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My previous essays argued that evangelicalism has failed to detect and reject the biblically inconsistent starting points of an unholy trinity of cultural ideologies: Marxism, multiculturalism, and genderism.[1] Despite this inconsistency, and as introduced in previous essays,[2] historically a number of Marxists have appealed to various biblical prooftexts in support of their systems, the most popular being a constellation of passages in Acts (Acts 2:42–47; 4:32–37; 5:4; 6:1), which describe the church's charity practices.[3] One previous essay argued that rather than the practice of sharing wealth or the "common purse"/"community of goods" (Prov 1:14; John 12:6), instead the charity practices in Acts better fit with the Jewish stewardship custom of almsgiving.[4] Another essay began debunking these Marxist biblical prooftexts by reducing the debate over this constellation of passages in Acts to five issues—whether these practices are: (1) prescriptive or descriptive, (2) permanent or temporary, (3) compulsory or voluntary, (4) communal sharing or stewardship, and (5) properly motivated.[5] The last essay dealt with the second point by explaining that the temporary duration views of the passages are not convincing.[6] This essay continues to discuss the second point by addressing the permanent duration view.
Permanent or Temporary: Proponents and opponents of Marxism have argued for both a temporary and permanent duration of the charity practices in the constellation of Acts passages to support their relative positions often using the same evidence and arguments to come to contradictory conclusions. The permutations of these arguments may be summarized as four positions: (1) Marxist-temporary, (2) anti-Marxist-temporary, (3) Marxist-permanent, and (4) anti-Marxist-permanent (see Table A1).
Table A1: Summary of Views on the Duration of Acts Charity Practices[7]
|Marxist Temporary
|Anti-Marxist Temporary
|Marxist Permanent
|Anti-Marxist Permanent
|Nature of the Charity Practices in Acts
|The charity practices in Acts are a form of wealth sharing such as the common purse or community of goods and are similar to or identical with some form of Marxism (i.e. communism, socialism, etc.).
|The charity practices in Acts are a form of wealth sharing such as the common purse or community of goods. Some find this practice to be similar to or identical with and others completely incompatible with some form of Marxism (i.e. communism, socialism, etc.) and others do not.
|The charity practices in Acts are a form of wealth sharing such as the common purse or community of goods and are similar to or identical with some form of Marxism (i.e. communism, socialism, etc.).
|The charity practices in Acts are not a form of wealth sharing such as the common purse or community of goods, but rather are similar to a form of stewardship or almsgiving which is completely incompatible with any form of Marxism (i.e. communism, socialism, etc.).
|Relationship between Acts and the Pauline Corpus
|Inconsistent: The charity practices in Acts are of a temporary duration and were superseded by Pauline stewardship-almsgiving.
|Inconsistent: The charity practices in Acts are of a temporary duration and were superseded by Pauline stewardship-almsgiving.
|Consistent: The charity practices in Acts are consistent with the customs in the Pauline epistles.
|Consistent: The charity practices in Acts are consistent with the customs in the Pauline epistles.
|Meaning of the Duration for Marxism
|Improper Implementation: The temporary duration shows these practices failed, but this failure was due to circumstantial and/or historical factors and not an inherent problem with the Marxist system, which is sound when properly implemented.
|Inherently Flawed: Some hold that the temporary duration shows these practices failed due to a problem with Marxism itself, which demonstrates the system is inherently flawed and utterly incompatible with Christianity.
Incompatible: Others hold that both the Acts sharing practice and Pauline stewardship custom are incompatible with Marxism.
|Universally Normative: The charity practices in Acts are of a permanent duration and their continuation in the Pauline churches demonstrates the universality and normativity of Marxism for Christianity.
|Incompatible: The charity practices in Acts are of a permanent duration and their continuation in the Pauline churches demonstrates the utter incompatibility of Marxism with Christianity.
|Barry J. Gordon
José Porfirio Miranda
Rolland E. Wolfe
|Inherently Flawed:
Geroge Arthur Buttrick (IB)
Jesse Lyman Hurlbut
Gerhard Krodel (ACNT)
Craig L. Blomberg
Darrel Bock (BECNT)
F. F. Bruce (NICNT)
Norman Geisler & Howe
Luke T. Johnson
I. H. Marshall (TNTC)
John R. Richardson
Trevor John Saxby
Stanley D. Toussaint (BKC)
|Clodovis Boff
Leonardo Boff
Ludwig Friedländer
Ajith Fernando (NIVAC)
Justo L. González
Gustavo Gutiérrez
Karl Kautsky
François Villegardelle
J. A. Zeisler
|John Calvin
Sanford H. Cobb
David G. Peterson (PNTC)
John B. Pohill (NAC)
Ronald J. Sider
Those arguing for a permanent duration of the charity practices in the constellation of Acts passages generally find a continuity within Acts itself and between Acts and the Pauline corpus. Further adherents of the permanent view typically assume the nature of the practices either as sharing or stewardship. Whereas proponents of the Marxist-permanent view find the charity practices in Acts to be the sharing or common purse/community of goods, which they identify with some form of Marxism, the anti-Marxist permanent view holds that the charity customs in Acts are stewardship practices (almsgiving) which cannot be identified with Marxism. However, both views argue for the permanence of those respective practices or for continuity within Acts itself and between Acts and the Pauline corpus on the basis of the same two evidences: (1) the consistent use of fellowship terminology and (2) the continuing presence of evidence relating to the deacon's function/office, charity practices, and language.[8]
With regard to the fellowship terminology, adherents of the permanent duration view of the charity practices in Acts claim that the cognate terms (related noun, adjective, and verb forms) for "fellowship" (koinonia; Acts 2:42)/"common" (Acts 2:44; 4:32) refer not only to spiritual unity, but also material goods (Heb 13:16).[9] Further, the repetition of these cognate terms from Acts in the Pauline epistles with regard to charity generally and specifically in contexts where these terms are synonymous with the "collection" for the Jerusalem church (Rom 15:26; 2 Cor 8:4; 2 Cor. 9:13; 1 Tim 6:18) indicates generally that the same charity practices are present so that the custom of the Jerusalem church was the universal, normative, and permanent practice of the whole church.[10]
Three evidences relating to deacons also demonstrate continuity within Acts itself and between Acts and the Pauline corpus: the deacon's function/office, charity practices, and language. First, although the term "deacon" (1 Tim 3:8, 12; Phil 1:1) does not appear in Acts 6, since the related terms ministration/service (Acts 6:1–2) appear, then as Toussaint aptly summarizes, scholars have variously thought that the seven men chosen to perform this ministration/service (Acts 6:3–6) may have been: (1) "the first deacons" (i.e., Irenaeus, Calvin, S. H. Cobb, J. B. Lightfoot), (2) "precursors to the office of elder … not a common interpretation" (i.e., T. Graebner, A. B. Ritschl, C. F. W. Walther), or (3) "chosen for a particular task … the roleand function of" which later developed into "the office of deacons"—probably the most common evangelical interpretation (i.e., Chrysostom, EBC, LBD, B. L. Merkle, NAC).[11] On the first and third interpretations, due to the parallels between the leading and teachings functions of the Twelve Apostles (Acts 6:2–4, 6 cp. Matt 10:2; Rev 21:14) and elders (1 Tim 3:1–7, 5:17) and between the practical task of caring for the poor of the Seven (Acts 6:1–3; 21:8) and deacons (1 Tim 3:8–13), some proponents of the permanent view see the charity practices of Acts as continuing through the function/office of deacon.[12] (These parallels are depicted in Table A2.) Second, since the practice in Jerusalem (Acts 6:7) of caring for widows through a "daily ministration" (Acts 6:1) was continued in Ephesus (1 Tim 1:3) by widows being "put on a list" (1 Tim 5:9) and since the care of widows (1 Tim 5:3–16) has been interpreted by the church as taking place by deacons under the leadership of elders (1 Tim 5:1, 17), then the charity practices in Acts seem to continue in the Pauline churches.[13] (see Table A2.)
Table A2: Comparison of Passages Suggesting a Continuous Charity Practice by Deacons
|Acts 6
|1 Tim 3
|1 Tim 5
|The Twelve Apostles/Elders
|The Twelve Apostles (Acts 6:2, 6 cp. Matt 10:2; Rev 21:14)
|Overseer/Elders (1 Tim 3:1 cp. 1 Pet 5:1–2)
|Elders (vs. 1, 17)
|The Twelve Apostles "managed" the church (vs. 2–3, 6)
|Manage (1 Tim 3:4–5)
|Manage (vs. 17)
|The Word of God (vs. 2)
Prayer and the ministry of the Word (vs. 4)
|Skillful in teaching (vs. 2)
|Laboring in the Word and teaching (vs. 17)
|The Seven/Deacons
|The Seven (Acts 6:3; 21:8)
|Deacons (1 Tim 3:8, 12)
|To serve tables (vs. 2)
|Let them serve (vs. 10)
The ones having served (vs. 13)
|So that the church may help the true widows (vs. 16)
|Widows ( Acts 6:1)
|Widows (vs. 3, 5–6, 9, 11, 14, 16)
|Daily ministration (Acts 6:1)
|Not fond of dishonest gain (vs. 8)
|Put on the list (vs. 9)
Third and similarly to the fellowship terminology, language associated with deacons and their relation to the charity practices in the constellation of Acts passages (Acts 6:1–2) reappears later in Acts (Acts 11:29; 12:25) and in the Pauline epistles in contexts relating specifically to the collection for the Jerusalem church (Rom 15:25, 31; 2 Cor 8:4; 8:19–20; 9:12–13) suggesting that similar customs are present.[14]
Johnson summarily dismisses the continuity view as an unsophisticated harmonization of "what is plainly inconsistent" in Scripture, but his position of "the diversity" or "the tension between community possessions and almsgiving" in various biblical passages may be construed as denying inerrancy—an untenable position for conservative evangelicals.[15] On the whole, the biblical evidence is best explained by understanding the church as having one continuous or permanent charity practice. Consequently, objections to Marxism based on its alleged temporary duration in Acts are not valid and attention may be focused instead on more effective arguments against Marxism and its false claims for a biblical basis in subsequent essays.
Therefore, the charity customs in Acts have only a superficial resemblance to Marxism. For example, as Calvin claims, "truly, sound exposition is needed in this passage because of fanatics, who counterfeit a community of goods."[16] Even before Marxism existed, Calvin denied that the passages teach the practices which contemporary Marxists claim to find in these Scriptures. Subsequent essays will deal with the remaining three of the five points of interpretation regarding these passages.
[2]https://epecarticles.com/2018/12/07/fundamental-shift-part-3-1-marxism-prooftexts-ron-m-rothenberg-ph-d/; https://epecarticles.com/2018/12/07/fundamental-shift-part-3-1-marxism-prooftexts-ron-m-rothenberg-ph-d/; https://epecarticles.com/2019/01/26/fundamental-shift-part-3-2-marxism-prooftexts-ron-m-rothenberg/.
[3]Justo L. González, Faith and Wealth: A History of Early Christian Ideas on the Origin, Significance, and Use of Money, Google Books ed. (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1990), 79–91; Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation, trans. Sister Caridad Inda and John Eagleson, Revised, Kindle ed. (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1988), 150, 172–73; José Porfirio Miranda, Communism in the Bible, trans. Robert R. Barr, Reprint ed. (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2004), 1–2. Marxist interpretation of Acts generally goes back at least to the socialist utopian and publicist François Villegardelle (1810-1856), who claims that such interpretation has roots, among other church fathers, Chrysostom. Villegardelle himself refers to an earlier scholar, M. Chaigne, for socialist interpretation of the fathers. Among others, a similar interpretation to Chrysostom isfound in Clement of Alexandria and Tertullian.The point of Villegardelle and others is notthat Marxism anachronistically existed in the NT and patristic eras prior to Marx, but rather that practices comparable to contemporary Marxism existed and that in the opinion of Villegardelle and others, the church fathers interpreted the Scriptures as teaching practices that are precursors to or consistent with contemporary Marxism. François Villegardelle, Histoire des idées sociales avant la Révolution française: ou Les socialistes modernes, devancés et dépassés par les anciens penseurs et philosophes, avec textes à l'appui (Paris: Guarin, 1846), 18–19, 61–64, 69.Cp. Chrysostom, Hom. 11 Acts. 4:23(PG 60:94); Clement of Alexandria, Paed. 12 (PG 8:541, 544); Tertullian, Apol. 39 (PL 1:472–73); Karl Kautsky, Die Vorläufer des neueren Sozialismus, vol. 1.1, Die Geschichte des Sozialismus in Einzeldarstellungen (Stuttgart: I. H. W. Dietz, 1895), 25–29; Ludwig Friedländer, Roman Life and Manners under the Early Empire, trans. John Henry Freese, vol. 3 (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1913, [orig. 3 vols., 1862–1871]), 205. Anti-Marxist interpretation of Acts has roots in Calvin, according to Finger possibly Luther, and going as far back as thechurch father, Lactantius. Calvin, Com. Acts2:44; 4:34; 6:1 Com. 2 Cor8:13; Inst. 4.1.3 (CR 30:747–48; 76:59–60, 96–97, 118; 78:100–01); Lactantius, Inst. 3.21 (PL 6:117–18); Luther, "Against the Robbing and Murdering Mobs of Peasants" 1525 (LW46:51); idem, "The German Mass and Order of Service" 1526 (LW53:63–64); idem, "Ordinance of a Common Chest" (LW45:172); idem, "Predigt am Mittwoch nach Pfingsten" 1538 (WA 46:428–32); Reta Halteman Finger, "Cultural Attitudes in Western Christianity toward the Community of Goods in Acts 2 and 4," MQR (Oct, 2004): 238–40. Finger's study is probably the best history of interpretation of Marxism in relation to the constellation of Acts passages.
[4]https://epecarticles.com/2019/03/27/fundamental-shift-part-3-3-the-question-of-marxist-prooftexts-ron-rothenberg-ph-d/; (m. Pe'a8:7 F-H; b. B. Bat.8B).
[5]https://epecarticles.com/2019/04/30/fundamental-shift-part-3-4-debunking-marxist-prooftexts-ronald-rothenberg-ph-d/; Norman L. Geisler and Thomas A. Howe, When Critics Ask: A Popular Handbook on Bible Difficulties (Wheaton: Victor Books, 1992), 429–30.
[7]In order to avoid a lengthy footnote which overlaps with other citations, readers may consult the other notes in this essay for the sources referenced in Table A1. However, two exceptions are liberation theologians and brothers, Clodovis and Leonardo Boff, whose views are inferred from their brief statements, which may be found in the following sources: Clodovis Boff, Feet-on-the-Ground Theology: A Brazilian Journey, trans. Phillip Berryman (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1987), 59, 85–86, 129, 154–55; Idem, Theology and Praxis: Epistemological Foundations, trans. Robert R. Barr (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1987), 203–04, note #44; Leonardo Boff, Faith on the Edge: Religion and Marginalized Existence, trans. Robert R. Barr (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1989), 15, 199; Leonardo Boff and Clodovis Boff, Salvation and Liberation: In Search of a Balance between Faith and Politics, trans. Robert R. Barr (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1984), 8.
[8]Sider seems to be an exception among anti-Marxist-permanence proponents, who generally identify Acts and Paul with stewardship-almsgiving rather than the sharing-common purse custom. Although Sider emphasizes his anti-Marxism preference for "market economies," belief that biblical practices should not be conflated with communism, and mentions "stewardship" throughout his book, he explicitly claims that Jesus used a "common purse," that "the early church continued the pattern of economic sharing practiced by Jesus," and that Paul "broadened" this practice so that Sider's "economic sharing" seems to be a common purse rather than stewardship-almsgiving. If one should interpret Sider as arguing for stewardship rather than sharing, then his view would be the norm for the anti-Marxist permanence view. Ronald J. Sider, Rich Christians in an Age of Hunger, xiii, 72, 74–75, 77, 83–84, 88, 131, 155.
[9]Justo L. González, Faith and Wealth: A History of Early Christian Ideas on the Origin, Significance, and Use of Money (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1990), 83; Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation, trans. Sister Caridad Inda and John Eagleson, Revised (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1988), 150; David G. Peterson, The Acts of the Apostles, PNTC (Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans, 2009), 160–61; John B. Polhill, Acts, NAC, vol. 26 (Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1995), 119.
[10]There is some variety of interpretation among proponents of the anti-Marxist-permanent view over the universal and normative nature of the Acts practices. Calvin, Com. Acts 2:44; 4:34; 6:1 Com. 2 Cor8:13; Inst 4.1.3 (CR 30:747–48; 76:59–60, 96–97, 118; 78:100–01); Sanford H. Cobb, "The Fellowship of Goods in the Apostolic Church," The Presbyterian and Reformed Review 8 (1897): 28–30; Ajith Fernando, Acts, NIVAC (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998), 182–84; González, Faith and Wealth, 84–86; Peterson, The Acts of the Apostles, 358–59; Polhill, Acts, 119–21; Sider, Rich Christians in an Age of Hunger, 89–91; Zeisler, Christian Asceticism, 93.
[11]Stanley D. Toussaint, "Acts," in The Bible Knowledge Commentary, ed. John F. Walvoord and Roy B. Zuck (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 2:367–68; Calvin, Com. Acts6:1 (CR 76:117); Chrysostom, Hom. 14 Acts. 5:34 (PG 60:116); Cobb, "Fellowship of Goods," 18, 26–27; Theodore Graebner, Handbook for Congregational Officers (St. Louis: Concordia, 1928), 13; Irenaeus, Adv. Haer.3.12.10 (PG 7.1:904); Thomas D. Lea and Hayne P. Griffin, 1, 2 Timothy, Titus, The New American Commentary, vol. 34 (Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 1992), 115; Joseph Barber Lightfoot, Saint Paul's Epistle to the Philippians, 8th ed., Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament (London: Macmillan, 1913), 187–89l; Richard N. Longenecker, Acts, ed. Tremper Longman, III and David E. Garland, Revised ed., EBC 10 (Zondervan Academic, 2007), Kindle ed., s.v. "Acts 6:5–6"; Benjamin L. Merkle, 40 Questions About Elders and Deacons, 40 Questions Series (Grand Rapids: Kregel, 2008), 227; Albrecht Benjamin Ritschl, Die Entstehung der altkatholischen Kirch, 2nd ed. (Bonn: Adolph Marcus, 1857), 355–56; Brian J. Tabb, LBD, ed. David Bomar John D. Barry, Derek R. Brown, Rachel Klippenstein, Douglas Mangum, Carrie Sinclair Wolcott, Lazarus Wentz, Elliot Ritzema, and Wendy Widder (Bellingham, WA: Lexham, 2016), s.v., "Deacon"; Carl Ferdinand Wilhelm Walther, Die rechte Gestalt einer vom Staate unabhängigen evangelisch-lutherischen Ortsgemeinde (St. Louis: Aug. Wiebusch und Sohn, 1863), 111–12. Cp. Albert Collver, "Lay Elders: A Brief Overview of Their Origin in the Missouri Synod Implications for Elders Today," CJ 32, no. 1 (Jan 2006): 38–53.
[12]Calvin Com. Acts 6:1 (CR 76:117–18); Cobb, "Fellowship of Goods," 27–28, Cp. Tabb, LBD, s.v., "Deacon."
[13]Justin,1 Apol. 67 (ANF 1:185–86); Arland J. Hultgren, "Pastoral Epistles," in The Encyclopedia of Christianity, ed. Erwin Fahlbusch et al. (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 2005), 78; William D. Mounce, Pastoral Epistles, WBC 46 (Dallas: Word, 2000), 301–02.
[14]BDAG, s.v. "διακονία"; "διακονέω."
[15]Emphasis added. Johnson, Sharing Possessions, Kindle ed., ch. 1. The words "diversity," "tension," and "discontinuity" are often a codeword in academia for liberal scholars who want to deny inerrancy, but are attempting to conceal their position. For an example of such obfuscation see: Richard B. Hays,The Moral Vision of the New Testament: Community Cross, New Creation; a Contemporary Introduction to New Testament Ethics (San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1996), 5, 13, 292, 310–11, 322, 336, 429. Further, Johnson finds all other proposals at harmonization to be inadequate including: (1) "a mix of traditions awkwardly joined (unlikely in a writer as careful as Luke) [i.e. F. W. Horn, L. Schottroff and W. Stegemann]"; (2) "the tensions point to different demands for different periods (destitution for the time of Jesus, community of goods for the time of the church) [i.e. V. Petracca, D. P. Seccombe]"; and (3) "different demands for different people in the church (the radical demands for ministers, almsgiving for the lay folk) [i.e. Aquinas, H. J. Degenhardt, K. J. Kim, H. J. Klauck]." Johnson, Sharing Possessions, Kindle ed., ch. 1 cp. Aquinas, STh., II-II q.188 a.7 s.c.; II-II q.188 a.7 resp.; III Q.40 A.3 resp.; II-II q.188 a.4 ad 4; Hans-Joachim Degenhardt, Lukas, Evangelist der Armen: Besitz und Besitzverzicht in den Lukanischen Schriften: eine traditions- und redaktionsgeschichtliche Untersuchung (Stuttgart: Katholisches Bibelwerk, 1965), 36–41; Friedrich Wilhelm Horn, Glaube und Handeln in der Theologie des Lukas, 2nd ed., GTA 26 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1983), 22–23; Kyoung-Jin Kim, Stewardship and Almsgiving in Luke's Theology, Jsntsup 155 (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic 1998), 100–10; Hans-Joseph Klauck, "Die Armut der Jünger in der Sicht des Lukas," in Gemeinde – Amt – Sakrament: Neutestamentliche Perspektiven (Wurzburg: Echter, 1989), 160–94; Vincenzo Petracca, Gott oder das Geld: die Besitzethik des Lukas, TANZ 39 (Tübingen: Francke, 2003), 326; David Peter Seccombe, Possessions and the Poor in Luke-Acts, SNTSU 6 (Linz, Austria: Albert Fuchs, 1982), 114, 132–33; Luise Schottroff and Wolfgang Stegemann, Jesus and the Hope of the Poor, trans. Matthew J. O'Connell (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2009), 67–69; Gerd Theissen, A Theory of Primitive Christian Religion (London: SCM, 2003), 95–99, 240–60. For summary overviews of these various positions see: Anthony Giambrone, Sacramental Charity, Creditor Christology, and the Economy of Salvation in Luke's Gospel, WUNT 439 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2017), 5–8; Christopher M. Hays, Luke's Wealth Ethics: A Study in Their Coherence and Character, vol. 275 (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2010), 1–23. Hays also places Johnson, as well as H. G. Gradl, into a fourth category, the personalist, which permits "a variety of praxes based upon individual life-stuations" that seems similar to a situational ethic. Hays, Luke's Wealth Ethics, 3, 17–19; Hans-Georg Gradl, Zwischen Arm und Reich: das lukanische Doppelwerk in leserorientierter und textpragmatischer Perspektive, FB 107 (Würzburg: Echter, 2005), 410, 430–31; "whole point of this book … sharing our possessions … is a mandate … but the shape of the mandate, I have also suggested, is as diverse." Emphasis added. Johnson, Sharing Possessions, Kindle ed., ch. 1. However, Johnson's objection does raise the important issue that if the charity practice in Jerusalem was temporary and was different from the custom in Pauline churches, then one must explain why the practices are different.
[16]Calvin, Com. Acts 2:44 (CR 76:59). Both Calvin and Luther labeled some of their opponents "fanatics" and particularly in Calvin's writings, the term is often synoynmous with but other times distinguished from Anabaptists.
When the term does not refer to Anabaptists, it may refer to enthuiasists (comparable to contemporary Charismatics who give authority to the Spirit apart from the Word), apocalyptic fanatics or radical reformers (theological and political extremists comparable to contemporary anarchists), or other groups whose views were considered extreme by the reformers. The point with regard to the "fanatics" in Calvin's comments regarding the community of goods (Comm. on Acts 2:44; 4:34; 2 Cor 8:13) is notthat Calvin was writing against Marxism, which did not yet exist, but rather that he was opposing the practices by groups of his day to which contempory Marxists appeal for support of their current practices—even before Marxism existed, Calvin denied that the passages teach the practices which contemporary Marxists claim to find in these Scriptures. Calvin,Comm. Acts, (76:59, 95–97); idem, Comm. 2 Cor.; 2 (CR 78:100–01); idem, Inst. 1.9.1–3; 4.20. (CR 30: 69–72; 1093–94;); Donald K. McKim, The Westminster Dictionary of Theological Terms, 2nd ed. (Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 2014), 282; Reid S. Trulson, "Review of Calvin and the Anabaptist Radicals by Willem Balke and Et William J. Heynen," Themelios 9, no. 2 (1984), 33–34; Ronald Wallace, Calvin's Doctrine of the Christian Life (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 1997), 138, 186.


text:
oregon has a law. a law that requires someone else to pump your gas for you.
i love this law.
there is nothing i hate worse than that germy gas nozzle and the smell that gets all over my hands.
so leave it to oregon to have a law that allows me to enjoy my overly scrubbed OCD hands.
and to top it all off, the gas attendants clean your car windshield in the meantime.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
I Unfortunantly paid for this workout at work. I had a sick pt and by the end of the day I hurt in places I have never hurt in before.
Tuesday I took it easy because I didn't want another repeat of Monday. 1 mi walk with my pup and 15 min prenatal yoga. Felt great then I went to work and had to do chest compressions. Spent the rest of the day having mild contractions. NOT COOL!
Wednesday I decided I needed a workout to feel sane after the stressful days at work but didn't want the side effects. I did half hour on the elliptical and upper body weights.
Now do you ever feel like you need a run so BAD!?! I did today. I took a page from Train Like a Mother and did 4min run x 2 min walk repeat x 5 with warm up and cool down.


text:
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text:
The LA-based artist will put out his fifth LP on Domino in October.
The new record, out next month on Domino, was written after Tom Krell relocated to LA. He describes The Anteroom as a "testament to a two year period in which I felt myself slipping out of the world and into a cosmic loneliness in which I would eventually be dissolved. In order to give myself a way back, I began to try to understand my station as some kind of anteroom—a space between—a chamber that separates the known and the unknown, stable life from total disintegration."
The record was co-produced by Oneohtrix Point Never-collaborator Joel Ford and moves away from his previous R&B-influenced style, looking back towards the underground raves and experimental influences that informed the project at its inception. Specifically, the new work was influenced by the likes of Coil, Prurient, Gas and Grouper, according to the press release. It also features a number of poets such as Li Young-Lee, whose stanza opens the first single from the full-length, "Nonkilling 6 | Hunger."
01. Humans Disguised as Animals | Nonkilling 1
02. Body Fat
03. False Skull 7
04. Nonkilling 3 | The Anteroom | False Skull 1
05. Vacant Boat
06. Nonkilling 13 | Ceiling for the Sky
07. A Memory, The Spinning of a Body | Nonkilling 2
08. Nonkilling 6 | Hunger
09. July 13 No Hope No Pain
10. Love Means Taking Action
11. Brutal | False Skull 5 feat. Ocean Vuong
12. False Skull 12
13. Nothing
Domino will release The Anteroom on October 19th, 2018.


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Another week and already much change. When I last wrote i was finishing up writing my essays for my Nutritional Medicine course. All really interesting but the style of essays I am having to write is SO technical and narrow that you kinda lose sight of the overall picture. I can tell you in detail what influences the diapedesis (moving through) of monocytes (a type of white blood cell) through the endothelial cells of a the vasculature (blood vessels - note the complex language of the scientific/medical community which helps to elevate practitioners above everyone else and obscure the facts). And, as part of the medical/scientific community I am taking part in that but I am also trying to distil that down so that I understand it too. What is evident to me is that it's relatively easy to write that stuff without really understanding it. That takes much more time. That's one of the reason's I decided to start a blog, so I could use this as a forum to dissemininate some of the information I'm gleaning as part of my studies.
For instance, I've just finished writing a piece on inflammation and heart disease. Did you know that inflammation is THE biggest cause of heart disease and that cholesterol is there to help and is not the villain it has been portrayed. Blood cholesterol is actually more like the ambulance that goes to the site of injury to repair the damage. What is causing injury to blood vessels is still open to debate but damaged (trans) fats and high releasing carbohydrates such as the ubiquitious fructose corn syrup are being mooted. That this does not sit well with the food and pharmaceutical industry is why you haven't heard it yet. It cuts into their profit margins too much.
Mm, so much to write, so little time. I would love to enlighten you on ways to cut your risk of cancer, detoxification from household chemicals, and many other things but time is against me. I now have a new role in a new company that a friend of mine has set up. I am their scientific research director and writing some of the content for the web-based holistic health intervention. Can't say too much as we're not launched yet but suffice to say it is taking up a chunk of my time. Current subject is Optimum Nutrition. Most of you will have heard of the term but perhaps don't understand it. I hope to enlighten you in future blogs. It's not about your 5-day though that would help. It's looking at food as medicine and maximising your intake of the good stuff - which may include supplements and superfoods. Something I wouldn't have believed necessary til I did the research. What I found out shocked me. I thought eating a 'healthy' diet would just mean eating a few more fruit and veg. Problem is they are full of chemicals and tragically devoid of nutrients unless organically grown. Maybe that explains why the few carrots I grew last year tasted totally unlike the ones I buy from the supermarket. Quality is everything. Food has become agribusiness, medicine the pharmaceutical industry. We are far, far from enjoying optimum health.
Take care and will update soon


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Depending on their role, a user has different modules to choose from. Depending on the module, it is possible either to administer parts of the system, to manage data in the inbox or to make evaluations.
Each user type is indicated by a special icon as follows:
|User type
|Client administrator
|LDAP user
|Normal user
Create new user
Click the "new" button to create a user.
The user name is part of the login name and can only contain letters and numbers. The login name is composed of the user name, the @ symbol and the client's name.
Choice of roles. See Rolle
Title, first name, last name, phone, description
Entering the relevant information
Information is sent to this email address.
Setting a password
Should this option be enabled, it is possible to manually assign a password. If not, the system automatically assigns the password upon creation of the user.
Change password
Activate this option to set a new password for the user and choose one of the following three possibilities:
- Generate passwort: A new password will be generated automatically and send to the user via mail. The mail will not be encrypted.
- Set password manually: You can set the password manually. Activate the option Send user credentials by email to send the new password to the user.
- Password set by the user: As a security measure, only a one-time only link will be sent to the user via mail that allows the user to change their password. The link expires after 24 hours.
Enforce password-change at next login
When enabled, the user will be required to change their password the next time they attempt to login.
Selection of groups. Multiple selections are permitted.
Importing LDAP users
Click on the new button and select the option "users from LDAP".
Here it is only possible to select an existing user. Click on the selection list icon.
Select the user's role. Refer to the help pages on roles.
Selection of user groups. Multiple selections are permitted.
Changing your own password
To change your own password, hover over the user icon to the top right of the screen and click on change password. The password must be 8 to 20 characters long.
Customize Email Templates
- under the point files & templates > Email the system-provided email templates can be customized
- the following applications email templates are available:
- User created
- Reset password
- within the templates, the following variables can be used to access user data:
- %FULL_NAME%: first name + last name
- %CLIENT%: client name
- %USER_NAME%: login name
- %PASSWORD%: password
- %URL%: Login-URL
- %URL_EXPIRATION%: URL validity period


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Universitätsbibliothek Basel
The Öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität Basel (UB) is an academic information centre for the university and for the region of Basel and, at the same time, the County Library for the canton Basel-Stadt. In its capacity as the central library for the university, its holdings cover all the disciplines studied at the UB and, as the county library, all publications pertaining to Basel. First mentioned in 1471, thus making it the oldest secular library in Switzerland, the university library holds extensive historical material encompassing manuscripts, early prints, music, maps and portraits. There is also a collection of estates of private papers, predominantly those of scholars, writers and composers, which has been particularly strongly developed since the nineteenth century. The UB Basel will present a selection of manuscripts and archive material from its historical collections on e-manuscripta.ch.
Homepage: www.ub.unibas.ch
|Please send voucher copy to:
|Universitätsbibliothek Basel
|Abteilung Handschriften und Alte Drucke
|Schönbeinstrasse 18-20
|CH-4056 Basel


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Computer Science > Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Title: Deep learning with noisy labels: exploring techniques and remedies in medical image analysis
(Submitted on 5 Dec 2019 (v1), last revised 20 Mar 2020 (this version, v4))
Abstract: Supervised training of deep learning models requires large labeled datasets. There is a growing interest in obtaining such datasets for medical image analysis applications. However, the impact of label noise has not received sufficient attention. Recent studies have shown that label noise can significantly impact the performance of deep learning models in many machine learning and computer vision applications. This is especially concerning for medical applications, where datasets are typically small, labeling requires domain expertise and suffers from high inter- and intra-observer variability, and erroneous predictions may influence decisions that directly impact human health. In this paper, we first review the state-of-the-art in handling label noise in deep learning. Then, we review studies that have dealt with label noise in deep learning for medical image analysis. Our review shows that recent progress on handling label noise in deep learning has gone largely unnoticed by the medical image analysis community. To help achieve a better understanding of the extent of the problem and its potential remedies, we conducted experiments with three medical imaging datasets with different types of label noise, where we investigated several existing strategies and developed new methods to combat the negative effect of label noise. Based on the results of these experiments and our review of the literature, we have made recommendations on methods that can be used to alleviate the effects of different types of label noise on deep models trained for medical image analysis. We hope that this article helps the medical image analysis researchers and developers in choosing and devising new techniques that effectively handle label noise in deep learning.
Submission historyFrom: Davood Karimi [view email]
[v1] Thu, 5 Dec 2019 22:58:55 GMT (575kb,D)
[v2] Wed, 1 Jan 2020 16:14:37 GMT (775kb,D)
[v3] Tue, 17 Mar 2020 04:18:09 GMT (826kb,D)
[v4] Fri, 20 Mar 2020 22:45:57 GMT (826kb,D)
Link back to: arXiv, form interface, contact.


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Muppets from Space (1999)
01:27:00 | Comedy, Family | IMDb rating: 6.1Keywords: Alien, Beach, Bear, Brain, Brain Surgery, Break In, Breakfast, Cement Mixer, Crushed By Door, Eagle, Escape, Fight, Fish, Flying Saucer, Friendship, Frog, Government Installation, Hollywood Sign, Invisibility Spray, Jacuzzi, Journalist, Kicked In The Crotch, Lab Rat, Loneliness, Mad Scientist, Maze, Outer Space, Pig, Rat, Reporter, Retina Scan, Roof, Rubber Duck, Sandwich, Security Guard, Sequel, Spacecraft, Spaceship, Stonehenge, Surrealism, The Muppets, UFO, X Rayed Skeleton.
After Gonzo receives messages from his breakfast cereal, he determines that he is an alien and tries to contact his alien brethren, but is captured by an overzealous secret government agency determined to prove the existence of extraterrestrial life. It's up to Kermit and the gang to rescue Gonzo and help reunite him with his long-lost family.
Director(s): Tim Hill,
Writer(s): Jerry Juhl, Joey Mazzarino, Ken Kaufman.
Producer(s): Stephanie Allain. Martin G. Baker. Kristine Belson. Timothy M. Bourne. Brian Henson. Alex Rockwell.
- Bruce Lanoil
- Kevin Clash
- Hulk Hogan
- Jerry Nelson
- Kathy Griffin
- Tim Parati
- Langley McArol
- Rob Schneider
- Ray Liotta
- Andie MacDowell
- F. Murray Abraham
- Drew Massey
- David Lenthall
- Richard Fullerton
- Pat Hingle
- Katie Holmes
- Dave Goelz
- Steve Whitmire
- Bill Barretta
- Brian Henson
- Frank Oz
- Jeffrey Tambor
- Josh Charles
- David Arquette
- Veronica Alicino
- Mark Joy
- Carl Espy
- Deron Barnett
- Chrissy Mullins
- Elaine Nalee
- Rickey Boyd
- Alice Dinnean
- Kristina Donnelly
- John Henson
- Adam Hunt
- John Kennedy
- Peter Linz
- Ed May
- Andrew Stone
- Kim Allen
- Evy Berman
- John Boone
- Dennis W. Britt
- Tyler Bunch
- Lisa Consolo
- Rowell Gormon
- BJ Guyer
- Greg Jarnigan
- Rob Killen
- James J. Kroupa
- Bob Lynch
- Pamela O'Conner
- Thom Stanley
- Lisa Sturz
- Mark Sutton
- Allan Trautman
- Jay Tyson
- Gregg Wallace
- Joe Cobb Jr.
- Courtney Driver
- Kermit the Frog
- Joshua Jackson
- Gary Owens
- Miss Piggy
Studio: Columbia Pictures, Jim Henson Company, The, Columbia Pictures.
Origin: USA
Budget: 24,000,000 $comments powered by Disqus


text: My wristbands have been a big game changer for me. Make sure the wristbands are not touching your gloves because the moisture will wick into them. And they sometimes don't hold enough sweat for an entire ride. I've stopped before to wring out the wristbands. But the terry cloth wristbands wring out easily.


text: Good evening, My BFI London Film Festival series of reviews (it opened with Breathe) continues with Battle of the Sexes - another potential awards contender for the year! IMDb summary: The true story of the 1973 tennis match between World number one Billie Jean King and ex-champ and serial hustler Bobby Riggs. As a side note, before … Continue reading Movie review: Battle of the Sexes


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A breakdown of the Chicago Bears' 2018 draft class and its progress after three weeks of training camp:
Roquan Smith, LB, first round: After a monthlong holdout, Smith is finally in camp and expected to make his pro debut on Saturday against the Kansas City Chiefs. He hasn't been able to show much yet after just a handful of practices, but the Bears remain optimistic he will be a linchpin for their defense for years to come.
James Daniels, OL, second round: Daniels has a chance to be an impact player for a Bears offensive line that is trying to find more consistency. The question is whether he will get a chance to start right away. Saturday's game will allow Daniels to put some more work on tape for the coaches to see.
Anthony Miller, WR, second round: Miller's name has repeatedly popped up throughout training camp as someone who has opened eyes. If he continues to develop a nice rhythm with second-year quarterback Mitchell Trubisky, he will become a much-needed weapon in coach Matt Nagy's offense even earlier than expected.
Joel Iyiegbuniwe, LB, fourth round: An early shoulder injury set him back at the start of training camp -- up to this point he hasn't been able to show much in the preseason.
Bilal Nichols, DT, fifth round: Nichols' size and versatility set him apart and have given him a chance to earn some time once the real games begin. He had a sack in Saturday's preseason win over the Denver Broncos and figures to get even more snaps against the Chiefs this week.
Kylie Fitts, DE, sixth round: Fitts has shown some flashes in the preseason and will provide depth in coordinator Vic Fangio's system. He has the athletic ability to bounce all over the field. He just has to prove he can stay healthy after an injury-filled career at Utah.
Javon Wims, WR, seventh round: Wims had a couple of receptions in Saturday's win and must have a strong showing in the final two preseason contests to nail down a spot on the 53-man roster.


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Aurora Invercargill, New Zealand 17/8/17
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We accept Delta Dental Smiles and MCNA!January 24, 2018Categories: Announcements News
We accept Delta Dental and MCNA Dental
As of January 2018, the Arkansas Medicaid Dental Program will be changing. If you have ARKids or Arkansas Medicaid for dental insurance, you will be assigned to one of two new dental insurance providers – MCNA Dental for families, as well as we Delta Dental Smiles for adults and Delta Dental Smiles for Kids for kids.
We accept both plans and are happy to serve your dental needs, so schedule your appointment now!


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Orchestral Editor's Choice, December 2013
Those of you who still haven't cottoned onto the idea that Widor wrote a hell of a lot of brilliant organ music, most of it far superior to that Toccata, really need to hear this third volume in UK-born Perth-based organist Joseph Nolan's recordings of Widor's ten organ symphonies, part of his traversal of the composer's complete works for organ.
Like the previous two highly acclaimed volumes, this one's been recorded on the magnificent Cavaillé-Coll organ of La Madeleine, Paris. Cavaillé-Coll was a friend of Widor's and the composer's music is inextricably linked to his instruments, which Widor played throughout his career.
The four organ symphonies which comprise Opus 13 were first published in 1872 and later dedicated to Cavaillé-Coll. Taken together, the Symphony No 3 in E Minor and the Symphony No 4 in F Minor form a contrasting diptych, the more overt romanticism of the first contrasting with the neo-Baroque qualities of the second. Both however are equally imbued with delicacy and drama – qualities that are brought to the fore by Nolan with such nuance and insight that you feel you learn more about Widor by listening to these performances than reading any number of biographies of the composer.
The Third Symphony opens with a grand Prélude whose descending chromatic figures unwrap an ominous sculptural edifice which opens out to the sunshine of a delicate Minuetto before a thunderous triumphal Marcia is itself overcome, like Mars by Venus, by an exquisitely diffuse Adagio. A toccata-like Finale brings proceedings to a close in skeins of swirling arpeggios.
The Fourth Symphony opens in equally grand fashion with a French-overture style Toccata, propelled forward by dotted rhythms and roulades, leading to a sensitively-lit four-part fugue the complexity of which contrasts sharply with an Andante cantabile of disarming sweetness and simplicity. Birds hopping amid fretwork and arabesques characterise the following Scherzo, which has its own faux-naïve pendant in the form of a placid Adagio. The symphony ends as grandly as it began with a massive, orchestrally-conceived Finale.
Nolan again proves himself to be every bit as adept at orchestration as Widor, his choice of stops and registrations evincing a palette designed to both clarify and delight. The same could be said of his phrasing and articulation, as tasteful in the conception as they are perfect in the execution. With some of the finest Widor playing on disc, this is a hugely pleasurable release and I look forward to the next volume with much anticipation.


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Choosing a course is one of the most important decisions you'll ever make! View our courses and see what our students and lecturers have to say about the courses you are interested in at the links below.
University Life
University Life
Each year more than 4,000 choose NUI Galway as their University of choice. Find out what life at NUI Galway is all about here.
About NUI Galway
About NUI Galway
Since 1845, NUI Galway has been sharing the highest quality teaching and research with Ireland and the world. Find out what makes our University so special – from our distinguished history to the latest news and campus developments.
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Colleges & Schools
NUI Galway has earned international recognition as a research-led university with a commitment to top quality teaching across a range of key areas of expertise.
Research & Innovation
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NUI Galway's vibrant research community take on some of the most pressing challenges of our times.
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Guiding Breakthrough Research at NUI Galway
We explore and facilitate commercial opportunities for the research community at NUI Galway, as well as facilitating industry partnership.
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There are over 90,000 NUI Galway graduates Worldwide, connect with us and tap into the online community.
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At NUI Galway, we believe that the best learning takes place when you apply what you learn in a real world context. That's why many of our courses include work placements or community projects.
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The Student Assistance Fund is funded by the Department of Education and Skills and the European Social Fund as part of the ESF Programme for Employability, Inclusion and Learning 2014-2020.
Financial Aid Fund
The Student Assistance Fund is intended to tackle disadvantage by providing financial support to students who require financial support to enable them to fully benefit from their third level studies. The Financial Aid Fund comprises the Student Assistance Fund and an additional contribution from the University.
NUI Galway expects its students to have budgeted appropriately and sufficiently before starting studies in NUI Galway. Please see the average cost of living in galway to understand the costs associated with coming to University. However, we recognise that financial problems can arise for several reasons. To allow for this, we offer opportunities for students to apply for financial assistance.
All students considering applying to the Financial Aid Fund should read the FAQs to find out who is eligible to apply, how to apply andother important information about the application process. Application to the Financial Aid Fund is open to all registered students, who have paid their student levy and are on courses of not less than one year in duration. Funding is not available for students to assist with the costs of tuition fees, registration fees, the student levy (€224) or student loans. The schemes below are funded by the Irish Government and part-funded by the European Social Fund Programme for Employability, Inclusion & Learning 2014-2020.
Who is eligible to apply?
Any student who is currently registered to a full-time or part-time programme of at least one year's duration and which leads either to an undergraduate or postgraduate qualification.
Non-EU Students are eligible to apply to the Covid-19 Hardship Emergency Fund, see below for further details.
Who is not eligible to apply?
Students who have non-EU status and incoming ERASMUS are ineligible for the Student Support Fund. Students who have completed a degree/Masters/PhD and are undertaking a second qualification at the same level are ineligible to apply. Students from Graduate Entry programmes, however, will be considered. Students who have not paid the €224 student levy will not be eligble to apply. Guidelines on which Financial Aid Fund is most applicable to me.pdf
Summary of funds:
HEAR/ACCESS Fund (not means tested) - this fund is closed for the academic year 2019/20
Application is open to all HEAR and Access full time undergraduate students registered students on higher education courses of not less than one year in duration. This fund is not means tested. There is no documentation required other than the online application. This fund will close on Friday, 31st January at 4.00 p.m.
MEANS TESTED FUND - this fund is closed for the academic year 2019/20
It is important to note that eligibility for support from the Means Tested Fund is based on a defined and appropriately documented income figure. The annual income limit for eligibility for the fund is €24,000. Please also note that this fund has a limited budget and will operate on a first come first served basis, therefore once the funds have been exhausted the fund will close for the academic year. Therefore early application is recommended. Applications to the Means Tested fund will close at 4.00 p.m. on Friday, 14th February.
Documents required - confirmation of household income is required by way of SUSI letter (page uploaded must show ASSESSED RECKONABLE INCOME) , P21 (if parents employed), Confirmation of Social Welfare, or copy of business accounts for year ended 2018 and accountants confirmation of adjusted profit computation. To ensure you have the correct documentation and to find out what you need and where to find it, please check our FAQ page under documentation required.
HARDSHIP EMERGENCY FUND: This fund is closed for the academic year 2019/20. However, if you are a repeat student and experiencing financial difficulty please email firstname.lastname@example.com
The purpose of this discretionary fund is to offer financial assistance to students who encounter acute and significant unexpected difficulties during their time of study in NUI Galway. Illnesses, bereavement and sudden unemployment are some of the issues which may make you eligible for the Hardship Emergency Fund. Ongoing low income does not, in and of itself, qualify you for the Hardship Emergency Fund.
Applicants must complete the online application form and complete and upload a budget worksheet. Applicants will be invited to meet with Dave Barry or Una McDermott in the Accommodation & Welfare Office to discuss the change in circumstances. The contents of your application will be treated confidentially.
Documentation for the Hardship Emergency Fund should relate to the current academic year.
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The PME/MGO Fund is only available to students who are studying the Professional Masters in Education / Mhaistir Gairmiul San Oideachas.
This PME Fund will remain open until Friday 31st January, 2020. Payments will be processed by the end of February at the latest.
Applications are available here. Select the link to 'Financial Aid Fund 2019-20: PME + MGO students'.
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Under GDPR your personal data collected as part of the application process may be processed for the purposes of coordinating, monitoring and evaluating the operation of the Fund and to comply with European Union requirements. This personal data may include personally sensitive data where you choose to share that data and your data may be shared with third parties for monitoring and reporting on European Social Fund co-financed activities.


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By Dr. Alan J. Bauman
What do Super Bowl winners Hines Ward and Troy Polamalu, World Series winner Alex Rodriguez, tennis champion Rafael Nadal, basketball's Kobe Bryant, Tiger Woods, Angelina Jolie and Kim Kardashian all have in common?
Well, the answer is that they have all reportedly used their own blood as a cutting-edge non-surgical regenerative medical treatment. Studied in over 6500 published scientific papers, the use of concentrated blood platelets also known as "Platelet Rich Plasma" or PRP has been used as a wound healing treatment for decades in the fields of dentistry, orthopedics and plastic surgery. PRP has recently gained increased attention as a safe, alternative, drug-free treatment attracting professional athletes looking to accelerate their recovery from injuries and high-profile celebrities looking to maintain a youthful facial appearance without surgery. PRP, often referred to as the "Vampire" cell therapy treatment, has also piqued the interest of hair loss patients who have taken note of the recent reports of PRP's hair regrowth potential—as seen on the Emmy Award winning show "The Doctors," ABC Palm Beach/Miami, NBC Palm Beach, etc. But how might this new Vampire therapy 'breathe new life' into failing follicles?
Why Use Platelets for Hair Growth?
Platelets are tiny cells that are critical to healing and are the body's primary source of natural bioactive growth factors for wound healing and tissue regeneration. Platelets contain many powerful proteins, cytokines and growth factors, such as:
• Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF)
• Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PGDF)
• Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β)
• Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)
• Insulin Growth Factor (IGF)
• Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)
Published studies suggest that these blood-derived growth factors can play an important role in regulating hair follicle function and support their use to safely treat common female and male hair loss and Alopecia Areata. The basic premise is that when these growth factors are highly concentrated in PRP and reinjected, they send cellular signals to reverse miniaturization of hair follicles, helping them produce hairs which are thicker, longer and stronger—providing a thicker, fuller head of hair, more coverage and less shedding. Some of the scientific reports and our own experience with PRP at Bauman Medical Group have shown dramatic reversal of areas of balding scalp.
How is a PRP treatment performed?
A PRP hair growth treatment is a quick non-invasive, non-surgical outpatient procedure that takes less than one hour in the doctor's office. A small blood sample is obtained from the patient at the time of treatment and spun in a special high-speed centrifuge that separates the platelets from the different components of the blood, thereby creating the platelet concentrate or PRP. After preparing the scalp, the PRP is painlessly injected in the area of the scalp where there is weak hair growth. In order to trigger release of growth factors from the platelets, a mechanical MicroPen™ microneedling device is used to create microtrauma in the area where PRP was applied.
What are the risks of PRP treatment?
Results can vary because every patient is unique. Patients who have undergone PRP hair growth treatments can go to dinner that evening if desired, and may shower and shampoo their hair normally following the procedure and there are no activity restrictions.
Since the treatment is autologous—made from your own body—the therapy is associated with virtually no risk of allergy, rejection, infection or disease transmission. Over time, repeat treatments may be needed to achieve and/or maintain the desired result.
Are all PRP treatments the same?
Unfortunately not, many physicians use different protocols to create and apply PRP. At Bauman Medical Group, we use the highly sophisticated YesPRP™ system to prepare PRP and often choose to enhance and prolong the effects of the treatment with advanced extracellular matrix products like ACell or BioD Restore. PRP has been routinely used in our practice since 2011 and all of our medical staff have been trained and certified by Cytomedix to prepare PRP.
How do I know if my PRP hair growth treatment is working?
Before treatment, the area of concern should be microscopically evaluated, photographed as well as measured using the scientific HairCheck device. Although results vary, some improvement in hair growth should be measureable within 90 days and continue to improve with visual results at six months. Since everyone responds differently, routine follow-up and measurements are essential to determine when PRP should be repeated or other treatments considered.
Can PRP be combined with other hair regrowth therapies?
Absolutely, a multi-therapy approach may be needed depending on the severity of the hair loss condition. PRP may be used as an adjunct to FDA-approved medications or other therapies like LaserCap low level laser therapy, compounded Formula 82M minoxidil, nutritional supplementation and hair transplantation.
Is PRP right for me?
If you are suffering from increased hair shedding, decreasing volume, weakening hair quality or coverage of the scalp, you may be candidate for PRP hair growth treatment. Because the effectiveness of PRP depends significantly on the amount of hair follicles that remain, early treatment is strongly encouraged. A detailed and comprehensive medical hair loss evaluation by a full-time ABHRS board-certified Hair Restoration Physician is recommended. Ask your Hair Restoration Physician if you are a good candidate for PRP and which FDA-approved medications or other treatments like low level laser therapy, nutritional supplementation and hair transplantation might be needed to achieve your hair restoration goals. To find out if you are a candidate for PRP hair regrowth treatment contact hair loss expert Dr. Alan J. Bauman, M.D. at email@example.com or call
561-394-0024 for a confidential consultation.
Dr. Alan J. Bauman is the Founder and Medical Director of Bauman Medical Group in Boca Raton, Florida. Since 1997, he has treated nearly 15,000 hair loss patients and performed nearly 7,000 hair transplant procedures. A international lecturer and frequent faculty member of major medical conferences, Dr. Bauman's work has been featured in prestigious media outlets such as The Doctors Show,
CNN, NBC Today, ABC Good Morning America, CBS Early Show, Men's Health, The New York Times, Women's Health, The Wall Street Journal, Newsweek, Dateline NBC, FOX News, MSNBC, Vogue, Allure, Harpers Bazaar and more. A minimally-invasive hair transplant pioneer, in 2008 Dr. Bauman became the first ABHRS-certified Hair Restoration Physician to routinely use NeoGraft FUE for hair transplant procedures.
Hair Loss Study Candidates Needed!
Bauman Medical is currently enrolling qualified candidates for an exciting
Hair Loss Study.
Please visit www.844GETHAIR.COM for more details.
Hair Loss? Your own blood may hold the key to regrowth! New 'Vampire' PRP Treatment May Rejuvenate Dying Follicles
By Dr. Alan J. Bauman


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Dear Team
Latest Race News:
Another action-packed weekend with various team members heading off to races across Western Australia, the UK and even South Africa! First up was the Karri Valley Triathlon in beautiful Pemberton. Despite many of the team choosing to stay back in Perth and knock-out another Freeway Ride (yeah, yeah, you love it really!), we had 5 members mixing it up on the hilly and testing course. Mike Gee was back to good form and finished 4th overall and actually broke the bike course record by 2 seconds (shame that the top-3 guys all broke it too and were faster than Mike! Hey ho!). Rob Buckle was back after the Rottnest Channel Swim to finish a top-notch 1st in the 25-29 AG and 20th overall. Mrs Buckle (to be), Helen Cuthbert, completed her longest and toughest ever race to finish a very commendable 4th place in the ladies 25 to 29 AG. Helen was just beaten to the line by Lindy Brand who made up some big ground on the bike and run after her epic trip up Mt Buller a couple of weeks back to place 7th in the 35 to 39 AG. Last but by no means least, Sally O'Dea put up with tough conditions in the swim after being seriously knocked around and having to go back ashore to recompose and then a nasty bee-sting on the bike to finish the race in 11th place in the 25 to 29 AG - here's to battling adversity Sally!
Whilst many were partaking in the Freeway Ride on Sunday (60km and about 4000 riders!), over in the UK, Georgia Wood was smashing her personal best half marathon time to knock out a truly breath-taking 1:22.29 which equates to 3:55 per km. What makes this result especially good was that the conditions at the Bath Half Marathon were attrocious and the race had to be put back 1hour due to some flooding and mud which Georgia describes as a little like "the Glastonbury Music Festival". Georgia finished 16th lady overall - a great result!
And over the Indian Ocean in South Africa, Ian Murray was testing out his new Felt DA Time Trial machine which we'll all see and drool over when he's back next week. Ian finished 9th overall (out of +300) in the sprint distance triathlon and 4th place veteran in a superb time of 68 minutes. Ian's final 5km was completed in an amazing 18:25 too! Well done that man!
This week's Training:
Monday - pm - after a long and tough run session this morning, we'll be spinning for 60 mins steady in the Sweat Shack this evening to loosen the legs off followed by a bit of stretching - something to look forward to - not a killer session!
Tuesday - am - remember core stability at 5.30am, swim at 6 to 7am at CCGS. Time-4-Me swim is on at 9am at Challenge Stadium, check the board for pool allocation as this changed somewhat last week.
Wednesday - am - 5.50am leave from Bouchard Cafe on Mount Street. Back ~ 7.40am.
Thursday - am - As per Tuesday morning. Time-4-Me is on at 10.30 to 11.30am this week!
Thursday - pm - A Favorite for most - the 6,5,4,3,2,1 Fartlek session - a nice one in that you can choose how hard to push it if feeling a little tired at the end of this 3 week build phase.
Good Friday - REST DAY (Good Friday - enjoy some Fish & Chips! A British Classic).
Easter Saturday - as per previous emails, there will be no structured session today owing to the Public Holiday and also because we're "1-up" on our hard Saturday sessions. As such, my advice would be to take this weekend completely off and enjoy yourself! You've been working hard and consistently over the last 9 weeks and a bit of a break at this point will be well placed. Besides the physical benefit of having some rest, the rest will also help you with any motivation issues which may be waning at this point in time (quite common - I call it the "Doldrums") - so go and enjoy yourself and the coach says its ok to have a drink or too as well! :-)
Easter Sunday - REST DAY
Easter Monday - no official run or bike session. This starts our Recovery Week (something to look forward to) so just take a steady 30mins jog whenever suits your social / family commitments and a 1hr spin on the bike and we'll resume as normal on Tuesday!
Paul Newsome
Swim Smooth & Kirby Swim
+ 61 (0) 431 540 980
Follow the Blog at http://swimsmooth.blogspot.com/
Swim Smooth & Kirby Swim
+ 61 (0) 431 540 980
Follow the Blog at http://swimsmooth.blogspot.com/


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3 Ways to Initiate Your First Conversation With A Mentor
How do I start my first communication with my mentor? What do I talk about? Should I conduct prior research? To what degree? Here are tips on how to make the most out of your initial conversations with your mentor.
1. Be Prepared
Get to know your mentor before your first call. Linkedin is a great first step to learning about your mentor's previous career experiences and interests. Use your research as a springboard to brainstorm questions that align with your career goals. If your mentor doesn't have a bio or Linkedin, do some background research on potential industries or careers that peak your interest. Doing preliminary research will not only impress your mentor, but also set a positive and enthusiastic tone from the get go.
2. Set Expectations
Express your expectations on what you hope to gain out of the relationship and how often you want to communicate with your mentor. Depending on the field, some mentors have a more time-consuming schedule than others. Setting expectations early will save you time and avoid dissapointment in the long term. Remember, relationships grow and change, and so do expectations, so don't be thrown off if your original communication methods or plans change.
3. Share Your Experiences
Avoid bombarding your mentor with questions during your first meeting. Your mentor wants to get to know you as much as you want to get to know them. Take time to get to know each other and don't be afraid to share your hobbies outside of your career interests.A helpful way to get started is by creating an elevator pitch to provide your mentor with an overview of your background. From there, you can get more personal through informational conversation. Mentoring is a time for you to question, problem-solve, and explore with a trusted advisor.


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When former President Obama created Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program did he or his bastion of liberal pundits and mainstream media care about the harm to black Americans? Of course not, and not even civil rights leaders like Jesse Jackson or race-baiter Al Sharpton raise a finger in protest. But according to Peter Kirsanow, a member of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, they should have and this is why.
Kirsanow sent Sen. James Lankford (R-OK), who is a current DACA amnesty supporter, a letter detailing how a DACA amnesty plan will be "disproportionately" harming working-class black Americans," according to Breitbart. He said that without a border wall, end to chain migration and other security protections, the agreement will increase the real harm working-class and poor black American are suffering.
For many black Americans in cities, counties and states around the nation, upward mobility, decent jobs and higher educational attainment are severely challenged. Breitbart reported that Kirsanow agrees with this premise. He indicated that, amnesty for illegal aliens would continue to increase the burden that both illegal and legal immigration currently has on African-Americans. He emphasized that liberals only focus on increasing the entry of more and more DACA eligible illegals, because they are potential future Democrat votes.
But what about the real negative impact which this and other liberal policies which administrations like Obama have used to weaken protection of the border? Kirsanow emphasized, "Such grant of legal status, without serious, robust immigration enforcement" will likely make it more difficult for working-class and poor black Americans to obtain employment and "depressing their wages when they do obtain employment."
Trending: WATCH: HuffPo Reporter Asks President Trump If He 'Regrets The Lying' To The American People For The Past 3 1/2 Years
Unlike the so-called "Dreamers", black American children, their parents and families are Americans. Yet, the aspirations of these illegal immigrants have been used by the mainstream media and anti-border enforcement leaders to jettison the futures of black American children back to the back of the bus. Famed civil rights leader Rosa Parks would be alarmed and possibly horrified.
In Chicago tens of thousands of young black children's lives have been decimated due to black on black violence and death has become an all to welcome occurrence. Meanwhile those young DACA illegals are given more headlines and support because liberals there and across the nation want them to be their new "reliable plantation voter block."
The harsh reality is clear. Despite the race-baiting claims of the group "Black Lives Matter", in this nation liberals like House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) and Senate Minority Leader Charles E. Schumer (D-N.Y.) never utter a single word of concern for how numerous studies and congressional numerous hearings demonstrate the alarmingly negative impact of illegal immigration on unskilled and low-skilled American workers. Do they care, of course not?
When these two condemn so-called "fat cats" that are against Americans, they really are talking about themselves. They are the millionaires who live off of and profit from their own swamp, filled with millionaire supporters in the entertainment industry and billionaire internet tycoons. They are the ones who drape themselves in the veil of "Resist" efforts to build a wall to protect the southern border. These are the same culprits who created the doctored liberal lies which protect illegals who stripped away jobs, educational opportunities and livelihoods from the black community without a single moment of concern for the harm it continues to inflict.
While the DACA legislation is being debated in Congress, real civil rights leaders who are deeply concerned about the future of black American children and all unskilled, low-income American families should look at the 2008 Civil Rights Commission Report testimony findings. The testimony offered at the briefing revealed that illegal immigration disproportionately affects the wages and employment opportunities of African-American men.
The time to remain silent to the deadly impact of illegal immigration and any DACA Amnesty compromise without robust immigration enforcement is over. Black American citizens who felt that for a century and a half they have been treated as second-class citizens are in danger of becoming third-class or even worse: invisible. Continued silence is not an option. Silence is Betrayal!
Image: Excerpted from: Senate Democrats – SCHUMER MEETS WITH JUDGE GARLAND, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=47715055


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Becoming Trauma Informed in Education
School districts all across the valley are working to incorporate a trauma-informed perspective in their practices to enhance the educational experience for children. This includes making evidence-informed practices a part of staff training; offering resources on trauma to staff, survivors, and their families; and assuring that there is a continuity of care across all educational systems. This training reviews how traumatic stress impacts children's and adolescents' daily functioning and how modifying educational practices help empower students to self-identify triggers and work to manage their behavior.
Click here for more information and to register!
Location / Venue
United Way of the Mid-Willamette Valley
455 Bliler Avenue NE
Salem , OR 97301


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Group 4 extended Essays An Introduction A Group 4 Extended Essay can be successful As Percentages Group Number A B C D E 3 8.87 22.83 40.68 25.40 2.20 4 9.57 22.77 41.83 23.38 2.14 What makes a Good Science Extended essay? • A good research question which allows you to design and carry out an experiment. • An experiment which generates enough data for meaningful statistical analysis Animal Experimentation Guide •Designing any experiment that inflicts harm(including stress) or pain on any animal is PROHIBITED •Designing any experiment that involves an exchange of bodily fluids (that includes saliva) is PROHIBITED •Any experiment involving humans must be with their written permission •Any Experiment involving microorganisms must avoid incubation at or near human body temperature Structure of the Essay Title page Abstract Contents page Introduction Investigation/body (development/methods/results) Conclusion References and bibliography Appendices (Raw data should be here) Length of the Essay • The essay should not exceed 4000 words. • The word limit does not include: • the abstract • acknowledgments • the contents page • maps, charts, diagrams, annotated illustrations and tables • equations, formulas and calculations • citations/references (whether parenthetical or numbered) • footnotes or endnotes • the bibliography • appendices Science Specific Overview • There are separate sections for Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Environmental Systems, Sport Exercise & Health Science and Design Technology within the EE guide • Read the appropriate section very carefully. • There is good advice concerning the Research Question Assessment Criteria • Read all of the Assessment Criteria carefully alongside the Subject Specific information A:Research Question You need a Science specific research question (ensure that it is specific to your Science subject) Include the independent variable(s) Include specifically the dependent variable Include the name of any organisms and chemicals involved in your investigation Be Specific and clear State your Research Question clearly (underlined or bold) at the beginning of your introduction. B: Introduction Context - Clearly explain the scientific theory behind the Research Question. Include citations. This is background information/hypothesis. Significance - What are you trying to understand better? Worth - Why is this worth investigating? What is the value of this research C: Investigation • How well have you planned your investigation? • Include: • An explained hypothesis • An explanation of how all variable are controlled • A list of materials (which can be included in a cited appendix) • A clear method which collects enough meaningful data. You should be able to use the data for producing graphs with standard deviation error bars, and statistical analysis such as t-test, Anova • To get the top marks, you need to develop an interesting method, rather than modify a standard procedure. • Additionally I suggest that you include information on a trial experiment to determine suitable variations of the independent variable, and to confirm that you can collect data. D: Knowledge and Understanding Academic Context - compare your data to data from other investigations in this field with citations (in the conclusion). Knowledge It must be clear that you understand the information within your essay and that your provide citations. Avoid jargon, if jargon must be used ensure that it is explained. E: Reasoned Argument Avoid investigating too many independent variables - one or two is best. Ensure the argument is presented as: • Introduction of the problem • Experimental procedure • Present Data (Raw data can be in a cited appendix) • Present graphs/statistical analysis • Analyse your data and compare it to literature • Conclusion Refer to the Research Question at all stages of the EE F: Analytical and evaluative skills I Raw data must be presented (but if large amounts are generated should be in an appendix) Processed data tables should be in the body of the EE Graphs (including error bars) should be presented in the body of the EE Consider data analysis such as ANOVA or t-tests (ensure that your data meets the required conditions. Always state the null hypothesis and alternative hypotheses - calculations can be in an appendix) F: Analytical and evaluative skills II •Analysis and Conclusion must be based on the data collected. •Analysis should attempt to answer the research question •Errors and uncertainties arising from methodology, instruments and/or techniques should be analysed and evaluated G: Appropriate language •Terminology must be used correctly •Avoid Excessive jargon •Jargon should be explained •Maintain a consistent linguistic style H: Conclusion State a clear conclusion based on the data collected and your analysis Identify unresolved questions/issues I: Formal Presentation I • • More than 4000 word means no points Science investigations "often result in large quantities of raw data. Large tables of raw data are best included in an appendix. Processed data fundamental to the research question should be included in the body of the essay." (IBO) I: Formal Presentation II • You must include the following: • title page • table of contents • page numbers • illustrative material with captions & citations • quotations • documentation (including references, citations and bibliography) • appendices J: Abstract More than 300 word means 0 The abstract requires three components: • A clear statement of the research question • A clear summary of the procedure • A clear summary of the conclusion K: holistic judgement Three things are considered: • Intellectual initiative (The EE should not be an IA) • Depth of understanding • Insight Appendices, footnotes & Endnotes "Appendices, footnotes and endnotes are not an essential section of the extended essay and examiners are not required to read them, so care should be taken to include all information of direct relevance to the analysis and argument in the main body of the essay. An essay that attempts to evade the word limit by including important material in notes or appendices risks losing marks under several criteria. Unless considered essential, complete lists of raw data should not be included in the extended essay. Students should not constantly refer to material presented in an appendix as this may disrupt the continuity of the essay." Experiment or Research Essay? • Both are possible but experiment essays are more likely to be successful. • If you do a research essay, you must still analyse data and produce graphs. • If you do a research essay, you will need to find something new and interesting that the original research did not. Questions? • Email me at [email protected] • Or find me and ask questions directly


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|A first-class view from five miles high
Without exaggeration, I've spent thousands of hours on commercial aircraft in the past 18 years. When I know I'll be flying at dawn or dusk, I make every effort to select a window seat. Seeing the entire visible spectrum flow from horizon to zenith as the sun warms the east is an emotional wellspring. The view from 30,000 feet is one of deep indigo, neon pink, and soothing orange. I've always considered it a privilege to have this eastern spectacle unfold on an AM southbound flight segment.
This previous Thursday, I went west. I found the evening sun suspended many degrees above the horizon as we gradually pushed above the cloud layer, with the eye-catching yellows and oranges fighting for their ephemeral moment. I connected my phone to the plane's WiFi network and sent my status into the Twittersphere:
Currently chasing the sun…
Pardon the math lingo for a minute, because I can't resist. If my memory is correct (doubtful) and I did the math right (slightly less doubtful) then the sun covers a geodesic along the surface of the Earth at a little more than 1000 mph. Even assuming my little CRJ900 flight was cruising at about 500 mph, this is a futile pursuit, but a gorgeous one. The colors glow brilliant and gradually yield to indigo, black, and starlight. I arrived in Great Falls, Montana under a dome of darkness, full of hope for a beautiful Friday on the Missouri River, chasing trout instead of sunsets.
My guide for two days of floating and "casting" the Missouri was Joe Bloomquist, outfitter and proprietor of X-Stream Flyfishing and the Missouri River Lodge, located a few miles north of Craig. He's been on this river for 26 years, and he's guided my family on several occasions here and on the Blackfoot. When I called him about a month ago and asked if he'd be available for my little two day window, I asked him how to pack. "I know April can either be Sunny and 70, or it can be snowing and 30," I said. Turns out, I'm psychic. Joe's classic advice was waders and layers.
We put in at Craig around 9:30. Midges everywhere, at least one every 4" by 4" area of water surface. I barely needed lunch from all the midges that were swallowed before noon. No luck passing the bridge piling, but there was a pod of slow gulping risers 200 yards down. We anchored and Joe let me try his Sage ONE with a couple of dry flies rigged. I managed to trick one riser into a strike, but lost it quickly. My sloppy technique scared off the rest of the pod. As Joe pulled up the anchor, I noticed the "midge mat" that had accumulated in the lee water off the bow of the boat: a thick mat of bugs 14" wide and 20" long were doing their thing in the sheltered slack water. Every eddy and slack on this section of water had similar clusters of tiny midges.
If you can get to the Missouri for some fishing, GO NOW. The rest of the day was nothing short of magical. Joe would countdown as my indicator approached a rolling current line or dropoff. "3… 2… 1…" and the indicator would drop nearly every time. We even had a little fun repeatedly circling a hole where we were dialed-in and pulling fish at will. Other boats would see us row out with a fish on, so they'd row in… and float through with no results. Joe's sly grin told me he was having a blast. The only bad part of the day was forgetting to put sunscreen on the back of my hands. Again, I say this without exaggeration: not a cloud crossed the sky, but the fishing was truly phenomenal at 70F and sunny.
The previous-day's blanket of midges was replaced by Blue Wing Olives before noon. Both Joe and Matt said they'd never seen a BWO blanket like that. To my amateur eyes, it seems that the fish on the Mo' are feeding slowly and at will, growing fat, happy, and energetic. I think I recall most fish making 3 good runs and then being easy to net when I've fished here in prior summers. This time, it was nothing for a runner to make 5-10 such runs back to deeper water. One went into my backing and we struggled back and forth for 20 minutes before Joe hiked down with the net. Even after all the effort, that fish wanted no recovery time and anxiously left the net.
It was a cold, snowy/rainy day with periods of stifling wind and occasional calm. The fishing was notably different, but no less fantastic. I still had periods of 6 landed fish per hour. Nearly all of that time was spent trying to land a fish that just kept running when brought up. Even Joe lost track of time in the fun, where I'd occasionally ask him to pursue a riser or show me technique for approaching a hole. Watching him cast is seeing a master artist at work. So humbling to watch. I have much to learn.
I've learned that the "progressive, degenerative" part of Parkinson's Disease is beginning to dominate my right arm. I've definitely lost some strength, stability, and control over the winter. The beautiful thing about fishing with Joe is that he will put the boat in position to accommodate my terrible casting abilities, then provide superior instruction on slack and mending so he can pilot the boat into such a position that you effectively had a perfectly placed cast by the time the flies reach the intended fish haven. Longer term, it's time for me to relearn casting, but with my left hand. My entire summer's fishing efforts will be focused on this: Cast Left, Manage and Retrieve Line on the Right.
I can imagine a future year when I may be totally dependent on a guide or my daughter to have any success with flyfishing. Right now, I have a good arm and can slowly tie knots despite the diminished use of my right hand. There's currently nothing that can be done to halt the sunset of my neuromuscular control. For now, I intend to keep Chasing the Sun.


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Tips for Getting Tattooed
I've gotten three tattoos at various locations on my body and of varying sizes, so here are some tips that I've learned when getting tattooed: Pre-Tattooing Choose your favorite artist, and make sure that you really like their art. I found my artist and followed her and her art for two years before getting my first tattoo. I think that it's important to trust your … Continue reading Tips for Getting Tattooed


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In Yakima, Washington, the deployment of a Traveler Information System cost $333,000.
Providing road weather and road condition information to the regional Transportation Management Center and the public
June 2009
Yakima,Washington,United States
Summary Information
- An RWIS station and a closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera at the westbound Selah Rest Area on I-82, mile post (MP) 22.
- A CCTV camera at the I-82/US-12 interchange, I-82 MP 31.37
- An HAR station on I-82 MP 36.5
- A HAR repeater on I-82, MP 31.0 and associated flashing beacons on US-12, SR 24, and I-82/US-97
- Microwave communications from the South Central Region Transportation Management Center at Union Gap to Lookout Point
- A multipoint radio from Lookout Point to the Yakima and Selah valleys
- A high speed microwave connection to the HAR and variable message sign (VMS) in Selah
- Actuated flashing beacons for a HAR station on US-12 near Naches.
System Cost Comments
No comments posted to date
ITS Evaluation Framework - Phase 2 Continuation (2009) Seventeen Projects
Author: Peter M. Briglia, Jr.
Source Date: June 2009URL: http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/672.2.pdf
System Cost
Average User Rating
Application Areas
Intelligent Transportation Systems > Traveler Information > En Route Information > Radio
Intelligent Transportation Systems > Traveler Information > Pre-Trip Information > Internet/Wireless
Intelligent Transportation Systems > Freeway Management > Information Dissemination > Highway Advisory Radio
Intelligent Transportation Systems > Freeway Management > Information Dissemination > Dynamic Message Signs
Intelligent Transportation Systems > Road Weather Management > Surveillance, Monitoring, & Prediction
Intelligent Transportation Systems > Road Weather Management > Information Dissemination
Related Unit Cost Subsystems
Roadside Telecommunications (RS-TC)
Roadside Detection (RS-D)
Roadside Information (RS-I)
HAR, DMS, CMS, VMS, Changeable Message Signs, Variable Message Signs


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Retention is not merely a strategy to apply only when the "churn rate" rises into the danger zone, but an activity that should be carried out continuously: here are 7 email campaigns you can use to be perceived as useful and by the customer's side.
Every company has revolving doors: the number of customers acquired always corresponds (naturally) to the number of customers who leave.
This last fact has a very specific name: it's called churn rate, and it is no less important than the number of new customers in terms of ROI or turnover.
We are dedicating today's blog post to churn rate, putting some tactics to counteract it on the table through email channels. Let's start with some basic notions.
What is churn rate?
Churn rate refers to the customer abandonment rate. This is a certain percentage that compares the customers who have stopped a service with those who have chosen and confirmed it.
Understanding that it's impossible for this percentage to be zero, as a certain number of abandonments is only natural, the churn rate helps us understand the dynamics between new entries and exits so that a company can always have the ratio under control.
All you need is a simple formula to calculate churn rate: take the total number of customers lost in a period of time and divide them by the total number of customers your company has.
(Customers at the beginning of the month – Customers at the end of the month)/Customers at the beginning of the month
Counteracting churn rate: retention activity
Defining retention as loyalty may be incorrect, but it explains the concept rather well.
We can say that the churn rate is inversely proportional to the retention rate, or the confirmation of your service by those who have already chosen it.
Customer retention is the set of activities implemented by a company to retain its customers over time, therefore reducing desertions to a minimum. In the broadest and most general sense, it indicates the maintenance of continuous relationships of exchange with customers over the long term.
The effectiveness of a sales strategy addressed to an acquired customer is 60-70%, while the effectiveness of a strategy addressed to a new customer is 5-20% (source: Invesp Consulting).
In pursuing the goal of retention, a company can use different techniques and tools. In this blog post, we'll focus on a particular channel you can use to apply a very effective retention activity: email.
7 Retention Email Marketing Tactics
Through retention email marketing, companies can engage their customers and strengthen their relationship with the brand, offering usefulness and added value.
Let's look at some retention techniques applied to email marketing.
1. Create and send useful content
How can you convince the customer of the quality of your product/service and induce him or her to stay with you? The sine qua non condition is that they know how to take advantage of the full potential of the product available to them.
The more customers know and understand the product, the more they will appreciate the features, consider them useful and, consequently, be willing to renew their loyalty.
2. Invite customers to webinars and courses
Especially for companies operating in the software field, webinars, online or classroom courses are fundamental tools they can use to increase customer engagement, offer useful things, and cultivate brand identity.
In addition to providing useful information about the product, the goal is to increase the perception of the company as reliable and available to meet customers' needs. Here's an example from Teachable…
3. Send recap emails about the customer's activity
Let customers know how they are using the product/service and what results they are obtaining: this is a great way to make them feel like you are by their side, improving their perception of usefulness and reliability.
This is a very interesting option which consists in sending customers an email summarizing some data on their use of the product/service. Every brand can provide numbers and information based on its business model, as long as they are relevant to the recipient.
Spotify does this very well in periodic emails which include figures and information related to listening on the platform:
4. Design a product newsletter
From a focus on the customer, we move more towards a focus on the product: one option to pursue is that of a more editorial newsletter you can use to communicate important, hot off the press news to customers (if they happened to miss it), anything coming up in the near future, and any other kind of useful or possibly entertaining information.
Here are the macro-themes around which a product newsletter could be detailed on a quarterly basis:
- What's new
- What's next
- Ongoing projects
- Upcoming events
- Reading tips.
5. Take advantage of the potential of milestone emails
Perhaps the name may mean nothing to you, but Milestones are those emails that celebrate some kind of result, a recurring event, or an "anniversary" between the customer and the company. This is another precious opportunity that helps the user feel like you're by their side.
Need an example? Check out this Uber email celebrating the third anniversary of customers and the brand.
6. Engage inactive customers
Since a certain churn rate is natural, so is a certain rate of inactivity: this means that as days and weeks pass, some customers stop interacting with and using the service or product. In many cases, inactivity is the precursor of abandonment.
It therefore becomes essential to manage to reactivate these dormant customers. How? With targeted emails that communicate closeness and know how to trigger an action by the customer, with useful content or the request to get in touch with the company to solve any problems that prevent use.
Here's an example of a reactivation email:
7. To support retention: onboarding, new launches, cross-selling, and upselling
Marketing objectives are not always parallel, but they often intersect, and in this sense we have included various activities as final techniques: onboarding, launches, cross-selling and upselling. While they all perform different tasks, they also contribute to the goal of retention.
For example, take the following email: this is the launch of a new service, but at the same time, it has the function of re-initiating a conversation with the customer, showing a greater depth of the offer:
Cross-selling and upselling work in the same way: both are techniques that will make the customer understand that the company's solutions go far beyond what they imagine.
In summary
As you will have understood, retention means using targeted strategies that are able to highlight the good choices made by the customer.
With this post, we wanted to explain to you how retention activities are not simple accessory strategies to be implemented only when the churn rate rises into the danger zone; on the contrary, they are activities to be carried out continuously.
Our advice is to develop a retention email marketing strategy, defining a set of campaigns and then checking their effectiveness. You can start today by requesting a free MailUp trial: you'll have the platform available for 30 days to create, send, and track your campaigns.


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Woodworking has always been a part of my life, but what else would you expect from a Carpenter? I was a homebuilder for 30 years and built furniture and sculpted in wood in my spare time. Since 1999, my passion has been turning wood. With a creative eye and an ever-expanding knowledge of wood, I am always watching for that special piece of a tree that can become a unique turning or piece of art. My goal is to expose the natural beauty of the wood in a pleasant shape that when finished will stimulate both the senses of sight and feel.
Raised in rural parts of Pennsylvania and New York
Graduated Clemson College of Architecture - 1975
Carpenter Built, Inc. Custom Home Builder, 1980 to 2010
President of South Carolina Home Builder Association, 1995
Began Woodturning, 1999
Juried in to the Southern Highlands Craft Guild, 2003
OMH Foundation Board, Treasurer 2003 to 2006
Carolina Mountain Woodturners, President 2004-2006, Treasurer 2001-03, 07-08
Blue Ridge Arts Center, Board 2004-2010, 2014- 2018, President 2008-2009
Downtown Seneca Merchants Association, President 2004-2008
Created "Downtown Go Round" for Historic Downtown Seneca, 2004
Receive the Order of the Palmetto, Highest award presented to a citizen in South Carolina, 2004
Inducted into the South Carolina Housing Hall of Fame, 2004
American Association of Woodturners, BOD Treasurer, 2010-2012


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text: Wed, 05/08/2019 - 12:00am Visit the library's website at https://dclib.ploud.net/ Like us on Facebook! Coming Soon Large Print "The Widows," by Jess Montgomery. "Wolf Pack: A Joe Pickett Novel," by C.J. Box. Non-Fiction "On Being 40(ish)," edited by Lindsey Mead. "She-ology: The Definitive Guide to Women's Intimate Health. Period." by Sherry A. Ross, MD. "Estrogen Matters: Why Taking Hormones in Menopause Can Improve Women's Well-Being and Lengthen Their Lives - Without Raising the Risk of Breast Cancer," by Avrum Bluming, MD, and Carol Tavris, PhD. "Aging and Mental Health," by Daniel L. Segal, Sara Honn Qualls and Michael A. Smyer. "Pain Management for Older Adults: A ...PLEASE LOG IN FOR PREMIUM CONTENT. Our website requires visitors to log in to view the best local news. Not yet a subscriber? Subscribe today! Read more about Tags: PressReporter.comLamesa Press-ReporterLamesaTexas