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Two types of quasi-liquid layers on ice crystals are formed kinetically
Edited by Gabor A. Somorjai, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved January 6, 2016 (received for review November 2, 2015)
Thin liquid water layers, so-called "quasi-liquid layers" (QLLs), exist on ice surfaces just below the melting point (0 °C). The formation of QLLs governs various important phenomena on Earth, such as weather- and environment-related issues, winter sports, etc. Hence, QLLs have attracted considerable attention in the fields of ice physics, meteorology, crystal growth, and surface science. Our molecular-level observation of QLLs by advanced optical microscopy reveals that QLLs are formed kinetically as metastable phases only in supersaturated water vapor. This finding opens new horizons of understanding QLLs, which have been so far discussed thermodynamically only at an equilibrium condition.
Surfaces of ice are covered with thin liquid water layers, called quasi-liquid layers (QLLs), even below their melting point (0 °C), which govern a wide variety of phenomena in nature. We recently found that two types of QLL phases appear that exhibit different morphologies (droplets and thin layers) [Sazaki G. et al. (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(4):1052−1055]. However, revealing the thermodynamic stabilities of QLLs remains a longstanding elusive problem. Here we show that both types of QLLs are metastable phases that appear only if the water vapor pressure is higher than a certain critical supersaturation. We directly visualized the QLLs on ice crystal surfaces by advanced optical microscopy, which can detect 0.37-nm-thick elementary steps on ice crystal surfaces. At a certain fixed temperature, as the water vapor pressure decreased, thin-layer QLLs first disappeared, and then droplet QLLs vanished next, although elementary steps of ice crystals were still growing. These results clearly demonstrate that both types of QLLs are kinetically formed, not by the melting of ice surfaces, but by the deposition of supersaturated water vapor on ice surfaces. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence that supersaturation of water vapor plays a crucially important role in the formation of QLLs.
Ice is one of the most abundant materials on Earth, and its surfaces are covered with thin liquid water layers even below their melting point (0 °C) (1⇓⇓–4). Such thin liquid water layers are called "quasi-liquid layers" (QLLs). Because QLLs govern the surface properties of ice just below the melting point, it is well acknowledged that surface melting of ice governs a wide variety of phenomena, such as electrification of thunderclouds (4, 5), regelation (4, 6), frost heave (4, 7), conservation of foods, ice skating (1, 8), preparation of a snowman (1), and growth of ice crystals (2, 4). Therefore, it is essential to understand the surface melting of ice crystals at the molecular level.
After Michael Faraday proposed the existence of QLLs in 1842 (1), many studies experimentally confirmed the formation of QLLs by various methods (Table S1). All such studies revealed that the thickness of QLLs significantly increases with increasing temperature. However, such the studies used spectroscopy and scattering methods, which can obtain only temporally and spatially averaged information, or optical microscopy, which does not have sufficient spatial resolution. Hence, the nature of surface melting has not been fully unlocked. To further understand the dynamic behavior of QLLs, we need to perform real-time and real-space observations of ice crystal surfaces at the molecular level.
Recently, we and Olympus Engineering Co., Ltd., have developed one such technique, namely, laser confocal microscopy combined with differential interference contrast microscopy (LCM-DIM) (9), which can directly visualize the 0.37-nm-thick elementary steps on ice crystal surfaces (10, 11). We found that two types of QLL phases with different morphologies appear (12⇓–14): Round liquid-like drops (α-QLLs) and thin liquid-like layers (β-QLLs) emerge, irrespective of the face indices of the ice surfaces. Until our recent studies were reported, it had been believed for many years that only one QLL phase appears in the conventional picture of surface melting (2⇓–4). Hence, our results demonstrate that the conventional picture needs significant reexamination.
However, it is still unclear how we can explain the generation of the two types of QLL phases. To approach this issue, we first focused our attention on the thermodynamic stabilities of the two types of QLLs. In this study, we examined a water vapor pressure range in which the two types of QLL phases appeared on ice basal faces when examined by LCM-DIM. As a result, we found that the two types of QLL phases are metastable phases that appear only when the water vapor pressure is higher than a certain critical supersaturation.
Results and Discussion
We prepared an observation chamber (Fig. S1) in which the temperature of sample ice crystals, Tsample, and the partial pressure of water vapor, PH2O, can be separately controlled. We kept the total pressure in the chamber at atmospheric pressure using nitrogen gas, and changed the degree of supersaturation of water vapor σ = (PH2O − Pe)/Pe by changing PH2O (here Pe is the solid−vapor equilibrium pressure). We grew Ih ice single crystals on a cleaved AgI crystal (Fig. S1) at Tsample = −15.0 °C and PH2O = 585 Pa (σ = 13%) in a nitrogen environment. After the preparation of ice single crystals, we increased Tsample to a given temperature. All through this process, we kept the sample ice crystals growing, by carefully changing PH2O and confirming the growth by LCM-DIM observations. Then, we observed the behavior of QLLs on basal faces of sample ice crystals under various PH2O (σ) conditions. LCM-DIM images were processed according to the recipe explained in Fig. S2. Details of the control of Tsample and PH2O were explained in our previous publication (15).
To reveal the thermodynamic stabilities of the two types of QLL phases, we investigated the water vapor pressure range in which the two types of QLLs could exist on ice basal faces. After we changed Tsample and PH2O from −2.4 °C and 585 Pa (σ = 13%) to −2.0 °C and 585 Pa (σ = 13%), both α- and β-QLL phases appeared on a bare ice basal face. Fig. 1 and Movie S1 show the ice basal face after the change. In Fig. 1, white and half-black/white arrowheads represent α- and β-QLLs, respectively. The black arrowhead (Fig. 1A) depicts an elementary step (0.37 nm in height) growing laterally in the direction of the black arrow (10, 11, 15). In this study, the differential interference contrast was adjusted as if the ice crystal surface was illuminated by a light beam slanted from the upper left to the lower right direction (Fig. S3). Hence, the upper left sides and the lower right sides of convex objects showed brighter and darker contrast, respectively, compared with a flat crystal surface. As marked by white arrowheads in Fig. 1 B and C, α-QLLs newly appeared on a β-QLL phase. In addition, adjacent β-QLLs coalesced with each other (half-black/white arrowheads in Fig. 1 B and C), and then β-QLLs grew in the lateral direction.
Next, we reduced PH2O to 568 Pa (to σ = 10%) while keeping Tsample constant at −2.0 °C and observed how the two types of QLLs behaved by using LCM-DIM (Fig. 2 and Movie S2). The arrowheads and arrows have the same meaning as those in Fig. 1. Elementary steps (black arrowheads) grew laterally in the direction of the black arrow. However, under this condition, the β-QLL (half-black/white arrowheads) receded gradually. Finally the β-QLL disappeared completely (Fig. 2 C and D), although α-QLLs (white arrowheads) remained stable.
Then, we further reduced PH2O to 532 Pa (to σ = 3%), keeping Tsample constant at −2.0 °C, and observed the behavior on the ice basal face. Fig. 3 and Movie S3 show the result. The elementary step marked by the black arrowhead in Fig. 3E grew laterally in the black arrow direction, and then reached the position marked by the black arrowhead in Fig. 3F. Hence, we could confirm that PH2O was definitely in a supersaturated condition (σ > 0). However, the α-QLL in Fig. 3 (white arrowheads) became gradually smaller as time elapsed. Then, 2 h after Fig. 3A was taken, the α-QLL disappeared completely.
In Figs. 1−3, we examined the critical PH2O above which α- and β-QLLs could appear, keeping Tsample constant at −2.0 °C. We performed similar observations at various Tsample to determine the pressure−temperature range in which two types of QLLs could grow. We summarize the results in Fig. 4. Blue filled circles and red open rhombuses show the minimum PH2O at which α- and β-QLLs, respectively, could appear (blue and red solid lines are guides for eyes). In other words, α- and β-QLLs could exist only under PH2O conditions higher than these respective plots. Black open squares present the solid−vapor equilibrium PH2O that we determined experimentally from the LCM-DIM observations of the growth and recession of elementary steps and crystal edges (15). Solid and dashed black curves in Fig. 4 show the solid−vapor equilibrium PH2O and the liquid−vapor equilibrium PH2O, respectively, obtained in previous studies (16, 17). The dash-dotted black line also represents the solid−liquid equilibrium PH2O obtained from a calculation using the molar volumes of water and ice, the melting point, and the heat of fusion of ice crystals (18). Fig. 4 clearly demonstrates that, even just below the melting point, α- and β-QLLs appeared only when PH2O was supersaturated for both ice crystals and liquid water. From this result, we proved, for the first time to our knowledge, that α- and β-QLLs are thermodynamically metastable phases. We also found that β-QLLs could appear only in a higher PH2O range than α-QLLs: β-QLLs are less stable than α-QLLs.
Many researchers have experimentally examined the formation of QLLs under various conditions using different techniques (for details, see Table S1). Some reported that QLLs were formed with PH2O corresponding to an undersaturated condition, and others reported the formation of QLLs under an equilibrium or supersaturated condition. Hence, until we performed the present experiments, there was not a unified view about the role of supersaturation. Moreover, as we reported previously (figure S3 of ref. 15), it is not easy to accurately evaluate the supersaturation of PH2O in the vicinity of a growing or sublimating ice crystal. In our new work, we evaluated the supersaturation of PH2O by directly observing the growth and recession of elementary steps. Hence, we believe that we have evaluated the degree of supersaturation more accurately than the other experiments performed so far, and that the results shown in Fig. 4 are substantive.
In the conventional picture of surface melting, it had been thought that only one QLL phase fully covers an ice surface at the solid−vapor equilibrium PH2O (2⇓–4). Lacmann and Stranski first gave a thermodynamic explanation for the wetting of ice crystal surfaces with QLLs (19). Then Kuroda and Lacmann developed this issue into the explanation of morphologies of snowflakes (2). Their theoretical model is based on the competition between the stabilities of a bulk (unstable) and interfaces (stable) of QLLs at the equilibrium PH2O (for details, see Fig. S4) (2). Kuroda and Lacmann evaluated the wettability of a QLL on ice crystal surfaces using values of interfacial free energies determined previously (2, 18, 20), which led them to expect that an ice crystal surface is fully wetted with a QLL (2). Taking into account the contributions of a bulk (unstable) and interfaces (stable) of a QLL, Kuroda and Lacmann assumed that a QLL and an ice can be in equilibrium at the solid−vapor equilibrium PH2O, as schematically shown in Fig. 5A. In addition, taking into account the effects of kinetics, they also presumed that a QLL can exist under both undersaturated and supersaturated PH2O conditions (Fig. 5A).
In Fig. 5B, we also summarize the supersaturation range in which the two types of QLLs appeared in our experiments. In contrast to the conventional picture (Fig. 5A), at equilibrium PH2O, we found that no QLL phase appeared on ice crystal surfaces. This discrepancy was mainly due to the misestimation of free energy of an ice−vapor interface by Kuroda and Lacmann (2), who estimated the ice−vapor interfacial free energy from the density of dangling bonds on ice crystal surfaces. However, at ultrahigh temperatures (just below the melting point), the effects of entropy significantly decrease the interfacial free energy. Hence, they overestimated the ice−vapor interfacial free energy, leading to the complete wetting of ice crystal surfaces with QLLs (Fig. 5A). Because we can directly observe 2D nucleation on an ice crystal surface by using LCM-DIM (10, 11), we plan to accurately evaluate the ice−vapor interfacial free energy from the measurement of 2D nucleation rates in the future.
In addition to the situation for equilibrium PH2O, we found that no QLL phase appeared on ice crystal surfaces under both undersaturated and low supersaturated PH2O conditions (Fig. 5B). QLLs appeared only for PH2O higher than a certain critical supersaturation. This result clearly demonstrates that QLL phases are less stable than ice in any PH2O range. In other words, two types of QLLs are formed kinetically, not by the melting of ice surfaces, but by the deposition of supersaturated water vapor on ice surfaces. To our knowledge, this study shows the first experimental evidence that supersaturation of water vapor plays a crucially important role in the formation of QLLs.
In addition, the two types of QLLs exhibited different stabilities. As demonstrated in this study, β-QLLs appear at a PH2O significantly higher than α-QLLs: the stability of β-QLLs is notably lower than that of α-QLLs. Nevertheless, β-QLLs show a much flatter shape than α-QLLs, implying that β-QLLs have more favorable interaction (i.e. better wettability) with ice surfaces than α-QLLs. To solve this contradiction, we need to obtain more information about the structures of α- and β-QLLs. Hence, we are developing a Raman spectrometer combined with LCM-DIM.
The kinetics of the growth and reduction of α- and β-QLLs is very important. However, to obtain meaningful kinetic data, we need to measure separately the mass transfer processes of water molecules (process 1) between water vapor and QLLs, (process 2) between QLLs and ice surfaces (effects of QLLs on the growth of ice crystals) and (process 3) between α- and β-QLLs. At present, we have no practical idea how to measure the processes 1−3. Hence, the elucidation of these processes is a major challenge for the future.
In this study, we performed in situ LCM-DIM observations on ice basal faces to examine the range of PH2O in which α- and β-QLLs emerged. As a result, we found that α- and β-QLLs are metastable phases that can appear only if PH2O is higher than a critical supersaturation. This result indicates that the two types of QLLs are kinetically formed, not by the melting of ice surfaces, but by the deposition of supersaturated water vapor on ice surfaces. Our findings will provide a key to unlocking the secrets of the various phenomena related with surface melting, from the electrification of thunderclouds to the growth of ice crystals (4).
Materials and Methods
A confocal system (FV300, Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.) was attached to an inverted optical microscope (IX70, Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.), as explained in our recent studies (9, 10). A superluminescent diode (model ASLD68-050-B-FA: 680 nm; Amonics Ltd.) was used as a light source for the LCM-DIM observations. The LCM-DIM system (Fig. S1) used in this study included a large number of the improvements for the molecular-level observation of ice crystal surfaces under atmospheric pressure (10).
The observation chamber had upper and lower Cu plates, whose temperatures were separately controlled, using Peltier elements (Fig. S1B). At the center of the upper Cu plate, a cleaved AgI crystal (a kind gift from G. Layton of Northern Arizona University), well known as an ice-nucleating agent, was attached using heat grease. On this AgI crystal, the sample ice crystals were grown at −15 °C. To supply water vapor to the sample ice crystals, other ice crystals were grown on the lower Cu plate as a source of water vapor. The temperature of the sample ice crystals, Tsample, was determined by controlling the temperature of the upper Cu plate. Because the volume of the source ice crystals on the lower Cu plate was ∼102 times larger than that of the sample ice crystals, the partial pressure of water vapor PH2O inside the observation chamber was dominated by the equilibrium pressure of the source ice crystals. Hence, PH2O was determined by controlling the temperature of the source ice crystals, Tsource (the temperature of the lower Cu plate). Other details, including the calibration of Tsample and PH2O, were reported in our recent study (15).
The authors thank Y. Saito, S. Kobayashi, and K. Ishihara (Olympus Engineering Co., Ltd.) for their technical support of LCM-DIM, G. Layton (Northern Arizona University) for the provision of AgI crystals, and A. A. Chernov (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), H. Nada (AIST), N. Akutsu (Osaka Electro-Communication University), and K. Murata (Hokkaido University) for valuable discussions. G.S. is grateful for partial support by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHIs (Grants 23246001 and 15H02016).
↵1Present address: Department of Creative Technology Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Anan College, Tokushima 774-0017, Japan.
- ↵2To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: sazaki{at}lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp.
Author contributions: H.A., G.S., and Y.F. designed research; H.A., G.S., and K.N. performed research; S.N. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; H.A. and G.S. wrote the paper; and S.N. produced the experimental system.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1521607113/-/DCSupplemental.
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text:
C.P. Company
C.P. Company Crew Sweater / Navy
C.P. Company Garment Dyed Light Fleece. Pocket with a C.P. Lens detailing and a zip on the left sleeve.
- Garment dyed
- Crewneck construction
- Long sleeve
- Ribbed cuffs and hem
- Lens detail in sleeve pocket
- 100% cotton
- Fits true to the size
- Col. 888

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Ahhh, look at that. That is a blissful afternoon in a photo!! I handed in my Purvaai project this afternoon so am feeling good about the world (photos of my work and some of the girls' to follow in the next few posts- very picture heavy I warn you now!!).
I am making a daffodil empire at the moment as there is a spark of an idea for a daffodil covered Easter tree...not sure how that would work but you can never have too many crochet daffodils!!
The creativity in this house at the moment is astounding. Look at these cute turtles that Tash has made for her sister!! Aren't they sweet? My fav is the green one I have to admit.
In other news there has been very exciting post!! My blue ATC returns!! Aren't they pretty? I do love these colour themed cards, the ideas people come up with!!
(By Alison)
(By Wendy) (By Becky)


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Secret Gardens August/October 1988
'The universal concept of the secret garden, ancient and hallowed, is vital to psychic life, whether as a creation of the imagination, or as a real place.'
'Your high walls enclose a small patch of sky and earth, a microscopic landscape where each object is so essential that it is … reduced to a symbol.' Meinrad Craighead 'Elemental Symbols'
'Secret Gardens' was one of a series of exhibitions with the overall title: 'How Does Your Garden Grow' - taking the garden as its central image.
'Secret Gardens' looked into the hidden side of life, and these gardens – padded, quilted and collaged – batik and woven- embroidered, painted and printed – are the gardens of the mind; the gardens of our collective unconscious; the gardens of symbolic myth. They embodied private thoughts and ancient feelings; they evoked 'the whole poetry of creation': regeneration and continuity; fertility and growth, and the endless renewal of life.'
The Artists and Their Work:
Elizabeth Mellor (Oswestry, Shropshire)
Her three works exhibited were from a series of six called 'The Garden Series', in which the image of the garden is used entirely as "a symbolic representation of finite creation". She said: "Although gardens represent universal ideas, I also wanted to use images which were not just of the 'collective', but understood by personal experience."
Her work was about 'creation' and 'creativity'. She researched historical and literary creation myths from around the world, and examined reasons why people need to be creative.
Liza Collins (London)
Liza's tapestries were all woven using the traditional 'Goblin' technique and were made of hand-dyed woollen weft yarns on a cotton warp.
She said: "In my images the 'garden' also represents continuity and regeneration; not only of nature but also of the human spirit. Motifs that derive from buds, seeds, flowers and fruit are used as emblems that celebrate fertility, growth and the endless renewal of life. For me the garden contains the whole poetry of creation; it's strange and fascinating workings, its patterns and processes and its capacity to evolve and change."
Pauline Slater (Preston)
Pauline's work was a little different – A Mourning Banner for Emily Bronte
A moving and personal statement by one woman artist about another - and yet it was also a universal statement created for all women everywhere. It is a secret garden of the imagination.
Gloria Ramsey (Leicester)
Her 'Secret Garden' was, on the one hand, a portrayal of a 'real' garden – but was also that 'secret, ancient and hallowed place' of our dreams. For, as if in a dream, the vital keyhole becomes huge... taking up the whole space...and at the far end of the garden... another gate... leading out ..…to who knows where ...?
Claire Johnson (Northwich, Cheshire)
Claire's two pieces were from her 'Clover' series of 3D works, all of which took inspiration from the growth of clover shapes and the fading and decay of clover colours.
Nicolette May (Kingston-upon-Thames) had just received her degree from Liverpool Polytechnic, she specialized in fabric design.
All of the works were for sale except for the 'Mourning banner'. All artists were happy to take commissions.


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Today's segment on Fox Business focuses on the potential that oil's goose is cooked (for now). I may well be wrong that the $112 seen recently on WTI is the high for the year. But even if it isn't, lower gasoline prices are in store. Which is a good thing. Hooray!
Posts Tagged 'Syria'
File Under: Oil's Goose Cooked?
File Under: Oil Bad, Larry Summers Good
An appearance at a conference in New Jersey today gave me the opportunity to pop into the Squawk Box studio beforehand. Unfortunately, everyone was in a bit of a tizzy about the withdrawal of Larry Summers for Fed Chairman, so oil was very much on the back-burner as a hot topic. Hark, click on the below mugshot for my swift synopsis in the first minute, followed by Joe Kernen winding himself up about the Fed:
File Under: Middle East Mishmash
This afternoon's appearance on Fox Business with Adam Shapiro is a swift tour across the supply concerns in the Middle East as Syria grabs the headlines. Hark, click on the below mugshot to launch to the clip:
File Under: Wrapping Up Market Ingredients
It's always a blast to be on Fox Business with Melissa Francis, as you never know what she's going to talk about next! In less than four minutes we cover many of the market ingredients that are driving oil and gasoline prices higher – from seasonality to equities to currencies, from geopolitical tension to low interest rates and a weaker dollar policy. Hark, click on the below mugshot to see how all of these ingredients are wrapped:
From Oompa Loompas To Oil
I have to confess, I am plagued by an affliction. The more I try and focus on the high-brow stuff, the more I am preoccupied by thoughts of the inane. Hence as I try and get my head around supply and demand in the oil market, my mind drifts off to 'Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory' to try and draw comparisons.
Previously here on the burrito we have looked at energy through the lens of everything from super-heroes to rock bands to cartoons; and today we are going to join the dots betwixt oompa loompas and energyland™. » read more


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Tutorial - Ceres Pendant
by piratcha
Tutorial - Ceres Pendant
You will receive the PDF file, step by step instruction how to make this beautiful pendant.
Although I will show you the step by step, I would recommend this pattern for a beader with basic knowledge of beading. But do not worry if you are a beginner and would like a challenge, I'm here to help you anytime!
Materials for this bracelet.
- Superduo 2.5 x 5mm.
- Swarovski Bicone 3mm.
- Swarovski Rivoli 12 mm.
- 11/0 Rocailles Seed Beads
- 15/0 Rocailles Seed Beads
- Miyuki drop beads 2.8mm
- Jumprings
- Nymo D or your favorite thread
- Beading needle #10
The finished size for the pendant is 34mm x 39mm.
Instant download is now available. After you complete your purchase, you will receive the secure link to download the tutorial from the system. The link will expire within 7 days for security purpose. But you can always contact me if you have any problem downloading the file.
Please do not share, copy or sell this pattern in digital or print form. You can make and sell the finished jewelry, but no mass production. Credit back to me will be lovely!
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text: In order to move articles, catalog entries, etc, into your citation manager you do have to know where to look. Below you will find images of standard database with the link to RefWorks highlighted. Locating these links while working within the particular database environments will allow you to transfer documents and citations to RefWorks.


text:
Weather Blog: Winter Returns Without Snow
Happy new year from Weather Watch 12. January begins with cold and wind. Winds gusted between 30 and 40 miles per hour for much of the day. A wind advisory continues until midnight.
It has been a very odd winter so far. We continue to get only small amounts of snow. We have received just over one inch so far this season. That is from multiple snowfalls. We are over a foot below average for the season. We are starting to close in on the latest 1" snowfall record. The latest Milwaukee has gone before receiving a one inch snowfall occured in 1889. Finally, a one inch snow fell on January 20th. The forecast this week is calling for little to no snow and it looks pretty quiet until the middle of next week.
Even without snow on the ground our temperatures will be cold the next few days. Lows will drop into the teens tonight.
Tuesday morning will be even colder.
The week starts cold, but it will not end that way. Forties are back in the forecast by Thursday. I think I may try to play golf in January in Wisconsin. I have never been able to do that before. Have a great week.


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Drought didn't impact Rotary trees, but vandals did
It was the second Saturday in November 2017 when a crowd of Rotarians from the three Sarnia Rotary Clubs descended upon Holy Trinity and Lansdown schools to plant 100 trees. The weather was cool and damp but that didn't dampen the spirits of the volunteers. They started at 9 a.m. and persevered until not long after lunch.
The objective was to fulfill the challenge that Rotary International President Ian H S Riseley gave to have one tree planted for each Rotary member.
"It is my hope that the result of that effort will be far greater than the environmental benefit that those 1.2 million new trees will bring, "Riseley said. "I will believe the greater result will be a Rotary that recognizes our responsibility not only to the people on our planet, but to the planet itself."
Riseley, who hails from Australia, had no idea how many Rotary Clubs actually planted a tree for each of their members, but we do know that many or most North American and European clubs heeded the call. Some clubs planted a token single tree in their own cities and then went on to plant additional trees in communities in the developing world.
Here in Sarnia, 80 Autumn Fantasy Maple trees were planted at Holy Trinity School as part of their greater plan to improve the playground that included a paved fitness trail, seating for an outdoor classroom and a raised planter that doubles up as a bench to encourage conversation.
Another 20 Maples were planted in the playground at Lansdowne School.
Early in July of this year, eight months after the trees were planted, I took the time to wander through the trees to count the casualties, expecting that at least a handful would not have survived the transplant or not survived June's dry weather. I was pleased to report to the Rotary Clubs that the planting success rate was 100 per cent.
Imagine the disappointment when on Saturday, Sept. 15, a class of senior students along with a few adults discovered that the bark had been stripped of at least eight trees. The group was busy adding a fresh layer of wood mulch over the garden areas when someone spotted the calamity. It was a clean job, almost like someone had just peeled a banana.
Rather than dwell on the act of vandalism, the staff at Holy Trinity chose to turn the issue into a teaching opportunity. They took the time to share with their students the significance of bark to a tree. Students learned how the layer of wood just beneath the bark is most critical to trees' survival.
Just underneath the outer layer of bark sits the cambium cells, a thin layer of most recent growth. Below the cambium layer is sapwood or pipelines whose function is to move water and nutrients to the rest of the tree.
Students were also quick to learn that the leaves on the eight damaged trees turned bright red within days of their bark being removed, while the leaves on the healthy trees remained green until October. The stress resulting from peeled bark was initially similar to the normal transition to cooler fall weather and shorter day length.


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Modern Makers: Meet Hana Getachew of Bolé Road Textiles
Born in Ethiopia, Hana Getachew spent 10 years as an interior designer in New York before she decided to take her love of design down a different road, quite literally. Her Brooklyn-based business, Bolé Road Textiles, partners with Ethiopian artisans who hand-weave her designs into colorful fabrics. The name hints at the blend of modern and traditional influences in her work and is a nod to her heritage and the main street from her hometown.
What made you decide to start your business?
I'm drawn to textiles because of my experience in interior design. I wanted to do something that brought me closer to Ethiopia, which is where I was born. And, I wanted to contribute what I could: As my business grows, these artisans will grow, too, which means so much to me and is a big part of why I do this. I get to work closely with people I really care about. And over the years, I've developed such great friendships with my artisan partners. It's bringing me closer to Ethiopians in a very tangible sense and I am so happy to be creating products that are made with love.
What are you inspired by?
I grew up admiring my mother's collection of Ethiopian dresses. (My own little collection of traditional dresses now feeds my imagination.) Today, I think my design aesthetic continues to always be influenced by the textiles I grew up with -- all the vibrant colors. Every one of my collections is inspired by some aspect of a specific textile or Ethiopian culture.
Describe your creative process.
The first step is pulling some inspirational images, maybe pinning it on Pinterest and sketching a few things on paper -- including patterns and color combinations. Then final execution happens in Photoshop or Illustrator. I then send to my artisans either hard copies or I email files for the bigger artisan collectives.
What excites you about your future and what do you feel like you're applying from your past to your current day-to-day life?
I always get excited about new collections -- it sometimes takes a year for me to pull them together, so there's this huge anticipation that builds up. And, each season I try to put out one new product, so it's always a challenge to see what I can create with just handwoven products.
There are so many opportunities to grow, and I love the idea that I'll be experiencing that growth with my artisan partners. I feel like I wouldn't have been able to start my business the way I did if I didn't have 10 years of experience as an interior designer.
It's incredibly rewarding to see that it's happening, that I'm doing this. I'm living my dream life.
How do you energize your batteries and keep your creativity flowing?
I try to walk places when I can. Now that I have a baby, I can't always go to the gym. So, a nice walk through Eastern Parkway or through the botanical garden is a great way to recharge. I also love spa time. Whatever neighborhood I'm in, I try to find an affordable place for massages, facials, etc. I love doing yoga, too; it's a great way to meditate. Sometimes it's good to have some quiet time to really let the ideas percolate and get my thoughts together.
What are some challenges and successes you've experienced in your business?
Balancing the business aspect of being an artist can be difficult (for example: administrative tasks, making sure you're generating a profit, being able to sustain your business). As a woman, I think we sometimes tend to be more timid and modest. I always try to keep that in mind and I try to boost my confidence -- be bold and follow through and it will happen.
My biggest reward is working and going back twice a year to Ethiopia -- the people there are like family to me. We're always happy to see one another and catch up. That's so different from the world of corporate interiors. It's such a joy and honor to work with people you really care about.
What advice would you give to other women looking to begin a second act or pursue their dream job?
It's very important to have a realistic grasp of the financial part of this business. You can start your own business, but you need to be mindful of where your finances come from, whether you take out a loan, or if you work part-time.
I think having a little bit of experience and age on your side is nothing but an asset. I also think when you allow your passions to influence your career, only good things can happen.


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"I Love the Lord…" – Photo Session
A week ago, I had the immense delight of visiting Ormond Beach with several of my close friends and sisters in Christ, one being an actual sister of mine. Our time was blessed, a testimony to the wonderful fellowship, encouragement, companionship, and just fun that believers are privileged to experience in the Lord. On the … Continue reading
"Purification" – Valley of Vision
Psalm 51:10-17, "Create in me a clean heart, O God, and renew a steadfast spirit within me. Do not cast me away from Your presence and do not take Your Holy Spirit from me. Restore to me the joy of Your salvation and sustain me with a willing spirit. Then I will teach transgressors Your ways, and sinners … Continue reading
Obedience Is Better!
Psalm 119:1-2, "How blessed are those whose way is blameless, who walk in the law of the Lord. How blessed are those who observe His testimonies." Psalm 112:1, "Praise the Lord! How blessed is the man who fears the Lord, who greatly delights in His commandments." Psalm 128:1, "How blessed is everyone who fears the … Continue reading
O Holy Night – In Adoration of Christ
"O holy night, the stars are brightly shining, it is the night of our dear Savior's birth…" The words to this now-beloved hymn were penned in France in 1847, during a stagecoach ride en route to Paris, whilst the author reflected on the nativity as recounted in the Gospel of Luke. Placide Cappeau de Roquemaure … Continue reading
Chosen and Appointed – Musings on John 15:16-17
John 15:16-17, "You did not choose Me but I chose you, and appointed you that you would go and bear fruit, so that whatever you ask of the Father in My name he may give to you. This I command you, that you love one another." – "You did not choose Me, but I chose … Continue reading
The Practice of Discipline
1 Timothy 4:7-8, "But have nothing to do with worldly fables fit only for old women. On the other hand, discipline yourself for the purpose of godliness; for bodily discipline is only of little profit, but godliness is profitable for all things, since it holds promise for both the present life and the life to … Continue reading
Tanzania – Where My Heart Thrived
I can't help but ask myself, how do I describe nearly three weeks of living in another world, amid another people, with another language, and another way of life? How do I introduce you all, dear readers, to the people I met? How can I even give you a glimpse the joy that my heart … Continue reading
Preparing for Tanzania
It's my first time travelling overseas… Actually, it's my first time travelling out of the country period. I'm going to Africa – Tanzania, to be specific. I have so many things that I'm looking forward to, so many things that I am more than just a little excited about. Ok… so maybe I'm ecstatic! I … Continue reading
When I Am Confounded by the Sacrifice of Christ
Hello friends, After eight months of no activity whatsoever, I think it is safe to say the Lord has been working dramatically in my heart and life in the midst of a very busy schedule full of travelling and activities. The Lord has faithfully been chiseling away at my sinful heart, revealing to me areas … Continue reading
The Pursuit of Maturity
Hebrews 5:11-6:1, "Concerning him we have much to say, and it is hard to explain, since you have become dull of hearing. For though by this time you ought to be teachers, you have need again someone to teach you the elementary principles of oracles of God, and you have come to need milk and … Continue reading


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There's a bold claim that Barcelona open negoations with Liverpool over £80 move for Luis Suarez. I suspect they've missed off the million or even a 'm' otherwise Ian Ayre might be hounded out of Liverpool. Newcastle have signed Siem de Jong on a 6 year deal. Swansea City want a combined £45 million for Wilfried Bony, Ben Davies and Michael Vorm with Tottenham and Liverpool interested. Chelsea have agreed to pay Costa's buy-out clause, making his move to Chelsea come a little closer. Manchester City insist that Alvaro Negredo not for sale as Atletico Madrid circle. Tottenham want £20 million for Sandro as Napoli express an interest in signing the midfielder. ~Daily Mail
Liverpool to make official their interest in Alexis Sanchez as Barcelona representatives fly in to speak to Ian Ayre about Luis Suarez transfer. Liverpool want Dejan Lovren from Southampton and Ryan Bertrand from Chelsea. Frank Lampard set to join David Villa at New York City in the MLS. Manchester United launch bid for Mats Hummels. Tottenham look to hijack Arsenal and Liverpool in attempt to sign Dejan Lovren. ~Daily Express
Chelsea reveal £32 million agreement with Atletico Madrid over Diego Costa. Arturo Vidal is keen on linking up with Louis Van Gaal at Manchester United. ~Daily Mirror
Tottenham are eyeing Manchester City forward Alvaro Negredo. Bayern Munich put £20 million price tag on Mario Mandzukic. Arsenal and Atletico Madrid join race to sign Keylor Navas along with Liverpool. ~Daily Star
Arsenal sign Mathieu Debuchy from Newcastle for £12 million and will confirm the deal after the World Cup has finished. Tottenham are in talks with Swansea over a £50 million triple deal which will see them take Wilfried Bony, Michael Vorm and Ben Davies. ~Metro
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This is an introductory text that will cover some of the vital points about the importance of business plans for every company.
Introduction to Business Potential Energy and Business Plan
You can dream how much you want, but nothing will happen until you don't get outside and make your dream reality. Your dreams must be your motivation about everything in your life.
But, on the other side, everyone can dream. Dreaming is one of the easiest processes. They are a free and simple present creation of your own brain. One of the outcomes of dreaming process are business ideas.
To convert your dreams, or business ideas with higher business potential energy into a successful company requires extra work from your side. That means more difficult activities than dreaming. One of the most important tools for converting ideas into the successful company is a business plan. Don't be only a dreamer, be a dreamer and performer at the same time.
There are many people that are great dreamers, have great ideas with high business potential energy. But, at the same time they continue with their boring jobs, because of security that comes with their current workplaces.
Planning will help you to keep everything in motion in the desired direction. Without a step by step document, you cannot move your company from one stage to another stage in your business life-cycle. The business plan is something that will be a roadmap for decision-making when you start with your company. In such a way, this document will convert your potential energy stored in your idea into kinetic energy of your company.
Having a business without a business plan is like building a house without fundamentals.
What is a business plan?
You must remember that the purpose of the business plan of the startup businesses is primary to determine whether or not a particular business idea has a sufficient business potential energy that can be converted into successful business.
Your business plan can be every plan that will enable you to look into the future. You will focus on key activities, optimal resource allocation, and you will prepare yourself for potential opportunities and threats in that future. In such a way, this tool will become an operational, marketing and financial design for your business.
What will need to cover your business plan?
In your business plan, you must answer to several crucial questions for the future of your business. These questions are:
- What is the acceptable expectation for sales figures, costs and cash flow of your business?
- What are your strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats?
- Who will be part of your target market?
- Who are your customers?
- What are your long-term business goals?
- What are the crucial activities for your business success?
- When these activities must be accomplished?
- Who will work what in your business?
Often, a documented plan is required when you require a business loan or investment capital. Your business plan is the first impression that potential investors will get about your venture. It is not just useful for obtaining finances, but also for improving all your business activities.
Every business plan typically begins with a purpose and goals of any startup or existing business. But, after that, the critical question is how the entrepreneur will achieve those goals. This will require to include a detailed financial plan, marketing strategy and activities that must be taken. On the other side, Business plan activities will cover activities such as market research, analyzing competitors and comparing projected sales with realistic sells, promotional activities…
Planning as Never Ending Process for Higher Business Potential Energy
Yes, planning is never ending process if you want to keep the highest possible level of your business potential energy. This is an important thing that you must remember.
If a business plan can increase the business potential energy of your business ideas, then continuity of the planning process can increase your business potential energy stored in your business plan. Yes, a business plan is one of the elements that play a double role – converter and owner of business potential energy – in this business improvement process. Developing a business plan is a critical step for both new and existing businesses. But, here is not the end of the process. It will need to be never-ending process because. So you will need not a static, but dynamic document. This means that your plan must be seen as a continuing process without an end point.
Because planning means something about the future, and you cannot have an excellent prediction about your future, you must keep your plan up-to-date and fresh. You need to follow what's going on in the reality and check with your prediction in the plan. So, you must change your plan after some period of time to align your predictions with the reality.
Be careful about too much formalization. The formalization can bring several dangers for business planning process that can damage the whole business. More about this you can read in Dangers When Planning Your Business Plan.


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Grub House by Gola
Short Description – This place is like a grub fest under a roof! They know their food well but have altered and twisted few of the dishes according to the Indian Taste. The quantity of the food and drinks is good.
Gola is a well know name in Delhi for the last 2 decades. Even before the term fusion came into existence, they were serving Chinese food to the Indian taste buds in their venture China garden and Gola sizzlers. With the changing time, they have come up with a casual dining concept which has been customized according to the taste buds of the Indian palate. Located in the growing JP Dutta market of Rajouri Garden, they have the entire building with them. At the ground floor you can see a café theme sitting and as you move upstairs, you can have a feel of casual dining and on the top floor they have a lounge.
We chose to try a more relaxed seating which was the lounge playing good music with nicely done interiors.
Drink Talks – Mocktails were nicely done, especially the fruit-based one. The quantity is something which you will not be disappointed with when it comes to drinks. The LIIT was among the best you can have in Delhi and we assure you that it does not get any stronger than this. The martinis were a little too flavored and textured. Martinis should always be strained.
Food talks
We started with Panko Fried Fish which was crisp from the outside and soft from the inside along with Vegetable Spring Roll which was stuffed with cottage cheese. Cottage cheese was not going well as a filling. Mutton Boti Masala would be one of the nicely spiced and flavorful dishes we had tasted which came along with pao.
The Classic Paneer Tikka was nicely done and they cannot go wrong with the Indian food. Adobo fish grilled is from the Philippines region and was perfectly cooked. Everyone loves chaat and they had the non-vegetarian version which we tasted for the very first time. It was fried Shammi kebab over papdi chaat. The combination was good and we loved it.
The Butter Chicken Pizza was brilliantly done. The grilled pieces of chicken and the pizza sauce were replaced by Makhni sauce. The end result was a delicious dish. Tandoori Veg Sizzler was followed was followed after the pizza. You can't come to Gola's Restaurant and not order a sizzler. The sizzler was brilliantly done and served along a thin curry to be poured separately.
Thai Herb Keema Risotto was a fusion dish from 3 cuisines. The Risotto was cooked to perfection and was flawless but did not go very well with the Keema.
Kuch mitha ho jaye – The classic Tiramisu was very nicely made and the balance of sweetness and sourness was maintained. Chocolate tri is a must have for all the chocolate lovers. For the Desi Sweet tooth stick kulfi and Gulab jamun were too good
Standout Dishes – Butter chicken , Mutton Boti and LIIT


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学校介绍 LISOC Overview
概况 About Us
This is information about Long Island School Of Chinese, the Chinese School at Long Island, NY. It's a great place for children and people who are intrusting to learn Chinese and Chinese culture.
校历 School Calendar
This is Long Island School Of Chinese year teaching calender. It may change with the weather conditions and any emergency situation. Please check the school announcement on the web page or classparents notifications.
值班表 On-duty List
We post the on-duty parent names and working dates for school dates. it will be updated every month.
长岛华夏中文学校建校10周年集锦 LISOC 10th Anniversary Celebrations
长岛华夏中文学校回顾展 LISOC Visual Gallary
长岛华夏中文学校成立五周年 LISOC's 5th Anniversary
长岛华夏中文学校成立十周年 LISOC's 10th Anniversary
班级家长 Class Parents
There are a lot of stories about how LISOC parents and students created and Study in LISOC.
学校史话 LISOC School Then and Now
长岛华夏十周年的感想 Why I joined the LISOC


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|KIDSta Protocol Section B 6
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B6. Photo-Documentation
These recommendations are for pediatric examiners related to photo-documentation during the examination.
Be aware that photo-documentation during the medical forensic examination is the standard of care in prepubescent child sexual abuse cases. In every case, examiners should take diagnostic quality still images or videos of detected injuries as well as normal, apparently uninjured anatomy. Note, however, that photographic images are not a substitute for detailed written documentation of exam findings (Adams et al., 2015).
Recognize that pediatric examiners—not law enforcement or child protective service investigators—should take these photographs during the examination, for several reasons: (1) Photographs taken during the medical forensic examination become part of the child's medical record. (2) Photographs taken during the examination are highly personal in nature. As with adult and adolescent patients,[1] If photographs of the child are taken by nonmedical personnel, images taken should include only the child's head and extremities and not the torso or anogenital region. Examiners are encouraged to seek training on photography techniques and procedures to use with child victims of sexual abuse.
Explain medical photography procedures to children and caregivers. The explanation should be developmentally appropriate for children, and linguistically appropriate for children and caregivers. Taking photographic images of children in the aftermath of sexual abuse can be traumatizing, especially if photography was a component of the abuse. In these cases, children might not be able to discern the difference between photography used in the sexual abuse and forensic photography. To help avoid traumatization and facilitate decision making, examiners should explain to children and caregivers: the purpose of the photography during medical forensic care; the extent to which photographs will be taken and the procedures that will be used; how photographs will be securely stored at the health care facility and to whom they can be released; potential uses of photographs during investigation and prosecution (especially anogenital images); and the possible need to obtain additional photographs following the examination. Explaining the process and welcoming questions helps to reduce reluctance to photo-documentation during the examination. In addition to being comfortable explaining this information to children and caregivers, examiners also should also be comfortable discussing sexual abuse that included still- and video-imaging, if that issue arises during the medical history or in the course of the examination.
Respect patient choices about photography. Consent to take photographs during the examination should be sought, as a component of the informed consent process. (See B1. Consent for Care) If children do not assent to all or any part of photography, their choices must be honored. Note that if children or parents/guardians are hesitant or decline photography, it may be due to cultural beliefs and practices—anogenital imaging, in particular, may be highly embarrassing and unacceptable. For example, certain religious communities have strong mandates about exposure or imaging of the body in public or in a non-private arena. Children may also be reluctant to be photographed during the examination if photography comprised a component of the abuse. It can be useful in these instances to explore with the child and caregiver whether procedure modifications may make photography acceptable, while respecting their cultural practices and mandates. If modifications are not acceptable, the written record may have to suffice as exam documentation. Regardless whether photography is used, examiners should document examination findings on body mapping forms and diagrams.
Maintain the child's privacy. Strive to minimize the child's discomfort while being photographed. Drape children appropriately while taking photographs. Children differ in what will help them be more comfortable while being photographed: For those for whom it is developmentally appropriate, examiners can offer the opportunity to explore the photo-documentation equipment prior to its use, view images taken, and even to watch the examination if video-colposcopy is utilized (Ricci, 2011). It may be helpful for a caregiver and/or other supportive person to provide comfort for the child. (See B7. Examination)
Consider the photographic equipment. Examiners should be familiar with photographic equipment operation and be prepared to use it during the examination (e.g., camera supplies and instructions should be available and the equipment should be clean and in working order). If questions exist regarding what type of equipment to use, it may be helpful to consult with a professional photographer, outlining the type of photographs that will be taken. Alternatively, consult with other local examiner programs as they often have knowledge about photographic equipment used in these cases and the effectiveness in capturing images during the examination. Generally, any good-quality photographic equipment may be used as long as it can be focused for undistorted, close-up photographs and provide an accurate color rendition (California Office of Emergency Services, 2001).
Take initial and follow-up photographs as appropriate in a case, according to facility policy. See below for basic photography principles. In addition to initial photographs taken in the course of the medical forensic examination, photography may be repeated as evolving injury or healing on patients' bodies occurs following the examination (e.g., bruising may appear days later). Create procedures that examiners, investigators, multidisciplinary response teams, and caregivers can follow to ensure that post-exam changes are documented. In addition to documenting evolving injury or healing, follow-up photographs can clarify findings of stable, normal variants in anatomy and nonspecific findings, like redness or swelling, that could be potentially be confused with acute injuries.
Establish health care facility policies for storage, retention, and controlled release of photo-documentation in these cases. Secure storage and restricted access to photo-documentation is critical in general, but particularly important in small communities where exam facility employees may be acquaintances, friends, and family members of patients and/or suspects. The facility legal and risk management departments are sources for consultation regarding photo-documentation annotation, handling, storage, retention, and release practices.
· Photographic images taken during the medical forensic examination should be considered part of the patient's medical record maintained by the health care facility. As mentioned earlier, examiners should not include photographic images in the evidentiary kit sent to the crime lab.
· Facility policy should clarify how photo-documentation in these cases will be securely stored. Examiners should coordinate with facility information technology security, compliance, and legal departments to ensure compliance with privacy laws, rules, and regulations for storage of electronic records and images.
· Health care facility policy should allow release of photo-documentation only in certain situations to certain entities, as legally allowable, in order to prevent misinterpretation and misuse.[4] Such policies should include mechanisms that allow examiners and/or medical records departments, in concert with facility legal counsel or risk management, to evaluate in each case whether release of the requested images is legally allowable and/or could be potentially harmful to the patient (Botash, 2009). Other health care providers treating the child typically do not need access to photographic images taken during the examination. Photographic images should not automatically be turned over to investigating agencies or the multidisciplinary response team. Instead, investigators or the investigating team should be guided by body maps and diagrams used in documentation in deciding which photographs to request. When photographs are released, the release should be done in a manner that limits the chance of misinterpretation by nonmedical professionals. One approach is that, prior to release, an examiner could review images with recipients so they understand what is significant about the findings.
· Facility retention policies for photo-documentation and other medical records must take into account the need for access to these records in criminal and civil proceedings. These records must be retained indefinitely to accommodate cases of delayed reporting, delayed processing of evidentiary kits, CODIS hits, cold case investigations, conditions that extend the statute of limitations, and the appeals process. With this in mind, facility policies for medical forensic record retention should be based on justice standards rather than traditional medical record keeping, storage, retention, and destruction policies.[5] Medical records in these cases should not be destroyed. (See B4. Written Documentation)
[1] See OVW (2013).
[2] These principles were adapted in part from Green (2013) and OVW (2013).
[3] Note the child's face should never appear in photographic images where genitalia is exposed. However, facility policy may call for a separate photograph of the child's face for identification. This image may be useful in cases where it is a long time before the child goes to court. The image of the child's face can help to show the child as she/he was when the abuse occurred.
[4] One concern is that routine release of photographic images in these cases, often of children's genitalia, to agencies that do not have strict methods in place for protection of these images can result in their release to people outside the investigative team, such as members of the press. Note that prosecution discovery obligations may require granting access to exam photographic images by defense/defense experts.
[5] This paragraph was adapted in part from AHIMA (2011).
[6] This information on the admissibility of digital imaging was adapted from Green (2013).
8/1/2020 » 8/6/2020
Application: OVW Fiscal Year 2020 COVID-19/Violence Against Women Assistance to Tribes Solicitation
8/3/2020 » 8/7/2020
NNEDV Virtual Technology Summit 2020


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Online Bidding for LB1092-1075
Model LB1092-1075. 7.5"inches Ladies Bracelet Round Snake Chain With Balls And Heart Charm [ View Specs Here ]
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There are a few foods that are banished from every dieter's personal menu — Alfredo sauce being one of them. The thick, creamy restaurant staple is usually loaded with butter, cream and cheese. While incredibly delicious, it can pack up to 900 calories in just one cup!
Even if you're not dieting, this deliciously simple substitute hits the spot when you're craving a creamy pasta. It's perfect with whole wheat noodles as a healthy weeknight meal, or on top of a protein for a more special occasion. It's so easy to make and so much healthier for you, you'll say "so long" to that old heavy cream sauce, and you'll never look back!
Garlicky Greek yogurt Alfredo sauce
- 2 tbsp olive oil
- 3-4 cloves garlic, minced
- 2 tbsp all-purpose flour
- 1 cup chicken broth (veggie works, too)
- 1/4 cup plain Greek yogurt (I used non-fat)
- 1/4 milk (I used skim milk but you can almond milk)
- 1 cup fresh grated Parmesan cheese
- salt
- fresh cracked pepper
- parsley (for garnish)
- In a large sauce pan on medium heat, pour olive oil and add garlic. Cook until garlic is lightly brown, but not burned. Add flour and stir constantly until mixture becomes bubbly and golden brown.
- While continuing to stir, add broth to the pan, and get rid of any lumps in the mixture.
- Turn the heat to low and add yogurt, milk, and cheese. Stir until combined — mixture should be smooth.
- Add salt and pepper to taste. Stir.
- Pour over whole grain noodles, zucchini noodles, broccoli and chicken or whatever you would like! Sprinkle with parsley for garnish.
ALSO TRY, Citrusy, cilantro pasta salad.


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The Clinical Division of IPPA is delighted to offer an online peer consultation platform. Consistent with American Psychological Association (APA)'s ethical code, this platform aims to provide practitioners a shared context that fosters a healthy and respectful dialogue and discourse. Through online discussions, the platform also aims to develop a nuanced, inclusive and evidence-based understanding of the application of positive psychology principles to enrich professional practice.
Applying positive psychology to clinical practice is a relatively new approach, so it can feel isolating to do this work without the support of colleagues. Therefore, IPPA's Positive Clinical Psychology Division proposes a pilot of an online positive psychology clinical peer consultation group.
This group will provide a platform to share knowledge and practice. The group may become a catalyst for future research or other collaborative projects between group members.
The purpose of the group is to provide practitioners with a platform to explore how they use positive psychology with their clients. It is intended to be a safe space for collaboration and innovation. Depending on members' interest, we may come up with common goals and later decide to collaborate on research or create clinical positive psychology educational videos.
Group members will engage in a process of positive consultation, which involves working from a broad positive psychology perspective that takes into account both what is problematic or difficult and what is working well in the therapeutic processes and in the lives of clients. We will also be focusing on one another's strengths and competencies.
This group will connect IPPA members in meaningful learning and development of new knowledge for the field.
Group members may include:
- Practitioners who are licensed to practice psychotherapy or counseling in their jurisdiction by their regional licensing boards or professional colleges/associations. (Neuropsychologist, clinical psychologist, masters in counseling, counseling psychologists, social worker, school psychologist, school counseling, marriage and family therapist, masters in counseling)
- Advanced students in clinical and counseling graduate programs.
We aim to have maximum 10 participants in the initial pilot. If there is overwhelming interest we may consider operating two groups simultaneously. The pilot group will be led by Jennifer Brownstein, Psy.D., Margarita Tarragona, Ph.D. and Tayyab Rashid, Ph.D., all of whom are licensed psychologists in their respective jurisdictions.
PILOT GROUPS: All groups will meet for one hour each month for six months
(7-8pm EDT).
GROUP A: (7-8pm EDT) March 14 (orientation), April 18, May 16, June 20, July 18, August 15
GROUP B: (7-8pm EDT unless otherwise noted) March 21 (orientation), April 25, May 30, June 27 (5pm), July 25, August 22
If you are an interested IPPA member, please submit:
- Your name,
- Your credential(s)
- The country where you live and
- Why you would like to join this group.
Please submit your interest by February 21, 2018 to firstname.lastname@example.com addressing Jennifer Brownstein and Margarita Tarragona. You will need to sign a participant agreement that includes an statement on ethics and confidentiality.
This is a peer consultation group, not a supervision group. Therefore, we provide support but we are not responsible for the actions of group members. In accordance with APA's ethical code (Appendix 1), members will not disclose identifying information about their clients/patients in this setting. We recognize that members may need resources beyond the positive peer consultation group to meet their professional needs, therefore we will encourage members to seek other appropriate expert advice or consultation outside of this group, to address ethical or other professional concerns, when necessary. Recordings of the consultation group are prohibited.
Appendix 1.
4.06 Consultations
When consulting with colleagues, (1) psychologists do not disclose confidential information that reasonably could lead to the identification of a client/patient, research participant, or other person or organization with whom they have a confidential relationship unless they have obtained the prior consent of the person or organization or the disclosure cannot be avoided, and (2) they disclose information only to the extent necessary to achieve the purposes of the consultation. (See also Standard 4.01, Maintaining Confidentiality.)


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Brad Pitt has released a statement following news yesterday (September 20) that Angelina Jolie had filed for divorce.
Jolie reportedly filed for divorce on Monday (September 19), listing their separation as September 15. The couple had been together since 2004, marrying in August 2014. They have six children.
In a statement to People Magazine, Pitt says: "I am very saddened by this, but what matters most now is the wellbeing of our kids. I kindly ask the press to give them the space they deserve during this challenging time."
The reason for the split is cited in legal documents as "irreconcilable differences". TMZ claims that Jolie is seeking physical custody and wants Pitt only to have joint legal custody of their children.
TMZ's report reads: "Sources connected with the couple tell us… Angelina's decision to file has to do with the way Brad was parenting the children… she was extremely upset with his methods."
"We're told there was no alleged 'third person'… her decision to file was solely over Brad's interaction with their children. Jolie… is not asking for spousal support."
The news was confirmed yesterday by the actress's lawyer Robert Offer, who said in a statement that Jolie filed for "dissolution of marriage" and that the "decision was made for the health of the family".
"She will not be commenting, and asks that the family be given its privacy at this time," the statement added.


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Jnoubi was started in 2012 as a skills development project and over time the project grew into an incoming generating project. Today the Jnoubi artisans own the factory (Freedom Factory) and are responsible for the production of all Jnoubi Jewelry pieces.
The artisans are from different tribes that often experience separation and rivalry. Jnoubi and other projects at the New Horizon Centre have given them and others the opportunity to break down decades of social walls.
Other values that we have, are to celebrate & honour the beauty of our cultures, to grow and develop local leadership and to encourage entrepreneurship.
Jnoubi operates under the NGO Open Gates at the New Horizons Centre in South Lebanon.
Jnoubi is more than just beautiful jewelry, it's about growing and developing young women and teaching them a variety of skills. Of even greater value is the fact that they learn that they are precious, gifted and beautiful. These young women are discovering who they truly are!
Suzan is not only very talented, but also has the heart of a mother. While working as a team, she plays an important role to keep things together. She dreams of Jnoubi becoming a place where many more girls will have new opportunities in life and discover the hope they have. At Jnoubi, she has learned that nothing is impossible!
Samira is one of those people who just have the eye for matching colors beautifully! She is very talented, with excellent jewelry-making skills. She also has a natural sense for design and therefore plays an important role in the design process of our products.
Samaher always brings joy to the center, making sure that there is enough fun and laughter. She often puts on a thick Bedouin accent, sometimes making up her own words or telling a joke. Joy bubbles up from within her. She has learned at Jnoubi that we need to make the most of today, and this will have an impact on tomorrow!


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The Gilded Image: An Autobiography
Illustrated with b/w photos. San Francisco: Self-published, (1978). 8vo. Black cloth, stamped in gilt. 589 p. + appendices & index. 1st edition. INSCRIBED & SIGNED. Fine in acetate jacket (with a tear at top of spine). [95326]
Autobiography of this English-born gentleman who spent his childhood in the Bahamas, served with the Royal Navy and, after his retirement, moved to San Francisco where he was associated with Grace Cathedral.
Price: $60.00


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If you do not know the best things to sell in Nigeria, you won't earn large.
Do you doubt this? If yes, answer this question. If someone produces or imports artifacts (art works) to sell in Nigeria, will it boom like the selling of rice? Give yourself a sincere answer and you'll understand what's up.
When we talk of booming businesses in Nigeria, we're referring to fast selling products in Nigeria.
Those products with you, can they serve as fast selling products online in Nigeria or offline? If they can't, then there is no marketability about them, which is what matters.
I like to advise both the highly and lowly educated entrepreneurs that the things we sell determine what we earn. You don't expect people dealing on fast selling products in Nigeria to be at your level unless they doesn't know how to set up things for sell.
When the demand for particular products are high, it qualifies them as the things to sell in Nigeria with gains.
I have compiled a list of 15 fast selling products in Nigeria for you. They can be easily sold through the online market places and offline stores as well. Go through and select the most favourable for your venture.
1. Laptops/Accessories/Parts and Software
When laptops arrive in Nigeria, they usually arrive in bulk quantity. This is due to the high demand of it in Nigeria. Usually, UK used laptops in stock are very fast selling products in Nigeria. What one really needs is a proper avenue of advertisement to boost sales.
On the other hand, the laptop parts are also things to sell in Nigeria and gain enough. For instance, the flex of a laptop is what usually goes bad thereby stopping a laptop user from completing his work or being able to work at all.
As for the accessories, believe me, they sell even more than the laptop and its parts. These are what compliments a laptop and gives it an added function. If you plan to omit anything on the list, it shouldn't be laptop software.
People buy computer software daily and this is because they're cheap. You also lose nothing here, except that you'll buy the CD for to store the software. Computer software sells between 200 Naira and 500 Naira, depending on the location.
2. Body Soaps and Detergents
These are really fast selling products online in Nigeria. What makes these things to sell even faster in the online market is a seller's ability to place targeted ads.
This could be rosier if you can produce your own high quality soaps and detergents. It sells faster when targeted at women between the ages of 18 and 60. Making money here is quite simple if you offer these products in ranges and sizes.
Please, avoid these mistakes in investments!!
4. Used/Readymade Cloths
Specific days that are dedicated to a particular market in your locale is the perfect time to earn here. If you can lay your hands on UK used cloths or others, you should return home with big pockets daily. If you venture into readymade cloths, it might take a bit of your time to sell out because they cost more.
However, readymade sell better online and also when presented to rich people in their various offices.
What do you think? Going for either readymade, used cloths or both? I would recommend establishing your authority in one field instead. If you're opting for used cloths, know your primary audience to be the common man in Nigeria.
5. Articles and eBooks
Apart from material things, write-ups are things that sell blazingly in Nigeria. Need I mention the growing demand for writers in Nigeria? To sell this kind of things, one must be academically sound to get to the spotlight. Even at that, lowly educated persons still succeed by hiring people to write for them and presenting the piece as theirs. You could even sell your books and eBooks beyond Nigeria by using virtual markets like Amazon, Fiverr, etc. The more your clients, the better your chances to earn bigger. Where the job piles up more than yourself, hire writers on short or long term contracts to ease the stress.
6. Phone and Phone Accessories
With the likes of Tecno and Infinix releasing premium designs at cheaper costs, the business becomes a banger. Selling phones, no doubt, boom even more on online market places than offline stores.
Although offline stores make good earnings, Nigerians tend to see online market phones as cheaper and faster selling. Have an account with the likes of Jumia and Konga and watch your product sell out in no time. How about phone accessories? Nigerians buy phone accessories almost every minute of the day. Owing to the power supply state in Nigeria, power banks tend to sell really fast. If you're not going in full time on phones, you could start with selling phone accessories, even from your home.
7. Deodorants and Perfumes
Nigerians love to smell nice and they need these products to achieve that. You must either be an authority in a particular brand of perfumes or multiple brands. Dealing on a particular brand might reduce your customer base, but it gives you an identity in the field. And on the other hand, you have a broader customer base when dealing on multiple brands.
Perfumes are one of the fast selling products online in Nigeria as far as I know. Selling imported brands that come from places like Dubai means more than just having customers. Respect accompanies the sales. Make a proper advert online and you'd be getting infinite orders across Nigeria.
8. Hair Extensions/Wigs
You can take anything away from a Nigerian woman but not her beautiful looks. In most states across Nigeria, there are business centres that deal specifically on women hair extensions.
This is to say that women make much buys of hairs than almost any other thing on their body. For costly hairs, the woman might take longer to get another but despite that, she'd still order for something nice.
To win a woman's heart for your hair extensions, packaging matters. If you're using the online market place, consider taking the best possible shots of the hairs. Avoid using ugly mannequins to sample the hair.
You can boost sells by importing fast sell selling products directly from China.
9. Cakes
The cakes we all know as deliciously baked foods from mixture of flour, egg, sugar and fat attracts lots of money. Today, the entrepreneurial level of an individual determines how far he/she can go in earning from selling cakes. Moreover, countless events require cakes for a complete celebration. Would you like me to name them? Okay, we have birthdays, inaugurations, coronation, wedding, anniversaries, etc. The list is countless and this suggests that the demand for cake never runs low.
What you require is competence and good delivery. When you fail to satisfy a customer with your product, you lose the chance of garnering more patrons. Also, a lot of people order for cakes online. So, just go on and make beautiful cake crafts on your business page(s) to attract potential clients.
10. Electronic
One of the things to sell in Nigeria is electronic. You need to be stationed in good locations to make good sales. These products equally make great sales in the online markets as people place orders frequently. Consider making it an option, but you must have some level of experience in the field of electronic in Nigeria.
The customer base extends to both male and female sexes. However, males often make the purchase. When placing ads on platforms such as Facebook, your prioritized gender should be men between the age bracket of 20 and 60.
11. Groceries
Consumable foods are essential for Nigerians to exist. Without food, the amazingness of Nigerians will be absent because food provides the needed energy.
This is one of the things to sell in Nigeria that is not limited to any gender, location and more. Everything, including animals consume food and in all locations within and outside of Nigeria. Consumables make good profits but do not really function in the online market. Although it sells online, the business flow isn't that high. And if you must advertise, the target audience should be those closest to you. Moreover, situation your grocery store in a busy environment boosts your chances of earning in Nigeria.
12. Beds/Beddings
If beds don't sell fast, the coverings and other bad materials would. Ever since the introduction of bed, there has been an improvement in the type of feeling or comfort Nigerians derive while sleeping.
In occasions where there isn't a provision for bed or no bed at all, there are smart beddings that still make sleeping comfortable. People buy these extra bed materials, like pillow, to give a better rest to their leisure. In addition, beddings do not cost very high. There are beddings that are way cheaper and some that cost a bit. And this is determined by the brand, size and of course the quality of the bed or the bedding.
13. Jewelries
If possible, order for jewelries outside of Nigeria because you'll so sell them in Nigeria. Jewelries are patronized a lot in Nigeria, most especially by the Nigerian women. Be it silver or gold plaited, it sells and the customer also determines how much of it sells.
Costly jewelries would often sell faster with the rich because they have the financial strength to afford them. If you deal on cheaper jewelries, your targets should be younger women and men, especially the students. People of this category may not always have the money to buy or order for luxurious jewelries. Make online advertisements too because this is one of the fast selling products online in Nigeria.
14. Male and Female Bags
Consider venturing into making and selling handbags here in Nigeria. No matter how funny it might seem, your most patronage will be the women.
Having your own brand might be quite messy if you lack the appropriate tools for beautifully crafted bags. Unless you have the tools, go for used bags or readymade bags with good quality and sell them out. You know the sort of bags that men like, get them and advertise them to attract buyers across Nigeria.
To really make it big with this sort of product, check out for the trending designs around you. Focus your market on the trend and be innovative, if you're a bag designer.
15. Shoes
You can win every man's soul with good looking shoes coupled with superb leather quality. If you pull this, both male and female genders will patronize your venture.
Do yourself more favour by picking out the best shoes and hitting public offices. If you do not sell all, you'll sell half. Also, get a good camera or a mobile phone with excellent camera quality and take photos of the shoes from all angles.
CreateFacebook pages, upload the photos and advertise with Facebook. Check your inbox and you'll be amazed by the influx of persons in need of the samples. Own an online store with the likes of Jumia and Konga to hasten your sells.
Nigeria is one of the world's best countries for commerce. And if you're in Nigeria without ceasing this advantage, you're on a long thing, trust me. I have provided you with a list of top 15 things to sell very fast in Nigeria this 2020.
Even when you go online, you will still be able to make money with the listed things above. If you have problem with money to start, don't worry. There are places you can get loans without collaterals. You can even gather money by convincingly asking peoplegather money by convincingly asking people.
Do not allow your years in the university to waste. Do not also attempt to sell products that don't move markets. If you try this, on your own. To know which one will sell faster around you, take some time and study the environment, ask questions and conclude.
Selling these things in Nigeria may not come rosy during the starting phase. Just be smart with your dealings and you'll eventually become an authority with your products.
- Why should you always use a grammar checker for writing? - May 9, 2020
- The Best "Do My Homework" Sites for Students - March 28, 2020
- Fast Hour Essay Writing Service: 6 Must-Have Features - February 10, 2020


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The fundraising has begun to raise $18,000 for a police dog for Mount Vernon Police Dept. Watch for these fund raising jars all over town soon. Also a BIG Thank You to Amanda Rogers Ondick of the Complete Care Animal Hospital, 999 Harcourt Road, for donating vet services for the life of the dog. Donations can be made on line, too at http://mvkcfoundation.org/.
If you'd like a collection jar at your place of business, text or call Dave Culbertson at 740-485-1641, or PM Dave Culbertson


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Experience flexibility with options for your particular storage unit needs and for the length of the rental agreement you are looking for. Have all your auto and boat storage needs met and exceeded because, over the past 20 years, we have learned how to truly perfect the service we give you and everyone else.
When you choose to sign a year lease, you are also granted a discounted rate!
Call and ask about the military discount you can get on your auto and boat storage


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Ask Ciara about her and ex Future's toddler son, Future Zahir Wilburn, and the R&B star will break out into a huge smile. Becoming a mother, she says, is the best thing that's ever happened to her.
The 29-year-old and the rapper, 31, welcomed the child in May 2014. Months later, the couple ended their relationship and engagement.
"It's honestly been the best thing that's happened to my life," Ciara told E! News exclusively about their boy. "It's been so much fun. My son is a ball of joy and he's getting funnier and funnier by the day, 'cause he's starting to figure out how to say more things and he's really expressing himself. I've taught him, 'Please,' so he says, every time, 'Please, please,' but he understands it so well, it melts my heart every time I'm like, 'You cannot have another cookie.'"
She also said the child loves to dance and sings her new song, "Dance Like We're Making Love."
"He sings the 'Uh oh's in the song when I sing it to him," she said.
Ciara made her comments at a Topshop store in New York City on Thursday, the first day of New York Fashion Week. The singer was recently named a celebrity ambassador for the popular apparel company.
Her new album, Jackie, which is named after her mother, also contains a track titled "I Got You," which is dedicated to little Future.
The song samples the old lullaby "Hush, Little Baby" and the child appears in its music video, which shows several tender mom-son moments.
Ciara told E! News she cried while recording the track.
"It was one of those songs that was so necessary," Ciara told E! News. "It was kind of the perfect way to complete my album and to complete my story...I'm living in that moment of, you know, being a new mom and so, it was really important to me to have something that kind of spoke to that, that really spoke to the heart of that and to the true meaning of what it means to have my son."
During her interview, Ciara also talked about her boyfriend, Russell Wilson. She began dating the 26-year-old Seattle Seahawks quarterback in April. Throughout their relationship, Ciara and Wilson have made headlines over their no-sex policy, which they chose for religious reasons. The singer told E! News that it's been a "great challenge" to remain celibate but that it allows them to continue to build their friendship.
"He's really the best friend I could possibly have," she said.
In July, Future had expressed anger over seeing photos of the Seattle Seahawks' quarterback pushing his and Ciara's son's stroller. Ciara fired back a month later, saying on CBS This Morning, "I feel like in a sense, it's a bit of a double standard because at one point in time when we were together, I took care of his kids as well at a very young time in our relationship."
Future has four children from previous relationships.
"Russell loves kids and it was important to Ciara for Russell to meet Baby Future," a source had told E! News. "Russell is not trying to replace Future as a dad."
Is marriage in the cards for Ciara and Wilson? When asked last month, Ciara told E! News, "He's the best guy in the world for me. He's my best friend and I just put positive things in the universe. We want to continue having the best relationship and friendship we could have."


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In This Section
About SFNet MidWest
The Secured Finance Network's MidWest Chapter is the trade group for commercial finance companies, factors, banks and other financing agencies engaged in the asset-based financial services industry of MidWest. We are a Regional Chapter of the SFNet, bringing together professionals at every stage of their career across the MidWest area. Our members benefit from a variety of education programs, networking opportunities, and social events throughout the year.
The Secured Lender
The Pandemic's Effect On The Industry Issue.
SFNet Summer School Is in Session
- Operations Level Two, July 28-30
- Business Development Level One, Aug 26
- Workout & Bankruptcy, On Demand


text: Wildfires, which are projected to increase in some regions due to climate change, have health impacts that can extend hundreds of miles. Shown here, forest fires in Quebec, Canada, during July 2002 (red circles) resulted in up to a 30-fold increase in airborne fine particle concentrations in Baltimore, Maryland, a city nearly a thousand miles downwind. These fine particles, which are extremely harmful to human health, not only affect outdoor air quality, but also penetrate indoors, increasing the long-distance effects of fires on health.3bfcb39e-f3ee-4d20-8f53-77c8487599b4 An average of 6.4 million acres burned in U.S. wildfires each year between 2000 and 2010, with 9.5 and 9.1 million acres burned in 2006 and 2012, respectively.990aa49a-a25d-416c-945a-17fad9a5b824 Total global deaths from the effects of landscape fire smoke have been estimated at 260,000 to 600,000 annually between the years 1997 and 2006.6f5e49f0-fd59-4eba-9311-05ce16734498 (Figure source: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the Terra satellite, Land Rapid Response Team, NASA/GSFC).


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Food Filled Friday
My good friends just moved into a new House which just happens to be located right behind the Kellogg's factory. There's an old story I read when I was little about a poor man who lived upstairs above a Restaurant. His daily rations were meager and most days, just a plain naked bowl of rice had to suffice. He combated this by applying his imagination to project a fantasy where he wasn't broke and hungry. He would close his eyes and inhale all of the delicious aromas that rose upstairs to his simple dwelling and really savor his bowl of rice. With enough imagination, it felt like he was dining on an extravagant banquet as well, filling his belly up with the many rich and delicious smells. When the rich Patrons downstairs dined on Steak or Chicken, so would he! Now, the Owner caught win of this and demanded to be compensated for his "loss" He accused the Man of being a thief, seeing how he had never paid the Owner for the enjoyment of his "smells." –LOL. They happened to be appointed to a fair and just Judge. His final conclusion was that the Owner of the Restaurant would be compensated for his "smells" with the sound of coins from the Man.
Every time I've been over since they moved in, it reminds me of this story and makes me =D That, and the entire place smells of Poptarts 24/7…no need for scented candles! If I were the realtor, I think (just to be silly) I'd list the house as "Great amenities + FREE Smells!!!"
For actual dinner, this is what I had:
I think I ate my own weight in Fried Pickles …eek! 😉
I wish all pop came in glass bottles like this. It always makes it seem (or at least for me) like it's not just a beverage, but a treat (+ I really dig the no high fructose corn syrup bit). No matter what side of the fence you're on with that, my rule of thumb is this: I'd rather consume ingredients that I can pronounce i.e., Sugar.
I snapped this last night and since then, I've polished off the Chips, 3 slices of Turkey (for lunch), Tomato, 2 Bananas, and 1/2 my Granola and Yogurt, LOL. (I have a pretty hearty appetite for Breakfast) though if it weren't terrible to do, I'd have Cheeseburgers, Pizza, and left over Chinese Food for Breakfast instead, haha.
Oh and just bc they're so pretty, I wanted to share snapshots of some pretty darn adorable Cakes that I caught in the display when I ran in and out of the Asian Mart after work the other day to pick up Buckwheat Noodles:
Just in case ya missed it, here's my Buckwheat Noodle Video
How adorable are those Wavy Heart Truffles?!
Even when I'm only suppose to run in and out, leave it to Squish to get distracted by food, lol.
Love Always,
Your Food Obsessed Squishy Monster ^.^
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