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Is My Child Lying?
You were convinced that you found an ideal secret hiding place for candies and you were about to take the daily dose for your little chocolate ''exterminator''.
Surprisingly, the supplies are missing and you find out that they were given to a hungry cat because your kid felt sorry for the poor animal.
While the kid is telling you the detailed story of what happened, you are looking at ''proof'' tainted all over his face and clothes, and you are surprised because the child lies with so much self-confidence, without a blink of an eye. Don't despair, because all children experiment by twisting the truth. The more intelligent the child, the greater the number of invented stories. The severity of a lie depends on the motive behind the untruth, the age of the child and the rules of behaviour you set in terms of family.
Children start inventing things ever since the age of two, and in the fifth year of life, their imagination is so intensive that they sometimes cannot differentiate reality from fantasy. Sometimes, twisting the truth is the result of hidden desires, therefore, if your four-year-old child brings a toy from kindergarten, saying that the governess approved of it, don't proclaim the child a liar because the kid convinced himself that it actually happened, and all out of a burning desire to have that particular toy.
Many times children lie to stay out of trouble. The worst thing in a situation like this, is to punish your child, to lecture him or to accuse him of lying, which can deepen the fear and motivate the child to invent even more incredible stories. On the other hand, if you don't react in time and you ''close your eyes'' in front of tiny little untruths, there is a great danger that lying later in life, becomes a habit. Start explaining to your child in due time, that even when he or she wants something really, really bad (whether it's visiting Spiderman or going to Disneyland), it cannot always become a reality.
When telling a story to your child, make sure you emphasize the difference between reality and the events in the story, but pay attention not to soffocate the child's imagination as it is a great teacher, just to justify the fact of not writing his or her homework. The child can tell you it drove basis for developing creativity.
Around the age of six, children realize that lying is bad, but this doesn't stop them to use untruth in order to solve a problem or avoid a punsihment. In this life period, the child plans and enriches its repertoire of false excuses, and it will try to ''sell'' the story about being ill to the a bike ''a hundred miles an hour'' to prove himself or to raise self-esteem between its coevals.
Why does my child lie?
White lies
In order to guide the little Pinochio to the truth, you will make an example by always keeping your promises and you will never lie.
''White lies'' are untruths said in order to avoid hurting somebody or to protect oneself. When you are teaching your child to be truly honest, make sure to explain that it isn't nice to say ''Oh, your face is so wrinkled!'' to grandma or ''You're so fat!'' to the nice lady selling ice-cream, or to turn off an invitation from a friend by saying: ''You're boring, and I won't come cause I don't like you.'' You can practice games together by ''play pretending'' in which the child can learn what to say in a given situation.
Text in this article about children lying is written and partly translated from an article by doctor P.R. in The People's Health Magazine issued in 2009: Rijeka, No. 598-599. No plagiarism, please!
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I apologize to you my friend! When I saw your comment on my hub today I realized that I hadn't commented for quite some time on your hubs. Part of the problem is that I'm not getting notified for every hub that I follow, so some people seem to fall between the Hub cracks. It was not intentional on my part and I'm glad you commented so I could get a wake up call.
I love this hub! As a former teacher and single parent I could write a book about the lies I have heard from my son and my students. I never got mad because, quite frankly, when I was a kid I could lie with the best of them. :) I would usually walk them through the lie and point out the problems associated with that lie....in other words, lay out the proof and then sit back and enjoy the show.
You did a great job of writing this hub; thank you!
Very good article to read!
Thanks for this Hub! I don't think I caould ever raise a child effectively. Parents have an experience that leads to a different sort of maturity and worldview than us singles. I applaud their work in childraising. Rated up!
Terrific advice and suggestion for parents. If only we can get the ones who really need it to read. You are right about practicing what you will say to the child. If you say it out loud you can correct your mistakes.
Excelent suggestions for parents, I like it when you say that you can practice what to say on situations together with your child, Thanks, Maita
Setting a good example for your children is definitely the best way teach them not to lie. Your hub offers very good suggestions for parents.


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SIDMA College, UNITAR International University Sabah, through its Student Affairs and Development (STAD) held an Oath-taking Ceremony for all its new students joining the college. The ceremonial event held on 11 October 2017 at the Kadazandusun Cultural Association Unity Hall (Hongkod Koisaan), Penampang was to enable the more than 600 new students joining SIDMA College UNITAR Sabah during Semester June and October 2017 to formally promise and pledge the oath script to commit themselves to the ethical practices, be active and responsible students, and to abide to all the rules and regulations of the college and the university, as well as to instil a culture of excellence among these students.
During the ceremony, new students Aizat bin Jaumin and Siti Nasihah binti Jasni headed the Oath-taking ceremony and accompanied by all the new students. Their pledge was read before Honourable Dr Hajah Ananglangka Binti Mad Kassim (Guest of Honour), Dr Morni Hj Kambrie (Founder and Chairman SIDMA College), Madam Azlina Ngatimin (Director, Corporate Relations and Business Development), Madam Azizah Khalid Merican (CEO), Heads of Departments, Lecturers and staff of SIDMA College and UNITAR Sabah Regional Centre.
Dr Hajah Ananglangka, an educationist by profession before her retirement from the Ministry of Education; holds a Bachelor Degree in Education (Guidance and Counselling) from Universiti Putra Malaysia, Master of Psychology Counselling and also PhD in Psychology from Universiti Malaysia Sabah. During her officiating address, she congratulated the new students on their successful admission into SIDMA College UNITAR Sabah; and reminded them that they should be grateful that they are here today. Some of their unfortunate school and class mates are still in the kampong and have yet to further their studies to fulfil their dream goal.
She reminded the students to uphold their principles and philosophies that they too can learn and achieve success in future via SIDMA College UNITAR Sabah. She also shared that students should value their learning at the College and should start to excel since the first semester. A student can get a pass in subjects but only with consistent effort given that will produce the best result and ultimately achieving their ultimate goals.
Earlier, Dr Morni in his welcoming address thanked Dr Hajah Ananglangka for her continuous passion and efforts with youth, and willing to be in this SIDMA special event despite her busy schedule and was even in Sandakan the day before.
He congratulated the students for choosing SIDMA College UNITAR Sabah to further their tertiary education. "We are very excited and proud of you joining the college, and we, the staff of the college will do our very best to assist throughout your study in the college. I want you to know that the entire college staff is here to support, facilitate, and encourage each and every one of you as you commit yourself to study with us" he added.
During the same ceremony, nine student receive their Certificate of Academic Excellence due to their result where all of them get CGPA of more than 3.75 and above. The list of students that receive the said award are:
- Malisa binti Goudi
- Marlaleez Lisamary Marten
- Nor Fazira Naz Rayu binti Ruhilin
- Maybelline Megan Yau Chui Wen
- Adlind Anak Alu
- Nena binti Muijan
- Nur Shasyera binti Kumar
- Sheira Peru
- Finolla Lausok
SIDMA College, since its establishment in Kota Kinabalu in 2002 has been working very closely with UNITAR International University Main Campus, Kelana Jaya, Selangor, a university with its strong and significant network of academic collaborations with both the academic and corporate as well as industrial partners around the region to offer affordable and demanded study programmes which are professionally aligned with the requirement of these major industrial players both nationally as well as internationally. The college prosper jubilantly over the years, and rapidly emerged as the first and largest regional centre in Malaysia running UNITAR programmes, in addition to its home grown academic programmes.
Currently SIDMA College, in its vibrant and dynamic environment and being equipped with the latest technical infrastructure, strives to give the best conducive atmosphere for the students by adopting and focusing on blended teaching and learning; a hybrid teaching and learning model that combines both the conventional face-to-face lectures with tutors and lecturers in the classrooms and the internet-based support system which provide continuous interactions among students, tutors and lecturers nationwide; as well as ensuring these students being immersed in conducive environments to understand, reflect and implement theories learned in the classroom into the real world working experience during their interns (practicum), thus producing marketable and relevant workforce much needed for the 21st century.
Being in its 15th year of success, SIDMA College UNITAR Sabah has produced marketable and promising graduates who are currently holding respectable posts / careers in various fields, both in the public and private sectors throughout the country.
Dr Morni also reminded the students to manage and put to good use on all facilities provided to them during their study here, including financial assistance such as PTPTN loan. He reminded students that if they failed to manage their personal resources such as time and financial status properly, it can affect their concentration, thus will have a negative impact on their studies and this means compromising their commitment to excellence in their studies. During their study here, Dr Morni also encouraged these students to contribute their time and talent by being active in community services, organisations and clubs, athletics as well as other important activities.
The Chairman also reassured the students that their welfare and future are in good hands, and encouraged the students to do their part by showing full commitment, discipline in their studies in order to be able to materialize their dream future. He also stressed that the staff at the college is ever willing to assist them in their studies, and students experiencing problems particularly in their studies should approach the Academic Counsellor or their lecturers for assistance and guidance.
List of Academic Programmes offered at SIDMA College UNITAR Sabah for 2017/2018:
|Foundation Programme:
Diploma Courses:
Bachelor's Degree Courses:
Master's Courses:
For more information about courses offered at SIDMA College UNITAR Sabah, you may browse SIDMA College Website, or like our Facebook Account: SIDMA College. Potential candidates can visit us at SIDMA College UNITAR Sabah, Jalan Bundusan, 88300 Kota Kinabalu, or call the hotline number: 088-732 000 or 088-732 020.
Online registration is available. Please CLICK HERE.
By Teo Eng Seng and Zain Azrai Bin Mohd Noor,
SIDMA College UNITAR Sabah,

subset: commoncrawl


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In my previous installment of the story of Copenhagen's life, I wrote about the chestnut stallion's service during the Waterloo campaign. He had just retired for the night in the stable of the little inn at Waterloo, his rider to his room upstairs. The battle was won, the war was over, but there was much work yet for his master to do.
Copenhagen passed a short, if undisturbed night after the battle, but the Duke was awoken at about 3:00am with the news that his aide-de-camp and very good friend, Colonel Sir Alexander Gordon, had just died. Dr. Hume, who had awakened him with the news, then read him the most recent list of the casualties, reporting that Wellington wept to hear it. "Well, thank God, I don't know what it is to loose a battle; but certainly nothing can be more painful than to gain one with the loss of so many of one's friends." The Duke, who had not taken the time to wash before laying down on his camp bed after a late supper, washed, shaved and changed his clothes. Then, he sat down and began to write the document which would become the famous, if controversial, Waterloo Dispatch.
To the victor go the naming rights. By military convention, the name of a battle was typically the name of the headquarters of the victorious general. If Napoleon had won, he would most likely have called it the battle of La Belle-Alliance. Wellington briefly considered calling it the battle of Mont Saint-Jean, but perhaps on further consideration of how the English would maul the name by mispronunciation, he chose to use the name of the small village in which he was headquartered those last two days. Thus, we all know that fierce fight for the freedom of Europe as the "Battle of Waterloo." Wellington began his dispatch to Lord Bathurst, the British Minister of War, in the pre-dawn hours after he had been informed of Gordon's death. After a couple of hours work, he had breakfast, packed and called for Copenhagen. It was a warm day and he wanted to get an early start back to Brussels. They arrived in Brussels later that morning, Copenhagen going to a stall in the stable, out of the heat. Wellington went up to his hotel room, opened some windows to catch a breeze and settled down to finish his dispatch to Bathurst. When it was complete, he entrusted its delivery to Henry Percy, one of his very few aides-de-camp to survive the battle without a serious wound. Percy folded the dispatch and put it inside the purple velvet sachet given to him by one of his dancing partners at the Duchess of Richmond's ball. He left for England very early the next morning.
While Copenhagen was probably lying down in his cool stall, munching corn, his master next turned his attention to the care of the wounded. He demanded that every available doctor work as many hours as necessary to care for all those who had need of their services. The Duke visited as many of the wounded as he could the day after the battle. He also set in train arrangements for their long-term care and housing. The next day, once again astride Copenhagen, he rode back to Mont Saint-Jean to give orders for the burial of the many dead, both men and horses. Later that day, to his left, he rode past the elm tree which had been his command post, galloping off to join his army at Nivelles. It was time to complete Bonaparte's overthrow. The next day, Wednesday, 21 June 1815, Wellington and his army crossed the border into France at Malplaquet. It is of interest to note that this was the date on which Wellington had planned to give a ball in Brussels, since all the military intelligence he had before 15 June indicated that Napoleon would not invade Belgium before July. Instead, the Duke spent the day subduing a few of the French fortresses in which Napoleon's troops were still holding out.
By 3 July 1815, with Napoleon flown to the French coast, Paris surrendered to the Allied forces. It took a few days to ensure all was in readiness for the arrival of Louis XVIII, who was once again to be restored to the French throne. After the Duke prevented Blücher from blowing up a bridge which had been named for the battle of Jena, in which the Prussian army had been badly beaten and Prussia itself subjugated to Napoleon's empire, the official entry into the city of the victorious generals and the Allied leaders took place on Friday, 7 July 1815. Both the Russian and Austrian emperors entered the city with great pomp, each mounted on a white charger, wearing brightly colored uniforms encrusted with gold braid, their hats sporting plumes and feathers and their chests covered with their many jewelled insignias and badges of office. But there was no white charger for Wellington on this occasion. This time, he entered Paris mounted on Copenhagen, wearing a plain red coat, one star and no feathers. Yet as he passed, "Vive Villianton!" was loudly shouted by those standing along the route. A much more enthusiastic welcome than they showed their own returning king the following day. Louis XVIII entered Paris the next day, 8 July 1815. The French king was a bit of a disappointment to his subjects, entering the city dressed like an English country gentleman, rather a letdown after the splendid display by the Allied leaders and their generals. Louis had traveled from his refuge in Ghent behind Wellington's army en route to Paris and one French wag had it that the fat old king was nothing more than Wellington's baggage.
Copenhagen remained in Paris with Wellington. On 12 July 1815, the Paris Peace Conference began. The Duke and Lord Castlereagh were the British delegates to the conference. The political challenges were extremely complex, leaving the Duke much less time for his favorite sport of hunting. For that reason, Copenhagen did not take his exercise with his master as often as he had when they had been in Paris before Waterloo. Which is not to say he got no exercise. After his valiant service at Waterloo, there were even more ladies who petitioned Monsieur Villianton for a ride on his now even more famous war horse. But this time, it was not just French ladies who were eager for a ride on Copenhagen. Once the news of the victory was known across the Channel, the English flocked to the battlefield and most came on to Paris. Many of those English ladies were also eager for a ride on the famous chestnut stallion, particularly if that ride was supervised by their hero. Though married, the beautiful Lady Frances Shelley, who had a great tendré for the Duke, often asked to ride Copenhagen, though she found him quite a handful, and always wanted Wellington close at hand when she was in the saddle. She told a friend that she found the chestnut stallion " … the most difficult to sit of any horse she had ever ridden." She confided to her diary that "… if the Duke had not been there, I should have been frightened." One day, when Copenhagen was more fractious than usual, he said to her, "I believe you think the glory greater than the pleasure of riding him!" As before, even after his wife and sons returned to Paris in October of 1815, ladies continued to request rides on Copenhagen. The Duchess had departed for England that spring, almost as soon as the news had reached Paris that Napoleon had left Elba. She did not travel back to France until she was certain it was once again entirely safe. The Duchess was quite fond of Copenhagen, who was remarkably calm and gentle with her, and she often visited him in the stables. The boys were allowed to accompany their mother to the stables to visit their father's war horse, but they were forbidden to ride him.
In October of 1815, His Grace the Duke of Wellington was made Commander-in-Chief of the British Army of Occupation. In late 1815 or early 1816, Wellington leased a country house in Mont Saint-Martin. It was about a dozen miles from his official headquarters for the Army of Occupation, located at Cambrai. Mont Saint-Martin was much more convenient for him, since he was spending more time at his Cambrai headquarters than he was in Paris. He knew his boys would also be happier in the county than in the city. So would Copenhagen, whom Wellington had brought out from Paris. Shortly thereafter, as he had done in Spain, the Duke had his brother-in-law, Culling Charles Smith, send him over a pack of hounds from England along with a pair of spaniels, as well as a few other animals, including stags and hinds to roam the grounds of Mont Saint-Jean. Occasionally, the Duke even had a wild boar brought in for a special hunt, something he had enjoyed in Spain. He did decline the offer of a wolf, however, as he thought it would not be popular with his neighbors. One suspects Copenhagen would not have been pleased to share the estate with a wolf.
The Treaty of Paris was signed on 20 November 1815, bringing to a close the Duke's duties as a peace negotiator. His military responsibilities were settling into something of a routine, so that he was spending more time at his Cambrai headquarters than in Paris. Wellington began to host house parties at his country estate, and many of those were hunting parties, usually riding to hounds. A number of lively young ladies routinely attended these house parties, adding a great deal of sparkle to the festivities. Lady Georgiana Lennox, (who married General William FitzGerald-de Ros, in 1824) was the third daughter of the Duke of Richmond, whose Duchess gave that famous ball in Brussels. Lady Georgiana and her parents were often invited to parties at Wellington's country house at Mont Saint-Martin. In a collection of her Reminiscences, published by her daughter after her death, Lady de Ros wrote:
I joined my parents at Cambrai for the years 1816 and 1817, and used to ride constantly with the Duke to the great [military] reviews. … We often stayed with the Duke at Abbaye, Mount St. Martin, Cambrai, and one morning he announced that there would be a sham battle, and that he had given orders to Sir George Scovell that the ladies riding should be taken prisoners, so he recommended our keeping close to him. I had no difficulty in doing so, as I was riding the Duke's Waterloo charger Copenhagen, and I found myself the only one within a square where they were firing. To the Duke's great amusement, we heard one of the soldiers saying to another, "Take care of that 'ere horse; he kicks out. We knew him well in Spain," pointing to Copenhagen! He was a most unpleasant horse to ride, but always snorted and neighed with pleasure at the sight of the troops. I was jumping a ditch with him one day when the stirrup broke, and I fell off. In the evening the Duke had a dance, and said to me, "Here's the heroine of the day! Got kicked off, and didn't mind it."
It should be kept in mind that when ladies rode Copenhagen, they would have done so on a side-saddle. No lady at this time would have considered riding a horse astride. Horses to be regularly ridden by ladies had to be specially trained to carry a side-saddle since the way the weight of the rider was distributed on their backs was different and side-saddles were larger and heavier than many of the saddles used by men. Some horses simply would not stand for a side-saddle and repeatedly bucked off anyone who tried to ride them with such a saddle. There is no record that Copenhagen ever deliberately bucked a lady off his back. However, not being used to the size and weight distribution of a rider on a side-saddle, he may well have moved differently when ridden with one, since he was used to the much smaller and lighter Hussar saddle which Wellington preferred. That may be why most ladies who did ride Copenhagen reported that he was difficult and uncomfortable to ride. But most of them endured it, as it meant they also had the attention of their hero, the Duke of Wellington.
As the Allied occupation of France dragged on, it became less and less popular with many of the French people. King Louis was frightened that there might be an uprising or an attack against him and implored Wellington to return to Paris. The British Ministry was concerned for the Duke's safety and ordered him to remain in Cambrai, where he was relatively safe. He ignored both of them and did his job when and where he judged it needed to be done. He ordered his officers to maintain very strict discipline, when it became known that many troops, particularly when inebriated, were often shouting Vive l'Empereur! in the streets, which offended the inhabitants. The Duke had an interestesing and fairly effective method of dealing with chronic drinkers; they were required to work very long days, doing all the drudge work for the benefit of those who regularly demonstrated good conduct. He also dealt with reports that the French contractors hired to support the occupying forces were supplying substandard provisions. He was determined that the British contingent would behave better than those of the other countries and he succeeded very well. Except on the first anniversary of Waterloo. On that day, liquor flowed liberally in all the barracks, where soldiers and officers alike each stood at their bedsteads, in unison raising, then banging them to the floor with all their strength, to simulate the canon fire of the battle. These barracks were too far from Copenhagen's stable at Mont Saint-Jean for him to hear the sounds of the simulated cannonade. He remembered the sounds of battle all his life, and was always ready to gallop into the thick of it.
In July of 1816, the Duke traveled to England with his Duchess and his two young sons, but Copenhagen remained in France. He made other brief trips to England over the course of the next couple of years to discuss the situation in France with English government officials, but Copenhagen continued to enjoy the rural pleasures of Mont Saint-Martin. In July of 1817, shortly after the second anniversary of Waterloo, a site for the "palace" the British government wished to give the Duke was finally located. In Hampshire, Strathfield Saye was one of the estates of Lord Rivers, which he offered for sale to the government as Wellington's new country estate. It was the most well-appointed of all the English estates which had been considered as the great gift to the Duke. It was also situated within easy reach of London, about forty-five miles southwest of the city. With Wellington's approval, the estate was purchased and presented to him at the end of the year. This gift would be as important to Copenhagen as it was to the Duke, if not more so.
By early 1818, Wellington began to spend much more time in Paris, as the Army of Occupation was soon to be withdrawn, and he had less need to be in Cambrai. There was an assassination attempt against him in Paris that February, but he down-played the danger and continued to meet all his responsibilities. The nervous British Ministry wanted to continue the occupation, which had originally been intended to run for five years. But Wellington flatly refused, saying it was an unnatural situation and the French must be allowed to govern and police themselves, which he believed they were quite ready to do. He was proved right, and by the end of 1818, the Army of Occupation was withdrawn and he was preparing to leave France and return permanently to England. This time, Copenhagen would go with him. It would be the first time in five years that the chestnut stallion had set his hooves on British soil. Fortunately for him, his voyage across the English Channel would be significantly shorter than had been his trip from England to Lisbon, when Sir Charles Stewart had shipped him to the Peninsula in 1813. This voyage would be made in mere hours, not weeks. There was another, even more significant difference between Copenhagen's channel crossing and the voyage which had taken him from England five years before. This time, he was not just another cavalry horse being shipped out to the Peninsula. On this brief passage, everything would be done to ensure his comfort. He was now Field-Marshal His Grace the Duke of Wellington's famous Waterloo charger, returning home to a hero's welcome.
And Copenhagen did indeed receive a hero's welcome in England. The English in the Regency were a nation of horse-lovers and, by the time the chestnut stallion returned to his homeland, the tale of his magnificent leap over the heads of the 92nd Highlanders at the Battle of Quatre Bras, which saved the Duke from the French, had been told and re-told across the land. He was also widely admired for his stamina and fortitude, for it was known by all that he had carried the victorious Wellington "from dawn to midnight" on the field of Waterloo. Very soon, the ladies of London began requesting, as had the ladies of Paris, a ride on the Duke of Wellington's brave and noble "charger." Many of these ladies wanted the privilege of a ride on the famous horse just as much as they wanted an opportunity to meet his owner. Some, among the horsier set, were actually even more enamored of Copenhagen than they were of his master, for he was a thoroughbred, descended from the legendary Eclipse. Certainly, the chestnut stallion did not lack for admirers after his return to England. In fact, it is a wonder his many admirers did not pluck the poor creature bald.
Acquiring and wearing locks of the hair of loved ones in some form of jewelry was very common in the Regency, as it had been for centuries before. It is not clear who first began the practice, but soon it was the fashion among the ladies of society to wear a piece of jewelery which included the hair from Copenhagen's mane or tail. Kitty, the Duchess of Wellington, may well have been the first. She was very fond of Copenhagen and is known to have often worn a bracelet braided from his hair in the years after Waterloo. She gave similar bracelets to a number of her friends. When Lady Shelley and her husband came to Mont Saint-Martin take their leave of Wellington, just prior to their departure from France, she requested, and was granted, a lock of both Wellington's hair, which the Duke allowed her to cut herself, and strands of hair from Copenhagen's mane and tail. Back in England, nearly every lady who had the opportunity to be in any proximity to the chestnut stallion, whether they ever rode him or not, requested hair from his mane, his tail, or both. Some who had never seen the horse, or even the Duke, wrote requesting Copenhagen's hair. So far as is known, the Duke never denied any such request. Some years after Copenhagen's death, Wellington remarked, " … half the fine ladies of my acquaintance have bracelets or lockets made from his mane or tail." One such fine lady very much wanted some of Copenhagen's hair, but was unwilling to make a personal request for it to Wellington. Perhaps she had had a disagreement with him, perhaps out of pride, not wishing to be seen as just another female clamoring for the hair of the famed war horse? We may never know the reason. But we do know that Sally, Lady Jersey, prominent leader of the ton, and a noted patroness of Almack's Assembly Rooms, bribed a groom to procure some hair from Copenhagen's tail for her on the sly. We also know that Lady Jersey had her illicitly-acquired hair woven into a bracelet which she had set with several colored gemstones. One can only wonder whether she ever wore her gem-studded horsehair bracelet in the presence of the Duke of Wellington, and if she did, did he notice it was made from the hair of his favorite war horse.
In London, Copenhagen found he had well-situated and well-appointed accommodations in his new home. Wellington had purchased Apsley House from his brother, Richard, Marquess Wellesley, who had run into financial difficulty. Situated near Hyde Park Corner, the mews were only a short distance from the east end of Rotten Row in Hyde Park. Green Park was even closer, and quickly became the Duke's favorite place to ride in London. The park itself had been closed to equestrians late in 1814, after the damage which had been caused by the crowds during the Peace Celebrations in the summer of that year. However, Wellington preferred to ride up Constitution Hill road, which ran between Green Park and the grounds of the Queen's House, as Buckingham Palace was then known, oftentimes continuing on for a turn through St. James's Park or riding up The Mall to the Horse Guards, before returning Copenhagen to the mews of Apsley House.
The victory at Waterloo had trumped his brothers's differences with Lord Liverpool, and in 1819, Wellington once again entered into English politics, when he was invited to join the Cabinet as Master-General of the Ordnance. During his tenure he did a good turn for all English cavalry horses, perhaps with his faithful Copenhagen in mind. He denied the purchase of an invention by Lieutenant Sibbald, a wooden framework with attached scythe blades which was to be mounted on each cavalry horse. The Duke's responsibilities were increasingly demanding, and he soon sent Copenhagen out to his new country estate of Strathfield Saye. One can only wonder what his noble war horse thought of the stables there, described as "pink-washed" and encrusted with many "rococo curves." But the stallion had the best paddock on the estate to himself, known as the Ice House Paddock. Here he could roam, graze or doze in dignified leisure, as he wished. But he was seldom alone. The Duchess lived almost exclusively at Strathfield Saye, and she visited him nearly every day, often bringing along bread or sponge cakes, of which he had become very fond. He quickly began to associate the arrival of ladies in his vicinity with the offering of sweet cakes, and soon the many ladies who still thronged to the Duke's estate to see him had made quite a pet of him. These ladies were all proud to ride him up and down one of the grassy terraces there to be able to boast they had been on his back. As he grew older, his temperament had mellowed and he tolerated these rides quite well. But he never forgot those years when he had galloped into battle as a soldier's horse.
The Duke often had guests to Strathfield Saye, and in the later years of Copenhagen's life, a number of those guests were accompanied by their children, who were always welcome. Many years later, one of those children told about a visit there, during which the Duke had organized a sham battle for the entertainment of his guests. There were several other children present, and all rode out on their ponies, in company with the Duke, astride Copenhagen. The Duke and his "junior officers" paused to watch the troops go through their maneuvers. Wellington dropped his reins onto his old war horse's neck, and said, "Now, you shall see where Copenhagen is accustomed to carry me." The mock battle began with an artillery volley and at the sound, Copenhagen threw up his head. At the next round he looked around him to get his bearings, and when the third volley was fired, he moved off at collected canter to the area of the field where the smoke was thickest. He still remembered where his master preferred to be when a battle was raging and carried him there without a second thought.
Once he had retired to Strathfield Saye, children were sometimes allowed to ride Copenhagen, but only with adult supervision. However, the Duchess, fond as she was of him, had forbidden her sons to ride the stallion, for fear they could not handle him and might be hurt. Many years after his parent's passing, Arthur, the Duke's eldest son, who as a boy had held the courtesy title of Marquess Douro, admitted he had not always respected his mother's wishes, the lure of the forbidden was too strong. After the family had moved out to Strathfield Saye, when he was a teenager, he had occasionally slipped out to Copenhagen's stable. There, when no one was around, he had surreptitiously saddled his father's war horse and ridden him around the estate. However, he never said what he thought about as he rode over the grounds of Strathfield Saye. Did he imagine himself at Waterloo, directing the battle as his father had done? Did he re-live the tales his father had told him of his victorious battles on the Peninsula? Or, did he picture himself with the emperors of Austria and Russia, riding triumphantly into Paris? Regardless of the private daydreams the teenage boy wove for himself, there is no doubt the young Douro thoroughly enjoyed his clandestine adventures on his father's chestnut charger.
The death of George III made the Prince Regent the new king, George IV. At the grand coronation ceremonies for the new king, held at Westminster Abbey on 19 July 1821, the Duke of Wellington officiated as Lord High Constable of England. His duties required that he ride on horseback up Westminster Hall, accompanied by the Earl Marshall and the Lord High Steward. Copenhagen did not carry the Duke on this occasion, as tradition required the Lord High Constable ride a white horse. In addition, at some points in the ceremony the horse must back up, not something Copenhagen had much experience in doing. Wellington rode a white Arabian that had been specially trained to back up, though he did balk a couple of times, giving the Duke a few tense moments.
Copenhagen would make one more official public appearance in London. In 1828, his master had become Prime Minister of England and brought his old war horse out of retirement and up to London. The Duke rode the chestnut stallion from Apsley House along their old familiar route of Constitution Hill, through St. James's Park and on to No. 10 Downing Street on the day he officially took up his new position of leadership in the government. Perhaps he had chosen to ride Copenhagen that day because he knew he would be facing a battle just as tough, if not more so, than any of the battles they had faced together, and he was glad to have his loyal old friend with him as he proceeded into the political fray. Or, perhaps he rode Copenhagen, on whom he had ridden to victory at Waterloo, to send a message to the country that he was willing and able to continue to fight for Britain as the leader of the government. Whatever his reasons may have been, many people along the route cheered the pair of Waterloo victors as they passed by.
Copenhagen returned to Strathfield Saye after his ride to Downing Street, where he would remain in retirement for the rest of his life, his most demanding duty to provide occasional rides for the Duke's young grandchildren. There were rumors that Wellington had bred him, but there are no records of Copenhagen standing at stud, which there should have been, since he was registered as a thoroughbred in the General Stud Book of England. There are also no records of any offspring of the chestnut stallion, either official or unofficial. The Duke always visited his favorite war horse whenever he was at Strathfield Saye, often taking him some sweet treat, as Copenhagen had developed quite a sweet tooth as he got older. In fact, it became the Duke's habit to walk out to Copenhagen's paddock to spend a few minutes with him, as one of the last things he did any time he had to leave the estate.
As he got older, Copenhagen gradually became both deaf and blind, but he was well-cared for and everything possible was done for his comfort. He lived to the rather advanced age of 28 years. Copenhagen died on Friday, 12 February 1836, in his stall in the stables at Strathfield Saye. The Duke was away on business, but returned as soon as word reached him. Wellington went out to the stables early in the morning to have one last look at his old friend. He flew into a fiery rage when he saw that his right forefoot was missing. A servant had cut the hoof off as a souvenir, not thinking the Duke would bother about the old war horse's passing, certainly never expecting he would return home to see him laid to rest. Terrified by the Duke's anger, the servant hid the hoof, and finally returned it to the second duke thirty years later. The second duke had it made into an inkstand.
Copenhagen was buried in the Ice House Paddock where he had spent his retirement at Strathfield Saye. As befitted a courageous and valiant war horse, by order of the Duke, he was buried will full military honors, including a salute fired over his grave after a brief service. However, Wellington did not allow the grave to be marked, in order to protect Copenhagen's remains from any other souvenir hunters. In fact, shortly after Copenhagen's death, the secretary of the United Services Museum approached him about disinterring the horse's remains, because they wanted his skeleton to place in exhibition as a companion to the skeleton of Marengo. The famous grey Arabian, Napoleon's mount at Waterloo, had been captured after the battle and brought back to England. He had died in 1831, and his body had been given to the museum where his skeleton, also missing a hoof, which had been made into a snuff box, had been put on display. Wellington had no intention of allowing any further desecration of the remains of his loyal horse and thwarted the plan by saying that he was not sure where Copenhagen had been buried. He told them he would look into the matter and let them know when he had located the grave. They never heard back from him. He wished to let his old friend rest in peace in his paddock at Strathfield Saye.
In 1846, the largest equestrian statue ever created in Britain to that time, was placed atop the triumphal arch which had been erected just opposite Apsley House, at Hyde Park Corner. The arch had been designed by Decimus Burton. It had been Burton's intent to place a sculpture of a chariot pulled by four horses at the summit of his arch. But before that could be accomplished, a committee which wished to honor the Duke of Wellington proposed that the sculpture placed on the arch should be that of the hero of Waterloo and his famous charger. Despite Burton's objections, this plan was approved. Matthew Cotes Wyatt was given the task of designing and casting this great monument from the French cannon which had been captured at Waterloo. In 1840, the Duke sat for Wyatt's son, James, who did the modelling work. Since Copenhagen had already passed away, a mare named Rosemary, who the Duke said looked a bit like the chestnut stallion, was used as a model. Many of his friends privately disagreed, and when the statue was completed, Lord Strangford suggested that the best place for it was the bed of the Serpentine. However, Wellington himself thought it was a good likeness and he very much liked having it outside his London home. Shortly before his own death, the second duke told a friend that he had gone with Sir Edwin Landseer, who had painted Copenhagen several times, to the foundry to see the model. Sir Edwin had said he thought it was a good likeness and the second duke, who had known the chestnut stallion for much of his life, agreed.
The original placement of the statue of Wellington astride Copenhagen was on what was then known as Constitution Arch. As far as the Duke, or even Copenhagen, had he known of it, was concerned, the placement was perfect, as it was at the west end of Constitution Hill, the favorite route which the pair had taken on their almost daily rides while the chestnut stallion was resident in the Apsley House mews. In fact, until just a few days before his own death, the Duke of Wellington could be seen, nearly every day that he was in London, riding out from Apsley House, past the arch and along Constitution Hill. Queen Victoria thought the statue was an eyesore, impeding her view of the London skyline from Buckingham Palace. Many others considered it out of proportion to the arch which supported it. But Wellington was well into his seventies by this time, and a much beloved figure in Britain, so the statue remained in place on the arch for the rest of his life.
In 1882, the Wellington Arch had to be moved when the roads in the area were widened due to extreme traffic congestion. The statue of the Duke and Copenhagen was removed and placed in Green Park while a decision was made as to what to do with it. There were those who thought it should be melted down, but the then Prince of Wales, the future Edward VII, thought it should be moved to Aldershot, a military town which had become known as the Home of the British Army. Both the Army, who still revered Wellington, and Parliament, agreed to the move. On 19 August 1885, the statue was officially transferred to the care of the British Army, where it was placed on Round Hill, near the Royal Garrison Church. In a sense, Wellington and Copenhagen had come home, as Aldershot is located in Hampshire, less than fifteen miles southeast of Strathfield Saye.
In 1843, Mrs. Apostles, who had been the house-keeper at Strathfield Saye for twenty-years, had planted an acorn near Copenhagen's grave in the Ice House Paddock. In time, it grew into a great Turkey Oak, which shaded the gravesite and much of the area around it. Some years after the Duke died, in 1852, his son, the second Duke of Wellington, placed a simple white marble tombstone under the spreading Turkey Oak which shaded Copenhagen's grave. There were two inscriptions on the stone, the first written by the second duke:
The charger ridden by
the Duke of Wellington
The entire day at the
Battle of Waterloo.
Born 1808, Died 1836.
The second epitaph was a couplet written by the English poet and sportsman, Rowland Egerton-Warburton, at the request of the second duke:
Should share the glory of that glorious day.
In 1890, the British military authorities organized a major exhibition of their then modern military technology as well as a large collection of artifacts from its history. The exhibition was held in a number of the buildings at the Royal Military Hospital in Chelsea, and was open from mid-May into October of 1890. Included among the most prized items on exhibition was the cloak and sword which the Duke of Wellington had worn at Waterloo, portraits of both the Duke and Copenhagen, and the bridle with the snaffle-ring bit which the chestnut stallion had worn at Waterloo. And yet, within five years a controversy would swirl among scholars of the Napoleonic wars as to the true color of Wellington's favorite war horse. This controversy was soon playing out with the general public as well. Was the famous charger a chestnut, a bay or a grey? At that time, many thought he was actually a grey horse.
After what amounted to detective work more than research, the soldier-scholar, Archibald Forbes, was able to provide a definitive explanation of the confusion. Copenhagen's portrait was painted several times by a number of different artists over the years, once he had returned to England in 1818. Some were more accurate than others, which was the beginning of the controversy. But one portrait of the great war horse, by Sir Edwin Landseer, was acknowledged by the first Duke of Wellington to be a very good likeness, and he kept it in his personal collection. The second duke bequeathed the portrait to his sister-in-law, Lady Charles Wellesley, whose son became the third Duke of Wellington. She kept the portrait in the dining room of her home for many years. When she died, she in turn bequeathed Copenhagen's portrait to her son. The third duke had the portrait brought from Conholt Park, her family home, to Apsley House, after receiving the bequest. Many were surprised to see the portrait of a dapple-grey charger when the picture was uncrated in London. After discussion with some of the deceased lady's servants, it was discovered that she had been offended by the sight of a chestnut horse in her dining room and had had the charger repainted as a grey, which she considered more tasteful. Forbes concluded his story of the confusion, " … there remains now no room for question that Copenhagen lived and died a chestnut."
Copenhagen was practically unknown during the first half of the Regency, when he was a young race horse on the tracks of England. However, it should be noted that this year is the bicentennial of his only wins, both of which occurred in 1811. He left England in 1813, not to return until the end of 1818. He therefore spent only three years of the Regency in England, the first two in near obscurity, the last as the most famous horse in all the land. Copenhagen may not have been a successful race horse, but he was, and remains, one of the most celebrated war horses of all time. He was loyal and courageous, though nearly as temperamental as his famous grandsire, Eclipse. Most of his handlers throughout the war years were wary, if not actually frightened of him, and only his master, the Duke of Wellington, was able to handle him with ease. His incredible leap over the heads of the 92nd Highlanders at Quatre Bras saved Wellington's life, and in a sense, was responsible for the victory at Waterloo. His presence with Wellington, in France, and later in England, was an avenue of approach for many ladies who wished to meet the great general. And the attention of these ladies perhaps helped to ease, a little, the loneliness the great man sometimes felt, trapped in an unsuccessful and loveless marriage. And so many of these ladies wore some item of jewelery which included hair from Copenhagen's mane or tail that it is a wonder the poor fellow had any left. Though the Duke was not known to make a fuss over animals, he made sure his loyal friend had a long and comfortable retirement at Strathfield Saye, where he made time to visit him whenever he was at the estate. He also saw to it that Copenhagen was laid to rest with full military honors, befitting a military hero, and, as the Duke wished, has been allowed to remain at peace there ever since.


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10 Hidden Vacation Gems in Europe
So, are you a tourist, or traveler? At first glance, there's no difference. For every tourist, viewing the exceptional places of the world is just something which cannot be compromised. In fact, if you have ever been to Europe or willing to get the best moments to enjoy in Europe, then it is the time for you to check out the 10 Hidden Vacation Gems in Europe and then opt for it! So why to wait for- just hunt it down! [ Also Read: Travelling Soon? Be Aware of these Free Holiday Voucher Scams ]
- Ulm, Germany
To make sense of Ulm, you need to understand the Danube first. The Donau, Duna, Dunav, Dunaj. The largest river in Europe and the longest outside Russia! It goes on for nearly three thousand kilometers, and it belongs to no country but waters ten.
- Budapest, Hungary
When the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed in 1918 after World War I, it was as if the two parties, Austria, and Hungary, had signed an unfair divorce settlement agreement. Austria can keep the children, the house, and the car while Hungary gets to use their holiday home.
- Koper & Portoroz, Slovenia
Koper and Portoroz (Capo d'Istria and Portorose in Italian) are technically not the same cities. They are two different versions of the same location in the municipality of Piran, Istria, in Southwestern Slovenia. Istria is one of the most complicated and discussed regions in Southern Europe.
- Bergamo, Italy
From a traveler's point of view, Bèrghem, as the locals call it, is Ryanair's busiest and most important base in Italy and its third biggest overall (after London Stansted and Dublin).
- Marseille, France
Europeans have regularly named it the "French form of Naples," and nobody ever comprehends whether that is a compliment or feedback. Vacationers rush to France consistently to see Paris and once they saw Paris, the Côte d'Azur, and Champagne nation are exceptionally prominent.
- Tallinn, Estonia
After the political evisceration of the U.S.S.R, Estonia was left in a celebrated and disengaged limbo. Not red and sufficiently grouchy for Russia, not blue and sufficiently liberal for Europe.
- Liverpool, England
There are three religions in Liverpool: the Beatles, Liverpool Football Club, and Everton Football Club. Strolling around the port region or in the bars you know it, you inhale it, you feel it.
- Estoril, Portugal
The individuals who happen to be enthusiasts of Moto GP, the head class of bike dashing, realize that Estoril has held a yearly Grand Prix for a long time, from 2000 to 2012. Poker and James Bond fans presumably realize that Casino Estoril was the motivation for Ian Fleming's 007 books Casino Royale.
- Warsaw, Poland
Warszawa Centralna, Warsaw central station, is striking and steely. It was quickly assembled and finished in 1975, which means it's more current than some other significant train station in the capital urban communities of Europe.
- Galway, Ireland
In the event that you've quite recently arrived in London, or in case you're considering going, may we propose you jump on a plane and go to Dublin, the capital of Ireland? Once in Eire, however, leave Dublin, and go to Galway. Ireland is provincial and distinctive; the hues are serious!
[ Also Read: How To Choose Your Travel Destination ]


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Tuesday, August 12, 2014
Boy Finds Giant Salamander on his way to School
Japan is a land of strange and mysterious animals. Many pop culture icons, like Godzilla and Pokémon's, can be attributed to certain wildlife species that can be found in this beautiful country. Not to mention their importance on conserving nature and keeping native species far off from the extinction list.
Japanese giant salamanders are the stuff of legends in Japan. It's said that this animal is behind the legend of the Kappa, a Japanese water monster. The survival of these creatures is important for Japan's heritage. Although they are found in a number of places in the country, it's facing habitat loss, pollution, and over collection. In fact, its conservation status is already in near threatened. Local conservation groups and the government of Japan have been finding ways to help these giant salamanders to repopulate. Developers have created ladders in river dykes that can help them make their way up to their breeding grounds in the mountains.
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|Prep Time
|60 minutes
|Cook Time
|15 minutes
- Sieve the whole wheat flour and refined flour with salt. Mix it. Slowly add cold water and make a soft dough. Keep it covered with a damp cloth for thirty minutes. The dough should be very elastic. Knead well again.
- Divide the dough into 8-9 equal portions. Shape them into round balls. Roll out each ball into small rounds on a floured chakla (wooden surface). Hold this on the back of your palm and circle it twist it in an anticlockwise direction and swing it.
- Then again catch it on the back of the palm of the same hand. Keep repeating until the diameter of the same becomes about thirty centimeters. Care should be taken to maintain the round shape and even thickness throughout.
- These rotis are cooked on the convex side of the wok, and just about a minute to cook. These rotis are folded into quarters or sixes and served immediately.


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Kenya Visa for Indian Citizens
Kenya is one of the most up-and-coming countries for travelers around the world, but especially from India. There are hundreds of tourist attractions to see and experience, such as the amazing safaris, where travelers can get up close and personal with animals such as tigers or elephants, the pristine beaches of eastern Kenya, and the sprawling capital city of Nairobi.
However, in order to enter the country, it is necessary to have a Kenyan visa for Indian citizens. Thankfully, the process is quick and simple, and best of all, most travelers can apply for the online visa for Kenya from India from the comfort of their own home.
Do Indian Passport Holders Need a Visa for Kenya?
Yes, Indian passport holders (Indian citizens) are required to have a visa before they can legally enter Kenya. There are various names for the Kenyan visa, such as the Kenyan tourist visa, Kenyan eVisa, or the Kenya visitor visa for Indian citizens.
As mentioned above, the process is simple and straightforward: travelers apply for the Kenyan visa online, wait an average of two days to get approved, and then present a copy at the border upon arrival in order to enter the country.
Documents Required for Kenyan Visa from Indian Citizens
Before travelers can fill out the India visa application to Kenya, there are a handful of requirements that they need to have eVisa on hand. These include, but are not limited to, the following items:
- A valid passport: Perhaps the most important requirement, all Indian passport holders and travelers need to have at least six (6) months validity on their passport before they can travel to Kenya.
- Passport information: You will need to submit a few basic passport details, such as the date of birth, passport number, nationality, date of passport expiration, and so on.
- At least one blank page in the traveler's passport: This is to ensure that the immigration officer has enough space to place the stamp in the traveler's passport.
- A digital photograph: Please make sure to have a clear and colored photo of yourself that was taken within the last six months. Your face must be clearly visible and within the allotted parameters of the photo.
- A basic travel itinerary: Some travelers may be required to submit their travel plans, such as which cities they plan to go to, which activities they would like to do, and a copy of their hotel/accommodation information (where they plan to stay during their trip).
- A return ticket: Officers may ask to see a return ticket (or an onward travel ticket) to ensure that the traveler does not overstay their time in the country.
- A form of payment: Travelers will need a form of payment, such as a debit card or credit card, in order to pay for your Kenyan visa.
Apply for the Kenya Visa for Indian Citizens
Applying for the Kenyan visa is a fast and easy process. All travelers must fill out the Kenya visa form for Indian nationals with the information above. It is a good idea to keep paperwork such as your passport, travel itinerary, and a form of payment nearby so that you have easy access to it while filling out the application.
After travelers submit their application, they must wait for their visa. This usually takes approximately two business days (48 hours), although the timing may be different due to demand and holidays.
The Kenyan visa for Indian nationals is valid for a stay of up to 90 days. If the traveler wishes to stay longer than 90 days, they must apply in person for an extension at the Immigration Headquarters in Nairobi. The visa extension is granted for an additional 90 days.
Travelers are encouraged to print out a copy of their approved eVisa in case the immigration officer ask for it at the border.


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. >>> the tsa revealed it confiscated a record number of firearms from airline passengers in 2014. more than 2,200 weapons and they say the vast majority were in fact loaded. the number of gun confiscations at the airport is up 22% in a single year as more americans choose to carry concealed weapons and then forget they're carrying them as they try to board. our report on that tonight from nbc's tom costello. >> reporter: it happens five to six times a day at tsa airport checkpoints, firearms usually loaded, discovered in carried on bags or passengers bodies. in seattle, tucson, hidden inside a play station console at new york's jfk airport, in amarillo, san antonio and cincinnati. nationwide in 2014 a record 2,212 confiscated firearms, up from 660 ten years ago with more states now allowing americans to carry concealed guns. but the vast majority of passengers claim they simply forgot. john ran the tsa until the end of december. >> one of the common excuses, i'll say that we hear, is that my -- typically my wife or girlfriend packed my bag. well, that doesn't cut it because not only ma
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. cities following the terrorist attacks in france. if you're flying, the tsa is doing more random searches now of carry-on bags mostly. and here in new york police are on alert after a posted threat against police and civilians in the u.s. our report on all of it tonight from nbc's stephanie gosk. >> north ready to deploy. >> reporter: the nypd's counterterrorism response is constantly adapting especially after attacks like those in paris. how quickly did you re-deploy? >> within an hour. >> reporter: today one of the hercules units, new york city's elite heavily armed special forces to guard at a jewish museum in manhattan. james waters is the chief of counterterrorism. >> there's no credible threat to new york city right now, however we remain the number one terrorist target and we're well-prepared. >> reporter: on saturday an isis supporter renewed a threat made in the fall calling for attacks on police officers soldiers and civilians in the u.s. france canada and australia. the nypd issued a bulletin instructing police to be on alert while on patrol. while stopped one officer
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M-Power Spotter
Like the product on which it is based on, M-Power Spotter is a water based cleaning solution derived from renewable sources.
M-Power Spotter will not affect anti-soiling protection treatments and can be applied to all water and colour fast surfaces made from both natural and synthetic fibres.
M-Power Spotter Is a bio-based product which can be used for the removal of an immense range of organic residues such as: ketchup, shoe polish, protein based stains, filtration soiling (draught marks) emulsion paints, sugar, coffee (fresh) and wine.
Furthermore, it is fully compatible with both M-Power and our Microsplitting range of products, so may be applied to surfaces already treated with them or any may be applied over unrinsed treatments of this product.
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Always pre-test in an inconspicuous area prior to use.
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Spray directly onto the spot or stained area, allow a short dwell period of 1-2 minutes,( longer if required for stubborn soiling), lightly agitate, then wipe with a micro fibre cloth or terry towel. Rinse with water or repeat if necessary.
It DOES NOT contain any:
- Aromatic Solvents
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- Phosphates
- Caustics
- Petroleum Distillates
- Terpenes
- Chlorine
- Metasillicates
- Reagents
- Phenolics


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Lance Alvein (paraphrased)
Is a person's Breath the entirety of that person's Spiritual Aspect?
Brandon Sanderson (paraphrased)
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Is a person's Breath the entirety of that person's Spiritual Aspect?
Life Sense as Part of the Magic
The ability of the Heightenings and Breath to give people an added dose of life sense was part of my attempts to make Awakening, as a magic system, feel more visceral and real. Allomancy is a great magic system, but I wanted a different feel here. In Allomancy, the powers granted are more like superpowers; with Awakening, I wanted something that felt . . . well, closer to what people already do.
Perfect pitch and perfect color recognition are two things that I think resonate this way; the ability to bring inanimate objects to life may seem wildly superpowerish, but I think it's a part of our own superstition and mythology—or at least the superstition and mythology of our past. Life from things inanimate, like spontaneous generation, was long assumed as something real. Witches were often thought to be able to bring sticks or bundles of cloth to life.
I think that there's still a lot of superstition in our modern world regarding how it feels to have someone watching you. We are more aware of our surroundings, sometimes, than we realize. I think we attribute a supernatural connection to some of these things. Who knows? Maybe there is one. I don't know, perhaps I've got a bit of it myself.
Enhancing this and making it part of the magic was a way to get the visceral feel I was looking for. It also plays off the idea that by giving up your Breath, you give up part of your life. The fact that Drabs can't be noticed by life sense allows me to show that they have taken one more step toward being objects themselves.
BioChroma. It turns objects into living things, but turns living things into objects as well.
I teach economics at Rutgers and in general I love the books but *inaudible* I like to tease him because he loves them, and say it doesn't really make sense to have a fixed price for Breaths and it doesn't make sense that if you give it away when you're young, and his claim was that somewhere in the book it talks about how the Breath actually gets weaker as you get older.
So, dying Breaths can be much weaker, but not middle aged ones. So, you have a legitimate thing, my counter to you is, having listened to a ton of Freakonomics, economic people do not do what is logically economic, particularly in a closed system. You might find that Breaths sell for different things, or are treated differently, in other countries.
In the Warbreaker world.
But I do think about these things.
Oh no, it's obvious you do. It's pretty clear when you start looking at it, and that's not something...
Here's the thing, there are fantasy writers who are actually economists, L.E. Modesit is the most famous one, and he-- I've been on panels where he's complained about how writers, fantasy writers ignore economics, basic economics, all the time. So I try to listen at his feet a bit.
If a person held enough breath to attain the 5th heightening, lived for a thousand years, and then sold all but their initial breath, would their spiritual age force them to rapidly age as we saw with Rashek, or would they resume natural aging from the point at which they ceased?
I think they would rapidly age.
But I'm not ready to say 100%.
I wanted a good, strong scene where we could see that Siri made the decision to keep her hair in check. Again, I'm moving her and Vivenna into different roles, but I want it to be natural, an evolution of their characters brought on by who they are and how their surroundings affect them.
In this case, living in the Court of Gods, there is a very good reason to learn to control your hair. If many are like Treledees, who is of the Third Heightening, then even the most minute changes in your hair color will tip them off.
This is one of the interactions of the magic system that was nice to connect, an interaction I didn't expect or anticipate. With a lot of Breath, you can perceive very slight changes in color. With the Royal Locks, your hair responds to even your slightest emotions. Put the two together, and you get this scene. It was, in a way, inevitable from the beginning of the book.
Siri has come a long way. She's still stumbling about and making a lot of mistakes. But she's also winning some victories. There's nothing hidden to learn about this chapter; she really did just one-up Treledees and get what she wanted.
Denth Tells Vivenna to Use Her Breaths
Don't forget that Vivenna has a huge wealth of Breath. To most people, anything over one or two Breaths is a huge wealth—and Vivenna has enough to reach the Third Heightening. She's fully capable of Awakening objects, and while she's not as powerful as Vasher in Breath right now, she could learn quite quickly. (The more Breath you hold, the easier it is for you to learn how to use it.)
Alright, thanks. Last question for me tonight - so, when a Hemalurgic spike steals something, then it's storing Investiture in it, yeah? So could you - could you do something with that Investiture? Like... say I'm on Nalthis, and just theoretically, I use a Hemalurgic spike to steal a lot of Breath - can I use that Investiture to Awaken something? Could I Awaken the spike?
That... you'd need a lot of Investiture to Awaken a spike.
Because it's already charged up with something else?
A bonus piece of information - my poor friend that I dragged along with me (who had only read Warbreaker) asked about the specific naming of Bio-Chromatic Breath.
Sanderson confirmed as part of his response that at least some the Five Scholars had visited worlds who had gone through the Industrial Revolution (and therefore would have more of a sense of scientific theory, that the Scholars would have picked up on).
The God King Approaches Siri in Bed
Siri wonders why the God King wears black, rather than white—which his BioChroma would distort. The answer is simple. To Awakeners, black is a symbol of power. It's a fuel, a color that can be used for Awakening. White, however, is useless. So to wear white would be foolish, except in certain cases where the priests want to prove how powerful the God King is by letting him dynamically bend the light. So while he occasionally appears in white, his everyday attire is black.
His ability to bend light into the prismatic colors, by the way, was added about halfway through the first draft. I wanted a stronger visual indication of someone who had reached the top Heightenings, and I like the imagery associated with it.
Would a person holding a large amount of Breaths be less influenced by emotional Allomancy?
Yes. That's book-signing canon on that one, if you understand that phrase.
Lightsong Feeds on the Child
Why a child? It doesn't much matter, truthfully. An adult, or even someone elderly, could provide a Breath that would keep a god alive.
But the Breaths of those who are aged aren't as vigorous as those of those who are young. If Lightsong were given one of those to feed on, he'd survive for another week—but he wouldn't feel as vibrant or alive as he does after feeding on the child's Breath.
The people of Hallandren are faithful. Even if Lightsong himself doesn't believe, they do, and they want to provide the best for him. Hence they use children. Old enough to know what they are doing, yet young enough to give a powerful, vibrant Breath to their god.
Vivenna at the Safe House
Vivenna is right about what happens to a person when they lose their Breath. It is a part of your soul, and without one, you are more prone to depression, you get sick much more easily, and you're generally more irritable.
I included this mention here because I'm betting that most people who read the book side with Denth and assume he's right when he talks about these things. But don't be too judgmental about the Idrians—yes, they're biased, but the Hallandren are too in a lot of ways. It's not as simple as one side always being right and the other wrong. In this case, the Idrian teachings are correct, and most Hallandren are looking for justifications when they say that giving up one's Breath isn't all that damaging to them.
In Vahr's case, did collecting Breath from other rebel-minded people strengthen his determination and resolve?
It would have had an influence on him, but you would need the numbers of Breaths that he had for any effect to manifest. It's basically a non-issue in the current book, but it could be an issue in some of the things that will happen in the next book.
So, if Nightblood is on Roshar, is he using Stormlight instead of Breaths?
Right now, if you are Invested with Stormlight, he will feed off of that instead of Breaths.
About the Returned, they don't quite fit the other Splinters, their Breath rather, because it's the divine Breath that's a Splinter, right?
Ehhhhhhh…. Ehhhhhhh....
Okay, that was vague.
Not a 100% correlation there.
So in that case it's not entirely fair to say that the Returned are like vessels for--
No… Well, more vessels than the people that are in [T'Telir…]
So, Endowment is in control of what's happening, right?
The giving of Breaths.
Yes. So what you've got to remember-- and this is something that people keep mistaking is-- something like a spren is still part of the god, right? And it's not that different from the fact that the rock has a part of the body in it, and that everything is kind of made—Like in Mistborn world in particular, everything is made out of their essence. And so, the Breath are similar, but it's less that-- they're not autonomous in most cases and it's more like-- it's like a hybrid of what's happening in Mistborn where everybody's got a bit of Preservation in them. Everyone's got a bit of Endowment in them.
Innate Investiture.
Innate Investiture that they are born with.
I was looking to divine Breath, more specifically.
Oh divine Breath! … Divine Breath is its own special thing, and it's more like what happened with the Honorblades, in that the god is pouring a bit of its Investiture, infusing the magic.
In Nalthis, when is Breath first bestowed upon a person?
When is Breath first bestowed? Um, so I went-- Oh, so you're getting at this sort of-- I got it. *laughter/pauses* So, are you saying is it at birth or conception?
Pretty much. I'm just wondering *audio obscured by laughter*
…What's that?
I'm wondering if mothers have autonomy over their own bodies when it comes to Breath?
Yes. Uh, I'm going to go ahead and RAFO that one for-- Let's just let it-- Let's let-- Let's let the fanbase discuss that one and come to their own decisions.
The nature of humans on different worlds, like people from Warbreaker have a Breath, people from Scadrial, do they have a Breath as well?
They do not.
That's specific to the Endowment Shard?
I've read that Hoid does have a Breath. Was he born with a Breath or--
Hoid was not born on Taldain-- err Nalthis, on Nalthis. So no, he did not start with one. But the magic was much different when he started. He was before the Shattering of Adonalsium so things are weird regarding him.
You know how the BioChromatic Breaths is like more soul? If you were to get hit by a Shardblade while having several of them, could you take more hits before you lose the soul from your body?
I'll RAFO this. Good Question.
Does BioChromatic Breath cure color-blindness?
So... having enough Breath will interact very strangely with color-blindness. It won't heal it, necessarily, but it will have an interesting effect.
Ah. I was hoping--
Are you color-blind?
I am. So the entire time I read the book I was hoping it could cure color-blindness.
You will have an interesting time. I think you would be pleased with how it affects it.
Will we ever see a color-blind person in the books?
I want to do one. I'm not sure if I'll be able to get it in there... but you will be pleased with how it happens.
How difficult is it to transfer Investiture from one magic system to another, is it even possible?
How difficult is it to transfer Investiture from one magic system to another. It is possible. It is more difficult with different magic systems. Breaths are easy. Stormlight is fairly easy. Others from there on get pretty hard.
Could Feruchemical nicrosil be used to store other Invested abilities, such as a Returned Breath or the abilities of the Knights Radiant?
Yes, that's possible.
Can you store Breath in metal without the [Ninth] Heightening? Just put it there without Awakening, just to hide the Breath.
Can you hide Breath in-- Yes you can hide Breath in things.
Metal in particular, without the [Ninth] Heightening could you put it into metal. Without the purpose of Awakening it, just storing it there.
Oh without the [Ninth] Heightening-- I would say yes you could.
You've said that Nalthians without Breath have something missing (are less invested) than other humans. Was this the case before Endowment invested on Nalthis? Would a non-Nalthian given Breath, who then gives up that Breath, be less invested than before they got the Breath? Would there be something missing in their spiritweb compared to their original state?
So, no. If someone from Sel went to Nalthis and got a Breath and then gave it up, would it give up more, the answer would be no, they would be who they were before.
You said previously that someone with synesthesia wouldn't be affected by Heightenings differently, unless they had a lot of Breath. What would those effects be?
It's going to depend on the type of synesthesia, because there are so many different types.
Could there be a colorblind Awakener and-- would they be able to do anything or--
It would be a harder life for them. It would be a more serious disability there than it is here but it is not completely ending their opportunity.
...Once they get to the certain amount of Breaths or whatever, would that reverse the colorblindness?
Not necessarily. But it might have some interesting effects.
Vasher and Denth's Climax
I wanted to offer Denth the chance for redemption here, though there was no way he was going to let himself take it. His response is honest. He doesn't feel he deserves it. He has done terrible things; to wipe away the memory of them would be cheating. Better to just get it over with.
There's a very good chance that after killing Vasher, Denth would have walked over, picked up Nightblood, and let the sword drain his life away. He wouldn't have been able to live with the guilt.
But that doesn't happen. When I first designed this magic system, I added to it the idea that taking a lot of Breath shocks you and sends you into a small seizure of pleasure. This is lifted from the magic system in Mythwalker, the story from which I drew Siri and Vivenna. I added the component to Awakening not only because it fit, but because I liked giving one more little nod to Mythwalker.
However, the moment I began writing it, I knew that this twist of giving someone Breath, then killing them, would be an awesome way to pull a reversal with the magic. So I built into the story the entire arc of Vasher beating Arsteel mysteriously, and Denth wanting to duel him to prove that he couldn't win a duel.
Denth was right. Vasher cheated.
Can you tell me how many souls Hoid has?
How many Breaths? No, but I can tell you you could look up the minimum he has based on the heightenings and things that he says.
Right, and all that i know is that he has perfect pitch.
Yeah. There is room to rise from that, so I'm not going to confirm anything else, just keep an eye on him.
Siri Is Rescued
And here we have a big scene that a lot of readers have been waiting for. I apologize for making Siri need to be rescued like this, but I felt it was appropriate to the story. It's because of her teaching the God King and helping him become the man he is that he's able to do this.
Remember that the Seventh Heightening (I think that's the one) grants a person Instinctive Awakening, meaning that once you reach that Heightening, you don't need any practice to learn to Awaken. Your Commands are obeyed instinctively. This doesn't mean that everything you try will work, but that you can make most basic Commands (grab things, that sort) work without having to try. In fact, figuring out most of the more complicated, previously unknown Commands requires a person to be of the Seventh Heightening.
This power grew out of me wanting the upper Heightenings to do some very dramatic things. I do worry that this scene is a little deus ex machina. That keeps me from liking it quite as much as the Lightsong climax or the Denth/Vasher climax. But I feel that a story needs a great variety of climactic moments—some internal character moments, some external skill moments, some great twists, some expected payoffs, some big reveals, and some dramatic rescues. This chapter and the next take a shot at trying to cover a lot of those different types.
What would happen if you created a lifeless with more breath then is necessary? Would they be more or completely human or just a lifeless that's holding more breath?
Lifeless with more breath are an interesting situation. It's quite possible for the BREATH to start taking on a personality, much like a cognitive shadow, related to the individual. Whether or not it is actually them, though, is a big question. Note, this doesn't always happen. Often, dumping a lot of breath in them is like sticking it in an inanimate object with no command.
When someone dies on Nalthis, their Breaths: go away with the soul, or remain in the corpse?
Breaths return to Endowment.
Together with the soul? Or remain in the corpse?
The soul--
Passes away?
Yes, unless it turns into a Cognitive Shadow. Then, the soul goes into the Beyond. And so the actual essence of the soul, the Investiture of it, does return to Endowment.
Can you steal someone else's infused Breath with a similar method to the Feruchemy loophole?
In the last panel we talked a lot about people from different planets using magic systems on other planets, one of the things I've been thinking about, we've been thinking about, talking about Breath, and people being born with Breath, is that something specific to Nalthis or do, technically, other people on other planets have a Breath as well?
Good question and that is a Nalthian thing. Now, everyone in the cosmere to an extent has Investiture, the Nalthian Breath is part what everyone has and then a little extra, plus the ability to share it around. So a person who gives up their Breath on Nalthis is actually going below what a normal person has. But a normal person on Nalthis has more than somebody-- So if you were for instance to pick a world like Sixth of the Dusk, where there's not a Shard in residence, and you compared them to a Nalthian, Nalthian has an Investiture advantage over them. When they've given up their Breath, they have an Investiture disadvantage.
So we're not Drabs?
So we're not Drabs. That's exactly it. We're not Drabs.
Ooh could a kandra pretend to be Returned on Nalthis by using the bones of a recently deceased person?
Heightenings would still recognize them as being alive, as their flesh is alive--even if they're pasting it over dead bones.
Vasher Explains the Different Kinds of BioChromatic Entities
This is a scene I'd been waiting to write for almost the entire book. Not just because I wanted to get into the scientific rules for Awakening, but because I wanted to pull a good reversal for Vasher. When he begins talking like this, I hope that the reader responds like Vivenna: Who is this guy?
A lot of readers, my editor included, resisted the term BioChroma. They wanted me to simply use Breath, as they thought BioChroma was just too scientific sounding. I like this concept, however. I want people to read the book and think it sounds scientific. My novels, my magic systems, have a kind of "hard magic" sense to them. I want there to be an edge of science to them, a feeling that people are studying them and trying to learn about them using the scientific method.
Vasher's explanations here are dead on. He's got a lot of good information, and he has a handle on what he doesn't understand. That alone should be a big clue about who he is. The fact that he never has to trim his beard is another one.
Here's an interesting one. Why do some Breaths flare when people die? Vasher mentions it in the book.
I will answer that in the next book, if I ever get to it.
Can Breath be used to power Surgebinding?
They are very similar Investitures, and most of the magics can be powered with the other magics if you are capable of making that happen.
What would happen to the Breath?
The Breath would be consumed in the same way that Stormlight is. A renewing resource, much like atium is.
What happens when non-Nalthians come to Nalthis.
They cannot use their own soul to Awaken but could do so with obtained Breath.
So anyone could start Awakening once they received Breaths?
You would probably have to jump through some hoops to Awaken (talks about systems needing rigged up to work on different planets), but anyone can benefit from a Breath. Essentially said "it's not that easy!"
Awakening and Surgebinding, Stormlight and Breath seem really similar in some aspects--
--except Breaths seem to stick to things better--
They do.
--than Stormlight. So when you are holding the Breath it doesn't expire when you put it in something it doesn't go away. Can you tell me something about why that's happening?
Part of this is kind of inherent to the Shard and the power it's coming from. I mean the power of Endowment is just going to stick, that's part of the nature of its magic. Does that make sense? But it also kind of has to do with how the ecosystems are working. For instance the Stormlight is essential to the ecosystem of Roshar, it needs to be expended, it needs to get out and-- It's like evaporation, does that make sense?
Recycling? Not the recycling but the cycle of--
Yeah, yeah like the cycle of water. And so just part of the way the nature of it works, it has to get out, it has to leak out, it has to run out. I mean it leaks even from spheres, right?
And when you lash things it's temporary--
Yep. And even though Szeth says that he thought Voidbringers could hold it they can't. Like it is just not the way that it works.
Can they just hold it better?
They can hold it better. It's not permanent. Now there are things that can do it permanently but--
Like the black sphere for example?
Well we are not going to... The black sphere is something different. You guys have guessed what the black sphere is, right?
Well we have some ideas. I support that it holds an Unmade. Am I wrong?
I'm not going to answer that.
But you said--
I'm just curious what the theories are. Book 3 the black sphere is-- Everyone who reads the books will know what the black sphere is by the end of Book 3.
Do people in the cosmere, besides Nalthis, have Breaths?
No. To elaborate a little more, that's not to say they don't have a life force, because they do. But if someone not from Nalthis were to suddenly gain the ability to become an Awakener, they could not use what they have to Awaken something. That's not to say that they can't receive Breaths though.
How much power does a Breath and a freshly charged Hemalurgic spike have relative to each other?
This is a RAFO. I don't want to be pinned down on this one quite yet.
Chapter Twelve
Lightsong Hears Petitions
The concept of petitions—and the gods being able to heal someone one time—grew out of my desire to have something about them that was miraculous. Something obvious, something more than just an ability to make vague prophecies. Their Breath auras are amazing, true, but an Awakener with a lot of Breath can replicate that.
I took the idea of being able to die in order to heal from an idea discarded from Elantris. If you look at the deleted scenes (Caution: Spoilers for the ending of Elantris), you can read about how there was originally a subplot to the story where the Seons (the floating balls of light) could expend the Aon at their center and create a miraculous event one time. However, doing so would kill them. I eventually ended up not using this plot structure in the final draft, and so I cut all references to this ability from the book. I felt that it was too contrived in that novel.
I've always thought it was interesting conceptually, however, so I developed it into this book as an aspect of Returned that makes them different. They can create one miracle—and in this world, that one miracle has to be a healing. They can expend their divine Breath to heal someone.
This created another problem for readers, however. It became very difficult in the book to explain to them that a Returned could still Awaken things—but not by using the Breath granted to them by their Return. In other words, if a Returned gained a hundred extra Breaths, they could use them just like anyone else's. But if they give away the Breath they start with, it kills them.
Every person starts with a Breath. Well, Returned start with one too—a divine Breath that can be given away to heal someone else's Breath that is weakening and dying. That's what these petitioners are asking for.
But regular Breaths, they can give those away. They just have to be tricky about it.
Mi'chelle is wanting to know for a fanfic she's wanting to write if when you cut/break an object that has been Awakened if the object then "dies", or if the pieces will try to carry out the command. Also, either way, can the breaths be recovered from it?
The object does not die, and will try to continue its purpose. The level of damage will determine just how well it can continue. The Breaths are recoverable. (Though there could be some loss of Breaths, depending on how the item is destroyed.) There's a scene near the end where Vasher Awakens some clothing, then it gets cut down and he recovers the Breath.
Why is Breath not consumed in Awakening, unlike most all other uses of Investiture?
Not all Investitures are "used up." Much like energy, it isn't typically created or destroyed, just changes for. With Breath, in what it's used for, it is just more easily and readily recovered than in other forms.
Someone who has Breath Investiture, can they give Breath to somebody who doesn't, so like somebody from Scadrial, or--
Would the Scadrian be able to use it?
Yes. You have seen people from off-planet who have Breath before.
Or, indeed, perfect pitch?
Uhuh. *laughter* And are making use of it in a variety of ways.
How unique are individual Breaths? Would collecting 100 Breaths from criminals and scumbags affect your personality in any way? Or collecting 100 Breaths from generous, charitable people?
I intended them to not be terribly individual. Breaths do bring some things along with them, but for the most part I wanted them to be a step removed from that
If a tribe of singers were to worldhop to Nalthis, and live there for a few generations, would their pure singer offspring begin to be born with Breath?
RAFO. Good question, though. Excellent question!
If someone from, say, Roshar, traveled to the world of Warbreaker, do they have Breath?
No, they do not. And if someone from the Warbreaker world leaves, they will still have their Breath... They would not register as being a Drab to people who are looking. They would register as Option C. Particularly someone from Roshar, who is from a primary Shardworld, is slightly Invested.
Would he also be able to have powers from Warbreaker without using Breaths?
Yes that is-- It is possible to power the magics with one another. Breaths are one of the-- it's-- yeah, let's just say that.
Could a double-nicrosil Twinborn compound Breath or Stormlight?
Uh, you're getting a RAFO card on that. You're getting SUCH a RAFO card on that!
With spikes, would you be able to actually transfer Breaths, when they get to the other planets?
So spikes rip off pieces of the soul and so Breaths are not going to be part of the soul. You could maybe get a divine Breath but I haven't really decided on regular Breaths, they're kind of stuck there in the Physical Realm which is not a thing that spikes are dealing with. Divine Breath, potentially, because that's something that's actually melding onto your soul. But, you know, when you're using the Breaths they reach through to the Spiritual Realm so, maybe if you got it while the Breaths were kinetic, right, while you're using them, then you might be able to rip them off. I'm not a hundred percent certain on that one.
There's still things to decide upon.
Yeah there's still things, like I have to kind of see. My instinct says no right now. But, you know, how they interact is not something that I have-- Yeah.


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