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A surge in terror activity by Al Qaeda affiliates in Sinai is frightening tourists in the southern Israel resort town of Eilat, and that's making city officials and business leaders very nervous. It's infuriating the Egyptian military. And it's hardening Israeli attitudes toward the peace negotiations with the Palestinians.
Not surprisingly, it's also reopening the perennial debate between Israel's political and security leaders over how far to trust the neighbors.
Rocket fire from Sinai prompted a rare, late-night alert in Eilat that sent residents and tourists scrambling for shelter at 1:00 a.m. on August 13, the day before formal peace talks were to open in Jerusalem. A single Grad rocket aimed at the city center was shot down by an Iron Dome anti-missile battery that had been stationed in Eilat a month earlier, in response to another rocket threat.
Just five days before this attack, on August 8, Eilat's airport had shut down for several hours following an Egyptian army warning of a likely jihadist attack. The plotters of that earlier attack were killed in an aerial strike on August 9. The August 13 rocket was claimed to be retaliation — though intelligence sources said it was simply follow-through on the earlier plan.
The political impact of the attack was immediately obvious in the news reporting of the event. Most reports identified the attackers as jihadist organizations based among the Bedouin tribes in Sinai. Two different jihadist groups claimed credit for the attack, although only one of the claims appeared to have credibility.
But one news outlet, Israel Hayom, which is closely identified with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, attributed the attack to a "Palestinian terror organization." The Israel Hayom report was picked up by a right-leaning wire service, Jewish News Service, which then distributed it to community news operations in the Diaspora.
The Israel Hayom version was not entirely fanciful. One of the jihadi groups, the Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem, or Maglis Shoura al-Mujahideen fi Aknas Beit al-Maqdis, has a small presence in Gaza as well as Sinai. That makes the Palestinian label at least plausible (though the common rendering as "Maglis" rather than "Majlis" shows the group's Egyptian, non-Palestinian roots).
The other group, Ansar Beit al-Maqdis ("Supporters of the Holy Temple"), also known as Ansar Jerusalem, is based entirely among Sinai Bedouin tribes, where it has been active for several years. Ansar is believed by most sources to be responsible for the Eilat attack (though The New York Times attributed it to the Shura Council).
But calling the attackers "Palestinian" serves a political purpose. It creates the appearance of a connection between the jihadist, Al Qaeda-linked attackers and Israel's negotiating partners. That strengthens the Israeli claim that the Palestinians don't accept Israel and can't be trusted.
The question of what to call the Sinai jihadists goes to the heart of Israel's escalating territorial debate. Israel's intelligence services, like Egypt's, see the jihadis mainly as foreign agitators who have gained a foothold among the Bedouin in Sinai by exploiting the tribes' longstanding alienation from Cairo. Over the past two years they've engaged in several bloody firefights with Egyptian police and military.
The Israeli security establishment highly values its relationship with the Egyptian military. The ties remained strong even after the Muslim Brotherhood took power, confirming the view of the Israeli brass that peace agreements are durable. Security cooperation with the Palestinian Authority is at least as successful as with Egypt. But the stalemate in Israeli-Palestinian diplomacy is putting strains on the security relationship. Making peace with a Palestinian state is regarded as an urgent necessity in order to preserve the military relationship.
That's why, from the standpoint of the brass, the jihadi-inspired instability rocking the region doesn't weaken the case for a peace agreement but strengthens it. It's probably no accident that the same issue of Israel Hayom where the Maglis was called "Palestinian" featured an op-ed essay by the former commander of the Israeli navy, Eliezer Marom, urging a quiet alliance with the Assad regime in Syria to resist a jihadi rebel victory. Syria has kept its border with Israel quiet for four decades. In today's Middle East, that qualifies as downright neighborly.
By contrast, the current Israeli political leadership regards the Palestinians as inherently untrustworthy. Netanyahu and his closest allies see the Palestinians' security cooperation with Israel as a tactical ploy to win Israel's trust and clear the way for statehood, after which cooperation will be unnecessary. Moreover, it's widely believed that an independent Palestine would be taken over by Hamas, abandon cooperation and resume armed attacks.
Ansar Jerusalem is believed to have set down roots in Sinai in the chaos that followed the 2011 overthrow of Hosni Mubarak. It was responsible for the August 2011 attack on an Israeli bus near Eilat that left eight civilians dead. That attack prompted a hurried reinforcement of the 165-mile Sinai border fence, which was originally built to deter immigrants along the once lightly patrolled frontier. Since the fence became a wall, Ansar has given up trying to infiltrate and concentrated on launching rockets at Eilat. The August 13 attack was the first that came close to the city center.
The Shura Council is newer. It was announced in June 2012 as an attempt to merge several small Salafi groups in Gaza and Sinai. Its first attack came that month, when two members crossed into Israel, laid down an improvised explosive device and then fired on an Israeli jeep, killing a construction worker. It's also staged two rocket attacks. Most of its members now appear to be in Hamas prisons, accused variously of plotting to overthrow the Hamas government or violating Hamas's Egyptian-brokered 2011 cease-fire with Israel.
The jihadis' attitude toward Hamas is mixed. On one hand, they regularly call for cooperation, since they share similar ideologies and goals. On the other hand, they often accuse Hamas of being part of the Zionist conspiracy, since it maintains its two-year-old cease-fire with Israel and regularly arrests the jihadis — or worse — for violating it.
For the same reason, some Israeli current and former intelligence officials, led by former Mossad director Efraim Halevy, see Hamas as a potential partner with Fatah and Israel in détente. Simple self-preservation, after repeated battering by the Israeli military, has moderated the group's taste for confronting Israel. And the arrival of Al Qaeda has given Hamas and Israel a common enemy. In the words of the country song, it's not love — but it's not bad.
Contact J.J. Goldberg at email@example.com
Sinai's Surge in Islamist Terror Gives Israel Jitters
J.J. Goldberg
J.J. Goldberg is editor emeritus of the Forward, where he served as editor in chief for seven years (2000-2007).


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Jan 02, 2002 | ISBN 9780375714481
"An elegant book . . . that lets readers know they aren't alone."
–Wall Street Journal
"Mesmerizing. Cobb is down to earth, funny, disturbingly direct."
–Detroit Free Press
"An eloquent book. Cobb's harrowing insistence that death be confronted without the veil of denial is made possible, and even more starkly compelling, by the grace and wit of her writing."
–Kay Redfield Jamison, author of An Unquiet Mind

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Order from our All-American menu and try the best tastes in Tennessee! You'll drool over one of our delicious burgers or deluxe sandwiches. Feel the sizzle of our signature steak and seafood entrees, or sample one of J.T. Hannah's Specialties such as our award-winning St. Louis Spare Ribs!
When you're finished, don't forget to order a local favorite – Mama Laura's Famous Strawberry Short Cake! C'mon in our Kitchen and see what's cookin'! Walk through the door and let your eyes wander our warehouse filled with rustic décor and relics reminiscent of the 1930s. Opened in honor of J.T. Hannah, a prosperous businessman in the Great Smoky Mountains, we carry on the tradition of serving hearty fare and a bounty of beverages at a reasonable cost.
The food is unforgettable and so is the service! Our friendly staff will show you true Southern Hospitality – the same way J.T. did when he opened around 1930. Visit J.T. Hannah's Kitchen and find your new favorite – only in Pigeon Forge!
Don't forget to visit these other great restaurants while you're in town!


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ID thief targets small business owner
Owner talks about how criminal ruined her credit, offers advice to others
Identity theft can happen to anyone, any time of year. Thieves out there would love to use your name to get a few credit cards and then go on a shopping spree. It happened to one small business owner and the toll was enormous.
"You ruined my life and your own life."
That's Hong Fang's message to the scam artist who stole her identity two different times and opened up several credit cards in her name, destroying her credit.
"My credit score before is over 800. After he effect me, the one time the lowest is only 200 something. No credit card company want to open any account with me," she said.
And it impacted her trucking business.
"One time I tried to go to get gas station and get my gas and the credit card denied it," she said.
And Fang wasn't the only victim.
"This person would get people's information and then he would try to open up credit cards by calling the credit card company saying he was an authorized user and he needed the card sent to an address," said US Postal Inspector, Dominick Riley.
There were 25 victims in this case. Dollars stolen from Fang's credit card alone, "At least $20,000 to $30,000," she said.
Fang says one way to avoid falling victim to a scam like this one, "I won't release any of my personal information on the phone."
Another piece of advice: Check your credit card statements often. If you don't, and you become a victim of identity theft, Fang says, "It's terrible. It's a nightmare."
The conman in this case is a repeat offender, according to inspectors. Four arrests for identity theft or fraud and prison time didn't stop him. Even while behind bars, inspectors say he was opening up credit cards in Hong Fang's name.
For information for consumers and businesses to deter, detect and defend against identity theft, the Federal Trade Commission has set up an identity theft website to help you.
Copyright 2012 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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Who wants a 'robot companion'? Look no further than Intel Labs
Sci-fi predicts the future, says Chipzilla CTO
Interview Can you imagine IBM Research ever developing a social robot companion? Intel CTO Justin Rattner can't, but he's happy for his own researchers to build one – and for the technology to find its way into the market. Eventually.
Ask most techies of a certain age how a company should carry out research and development and they will likely cite Bell Labs, or one of its clones such as Xerox Parc or IBM Research.
The problem is, says Rattner, while this traditional model continues to shape perceptions of how to run research, it is pretty much dead in the water. Indeed, as Rattner pointed out in a speech at Intel's Open Innovation 2.0 event in Dublin recently, it's debatable whether it was ever really suited for taking "inventions" and turning them into "innovations" - or, put another way, into something people will buy and use.
"Bell Labs' model was basically to do academic research without the burdens of having to teach or having to convince your government masters that you had worthy research to do," Rattner told The Register in a conversation after his speech.
This is fine as far as it went, Rattner argues, but it also meant that while Bell Labs laid the groundwork for the point contact transistor, Ma Bell failed to do anything with it. While William Shockley jumped ship to set up his own operation to further transistor research, he built it in the image of Bell Labs.
It took another set of defectors to set up Fairchild Semiconductor before the transistor started resembling anything that could form the building blocks on an integrated circuit. The rest is (Intel) history.
R&D: Evolve or die
Things started to change in the 90s, even as the rapidly fattening Microsoft was scaling up its own Microsoft Research operation, picking up refugees from academia as well as Xerox, DEC, et al. As Rattner says, boards were asking CEOs: "Are you getting value out of your research organisation, or would it make sense to just shut the thing down?"
"We had the same pressure at Intel. There'd been a research organisation separate from the labs associated with the chip technology for many years, but it wasn't held in very high esteem and was generally thought of as an ivory tower."
"It was the middle of the decade and we were thinking about how we should structure research at Intel so that … the lab's impact would be seen as the critical - if not the primary - engine for innovation in the company. And we think we succeeded in doing that."
At IBM, says Rattner, Lou Gerstner handed the research purse strings to the product units, leaving researchers touting for budgets.
As for Intel, "The original metric that [former CEO Paul] Otellini established was 'OK, how many technologies are moving out of the labs and moving into the product section'. It's actually part of the executive incentive program. It had to be."
"And then he [Otellini] said, 'you can transfer these technologies, but I want to know that these technologies are going to be in those products."
"That was when he really raised the bar - but it was the right thing to do because it made everybody focus: 'this is not just about getting the technology from A to B, this is about getting the technology to the market.'"
This very process of drawing a direct line between pure research and products in the market could be seen as the fast route to underinvestment in R&D which many US firms, and Universities, are accused of these days. Scientists' drive to do blue sky research is supposedly being trumped by short-termism, and shareholders with a time horizon of a quarter at the most.
Bringing research to market
Rattner, unsurprisingly, would say this is not the case at Intel, and points out that Labs works ahead of product group demands - to the extent of funding its own "ventures" to get technology off the starting blocks, where necessary. There are three of these Lab Ventures in progress at the moment, Rattner says, though the only one which he will discuss in public is Silicon Photonics.
"That's a lab venture and it basically was created to take roughly a decade's worth of research in silicon photonics and bring it to market."
According to Rattner, when Labs went to Intel's network business and started talking up the prospect of 100Gbps, the response was, "you know guys, that's all great stuff, but there's no need right now, we're just trying to do 40Gbps..."
Rattner explains: "When it costs less than 4x the price of the current technology but gives you 10x the performance, the market shifts and this is what delayed 10Gbps. It took so long they just couldn't get the cost to 4x what 1Gbps technology was at."
From a product point of view, the numbers didn't add up for silicon photonics yet. While there was undoubtedly demand from HPC volumes that would have been too low justify a new business, says Rattner.
"But you know, as we were out talking to the big data centre customers, they were telling us they're going to need this stuff much sooner and they were going to need it in very high volumes."
So, Rattner's team began showing potential customers 50Gbps laboratory technology.
"We said, if we could figure out how to manufacture it in higher volume, would you buy this stuff? And they were very encouraging. And in fact as part of getting funding [from Intel's venture board] we had to pull in two MOUs to our venture board [saying] if you can do this, we're ready to buy it. And that was the basis for starting the business
The photonics technology was demo'd at IDF Beijing recently, and Rattner says Intel has engineering samples, was building up yields, and "We'll be in the market within the year."
"From time to time to a small number of technologies come more out of the exploratory side of our research that either don't have a home or it's too early for them to have a home and they're obvious candidates for venturing."
The drive to productise Silicon Photonics has thrown off other developments, he adds.
"We could spend the next hour just talking about testing," says Rattner. We don't, but he does raise a good question:
"I mean, how do you test an optical integrated circuit - it turns out you can't buy standard testers so we had to invent our own."
Sponsored: Detecting cyber attacks as a small to medium business


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main(713) 222-2273
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text:
Complete Guide To Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee
More error whic Backdoor.Plaintee causes
0x8024D010 WU_E_SETUP_INVALID_REGISTRY_DATA Windows Update Agent could not be updated because the registry contains invalid information., 0x000000C9, 0x00000077, 0x0000009E, 0x00000023, Error 0xC1900208 – 0x4000C, 0x80243FFD WU_E_NON_UI_MODE Unable to show UI when in non-UI mode; WU client UI modules may not be installed., 0x8024000F WU_E_CYCLE_DETECTED Circular update relationships were detected in the metadata., 0x0000000A, 0x8024400C WU_E_PT_SOAP_MUST_UNDERSTAND Same as SOAP_E_MUST_UNDERSTAND – SOAP client was unable to understand a header., 0x80240FFF WU_E_UNEXPECTED An operation failed due to reasons not covered by another error code., 0x00000008, Error 0x80070070 – 0x50011
Solution To Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee from System Possible Steps For
An Overview about Backdoor.Plaintee
An Overview about Backdoor.Plaintee
Backdoor.Plaintee is a nasty malware that is injected through the tricky ways inside System. Such malware is developed for the purpose of making money by terrifying those users who don't have any idea about it. After residing inside System Backdoor.Plaintee gradually targets the all the popular web browsers and alters their homepage, default search engine and new tab URL. Users begins to get redirected towards the undesired web page incessantly. In addition to this, it drops lots of ads and pop ups on infected browsers which always leads towards the malicious domain on getting clicked. Users have to come across the various unexpected kind of difficulties at the time of web surfing. Moreover it also encrypts the important files because of which a strong blockage gets elevated for users in accessing them. Later users are made acquainted with the encryption event via ransom note which states that their files have encrypted and now for getting those back, they will have to pay the demanded amount to purchase decryption key to unlock their files. More analysis about Backdoor.Plaintee has revealed that it is capable of infecting all version of Windows XP and also it weakens the security mechanism of the host System.
How Backdoor.Plaintee perforated inside System
Backdoor.Plaintee are injected inside System through the misleading techniques. Most often its developers select the spam email. They put the infectious attachments with it and when it is received by users they make click on it in normal way considering it as some urgent message. Apart from it, the installation of cost free application from freeware packages also leads to the intrusion of Backdoor.Plaintee inside System. Share of files online and visit on shady websites may be treated as one of the reason.
What are the vicious impact of Backdoor.Plaintee
- Backdoor.Plaintee infects the web browsers and modify settings associated with their homepage, default search engine and new tab URL.
- Further it inserts various kind of irrelevant ads and pop ups which causes troubles in web surfing to them.
- Moreover it encrypts the files and makes them inaccessible for users.
- Later users are asked to pay ransom amount in Bitcoins to have the decryption key.
Conclusion for Backdoor.Plaintee
Backdoor.Plaintee should be removed Possible Steps For from System as it may turn user's System completely worthless. Users are advised to have the immediate initiative for its Removal by following the given removal methods given in this content.
Scan System to Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee
- Method 1 : Reboot System in Safe Mode with Networking For Backdoor.Plaintee Removal
- Method 2 : Solution To Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee From Control Panel
- Method 3 : Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee From Windows Task Manager
- Method 4 : Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee Related Malicious Registry Entries
- Method 5 : Solution To Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee From Your Infected Browser
Method 1 : Reboot System in Safe Mode with Networking For Backdoor.Plaintee Removal
Solution To Start Windows XP/Vista/7 in Safe Mode with Networking
- Restart System in Safe Mode by continuously pressing F8 button.
- An Advanced option menu will appear in your screen
- After that, select "Safe Mode with Networking".
Solution To Start Windows 8/10 in Safe Mode with Networking
- Open PC and go to Settings option
- Choose Troubleshoot option
- Now, go to Advanced options
- Select Startup Settings
- Choose Restart option.
- At last, select 5) Enable Safe Mode with Networking.
Method 2 : Solution To Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee from Control Panel
Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee From Window 10
- Click and Open Start Menu option
- Settings option is to be selected on the menu to show all the contents
- Click on System option
- On the system Menu, Click on Apps and features option
- Now Click on Backdoor.Plaintee to Uninstall it from System.
Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee From Window 8/8.1
- Go to Start and then click to open Control Panel.
- After that, click Add/Remove Program
- Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee associated programs from Windows 8/8.1
Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee From Window 7/vista
Now go to the desktop, click on Start Menu on the left lower corner. Move to Control panel and use left mouse click over it.
The Control panel window will open, if are getting the view by Category find and click "Uninstall a program" below "Programs" group.
Now select Backdoor.Plaintee within programs list and click on Uninstall.
Method 3 : Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee From Windows Task Manager
- First of all close all running programs and open Task manager by pressing ALT + CTRL + DEL keys on your keyboard simultaneously.
- Now Click on Processes menu and select all the processes associated with Backdoor.Plaintee one by one then click on End Task.
Click to Download Backdoor.Plaintee Scanner
Method 4 : Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee Related Malicious Registry Entries
- Open Run dialog box by pressing "Win+R" keys together.
- Enter "regedit" to open Windows Registry.
- Search and then Uninstall all the corrupt and infectious registries added by Backdoor.Plaintee.
Method 5 : Solution To Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee From Your Infected Browser
A. Solution To Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee From Microsoft Edge Browser
Solution To Reset Default Search Engine to Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee
- Select Settings after selecting More (…) on the address bar
- Click and select on View advanced settings option
- In order to input the search engine, Click on <Add new> under option"Search in the address bar with"
- Select Search engine and adds as default by clicking on Add as default option.
Solution To Reset Default Homepage on Microsoft Edge to Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee
- Select More (…) option on the address bar followed by settings
- Select specific page or pages under Open with option
- After selecting the Custom option, enter the URL of the homepage you wish to set as
B. Solution To Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee from Chrome 49.0.2623
- Click to Open Chrome 49.0.2623 and then click on menu icon which is on the top right corner and then select Tools → Extensions
- Select all the malicious extensions including Backdoor.Plaintee and then select trash icon
- Again click on menu icon and select Settings and then click to Manage Search Engines under the Search section
- In Search Engines, Uninstall all the infectious search sites and set Google Chrome as Default Browser
C. Solution To Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee From Mozilla Firefox:38.2.1
- Launch Mozilla Firefox:38.2.1 and find and click "Firefox" button on the top left corner on the screen.
- A drop down box will appear, navigate to Add-ons option and click on it.
- In the next window select and click on "Extensions" in left pane.
- Find Backdoor.Plaintee add-on and click on the center area to see the border exactly and click on Disable button.
Wait a moment and let the add-on get disabled.
- Now click the "Remove" button, later on uninstall the add-on Mozilla will ask you to restart the browser.
D. Solution To Uninstall Backdoor.Plaintee From Internet Explorer 8-8.00.7600.16385
- First of all Launch Internet Explorer 8-8.00.7600.16385 by clicking the Task-bar Icon on desktop.
- Now Click on Tool Menu on web browser interface.
- Select and click on Manage add-ons in the drop down box.
- A View and manage your Internet Explorer 8-8.00.7600.16385 Add-ons window will open, now click on "Toolbar and Extensions" option in left pane.
- A list of all installed ad-ons will appear, select Backdoor.Plaintee and click on "Disable" button and Reset IE


text:
A new model Master's
Students torn between the worlds of business and physics may soon have fresh options thanks to a novel hybrid course gaining popularity in the US.
Margaret Harris examines the rise of the professional science Master's degree
Suppose you have just finished your undergraduate degree in physics. You would like to go into industry – perhaps even found your own technology start-up – but unfortunately you have no formal business training. Alternatively, maybe you already work in a physics-related industry and now you would like to move into management – but again, you lack appropriate business experience. What do you do?
Traditionally, graduates who sought a career combining business and science had to choose between an MBA rock and a science Master's (or PhD) hard place. Within the past 15 years, however, a new option has emerged that aims to combine some aspects of a both degrees. Known as the professional science Master's (PSM), this hybrid degree is designed to give would-be scientific managers and laboratory administrators the skills they need to make their mark in hi-tech industry.
To this end, students on a PSM course typically take graduate-level courses in both business and a scientific field. Often, they are taught alongside students specializing in just one of the areas, although some institutions have separate courses or modules specifically tailored to the PSM. In many cases, students also complete an internship or thesis project with a particular company – potentially leading to a permanent job in the same firm once they graduate.
"Companies love our students because they can 'speak' science, business and innovation," says Ed Caner, director of the Physics Entrepreneurship Program (PEP) at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio, US, which has offered PSM courses since 2000. "We're training jacks of all trades, people who can write a computer program one day and present a business plan to investors the next."
A growing trend...
The PSM movement began in 1997 with a handful of programmes at a few US universities, supported by grants from the Sloan Foundation. Since then, the idea has spread rapidly: as of last month, there were 197 different PSM courses available from 96 affiliated institutions, including two outside the US. Many of the earliest PSM programmes were geared towards the fledgling biotechnology industry, but this focus has widened and there are now almost 20 programmes in physics, including sub-specialities such as health physics and nanoscience.
Although the idea began at high-profile research universities like Rice University in Texas and the Illinois Institute of Technology, some of the most enthusiastic new players in the PSM field are institutions that have long focused on Master's-level education. A case in point is the University of Northern Iowa (UNI), which began offering a PSM in applied physics in 2006 after a two-year consultation period in which regional businesses helped develop the curriculum. The programme has been a real boon to students, director Cliff Chancey told Physics World, noting that one graduate with four children to support even saw his starting salary double, to $62,000, after completing the degree.
The university has also benefited, Chancey says. High tuition fees and low operating costs mean that the programme runs at a profit – a sentiment echoed by directors at other institutions. Other, less-tangible, rewards include closer ties with local businesses and a raised profile within state government, which in UNI's case provides 45% of the university's funding. "The state likes hi-tech, high-skills employees, and at a time of budget cuts it's very valuable to show that we're providing them," says Chancey.
Not every PSM programme has been so lucky, though. Budget cuts eliminated all but two such courses at the University of Arizona, says Chris Watchman, who leads the programme in medical physics. He attributes his course's survival to robust demand from students, who benefit from learning how to manage budgets and personnel in a clinical setting. "I wish I'd known these things when I was starting out as a researcher," he says. Students in the Arizona programme also get hands-on experience in the university's hospitals. Watchman spoke to Physics World at 6.30 a.m. local time, when he was on his way to the operating room with a student.
...but will it catch on elsewhere?
The US is not the only country with tightening budgets and a need for employees who understand both business and science. So could the PSM phenomenon spread to universities in Europe? Although some institutions already offer hybrid master's courses with a business component (the University of Cambridge, for example, awards an MPhil in "bioscience enterprise"), so far the only university in Europe formally affiliated with the PSM movement is the UK's Open University (OU), which caters to part-time and non-traditional students. It accepted its first two PSM students in February 2010. Other universities may be adopting a "wait and see" attitude before deciding whether to follow its example, says the OU's programme director Hazel Rymer.
One possible pitfall for European universities wishing to adopt PSM-type degrees is the need to comply with the Bologna process, which aims to create a common degree structure across 46 European nations. Under the terms of the Bologna process, a student must earn 90–120 "credit points" to qualify for a Master's degree, usually over the course of two years' study. Although the OU's PSM programme – which grants students 180 credit points for 2–3 years' part-time study – is fully Bologna-compliant, Rymer says that compliance could be an issue for more traditional universities.
Another potential issue is that while Rymer notes that the OU has received "plenty" of positive feedback from employers interested in the PSM, some in the business world have expressed reservations about its usefulness. "I can see you might find a situation where, say, a biotechnology start-up is fairly short on finance and business know-how, and the 'scientists' there might see the need for someone to 'lead' them," says Cliff Bowman, a professor of strategy at the UK's Cranfield School of Management. "But normally, my view would be that if you want to lead scientists, the best way is to be a good scientist yourself."
Caner acknowledges that input from business experts is crucial to the success of PSM programmes. Many have started and failed, he says, in part because of poor coordination between science and business departments. Relationships with local employers are also important, adds Dagmar Beck, director of Rice University's nanoscale-physics PSM. When the Rice programme began in 2002, the nanotechnology industry was still very new, and faculty members initially struggled to find companies willing to participate in the internship component of the degree.
Reaping the benefits
Evidence from the US, however, suggests that once PSM programmes take off, they prove popular with both students and companies. In August 2009 a survey conducted by the US National Professional Science Master's Association found that PSM alumni were in high demand with employers. Almost one-fifth of the 281 graduates surveyed said they received starting salaries of $90,000 or more, with a median of $60,000–65,000 per year. Graduates with only a bachelor's degree in physics, in comparison, earn about a fifth less, according to the American Institute of Physics' 2009 salary survey.
And in a tight job market, the internship component of many PSM courses can also give students a valuable "foot in the door". For example, Bret Halbe, a 2010 graduate of the nanoscale-physics PSM at Rice, credits his internship at a local company, Nano_Ridge, with helping him secure his current job as an application engineer at KLA Tencor in San Jose, California.
For students wondering whether a PSM is for them, however, the main thing to consider is where they see their careers heading. "Some people don't want to just put on a suit and become a business person," says Caner. "The great thing with [a PSM] is that you can learn business and not give up the science."
About the author
Margaret Harris is reviews and careers editor of Physics World
This article originally appeared in the June 2010 issue of Physics World.
last edited: June 27, 2018


text:
Goals of Intercultural Study
Goals of Intercultural Engagement
Earning the Certificate in Intercultural Engagement will help you attain the following goals:
- Have empathy for the values and perspectives of other cultures
- Experience or have a desire to experience another culture
- Be able to analyze the accuracy and relevancy of your own world view and anticipate how people from other nations view Americans and America's impact on the world
- Be able to function effectively and ethically in other societies
- Seek out and interact with the richness of diversity within all of humanity—learning and applying strategies used in other cultures to improve your own life and community
- Be able to identify with a variety of individuals and situations despite superficial differences of culture and conventions. *
How Intercultural Engagement Supports Duquesne University's Mission
Cross-cultural and intercultural concerns lie at the heart of Duquesne's educational mission.
The founders of Duquesne University, a Catholic university in the Spiritan tradition, came to serve the immigrants of Pittsburgh, the people on the margins of the dominant culture of the time. A spirit of hospitality to the Other and to others, an ecumenical atmosphere open to diversity, and dedication to service, especially to the poor and marginalized, are hallmarks of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit and imbue the University's mission.
Concern for understanding world cultures is articulated explicitly as part of Duquesne's mission under the section "World Concerns:" "Duquesne strives to cultivate in its students the understanding that their destiny is related to that of their community, their nation, and their world.. . . . Duquesne supports academic programs concerned both with the preservation of cultural traditions and with the contemporary realities of global needs and international responsibilities for peace, justice, and freedom."
The Duquesne University Undergraduate Catalog states explicitly our commitment to "an educational environment which recognizes cultural and national pluralism. . . . Duquesne University asserts its commitment to develop and to maintain programs . . . which promote and respect diverse cultures and backgrounds. . . ." (2002-03, pp. 1-2)
Within this educational and religious context, the proposed Certificate in Intercultural Engagement reflects faithfully the mission of Duquesne University.
*(Adapted from Gray, Kimberly S., Gwendlyn K. Murdock and Chad D. Stebbins, "Assessing Study Abroad's Effect on an International Mission," Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 34, Number 3 (May/June 2002), 45-51)


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Waitsfield School Board member Todd White told community members and parents that it's not whether the school goes to full-day kindergarten, it's when, at the December 20 school board meeting.
Currently Waitsfield Elementary School (WES) offers half-day kindergarten for students with the choice of attending the morning or afternoon session.
At the December meeting, WES Principal Kaiya Korb reviewed budget options with respect to kindergarten and fund balance management. WES carried a $71K fund balance from 2010-2011; she noted that the equalized pupils number is down, resulting in less revenue to the school and also impacting taxes.
The early childhood education committee previously recommended full-time kindergarten for a variety of reasons including capacity to provide a variety and depth of learning experiences in the school day, continuity of experiences and instruction for children and early intervention opportunities.
Community members present expressed opinions on both pros and cons of a full-time kindergarten program. Christine Sullivan noted that the class size would impact the quality of the program. Korb said, "While there isn't a magic number, 19 students is a high number in the primary grades and has merited additional adult support in the classroom. We are not anticipating numbers this high in the future."
Korb said that the school received $30,000 from the JOBS bill that provides one-time revenue that will help offset expenses for next year. Board member Todd White reiterated, "The consensus from the board was that going to full time is the right thing to do and the decision to be made is simply when, this year or next."
Korb said that a longer day would mean additional opportunities for science and exploratory group and project work, as well as a lessening of the rigor/speed in the day experienced in a half-day program.
Board members discussed the fact that not all families have the resources to be able to carefully structure the afternoons for children.
Helen Kellogg inquired as to how to address the budget percent increase spike created if the full fund balance is moved back into the budget. The group discussed the benefit of using one-time revenues this year for the cost of the capital improvement plan.
Board member Eve Frankel recommended waiting on the full-time kindergarten program until there is more community and parental support, as well as to give staff the time to plan for and build the program.
School board member Helen Kellogg spoke to the need to provide full-day coverage for those not able to invest in the private enrichment programs and that the full day will create more breathing room for play and balance in the curricular planning.
White supported the full-day scenario and said that after school can be addressed to meet the needs of a likely larger kindergarten population. He also spoke in support of using the resources to maintain the facility. School board member Rob Williams suggested the board wait a year on full-day kindergarten and moving only half of the fund balance to the capital improvement fund.
Korb cautioned that if the decision was a matter of funding, this year presents an opportunity to move to full-day kindergarten with an impact of a less than 1 percent increase.
Rough estimates show that even with reducing a staff person in the following year, the board may not be able to achieve a budget reduction matching what is in place this year.
Kellogg made a motion to pass a budget of $2,169,090, which includes giving back 50 percent of the fund balance to the town and includes full-day kindergarten, recognizing that the dollar amount may change with the finalization of the WWSU budget. White seconded and the motion was unanimously approved.


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This shouldn't come as a surprise to anyone who understands cameras and megapixels and storage space but it could be a good excuse to not get suckered by the megapixel wars in buying a camera. The more pixels, the more space it takes. A thousand images taken on the 36 megapixeled Nikon D800 takes up 47 gigs. A thousand images on the reasonable 12 megapixel Nikon D3s? Only 15 gigs.
Duh. Three times the megapixels, three times the storage space. Makes total sense, don't it? But do we really need all those pixels? If you're taking vacation pictures that just get stored on your laptop? Probably not. If you bought a DSLR because you have a kid now and that's what people with kids do? Probably not. If you thought buying an 'spensive camera because you want better Instagram pictures? Probably not. Which means you're paying needless money on something that takes up needless space! So be wary the next time you get suckered into the peenwhipping measurement of megapixels, you're gonna have to pay for it in storage. [Scott Kelby via PetaPixel]


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In the late 1930s and early 1940s, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) undertook a survey of church and synagogue archives as part of the Historical Records Survey (HRS). In Florida, the WPA surveyed 5,500 churches and synagogues, and generated 20,000 pages of documentation on archival records held by these institutions. The entire WPA Church Records Collection is digitized and available on the Florida Memory website. This post highlights two Jacksonville churches included in the WPA's Church Archives Inventory (CAI).
The surveys for the First Baptist and Bethel Baptist Institutional churches in Jacksonville serve as examples that illustrate the value of the Church Archives Inventory (CAI) for researchers. One of the oldest churches in the Jacksonville area, First Baptist was founded in 1838 as Bethel Baptist Church. The six charter members included Reverend James McDonald, Elias Jaudon, their wives, and two African-American slaves, referred to in an interview accompanying the survey as Peggy and Bacchus. In the beginning, Bethel Baptist had a biracial congregation, relatively common for antebellum Baptist churches. By the time of the Civil War in 1861, Bethel Baptist counted "forty white members and two hundred fifty colored members." During the war, the church, at that time located on West Street, served as a military hospital. Following the battle of Olustee in February 1864, federal troops brought the wounded to the church for treatment.
The Civil War left the church in a "deplorable condition." According to Church Secretary Mrs. J. M. Aldridge, "the window panes [were] broken out, the plaster off the walls, and filth and dirt everywhere." The Civil War also divided the congregation. African-Americans formed the Bethel Baptist Institutional Church, while white members established Tabernacle Baptist Church. The 1901 fire in downtown Jacksonville destroyed much of First Baptist Church (changed from Tabernacle Baptist in 1892). Church members quickly raised $16,000 to rebuild and completed construction on a new building in 1904. The church still occupied the rebuilt structure when survey workers arrived in the late 1930s. Property owned by the church at the time of the CAI survey included a pipe organ valued at $35,000.
The African-American Bethel Baptist Institutional Church of Jacksonville held equally impressive property. The field worker who completed the survey of Bethel Baptist Institutional noted that the church building was "[e]laborately constructed…of Renaissance and Mission type," containing "70 art glass windows." "The Deacons," the survey explained, "receive their communion from individual silver glasses especially reserved for them." The file for Bethel Baptist Institutional in Jacksonville also contains a church flier of the building and the pastor at the time, Reverend J. E. Ford. Despite being torn apart by segregation and the racial tensions that characterized the Jim Crow South, both First Baptist and Bethel Baptist Institutional attained landmark status as historic churches in the Jacksonville community.
The surveys for the First Baptist and Bethel Baptist Institutional churches in Jacksonville are just two of thousands of similar documents included in the WPA's Church Archives Inventory (CAI) files for Florida. Emerging from these seemingly mundane surveys, intended by the WPA to be collected in an assembly line fashion, are rich glimpses into the history of Florida communities and their places of worship. By digitizing the Florida CAI, the State Library and Archives of Florida hopes to facilitate public access to these valuable historical resources and further the study of Florida history.
Tags: Jacksonville, WPA Church Records


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Totally new to the world of quant finance, so perhaps this is an odd question...
Does there exist an American equivalent to the German style "knock out zertifkate"? (The name might be slightly wrong.)
Not even exactly sure what they are, but from what I did learn about their behavior, the nearest thing I could find on Wikipedia was: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbo_warrant
If there is not an american equivalent, does anybody know where to get English language details and pricing history/data?
Thank you


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Search results
2019 Pilot Workshop- Taking Flight with Citizen Science
Flight with Citizen Science" was a pilot workshop series developed in 2019 for Ohio Certified Volunteer ... in SENR), Matthew Shumar (Program Coordinator for the Ohio Bird Conservation Initiative), and Denise ... Ellsworth (Program Coordinator for Ohio State Entomology Extension). Applications such ...
Manna Pro 4-H Photo Contest
until April 30 to help bring 4‑H programs to more youth across the country and Inspire all Kids To Do. For ... more details and official contest rules check out a page from their website. ...
Rocky Mountain Career Adventure
support: Ohio 4-H Youth Development, Knox County Cattlemen's, and the Mildred and Harold Hart Endowment. ... more about careers they may not have previously envisioned. Taylor Rush, a 4-H member from Morrow ... they talked to us like people who were going to achieve something one day." At Cactus Hill Ranch, which ...
Solar Leasing 101
Join OSU Extension Specialists Peggy Kirk Hall and Eric Romich for an informational program about ... leasing farmland for utility-scale solar production. Topics include solar development trends, converting ...
Ohio State Fair 4-H Avian Bowl Contest
Columbus. Each county may enter two junior and two senior teams. Youth must be 4-H members but do not need ... Avian Bowl will be held Saturday, July 11, at the Nationwide & Ohio Farm Bureau 4-H Center, ... to be enrolled in a 4-H Poultry project to be on an Avian Bowl team. Cross-county teams are permitted ...
Calendar of Events
County 4-H program. There will be door prizes and one eligible youth will be selected for a trip to 4-H ... Ohio 4-H program. Contact Crystal Ott (email@example.com) with questions. You can find more details here. ... Trumbull County 4-H program at their Moonlight Bowling Fundraiser. Cost is $30 per couple and includes ...
Sew Fun Saturday
will go home with a small bag or a small pillow. You may bring your own sewing machine or reserve one ...
Ohio State Fair 4-H Rabbit Quiz Bowl
(2) senior teams of four (4) or five (5) contestants. One team member will be designated as the ... alternate if five contestants are entered. The team may be selected by any procedure the county deems ... county to form a cross-county team. Teams with five (5) members MUST designate one of those members as an ...
Science Saturday
everything from the cacao bean to candy bar with Dr. Mary Kay Pohlschneider from the Ohio State University ...
Faces of Ohio 4-H
Each month we highlight an Ohio 4-H alum. They have amazing stories to share, from their personal ... experience in 4-H to how they have given back to the program. This month we feature Joel Oney, 4-H alumnus ... from Huron County. He is a member of the Ohio 4-H Foundation Board and currently lives in Franklin ...


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A nationwide manhunt is under way for a Virginia man who police want to question in connection with the deaths of four members of a family, including a 2-year-old boy.
The U.S. Marshals Service and Petersburg Police are searching for Alexander Roosevelt Hill Jr., 47. They say Hill, known as "Real Deal," is considered armed and dangerous and is known to carry a 9mm handgun.
Last Saturday morning, police and firefighters in Petersburg responded to a house fire at the home of Hill's former girlfriend, Vivian Chavis, authorities said. They found the bodies of four of Chavis' family members. Chavis was not home at the time.
Court records indicate at least two of the bodies had puncture wounds.
Chavis had recently sought a protective order against Hill, according to Kevin Connolly, who supervises the U.S. Marshals Service's Richmond-area Fugitive Task Force. Hill also is being sought for allegedly violating that order.
Hill had been scheduled to stand trial last Wednesday for allegedly making a threatening phone call to Chavis, but he did not show up and an arrest warrant was issued, said Connolly.
A $5,000 reward has been offered for information leading to Hill's arrest.
Anyone with information about Hill's whereabouts can call the U.S. Marshals Service anonymously at 1-877-WANTED2.


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A few weeks ago I, along with two friends of mine, Timotei (which you might remember from Shade) and his brother Sami took part in one of the few game jams organized in Romania. To be more specific, it was an Ubisoft (photos here) game jam which happened in Bucharest. This was actually my first jam (the kind where I go somewhere and work with other people on something), so it was quite exciting. We had 27 hours to make a game based on the theme "Embrace the random", so we came up with a 2-player tug of war game.
Whisp showdown
As I've mentioned before, the game is basically a tug of war between two whisps. The whisps fight over an offering which they have to deliver to their respective gods (à la Nidhogg). The twist is that each whisp gets 3 random powerups, but they don't know what they are, so every time you use one anything can happen.
whisps.zip (6.5 mb)
As a whisp, get the offering to your god. The blue whisp goes right and the red whisp goes left. If you hold the offering too long without moving to another screen, you'll drop it and won't be able to pick it up for a while.
Attention! The game is played with a keyboard and a gamepad (an X-Box 360 controller for Windows)
Player 1 (keyboard):
Move: Left / Right
Jump: Z
Use powerup: X
Player 2 (gamepad):
Move: Left thumbstick
Jump: A
Use powerup: X
If you have problems getting the game to run I'd suggest installing the newest XNA 4.0 redistributable and making sure you have .net framework 4 installed.
Game design, code & art made by Alin Baciu, Timotei Dolean & Samuel Dolean
The Dongas Tribe (and friends) – Farewell to Erin (https://archive.org/details/rainy_night_in_the_bell_tent)
Explosion animation:
Explosion generator 3


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Bristol - 0117 2140369
Clevedon - 01275 277369
Weston - 01934 235007
These forms are either online forms or PDFs. The online forms can be viewed in your browser. To view the PDF forms you need Adobe Acrobat Reader (or an equivalent PDF reader) installed on your PC.
Details of the Spring Statement. Our summary focuses on the issues likely to affect you.
Read more
Details of the Autumn Budget 2018. Our summary focuses on the key issues.


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Real Steel is about a not so distant future Earth where normal boxing with humans has been put aside for a different version of boxing with robots.
Each Robot has a master that controls it with various methods (joysticks, voice activated, shadowing, etc...) and each engineer tries to create an artificial Intelligence that is better than the next guys.
Hugh Jackman plays a down on his luck ex-boxer with the Robot game in his blood. He takes too many chances at the wrong time without thinking things through and loses everything.
One day he's told that his estranged 11 yr old son has lost his mother and Hugh has to decide what he wants to do.
The two go on the road to do the Robot Boxing thing and the adventure begins there. Outstanding family film, good action, lots of neat Robots... It's a great, cute, feel good film that the whole family will love.
[review title="Pros and Cons" pros="Cute Family Film, Good Action, Original Storyline, Robots " cons="Predictable, Kevin Durand a.k.a. Ricky didn't get the snot beat out of him on screen" score=85 verdict="This is a great film to bring your kids to, my kids are all grown up but I was chomping at the bit to see it, I love Robots. Even though it was predictable I enjoyed the movie, and I really liked how well Hugh Jackman and Dakota Goyo worked together."]


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It's happened again. A scam aimed at duping social network users into handing over their passwords -- and then infecting computers with a virus capable of stealing user names and passwords to more valuable accounts -- has suckered in thousands of Facebook users.
Thousands of passwords have already been stolen after Facebook users fell for an email that prompted them to change their passwords, Wtheb security company McAfee said. The email comes with the subject line "Facebook Password Reset Confirmation! Customer Support" and urges users to follow a link or open an attachment to reset their password.
McAfee has a simple message: Don't do it.
The company issued a warning about the scam Wednesday:
McAfee is warning consumers about a new threat spreading on Facebook in its second Consumer Threat Alert. This password stealing virus has been seen before and is back in the form of an e-mail from Facebook.com alerting you that your password needs to be reset. McAfee has been tracking this rise for the past 48 hours and predicts it will continue to affect the over 400 million users on the popular social network.
The poor souls who fall for this all-too-common but very effective scam will be hit hard. Once the hackers have the secret combination, they can also get to other password-protected information.
"Once installed, the password stealer can potentially access any username and password combination on that computer, from your bank details to your email log-ins," said Dave Marcus, security expert for McAfee.
People all over the world have already fallen for the scam.


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Pena wary of concussion risks
ANAHEIM -- Brayan Pena looked like he was waiting for a reporter to ask him how many home-plate collisions he has had.
"Let me tell you this," he said Friday afternoon, flipping through the photo gallery on his mobile phone.
One photo shows him reeling from a forearm blow by the Rays' Carlos Pena on June 26 last season, while he was with Kansas City. Another shows a Mariners player, not Justin Smoak, trying to bowl him over. Then there's another photo of the collision with Pena. He has had more plays like that than he can count between the big leagues and his time in the Minors.
"Every time that I have the opportunity to go and Google it, I save it," Pena said.
He wants to be able show his kids what their father went through during his career. He doesn't have a photo yet of Wednesday's hit from Seattle's Justin Smoak, but he plans on finding one.
He takes pride in the hits he has taken, and he considers them part of his job. But if Major League Baseball asked him about a rules change to limit or eliminate collisions at the plate, he'd be in favor of it.
"If we can avoid that, it would be great -- not just for us as catchers. It would be great for our families," Pena said. "Watching all these NFL concussions, you see these guys and they wear completely protective helmets. We only have the masks. And these guys have got shoulder pads. They're way stronger than we are, and you can tell how difficult it is for them to recover from those concussions.
"So imagine us. We have to stand there and we have to take the hit when the guy's coming at full speed -- a 200-pound, 230-pound guy coming at you, and you have to stay there and take the hit. So I think for the health issue, it would be great. But at the same time, I feel like it's part of the game. It's part of the game that I chose. It's part of the position that I chose to play."
Pena went onto the disabled list with post-concussion symptoms after a collision six years ago while he was with the Atlanta Braves. He didn't have any long-term effects from it, he said, but it led him to do some research. Most of the data he uncovered involved football, but in baseball, he had the example of current Cardinals manager Mike Matheny, whose symptoms from repeated concussions as a catcher helped force him out of the game, and Twins first baseman Justin Morneau, who missed more than a year dealing with post-concussion symptoms following a slide into Blue Jays second baseman John McDonald's knee while trying to break up a double play.
"Now lately, there's been a lot about guys getting hit in the head, guys colliding like Justin Morneau," Pena said. "A lot of information has come out lately through the news, ESPN and places that you read. And you inform yourself a little bit more about what's happening."
Pena said he did feel some dizziness after Wednesday's collision. The first thing he remembers after the play was Joaquin Benoit standing over him, asking him if he was OK. But he didn't have any lingering headaches, and he was able to sleep that night without any trouble.
He doesn't want the risk of another concussion to change the way he plays the game. And Wednesday's play strongly suggests he hasn't.
"Those guys out there, they would do the same for me, so I cannot think about it," he said. "That's why that day I took the hit and held onto the baseball. Those guys, they deserved the win. For me to take that hit every single day to win the game, I would do it."
If Major League Baseball wanted to limit the risks, though, he would love it. It's something Tigers manager Jim Leyland, who serves on MLB's Special Committee for On-Field Matters, said they're considering.
"As a baseball fan, you don't want to change the game that much," Pena said. "But if you look at it from a family's standpoint, you want to see your boys grow up. At the end of your career, if you can say, 'I retired because it was time for me to go,' not because concussions forced me to go."


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Full inlay | Narrow to Wide*
Meet TAMBO, a kick designed for work, light exercise AND leisure!
TAMBO provides the support and cushioning you know from a FRANKiE4, re-engineered into a luxe, sporty shoe. This shoe delivers to you a simplistic, feminine design with additional benefits you will love! Slip-resistant sole, fashionable midfoot, functional saddle, plus FRANKiE4's CUSTOM CONTROL assembly. TAMBO is your new go-to shoe for light to moderate exercise. Suitable for your morning power walks, to a light jog.
*A Fit Pack is also included containing a full-length footbed, half-length footbed, and forefoot cushions to achieve a perfect fit.
This chart is meant as a guide only, and is by no means definitive. Sizing can vary across styles and brands, and if you have any queries regarding the fit please do not hesitate to contact us. Click here for Birkenstock size chart.
|Length (CM)
|4 - 4.5
|20.8 - 21.3
|5 - 5.5
|21.6 - 22.2
|6 - 6.5
|22.5 - 23
|7 - 7.5
|23.5 - 23.8
|8 - 8.5
|24.1 - 24.6
|9 - 9.5
|25.1 - 25.4
|10 - 10.5
|25.9 - 26.2
|11 - 11.5
|26.7 - 27.1
Have you bought the brand before?
Sizes can vary by style, but generally sizing tends to be standard across brands.
What is the material?
Leather tends to stretch more than synthetics or fabric and will usually stretch to mould to your foot (mostly in the width, less in the length).
Read the product description
Certain brands are known for running a size larger or smaller and we do our best to advise you of sizing variances where we can.
FREE Delivery Australia Wide over $150
We offer free shipping Australia Wide on orders over $150AUD. Express Shipping and orders under $150AUD are charged accordingly to Australia Post's shipping rates. For more information visit our shipping page.
We're happy to offer an online credit note, exchange or refund for most footwear bought via our online store or Townsville store, within 14 days of receiving the order, provided they are in an as-new condition. Customers will be responsible for shipping costs for any returns.
Sale Items - Please choose carefully as we do not refund sale items.
Please refer to our Returns Policy for more information.
Check out the latest summer arrivals that tick the boxes for comfort and style.
Book yourself in for a Plantar Fascia Massage, Pedicure or Feet Retreat Package at our in-store Foot Spa. We also offer Reflexology, Body Massage, Waxing and Beauty services.


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Watch the launch live
Watch the launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour STS-134 mission, with a crew of six including ESA astronaut Roberto Vittori, to the International Space Station on 29 April. Liftoff is scheduled for 21:47 CEST (19:47 GMT) and streaming begins one hour before.
Docking with the ISS is due two days later, on 1 May. During this two-week mission, STS-134 will deliver an instrument designed to track elusive antimatter and 'dark matter' in the Universe - the AMS-02 alpha magnetic spectrometer.


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In response to my last post "What's a Professional Researcher to Do without Expert Connect?", Stephanie Hoover wrote a very thought provoking comment.You know I like those kinds the best! You can use the link above to see her full comment.
She addressed two important issues that impact genealogists - Marketing and Building a Successful Business.
I'm going to address Marketing here and Buildling a Successful Business later.
Do you think marketing is important to genealogists who are building their business? If so, what kind of marketing do you do yourself? What activities do you see as marketing?
Marketing is a broad category for all these activities:
Maintaining a website
Social Networking
Advertising - Print
Advertising - web-based
Direct Print Marketing - sending letters, postcards, etc
Direct Email Marketing - sending marketing emails (think Constant Contact)
Newsletters (for a business)
Podcasts (for a business)
Videos (for a business)
Television/Radio commercials
Commercial sponsorships
Writing Articles and Speaking engagements can also be seen as a form of advertising
Did I leave anything out? What do you think is important and what's not?
I look forward to hearing your responses and I'll share my own thoughts and opinions later.


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NBA 2K13 Simulation: The 2012-13 Denver Nuggets season
The Denver Nuggets' newly acquired guard Andre Iguodala will be an all-star this year and the Chicago Bulls will win the NBA championship, according to a simulation of the 2012-13 season in NBA 2K13.
Turning off injuries and trades, and keeping as close to the current rosters as I could, I simulated the season to see how the Denver Nuggets will do this year.
Check out the season below.


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Browsing Working Papers (IOA) by Title
Now showing items 1-20 of 79Next Page
en sociologi om kendsgerninger, karakker og kammuslingerElgaard Jensen, Torben (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Lad os forestille os, at man som studerende eller forsker nærmer sig en ny teori. Man har nu både hårdt arbejde og en række forvirrende episoder foran sig. Indledningsvis vil man typisk møde den nye teori som en lukket kasse. Man er selv placeret udenfor, men man kan konstatere eller få fortalt, at kassen gør bestemte ting. For eksempel kan man få at vide, at kassen/teorien tager bestemte typer af data ind og sender bestemte typer af forklaringer ud. I et optimistisk øjeblik tænker man måske, at det er relativt entydigt, hvad teorien handler om. Men denne fornemmelse af klarhed varer kun kort. Når man kommer lidt tættere på, opdager man at teorien ikke er én ting, men flere. Der er flere områder, flere væsentlige forfattere og flere varianter af teorien. Dertil kommer, at teorien er karakteriseret ved bestemte relationer: Nogle områder, forfattere og varianter hænger tydeligvis tæt sammen, mens andre har mindre med hinanden at gøre. Det kræver hårdt arbejde at få overblik over disse relationer, men det kan lade sig gøre. Man begynder at sætte pris på review-artikler, og man må i gang med at læse de nøgletekster, som mange refererer til. Efter en ihærdig indsats kan man langsomt vinde klarheden tilbage. Man synes, man er ved at have greb om teorien. Man får måske endda fornemmelsen af at have den i sin hule hånd. Men præcis på dette tidspunkt begynder tingene at glide igen. Man opdager til sin overraskelse - og måske rædsel - at teorien faktisk ikke ligner en lukket kasse. Teorien er i vid udstrækning bygget på et udvalg af ældre teorier, som til lejligheden er blevet fortolket og anvendt på en særlig måde. Desuden er teorien er udviklet i samspil og konflikt med en række samtidige teorier. Teorien har således en livlig og betydningsfuld udenrigspolitik, som man helt har overset fordi man havde travlt med at orientere sig i indenrigspolitikken. De to former for politik kan som bekendt ikke skilles ad, så nu åbner der sig igen en ny horisont: Hvis man skal finde ud af, hvad teorien er, må man opspore dens forbindelser til et sæt af forudgående og samtidige teorier. Hvordan kan man beskrive et fænomen, der i visse øjeblikke ligner en lukket kasse, men som ved nærmere eftersyn består af et uafgrænseligt virvar af elementer og relationer? Dette er i al sin enkelthed og i al sin kompleksitet, hvad aktør-netværksteori (ANT) beskæftiger sig med. ANT er en teori om teorier. Men ANT er også en teori om teknologi, videnskab, sociale aktører, samfund, natur og magt. Alle disse fænomener analyseres med den samme begrebsramme, nemlig den som er antydet i indledningen. Som en første approksimation kan vi sige, at aktørnetværksteori drejer sig om at tænke i punkter og forbindelser fremfor i kasser. I det følgende vil jeg introducere aktørnetværksteori på fra flere forskellige vinkler. Først vil jeg optegne nogle vigtige relationer til andre teoretiske traditioner (udenrigspolitikken) og de væsentligste dele af ANT (indenrigspolitikken). Herefter vil jeg indkredse den særlige analysestrategi som ANT står for. Hvordan analyserer man aktør-netværk? Hvad er de vigtigste analytiske redskaber og fremgangsmåder? og hvad betyder det, at tænke på denne måde? I kapitlets anden del vil jeg gennemgå et antal klassiske ANT-analyser. Formålet med denne gennemgang er dels at give et indtryk af ANTs empiriske og teoretiske bidrag, dels at vise analysestrategien i praksis. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6689
Files in this item: 1papers in organization, no. 48, 2003.pdf (241.4Kb)
Boutaiba, Sami; Bramming, Pia (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6674
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Caught in-between organizational fieldsDarmer, Per (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6729
Files in this item: 1working paper 2003 no.27.pdf (233.6Kb)
Bramming, Pia (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This article is about how a constructivist observation of development within Human Resource Management (HRM) opens the possibility for communicating about development in the language of possibility, seen in contrast to a language of deficiency. HRM is discussed as a paradoxical development concept, where the paradoxical consists in that when one focuses upon a proactive development ideal from a linear development understanding, one develops regressively, directly counter to one's intentions. In this article two observation dimensions are developed, as well as two dimensions of how to cope with development on the background of the constructivist observation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6708
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an introductionRocha, Robson (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper has two distinct aims. First, I would like to present and discuss the national business systems (NBS) framework ( Whitley, 1992,1992a,1996,1997). NBS framework concerns how national variations in economic co-ordination and control systems facilitate and constrain organisational change. The NBS is not widely known in the Latin America countries, and this paper intends to shortly present it The second aim is to question, based on the NBS approach, some of the assumptions about the diffusion of a new universal template for organising work (Lean Production) and its agent, the multinational corporation. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6667
Files in this item: 1wp 32.pdf (366.7Kb)
Bramming, Pia (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: The article will address competence, its' diffusion, application, and the consequence of this application within the field of Human Resource Management (HRM). The concept competence-in-practice will be presented and in conclusion the article will consider implications and possibilities of competence-in-practice as an alternative approach to Competence Development within Human Resource Management. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6718
Files in this item: 112 competence ioa working paper.pdf (202.1Kb)
Augier, Mie; Teece, David J. (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper, Mie Augier and David Teece outline the history and development of the ideas underlying an emerging approach within strategic management research: the dynamic capabili-ties framework. The framework was first outlined by Teece and Pisano (1994), and in the pre-sent paper elaborated further so the reader will be able to appreciate some of the most impor-tant intellectual resources underpinning it, such as the work of Schumpeter, Penrose, William-son, Cyert and March, Rummelt, Nelson and Winter. Although listed as intellectual resources by the authors, they also turn (some of) them into a topic for further discussion. For example, Augier and Teece identify not only the merits but also the limitations of transaction costs eco-nomics. In this way, the authors pave the way for a more dynamic framework while drawing upon organization theory and scholars like Cyert and March (a behavioral theory of the firm) and Nelson and Winter (an evolutionary theory of economic change). In the dynamic capability framework firms and markets co-evolve. Managers are now allowed to perform distinct strate-gic roles in shaping both firms and their markets, e.g. through asset- selection and orchestra-tion, including also the task of allocating resources between exploitation and exploration. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6673
Files in this item: 12004-52pio.pdf (236.2Kb)
A structuralist analysisSommerlund, Julie (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In the following, I will analyze two articles called Complex Adaptive Systems Ecology I & II (Molin & Molin, 1997 & 2000). The CASE-articles are some of the more quirky articles that have come out of the Molecular Microbial Ecology Group – a group where I am currently making observational studies. They are the result of a cooperation between Søren Molin, professor in the group, and his brother, Jan Molin, professor at Department of Organization and Industrial Sociology at Copenhagen Business School. The cooperation arises from the recognition that both microbial ecology and sociology/organization theory works with communities of sorts. The articles explore if insights from the one field – organization theory – can be used fruitfully in the other field – microbiology. The two articles are written as prolongations of each other and I will consider CASE I & II to be two parts of the same textual body. It is my main goal with this analysis to localize actants and developmental dynamics, which I can use as guidelines in my later empirical analyses. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6694
Files in this item: 1dokument 13.pdf (303.7Kb)
What does it mean for business educators?Mazza, Carmelo; Strandgaard Pedersen, Jesper; Alvarez, José Luis (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In the last decade, scholarly interest has been mainly attracted on the nature of knowledge, mechanisms of knowledge production and the transformation of the institutions diffusing knowledge. Most of these studies share the underlying hypotheses that management knowledge "travels", as a package, from producers to passive receivers. A few exploratory attempts have envisioned an alternative perspective based on the idea of "knowledge consumption". Managers are active receivers of institutionalized knowledge in the course of enacting their organizational roles. Building on this last perspective, first we try to outline the process of knowledge consumption. We describe how sources of knowledge are selected, knowledge is acquired and consumed by assuming that managers are active consumer of management knowledge. Then, we construct the process linking the flows of management knowledge in organizations and the flows of action performed by managers. We sustain that knowledge has to be first dis-embed from the context and artifacts it is in to be translated into a portable form—a standardized artifact, a logic of action, etc. Then, specific courses of action are required to re-embed knowledge in new artifacts, practices or routines (e.g. a budgetary procedure, an organizational process, etc.). So, to re-embed knowledge in new contexts, managers have to mobilize resources and build consensus on the specific courses of action. By assuming this process, two consequences are derived: first, the dis-embedding/re-embedding process is not the outcome of conscious planning; it goes back and forth, allows for controversial or "hypocritical" moves, at least in the short run. In any case, once management knowledge is translated into logics of action, managers have to use their imaginative power to share these logics to mobilize constituencies on priorities and undertake specific courses of actions This supports the idea that the managerial role is intrinsically political. Second, management education cannot simply deals with managerial recipes and rules of thumb. It is increasingly asked for providing non-technical knowledge to help managers exert their political role. To mobilize constituencies and create consensus on controversial decisions, technicalities could be less relevant than business-unrelated knowledge. We hold that has a relevant impact on both the institutional settings and the content of management education. The paper is structured in three parts. First, a framework is proposed to describe management knowledge consumption. Second, we outline the process linking consumed knowledge with actual managerial action. Third, the impact of this perspective on the structure of the institutions diffusing knowledge and on the idea of what is needed to make managerial decisions are explored. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6671
Files in this item: 1dokument 14.pdf (287.5Kb)
Boutaiba, Sami; Strandgaard Pedersen, Jesper (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In contemporary society, it is believed that things are changing at an increasingly rapid pace. We see this in newspapers, books, or every speech we listen to that modern (business) life is a race towards new horizons, or towards newness tout court. No matter which standpoint one engages vis-à-vis the rhetoric of change and the accompanying need to innovate and be creative, it is important to reflect upon the way one presents oneself vis-à-vis important stakeholders, including the most invested stakeholder – oneself. It is also within the strong rhetoric of change, that we witness an often-mentioned observation that economic transformation and globalization continue to alter how organizations and employees view work, and that these transformations require that workers and managers understand and adjust to major changes in definitions of and approaches to work, organizational structures, and relationships within and among organizations. Social scientists like Caves (2000) and Florida (2002) argue that creativity, as a resource, is critical for long-term economic development and that creative industries, in particular, act as agents of change that help drive economic development. In fact, creative industries are experiencing rapid growth, both in Denmark (Kultur- og Erhvervspolitisk Redegørelse, 2000; Regeringen, September, 2003) and globally (Pine and Gilmore, 1999), and it is generally believed that there are important lessons to be learnt from the "cultural, creative motor". Yet, they are little understood. Caves (2000) notes that, 'economists have studied a number of industrial sectors for their special and distinctive features', but have largely missed 'the creative industries supplying goods and services that we broadly associate with cultural, artistic, or simply entertainment value' (Caves, 2000:1).2 What researchers of creative industries have yet to examine, is not only how organizations within the creative industries operate and how the organizational members define and manage work, but also how the very meaning of being a creative company is performed, for example in a process of narrative identity construction. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify and understand the narrativeforms and processes through which creative enterprises organize and manage their symbolic communication and, in the process, attempt to balance creative-artistic and commercial interests. In this paper, we shall focus upon Zentropa, a filmmaking company that has generally been accredited with the etiquette of 'creative agent of change' vis-à-vis the Danish film industry. Thus, Zentropa is recognized as a creative player that has made a difference and it is to this narrative of Zentropa as a creative company that we direct our attention. More specifically, we propose that it matters what narrative is told about a company, and how a specific narrative is enacted, changed, and challenged during the course of a specific development. For a company like Zentropa, for whom the modern mantra 'there is more identity in deviation than in conformity' (see e.g. Bauman, 2000; Giddens, 1991; Sennett, 1998), it seems vital to represent and identify themselves as anti-establishment and a rebel with a cause in its way of being a film company in the Danish film field. The very concern with deviation, with being different, seems to force Zentropa to engage in ongoing reflections as to their own narrative identity. In a more general vein, we contend that there is a great need to come to a better understanding of the dynamics of identity (as also pointed out by Albert et al., 2000:14) in a society that appears restless in its infatuated praise of speed, innovation, and change. These are values with consequences for the way we make sense of ourselves and relate to others. Moreover, these are values that seem embodied by the exemplary case chosen in this project, namely Zentropa, an organization that seems almost exhibitionistic in its constant involvement in dialogues in the public space. Thus, Zentropa seems an exemplary case to study the narrative concern of being innovative, as Zentropa has become widely renowned for being innovative and for having contributed to a long-overdue renewal of the Danish film industry, as important characters in the story of Zentropa have narrated themselves as a 'Maverick' (Becker, 1982) within the high-framework filmmaking and is generally recognized as a remarkable example of innovativeness in Denmark (Kultur- og Erhvervsministeriet, 2000). This paper focuses more specifically on the way in which Zentropa performs an identity in interaction with one of its very significant others, namely the written press. This paper is in particular interested in studying how organizations through different forms of interaction and communication with the business media present and get their enterprises represented. Communication is obviously not a one-way street, thus this study will focus on the complex interaction between the creative enterprise and the business media. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6720
Files in this item: 1forside 19 working paper.pdf (156.6Kb)
political agendas of entrepreneurshipSteyaert, Chris (København, 2000)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6696
Files in this item: 1chris20s202000.pdf (47.28Kb)
The co-creation of worth, calculative devices and calculative agencies in the Danish wind power marketKarnøe, Peter (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Wind power generated electricity offers a unique vantage point on the nature of markets and the specific organizing processes by which markets become constructed, configured, and contested. Modern Wind power generated electricity emerged in Denmark after the first oil supply crisis in 1974 when various entrepreneurial actors responded to that situation and saw wind power as one possible solution to 'the' problem. Today wind power is globally the fastest growing energy technology and supplies significant amounts of energy in countries like Denmark and Germany, in Denmark wind power generated electricity supplies 20% of annual electricity consumption. Although the trajectory of wind power institutionally and materially is much more robust today than 25 years ago very few thought that this technology had such a future. In the context of the 1970s with modernization and emerging nuclear power, many evaluated wind power as a relic from the past, some imagined opportunities (doomed as unrealistic), but nobody imagined that wind power should become one of the important 'weapons' against the CO2-related climate change at the turn of the century. However, confronted with emergent technologies outside the existing evaluative frames and institutionalised categories, it is not about being right or wrong from an objective epistemology, but about what epistemologies are used to frame the potential worth of a potential new energy technology. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6668
Files in this item: 1markets-melbourne-5.pdf (371.8Kb)
Houman Andersen, Poul; Norus, Jesper (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: There is a continuing focus on the conditions for and processes of establishing new businesses and the role played by the external resource context in doing so. Using sociological concepts such as network bricolage and structuration some studies point to the supporting role as well as the restraining role of networks in this process. However, most research focuses on the innovative role of entrepreneurs in linking together dispersed resources in forming a concerted business enterprise. Far less focus has been on the de facto quality of these resources in forming the entrepreneurial role. Rather, the image of the Knightian or Kriznian entreprenur is left unchallenged, even in the "new" literature on entrepreneurship. However, if the concept of network bricolage or structuration as contexts institutionalising specific practices and sorting away others is taken seriously, the preexistence of patterned work practices shared among business actors, and how the ability to utilise these patterned practices in generating new business ideas affects the business start up process becomes important. Entrepreneurial processes may not only be influenced but also internally constituted by the wider environment. One may therefore question whether the impetus for starting up a new business vests entirely with the entrepreneur or what role the context plays in patterning the work of the entrepreneur with respect to firm creation. As pointed out by Gartner (1988) asking "who is the entrepreneur?" is the wrong question. For that purpose, we believe that the context of the entrepreneur, networks and embedded routines, provides an opportunity to understand how the context contributes in shaping the entrepreneurial act. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6717
Files in this item: 1dokument 10.pdf (212.1Kb)
Boxenbaum, Eva (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: This paper investigates the bringing into existence of a proto-institution, that is, a new practice, rule or technology that diffuses beyond the innovative setting, but which is not yet taken-for-granted in a field. A case study, conducted real-time, shows how a collaborative group of business actors deliberately develop a proto-institution. They transpose an institutional logic from another field and combine it with an institutional logic in the focal field to resolve a field-level problem. Enabling factors include a high level of institutional heterogeneity in the focal field, the use of inter-organizational networks, and actors embedded in multiple fields. The making of the proto-institution is intentional, yet the institutional building blocks and the apparent interests of actors are institutionally embedded. The results from this micro-dynamic analysis suggest revisions to current conceptualizations of institutional change processes. Keywords: Institutional change, proto-institution, cognition, institutional entrepreneurship, innovation, collaborative networks. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6726
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Georg, Susse (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6670
Files in this item: 1dokument 21.pdf (213.0Kb)
Knudsen, Morten (, 2009)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: Workingpaperet er en guide til litteratur om metode, analysestrategi og videnskabsteori med relevans for problemorienteret samfundsvidenskabeligt projektarbejde på videregående uddannelsesinstitutioner. En række temaer præsenteres og relevant litteratur angives. Temaerne er ordnet under tre overskrifter: I. Genstand, II. Analyse og metode III. Proces, kvalitet og formalia. Guiden er skrevet specifikt til brug på masteruddannelsen Master of Health Management på CBS, men vil også kunne finde bredere anvendelse. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/7786
Files in this item: 1WP2009-001.pdf (193.1Kb)
Traveling ideas for providing transparency and trust?Georg, Susse (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6730
Files in this item: 1dokument 22. pdf.pdf (152.4Kb)
"feelings are the motive power, reason is the rudder"Ry Nielsen, J.C.; Ry, Morten (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this essay we will demonstrate that the role of project management in organisational change processes is a mixture of rational and non-rational features. It is also colourful, difficult, interesting, and messy. We have named the paper "An Essay on". An essay means treating a topic freely from different angles, although not forgetting the sources you used. The implication of this is that we are not able or willing to make an encompassing study of the literature on project management3. We thus know that many angles will not be covered. Furthermore we do not intend a make a negative delineation, indicating what we are not dealing with. We prefer to make a positive delineation, emphasising what we are going to take up in our essay. Positively phrased we are inspired by 3 sources that will make the foundation for our different angles: 1. Decision making theory (Enderud,1976)4. One of the authors has previously with success applied decision-making theory as an approach for analysing organisation change processes 5. Both authors have followed the same line in analysing organisational changes in the Danish public sector6. That success has inspired us to re-use the distinction between rational, political and anarchic processes in this essay 7. Enderud (1976:21-22) excludes explicitly the role of the actors' participation in his presentation of decision models. We find, however this aspect so important that we have decided to include it 2. Buchanan and Boddy´s analysis of the character of change8: The authors characterise the change project in to dimensions. One pertains to the activities concerned: Are we dealing with peripheral or core activities of the organisation. The second dimension deals with the magnitude of the change. Buchanan and Boddy use the scale: incremental - radical9. Furthermore Buchanan and Boddy makes a useful distinction between "public performance" (on stage) of rationally considered and logically phased and visibly participative change and "backstage activity" in the recruitment and maintenance of support and in seeking and blocking resistance (ibid p.27) 3. We will apply data from our own case studies. We will use a format that we call an illustration, thereby indicating that we "only" illustrate a point. We do not prove it10. Our cases are almost all from the public sector or from trade unions. Most of them have been published elsewhere. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6711
Files in this item: 1dokument 9.pdf (272.6Kb)
An Interview with David J. TeeceAugier, Mie (København, 2004)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In this paper, Mie Augier provides a rich description of the intellectual traditions, the signifi-cant people and academic institutions that in some way or another made a difference to Davis Teece's own intellectual development. In this sense, it is a dynamic account of the emerging career of a distinguished scholar - but not only that. It is also a description of the co-development of three major disciplinary fields; organization theory, economics and strategic management during three decades or so. David Teece has made several important contribu-tions, perhaps most notably to economics (on the theory of the firm and transaction cost eco-nomics) and strategic management (on dynamic capabilities) while drawing upon organization theory and notions such as organizational routines and bounded rationality. In addition, Augier also provides an interview with David Teece, a true scholar still unsettled with what has been achieved so far - in all three fields: "Maybe I'm wrong; and maybe technology is a special case and maybe technology and organization do not belong at the core of the theory of the firm. My intuition tells me otherwise." (David Teece, quoted in this issue). URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6686
Files in this item: 12004-51.pdf (238.3Kb)
Forms and facades in formation of the biotechnology firmsNorus, Jesper (København, 2003)[More information][Less information]
Abstract: In the recent years the successful collaborative arrangements and relationships between university, industry and public institutions have become a mantra in transforming new scientific knowledge into new innovations and business ventures. The fit between these very different actor groups has been treated as a contingent factor. However only little attention have been giving to a specific focus on the strategies that new business ventures have obtained to establish the fit between small firms, university research, and public policies such as regulatory policies and R&D policies. The emergence of the new biotechnologies and these techniques predominately coming from the university sector make the new biotechnology organizations an interesting object for studying these relationships both on a regional and a national level. From the perspective of the small biotechnology firms (SBFs) the paper explores four different strategies for dealing with network relations; the research oriented strategy, the incubator strategy, the industrial partnering strategy, and the policy-oriented strategy. The research-oriented strategy is narrowly focusing on how a biotechnology firm transforms their scientific results into promising technologies, services or products. The incubator strategy is concerned with localization and how to come about specific types of managerial problem in the initial stage of forming a business venture. The industrial partnering strategy concerns how to overcome the problem of bringing the technologies from an experimental stage at a research lab to be able handle industrial processes and full-scale production. Last but not least the policy oriented strategy focus on problem of having products approved by the public authorities. Theoretically the article draws upon network theories and a dynamic view of network relations. That is done in order to capture the nature of the relationships between different types of actors, but also in order to emphasize the informal nature of some of these relationships. The article has a dual purpose; 1) From a corporate point of view to emphasize multiple conditions for developing and forming interorganizational relationships, 2) From a research perspective to point to the diversity and heterogeneity of these relations and thereby emphasizes the evolutionary nature of these relations and their relatedness to the overall strategies obtained by the biotechnology entrepreneurs. The paper is structured so it will start out by stating its methodological foundations. Thereafter the theoretical positioning of the network approach will seek to argue that we have multiple network relationships are at play. Not only do these networks differ but also the institutional and organizational origins are to be touched upon to come to understand the nature of the biotechnology environment and the actors involved. The positioning of the SBFs as the focal point of the analysis leads to a discussion on entrepreneurial business strategies in biotechnology industry and how these business strategies in a very distinct mode is correlated with interorganizational relationships. The empirical evidence will be fleshed out in four cases representing each of the four suggested strategies. The conclusion discusses three implications of network partnering analysis. First, it discusses the theoretical contributions on the diversity, heterogeneity between the four partnering strategies. Second, it will point to future directions in the research. Third, the conclusion will point to the managerial challenges that can be foreseen. URI: http://hdl.handle.net/10398/6669
Files in this item: 1working paper 2003 no.12.pdf (372.5Kb)
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