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Brief Thoughts on Constitutional Interpretation in a Common Law System
In a civil law system, when a judge or court makes a decision, it does not set a precedent that binds future judges or courts. All a court has to look at are the statutes in question and the facts of the case. This is similar to the old "What part of 'shall not be infringed' do you not understand?" rhetoric I've heard many times in discussions of the 2nd Amendment.
Stare decisis, or precedent, is an essential feature of common law systems like ours, which we inherited from the English. You can't just look at the law and the facts in a common law system. You must also look at precedents set by previous courts. As a result, we can't just read the text of the Constitution itself to understand what is and is not constitutional.
Although I think the system we ended up with was brilliant, I personally think the Founders messed up when it came to the judiciary. They have become a rolling constitutional convention because of the role of precedent. I have thought quite a bit about how to solve that problem, but maybe a simple solution would be to strip USSC rulings on the Constitution of precedent.
Of course, I am not a lawyer. I don't even play one on TV. My suggestion would probably wreck the whole system and bring about the Fimbulwinter and eventual Apocalypse. But if you ignore that, it's kind of an interesting idea.
20 comments:
Precedent is good, but in some of these cases, the law is twisted so far from the original that evil is occurring. Legislation by incremental judicial precedent as you note.
-stc Michael
- Grim said...
The thing that precedent hopes to stop is for a conflict to keep showing up in the courts, over and over. We work out some kind of solution to that kind of conflict, and then we're done with it. Maybe.
That doesn't really work, but I think that's the idea. What happens if we keep coming to court in every instance of a conflict, and never solve the underlying issue (and never refer to the earlier rulings)? Maybe Congress gets off its butt and works something out, could be. But why should they bother? This is a problem for the courts, not for Congress, and Congress isn't even good at responding to very direct pressure.
- jaed said...
Well, the SC can override itself. Stare decisis doesn't go so far as to be immutable. SC rulings are binding only on lower courts.
This may be the best available design, with enough weight to keep the pendulum from swinging too wildly without nailing everything in place forever.
I think Tea Party types, when they say things like "What part of 'shall not be infringed' don't you understand?", are saying something more like "Such-and-such a case was wrongly decided and the court should revisit the issue", not "Everyone should ignore the decision because it's not binding."
There are some fine points here, of course. A decision that requires one to act unjustly is no more or less binding than a statute that requires it. It's the law and the law must be broken to do justice. But that's a statement about the higher duty of justice, not a statement about whether a court decision is binding as law.
- Joel Leggett said...
It appears that you labor under a profound misunderstanding of the nature of our constitution. It was never intended to establish a civil or common law system of jurisprudence. It was specifically written to serve as a blueprint for the design of our federal government. It was written as a legal document that used specific language with specific meanings. The Founding Fathers broke with the English practice of relying on an unwritten constitution for the stated purpose of empowering citizens to refer to the plain language of a governing document. Consequently, the words of the Constitution and their meanings are of primary importance, past court decisions (especially those that ignore or radically redefine the language) are not. While The Constitution promises to each state a republican form of government it does not promise a common law system. That is why the Constitution is just as effective in Louisiana with its Napoleonic Code system (civil law) as it is in sates that use a common law based system. FWIW, the current problem with the Supreme Court isn't precedent, it's judges that will not be constrained by the limits of their authority and wish to remake the nation in their image acting as a super legislature.
Good points all.
jaed, I know SC rulings don't truly bind future SC decisions, but they do seem to be used a lot to justify decisions.
I'm actually not sure what my proposed change would look like. It could just be a change in judicial philosophy on the part of the justices. For that, only persuasion is necessary. Or, maybe it would be an amendment that instructs the justices to give the greatest weight in decisions to the text of the Constitution, or something like that.
- MikeD said...
Stare decisis matters to people as holy writ when it supports causes they like but is mere guidelines when it supports causes they don't. As an example, I give you Roe v. Wade and DC v. Heller. Both are precedents decided by the SCOTUS, but depending on which side of the political aisle you stand on, one is never to be touched and the other is a mistake and bad law.
I just would like everyone to stop pretending that they respect "settled law" as immutable... except when the decision goes against their political preferences.
Joel, you posted while I was writing, so I didn't see yours before I hit 'publish.'
Before I reply, I'd like to ask a question. Where did the Founders write that their goal was "empowering citizens to refer to the plain language of a governing document"? If you can give me a specific reference, I'd like to read that and educate myself.
Consequently, the words of the Constitution and their meanings are of primary importance, past court decisions (especially those that ignore or radically redefine the language) are not.
That's not how it has actually worked, however. Look at the Commerce Clause. A lot of federal law that violates the plain meaning of that clause has been allowed to stand because USSC justices rely on precedents that have gradually changed its meaning. That's how a common law system works, and courts under the USSC are bound by precedent. It is a common law system. That's how it worked at the beginning, and the Founders did nothing to change that, so presumably they were fine with it continuing into the new system their Constitution set up.
jaed is right that there is nothing that requires justices to follow precedent, but they do, most of the time, and there is the expectation that they will.
- Joel Leggett said...
At least three of the Founding Fathers answered your question in the Federalist Papers. Federalist 10, 22, 23, and 41 provide a good explanation of the importance of a written constitution. Furthermore, other Founding Fathers specifically addressed the issue as follows:
Thomas Jefferson said, "Our peculiar security is in possession of a written Constitution. Let us not make it a blank paper by construction. … If it is, then we have no Constitution."
James Madison said, "Can it be of less consequence that the meaning of a Constitution should be fixed and known, than a meaning of a law should be so?"
George Washington said, "The basis of our political systems is the right of the people to make and to alter their constitutions of government. But the Constitution, which at any time exists, 'till changed by an explicit and authentic act of the whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon all. … If in the opinion of the people the distribution or modification of the constitutional powers be in any particular wrong, let it be corrected by an amendment in the way which the Constitution designates. But let there be no change by usurpation; for though this in one instance may be the instrument of good, it is the customary weapon by which free governments are destroyed."
Lets not forget the actual organization of the Constitution which makes it clear, with its enumerated and separated powers (and limitations on power) that it is a blueprint for government.
I would also add that just because we have not always observed the language and requirements of the Constitution does not mean that the Constitution wasn't written to serve as a legal document using specific words with specific meanings. Where we as a people have deviated from the intended use of the constitution the fault lies with us, not the Constitution or the Founding Fathers.
- Texan99 said...
There's tremendous value in making the law predictable, which is where I think the tradition of stare decisis came in. We know, of course, that it doesn't entirely bind the Supreme Court, if a majority of its members can be persuaded that previous rulings had simply gone wrong. Now and then the S. Ct. does something radical, supposedly in service of getting back in line with the original document. Even lower courts, if they are clever and bold enough, can distinguish precedent--sometimes straining language and sense to do so--and do something new, though at the risk of being overturned.
I've had bad experiences with the Mexican and South American court systems, in which each judge seemingly is empowered to do whatever strikes him as fair, or whatever he was most recently paid to do. In practice that means no one has any idea what will happen in a commercial dispute (the only kind I've been involved with), and therefore they minimize their risk-taking and trust, which in turn means it's devilishly difficult to get anyone to invest in a Central or South American operation. I've plotted to snatch many a commercial aircraft once it touched down on a U.S. tarmac, just because there was no reasonable or predictable way to repossess it south of the border: what might work one month could get you shot at the next. The commercial law was remarkably opaque, even if you hired the best-connected local counsel anyone could identify.
It's a good idea to require everyone at least to take a shot at ensuring that new decisions will be consistent with old ones. It's not as though the answer under a document as broad as the Constitution were crystal clear. One reason there are not as many superb judges as we'd like is that it's hard to decide cases according to broad principles that both yield a just result in the instant case and avoid absurd results in future cases, especially as applied by different judges. You can't just codify all this stuff in detail so that an easy answer pops out every time.
In practice, new precedent is being developed all the time as people slowly become aware of ambiguities in old or new statutes, or circumstances change. The courts start trying out solutions, people notice and write them up and argue about them, and lawyers start lobbying judges in new cases to follow one new approach or another. Often a consensus emerges, or two or three different consensuses emerge in different circuits, and eventually a higher court sorts it out. We may not think they chose the right answer out of the competing batch, but we hope it's at least a defensible approach, and at least we know what to expect, more or less, when the issue comes up again.
" But let there be no change by usurpation; for though this in one instance may be the instrument of good, it is the customary weapon by which free governments are destroyed.""
This is the crux- and the usurpation is usually incremental in nature.
Joel, thank you very much. I've been meaning to delve into the Federalist Papers for some time.
I never challenged the idea that a written constitution was good, nor that it was the blueprint for government. Has anyone said it isn't the plan for our government? I'm curious because I've never heard anyone say it wasn't, and I've hung out in some pretty sketchy places with socialists and anarchists and so on. They had all kinds of criticisms, but I never heard anyone say it wasn't the plan for our government.
Yes, usurpation has been the problem. Jefferson was president when Marbury v. Madison was decided, which was the case that established the USSC's power of judicial review, and which made their precedents so powerful. Jefferson opposed it and I believe tried to get an amendment passed to change it, but it never had the votes.
This brings up another point. I think the US has gone way off track with USSC rulings; we're no where near what the Founders envisioned and tried to produce.
And yet, the people are sovereign, not the Founders. There are ways to amend the Constitution, and there have been a number of amendments since 1803. Maybe the SC having the power of judicial review was not what the Founders intended, but after 200 years and no significant efforts to undo M v. M, can't we say that the sovereign people have accepted it?
I abhor what FDR's SC did to the Commerce Clause, and yet, that was 80 years ago and there has been no serious effort to correct things. There have been other amendments passed in that time, but not one restoring the Commerce Clause. At some point we have to say that the sovereign people have spoken.
Regardless of what should be, I don't believe we can effectively change things without recognizing the way things actually are, the way they actually work. There is a difference between how things should be and how they are, and not recognizing that, pretending that it isn't true, doesn't help fix things.
Tex, thanks for your comment. That's interesting.
- jaed said...
Maybe the SC having the power of judicial review was not what the Founders intended, but after 200 years and no significant efforts to undo M v. M, can't we say that the sovereign people have accepted it?
Mrph. There's a distinction between the power to resolve contradictions between the laws and the power to overrule legislation because you think it's bad public policy. I don't think the sovereign people have consented to the 9th Circuit deciding the law that empowers the President to bar any class of immigrant or visitor is no longer in effect because they don't like what Trump said during the campaign. Or to the SC finding emanations and penumbras that prevent states from barring abortion. Or a number of other examples.
Yes, and how many generations have come and gone since those decisions were made? Time, the passing of generations, and the generations passing on correcting these perceived problems, is an essential element of my argument there.
There's tremendous value in making the law predictable, which is where I think the tradition of stare decisis came in.
That is important. I wonder how things work in Europe? Pretty much all of it except the UK and Ireland use civil law systems, which is where Latin America got theirs. Are things as arbitrary in Germany as they are in Mexico?
- Texan99 said...
I wish I knew, but I never had any experience there. It's a good point: a civil law system that fails in an incompetent state like Mexico might do well in Germany.
- Joel Leggett said...
Tom, You asked me "Where did the Founders write that their goal was "empowering citizens to refer to the plain language of a governing document"? My response was to point you to both quotes and writings were they explained the importance of a written constitution (governing document) to the citizenry. Furthermore, many of those references were intended to demonstrate the importance the Founding Fathers placed on fidelity to the written words of the Constitution, something your original post indicated was inconsistent with our common law tradition. It should be noted that the creation of a written constitution was, itself, a deviation from the common law tradition of England which relied upon an unwritten constitution, the construction of which was left almost entirely to judges. Consequently, your original claim that conservatives and Tea Partiers are confused about the nature of the system in which the Constitution exists is simply wrong.
Additionally, your inference that a common law system requires that stare decisis controls over the plain language of a statute is likewise incorrect and has never been a rule for judicial decision making in this country or even England. In fact, one of the foremost Canons of Construction is the reliance on the plain language of the statute in question. No less a legal philosopher than England's own Sir Edward Coke in 1584 made this clear. While there have been judges that have refused to follow this approach in certain cases, such instances represent a deviation from the traditional reliance on, and preference for the plain language of the statute or constitutional provision.
Joel, thanks for your reply. The connection between your earlier comments and my post wasn't clear to me before, but that clarifies things for me. I'm at work so I'll have to come back to this later.
I didn't get back to this in a timely manner, so I think I will post on the topic again and reframe things to respond.
There are a couple of points I would like to make here, though.
First, I am a Tea Partier. I was part of the core group here locally for about a year, being part of the planning group, attending every function, and flying out for the 9/12 March on Washington. So, when I comment on Tea Partiers, it is as an insider. That's my group; those are my people.
Second, as I pointed out in my original post, this is not an area I am any kind of expert in, so my language was not precise. I will tighten it up in my next post on this topic.


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The first weekend of spring is still much winter like – for the starters we've got a short blizzard, then some sunshine, and again some more snow. But my spirit is already high, no matter what but like in a month's span it should start changing to the more spring like manner for good. It's March after all, and it's for a reason that the first month of spring bears name 'kovas' in Lithuanian, which quite literary means 'battle' or 'fighting'.
During my jogging session on Sunday morning I went past this somewhat angry looking woman like snowman, which caught y eye so much that I even took a picture of it.
Sometime into my jogging session, I've had this brilliant idea – why not make her a mate? It is spring after all, and it's nature's mating time. So I've changed my jogging direction, so that I'd go back to that snowman-lady. And here are the results.

subset: commoncrawl


text: The 'occupation' outside the ICE facility began on Sunday [Arun Gupta/Al Jazeera] Portland, Oregon - Dozens of protesters have occupied the grounds of the local US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) office in Portland, Oregon to protest the Trump administration's immigration policies, including the separation of thousands of children from their parents at the US-Mexico border. The group, calling it itself #OccupyICEPDX, set up camp on Sunday, calling for the abolition of ICE and an end to government's "zero tolerance" approach to immigration. The protesters vowed to remain on Thursday after it successfully shut down the office a day earlier. Since the camp was erected, up to 400 people have shown up for nightly vigils. Individuals stand by the road holding signs such as "Everyone is Welcome Here", "Stop Child Abuse - Abolish Ice" and "Close the Trump Concentration Camps". Roberta, who asked not to use her surname, held a sign reading: "Truth, Freedom, and Justice for all." She told Al Jazeera: "We've gotten lots of honks and only a few fingers." #OccupyICEPDX comes amid a widespread outcry over the government's "zero tolerance" approach towards migrants and refugees who cross the US southern border without documents. The approach included a practice of separating children from parents who were held. Despite having a 3 week old baby, our family has made the decision to move into the ICE occupation. We won't leave until ICE does. As long as families are being separated, our family will take a stand. Please join us #OccupyICEPDX pic.twitter.com/DdL5HzLI6O — Gregory McKelvey (@GregoryMcKelvey) June 20, 2018 After repeatedly saying only legislators could end the controversial tactic, US President Donald Trump signed an executive order on Wednesday, to keep families together. It remains unclear, however, what will happen to the children who have already been separated from their families. According to the Associated Press, about 500 of the 2,300 children separated have been reunited with their parents, but it was not clear if they remained in detention. While the executive order ends the separation of families, many fear the practice will only shift to detaining families for long periods of time - a tactic likely to be challenged in the courts. 'Occupy with a purpose' The scene in Portland is a throwback to the 2011 Occupy Wall Street movement. That movement made income inequality a national issue but it lacked any concrete demands, and it fizzled out within months. The difference this time is "it's Occupy with a purpose - Abolish ICE," said Amina Rahman, a labour organiser and Portland native . As of right now, #occupyICE has reportedly spread to: Los Angeles San Diego Chicago Atlanta Washington D.C. New York City Louisville Milwaukee Checkout what we started, @OccupyICEPDX 😍 #OccupyICEPDX#SurroundICE#OccupyICEeverywhere — Andrew Sorg (@andrewsorg) June 21, 2018 Locals drive up and unload trays of food and cases of bottled water alongside the three-story ICE building that's surrounded by an eight-foot metal fence and security cameras. A local ice cream shop sent its truck to hand out treats to protesters, and a pizzeria owner hand-delivered a stack of pies. Soooo many ppl donated food/snacks/camping essentials... Srsly SO MUCH water, food, etc. Great turnout tooI'm unemployed, have no criminal record, and no life. I'm camping out again tonight. I plan on being here every day for as long as we need to.#OccupyICEpdx.#OccupyICE. pic.twitter.com/79UK1092bE — Sheri Scumvänker (@StephSlit) June 19, 2018 On Monday evening, as ICE employees in cars tried to leave work, 20 people locked arms and blocked the driveway, according to organiser Jacob Bureros. The vehicles went back inside the facility and two police officers with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), under which ICE operates, tried to negotiate with protesters. Bureros said police asked the protesters for "reasonable accommodation," explaining that "nine of the employees inside need to go home to their families." He said protesters started yelling: "What about the families you are holding?" The ICE facility includes a jail area meant for temporary detention before immigrants are shipped off to long-term holding facilities in the Pacific Northwest. DHS police threatened to arrest protesters, but has not carried out the threat. On Tuesday, protesters said about a dozen DHS police arrived and created a area to allow the remaining employees to leave. Portland police have not been present at the protests. On Wednesday, Mayor Ted Wheeler stated that he does not want the Portland police "to be engaged or sucked into a conflict, particularly from a federal agency that I believe is on the wrong track." At the time of publishing, ICE had not responded to Al Jazeera's repeated requests for comment. According to local reports, ICE said it will not resume operations at the Portland office until "there are no longer security concerns resulting from the ongoing protests there." The 'Occupy ICE' protests have since spread to other cities, with demonstrators setting up camp outside ICE offices in New York, Los Angeles and other places. Back in Portland, protesters vowed to remain. "We need to make this a national movement," Jenny Nickolaus told Al Jazeera. "We are staying here until ICE is abolished or until we are physically removed." SOURCE: Al Jazeera News Immigration United States Donald Trump Protests Refugees


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Brisbane's most spectacular river-front dining destination, River Quay, is hotting up again with springtime events, offers, new menus, and great food all on the agenda, just in time for spring.
But before the new season kicks off, don't miss out on the very special lunch-time winter offers on at River Quay until the end of August! In case you missed our run down of these fab offers the first time, here's a handy recap of the great weekday lunch offers you can enjoy in the winter sunshine with jaw-dropping river views.
We found the ideal ladies lunch location at Aquitaine Brasserie, marvelled at the view from Stokehouse Q, beat the winter blues with lunch at The Jetty, revelled in the man-appropriate fare from Popolo, and broke out of lunch-time monotony at Cove Bar + Dining.
Our French favourite, Aquitaine Brasserie, has a casual take on provincial French cooking, which we love, and, until the end of winter, you can enjoy a main meal and glass of wine in Aquitaine's charming brasserie, for $25.
Escape the office and head to Stokehouse Q on a weekday, where they are serving up their modern take on the freshest local produce with those famous Stokehouse river views. And for the rest of August, when you come in to Stokehouse for lunch of a weekday, you can enjoy a special main course and glass of wine for only $28.
If winter is starting to get you down, take a mid-week minibreak to The Jetty and beat back those winter blues in Balinese-style relaxation. And, to make this winter escape that much sweeter, a main and glass of wine will only cost you $25 until the end of August!
Because sometimes the only thing that will satisfy you for lunch is a really good pizza, the gang at Popolo have you covered. For the rest of winter, you can enjoy a river-side lunch of either pizza or risotto, and two house beverages, for only $25. That's a lot of Italian bang for your buck.
Don't get that same tired old sushi roll for lunch everyday. Head to Cove on a weekday, grab one of their amazing burgers, and return to the office smug in the knowledge that no one else's lunch was as great as yours. And, best of all, a glass of wine and main meal will only set you back $25!
The amazing views from River Quay are only going to get more beautiful as we head into spring, so be sure to head to across the river and try one of these divine dining venues for yourself.
TUL Note: Today's List Love post is proudly sponsored by River Quay and endorsed by The Urban List. Our sponsored posts will never be a secret - the List Love seal will be stamped on any sponsored material you see on the site. Thank you for supporting the sponsors who make The Urban List possible.


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In this episode of Roads Less Travelled, guidebook publisher Lonely Planet sets its sights on...(00:59)
In this episode of Roads Less Travelled, guide book publisher Lonely Planet takes aim at Israel...(01:06)
It's a season of change and surprises, with one of the closest battles in "Wicked Tuna" history, that culminates in a dramatic nail-biting final episode.
Nat Geo WILD presents the sixth annual BIG CAT WEEK to shine a light on the world's most majestic big cat species and their struggle to survive.
This is the ultimate quest to uncover the meaning of life.
Go on the hunt to determine which aspects of your personality reveal the Big Cat that roars from within.


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Please welcome author Carmen Stefanescu. She resides in Romania, the native country of the infamous vampire Count Dracula, but where, for about 50 years of communist dictatorship, just speaking about God, faith, reincarnation or paranormal phenomena could have led someone to great trouble - the psychiatric hospital if not to prison. Teacher of English and German in her native country and mother of two daughters, Carmen Stefanescu survived the grim years of oppression, by escaping in a parallel world, that of the books.
She has dreamed all her life to become a writer, but many of the things she wrote during those years remained just drawer projects. The fall of the Ceausescu's regime in 1989, and the opening of the country to the world meant a new beginning for her. She started publishing. Poems first, and then prose. Both in English.
Shadows of the Past, paranormal/light romance/light mystery/light horror was released at the end of 2012 by Wild Child publishing, USA.
Do you enjoy character interviews as much as I do? Please meet Genevieve, heroine in Shadows of the Past!
1. Please, have a seat. Make yourself comfortable Miss...
"Genevieve. My name is Genevieve, but Sister Clementa, the Abbess, and some of her followers call me The witch."
2. Tell me, Genevieve, where are you living?
Genevieve ( a small sigh escapes her lips. Then she shrugs) "Well, for the moment I reside at St. Mary's Abbey. On top of a mountain in Britain, in the...cursed forest."
3. Do you have any schooling?
Genevieve (nods and pats and invisible crease of her dress) "Kind Old Bertha, who took care of me after my family perished, taught me to read and write. Not only English but also Latin. And, most important, she taught me how to prepare healing potions from plants and herbs. Perhaps that's why the Abbess hates me so much. A peasant girl of the 13th century is dangerous if she knows more than her superiors, I think."
4. What are your worst fears or nightmare?
Genevieve (throws a shy look around her. She shivers and her voice is small) "I fear the cursed forest. This forest is responsible for what happened to my family. My father's odd behavior, the death of my siblings. All the evil that lurks in it.
My nightmare - the Abbess, sister Clementa, who threatens me all the time with sending me to the stake. I can't understand why she wants me out of the way."
5. Is it anything that you secretly desire?
Genevieve (blushes and wrings her hands. Then she looks me directly in the eyes. Her voice is strong now. ) "To become Andrew's wife and grow a family. If his family agrees....If the Abbess lets me go... If God forgives me for giving up being a nun.....If I escape alive from the forest.... If...."Next, here is an excerpt from Shadows of the Past by Carmen Stefanescu
The peal of the church bells from the abbey tower startled Genevieve. The sound added to her mounting anxiety.
The massive abbey loomed over the stone paved path. All the nuns were at evening mass. With a bit of luck her disappearance would go unnoticed for a few more hours. The Abbess would assume she was cleaning the toilets as ordered.
Fear skittered through Genevieve when she turned away from the abbey towards the path leading to town. Nothing stirred. She hesitated. Evil emanated from the forest surrounding the abbey. With a shiver, she leaned against the solid oak gates that flanked the abbey's main path. They had hidden her from detection for the past couple of hours, but how much longer would she be safe?
The mountain shadows grew thicker and closer.
She moved her weight from one leg to the other. They ached from so much standing, but she lacked the strength to return to the gardener's cottage and wait for Andrew's arrival as planned. Genevieve closed her tired eyes. The image of old Ryan, slumped dead in his chair in his cubicle, caught life in her mind and made her whole body ripple with fear.
She'd rather wait for Andrew here, outside.
Had he forgotten his promise? What if something terrible befell him during the last three days, or he had changed his mind? Why should he risk all for an ordinary nun?
Had his folks talked him into giving her up, made him see reason? Helping her out of her predicament meant a huge risk for him -- losing his family, his friends and his position among his peers. His words echoed in her mind. "I will risk everything for you, even life, if necessary."
* * * *
"Anne, Anne, wake up. Wake up, please," the insistent voice whispered next to her ear. The touch of a hand, on her shoulder, startled Anne.
She opened her eyes, still half between sleep and reality. Her gaze stopped on a stranger, a woman, by her side.
The moon's pale face, the only light, filtered through a small gap in the tent's entrance; yet the stranger's whole body emanated a kind of soft ray, a yellowish halo making her figure and face easy to discern.
A long, dark robe, similar to those worn by nuns in monasteries centuries ago, covered her body. No traditional headdress covered the woman's red hair, which fell loosely over her shoulders in long, heavy tendrils and continued down her chest and back.
Anne stood up and studied the intruder with open curiosity. The stranger's wax pale face looked corpse like. Anne opened her mouth to ask her who she was. She looked Anne straight in the eyes, placed her forefinger on her lips and whispered, "Hush, come. Follow me."
Anne's eyes widened.
The woman, moving away from the sleeping bag, appeared to glide above the ground. Her bare feet didn't make a sound.
As if hypnotized, Anne followed the illuminated silhouette heading into the forest, without questioning her own actions.
An onrush of sensations unfamiliar to her followed. Dizziness and a malevolent feeling of unreality suffocated her. The presence of evil, creeping up and enveloping her, became almost palpable. Her throat turned dry, and she gasped for air.
You can find Carmen's book in many places, below is the link at Wild Child Publishing:
All Romance
Barnes & Noble
Carmen Stefanescu's Links:


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"Once I lose this weight, I'll never gain it
back!" Sound familiar? Unfortunately, these are famous last words for many
dieters. It takes more than determination and willpower to make that declaration
stick. In fact, when a group of dieters were asked what contributed to them
re-gaining weight, their answers had a common theme. Nearly all of them said, "I
slipped back into my old habits."
Think about your own weight loss history. What
are some "old habits" that easily get you into trouble? Is it buying chips or
ice cream again after you've avoided them for months? Perhaps a couple of
glasses of wine before dinner? Maybe you spend more time in the break room where
you can't resist the doughnuts and other goodies. Or you slide back into using
food to cope with stress or depression.
Identify your old habits
Take out a piece of paper and make a list of all
the old habits that you know cause problems with your maintenance goals. Once
you complete the list, keep it around to remind yourself of these danger areas.
Then create a few strategies to protect yourself from letting these old habits
sneak back into your life.
Now you have a good system for recognizing and
preventing old patterns from causing the scale to go back up. But here's a funny
thing – in the same way that it's easy to slip back into OLD habits, you can
also slip AWAY from your healthy ones.
For example, how many times have you resolved to
floss your teeth every day? Have you been able to make that into a habit?
Personally, I have to re-create that one every couple of months!
Once you build new habits, you need to make them
so strong that you can't imagine life without them. One of the best ways to do
this is through repetition – doing the habit over and over until it feels
Replace old with new
On the piece of paper where you described old
habits to avoid, create a list called "New Habits in My Life." Include some of
the things you're already doing such as eating breakfast every day, not skipping
meals and carrying a water bottle with you.
In your daily routines, look for ways to shake
things up. For example, instead of heading straight for the refrigerator when
you get home from work, try reading the mail over a cup of hot tea. Break up
problem rituals by entering your driveway from the opposite side or using the
back door of your home instead of your usual entrance.
When you're sitting down to watch TV football
games, switch from drinking beer to having a diet soda. If you always search for
something to eat before you get ready for to bed, consider relaxing with a warm
Besides your routine, daily patterns, create
habits that you can use year after year to manage holidays, birthdays or
vacations. For example, if your family rituals include making huge meals or
eating ice cream together, figure out how to stop yourself from automatically
joining in. You might need to invent new ways to feel connected to others, even
if you're the only person in the group who changes.
Old habits will get you in trouble every time.
So instead of proclaiming you'll never gain your weight back, build a set of new
habits and healthy patterns that will guarantee you can make this a reality.
About the Author:
Linda Spangle, RN, MA, is a
weight-loss coach specializing in emotional eating, and the author of 100
Days of Weight Loss, a book of daily lessons that helps people stay
committed to their diet and exercise plans. Her website is


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Thursday, 14 May 2009
Revenge is sweet
This may or may not be the bastard that ate all my ducklings (opinions have been expressed, and rat, mink and polecat have all been fingered for the crime); all I know is that there is most definitely one less rat on the farm, and that it suffered a wonderfully gruesome, hopefully extraordinarily painful, demise.
I skip, I dance, I rain blessings on the head of whatever cat, dog, fox, beast, had this toothy monster for breakfast.
Oh, and the day just gets better and better (yup, I know, pride comes before a fall). The Last Ewe finally lambed today, exactly one month after the rest, and one week beyond the possible due date (extended pregnancies notwithstanding). The day after tomorrow I will have the MOST HUMONGOUS LIE-IN!
11 comments:
- Yorkshire Pudding said...
Haven't those nasty rats heard of teeth whitening toothpaste?
- 14 May 2009 at 22:32
- garfer said...
That looks like Roland rat.
Less photos of thicko sheep please.
- 14 May 2009 at 22:39
- mountainear said...
Have just rid the world of 5 rats in 24 hours. Result!
Sadly the broody on her clutch of eggs that the rat tried to reach (leaving a gnawed and cartoony rat-hole in the door) has given up sitting so my triumph is diminished somewhat.
Sleep well.
- 14 May 2009 at 22:48
- tpals said...
Hooray! I felt sick when I read your empty nest post so this is excellent.
After a rat slaughtered all the chicks I bought for my parent's farm a few years ago, I lined the entire chick room with wire mesh. Even the ceiling. It worked.
- 15 May 2009 at 02:22
- Scriptor Senex said...
Cute lambs, dead rats - what more could one want from a posting?
- 15 May 2009 at 06:36
- Flowerpot said...
Enjoy your lie-in Mopsa - well deserved. My Moll ate an entire rat yesterday - she could hardl y move afterwards!
- 15 May 2009 at 09:21
- Mopsa said...
YP - obviously not.
Garfer - is he a friend of yours?
M'ear - caught a second one in a trap too - but 5 in a day! Poor broody... do you have an incubator?
Tpals - I felt sick too :(
SS - we aim to please.
F'pot - our cats and dogs won't eat them - kill, yes, but munch? No, they leave them for the humans to clear away.
- 15 May 2009 at 14:24
- Welshcakes Limoncello said...
Nature can be very cruel. I hope you got the lie-in and enjoyed it!
- 16 May 2009 at 22:27
- Whispering Walls said...
You'll have to pin that head to a beam in your barn as a warning
- 18 May 2009 at 13:36
The demise of the rat gathers momentum in the parish - one king rat less in polytunnel thanks to the peanut butter tip. Though some crafty bugger is still dragging off mouse trap (with mouse) to complete his plate of meat and two veg.
Well done that LAST EWE!
- 18 May 2009 at 14:16
- Mopsa said...
Welshcakes - I snored for England til 9am - luxury!
WW - I would if I could dare to touch it...which I can't.
Yeehaa, Lockspark! That sticky stuff works better than any other rodent attracting ingredient.
- 18 May 2009 at 14:38


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DENVER — Ready for a trip in the next few weeks? Frontier Airlines has a deal that might work for you.
The Denver-based airline announced Wednesday its "Fly For Only a Buck" sale, a promotion that includes last-minute flights from several cities across the country for only $1 (plus fees).
What's the catch?
The ticket is only $1, but after the fees you will pay $15 each way. You'll also pay extra for a carry-on bag, checked bag or seat assignment.
However, if you're willing to travel with a backpack and are fine with a middle seat in the back of the plane, you could fly for as little as $30 round trip.
According to Frontier, the flights are from Denver; Atlanta; Chicago; Cleveland; Philadelphia; Trenton, N.J.; and Washington. However, several other cities are included in the $1 sale.
Flying from Denver International Airport, there are $15 one-way fares (including the fees) to Las Vegas; Austin, Texas; Atlanta; Houston; Miami; and Greensboro, N.C.
You can check for flights at flyfrontier.com. Frontier's website is getting slammed this morning, so the pages might take a long time to load.
The terms
You must purchase tickets by 10 p.m. MDT Wednesday. Travel is valid from Sept. 2-16. Sept. 8 is a blackout date.


text:
hmlFREDERIK SOFTSHELL JACKET
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text:
You can choose from a selection of online auction platforms, and register to bid.
Arrange to bid for this item by phone or by absentee bid.
Arrange to bid for this item in person at the auction house.
Choose from one of the following online auction platforms to register for this auction.
Attributed: David Teniers (1610 - 1690) O/C
Attributed: David Teniers (the Younger), Flemish (1610 - 1690) Oil on Canvas Laid on Masonite, Festive Scene with Figures, Unsigned. Sight measures 13-5/8" H x 16-1/4" W, frame measures 20" H x 22-5/8" W. Condition: Conserved condition, craquelure Estimate: $1500.00 - $2500.00 Domestic Shipping: $165.00
Item Condition: Conserved condition, craquelure
Category: Fine Art
Estimate: $1500 - $2500


text:
Our family just had the most amazing 5-day weekend. We have all been looking forward to it – a break from work and school, time with family, good food to eat, a chance to sleep in. (And sleep in we did – our new average wake-up time is 7:30! I haven't used an alarm clock in nearly a week.) However, both kids told me multiple times today that they do not want to go back to school tomorrow, so I anticipate Monday morning will be rough. Continue reading
Monthly Archives: November 2014
But I'm too BUSY to find GOD!
I am an accountant, though I don't like to define my existence by this title. I'd rather be identified as wife, mom, child of God. But unfortunately, this role as "accountant" seems to be where I spend a lot of my time. Continue reading
Drawn to the Dark Side
In an attempt to make my family more "cultured" I recently purchased an annual membership to the local art museum (Joslyn). Two months passed, and though I had great intentions of making a visit, it did not happen. I blamed it on the 2-year-old. She would make the trip to an art museum disastrous! Continue reading
Seeking the presence of God
Have you felt the certain presence of God? For me, this has happened while listening to a song, or during a moment in community with others, or in a quiet stillness in nature. In these moments I feel the presence of the Spirit like a sharp wind through my soul; an intense intimacy with God. These moments are so powerful for me, and I can't grasp why others don't feel this exact same way! Continue reading
Living in the now, yet open to God's call
Today is my 35th birthday. I have to say that out loud to believe it is actually true. One half of a lifetime ago, when I graduated from high school, 35 seemed so far away. What kind of person would I be? What would my life be like? Continue reading


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The Gaming Community is MUCH Larger than You Probably Realize
Pardon me for a minute while I bury the lead here. Earlier this year, Dealerscope extensively covered the eSports market. This category of consumer tech enthusiast is passionate, willing to invest, and crazy loyal (to their team, to their game, to their platform, and so on). But perhaps most important about the eSports industry is this: It's booming. And all of that passion has the potential to greatly impact the CE retail industry.
From the sales of gaming accessories, to the reputation retailers can mold as being the go-to local chain for gaming gear, eSports could be a huge boost to a retailer's bottom line.
It's hard to place a figure on just how much the gaming industry is worth. But if you look at the prize money alone that was handed out at the professional level—$93.3 million in 2016—you can just imagine the possibilities.
Rob Stott is corporate communications manager, Nationwide Marketing Group


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The biotechnology company Thermo Fisher Scientific opened its recently expanded facility with a ribbon-cutting and tour Monday morning.
Thermo Fisher Scientific expanded the distribution center and added a new facility dedicated to handling cryogenic storage and the National Cancer Institute Repository for Clinical Trials. The center will now be the distribution hub for life sciences in North America.
Thermo Fisher Scientific, headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts, has been in Frederick for about 30 years, said Dave Meadows, vice president and general manager for Fisher BioServices. There are also locations in Jessup, Rockville and Germantown.
Frederick County was the ideal location for the expanded facility because of its proximity to universities and research institutions such as Johns Hopkins University, Morgan State University, University of Maryland Medical System, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research and the National Cancer Institute, said Bret Schreiber, senior director of the Office of BioHealth and Life Sciences at the Maryland Department of Commerce.
For Mark Stevenson, chief operating officer of Thermo Fisher Scientific, the location also allows the company to meet goals of giving customers one-day service.
"It's very important that we're able to serve our customers in a timely manner when they order our product," Stevenson said.
In addition to the improvements in distribution and life sciences, the new expansion allows Thermo Fisher Scientific to house a cybersecurity department. Stevenson said at a ribbon-cutting ceremony that cybersecurity is becoming a bigger priority in light of the hacks happening across the world and targeting major companies.
While Thermo Fisher Scientific has historically brought more jobs in the life sciences to Frederick, the cybersecurity division will open up more positions, said Helen Propheter, director of the county's Office of Economic Development.
More jobs in Frederick means an increased possibility of more people moving to the company, using the facilities around the county and more students in the schools. It also works the opposite way. More jobs in the county will mean residents will have more options to work close to home, Propheter said.
Frederick County helped fast-track the necessary permits for the expansion due to a sensitive timeline, Propheter said.
One reason for the expedited expansion is the work done for the National Cancer Institute. The work is a competitive bid that Thermo Fisher Scientific must apply for every five years, said Niveen Mulholland, director of government operations for Fisher BioServices. The company has held the contract for 32 years.
The company needed to be able to support a 25 percent increase in growth each year as part of the contract, and the new facility will allow them to do so, Mulholland said.
In addition to the new space for the National Cancer Institute work, the expanded facility includes a space for the Cryo-Innovation Center. The space has 10 upright freezers and 45 cryogenic storage units, said Bruce Simpson, director of cell therapy for Fisher BioServices.
"It just blows my mind. It's personalized medicine," Simpson said.


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Whiteface Mountain Boasts Exceptional Skiing and Boarding
Whiteface Mountain, one of the highest peaks of the Adirondack Mountains in New York State, offers excellent snow sport conditions a mere five hour drive from New York City. Considered to feature some of the most challenging snowboarding and snow skiing terrain in the United States, Whiteface also offers beginner and intermediate ski trails for snow sport fans to sharpen their skills.
With the backing of state funding, the facilities at Whiteface Mountain Ski Center are continually being upgraded to ensure that skiers enjoy the top class facilities they have come to expect. Increased snowmaking, impeccable grooming, diligent trail maintenance and expanded educational programs are all aspects of improvement that skiers can look forward to enjoying.
Snow skiing enthusiasts generally agree that Whiteface Mountain has the greatest vertical drop (3,430 feet) east of the Rocky Mountains. Add to this the fact that its race courses are fully sanctioned for international competitions, and it is clear to see why Whiteface has been the recipient of a number of awards, including one for excellence in fish and wildlife habitat protection.
The Whiteface Park n Pipe features more than thirty thrilling jumps and rails. The Park n Pipe is split into five areas which are graded by level of difficulty, starting off with the Kid's Park, which includes bumps, rollers a mini-halfpipe and a couple of rails, working up to Brookside – the beyond-description ultimate park.
Considered by many to be the only genuine double-black diamond ski area in the eastern United States, the Slides at Whiteface offer expert skiers an unforgettable adrenalin rush. Generally open in March and April, depending on snowfall and other operational issues, the Slides are not altered in any way – no grooming, cutting or snowmaking. The nearest chair lift drops adventurers off at Summit Quad, and after a short hike, skiers can look forward to a thrilling journey down, which even includes negotiating deep snow on a frozen waterfall.
In addition to all the snow skiing and snowboarding facilities that Whiteface offers, there are numerous options for accommodation, from luxury lodges to basic no-frills quarters. Whiteface is celebrating 50 years of fun during the 2007/2008 snow skiing season and, in true Whiteface tradition, visitors can expect plenty of excitement throughout the season.


text:
+ Archbishop Thomas Menamparampil, SDB, D.D.
+ Most. Rev. Thomas Pulloppillil, D.D.
+ Most. Rev. John Moolachira, D.D.
+ Archbishop Thomas Menamparampil, SDB, D.D.
+ Most. Rev. Thomas Pulloppillil, D.D.
+ Most. Rev. John Moolachira, D.D.
Hi Binoti, It is nice to seen your blog, I congratulate and assure all the support.
Mita Sen
I am very happy to see your blog and I congratulate you on this initiative. May God bless you. Please continue with the good work. Praying for you
Dear Binoti Basumatary
I too appreciate this initiative to bring all the church dedicated to Infant Jesus, to a large media where thousand of people come closer to him.
You are called by Jesus for a special task to do work. Continue with same spirit which St. Paul had and also many of the church leaders.
Over come the difficulties, problems you face in your way where you carry the truth to the world, and I assure you Jesus is always with you. Let he bless you and guide you.
with prayers
Fr. Thomas
Diphu Diocese
Good work Webmaster,
A platform people can come and pray and a team (prayer group) can monitor and pray for those who request. I would like to join with you and help, if anything can do from my side. what should I do? I will be mail you my contact Info. please call me. or mail me your No.
thanks, May the Infant Jesus bless you.
Sunitha Mohan
Dear Binoti Basumatary, I appreciate this initiative to bring all the church of Infant Jesus, to the net. This was thought by none. Many more blessings from Jesus, I too pray for all the success in your perseverance.
Violet Moshahari
Hi webmaster good work, people can online make prayer and can have single platform make community. I appreciate this hard work. Iwould like to be a part of htis.
May the Infant Jesus bless everyone.
Unexpectedly I came from FACEBOOK.. It is inspiring everyone..but can I a suggestion.. Place a achieve in the sidebar or give a site map. It take long time to browse your site... thank you
Please pray for my mothers suspected breast cancer..
Dear brother/Sister,
My mother is in deep pain.She is sick from the past 2 years,she has got high diabetes,blood pressure,cholestrol,heart problem. In the month of march she had a fracture,in her hand wrist,it was broken.i m the only child of my parents and i m married now,
although my mother was in great pain and with broken hand my father didnt take care of her,as he doesnt love her.he hates her.
He is a highly dominating kind of person who doesnt let my mother talk to anybody,dont let anybody to come to our house,he just want her to be at home like a prisoner,and if she ever protested he did very bad things with her,he even beaten her.
After my marriage,his nature became more wierd.he is treating her very badly.when in the month of may i went to see her at patna,her hand was broken and was in a great pain,she was working with one hand.i got her plaster done.
then i brought her to mumbai at my home,now when she came to mumbai,we did her check ups,and found so many problems in her body,she was fainting and couldnt stand properly.my fathers ignorance has made her mentally weak.she was suffering from severe chest pain from the last 2 years
but she didnt tell anybody.last week the pain was severe,i checked her and found a big gland on her left breast which was in a very bad condition.
we rushed to the hospital.we did mammography,sonography elastography and many other tests,and doctors have suspected breast cancer. i m heart broken.tomorrow is final test.which is FNAC of breast.. which will detect fianl cancer cells.. please pray for my mothers life and these cancerous glands removal.. i know prayers can do miracles
pls brothers and sisters pray for my mother for her long life,i dont want her to die..her age is 55 ,her name is JOYCE LAWRENCE.
My fathers name is SHAIL KUMAR LAWRENCE. aGE- 58 Yrs,
my father doesnt love my mother,he doesnt even have a single soft corner and pain for her,plz pray for his mind change and fill it with love and care for my mummy.
plz pray for my mother long life ,plz paray that god should heal her and vanish her cancerous cells even though they are present,
Plz pray that the report will show a non cancerous gland,even though doctors are sure for the cancer,but i know this night she will be healed and doctors willl find no cancerous cell in it.she will be healed tonight..
I want god to heal her..plz pray for my mothers serious condition.she is fainting and feeling like vomiting,she is suffering from great pain in head also..
i beleive in gods power,she will be healed.
In the name of almighty god..
yours sad and lonely sister,


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Bruce is heading to Broadway! It is going to be a difficult ticket for us Springsteen fans to acquire. In this episode, Jesse collects some thoughts and feelings from various Bruce fans and he shares his opinion on this latest chapter in The Boss' journey. Please send your thoughts via email – firstname.lastname@example.com, twitter – @setlustingBruce or by voice mail – 214-736-3121
Jesse is joined by Rob Southgate to discuss their new book, PodLife: Podcaster's Stories (How they got started, how they stay inspired, and the stories they have to tell.)
To support the Kickstarter for PodLife, go to http://kck.st/2vr8N5d
Find PodLife on Facebook at @PodLifeTheBook
Rob's Twitter - @RSouthgate
Jesse's Twitter – @jessejacksonDFW
Email the show (and Rob) at email@example.com
In this week's episode of Set Lusting Bruce, Jesse completes the set of talking to his siblings. Last year his sister Rita joined him and now his brother Dean has joined the Set Lusting Bruce team. Dean and Jesse spend time talking about listening to music in Jesse's Plymouth Arrow, our youthful love of KISS and the give a lot of love to music moments on Aaron Sorkin's TV shows especially Sports Night! Please download, share and remember to rate and review us on iTunes.
Jesse Jackson @JesseJacksonDFW
Terry @damagedgoodstheshow
Facebook Page
Not Your Father's Podcast
Twitter @NotYourDadsPod
Jesse's Twitter @JesseJacksonDFW
Jesse's Twitter @JesseJacksonDFW
Winter is here! Despite it being hot as hades here in Dallas Texas, Jesse is joined by Game of Thrones Blogger Pat Sponaugle to talk about the return of Game of Thrones and specifically the music on the show. Hope you enjoy our Westros journey!
Pat's Twitter @patman23
Jesse's Twitter @JesseJacksonDFW
Pat's blog – patricksponaugle.com
Adam Warrock's stuff:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dtKCDlpTEKs (When the Winter Comes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yU6HAc1K4Go (We Do Not Sow - I particularly like this, because no one writes songs about the Greyjoys)
MelodySheep (the videos are certainly worth watching, I can also just enjoy the music)
(The Dragon's Daughter - this one has a beautiful rendition of Sam and Jon taking their vows, before kicking into serious Dany stuff.)
Mark's email - email@example.com
Smile Live https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UbNwhm2EX8
Beautiful Dreamer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0SriaRRcA6w
The Show Down podcast
The Miller Times Podcast
Corey @nkogonzo
Today in a special cross over episode, Jesse is joined by Junior and Bob (his fellow cohosts from the "How Many" podcast) to discuss and debate Bruce's two most pop friendly songs Dancing in the Dark and Glory Days. Hope you enjoy our discussion and we would love to hear which song you would have picked. Also if you like our banter, please check out our How Many podcast.
Junior's Twitter @Mexican_Junior
Bob's Twitter @lukewarmtallboy
Jesse's Twitter @JesseJacksonDFW
Episode 99 Michael Capehart - Set Lusting Bruce
On this week's episode of the podcast, Jesse is joined by Michael Capehart a self confessed Springsteen neophyte and they discuss Michael's musical background and his thoughts on a selected number of Springsteen songs. Hope you enjoy the discussion and please remember to go to iTunes to rate & review the podcast. It is a great way to show your support for the show. Next week is the show's big 100 episode week. So be sure and subscribe to the podcast so you don't miss an episode!
Jesse's Twitter @jessejacksonDFW
The 100th episode of Set Lusting Bruce is happening soon. I would love for you to send a voice mail congratulating the podcast and/or some comments about the podcast on my skype voice mail. Call 214-736-3121 or email me an mp3 file. Thanks
The 100th episode of Set Lusting Bruce is happening soon. I would love for you to send a voice mail congratulating the podcast and/or some comments about the podcast on my skype voice mail. Call 214-736-3121 or email me an mp3 file. Thanks


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Project Details
Project Title: Impact of changes in the food environment on food and drink purchasing using large-scale secondary data
Supervisory Team
Principal Supervisor: Professor Steve Cummins (LSHTM)
Co-Supervisor: Dr Laura Cornelsen (LSHTM)
Co-Supervisor: Dr Andrea Ballatore (Birkbeck College)
Poor diets are increasingly linked to a range of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer and stroke as well as dental caries, obesity and type 2 diabetes and contribute substantially to excess morbidity, mortality, and rising health-care costs (1,2). Features of the built environment, such as increased access to fast-food and poorer access to supermarkets and grocery stores, have been, in turn linked with poor diets. Although the existing body of research looking at the influence of built environment risks to diet and diet-related health outcomes is substantial, the evidence remains inconsistent and largely consists of studies from the U.S. (3). Research to date has focused on the direct effects on health and has not investigated how the specific elements of the local food environment drives purchases of specific foods and how changes in the local food environment change purchasing behaviours – a key part of the causal pathway. Part of the reason for this is limited availability of high quality data on household food purchases for consumption inside and outside of the home. This data, where available, is often cross-sectional, lacks granularity and is often unable to distinguish in sufficient detail from which outlets foods have been purchased.
The aim of this project is to explore whether different elements of the local food environment are associated with changes in purchasing of food and drinks for consumption both inside and outside homes over time and how these may influence diet and dietary outcomes.
1. To construct novel time-varying relative and absolute measures of the local food environment and matched with data on household food purchasing.
2. Examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between features of the local food environment and household food and drink purchasing for consumption both in- and outside of the home.
3. Analyse whether these effects are distributed and whether they are modified by markers of socio-economic position, product price and household composition.
4. Utilise the effects of changes in purchasing behaviour to estimate the effect on diet-related health outcomes.
To achieve these objectives, the PhD will take advantage of access to a unique highly disaggregated large-scale commercial dataset on household food and drink purchases for consumption inside and outside homes (Kantar Worldpanel). The dataset comprises product-level scanner information on food purchases for 30,000 UK households for the period 2012-2017 (c210 million observations). These data will be linked through geocoding with measures of the social and built food environment exposures as well as undertaking georeferenced sentiment analysis of social media data. A key part of the thesis will be the creation of these novel environmental exposures by the student based on existing geospatial data on food businesses (e.g. OS Points of Interest, FSA outlet data). A range of advanced statistical and economic models will be employed to undertake analyses including the use of longitudinal and spatial regression methods, and methods to undertake health impact modelling.
Key References
1. Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet 2014; 384: 766–81.
2. Dobbs R, Sawers C, Thompson F, et al. Overcoming obesity: an initial economic analysis. London: McKinsey & Company, 2014.
3. Cummins S, & Macintyre S. Food environments and obesity: neighbourhood or nation? International Journal of Obesity 2006; 35(1) 100-104
Subject areas: epidemiology, economics, geography, statistics, population health
Keywords: food environment, diet, obesity, neighbourhood, built environment
Eligibility Requirements
We invite applications from outstanding and highly motivated students who have a Masters degree in epidemiology, quantitative social/geographical science, GIScience, data science, social/medical statistics, modelling or similar with a substantial quantitative component. An undergraduate degree (1st class honours or 2.1) in a relevant discipline with demonstrable strong quantitative component is desirable.
The studentship is only open to applicants who meet the Home/EU fee rate requirements. For further information about Fee Status Assessment please see the School's policy & procedure document.
How to Apply
To apply for this studentship, applicants should submit an application for research degree study in the Faculty of Public Health & Policy, via the LSHTM application portal. Under the 'Funding Section' of the application form please clearly state 'Bloomsbury PhD Studentship'. Instead of uploading a research proposal please upload a one-page cover document stating that you are applying for this project, and outlining why you are a suitable candidate for the PhD.
The deadline for applications is Tuesday 30 April 2019 (previous deadline extended).
Incomplete applications will not be considered for this studentship.
For any queries regarding the project please contact the Principal Supervisor: firstname.lastname@example.com.
For any queries regarding the application process please contact the Scholarships team: email@example.com.


text:
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The Next Generation of House Building Software Powered by Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central. Is your lack of pipeline visibility affecting your efficiency and accuracy across multiple stages of your house building projects? Do you want to improve and streamline your sales process, and deliver exceptional customer care to your house buyers? Do you struggle to get all the information you need quickly to make business decisions? Are issues that arise post-sale difficult to manage? Look no further than housebuilder365, the latest innovation in house building software.Request a Demo Download Brochure
The average business uses up to 13 different applications, wasting 40% of worker's productivity time when switching tasks. Businesses who use fully integrated systems see an improvement in process efficiency, a boost in sales and an increase in profit.
housebuilder365 is a fully integrated house builder solution, ideal for housebuilders of all sizes -from large developers to smaller specialist house builders. Top triggers to review your existing house building solution include:
Looking for construction software? We can help.
Do you require a system that offers comprehensive and integrated functionality that is easy to use and available anytime and anywhere.? This is what housebuilder365 delivers:
Drive revenue
Contact and pre-sales management will allow you to effectively record potential buyers, manage interest and process these through to completion.
Detailed cost analysis
Analyse revenues and costs at Development, Phase and Plot Levels, including both a Cost Head and Work Package structure. With the invoicing functionality, you can record and manage house sales with ease.
Real time committed, accrued and actual cost visibility
With our home building accounting software purchase orders can be raised through the system and posted as committed costs. As deliveries are received and invoiced, the costs on the contract are updated providing an up to date and accurate cost analysis.
Effective plant management
Empower your users by enabling them to easily monitor plant (internal and external) used on each contract and identify which plant items should be returned. The plant module ensures accurate costs are posted to each contract as plant is used.
Timesheet management
Record and post labour to the Development, Phase and Plot. Your timesheet entries can also be posted to your payroll package through the export routine
Sub-Contractor Processing
Process Sub-Contractor Orders, Invoices and Payments. Easily maintain Sub-Contractor records and ensure compliance with HMRC's Construction Industry Scheme. You can also manage Sub-Contractor insurance!
Cost Value Reconciliation (CVR)
Easily monitor and report on Development, Phase & Plot performance. Your finance or contracts users can accrue additional costs or revenues per plot basis, ensuring profits shown in both contract costing and finance display an accurate picture.
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Banien's Deep
Anuire » Aerenwe » Banien's Deep
This Erebannien province of Banien's Deep is protected from the storms that occasionally roll in from the Suidemiere by some hills in the south of the province, near the coast. It is the most hilly and broken part of the forest and it's rarely visited by common folk.
As with much of the Erebannien, Baniens Deep is unspoiled by human touch. Apart from the two villages in the area, a traveller could walk for days and not encounter another human.
In the southern areas where the ground rises into wooded hills, encounters with monsters are more common. More than one explorer has met an untimely fate at the hands of trolls or griffins.
Baniens Deep has no formal authority. Rangers and woodsmen patrol the land with the forests best interests at heart, and deal with anyone who harms the wood in any way.
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A while ago I wrote about Fiji Water and how it came to be. After arguing with friends over whether all these bottles truly originate in Fiji I did a bit of research and here is what I came up with.
I hope to start a discussion thread at OAC with a follow up I am working on about the efforts of producers from "Least Developed Countries" (LDCs) to own, manage and earn income from intellectual property (IP) in export markets such as the U.S. and EU. I believe that understanding of the role "intangible value" and management of intangibles plays in modern commerce and development strategies can tell us a great deal about world economy and our current moment in history.
It's a story that can be told in many ways. Movies should not be the only ones with trailers:
Views: 374
May I ask a question about the necktie graph of the relative shares of production costs, distribution margin, and intangible value? Since the neckties are the same size, they convey the impression that the total size of the market remained unchanged from 1982 to 2007. Thus, simultaneously, they suggest that producer incomes have fallen, while the shares of distribution and intangible value have increased. I am not suggesting that producers shouldn't get a larger share of the total necktie; just wondering how much the total market grew in the 25 years in question.
[Part IV ....]
And perhaps the most important ingredient, as you rightly remind: Timing, indeed, is everything.
[Final portion - part III]
I want to re-produce that text at OAC in full, with graphics, images, multi-media and try to make it a basis for a forum discussion. I would reach out to specific OAC folks who could be interested. I also see ways of attracting a lot more of us, young "development-industrial complex" minions into these discussions. It's a world full of people with a lot to say, a lot to ask, a lot to think about, but who lack the time and proper forum to plug into and keep coming back. There is a huge force there to be harnessed. The catch-22 is their sheer busy-ness managing, coordinating never ending projects and the apparent uselessness and time waste in academic arm-chairing. Yet, they long for a break to stop for a moment, have a bit of time and help to finally engage all these questions, confusions, insights bubbling up in their skulls week after week, meeting after meeting, field trip after field trip. It would be my practical answer to your question in the thread regarding OAC's birthday, started by Nikos a few weeks ago. I think after this more humble step (I expect it to be, of course, a mixed bag) I would be ready to turn your and others' feedback into a working paper that would engage some original data from my encounters with Ethiopian fine coffee and African IP Trust; something along the lines of describing three unlikely encounters with IP and ponderings about value, development, neoliberalism: Ethiopian fine coffee, Fiji water, and the Kalahari San's saga of worldwide licensing of a patent based on xhoba cactus (Comaroffs). Of course, behind all of this lurk my "ethnographic dreams" of documenting one of these stories as a proper anthropologist, from stakeholder meetings under a tree, bureaucratic wars within export promotion commissions, to dazzling presentations at brand strategy firm headquarters, focus groups, implementation of marketing plans, licensor-licensee interaction, "production" of intangibles, efforts to boost confidence at the farm gate to charge more as export price rises. This ambition and my above enemies provide for a particular kind of torture. But what else is there but to try. When I do the up-and-down scaling right, there is a way. I think you get a sense of how much I'm grateful to you for providing these tools and language with which to face the torture.
[Part cut off in the earlier post]
All of this began as I found myself working for a small NGO trying to do something never done before: uniting of the Ethiopian fine coffee sector and de-linking from world commodity markets and tying of pricing to retail through management of three particular brands, establishment of an umbrella brand, and building of a world-wide network of licensed distributors. The case to be made was that IP can, in certain cases, have a poverty alleviating impact (for about five million people producing and exporting three particular kinds of coffee) by not only increasing income but also by making it more secure in ways that commodity traps cannot. A giant clash with Starbucks followed and a mad worldwide public campaign, with Ethiopia emerging victorious, but, of course, the story is complicated and largely untold. Then also came my witnessing of licensing revenue streams for Uruguayan Guyaki for the worldwide use of their name (re: yerba mate), all sorts of feasibility studies on Madagascar essential oils, Mozambique-Tanzania joint strategy on blackwood for woodwind instruments, Ugandan vanilla, Jamaican beauty products, Maasai approaches to enter into licensing agreements with various companies using their IP (I fully agree with the unease that the use of this terms causes) and so on. This was accompanied with a wide range of training designed to turn various African stakeholders (another instance of unease) into brand managers, licensee liaisons, supply chain analysts and IP biz strategists. Then there is, of course, the encounter of those folks with PR, advertising, and law firms, providing pro-bono focus groups, brand collaterals, defense of trademarks and such. I am aware of my privileged access to a particularly interesting, revealing story of our moment. As a non-academic, I'm also obsessed with multi-media storytelling and another wet dream is telling this story in an Adam Curtis way, which is yet another discovery I owe to you.
I have two great enemies: I am a very slow writer (I admire and envy your pace and output) and I'm intimidated by what I don't know. But that's my own battle and OAC is my chosen ground where to face these villains. (My C.L.R. James type of letter to you is still outstanding.) The prospect of engaging Mintz!, Sahlins!, Applbaum! Forster! (you!), makes me jump around with a smile. My plan is to finish my follow up on Fiji Water, which basically attempts to answer the question that inevitably bubbles up after reading that initial bit of research I did: so what? It's an attempt at an anatomy and biography of a brand, "brand equity," showing what it means to be an "IP colony" but also what "Corporate Social Responsibility 2.0" might look like – in, indeed, a neoliberal world. Only in such a world, I am aware, where labor is a global buyer's market, is something like the below possible:
I want to re-produce that text at OAC in full, with graphics, images, multi-media and try to make it a basis for a forum discussion. I would reach out to specific OAC folks who could be interested. I also see ways of attracting a lot more of us, young "development-industrial complex" minions into these discussions. It's a world full of people with a lot to say, a lot to ask, a lot to think about, but who lack the time and proper forum to plug into and keep coming back. There is a huge force there to be harnessed. The catch-22 is their sheer busy-ness managing, coordinating never endi
Prof. Hart, thank you for these very kind words and for the wealth of leads and inspiration you seem to produce in an instant. I've been thinking about how to do my part in generating discussion and even collaboration at OAC. Way more thinking than actual contributing, as it's obvious. The idea of a working paper and a seminar has been on my mind for many months. More than anything, it is my self-conscious awareness of my many blind spots in theory that make me continuously shy away from bolder propositions. The possibility of hearing from Sahlins, Mintz, Foster, and especially Applbaum sends me at once into a happy frenzy and self-doubt whether I really have anything to say worthy of such attention. When all that settles, I know I do, if for nothing else but for being a witness to some of these "pro-poor IP" efforts; my true mission/challenge/homework here is this personal up and down scaling of the world on this particular topic. I cannot overstate the guidance from dead ends and dark corners that my endless digging through the Memory Bank has provided.
This initial background to the story of Fiji Water owes its key points to Martha Kaplan's 2007 Current Anthropology paper. Her admiration for Robert Forster's work is clear. His 2005 Anthropology Today paper The Work of the New Economy: Consumers, Brands, and Value Creation I've read more than once. Comaroffs have just come out with a fascinating polemic, Ethnicity, Inc. It raises all the questions that have been chasing each other in my head since about 2005 when I, a D.C. international development staffer, "fell" onto the topic and caught a virus that has been fueling the obsession ever since. Kalman Applbaum 's working paper for the 2008 LSE Rethinking Economies conference I keep rereading monthly it seems. It's now paired with your paper on IP. "The Marketing Era" is the obvious destination. I had to first get my hands on Dr. Hahn and your recent history/critique of economic anthropology. It's the only reading on my endless D.C. subway rides. I know very well that I'm also heading towards an anthropological theory of value and towards David Graeber. Perhaps all roads lead there. William Mazzarela's (who I believe introduces you in your lecture on national capitalism) Very Bombay has provided a template for my ethnographic dreams, as, of course, did Mintz's treatment of sugar and his biography of a sugar cane worker. And then there is also something to be done with business schools and the likes of Douglas Holt of Oxford's Said and others working in what is labeled as sociocultural wing of marketing. I'm aware of the blind spots they bring but also find that Holt's, for instance, critique of anthropological engagement with branding (re: David Wengrow's Prehistories of Commodity Branding) is on point. I was not aware of Michael Brown's work, thank you! Same with Noam Yurian; I would love to get my hand on his dissertation and will reach out.
All of this began as I found myself working for a small NGO trying to do something never done before: uniting of the Ethiopian fine coffee sector and de-linking from world commodity markets and tying of pricing to retail through management of three particular brands, establishment of an umbrella brand, and building of a world-wide network of licensed distributors. The case to be made was that IP can, in certain cases, have a poverty alleviating impact (for about five million pe
Well, this is a big topic, Boris. You have crammed a lot into this post and it's antecedent on Superculture, perhaps more than your average OAC skimmer is willing to take on board. Also attention drops at this time of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. Timing is everything. Perhaps you would be willing to put together a Workling Paper for the OAC Press series and we could run an online seminar on this theme.
My first thought is to wonder what Marshall Sahlins would think of all this. It ought to be a natural (sic) link between his interest in Fijian history and ethnography and his critique of bourgeois culture. Sidney Mintz might be persuaded to offer some thoughts too.
For the more academically minded, a link to Michael F. Brown's book and blog might be interesting.His 1998 article, Can culture be copyrighted? (with CA discussion) is as good a place to start as any.
Robert J. Foster is a leading exponent of the anthropology of brands, as in Coca-globalization and his more recent work on corporations. Noam Yuran's unpublished thesis has some of the most far-reaching and distinctive thinking on brands that I have come across lately. You might approach him. Both of them are OAC members.
My feeling is that most anthropologists and anthropology-sympathizers are on the wrong side when it comes to intellectual property. Asserting native ownership rights reproduces the international IP regime on which corporate capitalism is based today. I wrote a short book about how democratic culture is corrupted by collapsing the distinction between artificial and real persons in law (summary here). I posted this essay on anthropology and IP five years ago. I tried to get it into Current Anthropology, but it was roundly attacked and I didn't have the stomach to persevere.
So, I obviously share your interest in the topic and admire the work you have done so far on it. How to generate a discussion on OAC? That's another question.


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Questions and Perspectives: Tattoos, Piercings and Chakras
Transcribed and typed Jack through the interdimensional portal
Original Article: http://www.desteni.co.za/a/questions-and-perspectives-tatoos-piercings-and-chakras
Date : 19/10/2007
Question: Please explain more about piercings, tattoos and whether they affect chakras. Perspective: Hi
Tattoos and piercing of the human physical body have no effect on anything whatsoever but the value, worth or meaning you give it within and as your mind as well as the reason for doing it. If tattoos or piercing is done for you: Fine – though if it's done for a separate reason outside of yourself: You will be a slave to the tattoo or piercing done because it'll control you from the perspective that it has 'more meaning' or 'more value' that you yourself as who you are.
Chakras no longer exist – chakras were of the mind consciousness system design to support separation. Here is a document done – where perspective was given of the mind consciousness system of human beings from a picture:
Hi Mr.T
Here's perspective regarding the painting:
(Picture from: http://www.babainstitute.org/alex3.jpg)
1. Let's start with the gridline structures:
This is exactly what the gridline structures interdimensionally look on earth within and as human beings and also the world: What is referred to as the 'Unified Consciousness Field' to which the unconscious mind of all of humanity was connected to.
2. The yellow circular structure around the mind/brain/head area represents the 'God Consciousness' signature. And it also represents where human beings would 'connect' to the 'Unified Consciousness Field' and then have a Euphoric 'God-like Essence' experience during meditation.
3. Then you have the chakra points indicated – the chakra points are actually specific emotional and feeling mind consciousness point centers – the Chakra manifested Construct actually designed by Demons, later used by the White Light construct, within and as human beings – as each Chakra centre contained a specific energetic which they preferred to 'drink from' to maintain their existence from within the Demon dimension. See – Demons were dependant on emotional and feeling compound energy within human beings to have the ability to exist. Each Chakra centre had a interdimensional plug-in system within the human physical body – with pipelines running from the Chakra point to the plug-in points and so the Demons literally 'sucked-out' the necessary amount of energy they required. The pipeline structures connected the Chakra centers (allocated in the centre of your human physical body, all connected together by a 'pillar structure') with the plug-in points (within the muscle tissue of your human physical body). By the plug-in points there were round circular structures within which the specific emotional/feeling energy would flow – and once they're filled – the Demons would have their drink.
From the White Light perspective they used these Charka centre plug-in points to inject implants or information within and as the mind consciousness systems as the Chakra Construct was 'connected' to the mind consciousness system within and as human beings.
We've removed this entire Chakra Construct within human beings entirely – though such an idea of the existence of Chakra's still exists within their mind based on memory.
4. The indicated circle around the human being is the Aura – the Aura is but the resonance of the emotional and feeling energy contained within the Chakra centers which also permeate within and as the entire human physical body as also indicated within this picture/painting. Therefore – the Aura only exist as a round circular formation around the being – separation and limitation.
5. The colours indicated within and as this being – the exact colours of the Chakra centers is how the emotional and feeling energy move within and as the human physical body constantly and continuously – emotions and feelings divided according to colour and section of the Chakra centers – remaining within and as their specific individual movements according to how they're allocated according to the Chakra centers.
As in the picture/painting presented is what it looks like within human beings as emotional and feeling energy movement looked like within human beings.
The only difference now is that everything within and as human beings is compacted and compounded and inverted within to face and deal with appropriately for necessary transcendences, self realisation and self revelation.
A system drawing/painting a system.
So – the above picture/painting is exactly how humans as mind consciousness systems used to look like interdimensionally within this consciousness systems' existence – though, not as apparently 'beautifully' presented here in this picture/painting – much 'worse'.
Desteni Research on the Design of Religion and Spirituality within Consciousness. We explore the reason why people turn to belief, instead of Self-Acceptance and the Fear behind taking self responsibility for ourselves and our world. The Blogs consist of research documents done through the Desteni Interdimensional Portal, as well as the perspectives of members who apply the material within their lives For discussions please join us on the forum: http://desteni.co.za/intro-forum
Friday, September 23, 2011
Questions and Perspectives: Tattoos, Piercings and Chakras
Posted by Andrea Rossouw at 1:15 AM
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Weblogs.us just went through a major server upgrade, which now should result in less downtime. The new website isn't ready yet, as I need to figure out the WordPress XML-RPC API, and until then I can't complete RPC-heir, the XML-RPC recently updated blogs plug-in. Look out for some updates in October, with several plug-in releases, and the launch of the new Weblogs.us homepage.
-John Havlik
[end of transmission, stay tuned]


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