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Study Of The Seismic Vulnerability Of Complex Masonry Buildings
Free (open access)
1,306 kb
Paper DOI
WIT Press
M. R. Valluzzi, G. Cardani, A. Saisi, L. Binda & C. Modena
The study of the seismic vulnerability of complex buildings belonging to an historical centre located in the Umbria region in Italy is presented here. An earthquake struck the area in 1997, which emphasized the high vulnerability of the masonry buildings, even in consolidated conditions. Since then a systematic study was carried out in collaboration among universities and public bodies, in order to set up proper methodologies for survey and damage classifications, structural analysis modelling and improvement intervention proposals. The necessity of organizing the study on building typologies (isolated, rows and complex aggregates) was evidenced. This allowed us to select suitable procedures for the seismic vulnerability assessments and to prove the reliability of simplified macro-element kinematics models to describe the behaviour of existing masonry buildings in limit conditions. Those models are particularly indicated for complex aggregates, where the high level of irregularities and structural deficiencies can make inapplicable standard procedures (e.g. based on the \"box" behaviour), and are used both for vulnerability prediction analyses and for simulation of possible retrofitting interventions. Keywords: seismic vulnerability, masonry typologies, complex buildings, macromodelling, limit analysis, kinematics mechanisms. 1 Introduction Complex buildings in seismic area have specific vulnerability aspects which can make very difficult the adoption of common structural assessment procedures usually applied for regular buildings [1] [2]. The presence of geometrical irregularities both in plan than in section (lack of correspondence among walls and floors along vertical or horizontal lines) and constructive specificities (efficiency of connections, quality of constitutive
seismic vulnerability, masonry typologies, complex buildings, macromodelling, limit analysis, kinematics mechanisms.


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I first saw Creepshow on a family vacation in Parksville. I was 14 years old and had watched a total of one horror movie in my time on earth – The Sixth Sense. Well, I watched about half of it before frantically turning off the TV and having nightmares for a year. Horror wasn't for me, and yet, deep down, lay a desire to face my fears and just watch a scary movie from start to finish. Cut to the little town of Parksville, on Vancouver Island. It's a quiet place, where the biggest event is a sandcastle building contest that's held every summer. As used to be the case with quiet towns without much to do, there was a surprising number of video rental stores (six I believe). On perhaps the third day of the vacation I went for a walk and, though drawn there by mysterious forces beyond my control, found myself in a video store called Flix 'N' Pix, staring at a wall of horror movies on VHS.
I gazed with morbid fascination at the horrific images on display. I remember one in particular, A Nightmare on Elm Street 5, had on the back a graphic screen capture of a person with massively swollen cheeks literally eating themselves to death! There was The Exorcist, a movie my Dad had declared the scariest thing he had ever seen. Something called The Evil Dead, with a big red "Adults Only" sticker on the case. And there was a section with horror movies for sale. One caught my eye more than the others. It's cover was a sepia toned image of a smiling ghoul selling movie tickets at a theatre. It's title was one word…Creepshow. On the glass of the ghoul's ticket kiosk was a sign – "The most fun you'll ever have being scared!" …That didn't sound too bad. Before I could chicken out I grabbed the cassette and strolled up to the counter. For a moment I panicked – what if they wouldn't let me buy it? I glanced at the back – RATED R. I was about to bail, forget the whole crazy idea, when the person behind the counter said "Oh, good pick!" Five bucks later I was blinking in the Parksville sunshine, Creepshow proudly clutched in my hands.
When I got back to the motel my parents announced that it was time to hike Englishman River Falls. I casually asked if I could maybe stay behind and watch the movie I'd just bought. I sheepishly held up my purchase, again expecting the worst. Again, everything went better than expected. My parents were in full vacation mode and, though they didn't entirely approve of my choice of film, they were pretty excited at the prospect of hiking around gorgeous waterfalls without two kids whining that their feet hurt. With the folks safely out of the way, and my sister reading a Lois Lowry book at the table, I popped in the movie and turned on the TV.
14 years later Creepshow remains one of my all-time favourite horror movies, a genre I've been in love with since that fateful day in Parksville. Directed by the legendary George A. Romero, who tragically passed away last year, and written by none other than the king of horror fiction, Stephen King, Creepshow is a wonderful example of top tier talent coming together and bringing out the best in each other. It's quite possibly the best anthology movie ever made.
Creepshow tells five tales of terror, each inspired by the classic EC horror comics of the 40s and 50s. Those comics revelled in lurid images, splashed in eye popping primary colours. Their narratives were simple morality tales, where some poor soul receives, in gloriously gruesome fashion, their just desserts. Creepshow succeeds in not only capturing the essence of its inspiration, but in truly feeling like a living comic book. It expertly weaves together the vibrant colours, over-the-top characters, and fast paced storytelling that the filmmakers clearly love so dearly. Luckily there is also a lot more going on here than just re-creating source material. The five stories are each scary, fun, and funny, with well-realized characters that feel real despite their archetypical presentation. No segment outstays its welcome, and there's a real flow to the stories, so much so that I couldn't imagine them being presented in any other order. Add in a terrific score, Tom Savini's incomparable practical make-up effects, and unforgettable performances from Leslie Nielsen, Ed Harris, Adrienne Barbeau, Tom Atkins, Ted Danson, and Stephen King himself, and you've got the rare movie that actually lives up to its tagline. Creepshow is the most fun you will ever have being scared!

subset: commoncrawl


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7 Common Complications of a Multiple Pregnancy
Once you've been diagnosed with a multiple pregnancy there is so much to learn that falls outside what you might already know about pregnancy. When you're carrying twins, triplets, or quadruplet babies the risk for complications rises and depending on what type of multiples you have on board will determine the level of that risk and what treatment options are available to you.
Chair in Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Professor Fetal Medicine, Head of Discipline Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Newcastle and John Hunter Hospital Professor Craig Pennell says even though there are increased risks involved with carrying more than one baby at a time that doesn't mean you can't enjoy your pregnancy.
"The things that can go wrong in multiple pregnancies are divided into those that can happen to all multiples and those that are specific to particular multiples,"
"For example, Monochorionic Monoamniotic twins, also known as MoMos, account for just one-per cent of identical twins and they're the type of twins where cord entanglement can cause problems, which is associated with a loss rate in the pregnancy of up to 50 per cent,"
"In all the other types of twins, where there is a membrane between them, those conditions can't occur," explains Professor Pennell.
"The things that can go wrong in multiple pregnancies are divided into those that can happen to all multiples and those that are specific to particular multiples."
~Maternal Fetal Medicine Specialist – Professor Craig Pennell~
If we look at twins, in general, some of the things that can occur are:
Severe nausea and vomiting are very common in a multiple pregnancy, according to Professor Pennell.
"Hyperemesis can be dangerous to the mother if untreated,"
"If the mother gets significantly dehydrated, which is certainly possible, then that can have quite a significant impact on their health,"
"The issue with hyperemesis is that if your simple treatments and interventions don't work you should see your doctor quickly,"
"Often it means a stay in hospital or certainly a visit for three-or-four hours whilst you may have some fluid rehydration or medication given through a drip to try and stop the cycle of vomiting," says Professor Pennell.
Professor Pennell reassures us that the condition usually goes away at the end of the first trimester, so around 13-or-14 weeks, however, in about 10 per cent of women, it continues throughout the pregnancy.
"Hyperemesis can be dangerous to the mother if untreated."
~Maternal Fetal Medicine Specialist – Professor Craig Pennell~
The other thing that is more common in the first trimester of a multiple pregnancy is a miscarriage. Professor Pennell says the rate of miscarriage in twins is at least double if not higher than the rate in singletons. And, it's often not noticed or simply missed depending on when you have your first ultrasound.
"If you're having scans from five-weeks, you may see what starts as a twin pregnancy that then ends as a singleton somewhere between six-and-12 weeks, whereas if your first scan is at nine-weeks, you may not realise that it started as a twin,"
"Also, you can have a situation where you physically miscarry a pregnancy but still have a remaining fetus in utero. This is not very common thankfully, as it is quite distressing for all involved," Professor Pennell explains.
Not surprisingly, the rate of miscarriage in Higher Order Multiples is again higher. This is somewhere in the order of 30-50 per cent where you would lose at least one of the embryos in the first trimester.
"The rate of miscarriage in twins is at least double, if not higher than the rate in singletons. And, it's often not noticed or simply missed depending on when you have your first ultrasound."
~Maternal Fetal Medicine Specialist – Professor Craig Pennell~
Structural Anomalies
All babies have the chance of having a structural problem (about five-percent), which includes such things as a clubbed foot, an extra finger, cleft-lip-and-palette, a hole in the heart, or an issue with the kidneys, according to Professor Pennell.
"With Dichorionic twins, the rate is double that of a singleton,"
"With Monochorionic twins, the rate is even higher than that because Monochorionic twins in itself is an anomaly," says Professor Pennell.
Professor Pennell goes on to explain that if you have an early blastocyst splitting into two embryos there's an increased risk of issues in structural development. The more severe anomalies can be picked up at the 11-13-week scan, however, most of them are detected during the 18-20-week anatomy scan.
"It's important to note that when you are having these scans, they will take at least twice as long because they are technically quite difficult, especially with higher order multiples because it's important to make sure you are thoroughly assessing each fetus one at a time,"
"When you have a twin pregnancy, you want to go to a specialist centre who at a minimum specialises in pregnancy ultrasound, and preferably someone who specialises in ultrasound in high-risk pregnancies, because you need to have a lot of experience to do these types of scans well," urges Professor Pennell.
"When you have a twin pregnancy, you want to go to a specialist centre who at a minimum specialises in pregnancy ultrasound, and preferably someone who specialises in ultrasound in high-risk pregnancies, because you need to have a lot of experience to do these types of scans well."
~Maternal Fetal Medicine Specialist -Professor Craig Pennell~
Alexa's Story
Alexa Bigwarfe agrees with Professor Pennell and admits that if she had been with a team that specialises in multiple pregnancies when she was diagnosed with an identical twin pregnancy, her life would be vastly different to what it is today. You see, Alexa has Systemic Lupus and Hashimoto's Disease, so when she discovered she was pregnant with her third baby, her doctor called her in straight away, despite being just 6-weeks' pregnant, due to her classification of being High-Risk.
"The doctor came in and confirmed, she said yep it's definitely two,"
"She said come back in two weeks and we'll just check and make sure there's still two," says Alexa.
When Alexa and her husband went back for the next ultrasound the doctor told them that the babies were identical and sharing a placenta.
"I'll never forget that day, it's like burned into my mind because I remember the doctor very nonchalantly, very nonchalantly saying to me 'sometimes with twins sharing a placenta, like this, one of them will get too much of the placenta and one of them won't get enough and they're not sharing the fluids and everything equally,"
"And, then she was like but if that happens there's stuff we can do and she said it like it's no big deal,"
"And, I'm thinking she's the doctor so she knows what she's talking about, and I went on my way and didn't think anything about it,"
"I constantly wonder how different my life would be today if she had said the words twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome if she had said anything to indicate that it would be something that we should follow closely," explains Alexa.
"I constantly wonder how different my life would be today if she had said the words twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome if she had said anything to indicate that it would be something that we should follow closely."
~Alexa Bigwarfe, mum of an angel twin and a survivor~
Alexa says that over the next ten-weeks many mistakes were made, including not being scheduled for a 16-week ultrasound.
"I never had twins before, I wasn't looking up twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome because she didn't say anything about it,"
"When we went in for the 20-week ultrasound they diagnosed us officially with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and we were already stage-3,"
"This meant we were well on our way to one baby dying, if not both babies dying," says Alexa.
Alexa was then transferred to a Maternal Fetal Manager (MFM), which she says should have happened much earlier in her pregnancy. She had an amnioreduction, where the fluid is drained from the recipient baby's amniotic sac. However, according to Alexa, her MFM wasn't as up to speed on TTTS as he should have been.
"There were some missteps taken along the way, some bad information, some procedures that probably could have happened that didn't happen because of his lack of awareness and knowledge on the subject," says Alexa.
Several more amnioreduction procedures were carried out over the following weeks, and as a result, Alexa went into labour at 30-weeks-and-five-days gestation and was rushed in for an emergency caesarean section.
"Kathryn had to be resuscitated, she was the larger baby with hydrops, and when she was born she had so much fluid in her abdomen that it was swollen to the maximum extent,"
"The little one we had just cleared viability with her, even though they were 30-weeks, she was about the size of a 24-25 weeker, one-pound-10-ounces,"
"But she squeaked when she was born, it sounded like a little bird, and that was the most exciting sound," says Alexa.
Kathryn survived for two-days.
Charis spent 84-days in NICU.
What is TTTS?
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a prenatal condition in which Monochorionic twins (identical) share an unequal amount of the placenta's blood supply. This results in the fetuses growing at different rates. Around 70 per cent of identical twins share a placenta and 20 per cent of these pregnancies will be impacted by TTTS.
"This condition typically occurs between 16-26 weeks and is due to an imbalance in the blood vessels that connect the twins across the surface of the placenta,"
"This is usually a rapidly progressive condition and untreated can be associated with a loss rate of up to ninety per cent,"
"If it's picked up and diagnosed, there are good treatments available now that give good outcomes in 80 per cent of women," says Professor Pennell.
As Professor Pennell explains the baby with more of the blood supply is called the recipient and the one with less is called the donor. Because the donor has less blood flow, it will grow much slower and will be significantly smaller than the other twin. In contrast, the recipient twin has too much blood flow and grows fast and is much bigger.
Stages of TTTS
Stage 1: There is an imbalance of amniotic fluid, with a small amount (<2cm) around the donor twin and a large amount around the recipient twin (>8cm). The twins often have a 20 per cent size discordance.
Stage 2: The bladder of the donor twin is not visible, or it does not fill with urine, during an ultrasound exam.
Stage 3: The imbalance of blood flow starts to affect the heart function in one or both babies. This is observed as abnormal blood flow in the umbilical cords or hearts of the twins.
Stage 4: The imbalance of blood flow causes signs of heart failure in one of the twins.
Stage 5: One or both of the twins has passed away from severe TTTS.
For Stage 1 cases, observation may be all that is necessary, but for Stage 2 or higher cases, fetal surgery may be the best option.
Symptoms of TTTS in the mother
Sudden weight gain.
Fundus appears large for dates (often will appear like a term pregnancy).
Abdominal pain and tightness.
Premature onset of contractions.
Treatment options
Observation – weekly ultrasound assessment.
Fetopic Laser Photocoagulation – in cases of stage 2 or higher, between 16-and-26 weeks surgeons insert a small laser fibre into the mothers' uterus and laser energy is used to stop the blood flow between the twins. As a result, the placentas are separated, allowing each twin to develop independently.
Amnioreduction – this procedure removes the excess fluid from around the larger twin, reducing amniotic pressure and reducing the risk of preterm labor.
This is usually performed with fetoscopic laser photocoagulation.
"TTTS is a moving feast and it needs to be reviewed regularly as our ability to prognosticate beyond a week or so is very limited."
~Maternal Fetal Medicine Specialist – Professor Craig Pennell~
Professor Pennell explains that TTTS is a moving feast and it needs to be reviewed regularly as the ability to prognosticate beyond a week or so is very limited.
"Twins with untreated advanced stages of TTTS during pregnancy usually don't do well after delivery,"
"There is a 90 per cent fatality risk and for those who do survive there's a 15-50 per cent risk of neurologic handicap,"
"Treatment options during pregnancy can significantly improve survival and lower the risk of neurologic handicaps," says Professor Pennell.
The good news is, according to Professor Pennell that if TTTS has been successfully managed by an experienced team and treated during pregnancy, there is a much better chance that the babies will be healthy.
"If you are being managed by an experienced team and modern treatment, you can expect better outcomes now than were possible ten or twenty years ago."
~Maternal Fetal Medicine Specialist – Professor Craig Pennell~
Sally's Story
There's a common theme when I talk with people who have experienced a multiple pregnancy. There's the initial shock when hearing the diagnosis and then there's the steep learning curve while attempting to understand the type of multiple they're carrying. And, then there are the complications.
I admit, there are things I could have done differently, however, looking back I think I was in a state of shock for months because it seemed as though there were only a handful of weeks where I wasn't faced with the prospect of losing one or both of my babies.
Most people would shrug off my concerns about the discordance in size of the girls with comments like – 'one twin is always bigger than the other', even my private obstetrician dismissed my concerns before I decided he wasn't the right person to guide me through my pregnancy.
What these people didn't realise was with my diagnosis of Intrauterine Growth Restriction or IUGR I was carrying a ticking time bomb. You see, IUGR in a twin pregnancy is a condition where one or both babies don't grow in the manner that's expected due to an uneven share of the placenta, what that means is that these babies are much smaller than other babies of the same gestational age.
"What these people didn't realise was with my diagnosis of Intrauterine Growth Restriction, I was carrying a ticking time bomb."
~Sally Barker~
Fortunately, following the recommendation of the Sonographer at the specialised imaging centre I went to for my 12-week scan, I went to the local tertiary hospital in Perth Western Australia two-weeks later to have a follow-up assessment. Another scan was scheduled at 16-weeks, it was at this stage I was placed in the care of the GOLD team, which is a group of highly skilled specialists who have extensive experience with multiple births.
The management of my pregnancy was such that I was seen twice a week, and sometimes three times. I knew that the girls would be pre-term, there was no doubt about that. But just how early was a waiting game. During the scans, close attention was placed on the blood flow to my smaller baby, Aasha, who it turned out had a cord insertion at the lower edge of the placenta, which meant she was only getting about 25 per cent of the nutrients she needed.
At 24-weeks the blood flow to Aasha had slowed and showed signs of reversing. It was explained that the girls would need to be delivered and their chance of survival was slim, however, there had been cases where following a corticosteroid injection the condition could stabilise. Thankfully, for us, that's exactly what happened.
We were hoping to get to at least 30-weeks' gestation, and I was so certain we would get there, but when that blood flow stopped again at just 28 weeks' gestation, this time there would be no intervention.
The girls were so tiny, just 825 grams or 1.8 pounds and 1075 grams or 2.3 pounds. They came home together 64 days after they were born.
Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction (sIUGR)
Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction (sIUGR) is a condition that occurs when twins share unequal portions of the placenta. What this means is that one twin is normal size, while the other is significantly smaller.
Professor Pennell explains that sIUGR can occur in both Dichorionic and Monochorionic twins, but it's more common in Monochorionic twins.
"With Monochorionic twin pregnancies, there is an 80 per cent chance the twins will share a placenta,"
"With that, the vessels on the surface of the placenta connect the babies' circulation and when they have IUGR one twin has a smaller portion of the placenta, and has a harder time getting enough oxygen and nutrients,"
"It is important to note that twins don't grow the same as singletons, so it's important to have the twins assessed on twin growth charts if possible because it's well known that the rate of growth in twins is much slower," advises Professor Pennell.
"It is important to note that twins don't grow the same as singletons, so it's important to have the twins assessed on twin growth charts if possible because it's well known that the rate of growth in twins is much slower."
~Maternal Fetal Medicine Specialist – Professor Craig Pennell~
How is sIUGR Diagnosed?
Once you have a diagnosis of a Monochorionic twin pregnancy, whether that's part of a twin, triplet, or quadruplet pregnancy, and that they are sharing a placenta, frequent ultrasounds are performed to monitor the growth and condition of the twins.
According to Professor Pennell, it's widely recommended for ultrasounds to be performed every two weeks between 16-and-24 weeks of the pregnancy for Monochorionic twins, to pick up any differences in amniotic fluid levels or growth discordance.
"If this is the case more frequent ultrasounds will be performed to monitor the progression of the condition,"
"During these scans, the sonographer will pay close attention to the heart function and anatomy, also the blood flow to the babies' brain, umbilical cords, and other vital organs will be assessed,"
"And, babies with IUGR will almost always be delivered preterm and always via Caesarean section," explains Professor Pennell.
"Babies with IUGR will almost always be delivered preterm and always via Caesarean section."
~Maternal Fetal Medicine Specialist – Professor Craig Pennell~
Preeclampsia is a blood vessel disease and is a common complication of pregnancy. It involves the diagnosis of hypertension or high blood pressure along with a series of systemic complications, generally associated with having large amounts of protein in the urine (proteinuria). Preeclampsia is generally diagnosed after 20-weeks' gestation and resolves after delivery.
"The disease can happen in any pregnancy, however, it's much more common in multiple pregnancies, where it occurs in up to 30 per cent of pregnancies,"
"HELLP syndrome is the most serious form of the condition and occurs in about one-in-ten cases," explains Professor Pennell.
HELLP (H – Haemolysis, EL – elevated liver enzymes, LP – low platelets) syndrome is one type of severe preeclampsia.
The Progression of Preeclampsia
For most women, preeclampsia is a slowly evolving process that develops over a number of weeks and gradually gets worse towards the end of pregnancy.
"In this instance delivery solves the problem,"
"In contrast, there are some women with severe preeclampsia where things can evolve over a matter of hours,"
"It's this group who frequently present symptomatic and will most likely have both maternal and fetal disease,"
"These women will require urgent inpatient care and careful treatment by a team who are experienced in the management of severe forms of preeclampsia," says Professor Pennell.
Preeclampsia Symptoms
For many women diagnosed with preeclampsia, they'll have no symptoms. However, the effects of the disease are quite variable and some women will present with headaches, swollen legs, hands, and face (oedema). In the more severe cases, the symptoms can be quite prominent, where the mother has extremely high blood pressure and abnormalities in any of the organ systems.
"The most common scenario for the vast majority of women with preeclampsia is high blood pressure and proteinuria, with some abnormal blood tests reflecting changes in renal function towards the end of pregnancy,"
"For those women, the treatment is simply delivery," explains Professor Pennell.
Other women present with neurologic symptoms where you can get:
Visual disturbances.
and hyperreflexia (very brisk reflexes).
These women will often be treated with preventative drugs (magnesium sulphate drip) aimed at avoiding seizures.
Preterm Birth
Preterm birth is a major concern in multiple pregnancies. Fifty per cent of twin pregnancies are preterm, while in triplet, quadruplet, or quintuplet gestations 90-100 per cent will be born early.
A Preterm or premmie baby is defined as being born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. There are sub-categories of preterm birth, however, based on gestational age:
Extremely preterm, or micro premmies, are born at less than 28-weeks' gestation.
Very preterm are those babies born between 28 and 32-weeks' gestation.
And, moderate to late preterm, which are babies born after 32-weeks and before 37-weeks' gestation.
According to the World Health Organisation, worldwide an estimated 15 million babies are born too early every year. That's more than one in every 10 babies. Sadly, of these babies, approximately one-million will die due to complications of their preterm birth.
Globally, an estimated 15 million babies are born prematurely every year. That's more than one in every 10 babies. Sadly, of these babies, approximately one-million will die due to complications of their preterm birth.
~World Health Organisation~
Why does preterm birth happen?
Well, there are many reasons preterm births occur, the most common causes include a multiple pregnancy, infections, and chronic conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure. However, oftentimes no cause is identified but may be due to genetic influences.
As Professor Pennell explains, although there are many complications that can occur in a multiple pregnancy that are different to that of a singleton pregnancy, being informed and educated on those conditions will greatly help you during this time.
"It is, however, extremely important to be under the care of a Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist team with experience in multiple pregnancies,"
"With that, you can be confident that your pregnancy will run smoothly and if complications do arise you will be in the best hands to manage it,"
"If you start having contractions, tightening, fluid leaking, or bleeding then it's important to go to your doctor to make sure that if you are having signs of going into labor early that steps can be taken to try and stop it, or at least to make sure the twins will be born in the best condition possible," advises Professor Pennell.
"If you start having contractions, tightening, fluid leaking, or bleeding then it's important to go and see your doctor to make sure if you are having signs of going into labor early that steps can be taken to try and stop it or at least make sure that the twins will be born in the best condition possible."
~Maternal Fetal Medicine Specialist – Professor Craig Pennell~
Knowledge is power
There is so much to learn when you're having multiples and working out what information best suits your situation can be daunting, however, for most of us knowledge is power. And, if you've listened to Season One of the Double Happiness Multiplied podcast or read any of my other articles you'll know that I strongly advocate asking questions, insisting on being in the care of a team that specialises in multiple births, and most importantly, know that you have the right to change your doctor if you're not comfortable with the management plan that's set out for you.
Until next time,
I wish you Double Happiness … Multiplied.
Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS) affects approximately 15 per cent of identical twins who share a placenta.
TTTS will normally develop between about 16 and 28 weeks' gestation.
Preeclampsia is a blood vessel disease and is a common complication of pregnancy. It involves the diagnosis of hypertension or high blood pressure along with a series of systemic complications, generally associated with having large amounts of protein in the urine (proteinuria). Preeclampsia is generally diagnosed after 20- weeks' gestation and resolves after delivery.
Preeclampsia can happen in any pregnancy, however, it's much more common in multiple pregnancies, where it occurs in up to 30 per cent of pregnancies.
Babies with IUGR will almost always be delivered preterm and always via Caesarean section.
Fifty per cent of all twins are delivered prematurely.
Worldwide an estimated 15 million babies are born too early every year.
Disclaimer: The content contained within this article is purely informative and educational in nature and should not be construed as medical advice. Please use the content only in consultation with an appropriately certified medical or healthcare professional.
Double Happiness Multiplied podcast – Season One Episode Five
Double Happiness Multiplied – The Complete Guide to Enjoying Your Multiple Pregnancy and Building a Happy, Healthy Family Life.
Never the Same: Families Forever Changed by Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome
By Alexa Bigwarfe
The goal of this book is to spread more awareness and provide an outlet for families to share their stories, celebrate their babies, and remember the many who did not survive.
Sunshine After the Storm
-A Survival Guide for The Grieving Mother-
Miscarriage, stillbirth, and newborn death support
Helping Little Hands
Australian Multiple Birth Association
Pregnancy, Birth, and Baby
Australian Multiple Birth Association
Perth & Districts Multiple Birth Association
Multiples of America
Twins & Multiple Births Association
The Multiple Births Foundation
Irish Multiple Births Association
Multiple Births Canada
International Council of Multiple Birth Organisations (ICOMBO)
South African Multiple Birth Association


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Fantasia Fair Participant's Program Guide (Oct. 14 - 24, 1993)
Collection: Fantasia Fair: Programs, Participant Guides, and Directories Institution: Transgender Archives, University of Victoria Creator: Fantasia Fair, The Human Outreach and Achievement Institute Date: Oct. 14, 1993 to Oct. 24, 1993 Topics: Passing, Relationships, Voice therapy Subject: Congress of Transgender Organizations (CTO)
Cross-Port InnerView, Vol. 12 No. 8 (August, 1996)
Collection: Cross-Port InnerView Institution: Digital Transgender Archive Creator: Cross-Port Date: Aug. 1996 Topics: Cosmetics, Crossdressers, Crossdressing, Defamation campaigns, Discrimination, Femininity, Passing, Prejudices, Sports, Supreme court, Transgender people, Voice therapy Subject: Alison Laing, American Educational Gender Information Service, Inc. (AEGIS), Angela Gardner, Be All You Want to Be, Bob Davis, Cincinnati Human Rights Ordinance, Cindy Abel, Congress of Transgender Organizations (CTO), Dennis Rodman, Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA), FtM International, GenderPAC, International Conference on Transgender Law & Employment Policy (ICTLEP), International Foundation for Gender Education (IFGE), It's Time America, Linda Buten, Lynn Walker, National Transgender Lobby Day (NTLD), Phyllis Randolph Frye, Renaissance National, Riki Anne Wilchins, Romer V. Evans, RuPaul, Stonewall Cincinnati, Transgender Alliance for Community, Transgender Forum, Transgender Officers Protect and Serve (TOPS), Transsexual Menace, Tri-Ess Society for the Second Self Description: Magazine name changed from "Cross-Port" starting with Vol. 1 No. 3 (September, 1985)


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Have you ever been locked out of your Windows 10 computer due to password issue? Don't worry because in this article, you will find a comprehensive guide on how to bypass the windows 10 password. There are actually different methods on how to remove password in windows 10.
However, I am going to outline the simpler methods here that you can easily recall anytime soon. Removing passwords login from Laptop running on Windows 10 is quite simpler.
If you are tired of entering passwords anytime each time you want to log on to your home-based system, laptop or PC running on Windows 10. Then you can easily follow this method.
How To Remove the Administrator Password in Windows 10
The truth is, not everyone wants to run his/her laptop like Cleo in the movie 24, and in a bid prevent that, here are guidelines on how to remove your login password from Windows 10.
ALSO READ: How To Use WhatsApp on Old Blackberry and Windows Phones 8.0
Using Netplwiz Windows 10 Password Remover
This is the one of the coolest and surest method on how to remove/bypass Windows 10's Password. It's actually not just simple, but also faster.
- Now click on the Windows 10 Start Menu
- Or you can easily click on Windows 10 Start Menu + R
- Then type Netplwiz.
- Tap enter or OK
- Uncheck the option labeled "Users must enter a username and password to use this computer."
- Now click Apply, and you'll be prompted to enter your current password twice
- After entering your password, click on OK
- Then also click on OK
Now, to test your work out, all you need to do is to reboot your laptop or PC and let it wake up from sleep.
And that is all.
If you really think that this isn't secured, then you can easily follow the above procedures to bring back the passwords security by checking the labeled option at the top that reads "Users must enter a username and password to use this computer." Netplwiz is window gives you access to Windows user accounts and many password controls.
Disclaimer: Kindly note that it's totally unsafe to leave your computer and you need to be thoroughly careful with your system. Kindly understand that this tutorial is for people whose PC/Laptops stays home. TellForce Blog is not responsible for any bridge of security on your system.
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SaaS vs On-Premise: Which solution is more profitable in terms of costs?
Regiondo is a SaaS company, but what does it really mean? SaaS or "Software as a Service" is the opposite of SaaP – "Software as a product", or just "on-premise". But what is behind these designations? In this article, I will explain you both.
On-Premise/Self developing
On-Premise, also known as Software as a Product, is like the old fashioned way to buy or develop software. But most of the people are used to buy software in this way. A good example is The Microsoft Office package. A few years ago you had to buy a CD with the Microsoft Office programs or another license when you already installed the package. That means you just bought it one time and then you were free to use it how long you want to.
Software as a product means that you buy the software or a license once and then it is up to you. There is no hosting environment or live support. In some cases you also need own developer and staff to create and manage updates and upgrades
Also, you had to host it by yourself. So if your computer/servers crash – all your data was deleted unless a backup was made or you rent another server.
A lot of SaaS provider came into our view in the last years. Netflix as a service provider for streaming is a very good example of it. So you pay your monthly fee and then the only thing you need is a (good) internet connection to enjoy the full service.
But there are more advantages than just to save money without driving to the next DVD Store. SaaS products are cloud-based like Regiondo. So you are not responsible for the hardware anymore and don't have any investment needs for the technical infrastructure. This is the base for growth! You don't need resources to extend or replace your hardware or software support. You can leave that to us!
Besides the fact that less technical knowledge is required you have the very important advantage of being flexible. Flexibility is nowadays important in different ways.
- You can test software before
- Continual updates
- Immediate bug fixes
- Live support
- The costs are significant to your performance
And overall, a SaaS solution is able to adapt the changes in the market very quickly. Also, a SaaS solution has the network and the power to connect with big players like Viator to create the best benefits for the customers.
In the end, it is also interesting to mention that also Microsoft office is changing from an On-Premise to a SaaS product 😉
The total cost of ownership
Example: Regiondo Supplier "City Guides" with an advance package and 10.000 Tickets per year vs. on-premise self-hosted solution.
Set-Up costs (developing)
Upgrade / update costs
Costs per booking
Hardware replacements
Running costs:
Service personnel
monthly fee/ license
Especially when you take a look at the running costs, you only have your low monthly fee. When you created your solution on-premise you have much more costs to manage. Like server costs, energy costs and additional staff like a product owner, system administrator, e-commerce analyst, designer etc. On top mutualized volumes allow Regiondo to negotiate the best payment terms with banks. Even if you choose the same payment provider, Regiondo can pass on better conditions to its customers.
Also, the costs for a SaaS solution behave linearly with your performance. For example, when your business is seasonal and you have to pass through low periods, the costs for a SaaS are very low and nearly not existing. This allows you to avoid unnecessary expenses and save your resources for tasks which are more important in this time like creating or calculating offers for your next season.
Supplier: A tour guide with about 10 000 tickets per year for 20€ each. The supplier chose the Advance Regiondo package for 99€ per month
The costs for set-up and running costs are based on requirements. We used an average in this example.
In this case, the Regiondo SaaS Solution saves you compared to the SaaP solution up to 32 148€ in 4 years.
We did a calculation over 4 years to show you all differences between the costs of a SaaS solution and the on-premise version of it.
On-Premise products had their time before the internet was accessible to most of the people. But now you have very good advantages in case of a SaaS solution like Regiondo. We have thousands of customers. They are all very individual and have their special needs in the leisure industry. But all of them come together in our support channels. This situation creates the possibility for us to use the advantage of having a mutualized development. Know-how and features are developed for industry leaders and so for every customer from Regiondo.
With our great Support and IT Team, we are adopting the special needs of the leisure market very quickly and implement it with a fundamental knowledge of the industry. Most of our employees are from the tourism or software industry so that we have built a great environment to develop our booking solution for you.
When you decide to choose a SaaS solution you are sure to be at least always online and have great support to suit the solution perfect for your business. Also, the time you save by choosing the SaaS solution is an important factor. Developing an own software solution with an own server environment is a long process with difficult decisions and patience. When you decide to choose the SaaS solution you are immediately ready to start your ticket shop.
The change from On-Premise to SaaS is like the change from a product orientation to a service orientation. You buy a whole solution, not only a product. With the great benefits of service, you create the chance to use the software even more successful and cover the negative eventualities at one stroke.
Interested? Book a demo with our experts or grab the chance and start a free trial just right now!


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When it comes to car body repairs, SC Autobodies is a small independent body repair business and has been serving Pudsey and surrounding areas for over 23 years. With over 35 years' experience in the trade, you can rely on our car body repair specialists to restore your car to its former glory in no time.
Finding car body repair specialists you can trust does not have to be difficult because SC Autobodies should be your first choice. From small scratches and dents to major crash repairs, no matter how bad the damage to your car's body is, you can trust us to fix it at an affordable price.
Whether you need your car repainted or re-sprayed, SC Autobodies in Pudsey should be your first choice. Whether it's a domestic vehicle or commercial vehicle, we can fix it for you for a competitive price. Talk to our experts today, We pride ourselves on customer satisfaction and quality workmanship at realistic prices.
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Question: My big interview is tomorrow. I know what to wear and what questions to ask, but I'm wondering… what do I really need to bring with me?
Answer: Always bring a few extra copies of your resume in case one of your interviewers hasn't had a chance to glance at your credentials–or if you just want to doubly remind them exactly who you are. Remember, that you are likely not the only person interviewing for this position. Also, your interviewer is squeezing this interview in between meetings and work demands. In the same vein, consider bringing copies/visuals of your best work (if that's relevant to your line of work).
It always helps to have a notepad and pen on hand so you can jot down any questions that arise during the interview, important information about the position, as well as the email addresses and names of those who you've spoken to. This all can fit into a simple writing portfolio, also known as a padfolio (found at office supply stores), or a professional looking tote bag or briefcase.
Might as well throw in a water bottle, breath mints or gum, a small snack to nibble on before your interview, and of course your (silenced) cell phone. What else do you usually bring to interviews? Comment below!
Image via Carla Escobedo/Flickr.


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YouTube, Google, and Twitter are all far left media outlets run at the top layer, by leadership so liberal, they simply do not even understand the U.S. Constitution.
For months now, they have been banning conservatives who use these platforms — ostensibly — for bullying and hate speech, terms they have decided they and they alone — are allowed to self define! The first amendment specifically exists to protect people from being banned for speaking ideas — the other side describes as "hate speech".
Every single important SCOTUS case on this is clear, what YouTube, Twitter, and Google are doing, is a big no-no.
But forget about the Constitution for a minute, just ask yourself, if it makes common sense to allow multiple Islamic Jihadist posters — to LITERALLY call for the murder of people that do not obey Sharia Law keep right on using their platforms — while they deny conservative writers and pundits.
The American actor James Woods, a brilliant man with a Mark Twain-like wit, has already been removed, from what is essentially today, the country's electronic town square. This is not constitutional, AND it's discrimination AND it will end or else these companies will be broken up.
Don't believe me?
Go to the White House website and check out the form where they are inviting Americans to report when and where this is happening. Do I think the SJW's running these companies will be smart enough and/or hire lawyers smart enough to tell them how to avoid all this and correct the mistakes they have already made?
No, I do not.


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450.00€ VAT included
Yamaki F-115. Acoustic tone from the 70s !!! Martin D-18 clone. Machine heads, nut, neck, fretboard, and bridge are in good condition. This Yamaki has some minor dings and dents. Action is low and very comfortable. The neck is perfectly right (U profile). Top made of spruce, back and sides of mahogany. Neck of mahogany. Body is Dreadnought size. A wonderful acoustic guitar at an affordable price!!!
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Counter Strike: Global Offensive is the latest addition in Valve's first person shooter series. You'll be buying weapons, buying skins for those weapons, and screaming at russians in matches as you attempt to climb up the competitive ladder and get out of Silver Rank so people stop shit talking you.
CSGO is a first person shooter first and foremost, but one may find it a bit different than a lot of big name competitors like Battlefield or Call of Duty. Guns have a lot more recoil, and most of what you'll be playing is an attack - defend bombing mode which involves no respawns until the end of the round.
The formula of a CSGO game is simple. You can join one of two sides, the terrorists who seek to plant the bomb and detonate it, and the counter terrorists who wish to defuse or prevent the bomb from being planted.
There are a few ways to win the game: you can either complete your team's main objective involving detonating or defusing the bomb. Or, you can kill all of the enemy team and win. In addition, if you're on the Counter Terrorist's side, you can win through a clock (which stops once the terrorists plant the bomb).
This is actually a very interesting dynamic, and for the most part serves to make matches pretty high stakes and intense. You can't just hit a button and respawn: instead, you're forced to make every move count.
Once you've joined your team, you'll need to buy weapons with the round money. There are two ways to obtain this: an end-of-round bonus which differs on your status of winning or losing, and of course killing enemies. Each gun has a different kill reward, so sometimes you might want to use "weaker" guns in order to rack up money to buy the good ones.
This in turn proves to make the game quite strategically deep, as it means that one may have rounds they are forced to throw to save their weapons they paid so much for, or rounds where the team ends up having to buy low in order to save money for their next round.
Now, as far as shooting goes, it's alright. The game takes a lot more aim and mastery than a lot of others on the market, and rewards knowing recoil patterns of guns. But, there is one major problem.
The developers seem to be very inconsistent with balancing. Valve often tries to make new guns or buff old guns so that they are viable, but overall just makes them feel overpowered. Often, it's not even on a subtle note, but just ends up silly. Making a 900 dollar pistol as strong as a sniper rifle did not help the meta at all, and while Valve quickly nerfed it, changes like that happen on such sudden whims and effect the game horribly, even if their stay is short.
The game also has a bit of a hacking problem, more so with Valve's handle on bans which seems to be poorly enforced in a lot of games. The ranking system in the game is often hurt by these hackers, which seem to not be hit enough with bans.
The graphics are nothing to write home about, but they pass. The music barely exists, and the sounds in the game are as if somebody was in a paintball field, heard the sound and decided to stick it on all the guns in the game.
Overall, CSGO is alright. Honestly, it's a good fair bit of fun, and you'll get some laughs and triumphant moments. Just don't expect to be playing it too seriously, as honestly the developers don't know what they want half the time. But if you're just picking it up for something to do on the weekend while munching on chips and drinking soda, it's pretty good for its price point of 20 dollars.
Last edited by Geb on Sun Apr 30, 2017 7:35 pm; edited 1 time in total


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Guardian Publishes 'Shortlists' Of International Development Journalism Competition Entries
The Guardian has published "shortlists" of the amateur and professional entries for its International Development Journalism competition. Topics of the amateur entries include the advancement of women's rights in fragile states, education as a tool for change in the developing world, and the dangers of childbirth in sub-Saharan Africa. Topics of the professional entries include malnutrition, access to safe abortion, and climate change (6/18).


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The Beaches is planning a new cherry blossom festival for this spring
The Beaches is getting a cherry blossom festival this year.
That's right, the already beautiful, destination-worthy, east-end Toronto neighbourhood is about to get its very own cherry blossom festival.
Councillor Mary-Margaret McMahon's office confirmed to Daily Hive that, while no new Sakura trees will be planted this year, they are planning a Sakura Matsuri, which is a cherry blossom festival.
Although full details are still being worked out, the Councillor's office said that the festival will take place sometime in May.
More details will be available in April, and we can't wait to share them.
And if you can't get enough of those blossoms, besides The Beaches, each spring Sakura in High Park takes place in Toronto, with the blossoms predicted to reach peak bloom sometime between mid-April and May.


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Wednesday, 3 April 2013
Scrapfriends Sketch challenge 12 - Far far away
I created this layout from the Scrapfriends April sketch challenge shown below:
Something about the far far away background reminded me of the diagonal effect from the sketch. So I added a castle photo and was on my way! Because of the difficulty working with 'pretty' backgrounds I replaced the patterned paper elements with some horizontal stripes in matching colours, and used the embellishments to represent the diagonal. For the string I used some soft netting to emulate the fairy tale feeling, although it cant be seen in the main photo unfortunately...
Im pretty happy that Ive accomplished the 'fairy tale' effect I wanted in this layout!
Materials used include:
Once upon a time stack by DCWV
Kaisercraft sweet nothings paper pad 6.5"
Graphic 45 ribbon
Ruby rock it netting
Tattered angels glimmer mist
Bella bling crown
FABSCRAPS burlesque paper stack
Posted by Jay Kosta at 19:03
2 comments:
this is awesome... i can see the string in the detailed shot... thats wonderful ... love your title work too... thanks for playing at SF!ReplyDelete
This is really neat - LOVE how you've adapted the sketch....those colours & the subtle background effect...YUM!!! So glad you joined us at Scrap Friends this month:):)!!!!!!!ReplyDelete
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Hernando County Animal Services offers summer sales on dogs and cats! | Families
Hernando County, Florida--Hernando County Animal Services is offering amazing savings on pet adoptions for the remainder of the summer.
According to their website, their "cool cats" summer sale offers locals $10 off the pet adoption fee. Call a kitten yours for just $30, or adopt an adult for just $10!
They're also offering a "Dog Days of Summer" deal that gives locals $25 off of the pet adoption fee, while some pups are even free!
Click here to find out more, or call Animal Services at (352) 796-5062.
The Hernando County Animal Services facility is located at 19450 Oliver St., Brooksville, FL 34601. They are open Tuesday through Friday
from 9:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., and on Saturday from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. They are closed on Sundays and Mondays.


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Even though I left last night's PTA meeting feeling pretty good about the future of our little school, there were three bits of business that troubled me. Actually, they made me pretty angry.
First, our school's commercial-grade dishwasher has been "condemned" by the district. Apparently it was original to the school when it was built in 1950-something and has broken to the point where it cannot be repaired. So does the district install a new dishwasher? No. There is apparently some obscure ratio of students/teachers/staff that decides whether a school NEEDS a dishwasher, and our school doesn't have the right ratio. Instead, the kids eat off Styrofoam trays that release all sorts of fun chemicals and MELT when hot food is put on them. Each day the school uses enough trays to fill a dumpster and then pays $100 per day to get the dumpster emptied. Because all that is apparently better than buying a new dishwasher. So the PTA and the soon-to-be-formed environmental club are going to research the cost of a new dishwasher and the cost of hiring someone to wash the dishes and see if the PTA can donate the money to the school.
Second, the school's photocopier can't keep up with the demand. The school doesn't have the money for a second one, so the PTA is looking into leasing one for the school, at a cost of $6,000 for two years. This started a bit of a commotion at the meeting, because some man kept yammering about how he works with copiers all the time and knows how we can get one cheaper. Nevermind that the PTA has to go through the district's leasing office to get the copier. The guy wouldn't let it go until the treasurer, the divine Lisa R, asked him he'd like to make a motion to research copier leases. He said no. As is typical with those kinds of folks, when it was time to put up or shut up, he shut up. Too bad he had to annoy everyone and slow down the meeting first.
Third, the PTA donated $50 to each classroom for school supplies. It's great that the PTA did this, it really is. But I'm upset because I know that $50 doesn't even begin to cover what the teachers use in the classroom and because I know that the teachers will each still spend hundreds out of pocket to buy stuff.
All of these things made me angry because they proved yet again how low a priority our local, state and federal governments put on education. It is beyond ridiculous that the school district hasn't replaced the dishwasher in the school. Raising funds for a dishwasher should not have to fall to the PTA. It is insane that the teachers all have to line up to use a copier that overheats and shuts off at about noon every day. Their alternative is to go to a copy shop and pay for copies out of pocket. And finally, teachers who barely get paid subsistence wages should not have to be shelling out their hard-earned money for classroom supplies. That is beyond wrong.
Our country is wasting flying spaghetti monster knows how much money in so many ways - the quagmire in Iraq springs to mind as one example - but our schools go lacking for basics.
Last night's meeting was enough to get me pretty riled up. I've now volunteered to handle the e-mail newsletter, monthly print newsletter, and PTA Web site and coordinate the spring book fair. I realized that instead of shaking my fist and railing about our president and the wrongs he's committed, I can instead actually do something to make one part of my world a better place - and I'm picking our school.


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IT WAS wonderful to see an England rugby league side turn on the style in an international – but a bit of perspective needs to be retained.
The 30-10 win over the Exiles at Warrington's Halliwell Jones Stadium was easily the most convincing performance the home side has produced in this short-lived series, but to suggest that this means our World Cup chances have been meaningfully enhanced is a little optimistic.
Given that the Exiles had come out on top in 2011, by 16-12 at Headingley, and then on aggregate 42-38 over two games last year in St Helens and Huddersfield, to win in such an emphatic manner does point to distinct progress.
However, and this is not to decry the abilities of the Exiles team, these will not be the Australian or New Zealand players England will be facing come the World Cup in October and November.
Whichever way the Rugby Football League package things, the truth of the matter is that the World Cup final will be contested by either Australia, New Zealand or England – and it is the home nation who have the biggest task in ensuring they are involved on Saturday, November 30, at Old Trafford.
And remember this win was secured without the services of our own 'exiles', the likes of James Graham, the Burgess brothers and Gareth Widdop who are plying their trade in the NRL.
And if the current England side really are as impressive as some pundits reckoned after the win at Warrington, are our men from 'down under' a useful addition?


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Education Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Education and Social Innovation, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Community Outreach Coordinator, Southwestern Michigan College, Michigan, MI
Communications Coordinator - Imagining America, Syracuse, New York, NY
Associate Director of Advanced Distributed Learning Research & Development, University of Wisconsin – Extension, Chilton, WI
Assistant Dean for Extension Programs, Ohio University, Athens, OH
Associate Dir for Community Relations, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
Director of Strategic Sourcing, Houston Community College, Houston, TX
Associate Dean, Research, Funded Projects and Scholarly Activity, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
Jr/Asst Specialist, Director of Strategic Partnership & Community Engagement, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii
Extension Educator (several positions available), MSU Extension, Michigan State University
Specialist – Outreach/Director, MSU Museum, Michigan State University
Director of Operations for the Institute for Sustainable Energy, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT
Assistant/Associate Professor in Neighborhood and Community Development (Tenure-Track), Urban Studies Department, Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs, Cleveland State University
Dean of the College of Agricultural and Natural Sciences/Director of Cooperative Research and 1890 Administrator, Lincoln University, Jefferson City, MO
Dean, College of Education, Armstrong Atlantic State University, Savannah, GA
Program Advisor for the Office of Volunteer Programs - Illini Union, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Dean, School of Education, Roger Williams University, Bristol, RI
Community Development Extension Associate, South Dakota State University Extension
Assistant Professor Human Capital Development, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS
Small Business Specialist, SIU Carbondale Office of Economic and Regional Development, Illinois Small Business Development Center, Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Director of Psychological Services Center, Psychology and Counseling Department, Marywood University, Scranton, PA
Outreach Manager, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University
Extension Associate/Extension Associate Sr. - Director - HCD – NYC, Industrial and Labor Relations School, Cornell University


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Free and Reduced Meals
This program applies to both Breakfast and Lunch. Children from households that meet federal income guidelines are eligible for free meals or reduced price meals.
Families who may be eligible may apply for free or reduced priced meals; applications are available here on the website or in any school cafeteria.
Families are offered the convenience of prepaying for School Meal purchases; a check my be given to the School Nutrition Manager in your Child's School or mailed to Gates Chili School Nutrition Services, 2 Spartan Way, Rochester NY 14624 (Make Checks payable to Gates Chili School Nutrition.)
The application and the online link to Free and Reduced Meals will be available beginning in August of each school year.
Shared Files
Free and Reduced Application 2019-20
Free and Reduced Fact Sheet
Free and Reduced Parent Letter


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Brandt Snedeker backed up his opening-round 59 at Sedgefield CC in Greensboro with scores of 69, 68, and 65 to claim the Wyndham Championship title.
Snedeker's three-stroke win over Webb Simpson and C.T. Pan was the ninth of his PGA Tour career. For his trouble he took home 500 FedEx points and a winner's check for $1,080,000.
Here's a full list of the mostly Bridgestone gear he used to get the job done, including his old-school Odyssey White Hot XG Rossie mid-mallet putter:
Driver: Bridgestone Tour B JGR prototype (9.5°), with Graphite Design 6X shaft
Fairway Woods: TaylorMade M3 (15°, 19°), with Fujikura Pro Tour Spec shafts
Irons: Bridgestone J15 Cavity Back (4-9), with Aerotech Steelfiber i95 shafts
Wedges: Bridgestone J40 (48°), Bridgestone J15 (51°, 55°), Titleist Vokey Design prototype (60°), all with True Temper Dynamic Gold Tour Issue S400 shafts
Putter: Odyssey White Hot XG Rossie
Ball: Bridgestone Tour B X


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The Bay of Plenty - just as the name suggests, is the Bay of Plenty of exciting things to do and see! Explore one of North Island's most popular destinations, Mt Maunganui, Tauranga. Known for its beautiful stretches of beach, surrounding waterfalls, buzzing atmosphere and the breath-taking walk to the summit of Mount Maunganui. Whether you prefer to hit the beach or run/ bike a trail – this tour is for you!
The Beautiful Bay of Plenty Tour can be altered in any way to fit your needs!
Please be aware that this is a booking request. We will be in touch as soon as possible following your booking time to confirm your tour. This is to allow for customisations and ensuring you get the best out of your desired tour.
After we have confirmed your booking, we also confirm a final tour price. This can be paid in-person or simply by bank transfer. We will take away the $5.00 booking fee which you have paid to make this booking.
What You'll Get
This is a typical itinerary for this product
Stop At: Mount Maunganui, Mount Maunganui, Tauranga, Bay of Plenty Region, North Island
Visit the vibrant town situated right on the beautiful Mount Maunganui Beach! Get amongst the various water activities or land activities!
Duration: 3 hours
Stop At: Mount Maunganui Summit Track, Adams Ave, Mount Maunganui, Tauranga 3116 New Zealand
Summit Mount Maunganui and be treated with amazing 360 views of the Beautiful Bay of Plenty!
Duration: 2 hours
Additional Information
- Confirmation will be received at time of booking, unless booked within 1 day of travel. In this case confirmation will be received as soon as possible, subject to availability
- Infants must sit on laps
- Infant seats available
- Not wheelchair accessible
- Travelers should have a moderate physical fitness level
- This experience requires good weather. If it's canceled due to poor weather, you'll be offered a different date or a full refund
- This is a private tour/activity. Only your group will participate
- Air-conditioned vehicle
- Private transportation
Departure Point
Auckland, New Zealand
Traveler pickup is offered
We can do pick-up from any accommodation in Auckland, or even from the airport! Just let us know.
- Auckland Intl Airport, Auckland Central, Auckland New Zealand
Departure Time
Suppliers and travelers coordinate start times within the given time periods. 11/8/2019 - 11/11/2021
|Monday - Sunday:
10 to 12 hours
Return Details
Returns to original departure point
Voucher Info
You can present either a paper or an electronic voucher for this activity.
The tour identified in this promotion is made available through Viator. Groupon is not affiliated with or sponsored by the Auckland Tour House in connection with this deal. Please contact Groupon customer service for all inquiries related to this offer. Inquiries placed to Viator will be directed back to Groupon.
This offer is not eligible for promo codes.


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2 Day Film Making Course For Adults at Phoenix Square - Large Scale News
|2 Day Film Making Course For Adults at Phoenix Square
|Tue, Sep 6, 2011
|Film Making Boot Camp is an engaging 2 day film making workshop at Phoenix
Square Digital Media Centre, with award winning film maker Steve
Friendship. The Course is for beginners or anyone who would like to improve their film
making skills.
We will cover aspects of camera use, editing and will make a short film in groups. You will have the opportunity to use the local area as a backdrop for your film. Whilst there is a general plan, the exact content depends on the course participants, their skill level, and what they want to learn. We can talk on Large Scale's facebook page, on Friday 7th or on the day of the courses, to work out the exact details.
Course Dates: Saturday 8th and Sunday 9th October the course will run from 10am - 4pm.You are invited on Friday 7th October at 6.30 – 8.00pm to meet the tutor and other participants for a drink at Phoenix Square Screen Lounge.
Enrolment: www.lasals.co.uk (when searching the course make Film Making two words)
Large Scale will provide cameras and edit systems, however if you would like to learn with your own camera, please bring it along, though make sure your batteries are charged and you have an AV lead.
The course is in partnership with Leicester Adult Skills And Learning Service (Adult Education for those who are a little older!) and Phoenix Square. We will be offering future courses on 10/11th 2012 March and 16/17th June 2012, which could be an opportunity to further develop your skills.
Below is a movie featuring previous participants and what they thought of the course.


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Earth Day & The Naming of Mala Earth April 22 2015
Earth Day Inspiration | "In every walk with nature one receives far more than he seeks" John Muir ॐ
Did you know that 'Mala Earth' is a play on the words 'Mother Earth'? We felt it fitting to share this little 'insider tidbit' seeing as we have just celebrated Earth Day!
All of our Semi-precious Gemstones, Rudraksha's and Rudraini Seeds come from this magnificent planet and we honor it's limited resources and are committed to using more natural seeds and a limited amount of gemstones in our jewellery designs. Seeds are abundant and will always continue to grow on trees, we need more trees to help the planet breath, and we love trees because they are sustainable! We are also deeply connected to our gemstones but we know these are a finite resource so we need to incorporate these mindfully in our pieces...
We are all about sharing how our designs are developed and carefully considered so you can choose to consciously spend your money with companies who you love and respect, and who are committed to taking care of Mother Earth and her resources ♡
A wonderful Mala for Earth Day is our Earth Mala with Rainforest Jasper, which is a stone is quite literally of this earth! This is a powerful piece representing our magnificent and majestic planet. How fortunate we are to be sharing this land and these oceans at this time in our lives.


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1980s Vintage Chanel CC Logo Pendant
The most desired label in the world. Gold plated chunky chain with large spring ring closure. Features statement CC outlined logo cut-out pendant. Features Chanel authenticity mark. Gentle wear to the back of the bale but not affect the appearance when worn.
Gold plate, 50 cm with 5 cm pendant
The legendary Coco Chanel was a champion of costume jewellery, mixing fine and costume pieces together. Chanel jewellery, generally bold in design, gold plated with distinctive colouring.
- Free Standard Shipping - Orders of £50 and over
Free UK Next Day Delivery - Orders of £200 and over (place order before 2pm)
Standard Shipping - £4.95
Next Day Delivery - £7.95
Guaranteed Saturday Delivery - £13.95
DHL International Delivery (2-3 working days) - £23.95
We hope you are pleased with your purchase but should you wish to return it you must return to us within 28 days of the date of delivery.Susan Caplan offers a guarantee on each piece of jewellery.
Every item is guaranteed for 12 months from original purchase date (under normal conditions of wear and tear).
Please note that we cannot guarantee items that have not been cared for under our product care instructions.
Found out more info about returns & jewellery care.
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Please call us on 0207 424 7809 if you would like to speak to one of the team.
Our opening times are between 9.30am to 5.00pm (Monday – Friday).


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Cogman, one of the three main screenwriters for Game of Thrones, will be joining the Amazon show as either a director or a consultant: his job on GOT was to ensure that the show remained as faithful to the George R.R. Martin novels as possible. Whether this is good news or not remains to be seen - I've seen both positive and negative reactions to the news, with some saying his fantasy-loremaster status ensures that the show will have a purist tone, and some noting that Cogman diverged from the Martin novels in a controversial Game of Thrones episode featuring a brutal rape scene.
https://www.cinemablend.com/television/ ... hrones-vet