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Selena: "I've Never Had A Problem With Drinking"
Selena Gomez isn't holding back. If 2015 is the "Good For You" singer's year, her upcoming album Revival — which drops on Oct. 9 — is basically serving as her re-birth. In addition to revealing her lupus diagnosis and chemotherapy treatment in a refreshingly candid and no-holds-barred interview with Billboard, Gomez also addressed various rumors about herself (including her supposed "drinking problem" and her relationship with Justin Bieber), opened up about her insecurities — and how she finally found her voice.
While it was Gomez's powerful revelation that she was suffering from lupus that made headline after headline, the singer also openly addressed difficult topics, including her "rock bottom," her relationship with Bieber, her insecurities — and how she dealt with body-shaming haters. Gomez's honest responses may have put her in a vulnerable position, but it also shows her in a new, powerful light.
Despite bogus reports that claimed Gomez had issues with alcohol, the singer silenced that nonsense with one simple sentence and a move that was essentially a giant middle finger to anyone saying otherwise.
"I don't have a drinking problem," Gomez explained, taking a sip of the Billboard reporter's drink. (She also noted in the interview that "wine is usually involved" during her nights in with bestie Taylor Swift. Duh.)
Gomez also spoke about her current relationship with Justin Bieber (they're on "good terms," but no, they "no longer speak," which sounds like a pretty healthy breakup if you ask me) and addressed particularly painful insecurities, revealing that she used to be super self-conscious about her husky voice and just how hard the body-shaming critics were on her.
"I was in a bikini and got publicly ripped for being overweight," the actress remembered, bringing up paparazzi shots of her in a two-piece. "That was the first time I'd experienced body shaming like that. I believed some of the words they were saying. When somebody else has your self-esteem in their hands," she trailed off in the video. It's an awful thing to feel vulnerable, to feel picked apart, to feel "on display" when it seems like just about everyone is trying to tear you down — but there is a beauty in the vulnerability, and particularly in Gomez's decision to discuss these difficult moments. It's honest. It's real. It's (unfortunately) relatable. And though she is well-aware that being so candid could hurt her later on, she still chooses to speak about it.
After a particularly low point in 2013 — relieving her mom from her position as her manager was "awkward," Gomez said — the actress told Billboard that things got really difficult.
"I felt like I'd lost everything. Just because it's not plastered everywhere doesn't mean I didn't have my rock bottom," she explained. "I've had my moments, and it's almost unsafe for me to even talk about them, because I'll be taken advantage of."
Though being so vulnerable leaves her open to criticism, Gomez is fully aware that now is the time to speak out.
"If I did half the things guys did, I wouldn't have a Pantene deal," she told the magazine about sexism in the industry. "There's a certain standard women are held to because... I don't know. So many women nowadays are so loud about it. We need to cause a bit of uproar, because I've seen it. I've experienced it. It's absurd."
Preach it, girl.
Images: Giphy


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This morning has been productive as I performed every errand and chores my Mom asked me to. I felt very very lazy today, though, I even woke up late, but I needed to get everything done. So to make it a little bit interesting, here is my lazy Saturday playlist:
1. Jealous – Nick Jonas
2. Red & Gold – Young Rising Sons
3. I Gotta Feeling – Black Eyed Peas
4. Brave – Sara Bareilles
4. Everybody Talks (Glee Version) – Glee Cast
5. Hey, Soul Sister – Train
6. Makes Me Wonder – Maroon 5
7. Just Dance – Lady Gaga
8. Mr. Brightside – The Killers
9. Like a G6 – far East Movement
10. Brokenhearted – Karmin
All of these songs are funky and upbeat, just exactly what I needed to get things done as fast as I can. As you can notice, everything is from the past. I'm not really into following the music trend, I just listen to random songs then save what I think is still worth listening to the future. I honestly don't have a favorite at this moment, because I think most of today's songs aren't too meaningful for my liking like they only discuss shallow topics; there's no depth anymore. I don't know what's happening to our music industry nowadays, maybe because I'm not really a music freak.
Anyway, all of the songs mentioned above are linked to their respective audio or music videos from YouTube and feel free to listen to them! You might feel what I felt today while running my errands and doing my chores.
Love and light,

subset: commoncrawl


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YOUR MISSION: Are you Bone to be wild? Get to know your Skeletal System by building one yourself! You're sure to have a spec-"scapular" time!
Stuffed full of fun activities, a full-length comic packed with adventure, and a customizable backpack, this incredible activity kit promises endless hours of fun and learning.
Contents: Time Skaters Comic; Adventure Guide; Typography Skeleton; Instructive Bone Playing Cards; Colorable Backpack; Bone Pen; Fabric Markers; Fun Healthy Recipes; Quick Start Guide
Collections: Know Yourself Kits Toys & Kits
Type: Activity Kits
Know Yourself received the Product of the Year Award from Creative Child Awards 2017.
Know Yourself received the Book of the Year Award from Creative Child Awards 2017.
"Exciting products that energize the mind while seamlessly blending fun and learning."
This recommendation implies Parents' Choice approval and, even beyond that, thorough recommendation for reasons of production, appeal and fulfillment of its clear intent.
Exceptional literary contributions to spiritual growth and inspirational reading for children, teens and young adults.
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By Market Ease Business Promotions
06/24/2013 When most people hear the words "search engine optimization", they
think about text. They think about keywords and keyword phrases. Some
may even think about back links and guest blogging. But in the
ever-evolving world of search engine optimization Adelaide, Australia has seen over the past few years, there's a new kid on the SEO block, and that's video search engine optimization.
Search engines like Google, Bing and Yahoo! are constantly changing their search algorithms so that the sites people want the most are ranked the highest. Recent statistics that have been released by Nielsen have shown that what people want are videos. Here are just a few stats that Nielsen released:
- 77% of Australians watched video content on their computer at least once in the month of September
- 26% of Australians viewed videos on their mobile phones
- In October 2010, an average of 8 hours of video were consumed by Australian video viewers
- In January 2010, Australians viewed more than 33 million videos online every day.
Here are just a few tips to get you started on your video search engine optimization Adelaide:
Post your Videos to YouTube
Something that's changed in recent months is the fact that Google is now indexing URLS with embedded YouTube videos. While this wasn't possible before without some tricky and difficult workaround, it seems that now Google will index your YouTube videos in their search, which is great for promoting your site and getting a higher ranking.
Tag and Title your Videos Properly
One thing that many people don't do properly is tag their videos appropriately. When tagging your video, make sure that you identify all of the major components or subjects of the video. When it comes to the title, try to make it unique and not generic. Search engines will have a hard time bringing up your video if it's a common title.
Make the Content Appropriate
Having an edgy and compelling search engine optimization Adelaide video is great, but if it's too "risqué", then you risk placing yourself into the R-rated sections of search. This will do nothing but significantly reduce the amount of viewers you get and limit your site's exposure.
Market Ease Business Promotions
Market Ease Business Promotions is a website design and marketing company, specialising in SEO (Search Engine Optimisation) and Internet Marketing. We provide various online marketing services.Inquiries: Phone: 1300 662 990Fax: 1300 305 335 Mobile: 0411 127 873 Website: http://www.marketease.com.au/…
Tips on Search Engine Optimization for Video Marketing
Make a Second Impression with Google AdWords Remarketing
How Inbound Marketing is Changing the Way We Sell
Search Engine Optimisation (SEO)
Search Engine Optimisation Adelaide Content Writing Tips for Small Businesses
Market Ease Business Promotions Announces New Case Study on Its Website
Market Ease's CEO Comments on Recent Survey Results from the National Association of Women Business Owners
Blending SEO with the Other Ingredients Can Equate to Online Riches
Are You Benefiting from Free SEO Tools?
Avoiding Duplicate Content In Web Design
2013 SEO and Online Marketing Resolutions
Social Media Marketing – Timing is Everything
SEO Frequently Asked Questions
Webmasters Reeling over Latest Google Algorithm Updates
Ad Serving is Getting Smarter – Is Your Web Copy Smart Enough?
There's a reason so many big brands use Facebook for a huge chunk of their marketing — it offers a large variety of ways to connect with and market to your target customers.


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Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. Before you download, please read our FAQs sections dealing with the dangers of running unknown VMs and our suggestions for "protecting yourself and your network. If you understand the risks, please download!
The network is configured to obtain an IP address via DHCP by default. Although if you want to further configure the virtual machine you can login as user root and password toor. The apache web server is configured to run on port 8880.
The challenge includes an image hosting web service that has various design vulnerabilities. You must enumerate the various web service features and find an exploitable vulnerability in order to read system hidden files. The web application is 100% custom so do not try to search google for relative PoC exploit code.
FINAL GOAL: Reveal the hidden message for a date arrange that Bob sent to Alice.
Source: https://bechtsoudis.com/work-stuff/challenges/drunk-admin-web-hacking-challenge/


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Focus Shift Films has recently been working with TV director Hefin Rees to complete his brilliant dark comedy short Speculate to Accumulate, and now we are happy to announce another project.
Hefin Rees has directed a variety of Welsh language TV shows such as Gwaith Cartref and Pobol y Cwm. He's now looking to develop more of his English language content and to make the leap into feature films. In doing so he has developed two great short film projects.
Speculate to Accumulate follows one man's mission to decide if giving up his only can of tuna is worth doing so to try and locate a missing cat in the local community. Using the tuna and finding the cat could lead him to a mini windfall as he claims the reward money, but not finding the cat could be a waste of essential sustenance in these tough times.
Eternal Flame has been written by DJ, musician and actor Gareth Potter, with whom Hefin has worked before. The idea follows two middle aged siblings that share a car journey to collect their late father's death certificate and reconnect in the process. Another great little drama with dark comedy tones. Gareth with be starring alongside Carys Eleri.
Whilst Speculate to Accumulate is almost completed, FSF and Vale Productions are planning to shoot Eternal Flame this week in the Rhondda Cynon Taff. Keep checking back on Facebook to see live updates and plenty of photos.


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MPPA indexed by MEDLINE.
Phonomicrosurgery in Vocal Fold Nodules: Quantification of Outcomes in Professional and Non-Professional Voice Users
Philipp P. Caffier, Tatjana Salmen, Tatiana Ermakova, Eleanor Forbes, Seo-Rin Ko, Wen Song, Manfred Gross, Tadeus Nawka
Abstract: There are few data demonstrating the specific extent to which surgical intervention for vocal fold nodules (VFN) improves vocal function in professional (PVU) and non-professional voice users (NVU). The objective of this study was to compare and quantify results after phonomicrosurgery for VFN in these patient groups. METHODS: In a prospective clinical study, surgery was performed via microlaryngoscopy in 37 female patients with chronic VFN manifestations (38±12 yrs, mean±SD). Pre- and postoperative evaluations of treatment efficacy comprised videolaryngostroboscopy, auditory-perceptual voice assessment, voice range profile (VRP), acoustic-aerodynamic analysis, and voice handicap index (VHI-9i). The dysphonia severity index (DSI) was compared with the vocal extent measure (VEM). RESULTS: PVU (n=24) and NVU (n=13) showed comparable laryngeal findings and levels of suffering (VHI-9i 16±7 vs 17±8), but PVU had a better pretherapeutic vocal range (26.8±7.4 vs 17.7±5.1 semitones, p<0.001) and vocal capacity (VEM 106±18 vs 74±29, p<0.01). Three months postoperatively, all patients had straight vocal fold edges, complete glottal closure, and recovered mucosal wave propagation. The mean VHI-9i score decreased by 8±6 points. DSI increased from 4.0±2.4 to 5.5±2.4, and VEM from 95±27 to 108±23 (p<0.001). Both parameters correlated significantly (rs=0.82). The average vocal range increased by 4.1±5.3 semitones, and the mean speaking pitch lowered by 0.5±1.4 semitones. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that phonomicrosurgery for VFN is a safe therapy for voice improvement in both PVU and NVU who do not respond to voice therapy alone. Top-level artistic capabilities in PVU were restored, but numeric changes of most vocal parameters were considerably larger in NVU.
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Fruit custard
I love making small portions of fruitcustard ,with different ingredients and it is very cute to serve in the single serve bottles, kids love this , especially during kids parties, you can stock several such portions in the fridge conveniently and hand out one to each kid.
You can use any seasonal fruit or berries that is available.
3 cups crushed biscuits
1 1/2 cups mixed fruit cubes
2 tbsp finely chopped jelly ( optional )
1 tbsp almond slivers
1 cup prepared custard sauce.
For The Custard Sauce:
1 cup low fat milk
2 tsp sugar
2 tsp leveled , custard powder
few drops of vanilla essence
For the custard sauce
Put milk to boil with sugar.
Mix custard powder with 1 tablespoons of cold milk.
Add this mixture to the boiling milk and stir continuously for half a minute, till it becomes thick.
Cool, add vanilla essence and chill.
How to proceed
In a tall glass or in single serving bottles, put half the crushed biscuits, top it with half the chopped fruits, and then with half cup of custard.
Garnish it with 1 tablespoons of chopped jelly and sliced almonds and serve chilled.
Repeat with the remaining ingredients to make one more glass.or bottle.


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In defence of my beloved Femfresh
I planned this piece as a joyful, but slightly guilty ode to the occasional feminine wash. My declaration was going to be (in homage to the opening gambit of The Guilty Feminist podcast): "Im a feminist, but I love Fem Fresh." But the more Ive looked into it, the more I think my cavalier attitude to deep-south cleansing might be more problematic than Id realised.
The reason Ive ended up here, literally talking about vaginal washes and also using them, is for one reason alone – a massive mistake. I love scented body washes. I love them so much that years ago I accidentally ended up using my beloved Jo Malone in my nether regions. I shrugged it off – I dont often get issues down there – shes pretty robust. Itll be cool. And, frankly, who doesnt want a vagina scented like delicate pomegranate latticed with an effervescent waft of incense?
But what followed wasnt that beautiful fragrant scene. What followed, was thrush. Biblical thrush, like a plague of itch. It took two rounds of Canesten, probiotics, two pots of Yeo Valley (natural, not Greek) and a GP visit to clear. From that day, I vowed never to use anything in that area again that wasnt designed for her. And what I used instead, was Fem Fresh. I figured it was insurance, just in case any shower gel accidentally snuck in there and needed eradicating. Fem fresh, would do that for me, Fem Fresh is a friend.
Discharge, smells and swollen lips. This is what every woman should know about her vagina…
Whenever pals come over and look in my bathroom, its curated with beautiful Instagrammable products – and my Fem Fresh. I dont hide it, Im proud. But they do always mention it, accompanied by wild gesticulating in what seems like slow motion: I make out the words "PATRIARCHY" and "your vagina is meant to smell" and "what is wrong with you?" And I get all of that, I totally do. And Im not buying it because Im trying to make my vagina smell like peonies to make it more palatable to the male gaze (or aroma?) – its part habit and part insurance against any wayward shower gel getting into somewhere it shouldnt be. And sometimes post-spin, post-period or post other strenuous activities (!) you just feel like you need more than a water wash. And Im not talking about douching – a practice that involves squirting water (herbal remedies and chemicals sometimes) into your vagina – often with a device – to cleanse. I know thats not good for you (in fact its seriously bad, the bacteria naturally found in the vagina forms protective barriers to infections which stops them travelling further up the gynecologic tract to the fallopian tubes and ovaries which can cause pelvic inflammation.) All Im talking about is a little wash on the outside, how bad can that be?
But I have pondered (like a brown Carrie Bradshaw, looking pensively out of the GLAMOUR offices window) that it could be time to break up with my feminine wash like my mates think? And because it just seems so at odds with everything else in my life. I sprout mung beans, make my own batshit herbal remedies and am one step away from actively howling at the moon – so using chemicals down there just really doesn't feel quite right anymore. The experts seem to think so too – for more scientific reasons: "Normally, the pH of the vagina is about 3.8 to 4.5, which is slightly acidic, and maintaining that is important because an imbalance that tips towards being too alkaline, causes our natural lactobacilli to lessen and it can cause yeast to thrive," says Dr Pradnya Pisal, consultant gynaecologist at www.london-gynaecology.com. Other things cause pH imbalances too: "The pH can vary during the menstrual cycle and during our life time such as after menopause. Infections, the presence of semen or menstrual blood, vaginal douching, taking antibiotics can also affect vaginal pH," she adds.
Whilst the brands marketing products for your lady garden (Ive reclaimed that phrase in a post-feminist way) are usually pH balanced to avoid disrupting the bacteria, its another product aimed at commodifying our vaginas (you can legit get highlighters for your vulva now) and another step in our beauty routines that we realistically just dont need. Dr Pisal agrees that women are doing too much down there: "You just dont need them – the vagina is self-cleaning. Theyre expensive and washing the outside with water is enough cleansing. Its normal for the vagina to have an odour and that changes depending on the time of the menstrual cycle. And it doesnt need investigation or treatment, unless the odour is very unpleasant (fishy


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Michelle Vina-Baltsas is a Certified Intuitive Eating Counselor and Certified Holistic Health Coach in private practice since 2012. She helps women overcome disordered eating (yo-yo dieting, restrictive eating, chronic emotional overeating, binge eating, and food and body shame) and body images issues using a non-diet eating philosophy called Intuitive Eating.
Michelle's work is deep and restorative. Clients that work with her learn that
inherent value is not coupled with their body size and/or shape. Her focus is to
help clients redefine their definition of health, so that it includes the physical,
emotional, and spiritual selves, not just the foods they are eating.
Her goal is to educate, empower, and guide women who crave to
improve their relationships with food and body and discover healthy living
without chronic dieting. Doing this allows them to live more satisfying and
purposeful lives without being encumbered with weight and body image concerns.
This work is deeply personal to her because she suffered
with an eating disorder through preadolescence and adolescence which was
followed by many years of chronic dieting and body dissatisfaction.
Michelle's work has appeared in many online publications
such as the Huffington Post, Medium, the Elephant Journal and has been
interviewed for many well-known non-diet podcasts and summits all focusing on
Intuitive Eating and body image.


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Tuesday, October 06, 2009
FMOF Monster Files: ROC
By this time, FMOF had ditched a lot of the monster content and ramped up the sci-fi thanks to Star Wars. It didn't bother me at the time because I was (and still am) a huge fan of Star Wars. But, the older issues of FMOF are still the best.
I'll be posting a bunch of these this month, starting with this one from issue #145 July 1978 --
5 comments:
- Azathoth said...
This is super cool and brings back memories. I'm looking forward to seeing all the monster files you post.
I wish I still had all my FMOF magazines, I only have a few I managed to rescue from the great apocalypse of 198? (not sure of year but I remember the horror), wherein most of my magazines like this as well as my collection of almost every original star wars toy and a great many other things that would later turn out to have perhaps been worth something as a collectible found themselves unexpectedly disposed of without my consent in the annual neighborhood garage sale ("you don't need this crap anymore, you're too old for it" ARGH!)
The silver lining on that black cloud, I suppose, was that I got my first real computer out of the proceeds.
- Tuesday, October 6, 2009 at 2:03:00 AM EDT
- Peter Bernard said...
OK sorry, I was channeling Uncle Forry for a second there.
- Tuesday, October 6, 2009 at 9:32:00 AM EDT
- Drake said...
Wish i had a scanner to scan my old FM issues (i kept them all from the late 60's until the last issue), the magazine was the coolest. Great post!
- Tuesday, October 6, 2009 at 9:43:00 AM EDT
- John Rozum said...
Great idea for the countdown. I'm looking forward to seeing these again without having to unbox my FMs.
- Tuesday, October 6, 2009 at 10:36:00 PM EDT
- Tarot cards said...
Hmm Well I was just searching on Google for some Tarot readings of some Tarot reader
and just came across your blog, generally I just only visit blogs and retrieve my required
information but this time the useful information that you posted in this post compelled me
to reply here and appreciate your good work. I just bookmarked your blog
- Wednesday, February 10, 2010 at 2:09:00 AM EST


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Atlas Cloud have been providers of cloud-based solutions for customers within the financial services sector since 2010. Within this time, we have become experts in implementing services which improve productivity and security for financial advisors, insurance consultants, brokers and investors.
All financial services firms handle highly sensitive data on a daily basis and we know protecting this information is a necessity. In order to maintain the best security both us as a company and our UK based data centres are ISO 27001 accredited. We also hold BS10012 certification which shows that we implement appropriate controls around Personal Identifiable Information and according GDPR.
In addition to our accreditations we have also passed audits set out by MBNA and Bank of America.
We also have solutions which help ensure business continuity. Our industry leading Disaster Recovery service (powered by Zerto) ensures maximum downtime of 15 minutes with data loss measured in seconds not minutes. With the potential reputational damage (as TSB suffered) and FCA fines that can come with downtime our solution helps massively reduce this risk.
In order to bring our customers the best solutions we only offer industry leading products and to do that we only partner with leading suppliers such as Microsoft, Citrix, VMWare, Zerto and NVIDIA.
Our Hosted Desktop service allows users to access all their files, emails and applications within a familiar Windows environment from any device. They allow users to resume their session and pick up exactly where they left off, making them perfect for working across multiple sites or branches. They can be set up to counter any insider threats by blocking USB access and removing access to screenshots and file sharing websites. With prices starting from only £25 per user per month Hosted Desktop represent a secure and affordable way of scaling up your business.
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We won't add you to any mailing lists but we may get in touch just to check that you got the information OK and to see if you have any questions.


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When we published the Tooth and Nail brain teaser here on Make: back in February, it got a large and enthusiastic response. Apparently, others love this kind of wooden head-scratcher as much as I do.
So, here's another easy-to-make brain teaser, the Golf Ball in a Block of Wood. It uses the same hot water deforming technique as was used to create the Tooth and Nail.
Since this build, detailed on the Woodlogger site, only involves rudimentary cutter and drilling, it makes a great beginner woodworking project. It would also make a fun and easy project to do with your kids and they'd have something cool to show off when you're done.
All you need to create this teaser is a chunk of softwood (e.g. Basswood) that is 1-3/4″ x 1-3/4″ x 5″, a 1 1/4″ Forstner bit, a drill, and a golf ball. And a pot of hot, near-boiling water.
Once you've drilled the elongated ovals through the block, all you have to do is immerse the wood in a pot of very hot (but not boiling) water. You want to let it soak for about 4-5 minutes.
When the wood fibers are well saturated, you gently press the ball into one side of the block. The side rails of the block are fairly thin, so you'll need to be careful.
As the project is documented on Woodlogger, it is not finished. I think, as a conversation/display piece, it would look so much nicer with a simple stain or other finish. As Woodlogger mentions, if you do stain it, you'll want to tape up the golf ball so that it stays nice and clean.


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Rob Burlinson
Rob trained for four years as a Subtle Energy Medicine Specialist with the Vibrational Healing Foundation in London. This qualification includes a Diploma in Crystal and Energy Healing, a Diploma in the Bach Flower Remedies as well as in depth personal development work.
Rob also studied Astrology over a twenty year period, including attending courses in Astroshamanism at the Findhorn Foundation in Scotland with Franco Santoro, and gaining a Certificate in Astrology with the Faculty of Astrological Studies. He created 'AstroCrystal Therapy', a method of exploring and helping to heal deeper issues in someones life by using the birth chart as a map.
He is also a fully qualified Integrative Counsellor and trained at the Mary Ward Centre in Russell Square. He saw clients in both an agency setting and within a private practice for seven years.
He completed the 'Healing Sounds Intensive Training' with Jonathan Goldman in Colorado and has attended many personal development and training courses at Findhorn, including Communicating with the Intelligences of Nature (with Dorothy Maclean), Life Purpose, Spiritual Practice and Shamanism (with Sandra Ingerman).
He is principal of the 'Academy of Inner Resonance' a school of subtle energy healing and inner development that runs a two-year part time Crystal and Energy healing Diploma course at the Holistic Centre. He also offers workshops at the Centre on 'An Introduction to Crystal Healing' and 'AstroCrystal Therapy'.
He is a member of the Federation of Subtle Energy Medicine and the Sound Healers Association.
www.inner-resonance.org (school and workshops)
Crystal and Energy Healing
AstroCrystal Therapy
Bach Flower Remedies


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Web ToolsActions
Main ContentActions
Mandatory Use of Face Masks and Coverings
Masks or face coverings are required inside enclosed public spaces in York Region.
As of 12:01 a.m. on August 7, masks and face coverings will be required in common areas of condominium buildings, apartment buildings and other multi-residential buildings.
The Regional Municipality of York has endorsed a recommendation from York Region Medical Officer of Health Dr. Karim Kurji to issue an instruction requiring operators of enclosed public spaces in York Region to have a policy in place that prohibits persons from entering premises of the establishment if the person is not wearing a face mask or covering, subject to appropriate exemptions.
Effective Friday, July 17, 2020 as of 12:01 a.m., business owners and operators in York Region must have a policy in place to prohibit people from entering if they are not wearing a face mask or covering. Customers, employees and visitors who enter enclosed public spaces must wear a face mask or covering.
This Instruction applies to the following establishments:
- Premises or any portion thereof which are used as a place of business for the sale or offering for sale of goods or services, and includes a mall or similar structure which contains multiple places of business
- Churches, mosques, synagogues, temples, or other places of worship
- Community centres including indoor recreational facilities
- Libraries, art galleries, museums, aquariums, zoos and other similar facilities
- Community service agencies providing services to the public
- Banquet halls, convention centres, arenas, stadiums, and other event spaces
- Premises utilized as an open house, presentation centre, or other facility for real estate purposes
- Common areas of hotels, motels and other short-term rentals, such as lobbies, elevators, meeting rooms or other common use facilities
Common areas of condominiums, apartments and multi-unit residential buildings, such as lobbies, elevators, meeting rooms or other common use facilities
- Concert venues, theatres, cinemas, casinos, and other entertainment facilities
The Instruction does not apply to the following premises, even if they would fall under the definition of an establishment:
- York Region Transit (YRT has its own bylaw requiring individuals wear a face covering while on transit vehicles or property)
- Post-secondary institutions
- Child care facilities
- Child day camps
- Private transportation
- Hospitals, independent health facilities
- Offices of regulated health professionals
- An area that is not enclosed or indoors (e.g. restaurant patio)
Wearing a face mask or covering when in public or other settings is not a replacement for following proven measures such as handwashing and physical distancing of at least 2-metres.
Those exempt from wearing a face mask or covering in indoor public spaces are:
- Children under five years of age
- Individuals with medical conditions rendering them unable to safely wear a mask including breathing difficulties or cognitive difficulties or difficulties in hearing or processing information
- Anyone who has trouble breathing
- Anyone who is unable to remove the mask without help
- Anyone who is unconscious or incapacitated
- Anyone wearing a face covering that would inhibit the ability to breathe in any way such as, but not limited to, during moderate to intense physical activity (such as running) or activity that would preclude its use (such as swimming)
- Anyone who requires accommodation under the Ontario Human Rights Code
Information for Business Owners and Operators
- You must create a mask policy for your establishment
- You must communicate this new policy to staff and customers
- Download sample policy available for adaptation (Microsoft Word)
- You must train your staff on the policy and who is exempt
- All staff, customers or visitors must wear a mask indoors, with some exceptions (e.g. children under the age of five and people with certain health conditions, employees in designated areas or protected by a physical barrier)
- Proof is not required if someone has an exemption
- Signage must be posted at all entrances advising everyone to wear a mask
- View the frequently asked questions — What you need to know about wearing a face mask or covering
Face Coverings and Face Masks
There are many types of masks available, ranging from cloth or material non-medical masks to N95 respirator masks. Each type of mask has its place, but not every mask is appropriate for day-to-day use.
Non-Medical Masks
Non-medical masks may include:
- Those that are made from cloth (for example cotton)
- Those that have pockets to insert filters
- Those that are used to cover other masks or respirators to prolong their use
- Wearing a non-medical mask is NOT a replacement for physical distancing, hand washing, and monitoring your health
- Wearing a mask adds an extra layer of protection: for others in case you have COVID-19 and for you in case others have COVID-19 Singing, shouting, talking and breathing all create micro-droplets. If you have COVID-19 you may not know it, but your micro-droplets would be full of virus
- Wearing a non-medical mask is something you do to protect others in case you have COVID-19 but don't know it. It may also help protect you from others who have COVID-19
- Remember to avoid touching your face, even while wearing a face mask or covering
For more information about non-medical masks, visit Health Canada's website About non-medical masks and face coverings.
Medical Masks
Medical masks and N95 respirators should be reserved for health care workers and should not be worn by healthy community members.
For health care workers looking for information on personal protective equipment, please refer to Public Health Ontario's (PHO) Updated IPAC Recommendations for Use of Personal Protective Equipment for Care of Individuals with Suspect or Confirmed COVID-19.
How to Safely Wear a Face Covering
DO wear a non-medical mask or face covering to protect others.
DO discard mask that cannot be washed in a plastic-lined garbage bin after use.
DO ensure the mask is made of at least two layers of tightly woven fabric.
DO store reusable masks in a clean paper bag until you wear it again.
DO inspect the mask for tears and holes.
DON'T reuse masks that are moist, dirty or damaged.
DO wash your hands or use alcohol-based hand sanitizer before and after touching the mask or face covering.
DON'T remove the mask to talk to someone.
DO use the ear loops or ties to put on and remove the mask.
DON'T hang mask from your neck or ears.
DO ensure your nose and mouth are fully covered.
DON'T share your mask.
DO wash your mask with hot, soapy water and let it dry completely before wearing it again.
DON'T touch the mask while wearing it.
DO replace and launder your mask whenever it becomes damp or dirty.
Learn more about how to protect yourself during COVID-19.
Mask Distribution Program
York Region is partnering with local community support agencies and service providers, such as food banks, shelters and affordable housing facilities to distribute a limited quantity of reusable masks to vulnerable residents, including low-income individuals and families, seniors and those who are experiencing or are at-risk of homelessness.
This initiative supports those who may not have access to, or the ability to purchase masks for themselves or their family members.
Contact Access York at 1-877-464-9675 from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday to Friday to request masks. A maximum of two masks will be mailed to each person, while quantities last.
Visit canada.ca/coronavirus for instructions to make your own non-medical mask using material often found at home.
For more information, please see the Frequently Asked Questions below.
Frequently Asked Questions
What you need to know about the instruction
What are the instructions and what am I being asked to do?
The instructions issued by York Region Medical Officer of Health Dr. Karim Kurji requires operators of enclosed public spaces in York Region to have a policy in place that prohibits persons from entering premises of the establishment if the person is not wearing a face mask or face covering.
Customers, employees and visitors who enter enclosed public spaces must wear a mask or face covering.
Effective August 7, 2020 as of 12:01 a.m., building owners or operators to have a policy to ensure masks or face coverings are worn by individuals in common areas of condominium buildings, apartment buildings and multi-unit residential buildings.
When are these instructions in effect and for how long?
Instructions for masking in enclosed public spaces are effective as of 12:01 a.m. Friday, July 17, 2020.
Instructions for building owners and operators are effective as of 12:01 a.m. Friday, August 7, 2020.
The instruction will remain in place until Monday, November 30, 2020.
Why are these instructions being issued now?
While York Region is beginning to see reduced rates of new cases and community transmission, the risk of ongoing spread of COVID-19 remains as the re-opening process continues across the Region.
York Region Public Health continues to recommend you maintain a physical distance of 2-metres from others and to wear a two-layer, non-medical face mask or covering if physical distancing cannot be maintained.
As new science and studies become available, this is another measure to help protect our communities and limit the spread of COVID-19.
Why should I wear a non-medical mask?
If you are sick:
- If you are coughing or sneezing, wear a non-medical mask to protect people around you from getting sick. This is very important if you go to an appointment, clinic, or a hospital. Do not go to other public places when you are sick, even if you are wearing a mask. If you are seeking medical care, an appropriate medical/surgical mask will be given to you. Follow the instructions given to you in the health care setting about how to remove and store your non-medical mask while you are there
If you are not sick and are going to a public place (e.g., grocery store or pharmacy):
- If you are going to a place where physical distancing measures are difficult to maintain (such as the grocery store, pharmacy, or public transit), you should wear a non-medical mask or face covering as they may offer some additional protection to you and those around you
If you are caring for someone who is sick:
- If you are taking care of someone who is coughing or sneezing, particularly if they are unable to wear a mask, wear a non-medical mask when you are close to them. The person you are taking care of should also wear a non-medical mask
What is considered an appropriate mask or face covering?
A face covering means a non-medical mask or other face coverings such as bandanas, scarves or cloth mask that has been purchased or made to cover the mouth, nose and chin, ensuring a barrier limiting the spread of respiratory droplets when you cough, sneeze or talk.
What if I can't wear a face covering and who shouldn't wear a face mask or covering?
Please show kindness to people not wearing masks as there are a variety of reasons, including medical, why individuals are not able to wear a face covering.
The following individuals do not or should not wear a face covering in indoor public spaces:
- The Person is a child under five (5) years of age
- The Person is compromised by wearing a face covering because of a medical condition
- The Person is unable to place or remove a face covering without assistance
- The Person requires accommodation under the Human Rights Code
Are masks mandatory across Ontario?
While the province of Ontario has not made masks mandatory, some municipalities now have provisions in place (or soon to be) for mandatory masks or face coverings. If you're travelling within the province, please be sure to:
- Bring a cloth mask with you
- Check the area you are travelling to for mandatory mask orders or by-laws
Some municipalities with orders and by-laws for mandatory masks include:
- Toronto
- Region of Peel Public Health
- Durham Region Health Department
- Kingston, Frontenac, Lennox and Addington Public Health
- Middlesex-London Health Unit
- Guelph, Wellington County and Dufferin County
- Simcoe Muskoka
- Public Health Sudbury & Districts
Where can I read the Letter of Instruction?The York Region Medical Officer of Health's Letter of Instruction is available here.
Is the instruction considered a bylaw?
No. The York Region Medical Officer of Health has issued a letter of instruction to businesses and organizations requiring that they implement a mask and face covering policy.
Under the Emergency Management Civil Protection Act, O.Reg. 263/20, it is required that:
4. (1) The person responsible for a business or organization that is open shall ensure that the business or organization operates in accordance with all applicable laws, including the Occupational Health and Safety Act and the regulations made under it.
- The person responsible for a business or organization that is open shall operate the business or organization in compliance with the advice, recommendations and instructions of public health officials, including any advice, recommendations or instructions on physical distancing, cleaning or disinfecting.
- The person responsible for a business that is open to the public, or an organization responsible for a facility that is open to the public, shall ensure that the place of business or facility is operated to enable members of the public in the place of business or facility to the fullest extent possible, maintain a physical distance of at least 2-metres from other persons.
Under the policy, in an area accessible to the public, employees and customers must wear face coverings, subject to exemptions. The business operator must also comply with the Occupational Health and Safety Act.
Wearing your mask
What is the correct way to use a mask?
- Wash your hands immediately before putting the mask on, immediately before adjusting it, immediately before taking it off, and immediately after taking it off. Use soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer to wash your hands
- Make sure your mask completely and comfortably covers the nose and mouth without gaping and allows for easy breathing
- Make sure your mask is secured to your head with ties or ear loops without the need to adjust frequently
- Replace the mask as soon as it becomes damp or dirty, or if it has shrunk after washing and drying
- Do not share your mask with others, even within your own household
When should I take off my mask?
Ensure you wash your hands before and after removing your mask, or anytime you wish to adjust your mask without removing it. You should take off your mask when:
- You are safely able to (when physical distancing can be maintained) and the mask can be placed in a lined garbage bin if it is not reusable, in a plastic bag for a short time while transporting it home, or directly into the washing machine
- It becomes damp or dirty and you can exchange it for a new one if you are still in a situation where you need to wear a mask
Can I wear my non-medical mask all day?
A mask can be worn all day as long as it does not become damaged, damp, or dirty. Remove your mask with clean hands when you are safely able to do so, and wash your hands with soap and water again after.
It is important to note that:
- Cloth or disposable masks can be re-used throughout the day if clean and intact – with clean hands, fold the mask in half so that the outer surface is inwards (so that the outer surface is not contacting anything during storage) and place it in a clean, sealable bag until ready to use it again the same day
- A cloth mask should be placed directly into the washing machine. You can place a cloth mask in a plastic bag for a short time to transport it home to launder
- A disposable mask should be removed and replaced if soiled, damaged, or hard to breathe through and should be discarded at the end of the day
- Do not place your used mask into your pocket
- Do not share your mask with others
Will a homemade mask protect me from COVID-19?
Wearing a non-medical mask is NOT a replacement for physical distancing, hand washing, and monitoring your health. Keeping a 2-metre distance is important to help stop the spread of COVID-19. There are some things you must keep in mind when choosing to wear cloth face coverings:
- They may not block ALL the virus particles that are spread when someone coughs or sneezes
- They should fit snugly but comfortably against the side of your face, allowing you to breath easily and be secured with ties or ear loops
- They should be able to withstand frequent cycles through washing and drying machines
Can a face shield be used instead of a mask or face covering?
A face shield is not a substitute for wearing a face mask or covering as it does not filter respiratory droplets for the wearer or for others. A face shield may provide additional protection for the wearer against droplets expelled from another person, however these droplets may still be inhaled around the shield. Respiratory droplets expelled by the wearer may escape around the sides of the face shield, which provides less protection to others. If you choose to wear a face shield, we recommend - if possible, to wear it in addition to a properly fitted mask.
What should I avoid about non-medical masks?
Non-medical masks should not:
- Be made of plastic or other non-breathable materials
- Be made of materials that easily fall apart, such as paper tissues
- Be secured with tape or other similar materials
- Be shared with others
- Impair vision or interfere with tasks
Are masks required when eating or drinking indoors?
The Face Covering may be removed temporarily for the following purposes:
- Receiving services that would require the temporary removal
- Consuming food or drink
- For any emergency or medical purpose
- While actively engaging in an athletic or fitness activity including water-based activities
What kind of mask can I wear with head coverings such as a hijab?
A head covering is not a replacement for a cloth mask. If you wear a hijab, please wear a mask. Make sure the cloth mask fully covers your nose, mouth and fits snugly under your chin, over the bridge of your nose and against the sides of your face. If you wear a longer hijab, it could be used as a face covering if you wrap some of the cloth around your face to cover your nose and mouth.
Am I required to wear a mask underneath a niqab or burqa?
Niqabs and burqas are considered face covering. If you wear a niqab or burqa, you do not need to wear another face covering or mask underneath. Looser one-layer materials, such as those in niqabs and burqas, would be deemed acceptable as face coverings should people choose to use them to enter indoor public places.
How do I use a mask while wearing glasses/sunglasses?
To ensure a mask fits properly and snugly over your nose, you may need to take off your glasses before putting on your mask and avoid touching your glasses when wearing your mask. Ensure you wash your hands using soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer immediately before and after adjusting your glasses or sunglasses.
It is recommended that you remove your glasses prior to taking off your mask. Only take off your glasses and mask when you can wash your hands using soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Your glasses can be washed with soap and water to decrease potential spread of COVID-19.
Is a mask or face covering needed when I exercise?
Due to higher heart and breathing rates while exercising, wearing a mask may not be possible. You should not wear a mask if it would inhibit the ability to breathe in any way during moderate to intense physical activity (such as running or exercising) or an activity that would preclude its use (such as swimming).
Exercising without a mask is safer outdoors. If you are exercising outdoors, briefly passing someone on the sidewalk or road is not considered a significant risk for exposure to COVID-19. When exercising outdoors (such as jogging, cycling or skateboarding) here are some ways to stay safe:
- Maintain at least a 2-metre distance from others
- When in single file (for example jogging), spacing needs to increase with speed of movement
- Step-aside or pass others quickly and courteously on sidewalks
- If you are with others, travel in single file to allow others to pass safely
- If possible, consider using shared paths and sidewalks when it's less busy
Do I have to wear a mask during a heat wave?
Unless you are unable to physically distance yourself while you're outside, there is no need to wear a mask during a heat wave outdoors.
If the heat is a genuine concern for you or a family member, Public Health recommends you stay home and stay cool. For information and tips on how to stay cool during a heat wave, visit york.ca/extremeheat
Where you should wear a mask
What is considered an indoor space or establishment?
This Instruction applies to the following establishments:
- Premises or any portion thereof which are used as a place of business for the sale or offering for sale of goods or services, and includes a mall or similar structure which contains multiple places of business
- Churches, mosques, synagogues, temples, or other places of worship
- Community centres including indoor recreational facilities
- Libraries, art galleries, museums, aquariums, zoos and other similar facilities
- Community service agencies providing services to the public
- Banquet halls, convention centres, arenas, stadiums, and other event spaces
- Premises utilized as an open house, presentation centre, or other facility for real estate purposes
- Common areas of hotels, motels and other short-term rentals, such as lobbies, elevators, meeting rooms or other common use facilities
- Concert venues, theatres, cinemas, casinos, and other entertainment facilities
What spaces aren't subject to the instructions?
Outdoor settings and indoor spaces not open to the public are excluded. Additionally, a non-medical mask or face covering is not required at home with immediate family members, while eating on a restaurant patio or in the workplace where other standards apply, such as the Occupational Health and Safety Act. Licenced child care centres and indoor/outdoor day camps are also exempt.
Do I need to wear a mask if I am travelling?
All air passengers now need to have a non-medical mask or face covering to cover their mouth and nose during travel.
For marine, rail or motor carrier/bus travel, travelers are encouraged to wear non-medical masks or face coverings whenever possible.
For more information, visit: New measures introduced for non-medical masks or face coverings in the Canadian transportation system (Transport Canada)
Do religious officiants need to wear a mask when leading a ceremony?
If the officiant of a religious ceremony is leading a ceremony in an area that is separate from the public attending, he or she can choose not to wear a mask or face covering.
Places of worship are enclosed public spaces, and worshippers attending are required to wear a mask or face covering under the policy.
It is recommended that officiants use a microphone to reduce the risk of respiratory droplets being spread while speaking. It is also advised officiants refrain from participating in singing or chanting.
The officiant should stand at least 5-metres from those in attendance and at least 2-metres away from other officiants should there be more than one leading the ceremony. If there is a risk of the officiant standing within 2-metres to any other person, the officiant should wear a mask or face covering.
A face shield is not a substitute for wearing a face mask or covering as it does not filter respiratory droplets for the wearer or for others. A face shield may provide additional protection for the wearer against droplets expelled from another person; however these droplets may still be inhaled around the shield.
Respiratory droplets expelled by the wearer may escape around the sides of the face shield, which provides less protection to others. If you choose to wear a face shield, we recommend - if possible, to wear it in addition to a properly fitted mask.
Religious establishments are considered an indoor public space, and people attending these establishments are required to wear a mask or face covering.
Should I wear a mask when visiting an indoor sports or recreation facility?
Indoor sports and recreation facilities are considered enclosed public spaces under the York Region Medical Officer of Health's letter of instruction. In public areas of the facility (lobby, change rooms, etc.) masks and face coverings are required, except when participating in physical activity. The instruction states masks and face coverings can be removed temporarily while actively engaging in an athletic or fitness activity, including swimming.
Are masks and face coverings required for indoor sports?
Indoor sports facilities are included under the letter of instruction as an enclosed public space therefore in common areas (entrance, lobbies, change rooms) masks and face coverings are required. However, athletes and participants are permitted to remove their masks and face coverings when participating in athletic and physical activity.
Are summer day camps exempt from the instruction?
Summer day camps are exempt from the instruction. Parents and guardians coming into the day camp setting should wear a mask or face covering.
Why does the instruction not apply to all indoor spaces, why are some exempt?
There are a few different reasons why this policy is not being asked of all indoor public spaces:
- Indoor spaces such as work places do not have unknown people entering or leaving throughout the day. If there were to be a case of COVID-19 introduced into one of these environments, employees are known and contact tracing can be completed.
- Indoor spaces such as work places are working very hard to adhere to other public health requirements such as physical distancing and increased hand hygiene. These other measures work to keep our residents safe.
- The mask policy in York Region was enacted to further reinforce that we wear face masks or coverings when physical distancing is not possible. As more and more public places open up, it is not always possible to keep a safe distance from one another.
- Some workplaces also act as a public space for residents. An example would be a physician's office; they have their own health and safety practices and because of jurisdictional requirements (e.g., provincial or federal legislature), their policies overrule the York Region instruction on mandatory face masks or coverings
Enforcing masks
Under what authority are these instructions being issued?
The Regional Municipality of York has endorsed this instruction issued by Dr. Kurji under the authority of the provincial Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act as a measure to further reduce the spread of COVID-19 within our communities. This instruction is directed to commercial establishments in York Region.
Who is responsible for enforcing this requirement?
Under the Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act (EMCPA) both the public health unit and municipal bylaw officers are authorized to enforce these requirements.
Information for businesses
Do employees of the business, organization or public transit service need to wear a face covering?
Yes, employees need to wear a face covering when working in the public areas of the indoor public space unless the employee is within or behind a physical barrier (e.g. Plexiglas barrier) or is in an area of the premises that is not designated for public access.
Does a person still need to stay 2-metres away from others if they are wearing a face covering?
Since the beginning of the pandemic, York Region Public Health has recommended you maintain a physical distance of 2-metres from others and to wear a mask or face covering if physical distancing cannot be maintained.
Are both owner/operators and customers subject to fines?
This instruction is to be applied in "good faith" and will be used primarily as an opportunity to educate people on the use of face coverings, combined with other ongoing recommended public health practices. York Region Public Health will focus on education, rather than enforcement
Individuals, businesses or organizations who do not comply with the requirements may be fined as per the Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act (EMCPA). It is important to know that while we will commence with an educational and supportive approach, as per the EMCPA, those who do not comply with the above noted requirements can be fined.
Can businesses require proof of exemption or turn people away?No, you will not be required to provide proof of exemption.
Making and taking care of your masks
What if I cannot afford to buy a mask?
If you cannot afford a new mask, there are instructions on canada.ca/coronavirus on how to make a face covering using a t-shirt or bandana. There are many alternatives to store-bought face-coverings.
How do I make a mask?
There are different ways to make non-medical masks. Health Canada has provided instructions on how to make non-medical masks with sew or no-sew options and has included the types of material you can use to make the non-medical masks, such as cotton, t-shirts or bandanas.
What type of fabric or cloth do I use?
Use at least two layers of tight woven fabric. Cotton is the most widely used fabric. It is better if the thread count is higher. For example, 600-thread count pillowcases and cotton sheets, quilters cotton, and flannel work well.
Use a combination of fabrics such as a high thread count cotton with silk, chiffon, or flannel. If possible, use different fabrics or colours for each side of the mask. This helps you to know which side faces your mouth and which side faces out. Insert a paper towel or disposable coffee filter, if your mask includes a pocket for more protection.
How do I wash, re-use, and discard a non-medical mask?
Wearing a mask can increase your risk of infection if you touch your face more frequently while readjusting it or if you do not wash your hands before putting it on and taking it off. All parts of non-medical masks can become contaminated by breathing or when touched by your hands.
Cloth face masks become contaminated, especially when touched by your hands. When taking off a cloth mask or face covering, follow these steps:
- After washing your hands, remove your mask by pulling the ties or ear loops away from your ears
- Put the mask directly into the washing machine, or in a bag that can be emptied into the washing machine. Throw out the bag after you have used it to store used masks. If the bag is washable you can wash it with your mask. Wash your hands again after removing your mask
- Wash mask with other laundry using a hot cycle. When hand washing masks, use laundry detergent and water as hot as you can stand, then dry thoroughly. Make sure to remove and discard filters before washing.
- When discarding damaged or worn out masks, drop them in a lined garbage bin
- Do not leave any discarded masks in places where others can come in contact with them such as shopping carts, public seats, bus stops, or on the ground
- DO NOT place these items in recycling. These items are not recyclable and must be removed by hand by front-line staff.
- DO NOT litter these items. Littering is unacceptable and poses a risk to everyone and the environment.
Evidence-based information
Where can I find evidence-based information on face coverings?
As this is a new and emerging virus, information and studies are limited but the following is some of the evidence currently available.
- Alberta Health Services COVID-19 Scientific Advisory Group. Rapid Response Report: What is the effectiveness of wearing medical masks, including home-made masks, to reduce the spread of COVID-19 in the community? Updated 2020 April.
- Aydin O, Emon B, Saif MTA. Performance of fabrics for home-made masks against spread of respiratory infection through droplets: a quantitative mechanistic study. Preprint. medRxiv. Posted 2020 April 24.
- Chan JF, Yuan S, Zhang AJ et al. Surgical mask partition reduces the risk of non-contact transmission in a golden syrian hamster model for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis. 2020 May 30.
- Cheng VC, Wong SC, Chuang VW et al. The role of community-wide wearing of face mask for control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic due to SARS-CoV-2. J Infect. 2020;81(1):107-114.
- Chu DK, Akl EA, Duda S et al. Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2020 395 (10242) :1973-1987.
- Davies A, Thompson KA, Giri K, Kafatos G, Walker J, Bennett A. Testing the efficacy of homemade masks: would they protect in an influenza pandemic? Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2013;7(4):413-8.
- Eikenberry SE, Mancuso M, Iboi E et al. To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. Infect Dis Model; 5: 293-308.
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Using face masks in the community. Stockholm: ECDC; 2020.
- Furukawa NW, Brooks, JT, Sobel J. Evidence supporting transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 while presymptomatic or asymptomatic. EID Journal. 2020; 26(7).
- Gandhi M, Havlir D. The Time for universal masking of the public for Coronavirus Disease 2019 is now. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(4).
- Kai D, Goldstein G, Morgunov A et al. Universal masking is urgent in the COVID-19 pandemic: SEIR and agent based models, empirical validation, policy recommendations. Preprint. arXiv. Posted 2020 April 22.
- Kenyon C. Widespread use of face masks in public may slow the spread of SARS CoV-2: an ecological study. Preprint. medRxiv. Posted 2020 April 6.
- Leffler CT, Ing E, Lykins JD, McKeown CA, Grzybowski A. Country-wide coronavirus mortality and use of masks by the public. Submitted for publication 2020 April 22.
- Liang M, Gao L, Cheng C, et al. Efficacy of face mask in preventing respiratory virus transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 May 28.
- Lyu W, Wehby GL. Community use of face masks and COVID-19: evidence from a natural experiment of State mandates in the US. Health Affairs. 2020 June 16.
- Ma QX, Shan H, Zhang HL, Li GM, Yang RM, Chen JM. Potential utilities of mask-wearing and instant hand hygiene for fighting SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol. 2020 March.
- MacIntyre CR, Chughtai AA. A rapid systematic review of the efficacy of face masks and respirators against coronaviruses and other respiratory transmissible viruses for the community, healthcare workers and sick patients. Int J Nurs Stud.2020; 108(103629).
- Marchiori, M. COVID-19 and the social distancing paradox: dangers and solutions. Preprint. arXiv. Posted 2020 May 26.
- Mitze, T., Kosfeld, R., Rode, J., Walde, K. Face masks considerably reduce COVID-19 cases in Germany: A synthetic control method approach. Bonn, Germany. IZA Institute of Labor Economics. 2020 June.
- Public Health Ontario. COVID-19 – what we know so far about…wearing masks in public. 2020 June 17.
- Rodriguez-Palacios A, Cominelli F, Basson AR, Pizarro TT, Ilic S. Textile masks and surface covers-a spray simulation method and a "Universal Droplet Reduction Model" against respiratory pandemics Front Med (Lausanne). 2020 May 27;7:260.
- Worby CJ, Chang HH. Face mask use in the general population and optimal resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Preprint. medRxiv. Posted 2020 Apr 7.
York Region's Mask Distribution Program
Why is York Region distributing masks to residents?
York Regional Council has endorsed a recommendation from York Region Medical Officer of Health Dr. Karim Kurji to issue an instruction requiring operators of enclosed public spaces in York Region to have a policy in place that prohibits people from entering if they are not wearing a face mask or covering.
The instructions may impact certain residents in York Region who may not have access to, or the ability to purchase, masks for themselves or their family members. To support residents during these challenging times, York Region is distributing reusable masks to these residents through our local community support agencies and service providers, such as food banks, shelters and Housing with Supports providers and through Access York.
Who is eligible to receive a mask?
York Region will distribute the masks to vulnerable residents, including seniors, individuals and families living with low-income and those who are experiencing or are at-risk of homelessness.
How can I get a mask?
York Region will provide the masks to local community support agencies and service providers, such as food banks, shelters and Housing with Supports providers. They will provide each resident who uses their services with two masks. Residents may also call Access York at 1-877-464-9675 from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday to Friday, and request that masks be sent to them by mail.
How many masks can I get?
Each eligible resident, five years of age or older, will receive two reusable masks from York Region.
Do I have to pay for the masks?
No, there will be no cost to residents receiving the masks either through York Region or through community support agencies and service providers.
Can I get masks for my family?
Yes. If you require masks for your family, you will be able to receive two reusable masks for each person, five years of age or older, in your household.
What if two masks are not enough? Can I receive more?
York Region is aiming to help as many residents as possible using this limited supply of masks; therefore, each eligible resident may only receive two masks. Residents should visit canada.ca/coronavirus for instructions on making their own masks using different types of materials often found at home.
How many masks will York Region distribute?
York Region will distribute up to 300,000 reusable masks to eligible residents. Each individual will get two masks.
Who will receive masks first?
York Region will leverage its existing channels and established relationships with community support agencies and service providers, such as food banks, shelters and Housing with Supports providers to help distribute the masks to vulnerable residents as long as supplies last. This includes seniors, individuals and families living with low-income and those who are experiencing or are at-risk of homelessness.
Can I receive a mask if I am not part of this group?
With a limited number of masks available for distribution, York Region is asking residents who are able to purchase or produce their own masks to do so at this time. Residents can visit canada.ca/coronavirus for instructions on how to make their own masks, with sew or no-sew options and using different types of materials often found at home.


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a poem by Rajaram Ramachandran, India -
SAINT THYAGARAJALate one night, an old manCame with his old womanAnd his servant to visitThyagaraja, the Saint.Nothing was there to offerTo them at that late hour.For that, he felt very sorry,But they told him not to worry.They unfolded a bundle,With all the provisions full,Which the servant cooked,And they ate the tasty food.Then they had a long chatNot knowing how the nightIn their talk, passed awayUntil the early next day.While leaving, the stranger said"Your name will spreadEverywhere, worldwide,"Thus the Saint was blessed.The three then went outBut outside his main gateThey were not suddenly seen."Where they've gone?"It gave him a surprise.He then came to realizeRama and Sita, from the Heaven,Visited his house with Hanuman.Overwhelmed with joy, he sang,In Raga Mohana, a nice song,In that touching moment,After that great event.(He sang "Bavanudha Naa Hirudhayamuna)"Oh Lord, worshiped by Siva!Also joins with Him Lord Brahma!I pray, play in my heart,Until it tires you out.""Oh Lord, You're the cause,This life-ocean for me to cross!Oh the dear Master of Hanuman!I'm blessed with your vision.""Night long, you had a chat.You came all the way for that,For my sake from the Heaven,And served my food even!""Also I'll be popular, you said,You need rest as you're tired,Having come all the way here. Save Thyagaraja, this is his prayer."
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text: Follow @Sean_ParkerSA Baku, Azerbaijan - Defending Formula 1 world champion Lewis Hamilton claimed his first win of the 2018 season after a tumultuous race on the streets of Baku on Sunday (Apr 29). The Briton's team mate Valterri Bottas looked as if he was headed to victory after leading the field in the final laps. But it was not to be as the Finn hit debris and suffered a puncture to his Mercedes. Ferrari's Kimi Raikkonen and Force India's Sergio Perez finished second and third. 1. Opening lap fiasco According to AP, the safety car was out almost immediately on the first lap as several cars collided in the middle of the pack.Williams' Sergey Sirotkin ran into the back of Sergio Perez, causing contact between several other cars. That in turn left Sirotkin out of the race and Fernando Alonso limping back to the pits with two punctures.The drama continued at the next turn, where Ferrari's Kimi Raikkonen's aggressive lunge at Force India's Esteban Ocon plunged Ocon into the wall and out of the race. Raikkonen needed a new nose and dropped to 14th. A post shared by FORMULA 1® (@f1) on Apr 29, 2018 at 5:36am PDT 2. Vettel's costly error Sebastian Vettel relinquished the lead in the championship after finishing fourth in Baku. Chasing Bottas after the final re-start, Vettel made a lunge to pass him at the first corner, but succeeded only in out-braking himself and locking up as he speared off circuit before rejoining to finish outside the podium places. "I had to try," said Seb. Words of a racer . #F1 #Formula1 #Vettel #Ferrari #AzerbaijanGP #InstaSportA post shared by FORMULA 1® (@f1) on Apr 29, 2018 at 12:12pm PDT 3. Red Bulls crash in spectacular fashion Red Bull's Daniel Ricciardo was trying to go past on the left and Max Verstappen then defended his position in the closing stages of the race. The Australian ended up driving into the back of his Red Bull team mate. Both drivers were out of the race and team chief Christian Horner said: "They both recognise that they screwed up today and will be apologising to the team and to all members of the team." SOUND ON: Disaster strikes for Red Bull at the Azerbaijan Grand Prix ?????? . #Formula1 #F1 #AzerbaijanGP #Baku #RedBullRacing #RedBull #DanielRicciardo #MaxVerstappen @redbullracing @maxverstappen1 @danielricciardo @bakucitycircuitA post shared by FORMULA 1® (@f1) on Apr 29, 2018 at 7:22am PDT 4. Bottas' race over in the cruelest fashion Valtteri Bottas retired with the end in sight when he suffered a dramatic puncture after running over debris left on the main straight. The Mercedes driver told AFP: "It was just unfortunate. Unlucky. Ten pints of beer and maybe I will be fine... I will get through it. You always have to get through it - it is a part of racing, but at the moment it is painful."Street circuits are difficult. There are always going to be crashes. I didn't know I had run over anything, or seen anything. Just unlucky." Just a few kilometres from the chequered flag, the moment that cost Valtteri Bottas victory at the Azerbaijan Grand Prix ?????? . #F1 #Formula1 #AzerbaijanGP #Baku #ValtteriBottas #Bottas #MercedesAMGF1 @valtteribottas @mercedesamgf1 @bakucitycircuitA post shared by FORMULA 1® (@f1) on Apr 29, 2018 at 7:46am PDT 5. Driver of the day - Charles Leclerc Alfa Romeo Sauber driver Charles Leclerc scored his first ever points in the sport on Sunday after finishing sixth in Baku. He also bagged the 'Driver of the day' award conducted by F1.com.The 20 year old rookie kept calm throughout an incident-filled race and claimed eight points which slots him in 13th place in the world championship standings. Leclerc told the checkered flag: "I felt comfortable in the car, and did my best to gradually advance to the front of the midfield through the race."It is an incredible feeling to score points for the first time in Formula 1." P6!!! @charles_leclerc7 has his first #F1 points after a mega drive in Baku - and takes home Driver of the Day ?? . #AzerbaijanGP #F1 #Formula1 #Leclerc #Sauber @sauberf1teamA post shared by FORMULA 1® (@f1) on Apr 29, 2018 at 12:58pm PDT


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bamboo rod, tied flies
hip boots in a mountain stream
roll cast with the wind
watching you disappear in
a river of wet nothing
Leaving Downstream
bamboo rod, tied flies
8 Responses to Leaving Downstream
You just chronicled every Colorado boy's wish for the weekend. I, for one, thought they'd never end. Thanks for memories of Royal Coachmen and tapered leader on my dad's Orvis.


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In April, the Cambodian community have our biggest celebration of the year, Khmer New Year! This coming Saturday, April 14th is our big day. It will be an all day event, with people arriving as early as 6 or 7am to ensure a parking spot. Everybody is welcome. I will be performing that day. There will be cultural performances, games, and vendors. This celebration is going on all this week!
I posted a picture of the Blessing dance (Robam Chun Por) and Girls in Line Dance (Robam Neary Chea Chour) that was performed during our Khmer New Year Celebration. Enjoy!!


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As we end our series in the book of Exodus, we see the dedication of the Israelites in the building of the tabernacle…a dedication of their resources, talents, and time.
Exodus 34-35: God Proclaims His Name
Continuing in our Exodus series, we see God meeting with Moses, where He reveals to Moses His Godly character.
Exodus 33 – God's Presence in Our Lives
Are we looking for the benefits of a relationship with God with the real relationship? As a church, are we just "doing" church instead of being the church? How much do we long for God's presence in our lives? As we continue in our Exodus series in chapter 33, we look at these questions and...
Exodus 32:7-35 – Punishment and Grace
We look at Exodus 32:7-35, where even in the midst of punishment, God's grace is shown.
Exodus 32 – Idol Worship
From Exodus 32, we see the Israelites worship the golden calf, and see how different things in our lives can lead us to idol worship, if not careful, as well.
Exodus 26: The Tabernacle
David Hooie, our guest speaker from Two Rivers Church in Lenoir City, speaks on the greatness of God seen through the intricate details of the tabernacle.
Exodus 21-22: Rules, Rules, Rules!!!
Moses is back on the mountaintop in Exodus 21, and God gives a list of commandments for the people to follow. We ask the question "Why all the rules?" and see ultimately why the Law is good.
Exodus 19-20 – The Greatness of God
The Israelites reach Mt. Sinai, and God reveals His greatness. Is it a greatness that we see today?
Exodus 18 – Father-in-law advice
Continuing in Exodus, we see the advice Jethro gives to Moses, and how it speaks to the church today.
Exodus 17:8-16 – The Battle Against the Amalekites
The Israelites battle versus the Amalekites. How does their battle then relate to our own battles in life today?
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1. Unless you have entered into an express written contract with Moody's to the contrary, you agree that you have no right to use the Information in a commercial or public setting and no right to copy it, save it, print it, sell it, or publish or distribute any portion of it in any form.
2. You acknowledge and agree that Moody's credit ratings: (i) are current opinions of the future relative creditworthiness of securities and address no other risk; and (ii) are not statements of current or historical fact or recommendations to purchase, hold or sell particular securities. Moody's credit ratings and publications are not intended for retail investors, and it would be reckless and inappropriate for retail investors to use Moody's credit ratings and publications when making an investment decision. No warranty, express or implied, as the accuracy, timeliness, completeness, merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose of any Moody's credit rating is given or made by Moody's in any form whatsoever.
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London, 13 February 2004 -- Moody's Investors Service has assigned a definitive rating of Aaa to the
third series of UK Covered Bonds issued by HBOS Treasury Services plc
("HBOS TS"). This is the third issuance under a Euro 14 billion
UK Covered Bond programme established by HBOS TS. Moody's assigned
provisional credit ratings on these bonds on 4th February 2004.
Moody's hereby also confirms the Aaa credit ratings assigned to the Series
1 and Series 2 Notes of the Covered Bond programme.
The UK Covered Bonds are bonds directly issued by HBOS TS (Aa2 / Prime-1)
and benefit from guarantees from HBOS plc ("HBOS") and Bank of Scotland
("BOS"), both rated Aa2 / Prime-1. In addition to
the guarantees, the bonds are secured on a pool of prime UK residential
mortgage loans (the "Asset Cover Pool") originated by Halifax plc.
The programme has been structured using securitisation techniques to ringfence
the Asset Cover Pool from HBOS TS or other members of the group in the
unlikely event of an insolvency of any HBOS group entity. Moody's
classifies these UK Covered Bonds as structured covered bonds, and
has not applied a notching approach in the rating analysis.
The programme has been established under general UK law unlike many other
European covered bonds which rely on specific legislation. The
UK has a relatively creditor-friendly legal framework which has
enabled HBOS to create a structured covered bond that has similar characteristics
to the unstructured covered bonds found across Europe. Over and
above the restrictions found in many covered bond frameworks, HBOS
has incorporated a number of securitisation techniques into this programme.
Moody's believes that the use of these structuring techniques have credit
advantages. For example, structuring techniques include provisions
that should mitigate refinancing risk and the risks to the transaction
associated with a credit deterioration of the swap counterparty.
Moody's believes that the impact of the structuring techniques lowers
the credit-link of the covered bonds to the rating of HBOS TS and
the guarantors and this should mean the assigned ratings have a lower
rating volatility than many unstructured covered bonds.
The rating addresses the expected loss posed to investors by the legal
final maturity. The structure allows for timely payment of interest
and ultimate payment of principal at par on or before the rated final legal maturity date.
Moody's ratings address only the credit risks associated with the transaction.
Other non-credit risks have not been addressed, but may have
a significant effect on yield to investors.
Copies of Moody's transaction report and performance overview for the
HBOS UK Covered Bond Programme are available. Please call Moody's
London client service desk on +44 (0)20 7772 5454, to order
Detlef Scholz
Managing Director
Structured Finance Group
Moody's Investors Service Ltd.
Nicholas Lindstrom
VP - Senior Credit Officer
Structured Finance Group
Moody's Investors Service Ltd.
Dial 1-866-330-MDYS (1-866-330-6397)
Dial the AT&T Direct Dial Access® code for
your location.
Then, at the prompt, dial 866-330-MDYS


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Getting penalised by a Search Engine for using inappropriate methods of obtaining rankings can be extremely costly, and it can be a tiresome battle to remove a penalty, so always be careful with techniques that you apply, and research thoroughly.
Search Engines change the algorithms for their ranking methods periodically, to either improve their search results or nulify a practise that they do not approve of. Therefore it is imperative to keep up with current trends and findings to ensure you are applying every practise you can, while adhering to the rules.
It appears that Search Engines do not publish any clear documentation on their algorithms, so be extremely wary of anyone claiming to have inside information or a sure fire method of obtaining fast rankings. These claims reek of techniques that will increase your risk of penalties.
If you believe your website has been penalised, the news is not good. There are no guarantees that you will ever be able to get your website re-listed, and most stories where this has been achieved say it was a long process of communication with the search engine.
The best solution is dont get penalised in the first place.
Contact us to discuss our Search Engine Optimisation services.


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by Sally
Today is the first day of realization – to finally, finally notice the world about us. The sky – its color and how it changes from sunrise to sunset, with the clouds turning from a puffy white, sometimes forming images, to a dark stormy blue, emphasizing the setting of the sun that spreads out the beautiful bold and soft colors of red, orange, yellow, blue and green. Almost every color on an artist's palate is demonstrated as the day turns from bright sunlight to a dark star-filled universe with a bright light coming from a full moon, making shadows on the mountains.
But as the world goes on, and cities get larger with sky-scraping buildings, they make it hard to see these beautiful scenes and colors from our back yards. When the clouds roll by the sun and moon they seem to change their figuration. One started out as a huge dragon, only to end up resembling a small bird. Letting our imaginations flow (or should I say go) with the wind, we see such beauty that we ignore each day.
We need to bring back our thoughts, as wild as they may be, and let go! You'd be surprised at what comes to your vision, and it could either make you laugh or scare you to wonder where did that come from?!
October, 2011


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This marks Edmonton Made's last profile on the six-person Gifted selection committee. The panel, in consultation with Edmonton Made, will choose the products that will appear in the 2018 edition of Edmonton Made's signature catalogue.
Today is also the last day to submit products for consideration in the catalogue. Send your application in before 11:59 p.m. MST tonight. More information on the application process here.
Like so many other small business owners Diana Tidswell began blogging to attract and inform customers. Little did she know it would become a fulfilling, full-time career.
Upon graduating the University of Alberta's residential interiors program, Tidswell founded the design firm i3 Interiors, which was regularly featured on CTV Morning Live's "Ask a Designer" segment. Though the business was doing well on paper, Tidswell wasn't loving the client work.
"I was a little uninspired by the projects I had on the go," says Tidswell. "I thought if I finish the job and the client loves it that's great, but if I don't want to share it and photograph it because I'm not in love with it, well I don't love that."
What she did love however was the sense of freedom and creativity she got from blogging.
When she decided to take a hiatus from i3 Interiors, Tidswell launched her current lifestyle blog, 204 Park, with the ambitious intention of turning it into a full-time gig.
Named after the blog's HQ (aka Tidswell's former condo), 204 Park has indeed become a premiere source for all things fashion, beauty and home décor in Edmonton.
Tidswell has worked with brands such as Yahoo, Casio, Remington, Chapters Indigo, and Nars. Her mid-century modern eclectic style has been featured on top design and DIY sites Brit & Co, Refinery29 and Apartment Therapy, to name a few, while her conversational tone and gorgeous Instagram photos have garnered a devoted online following that spans North America.
In 2017, Tidswell went back to her roots, launching an interior design company with fellow blogger Kristina Lynne from Inspired by Lynne.
I get to talk about what I love or do cute DIYs
The two met through the blogosphere and became fast friends. While they shared similar design sensibilities and career goals, it took a trip to Toronto (for BlogPodium, Canada's conference for design and lifestyle influencers) to realize they would make the perfect business partners.
"Kristina and I were both having brunch discussing how, because we already had a great platform and a great audience online, we had both considered [offering e-design] and we just had a moment [of clarity,]" explains Tidswell.
Upon their return the two began planning what would become Kresswell Interiors — a primarily online interior design service.
Not only did both bloggers want to cater to their built-in client base, but they also wanted to offer a more accessible way to get professional design advice. E-design is more affordable and less intimidating explains Tidswell. It's also still pretty rare in Canada.
Within a few short months, the business has taken off. "We seem to be attracting clients that really gel with our style, which is kind of the dream," says Tidswell.
But her true love will always be blogging, she says.
"I get to talk about what I love or do cute DIYs, or write entertainment posts where I partner with brands I love and get paid to do it, which is kind of a crazy concept."


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Depression in Children
A child with depression can experience problems not just with how they feel, but also how they behave. Depression in children is treatable, but often young people are not recognised as being depressed so they don't get the right help.
This film explains how to identify and help a child showing the symptoms of depression. Also download and print out our fact sheet on depression in children.


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Mentoring Program
The purpose of the mentoring program is to assist students with college and vocational planning, and with study skills instruction.
Each student is assigned to one faculty member, or mentor, for her four years of high school. Mentoring groups are comprised of about 30 students per mentor, divided by class levels. These groups meet with the mentor twice a week in order to follow a formal curriculum. In addition, each student has an individual appointment with her mentor once per semester. The mentor's role is to implement the curriculum while developing a helping relationship with each student in the area of academic monitoring and advising.
Class Level Mentoring
Mentoring Curriculum
The formal mentoring curriculum includes specific class-level oriented instructions for mentors in the areas of college exploration, career exploration, and study skills instruction.
Mentors offer information on graduation requirements, student scheduling instructions, tutoring referrals, guidelines for writing letters of recommendation, suggested questions for individual mentoring interviews, a list of currently available college reference materials, and many other useful sources of information.


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On the heels of two reports criticizing the county's executive pay practices, Orange County supervisors are poised to vote on a two-year contract for managers and executives that includes a hike in salary and bonuses.
Last month, Orange County Performance Auditor Steve Danley revealed dozens of unauthorized pay raises given to county managers and executives. In essence, Danley concluded that if the rate of approval for the county's performance bonuses are justified, then the typical manager in the county bureaucracy is exceptional or better.
Then this week the Orange County grand jury criticized a lack of transparency when granting the county's top salaries.
Nonetheless, CEO Tom Mauk has signed a tentative agreement with managers that includes an expansion of the same kinds of performance bonuses that the performance auditor's report criticized as overly generous. The agreement is being considered by managers and will soon come to a vote. It's expected to reach county supervisors as early as the last meeting in June.
Mauk said there is give and take in all labor negotiations. He said the expansion of the performance bonuses were essentially a swap, because county managers and executives are being asked to pay more in monthly payments for their retirement plans.


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Pho is a kind of Vietnamese noodle soup, and it not surprisingly makes up a good portion of the menu. Ian ordered the #20 for lunch – beef Pho. It had great meat and came with bean sprouts, hot peppers, crisp green onions and fresh basil that you're free to add as you see fit. He topped it off with a glass of coconut juice which he enjoyed and which came with shaved coconut in it, $7.Wendy had the V2 which is lightly friend tofu with crisp vegetables. There's a choice of crispy or soft noodles. It was delicious!
During the warmer months there is an outdoor eating area with some umbrella shaded tables surrounded by small flower planters. The view is of the strip mall parking lot, but the food more than makes up for the location! Enjoy their food? It's even easier to swallow their prices – both our lunch specials were under $10.


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"Are you the new person drawn toward me?
To begin with, take warning – I am surely far different from what you suppose;
Do you suppose you will find in me your ideal?
Do you think it so easy to have me become your lover?
Do you think the friendship of me would be unalloy'd satisfaction?
Do you think I am trusty and faithful?
Do you see no further than this façade—this smooth and tolerant manner of me?
Do you suppose yourself advancing on real ground toward a real heroic man?
Have you no thought, O dreamer, that it may be all maya, illusion?"
― Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass
I would love to be the me in you
for in your eyes I shine.
You have always believed in me
My silly jokes, my foolish rhymes.
If I could be the me in you
I wouldn't have to doubt
you believe in the confidence
of which I've felt a drought.
I'm weary of being the me in me
that silly sad old fool
who once thought I could get away
with breaking every rule
Yet life stomps hard on fantasies
and every tower falls
For you I want to build castles
I'd make the grandest halls.
For if I become the me in you
that brave worthwhile ideal
There is nothing I couldn't do
to no being would I yield
For you have kept believing
when I was brought down low.
With you I've become a better man
Together may we grow.
— G A Rosenberg
Blessings, G
Click on images to see full-sized:
Bestowal by G A Rosenberg
After Image by G A Rosenberg


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Central Park Tower
About Central Park Tower
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Interested in this building?Contact OpCity Today!
217 W 57th St, New York, NY 10019
- Year Built2020
- Floors95
- Units179
- Height1550 ft
- Neighborhood Midtown West
- Building Type High-Rise
- Ownership Condo
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256 pages | 6 x 9 | 7 illus.
Ebook 2016 | ISBN 9781512807837 | Buy from De Gruyter $79.95 | €69.95 | £70.50
This book is available under special arrangement from our European publishing partner De Gruyter.
An Anniversary Collection volume
View table of contents
Peter van der Veer and the contributors to this volume explore the relationship between South Asian nationalism, migration, ethnicity, and the construction of religious identity. Although nationality and diaspora seem to represent opposite ideas and values, the authors argue that nationalism is strengthened, even produced, by migration.
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Chun Longhua is a little girl from Infinity Fortress and the sister of Qinglong. She is a friend of Ginji.
Quilong calls his sister and trying to run away from the enemies. Longhua protected his brother from being hit by the monsters of Beltline. When Ginji found her, she was dying in his arms. That's were the Lightning Emperor was born.
AnimeLonghua has a short appearance in the anime. Ginji and her were running away from the enemies. Later on, she dies on Ginji's arms. It was never shown how she died.
After she dies, the Lightning emperor was born.
Community content is available under CC-BY-SA unless otherwise noted.


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Alexander Medgett
With our project we want to give European students a new platform where issues which are of importance to them can be dealt with from a European instead of national perspective. We think that news from purely national angles are not suitable for our generation anymore, and want to take a first step towards the creation of a student-driven European media platform.
We are based in Cologne, Germany.
Campus Europe will strengthen democracy in Europe by creating a wide network of media makers who will cooperate on common projects, driven by the shared goal to deliver news from the angle of young Europeans. In this way it helps young Europeans to understand political affairs in Europe.
A success would be to have a constant output of high-quality media, with growing numbers of members and audience alike. Our network will become registered, and our output become even more regular. With the overarching goal of becoming a household name for European media coverage.
We would register as non-profit organisation under German law, using the office space of Startplatz for two people. They will coordinate productions of and with our partner TVs, creating scripts, overseeing the production and organize the articles section by supporting the work of the editors. He/she will establish new guidelines on cooperation and institutionalize our current partnerships and reach out to the TV studios, as well as secure proper financial planning and administer the homepage.
Campus Europe is important to us because it not only targets and engages, but is also produced and managed solely by European students. This guarantees that communication between makers and audience is honest and direct, with no additional layer of older professional in between.
CampusEurope aims to inform and attract students. Our focus lies on European students, although "European" is not bound to the borders of the EU member states. Once CampusEurope has established itself as a dynamic platform for youth news, it can also become interesting for older generations.
How to professionalize our structures (office administration, professionalize the partners network) and to establish a stable financing. Also we are always open for new ideas or new formats.