text: Cape Town - A tale of two teams, two halves, two drivers and three navigators…Mark Cronje won the 2015 SA National Rally Championship in fine style for the Ford Performance team in the Polokwane Rally, the last event of the season, while Elvene Coetzee was crowned the navigators' champion after the penultimate round in the Cape. Here are 20 defining moments of the championship season, which from the outset was a battle between Cronje and Robin Houghton, the 2012 and 2013 champions in their Ford Performance Fiesta S2000, and Leeroy Poulter and Coetzee, the defending champions in their Castrol Toyota Yaris S2000.Top rally moments 1 Cronje and Houghton dominated the narrative in the first event, the Tour Natal, held in the sugar cane fields of KwaZulu-Natal in March – winning by a full 44.6 seconds from Poulter and Coetzee.2 In Class S1600 Paulus Franken and Henry Kohne (Manitou VW Polo S1600) capitalised on the bad luck of fellow Capetonians Ashley Haigh-Smith and Damian van Ass (Castrol Ford Fiesta S1600) who were forced to retire 2km from the end with a broken wheel on their car, to win the class.Watch: SA driver avoids huge rally crash3 Misty and wet weather made the slippery gravel roads in the forests of Mpumalanga virtually undrivable, making the Sasol Rally the most difficult and challenging rally ever in the Lowveld. Again Cronje and Houghton showed their class, winning the rally in emphatic fashion.4 The rally will also be remembered for the dramatic accident involving Henk Lategan and Barry White in their Sasolracing Volkswagen Polo S2000 and Japie van Niekerk and navigator Gordon Noble (NAD Ford Fiesta S2000). In slippery conditions Lategan spun on the famous "spaghetti junction" tarmac stage, and while recovering got in the way of the fast-accelerating Ford. Both cars were extensively damaged and both teams withdrew. None of the crew or spectators was hurt.5 The treacherous conditions in Mpumalanga lead to a high attrition rate in the S1600 class, but Chad van Beurden and Nico Swartz (Jem Sport VW Polo) gave good account of themselves against international competition, finishing first in class and eighth overall.6 The Sasol Rally also saw the overseas crew of Hans Weijs and Bjorn Degand losing their drive with the Sasolracing VW team. Hergen Fekken was called back to be reunited with Pierre Arries in a VW Polo for the Secunda Rally, while Gugu Zulu teamed up with Hilton Affray.7 Cronje and Houghton won the inaugural Secunda Motor Rally in dominant fashion, leading from start to finish, chalking up their third victory for 2015 on the trot. Zulu and Auffray, in their first outing together for the VW team, scored a podium position.Aaaaaaah that taste of Champagne - Finished 3rd overall #VictoryLane #TeamZuluAuffrey #GuguZuluRacing #GZR #SecundaRally2015 @sasolsa @volkswagensaA photo posted by Gugu Zulu (@guguzulu) on May 16, 2015 at 8:03am PDT8 Defending S1600 champions Guy Botterill and Simon Vacy-Lyle (Yato Tools Toyota Etios S1600 R2) bounced back in Secunda, delivering an impressive performance to win the class in style. Marko Himmel and Francois Schoombee (North Panelbeaters VW Polo R2) showed good sportsmanship by stopping to assist Nico Higgs and Etienne Lourens after their VW Polo caught fire in a stage.9 Just as it seemed Cronje and Houghton were unstoppable in their quest to secure a third national title, Poulter and Coetzee stage a comeback in the Bela-Bela Motor Rally in May, winning the event in Limpopo convincingly ahead of Cronje/Houghton, while the NAD Fiesta crew of Japie van Niekerk and Gerhard Snyman (who replaced Noble after the Sasol Rally) finishing third in Van Niekerk's spare rally car. Botterill and Vacy-Lyle celebrated their second consecutive class victory in Bela-Bela.10 The heavens opened up during the Volkswagen Rally in the Eastern Cape, turning the stages into quagmires. Poulter/Coetzee kept up the momentum in the waterlogged rally, slip-sliding their way to victory the shortened event.Read: 2015 VW Rally in 5 awesome tweets11 The Imperial Toyota Group announced their sponsorship of the Tshwane Motor Rally which now started in Pretoria before moving to the town of Cullinan. While Cronje and Houghton led the rally until the penultimate stage, a steering problem put their Ford out of the running, handing victory to Poulter and Coetzee.12 The event will also be remembered for the spectacular roll of Matthew Vacy-Lyle and Schalk Van Heerden, up to that point the log leaders in Class S1600, which virtually destroyed their Fragram sponsored Toyota Etios S1600. They secured the only other Etios rally car in the country, belonging to Chris Coertse, for the final two events of the season.Watch: Whoa! Rally car flips multiple times13 The two leading teams were now level-pegged on points, setting the scene for a thrilling final two races in the series. Such was the tension leading up to the Toyota Cape Dealer Rally in September that the Ford Performance team took the unprecedented step of replacing Houghton with Gerhard Snyman, Van Niekerk's regular navigator – to save weight in the car.14 Poulter and Coetzee, after an altercation with a wall on the stage at the Killarney race circuit, crashed out of the event with two stages to go. Their Castrol Toyota team mates Giniel de Villiers and Carolyn Swan did the same in very spectacular fashion. Cronje and Van Niekerk won the event.WATCH: SA rally ace Giniel rolls car in dramatic crash15 Cronje, on 88 points, was now 7.5 points clear of Poulter (who earned 1.5 points under Superally rules). This meant he only needed to finish third overall in the final event, the Polokwane Motor Rally, to regain the national rally crown. However, in Houghton's absence Elvene Coetzee won the 2015 National Rally Navigators' title with one event left to go.16 The Battle in Polokwane turned out to a bit of a non-event when Poulter lost 20 seconds on the first day due to a puncture and suffered power steering problems on the final day. Cronje romped home virtually unchallenged, winning the rally and the 2015 South African Rally Championship in fine style.This spectacular pic of Giniel de Villiers' Toyota Yaris flying through the air on SS10 pretty much sums up the Cape Dealer Rally. Read the five most awesome moments of the event in my bio. ???? Pic : @bevanlateganA photo posted by Sean Parker (@sean_parker23) on Sep 21, 2015 at 7:04am PDT 17 Henk Lategan and Barry White were second, 22.9 seconds adrift, scoring what turned out to be the final points for the Sasolracing Volkswagen motorsport team in their Polo S2000, as Volkswagen South Africa announced their withdrawal as an official factory team from the sport.18 Houghton, while not participating in the final event, accumulated enough points in the first six rallies to keep his runner-up position in the 2015 Navigators' championship.Read: 5 awesome moments from the Cape Dealer Rally19 In S1600 Botterill and Vacy-Lyle gained another class victory in the Cape rally to all but wrap up the season. They had to finish sixth or higher in Polokwane in order to secure the championship. While the Namibians Marko Himmel/Gert Nienaber won the class in the final rally, Botterill and Vacy-Lyle finished fifth in class to secure their second consecutive championship, as well as the S1600 drivers' and navigators' titles.20 Cronje's victory in the Drivers' championship moves him to the sixth position overall in terms of national rally titles won, and fifth in terms of national rally wins (22) behind rally legends Serge Damseaux (74), Sarel van der Merwe (66), Jan Hettema (36) and Jannie Habig (36). Toyota again secured the Manufacturers' title in the 2015 championship, its 23rd since 1968.I have DONE IT! I just won my 3rd SA National Rally Championship by winning the Polokwane Rally. Thank you very... http://t.co/DKfppFEvNR— Mark Cronje (@Cronje24) October 17, 2015


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Submitted by Timothy Jacobs, Jacobs Writing Consultants, Photos by Cory Dye with Aerial Innovation
If you frequent Wicked Dolphin or Big Blue Brewing, you're not seeing double when you meet the managers, Joe Termini and Dan Termini. They just happen to be twin brothers. The only one who tells them apart immediately is their aunt, JoAnn Elardo, who happens to own Wicked Dolphin and Big Blue Brewing.
Opening the Establishments
JoAnn has family here in South Florida, and after many visits, she decided "it's so beautiful here" that she moved from New York. She retired in 2008 and had no plans for jumping into the restaurant or distillery business. "I had owned a business called Amersport," she says, "located in central Europe. We were one of the largest distributors of American sporting goods. I would not have done it (open two establishments) if it was not for Joe and Dan. They were my encouragement and reason for doing this."
It was because of bad rum that Wicked Dolphin came about. JoAnn says she was "drinking some rum one night and noticed it wasn't made locally, but from a different country. Then I thought, we have 50% of the sugar cane right here in our own backyard. Why aren't we making the rum?"
While visiting New York, she went to a family barbeque and startled talking with her nephew, Dan, about opening a rum distillery. He was studying to be a pipe fitter and has an extensive mechanical background. JoAnn said, "He said he'd like to think about it. Once winter hit, he made up his mind."
It was not long after that, Dan was in Florida and Wicked Dolphin opened their doors.
Big Blue Brewing came about from Joe and Dan's enthusiasm of brewing beer. JoAnn said, "There was a big interest in brewing beer. Then this building came up, which is pretty much the cornerstone of downtown; it's a great location. We picked it up thinking we would move Wicked Dolphin down here, but it just wasn't big enough."
She also knew that a brewery is difficult to sustain, so they incorporated it with a restaurant. When the time came for Big Blue Brewing, Joe now had to make a decision about coming to Florida. "It was a big move (from NY)," he says. "It's also a big risk. I told my boss I was going to take a year off and go to Florida; I haven't been back since."
Florida was not all that new to Joe and Dan. "We also vacationed down here, our mom has a house on Marco Island," says Joe.
Joe came down in 2015 and spent eight months working and learning with JoAnn and Dan at the distillery. He went over to Big Blue Brewing as the construction was finishing up, and they opened the doors in October 2016.
"It's a perfect fit," says JoAnn. "Joe has a restaurant and accounting background and Dan has a mechanical and distillery background. I have one more nephew coming down who has experience in marketing, so we'll see where he fits in."
How the Names Came About
JoAnn's house sits along the Caloosahatchee River where she and her husband, along with their dog, enjoy the water and spotting dolphins. Actually, it's more like JoAnn and her husband enjoy seeing the dolphins; their dog growls every time a dolphin comes to the surface for air.
"I went to bed one night," she says, "then I heard my dog growling. I woke my husband up thinking someone was trying to break in. He said, 'No one is trying to break in, it's that damn wicked dolphin.' And I said, 'Wicked dolphin, I like that.'"
For Big Blue Brewing, they went through a lot names, "but one day out on the boat," says JoAnn, "we were looking at the sky and the water out in the Gulf. I said, 'Wow. It's big and blue.'"
All three say Big Blue is not about any sports team. JoAnn pointed out when there is a New York Giants game on, all the fans show up. When there's a Michigan Wolverines game on, the fans show up. "We didn't realize how many different avenues there were with Big Blue," says Dan.
Growing Up and Being a Twin
Joe grew up working in restaurants. "I would start out as a dishwasher, then prep-cook, server, and even do bookkeeping," he says. "When I moved down here, this was just a great fit."
Dan says, "I was always tinkering with stuff and putting things together. I actually worked at a couple of distilleries and was able to bring that experience here. For a couple of months, I even had a mentor who came to Wicked Dolphin and shared his knowledge with me hands on." When it comes to distilling, he says, "it's just like cooking, take a couple of ingredients and mix them together and see what you get."
Joe and Dan have many stories of working together, being twins, and confusion with customers. "All day long people confuse us," says Joe. "I get customers who go to the distillery for a tour, then come here {Big Blue Brewing] for lunch. They see me and ask 'How did you get from the distillery to here so fast?' I have to explain to them that there are two of us."
Dan mentioned when both of them worked at the distillery, a customer would be talking to one of them, then turn around and do a double-take. JoAnn was quick to call them both out and said sometimes they switch on purpose.
Joe says some of the funnier moments are when "my brother will have a conversation with a customer, then come back into the kitchen, and when I walk out they try to resume the conversation and I have to explain that was my brother you were talking to. Then they challenge us, so we both have to come out and go to their table."
Working With Passion
When it comes to operating a restaurant, "You do every aspect of the job," says Dan. "It's rewarding to see the number of people who come through our facilities and enjoy themselves. We have great people who visit us over and over at both facilities. That is what lets you know your hard work is paying off."
"It's the whole creative process and every day it's something different," says Joe. When Joe has some down time, he likes to hit Sanibel and relax at the beach where he says, "you won't be able to reach me for the day."
The Termini twins also enjoy a round a golf, but scheduling time to be on the links is a bit challenging. Dan says, "Every weekend we say, 'Let's try to get out and go golfing.' It hasn't happened since October." Dan is recently married and he and his wife are expecting a child, so a lot of his free is spent preparing for the baby.
Every Friday at Big Blue, there is a new craft beer introduced, with Mug members being able to sample the new creation an hour before the public can.
One of Big Blue Brewing's most creative beers to date has been the Peanut Butter and Jelly beer. It has won an award for best beer. It's actually name is Peanut Butter and Jealous. After it hit the tap, it was gone six hours later.
"Our IPAs and house beers are usually customer favorites," says Joe. "We did a milk chocolate porter that went over very big. When it comes to food, people love our burgers, our steak sandwiches, and our flatbreads."
"We really focus on craft cocktails here," says JoAnn. "They are very unique and we make all the mixers ourselves. We squeeze our own juices and make our own Bloody Mary mix. What keeps everything fresh and unique is that we can experiment here. We don't want to do or have the same things every day. Our philosophy down here is to use the best ingredients we can and have some fun with it."
The Future
When it comes to handing the reins to her nephews, JoAnn has nothing but confidence in each of them. "I know their character, I know what they're capable of doing and I feel very comfortable that it's in the family. I'm very happy that things are working out." She is hoping soon to cut her schedule down from six days a week to only four.
Dan is excited with where Wicked Dolphin is and where it's headed. They were recently named the number one distillery for 2016 by USA Today, and Business of the Year 2016 by the News-Press. "Our goal," says Dan, "is to keep working hard at it and see where this journey takes us to."
"We [Big Blue Brewing] are still very new," says Joe. "We are still working out a couple of kinks here and there, but people love it here. We have live entertainment, trivia night, and we want to watch it as it keeps growing. One goal is to look into distributing our beer into local restaurants and to also just establish ourselves in the community."
"We treat customers like family," says Dan. "We try to be as friendly as possible and we get a lot of repeat customers."
Each establishment also prides itself on using fresh, local ingredients. Joe even mentioned that the kitchens don't have microwaves. "We want to provide a good meal, an honest meal," he says.
At Wicked Dolphin, their spiced rum is made with honey from Walker Farms in North Fort Myers, while their coffee and other supplies are purchased within the community. Rum from the Wicked Dolphin Distillery is available in nearly 3,500 locations through the state of Florida, including local package stores in Cape Coral. And they are not sticking to just rum, points out JoAnn.
"We just started to expand into Vodka," she says, "which is a spirit that sells a lot more than rum. Our sales will increase because of this expansion. We are also getting calls from restaurants where the owner is saying, 'I was in Big Blue and had a such-n-such beer, I'd like to carry it here.' We are not in distribution, but this is an area to explore if Joe and Dan want to."
Every business today needs to have a social media presence, and both Wicked Dolphin and Big Blue Brewing have theirs. Dan says through Facebook they "get the word out about where we are, specials, events, competitions, raffles, and always try to have a picture with our posts."
When asked if there is third business in their future, Joe said, "You never know what is going to come out of us."

subset: commoncrawl


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Saint. Sinner. Partner. Pet Mama. Cook. Gardener. Semi-Trained Church Geek. "Here I blog; I can do no other; God help me." Soli Deo gloria!
Sunday, February 15, 2009
The Joy Division...Not
Anyway...I am laughing because, over on Beliefnet's "Crunchy Con" blog, a regular named Iraeneus has taken to calling me HeretikChik. As I've mentioned, I read this blog simply as a representative of the loyal opposition -- even though I'm sure Rod and his friends would argue the "loyal" point -- but to me it's gotten increasingly nasty, negative and paranoid. Which makes me wonder, again, why Christians have such a tendency toward meanness and gracelessness. I thought we were supposed to be a joyful people, living in Christian hope. Hell -- give me a roomful of Buddhists or pagans any day.
4 comments:
- Unknown said...
Yeah. I hope you found some family peace today.
- Auntie Knickers said...
Sad, isn't it? We did go to church today and enjoyed Evolution Sunday with a good sermon on Darwin and God, and hymns and anthem accordingly (the anthem was Earth and All Stars). I'm glad you are taking care of yourselves this hard week. Do you have the day off tomorrow?
- LutherPunk said...
I've noticed the same thing about the Crunchy Con blog. I started reading it after I read his book (which I actually quite liked), and in the past months it seems to have become increasingly snarky. Honestly, I think it has to do with the blog having run its course and now really grasping for something for subjects.
Which makes me wonder, again, why Christians have such a tendency toward meanness and gracelessness. I thought we were supposed to be a joyful people
Well, there's your problem right there! We're people. In the paraphrased words of Fr. Andrew Greeley, it'd be a perfect Church if God had left it in the hands of the Seraphs, but instead She gave it over to us humans and we just do the best we can.
And boy howdy, you wanna see meanness and gracelessness? You bring the wrong dish to Full Moon Goddess potluck. Pagans and Buddhists are people, too, and just as succeptable to drama as Christians.


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Are you easily exhausted? Do you ever feel that you are on the verge of burn-out?
That sometimes describes me. And yet, thankfully, I'm convinced that it doesn't have to be this way. Whether we fall flat on our face or whether we finish the day energized depends upon what is fueling you.
If you're at all like me, you begin the morning fueled by a large thermos of coffee. We think of food, and certain kinds of drinks, as fuel. Gatorade asks the question, 'Is It In You?'. Red Bull promises increased energy. Apparently some Major League Baseball players, in search of more of a lot of things, have turned to Human Growth Hormones (HGH) and anabolic steroids to gain an edge.
Most of us get the principle that what is "In You" hugely affects your output. What you might not know is that God provides something infinitely better than coffee, Red Bull, and HGH for your progress.
The apostle Paul (in his letter to the Colossians 1:3-14) speaks words of encouragement to a community of faith in desperate need of fuel for the journey. The fuel promised to the Colossians long ago, remains available to you and I today. I spoke about this on Sunday, January 27, 2008. Have a listen and you may find the way to gain fuel for the journey.


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Why this site?
Behind each carefully curated product on this site is a local business from the Berkshire Region who puts their heart and soul into the product you are buying. Businesses who give back. Women owned businesses. Folks who got into the business they're in because they care about the environment, quality, the food you eat, or because of a family tradition.
We believe it's important for you to know a little about the folks who make the products we sell, so we've featured their stories here in hopes you'll appreciate knowing where your products are from and who's behind them. Check out the "Meet the Makers" section of the site to read more about the real people and families behind our products.
As for me, this site is a labor of love. Having grown up in Western Massachusetts and now settled in the Berkshires, I have a great fondness for those artisans, farmers, and businesses that call this place home, like I do. I know that this region is special and my goal here is to make buying the products and supporting these folks as easy as possible for those both in and out of the Berkshire Region.
One thing to be aware of is that many of these businesses are tied to the seasons and products may not be available off-season, or the maker may have simply run out or have only one due to the handcrafted nature of many of the items here.
This should make things fun as I will change up the inventory based on availability and seasonality.
Enjoy! ~ Stacy
Makers who are currently in partnership with this site:
- AK Designs
- Barnacle Goose Greetings
- BerkSherps
- Berkshire Crochet
- Berkshire Grain
- Big Head Books
- BlueQ
- Bug Hill Farm
- Burnt Barn Studio
- Currency Coffee Co
- Dr. Schnuffie's
- Essential Jules
- Giuseppe's Wild Mountain Farm
- Highland Ledge Farm
- Holiday Brook Farm
- Hot Harry's
- JD Logan Fine Art
- Klara's Gourmet
- Klo Organic Beauty
- Meghan Noonan, Photographer
- Mighty No Bitey/Ruff on Bugs
- Moho Designs
- Ooma Tesoros
- Rolling Rock Farm
- Shandells
- Shire Comforts
- Shire Fire Candles
- Smokey Diva's
- Soasa Designs
- Storey Publishing
- Tanya's Country Kitchen
- Things That Work
- Tunnel City Coffee


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New Double Fisted print by @brown73 now available on Tees, Hoodies, and Girl Tees in the WST Online Boutique. Features the Izze 6 Logo print on the back of the tees and the front of the Hoodie.
Tag Archives: illustration
Project Blackbook: Arest 150
We've started a new Blackbook Project where we will be offering customized Blackbooks. First up is Arest150 with this fresh full color 11″ x 14″ page. The book also featured a large Arest 150 Die Cut Vinyl Decal on the cover and ships with a custom sticker pack by the artist. A great pick up for any collector Arest/WST fan!
Color Blind Group Show January 4th at The Park Gallery
Zone WST/TFL and Duel RIS/WST will be participating in the Color Blind Group Art Show on January 4th at The Park Gallery. If you are in the area we encourage you to try and make it out!
The Park Gallery
4325 Park Blvd,
San Diego, CA 92103
Freshly inked outline for November by IzzeWST
New sketch work in preparation for Savor The Daze this weekend in Texas. Check out the completed outline on Izze's Blog.


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Tag Archives: Unemployment
I Don't Want to Disappoint my Six Year Old Self
My bursting with confidence, six year old self, if she had the chance to meet the 40 year old me that's plagued with self doubt would say, "You're a writer. You love words and illustrations, remember?". I finally need to … Continue reading
Posted in Blogging & Writing Tagged 40 year old, blogging, childhood, Comments, confidence, corporate jungle, culture, English, kindness, language, Life, Living, native speaker, personal, self doubt, self esteem, six year old, unemployed, Unemployment, vocation, writing 14 Comments
My Confession: I Should Not be Ashamed of This, But I Am
I don't know why it's so hard for me to put this out there, but ok here goes – I am unemployed. I am jobless and very ashamed, guilt ridden, and embarrassed about it. The thing is, I wasn't retrenched, … Continue reading
Posted in Midlife Musings Tagged Ashamed, bad, bad co-worker, books, bully, Confession, depression, expectations, fear, fears, guilt, hermit, Identity, interviews, job, jobless, Life, Living, mean, office, Office Politics, personal, Phobia, quit, sad, society, Toxic, unemployed, Unemployment, work, workplace, writer 16 Comments
10 Things You May Not Know About Panic Attacks
When I first heard about panic attacks triggered by unusual causes I was one of the guilty ones who immediately thought 'strange'. I now can relate to why Billy Bob Thorton might be afraid of antiques and Nicole Kidman of … Continue reading
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Facing the Demons of Unemployment (A Post I Love via The Odyssey)
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Singapore 28th in Quality of Living Survey 2010
Mercer's Quality of Living Rankings for 2010 are out and Singapore tops Asian cities which is not surprising as the top thing that comes to my mind is that we have a very low crime rate and this survey applies … Continue reading
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Mixed xanthan gum and locust beam gum therapeutic compositions
New compositions comprising xanthan gum, locust bean gum, and a pharmaceutical agent in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid vehicle. More specifically these compositions are useful in drug delivery systems, particularly for ophthalmic drugs.
Latest American Home Products Corp. Patents:
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a pH sensitive gum composition capable of delivering a pharmaceutical agent in convenient liquid or gel form to its point of application. More particularly, this invention relates to a pharmaceutical delivery system and a method for the controlled administration of drug to a patient. This invention also relates to a pharmaceutical delivery system possessing the property of being liquid at a pH of less than about 3.5-5 and a gel at a pH of greater than about 5. In preferred embodiments, the invention relates to bioerodable drug delivery systems for the controlled administration of drug to a mammalian patient over a prolonged period of time, especially to the eye of such patient. In another aspect the invention relates to the reversibility of the system from liquid to gel and gel to liquid thereby enabling varied methods of application suited to the different biological environments encountered in a mammalian patient. Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for preparing these compositions. A further aspect of this invention relates to the use of these compositions as adjuvants in pharmaceutical formulations to potentiate the response of therapeutic agents.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The prior art is replete with a multiplicity of compositions, products, appliances, applications, dispensers, injectors, depositors for the controlled administration of drug to a mammalian patient. Typically, such products provide a means to carefully regulate the level of drug administration to the patient and also maintain a more uniform and therapeutically effective blood level, thus increasing the effectiveness of the desired treatment.
These products have been in the form of liquids, ointments, tablets, capsules, inserts all and other vehicles having bioerodable properties and/or non-bioerodable properties. Each of these products, depending on its use or application, possess inherent advantages and disadvantages. For example, liquid compositions for dropwise instillation to the eye provide ease of formulation; but accurate administration of the required amount of drug is difficult, as illustrated by the drops of the ophthalmic streaming down the face of the patient during its administration.
Exemplary of insert type drug products are U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,618,604 and 3,867,519. The former illustrates the non-bioerodable type of ocular insert for controlled drug administration while the latter teaches the use of a bioerodable ocular insert. These inventions, however, require relatively detailed and complex preparatory techniques. Furthermore, with both types of inserts, the patients may suffer irritation, discomfort, dislocation and/or bacterial contamination via their placement or migration within the eye.
Other disadvantages associated with the non-bioerodable drug product, device, or vehicle are more apparent when such devices are employed in areas of the anatomy other than the eye, and surgical or other professional removal is necessary.
Tablets and the like, whether or not bioerodable, suffer the inherent disadvantages of solid preparation techniques.
In other aspects of drug products vehicles and compositions, the prior art teaches the use of various gums and polymers to potentiate the pharmacological response of drugs. In this connection, for example, the use of methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, guar gum, polyvinyl alcohol, diethylaminoethyl dextran, alginic acid and others is familiar to those skilled in the art. Some of these gums, polymers, and others are also used in eye preparations.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,557,016 and 3,519,434, disclose the making of a heat reversible aqueous gel composition, containing xanthan and locust bean gums, and its application to various food preparations. These disclosures, however, do not teach that reversible gel compositions of these gums, sensitive to factors other than heat, can be prepared nor how to use such compositions in drug delivery or as a vehicle. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,700,451 and 3,944,427 disclose gelable and gelled compositions containing a liquid medium, agar and a combination of xanthan and locust bean gums. These compositions are said to be useful to process photosensitive media and as a carrier for therapeutic agents. These compositions, however, will not produce reversible liquid-gel properties dependent on pH variability, but are gels at all disclosed concentrations.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pH sensitive composition comprising a xanthan gum and locust bean gum solution in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid vehicle, said composition having reversible properties as will be illustrated.
Another aspect of this invention relates to a composition comprising xanthan gum and locust bean gum in combination with a pharmaceutical agent (for convenience pharmaceutical agent, drug, and medicament will be used interchangably).
Still another aspect of this invention relates to the use of said gum compositions in drug delivery and vehicles.
In this specification a "gel" is defined as a colloid in which the disperse phase has combined with the continuous phase to produce a semi-solid such as a jelly. The gel will usually form as an elastic bead or a doughnut shaped ring when in contact with the described pH environment. Also, the meaning of the term bioerodable includes physically erodable.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In this application "xanthan gum" means Xanthomonas hydrophilic colloid produced by bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas. Illustrative of such a colloid is the xanthan gum sold under the Keltrol trademark (Kelco Co., Clark, N.Y.). It may be described as a high molecular weight natural carbohydrate, or more specifically polysaccharide. The generic term xanthan gum defines exocellular biopolysaccharides which are produced in a pure culture fermentation process by the microorganism Xanthomonas campestris. Three different monosaccharides are found in the basic structure - mannose, glucose and glucuronic acid (as a mixed potassium, sodium and calcium salt). Each repeating block within the polymer contains sixteen sugar units. The linear portion consists of five, 1 .fwdarw..fwdarw..fwdarw. 4-linked D-glucose units, four, 1 .fwdarw..fwdarw..fwdarw. 4-linked D-mannose units and four, 1 .fwdarw..fwdarw..fwdarw. 2-linked D-glucuronic acid units. At C-3 of two glucose units there are mannose branches and at some other position, as yet undetermined, in the repeating unit is a side chain derived from pyruvic acid and glucose i.e. 4,6-O-(carboxyethylidine)-D-glucose. Each repeating unit contains an average of 3.4 acetyl groups which are believed to be connected at C.sub.6 of mannose.
Locust bean gum is a high molecular weight polysaccharide derived from ceratonia siliqua. Chemically, locust bean gum is a galactomannan best illustrated with galactose units located on every fourth mannose unit, with smaller amounts of pentoglycan, protein, cellulose and ash. A detailed description of the composition, physical and chemical properties, preparation, etc. of locust bean gum is given in Industrial Gums (Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives), Academic Press, (1959) at pp. 361-376, incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a composition of matter comprising a solution of plant seed gum and microbial gum in a liquid vehicle wherein the pH of the solution is adjusted, depending on the application, to a pH of less than about 3.5-5 for liquid administration, and to a pH of greater than about 5 for gel administration. Because of its pH sensitive properties, this invention has proved adaptable to its administration in convenient liquid form such that the composition reverts to a gel upon contact with an environment where the pH is greater than about 5. This invention is most useful as a vehicle for the controlled administration of a predetermined dosage regimen of drug.
It is to be understood that the change in the physical state of the solution is a gradual one. The critical pH at which the change can be observed is dependent on the total gum concentration and on the concentration of xanthan gum in the mixed gum system. As a general rule, as the total gum concentration increases, the pH at which the liquid to gel transformation begins will decrease. Insofar as the effect of the xanthan gum concentration in the xanthan-locust bean gum mixed system on reversibility, it is observed that this effect is less significant than that of total gum concentration. It can be stated, however, that the liquid to gel transformation begins at a lower pH when the concentration of xanthan gum in the mixed gum system is about 40-60% than when it is outside these concentrations.
In a preferred embodiment, the formulations of this invention are administered topically to the eye in the form of ophthalmic solutions.
The concentrations of ingredients in these formulations are expressed as percent weight by volume, unless noted otherwise. In preferred compositions, the plant seed gum is locust bean gum and the microbial gum is xanthan gum, and generally the total gum concentration in solution is from about 0.01% to about 1%. It is preferred to keep the total gum level in solution at about 0.1% to about 0.5%.
The use of the lower concentration of the mixed gums will usually depend on whether the gums are used to potentiate a drug's pharmacologic response as described below or whether a gelable composition is sought. In the former case, as little as 0.01% gum concentration in solution will be satisfactory depending on the drug. Where gelable compositions are required, a minimum of about 0.1% to about 0.15% gum concentration in solution is preferrable.
In these gelable compositions, furthermore, the proportions of the respective xanthan and locust bean gums is important. The percent of xanthan gum in the mixed gum system ranges from about 6% to about 94% of the total gum content, the remainder being locust bean gum.
In concentrations outside this range or in solutions containing only one of these gums, sufficient gelling did not occur, nor, at the same time did these solutions demonstrate pH sensitive liquid-gel reversibility. However, in compositions formulated solely to potentiate a drug's pharmacologic response, the xanthan gum concentration in the mixed xanthan gum-locust bean gum system ranges from about 1% to about 99% of the total gum content. The preferred concentration of xanthan gum in the mixed gum system for both the gelable composition and the potentiated composition is from about 40% to about 60%, the remainder being locust bean gum.
Because it has been found that the pH sensitive liquid-gel properties of the composition are not appreciably altered by incorporating therapeutically effective amounts of drug, the compositions of this invention can be used as a drug vehicle. In the case of ophthalmic use, drug containing compositions of this invention can be administered by dropwise instillation. Concentrations of drug in the formulations of this invention vary with the specific drug employed, so long as a therapeutically effective dosage is incorporated.
In an especially preferred embodiment, the compositions of this invention can be combined with echothiophate iodide to provide a longer acting formulation. Thus, an advantage of the present invention is that in treating a disease condition, the daily regimen of drug administration is significantly reduced in comparison with other drug vehicles.
Activity increases with increased concentration of the therapeutic agent employed in the formulations of this invention. Such concentrations generally fall within the above described ranges; however, it is to be understood that these general ranges may be modified in certain instances to suit the needs and responses of an individual patient. Therefore, any dose which will produce the desired effect without irritation can be used. It has been found, however, that the incorporation of the described gums in the drug system potentiate a greater pharmacological response than in systems not having the gum, thus allowing effective lower dosages to be administered, particularly, in ophthalmic compositions. By way of example, gum containing ophthalmic compositions of echothiophate iodide activated about the same miotic response in the eyes of rabbits as did ophthalmic compositions containing much higher dosages of echothiophate iodide. Similar tests indicate that the dose of pilocarpine can be reduced by one fifth with the use of the herein described gum compositions. Thus, the compositions described and contemplated within this invention may be used simultaneously or alternately as a vehicle for delivering a drug and as an adjuvant for various drugs, particularly, ophthalmic drugs.
Although the ophthalmic drug compositions of this invention can be administered in a sterile physiological saline vehicle, in many cases it is preferred to formulate these compositions into an ophthalmic vehicle. Such vehicles are well known in the art and are fully described in such standard reference works as Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Martin and Cook, Map Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 13th Edition (1965).
While the compositions of this invention are particularly well suited to the administration of water soluble drug, it will be appreciated that it is equally well adapted to the administration of drugs which are not water soluble. By way of illustration, these compositions maintain their pH sensitivity in the presence of such non-aqueous solvents as ethanol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, glycerin, sorbitol and the like when such solvents compose up to about one third by volume of the carrier system, i.e., the liquid vehicle comprises 60-100% water.
The compositions of this invention can be designed by first selecting the drug to be used, the pharmacological response desired, the dosage needed to produce that level of pharmacological response, and the period of therapy. A composition can then be designed to produce that pharmacological response comprising the mixed gums and the selected drugs.
Any of the drugs used to treat the eye and surrounding tissues can be incorporated in the ophthalmic compositions of this invention.
Suitable drugs for use in therapy of the eye with the ophthalmic compositions of this invention, consistent with their known dosages and uses, are without limitation; antibiotics such as tetracycline, chlortetracycline, bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin, gramicidin, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, and erythromycin; antibacterials such as sulfonamides, sulfacetamide, sulfamethizole and sulfisoxazole; antiallergenics such as antazoline, methapyriline, chlorpheniramine, pyrilamine and prophenpyridamine; anti-inflammatories such as cortisone, hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone acetate, dexamethasone, deamethasone 21-phosphate, fluocinolone, medrysone, prednisolone, methylpredenisolone, predisolone 21-phosphate, prednisolone acetate, prednisone, fluoromethalone, betamethasone and triamcinolone; decongestants such as phenylephrine, naphazoline, and tetrahydrazoline; miotics and anticholinesterases such as pilocarpine, eserine salicylate, carbachol, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, dibenamine, tolazoline, echothiophate iodide, and demecarium bromide; mydriatics such as atropine sulfate, cyclopentolate, homatropine, scopolamine, tropicamide, eucatropine and hydroxyamphetamine; and sympathomimetics such as epineprine, cocaine, and ephedrine.
The above drugs and other drugs can be present in the composition alone or in combiantion form with pharmaceutical carriers for the various routes of drug administration described in this application. The carriers acceptable for the purpose of this invention are the art-known carriers that do not adversely affect the drug, the host, or the material comprising the drug delivery device. Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include sterile water; electrolytes such as NaC1; dextrose; dextrose in water or saline; lower alkanols; oils such as corn oil; peanut oil; sesame oil, and the like, with emulsifiers such as mono- or di-glyceride of a fatty acid, or a phosphatide, e.g., lecithin, and the like; glycols; aqueous media in the presence of a suspending agent, for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose; sodium alginate; polyvinylpyrrolidone; and the like, alone, or with a suitable dispersing agent such as lecithin, polyoxyethylene stearate; and the like. The carrier may also contain adjuvants such as preserving, stabilizing, wetting, emulsifying agents, and the like.
In preferred embodiments, the ophthalmic composition is intended to provide a complete dosage regimen for eye therapy over this prolonged period. Therefore, the amount of drug to be incorporated in the composition is determined by the fact that sufficient amounts of drug must be present to maintain the desired pharmacological response over the therapeutic treatment period. Illustratively, in order to treat glaucoma in an adult human, the daily release dosage should be in the range of between 25 micrograms to 1,000 micrograms or pilocarpine per day, levels which may now be modified downward, as discussed earlier, due to the potentiation of miotic response made possible by the gums.
Although the use of the drug delivery systems of this invention has principally been described with regard to ophthalmic compositions for the controlled administration of ophthalmic drugs to the eye, these materials may be employed as well in a wide variety of compositions for administering drugs at a controlled rate to other areas of the body which offer biological environment of suitable pH required to affect the gel effect or that are susceptible to potentiation by the mixed gum system. Thus, the pharmaceutical delivery systems of this invention may be employed to advantage in external and internal bioerodable drug delivery compositions such as, for example, topical, oral, nasal and buccal preparations; peroral dosage forms which bioerode by the action of the saline in saliva; subcutaneous implants for releasing a drug to the tissue of a patient; vaginal preparations and rectal preparations which are eroded by the action of vaginal and intestinal fluids respectively. In each instance, the composition employs xanthan and locust bean gum in combination and is of a shape or form appropriate for administering in the described body tissues or cavities respectively or for application to a particular body area.
Therefore, in practicing the invention, one can employ any drug used to treat the body in addition to those ophthalmic drugs previously listed, which is capable of being dispersed in or confined by the resultant gel composition in accordance with the above-described invention and with the known usages of the drug.
The term "drug" as used herein is intended to be interpreted in its broadest sense as including any composition or substance that will produce a pharmacologic response, either at the site of application or at a site remote therefrom. Suitable drugs for use in therapy with the drug delivery systems of the invention include without limitation:
1. Protein drugs such as insulin;
2. Desensitizing agents such as ragweed pollen antigens, hay fever pollen antigens, dust antigen and milk antigen;
3. Vaccines such as small pox, yellow fever, distemper, hog cholera, fowl pox, anti-venom, scarlet fever, diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, pigeon pox, whooping cough, influenzae, rabies, mumps, measles, poliomyelitis, Newcastle disease, etc.;
4. Anti-infectives, such as antibiotics, including penicillin, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, bacitracin, nystatin, streptomycin, neomycin, polymyxin, gramicidin, oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin; sulfonamides, including sulfacetamide, sulfamethizole, sulfamethazine, sulfadiaaine, and sulfisoxazole, antivirals including idoxuridine; and other anti-infectives including nitrofurazone and sodium propionate;
5. Anti-allergencies such as antazoline, methapyrilene, chlorpheniramine, pyrilamine and prophenpyridamine;
6. Anti-inflammatories such as hydrocortisone, cortisone, hydrocortisone acetate, dexamethasone, dexamethasone 21-phosphate, fluocinolone, triamcinolone, medrysone, prednisolone, prednisolone 21-phosphate, and prednisolone acetate;
7. Decongestants such as phenylephrine, naphazoline, and tetrahydrozoline;
8. Sympathomimetics such as epinephrine;
9. Sedatives and Hypnotics such as pentobarbital sodium, phenobarbital, secobarbital sodium, codeine, (.alpha.-bromoiso-valeryl) uera, carbromal;
10. Physchic Energizers such as 3-(2-aminopropyl)indole acetate and 3-(2-aminobutyl)Indole acetate;
11. Tranquilizers such as reserpine, chlorpromazine, and thiopropazate;
12. Androgeic steroids such as methylestosterone and fluoxymesterone;
13. Estrogens such as estrone, 17 .beta.-estradiol, ethinyl estradiol, and diethyl stilbesterol;
14. Progestational agents such as progesterone, megestrol, melengestrol, chlormadinone, ethisterone, norethynodrel, 19-norprogesterone, norethindrone, medroxyprogesterone and 17 .alpha.-hydroxyprogesterone;
15. Hormonal agents such as the prostaglandins, for example, PGE.sub.1, PGE.sub.2 ;
16. antipyretics such as asprin, sodium salicylate, and salicylamide;
17. Antispasmodics such as atroine, methantheline, papaverine, and methscopolamine bromide;
18. Anti-malarials such as the 4-amino-quinolines, 8-amino-quinolines, chloroquine, and pyrimethamine;
19. Antihistamines such as diphenhydramide, dimenhydrinate, tripelennamine, perphenazine, and carphenazine;
20. Cardioactive agents such as hydrochlorothiazide flumethiazide, chlorothiazide, and aminotrate;
21. Nutritional agents such as vitamins, essential amino acids and essential fats;
22. Anti-Parkinsonism agents such as L-dopa, (1-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine);
23. Investigative antihypotensive agents such as dopamine, 4-(2-aminoethyl)pyrocatechol.
The amount of drug employed in compositions in accord with this invention may vary over a wide range depending upon the type of drug and the dosages desired. The amount may vary from the minimum effective single dosage of the drug employed to a maximum number of effective doses limited only by the release characteristics of the composition of this invention. In general, drug is usually present in an amount sufficient for a terapeutically effective dosage.
Additionally, the ophthalmic compositions may include the following: preservatives, including chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, parabens, benzalkonium chloride, and benzethonium chloride buffers, including acetates, lactates, borates, citrates and phosphates; electrolytes, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride; antioxidants, such as sodium bisulfite, sodium thiosulfate and cysteine; stabilizers, including EDTA, Polysorbate 20 and Polysorbate 80; and vehicles including water and others as listed earlier.
For a more complete understanding of the compositions contemplated by this invention and their methods of preparation, reference should be made to the following examples. It is to be understood that these examples are given merely as further illustrations of the invention, and are not to be construed in a limiting sense.EXAMPLE 1
______________________________________ The formulations listed below ______________________________________ Locust Bean Gum.sup.1 3 g Xanthan Gum.sup.2 2 g Sodium Phosphate 0.26 g Boric Acid 0.6 g Mannitol U.S.P. 12 g Chlorobutanol Anhydrous 5.0 g Hydrochloric Acid Q.S. to pH 3 2 ml Distilled Water Q.S. 1 liter ______________________________________ .sup.1 SUPERCOL.RTM. locust bean gum has been used, a product of Soluble Products Corp., but other locust bean gums are compatible, such as SEAGEL.RTM. from Marine Colloids Inc., also used. .sup.2 Xanthan gum used, was usually KELTROL.RTM., a product of Kelco Company, but other xanthan gums are compatible.
has been prepared in the following manner:
1. Place 900 ml of water in a suitable container equipped with a dispersator.
2. Place 30 ml of Distilled Water in a Blender and add the Anhydrous Chlorobutanol. Blend for 2 minutes at low speed. Add this dispersion to Step No. 1 with stirring.
3. Add the Mannitol, Boric Acid and Dried Sodium Phosphate to Step No. 2 and stir until completely dissolved.
4. Blend the Locust Bean Gum and Xanthan Gum with the solution for about 10 minutes.
5. Add 2 ml of 1N Hydrochloric Acid to the solution and filter.
6. Bring the batch to volume with Distilled Water.EXAMPLE 2
An ophthalimic composition employing a pH sensitive reversible gel solution was prepared as in Example 1, but after adjusting for pH filtering, dissolved echothiophate iodide and potassium acetate (if used) to prepare test solution.
In this manner the following formulations were prepared for testing:
TABLE I ______________________________________ Ingredients A B C D ______________________________________ Echothiophate 0 0.3 GM 2.5 GM 0.3 GM Iodide Locust Bean Gum 3 GM -- -- 3 GM Xanthan Gum 2 GM -- -- 2 GM Sodium Phosphate 0.25 GM 0.26 GM 0.25 GM 0.26 GM Dried Boric Acid 0.60 GM 0.60 GM 0.60 GM 0.60 GM Reagent Grade Mannitol 12 GM 12 GM 12 GM 12 GM Potassium Acetate -- 8 GM 8 GM -- Chlorobutanol 5 GM 5 GM 5 GM 5 GM Anhydrous Hydrochloric Acid, Q.S. to pH3 -- -- Distilled Water 1 Liter 1 Liter 1 Liter 1 Liter Q.S. ______________________________________
Table II ______________________________________ Ingredients E F G H I ______________________________________ Echothiophate 0.3 gm 0.3 gm 0.1 gm 0.1 gm 0.1 gm Iodide Locust Bean 3 gm 0.6 gm 4 gm 3 gm 1 gm Gum Xanthan Gum 2 gm 0.4 gm 1 gm 2 gm 4 gm Phenylethyl -- -- 5 ml 5 ml 5 ml Alcohol Hydrochloric Acid, Q.S. to pH3 Distilled Water 1 Liter 1 Liter 1 Liter 1 Liter 1 liter Q.S. ______________________________________
rabbit's eyes were treated with 2 drops of the test solution, and pupillary diameters were measued with a cathetometer. The miotic response intensity was computed by taking the difference in pupillary diameters at zero time and time "T" (i.e., hours after instillation) and dividing it by the pupillary diameter at zero time. The table below illustrates the average miotic response for all eyes as a function of hours after instillation.
______________________________________ *AMI at HOURS AFTER INSTILLATION 1 2 3 7 24 25 ______________________________________ A 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.00 0.03 0.04 B 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.05 0.13 0.18 C 0.14 0.44 0.45 0.49 0.39 0.33 D 0.36 0.62 0.70 0.57 0.26 0.26 E 0.55 0.57 0.64 0.58 0.45 0.52 F 0.53 0.61 0.65 0.57 0.32 0.40 G 0.25 0.43 0.48 0.30 0.20 0.21 H 0.45 0.50 0.53 0.32 0.31 0.28 I 0.44 0.53 0.57 0.39 0.28 0.26 ______________________________________ *Avg. Miotic Response Intensity
By comparing formulations D-I inclusive with formulations B and C, it is clear that the former group potentiated significantly higher miotic response intensities than those formulations not having the combined gums. Thus, it was observed that the dosage level of gum containing formulations can be reduced. It was also observed that the gum containing formulations could be used to deliver a sustained and controlled dosage regimen of echothiophate iodide over a 24 hour period.EXAMPLE 3
Formulations containing pilocarpine hydrochloride were prepared as in Example 2 and are illustrated as follows:
TABLE III ______________________________________ Ingredients J K L ______________________________________ Pilocarpine Hydrochloride 0.1 GM 0.5 GM 0.1 GM Locust Bean Gum -- -- 3 GM Xanthan Gum -- -- 2 GM Boric Acid 12.4 Gm 12.4 GM 12.4 GM Potassium Chloride 0.4 GM 0.4 GM 0.4 GM Sodium Carbonate Q.S. -- to pH3 Hydrochloric Acid Q.S. -- -- to pH3 Distiller Water Q.S. 1 Liter 1 Liter 1 Liter ______________________________________
Rabbits' eyes were treated and tested as in Example 2, the results are listed in the following table.
These results indicated that the gums potentiate the miotic response of pilocarpine hydrochloride. It therefore appears that the dose of pilocarpine can be reduced up to one fifth with the combined use of locust bean and xanthan gums.EXAMPLE 4
Formulations containing the aldose reductase inhibitor, 1,3-dioxo-1H-benz [de] isoquinoline-2(3H)-acetic acid, Alrestatin.RTM. were prepared as in Example 2:
______________________________________ W X ______________________________________ Alrestatin 12.0 g 12.0 g Potassium Hydroxide 3.25 g 3.35 g Locust Bean Gum -- 0.50 g Xanthan Gum -- 0.50 g Benzalkonium Chloride at 17% 0.06 ml 0.06 ml EDTA Acid 0.10 g 0.10 g Potassium Hydroxide Q.S. to pH6 Phenylethyl Alcohol -- 1.0 ml Distilled Water Q.S. to 100 ml 100 ml ______________________________________
Potentiation of the aldose reductase inhibitor was demonstrated by measuring its ocular penetration following instillation in the eyes of unanesthesized rabbits, see below:
TABLE ______________________________________ OCULAR PENETRATION OF ALRESTATIN W X ______________________________________ Aqueous Humor (mcg/ml) 8.5 11.8 Cornea (mcg/g) 78 160 Len (mcg/g) 0.5 0.6 ______________________________________
These results illustrate increased ocular penetration in formulation containing locust bean and xanthan gums in combination with aldose reductase inhibitor.EXAMPLE 5
I. -- Formulations containing the polypeptide, gonadorelin also known as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) were evaluated for potency.
______________________________________ Formula per liter ______________________________________ LH-RH Varied Locust Bean Gum 3 gms Xanthan Gum 2 gms Chlorobutanol 5 gms Hydrochloric Acid Q.S. to pH 3 Distilled Water Q.S. to 1 Liter ______________________________________
Prepared by hydrating each gum separately at 80.degree. C. for 30 minutes and treated with a cell disrupter for 2 minutes. The gum solutions were mixed in the presence of hydrochloric acid by adjusting the pH to 3. Chlorobutanol was then dissolved in the mixed gum solution and filtered. LH-RH was then dissolved in the gum solution over a dose range of 0 to 500 nanograms.
The test solutions were administered subcutaneously to neuroleptically treated rats. The number of rats ovulating and the number of ova at different LH-RH dose levels is shown in the following table.
______________________________________ Dose of Number AY-24,031 Of Rats Ovulating Number of Ova Found Administered Control with 0.5% Control With 0.5% in NG (No Gums) Gums (No Gums) Gums ______________________________________ 0 0/10 0/10 0 0 31 0/10 0/10 0 0 62 2/10 3/10 7 8.7 .+-. 1.4 125 5/10 7/10 8 .+-. 1.2 10.6 .+-. 0.6 250 8/10 9/10 10.1 .+-. 0.5 11.2 .+-. 0.7 500 10/10 10/10 10.5 .+-. 0.6 11.5 .+-. 0.5 ______________________________________
These results indicate that LH-RH has been released from the site of injection (s.c.) and reached the target organ (pituitary) where it released LH and subsequently induced ovulation in fluphenazine dihydrochloride (FD) pre-treated proestrous rats.
II. -- Formulations containing 2% LH-RH, 0.25% locust bean gum, 0.25% xanthan gum, and 0.5-1% phenylethyl alcohol were also prepared and evaluated intranasally. Results indicate that the intranasal method of administration also stimulates LH-RH release at a level greater than formulations without the mixed gums.EXAMPLE 6
Formulations containing Neomycin sulfate and/or dexamethasone were evaluated for stability.
TABLE IV ______________________________________ Formula Per Liter N O P ______________________________________ Neomycin Sulfate 3.5 gm 3.5 gm -- Dexamethasone 1.0 gm -- 1.0 gm Locust Bean Gum 1.5 gm 1.5 gm 1.5 gm Xanthan Gum 1.0 gm 1.0 gm 1.0 gm Phenylethyl Alcohol 5.0 ml 5.0 ml 5.0 ml Distilled Water Q.S. 1 Liter 1 Liter 1 Liter to ______________________________________
Manufactured as described in Example 2, the stability (of these formulations) was monitored over a 3 month period and no significant changes were noted.EXAMPLE 7
Formulations containing phenylephrine HCl and/or prednisolone acetate were evaluated for stability.
TABLE V ______________________________________ Formula Per Liter Q R S ______________________________________ Phenylephrine HCL 2.5 gm 2.5 gm -- Prednisolone Acetate 5.0 gm -- 5.0 gm Tween 80 1.0 gm 1.0 gm 1.0 gm Locust Bean Gum 1.5 gm 1.5 gm 1.5 gm Xanthan Gum 1.0 gm 1.0 gm 1.0 gm Phenylethyl Alcohol 5.0 ml 5.0 ml 5.0 ml Distilled Water Q.S. 1 Liter 1 Liter 1 Liter to ______________________________________
Manufactured as described in Example 1, these formulations were monitored for stability over a 3 month period and no significant changes were noted.EXAMPLE 8
Manufactured as described in Example 1, the stability of a formulation containing epinephrine bitartarate was assessed over a 3 month period and found to be satisfactory.
______________________________________ Formula Per Liter ______________________________________ Epinephrine Bitartarate 20 gm Locust Bean Gum 1.5 gm Xanthan Gum 1.0 gm Phenylethyl Alcohol 5.0 ml Distilled Water Q.S. to 1 Liter ______________________________________EXAMPLE 9
Manufactured as described in Example 1, the stability of formulations containing phenylephrine HCl and/or sulfactamide sodium was assessed over a 3 month period and found to be satisfactory.
______________________________________ Formula Per Liter ______________________________________ Sulfacetamide Sodium 150 gm 300 gm Phenylephrine HCl 1.25 gm -- Locust Bean Gum 1.5 gm 1.5 gm Xanthan Gum 1.0 gm 1.0 gm Phenylethyl Alcohol 5.0 ml 5.0 ml Distilled Water Q.S. to 1 Liter 1 Liter ______________________________________EXAMPLE 10
The following formulations demonstrated the pH reversibility of gum containing solutions in the presence of non-aqueous solvents.
In each case a 1% weight/volume solution of the individual gum was prepared by first dispersing the gum in distilled water, autoclaving the resultant solution for 1 hour, filtering, adding 1% of phenylethyl alcohol and bringing the solution to volume. The mixed gum solution was then preferrably prepared w/mixing by adding 10 ml of a non-aqueous solvent to 10 ml of a 1% weight/volume xanthan gum solution, followed by the addition of 10 ml of the 1% weight/volume locust beam gum solution. These solutions, being neutral, formed a gel which liquified with the addition of 1 ml of 0.1 N HCl. Thus, pH reversible gum containing solutions with such non-aqueous solvents as ethanol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, glycerine, sorbitol, and the like could be prepared.EXAMPLE 11
Manufactured as described in Example 1, formulations containing carbachol, 2-[(Aminocarbonyl)oxy]-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride were prepared.
______________________________________ Formula per 50 ml ______________________________________ Carbachol 0.50 g 1.50 g Phenylethyl Alcohol 0.125 ml 0.125 ml Xanthan Gum 0.125g 0.125g Locust Bean Gum 0.125g 0.125g Distilled Water q.s. to 50 ml 50 ml Hydrochloric Acid q.s. to pH 3 .sqroot. .sqroot. ______________________________________
The stability of carbachol containing formulations were evaluated and found to be satisfactory.
1. A pharmaceutical composition consisting essentially of a pH sensitive solution of a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid vehicle of xanthan gum, locust bean gum and a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutically active drug in said vehicle; wherein said mixed gums together comprise about 0.01-1.0% weight by volume of the liquid composition; and wherein the percent of xanthan gum in the mixed gums is from about 6-94% of the total gum content, the remainder being locust bean gum; said composition being a liquid at a pH of less than about 3.5-5 and a gel at a pH above about 5; and wherein said liquid vehicle comprises 60-100% water by volume.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein said gums comprise about 0.15-0.5% of the liquid composition.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the percent of xanthan gum in the mixed gums is from about 40-60% of the total gum content, the remainder being locust bean gum.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein said drug is an ophthalmically active drug.
5. The composition of claim 4 wherein said drug is echothiophate iodide.
6. The composition of claim 4 wherein said drug is pilocarpine hydrochloride.
7. The composition of claim 4 wherein said drug is at least one selected from the group consisting of phenylephrine hydrochloride, prednisolone acetate and sulfacetamide sodium.
8. The composition of claim 4 wherein said drug is epinephrine bitartarate.
9. The composition of claim 4 wherein said drug is the aldose reductase inhibitor 1,3-dioxo-lH-benz[de]isoquinoline-2(3H)-acetic acid.
10. The composition of claim 4 wherein said drug is carbachol.
11. The composition of claim 1 wherein said drug is gonadorelin.
12. The composition of claim 1 wherein said drug is at least one selected from the group consisting of neomycin sulfate and dexamethasone.
13. An ophthalmic composition for the administration of a drug to the eye consisting essentially of a pH sensitive solution in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid vehicle of about 0.04% to about 0.4% xanthan gum, about 0.06% to about 0.4% locust bean gum, wherein said gums together comprise about 0.1% to about 0.5% of said composition; about 0.01% to about 0.25% of echothiophate iodide; wherein the pH of said composition is adjusted to a pH of less than about 3.5-5, said percentages being expressed as weight per volume and wherein said liquid vehicle comprises 60-100% water by volume.
14. An ophthalmic composition for the administration of a drug to the eye in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid vehicle consisting essentially of about 0.1% to about 0.4% of xanthan gum, about 0.1% to about 0.4% of locust bean gum, wherein said gums together comprise about 0.2% to about 0.5% of said composition; about 0.01% to about 0.05% of pilocarpine; and wherein the pH of said composition is adjusted to a pH of less than about 3.5-5, said percentages being expressed as weight per volume and wherein said liquid vehicle comprises 60-100% water by volume.
15. An opthalmic composition consisting essentially of a pH sensitive solution in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid vehicle of about 0.5% of xanthan gum; about 0.5% of locust bean gum; and a therapeutically effective dosage of 1,3-dioxo-lH-benz[de]isoquinoline-2(3H)-acetic acid; wherein the pH of said liquid composition is greater than about 5; and wherein said percentage is expressed as weight per volume; and wherein said liquid vehicle comprises 60-100% water by volume.
16. A method for increasing the effectiveness in a mammalian patient of a therapeutically effetive amount of a drug in a topically administered liquid composition which consists essentially of incorporating within said composition an adjuvantally effective amount of xanthan gum and locust bean gum.
17. An ophthalmic composition for the administration of drug to the eye in a pharmaceutically acceptable liquid vehicle consisting essentially of about 0.1% to about 0.4% of xanthan gum, about 0.1% to about 0.4% of locust bean gum, wherein said gums together comprise about 0.2% to about 0.5% of said composition; and a therapeutically effective dosage of carbachol; wherein the pH of said composition is adjusted to a pH of less than about 3.5-5, said percentages being expressed as weight per volume; and wherein said liquid vehicle comprises 60-100% water by volume.
|March 1955
|Feinstein et al.
|December 1968
|February 1972
|April 1972
|October 1972
|March 1975
|Haddad et al.
|August 1975
|March 16, 1976
|March 15, 1977
|September 1971
- "The Pharmacopeia of the USA" 18th Revision-9/1/70, pp. 220-221 and 505-506. J. of Pharm. Sci. 63 (5), 721-724 (1974), Lee et al., "Corneal Absorption of Ophthalmic Drugs".
Type: Grant
Filed: Jan 31, 1977
Date of Patent: Jan 23, 1979
Assignee: American Home Products Corp. (New York, NY)
Inventors: Matura K. Pramoda (Rouses Point, NY), Song-Ling Lin (Rouses Point, NY)
Primary Examiner: Albert T. Meyers
Assistant Examiner: D. W. Robinson
Attorney: Adley F. Mandel
Application Number: 5/764,319
International Classification: A61K 3548; A61K 4700; A61K 3135; A61K 3112;


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Janet Bubert Joins Underwood's Fort Worth Office
Janet Bubert, whose practice area focuses on representing schools, has joined Underwood Law Firm, P.C. as a Shareholder.
Janet has represented independent school districts, charter schools, school foundations, universities and colleges in a variety of matters including employment, student discipline, policy development and open government. She has represented educational entities in federal and state courts and before the Texas Commissioner of Education. A primary focus of her school law practice is related to special education and programs for students with disabilities.
She received her J.D. (magna cum laude) from Southern Methodist University Dedman School of Law in 2002 and is an honors graduate with a Bachelor of Science in Advertising from The University of Texas. She is admitted to practice in Texas and the U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas. She is a member of the State Bar of Texas, Tarrant County Bar Association, the Texas and National School Board Associations and the Texas Council of Administrators of Special Education, among others.
Janet was recognized by Thomson Reuters in Texas Monthly between 2007-2012 as a Rising Star in the area of Schools and Education Law and has been a Board Member of the Texas Association of School Boards, Council of School Attorneys since 2015. Alan Rhodes, Underwood Law Firm's Managing Partner, said, "Underwood is pleased to welcome Janet Bubert to its Fort Worth Office. Janet brings significant experience expanding Underwood's services to clients in the Metroplex area."
In the community, Janet serves on the Board of Directors for Mayfest Inc., is a graduate of Leadership Fort Worth and previously served as the Marketing Director for the Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra, where her husband Dennis plays bass trombone.


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Mitsubishi Mirage G4 Car Wash at Mad City Mitsubishi near Madison 53705
Regular car washes will keep your Mitsubishi Mirage G4 looking brand-new. Many elements contribute to a dirty exterior. Emissions in the environment as well as dirt and mud can keep your car from looking shiny and new. Contaminants can potentially eat away at paint and sometimes metal, so it is important to bring your Mitsubishi Mirage G4 in for a regular car wash to Mad City Mitsubishi near Madison 53705.
When you bring your Mitsubishi Mirage G4 in for a car wash at Mad City Mitsubishi, your vehicle will be treated to a thorough wash, rinse, and shine. If your car builds up a layer of dirt and grime, both on the exterior and the windows, it can cause corrosion and cloud your visibility for the road ahead. A car wash at Mad City Mitsubishi will ensure that your Mitsubishi Mirage G4 is spotless and your windshield is clear for a safe driving experience.
Here at Mad City Mitsubishi, we also offer optional add-ons with your car wash such as car wax. Waxing protects your Mitsubishi Mirage G4 from pollution and contaminants, as it provides a sacrificial layer on top of your car's clear coat, so when you remove dirt, you are not rubbing directly on the paint. Our Mad City Mitsubishi team will treat your car how you want it to be treated, with the utmost care and precision. We have the right materials to leave your Mitsubishi Mirage G4 shiny and clean with a car wash at Mad City Mitsubishi near Madison 53705.
Our car wash team here at Mad City Mitsubishi is not only trustworthy and meticulous, but also will also take care of your Mitsubishi Mirage G4 like it's their very own. Along with your car wash, we will also vacuum your car's interior and clean the dashboard and console. We also treat leather interiors with the right cleaning agents for a pristine finish. You'll notice the difference right away with the Mad City Mitsubishi near Madison 53705 car wash team.
When you bring your car in for a wash at Mad City Mitsubishi near Madison 53705, you can be in and out in no time. We service your Mitsubishi Mirage G4 as quickly as possible, without compromising quality. Our car washes include an exterior cleanse, interior vacuuming and cleaning, carpet shampooing, waxing, and, if needed, leather conditioning. The Mad City Mitsubishi car wash team gives your car the attention it needs, both inside and out. Schedule a service appointment today for your Mitsubishi Mirage G4 car wash at Mad City Mitsubishi near Madison 53705.
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Salespeople Should Be Principled
By Dr. Greg Story
In 1936, an unknown author, despite many frustrating years of receiving rejections, finally managed to get his manuscript accepted by a major publishing house. That book became a classic in the pantheon of self-help texts: How to Win Friends and Influence People.
Surprisingly, many people in sales have still not read this work. Author Dale Carnegie's aim was to help all of us deal better with each other, particularly in a business context.
He did this by laying down some principles, which will make us more successful in communicating with others, especially those who are very different from ourselves.
Salespeople should definitely be friendly. Ancient Chinese wisdom also notes, "A man who cannot smile should not open a shop." Here are four principles for becoming friendlier with clients.
Become genuinely interested in other people
Our buyers are actually more interested in what we know about what they want, than in what we know about our product or service. A common mistake is becoming wrapped up in the features of our offering and losing focus on the buyer and what they want. It's time to get busy really understanding our clients.
The key word in this principle is "genuine." Having a correct kokorogamae, or true intention, means being honestly focused on understanding the client, to really serve them and build a partnership. We must be fully focused on their success, because wrapped up inside that outcome is our own success.
Talk in terms of the other person's interests
Salespeople have a nasty habit of selective listening and selective conversation, focusing on their preferred topics. Their kokorogamae is centered on their interests, and the buyer's interests are secondary.
Sales talk is a misnomer—there is no sales talk. There are well-designed questions and there are carefully crafted explanations for solution delivery, which are tightly tied to the buyer's interests. Questions uncover interests, and with laser-beam focus, those interests should be the only topics of salespeople's discussions.
Sounds simple, but salespeople love to talk. They love the sound of their own voice and they become deaf to the client, often without even realizing it.
Check yourself during your next client conversation. Imagine your words were recorded; would they fully address the buyer's interests? If not, then stop blathering and start talking in those terms.
Japanese buyers are rarely uncomfortable with silence, so don't feel pressured to fill the conversation gaps with nonsense!
Be a good listener. Encourage the other party to discuss themselves
Good listening means listening for what is not being said.
It means not pretending to be listening, while we secretly think of our soon-to-be-unveiled brilliant response. It means not getting sidetracked by a single piece of key information, but taking in the whole of what is being conveyed. It means listening with our eyes—reading the body language and checking it against all of the words being offered.
Talkative salespeople miss so much key client information and then are puzzled as to why they can't be more successful in selling. The client doesn't have the sales handbook, where the questioning sequences are nicely arranged for maximum efficiency.
Instead, the client conversation wanders all over the place, lurching from one topic to another, without compunction.
Actually, the above describes my own tendencies as a buyer. I have so many interests and will happily digress from the digressions of the digressions!
Well-designed questions from the salesperson keep the discussion on track and allow the client to speak about themselves at length. From the buyer's comments we learn so much about their values, absolute must-haves, desirables, primary interests, and dominant buying motives.
Japanese buyers usually need a higher level of trust to be developed, before they consider opening up and talking about themselves. It is exceedingly rare to wrap up an agreement in Japan with just one meeting. So salespeople, play the long game here and don't rush. In Japan, we are limbering up for a marathon, not a sprint.
Arouse an eager want in the other person
This principle is not manipulation by a huckster or carnival barker. This is how one becomes a great communicator, someone who can arouse passion and enthusiasm in others.
Sales is the transfer of enthusiasm, based on the salesperson's belief in the "righteousness" of doing good, through supplying ethical offerings that really help the buyer and their business.
One of the biggest barriers to success in sales is client inertia. Clients keep doing what they have always done, in the same way, and get the same results. Our job is to shake up that equation and help them get a better result, through doing something new: buying our product or service.
We have to help them overcome their fears and persuade them to take action. In Japan there is a penalty for action if something fails, and less of a penalty associated with inaction, so the bias here is to do nothing.
Having a need and taking immediate action are not connected in the client's mind, until we connect them. We have to fully explain the opportunity cost of not making a decision, taking action, or responding to our proposal.
We achieve all of this by using well thought-out questions, which lead the buyer to draw the same conclusion that we have come to—that our offering is what they need and that they need it right now. This Socratic method of asking questions works because it helps clarify the buyer's own thinking.
Most salespeople don't ask enough questions, because they are too busy talking about features. We can arouse an eager want if we frame the questions well.
These principles are universal and timeless, and by adopting them we can become more effective in dealing with buyers.
Dr. Greg Story is president of Dale Carnegie Training Japan.
Well-designed questions . . . keep the discussion on track and allow the client to speak about themselves at length.


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Learn how to scale account based marketing (ABM) with a three-tiered approach. Get resources and tips on how you can improve your ABM results faster.Continue reading
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Tekken 6 arrived in my mail today. Did anyone get it yet?
I've been a Tekken fan since 3 but I have to admit Street fighter 4 has completely spoiled me.
The graphics look good but pales in comparison to SF4's impeccable visuals. It's actually quite hard to get excited over that side of Tekken. It comes down to the fighting and Tekken is all about blocking and juggling where SF4 is about opportunity attacks. Don't know for sure which is better. They're just different I suppose.
Still, Tekken is Tekken is Tekken and I do like Tekken.
I've only played Asuka so far (she's my main girl) and she seems to be quite the same, with a few minor tweaks. She still got her very exploitable combo from T5, which I like, but for some reason they failed to make her as cute as she was in 5 and that's a bummer.


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Carman 1955
Carman – I got the Joy
Carman – Sunday School Rock
Carman – Holding On
7 Ways 2 Praise
The Old Rugged Cross
My Jesus, I Love Thee
The image of Carman in "Hunger
For Holiness" does not show, but
the video will appear when you
click onto to the arrow.
Hunger For Holiness
Carman – I Feel Jesus
Carman – Serve The Lord
About Carman
Carman Posts Good News: 'I'm 100% Cancer Free with a Beautiful Godly Wife'
Popular Christian musician Carman Domenic Licciardello, known to fans simply as Carman, took to Facebook over the weekend to announce that he no longer has cancer and that he's now a married man.
Read more
Psalm 150 New American Standard Bible (NASB)
A Psalm of Praise.
1 Praise the Lord!
Praise God in His sanctuary;
Praise Him in His mighty expanse.
2 Praise Him for His mighty deeds;
Praise Him according to His excellent greatness.
3 Praise Him with trumpet sound;
Praise Him with harp and lyre.
4 Praise Him with timbrel and dancing;
Praise Him with stringed instruments and pipe.
5 Praise Him with loud cymbals;
Praise Him with resounding cymbals.
6 Let everything that has breath praise the Lord.
Praise the Lord!
John 3:16 New American Standard Bible (NASB)
16 "For God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish, but have eternal life.
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November 14, 2011
Barefoot by Nature??
28 comments:
Good luck! I hope the experiment works for ya!ReplyDelete
This is so cool....last night we (me and my sibs) decided to test out our "true" running gait on the tready and go barefoot it was so interesting to see how our feet hit the tread. I liked it a lot betterReplyDelete
I definitely believe there is something behind the science of barefoot running, but I think it is only healthy and beneficial when running on a soft ie grassy surface. We were developed to run without shoes, but not on pavement. Therefore running on pavement requires some kind of footwear. I'm excited to see your review of your new kicks, I have frees and vibrams, but I tend to stay on the safe side and run in my neutral shoes.ReplyDelete
It is all trial and error. You can read everything you want but it comes down to how does YOUR body respond. What works for you.ReplyDelete
I wear minimalist shoes to run and just ran 20 miles in the Brooks T7. I figured I would only wear this for a half-mary but then decided to see if I could go longer and I did and it felt good.
Keep figuring it out.
Hey, whatever works for YOU is the right thing to do! We are all different! Good luck :-)ReplyDelete
BTW, my husband is with Jim & won't even consider changing...he has has been wearing the same style of shoe for at least 17 or 18 years.
Personally, I'm considering drinking the Newton koolaid in the near future ;)
I absolutely love that you are willing to try new things to find what works for you. You are just great and I hope this works for you. When you get the shoes make sure you ease into them. Don't start doing high mileage in them because they will work different muscles and it will take your body time to adjust.ReplyDelete
No. Way! So awesome that you discovered a pain-free "alternative"! Wearing shoes is, obviously, best for not killing your feet on rocks and stuff, but hey... if your hips don't hurt, that's amazing!ReplyDelete
So with you on doing what will help with the pain. I have hamstring and buttock pain when I run in my Saucony Ride 3, but when I run in vff I dont have that pain. I'm working on getting back into my vff's. But I was having some ankle issues with the vff's not sure if it is my form or what. I was training for a marathon so couldnt chance having any issues with my ankle and not be able to run the marathon. Glad you are finding something that works for you. It hard to go out of our comfort zone and be different than what people think we should be like. Go MichaelReplyDelete
That's SO cool, Michael! I really do think that we each have to figure out what works best for our bodies... there just isn't a "one size fits all" solution for sports-related injuries. Don't give up! I'm sure you can figure out something that will enable you to compete injury-free. (and then you can share your "secret" with me! LOL!)ReplyDelete
I'm excited... I go see the dr tomorrow for my 2week post-op appointment and I am hopeful that he'll release me to start swimming again! I am SO ready to go again!
Love the new shoes. I've had my eye on that exact pair the day Brooks announced their pure project!ReplyDelete
Good luck!!! Definitely keep us posted!!ReplyDelete
Do you have the correct shoes to run in now?ReplyDelete
My own personal research, I competed in a barefoot sport the whole time growing up and into my teens. I can wear any shoe-running or casual-and be perfectly fine. Never have had any plantar or any other foot issue!
That's great that running barefoot was pain free! You were also smart and did short intervals. The first time I tried I did a whole 3 miles. My calf muscles were sore for days, but not my feet or my joints. I now run in Nike Free shoes. My husband runs in Vibram FiveFingers. I think running in minimalist shoes does help you to improve your running form.ReplyDelete
Here is a helpful resource: http://barefootrunninguniversity.com/
Also, this is a recent article by Christohper McDougall on running form. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/06/magazine/running-christopher-mcdougall.html?_r=3&pagewanted=1ReplyDelete
See!! I knew you would love it!! I miss it pretty bad. I've run a couple times in the Vibrams since the marathon and am loving it. I'm glad your hip pain went away!!ReplyDelete
I'm ready to buy a new pair of shoes so I'm gonna give those you just bought a try. I was thinking about going back to Mizuno's since those were the ones I use to wear before ITB set in.
Wow! That's pretty awesome that there wasn't any pain. Injuries such, especially hip and knee. My advice (because I'm such an expert at dealing with dang injuries ;) is to STRETCH like crazy. and of course, get some new shoes!ReplyDelete
OHH those are cute! I just recently went with the Saucony Kinvara's and love them..well the little I've actually gotten to run in them. I'm hoping that as I heal from my @$$ issue they will be the shoe for me.ReplyDelete
I hope this works out for you, those shoes look really nice!ReplyDelete
I agree with Jason this is a trial and error project..took 3 different shoes for me to find one that works
What you said is so true- we're all different and our needs are different. But when you're having injury issues it's good to ask around and see what worked for other people and give it a go. It's be interesting to see if there's much change in your gait when you go bare foot.ReplyDelete
Those shoes are cute!!...and I say go with what works for YOU.ReplyDelete
I used to do some barefoot running when we lived near the athletic fields at CU. I loved it too, but I never have seen it as something I'd do for long runs that might involve pavement. I do want some minimalist shoes, though.ReplyDelete
And I LOVE Born to Run. Some parts of it are just laugh out loud funny.
I love the shoes! I got a pair a month (or so) ago and love them. I added neon green laces though, I recommend it.ReplyDelete
Well, you know my thoughts on it--it's awesome! A few things to keep in mind: Keep the amount of BF to a really small amount for now. Spend time just walking around BF as much as possible to help strengthen your feet. It's much more about foot muscle strength than the toughness of the bottoms of your feet that you need. Also, do the BF portion first--this will help your body remember how to run properly when you put your shoes back on. Email me if you have any specific questions! Also check out the Natural Running Center web site for tons of info.ReplyDelete
"what works for you may not work for someone else" that is a huge fact!!ReplyDelete
So I recommend to you to try put the
minimalist stability shoe. It could fix your hip probs.
definitely love the shoes! good luck with your experiment! i hope you can find something that will work for your hip!ReplyDelete
Cool discovery. Maybe you should be a barefoot runner. You know what they say, "If the shoe fits...", er, doesn't fit, as the case may be.ReplyDelete
I wouldn't try barefoot running outside, but I think I would on a treadmill.
- AnonymousNovember 16, 2011 at 2:54 PM
I have always wanted to try running in minimalist shoes, but I always wuss out. I'm afraid it will hurt my feet for some reason (as in hurt while I run, not injure). I have weird hangups. I did love Born to Run, though and I found this post very interesting!ReplyDelete
I keep hearing more and more people convert to the barefoot running. I have not been completely won over yet, but I've had my share of aches and pains, so it's only a matter of time! :-)ReplyDelete


text: Good interview with Chloë Sevigny by The Daily Beast from last August in which Chloë talks about working with Whit Stillman, moving to Brooklyn, her upcoming style retrospective "Chloe Book", and her thoughts on her work in Kids and The Brown Bunny today. Full article on The Daily Beast or under the cut. Chloe Sevigny … Continue reading The Daily Beast: Chloe Sevigny on 'The Cosmopolitans,' New York's Frat Boy Takeover, and 'Asshole' Michael Alig


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Jul 12 2014
I had a 6 ¾ pound part of pork butt thawed to do for this week-end. For this one I wanted a little different than I usually do. I borrowed from two members of LTBBQ for it. I don't usually inject but Smoker Junky's injection from Steve Raichlen sounded good. I used 1 cup of organic apple cider vinegar, 1 ½ TBS ketchup, 1 TBS. coarse salt, 1 TBS Cholula hot sauce and 1 TBS. brown sugar. I injected it Thursday night, covered and in the fridge overnight.
For cooking it I would follow Old Hickory's method of taking it to 155 deg. IT on the smoker. Then double wrap in foil, place in a roaster with 1 inch of water and cover and finish it overnight in the oven at 200 deg. F. Like Old Hickory I don't do long cooks anymore on my smoker if I have to leave my smoker unattended for safety reasons. My smoker is on a covered wood deck close to the house. It sets on a fireproof mat and has good clearance from any wood but I want to keep a close eye on it while cooking.
Friday at noon I wet the butt some with red wine vinegar and put a good coat of rub on it and back in the fridge. My rub was a combination of Bone Suckin rub and Stubbs pork rub.
I got the butt on my Traeger on smoke mode 170 to 180 deg. for 2 hours. I had also added my 6 inch amazin tube and was using oak pellets. After 3 hours I went to 250 to 270 deg. grill level for the rest of the cook. The last hour it was up to about 290 deg. but that was fine for me. At 7:40 it was up to 156 deg. IT so I double wrapped in foil and in a covered roaster pan, with water added, in my oven at 200 deg. Total cook on the smoker was 5 hours 40 minutes.
I was up at 7:00 am and took the pork butt out of the oven at 7:40; it had been in just 12 hours. I let it sit for a half hour and then uncovered and let cool some more. It was very moist and fall apart tender. I used tongs to move it to a pan for pulling and it came out small pieces at a time. I went through it and removed bones and excess fat. I just did a rough pull and I don't think it needs any of the juice added back in. I saved all the liquid and in the fridge. I will skim off the fat tomorrow and freeze for future use.
It tasted great, I ate enough while pulling for my breakfast! I love the flavor of the injection and will use it again when I plan on using it all for sandwiches. I will also use the oven to finish any large butts I do in the future.
Injected and seasoned
Two hours of smoke
After four hours
All done
After overnight in the oven
Rough pull
Final pull


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Wednesday, March 14, 2012
The Daily Bread
Prince of peace, You are welcome here! Tread our concrete floors and fill our rooms from corner to corner.
I have been such an ingrate lately. There is no other way to say it. Someone commented to me on how close in age my children are ~ I will soon have six children and my oldest just recently turned nine. And, when I thought about it, I was even a bit stunned myself. But, usually I don't even think about it. I take God's sweet gifts as they come, when they come, and I don't count the years. But, lately I have been overwhelmed with school and home renovation and baby coming and noise and chaos. I have spent much of my days not counting gifts, but rather counting the reasons why my cup is too full, too much for me to handle.
But, then comes Perspective, and He meets me where I am. And, He reminds me that He gave the gifts in His perfect timing. He holds my world in His sweet hands. But, mostly He reminds me that for me and Him it is all about one thing...
Do I trust Him?
Do I trust that He loves me? That He has saved me? That He has my little world in His grip?
Yes, but there is more...
Do I trust that daily as I rise and am overwhelmed, that even then, He can take my offering of myself and make it enough?
Do I trust that He can handle today?
Do I trust that He can teach and train these little hearts and souls through me, today, this morning?
I worry, oh how I worry! The future how it intimidates and taunts me! How will the boys end up? Will they choose Him? Will they be wise, compassionate, smart, full of integrity and confidence?
Oh, how I try to take the whole of tomorrow into my grasp today. It is impossible, the weight of it crushes me. I cannot bear it.
But, I can open my palms to Him today and receive...
When I look up from my computer screen past my sweet steaming cup of peace, I see it. My daily reminder, hand stitched by my great grandmother...
He doesn't give me the future on a platter.
He doesn't quiet my anxious heart by assuring me that all will be well, that all my children will choose to live purely, wisely, and purposefully. He doesn't give me that reassurance...
Instead He asks me to...
The only assurance I have is that He is here with me today, and He will give me all I need for this day, this moment. And, because in His vast wisdom, He feels that this is all I need, then I can trust that it is more than enough. That this portion will sustain.
And, what if I don't get all of Joshua's literature read to him by Friday? And, what if the new math concept isn't clicking as fast as I think it should? And, I haven't had time to prepare for my Friday classes? And, the laundry room is overflowing? And, the floors are covered in crumbs, mud clods, and dead grass. And, what if the sink is full of dirty dishes, the dishwasher full of clean, and the to do list overwhelms....
I can trust.
And, if I truly trust, I will relinquish my desire to be the one in control, the one who says what must be accomplished each day. What if I truly trusted that He would allow me time enough, energy enough, strength enough to do all that I need to do today. And, what if I trusted that it was enough ~ even if we have to go to bed with dirty floors, an unkempt laundry room, and boxes left unchecked on my never ending list.
Trust leaves no room for perfectionism. Perfectionism's focus is on me, my abilities, my accomplishments. But, trust's focus is on the Him, the Giver of my Daily Bread, the One Who daily fills my cup. Has my cup ever ceased to overflow? Have I ever been left wanting? Has He ever left me empty? Haven't I always found Him to be far more than enough? to be more than faithful? more than worthy of my trust?
The daily bread is allotted, and it is the perfect portion for this day.
And, when the new baby comes, and I have to stop teaching to nurse, and when I am tired from being up all night with infant gift, when I rise and look out at pond with red-tinged water reflecting dawn of new day, when my strength is gone, and my eyes are blurry with tears, I can open my palms wide in acceptance. And, I can trust and know that my hands will be filled, some days to overflowing, some days to smaller portions, but always I can trust that He will allot the perfect portion for that day. And, that is all I know. It is all I need to know. It is more than enough.
Not the future on a platter served by clean, well-groomed hands.
The daily bread.
Handed down from blood stained, nail-scared hands...
to my eager, waiting, open palms.
6 comments:
- Sarah said...
Yes. YES! My heart is feeling fed by your words, even as my eyes brim over because I am tired and the laundry is high and the messes are everywhere and the math didn't get done today.
Trust is harder than perfectionism, but it tastes better in the end.
Loving you today, precious friend.
- Tricia said...
Thank you for this.
- kellyp said...
Thank you
- Cayce's crazy life said...
You bless me each time I read your blog. Your boys will be all you desire for them to be and more because of God's faithfulness and their parent's example. Days seem long, but the years are so short! Be blessed!
- Sunshine said...
Oh how I needed this, this morning. Trust in Adonai with all of your heart and lean not on your own understanding, He keeps driving this home - in small ways, in big ways, through blogs or books or His Word. I keep forgetting it or stuffing it down or ignoring it trying to figure it all out, but that is not what He asks of me. He asks to trust, your sweet heart is so precious and such a blessing. Thank you for writing this post. Sunshine
oh erin. God is teaching me the same thing. thank you for the words of wisdom!