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Science Remakes the Dog (Nov, 1936)
Science Remakes the Dog
How Breeders Are Changing The Appearance and Nature Of Our Canine Population To Bring Out the Qualities That Are Made Desirable By Modern Living Conditions
By Jesse F. Gelders
DOGS are getting smaller. Subject to style trends, the same as clothing, automobiles, and houses, they are adapting themselves— or, rather, being adapted—to the changed conditions of modern life.
People today are demanding dogs that can live in small homes or apartments, and ride in automobiles, without crowding out their human companions; dogs that can keep fit with a minimum of exercise; smart, good-natured dogs, and—an important consideration, sometimes—dogs that will not eat their masters out of house and home.
To meet these new requirements, breeders are applying scientific principles of heredity in bringing out the desired qualities. Already, the appearance and character of the nation's dog population show the effects of their work—a modern version of the unceasing process which, in the past, has had such amazing consequences as the refinement of the popular Airedale terrier from a mongrel, the conversion of the strain of wolflike spitz into the little toy Pomeranian, and the development of the bulldog into an animal vastly unlike his bulldog ancestors of a century ago.
Largely as a result of the demand for smaller dogs, the Boston terrier, one of the only three breeds actually originated in the United States, today leads all others in American Kennel Club registrations. Next come three other small breeds, the cocker spaniel, the wire-haired fox terrier, and the Scotish terrier. As recently as 1926, the German shepherd, often loosely called a "police dog," ranked first; but it is now in twentieth place, possibly because the depression made owners more conscious of the cost of dog food.
Through selective breeding, experts have been meeting the demands for smaller dogs, dogs which eat less and can be kept more economically; dogs which need less exercise, and therefore retain better health in cramped quarters. The motor age has restricted the exercise of dogs even more than that of men. It has created a need for breeds which remain in good physical condition when they are walked only on a leash, or at best in close company of their owners, instead of being allowed to run free. Thousands of motorists want dogs adapted to riding in cars instead of to loping for miles alongside horse-drawn coaches.
These changes, occurring now among pedigreed dogs, are by no means limited to that select group. Within a few years they will be reflected by the general dog population of the country. It is estimated that there are in the United States between 500,000 and 1,000,000 purebred dogs, and 15,000,000 or more mongrels; and nearly all their owners are affected by similar conditions.
The mongrels themselves gradually show effects of crossing with whatever pure breeds happen to be most numerous. Look around, and you will see that the "average" dogs today exhibit definite marks of the German shepherd or the Airedale, whose popularity swept the country in recent years. There are numerous inheritances too, from the collie and the bull terrier, while the bird-dog influence is especially strong in the smaller communities. Early in the century, there were widespread traces of the fawn-colored, looptailed pug, but most of them have been lost in the engulfing tide of other blood.
Being no snob in the matter of dogs myself, and having an equal fondness for pure-breds and others, I inquired of Kennel Club officials why every cross-bred is termed a mongrel. The distinction, I learned, is based not on snobbery, but on scientific fact.
When pure-bred dogs of the same breed are mated, the puppies are like the parents. But when two different breeds are crossed, even though both dogs are of the purest strains, the characteristics of the puppies cannot accurately be foretold.
A breeder told me of the chance mating of a Scottish terrier and a hound, from which five pups were born, with ears like hounds and bodies like Scotties. What their puppies would be like, nobody could guess. For when mongrels are mated, even two mongrels of exactly the same appearance, their pups may be entirely different, taking a new combination of characteristics from their ancestors. Once there is a mixture, only long, careful breeding can sift out and stabilize any definite type.
Heredity is so certain to play pranks, that kennel clubs refuse to register any dog as a pure-bred unless its ancestors are known for three generations. On the rare occasions when a new breed is to be recognized, proof is required that there has been no variation from the proper type, either in three generations of direct ancestors, or in any pup born in the same litter with any of them.
Breeders seeking dogs of new types for definite new purposes usually have a choice of two procedures. They may cross breeds, as a chemist compounds elements to obtain a new material, but this is a long and uncertain task. On the other hand, they may "refine" an already existing breed, taking dogs which are a little closer than the average to the type they want, and continuing the selection until the entire strain takes on the new, desired qualities.
By such processes, the Scottie has changed his appearance in the last twenty years, developing a more profuse coat, a squarer head, and a shorter body.
The cocker spaniel, originally a hunting dog and one of the first breeds in the American colonies, has since been bred smaller as a pet, and is now being guided back to greater size again, to be used for hunting.
The bench-show setters, bred for their looks, have changed so greatly that they almost have the appearance of a different breed from the field-trial setters, developed for speed and good noses.
Even before the principles of heredity were studied scientifically, breeders unconsciously made use of them, by patiently selecting dogs with the traits they desired to reproduce. There was the case of Polaris, the North Greenland Eskimo dog, whose sled-pulling ancestry gave him such an aptitude for the work that on his first introduction to the harness he pulled a heavy sled three miles through deep snow. The breeder of sheep-herding collies developed such intelligence in the animals that a dog could go alone and select his master's sheep from the others grazing in the hills, bring them home, and separate the rams from the ewes and lambs before driving them to their quarters.
The short-legged Welsh corgi was bred to do a job of a different sort. He scattered his master's cattle on the public grazing ground by nipping at their hocks, and when they kicked he had to dodge. In this risky work, his low stature often saved his life. With intelligence specially cultivated for his task, he knew when to go into action and when to stop, by the tone of his master's whistle.
Among the strangest characteristics cultivated for particular jobs, are those of the Afghan hound, brought to America a few years ago, but used for many centuries as a hunting dog in the mountains of Afghanistan. While he is not so fast as many other hounds on level ground, he has developed high, wide-set hips which fit him especially for running on hills, and for leaping over obstacles. And because he frequently hunted in dense thickets, he has been bred to carry his tail high, like a flag, which his master could see above the concealing brush.
Even more fascinating than the shaping of traits in individual breeds of dogs, has been the creation of new breeds by crossing, for special purposes. Tremendous care was required, to select offspring with just the right inheritances from each stock.
BREEDERS of Chesapeake Bay retrievers, desiring to improve their scent, crossed them with hounds, but were able to preserve the chief characteristics which they had inherited from their other ancestors, supposedly curly-coated retrievers which had been mated with two New Foundland dogs taken from a wrecked ship. Their stamina and their rough, almost waterproof coats enable them to withstand severe storms and work in water chilled by floating ice.
The Chesapeakes share with American foxhounds and Boston terriers the distinction of being the only breeds originated in the United States. The foxhounds were said to have been developed by George Washington, who, to obtain a faster breed, crossed English foxhounds with French hounds given him by General Lafayette.
Boston terriers represent another success of breeders in obtaining just the desired characteristics from a parent stock, this time the English bulldog. Crossing it with the white English terrier, they obtained the bulldog type of head on a dog smaller and more agile than the bulldog. By that time the bulldog had been cultivated into a good-natured though still courageous animal, and those qualities were preserved.
Strangely, a somewhat similar set of ancestors produced the bull terrier, a very different dog. This time, the breeders wanted a fighter, so they chose the bulldog. They crossed him first with large black-and-tan terriers and white English terriers, producing a heavy-set, short-legged, fawn-colored dog. By careful selection they eliminated the short head and nearly all the other old bulldog qualities except the courage. Then the dog was crossed again with white terriers, and the white color, a recessive characteristic, was fixed, so that the dog became essentially the bull terrier we know today.
THE bulldog himself was the result of careful breeding of dogs for the barbarous sport of bull baiting. The bulls which were to be killed were roped to stakes, so the dog did not require real hunting ability, but only ferocity. The heavy, powerful mastiff was crossed with other breeds, among them probably the pug, for a peculiar reason. The bulldog's chief requirement was to hang on, when he caught hold, and the pug's short nose enabled him to breathe without letting go.
With the passing of bull baiting, the bulldog began to be cultivated with two oddly contrasting aims. The ferocity was bred out, until be became a really kindly beast, but at the same time, his ugliness of appearance was encouraged to such an exaggerated extent that it often interfered with his health. Breathing frequently was an effort for him, even in repose; and his lower jaw protruded so far that he often had trouble chewing his food, making him a prize example of unwisely directed heredity.
Like the bulldog, the Airedale terrier had his origin in a questionable pursuit.. Not only was he for a considerable time a mongrel, but he served as the helper of poachers on forbidden game preserves. The poachers worked at night, and wanted dark-colored dogs which would not be conspicuous, and which hunted without baying. They crossed old English terriers and otter hounds first, then Irish terriers and bull terriers, until finally the present type was evolved and stabilized.
CHANGES in the occupations of other dogs, as strange as the reformation of the Airedale and bulldog, have been effected by skillful crossing. The pointer, today's widely used bird dog, was employed 300 years ago in England for finding rabbits to be chased by greyhounds, which hunt by sight.
Breeders crossed the English pointer with Spanish dogs, to get the superior "pointing" ability of the latter, but they bred out the foreign dog's other characteristics, as inferior to the native's. The original pointer stock is believed to have descended from "setting spaniels," greyhounds, foxhounds, and bloodhounds. Later, to produce a kindlier disposition, the dogs were crossed with setters.
The English setter's ancestry, quite curiously, includes the Spanish pointer, along with several types of spaniels. The setter himself had started work as a hunting dog long before the advent of firearms; he located birds and crouched while nets were drawn over them.
The English sportsmen's desire for a dog to chase the fox out of his hole, resulted in the mingling of an amazing array of dog-talent, to produce the popular smooth-coated fox-terrier. Many experts believe the little animal carries the blood of black-and-tan terriers, beagles, greyhounds and bull terriers, with important heritages in alertness, scent, speed, or courage from each.
Another little dog, descended from different stock, became the wire-haired fox terrier. It was crossed with the smooth terrier, to get symmetry and white coloring, but the breeders were careful to retain the rough coat.
Almost as frequently as new breeds have been created, old ones have disappeared or suffered serious declines. The Irish wolfhound, one of the most famous breeds in history and perhaps the largest, degenerated and almost became extinct with the passing of conditions which had made it useful. But an English sportsman, wishing to restore it, crossed the remaining dogs with deerhounds, which he thought were of the same breed. Then he crossed them with Great Danes and Russian wolfhounds, until once again the Irish wolfhound became the tallest known dog, standing as high as thirty-six inches at the shoulder.
MANY other dogs which have become extinct, or almost so, are represented by new breeds in the making of which they had a part. The black-and-tan, or "rat terrier," for example, whose unreliable temper cost him many friends, still flourishes today in a transformed and reformed state, as a part of the Boston, the bull terrier, the fox terrier, the striking and intelligent Dobermann Pinscher (first bred by a German dog catcher) and in many other popular breeds.
Changing tastes and living conditions which so often decree the end of a dog as a type, frequently make a new place for a part of him—and it is the job of the skillful breeder to see that the right part is saved.


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Anthony L. Fernandez, Ph.D.
Associate Professor and Chair
Ph.D., Chemistry, Boston University,
B.S., Chemistry, Boston University
- General Chemistry I & II (CHM1110 & CHM1120)
- Inorganic Chemistry (CHM2320)
- Integrated Lab I (CHM2500)
- Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry (CHM4310)
- Applied Inorganic Chemistry (CHM4320)
Research Interests
My research interests are in organometallic chemistry, and current projects involve:
- Investigating C-N oxidative addition reactions in pincer complexes of Rh which occur both in solution and in the solid state.
- Probing the interactions of transition metals with phosphorus(III) ligands and using correlation analysis of physiochemical data to quantify the effects that such ligands exhibit on attached transition metal centers.
- Studying the activation of organometallic molecules occluded in the pores of zeolites.
In this work, my students and I use many different experimental and instrumental techniques including:
- inert atmosphere synthetic techniques
- multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1 H, 13 C, 19 F, and 31 P)
- infrared spectroscopy
- ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy
- kinetic analysis
- x-ray diffraction (in collaboration with B. Foxman)
- cyclic and square-wave voltammetry
I have on-going collaborations with Professors Bruce Foxman (Brandeis University), Oleg Ozerov (Texas A&M University), and Anthony J. Poë (Emeritus, University of Toronto).
Selected Publications
- A.L. Fernandez, J. Hao, R.L. Parkes, A.J. Poë and E.J.S. Vichi, "Zeolite Activation of Organometallics: Revisiting Substitution Kinetics of [Mo(CO)6] with Chemisorbed PMe3 in Dehydrated Na56 Y Zeolite", Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 2008, 19, 862.
- A.L. Fernandez, J. Hao, R.L. Parkes, A.J. Poë and E.J.S. Vichi, "Zeolite Activation of Organometallics: Anchoring and Decarbonylation Kinetics of [Mo(CO)6] in Dehydrated Na56 Y Zeolite", Organometallics 2004,23, 2715.
- W.P. Giering, A. Prock, and A.L. Fernandez, "Comments on the Electrostatic Minimum Potential (Vmin) as a Measure of the Electron Donating Power of PZ3", Inorganic Chemistry 2003, 42, 8033.
- K.A. Bunten, L. Chen, A.L. Fernandez, and A.J. Poë, "Cone Angles: Tolman's and Plato's", Coordination Chemistry Reviews 2002, 233-234, 41.
- M.R. Wilson, A. Prock, W.P. Giering, A.L. Fernandez, C.W. Haar, S.P. Nolan, "π-Effects Involving Rh-PZ3 Compounds. The Quantitative Analysis of Ligand Effects (QALE)" Organometallics 2002, 21, 2758.
- A.L. Fernandez, M.R. Wilson, A. Prock, and W.P. Giering, "Evaluation of the Stereoelectronic Parameters of Fluorinated Phosphorus(III) Ligands. The Quantitative Analysis of Ligand Effects (QALE)" Organometallics2001, 20, 3429.

subset: commoncrawl


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Census Records for Georgia
This entry was originally written by the Johni Cerny and Robert S. Davis for Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources.
Population Schedules
• Indexed'1820 (partial), 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1890 (fragment), 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930
• Soundex'1880, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930
Industry and Agriculture Schedules
• Industry'1820, 1880
• Agriculture'1850, 1860, 1870, 1880
Mortality Schedules
• 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880
Slave Schedules
• 1850, 1860
Unfortunately, the 1820 census is the earliest enumeration of Georgia's population to have survived, making it necessary to substitute other lists for the missing censuses. More than forty percent of Georgia's population (and likely seventy percent of the frontier migration families) lived in Wilkes County in 1790, making the numerous publications of that one county's extensive surviving records an especially valuable census substitute. The 1820 census of Georgia is also lost for Franklin, Rabun, and Twiggs counties; for many other counties, names were often omitted or unreadable. Land lottery, military, tax lists, and other records, discussed under other headings, are available as census substitutes and supplements for the 1820 and earlier censuses.
Both the Georgia Archives and the FHL have a complete set of Georgia census records and mortality schedules.
Georgia conducted state censuses for various years from 1787 to 1866. Only a relatively few of these returns survive, and they are only lists of heads of households with some minor statistical information. The returns prior to 1852 have been published in various sources. Later census returns, when they survive, are almost all on microfilm at the Georgia Archives. To see what has survived of Georgia state and federal census records, see Robert S. Davis, Research in Georgia (see Background Sources for Georgia), 27-41, 44, 147-68.
Georgia Census Records at Ancestry.com
In addition to the U.S. Federal Census Collection at Ancestry.com, there is a collection of Georgia census indexes that include the following: 1790 Tax Substitute Index; 1792-1819 Tax Lists Index; 1800 Oglethorpe County Territorial Census Index; 1820 Federal Census Index; 1830 Federal Census Index; 1838 State Census; 1840 Pensioners List; 1845 State Census Index; 1850 Federal Census Index; 1860 Federal Census Index; 1860 Slave Schedule; 1870 Federal Census Index; 1890 Veterans Schedule. You can search the collection at Georgia Census, 1790-1890.
Also at Ancestry.com are images of a book entitled The Reconstructed 1790 Census of Georgia that was compiled by Marie De Lamar and Elisabeth Rothstein that attempts "to place as many persons as possible in their county of residence in 1790."
And specifically for Worth County, Georgia in 1920 there is a Worth County, Georgia Census, 1920 database.
External Links
- Georgia Census Records - free up-to-date guide to accessing Georgia census records. Identifies federal, state, and territorial censuses, as well as substitute records (FamilySearch Research Wiki).


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Prosecutor to reopen Jesus Huerta case following tip
17-year-old died after being shot in police car
A North Carolina prosecutor says he's taking a new look at the case of a teenager who police say shot himself while handcuffed in the back of a patrol cruiser.
Durham County District Attorney Leon Stanback said Tuesday that he's asked the State Bureau of Investigation to look into a tip in the case of 17-year-old Jesus Huerta. The DA agreed to resume the investigation after meeting with the SBI and the Huerta family's attorney.
Police say evidence collected during their investigation indicates Huerta killed himself with a concealed pistol that a rookie officer failed to find when he frisked him.
The SBI's original investigation went to Stanback this month. Stanback said he found no probable cause to believe a crime was committed and closed the case.


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Marketing Advice & Reflections
Mobile Only Ads with Enhanced Campaigns
The new Google AdWords Enhanced Campaigns no longer allow advertisers to select devices. Previously, we were able to choose to show ads on mobile devices - or not! And, perhaps more significantly, we were able to chose to show our ads ONLY on mobile devices.
With Enhanced Campaigns this is no longer the case. So just how do we get around this? The answer is in bid adjustments.
Bid adjustments are only available for mobile devices - the "base" bid is the bid used for PC & Tablet traffic (Google still believes these are the same thing!).
So let's say you bid $2 for your click. You can then adjust your mobile bid to -100% and, hey presto - no more mobile ad impressions!
But there's no way to eliminate PC & Tablet traffic - or is there....?
The work around is simple....
Here's the situation we had with one of our clients:
As we can see the bid for all devices was $2 and our CPC was in the region of $1.60 for all.
However, the client wanted to channel to mobile devices only.
The trick was to reduce the "base bid" on PC & Tablet to $0.40 and the increase the bid for mobile devices using a +300% bid adjustment....
Now we see, the PC traffic has all but disappeared - one click only from an ad in 7th spot. Tablet traffic ceased altogether.
And mobile traffic was untouched - or was it?
A closer look reveals that the CPC for mobile traffic dropped from $1.42 to $1.16 and the CTR rose from 0.52% to 1.70% - pleasing trends indeed.
As described above - this is only a workaround - for the time being there is no way to exclude PC & Tablet traffic - and, perhaps more frustrating, there is no way to even separated PC's and Tablets (although some people are trying to figure out a workaround for this based on operating systems!). This is likely to come - in part because Google will eventually realise that they are not the same and that user behaviour is significantly different between the two, but also because so many PPC Manager are asking for it.
A simple solution would be for advertisers to set a device preference (PC, mobile or tablet) against which to set their "base bid" and then set the adjustments for the other two against that. Thus if I set my preferred device as "mobile" I would be able to set a -100% bid to eliminate traffic to the other two if required.
That's not asking too much, is it?


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Stargazing: NASA Mars rover in safe mode; science halted
March 04, 2013 at 10:59 AM
PASADENA, Calif. (AP) — Science experiments by the NASA Mars rover Curiosity have been put on hold as engineers troubleshoot a problem with its computer.
The Associated Press
NASA says the car-size rover is in "safe mode." In this state, Curiosity suspends science activities but is still in contact with Earth.
Engineers discovered a problem with Curiosity's flash memory earlier this week and switched to its backup computer.
Curiosity landed last summer in Gale Crater near the Martian equator to examine whether environmental conditions were favorable for microbes. It recently drilled into a rock and transferred a pinch of powder to its onboard laboratories to study the chemical makeup. It won't be able to finish the analysis until its systems are back to normal.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press.


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The involvement of Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) Taipei City Councilor Lai Su-ju (賴素如), a lawyer and former KMT spokeswoman who also runs the party chairman's office for President and KMT Chairman Ma Ying-jeou (馬英九), in a corruption investigation is indicative of two things.
The first is that the KMT is a corrupt institution that is impossible to reform — something that everyone is aware of and that Ma alone feigns ignorance of.
The second is that the newfound spirit of independence demonstrated by the state prosecutors in investigating Lai means that Taiwan may have a hope yet in the fight against corruption.
When the nation was under the party-state system, anyone who joined the KMT was motivated by a thirst for status and wealth, and had the need to protect these things once they had acquired them.
Nothing has changed since the country's democratization: Those who have joined the party since then and those who were already members are still seeking status, money, special privileges and protection. The KMT will only ever get more corrupt because it is resistant to reform.
Ma likes to talk about fighting corruption, yet it exists all around him. These latest allegations have left him with egg on his face and prompted calls for him to stand down.
If the president genuinely wants to turn things around, as he claims to, he should either leave the KMT to prove that he is "clean," or disband the party and return its ill-gotten assets to the government in the name of justice so the nation's democracy can be normalized.
However, he is not going to do that; instead, Ma's response to the scandal has been to rally the troops around him, call on the corrupt institution to regroup and reaffirm his position as its leader. He has no intention of rooting out graft, or of setting Taiwan's democracy on the right path.
The judiciary has had to put up with Ma's incompetence and intransigence for too long, and has been made to conduct its business according to the dictates of the party-state. Now it has been presented with a historic opportunity to re-establish judicial independence, clean up the political system and make a significant contribution to the nation's democracy.
Members of the judiciary often speak of the need for justice to be served, so it is clear that there are quite a few among them that have a strong sense of what is right. They have suffered from interference by the party-state and been deprived of their independence for too long, therefore it is unsurprising that they feel frustrated with how things are at present.
Prosecutors have recently investigated a succession of Ma's cohorts — first was former Executive Yuan secretary-general Lin Yi-shih (林益世), then-Nantou County Commissioner Lee Chao-ching (李朝卿) and now Lai — and this display of independence has begun to raise eyebrows.
The public is not asking much of the judiciary; all Taiwanese want is for it to be fair and just, not act out of self-interest, and to play its rightful part in the legal system. The public wants the judiciary to uphold consistent standards and reject any political interference, conducting investigations and delivering verdicts based solely on evidence. Once the judiciary meets these criteria, the public will be satisfied.
Ma is surrounded by corruption; he has nothing left to offer the nation. If Taiwan is to become a fairer, more just place, if its politics are to become less corrupt and more transparent, the nation will have to rely on more members of the judiciary opening their eyes to what is going on and fighting it. They must stand up and protect the independence and dignity of the judiciary if it is to become a fair and just institution.


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Quadratic, cubic and quartic equations
|Algebra index
|History Topics Index
It is often claimed that the Babylonians (about 400 BC) were the first to solve quadratic equations. This is an over simplification, for the Babylonians had no notion of 'equation'. What they did develop was an algorithmic approach to solving problems which, in our terminology, would give rise to a quadratic equation. The method is essentially one of completing the square. However all Babylonian problems had answers which were positive (more accurately unsigned) quantities since the usual answer was a length.
In about 300 BC Euclid developed a geometrical approach which, although later mathematicians used it to solve quadratic equations, amounted to finding a length which in our notation was the root of a quadratic equation. Euclid had no notion of equation, coefficients etc. but worked with purely geometrical quantities.
Hindu mathematicians took the Babylonian methods further so that Brahmagupta (598-665 AD) gives an, almost modern, method which admits negative quantities. He also used abbreviations for the unknown, usually the initial letter of a colour was used, and sometimes several different unknowns occur in a single problem.
The Arabs did not know about the advances of the Hindus so they had neither negative quantities nor abbreviations for their unknowns. However al-Khwarizmi (c 800) gave a classification of different types of quadratics (although only numerical examples of each). The different types arise since al-Khwarizmi had no zero or negatives. He has six chapters each devoted to a different type of equation, the equations being made up of three types of quantities namely: roots, squares of roots and numbers i.e. x, x2 and numbers.
- Squares equal to roots.
- Squares equal to numbers.
- Roots equal to numbers.
- Squares and roots equal to numbers, e.g. x2 + 10x = 39.
- Squares and numbers equal to roots, e.g. x2 + 21 = 10x.
- Roots and numbers equal to squares, e.g. 3x + 4 = x2.
Al-Khwarizmi gives the rule for solving each type of equation, essentially the familiar quadratic formula given for a numerical example in each case, and then a proof for each example which is a geometrical completing the square.
Abraham bar Hiyya Ha-Nasi, often known by the Latin name Savasorda, is famed for his book Liber embadorum Ⓣ published in 1145 which is the first book published in Europe to give the complete solution of the quadratic equation.
A new phase of mathematics began in Italy around 1500. In 1494 the first edition of Summa de arithmetica, geometrica, proportioni et proportionalita Ⓣ, now known as the Suma, appeared. It was written by Luca Pacioli although it is quite hard to find the author's name on the book, Fra Luca appearing in small print but not on the title page. In many ways the book is more a summary of knowledge at the time and makes no major advances. The notation and setting out of calculations is almost modern in style:
6.p.R.10 18.m.R.90 ____________________________ 108.m.R.3240.p.R.3240.m.R.90
hoc est 78.
(6 + √10)The last term in the answer 90 is an early misprint and should be 900 but the margin was too narrow so the printer missed out the final 0!
(18 - √90) =
(108-√3240 + √3240 - √900)
which is 78.
(18 - √90) =
(108-√3240 + √3240 - √900)
which is 78.
Pacioli does not discuss cubic equations but does discuss quartics. He says that, in our notation, x4 = a + bx2 can be solved by quadratic methods but x4 + ax2 = b and x4 + a = bx2 are impossible at the present state of science.
Scipione dal Ferro (1465-1526) held the Chair of Arithmetic and Geometry at the University of Bologna and certainly must have met Pacioli who lectured at Bologna in 1501-2. Dal Ferro is credited with solving cubic equations algebraically but the picture is somewhat more complicated. The problem was to find the roots by adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing and taking roots of expressions in the coefficients. We believe that dal Ferro could only solve cubic equation of the form x3 + mx = n. In fact this is all that is required.
For, given the general cubic y3 - by2 + cy - d = 0, put y = x + b/3 to getHowever, without the Hindu's knowledge of negative numbers, dal Ferro would not have been able to use his solution of the one case to solve all cubic equations. Remarkably, dal Ferro solved this cubic equation around 1515 but kept his work a complete secret until just before his death, in 1526, when he revealed his method to his student Antonio Fior.
x3 + mx = n where m = c - b2/3, n = d - bc/3 + 2b3/27.
x3 + mx = n where m = c - b2/3, n = d - bc/3 + 2b3/27.
Fior was a mediocre mathematician and far less good at keeping secrets than dal Ferro. Soon rumours started to circulate in Bologna that the cubic equation had been solved. Nicolo of Brescia, known as Tartaglia meaning 'the stammerer', prompted by the rumours managed to solve equations of the form x3 + mx2 = n and made no secret of his discovery.
Fior challenged Tartaglia to a public contest: the rules being that each gave the other 30 problems with 40 or 50 days in which to solve them, the winner being the one to solve most but a small prize was also offered for each problem. Tartaglia solved all Fior's problems in the space of 2 hours, for all the problems Fior had set were of the form x3 + mx = n as he believed Tartaglia would be unable to solve this type. However only 8 days before the problems were to be collected, Tartaglia had found the general method for all types of cubics.
News of Tartaglia's victory reached Girolamo Cardan in Milan where he was preparing to publish Practica Arithmeticae Ⓣ (1539). Cardan invited Tartaglia to visit him and, after much persuasion, made him divulge the secret of his solution of the cubic equation. This Tartaglia did, having made Cardan promise to keep it secret until Tartaglia had published it himself. Cardan did not keep his promise. In 1545 he published Ars Magna the first Latin treatise on algebra.
Here, in modern notation, is Cardan's solution of x3 + mx = n.Cardan noticed something strange when he applied his formula to certain cubics. When solving x3 = 15x + 4 he obtained an expression involving √-121. Cardan knew that you could not take the square root of a negative number yet he also knew that x = 4 was a solution to the equation. He wrote to Tartaglia on 4 August 1539 in an attempt to clear up the difficulty. Tartaglia certainly did not understand. In Ars Magna Cardan gives a calculation with 'complex numbers' to solve a similar problem but he really did not understand his own calculation which he says is as subtle as it is useless.
Notice that (a - b)3 + 3ab(a - b) = a3 - b3
so if a and b satisfy 3ab = m and a3 - b3 = n then a - b is a solution of x3 + mx = n.
But now b = m/3a so a3 - m3/27a3 = n,
i.e. a6 - na3 - m3/27 = 0.
This is a quadratic equation in a3, so solve for a3 using the usual formula for a quadratic.
Now a is found by taking cube roots and b can be found in a similar way (or using b=m/3a).
Then x = a - b is the solution to the cubic.
Notice that (a - b)3 + 3ab(a - b) = a3 - b3
so if a and b satisfy 3ab = m and a3 - b3 = n then a - b is a solution of x3 + mx = n.
But now b = m/3a so a3 - m3/27a3 = n,
i.e. a6 - na3 - m3/27 = 0.
This is a quadratic equation in a3, so solve for a3 using the usual formula for a quadratic.
Now a is found by taking cube roots and b can be found in a similar way (or using b=m/3a).
Then x = a - b is the solution to the cubic.
After Tartaglia had shown Cardan how to solve cubics, Cardan encouraged his own student, Lodovico Ferrari, to examine quartic equations. Ferrari managed to solve the quartic with perhaps the most elegant of all the methods that were found to solve this type of problem. Cardan published all 20 cases of quartic equations in Ars Magna. Here, again in modern notation, is Ferrari's solution of the case: x4 + px2 + qx + r = 0. First complete the square to obtain
x4 + 2px2 + p2 = px2 - qx - r + p2Now the clever bit. For any y we have
(x2 + p)2 = px2 - qx - r + p2
(x2 + p)2 = px2 - qx - r + p2
(x2 + p + y)2 = px2 - qx - r + p2 + 2y(x2 + p) + y2Now the right hand side is a quadratic in x and we can choose y so that it is a perfect square. This is done by making the discriminant zero, in this case
= (p + 2y)x2 - qx + (p2 - r + 2py + y2) (*)
= (p + 2y)x2 - qx + (p2 - r + 2py + y2) (*)
(-q)2 -4(p + 2y)(p2 - r + 2py + y2) = 0.Rewrite this last equation as
(q2 - 4p3 + 4 pr) + (-16p2 + 8r)y - 20 py2 - 8y3 = 0to see that it is a cubic in y.
Now we know how to solve cubics, so solve for y. With this value of y the right hand side of (*) is a perfect square so, taking the square root of both sides, we obtain a quadratic in x. Solve this quadratic and we have the required solution to the quartic equation.
The irreducible case of the cubic, namely the case where Cardan's formula leads to the square root of negative numbers, was studied in detail by Rafael Bombelli in 1572 in his work Algebra.
In the years after Cardan's Ars Magna many mathematicians contributed to the solution of cubic and quartic equations. Viète, Harriot, Tschirnhaus, Euler, Bezout and Descartes all devised methods. Tschirnhaus's methods were extended by the Swedish mathematician E S Bring near the end of the 18th Century.
Thomas Harriot made several contributions. One of the most elementary to us, yet showing a marked improvement in understanding, was the observation that if x = b, x = c, x = d are solutions of a cubic then the cubic is
(x - b)(x - c)(x - d) = 0.Harriot also had a nice method for solving cubics. Consider the cubic
x3 + 3b2x = 2c3Put x = (e2 - b2)/e. Then
e6 - 2c3e3 = b6which is a quadratic in e3, and so can be solved for e3 to get
e3 = c3 +√(b6 + c6).However
e3(e3 - 2c3) = b6 so that b6/e3 = -c3 +√(b6 + c6).Now x = e - b2/e and both e and b2/e are cube roots of expressions given above.
Leibniz wrote a letter to Huygens in March 1673. In it he made many contributions to the understanding of cubic equations. Perhaps the most striking is a direct verification of the Cardan-Tartaglia formula. This Leibniz did by reconstructing the cubic from its three roots (as given by the formula) as Harriot claimed in general. Nobody before Leibniz seems to have thought of this direct method of verification. It was the first true algebraic proof of the formula, all previous proofs being geometrical in nature.
Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson


text: Wednesday, July 10, 2013 Second Call-in Q&A Can Answer Your Questions on Functional Limitation Reporting Because of high demand for its first Q&A call-in, APTA will host a second Q&A call for members on Tuesday, July 16, 2:00 pm-3:00 pm (EST) to answer questions about the functional limitation reporting requirements that became effective July 1. All providers who bill outpatient therapy services under Medicare Part B must submit functional limitation data (G-codes and appropriate modifiers) for any Medicare beneficiary, or claims will be returned unpaid. Therapists must report functional limitation data on the beneficiaries' current functional status and on the projected goal at scheduled intervals throughout the episode of care, including at the outset of the therapy episode, no less frequently than every 10th visit, and at discharge. Participants in this second Q&A will need access to a computer and the Internet. Space is limited. To secure a spot, please e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com with "July 16 Call" in the subject line. Based on demand, APTA will host future calls throughout the month of July. For more information and resources on functional limitation reporting, please visit APTA's Functional Limitation Reporting webpage.


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Royals soaring since holding team meeting
KANSAS CITY -- Former Royals manager Bob Boone used to have a saying about team meetings: "Winners win, losers meet."
A players-only team meeting the Royals held after a loss at Chicago, though, seems to have helped turn losers into winners. At the time of that conclave, the Royals had lost seven out of eight games.
After that, they rolled off 13 wins in 16 games plus a five-game winning streak that carried into Saturday night's game against the Giants.
The value of such meetings?
"It just gets you refocused," manager Ned Yost said. "A lot of times, you [the manager] can have meetings and then they have meetings. Just like when a group of guys get together and talk about turning it up, they all sit back and listen."
Apparently, with veteran players speaking up, the rest of the team did listen.
"Anything we do in here, we do for a reason and I think that woke us up," pitcher Danny Duffy said. "We've always been pulling on the same end of the rope but we just needed to realize who we are -- and that's a really good team with a lot of talent and proven talent."
Yost thought perhaps it was "more of a coincidence than anything else" but he knew one thing that had happened since that meeting to account for more victories.
"We're hitting better," Yost said. "There's no difference in their play; they were hustling, they were busting their butts. We're hitting better."


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optimize for ad hoc workloads Option
The optimize for ad hoc workloads option is used to improve the efficiency of the plan cache for workloads that contain many single use ad hoc batches. When this option is set to 1, the Database Engine stores a small compiled plan stub in the plan cache when a batch is compiled for the first time, instead of the full compiled plan. This helps to relieve memory pressure by not allowing the plan cache to become filled with compiled plans that are not reused.
The compiled plan stub allows the Database Engine to recognize that this ad hoc batch has been compiled before but has only stored a compiled plan stub, so when this batch is invoked (compiled or executed) again, the Database Engine compiles the batch, removes the compiled plan stub from the plan cache, and adds the full compiled plan to the plan cache.
Setting the optimize for ad hoc workloads to 1 affects only new plans; plans that are already in the plan cache are unaffected.
The compiled plan stub is one of the cacheobjtypes displayed by the sys.dm_exec_cached_plans catalog view. It has a unique sql handle and plan handle. The compiled plan stub does not have an execution plan associated with it and querying for the plan handle will not return an XML Showplan.
Trace flag 8032 reverts the cache limit parameters to the SQL Server 2005 RTM setting which in general allows caches to be larger. Use this setting when frequently reused cache entries do not fit into the cache and when the optimize for ad hoc workloads Option has failed to resolve the problem with plan cache.
Trace flag 8032 can cause poor performance if large caches make less memory available for other memory consumers, such as the buffer pool.
See Also


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Do you provide activities for children and young people in RBWM?
If so, we invite you to register on this brand new RBWM Young People's website. We want to fill this What's On Calendar with all the activities on offer, so that everything will be in one place and easy to find.
Register as a Provider Administrator on the web link below.
Create an organisation record for group and then create events for all your activities.
It is easy to do and easy to update.
Let's make this a community effort to inspire local young people.
Thank you !
You can send yourself a reminder email three days prior to events taking place. 'Tell us about your activities and events for young people in Windsor and Maidenhead.' took place on 19 February 2020.


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Architecture, Design and Evolution in the world of construction and materials. Trends, news, events ...
Gammastone, leader in manufacturing its own large-size slabs and most sophisticated system in the world, is a modern and dynamic structure with a profound knowledge of the natural stone industry.
GammaStone AIR is the most important technological challenge in the international industry of VENTILATED FAăADES and is the result of huge R&D investments together with the skilled work of expert teams of Architects, engineers, and designers. Our team works continuously for the improvement of innovative and revolutionary building systems with the aim of harmonizing the aesthetic charm with the best results from the technical and functional point of view.
GammaStone AIR, that proved to be the most effective composite panel in the international market, suits perfectly for microventilated facades. The microventilated fašade is an external cladding system that creates a thin air gap (open on the top and on the bottom) between the external face of the perimetric wall of the building and the external environment.
The GammaStone AIR panel lends can be used perfectly as the infilling element of in curtain walls, both with mechanical retention both with structural one.
The GammaStone AIR panels suit perfectly to ceilings; they can be the ideal solution for designers and interior designers. The system ensures lightweight, safe coupling system, high ceiling stability even in the areas characterized by relevant seismic risk.
The sunblades are a critical functional and aesthetic element of the cladding system of the buildings. They counteract the solar radiation coming inside the building, playing a decisive role in energy saving and allow to reduce the bright glare of the buildingsĺ interiors, thus increasing the comfort of living.
GAMMASTONE AIR allows to dry-clad walls in a very short time and with the maximum cleanliness, also leaving a gap between the panel and the wall that is really useful for the wiring of the rooms. The overall dimensions of the system is minimal, about 5 cm are enough for the complete package of adaptors, hooks and GAMMASTONE AIR panels. Thanks to the reduced thickness of the system, only a little space is wasted and the use of the environments is maximum. The width of the gap is variable, various fastening systems are available, following the length required by the designer. The system ensures lightness, safe coupling system, high stability even in the presence of seismic hazard.
The GammaStone AIR panel, thanks to its technical characteristics and to the prestige of the external materials, suits perfectly to being used as infill panel for partition walls and furniture and as ceiling to give to the internal space an elegant design touch.


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Main Content
Scholarship Reassigned Time Program
Welcome to the site for the College of Health & Human Services' Scholarship Reassigned Time Program (SRTP). This site offers access to RFPs, guidelines, timetables and forms needed to apply for, report on and conclude an SRTP reassigned time award.
A Word from Dean sandRA bulmer
Scholarship Reassigned Time awards are an important part of the college's scholarship
mission and are open to all tenure-earning and tenured full-time faculty at all ranks.
I want to encourage all faculty members in the eligible categories to consider submitting proposals. It will be particularly important for new faculty to consider submitting an application for next year in order to sustain the research that they have begun this year on the reduced credit load they were given to help them establish their research agendas. But it is important for all faculty to consider how they might make use of this program to enhance the scholarship.
I look forward to receiving the recommendations of the SRTP committee. I will notify all faculty who apply of my decision as per the current semester timeline.
Good luck to all applicants.


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Mobile Homes & Houseboats
What issues do you need to consider before deciding to live on a boat?
Living on a boat won't always be the ideal world you expect. Although generally less expensive than living in a house, there are many costs and pitfalls that you might not have considered. You will need to think about:
- buying the right boat
- finding somewhere to park it
- getting a license and insurance
- boat maintenance and repairs
- utilities and heating costs
Owning a park home – your rights and obligations
If you own a park home (also known as a static caravan or mobile home), you have certain rights and obligations that come from the law. Find out what your legal rights and obligations are and get information on rules the park owner can make.
Park homes – repairs, improvements and utilities
If you own a park home (also known as a static caravan or mobile home), you must keep it in good condition. The park owner must also make repairs and meet the conditions of their license. Find out what the obligations are for making repairs and improvements and get information on utility charges.
Keeping your home in good condition – your obligations
As a resident, you must repair your home when necessary so it stays in good condition. You must keep the outside of your home and pitch clean and tidy, including any fences or outbuildings on your pitch, like a shed.
Repairs and services – the park owner's obligations
Park owners must keep areas of the park which the resident is not responsible for (e.g. common areas like recreation rooms) in good condition.
Park owners are responsible for repairing the area where your home sits (the 'base') if necessary. They must also maintain any services which they supply to your home or the pitch (for example, sewerage).
If the park owner wants to make park improvements
If the park owner plans to make improvements to the park, they must ask each resident. When the park owner asks you about improvements they plan to make, they must:
- give you at least 28 days notice in writing
- explain how it will change the park
- tell you if it will affect your pitch fee
- let you know how you can comment on the proposed improvements
Conditions of the park and licensing
If the mobile home where you live is privately owned (e.g. not run by the council), it must have a license from the local authority. The park owner must display the license where residents can see it.
A license will usually have certain conditions for:
- how many homes can be in the mobile home park
- landscaping – like planting trees
- fire precautions – for example having fire extinguishers available
- health and safety
The park owner must meet the conditions in the license. If you have a complaint about the conditions in the mobile home park where you live, you should talk to the park owner first. Once you've talked to the park owner, if you still have a complaint, you should contact your local council.


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The San Francisco 49ers were widely considered to be the top team in the NFC prior to the 2012 season largely because of their championship-caliber defense. Through the first five weeks, though, it seems coach Jim Harbaugh has assembled an offense that is nearly as potent, featuring a powerful running game and an explosive aerial attack.
After watching the unit roll up over 600 total yards against the Buffalo Bills on Sunday, I had to pop in some tape to see how it has evolved. Here's what I discovered:
1. The 49ers' power running attack wears down opponents late.
Though the rest of the NFL is emphasizing passing, the 49ers have pushed their way to the top with an old-school approach that relies on a power running game. San Francisco, which leads the league in rushing yards per game (195.8) and yards per attempt (6.1), pummels opponents with an assortment of hard-hitting inside runs from a myriad of run-heavy formations that wear down the interior of the defense. Frank Gore spearheads the attack with a relentless running style that combines physicality and toughness with speed, quickness and vision. He explodes through holes at the point of attack and has the patience and awareness to pick up positive yardage when lanes are clogged. Gore's persistence typically produces huge gains in the second half, after opponents have grown weary of banging into the 49ers' big, imposing offensive line.
In the screengrab below, taken from the Niners' win over the Buffalo Bills on Sunday, San Francisco is running an inside zone power, with tight end Delanie Walker working through the line to cut off the strong-side linebacker. Gore will attack the line heading in one direction before immediately looking to cut back behind the double-team block from the center and left guard.
Gore finds an open seam and follows Walker's lead block to a 19-yard gain against the Bills.
Click here to watch the full play.
Kendall Hunter has also been a prominent part of the 49ers' running game, spelling Gore on a rotational basis. Hunter isn't as big or physical as Gore, but he's mustered 5.4 yards per carry, and has found success with similar power running plays between the tackles. With two runners who can grind out tough yards in a phone booth, the 49ers are able to persistently attack the interior of defenses with a flurry of jabs, softening opponents up for a knockout blow in the fourth quarter.
2. A deeper receiving corps makes Alex Smith more difficult to defend.
It's no coincidence that Smith is enjoying the best season of his career after the 49ers spent the offseason upgrading their skill positions. Some would argue that receiver Randy Moss has been a disappointment based on his production, but there's no denying that he and receiver Mario Manningham provide more explosiveness on the perimeter. Manningham in particular has been an outstanding complement to tight end Vernon Davis and receiver Michael Crabtree in the passing game. Manningham has the size, speed and burst to win one-on-one matchups, and he ranks third on the team with 19 receptions for 186 yards.
Moss, who ranks fourth on the team with nine receptions for 99 yards, hasn't been utilized as much as some thought he might be, but he still threatens opponents with his ability to get down the field. Inserted into the lineup as part of the 49ers' heavy formations, Moss prevents defenses from dropping the safety into the box to defend the run. In addition to opening up lanes for Gore, this lifts the coverage on Davis down the middle of the field.
As a result, Smith has had an easier time connecting with receivers at every level; his completion percentage has surged to 68.1, and he has an impressive 8:1 touchdown-to-interception ratio. Smith's 108.7 passer rating leads the NFL; the 49ers are 13-0 when he starts and finishes a game with a rating over 100.0.
Let's take a look at how the 49ers have been utilizing their top aerial weapons.
Vernon Davis: In the screengrab below, taken from Sunday's game, the 49ers align in a trey wing slot formation with Walker on the outside, Davis positioned on the right and Moss split out to the left. Walker and Davis will execute a post-wheel combination route designed to take advantage of the Bills' three-deep coverage.
With the corner assigned to run with Walker on the post route, Davis is left wide open down the boundary on the wheel route, resulting in a 53-yard gain.
Click here to watch the full play.
Michael Crabtree: In the screengrab below, taken from the same game, the 49ers are aligned in a tight wing slot formation, with Crabtree positioned in the slot. The 49ers are running a smash-dig concept, with Crabtree running the dig over the middle of the field.
The Bills linebacker jumps the spot route, and Crabtree comes open over the middle of the field. The play results in a 36-yard gain for Crabtree on a nifty catch-and-run.
Click here to watch the full play.
Mario Manningham: In the screengrab below, also from Sunday's game, the 49ers are aligned in a bunch formation to the left. The Bills are playing man coverage, leaving Manningham isolated at the top of the screen. The cornerback is playing with heavy inside leverage; Manningham's post-corner route exploits this technique, and he grabs an easy 10-yard touchdown toss from Smith.
Click here to watch the full play.
3. Greg Roman's creative schemes produce big plays.
The 49ers don't get enough credit for using clever formations and gadgetry to create big-play opportunities. Harbaugh and offensive coordinator Roman routinely align the 49ers in quirky formations, looking for a numerical advantage at the point of attack that can lead to a huge gain on the ground. They also aren't afraid to call fly-sweeps or reverses to take advantage of aggressive defenders who overrun plays to the front side.
I was surprised by how many of the 49ers' biggest plays over the past few weeks were the products of gimmicks or trick plays. In a win over the New York Jets in Week 4, the 49ers broke out several deceptive plays to exploit undisciplined defenders at the point of attack. The constant deception kept the Jets from finding the ball, and the 49ers rolled up over 200 yards on the ground, dominating the game from beginning to end.QB runs: In the screengrab below, the 49ers are aligned in a bunch formation to the left. Colin Kaepernick will take the direct snap and run around the left end, with a full convoy leading him into the end zone for a seven-yard score. By aligning in a cluster formation, the 49ers create favorable angles for the outside receivers to pin the Jets' perimeter defenders inside. Kaepernick quickly reaches the edge with multiple lead blockers in front.
Click here to watch the full play.Reverses: In the screengrab below, the 49ers are aligned in an ace formation. Receiver Ted Ginn is in motion, as if he's going to run a reverse behind a play-fake to Gore.
However, the 49ers fool the Jets, running the reverse to Manningham on the right. Manningham makes a few nifty cuts and finishes with a 28-yard gain.
Click here to watch the full play.
The 49ers didn't rely as much on tricks or gadgets against the Bills. But their consistent utilization of deceptive plays slows down defenders, leading to productive gains for the offense on basic plays.
Follow Bucky Brooks on Twitter @BuckyBrooks


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Salaam and Greetings of Peace:
The term "constancy" is taken from the Qur'anic passage in which God tells His Prophet (pbuh): "Be constant, as you are commanded." (11:112)
On the Sufi path, one walks with the feet of Love, and constancy, or steadfastness, provides the provisions needed to carry one forward.
Constancy means to step out of your self and stand firm with God. Feeling hurt, making excuses, getting distracted, being irresponsible, making claims, all serve to block the development of constancy or steadfastness in the darvish.
Abu Ali Jauzjani said: "Practice constancy; don't go looking for miracles, for it's your nafs that want miracles, while God wants only constancy from you."
Alhamdulillah! May we stand firm, and not waver on the path of Love, meeting difficulties and afflictions with courage. If someone treats you badly, apologize to him! If someone irritates you, be thankful! If affliction visits you, consider it a necessary cure!
This is the way of the Sufi on the path of Love.
– Adapted from Discourses on the Sufi Path by Dr. Javad Nurbakhsh.
Ya Haqq!


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Im Sexy And She Knows It Tshirt - Ultra-Cotton T-Shirt Back Print Only
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Product Detail:
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- Sports Grey, Antique Cherry Red, Antique Irish Green, Antique Royal 90/10 cotton/poly.
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Invest in Bailey House
Invest in compassion.
The future of Bailey House depends on the forethought and generosity of our friends and supporters today. Given the challenge of locating affordable housing in New York City, major gift support is critical to sustaining our efforts and ensuring the growth of Bailey House's supportive housing program and services. There are many ways individuals, foundations, and corporations can invest in Bailey House—such as corporate sponsorship, gifts of securities, planned giving, in-kind donations, and other articles of giving.
Why invest in Bailey House?
Your investment plays an important role both in your financial outlook and the future of our programs. Planned giving is a meaningful way to perpetuate your name or memorialize a loved one who shares the ideals and goals on which our organization was founded. By investing in Bailey House, you can realize significant benefits today while maximizing the future impact of your charitable gift. Our Development professionals will gladly work with you and your advisors to plan a gift that best serves your long-term financial and philanthropic goals.
To discuss investment opportunities privately, please contact our Chief Development Officer, Eric Douglas, online, by email: edouglas at baileyhouse.org, or by phone at 212.633.2500 ext 455. All inquires are held in strictest confidence.


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Truck Chip Tuning & HGV Engine Tuning
Portsmouth ECU Remapping are renowned experts in Truck Remapping or HGV commercial tuning for your HGV, truck or even, your coach! Given today's fuel prices anyone who hasn't considered ecu remapping is really getting left behind. Portsmouth ECU Remapping are specialists in lorry tuning, diesel tuning, truck remapping, lorry remapping, truck remapping, hgv engine tuning, truck remaps, hgv remaps & cover all major makes such as DAF trucks, Honda trucks, New Holland, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Opel GM, Peugeot, Mercedes and many more.
Economy ECU Remapping the engine ECU of your truck, bus or HGV will not only improve the economy, torque & MPG but will also increase the power, torque, MPG and drivability of your vehicle. HGV Tuning & Truck Remapping by Portsmouth ECU Remapping is the answer!
The ECU remap we create can be tuned for optimum performance, for more low-down torque/power or quite simply, better fuel economy. Truck ECU Remapping is the name of the game at Portsmouth Engine Tuning.
Truck Remapping and HGV Engine Tuning - By Truck Tuning Specialists
ECU Remaps work on all HGVs & Trucks – HGV Engine Tuning & Truck Remapping
Portsmouth ECU Remapping really are the number 1 experts specialising in Truck tuning & HGV Remapping. All our HGV Tuning and Truck ECU Remapping is carried out by our remap experts. Our aim is always to recalibrate the HGV engine management systems without altering the key factors of a HGV. HGV Engine Tuning should not alter low down tractability or the reliability of the vehicle.
Our technicians will work around your schedule and we can even complete upgrades to vehicles not located at head office through our nationwide mobile service. Typically, a number of vehicles can be read all in one go and then written back to at a later time to reduce downtime. Get in touch now for special offers!
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Common HGV Remapping & Truck ECU Remapping Gains
Utilising our HGV ECU Tuning and Truck Remapping service we can remap nearly all later model HGVs including Scania, Man, DAF, Renault, Volvo, Iveco & Mercedes. View the examples below to understand the gains you can expect:
- DAF 94D/94D/220: 25% BHP Gain
- DAF CF/CF65/220 PACCAR 6.7L: 15% BHP Gain
- DAF LF/LF45/140 PACCAR 4.5L: 19% BHP Gain
- DAF XF/XF95/530: 15% BHP Gain
- Iveco Eurocargo E13 4.0 (Euro 3): 23% TORQUE
- MAN TGA /TGA 26.330/280: 18% TORQUE Gain
- Mercedes Atego 4.25 R4/122: 21% TORQUE Gain
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New books - Christmas presents and recent Amazon purchases:
By happenstance two by the same author, Muriel Barbery. I enjoyed them both.
*The* Kerouac book to add to my Kerouac collection.
I'm a fan of Murakami so that's all right.
Keith Richards' Life was an impulse purchase - it's very long.
Your Creative Writing Masterclass, so I know when to dot the i's and cross the t's.


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Jl. Labuan Sait No. 315
Uluwatu, Bali
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Midsommar Services – Car Shipping Is The Industry Leader For Auto Transport From Belton, TX (76513)
We assure you to provide best shipping services at minimal quotes. At Midsommar Services – Car shipping we believe in exceptional customer service. Our professional transport specialists will communicate with you to answer all of your concerns and will inform you on changes.
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BACKGROUND IMAGE: iSTOCK/GETTY IMAGES
- MagazineCloud storage for archiving
- MagazineDAS lives
- MagazineRecovery slows for storage shops
- MagazineShortages -- real or not -- have hiked disk prices
- MagazineCloud storage not so spooky anymore
- MagazineWere those crazy Mayans thinking about storage?
- MagazineDealing with big data: The storage implications
- MagazineFlash tech powers cloud storage and gives enterprises a boost
iSTOCK/GETTY IMAGES
Flash tech powers cloud storage and gives enterprises a boost
Flash technology can be attractive for cloud service providers -- and enterprises -- looking for a highly available, scalable and efficient data storage solution.
- Jeff Byrne, Contributor
Flash technology can be attractive for cloud service providers -- and enterprises -- looking for a highly available, scalable and efficient data storage solution.
For service providers operating in or moving to the cloud, data storage is a strategic component of their overall offering. Whether it's a small regional managed service provider (MSP) or a global cloud infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) provider, a great storage platform can provide that competitive edge to rapidly grow your business. On the flip side, a weak storage system can be the Achilles' heel that costs a provider service-level agreement (SLA) penalties or, worse, new business opportunities.
Traditional storage systems have been engineered for businesses that have the luxury of specialized skills and significant storage budgets. In contrast, service provider operations designed for scale with margin-optimizing efficiency require considerably more storage with considerably less complexity. Most attempts by traditional vendors to address these needs have forced service providers to make painful tradeoffs in critical areas such as availability, performance and cost.
With this in mind, service providers looking for a better approach have increasingly invested in flash storage technology. Flash has promised -- and largely delivered -- better IOPS and increased throughput for critical, I/O-intensive applications, though often at a much higher cost per GB than traditional hard disk drives (HDDs). But performance is just one attribute cloud service providers are looking for in a storage solution. Also high on their list are requirements such as:
- High availability and reliability. Cloud service providers can't afford storage infrastructure downtime, lest they risk breaking SLA-driven availability commitments and irreparably damaging their reputations.
- Cost-effective scalability. Flash storage must scale easily and nondisruptively to accommodate rapidly growing capacity requirements, and at a cost that enables service providers to maintain affordable and competitive prices.
- Built-in operational efficiencies. In a similar vein, cloud service providers are looking for storage systems that are frugal in terms of space, power and cooling requirements, since every dollar of cost means one less dollar flowing to the bottom line.
Unfortunately, most flash storage systems today don't meet these requirements. We believe this gap between solution requirements and actual capabilities, along with some confusion about how and where flash can best be deployed, has inhibited the adoption of flash storage among cloud service providers. Let's take a closer look at these requirements and, in the process, briefly examine how a couple of innovative flash storage vendors are addressing them. Though flash can be deployed in various ways to meet service provider challenges, we'll focus on all-flash array solutions.
It's important to note that many enterprises have similar needs. So while emerging solid-state products satisfy service provider requirements, they also meet those of enterprises looking for high-performance, reliable and scalable storage.
Requirement: Availability and reliability
For service providers looking for a storage platform, high availability is clearly one of the top requirements. Most cloud IaaS providers' SLAs are based on minimum availability guarantees, meaning storage must operate without disruption in the event of outages or planned maintenance activities.
Unfortunately, many early flash storage offerings have been built around single controller systems, and have lacked the availability features needed to meet these requirements. Nimbus Data Systems, a provider of all-flash arrays, is addressing availability with a dual-active, redundant controller architecture designed to eliminate single points of failure. A companion set of capabilities, such as hot-swappable flash modules and nondisruptive capacity expansion, are in place to prevent outages due to planned maintenance activities. Just as important from a reliability and durability perspective, Nimbus uses enterprise-grade enterprise multi-level cell (eMLC) NAND silicon for an extended life 10 times better than MLC flash chips.
SolidFire, an all-solid-state drive (SSD) vendor that recently emerged from stealth mode, also has a system architected for high availability. The company's clustered, scale-out storage system employs storage virtualization to spread volumes across the entire drive pool and its Helix technology to replicate data. If a node or drive suffers a hardware failure or needs to be taken offline, the affected data is instantly re-replicated across the cluster, allowing processing to continue without disruption.
Requirement: Scalability
While flash storage performance generally lived up to service providers' expectations, scalability of flash systems didn't.
With an eye on scalability requirements, Nimbus has designed its flash storage technology with service providers in mind. At 10 TB per rack unit, Nimbus offers one of the highest density primary storage systems on the market
today. Service providers can seamlessly add Nimbus enclosures to an existing array, so capacity can be added without forklift upgrades.
SolidFire clusters are also built for scalability, aggregating multiple storage nodes over an iSCSI-based, 10 Gbps Ethernet grid. The cluster scales linearly with each additional node, aggregating performance and capacity resources across all nodes. The company's primary storage solution scales to 100 nodes, representing more than 1 PB of capacity.
Requirement: Operational efficiencies
In the highly competitive cloud service provider space, efficiency advantages can make or break profitability. Service providers are constantly looking for ways to pack more storage wallop into a smaller footprint, and to wring every last watt of power and BTU of cooling efficiency out of their arrays. Unfortunately, most flash storage offerings to date have fallen short of meeting those efficiency goals.
Nimbus' approach delivers high-density flash storage with three times the density of 15K HDDs. A single Nimbus E-Class system can crank out the same level of performance using just 7% of the footprint of HDD storage. E-Class systems consume just 5W of power per terabyte, an 80% savings over conventional 15K disks.
For its part, SolidFire employs real-time inline deduplication and compression across all data to streamline capacity needs. All new capacity is thin provisioned. Leveraging the strengths of the scale-out clustered architecture, these capabilities enable SolidFire to achieve 85%-plus capacity utilization without performance degradation.
What this means for service providers (and enterprises)
Flash memory has the potential to take cloud storage availability, scalability and efficiency to a whole new level. Innovative players such as Nimbus Data Systems and SolidFire are bringing flash storage products to market that help realize the potential of solid-state storage.
BIO: Jeff Byrne is a senior analyst and consultant at Taneja Group.


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You can make a difference in other people's lives if you know how to speak the language of medicine. With the high demand for healthcare workers, mastering medical terminology is an important first step in your healthcare career. This online medical terminology course will help you gain a greater understanding of the human body, how to describe it, and how to use medical terminology in a healthcare setting.
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The instructional materials required for this course are included in enrollment. The following textbooks will be shipped to you approximately 7-10 business days after enrollment:
There are no prerequisites to take this course other than basic computer skills.
Carline Dalgleish has worked in medical office administration for over 30 years. She holds a bachelor's degree in Business Information Systems, a master's degree in Leadership, and a post-baccalaureate certificate in Health Information Management. She is a Registered Health Information Administrator and an AHIMA Approved ICD-10-CM/PCS Trainer. Dalgleish is the author of an ICD-10 coding system and also owns her own consulting firm, AnnGrant Educational Services.
Sharon L. Blackford, MA, BA, RMA, has over 30 years of experience in the medical field. She has a Master's degree in Organizational Management, a Bachelor's degree in Business Management, and has served as a Registered Medical Assistant since 1994. Sharon was an active duty Clinical Specialist in the U.S. Army for 10 years. Sharon later moved to the Gulf Coast to accept a position as the Director of Education of Blue Cliff College and was promoted to Campus Director.
Stacey O'Brien has more than 10 years of experience in medical coding and reimbursement. Ms. O'Brien has been a risk adjustment coder for a Medicare advantage plan, audited medical records for a consulting firm, and currently supervises the coding and electronic claims submission process for a group medical practice. She has a bachelor's degree from the University of Pittsburgh and a CPC coding certification from the AAPC.
1. What are some healthcare jobs that require medical terminology?
Healthcare jobs that require a knowledge of medical terminology include medical coder, medical biller, medical assistant, electronic health records specialist, medical transcriptionist, and health unit coordinator.
Can I register for courses if I am an international student?
Yes, ed2go courses are completely online. However, keep in mind that not all certifying bodies or industry-specific certifications are recognized internationally. Please review your country's regulations prior to enrolling in courses that prepare for certification.
2. Does this course prepare for a certification?
3. When can I start this course?
This course is open enrollment, so you can register and start the course whenever you are ready. Access to your course can take 24-48 business hours.
4. How long does it take to complete this course?
After you register, you will receive 6 months to complete the course. The time allotted for completion has been calculated based on the number of course hours.
5. What if I don't have enough time to complete the course within the time frame provided?
If you are unable to complete the course, contact your Student Advisor to help you work out a suitable completion date. Please note that an extension fee will be charged. If you are funded through a third-party organization, approval may also be required.
6. What kind of support will I receive?
The course instructor will be available by email to answer any questions you may have and to provide feedback on your performance. Occasionally, your course may be supported by a team of industry experts. You will also be assigned a Student Advisor for academic support.
7. What happens when I complete the course?
Upon successfully passing the final exam, you will be awarded a certificate of completion from the school or organization that you registered through.
8. Am I guaranteed a job?
ed2go courses will help you gain the skills you need to obtain an entry-level position in most cases. However, you should always research the job market in your area before enrolling.
9. Can I get financial assistance?
ed2go courses are non-credit, so they do not qualify for federal aid, FAFSA, and Pell Grant. In some states, vocational rehab or workforce development boards may provide funding to take our courses. Additionally, you may qualify for financial assistance if you meet certain requirements. To learn more about financial assistance, click here.
10. How can I get more information about this course?
If you have questions that are not answered on our website, representatives are available via LIVE chat. You can also call us at 1-877-221-5151 during regular business hours to have your questions promptly answered. If you are visiting us during non-business hours, please send us a question using the "Contact Us."
I liked that I got to do everything at my own pace. If I wanted to take a couple days off, I wasn't worried about not getting work done or having to take a quiz or anything…everything was straight and to the point, the representatives were extremely helpful in getting the whole process started, and all-in-all a very good class. I look forward to taking more.- K.C., University of St. Francis
The course was easily accessible, simple to follow, and covered a wide range.- J.F., Jefferson State Community College
I appreciated all of the practice quizzes and worksheets at the end of each chapter. This really helped me to remember what I had just read. I hadn't taken a class in about 20 years! Gatlin made it easy for me to get back into the swings of things!- W.L., Community College of Beaver County
I loved that this was a self paced program. It made it easier going at my own pace. Also, I loved the flow of the course chapters.- K.B., North Idaho College
I appreciate that I could work at my own pace. I could easily access the materials where and when I needed to. This was my first online course experience, it was both effective and simple to follow. I would not shy away from taking another online course. K.D., Normandale Community College
Carrie Stein was knowledgeable of the subject matter and always quick to completely answer my questions.- S.L., Midwestern State University
Medical Terminology was a great course!- C.W., University of New Mexico, Continuing Education Division
Great course content and very convenient to learn. I liked the different exercises/puzzles to learn the material.- K.P., Cuyahoga Valley Career Center
I usually feel intimidated when taking online courses, but I didn't feel intimidated with this one. It was a well organized course. I enjoyed the course and I feel I learned a lot of new things.- L.L., Anoka-Ramsey Community College
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Former Lunatic Asylum Now a Lure for Ghost Hunters
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Normally, Rebecca Jordan will take all the free TV exposure she can get for the psychiatric hospital that she's turned into a tourist attraction known as the Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum. SyFy's "Ghost Hunters." Travel Channel's "Ghost Adventures" and "Ghost Stories." Discovery's "Forgotten Planet."
She even hosted an episode of CMT's "My Big Redneck Wedding" on the 307-acre grounds. But she drew the line when producers for A&E's "Paranormal State" called. They didn't want to meet the ghosts behind the 2½-foot thick walls, she says. They wanted to get rid of them.
"And I was like, 'Well, maybe you're not the right fit for me. We do not want to get rid of our spirits! We want them to stay in the building!' "Unless they want to go home," she adds with a laugh. "And then they can go home. I'm not trying to keep anybody here who doesn't want to be here."
Spirits, after all, make money. And the property that Jordan's father bought three years ago for $1.5 million is now generating enough revenue from overnight public ghost hunts at $100 a person and other types of tours to pay a staff of 33 and fund a never-ending list of maintenance and repair projects.
The main Gothic Revival building is one of the world's largest hand-cut sandstone structures and a National Historic Landmark. Virginia legislators authorized its construction in 1858, but it wasn't until 1864 that the first patients were admitted.
The hospital repeatedly changed hands during the Civil War, ending up with West Virginia when it became a separate state. Originally intended for 250 patients, it housed nearly 10 times that many during the 1950s.
Known in later years as Weston Hospital, it eventually closed in 1994, when the state moved patients to a more modern facility. Then it stood empty for nearly 15 years, inhabited only by rats, security guards and the occasional paintball-playing trespasser.
In 2008, Jordan's father Joe, a Morgantown asbestos abatement and demolition contractor, bought it at auction for $1.5 million. He's since sunk at least another $1 million into the place, hiring crew after crew to repair the showpiece clock tower, the disintegrating floors and the forever-leaking roofs.
Running the asylum is a family affair. Rebecca handles marketing and sales. Her historian husband applies for grants. Her brother handles advertising and maintains the website. Her 13-year-old daughter, Breonna Childress, is a full-time volunteer who hosts overnight birthday-party ghost hunts with her friends and talks about the day she'll inherit the business.
Mainly by capitalizing on public interest in the paranormal, the Jordans have lured more than 115,000 visitors to the property since they bought it. Chris Richards, director of the Lewis County Convention and Visitors Bureau, calls the following "phenomenal," noting that people are traveling from all over the world to visit Weston.
The Jordans and local hotels co-sponsor each other, and the operators of gas stations, convenience stores and restaurants all tell Richards that business is up. "We're all tickled to death that someone is in there and using the space and bringing its back to its heyday and letting it be all it can be," she says. "If you love architecture and you love history and you love the paranormal, you're going to love that building, and that's just all there is to it."
Not that there aren't critics. Some mental health advocates were outraged by the name change, and still are. "I still think it is inappropriate to capitalize on the sad history of that place and to promote the stereotypes that are attached often to mental illness," says Ann McDaniel, executive director of the Statewide Independent Living Council.
"There's enough fear out there about people who have mental illness. We don't have to make it scary. "It sensationalizes," McDaniel says. "If they were just educating people, that would be good. But when you have haunted houses ... when you have trails called the 'Psycho Path,' that kind of thing is negative."
About once every six months, Rebecca Jordan gets a call from someone concerned about the name. "And then they book!" she says. "So who cares?"
The Jordan family has experience with mental health issues, she says, and its exhibits educate people on treatments once considered state of the art and now considered horrifying — electroshock therapy, lobotomies, cold-water baths and cage-like cribs that were hung from the ceiling, to name just a few. The seven museum rooms also feature more than 120 pieces of artwork — pottery, paintings, quilts — that patients made in therapy.
Disassembled for the winter, when the building is cold and damp, the displays include the superintendent's books, nurses' logs and more. The asylum is working with West Virginia University to create an interactive exhibit featuring story boards, photos and recorded interviews with former patients and staff. And the museum is a popular stop with not only junior high and high school history classes, but also nursing and abnormal psychology students.
"Primarily, there were people here who were trying to make it better for the mentally ill," Jordan says. "But there were still people who believed in what they called 'thump therapy' ... and that's just the people who came in angry and would just beat the patients. Unfortunately, that did happen."
The key to the Jordans' success so far has been a diversity of offerings, from Civil War and hospital history tours, to "mud bogs" for four-wheelers and trucks, and a 25-band Moonstruck Music Festival. It hosts year-round paranormal tours and ghost hunts, even inviting TV celebrities to give seminars and lead special private hunts.
Jordan says the asylum is making about $600,000 or $700,000 a year now, but she still doesn't take a salary, and every dollar goes back into the business.
"And I'm fine with that," she says. "As long as we're able to keep the building open."
At the end of October, her payroll totaled about $161,000. But maintenance expenses were more than $295,000 — and that was before the wintertime shutdown and the ramping-up of repairs. And so she adds attractions, with an eye to running a year-round business in 2012. In the spring, she'll open three new museum rooms, plus a Macabre Museum "with all the oddities, all the strange stories" in the basement.
Jordan's also working with bus companies on a "Kooky Christmas" and dinner-theater tour that will keep people coming through next winter. But she faces on expensive hurdle: The unheated building is frigid, colder inside on a rainy December day than it is outside. Employee Eric Skinner leans over and fake-whispers in Jordan's ear.
"If you heat it," he tells her, "they will come."