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Check out the related story: Office Holiday Gifts: Who To Include, How Much To Spend And What To Buy
When it comes to the end of the year, one of the more anxiety-provoking etiquette traditions we face is tipping.
After all, we want to show appreciation for a job well done to the people who help keep our lives running smoothly. Plus, tipping appropriately can't hurt to ensure continued good work going forward.
As Jodi R. R. Smith, of Mannersmith Etiquette Consulting, put it, "In our culture, there are certain jobs that fall into the tipping range and when you use these people to help make your life easier all year round and you don't tip them, what you're saying is that you don't appreciate them, and some resentment can build going forward."
But like the perpetual Goldilocks question, how much is too little, how much too much and what's just right? And who should you include and exclude?
Here are the guidelines on who to tip, how to tip and how much. Assuming that this tipping is within your budget (in fact, not being able to afford year-end tips could be a sign you can't afford the services themselves), Smith says, "When in doubt, be more generous than less. Usually the people you're tipping are working incredibly hard to make ends meet, so be generous."
1. The three groups of people you should tip are the people who help you with your dependents, those who provide you personal services, and the people who help maintain your home.
Examples of people who help you with your dependents are babysitters, other child care workers, dog walkers, etc. Those who offer you personal services include your hair dresser, manicurist, personal trainer, etc. And the people who help you with your home are your housecleaner, newspaper delivery person, lawn care worker, etc.
2. Tip anyone who helps you year-round the cost of one session.
For instance, if you go to the hairdresser every month and one cut costs $100, you'll tip her $100. If you pay your dog walker $50/week, then the year-end tip would be $50.
For people whose services you use less often, tip them less by the same amount. So, for instance, if you go to the hairdresser every three or four months, then tip $25-$30 instead (or give a gift of that value).
3. If you don't know how much to tip, ask around.
In the case of a doorman or anyone for whom the guideline of "the tip is the cost of one service" won't apply, get some intel from others. Maybe you're new to a city city or to your building. Do some reconnaissance with your neighbors, to see in what range they tip.
4. Keep a spreadsheet so you remember how much you tip from year to year.
This document will also help ensure that you don't miss anyone at year's end.
5. Ideally, you want to write a sincere card, insert some crisp bills and hand everything over in person while looking them in the eye and saying thank you.
Because the holidays are a busy time, you may not be able to do this for everyone, such as the newspaper delivery person who comes by at 5am, or the mail person who swings around while you're at work. However, at least write the card saying something, like, "I could not own a dog if I didn't know you were taking such good care of my dog while I'm at work," or otherwise expressing your appreciation. If you can't hand deliver your gift, then write a check and mail it.
6. If you're having an off year and can't give cash tips, explain.
"Put in a card explaining how much you appreciate them and allude to how it's a financially difficult year for you now," says Smith. "Say, 'I would have loved to give you a cash gift again this year, but instead I want to express my sincere gratitude and give you this token of my appreciation.' So they know it's not something they did."
Then, when you're more financially stable, at a later holiday, like Valentine's Day or the Fourth of July, tip them then with a note saying, "I just wanted to thank you for being understanding during the holidays."
As for the tokens you can give in lieu of a cash gift, don't be tempted to regift. Choose items that will still be appreciated — like gourmet goodies if you're a fantastic baker or something personalized like a subscription to their favorite magazine or a $10 gift card to
7. Be sure you know who not to tip.
Certain professions are not allowed to accept cash tips, such as the mail carrier and sometimes garbage collectors or teachers. For others, it would be a faux pas to send a cash tip, like for professionals such as doctors, dentists, plumbers or electricians. For these people, send a gift instead.
How Much To Tip Each Person
Those Who Help You With Your Dependents
Nanny/au pair: One week's salary, and for every year they've been with you, a little bit more.
Also, have the kids give small gifts, such as a cell phone case — or, if you really like the nanny, a new cell phone. Or, go with a gift that fits their personality, like a sporty present if they're sporty. Also, ask your child what they think the nanny wants— perhaps he or she has overheard something useful.
Babysitter: The cost of 1-2 nights' sitting, based on usage. If you only use the sitter once a month for two hours, then $20 at the end of the year is fine. But if you hire them for five hours every Saturday night, then give them $50-$60. "Good babysitters and good nannies are hard to find, so if you like them, be generous," says Smith.
Daycare provider: This is a bit tricker. At some day cares, everyone chips in to one pot of money. At others, you can give a gift but no cash to teachers. Smith advises finding out who is actually taking care of your child at the daycare and giving a gift of about $20 per teacher if, say, two providers split the teaching equally. If there's one provider who primarily takes care of your child, give him or her the biggest gift.
At one daycare, Smith coordinated the gift by finding out how many hours each provider worked and dividing the money accordingly so that the providers who worked the longest hours received the most money.
Home health care aide: One week's pay if they've been with you the whole year. Half a week's pay if they've been with you half the year.
Dog walker/cat sitter: The cost of one service, such as one week of dog walking.
Personal Services
First, check if this person owns the business or not. If they are the owner, don't give them an end-of-year tip. They should already be charging appropriately for their services. Give a small gift and send them new clients.
Hair stylist: The cost of one session, especially if you go monthly. If you use their services every three or four months, give them the cost of one service divided by three or four.
Personal trainer: The price of one session.
Massage therapist: Assuming you see them twice a month, the cost of one session, scaled according to how often you see them.
Manicurist: Assuming you go twice a month, the cost of one session.
Home Services
Housekeeper: What you pay them for a weekly session, and more if they don't come every week, since the additional grime makes it harder to clean each time. Boost accordingly for every year you've had this cleaner, or give them a gift. For instance, if your housekeeper is from a foreign country, a prepaid international phone card could be a good gift. Or, go with a personalized gift: If you know your housekeeper is in need a winter coat, give that along with the gift receipt if they want to exchange it.
Doorman: Depends on your building — could be anywhere from $20 to $1,000. If it's a a 4th-story walkup with a doorman available from 9-5, your tip will be on the lower end. "If this is 24/7 concierge, where they're bringing up your groceries and walking your dog, you'll be tipping a lot more," says Smith. "But for most people you'll be in the $20-$50 range." For doormen with whom you have a good relationship, add in a small gift, like a chocolate bar for the doorman with a sweet tooth.
Super: Anywhere from $20-$100 depending on the kind of building and how much you've used the super this year. If you're in a luxury building, the tip would be more in the $200-$300 range.
Handyman: $20-$50, with tips on the higher end being used for people who helped you out more, like the person who left their family on Thanksgiving to fix your overflowing toilet. Also, take into account your lifestyle. If you live modestly in a small town, you'll tip less than someone living in downtown Manhattan.
Garage attendant: $20-$300 depending on the type of car and your use. If you're driving a Honda and you're in the Midwest, something in the lower end of the scale is fine. If you're driving a Maserati and live in LA, you'll want to tip more since your car requires more care. Ratchet it up if you're using the car more than once a day, and ratchet it down if your car mostly sits there all year.
Garbage collector: Depends on your municipality. In some places, sanitation people are city workers and so are prohibited from receiving tips; check your city's website to find out. If that's not the case, Smith recommends $20 per person. If you can't hand the tip to them personally because they come at hours when you are not at home, find the collection site, call to find out their names and mail your tip as a check, or drop it off in person so you can give cash. If you live in a big apartment building where you never see the garbage collector, you can ask the doorman to hand them a gift card to, say, Dunkin' Donuts.
Yard worker/landscaper: $20 per worker who plows your snow, trims your trees and bushes, collects leaves in the fall, etc.
Mail carrier: The United States Post Service prohibits them from receiving cash tips, but you can give a gift equivalent such as a gift certificate to a local restaurant, iTunes gift cards, etc., not to exceed $20.
Newspaper delivery person: $60, which is a little more than a dollar a week. If they come at an hour when you're not up, call the newspaper to ask where you can mail your tip, which you should send by check.
Related: Office Holiday Gifts: Who To Include, How Much To Spend And What To Buy
I'm a crypto/blockchain journalist and host of the Unchained and Unconfirmed podcasts. I'm working on a book about the history of the crypto space to be published by…
I'm a crypto/blockchain journalist and host of the Unchained and Unconfirmed podcasts. I'm working on a book about the history of the crypto space to be published by PublicAffairs/Hachette. As a former senior editor of Forbes, I was the first mainstream reporter to cover crypto assets full-time. I graduated Phi Beta Kappa with Honors from Stanford University and have a master of arts from Columbia University's School of Journalism. Sign up for my crypto newsletter at https://unchainedpodcast.com.


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I'm planning a road trip from Salt Lake City to Memphis. What are the important stops along the way, places to see places to avoid? Good food, and places to camp overnight
I think a lot depends on the route you decide to take. Trippy has one option through Nebraska. If you go the northern route, then dip down, maybe stop over in Omaha if you're interested in Warren Buffett's town, and get some BBQ in Kansas City (Kansas) and Memphis.
The other option is to take a longer, more southern route via Dallas perhaps. That would be a totally different path if you prefer to go through Santa Fe and then up through Little Rock. I think a lot depends on which direction you know better close to your starting point in Salt Lake City.
Weather could also be a factor if you're camping overnight. I would probably also research the RV sites to determine if there are particular stops that are better. If you're doing the southern route, you can adjust the Trippy planner to plan a road trip from SLC to Memphis via Dallas.
Personally, I think it might be a more interesting drive going south if you have time to explore.
Mentioned in this answer:
Mentioned in this answer:

subset: commoncrawl


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Honduran Countryside
In my last post, I showed you some sites from the city of Tegucigalpa from my trip in November. I had the chance to leave the city a couple times to visit a school and coffee plantation in a cloud forest, as well as going to my friends' wedding at a beautiful place called Casa Blanca in the village of Santa Lucia. I've also included a few personal photos at the end since the focus of my trip was more on people than places and I wanted to share a little bit of the great time I had with some of my favorite people who happen to live in Honduras. 🙂


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Welcome to Steve's CaringBridge Site
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10 Unbelievably Easy & Actionable Tips On Crushing Q4
It's that time of year again - the End of the Year.
Don't be taken by surprise by lower than normal production numbers, or be caught off guard when your back is up against the wall to hit quota, bonuses and incentives at the end of the year.
I have NEVER missed a quarterly or yearly bonus in my sales career and have developed some strategies you can use right now to close out your year strong.
This online course is packed with 10 HIGHLY ACTIONABLE tips and the ultimate referral script that you can use to ensure that you crush your quota, hit your incentives and cash in on that year-end bonus check.
The clock is ticking on your year.
Make the most of it right now, and I'll help you every step of the way.
Sales has evolved. Have you?
Time to Crush Q4 is Running Out
$186,929.82 <--
I remember when my year end bonus check hit my account.
Over the last 14 years as a salesperson, I've documented my successes and recorded the exact strategies that worked for me to hit checks like this one.
Know Exactly Where You Stand
How to Overcome Quota Deficit
Reverse Prospecting
End of the Year Follow Up
The Ultimate Q4 Referral Script
Year End Activity Levels
Other Creative Year-End Solutions
Jordan Stupar is an expert in Sales Development. With over 14 years of commission-only sales experience and a top 1% income earner, Jordan has a track record for success and is eager to help others take their sales game to the next level.
Don't wait until next year to start learning how to close more deals.
Sales has evolved. Have you?


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Everyone is busy and sometimes you do need to push off a meeting or an email; totally acceptable. However, Windows 7 users are running out of time. Windows 7 will officially begin the 'End of Life' phase on January 14, 2020. Microsoft has roadmaps for all of its products and for Windows 7 it is coming to an end.
What does this mean for the Windows 7 user?
No More Security Updates!
When Microsoft stops "supporting" an Operating System it means that they will stop issuing any new security updates for the operating system. Since there will be no more security updates issued after January 14, 2020, the Windows 7 machines on your network will become security risks to your entire network. You are probably running anti-virus software, but anti-virus tools are never perfect and hackers will do everything to exploit vulnerabilities on networks with security holes.
What are My Options?
Unless you have a new computer loaded with Windows 7, you are probably running an older machine. With all of the new smaller faster computers available today it is recommended that older computers be replaced and upgraded to Windows 10. Since it typically takes longer to upgrade older equipment, if you can replace older computers you'll not only save time, you'll also benefit from working on a new PC that can last you years.
We understand that there is a cost to upgrading and replacing computers and want to make sure companies are planning for this so budgets can be assigned. Don't wait until New Year's Day to begin the process of upgrading your network. If you have questions or would like ACS to assist with an upgrade plan please contact Chris Mackin email@example.com or any team member at 508-238-6334. We would be happy to assist.


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Marion Cotillard's Chic Maternity Style
Check out all of the star's best maternity style moments in our gallery.
February 13, 2017
The style star showed off her growing baby bump in a distressed black T-shirt that featured too cool long lace sleeves at the premiere of her film Rock'n Roll in Paris. She paired the statement top with skinny black trousers, matching heels, and a bold cuff bracelet.
December 13, 2016
The expectant star wowed in at a long dark gown that she topped off with an embroidered satin cape and a dark berry lip color at a screening of Assassin's Creed in New York City.
December 13, 2016
Cotillard looked effortlessly cool in a baby bump-hugging striped top, black skinny trousers, colorblock sandals, and an oversize puffer coat while out and about in the Big Apple.
December 12, 2016
The star was seen in New York City between press events wearing a blue top and black leather pants with a coordinating coat and boots.
December 8, 2016
At a photocall in London for her movie Assassin's Creed, the pregnant actress wowed in a silver sequined top and leather leggings that she topped off with a unique lace-trimmed blazer. She completed her outfit with chic black sandals and a berry-colored lip.
December 7, 2016
The expectant star turned heads in a flowing white collared blouse, skinny black trousers, and coordinating black-and-white pumps at an Assassin's Creed press event in Spain. She topped her winning look off with a bold red lip color.
December 5, 2016
The actress attended a photocall for her film Assassin's Creed at a hotel in Paris wearing a gorgeous oversize striped dress that featured structured shoulders and a midi length. She accessorized with black patent boots, dazzling statement earrings, and a silver watch.
November 28, 2016
The chic star headed Down Under to promote Assassin's Creed, her latest film with co-star Michael Fassbender. Cotillard's artful Audra stunner featured colorful embroidery against a sheer backdrop, with long sleeves and a billowing skirt. White horn shades completed her ensemble.
November 21, 2016
The actress attended the U.K. premiere of Allied in a custom Stella McCartney LBD with a flattering waist seam that concealed her baby bump, a lower thigh-grazing length, and silk train back. Gold mirror pumps and teardrop-accented Chopard earrings completed the ensemble.
November 20, 2016
Cotillard dressed her blossoming baby bump in a crimson one-shoulder Dior dress for the Allied premiere in Paris. The radiant free-flowing gown featured a single long sleeve and a modest knee-grazing slit and hinted subtly at the actress's changing silhouette beneath it.
November 16, 2016
The expectant star wowed at the 2016 Guggenheim International Pre-Party in a wow-worthy velvet Dior dress and black latex thigh-high boots.
November 16, 2016
Cotillard hit the streets of New York City in a sunny yellow oversize hoodie and red gingham dress that covered her baby bump. She topped the look off with cherry red cowboy boots.
November 16, 2016
The actress was snapped in the Big Apple wearing a flowing black top, leather skirt, and camel coat. Black accessories finished off her winning outfit.
November 16, 2016
The actress glowed in a lip-print sweater, black Seraphine trousers, a furry gray sweater, and Linda Farrow sunnies while hitting the city streets.
November 15, 2016
Cotillard proved her mastery of maternity style at a screening of Allied in stripes on stripes—a high-contrast satin top and sequined pencil skirt—against a plain black top and with ankle-strap sandals.
November 10, 2016
The actress hit the red carpet at InStyle and the Hollywood Foreign Press Association's 2017 Miss Golden Globes bash in a fringe-covered black minidress crazy gold cowboy boots.
November 9, 2016
Sophisticated, sleek, and pregnancy-friendly, the flattering cut of Cotillard's minimalist gown didn't need crazy embellishments or bright colors to stand out at an Allied fan event in Los Angeles.
October 10, 2016
The star delivered her signature French-girl sophistication at the Paris premiere of Mal de Pierres in a black mock-neck shift, a red lip, and stacked pumps. She added black fishnets to give her look a slightly edgy look.
September 30, 2016
Shortly after confirming her second pregnancy, the French beauty attended the Dior spring 2017 runway show during Paris Fashion Week in an off-white Dior long-sleeve knit with a patterned Dior skirt underneath. She paired the ensemble with statement earrings, a box clutch, and pointed-toe Mary Janes from the brand.


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rue Henri Chomé 56
1030 Schaerbeek
See contact page or google maps
It's easy to get there: between EU and NATO, 2 minutes walking from Place Meiser, (tram 7, 62, 25, bus N04, 63, 21, Bus De Lijn 318, 351, 358, 410)
Classes of 1,5 h per week : prices starting from 295€ VATexcl.
=> 10% discount for 2 subscriptions per family.
Next start : week of 17 September 2018
Please check our webshop to find the class that will suit you best! Other classes also available.
We open a group as from 3 students.
All classes are available until all places are booked.
Bookings are open on our webshop. We are of course also available to answer your questions via email or phone!
I book now!
Contact me
via Skype "Segolenech"
tel : 0032/474 74 93 83
email : firstname.lastname@example.com
Abonnez-vous !
pour ceux qui love de talen!
pour ceux qui love de talen!
rue Henri Chômé, 56
1030 – Bruxelles
Ségolène Charpentier
0032 (0) 474/74.93.83. (9h-17h30)
French – English – Italian
Laurent Andries
0032 (0) 468/52.49.08. (9h-17h30)
French – English – Spanish
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Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website.


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Christian Worship Thanksgiving For National Prosperity.
How rich thy gifts, Almighty King!
From thee our public blessings spring;
Th' extended trade, the fruitful skies,
The treasures liberty bestows,
Th' eternal joys the gospel shows,-
All from thy boundless goodness rise.
Here commerce spreads the wealthy store,
Which pours from every foreign shore;
Science and art their charms display;
Religion teaches us to raise
Our voices to our Maker's praise,
As truth and conscience point the way.
With grateful hearts, with joyful tongues,
To God we raise united songs;
His power and mercy we proclaim;
This land through every age shall own,
Jehovah here has fixed his throne,
And triumph in his mighty name.
Long as the moon her course shall run,
Or man behold the circling sun,
O, still may God amidst us reign;
Crown our just counsels with success,
With peace and joy our borders bless,
And all our sacred rights maintain.


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A Demand Job is our term for a Work Request created by email.
People you designate can request service by including the Fixed Asset in the "Subject : line" of an email sent to your maintenance email address.
Their request appears as a uniquely color-coded 'Open' task on the Control Panel which can edit and complete at any time.
The requester can get an acknowledgment of the receipt, and notification when the Task was executed and completed.


text:
PNEZD TO TINPro-Cad.Net
도움말 문서 읽기
This application was developed to assist with converting multiple PNEZD text or .csv files into TIN surfaces and individual drawings.
The drawings and surface are named according to the PNEZD file and saved in the same location. The tin surfaces are generated referencing the point file. If that point file is updated or changed, the surface will reflect that.
이 버전 정보버전 1.0.0, 2019-10-01
Latest release.
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리뷰를 작성하려면 로그인하십시오.


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1. Name the ten Gurus of the Sikhs in the right order
1. Guru Nanak Dev Ji (1469 - 1539)
2. Guru Angad Dev Ji (1504 - 1552)
3. Guru Amardas Ji (1479 - 1574)
4. Guru Ramdas Ji (1534 - 1581)
5. Guru Arjan Dev Ji (1563 - 1606)
6. Guru Hargobind Ji (1595 - 1644)
7. Guru Har Rai Ji (1630 - 1661)
8. Guru Harkrishan Ji (1656 - 1664)
9. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji (1621 - 1675)
10. Guru Gobind Singh Ji (1666 - 1708)
2. Name the present Guru of the Sikhs
Shri Guru Granth Sahib Ji and Guru Panth Khalsa
3. Who were the four Sahebzadas ?
They were the sons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
4. Name the four Sahebzadas
1. Baba Ajit Singh Ji (1687 - 1704)
2. Baba Jujhar Singh Ji (1689 - 1704)
3. Baba Zorawar Singh Ji (1696 - 1704)
4. Baba Fateh Singh Ji (1698 - 1704)
5. Who was the eldest Sahebzada ?
Baba Ajit Singh Ji
6. Who was the youngest Sahebzada ?
Baba Fateh Singh Ji
7. Name the Sahebzadas who were bricked alive.
1. Baba Fatheh Singh Ji
2. Baba Zorawar Singh Ji
8. Name the Sahebzadas who achieved martyrdom in the battlefield of Chamkaur.
1. Baba Ajit Singh Ji
2. Baba Jujhar Singh Ji
9. When & where was the Khalsa Panth created ?
It was created on the day of Vaisakhi of 1699 at Kesgarh Sahib by Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
10. What name did Guru Gobind Singh Ji give to the newly created Sikh Community ?
Khalsa Panth
1. Bhai Daya Singh Ji
2. Bhai Dharam Singh Ji
3. Bhai Himmat Singh Ji
4. Bhai Mohkkam Singh Ji
5. Bhai Saheb Singh Ji
1. Kes (unshorn hair)
2. Kangha (comb)
3. Kirpan (knife / sword)
4. Kaccha (short breeches)
5. Kara (wrist band / bangle)
13. Who is the spiritual father of all Sikhs (Khalsas) ?
Guru Gobind Singh Ji
14. Who is the spiritual mother of all Sikhs (Khalsas) ?
Mata Saheb Kaur Ji
15. What is the native place of all Sikhs (Khalsas) ?
Anandpur Saheb
16. What is the Sikh Salutation ?
Waheguru Ji Ka Khalsa
Waheguru Ji Ki Fatheh
17. What is the Sikh Jaikara ?
Jo Boley So Nihaal
Sat Sri Akaal
18. What is the literal meaning of the word 'Sikh' ?
19. What is the literal meaning of the word 'Singh' ?
Lion, Tiger
20. What is the literal meaning of the word 'Kaur' ?
21. Name the prayers comprimising the 'NITNEM' the daily prayer of the Sikhs (according to the Rehat Maryada)
22. the Japji,
23. the Jaapu and the
24. Ten Sawayyas (Quartets) - beginning "Sarawag
sudh" - in the morning.
25. Sodar Rehras compromising the following compositions:
(i) nine hymns of the Guru Granth Sahib, occurring in the holy book after the
Japuji Sahib, the first of which begins with & "Sodar"; and the last
of which ends with "saran pare ki rakh sarma";.
(ii) The Benti Chaupai of the tenth Guru (beginning "hamri karo hath dai
rachha" and ending with "dusht dokh te leho bachai"
(iii) the Sawayya beginning with the words "pae geho jab te tumre"
(iv) the Dohira beginning with the words "sagal duar kau chhad kai"
(v) the first five and the last pauris (stanzas) of Anand Sahib
(vi) and Mundawani and the Slok Mahla 5 beginning "tere kita jato nahi"
in the evening after sunset.
26. the Sohila - to be recited at night before going to bed. The morning and
evening recitations should be concluded with Ardas (formal supplication litany).
27. Which of the 'Baanis' of 'Nitnem' are not included in Guru Granth Saheb, but are taken from the 'Dasham Granth' ?
1. Jaap Saheb
2. Sawaye
3. Choupai Saheb (included in Rehras Saheb)
28. What are the four main apostate acts ('Kuraihats') prohibited for a Sikh ?
1. Shaving or cutting of hair
2. Eating Any form of meat
3. Adultery
4. Use of tobacco or any other intoxicant.
29. Name the 'Five Takhts' of the Sikhs
1. Akal Takht, Amritsar
2. Harmandir Saheb, Patna (also known as Patna Saheb)
3. Kesgarh Saheb, Anandpur
4. Hazur Saheb, Nander
5. Damdama Saheb, Talwandi Sabo (Bhatinda)
30. Which Guru started the formal teaching of the 'Gurmukhi' script ?
Guru Angad Dev Ji
31. Which Guru formalised the concept of the shared meal into 'Guru-Ka-Langar' ?
Guru Amardas Ji
32. Who was the most long-lived Guru ?
Guru Amardas Ji.
33. Who got the tank excavated (dug out) in Amritsar ?
Guru Ramdas Ji
34. Who built Harmandir Saheb (The Golden Temple) and gave a central place of worship to the Sikhs ?
Guru Arjan Dev Ji
Maharaja Ranjit Singh
36. Who first compiled the Guru Granth Saheb (The Adi Granth, then known as Pothi Saheb) ?
Guru Arjan Dev Ji
37. When was the first compilation of Guru Granth Saheb installed in Harmandir Saheb ?
38. Who was appointed the first Granthi of Guru Granth Saheb ?
Baba Buddha Ji
39. Where is the original copy of Guru Granth Saheb placed ?
At Kartarpur
40. How many Aangs (pages) does the standard volume of Guru Granth Saheb contain ?
1430 Aangs
41. Guru Granth Saheb contains the compositions of how many Gurus ?
Six Gurus : First Five Gurus & the Ninth Guru.
42. When did Guru Granth Saheb get 'Guru Gaddi' (Guruship) ?
October 3, 1708 A.D.
43. Which Guru was seated on a red-hot iron plate and burning hot sand put on his body ?
Guru Arjan Dev Ji
44. Which Guru is entitled 'Shahidaan De Sirtaj' ?
Guru Arjan Dev Ji because he was the Pioneer and Champion of Martyrdom in Sikh History.
45. Which Guru is related to 'MIRI-PIRI' ?
Guru Hargobind Ji
46. Which Guru was beheaded ?
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji
47. Which Guru is entitled 'Hind Di Chadar' ?
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji is entitled 'Hind Di Chadar' because he died to protect the Hindu faith's human rights to freedom of religion.
48. What is 'SIMARAN' ?
Contemplation of the Almighty God
49. What is the ceremony of Sikh marriage called ?
Anand Karaj
50. How many 'Lawans' are recited during the Sikh marriage ?
51. How much of his income must every Sikh contribute for religious purposes ?
One-Tenth (called Daswandh)
52. When was Guru Nanak Dev Ji born & where ?
April 15, 1469 A.D. in Talwandi (now in Pakistan - Nankana Saheb)
53. Name the parents of Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
Father : Mehta Kalu Ji
Mother : Mata Tripta Ji
54. Who were Bebe Nanaki & Bhai Jai Ram ?
Bebe Nanaki was Guru Nanak Dev Ji's elder sister & Bhai Jai Ram was her husband.
55. Name the wife of Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
Mata Sulakhani Ji
56. Name the sons of Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
Baba Sri Chand Ji
Baba Lakhmi Das Ji.
57. Which Guru established the first Gurdwara (Sangat) ? Where & when ?
Guru Nanak Dev Ji at Kartarpur in 1521 A.D.
58. What were Guru Nanak Dev Ji's travels called ?
59. Name the Muslim who accompanied Guru Nanak Dev Ji with a rebeck (a musical instrument invented by himself).
Bhai Mardana Ji.
60. Where are the descendants of Mardana found ?
In Ramdas, the city of Baba Buddha, and are called Rababies or the people of Rebeck.
61. During his travels, Guru Nanak Dev Ji went to Sayyadpur (now called Eminabad) and stayed at a carpenter's house (considered of low caste according to the Hindu caste system). Name the carpenter.
Bhai Laalo
62. Who was the (high caste) local official there whose feast Guru Nanak Dev Ji rejected ?
Malik Bhaago
63. Where was the first missionary center (Manji) established by Guru Nanak Dev Ji ?
The first 'Manji' was established at Bhai Laalo's house to spread Sikhism in Northern Punjab
64. What was the abode of the Jogis (Yogis) of Gorakhnath clan called ?
Gorakhmata (later became known as Nanakmata)
65. Name the mountains where Guru Nanak Dev Ji met the renowned 'Sidhas'.
Kailash Parbat (also called Sumer Parbat)
66. Name the composition in Guru Granth Saheb Ji that records the dialogues Guru Nanak Dev Ji had with the 'Sidhas'.
Sidh Ghosht
67. Name the so called cannibal that Guru Nanak Dev Ji met during his travel through the wilderness of Assam.
Kauda Rakhshash
68. During his travels, whom did Guru Nanak Dev Ji meet at Sangladeep (Ceylon) ?
Raja Shiv Nabh
69. Who was the founder of the Mughal dynasty in India ?
70. Name the reigning Mughal ruler during Guru Nanak Dev Ji's time.
71. What are the four hymns by Guru Nanak alluding to the invasions by Babar (1483- 1530 A.D.) collectively known as in Sikh literature ?
Babarvani (Guru Nanak described the atrocities of Babar and his men in Punjab)
72. Where was Guru Nanak taken captive during Babar's invasion ?
Sayyadpur, now called Eminabad, in Gujranwala district of Pakistan
73. Where did Guru Nanak Dev Ji meet Vali Kandhari ?
Hasan Abdal
74. Name the Gurdwara, now in Pakistan, which stands at the place where Vali Kandhari's ego was broken.
Panja Saheb
75. When and where did Guru Nanak Dev Ji become 'Joti Jot' (immersed in the Eternal Light) ?
In 1539 at Kartarpur
76. How old was Guru Nanak Dev Ji when he passed away and transferred the 'Divine Light' over to Guru Angad Dev Ji ?
Seventy Years
77. In which year was Guru Angad Dev Ji born ?
In 1504 A.D.
78. What was the original name of Guru Angad Dev Ji ?
Bhai Lehna
79. Name the father of Bhai Lehna Ji.
Bhai Pheru
80. Who was Mata Kheevi Ji ?
She was the wife of Guru Angad Dev Ji.
81. Name the children of Guru Angad Dev Ji.
2 sons: Bhai Datu and Bhai Dasu
1 daughter: Bibi Amro
82. In what year was Guru Angad Dev Ji appointed as Guru ?
83. Where did Guru Angad Dev Ji stay during the years that Guru Amardas Ji served him ?
Khadur Saheb
84. Who was Humayun, and why was he visiting Guru Angad Dev Ji ?
Humayun was Babar's son. Having been defeated by Sher Shah, he was fleeing India via Lahore and hearing the repute of Guru Angad Dev Ji, came to meet him at Khadur for his blessings, with a good number of presents
85. When did Guru Angad Dev Ji become 'Joti Jot' (immersed in the Eternal Light)?
In 1552 A.D.
86. When was Guru Amardas Ji born ?
In 1479 A.D.
87. Name the parents of Guru Amardas Ji.
Bhai Tej Bhan and Mata Lakhmi (or Mata Bhakt Devi as per some historians)
88. Name the wife of Guru Amardas Ji.
Bibi Mansa Devi
89. Name the children of Guru Amardas Ji.
2 sons: Baba Mohan and Baba Mohri
2 daughters: Bibi Dani and Bibi Bhani
90. Who was Bibi Amro Ji ?
She was the daughter of Guru Angad Dev Ji and daughter-in-law of the brother of Guru Amardas Ji.
91. How old was Guru Amardas Ji when he met Guru Angad Dev Ji ?
61 years old
92. For how many years did Guru Amardas Ji serve Guru Angad Dev Ji ?
12 Years
93. What was the name of the river that Guru Amardas Ji walked to to get water for Guru Angad Dev Ji's bath ?
River Beas
94. When was Guru Amardas Ji appointed as Guru ?
95. Name the eldest son of Guru Angad Dev Ji who struck Guru Amardas Ji with his foot when Guru Ji was seated on Gurgaddi (Guru's seat).
Bhai Datu
96. Which city was founded by Guru Amardas Ji, where he settled down after being appointed as Guru ?
97. What is a baoli ?
A well with steps proceeding down to the water level.
98. When was the Baoli (well) with 84 steps completed by Guru Amardas Ji in Goindval ?
In 1559 A.D.
99. Who established the system of preachers called 'masands' ?
Guru Amardas Ji
100. In which year did Emperor Akbar visit Guru Amardas Ji ?
101. Why did Guru Amardas Ji refuse Emperor Akbar's offering of village revenues for the Guru-ka-langar ?
This Community Kitchen must be community supported and depend only on the offerings of the devout.
102. What did one have to do before he was allowed to attend discourse of Guru Amardas Ji ?
They had to partake Guru-ka-langar
103. What were the three special days declared by Guru Amardas Ji when all the Sikhs were to congregate from far and near at the Guru's place to hear His words ?
Baisakhi (April 13), Maghi (1st day of Magha, mid January) and Diwali (festival of lights in October/November)
104. Guru Amardas Ji opposed the practice of Purdah. What is Purdah ?
Wearing of veil by women
105. Guru Amardas Ji opposed the practice of Sati. What is Sati ?
The practice of burning the widow on her husbands funeral pyre is called Sati. When the husband died, the wife either voluntarily burnt herself on the pyre of her husband or was thrown into the fire without her consent. In popular term the woman who did perform this act was called Sati (truthful).
106. How many missionaries ('masands') did Guru Amardas Ji train and sent out to various places ? Out of these, how many were women ?
Guru Amardas Ji trained and sent out 146 missionaries, out of which 52 were women. (Note: At one time, the country of Afghanistan and Kashmir were under the jurisdiction of women masands.)
107. In which year did Guru Amardas Ji become 'Joti Jot' (immersed in the Eternal Light) ?
In 1574 A.D.
108. In which year was Guru Ramdas Ji born ?
In 1534 A.D.
109. Name the parents of Guru Ramdas Ji.
Hari Das and Anup Devi (some historians list Daya Kaur as the mother)
110. What was Guru Ramdas Ji's wife's name ?
Bibi Bhani Ji. (Daughter of Guru Amardas Ji.)
111. What was the original name of Guru Ramdas Ji ?
Bhai Jetha
112. Name the three sons of Guru Ramdas Ji.
Prithi Chand (eldest)
Arjan Mal (later became Guru Arjan Dev Ji)
113. When and where did Guru Ramdas Ji become 'Joti Jot' (immersed in the Eternal Light) ?
In 1581 A.D. at Goindval.
114. In which year was Guru Arjan Dev Ji born ?
In 1563 A.D.
115. What was Guru Arjan Dev Ji's wife's name ?
Mata Ganga Ji
116. Name the only son of Guru Arjan Dev Ji.
117. Name the son of Prithi Chand.
118. In which year was the first construction of Harmandir Saheb (Golden Temple) completed ?
119. Which guru taught obedience to Satta and Balwand when they struck work ?
Guru Arjan Dev Ji.
120. Who was Bhai Gurdas ?
He was the nephew (son of younger brother) of Guru Amardas Ji. He was one of the most learned Sikhs and his writings are still respected by Sikhs. The copy of Guru Granth Saheb at Kartarpur is written in his hand.
121. How was Bhai Gurdas Ji a relative of Guru Arjan Dev Ji ?
Bhai Gurdas Ji was the cousin brother of Bibi Bhaani Ji, who was the daughter of Guru Amardass Ji, wife of Guru Ramdas Ji, and mother of Guru Arjan Dev Ji
122. Which Guru initiated Bhai Gurdas Ji into Sikhism ?
Guru Ramdas Ji
123. Whom did Guru Arjan Dev Ji dictate the Adi Granth to ?
Bhai Gurdas Ji
124. In which year did Bhai Gurdas die ?
125. When did Akbar die ?
October 17, 1605 A.D.
126. Under the rule of which Mughal Emperor was Guru Arjan Dev Ji made to sit on a red-hot iron plate ?
127. Where & when did Guru Arjan Dev Ji achieve martyrdom ?
In Lahore on May 25, 1606 A.D.
128. Name the Gurdwara, now in Pakistan, that stands at the place where Guru Arjan Dev Ji was martyred.
Dehra Saheb
129. In which year was Guru Hargobind Ji born ?
In 1595 A.D.
130. Name the wifes of Guru Hargobind Ji.
Bibi Damodri, Bibi Mahadevi, and Bibi Nanaki
131. How many sons did Guru Hargobind Ji have ? Name them.
He had Five Sons. They were :
1. Baba Gurditta (Born of Bibi Damodri) (Father of Guru Harrai)
2. Baba Suraj Mal (Born of Bibi Mahadevi)
3. Baba Ani Rai (Born of Bibi Nanaki)
4. Baba Atal Rai (Born of Bibi Nanaki)
5. (Guru) Tegh Bahadur (Born of Bibi Nanaki)
132. Name the daughter of Guru Hargobind Ji.
Bibi Viro (Born of Bibi Damodri)
133. How high is the tower of Baba Atal (built in memory of Baba Atal in Amritsar) ?
It is 9 storeys high.
134. Where was Guru Hargobind Ji sent as a state prisoner ?
Fort of Gwalior.
135. How many princes who were already imprisoned in the Fort of Gwalior got freed along with Guru Hargobind Ji ?
136. Guru Hargobind Ji donned the sword as a twin symbol of two powers. Name them.
Miri (Temporal Power) & Piri (Spiritual Power).
137. Name the fortification that Guru Hargobind Ji put up in Amritsar.
138. What is the literal meaning of Akal Takht ?
Throne of the Almighty.
139. Who built the Akal Takht (then called Akal Bunga) ?
Guru Hargobind Ji
140. When did Guru Hargobind Ji build Akal Takht (Akal Bunga) in Amritsar ?
In 1609 A.D.
141. Why did Guru Hargobind Saheb Ji build the Akaal Takht directly across from Harmandar Saheb ?
To represent the unity of spiritual and secular (military) affairs. Akaal Takhat (miri) was complimentary to Harmandar Saheb (piri).
142. When did Jehangir die ?
October 28, 1627 A.D.
143. In which year was the first battle between Emperor Shah Jahan and Guru Hargobind Saheb Ji fought ?
The battle took place in 1634 A.D. The Emperor sent an army of 7000 cavalry under the command of his general Mukhlis Khan to capture the Guru. In the ensuing battle the Gurus forces emerged victorious after the Guru killed Mukhlis Khan in single combat with his sword. This battle marked a turning point as the Sikhs now turned militant under mughal persecution.
144. How many battles did Guru Hargobind Saheb Ji fight against the attacking Mughal armies of Shah Jahan ?
Six battles (He won all the battles)
145. Who were the two masands of Kaabul who were bringing two choice steeds (horses) of high pedigree to Guru Hargobind Saheb Ji ?
Bakht Mal and Tara Chand
146. Name the reigning Mughal rulers during Guru Hargobind Ji's time.
Jehangir and Shah Jahan
147. Name the person who recovered the Kabul horses from the Mughals.
Bhai Bidhi Chand. (The horses belonged to a Sikh who was bringing them from Kabul as an offering for Guru Hargobind Ji, but they were seized on the way by the Mughals. Bidhi Chand recovered the first horse disguised as a hay-seller, and the second disguised as an astrologer.)
148. What were the names of two horses that Bidhi Chand rescued from the stables of the governor of Lahore ?
Dilbaag and Gulbaag
149. Who recited the correct pronunciation ('Shudh Paath') of Japji Saheb to Guru Hargobind Ji?
Bhai Gopala Ji
150. How many Gurus did Baba Budha Ji serve ?
151. How old was Baba Budha Ji when he passed away in 1631 ?
125 years old
152. In which year did Guru Hargobind Ji become 'Joti Jot' (immersed in the Eternal Light) ?
In 1644 A.D.
153. In which year and where was Guru Har Rai Ji born ?
In 1630 A.D. at Kiratpur.
154. Name the father of Guru Har Rai Ji.
Baba Gurditta Ji.
155. Name the brother of Guru Har Rai Ji.
Dhir Mal.
156. Name the wife of Guru Har Rai Ji.
Krishan Kaur
157. How many sons did Guru Harrai have ? Name them.
He had Two sons. They were :
1. Ram Rai
2. (Guru) Harkrishan
158. Who was punished (excommunicated from the community) for misinterpreting Gurbani and displaying miracles before Aurangzeb ?
Ram Rai, son of Guru Harrai Ji.
159. In which year did Guru Har Rai Ji become 'Joti Jot' (immersed in the Eternal Light) ?
160. In which year was Guru Harkrishan Ji born ?
161. How old was Guru Harkrishan Ji when he received the Guruship ?
5 (five) years old
162. Which Gurdwara stands at the place of Mirza Raja Jai Singh's bungalow where Guru Harkrishan Ji stayed when he came to Delhi ?
Gurdwara Bangla Saheb.
163. In which year did Guru Harkrishan Ji become 'Joti Jot' (immersed in the Eternal Light) ?
164. How old was Guru Harkrishan Ji when he became 'Joti Jot' ?
8 (eight) years old
165. Which Gurdwara stands at the place where Guru Harkrishan Ji's body was cremated after he became 'Joti Jot' ?
Gurdwara Bala Saheb.
166. What were the last words of Guru Harkrishan Ji announcing the next Guru ?
"Baba Bakale", which meant that his successor is his grand uncle and would be found at village of Bakala
167. How many members of the Sodhi family gathered at the village of Bakala claiming that they were the Guru and successor as named by Guru Harkrishan Ji ?
About 22 (twenty two)
168. Who found out the true Guru in Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji and proclaimed him to the world, thus exposing the fake pretenders ?
Bhai Makhan Shah
169. In which year and where was Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji born ?
In 1621 A.D. at Amritsar.
170. What was Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji's wife's name ?
Mata Gujri Ji
171. How many children did Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji have ? Name them.
One son. Gobind Rai later became Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
172. Who denied Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji entry to the Golden Temple ?
The Sodhi Mahants
173. At Kamrup (Assam), which two forces made a compromise brought about by Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji ?
The forces of Raja Ram Singh (a Rajput General of Aurangzeb who led an expedition against Assam) and Ahom King (the local King)
174. Where did Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji get a huge mound built in memory of Guru Nanak's visit to that place ?
175. Which Mughal Emperor ordered Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji to be beheaded at Chandni Chowk, Delhi ?
176. Who were the other three martyred along with Guru Tegh Bahadur by order of Aurangzeb?
1. Bhai Mati Das
2. Bhai Sati Das
3. Bhai Dayala
177. How were these three martyred ?
1. Bhai Mati Das: Sawn into two halves
2. Bhai Sati Das: Burnt in cotton wrapped around his body
3. Bhai Dayala: Boiled in hot water
178. Name the leader of the delegation of 500 Kashmiri brahmins that came to Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji for help.
Pandit Kirpa Ram (later became the Sanskrit teacher of Guru Gobind Singh Ji and eventually became a Khalsa and died fighting in the battle of Chamkaur.)
179. How old was Gobind Rai (Guru Gobind Singh) then ?
9 (nine) years old
180. Where & when did Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji achieve martyrdom ?
In Delhi on November 11, 1675 A.D.
181. Which Gurdwara stands at the place where Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was beheaded ?
Gurdwara Sis Ganj, Chandni Chowk, Delhi
182. Who cremated Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji's body after he was beheaded ?
Bhai Lakhi Shah.
183. Which Gurdwara stands at the place where the body of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was cremated after he was beheaded ?
Gurdwara Rakab Ganj, Delhi
184. Who took Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji's head to Anandpur ?
Bhai Jaita Ji.
185. Which Gurdwara stands at the place where Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji's head was cremated ?
Gurdwara Sis Ganj, Anandpur
186. Who built Gurdwara Rakab Ganj and Gurdwara Sis Ganj in Delhi ?
Sardar Baghel Singh in 1790 A.D.
187. When was Guru Gobind Singh Ji born & where ?
December 22, 1666 A.D. in Patna.
188. In what year did Bhai Nandlaal Goyaa go to Anandpur Saheb to pay homage to Guru Gobind Singh Ji ?
189. Who were the poems of Bhai Nandlaal Goyaa about ?
Guru Gobind Singh Ji
190. Which was the first battle fought between Guru Gobind Singh Ji and the hill chiefs ?
The Battle of Bhangani was fought in 1687 between Guru Gobind Singh Ji and the hill chiefs led by Raja Bhim Chand of Bilaspur. The hill chiefs received a crushing defeat at the hands of the Guru.
191. In which battle did Guru Gobind Singh Ji's Pathans leave him at a very critical point ?
Battle of Bhangani
192. How many sons did Peer Budhu Shah have? How many of them died in the battle of Bhangani ?
He had four sons, two of which died in battle
193. What did Guru Gobind Singh Ji give Peer Budhu Shah in remembrance of services rendered in the battle at Bhangaani ?
A kanga with some of his broken hair, a kirpan (sword) and a turban
194. At the battle of Anandpur, who cut off the head of Raja Kesari Chand ?
Bhai Ude Singh
195. What was the name of the Sikh who drove a spear into the elephant's head at the battle of Anandpur ?
Bhai Bachittar Singh
196. Where did Raja Gummand Chand die ?
Battle of Anandpur Saheb
197. In the battle of Anandpur Saheb, who gave water to all dying soldiers irrespective of whether they were Sikhs or Muslims ?
Bhai Kanhaiya (later became Kanhaiya Singh)
198. When and where did Guru Gobind Singh Ji separate from his mother and two younger sons before going to the fort of Chamkaur ?
December 20, 1704, at Sirsa river
199. Who betrayed Mata Gujri Ji and the two younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji to the Nawab of Sirhind ?
Gangu Brahmin
200. Where were Mata Gujri Ji and the two younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji kept after being imprisoned ?
Saman Burj (tower), Sirhind
201. From which fort did the Panj Pyare (5 chosen ones) order Guru Gobind Singh Ji to leave for his safety ?
Fort of Chamkaur
202. Name the two Pathans who helped Guru Gobind Singh Ji march through the Mughal camp.
Nabi Khaan and Gani Khaan
203. Who were the 'Chaali Mukte' i.e. the forty freed ones referred to in the Sikh 'Ardas' ?
They were those forty Sikhs who first denied Guru Gobind Singh Ji to be their Guru and later on got martyred for his sake fighting near the lake of Khidrana, also called Isharsar, on 29 December, 1705 after realising their mistake. Guru Gobind Singh Ji blessed them as Chali Mukte, the Forty Immortals. After them Khidrana became Muktsar - the Pool of Liberation.(NOTE : Some writers also refer the forty Sikhs who got killed in the fort of Chamkaur ('Chamkaur Di Gari') while facing an army of one million as the 'Chaali Mukte')
204. Name the leader of the 'Chaali' (40) Mukte who fought for Guru Gobind Singh Ji in Muktsar.
Bhai Maha Singh Ji.
205. Who was Mai Bhago Ji ?
Mai Bhago Ji led the forty Sikhs (Chaali Muktey) back to Guru Gobind Singh Ji. She had also suffered injury in the battle. Guru Gobind Singh Ji took her in his care and there after she stayed on with Guru Gobind Singh Ji as one of his bodyguard, in male attire. After the death of Guru Gobind Singh Ji at Nanded in 1708, she retired further south. She settled down at Jinvara, 11 km from Bidar in Karnataka where, immersed in meditation, she lived to attain a ripe old age. Her hut in Jinvara has now been converted into Gurdwara Tap Asthan Mai Bhago.
206. Who was once boasting about his bravery to Guru Gobind Singh Ji ?
Bhai Dalla
207. Name the Gurdwara that stands at the place where the younger Sahebzadas were bricked alive.
Fatehgarh Saheb (Fort of Victory)
208. When did Guru Gobind Singh Ji receive the news of the martyrdom of the younger Sahebzadas ?
While he was in Lakhi Jungle (forest)
209. What was his prophecy there ?
On hearing the news, he pulled a shrub from its roots with his arrow and said: "thus will this tyrannous rule be destroyed, root and branch."
210. What is the significance of Patna Saheb (one of the 5 Takhts) ?
It is the birth place of Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
211. Who built Harmandir Saheb, Patna (Patna Saheb) ?
Maharaja Ranjit Singh
212. What is the significance of Kesgarh Saheb (one of the 5 Takhts) ?
Khalsa Panth was created here on Vaisakhi of 1699 A.D. by Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
213. What is the significance of Damdama Saheb (one of the 5 Takhts) ?
1. Guru Gobind Singh Ji got the full Paath of Guru Granth Saheb written here.
2. It was called 'Guru Ki Kashi' by Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
214. What does 'Damdama' mean ?
Resting place.
215. Whom did Guru Gobind Singh Ji dictate the Guru Granth Saheb to ?
Bhai Mani Singh Ji
216. Who wrote the 'Zaffarnama' ?
Guru Gobind Singh Ji wrote this 'Letter of Victory' in Persian to Aurangzeb.
217. When did Aurangzeb die ?
March 3, 1707 A.D.
218. Who was the eldest son of Aurangzeb and why didn't he become the next Emperor ?
Muhammad Sultan died before Aurangzeb on December 14, 1676.
219. Name the third son of Aurangzeb who proclaimed himself the Emperor of India after the death of Aurangzeb.
Muhammad Azam
220. Name the second son of Aurangzeb who was the heir-apparent and who begged Guru Gobind Singh Ji's assistance against his brother, Muhammad Azam.
Prince Muhammad Muazzam (later became Emperor Muhammad Muazzam Bahadur Shah)
221. In which battle did Guru Gobind Singh Ji lend a helping hand to Muhammad Muazzam ?
Battle of Jajau (June 18, 1707)
222. In which year did Guru Gobind Singh Ji become 'Joti Jot' (immersed in the Eternal Light) ?
In 1708 A.D.
223. What is the significance of Hazur Saheb (one of the 5 Takhts) ?
Guru Gobind Singh Ji became 'Joti Jot' (immersed in the Eternal Light) here in 1708 A.D.
224. Who built Hazur Saheb ?
Maharaja Ranjit Singh
225. On the banks of which river is Hazur Saheb situated ?
River Godavari
226. What was the relationship between Akbar, Jehangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb ?
Jehangir was Akbar's son, Shah Jahan's father and Aurangzeb's grandfather.
(Akbar -->Jehangir -->Shah Jahan -->Aurangzeb)
227. Name the cities founded by the Gurus.
Guru Nanak Dev Ji: Kartarpur
Guru Angad Dev Ji: Khadur Saheb
Guru Amardas Ji: Goindval Saheb
Guru Ramdas Ji: Amritsar
Guru Arjan Dev Ji: TarnTaran, Kartarpur (Jullunder), Sri Hargobindpur
Guru Hargobind Ji: Kiratpur, Mehrey
Guru Har Rai Ji: Bagat and Chiryaghar of Kiratpur
Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji: Anandpur (originally known as Chak Nanaki)
Guru Gobind Singh Ji: Paonta Saheb, Guru Ka Lahore
228. Name the six forts of Anandpur.
229. Name the five cardinal vices.
1. Kam (Lust, fornication)
2. Krodh (Anger, wrath)
3. Lobh (Greed, hoarding)
4. Moh (Worldly attachment)
5. Ahankar (Conceit, egoism, pride)
230. What are the virtuous counterparts of these five vices ?
1. Self Control of Kam
2. Forgiveness of Krodh
3. Contentment of Lobh
4. Love of God of Moh
5. Humility of Ahankar
231. Name Ten historic Gurdwaras in Pakistan.
1. Bal Leela
2. Chhevin Patshai
3. Dehra Saheb
4. Kyara Saheb
5. Maal Ji Saheb
6. Nankana Saheb
7. Panja Saheb
8. Pati Saheb
9. Sacha Soda
10. Tambu Saheb
232. Name the five 'sarovars' of Amritsar.
233. Where has the starting 'Pauri' of 'Ardas' i.e. from 'Sri Bhagauti Ji Sahay ...to... Sab thain hoe sahay' taken from ?
It is the first 'Pauri' of 'Bhagauti Ki Vaar' (or 'Chandi Ki Vaar') taken from the 'Dasham Granth'.
234. Referring to the daily Sikh 'Ardas' where the various Sikh martyrs are remembered, write the type of martyrdom that the following Sikhs underwent :
1. Bhai Mati Das: Sawn into two pieces (Aariyaan naal cheere gaye)
2. Bhai Mani Singh: Body was cut at each joint (Band band kataye)
3. Bhai Taru Singh: His hair was scrapped off his scalp (Khopariaan utarwaiyaan)
4. Bhai Shahbaz Singh: He and his father (Subeg Singh) were crushed on the wheel. (Charakhariyaan te chare)
235. Write the inter-family relationships of the Gurus after Guru Amardas.
1. Guru Ramdas Ji was the son-in-law of Guru Amardas Ji
2. Guru Arjan Dev Ji was the son of Guru Ramdas Ji
3. Guru Hargobind Ji was the son of Guru Arjan Dev Ji
4. Guru Harrai Ji was the grandson of Guru Hargobind Ji
5. Guru Harkrishan Ji was the son of Guru Harrai Ji
6. Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was the son of Guru Hargobind Ji
7. Guru Gobind Singh Ji was the son of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji.
236. When was Banda Singh Bahadur born ?
October 27, 1670 A.D.
237. What was his name in childhood ?
Lachhman Das
238. What does "Bairagi" mean ?
One who gives up worldly life; a sect of Vaishanavs.
239. Name the Bairagi who captivated the heart of Lachhman Das and made him his disciple.
Janaki Prasad
240. What was Lachhman Das named by the Bairagis ?
Madho Das Bairagi
241. Name the old Yogi that Madho Das met in Nasik and learnt 'Tantric Science' (secrets of yoga and occultism) from.
Aughar Nath
242. When and where did Guru Gobind Singh Ji meet Madho Das ?
Autumn of 1708 in Nanded
243. What did Guru Gobind Singh Ji name Madho Das after administering Amrit (Pahul) to him ?
Banda Singh
244. What does 'Banda' mean ?
245. Who stabbed Guru Gobind Singh Ji ?
A pathan from Sirhind (sent by Wazir Khan)
246. What title was given to Banda Singh by Guru Gobind Singh Ji before he left for Punjab ?
Banda Singh 'Bahadur'
247. Who were the five 'Punj Pyare' appointed to assist Banda Singh ?
1. Bhai Binod Singh
2. Bhai Kahan Singh (son of Bhai Binod Singh)
3. Bhai Baaj Singh
4. Bhai Daya Singh
5. Bhai Ram Singh (Brother of Bhai Baaj Singh)
248. What were the emblems of temporal authority bestowed upon Banda Singh before his departure to Punjab ?
A Nishan sahib (Flag) and a Nagara (Drum)
249. Whom did Guru Gobind Singh Ji nominate as the first Jathedar (commander of the forces) of the Khalsa Panth ?
Banda Singh Bahadur
250. Which was the first town that Banda Singh's army attacked ?
251. Why did Banda Singh Bahadur's army attack Samana ?
It was the residence of Sayyed Jalal-ud-din, the executioner of Guru Teg Bahadur, and of Shashal Beg and Bashal Beg, the executioners of the younger Sahibzadas at Sirhind.
252. When was Samana conquered ?
November 26, 1709 A.D.
253. Name the ruler of Sadhaura who had tortured to death the great Muslim Saint, Sayyed Buddhu Shah, because he had helped Guru Gobind Singh Ji in the battle of Bhangani.
Osman Khan
254. Who abolished the Zamindaari (absentee landlord) system ?
Banda Singh Bahadur
255. When did Banda Singh Bahadur attack Sirhind, where the Nawab had ordered the live-burial of the younger Sahebzadas ?
On May 12, 1710 A.D. (The battle was fought at Chhappar Chiri, 20 kms from Sarhind.)
256. What did Wazir Khan do, and who killed him ?
Wazir Khan ordered the murder of the two younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Fateh Singh killed him in the Battle of Chappar-Chiri.
257. Name the Sikh woman who had been carried away by Sher Muhammed Khan of Maler Kotla and buried in a grave after she had committed suicide to save her honor.
Bibi Anup Kaur (Banda Singh's forces dug the grave to perform her last religious rites)
258. Whom did Banda Singh appoint as Governor of Sirhind after conquering Sirhind ?
Baaj Singh
259. Whom did Banda Singh appoint as Governor of Samana ?
Fateh Singh
260. What did Banda Singh Bahadur name the Fort of Mukhlispur after repairing it ?
Lohgarh meaning Iron Fort. (For all intents and purposes, it became the capital of the Sikh territories.)
261. After assuming royal authority at Lohgarh, what did Banda Singh Bahadur do ?
1. He struck coins in the name of the Guru.
2. He introduced an Official Seal for his state documents and letters patent.
3. He introduced his own Sammat or regnal year from the date of his conquest of Sirhind.
4. He totally abolished the Zamindari (Landlord) System of the Mughals which had reduced the cultivators to the position of slaves.
262. What did Banda Singh Bahadur's Official Seal read ?
Deg o teg o fateh o nusrat bedirang
Yaft az Nanak Guru Gobind Singh
(The Kettle and the Sword, Victory and ready Patronage have been obtained from Guru Nanak - Guru Gobind Singh)
263. What do Degh, Tegh, and Fateh mean ?
Degh means Kettle (symbol of charity or of the means to feed the poor)
Tegh means Sword (symbol of power to protect the weak and helpless)
Fateh means Victory
264. What was the green banner raised by the Mullas of Lahore ?
The Mullas raised a green banner, called the Haidri Flag, and proclaimed a crusade (jehad) against the Sikhs.
265. What was the new war-cry that Banda Singh Bahadur introduced ?
'Fateh Darshan' meaning Victory to the Presence. (It was later rejected by the Khalsa since it came to be used for and to replace the old Sikh Salutation of 'Waheguru Ji Ka Khalsa Waheguru Ji Ki Fateh'.)
266. Name the Sikh who sacrificed his life when he disguised himself in the garments of Banda Singh Bahadur and seated himself in his place, so that Banda Singh could escape from the fort of Lohgarh and retreat to the hills of Nahan.
Bhai Gulab Singh (on December 10, 1710)
267. When did Emperor Bahadur Shah die ?
February 18, 1712
268. Who ascended the throne for just 10 months after the death of Bahadur Shah ?
Jahander Shah
269. Who defeated Jahander Shah to take over the throne of Delhi ?
Farrukh Siyar
270. When were the Sikhs forced to evacuate Sadhaura and Lohgarh and take refuge in the Jammu hills ?
October, 1713 A.D.
271. What was Banda Singh Bahadur's second wife's name ?
Sahib Kaur. (He had by her a son, named Ranjit Singh - not the same as Maharaja Ranjit Singh)
272. Who was the Governor of Lahore who made the forces of Banda Singh retreat to Gurdas Nangal in April, 1715 A.D. ?
Abd-us-Samad Khan (father of Zakhriya Khan)
273. What was the Sikh Enclosure at Gurdas Nangal called ?
Fortress (Garhi) of Gurdaspur
274. After eight long months in the Fortress of Gurdaspur, who had a difference in opinion with Banda Singh ? What was the difference in opinion ? What happened as a result of this difference in opinion ?
Binod Singh had a difference in opinion with Banda Singh. Apparently, he proposed evacuating the enclosure and following their old tactics of cutting through the enemy's lines for a place of safety. Banda Singh was not in favor of it. Binod Singh, as per decision reached by his son Kahan Singh, left the enclosure.
275. When was the Fortress of Gurdaspur captured by the Mughals ?
December 7, 1715 A.D.
276. Why were the bodies of Sikhs ripped opened ?
The bodies of Sikhs were ripped opened in search of gold coins supposed to have been swallowed by them.
277. Where were Banda Singh and his companions taken from Gurdas Nangal ?
They were taken to lahore by Abdus Samad Khan and then despatched to Delhi under the charge of his son, Zakhriya Khan.
278. What was the name of the Sikh who broke the chains around his hands and feet when Emperor Farrukh Siyar taunted him and his fellow Sikhs ?
Baaj Singh
279. How many soldiers did Baaj Singh kill after breaking through the chains around his hands and feet ?
He killed seven soldiers
280. When was Banda Singh Bahadur executed ?
June 9, 1716
281. Name the son of Banda Singh Bahadur from his first wife. What was his fate ?
Ajai Singh. The executioner hacked the 4 year old child to pieces joint by joint with a long knife, dragged out his quivering heart and thrust it into the mouth of his father, Banda Singh Bahadur.
282. How was Banda Singh Bahadur executed ?
His eyes were first removed by the point of a butcher's knife. His left foot and then his two hands were severed from the body. His flesh was then torn with red-hot pincers, and finally he was decapitated and hacked to pieces limb by limb.
283. What is meant by 'Chardi Kala' ?
Exalted Spirit
284. Who were the Bandeis ?
A division of Sikhs that apotheosized Banda Singh Bahadur and believed that he had inherited the succession of Guruship from Guru Gobind Singh Ji. They claimed that they should have an equal share in the management of the Gurdwaras and other affairs of the Panth.
285. What was the group of staunch followers of Guru Gobind Singh Ji called ?
Tat Khalsa
286. Whom did Mata Sundri in Delhi send to Amritsar to resolve the dispute between the Bandeis and Tat Khalsa ?
Bhai Mani Singh and Kirpal Singh. Bhai Mani Singh was appointed Granthi (Head Priest) of Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple), Amritsar in 1721.
287. When was Zakhrya Khan appointed as Governor of Lahore ?
In 1726 A.D. when his father, Abdus Samad Khan was transferred to Multan.
288. How many men did Tara Singh Vaan have with him to face the Mughal army sent by Zakhrya Khan ?
22 men. All got martyred fighting the Mughal army in 1726 A.D.
289. In what year was the title of 'Nawab' and a 'Jagir' presented to the Sikhs by the Mughal authorities ?
290. What was the name of the Sikh Government Contractor who was entrusted with the task of negotiation of the Nawabship and Jagir by Zakhrya Khan ?
Subeg Singh. He was allowed to sit among the Khalsa assembly at Akal Takht, Amritsar, only after he had gone through the ceremony of exculpation, called 'tankhah', for having been a co-operator with the government.
291. Who was given the title of Nawab ?
Kapur Singh of Faizullapur
292. On what conditions did Kapur Singh accept Nawabship, when a Jagir was offered to the Sikhs by the Lahore Governor in an attempt to buy peace with the Sikhs ?
Under the conditions that (1) he should be permitted to continue to serve in Guru-ka-langar and (2) to look after the horses and (3) that five Sikhs should touch with sacred feet the Royal Command, both in order to reject it with contempt and also to sanctify it for acceptance
293. What were the two divisions of the Dal Khalsa ?
Buddha Dal (the army of the veterans) and Taruna Dal (the army of the young). The Buddha Dal was entrusted with the task of looking after the holy places, preaching the Gurus word and inducting converts into the Khalsa Panth by holding Baptismal ceremonies. The Taruna Dal was the more active division and its function was to fight in times of emergencies.
294. Who led the Buddha Dal ?
Nawab Kapoor Singh
295. Who was the head of the Taruna Dal, stationed at Amritsar ?
Charat Singh Sukarchakia
296. Who supervised both the Budha Dal and Taruna Dal ?
Nawab Kapur Singh
297. Name the 15 year old boy who was beheaded in 1734 for using disrespectful language for Fatima, the daughter of Prophet Mohammed.
Haqiqat Rai
298. When did Diwan Darbara Singh die ?
July, 1734 A.D.
299. When was the Jagir presented to the Sikhs confiscated ?
300. When did Bhai Mani Singh apply to the Governor of Lahore for permission to hold the Diwali festival in the temple of Amritsar ? What was the condition of the permission ?
1738 A.D. Bhai Mani Singh was to pay Rs.5000 after the fair, which was to last 10 days.
301. Why couldn't Bhai Mani Singh pay the amount of Rs.5000 ?
Bhai Mani Singh hoped that he would be able to pay the sum out of the offerings to be made by the Khalsa attending the fair. The Governor, however, tricked him by sending a force under Diwan Lakhpat Rai to Amritsar on the day of the fair and scaring the Sikhs away.
302. How was Bhai Mani Singh martyred ?
His body was cut to pieces limb by limb.
303. Which famous Sikh martyr was one of the 52 'Darbari kavis' (poets) of Guru Gobind Singh Ji ?
Bhai Mani Singh Ji
304. How many immediate family members of Bhai Mani Singh got martyred for Sikh Panth ?
21 (Twenty One) : 11 brothers and 10 sons.
305. As a result of the renewed persecutions, where did the Sikhs retreat to ?
Most of the Sikhs left the plains and sought shelter in the Shivalik hills, Lakhi Jungle and the sandy deserts of Rajputana.
306. In what year did the Sikhs attack Nadir Shah on his way back to Persia and relieved him of much of his booty ?
307. What was Nadir Shah's prophecy about Sikhs ?
Nadir Shah told Zakhriya Khan that "The time is not far when these people (Sikhs) would raise their heads and become the rulers of this country."
308. What were the rewards offered by Zakhrya Khan for the capture and destruction of Sikhs?
Ten Rupees paid to anyone giving information which lead to the arrest of a Sikh.
Fifty Rupees paid to anyone bringing the head of a Sikh.
309. What was Massa Ranghar known to have done during the persecution of the Sikhs in Zakhriya Khan's period ?
Brought in cartloads of heads of Sikhs
310. What did Massa Ranghar do when he was appointed the chief of Amritsar by the Mughal governor ?
He held charge of Golden Temple and banned Sikhs from visiting it. He had turned the holy precincts into a stable and the inmost sanctuary into a nautchhouse where he used to smoke and drink and enjoy dance of public women. He also started abusing Hindus and Sikhs of Amritsar.
311. Who were the two Sikhs who killed Massa Ranghar ?
Bhai Mehtab Singh and Bhai Sukha Singh
312. How did they kill Massa Ranghar ?
In August 1740, they reached Amritsar. Disguising themselves as Mohammedans and filling two bags with well rounded brick-bats, they entered the precincts of the temple under the pretext of paying their land-revenue. While Sukha singh watched the entrance, Mehtab Singh fell on the tyrant like lightening and cut off his head.
313. Where did Mehtab Singh and Sukha Singh take the head of Massa Ranghar ?
Budha Jorh in Deserts of Rajasthan.
314. How was Mehtab Singh martyred ?
Publicly broken on the wheel.
315. What was the name of the road that Bhai Bota Singh and Bhai Gurja Singh blocked and charged tolls to travellers using it?
Grand Trunk Road near Sarai Nurdin
316. What were the tolls charged by Bota Singh and Garja Singh ?
One Anna (6.25 Paise) per cart and one Paisa per donkey-load.
317. What was the fate of Bota Singh and Garja Singh ?
Since no one reported them to the Mughals and paid their tolls without complaining, Bota Singh himself wrote to the Governor of Lahore announcing himself and the tax he was levying on travellers. Zakhriya Khan sent a detachment of 100 horses to arrest him. Bota Singh and Garja Singh refused to surrender and died fighting.
318. When did Bhai Taru Singh achieve martyrdom ?
June, 1745 A.D.
319. Why and how was he martyred ?
He cultivated fields and whatever was produced, he offered to his Sikh brethren in exile. This was considered treason and he was reported by Harbhagat of Jandiala and executed. His hair was scrapped of his scalp.
320. When did Zakhriya Khan die ?
June, 1745 A.D.
321. Who was the successor of Zakhriya Khan ?
His son, Yahiya Khan.
322. Why and how were Subeg Singh and Shahbaz Singh martyred ?
Subeg Singh, who had contracts with government, was martyred under suspicion that he was supplying info to Sikhs. His 15 year old son, Shahbaz Singh was martyred because he refused to convert to Islam under the wishes of this Qazi at the Mohammedan school he studied at.
Subeg Singh and Shahbaz Singh were put on a wheel with slashing knives arranged around it and turned on it.
323. What was Diwan Lakhpat Rai's brother's name ?
Jaspat Rai, Faujdar of Eminabad.
324. When Jaspat Rai attacked the Sikhs visiting Eminabad, who killed him ?
Nirbhau Singh got onto the elephant of Jaspat Rai and cut off his head.
325. What does Ghalughaara mean in English ?
326. In what year did the 'Chhota Ghalughaara' (First Holocaust) occur ?
327. In the 'Chhota Ghalughaara', what were the names of the Nawab and the Hindu Diwaan who led the sudden Mughal attack on the Sikhs as they crossed the Raavi River ?
Yahiya Khaan and Lakhpat Rai (Lakhpat was Hindu Diwaan)
328. How many Sikhs were killed in the 'Chhota Ghalughaara' ?
At least 7000 were killed and 3000 brought as prisoners to Lahore, where they were beheaded at the 'Nakhas', after being subjected to indignities and torture.
329. When did Yahiya Khan lose power ?
Yahiya Khan was ousted by his younger brother, Shah Nawaz Khan, the Governor of Multan, in March 1747. Lakhpat Rai was also thrown in prison.
330. When was Nadir Shah assasinated ?
June 8, 1747 A.D.
331. Who ascended the throne of Afganistan after the assasination of Nadir Shah ?
Ahmed Shah Durrani (also known as Ahmed Shah Abdali)
332. Whom did Shah Nawaz Khan invite to invade India ?
Ahmed Shah Durrani, ruler of Kabul.
333. When did Ahmed Shah Durrani establish his control over Lahore ?
January 12, 1748 A.D.
334. Who defeated Ahmed Shah Durrani ?
The Mughals defeated Ahmed Shah Durrani in the battle of Manupur, near Sirhind, in the middle of March, 1748.
335. After his defeat, when Ahmed Shah Durrani left Sirhind, who attacked the Durranis, looting and plundering considerable wealth and horses from the Durranis ?
Sardar Charat Singh Sukarchakia
336. Who became the new Governor of Lahore and Multan ?
Mir Mannu, on April 11, 1748 A.D.
337. When was Jassa Singh Ahluwalia born ?
May 3, 1718 A.D.
338. What was Jassa Singh's father's name ?
Badar Singh
339. How old was Jassa Singh Ahluwalia when his father died ?
5 years old
340. Who was entreated to take care of Jassa Singh Ahluwalia when his father died ?
Mata Sundri Ji
341. How long did Jassa Singh and his mother serve Mata Sundri in Delhi ?
For a period of about 7 years.
342. Whom did Jassa Singh Ahluwalia's mother leave him with (as his god-father) ?
Sardar Kapur Singh. Jassa Singh became famous as his adopted son.
343. Who lead the attack on Salabat Khan to liberate Amritsar from under his control in March 1748 ?
Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. He chopped off the head of Salabat Khan in the battle.
344. Name the twelve Sikh Misls (regiments).
1. Ahluwalia (led by Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia)
2. Bhangi (led by Sardar Hari Singh Bhangi.) Also called Dhillon Sardars.
3. Dalewalia (led by Gulab Singh Dalewalia)
4. Faizalpuria (led by Nawab Kapoor Singh Virk)
5. Kanaihya (led by Jai Singh Kanaihya)
6. Karor Singhia (led by Karora Singh Dhaliwal)
7. Nakai (led by Hari Singh Nakai)
8. Nishanwala (led by Dasaundha Singh)
9. Ramgarhia (led by Nand Singh Sanghania)
10. Sukerchakia (led by Nodh Singh.) Ranjit Singh's Misl.
11. Shaheed (drew their name from Baba Deep Singh Ji Shaheed)
12. Phulkian (led by Ala Singh)
345. What were these Misls collectively called ?
Dal Khalsa
346. Who was the founder of the Dal Khalsa ?
Nawab Kapur Singh
347. When was Jassa Singh chosen the Supreme Commander of the Dal Khalsa ?
March 29, 1748 A.D.
348. What is a 'Rauni' ?
Rauni is a thick boundary wall or enclosure. It is not a fortress or a fort, but is a minor shelter.
349. What was the name of the Rauni built in Amritsar in April, 1748 ?
Ram Rauni, after the name of the fourth Guru, Guru Ramdas. The enclosure was built on a piece of land near Ramsar.
352. Name the Sikh warrior who was awarded the title Sultan-ul-Quam (King of the Khalsa Panth).
355. When was Ram Rauni seized and for how long ?
The Ram Rauni was seized in October, 1748 by Adeena Beg and Jassa Singh Ramgharia and the seize went on for 3 months from October-December, 1748.
356. What did Jassa Singh Ramgharia decide to do ?
He decided to desert the royal army and join his brethren Singhs.
357. When did Ahmed Shah Durrani (Abdali) invade India for the second time ?
December, 1748 A.D., nine months after his first invasion in March, 1748.
358. Who made an offering of Rs.11000 for the service of the holy tank at Harmandir Saheb ?
Diwan Koura Mal made this offering. The holy tank which had been filled up by the orders of Lakhpat Rai in Yahiya Khan's time, was dug up and cleaned.
359. When did Ahmed Shah Durrani (Abdali) invade India for the third time ?
January, 1752 A.D.
360. When was Diwan Koura Mal killed ?
March 1752 A.D. He was killed by a shot fired by an agent of Adeena Beg during the defeat of Mir Mannu at the hands of the Durranis.
361. When was the persecution of Sikhs by Mir Mannu renewed ?
March 1752 A.D.
362. How did Mir Mannu treat Sikh women ?
He tortured them in order to force them to abandon their religion. He ordered the children and babies of imprisoned Sikh women to be speared alive, or cut up into pieces and made into necklaces to be put around the mother's neck.
363. How many years did this slaughter of Sikh children go on for ?
Four years
364. During the persecution of Sikhs by Mir Mannu what price was paid for the severed head of a Sikh ?
Rs. 80 (equivalent to one year's pay)
365. During the persecution of Sikhs by Mir Mannu what happened if a person lost a horse in fighting a Sikh ?
The government replaced it with another horse.
366. When did Nawab Kapur Singh die ?
October 7, 1753 A.D.
367. When did Mir Mannu finally die ?
November 2, 1753 A.D.
369. When did Ahmed Shah Durrani (Abdali) invade India for the fourth time ?
January 28, 1757 A.D.
370. What did Ahmed Shah Durrani do to Harmandir Saheb ?
When Durrani attacked Amritsar, he destroyed Harmandir Saheb and filled up the tank
371. Who was Baba Deep Singh ?
Baba Deep Singh was in charge of the Gurdwara at Talwandi Sabo, called Damdama Saheb. He had received baptism from the hands of Guru Gobind Singh Ji himself. He was one of the most scholarly Sikhs of his time and had helped the tenth Guru, along with Bhai Mani Singh, in preparing the final version of the Adi Granth.
On hearing about the desecration of Harmandir Saheb (Golden Temple) by Durrani, he started at once to avenge the insult. In the battle of Goharval, he received a mortal wound, but supporting his wounded head, he went on fighting untill he fell dead in the precincts of Harmandir Saheb.
372. When did Adeena Beg die ?
September 15, 1758 A.D.
373. When did Ahmed Shah Durrani (Abdali) invade India for the fifth time ?
October 25, 1759 A.D.
374. When was the historic battle of Panipat fought ?
January 14, 1761 A.D.
375. Why was Ala Singh condemned and fined by the Dal Khalsa ?
For his act of submission to the foreigner - in March 1761, Ala Singh was confirmed as a ruler independent of Sirhind in return for a tribute of five lakhs annually.
376. How many Hindu women were released and restored to their families when the Sikhs attacked the Durrani forces returning from Delhi ?
About 2200 Hindu women.
377. When did Ahmed Shah Durrani (Abdali) invade India for the sixth time ?
February 3, 1762 A.D.
378. On what date did the Wada Ghalughaara (Greater Holocaust) occur ?
February 5, 1762
379. In the Wada Ghalughaaraa, out of the 30,000 Sikhs, how many were massacred by the Mughal forces ?
10,000 (mainly women and children)
380. When did Ahmed Shah Durrani blow up Harmandir Sahib with gunpowder ?
April 10, 1762 A.D. The tank after being desecrated with the blood of cows was filled with refuse and debris.
381. How did he get wounded ?
As the buildings were being blown up, a flying brick-bat struck him on his nose and inflicted a wound from which he never recovered.
382. Why did Hari Singh Bhangi lead an expedition against Kasur ?
To free the wife of a brahmin of Kasur on april 10, 1763.
384. When did Ahmed Shah Durrani (Abdali) invade India for the seventh time ?
October, 1764 A.D.
385. When did Ahmed Shah Durrani (Abdali) invade India for the eighth and last time ?
November, 1765 A.D.
386. What caused Ahmad Shah's death in June 1773 ?
The brick-bat that hit his nose during his desecration of Harmandar Saheb made a wound that turned cancerous and eventually caused his death
388. What city did Sardar Baghel Singh occupy in the year 1790 ?
389. Who did Sardar Baghel Singh's forces defeat in order to capture Delhi ?
Shah Alam II
390. How large a force did Sardar Baghel Singh leave at Delhi ?
30,000 men
391. What is the place in Delhi known as, where Sardar Baghel Singh stationed 30,000 of his troops ?
Tees Hazari (The Place of 30,000)
392. When and where was Maharaja Ranjit Singh born ?
Nov. 13, 1780 at Gujranwala
393. What was Maharaja Ranjit Singh's father's name ?
Mahan Singh (son of Sardar Charat Singh)
394. What was Maharaja Ranjit Singh's mother's name ?
Raj Kaur
395. What was Maharaja Ranjit Singh's mother-in-law's name who played an important part in his life ?
Sardarni Sada Kaur, wife of Jai Singh, the Kanhaiya leader. (She is believed to be the ladder by which Ranjit Singh reached the climax of his power)
396. Who was the first wife of Maharaja Ranjit Singh ?
Mehtab Kaur, daughter of Sardarni Sada Kaur.
397. What was the name of the wife of Maharaja Ranjit Singh who gave birth to Kharak Singh in 1802 ?
Rani Raj Kaur, daughter of Nakai Sardar Khazan Singh
398. Name the sons of Ranjit Singh.
Sher Singh and Tara Singh (born of Mehtab Kaur), Dilip Singh (born of Jind Kaur), and Kharak Singh (born of Rani Raj Kaur).
399. Who was entitled 'Sher-e-Punjab' (Lion of Punjab) ?
Maharaja Ranjit Singh
400. For how many years did Maharaja Ranjit Singh rule for ?
40 Years (1739-1839)
401. What diamond did Maharaja Ranjit Singh wear on his arm ?
Kohinoor diamond
402. Who presented the Kohinoor diamond to Maharaja Ranjit Singh ?
The wife of Shah Shuja, the former king of Kabul, whom Maharaja Ranjit Singh released from his opponents in Kashmir.
403. Where was the first great victory of Maharaja Ranjit Singh against the Afghans ?
404. At Multaan, what famous gun was used by the troops of Maharaja Ranjit Singh ?
Jamjama Top (gun)
405. When did Maharaja Ranjit Singh occupy throne in Lahore ?
July 7, 1799 A.D.
406. When did Maharaja Ranjit Singh annex Amritsar ?
In 1802 A.D.
407. When did Maharaja Ranjit Singh annex Multan, Kashmir, Peshawar, and Bannu ?
He annexed Multan in 1818 A.D., Kashmir in 1819 A.D., and Peshawar and Bannu in 1823 A.D.
408. In which year did the enthroning of Ranjit Singh as the Maharaja of Punjab take place ?
Baisakhi day of 1801 A.D.
409. What was the name of the commemorative coin issued on this auspicious occasion ?
Nanakshahi Rupee
410. How long did the Sarkar Khalsa rule Punjab for ?
50 years (1799-1849 A.D.)
411. Why was Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa given the last name "Nalwa" by Maharaja Ranjit Singh ?
Because he slayed a lion (tiger) with a sword while on a hunting expedition with Maharaja Ranjit Singh, thus saving both his life and the Maharaja's
412. What does "Haria Raghle" mean ?
Hari Singh has come
413. Which famous Gurdwara did Sardar Hari Singh Nalwa build ?
Gurdwara Panja Saheb
414. What fortress of great military importance did Hari Singh Nalwa capture ?
Fortress at Jamrud
415. What is the literal meaning of the word 'Nihang' ?
'Nihang' is a persian word which means 'crocodile'.
416. Who caused the Ghazis to say, "Toba Toba, Khuda Khud, Khalsa Shud!" ?
Akali Phula Singh
417. In which year was Akali Phula Singh made Jathedar of Akal Takht ?
418. As Jathedar of Akal Takht, what did Akali Phula Singh do to Maharaja Ranjit Singh ?
When Ranjit Singh married a Muslim woman, named Moran of Lahore, Akali Phula Singh, as the Jathedar of Akal Takth declared that Maharaja Ranjit Singh is not a Sikh anymore and is a 'Tankhaiya' which means out of Sikhism. He ordered the defendant to be at Golden temple before the community. Ranjit Singh came and admitted that he had made a mistake. Akali Phula Singh ordered 50 lashes for Maharaja Ranjit Singh. Ranjit Singh bowed down to receive his punishment. Panj Pyaras were gratified at the submission of the Maharaja and took a lenient view and accepted a fine of Rs. 1,25,000 from the Maharaja.
419. Across the river Kabul, there is a tomb (Samaadhi) that still stands as a witness to a warrior's undying chivalry. Who was this warrior ?
Akali Phula Singh
420. When did Maharaja Ranjit Singh die ?
June 27, 1839
421. When did Maharaja Kharak Singh, successor of Maharaja Ranjit Singh die ?
November 6, 1840 A.D. (His son, Naunihal Singh died on same day too).
422. Who killed Kharak Singh ?
The Dogras
423. Who was the successor of Maharaja Kharak Singh ?
Maharaja Sher Singh became successor on January 18, 1841 A.D.
424. When was Maharaja Sher Singh murdered ?
September, 1843 A.D.
425. Who was the successor ?
Duleep Singh, son of Maharani Jind Kaur.
426. When was the First Anglo-Sikh war fought ?
427. When was the Second Anglo-Sikh war fought ?
428. Who started the Nakali Nirankari or "Narakhdari" Movement ?
"Baba" Dyal founded the Nirankari Darbar at Rawalpindi in 1851 A.D. (this body later took the form of a cult.) They claim their fake baba is the next Guru.
429. What does Narakhdari mean ?
Those persons with hellish thoughts.
430. Who started the Nakali Namdhari Movement (also known as Kuka Movement) ?
The founder was "Bhai" Balak Singh but his follower "Baba" Ram Singh Namdhari gave it a more positive orientation. They also claim their fake baba is the next Guru.
431. Why did the Sikh Sangat of Panja Saheb want to stop the train passing through the Panja Saheb railway station ?
To feed the Akali prisoners from Guru-ka-Baagh, who had not been given any food by the British authorities
432. Who were the two Sikhs who were crushed to death under the train at Panja Saheb ?
Partaap Singh and Karam Singh
433. At Guru-ka-Baagh, what was the name of the British official who ordered the merciless beating of non-violent, protesting Akalis ?
S.G.M. Beatty
434. At Guru-ka-Baagh, how many Akalis ended up in the hospital as a result of the merciless beatings given by the British ?
904 hospitalized
435. What was the name of the Udaasi Mahant who lodged the complaint that the Akalis were cutting timber from Gurdwara land ?
Sundar Das
436. When did the massacre at Jallianwaala Baagh occur ?
April 13, 1919 A.D.
437. Who ordered his troops to fire on the unarmed men, women and children assembled at Jallianwaala Baagh ?
General Dyer
438. How many people were massacred at Jallianwaala Baagh ?
309 Sikhs killed at Jallianwaala Baagh
439. Why did Udham Singh assassinate Sir Michael O'Dwyer ?
Sir Michael O'Dwyer used to be the Lt. Governor of Punjab who had approved General Dyer's actions at Jallianwaala Baagh
440. The massacre at Jallianwaala occurred as a result of a violation of a set of laws passed by the British Government in India. What was the set of laws called and why were they passed ?
The Rowlatt Act - intended to combat revolutionary struggle for freedom
441. Who was elected the new president of the S.G.P.C. (Shiromani Gurdwara Parbhandak Committee) in 1921 ?
Baba Kharak Singh
442. When the Golden Temple, the Akal Takht and the adjoining Gurdwaras in Amritsar had passed into the control of the Akalis in October 1920, who was the government-appointed Manager of the Golden Temple ?
Sardar Sunder Singh Ramgarhia
443. Who had the possesion of the keys to the Toshakhana ?
The government-appointed Manager of the Golden Temple, Sardar Sunder Singh Ramgarhia.
444. In the "Keys Affair", on what date were the keys returned to the S.G.P.C. ?
January 19, 1922
445. Who described the return of the keys to the Golden Temple treasury to Baba Kharak Singh as the "first decisive battle won" ?
M.K. Gandhi
446. What are the most important works of Bhai Vir Singh Ji ?
1. Guru Nanak Chamatkar
2. Kalgidhar Chamatkar
3. Baba Nodh Singh
4. Merey Saeeyan Jeeo
447. What title was Bhai Vir Singh Ji given by the Government of India ?
Padam Shiri
448. Bhai Vir Singh Ji was a reputed novelist too. Name some of his important works.
1. Sundri
2. Bijay Singh
3. Satwant Kaur
449. In which year did the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabhandak Committee (S.G.P.C.) accorded their acceptance of the present form of the Sikh Rehat Maryada (Sikh Code of Conduct) ?
By their resolution No. 14 of 12th October, 1936. (The S.G.P.C.'s Advisory Committee on Religious Matters again considered the draft in its meeting on 7th January, 1945 and made recommendations for certain additions to and deletions from it.)
450. Guru Granth Saheb contains the compositions of how many Bhagats ? Name them.
Fifteen Bhagats. They are :
1. Jai Dev
2. Nam Dev
3. Trilochan
4. Parmanand
5. Sadna
6. Ramanand
7. Beni
8. Dhanna
9. Pipa
10. Sain
11. Kabir
12. Ravidas
13. Farid
14. Surdas
15. Bhikhan
451. Which Bhagat has contributed the highest number of hymns in Guru Granth Saheb ?
Bhagat Kabir Ji (541 hymns out of a total of 922 by 15 bhagats)
452. In what year was Kabir Ji born ?
453. What caste did Kabir Ji belong to ?
454. What was the hereditary occupation of Kabir Ji ?
455. Who was Kabir's Guru (teacher) ?
Swami Ramanand
456. Name the two collections of Kabir Ji's works.
Kabir Granthavali and Bijak
457. When was Farid Ji born ?
458. Guru Granth Saheb contains the compositions of how many 'Bhatta's ? Name them.
Eleven Bhattas. They are :
1. Mathra
2. Jalap
3. Harbans
4. Bal
5. Sal
6. Bhal
7. Kulh Sahar
8. Nal
9. Kirat
10. Gayand
11. Bhikha
459. What are 'Chaupadas' ?
Hymns of four verses.
460. What are 'Ashtapadas' ?
Hymns of eight verses.
461. How many cantos (Ashtapadas) are contained in Sukhmani Saheb ?
24 (Twenty Four)
462. According to the index of Ragas at the end of Guru Granth Saheb Ji, what is the total number of Ragas and Raginis ?
84 (Eighty Four)
463. How many has the Guru used ?
31 (Thirty One), the first being Sri Raag and the last Jaijavanti.
464. Name these 31 Ragas
1. Sriraag
2. Majh
3. Gauri
4. Aasa
5. Gujri
6. Devgandhari
7. Bihagarha
8. Vadhans
9. Sorath
10. Dhanasari
11. Jaitsari
12. Todi
13. Baerari
14. Tilang
15. Suhi
16. Bilawal
17. Gond
18. Ramkali
19. Nat Narayan
20. Mali Gourha
21. Maru
22. Tukhari
23. Kedara
24. Bhairou
25. Basant
26. Sarang
27. Malar
28. Kanrha
29. Kalyan
30. Prabhati
31. Jaijavanti
465. What are the contents of 'Dasam Granth' ?
1. Jaap Saheb
2. Bichitra Natak
3. Akal Ustat (includes the 10 sawaye of the daily Sikh prayer)
4. Shabad Hazare
5. Sawaya Tatees
6. Zaffarnama
7. Chandi Charitra
8. Gian Parbodh
9. Chaubis Avtaar
10. Shastra Nam mala
11. Hikayat
12. Charitropakhyan


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Welcome to episode 148 of the LJS Podcast where today we are taking a look back at the year 2018 and everything that has happened in the Learn Jazz Standards community. It's been an eventful year, and lots of great content, courses, and eBooks have come out. We talk about the top 5 downloaded episodes as well as my top 2 favorites!
Listen to episode 148At the time this episode is published, it is New Years Eve 2018, just about to launch into 2019.
Subscribe and Leave a Rating and Review!
It's common to reflect at the end of the year and see what happened. I thought it would be a great idea to take a look back at what happened at Learn Jazz Standards and all of the great stuff we came out with.
2018 was a massive year for Learn Jazz Standards and I want to thank all of the podcast listeners and members of our community for being a part of it. You guys are what makes LJS awesome!
Whether it was podcast episodes, videos, blog posts, eBooks, or courses, a lot has happened and I want to make sure you didn't miss any of it.
Here's what I talk about in today's episode:
1. New things that happened on the podcast.
2. New things that happened on our YouTube channel.
3. The Facebook Group for the LJS community.
4. New eBooks and courses we came out with.
5. Top 5 downloaded podcast episodes of 2018.
6. My personal favorite 2 episodes of 2018.
Below are links to everything I mentioned in this podcast episode. Feel free to check them out, and make sure that you didn't miss any of our top stuff before moving into 2019.
Important Links
30 Steps to Better Jazz Playing
Top 5 Downloaded Episodes in 2018
#1: LJS 124- The Only Big 3 Things You Need to Be Practicing As a Jazz Musician
#2: LJS 110- How to Start Crushing It On the Blues
#3: LJS 97- Using the 80/20 Rule for Productive 30 Minute Practice
#4: LJS 100- My Jazz Mentor Gives You His Best Jazz Tips and Advice
#5: LJS 114- Minor Tonality and How to Build Minor Chord Progressions
Brent's Top 2 Episodes of 2018
LJS 127: How to Maintenance Practice to Keep Up Your Jazz Skills


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text:
- Employer: Shelter
- Reference: .
- Published: Mon 07/10/2019, 15:22 PM
- Closing on: Sun 27/10/2019, 23:30 PM
- Working Pattern: Full Time
- Hours: To be confirmed
- Salary: £33,731.84 pa plus excellent benefits inc. 30 days holiday and flexible working
- DBS Check: No
- Location: London EC1 , Corporation of London
Vacancy Location
More InformationMore about this employer
Public Affairs Officer
Closing date: 27 October 2019 at 11.30pm
Please note, our website will be down from 18th October at 5pm until 23rd October at 5pm. We are sorry for any inconvenience caused. Please ensure you complete your application form before this date as you will not be able to access your application form or start an application during this time.
We're looking for a politically engaged individual with experience of working in parliament, public affairs or a related political field, to join us as Public Affairs Officer and develop and implement impactful public affairs strategies to shape opinion and win change.
A home is a fundamental human need, as essential as education or healthcare. Yet millions of people across Britain struggle on a daily basis with homelessness, bad housing conditions, soaring rents, discrimination and the threat of eviction. So, we are striving for change — with individuals, in communities, across society – and leading the way to a safe home. We need ambitious, best-in-class individuals who are passionate about our cause to join us at this exciting time. This is your chance to play a part in the fundamental change we are striving to achieve.
Our Public Affairs team is responsible for achieving political change and building relationships across the political and policy world to help us achieve our goals. Major priorities over the coming year include our work pushing for a new model of housebuilding, reform of the private rented sector and affordable housing, and campaigns around affordable housing. Whoever joins us in this challenging role will be critical to the delivery of all of these projects, and much more besides.
About the role
As a Public Affairs Officer, you'll work on a range of impactful public affairs strategies with other Shelter teams and make sure all campaigns are built on sound theories of change informed by an understanding of what makes decision makers act. We'll also rely on you to produce high quality briefings, publications and other materials and help develop and deliver approaches to communicating with specific public affairs audiences via the most appropriate channels. Playing your part in stakeholder management by helping to identify key public affairs stakeholders, both nationally and locally, and develop and maintaining effective relationships with them, will be important too. And, when it comes to advising and supporting senior colleagues in their political relationships with ministers and senior advisers, again, we'll count on you to deliver.
About you
As well as a keen appreciation of what motivates decision makers to act, you have a good understanding of how the political and policy making system operates and the confidence to represent us externally. You also have experience of developing political insights to inform effective influencing strategies and a track record of planning and delivering successful and innovative projects. Excellent all round communication skills are a must have too, including a proven ability to translate complex ideas into compelling messages for political audiences and effectively make a case, both in writing and in person. Strategic in approach, with an innate ability to see the bigger picture and focus on the end goal, you can also bring a flair for integrating public affairs with policy, media, public focused campaigns and services activities.
We offer a wide range of benefits, including 30 days of annual leave, enhanced family friendly policies, pension and interest free travel loans. Our employees also have access to a tenancy deposit loan, cycle to work scheme and an employee assistance programme.
Shelter helps millions of people every year struggling with bad housing or homelessness through our advice, support and legal services. And we campaign to make sure that, one day, no one will have to turn to us for help. We're here so no one has to fight bad housing or homelessness on their own.
To find out more about the role and the benefits of working for Shelter please visit our website. Apply to be part of our team and be the change you want to see in society.
Safeguarding is everyone's business. Shelter is committed to protecting the health, wellbeing and human rights of those we support, and enabling them to live free from harm, abuse and neglect. All our staff will be expected to observe professional standards of behaviour and conduct their work in line with our Safeguarding Policies.
At Shelter, we welcome and encourage applications from everyone regardless of age, disability, gender, ethnicity, religion and sexual orientation. We are facing diverse problems, so need diverse people to tackle them.
Shelter does not accept unsolicited CVs from external recruitment agencies nor accept the fees associated with them.


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The many signs scattered in the roads says "Car-free Zone". For the most residents it means less pollution and welfare in the roads where children can freely run. How they achieve it? The answer is bikes. Christiania is in the world bike's history. Here was invented the "ladcykel" (cargo bikes) also called as boxcycles.
Many different models are shared in two exclusive shops. One of them still produces the cargo bikes in here. They have a huge workshop and the different models are located at the sidewalk. The other one does have a beautiful show window where the bikes are exposed like jewels.
It's really pretty to watch parents carrying on their children from the kindergarten at the evening.
Precious Bikes
Shop and Workshop of Christiania Bikes


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Tropical Storm Andrea is visiting and she's a pretty bad guest. So as I scuttled home tonight, narked by the downpour, I spotted one of the city's small pop up libraries on Prince Street and nipped inside for some shelter. Now, when I say small, we're talking mini. Inside this library – which is one …Read More
June 7, 2013