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Transcript Drift chamber test DAQ software
Process and Data Flow Control in KLOE E. Pasqualucci (INFN - Roma) [email protected] Outline • System overview • Process structure and local communication • SNMP and remote communication • Process control • Data Flow Control system • DFC monitor DAQ system architecture ~ 23000 FEE channels @ 2.5 kHz f + bckg (~10 kHz) Bandwidth: ~ 50 Mbytes/s (5 Kbyte/ev.) Storage: 200 Tbyte/y F C V D P I D U C I R O C K M A A A R V U D D O I ... X C C C C M 16 1 K VIC Tested with peak rates of 10 kHz in multibunches mode. Tested at maximum required throughput using no zero suppressed calorimeter data Trigger chain A A A R V U D D O I ... X C C C C M 16 1 K A A A R V U D D O I ... X C C C C M 16 1 K DFC system A A A R V U D D O I ... X C C C C M 16 1 K VIC F C V D P I D U C I F C V V D P I I D U C C I R O C K M ... FDDI Run Control FDDI Switch Monitor System CPU server CBUS ... Storage system CPU server F C V V D P I I D U C C I R O C K M Level-2 crates DAQ software organization Level 1 chain DFC system Data Map data Messages Traps VME Chain tools Collector simulation CmdSrv Level 2 GeoVme map Circ Monitor system Sender SpyBuff dmap RSpyD Didone FDDI switch Receiver SpyD RunCtl Circ Builder Recorder CmdSrv SlowCtl system Farm Circ (Ybos) To Disk/Tape Farm status Spy dump Process structure – Msg Q creation – Shmem subscription – Shmem space allocation for variables • Main Loop – Process Event – Process Command – Idle time • Interrupt Handler – Extract command from Msg Q. Id Contents Mapping Process number Header Pointer to 1st process Proc. 1 Pointer to 2nd process Processes • Initialization Process name Process id Message queue id Process status Last command Last command status Number of variables Variable 1 Variable 2 ….. Proc. 2 Pointer to 3rd process ….. All Local communication • Getting a variable: Id Header Pointer to 1st process Locates the process Gets its id and message Q Puts command to Q Sends an interrupt Polls on command status – The receiver: • Reads the Q • Writes the command and status and executes it • Writes the command status (acknowledgement) Proc. 1 Pointer to 2nd process My process Process name Process id id My process My Message Q id queue id Process status Stop Last command ! Executing Last command status Success Number of variables Variable 1 Variable 2 My variable = value ….. Proc. 2 Pointer to 3rd process ….. Processes • Sending a command: • • • • • Mapping Process number • Locate process • Locate variable – The sender: Contents signal My process Stop Q ! All Managing the DAQ network • SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) • Largely used to manage network devices • Defined as a standard by the IETP (Internet Engineering Task Force) • Implemented using a reliable UDP protocol • Used to retrieve and/or set information about : – – – – network configuration traffic faults accounting • Managed objects defined in a Manager Information Base (MIB) defined by IETP • Private extensions of the standard MIB are allowed • Public domain software, allows the implementation of : – dedicated agents – utilities for remote access SNMP client-server policy • MIB – Variables organized as a tree • Primitives: – get, get-next, set • Each device runs a daemon able to: – Understand MIB requests – Obtain required information – Execute required actions • Trap mechanism • KLOE uses SNMP to: – – – – Control DAQ devices and network Implement message distribution Implement process control Implement Data Flow Control (DFC) The command server and the KLOE MIB sub-tree iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2 system(1) KLOE(13) sysServices(7) sysDescr(1) sysLocation(6) sysObjectID(2) sysName(5) sysUpTime(3) sysContact(4) kprocNumber(1) kprocVarTable(3) kprocTable(2) kprocEntry(1) …. kprocesses(1) kprocVarEntry(1) kprocVarValue(n,6) kprocVarProcIndex(n,1) kProcVarIndex(n,2) kprocVarNumber(8) kprocVarName(n,3) kprocIndex(1) kprocName(2) kprocId(3) kprocLastCommandStatus(7) kprocLastCommand(6) kprocMsgQId(4) kprocStatus(5) kprocVarType(n,5) kprocVarSize(n,4) Message system implementation Node A Run Control Node B locate process send command SNMP ack Command Server put command second ack req INT second ack get process variables Msg Q Shared Memory write last command and status executing execute command write command status (success, fault) DAQ Process get command Remarks and performance • Command server – DAQ process • receives commands and shares variables – Command distributor • Run and process control tools – tcl/tk commands implemented • get variable, send message – Fortran interface for old fashioned software – Portable • AIX, OSF1, HP-UX, Solaris, Linux, LynxOS supported • Optimized library – Parallel message distribution implemented • Performance • Local command ~1.2 ms • Remote variable reading ~1.2 ms • Remote command completion ~4 ms Production process control command command + start trap signal check pcd OffCtl Control node cmdsrv Production node locpc Shmem (variables) Proc_2 Proc_1 DAQ system architecture A A A R V U D D O I ... X C C C C M 16 1 K A A A R V U D D O I ... X C C C C M 16 1 K VIC A A A R V U D D O I ... X C C C C M 16 1 K Trigger chain F C V D P I D U C I R O C K M DFC system A A A R V U D D O I ... X C C C C M 16 1 K VIC F C V D P I D U C I F C V V D P I I D U C C I R O C K M ... FDDI Run Control FDDI Switch Monitor System CPU server CBUS ... Storage system CPU server F C V V D P I I D U C C I R O C K M Level-2 crates The DFC System • Changes the packet distribution sequence – Avoids slow-down in data transmission and blocking timeouts • Keeps latency under control DFC status TS VIC bus shmem Flow table Network and trigger stat Performance stat Statistics Commands Traps Flow table data DFCd DFC Flow table latmon Collector Receiver RunCtl Receiver protocol • • • • Receives event sub-packets through the GigaSwitch Put packets into multiple circular buffer Implements DFC and LatMon farm interface Dynamic thresholds 0.5 MB/s TCP/IP on FDDI ... 0.5 MB/s 0.5 MB/s Select and copy sub-event packets If last # arrived ... To LatMon Get max occupancy If "full" Send trap "full" If "empty" after "full" To DFC system EVB (1) EVB (n) Send trap "empty" Send LatMon trap (#) DFC Protocol DFC data in VME shared memory • Initialization: – Wait for "trap" – On trap (full/empty): – Sends auto-test traps N. of RECV nodes IP addresses Flags 111111…1111 00 trigger Validity Flags 111101…1111 0 ... • Reads the last trigger number from Trigger Supervisor • Creates next table • Modifies the validity of the previous table DFC map • Main Loop: Max number of tables Flow tables – Builds Network Map – Builds DFC map (ordered list of RECV IP addresses) – Creates the first table with Infinity Trigger number validity DFC algorithm and performance • Validity: – v = t0 + (ttr + (tdfc + ksdfc))*(n + ksn) + t • k=5 – autotest • DFCd reaction time (trap): – 1.2 ms • DFC reaction time: – – – – tlocal ~ 1.2 ms trigger interaction ~6-7 ms tdfc ~ O(10-2) ms total 10 ms • DFC-L2 interaction rate: – ~ 1 table / 50 ms (sustained) • DFC "dead time" implemented The DFC status monitor Packet latency • Latency measurements: – SNMP traps sent to LatMon: • Collector trap when the packet # is released for sender • Receiver trap when all the sub-packets # arrived • Test for receiver's buffers Summary • A fast and reliable message system has been implemented using standard UNIX mechanisms and the SNMP protocol • Very simple to use – process template + command definition – fortran and tcl/tk interface • Allows full process control • A Data Flow Control system has been developed using message system and SNMP traps • It allows to redirect network traffic taking into account the dynamics of the whole system • Dynamic redefinition of thresholds • It successfully ran during KLOE data acquisition


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About Us
Iranak is a division (subsection, branch) of the Institute for Research on the History of Children's Literature in Iran. It was launched in 2006 and entitled the Database for Children's Literature and Culture in Iran. The aims and prospects of this virtual institution were revised after a period of outcome evaluation and thus from 2011, Iranak was divided into two sections: the database and a virtual museum. The aim of this separation was for each section to serve as the complementary feature of the other in order to better display the world of childhood.
Additionally, the Iranak database has been established with the aim of assisting researchers, students, professors, writers, illustrators, librarians and all those who are involved, interested and in need of such data on children's literate and culture.
The virtual museum of Iranak aims at providing a bridge between our childhood heritage, the cultural community and those interested in the world of childhood. The museum display will assist interested communities in both developing an understanding for the value of sources, documents and the cultural and biological experiences of this age group and also in better maintenance of such sources and documents or in their donation to professional institutions such as the Institute for Research on the History of Children's Literature in Iran. In addition to studies and research, the Institute will also provide a safe place for the maintenance of such donations.
The Institute's many years of experience in the compilation of data, documents and sources demonstrates the broad scope of research and focus on children and youth. Children's lives cover several areas such as health, education, rights, work, art and culture, clothes, games, entertainment and many other fields. In each field, hundreds and at times thousands of documents can be found that come into use once the relevant information processing measures have been completed. Raw data is processed, edited and then placed in relevant sections, i.e. the data base or the virtual museum, for the use of researchers. Quick and easy access to comprehensive information about the culture of childhood in Iran is not only beneficial for Iranian researchers but will also be useful to researchers from other countries in their comparative studies with historical and global perspectives.
The data covers a wide range of themes and topics in two sections and from two standpoints: "about children and youth" and "for children and youth". The age group is 0-16. The topics include: history of children and youth literature, oral literature (legends, lullabies and fairy tales), written literature, character analysis of children's literature, world literature for children and youth, Iranian literature for children and youth, cultural centres for children and dependent fields such as education, health and medicine, games and toys, child rights, printing and publishing, biographies, information centres, education centres and children's tools.
From Ancient Iran to 1979
Iranak's primary language is Persian. Some sections in the database and the virtual museum are also available in English and shall be gradually added to relevant fields. Additionally, in Iranak all subject keywords are available in both Persian and English.
- Farzaneh Taheri
- Mehrdad Yazdian
- Maryam Akhgari
- Leila Kaffash Zadeh
- Hedieh Masud Ansari
- Mehrdad Mohammadi
The core of this database rests on compiled data for reference books on "History of Children's Literature in Iran". On November 12th 2006, this database was launched with a total of 13 thousand data records. After 5 years, the database was fully revised; earlier shortcomings were resolved and new data was added for the use of researchers and those interested in children's language and culture in Iran. The structure of the database has been designed in such way that researches have direct access to descriptive information, abstracts and images in need. In certain cases, full copies of documents will also be introduced.
Database Main Sections:
All data are compiled from different sources based on subject matter and date and are categorized in different sections based on the information they provide.
Written Sources:
- Articles
- Theses
- Reports and Brochures/Pamphlets
- Documents
- Child Rights
Visual Sources:
- Images
- Pictures
- Posters
Audio-visual Sources:
- Film
- Audio Materials
- Institutions
- Publishers
- Awards in Literature and Arts
- Conferences, Festivals, Exhibitions
Throughout the years and with the help of supporters and admirers of childhood culture, the Institute for Research on the History of Children's Literature has been able to collect a great number of children's toys, educational tools and cultural materials with the aim of establishing a museum of childhood culture. In 2010 and after a period of 10 years, efforts towards this aim were realized with preparations for the launch of a virtual museum that not only provided a linkage with communities interested in childhood culture but also stood as a an additional steo toward the establishment of an actual museum of childhood in Iran. To this end, full certificates have been provided for all existing documents and materials within the virtual museum, all of which are on display for public view. It is hoped that the value of these collections shall be understood. It is also hoped that those who believe in the need for better maintenance of such collections will join hands with us so that with our unity and in the very near future, a museum of childhood can be established in Iran.
Virtual Museum's Main Sections
- Toy Vehicles
- Action Figure Toys
- Educational Toys
- Doll Houses
- Interactive Toys ( Visual)
- Interactive Toys ( Musical)
- Traditional Toys
- Handmade Toys / Toys Made by People ( Folk Toys)
- National Toys / Toys of Nations
- Other Toys
- National Costume Dolls / Dolls of Nations
- Puppets
- Stuffed Animals
- Dolls made by People (Folk Dolls)
- Statues
- Stationary
- Student Tools
- Facilities for Educational Institutions
- Educational and Supplementary Tools
- Seals and Logos
- Arts and Crafts
- Accessories
- Overclothes
- Hats
- Shoes
- Exhibitive
- Children's Tools
- Games
- Musical Instruments

subset: commoncrawl


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We are very sorry to hear that. With the explosive growth of the app and the extreme variation of schedules, we tried to account for all possible issues that may arise. However, we acknowledge that we aren't perfect, but are always trying to improve the app.
First, please make sure that your app is up to date. We may have already fixed your particular issue. You can check for updates at the following links:
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If your app is up to date, please submit a support ticket above with all the information you can. Is it crashing when you do something specific (like hit a certain button)? Does it always crash at a certain time during the schedule refresh? Does the app completely shut down or does it stay open and display an error message? If so, what was the error message (exactly if you can, or a screenshot would be best)?
We can't fix what we don't know about, so please let us know and we'll get it working for you.


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It is part of a national championships with two categories for male athletes who will compete with two-stroke and four-stroke engine motorbikes.
The women will race with 110cc vehicles.
Competitors will have two days to train before their event.
Organisers said a total of 44 racers, six female, have registered for the annual championships. The highest-finishers will be sent to an intensive training course in Malaysia, according to the Viet Nam Cycling and Motor Sport Federation. — VNS


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Positioning for Sales Success
Just as we were starting our coaching conversation, I could immediately tell Josh was not in a good place. It was the start of the year and he had been calling his agent clients all day looking for new sales opportunities. "It's always the same drill", he said. "I spend half the time just trying to get the right person on the phone and when I finally do, the outcome is all too often the same." It seemed to me, Josh was in the old familiar sales rut of prospecting for leads rather positioning for sales success.
I asked how he was approaching people on these calls to which he said something like, "Hi Mr. Agent, Josh here. I hope your year is off to a great start. I'm calling to say thank you for the business last year and we hope to do even more with you this year. Are you working on any cases I might be able to help you resolve?" Of course, the agent would respond with the typical "nothing at the moment but thanks for the call." It's a game of hit and miss.
These days' sales professionals must be more than good persuaders and communicators. They must be able to win over the client or prospects complete trust and confidence. They must demonstrate an authentic desire to help them solve their problems, achieve their goals and satisfy their needs. This is about mastering the art of positioning.
There's an old adage that success happens at the intersection of preparation and opportunity. The formula for sales success is the same and synonymous with positioning. We position ourselves for sales success by preparing and being at the right place at the right time for opportunities to show up. So let's talk about these three key topics…preparation, place and timing.
Preparation is about being a valuable and trusted resource for the client or prospect. The key is building trust and the best way to build trust is to demonstrate an authentic desire to understand, empathize and appreciate where they are and want to be. The late great Stephen Covey put it this way, "Seek first to understand, then to be understood." Trust grows as your words and actions prove you put their best interest ahead of your own. The simplest way to do this is by asking bigger questions. Invest time to understand their vision, goals, desires and needs. Try to understand the "why" behind them as well. As you learn more about these things, look for ways to help them accelerate the achievement cycle. Get out of the box with this one and think of all the ways you could be of value to them. Remember the key is to provide value beyond just offering help with your products and services.
Being able to solve specific problems and satisfy needs related to your products and services is a given. If you don't have the answers, you better know who does and have quick access to them when the opportunity arises. The bigger point is you must invest in your networks, knowledge and resources beyond the narrow focus of your self-serving need for additional business. In doing so, you can connect them to others who can help, deliver a piece of knowledge that advances their agenda and even provide some resource to improve their situation. The personal win of additional business will come as a result of your preparedness and being at the right place at the right time.
The second most critical part of the formula is what I'm referring to as being at the right place. Rather than thinking of "place" as a location, think of it as a context of communication with two distinct components, who you're communicating with and in what way. The "who" is the first priority. If you're not communicating with the right person, preparation and timing are essentially worthless. We have to make sure we're investing the preparation time cultivating relationships with the right person which requires communicating in the most effective context. Context could be a phone call, an on-site visit, formal or informal. Part of the preparation process means understanding the client or prospect well enough to know the best context for communication.
Lastly, for sales success to happen we must find the right rhythm of communication otherwise referred to as timing. With the right preparation in the relationship, creating the right context for communication, we can sync up on the frequency of touches needed to be aware of opportunities and help them solve problems, especially where our products and services are suitable.
Think about it, the more preparation you do to create a value based relationship, the more frequently your client or prospect will likely want to talk with you. How much better would it be to have pre-scheduled calls every few weeks or months than to make unannounced random calls typically when you feel pressured to generate more sales? By having an intentional "touch point strategy" and gaining agreement from the client or prospect, you could have calls scheduled out months in advance avoiding those long hours on the phone chasing people down only to get a cold shoulder.
After explaining all this to Josh, he really "got it." Over the next few weeks he segmented his list of contacts to focus on those agents he felt had the greatest potential for building a relationship and growing their business. When he called them, he let them know the purpose of his call was to schedule a longer call to really understand their business, their goals for the year and what they felt were the biggest obstacles for success in order to help them be more successful. Needless to say, he was in an entirely different mood on our next call, excited and surprised by how effective this mental shift and approach had been. In fact, his biggest shock was finding out they wanted to talk to him much more frequently than he had imagined. Josh is now positioned to have his most productive year ever and secure the loyalty of his top agents for years to come.
Your reality could be the same. Position yourself as a valuable and indispensable resource. Invest in preparation. Create the right context of communication with your highest potential prospects and clients. And make sure you develop a touch point strategy to be communicating with them when opportunity strikes!
For more on this and other ways to grow your business, visit us at www.roicoachingsolutions.com.
"This content was originally published in NAFA Annuity Outlook magazine (AnnuityOutlookMagazine.com) and is reprinted with permission."
Todd Mauney is an author, speaker, behavioral specialist and 15 year financial industry veteran strategic coach who's empowered thousands of business owners, advisors and agents to grow their business by 30% of more, have a lot of fun doing it and enjoy their best life now with more free time and resources. He's founder and President of ROI Coaching Solutions, a coaching consultancy specializing in leadership and business development strategies for financial professionals. Prior to starting his firm, Todd also co-founded and served as President of ProAdvisor Coach for 7 years growing it by more than 300% leveraging his previous 16 years' entrepreneurial experience and top award winning sales leadership roles with Fortune 500 powerhouses Pitney Bowes, Konica Business Machines and ADP National Accounts. For more information about Todd Mauney and ROI Coaching Solutions, please visit www.myroicoach.com or call 704-634-3180.


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Contact details
You are introduced by story to the leprechaun and fairy cavern by Ireland's last Leprechaun Whisperer" McCoillte". Located below Ghan Road opposite the Carlingford Sailing Club just a seven minute walk from the town centre.
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Want to know more? Ask a question in our Community, they're the people who know Ireland best.
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If you're a visitor from the island of Ireland you may want to visit one of these sites… Otherwise proceed to Ireland.com
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Dani Christmas is caught with 500 meters to go in Westhoek
Just 500 meters made the difference at Omloop van de Westhoek (1.2 UCI), the first classic race for the Bizkaia Durango-Euskadi Murias UCI Women's Team this season. Dani Christmas was caught by the bunch with half a kilometer to go when she was in a solo chasing group just behind the final winner Floortje Mackaij (SUN).
During the whole race the British rider fought in the main favorites' group, as well as her teammate Lucía González, who ended up the race in 23rd place.
At 5 kilometers from the finish line the attacks started. Mackaij was the first rider to attempt a breakaway and Sofie De Vuyst (DVE) tried to follow her wheel — but she couldn't. Behind De Vuyst, Dani Christmas tried to join Mackaij too, and she stayed around 3 kilometers chasing Mackaij. Christmas attacked again within the last kilometer of the race, but she was caught by the bunch with only 500 meters to go.
Quotes from Dani Christmas after Omloop van de Westhoek: "It was a hectic race with so many cobbled sections! I was always fighting to be at the front. It was hard all the time, but I tried in a breakaway with De Vuyst with 5 kilometers to go, but she stopped, so I went after Mackaij alone. I tried, but I'm a little dissapointed for having been caught and not being able to be on the podium. We'll try next time again!"


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Back to Journals » International Journal of General Medicine » Volume 7
Accuracy of diagnoses predicted from a simple patient questionnaire stratified by the duration of general ambulatory training: an observational study
Authors Uehara T, Ikusaka M, Ohira Y, Ohta M, Noda K, Tsukamoto T, Takada T, Miyahara M
Received 30 August 2013
Accepted for publication 10 October 2013
Published 6 December 2013 Volume 2014:7 Pages 13—19
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S53800
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single-blind
Peer reviewer comments 5
Takanori Uehara,1,2 Masatomi Ikusaka,1 Yoshiyuki Ohira,1 Mitsuyasu Ohta,1,2 Kazutaka Noda,1 Tomoko Tsukamoto,1 Toshihiko Takada,1 Masahito Miyahara1
1Department of General Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 2Division of Rotated Collaboration Systems for Local Healthcare, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
Purpose: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of diseases predicted from patient responses to a simple questionnaire completed prior to examination by doctors with different levels of ambulatory training in general medicine.
Participants and methods: Before patient examination, five trained physicians, four short-term-trained residents, and four untrained residents examined patient responses to a simple questionnaire and then indicated, in rank order according to their subjective confidence level, the diseases they predicted. Final diagnosis was subsequently determined from hospital records by mentor physicians 3 months after the first patient visit. Predicted diseases and final diagnoses were codified using the International Classification of Diseases version 10. A "correct" diagnosis was one where the predicted disease matched the final diagnosis code.
Results: A total of 148 patient questionnaires were evaluated. The Herfindahl index was 0.024, indicating a high degree of diversity in final diagnoses. The proportion of correct diagnoses was high in the trained group (96 of 148, 65%; residual analysis, 4.4) and low in the untrained group (56 of 148, 38%; residual analysis, -3.6) (χ2=22.27, P<0.001). In cases of correct diagnosis, the cumulative number of correct diagnoses showed almost no improvement, even when doctors in the three groups predicted ≥4 diseases.
Conclusion: Doctors who completed ambulatory training in general medicine while treating a diverse range of diseases accurately predicted diagnosis in 65% of cases from limited written information provided by a simple patient questionnaire, which proved useful for diagnosis. The study also suggests that up to three differential diagnoses are appropriate for diagnostic prediction, while ≥4 differential diagnoses barely improved the diagnostic accuracy, regardless of doctors' competence in general medicine. If doctors can become able to predict the final diagnosis from limited information, the correct diagnostic outcome may improve and save further consultation hours.
Keywords: clinical reasoning, diagnostic accuracy, diagnostic reasoning, general medicine, Herfindahl index, predict disease
This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.Download Article [PDF] View Full Text [HTML][Machine readable]


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Emmanuel College students are covered by the University of Toronto Policy on Student Financial Support.
Eligibility is limited to Emmanuel College domestic basic degree students who are registered from September to August or January to August in a conjoint degree program, and who demonstrate financial need.
Students are expected to explore all other avenues of financial support before applying for an Emmanuel College bursary. Students who are ineligible for government loans may be considered for bursary support.
Students should not expect bursary support to cover total budget shortfall.
Application Deadline: September 21, 2018
To apply complete the application below and send to the Registrar via post, email or fax or bring it to the Emmanuel College Main Office in person.
Basic Degree Financial Assistance Application Form 2018_2019


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Poem: An IntroductionLeave a comment
July 8 by The Running Son
An Introduction
It's time I introduce me, myself.
Hi, I'm Jim. Glad to meet you.
Maybe we met before. I wouldn't know,
there are possibilities though,
interesting the directions this could go in,
Perhaps we met
but couldn't know a friends face
from a strangers soul. And so it goes
in this particular time, universal age,
space or unfortunate case
for a self we dwell in, or sin we sow.
It's quite possibly true. I say possible
because I only grow
in directions of impulses I know that I know
for sure are golden and prospect-able; revelations
and surging illumination that corresponds
to emanating signals
from my intuition
and senses,
form The Ground. Yes,
I hear Her wholly, I hear You,
that old worldly-wise presence and authority, the Cosmic Sound
The Everything and All.
Could anyone but She ever know me?
View original post 6 more words


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In the undermentioned essay I plan to research how early experiences of relationships relate to a child's subsequently societal and emotional development. Early relationships take the signifier of fond regards. Once a kid is born they develop a particular bond with another human being. this I believe is a relationship that provides a feeling of safety and security for the kid and one that relies on the trust a kid has for the individual who they portion this bond with i. e. their attachment figure from which geographic expedition of the universe begins. "Attachment theory is a manner of explicating the emotional bonds that kids develop with their carers. how important these are to their personal. societal and emotional development and what we observe when a kid is separated from the secure relationship of their primary health professional. " ( Read. 2010. p. 8 )
The cardinal inquiry I aim to turn to is 'are early relationships key in ulterior societal and emotional development? ' In other words. make the fond regards formed in early childhood have an consequence on stripling and grownup relationships? I plan to look into prima psychologists theories on the importance of early relationships including that of John Bowlby and will look at contrasting and back uping grounds and opposing theories. By looking at acceptance and want surveies I hope to bring out the effects of break to the formation of early relationships and from looking at different types of relationships I hope to detect how each consequence the societal and emotional development of a kid otherwise. When researching fond regards. we must foremost inquire ourselves what precisely fond regards are and how are they formed. First. it is widely agreed that fond regards are mutual bonds between two people that develop over clip and through interaction ( Bailey. et Al. . 2008 ) . Psychologists differ in their theories of how and why fond regards are formed and the importance of organizing them in a child's early old ages. The chief. most known theory that aims to account for fond regards is Bowlby's Evolutionary Theory ( 1951. 1969 ) .
His original expounding argued that affective ties between kids and their health professionals have a biological footing that is best understood in an evolutionary context. He believed that fond regard is adaptative and innate and that babies and carers are programed to go affiliated. He notes ( Parkinson. 2009 ) that an infant elicits caregiving through societal releasers such as weeping and smiling. these societal releasers encourage interaction and bonds are formed with health professionals that respond sensitively. From Bowlby's position. fond regard is a biological procedure. there is a critical period for organizing fond regards and after this clip it is no longer possible. He believed that this critical period is between birth and three old ages of age. However. after go oning his surveies for many old ages he changed his theory to include a sensitive period instead than a critical period ( Holmes. 1993 ) . he recognised that multiple fond regards are possible and that attachments to a parent/parent figure can be formed after the period of birth to three old ages but will non hold such a big influence on the child's subsequently societal and emotional development.
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Bowlby believed that fond regard plays a big function in ulterior life – that a kid forms one particular fond regard ( monotropic ) normally to their female parent that provides the footing for an internal working theoretical account. i. e. the footing of all subsequent relationships ( Parkinson. 2009 ) . He named this the continuity hypothesis. Pennington ( 1986 ) agrees in stating that many societal psychologists regard the first relationship as a paradigm ( design or theoretical account ) for future relationships in that it determines the manner a individual attacks and behaves and interacts with other people. Following on from Bowlby's work on attachment theory. Ainsworth et Al. ( 1978 ) developed a method for measuring how good attached a kid is to their female parent or health professional. In order to detect the child's fond regard strength she used a method called the unusual state of affairs. this method is made up of eight stairss with a chief focal point on the behavior the kid demonstrates at the separation and reunion with their female parent ( or identify attention giver ) .
The method besides looks at how good the kid uses their mother/caregiver as a secure base for geographic expedition and how good the kid is comforted by them following a mildly nerve-racking experience ( such as being left entirely ) . The unusual state of affairs has been used as an appraisal for 12 to 24 month olds in many states and on the footing of the child's shown behaviour they are categorised as holding one of four fond regard types that Ainsworth et Al developed. These are ; secure. insecure- avoidant. insecure- resistant and disorganised. A kid with a secure fond regard means a strong fond regard bond between the kid and their important other and in most western civilizations is considered the ideal fond regard. A kid who is firmly attached is more likely to research and socialise with the universe around them. hence giving them more chances to heighten their societal and emotional development.
On the other manus. the insecure infants explore less. which will necessarily hold an impact on their early societal and emotional development by curtailing their experiences of the universe. Kochanska ( 2001 ) carried out a longitudinal survey of kids aged 9 to 33 months ; he observed their emotions during standard research lab episodes that were designed to arouse fright. choler and joy. He found that over clip insecure- avoidant kids became more fearful. insecure- immune kids became less joyful and disorganized kids became angrier. but those kids with secure fond regards showed less fright. choler or hurt. We could utilize these findings to foretell that those kids who do non hold secure fond regards. their behavior and emotions will come on from what was seen in the survey. for illustration. the insecure-avoidant kids became more fearful. this may propose an anxiousness job in ulterior life. This being the instance. initial secure fond regards seem to be instead of import to a child's emotional development.
Oppenheim et Al ( 1988 ) used the unusual state of affairs demoing a unafraid fond regard at the age of 12months to the female parent. to foretell that wonder and job resolution occurred at age 2. nursery school societal assurance developed at age three with independency and empathy being predicted to take topographic point at age 5. This survey highlights the honoring effects of a secure fond regard being formed. nevertheless we can non state that it is specifically a secure fond regard in really early childhood that leads to these consequences. it could be that at whatever age a secure fond regard is formed it has positive effects on later development. By tossing this survey to see the effects of holding an insecure fond regard in early childhood. we could state that the consequences suggest that an insecurely attached kid would be less funny. less socially confident and less capable at job resolution and demoing empathy. There has been research into the relationship between attachment manner in early childhood and parenting manner and attachment types as grownups. Main et Al. ( 1985 ) developed a technique to mensurate fond regard in older adolescents and grownups ; they named it the Adult Attachment Interview. which is a semi-structured interview that looks at memories of early childhood experiences.
The cryptography of the transcripts does non concentrate on the experiences themselves but the interviewee's rating and contemplations of them. It was reported that the interview produced four chief forms ; Autonomous. Dismissive. Enmeshed and Unresolved. The forms express different parenting manners. Baumrind ( 1967 ) conceptualized a tabular array with heat and control dimensions ( see appendix 1 ) showing the features of each of these manners. Research into rearing manners confirmed that important parents were more likely to hold popular. pro-social kids whereas Authoritarian parents tended to hold more socially rejected kids ( Dekovic and Jassens 1992 ) . There have been several surveies over the last 20 old ages that have examined whether unusual state of affairs categorization in early childhood predict grownup fond regard interview categorization. Some of the surveies do happen important continuity of the three chief attachment types ; secure fond regards lead to independent 1s. avoidant to dismissive and resistant to ensnarl.
Surveies with these consequences highlight the importance of a unafraid fond regard as a kid without one may develop into an grownup with a peculiar fond regard type that may impede their lives socially and emotionally. By looking into surveies of break to fond regards we can specifically look at the effects of holding or non holding a monotropic fond regard in early childhood. There are three illustrations of break: separation. want and institutionalisation. The term want literally means the deficiency of something ; in this instance emotional want is the deficiency of fond regard. Privation can ensue from fortunes where kids lose their parents at an early age and spend clip in institutional attention. instead. from fortunes in which kids are neglected because their health professional is unable to care for them. There are two different types of survey that can be undertaken to bring out the effects of want. the first is instance surveies of kids who have been in utmost conditions such as disregard and have non been able to organize fond regards.
The 2nd type of survey is a survey of kids who have been brought up in establishments and adopted in subsequently childhood. Koluchova's ( 1972 ) instance survey of two twins who were brought up by their male parent. neglected from the age of 18 months to 7 old ages due to the decease of their female parent. showed that when they were discovered and taken into attention. given intensive rehabilitation and a secure place they. after clip. attained an mean IQ and became happy and societal male childs. This greatly suggests that an early monotropic fond regard with a female parent or female parent figure is non necessary to develop good societal accomplishments and an mean IQ later on in childhood. It could be concluded that in this instance it was a secure place that promotes good development.
That is non to state unafraid relationships do non hold an consequence on a child's societal and emotional development. the survey merely shows that of import. influential relationships can be formed at different phases of life. non merely in the first three old ages as Bowlby suggested. Clarke & A ; Clarke ( 1976 ) claim that if early experiences were so of import so the twins would be emotionally disturbed for the remainder of their lives. They conclude that at the really least they would endure terrible affectionless mental illness. but harmonizing to Koluchova's reappraisal. they did non. Koluchova ( 1972. ) references in this reappraisal that "The consciousness of the dealingss with the household is truly profound and makes the male childs feel safe and assured. Natural emotional bonds with all members of the household have arisen ; seemingly the relation with their Foster female parent. who is in a dominant place in the household. is emotionally deepest. "
This tells us that deep bonds are possible even after want in early childhood and it demonstrates that non holding these bonds in early childhood doesn't hinder a child's societal and emotional develop. it may merely detain it until they are able to organize close bonds with an attachment figure.
Tizard and Hodges ( 1989a. 1989b ) examined the effects of emotional want on 65 kids brought up in a children's place until they were 4yrs old. During this clip they were unable to organize fond regards to any of the grownups. By the age of 16 the kids had left the establishment. some had been adopted and some had been restored to their biological parents. The two groups were compared with a comparing group of kids reared in ordinary fortunes. The adoptive kids developed close fond regards to their adopting parents but merely half the restored kids formed close fond regards to their biological parents. This can be interpreted by oppugning whether failed first fond regards can of all time be re-built as in the instance of the restored kids and late first fond regards for the adoptee's were successful because they were new and did non hold old failure. Compared with the control group. both the adopted group and the restored group showed anxiousness symptoms and emotional jobs. which possibly reflects insecurity of their state of affairs. Alternatively. the symptoms could be a consequence of a deficiency of initial fond regard in the first three old ages of their lives as theorised by psychologists.
As I mentioned supra. during the Tizard and Hodges study the kids were non able to organize fond regards with any of the grownups in the establishments they were in. It is hard to cognize the grounds for this. but from my experience in surrogate attention. I can personally understand why it may hold been hard for the kids to organize fond regards with the grownups at their establishment. In my instance of fosterage ( for a twelvemonth in France ) . I didn't form any fond regards with the household I was with and we did non hold a peculiarly good relationship. I would state that my experience supports the thought that relationships are of import for societal and emotional development. without the fond regard and positive relationship. I feel my societal and emotional development was hindered as it resulted in backdown and a loss of assurance.
"Young kids experience their universe as an environment of relationships and these relationships affect virtually all facets of their development – rational. societal. emotional. physical. behavioral and moral"
( National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. 2004 ) Personally I feel that this quotation mark concludes nicely the theory of Bronfenbrenner ( 1986 ; 1995 ) . who developed the Ecological Model of Human Development ( see appendix 2 ) . He described the domains of influence in footings of homocentric circles with the kid at the Centre. Bronfenbrenner believed that relationships for kids link them to their community and so the first circle around the kid is the household as they are the most influential in footings of development. After this comes friends. school equals. vicinity. household societal web. the media and onto general societal norms. These factors all influence each other and all influence the kid. Parents are influenced by all the outer circles and by those that influence their kid. One of the advantages of this theoretical account is that it accounts for different civilizations. The Macrosystem ( outer circle of beliefs. political orientation and societal norms ) is different for every civilization and therefore affects the interior systems ( circles ) in a specific manner – indirectly holding a specific consequence on the kid at the Centre.
This means that the Macrosystem can even hold an consequence on the relationship between a female parent and kid ; this is demonstrated in an article named Death without Crying written by Nancy Scheper-Hughes. In the article she describes how low infant mortality rates in Brazilian hovel towns leads to the hold of fond regards being formed as it is considered inappropriate and lay waste toing in some instances to organize early fond regards before the age of 5. This shows how a culture's societal norms can hold such a big consequence on a relationship. in this instance it was non merely the fact that their kids were likely to decease but besides portion of the general beliefs of the civilization.
The female parents believed that their kids were small angles taken by God and that if no fond regard was formed so they would non be upset when they departed. But does this hold in attachment formation affect the female parent and child's subsequently relationship? Scheper-Hughes interviewed a immature adult male called Ze whose life she saved as a babe after his female parent declared him a lost cause. When she inquired who his best friend was he answered "My female parent. of course" . This opposes Bowlby's critical or sensitive period theory and shows that even though the attachment procedure began subsequently than the critical period. Ze managed to organize a unafraid fond regard with his female parent therefore proposing strong. secure fond regards can be made after the critical period.
Young children's emotional reactions are frequently affected by the emotional reactions of those around them. Empathy may account for the phenomenon of societal referencing. The deficiency or absence of interaction with another human being can be considered damaging to a child's emotional and possibly even societal development. Children frequently use a basic degree of societal citing with their important others ( parents or cardinal attention giver ) as an indicant of whether they are acting right. whether a state of affairs is safe or to bet on how they should be experiencing. it is easy to see how societal mention is really influential in footings of emotional and societal development. Boccia and Campos ( 1989 ) showed 8 month old babes responding in a friendly manner to aliens when their female parents showed warm facial looks and non so when their faces were worried.
I'm interested in looking at the specific influences relationships with siblings and equals have on a child's emotional and societal development. Sibling relationships are normally the longest a kid will of all time hold ; they occur early and exercise a profound consequence on a child's overall development. When looking at children's societal accommodation capablenesss. Moore et Al. ( 2001 ) found that relationships with parents. siblings and other household members are of import indexs of a child's ability to develop set uping societal accomplishments. The early interactions with siblings can besides bespeak future success in other spheres as good.
The ability to negociate struggle is one type of sibling interaction. from this interaction a kid can larn to modulate their emotions and besides learn societal accomplishments such as bend taking and sharing. From my observation of four sisters finishing a group activity. I saw that the youngest ( 6 old ages old ) . non merely had to work to modulate her emotions around her sisters. she besides observed and picked up techniques from them. This would propose that it is non merely emotional development that is enhanced by sibling relationships and interactions but cognitive development every bit good. The older misss demonstrated bend pickings and thought sharing ; the youngest could copy and expose in other societal scenes such a school.
Peers play a different. but every bit of import function in a child's societal and emotional development. Contrastingly to siblings. a kid is able to take the equals that they wish to develop a relationship with. Ladd ( 1983 ) found that 8 to 9 twelvemonth olds who were rejected by their equals engaged less in concerted drama and conversation and pass more clip controversy and contending. From these findings. it could be concluded that being rejected by equals at an early age could take to the development of anti-social behavior. this would clearly hold an consequence on the child's subsequently societal and emotional accomplishments.
"Psychologists have progressively acknowledged the importance and significance of childhood. particularly the early old ages. as a foundation for ulterior stripling and grownup functioning" ( Pennington. 1986. p. 18 ) and this can be seen in current pattern today. The term cardinal worker is comparatively new but is going more normally used these yearss ; the function of keyworker is where a certain figure kids are specifically assigned to a practician. The practician is so in charge of their group of children's public assistance within that puting. These yearss. there are two different attacks to managing fond regards within a scene. If a kid has a cardinal worker. so that individual Acts of the Apostless as an attachment figure to the kid. supplying the kid with a 'secure base' within the scene and hence advancing societal and emotional development. In certain baby's rooms. parents can pay extra for their kid to hold this attachment figure and in these instances the practician will hold small to make with the other kids at the scene.
The 2nd attack is the turning away of fond regards wholly. grounds for this may include a rigorous kid safety policy in which close relationships are frowned upon or else to avoid Acts of the Apostless of green-eyed monster and competition for attending amongst the kids. In summarizing and reasoning this treatment. it could be said that early experiences of relationships ( fond regards ) can hold profound effects on a child's societal and emotional development. We have looked at a figure of surveies that suggest if a kid misses out on certain experiences in early childhood such as a good equal relationship and a secure fond regard to a attention giver so this can ensue in a break to their development. The surveies I have analysed highlight the importance of early fond regards as Bowlby suggested in his theory ; nevertheless some of the surveies challenge the thought of a critical or sensitive period such as the Tizard and Hodges acceptance survey and Scheper-Hughes findings in Brazil. It is seen that there can be many factors set uping a child's development and that even their fond regards can be influenced by civilization or by the child's Macrosystem. We can see in current twenty-four hours pattern how of import early relationships are considered to be and from the grounds I have seen I believe. as do many psychologists ( Bowlby 1969. Pennington 1986. Rutter. 1980 ) that early experiences of relationships do organize a design for future experiences of relationships and we must trust that these early experiences are positive 1s otherwise the consequences could be harmful for the child's development.
Ainsworth. M. . Blehar. M. . Waters. E. & A ; Wall. S. . 1978. Forms of
Attachment: A Pstchological Study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Publishers. Bailey. J. et Al. . 2008. AQA Pstchology A AS: Students Book. London: 2008. Baumrind. D. . 1967. Child attention patterns predating three forms of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs. 75. 43-88. Boccia. M. & A ; Campos. J. J. . 1989. Maternal emotional signals. societal referencing. and infants' reactions to aliens. New Directions for Child Development. Issue 44. pp. 25-49. Bowlby. J. . 1951. Maternal Care and Mental Health. Geneva: World Health Organisation. Bowlby. J. . 1969. Attachment and Loss. London: Hogarth Press Bronfenbrenner. U. . 1986. Ecology of the household as a context for human development: Research positions. Developmental Psychology. Volume 22. pp. 723-742. Bronfenbrenner. U. . 1995. The biological position from a life class position. In: P. Moen. G. H. Elder & A ; K. Luscher. explosive detection systems. Analyzing lives in context. Washington. District of columbia: American Psychological Association. pp. 599-618. Clarke. A. & A ; Clarke. A. . 1976. Early Experiences: Myth and Evidence. Exeter: Open Books Publishing Limited. Dekovic. M. & A ; Jassens. J. . 1992. Parents' Childrearing manner and child's sociometric position. Developmental Psychology. 28. 925-932 Holmes. J. . 1993. John Bowlby & A ; Attachment Theory. London: Routledge. Koluchova. J. . 1976. A Report on the Futher Development of Twins After Severe and Prolonged Deprivation. In: A. Clarke & A ; A. Clarke. explosive detection systems. Early Experience: Myth and Evedence. Shepton Mallet. Somerset: Open Books Publishing Limited. pp. 56 – 66.
Ladd. G. . 1983. Effectiveness of a societal acquisition method for heightening children's societal interaction and equal credence. Child Development. Volume 52. pp. 171-178. Main. M. Kaplan. N. & A ; Cassidy. J. . 1985. Security in babyhood. childhood. and maturity: A move to the degree of representation. In: Bretherton. I. & A ; Waters. E. Ed. Turning points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 50 ( 1-2 Serial No. 209 ) Moore. K. A. . Evans. J. V. . Brooks-Gunn. J. & A ; Roth. J. . 2004. What are good kid results? . In: A. Thornton. erectile dysfunction. The well being of kids and households: Research and information demands. Ann Arbor. Michigan: University or Michigan Press. pp. 59-84. National Scientific Council on the Developing Child. 2004. Young kids develop in an
environment of relationships: Working Paper No. 1. [ Online ] Available at: World Wide Web. developingchild. Harvard University. edu
[ Accessed 12 01 2012 ] .
Oppenheim. D. . Sagi. A. & A ; Lamb. M. E. . 1988. Infant-adult fond regards on the kibbutz and the relation to socioemotional development four old ages subsequently. Developmental Pschology. Issue 24. pp. 427-433. Parkinson. S. . 2009. Bowlby's Attachment Theory. [ Lecture to AS Psychology Year 12 ] 7 October Pennington. D. C. . 1986. Essential Social Psychology. New York: Routledge. Read. V. . 2010. Developing Attachment in Early Years Settings: Nurturing Secure Relationships from Birth to Five Old ages. Oxon: Routledge. Rutter. M. . 1980. Developmental Psychiatry. London: William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd. Scheper-Hughes. N. . 1992. Death without crying: The Violence of mundane life in Brazil. Berkley. California: University of California Press Tizard. B. & A ; Hodges. J. . 1989a. IO and behavioral accommodation of ex-institutional striplings. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. Issue 30. pp. 53-75. Tizard. B. & A ; Hodges. J. . 1989b. Social and household relationships of ex-institutional striplings. Journal of Child Pyschology and Psychiatry. Issue 30. pp. 77-97.


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In music, some sounds are held longer than others, which is the basis of rhythm. In the meantime, we'll be relying on easy-to-follow graphics, simple rhythms and lots of repetition.
In Short and Long Stars, we …
- Learn that some sounds are long and some sounds are short
- Play short and long red stars in different combinations
- Continue our practice of singing and playing the Red Bell C, which is our home based for most of Preschool Prodigies.
Follow Up Activities
Inside the Chapter 1 workbook, you'll find worksheets for completing patterns that focus on note length and rhythm. The best way to expand on rhythm activities like this is to try playing the worksheets with a metronome. If you don't have a metronome, you can find one online (Google has one) or you can probably find a free one on whatever device you're using.
Metronomes work on the idea of beats per minute (BPM). Many of Preschool Prodigies songs are at 90 BPM because it's a great speed for learning songs. 60 BPM feels a little too slow for lots of songs, and while 120 BPM is the speed of a lot of popular music (and a great tempo to internalize), that's a little too fast for learning songs. Using your metronome to guide the pace of your music, try playing some of the song sheets from Chapter 1.
If you don't have an instrument, the Do hand-sign from 1.1 is to use in this video. Simply use the hand-sign instead of playing the red bell!
You can also encourage your learner to write down and sing out some of his or her own patterns using a red crayon!
You can also ask your child simple questions about what they learned in music this week. Some examples are…
- Can you sing 2 short notes and one long note while I clap my hands slowly?
- What color notes did you play for short and long sounds?
Can you play short and long sounds on any note? (Answer: yes)
- How many short notes made up one long one in your lesson? (Answer: 2)
What's Next?
In the next video, we'll be learning about the "Shh" note, also known as a rest. Understanding rests, short notes, and long notes will allow us to build on rhythms in different ways, so practice, practice, practice!
A rest is an absence of musical sound, or simply put, "Shh."
Having children "play the rest" is a really great way to keep on practicing their sense of the beat.
In "C & Shh", we...
-Learn that a silent beat is called a rest
-Learn that music is made up of musical notes & rests...
In this Preschool Prodigies episode, we have our first rhythm lessons with Sweet Beets. We practice playing rhythms with 'Beet' and 'Shh,' in a similar fashion to the way we played 'C' and 'Shh' in 1.3. Sweet Beets is a catchy song for teaching rhythm, and a great way to get some instrument free ...
In this Preschool Prodigies music lesson, we add the notes E and G to our practice with the note C. We learn that these three notes make up a chord, and we practice playing these bells together in different patterns.
In "Do Mi Sol Slide," we...
- Learn that a chord is a group of 3 musical n...


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Going for the Ultimate Acknowledgement, a 3rd Michelin Star
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The entire staff at The Inn at Little Washington face enormous stress under the watchful gaze of Chef Patrick O'Connell, as they strive for perfection in their pursuit of the ultimate acknowledgement - a 3rd Michelin Star.
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Book Now
• Each tour has opportunities to get out and explore so bring suitable walking shoes – full on boots are not necessary.
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Highland Whisky Tour (Private)
Tour Operator: McIntosh Tours 10 hours Travel method: Jeep / 4x4 Region: Perth
The price is per vehicle. Please select the number of vehicles to book.
Perthshire has a total of six whisky distilleries spread about the County. On this tour we will take in three of them. They are all situated amongst stunning scenery and the whiskies all have unique flavours. We can gear the tour to suit your needs and wishes. A tour of each distillery takes about an hour.
This tour will begin with a trip to the Glen Turret Distillery near Crieff. It has an excellent interactive show explaining in an educational and fun way exactly what is involved in the whisky making process. Glen Turret is reputedly the oldest distillery in Scotland – well legal one anyway – producing whisky since 1775. It is from here that the base for the Famous Grouse is produced. It sits almost hidden in the depths of Glen Turret, where it uses the pure waters of the Turret burn to produce the amber nectar. The tasting tour takes about an hour and involves a number of drams. We will take a quick trip up the Glen to Turret dam where the water is stored and the views are amazing.
From here we will head through the beautiful Sma' Glen on route to the next distillery – Aberfeldy.
It sits on the banks of the River Tay and is the home to one of the world's favourite whiskies – Dewar's. John Dewar was born just three miles from here and started the distillery in 1898. It has been the base of the blend of Dewar's whisky ever since. It also produces a fine malt whisky in its own right, Aberfeldy.
We will then follow the Tay for a while before heading North towards the Victorian spa town of Pitlochry. The Victorians came here to 'take the waters' and enjoy the fresh mountain air. Here there are two to choose from, The Blair Athol distillery which has been here since 1798 (which predates the town of Pitlochry) and started life as a farm, Edradour which is the smallest in Scotland – established in 1825. Although it is one of the smallest distilleries in the land, its products punch above their weight. It sits hidden away in a dell above Pitlochry. Of all the distilleries visited this one feels the most traditional. It has an intimate homely feel to it, where you get very close to the whisky making process. The whisky produced here does not go into any blended whisky but is sold purely as single malts.
Having completed the distillery tours, we will head back towards Perth but not directly. We will climb out of the Tummel valley onto the wild Moulin Moor where there are stunning views of the surrounding mountains. Then to complete the circuit it will be down beautiful Strathardale towards Blairgowrie and then back to Perth.
There are various places to stop for refreshments and lunch. There may even be time for a visit to a coothy wee pub for a last dram before the end of the day.
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What is included
• Exclusive use of luxury Land Rover Discovery
• Services of knowledgeable local guide
• Still or sparkling Scottish water
• Pick up and drop off from your accommodation
• Leisurely itinerary
• Guided walks if desired
Important information
• Each tour has opportunities to get out and explore so bring suitable walking shoes – full on boots are not necessary.
• It is Scotland so bring a waterproof jacket
• Camera and binoculars are useful
• There are opportunities for some retail therapy so cards/cash could be useful.
Not included:
• Admission charges to visited attractions
• Cost of lunch – we will book lunch if requested.
(We can also supply a local produce picnic at cost)


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Free shipping on all continental US ground order
Medium Sized Classic Gold & Black Cat Pet Cremation Urn For Ashes
This Cat Cremation Urn will add a comforting thought to your precious memories of your beloved pet. This high-quality cat urn is made of solid brass and perfected with art work. Top opening threaded lid and felt bottom.
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Merry Little Stitches
- Product Code: CS-M-MLSTCH
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Three merry designs in one pattern! All use DMC threads and are stitched on 36 count Lakeside Linen's Vintage Light Examplar. Perfect to fit inside an antique sixth plate Daguerreotype case – or finish each into a tiny pinkeep or ornament. Stitches include French knots, cross and straight stitches.
Stitch counts (clockwise from top): 41w x 52h, 43w x52h, and 53w x 38h
Pattern includes color photo, professional cross stitch chart with floss colors as well as directions for making a pinkeep and framing your pieces using antique Daguerreotype cases.
Tags: cross stitch, Christmas, Santa Claus, pinkeep, pincushion


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We had a BUNCH of pictures taken yesterday- family, extended family, Zoe's 1 year, and some of Evan too. We are soo thankful for our photographer friend who blesses us with taking our family's pictures each year. You know you are blessed when she brings her studio to you- our basement turned into a studio in the morning and then we went outside for some shots in the afternoon. Thank you Lindsey! Here are just a some of my favorites-if that tells you how many she took!!
Sunday, November 27, 2011
Wednesday, November 23, 2011
Giving Thanks...
I have never been more truly thankful and aware of my many blessings than this year, especially during this Thanksgiving season. Having our DAUGHTER (it still makes me so happy to say that) HOME with her family this year is certainly cause for much of this thankfulness. But it goes much deeper than that. Spending a couple of weeks in Ethiopia this past year and looking in the face of such poverty has changed me.
*There are nearly 6 million orphans in Ethiopia (which means 7.5% of the population consists of orphans)
*Up to 20% of the population in Ethiopia are not even able to eat once per day
*26% of the population in Ethiopia live on less that $1 per day, and 81% live on less than $2 per day
*In Ethiopia, 1 in 10 children die before their first birthday
*40% of children in Ethiopia sleep on the floor, where nighttime temperatures average 5 degrees Celcius during the cold season
*There is 1 medical doctor per 100,000 people in Ethiopia
Hearing these statistics and becoming aware of them (like we were so very much last year after starting the adoption process) is one thing, but seeing them firsthand and looking these beautiful Ethiopian people in the eye is totally another. Things like clean water, a roof over our head, closets full of clothes, pantries full of food, and so many other LUXURIES that we have in the US look totally different to me now. And I pray they always do. Because it's only when we are aware and moved by these statistics that we do something about it. Even if it's so much easier to turn our head and pretend that things like this don't exist around the world. It's only in seeing and becoming aware that we are moved to change.
I'm so thankful that Drew had the opportunity to take a missions trip to the Czech Republic during college and spend so much time in the orphanages there loving on those sweet little kids. And I'm so thankful for the ways that God softened BOTH of our hearts through that missions trip, even way back when, towards His love for the orphans of this world. I'm even thankful that God spoke to us through my medical issues (as tough as they were and continue to be) and continued to break our hearts for what breaks His. And I'm so thankful that we took a leap of faith and listened to His call towards adoption. As I look through teary eyes at little Zoe's sweet face right now, I'm soo humbled that He chose US to be her parents.
So, this year as I reflect on all of my many blessings during this Thanksgiving season, I am not only thankful for this sweet boy..
...and this sweet girl...
...and my amazing husband who loves our kiddos and me so wonderfully....
...and all of my other family members and friends, and all of the LUXURIES that we so often take for granted... This year I'm also painfully aware that MILLIONS of people around the world don't have those same LUXURIES such as warm and comfy homes and beds, food to feed their families, clean water to drink, and even access to the medical care they so desperately need. And I'm praying that He would continue to break my heart for the things that break His, as painful and tough as that may be.
As Ann Voskamp says so beautifully in her book One Thousand Gifts (if you haven't read this book- go out and buy it NOW)..
"I am blessed. I can bless. A life contemplating the blessings of Christ becomes a life acting the love of Christ.
Happy Thanksgiving! May it be about more than just turkey, stuffing, and mashed potatoes this year...
Posted by Ashley at 10:25 AM 1 comment:
Tuesday, November 15, 2011
Blessed Beyond Measure...
Ok, so I'm going to be completely honest. The last 2 days have been rough. I'm almost afraid to type that I have BOTH kids asleep right now for fear that one of them will wake up as soon as I type it. It seems the "honeymoon stage" may be over. Evan is not enjoying sharing the spotlight with his little sister and is starting to have behavior issues. And little Zoe has definitely been giving us some fits with her sleep schedules and unhappy moods (hence the lack of "schedule" with her sleep). These are the kind of days that make me second-guess our decision for me to stay home with my littles. But a good night of sleep last night, encouragement from my hard-working-so-I-can-stay-at-home husband whom I love so very much, lots of praying, a conversation with my mom, and a few minutes reading through one of my highlighted and scribbled in all-time favorite books (The Mission of Motherhood by Sally Clarkson) have made me realize I'm EXACTLY where He is calling me to be. Home with these 2 precious children God has given to us. And blessed beyond measure.
Don't let their smiles and sweet innocent faces fool you- they have both been giving me a run for my money the last couple of days! But oh how I pray that I always try to keep things in perspective. Yes, there are many days when it seems like all the changing diapers, constant demands for my attention, endless amount of dishes and laundry, constant picking up of toys, household chores, and lessons in discipline are so very insignificant. And I know that there WILL be more of these days.
I ran across one of my favorite quotes in The Mission of Motherhood this afternoon: "Choosing to be a servant-mother means willingly giving up myself, my expectations, and my time to the task of mothering- and choosing to believe that doing so is the best use of my time at that moment. It means that, by faith, I have already made a decision to make myself available in the routine tasks and myriad interruptions of daily life because I believe it is God's will for me to serve my family through them."
So, although many days I may FEEL my job is insignificant, I KNOW that my purpose is RIGHT HERE at home, serving Him and my family through these "mundane" and "insignificant" tasks. And when thinking about it that way, those routine tasks and interruptions somehow turn into a mountain of OPPORTUNITIES.
Posted by Ashley at 3:28 PM 2 comments:
Sunday, November 13, 2011
Hailey and Ty came from Chicago this weekend to meet little Zoe. The kids had oh so much fun yesterday. While we were eating dinner together, Evan said "Isn't this a fun day guys?" He LOVES his cousins so much- just wish we lived closer so we could spend more time together. Can't believe we actually got a picture with ALL of them looking at the camera!!
Friday, November 11, 2011
My 2 Littles....
Life is good :)
It's almost impossible to get them both to sit still and look at the camera. Both of them are constantly on the move and keep us oh so busy! Things are going well around the Baker house. Zoe is eating table food much better now, but her sleep schedule is still a work in progress! It's a good thing she's so stinkin' cute- especially in the middle of the night when she thinks it's the day and time to play! Thankfully, Drew has taken care of her A LOT during the middle of the night, leaving this momma well-rested and ready to go, go, go with both kiddos during the day! We are so blessed...
Thursday, November 10, 2011
Big Brother!!
Evan has done remarkably well with all the changes happening in our house in the last couple of weeks. He has proven himself to be a GREAT big helper and playmate for his little sister. I must admit, I had my doubts about how he would do sharing the spotlight after being an only child and the center of attention for 4 years. But things have gone much better than expected and he ADORES his Zoe. In fact, he has almost "forgotten" how to play by himself and always wants his sister to be around. He doesn't like it when she's sleeping and wants her to always be awake and playing with him. And as great as preschool is for him, he talks about how much he misses his sister when he is there. So sweet. My favorite parts of the day are when we hear Zoe waking up through the monitor and he gets ALL EXCITED to go in her room and get her. And the look on her face when she sees big brother- MELTS MY HEART. I can't believe we've only been home with Zoe for 2 weeks. Seems like she's always been here. God is sooo good.
Wednesday, November 9, 2011
Pure Cuteness!!
For those of you wanting pictures of our little sweetie- ENJOY!!
And so as not to leave out big brother- I will post some of him tomorrow :)
Posted by Ashley at 3:33 PM 1 comment:
Tuesday, November 8, 2011
Hamburgers and Butterflies!
Just another quick post with some pictures of my littles... Evan dressed up as a hamburger for Halloween... Definitely the cutest hamburger I've ever seen :)
And Zoe was a butterfly....
Love those giggles!
So sweet!
And just because I couldn't resist posting this picture of her cute little butterfly bum...
I'm going to try and update a lot this week with a few pictures each day... I know a lot of you have told me how you want to see more pictures of our little Zoe! We are continuing to do well and are so very in love with sweet Zoe!
Monday, November 7, 2011
Orphan Sunday!
Yesterday was Orphan Sunday. We took Zoe to church for the first time, although we didn't pass her around, leave her in the nursery, etc. In fact, she ate and slept during most of the service. I couldn't help but think as I was holding my precious sleeping baby in my arms about the difference a year can make. I vividly remember praying during church on Orphan Sunday last year that 2011 would be the year we would have our precious little one home and with her forever family. Little did I know that across the world was a baby girl ONLY DAYS OLD orphaned and in need of a family. We wouldn't see her sweet face until the following April and know that SHE was the one meant for our family. Yes, we are SO blessed with THIS baby whom we KNOW that God meant for our family.
And oh how thankful we are that our sweet Zoe now has a
MOMMY who LOVES to snuggle her,
a DADDY who LOVES to tickle her,
and a BIG BROTHER who ADORES her and just CANNOT GET ENOUGH of her,
and LOTS of other family and friends who love her SO MUCH!
And as full and happy as my heart was yesterday, I couldn't help but be broken and sad for the MILLIONS of orphans around the world waiting on their forever families too. So many kids who don't know the snuggles of a mommy, the tickles of a daddy, or the love of a big brother. I pray that they are comforted today and that they will SOON have a forever family... Are YOU the forever family of an orphan somewhere around the world? My prayer continues to be that He would break my heart for the things that break His. And I pray yours would be the same...
More updates on our Zoe soon! Things are going so well and it's hard to believe she's only been home for about a week and a half. It seems like she's been a part of our family for FOREVER!
Posted by Ashley at 3:59 PM 3 comments:
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Trinity Deckbuilding: Evaluating Cards in Trinity Format
If you want to play in the Trinity December Cup, sign-ups are free and happening right now!
You can also join the Trinity Discord Server here for the latest news and updates for Trinity!
The Trinity Alternative Format has different rules both for how the game is played and how decks are built. If you are not familiar at all with the format a quick introduction can be found here. In this article we are going to be examining some of the ways that these changes affect the way we have to look at cards. I will be going over the main factors that change between evaluating cards or archetypes for a TCG deck and a trinity deck.
Table of Contents
Changes to Rules and Gameplay
In Trinity you can generally only play a single copy of a card. This heavily impacts how to evaluate cards and archetypes. The first and perhaps most obvious thing is that you are less likely to draw any given card. So if your deck is only good when you find a specific card in your hand it will usually be quite bad. An example of this is Brilliant Fusion which is rather hard to search and needs a Gem-Knight to still be in deck. This makes splashing it outside of Gem-Knight decks not very viable. You are more likely to draw just the Gem-Knight Garnet or both the Brilliant Fusion and the Garnet than draw just the fusion.
Another consequence is some archetypes start struggling to find enough copies of playable cards. Kozmo Tincan allows you to search out a Kozmo ship at the end of every turn and tag out into it as a quick effect. But with Dark Destroyer banned, having to reveal 3 ships becomes a real drawback. Unless you play additional copies of the large ships, there are only 3 ships that allow you to float into the powerful level 5 Kozmos when they are destroyed. As such, resolving Tincan multiple times starts to become irrelevant.
On the other hand, cards we can access in many different ways become better. Cards that have a type searcher or are searchable with a field spell are classic examples. There are also cards that do virtually the same thing. For example, there are tons of options for searching HEROs. They have several monsters that search each other on summon or by being sent to the grave. On top of that, they have cards like RotA and E Call.
Summon Limit
Only being able to summon effect monsters 3 times each turn significantly changes how the game plays. Because of this, you must also change how you look at cards. There are cards that play well with the summon limit, cards that play very poorly with it, and cards that adapt depending on the situation. Some monsters are powerful and easy to bring out with just a single summon, such as Dinowrestler Pankratops. This leaves you more options for the rest of the turn. Other cards help you squeak plays just past the summon limit. LANphorhynchus is a staple in Trinity extra decks simply for opening up Zones without using a summon.
Some cards, unfortunately, are not so lucky. Brotherhood of the Fire Fist – Horse Prince, for example, is difficult to get value out of. Usually you'll use all of your summons to get him out and will be unable to summon more afterwards. Other times, its just a matter of wording. Chronograph Sorcerer's use of "then" in its effect makes it count as two separate summons.
By changing how you use cards, you can make them play better with the summon limit. The simplest example is revival traps. By using them during your opponent's turn, you can start your own turn with a clean slate. Other ways to get tricky can include Pendulum Summoning or stealing an opponent's monster. There's also a wide variety of ways to use non-effect monsters to break the normal limit. Summoning two level 4's for an Xyz normally ends your turn. However, by using The Phantom Knights of Shade Brigandine as one of the materials, you're left with an additional summon afterwards.
Speed of the Game
The pace of the game is a fair bit slower in Trinity than in the TCG. Part of this is because of the general drop in the power of decks when they have to play more unique copies of cards since the card quality goes down. The other part is that you are limited in the actions you can take each turn. We can keep both of these factors in mind when evaluating cards.
When the speed is lower, value oriented cards will flourish. Lost Wind is one of the traps that consistently sees play across a wide variety of decks. Simply being able to be used twice compensates for an otherwise middle of the road effect. Cards like Sangan also see a fair bit of play since waiting a turn isn't as debilitating and searching your best card can be very powerful. Meanwhile, a card like Red Reboot is very rare to see since most decks struggle to put their opponent within lethal range with the speed and consistency to make up for a dead card in hand since giving them a free +2 can be a disaster.
Some cards interact with the summon limit by disrupting just enough. A card like Compulsory Evacuation Device can be all you need if your opponent is close to the summon limit. A card does not need to have huge potential in the way Torrential Tribute does if it offers you greater freedom in how you use it. Sometimes a card that can be used in multiple ways will be better than a card that does one thing very well. This is because it's more important to be doing something every turn than to be doing a specific thing in Trinity.
Closing Thoughts
Evaluating cards is never easy. However, by thinking about how they relate to rule changes and limitations you can have a solid start. Of course, pure theory like this can never replace playtesting and experience with the metagame. It does however provide you with tools that can save you plenty of time instead of needing rigorous testing to make any conclusions about a card.
- Card advantage: The most useful tool for evaluating cards (and why you can never use it) - February 28, 2019
- Sidedecking basics: 3 rules that apply to every format - January 19, 2019
- Trinity Deckbuilding: Evaluating Cards in Trinity Format - December 10, 2018


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5 people perished in traffic accident in Kharkiv
12:16, 16 March 2009Ukraine
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All 5 people in the...
As a result of a traffic accident which took place on Sunday near Kharkiv, 5 people died.
The Directorate on Emergency Issues disclosed to UNIAN that at 13.48 pm a Mercedes appeared at the median strip and collided with a Krasnoutsk – Kharkiv fixed-run taxi at the Kharkiv – Kyiv – Dovzhanskyi road. As a result of the collision, the car and the bus took fire.
All 5 people in the Mercedes died. 19 passengers of the bus received injures and 6 of them were hospitalized.
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Q I am 54 and travel frequently for work. Recently, I have felt more tired at work and my doctor has diagnosed me with high blood pressure.
My wife says I am snoring more loudly at night. I usually get about five to six hours of sleep each night. I have read that there could be a link between a lack of sleep and heart disease. Is this true? If so, what should I do?
A The average number of hours people sleep each night has decreased by about 11/2 to two hours per night over the past 50 years. This is probably the result of people leading more hectic lives and having busier work schedules.
There is a tendency for many of us to try and cram in more and more during the day, at the expense of a good night's sleep.
However, this is detrimental to our health.
I recommend trying to sleep more than six hours a night to improve your cardiovascular health and general medical fitness.
Recent studies have shown that shortened sleep duration (fewer than six hours of sleep each night) is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including high blood pressure, coronary artery disease and stroke.
The reason for this is unclear and may involve a number of mechanisms. These include:
• Increasing insulin resistance: This alters the way the body handles blood sugar and can increase the risk of developing diabetes.
• Increasing inflammatory markers in the blood: These markers are proteins released when the body is under stress, including a lack of sleep. These proteins can cause damage to the blood vessel wall, leading to the build-up of atheroma (artery-blocking plaques) and calcium deposits in the coronary arteries and neck blood vessels.
• Reducing heart rate variability: This is a measure of the beat-to-beat variation in heart rate and of how healthy your heart is. A reduction in heart rate variability is linked to stress and increased risk of heart attack and sudden cardiac death.
Some people have a condition called sleep apnoea, in which their upper airways intermittently collapse when they sleep because the muscles that keep their airways open lose tone.
This can cause a pause (apnoeic episode) in breathing, with a sudden gasp for air after the apnoeic episode.
The person may not realise this is happening but will feel tired the next day, with reduced energy. However, his spouse may notice an increase in snoring or episodes of disordered breathing.
Sleep apnoea has been firmly linked with an increased risk of a number of cardiovascular conditions and is one of the reasons why blood pressure may be difficult to control, even with appropriate medication.
The condition can be formally diagnosed with a sleep study and should be assessed by a sleep specialist, who may recommend using a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mask at night to help keep the airways open.
Losing weight is also important and, depending on the type of sleep apnoea, some patients may require surgery on their upper airways to correct the problem.
In view of the link between a lack of sleep/sleep apnoea and cardiovascular disease, a thorough cardiac assessment is recommended if you suffer from these problems, especially if you have other cardiac risk factors such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension.
I recommend trying to sleep more than six hours a night to improve your cardiovascular health and general medical fitness.
Simple measures may involve doing more physical activity during the day, developing a pre-bedtime routine such as dimming the lights and reading a book, as well as avoiding caffeine especially before bedtime, and reducing your alcohol intake.
Dr Reginald Liew
Senior consultant cardiologist at The Harley Street Heart & Cancer Centre
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Portland Water Bureau
The Portland Water Bureau provides the highest quality water, customer service and stewardship of the critical infrastructure, fiscal, and natural resources entrusted to our care. We enhance public health and safety and contribute to the economic viability and livability of the Portland metropolitan region. We are a recognized leader among water service agencies across the country.


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Howard to Sheldon: I thought you didn't like Facebook anymore
Sheldon: Oh!, don't be silly. I am a fan of anything that tries to replace actual human contact
– A scene from the Flaming Spittoon Acquisition on the Big Bang Theory
Unless one is a neurotic and crazy genius with an IQ of 187 or more it is likely that they will not share the opinion of Sheldon Cooper. However, super-smart individuals despite their various degrees of success in life have a knack for being right most of the times. To Sheldon's credit his assessment of Facebook, as a means to make 'real friends' is quite accurate. In fact most of you reading this are likely to have a large number of 'friends' on Facebook whom you have never met or perhaps just met on one or two occasions in the past.
The social media revolution and the immense success of Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn over the last five years has led to tremendous growth and differentiation in this area. There are more than a 150 niche social networking sites today designed to help you find people who share any one of your many interests. These can range from a desire to learn more about business school to meeting people who love traveling, to sharing any great dishes that catch your fancy. We term these communities as 'Specialist Social Networks' and while there is a great amount of variety to them, only a few do a good job of giving real meaning to social networking.
A true social network is one which not only allows you to stay in touch with people and communicate with them online, but also offline. One such community that has been around for more than four years and has close to half a million members worldwide is InterNations. Self described as a community of 'Expatriates and Global Minds', InterNations is a global expat network and one of the most well known among people who live/have lived and worked outside their home countries. What makes InterNations unique is that the business is built on philanthropic principles and pursues a local approach to global networking. InterNations even today is an invitation-only network whose members are organized into local communities spread all over the world (e.g: expats in Delhi, expats in Rio De Janerio etc).
The online network provides personalized pages relevant to your current location and the ability to search other members in your region. Each local community also has an ambassador who organizes offline networking through monthly get-togethers at some of the finest venues of the city. One of the unique aspects of the community that easily comes across through its members is their love for traveling and meeting new people. Walk into any of their monthly gatherings and you can easily mingle with the diverse crowds by discussing your travel experiences in different parts of the world.
InterNations is the idea of Christian Leifeld, Philipp von Plato and Malte Zeeck. Building upon their work experience in international management consultancies and media companies, Christian, Malte and Philipp decided to set up InterNations to make living abroad easier. DelhiPlanet caught up with Malte to learn more about this global expat network in an exclusive interview
DelhiPlanet (DP): Please tell us about yourself and your journey to discovering the idea of Internations and making it a true global expat network.
Malte Zeeck (MZ): I love travelling and discovering new countries and different cultures. It was probably my high school year in the United States that gave me the travel bug, and I haven't looked back since. I studied economics and film at universities in Switzerland, Italy, and Brazil and also worked as a flight attendant to explore even more corners of the world! After graduating, I ventured into the world of TV journalism and did documentaries in various countries, such as India, Brazil and Spain. All this later played into the idea for InterNations.
The seed for the idea was probably always there but it was when I started working as a journalist and had to travel and move around a lot, that it slowly took shape. Together with Philipp and Christian Leifeld, I imagined a world where you wouldn't have to build up a whole new network of contacts from scratch whenever you moved to a different city. That's how InterNations was born and we had the business plan ready within four months of conceiving the idea.
DP: What kind of challenges did you face in setting up the network and then growing its adoption?
MZ: One of the biggest challenges has been – and still is – to put all our great ideas into practice. You need immense IT capacities to keep such a big global network running and performing well on a day-to-day basis, so that often there isn't enough time to launch a new feature, even if we want to.
The other challenge we face arises from the fact that we are a global network, but there is no global solution or strategy for success. What works in one country may not work in another. When it comes to organizing events in our various local communities, for example, we have to adapt our approach and remain flexible all the time. This costs a lot of time and requires a good deal of knowledge, insight and sensitivity.
DP: How aggressively do you market the platform?
MZ: We do not run any major advertising campaigns. We very much rely on word of mouth recommendations and on our members' inviting their fellow expats to join. We are trying to reach expats around the globe through our internet presence, our social media activities and by talking to the right people, but most of all, it's our members who spread the word around the world.
DP: InterNations is a community not only for expats but also for global minds. What is your notion of a Global Mind, particularly in today's world where social networks and globalization is allowing people to embrace and learn about other cultures more easily than before?
MZ: A Global Mind on InterNations is someone who lives or has lived abroad, someone who travels abroad on a regular basis for work, who does business on a global level or someone who has a network of contacts all around the world. Simply knowing a lot about other cultures doesn't automatically make you a global mind, at least not in InterNations terms.
While we are essentially positioned as a premier global expat network we also welcome people who move back to their home-country after many years of living abroad and enjoy international company. Such people are also global minds and they form an important part of the InterNations experience.
DP: What do you think about the social and digital media revolution that we are currently witnessing? Which social networks do you and InterNations use the most?
MZ: We are represented on all major networks, such as LinkedIn and Xing and also have an active presence on Facebook and Twitter presence. We have also just set up a Pinterest profile. However, the social network I use the most is of course InterNations itself. After all, it was set up with the aim to become a premier global expat network making it easier for them to both make new contacts and stay in touch with people they met in other parts of the world.
Generally speaking, I believe that in our globalized world, we will rely more and more on social and digital media to stay in touch with people in different countries . Nevertheless it is also important to maintain personal contacts and friendships and actually meet up with people. InterNations is addressing both these needs at once.
A truly global mind, Malte does want more growth for InterNations but not at all costs. Contrary to most other social networking platforms he plans to keep it invite-only for a long time come. He also aims to make it synonymous with moving abroad and re-locating to a new country.
Are you an expat eager to meet other expats or a global mind keen to meet similar people close to your community? If yes, then checkout InterNations and submit a request for membership and help the platform achieve its goals and overarching vision.