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I would say that my feelings about ants are very mixed at the moment.
|photo credit: williamcho
As an Entomologist, I'm absolutely fascinated by ants. Who wouldn't be fascinated by these tiny insects that form amazingly complex and efficient societies that parallel those of humans?
Millions of Ants
We often think of ourselves as the most intelligent or civilized but I think ants can give us a run for our money! Their ability to cooperate with each other, to build nests, care for their young, exploit and manipulate resources of all kinds and defend themselves in many different ways have made them so successful that we often butt heads. We are struggling to keep the upper hand in agricultural and urban situations. They can be quite a nuisance, but one can't help being intrigued!
Ants share the order Hymenoptera with bees and wasps, some of which also live in social groups. Ant colonies can range from a few dozen to millions of individuals, but unlike bees and wasps, there is no such thing as a solitary ant. Many form permanent nests while others are nomadic. Most are predators or scavengers, while some grow their own food. Some even farm and "milk" other insects like we do with cattle.
The Queen
Ant colonies typically consist of a queen (occasionally many), the only member of the colony to reproduce, and her sterile daughters or workers. Each year, new reproductive females and males, called drones, are produced. The winged males and females leave the colony to mate and start new colonies. The males die immediately after mating and the females shed their wings and become queens of their own colonies. Some colonies do not even have queens, only reproductive workers called gamergates. Some ant queens can live for up to 30 years, placing them high among the longest lived insects.
If the queen is the heart of the colony, the workers are the blood. She produces them, they develop into adults and they take care of every aspect of the colony. Their responsibilities range from tending to the queen, the young, the nest and each other, to foraging for food or building materials and protecting the nest. The younger ants can be founding tending to the inner workings of the nest while the older ones, who are more expendable, have the more hazardous task of foraging.
Worker Ants
Workers can be different sizes, but the largest are the soldiers (remember, all are female!). Soldiers are strong, brave, and often have sizable mandibles! Any worker ant will sacrifice itself for the good of the colony. Who do you think invented suicide missions? This selfless devotion and ability to work together as one unified organism is what has made them so successful. There are so many ants that they make up an estimated 20% of the terrestrial biomass on earth. That number far surpasses that of vertebrates!
We have several types of ants here at the Cockrell Butterfly Center, some captive, and some, well, not so captive. A facility such as ours is a haven for pest species including cockroaches, fruit flies, and lots and lots of ants. We've always had ants in the conservatory. The conditions are favorable and the food, including fallen butterflies, is plentiful. In the conservatory, they are manageable and they don't really bother anyone.
photo credit: emills1
Of over 12,000 described species of ants, only about 20 species are considered "pests" – i.e., they mess with humans or our possessions in some way. The pest species are mostly very small ants including sugar ants, ghost ants, pavement ants, and others, that sometimes get into our houses and larders. Unfortunately one of our uninvited residents is perhaps the hardest species of household pest ants to control, crazy ants.
Crazy Ants!
|photo credit: zayzayem
Crazy ants, also known as longhorn crazy ants (Paratrechina longichornis) have earned their common name from their erratic and "crazy" movements. They move extremely quickly and in all different directions. They do not form foraging trails like most other ants, instead, they will go straight towards a food source, then meander all over the place back to their nest, making their actual nest very difficult to find!
Crazy ants feed on a wide variety of things including live or dead insects, fruits, nectar, honeydew (a secretion from hemipteran insects), and many household foods. The best way to control these ants is exclusion, or keeping them out and keeping food and water sources out of the area.
Crazy ants are very easily identified. They are small, dark colored ants with very long antennae. They are monomorphic, meaning all of the workers look the same and are the same size. They do not sting but they can be present in such great numbers that they can be quite a nuisance. We're currently doing everything we can to combat them!
New Leaf Cutter Ant Colonies!
Luckily, there are also ants that we are glad to have. After losing our tropical leaf cutter ant colonies in 2010, we have been blessed with 3 new colonies of Texas Leaf cutter ants (Atta texana).
I bet you didn't know that leaf cutter ants are native to Texas! Leaf cutter ants are very fascinating and fun to watch! The workers use their powerful jaws to cut pieces of about 200 different types of leaves. They do not eat the leaves but carry them back to the nest. Once there, they chew them into a mulch that they use to grow a special type of fungus. The fungus is what the ant larvae feed on, so they are true fungus farmers!
Leaf cutter workers are polymorphic, meaning the workers differ in size and appearance. The smallest workers, called minims, are meant to tend to the fungus garden, queen, and brood. The minor workers, which are a bit bigger, patrol the nest and are the first line of defense. Mediae are larger workers with strong mandibles that forage, cut leaves and bring them back to the nest. The largest are the major workers. They act as the soldiers and are often very large with big strong mandibles that can break the skin. I know this from experience!
Leaf cutter ants also do not posses a stinger, but they sure do bite and will not let go! The mutualistic relationship between the ants and the fungus is quite incredible. The fungus must be actively maintained and cultivated by the ants. It constantly needs new fresh leaves to grow and survive. The ant larvae feed exclusively on the fungus and need it in order for them and the colony to survive. The ants constantly monitor the fungus to see if any leaves are toxic or if any other competing fungus is growing. They will destroy any other fungi with a bacterium that grows on their skin and secretes antimicrobial chemicals. WOW!
Two of our new colonies came from the University of Texas, which was so generous to donate them to us! When we got them I noticed that the fungus gardens, which are usually green, were all white. These ants had been fed on oats instead of leaves, which they can apparently manipulate in the same manner. It's really cool, they look like some formations you would find in a cave. One of these colonies will soon be on display for everyone to watch as they busily carry leaf fragments to their gardens.
There are so many interesting things about ants. They really are diverse and fascinating. I encourage you to read up on them a little bit; even just by clicking the links in this blog, you may find out things you would have never expected!
Next time you see ants trailing in your house or outdoors, don't think of them as just a nuisance, think of how incredible they are and how hard they work. You may have a newfound respect for the little critters.
Until next time, happy bug watching!


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About this video:
"What happens to a dream when it becomes reality?
Does it still exist somewhere, in some ethereal place, waiting to come to fruition again?
Could a fictional narrative capture an emotional state, and the true meaning behind a real, live event with more drama and conviction than a traditional documentary?
These were just some of the questions that arose when I took on the "CITY OF LAKES" project late last year. First, it would become an unprecedented attempt to combine a fully scripted, produced film with Melissa & Samir's real, live wedding, with the intention of creating one, seamless film. Second, the live wedding and production would be shot entirely on-location in Udaipur, India over a period of nine days. Third, our skeleton crew would consist solely of live event filmmakers from across North America, who would shoot the live wedding events and production simultaneously & exclusively on DSLRs, the Canon 5D MarkII and Canon 7D.
"CITY OF LAKES" is as much a story about what it means to return to the birthplace of one's ancestors, as it is an exploration of the Hindu faith, and the rituals of a Hindu marriage. Central to this is the Ganesh puja, which in simple terms, is a prayer over a fire believed to invoke the spirit of Ganesh, a great deity and protector, who can remove all obstacles from one's path. The puja is performed several times in the film and carries great significance to the plot and characters in both literal and metaphoric ways.
Melissa & Samir had always dreamed of being married in India. We hope this film helps them cherish that dream. But it could not have been without the acting talents of Anubhab Saha, Sharon Chawda and Rushad Rana, who were consummate professionals and a joy to work with. It also could not have been without the support of our sponsors: Canon, who provided two pre-production 7Ds and a host of L-series lenses; Tiffen, who provided all of our lighting; and Cinevate, who sent us much needed gear and sponsored an incredible behind-the-scenes campaign viewable at Cinevate.com.
The challenges were immediate, abundant and frequent. At times, we were certain the film was destined for failure; I often wondered if the film was too ambitious to execute. But what resulted was due in no small part to a crew made up of live event filmmakers who deal routinely in making the spontaneous appear staged. We're proud to share Melissa & Samir's 'hybrid' feature, "CITY OF LAKES," which hopefully achieves more than a documentary, and perhaps at the same time, more than a scripted film.
There is a final question we hope you'll find difficult to answer as you watch our film. In more ways than one, try to answer:
What is real?
Thanks for watching,
Pacific Pictures presents "CITY OF LAKES"
Starring Melissa Kumar, Samir Shah, Anubhab Saha, Sharon Chawda & Rushad Rana
Written & Directed by Kevin Shahinian
Produced by Kevin Shahinian & Patrick Moreau
Line Producer Pravin Thakur
Director of Photography Patrick Moreau
2nd Unit Director Joe Simon
2nd Unit Steadicam Casey Warren
Film Editor Kevin Shahinian
Jib Operator Chris Geiger
Set Photographer Amish Solanki
Thursday, June 24, 2010
City of Lakes
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subset: commoncrawl


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I'm in a Java online course. I am completely lost on a homework problem and cannot proceed, since I don't have my Java textbood to refer off of anymore (accidentally left it in another state). Any suggestions on how to start? I can't seem to find any help online. Here is the problem.
Write and fully test a class that represents rational numbers. A rational number can be represented as the ratio of two integer values, ( a ) and ( b ), where ( b ) is not zero. The class has attributes for the numerator and denominator of this ratio. The ratio should always be stored in its simplest form. That is, any common factor of ( a ) and ( b ) should be removed. For example, the rational number 40/12 should be stored as 10/3.
The class has the following contructors and methods:
* A default constructor that sets the rational numbers to 0/1
* A constructor that has parameters for the numerator and denominator and converts the resulting ratio to simplified form.
* simplify--a private method that converts the rational numbers to simplified form.
* geGCD (x, y )--a private static method that returns the largest common factor of the two positive integers x and y, that is, their greatest common divisor. For example, the greatest common divisor of 40 and 12 is 4.
* getValue--returns the rational number as a double value.
* toString--returns the rational number as a string in the form a/b.
//Here is what I currently have... like I said, it's hard for me to proceed without my book. How would I even begin? I am completely lost. Much help is appreciated!!
import java.util.Scanner;
public class rational


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What I mean is this: how much do you actually know about the science most atheists parrot? Most atheists know as little science as most Christians know as little theology. Just as a Christian trusts his priest to tell him what he believes, an atheist trusts scientists with a Ph.D. tacked to their name to tell them what they believe. But how many times have the scientists turned out to be wrong? I only ask this because it seems this is central to the problem that most atheists have. They are repulsed by the phrase "believe" – they are addicted instead to the phrase "know". But honestly, do you really know, or are you just believing what you're told? I would like to remind you that in the 1970′s the scientists of the day were seriously concerned that we were about to enter an ice age, and less than 30 years later they are now convinced Earth is about to turn into a desert.
Unless you've observed something yourself, or observed and interpreted the evidence yourself and drew your own conclusions, you are just as guilty as faith as any religious person.
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My point is, that we are so individually isolated, within our bodies and minds, that we can never know for certain what another is seeing or thinking. You and I may see totally different colors, that each of us call, "blue," because when we pointed to a color - that our parents may also have seen differently from ourselves - and asked, "What color is that?" the parent said, "blue," so regardless of what you saw, the name of that wavelength, for you, will be forever "blue."
My point was our isolation, not our perceptions. The Vulcans have it easy.
So, another person's perception is conceptually a Schroedinger's Cat. Each of us is a Schroedinger's Cat, in a sense as well, except that each person's box will never be opened by someone else.
Wittgenstein analyzed the grammar of private sensations as being learned in public. Attempting to analyze it deeper than that is futile. As long as one learns to play the game in a way that rings true to other language users, that's about all the understanding you're ever going to get.
No matter what people see in their heads, the facticity of the world, colors being one example, will keep people consistent even if one person sees a daytime sunny blue sky in a color you would say is orange. As long as their perceptions are tied to a fact, such as the sky, their way of speaking about it will be consistent. That, I believe, is a point Kris Feenstra was making.
each person's box will never be opened by someone else
Did Wittgenstein also write about metaphor? I imagine that science is constantly building and refining models and metaphors to explain reality more precisely. While some theists will claim that this is the same as constantly changing our minds and scientific conclusions, it's more like we're constantly re-sculpting old sculptures, and sculpting new ones, which usually look more and more like reality every day.
I.e. wrt the topic, I trust the sculpting process, even when the sculptures are not yet perfect. I do not have faith in their perfection, but I do know that the process enables us to build cars, rockets, cure diseases, communicate instantly around the world, and so on. And our advancements are picking up speed and momentum, which people of faith have to be very uncomfortable with.
Scientists and religionists are opening up different kinds of boxes, and with wildly different (if not sometimes opposite) kinds of results, meanings, effects on our future.
Your question is astonishingly full of misconceptions and faulty assumptions. You clearly have talked to very few actual atheists except the straw men of your imagination.
Let's start with the assumption which informs your entire question, which is that Atheism is basically like another category of religious affiliation that you can tack on the end of a list beginning 'Christian, Muslim, Jewish...'. This is wrong. Atheism is not a religion; it is a lack of religion, and nothing else. A comedian compared it to thinking that Abstinence is a sex position. Lack of something is not a type of that thing, and lacking religion says nothing about the person other than that they lack religion.
Thus, the notion that all or most atheists 'parrot' scientific ideas the way Christians parrot doctrine contains two faulty assumptions. One is that most people who are non-religious are that way because they have been 'reasoned' into it by science; the other is that there is any equivalency between making an argument based on scientific evidence and making one based on doctrine. Which brings me to your next assumption,
That Science is a Thing. This is a very common perception among people who didn't pay attention in high school science class, missing not only the details of the class, which were unimportant, but the Point of the class, which was to teach you to think scientifically. Science is a method, not an object, artifact or body of knowledge. You could even define it as an attitude. When a religious person says 'believe', they usually mean it in the sense associated with Faith, i.e. accepting something blindly and without question because it's right and it will make you feel good and let you live forever to do so, or some such bundle of nonsense. When a person who thinks rationally (scientifically) uses the same word, it should be taken to mean something like 'The most logical conclusion based on my interpretation of the best evidence available to me is...' There is no monolithic folder labeled 'science' that contains the accepted truths of the day, against which all else is heresy. People who think of science this way are simply equating it with other ways of knowing such as ideology and religiosity, which are much more pervasive in many people's everyday experience, and have simply not wrapped their minds around the fact that scientific means of thinking are fundamentally democratic instead of autocratic.
Of course, there are big, established theories, such as those of evolution, quantum mechanics and gravity, which are rather hard to argue against, but (and this is crucial) they are all absolutely subject to modification or discredit the moment a credible piece of contrary evidence demands a new theory or interpretation. There's not some boardroom in Oxford full of crony evolutionists (or quanticists, or gravitists) who will defend these theories to the death in the face of any contrary evidence. Such scenes are hallmarks of the religious and political realms; by contrast, the most important people in the scientific world are the ones who are challenging, refining or redefining ideas about the nature of their subjects. The fact that the scientific consensus (which word should not be interpreted as 'dogma') about the future of the planet's climate has shifted so drastically in the past 40 years (not 'less than 30'... are you one of those curious cases whose mental clock stopped counting when we reached the year 2000?) gives me more faith in the scientific process, not less. And it doesn't bother me to use the word faith, since it's faith in a rational process, not in unsubstantiated nonsense.
As to your objection that we can't know anything for sure unless we've observed it ourselves (which, even if I've stated it with less nuance than you meant, is basically what you claim); besides your apparent ignorance of the standards of peer review for science literature, no person can function in the world solely on the basis of what they've observed and measured for themselves. No progress is possible if each person has to believe only what he's discovered on his own. Mark Zuckerburg didn't build a computer from scratch; the Wright bros didn't smelt their own ore for their airplane frame, and the man whose immortal idea it was to slice bread probably wasn't the first person to bake a loaf. I fail to see how their contributions to the world are any less worthy because of their ignorance of everything that went into their creation.
Well said, Brian!
@Reg - Luv it - but as usual, Bob won't make comment on the evil that his god is OK with killing kids, so why would Bob be bothered about kids being raped.
Suzanne, not only does @Bob approve of child rape, but I have evidence (thanks to @Arch) that proves that he purchases a dozen boxes of those Pinocchio boxers each term, and then a bunch of those shorts show up being sold by some of his male students on eBay. Some of them even have stockings sewn into them, which makes me wonder what the heck chapter in the textbook he's teaching at the time.
Suzanne, not only does @Bob approve of child rape,
This @Bob? Professor Robert?
While I'm sure you meant that to be some form of humor or irony (like the Pinocchio boxers), are you really sure it's the mark of an intelligent free-thinker to libel someone in that way?
@Bob - People make choices that cause harm to themselves or others all the time in the pursuit of pleasure. Are they wrong to do so? Why?
No, they are not wrong to do so - Stupid, yes, but as long as they don't hurt other people, I don't care. It is their choice to put their own life in danger.
You and I live in first world nations that monopolize resources and consumption in a manner that arguably leads to profound poverty in some/many places.
How lucky was I to be born white, how lucky am I to be born in a wealthy country. I cannot put myself in the shoes of a black person, either in my country or yours, because of racism - and the shite that these people get every day. You and I are very privileged, all because of an accident at birth.
Effects of poverty on children in the long term are arguably every bit as devastating as rape, if not more so -
What the???? We are not talking about poverty, and we, being well fed, and have never been raped, could not even begin comparing the two, to see which one is worse???????
We are talking about the rape of children in, so far, wealthy white countries - certainly, if the catholic church paid tax, many more millions would be saved from poverty.
But, now that the wealthy white countries now know the extent of the horrendous crimes against humanity - the catholic church will start to move a lot more priests to poor third world countries, where children are abundant, and once again the parents will give over their children to the lovely, honorable, trustworthy priest.
The third world countries, where people are uneducated, and don't know the lights have been shone on the skullduggery and the heinous crimes that have gone on in the catholic church, right around the world.
Priests in these countries will also be abundant, as they will have a better lifestyle, with a car and driver, a cook and a cleaner, a lovely place to live, plenty of food, and get trips to the vatican, and stay in an apartment worth millions.
Does it always result in harm? - Well, from what I gather, from testimony from victims who have been raped many times over many years, they didn't seem to see it as part of the 'growing' experience. To be threatened, to be called a liar, to be told that 'Jesus Loves Them'. These are children who had no idea what was happening, had no idea what sex was, just felt dirty, and it was wrong, they didn't know why.
What if we were to bring it out of the closet, -
Certainly - and tell kids and parents, do not, under any circumstances, be alone with a priest, it doesn't matter how 'nice' or how 'trustworthy' he seems, never be left alone with him.
That is the result of people like you, Bob, not getting involved in a change of the catholic stance of celibacy, who want to save their beloved church, where men become damaged and stunted in their humanity, good priests being targeted as well as the priests and bishops who raped and covered up their crimes.
A society where it is accepted as an ordinary form of mentoring by youth and parents?
Where what is accepted - homosexuality or pedophilia. I don't know if you know this Bob, but pedophilia involves male adult on small child, a naive child, who knows nothing about sex. Don't get the two mixed up - a homosexual doesn't then change to become a pedophile, he just moves his intent to innocents who can't say no, who are vulnerable, and as children, they do what an adult asks them to do, something an adult does not do. Adults give permission, children do not.
Do you have children Bob, do you have children under sixteen Bob, would you be willing to have an adult 'mentor' for your child, either male or female. What would you tell a child, that an adult parent could explain to a child, this it is OK for a male adult to put his penis into a child. Is that what you are saying?
1. By which adults? What sort of contraception? Do they have any prior medical conditions? For what purpose?
Once again, ask the people that this affects their lives, their families lives - a woman producing a child every year, who cannot feed the children she has, and whose husband can't feed the children he has. In western countries, parents ignore the catholic dogma of not using contraception.
Nobody has the right to interfere with that family, NOBODY. But your catholic church does, and it is only uneducated people who take it to heart, and believe that by using contraception, they will not go to heaven. It is a human right to control the size of a family, but not in the eyes of the catholic church. Criminal.
It only takes the guts of one pope to change the rule, less children will die at birth, less women will die because of having too many children. That is good enough for me, to tell the catholic church to 'take a hike', clean up your mess.
The really brilliant thing, is that educated catholic countries are also telling the catholic church 'to take a hike".
The really sad thing is the catholic church is now aiming at third world countries.


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Fulton County Fire Rescue Department will relocate Fire Station 15 from its current location at 8320 Gullatt Road, Palmetto, GA 30268 to a new site at 6625 Cedar Grove Road at Cedar Grove Park.
The current Fire Station 15 will close on February 28, 2013. Crew members assigned to Fire Station 15 will temporarily relocate to Fire Station 17 during the transition period but will continue to respond to calls in the Fire Station 15 service area. A modular building will be constructed at Fire Station 15's new site with plans for a more permanent structure in the future. Fire Station 15 is expected to be up and running at its new site by mid-summer 2013.
"The relocation of Fire Station 15 will benefit citizens because it will place the station in the heart of its coverage district," said Fulton County Fire Chief Larry Few. "It will also provide a cost savings to the County because we will no longer be leasing the building where Station 15 is currently housed."
In addition to a new location, the new Fire Station 15 will also serve an expanded territory. Some of the territory currently served by Fire Station 17 will become part of Fire Station 15's territory once the new modular station is built.
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For many people thoughts are already turning to the festive period and a well-earned rest. All Nasako Besingi wants for Christmas is for Herakles Farms to say they are leaving him and his fellow villagers' land alone.
2012 has been a tough year for the Cameroonian activist, the director of the NGO Struggle to Economize Future Environment (SEFE), which has been leading resistance to Herakles' proposed palm oil plantation in the country. While preparing a peaceful demonstration last month, he was arrested with other SEFE activists and detained without charge. For months he's been subjected to constant harassment culminating in a court appearance this week where he again left without any charge being laid.
But a tough year had a brighter ending and showed Nasako his struggle is not in vain, as he received an award last week in recognition of his and his colleagues' efforts to protect local livelihoods and biodiversity.
Forest Clearing in Cameroon © Greenpeace / Alex Yallop
The jury acknowledged the sacrifices that Nasako is making to help his community in their opposition to the Herakles project.
Nasako is deeply concerned by the potentially devastating impacts of the US corporation's proposed 73,000 hectare plantation, which is currently home to thousands of people and located between five protected areas of enormous ecological value.
With little consultation conducted by the company with local residents who stand to lose their livelihoods and control over land they have worked for generations, opposition to the proposed development has continued to grow.
"This award I receive not only in my personal capacity, but rather on behalf of those who have worked alongside me, within the community as well as further afield," he said. "I wish that our struggle against illegal land grabbing will continue, because we believe that the current location of the Herakles Farms' palm oil project in the middle of environmentally sensitive areas will have far reaching negative impacts on the local human population, wildlife and botanical biodiversity."
Greenpeace agrees. And we'll continue working alongside Nasako into the New Year until this project is stopped.
Alexa Phillips is part of the Forests team at Greenpeace Africa
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Peer support occurs when people provide knowledge, experience, emotional, social or practical help to each other.[1] It commonly refers to an initiative consisting of trained supporters, and can take a number of forms such as Peer mentoring, listening, or peer counseling. Peer support is also used to refer to initiatives where colleagues, members of self help organizations and others meet as equals to give each other support on a reciprocal basis. Peer in this case is taken to imply that each person has no more expertise as a supporter than the other and the relationship is one of equality.
A peer has "been there, done that" and can relate to others who are now in a similar situation. Trained peer support workers are required to obtain Continuing Education Units, like all other clinical staff.
Underlying theoryEdit
The effectiveness of peer support is believed to derive from a variety of psychosocial processes described best by Mark Salzer in 2002:[2] social support, experiential knowledge, social learning theory, social comparison theory and the helper-therapy principle.
- Social support is the existence of positive psychosocial interactions with others with whom there is mutual trust and concern.[3] Positive relationships contribute to positive adjustment and buffer against stressors and adversities by offering emotional support (esteem, attachment, and reassurance), instrumental support (material goods and services); and information support (advice, guidance, and feedback).[4]
- Experiential knowledge is specialized information and perspectives that people obtain from living through a particular experience such as substance abuse, a physical disability, chronic physical or mental illness, or a traumatic event such as combat, a natural disaster, domestic violence or a violent crime, sexual abuse, or imprisonment. Experiential knowledge tends to be unique and pragmatic and when shared contributes to solving problems and improving quality of life.[5]
- Social learning theory postulates that peers, because they have undergone and survived relevant experiences, are more credible role models for others. Interactions with peers who are successfully coping with their experiences or illness are more likely to result in positive behavior change.[6]
- Social comparison means that individuals are more comfortable interacting with others who share common characteristics with themselves, such as a psychiatric illness, in order to establish a sense of normalcy. By interacting with others who are perceived to be better than them, peers are given a sense of optimism and something to strive toward.[7]
- The helper-therapy principle proposes that there are four significant benefits to those who provide peer support[8][9]: (a) increased sense of interpersonal competence as a result of making an impact on another person's life; (b) development of a sense of equality in giving and taking between himself or herself and others; (c) helper gains new personally-relevant knowledge while helping; and (d) the helper receives social approval from the person they help, and others.[10]
Peer support in schools and educationEdit
Peer mentoringEdit
- Main article: Peer mentoring
Peer mentoring takes place in learning environments such as schools, usually between an older more experienced student and a new student.[11] Peer mentors appear mainly in secondary schools where students moving up from primary schools may need assistance in settling in to the whole new schedule and lifestyle of secondary school life. Peer mentoring is also used in the workplace as a means of orienting new employees. New employees who are paired with a peer mentor are twice as likely to remain in their job than those who do not receive mentorship.[12]
Peer listeningEdit
This form of peer support is widely used within schools.[13][14] Peer supporters are trained, normally from within schools or universities, or sometimes by outside organizations, such as Childline's CHIPS (Childline In Partnership With Schools) program,[15] to be "active listeners".[16] Within schools, peer supporters are normally available at break or lunch times.
Peer mediationEdit
Peer mediation is a means of handling incidents of bullying by bringing the victim and the bully together under mediation by one of their peers.[17][18][19][20]
Peer helper in sportsEdit
A peer helper in sports works with young adults in sports such as football, soccer, track, volleyball, baseball, cheerleading, swimming, and basketball. They may provide help with game tactics (e.g. keeping your eye on the ball), emotional support, training support, and social support.[21][22]
Peer support in mental healthEdit
Consumers/clients of mental health programs group together to form non-profit self-help organizations,[23] and serve to support each other and to challenge associated stigma and discrimination.[24][25] Organizations that offer peer support services for people with mental health problems include Fountain House, Emotions Anonymous, the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA), GROW, and Recovery International. Research has shown that peer-run self-help groups yield improvement in psychiatric symptoms resulting in decreased hospitalization, larger social support networks and enhanced self-esteem and social functioning.[26][27] Organizations such as the Samaritans, Nightline, and Aware provide peer support to people in emotional distress.
Peer support in addictionEdit
Twelve-step programs for overcoming substance misuse and other addiction recovery groups are often based on peer support.[28] Alcoholics Anonymous promotes peer support between new members and their sponsors: "The process of sponsorship is this: an alcoholic who has made some progress in the recovery program shares that experience on a continuous, individual basis with another alcoholic who is attempting to attain or maintain sobriety through AA.[29]" Other addiction recovery programs rely on peer support without following the twelve-step model.[30][31]
Peer support for anxiety and depressionEdit
In Canada, the LEAF (Living Effectively with Anxiety and Fear) Program is a peer-led support group for cognitive-behavioral therapy of persons with mild to moderate panic disorders.[32]
In a 2011 meta-analysis of seven randomized trials that compared a peer support intervention to group cognitive-behavioral therapy in patients suffering from depression, peer support interventions were found to improve depression symptoms more than usual care alone and results may be comparable to those of group cognitive behavioral therapy. These findings suggest that peer support interventions have the potential to be effective components of depression care, and they support the inclusion of peer support in recovery-oriented mental health treatment.[33]
Peer support in chronic illnessEdit
Peer support has been beneficial for many people living with diabetes. Diabetes encompasses all aspects of people's lives, often for decades. Support from peers can offer emotional, social, and practical assistance that helps people do the things they need to do to stay healthy.[34] Peer support groups for diabetics complement and enhance other health care services.[35]
Peer support has also been provided for people with cancer[36] and HIV.[37][38][39] The Breast Cancer Network of Strength trains peer counselors to work with breast cancer survivors.[40]
Peer support for first respondersEdit
Peer support programs have also been implemented to address stress and psychological trauma among law-enforcement personnel[41][42] and firefighters.[43] Peer support is an important component of the Critical incident stress management program used to alleviate stress and trauma among disaster first responders.[44]
Peer support for people with disabilitiesEdit
Peer support has been widely used by organizations that work with people with disabilities, including the Amputee Coalition of America and Survivor Corps. Since 1998 the ACA has operated a National Peer Network for survivors of limb loss. The Blinded Veterans Association has recently launched Operation Peer Support (OPS), a program designed to support men and women returning to the US blinded or experiencing significant visual impairment in connection with their military service. Peer support has also benefited survivors of traumatic brain injury and their families.[45]
Survivor Corps defines peer support for trauma survivors as "Encouragement and assistance provided by a colleague who has overcome similar difficulties to engender self-confidence and autonomy and to enable the survivor to make his or her own decisions and implement them.[46]" Peer support is a fundamental strategy in the rehabilitation of landmine survivors[47][48] in Afghanistan, Bosnia, El Salvador and Vietnam.
Peer support for survivors of traumaEdit
Peer counseling has been used to help survivors of trauma,[49] such as refugees, cope with stress[50] and deal with difficult living conditions.[51] Peer support is integral to the services provided by the National Center for Trauma-Informed Care. Other programs have been designed for female victims of domestic violence[52] and for women in prison.[53]
Peer support for veterans and their familiesEdit
Several programs exist that provide peer support for military veterans in the US[54][55][56] and Canada.[57][58][59] In 2010 the Military Women to Women Peer Support Group was established in Helena, MT.[60]
The Tragedy Assistance Program for Survivors (TAPS) provides peer support, crisis care, casualty casework assistance, and grief and trauma resources for families of members of the US military. Operation Peer Support (OPS) is a program for US military veterans who were blinded or have significant visual impairment.
See alsoEdit
- Certified Peer Support Specialist
- Family relations
- Friendship
- Friendship network
- Lay community counsellor
- Peer mentoring
- Mentor
- Peer counseling
- Peer relations
- Peer tutoring
- Person centered planning
- Reference groups
- Self-determination
- Self-help
- Self-help groups for mental health
- Significant others
- Social interaction
- Social networks
- Social groups
- Social support
- Tend and befriend
References & BibliographyEdit
- ↑ Shery Mead, David Hilton, Laurie Curtis, "Peer Support: A Theoretical Perspective."
- ↑ Salzer, Mark (2002). Consumer-delivered services as a best practice in mental health care and the development of practice guidelines. Psychiatric rehabilitation skills 6: 355–382..
- ↑ Sarason, I., Levine, H., Basham, R., & Sarason, B. (1983). "Assessing social support: The social support questionnaire." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 127–139.
- ↑ Phyllis Solomon, "Peer support/peer provided services underlying processes, benefits, and critical ingredients." Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 2004;27(4):392-401; issn 1095-158X, doi 10.2975/27.2004.392.401, pmid 15222150
- ↑ Shubert, M., & Borkman, T. (1994). "Identifying the experiential knowledge developed within a self-help group." In T. Powell (Ed.) Understanding the self-help organization. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
- ↑ Salzer, M., & Shear, S. L. (2002). "Identifying consumer-provider benefits in evaluations of consumer-delivered services." Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 25, 281–288.
- ↑ Festinger, L. (1954). "A theory of social comparison processes." Human Relations, 7, 117–140.
- ↑ Riessman, F. (1965). "The 'Helper-therapy' principle." Social Work, 10, 27-32,
- ↑ Skovholt, T M. (1974). "The client as helper: A means to promote psychological growth." Counseling Psychologist, 43, 58-64
- ↑ From Salzer and Shear, S. L. (2002), p. 282.
- ↑ Steve Grbac, "How to implement a 'Peer Support' program in a P-6 School," Scotch College Junior School, Melbourne Australia, June 2008.
- ↑ (2005) Love 'Em or Lose Em: Getting Good People to Stay, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.
- ↑ Helen Cowie, Patti Wallace, Peer Support in Action: From Bystanding to Standing By, Sage Publications Ltd; 1st edition February 2001; ISBN 0-7619-6353-7
- ↑ Sandy Hazouri, Miriam Smith McLaughlin, Peer listening in the middle school: training activities for students. Educational Media Corp., 1991. ISBN 978-0-932796-34-9
- ↑ Chrissan Moldrich and J.D. Carpentieri, "Every school should have one: How peer support schemes make schools better," ChildLine, January 2008, ISBN 0-9524948-8-4.
- ↑ Joel H. Brown, Marianne D'Emidio-Caston, Bonnie Benard, Resilience Education, Corwin Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-7619-7626-4
- ↑ Cheryl Sanders (Editor), Gary D. Phye (Editor), Bullying: Implications for the Classroom, Academic Press; 1st edition May 14, 2004; ISBN 0-12-617955-7.
- ↑ "Creating a Positive Climate: Peer Mediation; What Works in Preventing School Violence."
- ↑ Cremin, Hilary, Peer Mediation: Citizenship and Social Inclusion in Action. Maidenhead: Open University Press, September 2007; ISBN 0-335-22111-4.
- ↑ Thompson, S. M., "Peer mediation: A peaceful solution." School Counselor, 1996, 44:151-154.
- ↑ John DeMarco, Peer helping skills: a leader's guide to training peer helpers and peer tutors for middle and high school. Hazelden Publishing, 1993. ISBN 978-1-56246-090-7
- ↑ Gray, H. D. and J. A. Tindall (1985). Peer counseling: An in-depth look at training peer helpers. Muncie, Ind., Accelerated Development. ISBN 0915202522
- ↑ Ochocka, J., Janzen, R., & Nelson, G. (2002). "Sharing Power and Knowledge: Professional and Mental Health Consumer/Survivor Researchers Working Together in a Participatory Action Research Project." Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 25(4), 379.
- ↑ Shery Mead and Cheryl MacNeil, "Peer Support: What Makes It Unique?", December 2004.
- ↑ Davidson. I., Chinman. M. J.. Kloos. B., Weingarten, R., Stayner. D. A., & Tebes. J. K. (1999). "Peer support among individuals with severe mental illness: A review of the evidence." Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 6(2), 165-187.
- ↑ "Peer Support Research: A Promising New Approach."
- ↑ Jean Campbell and Judy Leaver, "Emerging New Practices in Organized Peer Support," National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors (NASMHPD) and the National Technical Assistance Center for State Mental Health Planning (NTAC), March 2003, p. 17.
- ↑ Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, "What are Peer Recovery Support Services?" HHS Publication No. (SMA) 09-4454. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009.
- ↑ "Questions & Answers on Sponsorship," Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc. 2005, p. 7.
- ↑ Sherman, B. R., L. M. Sanders, et al. (1998). Addiction and pregnancy: empowering recovery through peer counseling. Westport, Conn., Praeger.
- ↑ Colombo Plan Drug Advisory Programme. (2003). Development of family and peer support groups: a handbook on addiction recovery issues. CPDAP, Colombo.
- ↑ Shelley Jones, "The LEAF Program: Peer-led Group CBT," Visions: BC's Mental Health and Addictions Journal, Vol 6, no. 1 2009, pp. 16-17.
- ↑ Pfeiffer PN, Heisler M, Piette JD, Rogers MAM, Valenstein M. "Efficacy of peer support interventions for depression: a meta-analysis." General Hospital Psychiatry, 2011;2011(33):29-36.
- ↑ Carol A. Brownson & Michele Heisler, 2009. "The Role of Peer Support in Diabetes Care and Self-Management," The Patient: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Wolters Kluwer Health; Adis, vol. 2(1), pages 5-17.
- ↑ Michelle Heisler, "Building Peer Support Programs to Manage Chronic Disease: Seven Models for Success," California Healthcare Foundation, December 2006.
- ↑ Peer Support Network, an internet-based peer support service for newly diagnosed cancer patients, cancer survivors and their caregivers.
- ↑ Peer Adherence Support Manual, A Manual for Program Managers and Supervisors of Peer Workers; Harlem Adherence to Treatment Study, Harlem Hospital Peer Support for HIV Treatment Adherence, 2003.
- ↑ AIDS Information Center, Uganda
- ↑ Fidaner C, Eser SY, Parkin DM (2001), Peer to Peer. HIV & AIDS Peer Educators Trainers' Guide for IMPACT Implementing Agencies in Nigeria. Family Health International.
- ↑ BCNS's Breast Cancer Survivor Match Program
- ↑ Rachelle Katz, Daniel I. Cohen and Ronnie M. Hirsh, Cop to Cop: A Peer Support Training Manual for the Law Enforcement Officer, Peer Support Press; 2nd edition, January 1, 2000. ISBN 978-0-9669496-3-6
- ↑ Grauwiler, Peggy; Barocas, Briana; Mills, Linda G, "Police peer support programs: current knowledge and practice," International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 27-38, Winter 2008.
- ↑ Dowdall-Thomae, Cynthia; Culliney, Sean; Piechura, Jeff, "Peer Support Action Plan: Northwest Fire and Rescue," International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 177-184, Summer 2009.
- ↑ Jones, Norma S C; Majied, Kamilah, "Disaster mental health: a critical incident stress management program (CISM) to mitigate compassion fatigue," Journal of Emergency Management, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 17-23, July/August 2009.
- ↑ Hibbard MR, Cantor J, Charatz H, Rosenthal R, Ashman T, Gundersen N, et al. "Peer support in the community: Initial findings of a mentoring program for individuals with traumatic brain injury and their families." The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 2002;17(2):112.
- ↑ Jerry White, I Will Not Be Broken, (published in paperback as Getting Up When Life Knocks You Down,).
- ↑ Ken Rutherford, "Peer-to-Peer Support Vital to Survivors," Journal of ERW and Mine Action, Issue 14.2, Summer 2010, p. 5.
- ↑ Beth Sperber Richie, Angela Ferguson, Zahabia Adamaly, Dalia El-Khoury, Maria Gomez, "Paths to Recovery: Coordinated and Comprehensive Care for Landmine Survivors," Journal of Mine Action Dec 2002, 6.3: 66-69.
- ↑ Project ABLE's Trauma Survivor Peer Support Project in Oregon
- ↑ Josi Salem-Pickartz, 2008: Strengthening community mental health resources by training refugees as peer counsellors – a manual for trainers, Intervention, The War Trauma Foundation and the Al Himaya Foundation for Trauma Recovery, Growth and Resilience.
- ↑ Nancy Baron, On the road to peace of mind War Trauma Foundation, 2009. ISSN 1571–8883.
- ↑ Fearday F.L., Cape A.L., "A voice for traumatized women: inclusion and mutual support." Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 2004 Winter;27(3):258-65.
- ↑ Blanchette, K., Eljdupovic-Guzina, G. (1998). "Results of a pilot study of the Peer Support Program for Women Offenders." Edmonton, Research Branch, Correctional Service of Canada.
- ↑ Vets4Vets, a non-partisan organization dedicated to helping Iraq and Afghanistan-era veterans to heal from the psychological injuries of war through the use of peer support.
- ↑ Statewide Advocacy for Veterans' Empowerment (SAVE)
- ↑ Resnick, Sandra Gail; Rosenheck, Robert A: "Integrating peer-provided services: a quasi-experimental study of recovery orientation, confidence, and empowerment," Psychiatric Services, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 1307-1314, November 2008.
- ↑ The Operational Stress Injury Social Support (OSISS) Program for Canadian Veterans. See also "Evaluation of the OSISS Peer Support Network," Dept. of National Defence and Veterans Affairs Canada, January 2005.
- ↑ Heber, A., Grenier, S., Richardson, D., Darte, K. (2006). "Combining Clinical Treatment and Peer Support: A Unique Approach to Overcoming Stigma and Delivering Care." In Human Dimensions in Military Operations – Military Leaders' Strategies for Addressing Stress and Psychological Support; Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, Canadian Department Of National Defence.
- ↑ Richardson, J. D., K. Darte, et al. (2008). "Operational Stress Injury Social Support: a Canadian innovation in professional peer support." Can Mil J 9: 57-64.
- ↑ Eve Byron, "Helena area is home to 1st 'Military Women to Women Peer Support Group' for those with PTSD," Independent Record, The Billings Gazette, August 3, 2010.
Key textsEdit
Sharp, S., Sellars, S. and Cowie, H. (1995) Time to Listen: setting up a peer-counselling service to help tackle the problem of bullying. Pastoral Care, June 1995
Additional materialEdit
External linksEdit
- Peer Resources, the most comprehensive source for information, research, and practice in peer work
- Support Groups at the Open Directory Project
- Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
- "The Legacy of Peer Support: Reflections on the Fundamental Tensions at the Heart of Peer-Run Programs," By Patricia E. Deegan PhD, July 24, 2006.
- Testing the Efficacy of Peer Support for Recovery Management
- Webcast that describes the evidence base for consumer-operated, delivered, and centered services
- "Emerging New Practices in Organized Peer Support," (2003) a compendium of research studies on peer support in US mental health programs.
- Web site on developing peer support programs for people living with diabetes
- The Amputee Coalition of America's National Peer Network for amputees.
- "Peer Support by Consumers Relieves the Traumas of Disasters and Recovery from Mental Illness," Daniel Fisher, Kay Rote, LaVerne Miller, David Romprey, and Beth Filson.
- Peer Support Australia: dedicated to providing dynamic peer led programs which foster the mental, social and physical wellbeing of young people and their community.
- "Building Peer Support Programs to Manage Chronic Disease: Seven Models for Success," California Healthcare Foundation.
- Peer Helpers in the Sitka Community School System, Alaska.
- "Critical Incident Stress Management: Purpose," Virginia Beach Department of Emergency Medical Services, July 16, 2009.
- The Peer Support Training Institute seeks to help police officers and other public safety personnel reduce stress and diminish the negative emotional effects of this occupation.
- Peer Adherence Support Manual, A Manual for Program Managers and Supervisors of Peer Workers; Harlem Adherence to Treatment Study, Harlem Hospital Peer Support for HIV Treatment Adherence.
- "What Recovery Means to Us," by Shery Mead and Mary Ellen Copeland.
- "Peer Support: A Systemic Approach," by Shery Mead and Cheryl MacNeil.
- "Defining Peer Support," by Shery Mead, March 2003.
- "Peer Support and a Socio-Political Response to Trauma and Abuse," by Shery Mead, October 2001.
- UNICEF Peer Support Training Manual, 2005
- Handbook of Psychosocial Interventions, IFRC 2007
- International Federation of the Red Cross/Red Crescent Reference Centre for Psychosocial Support
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text:
Causes of Halitosis
Veterinarian Reviewed on January 13, 2012 by Paulina Nelega, RH
Posted in Uncategorized
Causes of Halitosis
Halitosis or bad breath is a condition described as having a distinct, foul-smelling breath. It is caused by many factors with poor dental hygiene as one of the most common. It is recommended that a person brushes and flosses his teeth every after a meal but due to a hectic schedule and a busy lifestyle, these hygienic activities are mostly overlooked.
Bad breath is just one of the many oral hygiene problems known but it is one of the usual reasons why a person visits a dentist; other reasons may be for cleaning, filling and many other dental procedures. Halitosis may be easily treated with natural remedies plus regular visits to your dentist; you can prevent this condition from reoccurring. On the other hand, if bad breath is left untreated, it may lead to serious complications and may also lead to poor self esteem and lack of self confidence.
Causes of Halitosis
- Poor dental hygiene is one of the leading causes of halitosis. Not brushing and flossing enough can lead to more food particles stuck in between teeth and gums that may lead to gum infections. Dentures and braces may also harbor bacteria due to food particles stuck between teeth and the appliance.
- Foods that you eat also play an important factor in developing halitosis. Foods that have strong odors like onions and garlic can be ingested and digested in the stomach and colon which still gives a strong smell.
- An unhealthy lifestyle like smoking tobacco, drinking alcohol and taking more caffeine than the usual can all cause bad breath. These chemicals also stain teeth.
- Gum disease or periodontal disease can also cause bad breath as harmful bacteria in the mouth release toxins that irritate gums. Gum disease must be diagnosed and treated immediately to reduce complications.
- Yeast infections also cause bad breath. Yeast can proliferate in the oral cavity when beneficial bacteria are not enough or not present at all.
- Medications used to treat health problems and illnesses may also cause bad breath.
- Dryness in the mouth caused by mouth breathing or a clinical condition may also increase a person's risk of developing bad breath.
- Illnesses also cause halitosis. Upper respiratory tract infections, post nasal drip, diabetes and acid reflux can all cause bad breath to develop and may only be removed after the specific illness is completely treated.
Treatments of Halitosis
A visit to a dental expert is the initial treatment for halitosis.
Your dentist can clean your teeth effectively, educate you on the proper ways to brush and floss plus prescribe medications to reduce infection if necessary.
Natural remedies involve using herbal gargles or taking infusions made from herbs that are known to have astringent and bacteria-fighting properties. A complete lifestyle overhaul is also at hand.
Stop smoking, reduce alcohol and caffeine intake to prevent halitosis form coming back. Avoid foods that can trigger halitosis or gargle with a strong mouthwash after eating them. Visit your dentist regularly to avoid teeth and gum problems that can contribute in developing halitosis.
Suggested Products
Osha Root (Ligusticum porteri)
Our Expert
Paulina Nelega, RH, has been in private practice as a Clinical Herbalist for over 15 years. She has developed and taught courses in herbal medicine, and her articles on health have appeared in numerous publications. She is very passionate about the healing power of nature. Ask Dr. Jan


text: At the Elementary level, children between 3 to 5 years receive an informal introduction to the learning of basic concepts, perception, visual understanding and expression-a process that stimulates creativity and imagination, essentially consistent with their future growth. The programme at this level allows flexibility, self-direction and the ability to pursue individual interests. The transition to the Junior School is both gradual and accommodating; and we believe that the friendly, supportive, yet challenging atmosphere in this section has an interactive nature which encourages the child to both give and receive, and to grow in knowledge and character.As the student continues to inch upwards to the Secondary level, our prime focus is on developing a clear, creative and comprehensive thinking process, learning to transmit ideas, facts and feelings creatively and effectively. We believe that the questions of "why" or "why not" are as important as that of "how"?The overall set-up is large enough to provide the required resources and facilities and yet small enough to have a personalized approach to the primary needs of a child. Our team of dedicated staff constantly ensures close interaction and individual attention and care, since our most important goal is to keep the students at the centre of all that we do.We believe that Sharada Mandir embodies the value of things that endure.


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text:
Modules - Command Format
From Asibot & HOAP3 & TEO Wiki
Revision as of 14:19, 11 June 2010 by Jgvictores (talk | contribs) (→Joint Motion Controllers (JMC))
Module Standard v0.3 - Command Format
|The intention of this standard is to keep internal coherence and compatability with RoboticsLab robot Modules which follow this standard (such as Asibot - Implemented Modules). It corresponds to Module Standard v0.3 and replaces v0.1 and v0.2. It is intended to be a description of module interfaces and data flow representation. Port interface is referred to TCP/UDP/MCAST/SHMEM cloud side, not CAN or USB (that can coexist in hardware-related modules). A referenced list of implemented modules should also be included. Be sure to check the Modules - Dependency Version page too.
Nomenclature: D for double, I for integer, S for string.
Joint Motion Controllers (JMC)
These modules should recieve joint (q) commands. While any q is in movement, a callback should be a set up to be able to receive Stop or Status Poll command. On the other hand, the module should send a message when a command has been performed (w/ info on degree of accomplishment) or stopped.
Module: jmc_name
Port: name_q In: - Stop: "I:-1" - Status poll: "I:0 (S:verb D:verb=0)" - Absolute position: "I:1 S:tag1 D:pos1 ... S:tagn D:posn (S:vgen D:vgen=100)" - Relative position: "I:1 S:tag1 D:pos1 ... S:tagn D:posn (S:vgen D:vgen=100)" - Velocity: "I:3 S:tag1 D:vel1 ... S:tagn D:veln" - Force: "I:4 S:tag1 D:amp1 ... S:tagn D:ampn" - Syncronize: "I:5 S:tag1 D:vel1 ... S:tagn D:veln" Out: - Status response (verb=0): "I:stat S:tag1 D:pos1 ... S:tagn D:posn" Units: Degrees, Percentage of maximum degrees per second, Amperes Example Tags: q1, q2, ..., qn
Implemented JMCs: jmc_rave: A module that instantiates a OpenRAVE kitchen with ASIBOT environment. read more...
Cartesian Motion Controllers (CMC)
Module: cmc_name
Port: name_x In: - Stop: "I:-1" - Status poll: "I:0" - Absolute position (base): "I:1 S:tag1 D:pos1 ... S:tagn D:Qnpos D:Qgenvel" - Relative position (base): "I:2 S:tag1 D:pos1 ... S:tagn D:Qnpos D:Qgenvel" - End-effector position: "I:3 S:tag1 D:pos1 ... S:tagn D:Qnpos D:Qgenvel" Example Tags: x, y, z, roll, pitch, yaw
Module: sns_name
Port: name_info In: - Status poll: "I:0" Out: - Status response: "I:0 S:tag1 D:value1 ... S:tagn D:valuen" Example Tags: accX, accY, accZ, gyrX, gyrY, gyrZ, magX, magY, magZ


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Simply Amazing ! Thats all i can say...........
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Celebrate D.E.A.R. with Ramona all month long in April!
Download The World of Ramona Quimby Teacher's Guide for your classroom or library.
Drop everything and download common core-standardized D.E.A.R. activities.
*All presented in recognition of her lasting contribution to children's literature. In
addition, Mrs. Cleary's books have received more than 35 state awards based on
the direct votes of her young readers.
"Cleary is adept at taking everyday events and making the reader see the humor and delight in simple things. Everyone will want to visit with this old friend."
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"America's favorite author for children…her sharp recollections of the complex feelings of childhood and her ability to relate those feelings in a way that is both humorous and comforting to the reader make her work ever popular with children and adults."
— Joanne Kelly, The Beverly Cleary Handbook
"Who is Beverly Cleary? She is the author who has made books exciting to children – hundreds and thousands and generations of children. How can you repay Beverly Cleary for such an outstanding contribution?"
— Caroline Feller Bauer, Horn Book Magazine
"[Beverly Cleary] has the rare gift of being able to reveal us to ourselves while keeping an arm around our shoulder... Cleary is able to sketch clearly with a few perfect strokes the inexplicable adult world as seen through a child's eyes."
— Katherine Paterson, Washington Post Book World
"[Beverly Cleary's] impact as a children's book writer cannot be overestimated…her sensitive, penetrating awareness of individual children and their needs endures."
— Cathryn M. Mercier, Twentieth-Century Children's Writers
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text:
A datastore often provides ways of constraining the storage of data to maintain relationships and improve performance. These are known as constraints and they come in various forms. These are :-
Many datastores provide the ability to have indexes defined to give performance benefits. With RDBMS the indexes are specified on the table and the indexes to the rows are stored separately. In the same way an ODBMS typically allows indexes to be specified on the fields of the class, and these are managed by the datastore. JDO provides a mechanism for defining indexes, and hence if a developer knows that a particular field is going to be highly used for querying, they can select that field to be indexed in their (JDO) persistence solution. Let's take an example class, and show how to specify this
public class Booking { private int bookingType; ... }
We decide that our bookingType is going to be highly used and we want to index this in the persistence tool. To do this we define the Meta-Data for our class as
<class name="Booking"> <field name="bookingType"> <index name="BOOKING_TYPE_INDEX"/> </field> </class>
This will mean that DataNucleus will create an index in the datastore for the field and the index will have the name BOOKING_TYPE_INDEX (for datastores that support using named indexes). If we had wanted the index to provide uniqueness, we could have made this
<index name="BOOKING_TYPE_INDEX" unique="true"/>
This has demonstrated indexing the fields of a class. The above example will index together all columns for that field. In certain circumstances you want to be able to index from the column point of view. So we are thinking more from a database perspective. Here we define our indexes at the <class> level, like this
<class name="Booking"> <index name="MY_BOOKING_INDEX"> <column name="BOOKING"/> </index> ... </class>
This creates an index for the specified column (where the datastore supports columns i.e RDBMS).
See also :-
Some datastores provide the ability to have unique constraints defined on tables to give extra control over data integrity. JDO provides a mechanism for defining such unique constraints. Lets take the previous class, and show how to specify this
<class name="Booking"> <field name="bookingType"> <unique name="BOOKING_TYPE_CONSTRAINT"/> </field> </class>
So in an identical way to the specification of an index. This example specification will result in the column(s) for "bookingType" being enforced as unique in the datastore. In the same way you can specify unique constraints directly to columns - see the example above for indexes.
Again, as for index, you can also specify unique constraints at "class" level in the MetaData file. This is useful to specify where the composite of 2 or more columns or fields are unique. So with this example
<class name="Booking"> <unique name="UNIQUE_PERF"> <field name="performanceDate"/> <field name="startTime"/> </unique> <field name="performanceDate"/> <field name="startTime"/> </class>
The table for Booking has a unique constraint on the columns for the fields performanceDate and startTime
See also :-
When objects have relationships with one object containing, for example, a Collection of another object, it is common to store a foreign key in the datastore representation to link the two associated tables. Moreover, it is common to define behaviour about what happens to the dependent object when the owning object is deleted. Should the deletion of the owner cause the deletion of the dependent object maybe ? Lets take an example
public class Hotel { private Set rooms; ... } public class Room { private int numberOfBeds; ... }
We now want to control the relationship so that it is linked by a named foreign key, and that we cascade delete the Room object when we delete the Hotel . We define the Meta-Data like this
<class name="Hotel"> <field name="rooms"> <collection element-type="com.mydomain.samples.hotel.Room"/> <foreign-key name="HOTEL_ROOMS_FK" delete-action="cascade"/> </field> </class>
So we now have given the datastore control over the cascade deletion strategy for objects stored in these tables. Please be aware that JDO2 provides Dependent Fields as a way of allowing cascade deletion. The difference here is that Dependent Fields is controlled by DataNucleus, whereas foreign key delete actions are controlled by the datastore (assuming the datastore supports it even)
DataNucleus provides an extension that can give significant benefit to users. This is provided via the PersistenceManagerFactory datanucleus.rdbms.constraintCreateMode . This property has 2 values. The default is DataNucleus which will automatically decide which foreign keys are required to satisfy the relationships that have been specified, whilst utilising the information provided in the MetaData for foreign keys. The other option is JDO2 which will simply create foreign keys that have been specified in the MetaData file(s).
Note that the foreign-key for a 1-N FK relation can be specified as above, or under the element element. Note that the foreign-key for a 1-N JoinTable relation is specified under field for the FK from owner to join table, and is specified under element for the FK from join table to element table.
In the special case of application-identity and inheritance there is a foreign-key from subclass to superclass. You can define this as follows
<class name="MySubClass"> <inheritance> <join> <foreign-key name="ID_FK"/> </join> </inheritance> </class>
See also :-
In RDBMS datastores, it is accepted as good practice to have a primary key on all tables. You specify in other parts of the MetaData which fields are part of the primary key (if using applicatioin identity), or you define the name of the column DataNucleus should use for the primary key (if using datastore identity). What these other parts of the MetaData don't allow is specifying the constraint name for the primary key. You can specify this if you wish, like this
<class name="Booking"> <primary-key name="BOOKING_PK"/> ... </class>
When the schema is generated for this table, the primary key will be given the specified name, and will use the column(s) specified by the identity type in use.
In the case where you have a 1-N/M-N relation using a join table you can specify the name of the primary key constraint used as follows
<class name="Hotel"> <field name="rooms"> <collection element-type="com.mydomain.samples.hotel.Room"/> <join> <primary-key name="HOTEL_ROOM_PK"/> </join> </field> </class>
This creates a PK constraint with name "HOTEL_ROOM_PK".
See also :-


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Welcome to Mikord's portal site! You can find information relating to MSBT here.
I hope this portal will give you an easy way to provide feedback and bug reports. Thanks to the folks at WoWI for providing such a great portal site.
MSBT 5.6.x Series Released!
07-22-11 05:58 PM by:
The MSBT 5.6.x series is now available.
New feature overview:
Added support for item cooldowns:
Created new event for customizable item cooldown notifications.
Added Item Cooldown Complete to the available trigger events.
Added Item ID and Item Name condition handling for the main trigger events that support them.
Cooldown exclusions now accept skill IDs, item names, and item IDs in addition to skill names.
Added monochrome, monochrome + thin, and monochrome + thick to available outline font settings for pixel font lovers.
Modified the custom font and sound validation routines to work with arbitrary case extensions.
Changed custom font validation error message to a more descriptive message when the font can't be set versus the more generic ttf message.
MSBT 5.5.105 Released!
06-29-11 10:00 AM by:
MSBT 5.5.105 is now available for WoW Patch 4.2.
Modified combat event log parsers to work with the changes in Patch 4.2 without extra indirection.
Changed Traditional Chinese default font by yleaf.
Updated Simplified and Traditional Chinese translations from yleaf.
Updated TOC for Patch 4.2.
MSBT 5.5.79 Released!
10-14-10 09:14 PM by:
MSBT 5.5.79 is now available for Patch 4.0.1.
What's new?
The main changes are updates to support some of the new elements including holy power and soul shards, removal of skills that no longer exist, and updates to skill IDs that have changed.
Also, be aware that Blizzard has removed the ability to play the .wav file format in the latest version and instead added the capability to play .ogg files. The game still supports .mp3 files. MSBT has been updated accordingly to remove the ability to add .wav files and allow .ogg files to be added. If your custom sounds aren't playing, they are most likely .wav files.
Updated for Patch 4.0.1 / Cataclysm Pre-launch:
Updated supported power types to include soul shards and holy power.
Modified power change detection logic to use new event.
Removed soul shard created notification since it is now considered a power gain.
Removed "hyper regen" option since there are no longer any skills that utilize it.
Removed the following triggers since they no longer apply: Frostbite
Modified several skill IDs to reflect their new values.
Removed .wav files from the supported sound formats in the custom media sound dialog since WoW no longer supports playing .wav files.
Added support for .ogg files to the custom media sound dialog.
MSBT 5.4.70 Released!
12-08-09 01:55 PM by:
MSBT 5.4.70 is now available for Patch 3.3.
What's new?
The main changes are a couple of options to control merging behavior. The first is the ability to prevent normal melee swings from being merged. The second is the ability to disable the merge trailer that is shown after merged events (e.g. [10 Hits, 3 Crits]).
Trigger changes include the ability to detect refreshed auras and a default trigger for Predator's Swiftness.
Finally, some code optimization and updates for API changes in Patch 3.3 were made along with treating HoT crit events like other crits (sticky style, crit font settings, etc).
New feature overview:
Added an option to disable regular melee swings from being merged.
Added an option to hide the merge trailer that is shown when multiple events are merged.
Added Aura Refresh to the available trigger events.
Added a default trigger for Predator's Swiftness.
Optimized font validation logic to reduce CPU usage.
Updated HoT crit events to behave like crits as intended.
Changed Desecration from the skill ID removed Patch 3.3 (fixes message regarding removed skill ID 63595).
Updated Russian translations from StingerSoft.
Updated Simplified and Traditional Chinese translations from yleaf.
Updated Korean translations from chkid.
Updated TOC for Patch 3.3.
MSBT 5.4.x Series Released!
04-14-09 10:07 AM by:
The MSBT 5.4.x series is now available for Patch 3.1.x.
What's new?
The main changes are a new in-game custom media editor, a highly configurable loot alerting system, and changes to support new events and features introduced in Patch 3.1.
The new custom media editor allows your custom media to persist between game sessions, version upgrades, and profile resets. It is no longer necessary to update lua files every time you get a new version of MSBT. In light of this new system, logic has also been put in place to ensure invalid or removed fonts won't cause errors. Instead the default font will be used.
The loot alerting system provides a count of the total number of the looted item you have in inventory, item quality coloring, and the optional capability to display how many of the items were looted. It also has a full suite of filtering options such as specifying which qualities (poor, uncommon, epic, etc) are shown, choosing to always show quest items, specifying which items should always be shown, and specifying which items should be excluded.
Some changes implemented to support Patch 3.1 include removal of skills and triggers that are no longer available, a new event for DoT crits since they can crit now, and a trigger exception for selectively displaying triggers based on the currently active spec of the new dual spec feature.
New feature overview:
Created an in-game editor for managing custom media the persists between game sessions, version upgrades, and profile resets. Remember that the media files must already exist before WoW is started or they can't be used.
Added a new loot alerting system with several filtering options and inventory counting functionality.
Created new events for incoming and outgoing periodic damage (DoT) crits.
Added an active talents trigger exception so triggers can be selectively displayed depending on the active spec of the new dual spec feature.
Removed references to skills and triggers that are no longer available.
Updated for Patch 3.1.
And more...
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I picked up one of these lovely ex BBC broadcast misers on eBay for a song the other day. Of course there is no technical data with it. Looking for schematics, block diagrams etc please. Any info gratefully received.
I have contacted the manufacturer but since these were made over 30 years ago I am not hopeful.


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Voicemail connects employees and students across all LCC campuses and great distances. While our Cisco phone system handles the calls, Office 365 actually answers the calls to VM in addition to playing the VM greetings and delivering the actual VM messages.
Information Technology Services
Technology and Learning Center, Room 123
Phone: (517) 483-1755
Additional contact information »


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In May 1965 to mark the 25th anniversary of 'Operation Dynamo' Raymond Baxter the famous radio and TV presenter organised and assembled a fleet of 43 of the original Little Ships of Dunkirk to return to Dunkirk to commemorate the epic of the evacuation of the BEF in 1940, in which they played such a significant role. It was decided that such a unique assembly should not be allowed to disperse into obscurity and the Association of Dunkirk Little Ships was subsequently formed in 1966. The object of the Association is to keep alive the spirit of Dunkirk by perpetuating for posterity the identity of those Little Ships that went to the aid of the British Expeditionary Force during Operation Dynamo (the evacuation of Dunkirk) in 1940 by forming a registered association of their present-day owners and of those closely associated.
Qualification for full membership is simple; the current ownership of a proven Dunkirk Little Ship. Membership wins the right for that vessel to wear the Association's warranted House Flag, the Cross of St George (the flag of the Admiralty) defaced with the Arms of Dunkirk.
Little Ships are also entitled to display a plaque marked 'DUNKIRK 1940'.
Over 100 Little Ships are presently represented by members of the Association.
The Association organises several meetings 'on the water' each year where the Little Ships may be seen and appreciated by the public. Every 5 years the Little Ships, supported by the Royal Navy, return under their own power to Dunkirk. Considering the youngest Little Ship is now over 75 years old, this is no small undertaking.
In 2008 the Association was privileged to have HRH Prince Michael of Kent GCVO accept the invitation to become the Association's Honorary Admiral.
Follow us on Twitter https://twitter.com/#!/Dunkirk_Ships


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The joint programme with the Central American Bank for Economic Integration will enable more than $500 million of investment in projects in six central American countries: Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Panama.
EIB vice president Magdalena Álvarez Arza said: "Considerable investment is needed to harness the potential of renewable energy and more efficient energy use to reduce carbon emissions and provide energy essential for economic growth.
"The EIB is committed to supporting long-term investment in sustainable energy around the world and enabling low-carbon energy investment in Central America."
The new programme follows a similar initiative launched in 2011 between the two investment banks which is supporting hydropower investment in Costa Rica.
Of the countries set to receive the cash, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica currently have installed wind capacity, with Costa Rica leading the way, with 152MW in place.


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Hitflix says they know what happens to the Hulk in the final act of Avengers: Age of Ultron. This could be a rumor, or it could be a spoiler, but if it's true, it has some major ramifications for Phase 3 of the Marvel cinematic universe.
Supposedly, the Hulk will become trapped in a quinjet at the end of Age of Ultron, and shot sent into space, a la the Planet Hulk storyline (although it almost certainly will be a trap engineered by Ultron, and not a massive betrayal by Iron Man, as per the comics). Now, Mark Ruffalo has very recently scoffed at the idea of a Planet Hulk movie, and with good reason, but that doesn't mean that Marvel couldn't or wouldn't still use the idea of sending the Hulk off-planet for a future film.
Hitflix has a theory about where the Hulk could be going:
Here's where I'd wager his spaceship is headed: wherever the Guardians of the Galaxy are located. If I was a betting man, I'd say there will be no Hulk solo film as part of Phase Three. Instead, Banner's ship will take him to another planet, where he will end up meeting the Guardians and having an adventure with them. Hulk will definitely come out to play a few times. I suspect we'll see some sequences that very much feel like they're part of the Planet Hulk story, but that the larger story will be about the Guardians finding a way to get Banner home, only to end up going with him. That would move a big piece of the puzzle into place to get Thanos looking back at the Earth in time for the third "Avengers" film.
Hmm. It's plausible, and sending the Hulk to hang with the Guardians would be a great way to tie them more directly to the Marvel movie-verse and bring them into Avengers 3. Besides, Marvel hasn't seemed interested in doing another Hulk solo at all, but combining Planet Hulk with the Guardians of the Galaxy would take care of that rather nicely. And I think it still tracks with Ruffalo's denial that Marvel is doing Planet Hulk, since technically it would be a Guardians of the Galaxy film, although Ruffalo would have to know he's being extremely disingenuous. It seems like something he'd do.
But I'm not sure how I feel about this. Imagining Mark Ruffalo's Bruce Banner hanging out with Star-Lord just feels wrong somehow. Maybe we could just have a Science Bros. movie instead?


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Miley Cyrus Onstage in Revealing Outfit | Pictures
Miley Cyrus Shows Serious Skin on Stage
Miley Cyrus wore a revealing outfit Saturday to take the stage in LA. She teamed up with DJ Borgore for what was dubbed the "Christmas Creampies" show at the Henry Fonda Theatre. Miley and Borgore have worked together before, having collaborated on the song "Decisions." Miley appeared at 1:30 a.m. to an excited crowed, with Borgore announcing, "Are you ready for my special guest?"
Miley's costumes featured strategic cutouts, but she shared the stage with a woman, a stripper, wearing considerably less! Miley polished off her look with knee-high boots and a body chain. It seems the excitement from the appearance hasn't worn down quite yet for Miley. She tweeted this morning, "5:20 am. Can't sleep."


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PHP Security Consortium
Founded in January 2005, the PHP Security Consortium (PHPSC) is an international group of PHP experts dedicated to promoting secure programming practices within the PHP community. Members of the PHPSC seek to educate PHP developers about security through a variety of resources, including documentation, tools, and standards. [more...]
PHP Security Consortium work is organized into projects. These projects can consist of documentation, utilities, and any other resources that promote the Consortium's mission.
Each month, we select a noteworthy project as our Project Spotlight. We also announce new projects and new releases of existing projects as they are completed.
In an effort to highlight sound security practices in PHP development, we publish articles that exhibit a high level of quality and accuracy. These articles can be written by members of the general PHP community but are subject to Consortium approval.
We also host a Library that contains links to approved external resources.


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Everybody who was Anybody: A Biography of Gertrude Stein
Doubleday, 1989 - 243 pagina's
The fascinating story of Gertrude Stein, the public personality, the private person, and the deeply serious writer. From her childhood in Pennsylvania through her rise in the world of art, this unique biography examines the life of this remarkable woman.
Vanuit het boek
20 pagina's komen overeen met Sherwood Anderson in dit boek
Resultaten 1-3 van 20
Wat mensen zeggen - Een review schrijven
LibraryThing ReviewGebruikersrecensie - michaelbartley - LibraryThing
I enjoyed reading and learning about this remarkable woman. she was at the start of the modern painting and literature. he had an influence on 20th century culture and she live a very radical life without making it a issue. she was someone that lived our life and her values Volledige review lezen
Being the Youngest
Knowledge Is What You Know
What Are Masterpieces?
10 andere gedeelten niet weergegeven
Overige edities - Alles weergeven
Everybody who was anybody: a biography of Gertrude Stein, Volume 1
Janet Hobhouse
Fragmentweergave - 1975
Everybody who was anybody: a biography of Gertrude Stein, Volume 1
Janet Hobhouse
Fragmentweergave - 1975
Veelvoorkomende woorden en zinsdelen
Alice Toklas American André Salmon Apollinaire artists audience Autobiography of Alice Baltimore Belley Berenson Bilignin Braque Califomia called Carl Van Vechten Cézanne Cubism difficult early Edith Sitwell English Everybody's Autobiography everything father feel figure finally find fine finished first five flat Ford Four Saints France French friends Gallup genius Gertrude and Alice Gertrude began Gertrude Stein Gertrude wrote Gertrude's halve rivers Hemingway Ibid Idem important influence interest Juan Gris knew later wrote leam lecture Leo Stein Leo's letter listen literary look Mabel Dodge Mabel Weeks Marie Laurencin Matisse Melanctha Miss Stein never novel once opera painters painting Picasso poetry Portraits published remember rivers and harbours Rogers rue de Fleurus Salon seen Sherwood Anderson significance soon story Sylvia Beach talk tell Tender Buttons thing thought Three Lives Toklas told trude Virgil Thomson words written York young


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Are you an Internal Medicine provider with a strong entrepreneurial spirit? Does practice autonomy with strong infrastructure and support/mentorship intrigue you? Do you want to make a difference in the lives of your patients through excellent clinical outcomes? If so, we want to chat with you! Dignity Health St. Joseph's Westgate Medical Center, in partnership with a well-established Internal Medicine community group, invites you to consider Phoenix as your next location to live, practice and play!
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School Districts:
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Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/pg/CityofPhoenixAZ/about/
Apply Now
© PA Orthopaedic Society510 North Third StreetHarrisburg, PA 17101 p: 717-909-8901 | f: 717-909-8906


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Discussions about eggcorns and related topics
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Registrations are currently closed because of a technical problem. Please send email to
The forum administrator reserves the right to request users to plausibly demonstrate that they are real people with an interest in the topic of eggcorns. Otherwise they may be removed with no further justification. Likewise, accounts that have not been used for posting may be removed.
Thanks for your understanding.
Chris -- 2018-04-11
The Phoenicians gave us the alphabet, purple fabrics, and Carthage – so why not those thingamajobbers that hang in front of the windows, too? Examples:
Sliding window with Phoenician blinds
http://www.klil.co.il/Klil_English/Site … =27&fid=59
We ought to go home this morning and let down our Phoenician blinds and fall on our faces in shame and humiliation before God.
On Friday, for example, I decided that it was high time to clean all the phoenician blinds in the house – in the rain!!
http://im-sbi.net/~chewbacca/2001/12/im … t-man.html
And in this case, not my PC operating system, the quartzy glass "Window" variety that keeps the
bugs, rain, wind, intruders & aliens out & is the leading reason why Shades, Curtains & Phoenician Blinds are so popular these Days.
There's also a business in Glendale, Arizona called "Phoenician Blinds & Draperies" (http://phoenix.citysearch.com/profile/1706033/). Since Glendale is essentially a large suburb of Phoenix, we're most likely dealing with a pun rather than an unselfconscious eggcorn.
Phoenician blinds definitely needs to be brought to the top for more delectation. Going a bit farther afield you might find the following alien malaprop dressing someone's windows.
A unnatural white light softly streamed through yellowed and dusty venusian blinds from the streetlight that illuminates the back courtyard of my building.
My venusian blinds are somehow broken too, and I can't lower them. My neighbour across the road is facing right in my window and has been STANDING up the entire time. I don't know if he does this every day or if its a special christian day or something (he's a gone again christian)
http://www.zoklet.net/bbs/archive/index … 36044.html
I was able to identify certain Film Noir characteristics such as Venusian blinds, these are used to block out the realism of reality from outside
http://mediacrewnerds.blogspot.ca/2012/ … lysed.html
It's just as illegal anywhere in the US to display your jumblies in front of a huge window where someone could see it from the street.
But apparently they don't own any venusian blinds in this town.
http://www.fark.com/comments/1275049/Go … -own-house
What about "Vanishing Blinds"? A lot of the hits are from India, so many that it might be standard. One example:
http://trade.indiamart.com/details.mp?offer=2381683773Walmart is also prepared for this reworking:
On the plain in Spain where it mainly rains.
"Vanishing" for "Venetian" rings the semantic bell. They do sort of vanish when turned parallel to sight lines.
Hatching new language, one eggcorn at a time.
If you say vÁnetian rather than venÉtian, you're there. The semantics work, as kem says, which is more than can be said for Venusian! Though I think Venusian blinds is a sublime find.
On the plain in Spain where it mainly rains.
Venusian blinds sound otherworldly, but I'm pretty sure it's not an eggcorn. Google offers Venusian as the second choice alternative spelling for Venesian, so it's more along the lines of cupertino of the month.


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They Call Me Blessed
Help & Encouragement for Homeschool Moms.
April 21, 2016 9 Comments
This blog is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com and also a participant of Google AdSense. That means that I make a small commission from any purchases you might make by clicking on one or more of these links. This helps to support this blog and my family. Thanks for your support! Ana.
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