Madre, Calif., is not an "urban farm" in the usual sense. That is to say, the ranch is not the product of urban land reclamation for agricultural purposes. It was here first, long before suburban sprawl took over. E. Waldo Ward started his ranch in 1891, and the city grew around it.
The ranch is situated in a quiet, "un-ranch-like" suburban neighborhood of Craftsman homes. But behind a stately house with a large lawn, you'll discover barns, tractors, pick-up trucks and a "backyard" that stretches to the next block. It's like a farm that's been carefully camouflaged by surrounding it with suburban homes.
An empire built on marmalade
We parked behind the house and I went inside the small gift shop for our tour. I was greeted by Jeff Ward, fourth-generation rancher. Jeff pointed out the ranch is still a working ranch, even though it's only 2.5 acres, and it still produces the same product that his great-great-grandfather (E. Waldo himself) started producing more than 100 years ago.
Our first stop on the tour was the original processing room, built in the early 1900s, where the company's first product was tested. On the day we visited, soft winter light filtered through the many windows that wrapped around the room. It was here that E. Waldo Ward launched an empire based on marmalade.
Edwin Waldo Ward imported two Seville orange trees from Spain in 1891. He planted these new trees in the rich soil of the San Gabriel Valley. As a luxury food salesman, E. Waldo knew that the best marmalade came from Seville oranges, and no one in America was making high-end marmalade.
E. Waldo slowly built a grove of more than 600 trees that covered 30 acres using his two Seville orange trees as grafting stock. By 1915, he believed he could take the big step — quit his job, and launch his product.
Within a few years he was selling massive amounts of his high-end marmalade to his old sales clients, the railroads. He was harvesting oranges, making marmalade and packaging the product in his canning "factory" behind his house.
Into the modern era
Jeff walked us past pallets and a small lift truck to the barn that E. Waldo built in 1902. Today it's part store-room, part museum — a treasure chest of crazy old machines and relics of early 20th century preserve-making. One side of the tiny museum showcases examples of kitchen tools and family photos of the ranch over the past 100 years. The other side contains a workbench that looked (and smelled) just like my grandfather's workbench on his farm in Virginia. In these quiet corners it is easy to feel that E. Waldo's spirit is still very much alive at the ranch.
After leaving the barn, we entered a series of much more modern processing and packing rooms. It is here that Jeff, and his dad Richard, spearhead the marmalade and jam processing operation that still bears E. Waldo's name.
Jeff also applies the family's know-how to help others create their own commercial food products. The company now offers consulting and co-packing services, helping small-time entrepreneurs take a handcrafted food product to market, just as E. Waldo did in this same spot more than a century ago.
The tour ended back in the gift store where we were offered the ranch's high-end jams, marinades and sauces. I managed to taste, and ultimately take home, a number of delicious goodies, including blood orange marmalade and sweet spiced peaches.
As we packed up our jars of preserves and headed back down the path to the city street, I watched my daughters scamper amid the orange trees playing hide and seek. I remembered hiding behind the gnarled old apple trees in my grandfather's tiny orchard in Virginia in much the same way. Although I was 3,000 miles away from my family's farm, I couldn't help feeling that I was giving my daughters a glimpse of their own agricultural roots. This tiny piece of old California rancho history conjured up the spirit of 19th century while creating a vivid memory of the pleasures of living in Southern California today.
And the sweet spiced peaches were delicious.


text:
This is an enthusiast fan site of Toyota... I have owned Toyota cars since I was 16 years old and have never bothered to buy anything else!
We are not affiliated with Toyota Motor Corporation.
Toyota Models
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Toyota Cars for Sale in Nigeria
When shopping for a new or used car it is important to do your research. Used cars may or may not carry baggage. You ought to study the CarFax reports. You ought to see the mileage the vehicle has and how many miles it is expected to have during its lifetime. It also important to analyze the expected car maintenance for a specific car. If the vehicle owner took great care of the car, has had all the oil changes, you will save on car repairs on a yearly basis. That savings can go towards the purchase of a better vehicle.
This is why we tend to recommend Toyotas. They last a long time, are cheaper to maintain, and are very reliable.
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Free Holistic Wellness Class
Name: Free Holistic Wellness Class
Date: January 29, 2019
Time: 5:30 PM - 6:15 PM CST
Trip Builder: View Trip
Event Description:
This mini-seminar covers a lot of ground in a mere 45 minutes regarding achieving and maintaining optimal health in spite of the modern, toxic times we are living in. We go over the five aspects of health and provide information on making better daily choices for a better life. This class is open to the public, no reservation necessary.
Corrective Chiropractic & Wellness
560 E. Central Texas Expy.
Harker Heights, TX 76548
On Hwy 190 / I-14. Indian Trail Exit. Big red sign.
560 E. Central Texas Expy.
Harker Heights, TX 76548
On Hwy 190 / I-14. Indian Trail Exit. Big red sign.
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Nearly 60 years ago and only a few years before Aga Khan III's death in 1957, Ismailis were told that if can only afford to send one child to school, they ought to send their daughters because educating girls has a greater effect on the community's health and welfare.
Aga Khan III, father of the current Aga Khan, was years ahead in his thinking.
It wasn't until the United Nations set its millennium development goals that elimination of gender disparity at all levels of education was promised by 2015. Now, the World Bank estimates that an extra year of secondary schooling can increase girls' future wages by 10 to 20 per cent, while research by the U.S.-based Council on Foreign Relations indicates that women and girls reinvest 90 per cent of their earnings in their families while men and boys reinvest only 30 to 40 per cent.
Because the Aga Khan traces his lineage through the prophet Muhammad's daughter, Fatima, women and girls have always held a special place in Ismaili society. But it was with the directive in the early 1950s that educating girls gained momentum within the community.
The Aga Khan's suggestion is what motivated Frenny Bawa's mother. Although she only had a Grade 3 education, Bawa's mother insisted to her husband that their five girls be educated. She insisted that they would not go to school in the dusty, Ugandan village where the family had settled two generations earlier. And that meant moving to Kampala where the schools were better and the instruction was in English.
Frenny, the oldest, was in Grade 2 the year they moved to the Ugandan capital. She already spoke four languages; none of them English.
Frenny was 12 when Ugandan dictator Idi Amin issued his surprising order expelling Asians from the East African nation. Canada agreed to take some of the refugees and the Bawas were on the first Canadian-bound flight out of Kampala and were among the few families that came to Vancouver — an experience that reinforced for the family the value of education and, particularly, the value of being able to speak English.
After high school, Frenny went to Simon Fraser University with the intention of doing a degree in English literature. But during the summer between first and second year, she worked at a bank. Heeding the advice of her manager — a woman – Bawa switched to business administration, graduated and went to McGill University in Montreal to do her master's degree in business administration.
Business is her calling and a field in which she has earned an international reputation all the while staying true to her Canadian roots and firmly attached to her Vancouver home.
In 2011, Bawa was named one of the 10 most powerful women in India by Forbes magazine.
But that's jumping ahead of the story.
After collecting her master's degree, Bawa came back to Vancouver to work for the Royal Bank. Along the way, she added French to the list of languages she speaks.
She was posted to a Surrey branch. A customer came in and began speaking to her in what she assumed was Punjabi – a language she doesn't speak.
"I gave him a blank look and he went away disgusted," says Bawa.
A few days later, Tara Singh Hayer (the publisher of The Indo-Canadian Times, who was murdered in 1998) came to see her.
In private, he told her that when they learned that Bawa had been posted to the branch, many Sikhs — especially those who had recently immigrated — had been excited at the thought that they would be able to do business in their own language. Bawa admits her name confuses many people. Her first name is a common Farsi name, while Bawa is a common Sikh name.
Of course, she is neither. "I was really embarrassed."
Bawa didn't think it would be possible for her to learn Punjabi quickly enough to be able to do business in that language.
"So, I asked him if I brushed up on my Hindi (India's official language), would that work."
It would, he said. And it did.
"Within a year or so, my portfolio had exploded. Anybody in Surrey who needed a loan came to me. People who had just immigrated were brought to me to set up bank accounts. It was interesting."
But Bawa was soon ready for other challenges and jumped at the chance to join Research In Motion, an upstart Ontario company whose BlackBerry was just starting to make huge gains against other cellphone manufacturers.
She was RIM's global marketing director and, later, country director for India.
Once again, she was a minority in a country where sectarian divisions have often led to violent confrontations. The confusion over identity that had caused initial problems in Surrey, made it easier for her in India.
"Indians embraced me as an Indian. ... They were proud that an Indian woman had been picked to run BlackBerry's operations," says Bawa who oversaw the growth of BlackBerry's market share to more than one million customers.
"India accepted me, but I was always yearning for Canada and Vancouver."
Bawa's affinity for India is evident. She describes herself as an Ismaili-Canadian of Indian origin; she make no reference to Uganda. She has never felt linked to either Africa or Uganda. As RIM's global marketing director, Bawa has been back to Africa. But she's never yet returned to Uganda.
It's not that she hasn't had opportunities. A few years ago, the Ugandan ambassador to India — an Indian woman — invited Bawa to a presidential inauguration. But work got in the way.
When RIM's team did some deals in Uganda, Bawa could have gone, but she was more urgently needed somewhere else in the world.
Having been forced to flee, Uganda is a place Bawa may go back to at some point. But it's not at the top of her travel list.
Bawa resigned from RIM last fall, in the same month that she was named to the Forbes list.
She was exhausted, having spent anywhere from half to three-quarters of the previous seven years travelling between India, her Vancouver home and RIM's Ontario headquarters.
Bawa isn't certain what she'll do next. Among the things she's thinking about is why British Columbia has failed to establish a RIM-, Google- or Apple-sized company, what it might take to build one and whether she's the person to do it.
Meanwhile, Bawa serves on four advisory boards. Three are at Simon Fraser University where she did her undergraduate degree. The other is on the B.C. Jobs and Investment Board.
Service along with education are values she learned from her family and from her faith.
"The values that I was brought up with are deep and profound. I try to live my life with integrity and honesty," she says.
It hasn't always been easy in business, but Bawa says, "I have found lots of strategies in the corporate world to be successful so that I didn't claw my way to the top. I find that behaviour abhorrent."
Now that she has the time, Bawa says giving back to the community is important to her.
"One of the interesting characteristics of being Ismaili is that you don't have a homeland. So, when you're invited into somebody else's homeland, there's a very strong recognition that to be a good citizen, you have to give back ... you have to invest and nurture that homeland."


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I got an email from the New England Historic Genealogical Society the other day and they've got tons of really great stuff coming up! I'm seriously jealous that I'm too far away to attend! If you are lucky enough to be within driving distance of the society, head on over and take advantage of what are sure to be some great programs! Not within driving distance? They've got some great trips planned too!
So here it is right from NEHGS:
Make plans to start your genealogy with this great tour. This program begins with a thirty-minute introductory lecture and will be followed by a tour of the NEHGS library and its vast holdings.
June 1, 2011 from 10:00am-11:00am
99-101 Newbury Street
Boston, MA 02116-3007
Dubbed as one of the society's most popular programs, "Come home to New England," is a fun-filled week of family history discovery and education. This program features research, individual consultations, interesting lectures, group meals, and other exciting activities.
June 13, 2011 9:00am - June 18, 2011 5:00pm
99-101 Newbury Street
Boston, MA 02116-3007
Dr. Barbara B. Reitt will describe what she learned in a four-year search for truths long hidden by the family and what compelled her to respond to her late father's memoirs by researching and writing a biography of his grandmother.
June 22, 1011 6:00pm - 7:00pm
99-101 Newbury Street
Boston, MA 02116-3007
Please join NEHGS as we explore our Irish immigrant ancestors' native land, the rolling hills of Ireland. We will discover spectacular scenery, and enjoy legendary Irish hospitality in internationally renowned hotels and restaurants and elegant private homes.
[OK...I'm seriously bummed that I'll be on vacation and can't do this. I would take this trip in a heart-beat! It sounds fabulous!]
July 5, 2011 5:00pm - July 15, 2011 5:00pm
Please email email@example.com if you wish to be place on a waiting list for the event.
Join NEHGS as we explore the vast resources of the New York State Archives. The weekend includes individual consultations, lectures, and a group dinner.
July 13, 2011 3:00pm - July 17, 2011 11:00am
Albany, New York
Discover the wealth of information available in London's repositories as NEHGS returns to London in 2011. Participants will take part in two group dinners, consultations, and guided research tours through the Society of Genealogists (SOG) and the National Archives (UK).
September 25, 2011 3:00pm - October 2, 2011 12:00pm
London, United Kingdom
Like anything you see? To learn more go to AmericanAncestors.org/Event. You can register online or print the registration and mail it off to:
NEHGS, Education & Tours
Attn: Joshua Taylor
99-101 Newbury Street
Boston, MA 02116-3007
If you have any questions you can call 2-888-296-3447 or email email@example.com
Even if you can't go to the programs or on the trips, be sure to check out the great stuff on the American Ancestors website!


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*CPO vehicle pricing includes financing with Nissan (NMAC) or Hyundai (HMFC).


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Course pages 2011–12
Further Java
Principal lecturer: Dr Alastair Beresford
Additional lecturer: Dr Andrew Rice
Taken by: Part IB
Past exam questions
Information for supervisors (contact lecturer for access permission)
No. of practical classes: 5 x 2-hour sessions
Prerequisite course: Programming in Java, Further Java Briefing
Companion courses: Concurrent and Distributed Systems
This course is a prerequisite for the Group Project.
The goal of this course is to provide students with the ability to understand the advanced programming features available in the Java programming language, completing the coverage of the language started in the Programming in Java course. The course is designed to accommodate students with diverse programming backgrounds; consequently Java is taught from first principles in a practical class setting where students can work at their own pace from a course handbook. Each practical class will culminate in an assessed exercise.
Practical classes
- Communication and client applications. This class will introduce the Eclipse development environment. Students will write a simple client to send and receive data to a server via TCP.
- Serialisation, reflection and class loaders. This class will introduce object serialisation. Students will use a class loader and reflection to inspect an object which is only available at run-time.
- Concurrency and synchronisation. This class introduces the concurrency and synchronisation primitives found in Java. Students will implement a thread-safe first-in-first-out queue and learn about Java generics.
- Server applications. Students implement a server in Java which is capable of communicating concurrently with mulitple clients.
- Databases. This week students will use Java annotations and a relational database to build a persistent store.
At the end of the course students should
- understand different mechanisms for communication between distributed applications and be able to evaluate their trade-offs;
- be able to use Java generics and annotations to improve software usability, readability and safety;
- understand and be able to exploit the Java class-loading mechansim;
- understand and be able to use concurrency control correctly;
- understand the concept of transactions and their application in a range of systems.
Recommended reading
* Lea, D. (1999). Concurrent programming in Java. Addison-Wesley (2nd ed.).
Bracha, G., Gosling, J., Joy, B. & Steele, G. (2000). The Java language specification. Addison-Wesley (2nd ed.).
Bacon, J. & Harris, T. (2003). Operating systems or Bacon, J. (1997) Concurrent systems (2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley.


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Moonlit Night at Badger Creek
I was out practicing my night photography skills before an upcoming trip to Iceland and this scene opened up before my very eyes. I couldn't have asked for a better mix of conditions; stars, clouds, fog and moonlight.
Kirkjufell Mountain
Kirkjufell is a 463m high mountain on the north coast of Iceland's Snæfellsnes peninsula, near the town of Grundarfjörður
Dancing Aurora Over Fjallsárlón Glacial Lagoon in Iceland
God did not disappoint on this night. This was our last chance to experience the aurora borealis on our trip to Iceland after having had consecutive nights of overcast skies and rain. The show went on for hours!
Nighttime Sky
I was out shooting the Milky Way over a landscape and looked up and saw this and was taken back to all the times as a child I would stare up at the nighttime sky.
Milky Way Silo
Got out for some Iowa astrophotography a couple times in the past few weeks. Testing a new technique to capture the night sky but with less ISO noise. I'm impressed...
Lunar Halo
Took Taylor (our dog) out tonight before bedtime and saw this! Stayed up a while longer. :-)
Milky Way Galactic Center


text:
- Cycling
Sky recruit triathlon coach Stephens
Team Sky have appointed triathlon specialist Shaun Stephens as performance coach for the 2013 season in the wake of race coach Bobby Julich's departure after admitting to doping.
The 37-year-old Australian, who served as head coach for the Australian national team at the London Olympics 2012, will step down from his role with the Australian Institute of Sport and Triathlon Australia to join the team full-time.
Regarded as one of the world's best triathlon coaches, Stephens will work alongside fellow Australian Tim Kerrison, Team Sky's Head of Performance. Like Stephens, Kerrison arrived at the team with a background outside cycling - his specialist field was swimming - but is regarded as instrumental in the team's success at the Tour de France.
"I'm very excited about the opportunity to work as part of the Team Sky programme," Stephens said. "I'm looking forward to contributing to the team and bringing in new ideas through my sport science and coaching knowledge of triathlon."
While Stephens has not been appointed as Julich's direct replacement, he is likely to inherit a number of the key responsibilities within the team.
The American left Sky after admitting to doping during his cycling career during a team-wide review of their zero-tolerance policy in the wake of the Lance Armstrong scandal, along with sporting director Steven de Jongh and rider Michael Barry.
Team Sky principal Dave Brailsford hailed Stephens' appointment as testament to the team's continued commitment to innovative approaches in the pursuit of excellence.
"Shaun's appointment continues Team Sky's commitment to assembling the very best coaching and support staff in the world, without being afraid to look beyond the arena of cycling," Brailsford said.
"It is incredibly exciting to be bringing fresh expertise into the sport, and further reinforces this team's desire to break new ground in the field of performance.
"The team has taken tremendous strides since the appointment of Tim Kerrison, who came from swimming, and we hope that with Shaun on board we can maintain our position as the world's number one cycling team."


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Golden Globes 2009 Articles
Golden Globes 2009 hilights, gossip, photos, and video.
Globes Groan: Lena Dunham
Jason Merritt/ FREDERIC J. BROWN/ Handout/ Getty
Oh my Lord with the Dunham and the backlash and the whiplash. Why is it that everyone else can have opinions about everything else but the Lena Dunham situation makes it impossible to have a dissenting opinion? After watching last night I have to suspect people feel protective of her. She's so gosh-golly and I forget that part of it. Full Story
Best Globes Style: Kerry Washington
Alexandra Wyman/ Jason Merritt/ Getty
The issue, I think, with this dress in stills is that the chiffon kind of looks like it has a harsh edge. I felt that way and thought I didn't like the hem – but then when I saw it moving, when she came out onstage (did we know she was that wee?) and I fell in love with it. So sophisticated, so gorgeous, and most importantly, so easy. Full Story
Best Black Dress & Men's Heels: Nicole Kidman & Keith Urban
Jason Merritt/ Jeff Kravitz/ Getty
It's McQueen. It's f-cking marvelous. And few women could do it justice the way Nicole Kidman can. I love the detailing around the neck. Is it bees? Golden bees? God when she does clothing right, there really is no one else. Look at it from the back. Stunning. Not a word I use often. But she is truly stunning. Full Story
Globes Best: Maggie Gyllenhaal
One more! There were so many articles today, this one was skipped. Anyway… The dress, it's Lanvin. I'm not a chanter but I would chant for this dress. One shoulders and the bad fengshui-ness of the imbalance usually scares me but this dress, this dress is my entire life. Check out my Maggie, chic as sh-t, in the best of the evening. Full Story
Globes Worst: Megan Fox
A major event red carpet can be a great equaliser. Without the false hype generated by a calculated single-focus strategy on behalf of one star, awards shows like the Globes separate the top from the bottom. The true celebrities from the pretenders. And this is Megan Fox. On a night when the Brange ruled, as they always do when they are present, when the GMD reclaimed some of his former glory, when Kate Winslet took home double, when Drew and Cam and Pene and Salma played the girly show, Megan Fox was put in her place proving once and for all that her existence is entirely superfluous. Full Story
Globes Best: Colin Farrell
Hemisphere. Like, please. Who would have thought the word hemisphere would set off such loin rubbing fury across the universe? It was a great surprise for Colin Farrell last night. And still he spoke so eloquently, so spontaneously. Hot AND articulate. How can this not bring the quiver? Also – a man who can have a laugh at his own expense. Full Story
Globes Worst Mouth: Gerard Butler
It's not only the spittle. What's with the permanent side talk? His lips were stuck to one side of his face –did you see him presenting? I'm not a Gerry B scholar, I don't know if this is standard. But if it is, there are classes he can take to fix that, you know. Because it's very distracting. Full Story
Globes Best Snub: Brange > Seacrest
He's annoyed them before. A couple of years ago and an inane conversation, I think, about breakfast. Since then the Brange has not been a fan of Ryan Seacrest. Last night they didn't even bother to hide it. It was live television at its best. So Seacrest's people had been begging the Brange flacks for an interview. Full Story
Globes Best Presenter: Johnny Depp
Take a moment to enjoy him. … … No surprise, he did not walk the carpet. Contrary to most of his peers, he won't seek the attention unless absolutely forced to. This is why candids of Johnny Depp are so hard to come by. Ask the paps. It's almost impossible to track JD. And it's not like they don't try. Full Story
Globes Rossum: Anne Hathaway
Could be the lingering effects of that insipid acceptance speech last week at Critics' Choice when Angie gave her the death stare, could be the way she was fluttering around like a debutante at the ball last night when it's not her first time, could be this dress… Grace of Monaco did it better. Full Story
Globes Best Goldwhore: Jennifer Lopez
This is what we live for. Attention whores and red carpet spotlight grabs. These are the moves that define smut, that shape good gossip, and once upon a time, Jennifer Lopez was our queen. Then she married Marc Anthony and he shut her away in his oppressive vampire castle. But there has been a rebirth of the diva inside the JLo. Full Story


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Phyton (Buenos Aires)
versión On-line ISSN 1851-5657
Phyton (B. Aires) vol.79 no.1 Vicente López ene./jun. 2010
Seedling growth response of Seriphidium quettense to water stress and non-water stress conditions
Crecimiento de plántulas de Seriphidium quettense con y sin estrés hídrico
Ahmad1 S, S Gul2, AKK Achakzai2, M Islam1
1 Arid Zone Research Centre, Pakistan Agricultual Research Council Quetta, Pakistan.
2 Department of Botany University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
Address Correspondence to: Dr. AKK Achakzai, Department of Botany University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan. e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Recibido - Received 31.VII.2009.
Aceptado - Accepted 11.II.2010.
Abstract. Seedling growth and development of Seriphidium quettense were examined under water stress (WS) and non-water stress (NWS) conditions. Seedlings were grown in pots to investigate their response to NWS conditions. Impact of WS on seedling growth was assessed in pre-existing plants grown under a semi-arid, natural environment. Seedling growth attributes were recorded on a monthly basis. Seedling growth exhibited a significant positive response under NWS conditions. Length of the main root axis at the first leaf emergence stage was 5.69 cm under NWS conditions; however, it was 4.8 cm in the natural environment (WS). At the end of the growing season, length of their primary root was 118 cm in NWS conditions. At the same time, it reached 8.8 cm in the WS natural environment. Lateral roots emerged from 2.09 cm of the main root axis, and a high lateral root density was found in the 2-10 cm region. The average lateral root length of NWS plants by the end of the first growing season was 33.07 cm, whereas in the WS environment it was 21 cm. Shoot length was 0.34 and 27.4 cm at the beginning and end of the growing season, respectively, under NWS conditions. In the natural WS environment, shoot length was 0.78 and 21 cm at the beginning and end of the same growing season, respectively. Under NWS conditions, seedlings remained green all year round, and 41% of the seedlings reached their physiological maturity. Mean values for number of panicles/plant, panicle length, number of floral branches/panicle, length of floral branches, number of florets/capitulum, and number of seeds/capitulum were 3.6, 16.77 cm, 43.7, 5.46 cm, 3.89, and 1.12, respectively, on seedlings which reached reproductive maturity. However, seedlings didn't exhibit a similar response in the natural WS environment. Our results support that Seriphidium quettense has a substantial potential for establishment and population propagation if supplemental water is provided during their first year of growth.
Keywords: Seriphidium quettense; Root and shoot growth; Water stress.
Resumen. El crecimiento y desarrollo de las plántulas de Seriphidium quettense se examinó bajo condiciones con o sin estrés hídrico. Las plántulas crecieron en potes para investigar su respuesta a estas condiciones. La respuesta del crecimiento de las plántulas ante condiciones de estrés hídrico se midió en plantas que ya estaban creciendo bajo condiciones semiáridas naturales. El crecimiento de las plántulas se midió mensualmente. Dicho crecimiento exhibió una respuesta positiva significativa ante condiciones de agua no limitantes. La longitud del eje principal de la raíz en el estado fenológico de primera hoja producida fue de 5,69 cm bajo condiciones no limitantes de agua; sin embargo, éste fue 4,8 cm bajo condiciones naturales. Al final de la estación de crecimiento, la longitud de la raíz primaria fue de 118 cm bajo condiciones no limitantes de agua. Al mismo tiempo, dicha raíz alcanzó 8,8 cm bajo condiciones naturales. Las raíces laterales emergieron a partir de 2,09 cm del eje principal de la raíz. Se observó una alta densidad de raíces laterales en la región de 2-10 cm de dicho eje principal. La longitud de las raíces laterales promedio en las plantas que no estuvieron limitadas por agua fue de 33,07 cm hacia el final de la primera estación de crecimiento. Esta longitud sólo alcanzó 21 cm en las plantas expuestas a estrés hídrico. Las longitudes de los tallos al inicio y final de la estación de crecimiento fueron de 0,34 y 27,4 cm, respectivamente, bajo condiciones no limitantes de agua. Cuando las plantas crecieron bajo condiciones naturales, sin embargo, dicho crecimiento fue de 0,78 y 21 cm al comienzo y final del ciclo de crecimiento. Bajo condiciones no limitantes de agua, las plántulas permanecieron verdes todo el año, y 41% de las mismas alcanzaron la madurez fisiológica. En estas plantas, los valores promedio para número de panojas/planta; longitud de la panoja; número de ramas florales/panoja; longitud de las ramas florales; número de flores/capítulo, y número de semillas/capítulo fueron 3,6; 16,77 cm; 43,7; 5,46 cm; 3,89, y 1,12, respectivamente. Sin embargo, las plántulas no exhibieron una respuesta similar bajo condiciones naturales de crecimiento. Nuestros resultados sustentan que S. quettense tiene un buen potencial para establecerse, y permitir la propagación de la población, si crece bajo condiciones no limitantes de agua durante el primer año de crecimiento y desarrollo.
Palabras clave: Seriphidium quettense; Crecimiento de tallos y raíces; Estrés hídrico.
Shrubs provide many benefits to humans and animals including food for livestock and wildlife, control of soil erosion, and medicine and other industrial products (McKell, 1989). Seriphidium and Artemisia species are the dominant dwarf shrubs in rangelands of the semi-arid region of northern highlands of Balochistan. Seriphidium quettense (Podlech) provides forage to small ruminants, when other plant species produce little dry matter particularly under drought conditions.
Because the world's water supply is limiting, future food and fodder demand for rapidly increasing population pressures are likely to further increase the importance of water stress (WS) studies (Somerville & Biscoe, 2001). The severity of WS is unpredictable as it depends on many factors such as occurrence and distribution of rainfall, evaporative demands and moisture storing capacity of soils (Wery et al., 1994). In arid and semi-arid areas, resource acquisition is one of a function of rooting depth and root distribution (Manning & Groenveld, 1989). In arid and semi-arid rangelands, re-establishment of dominant, native plant species is vital to maintain function, structure, diversity, and stability of landscapes. Water is one of the most limiting factors for plant growth in such habitats. Scarcity of water is a severe abiotic environmental stress to plant productivity. Water stress reduces leaf size, stem extension and root proliferation, disturbs plant water relations and reduces wateruse efficiency (Farooq et al., 2008). Water and nutrients play central roles in growth and development of plants. These processes are the source of circulation and supply of nutrients to various organs and cells of the plant body. Water relations play a key role by influencing the distribution of plants in arid regions. Growth constraints of above ground plant parts can be conserved in favor of root development (Booth et al., 1990). Plants often respond to water, light, or nutrient limitations by increasing the efficiency with which limiting resources are invested into the production of biomass (Bloom et al., 1985; Chapin et al., 1987).
Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate growth responses of Seriphidium quettense seedlings to nonwater stress (NWS) field conditions in their first year of growth, and compare these responses with those obtained under natural WS conditions.
The field experiment was conducted in Chiltan National Park, Hazargangi, Quetta. The experiment was conducted in an extended area of the park that was protected from livestock grazing since 1998. The soil of this area is sandy loam (Marwat et al., 1992). Pre-existing seedlings were selected from the natural field exclosure during April 2004. The seedlings outside of 16 plots made for another experiment (Gul et al., 2007) were considered in this regard. Seedlings were marked with thin colorful wires. Five seedlings were dug out from the soil at each sampling date. In the first three months, 50 cm circumference of soil surrounding each seedling was excavated to maximize the chances of complete root excavation from the soil. Later on, the length of circumference was increased to 1 m for the remaining samplings.
To assess seedling growth and development of Seriphidium quettense under NWS conditions, seeds were collected in December 2003 and sown in plastic pots in the next year during early spring. Pots were 12 inches (30.5 cm) in height and 8 inches (20.3 cm) in diameter. Soil was collected from Chiltan National Park Hazarganji from the place adjacent to other 16 plots utilized for another experiment (Gul et al., 2007). After collection up to 15 cm depth, soil was air dried, and passed through a 4 mm sieve to remove stones. Pots were exposed to natural environmental conditions and watered on alternating days to keep the upper soil surface wet for maximum germination. The trial was conducted in the Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC), Quetta.
After emergence, plants were thinned to one per pot. Plants closest to the pot center were kept for experimental purposes. The first sampling was done at the first leaf stage on seedlings in March 2004. Later on, samplings were carried out at 30-day-intervals. Ten pots were used in the first sampling date (March), while the pot number was reduced to five in the remaining sampling dates. Monthly increases in shoot growth, root growth, and number of lateral roots were measured. For removal of seedlings, pots were carefully cut from the sides, and thereafter placed in water tubs during one hour. Seedlings were then carefully removed and washed with water. Main root axis and shoot length, and number of lateral roots were recorded. Number of lateral roots per 10 cm region of the main root axis was also recorded for the August and September samplings. In this connection, five samples (plants) were used in each month. Fifteen samples were used to measure the emergence point of the uppermost lateral root from the main root axis. Eight samples in October were used to measure length of lateral roots.
At the anthesis stage, ten plants were randomly selected for measuring the number of panicles/plant, panicle length, number of floral branches/panicle, length of floral branches, number of florets/capitulum, and number of seeds/capitulum. For seedlings grown under NWS conditions, data of shoot length, length of the main root axis, number of lateral roots, and density of lateral roots every 10 cm on the main root axis were subjected to one factor Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD). Mean values, standard errors and range values for panicle length, number of floral branches/panicle, length of floral branches, number of florets/capitulum, number of seeds/capitulum, emergence point of the uppermost lateral roots from the main root axis, and length of lateral roots were calculated. Means and standard errors were also calculated for root length, shoot length, and number of lateral roots on seedlings grown in the WS natural environment.
Data obtained were subjected to two-sample t-test for independent samples to compare the growth rate of seedlings grown in the NWS conditions vs seedlings grown in the natural WS environment within each month.
Growth of roots, shoots and number of lateral roots were significantly higher (p<0.05) on the plants grown under NWS than WS conditions (Fig.1 a-c).
Fig. 1. Monthly increase in growth of main root axis (a), shoot growth (b), and number of lateral roots (c) under NWS conditions (?) vs WS natural environment (black bars). Within each panel, values with different letters during a given month indicate significant differences (p<0.05).
Fig. 1. Incremento mensual en el (a) crecimiento del eje radical principal, (b) crecimiento de la parte aérea, (c) número de raíces laterales, bajo condiciones sin (?) o con (barras negras) estrés hídrico. Dentro de cada panel, los valores con letras diferentes durante un mes dado indican diferencias significativas (p<0,05).
The monthly increase in length of the main root axis, shoot length, and number of lateral roots on seedlings grown under NWS conditions was significant (Fig. 2). Mean shoot length in April was 0.34 cm while that in October was 27.4 cm (Fig. 2a). Plants continued their growth until late summer. Differences in the number of secondary roots every 10 cm in the main root axis were significant for both sampling dates. Density of secondary roots was significantly higher in the 1-10 cm region than at any other distance from the main root axis (Fig. 3).
Fig. 2. Monthly growth increment in shoot length (a); length of the main root axis (b), and number of lateral roots (c). Each symbol is the mean ± 1 S.E.
Fig. 2. Incremento mensual en el crecimiento de (a) la longitud del tallo, (b) longitud del eje de la raíz principal, y (c) número de raíces laterales. Cada símbolo es el promedio ± 1 E.E.
Fig. 3. Number of lateral roots per 10 cm increments from the starting point in the main root axis, in the September (a), and October samplings (b). Each symbol is the mean ± 1 S.E.
Fig. 3. Número de raíces laterales cada 10 cm de incremento desde el punto inicial en el eje principal de la raíz, en los muestreos de Septiembre (a) y Octubre (b). Cada símbolo es el promedio ± 1 E.E.
For seedlings grown in the WS environment, shoot length in April was 0.78 cm, while it was 2.94 in August. In April, mean root length was 4.8 cm; it increased to 38.8 cm in August. In April, the average number of lateral roots was 4, while it was 21 at the end of growing season (August) (Fig. 4). Seedlings attained higher growth rates in the earlier than later growing season, and high root to shoot ratios.
Fig. 4. Monthly growth of shoot and main root length, and number of lateral roots of Seriphidium quettense seedlings under NWS conditions during 2004. Each symbol is the mean ± 1 S.E.
Fig. 4. Crecimiento mensual del tallo y de la longitud radical principal, y número de raíces laterales de plántulas de Seriphidium quettense bajo condiciones sin estrés hídrico durante 2004. Cada símbolo es el promedio± 1 E.E.
Seedlings grown under NWS conditions remained green throughout the year, and 41% of them reached physiological maturity. Flowering bud initiation started in late May, and flowering occurred in October. Seedlings, which reached reproductive maturity, showed the following values for number of panicles/plant, panicle length, number of floral branches/ panicle, length of floral branches, number of florets/capitulum, and number of seeds/capitulum: 3.2, 16.77 cm, 43.7, 5.46 cm, 3.89, and 1.12, respectively. The number of florets and number of seeds/capitulum ranged from 3-6 and 0-4, respectively (Table 1). The mean emergence point for the uppermost lateral roots from the main root axis was 2.09 cm, and the mean length of lateral roots in October was 33.07 cm (Table 2). Seedlings grown under WS natural conditions showed leaf senescence in September, and no seedlings attained reproductive maturity.
Table 1. Mean ± 1 S.E. and ranges of reproductive parameters for Seriphidium quettense seedlings grown under NWS conditions.
Tabla 1. Promedio ± 1 S.E. y rangos de parámetros reproductivos en plántulas de Seriphidium quettense que crecieron sin estrés hídrico.
Table 2. Mean ± 1 S.E. and range of lateral root parameters for Seriphidium quettense seedlings (October sampling) grown under NWS conditions.
Tabla 2. Promedio ± 1 S.E. y rango de los parámetros de raíces laterales en plántulas de Seriphidium quettense (muestreo de Octubre) que crecieron sin estrés hídrico.
Like in other arid and semi arid areas of the world, water is the most limiting factor for plant growth in Balochistan (Mac- Mahon & Schimpf, 1981). However, when water is not limiting, nitrogen may be regarded as the limiting factor for plant growth in arid environments (Skujins, 1981). Results of the present study indicated that under non-water stress environments, Seriphidium quettense showed a fast growth habit. Monthly growth increments in shoot and main root axis length indicate that the study plant species invested more energy for rapid shoot and root growth under favorable environments. However, under water stress conditions, the limited aboveground growth may allow plants of this species to invest more energy into rapid root growth (Booth et al., 1990); this may enable these plants to survive in arid environments (Gul et al., 2007).
In arid and semi-arid habitats, resource acquisition is one of a function of rooting depth and distribution (Manning& Groenveld, 1989). Welch & Jacobson (1988) reported that seedling root length 40 days after emergence was 413, 455, and 358 mm in Artemisia tridentata spp. wyomingensis, Artemisia tridentata spp. tridentata, and Artemisia tridentata spp. vaseyana, respectively, in a greenhouse study. Seedlings of S. quettense in our study exhibited an extensive root system which had a high density of lateral roots in the uppermost region of the main root axis. Research also revealed that the ability of the seedlings to produce a high number of lateral roots in the uppermost region of the root system may enable plants to take advantage of the small precipitation events during the warm season. This will very likely play an important role in seedling survival of this species during the warm, dry season (Donovan & Ehleringer, 1994).
Seedlings remained green throughout the year in the waterunlimited environment; moreover, they continued growing in the summer season. However, leaves of this species senesced in the natural environment during the summer. Leaf senescence in dry, warm conditions has also been reported for Artemisia tridentata (Evans & Balck, 1993). Continued vegetative growth of this species under non-limiting water conditions may help their plants to acquire more natural resources for reproductive success. This may help to explain that 41% of the seedlings reached reproductive maturity, and produced seeds, in their first year of growth. At the same time, plants remained vegetative under natural conditions (personal observation). Positive water effects on increasing grain yield have also been reported for Triticum aestivum (Waraich et al., 2007). It also appeared that Seriphidium quettense seedlings invested most of the resources for belowground rather than aboveground growth under dry conditions. Maximum growth rate of seedlings took place early in the growing season when conditions were more favorable for plant growth and development, enabling plants to survive in arid environments (Booth et al., 1990).
Seedlings of Seriphidium quettense offer much promise for its successful establishment in degraded rangelands, and a good potential for its population increase, if water is not a limiting factor during their first year of growth.
1. Bloom, A.J., F.S. Chapin & H.A. Mooney (1985). Resource limitation in plants-an economic analogy. Annual Review of Ecology& Systematics 16: 363-392. [ Links ]
2. Booth, G.D., B.L.Welch & T.L.C. Jacobson (1990). Seedling growth rate of 3 subspecies of big sagebrush. Journal of Range Management 43: 432-435. [ Links ]
3. Chapin, F.S. III, A.J. Bloom, C.B. Field & R.H. Waring (1987). Plant responses to multiple environmental factors. BioScience 37: 49-57. [ Links ]
4. Donovan, L.A. & J.R. Ehleringer (1994). Water stress and use of summer precipitation in Great Basin shrub community. Ecology 8: 289-297. [ Links ]
5. Evans, R.D. & R.A. Black (1993). Growth, photosynthesis and resource investment for vegetative and reproductive modules of Artemisia tridentata. Ecology 74: 1516-1528. [ Links ]
6. Farooq, M., A. Wahid, N. Kobayashi, D. Fujita & S.M.A. Basra (2008). Plant drought stress: Effects, mechanisms and management. Review article. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 29: 185-212. [ Links ]
7. Gul, S., S. Ahmad, A.K.K. Achakzai & M. Islam (2007). Impact of microhabitat on survival of Seriphidium quettense seedlings. Pakistan Journal of Botany 39: 1717-1724. [ Links ]
8. MacMahon, J.A. & D.J. Schimpf (1981). Water as a factor in the biology of North American desert plants. In: Evans, D.D. and Thames, J.L. (eds.). Water in Desert Ecosystems. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg Pennsylvania, pp. 114-171. [ Links ]
9. McKell, C.M. (1989). The Biology and Utilization of Shrubs. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA. [ Links ]
10. Manning, S.J & D.P. Groenveld (1989). Shrub rooting characteristics and water acquisition on xeric sites in the western great basin. Symposium on cheat grass invasion, shrub diback and other management. General technical report INT-276. Intermountain Research Station. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. pp: 238-244. [ Links ]
11. Marwat, Q.U. D., M. Nisar & F. Hussain (1992). Vegetation studies of Chiltan National Park Hazargangi, Quetta. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 13: 71-79. [ Links ]
12. Skujins, J. (1981). Nitrogen cycling in arid ecosystems. In: Clark, F.E. and Rosswall, T. (Eds.). Terrestrial nitrogen cycles. Processes, ecosystem strategies and management impacts. Stockholm: Swedish Natural Science Research Council. pp: 477-491. [ Links ]
13. Somerville, C. & J. Briscoe (2001). Genetic engineering and water. Science 292: 2217. [ Links ]
14. Waraich, E.A, R. Ahmad, A. Ali & Saifullah (2007). Irrigation and nitrogen effects on grain development and yield of Triticum aestivum. Pakistan Journal of Botany 39: 1663-1672. [ Links ]
15. Welch, B. & T.L.C. Jacobson (1988). Root growth of Artemisia tridentata. Journal of Range Management 41: 332-334. [ Links ]
16. Wery, J., S.N. Silim, E.J. Knights, R.S. Malhotra & R. Cousin (1994). Screening techniques and sources and tolerance to extremes of moisture and air temperature in cool season food legumes. Euphytica 73: 73-80. [ Links ]


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Turn rough roads and gravel into miles of pleasure as you drop the hammer on your best ride ever. Channel your inner Cancellara on the cobbles of Roubaix, or take on your first or fiftieth solo century ride. However you pile on the miles, there's no better way to salute a long day in the saddle than on a Trek endurance race bike.
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Dory Funk Jr. Talking Wrestling with Jerry "The King" Lawler
!BANG! TV Report – Jerry "The King" Lawler Pile-Drives Hollywood Heather for Victory, Video Under Review
Saturday May 25th – !BANG! TV Sound Stage in Ocala, Florida
Jerry "The King" Lawler was declared in excellent physical condition. Final clearance for "In Ring Performance" was given after a blood pressure examination at ringside by Funking Conservatory Wrestler and Physician from Russia, Dr. Andrew Kontantinov assisted by Dory Funk's personal nurse Julie Kraynack and assistant Nurse Chika.
Jerry "The King" Lawler surprised the capacity crowd at the !BANG! TV Sound Stage in Ocala, Florida when He decided to start the Inter-Gender 8-Person Tag Team Match, representing his team mates, Dory Funk Jr., Johnny Magnum and Jessica "Power-House" Hill.
After successful forays against his male competition Cory "Wild" Weston, Quinton "Drop-Back" Hitchcock and Romero Youngblood, Hollywood (6 Feet of Blond Perfection) Heather was tagged in to face Lawler. Jerry responded by tagging his lady partner, Jessica "Power-House" Hill.
Hollywood Heather was infuriated throughout the match that The King would not face her in one on one competition. After 15 minutes of exciting action Hollywood came face to face with Jerry "The King" Lawler. When Lawler refused to lay a hand on her, Hollywood slapped Jerry Lawler in the face and Jerry responded with the same devastating move that put Andy Kauffman in a neck brace. Jerry Lawler applied the, "Pile Driver" on Hollywood Heather and covered Hollywood for a count of 3.
Winners of the match, Jerry "The King" Lawler, Dory Funk Jr., Johnny Magnum and Jessica "Power House" Hill.
The video of this match is under review and pending release by !BANG! TV Producer Marti Funk and Referee Claudia "the Claw" Reiff Due to Hollywood Heather's late night call to Coach Dory Funk about Hollywood's current medical condition since the "Pile Driver" sustained in the match from Jerry the King Lawler.
Learn to wrestle and appear on !BANG! TV Call Now 352-895-4658 or visit Dory's Website at http://www.dory-funk.com
Join Dory Funk and Marti on Twitter, Facebook and Youtube – http://www.dory-funk.com/bt-20.html
Results for Support Your Troops 91, "Royal Combat"
8-Person Inter-gender Tag Team Match – Jerry "The King" Lawler, Dory Funk, Johnny Magnum and Jessica "Powerhouse" Hill winners over Cory "Wild" Weston, Quinton "Drop-Back" Hitchcock, Romero Youngblood and Hollywood Heather. (Jerry Lawler with a Pile-Driver and cover for a count of 3.
Hard-Core Title Match – Ron "The Man" Rymer and Brian "Hot-Shot" Davis vs. The Rogue and Dr. Andrew Kontantinov – Brian Hot Shot Davis wins over Ryan The Rogue Passmore.
# 1 Contender's Match "Astonishing" T. J. Blake and "Bull-Dog" Bryson Michaels vs. Danimal and Tommy Hassan – Astonishing T. J. Blake winner over Tommy Hassan.
Number one Contender Match for the World Title – Ryan "The Rogue" Passmore wins over Greg Dynamite Davis.
World Title Match – Quinton "Drop-Back" Hitchcock vs. Jake Logan – Time Limit Draw.
Women's Championship Match – Hollywood Heather vs. Jessica "Power-House Hill – Double Disqualification by referee Claudia "The Claw" Reiff
Category: Wrestling.
Tags: Dory Funk Jr., Jerry Lawler.


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Appraisal: Astronaut Autograph Book
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As Halloween approaches, and the veil between worlds grows wan, threadbare, and permeable, Cooper realizes that we can serve the spirit, spook, and creature population better if we understand them from a Goal-Directed perspective. In service of this we present a short series of Halloween personas. Today's persona is Metansiptah.
Metansiptah was not a well-liked ruler. He was poisoned by his Chief of the Scented Oils during his morning ablutions with a paste of arsenic trioxide. The priest reciting his Book of the Dead prayers skipped several spells in order to trap Metansiptah's soul within his mummified remains. His tomb builder placed the correct curses against disturbance, but then left deliberate clues to the location of its entrance. For the past three thousand years, Metansiptah has been awakened from his unending twilight every few decades by the greedy and the foolhardy.
How we can help Metansiptah:
- Accommodate non-ASCII text types
- Use "magical" interaction metaphors to match his Middle Kingdom mental model
- Don't expect speed
- Utilize ubiquitous, location-aware technology to aid his hunt
- Metansiptah has plenty of time, so err on the side of information clarity rather than density
Next persona Romulus: North American Woodland Ape
Prior persona Sammy Bishop, AKA Destro: Gremlin
Egyptologist: Chris Noessel


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