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Mark Anton Pfeiffer of Lemberg, 7 who was twenty-four years older than Ida. Ida bore him two sons ; a daughter died in infancy. Not only the difference in age but the husband's career, which fell on bad times, troubled the relationship. Ida was forced to help feed the family herself, for example by giving piano lessons, and she often returned to Vienna, whether in the company of her husband or alone, until in the couple separated and Ida remained in Austria.
Pfeiffer continued to live mostly in Lemberg, while she managed the education of her sons in Vienna. In , Ida accompanied her son Oscar later a talented musician to Triest, where her first encounter with the sea reawakened her eagerness for travel. When the sons were old enough to be independent, in , at the age of forty-five, she began her first extended trip, to Palestine.
Although her intention had always been to travel to the Holy Land, Ida boarded a ship down the Danube, telling family and friends she was going to visit an acquaintance in Constantinople. From there, she reached Jerusalem,. Ida joined some male tourists in Palestine and, when they asked if she could ride a horse, she gamely climbed on the animal's back - her first riding experience - and galloped off.
If the introduction to riding was somewhat abrupt, the facility she acquired would be useful in the Indies.
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Ida's first travel diary soon attracted the attention of a Viennese publisher. After she had obtained the consent of her family including that of her distant husband, as law and propriety required to publish, her Reise einer Wienerin in das Heilige Land Voyage of a Viennese woman to the Holy Land appeared in two volumes in , under her initials, and from the fourth edition in her own name.
In , she travelled again for six months to Iceland and Scandanavia. That travel diary appeared in , by which time she was well-known, at least in Vienna. Almost immediately, she undertook her first world tour, which took her to Brazil, then to China she travelled to Canton disguised as a man so she could observe life in China firsthand, if only briefly and on to Singapore, India, Iraq, Persia, and Russia she simply ignored the repeated advice that the Central Asian route would be too dangerous , returning to Vienna in November That a woman chose to travel for the sake of travelling was curious enough.
As mentioned, Mrs. Pfeiffer was not wealthy and could not really pay her way. During her trip to Iceland, she began collecting specimens of plants and animals. She soon learned that Vienna's museums, those of other cities or private collectors would pay for her objects : animals, plants, minerals, and items of ethnographic interest.
Ida was not trained as a scientist she herself insisted repeatedly on this fact , but she learned how to collect, catalogue, and conserve her specimens - from her second world trip alone. Some of these, including Bornean shrimps, slugs, and beetles, bear the name "idae" or "pfeifferi" in her honor. Her travels, writings and collections brought her into contact with well-known explorers and naturalists of her day, among them the scholar Alexander von Humboldt of Berlin, do. Only in March did Ida begin her second world trip, which would take her to the Indies.
Before leaving for this journey, Ida spent six weeks in London, visiting the World Exhibition and other sights, but also preparing for collecting and sightseeing during the trip itself. Among others, she met. London otherwise took little notice of her, but soon after her departure the literary weekly Athenaeum published reviews of her Scandanavia book and the first world tour, which had now appeared in English translation see bibliography.
When she arrived in Capetown, South Africa, budget limitations forced her to cancel plans to visit the interior of Africa. Buying a wagon and animals for transport, in addition to other expenses, would simply cost too much. Instead she boarded a ship for Singapore, paying the captain only three pounds sterling, the cost of her food alone In Singapore, she lodged for the second time with the Behn family, of the trading house of Behn, Meyer and Co. Ida finally had to abandon her plan to visit Australia, because the gold rush there had sent prices skyrocketing.
Instead, she seized the opportunity to head for Sarawak on an English sailing vessel. Rajah James Brooke himself was not in Kuching when she arrived, but his caretaker, his nephew James Brooke Johnson, who had taken the surname of his uncle and was known as "Brooke Brooke", received her with great courtesy. After the Indies, the trip continued to parts of North and Central America, and finally back to Vienna in Her final excursion, begun in May , took her first to Mauritius, then to Madagascar, where she and her companions aroused the ire of the queen, who expelled them by a circuitous route, exhausting and dangerous.
By this time, Ida was very sick, probably from a recurrence of malaria contracted in Sumatra. Canceling a plan to continue to Australia, she broke off the trip. She finally reached Vienna in September , and she died the following month. Her final work, Reise nach Madagaskar, in two volumes, appeared only in Ida's reputation grew with her publications, many of which also appeared in translation.
Von Humboldt sponsored her honorary membership the first for a woman in the Berlin Society for Geography. During a visit to Berlin in she received a gold medal for arts and sciences from the King and Queen of Prussia. Members of the Royal Geographical Society in London provided a stipend of twenty pounds for her last voyage. Ida seemed to have been respected more in foreign society than in her own Vienna. Only in were Ida's remains were transferred to a place of honor in Vienna's central cemetery.
After decades of disinterest, her writings have been republished and recently, as mentioned, a number of secondary works have appeared. Ida had been a tomboy, and she traveled on her own, but she was hardly a model of emancipation. Her travel costume neatly combined practical pants and a skirt on top ; she often had to remove her sensible shoes to march barefoot over slippery ground, but in a photograph taken in Vienna she retreats behind a ruffled bonnet, very much the proper Biedermeyer lady of her times, although a globe in the background hints at her wider experience see illustrations.
Nevertheless, her confidence, curiosity, and self-reliance led her to rage at the ignorance of some of the women she met in her travels, especially the wives of local headmen, not to mention her annoyance with the unwillingness of some of her male guides for example Brooke's man, who accompanied her to Pontianak 51 , or the guides provided in South Sulawesi ,.
She especially hated getting a late start, which forced the party to walk in the heat of the day, but she failed to impress these guides and bearers, who preferred to begin the day with a leisurely breakfast and a smoke, with the need for an early departure. Ida's Travels in the Indies.
Travel in the s was time-consuming and subject to capricious delays. Although faster and more comfortable steam-driven vessels were available for longer stretches, they were more expensive, and Ida usually journeyed by sailing ship. Often she spent weeks waiting for the chance to move on, sometimes, as seen, completely changing her plans when an opportunity arose.
Sometimes, as in Bengkulen, rough seas prevented her ship's landing at a destination. On the other hand, in the Indies, she could depend on local European inhabitants for hospitality, information, and advice although she did not always take it. Beside colonial officials, these hosts included missionaries, and her "German countrymen", some of them businessmen or doctors in colonial service.
Native rulers were also hospitable and sometimes they volunteered to accompany her. In gratitude for their assistance, she dedicated her book to the Dutch in the Indies, especially the administrators and military officers who had helped her so much, "with deepest gratitude". Pfeiffer 's travels in the Indies in the s followed soon after the decision by the Netherlands to expand and consolidate its rule over the entire Archipelago. To obtain help from colonial. Her first tour took her from Sarawak, on foot and by small boat to Pontianak, then by sea to Sambas, after which she returned to Pontianak.
Captain Brooke as Sarawak's acting ruler tried to dissuade her from her plan to cross the island to Pontianak, but in the end he provided her with a boat in which, in January , she left Kuching for Iban country along the Batang Lupar River.
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At Skrang Fort the commander, Alan Lee who was killed in a skirmish with Ibans the following year 21 , after additional attempts to discourage her, lent her a boat and boatmen, also sending along his cook, who conveniently spoke a little English she later became conversant in Malay Ida soon reached territory not yet pacified by the Brookes and repeatedly heard warnings about ongoing warfare between upriver tribes.
In spite of these symbols of violence, apparently threatening situations soon became friendly welcomes. The Dutch had not yet established their claim to the territory she was now traversing, but they soon would. Ida was able to continue her journey by boat through the lakes to the Kapuas River, stopping overnight at the Malay principality of Sintang. Three and a half days from there, she arrived at Pontianak, where the astonished Dutch received the unexpected visitor.
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The wife of Resident TJ. Wilier invited her to be a houseguest, while others helped her visit the diamond mines of Landak She was also able to make a side excursion to the Chinese gold miners of the Lanfang Kongsi in Mandor On this trip not a native but a Chinese guide exasperated her. Lanfang was considered friend-. Resident Wilier himself was in Batavia in connection with the war with the kongsis, but he returned before her departure. Although he had his hands full with the question of how to deal with the intransigent Chinese and how to deal with Batavia, which soon fired him , Wilier found time to impress Ida as a competent administrator.
He may have been the one who warned Ida that she could expect little from the Dutch in Batavia, leaving her apprehensive about her welcome in the capital. Ida found time to visit Sambas, to the north of Pontianak, and the then deserted coastal settlement of Pemangkat 27 before she left the island. In Sambas, Assistant Resident R. Finally, she caught a ship for Batavia on May After a week's journey, she reached the capital. In the end Ida found people in that city both hospitable and cooperative. The German traders in Batavia provided her with a ticket for free passage on government steamships in the Archipelago, while colonial officials were interested and helpful.
Here and later, they advised on sights to see or to avoid, but Ida often ignored that , and arranged boats, horses and guides as necessary. Some helped catch specimens for her collection. The main goal of the Sumatra excursion was, after a visit to Minangkabau. Furthermore, at least since Marsden's History of Sumatra, 29 if not earlier, the Batak who lived in the uncolonized territory had the reputation of being cannibals.
Raffles had encouraged them to undertake that arduous journey, but a sudden, serious illness of one of them led them to turn around after reaching the valley of Silindung. Because heavy seas prevented her landing in Bengkulen, Padang was Ida's first stop on the Sumatra journey. The route from there to Bukittinggi, then called Fort de Kock, was easy enough to traverse. Along the way were places to change horses every few miles, a contrast to conditions when Raffles had traveled from Padang to Minangkabau territory in , when every rainfall had turned creeks into impassible gushing waters and rest houses were simple huts.
On her way to Bukittinggi Ida found ample time to enjoy the scenery and to add to her store of bugs and butterflies. West Sumatra in displayed both wealth and poverty, the former in Kota Gedang "beautiful and prosperous" with its lovely carved and painted houses, Bonjol on the other hand was quiet and unimportant, much of its land uncultivated , probably a legacy of the Padri War, the effects of which Raffles had also observed. The trip to Batak country, which began on August 5, led from Padang Sidempuan on horseback to Sipirok, where the Dutch had a coffee purchasing station under an Indonesian supervisor, and then out of Dutch territory and on foot, more or less along the Batang Torn River and through the valley of Silindung.
Two Batak headmen or "rajas" each accompanied her for part of the trip to act as translators and to assure her safety. At each village or huta along the path, they also had to negotiate for permission to cross through village territory. Her strongest impression of the Bataks was that they lived in filth. Still, the villages provided hospitality for a night or two, and villagers complied with her wish to see their dances.
They even mimed, at her request, the "dance" for the execution and consumption of a villain. She greatly enjoyed these performances, which included a sword dance that closely resembled the one she had seen in Dayak country , just as many artifacts, to her eye, resembled those of the Dayaks.
As the party continued through the Silindung Valley, receptions became more and more hostile. Finally, her party found itself surrounded by spear- bearers and their rajas, who made every effort to frighten Ida, showing by gestures their intent to cut her throat and chew up her arms. Ida displayed her mettle by confidently patting their leader on the shoulder Batak leaders, she tells us, were often six feet tall and Ida was a small woman.
Then she announced, with her customary bravado, in a broken mixture of Malay with a few words of Batak, "You wouldn't kill and eat a woman, at least not one who is as old as I am, whose flesh is already dry and tough". With humor on her side, she won the moment A few miles on, however, the Bataks strictly refused to let her continue. With only one mountain range to cross, she offered to leave all others behind and go on to Lake Toba alone, but they were not to be budged.
She must have been in the neighborhood of present-day Tarutung when she had to give up. Reluctantly, and with a lingering suspicion that her own guide might have encouraged the Bataks to refuse her passage because he himself wanted to turn back, Ida crossed the Silindung Valley by a different route and regained Padang Sidempuan on August As a consolation, the Bataks assured her that she had come farther than any other European ever had. After that arduous excursion, she spent some time traveling in Minangkabau, for example to Payakumbuh, where she joined a German medical doctor and amateur botanist in climbing Mt Merapi to view its crater.
Again, Ida used the excursion to add to her collections. Unlike Raffles, who was delighted to find this proof of the existence of a Hinduized Malay kingdom there, Ida seems unaware of the settlement's illustrious past. On October 7 she was again in Padang, ready to catch the steamer for Batavia. The Sumatra adventure had left her with a greatly expanded collection, now enriched with many kinds of fish and marine life, and another story to tell, but also with a recurring malarial fever.
In the end, Ida covered " Paal [roughly miles] on horseback and on foot " in Sumatra, much of the latter along rough, barely passable paths. The second stay in Java took Ida to Semarang, to Borobudur, and to Yogyakarta and Surakarta, where the respective rulers granted her an audience, and a sacred white turtle came out to greet her she carefully preserved one of its offspring in alcohol In Grobogan, she learned of the terrible famine of When this was communicated to Batavia by some individuals, the resident of Semarang stoutly denied that there was a problem, and an estimated , persons died before the government finally sent help.
She remarks with bitter irony :. Couldn't they have easily and quickly sent off a dependable official to report on the actual situation? Three years later, the area still appeared "sad and dark" Arriving in Surabaya Ida did not hesitate to take passage for Makassar, where she arrived in December, just as the rainy season began. Since this made travel to the interior of Sulawesi impossible, Ida promptly boarded a steamer for Banda. She and the other passengers arrived there on Christmas Eve, only to find that the island, with its beautiful harbor overlooked by Gunung Api, had suffered an earthquake and devastating tidal wave only four weeks before.
Most of the houses, as well as thousands of nutmeg trees, had been destroyed. Ida promptly continued on to Ambon, stopping only briefly before she boarded a ship for Ceram to realize her goal of meeting the "Alforese" or Alifuru, the people of the interior. That they were also known to be headhunters reinforced her interest. Unfortunately for Ida's curiosity, these people were extremely shy, avoiding contact even when she entered their villages. Finally, a native official regent agreed to accompany her and succeeded in getting some of the people to come out of hiding and show her their houses, their trophy skulls, and bones of wild boars they had taken.
At first the young people acceeded to Ida's wish to see the dance performed when heads were successfully taken, but their elders intervened, believing it would be bad luck. To compensate for this, the raja demonstrated the way his warriors hunted their enemies, with a dramatic pantomime of a headtak- ing. In reality, the fierce reputation of the Alifuru disguised a life in fear of attack and, apart from occasional headhunting, they were "harmless". Returning to Ambon, she caught a steamer to Ternate, where she met the sultan and saw more dances. In general, she found "Malay" dances too slow-moving, but the Dayak sword dance performed in Sarawak won her acclaim.
Soon she was en route to her next destination, landing in Kema in Minahasa, northern Sulawesi. In Kema, Ida made her first acquaintance with Dutch and German missionaries. She undertook a number of excursions to scenic areas like " wild, romantic " Lake Tondano, staying with other missionary families along her way. Minahasa's villages appeared pretty and clean, the houses well kept. The natives here were also "Alforese" but Ida found they neither resembled those of Ceram, nor were they headhunters. About a third were Christians, the rest "pagan". Critical of the activities of missionaries in India, China or Persia, Ida had great praise for the work of those in Minahasa, not least because they stayed put, not trying to cover great territories as itinerant preachers, whose message was forgotten as soon as they were out of sight.
They lived simply, close to the people, and often took native boys or girls into their families, the former to be trained as teachers the government did not subsidize their. The arrival of a steamer for Makassar cut short the stay in Menado. From Makassar, Ida hoped to visit the local rulers of the kingdoms of Bone, Goa and Sidenreng, who were allied with the Dutch but otherwise autonomous, as well as to travel to the mountains, where she hoped to find more "uncivilized" people, this time "cave-dwellers" presumably Toraja.
The governor only gave permission to visit Goa and Sidenreng, because Dutch relations with the other groups were not good. On April 17, she set out on horseback for Maros, where rains forced her to stop over with the assistant resident Count Bentheim for several days. He provided her with an interpreter who knew some Dutch, in addition to the guide the governor had provided.
Ida tried to resist this "courtesy", which the officials obviously hoped would keep her out of trouble. Since she was traveling by horseback, each accompanying person would require an additional mount, not to mention horses for her one coolie and for the two coolies each of her guides. When they left the horses and went by boat, larger transports would be needed. Not only did this make the logistics of travel more difficult than if she were traveling alone or with one or two persons, the men again seemed unwilling to take orders from her and even sabotaged her attempt to continue to the mountains to see the "cave-dwellers" Nonetheless, Ida was able to progress from Makassar and Maros, Pangkajene, Mandale, Segeri, Tanete where a queen reigned , Barru where another, youthful queen underwent tooth-filing , Pare-Pare, and Sidenreng, and on to Lagusi on the Cenrana River in Wajo territory, again under a queen.
The inhabitants of the Kingdom of Wajo Lagusi , a trading, peaceful people, prefer to be governed by queens ; they say that their rule is less warlike, more honest and quieter than that of the men She accepted the hospitality of the petty rulers, but she also expressed her distaste at the dirtiness and disorder of most of their simple thatched "palaces" one was "barn-like" and at the bad food she was usually offered.
Some of her hosts were curious about her background, and the ruler of Pare-Pare was genuinely interested in her information about Europe, asking about her "sultan" and even expressing the wish to purchase her travel books if they were in his language , but the ignorance of some of the women exasperated her. Back in Surabaya, Ida suffered from recurrence of the fever contracted in Sumatra, and had to curtail her excursions, but she did see the city's sights and those of the harbor, including the kampungs of the natives and Chinese.
A simple wedding and an elaborate, days-long marriage celebration honoring a wealthy Javanese bride and groom she wondered at their immobility and at the lack of conversation among the guests completed her experiences in Java Returning to Batavia, she was able to secure free passage on a ship for San Francisco, and her second world trip resumed in the New World.
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The Indies in Ida's View. Ida's journey was certainly remarkable, but what was the content of her account? To what extent did she report what she experienced and observed, or was she simply fitting her experiences to the ideas and stereotypes of others? Geraldine saves him and arranges that servants of Florizel capture the club members. The second story in the cycle is set in the Latin Quarter of Paris where an American tourist finds himself embroiled in a dastardly plot. Scuddamore is lured away by a beautiful young lady who promises a secret assignation but fails to appear. Returning to his hotel dejected he is shocked to discover a dead man in his bed.
Kindly neighbour Dr. Noel arranges for Scuddamore and the body concealed in a Saratoga trunk to be smuggled to London in the company of Prince Florizel. The third and final story in the cycle is set in the gas-lit streets of Victorian era London where a retired British soldier looks for adventure. In the story, former Lieutenant Brackenbury Rich is beckoned into the back of an elegantly appointed Hansom by a mysterious cabman who whisks him off to a party.
There the host continuously assesses his various guests and asks them to depart until only a handful are left. The host then reveals himself to be Colonel Geraldine and invites Rich to join him on a secret mission. They travel to a discreet location where Prince Florizel, with the assistance of Dr.
Noel, has finally ensnared the President of the Suicide Club. The Prince challenges the President to a duel to the death and emerges victorious. Footage from this film was later edited into Dr. Terror's House of Horrors Footage from this film was later edited into Curse of the Stone Hand Adaptation entitled The Ace of Deat h. Since the s, the coconut oil extracted from it had been used in soaps, while in the next decade it became an ingredient for the manufacture of candles. An increasing demand for these products in Europe made copra, which could be easily produced by drying coconuts, a much sought-after commodity Masterman In the s, cotton trade also held out alluring prospects.
In the United States, the Civil War had caused production to drop sharply. Initially the company prospered. He set up a branch in Apia in Samoa to engage in the trade in cotton, copra and other tropical products. Soon the company was buying up land in Samoa for its own plantations and began to expand its activities to other Pacific islands.
Weber carved himself out a key role in local Samoan politics in the closing decades of the nineteenth century.
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He used political as well as economic means to advance his own interests, those of the company he represented, and those of his fatherland. Gently he did not proceed. To escape annexation by Germany, Samoan chiefs offered their islands to Washington and London; anything they considered better than coming under German rule. Fred Hennings was the first of the siblings to have come to the islands.
He settled there in , at a time when, as a minute presented by the German ambassador in London, G. Propelled by the activities of such firms, German business interests spread in the Southern Pacific from Samoa and Fiji, where the Hennings brothers became the representatives of the Godeffroy firm, to Tonga, the New Britain Archipelago, and the Caroline and Marshall Islands. One bone of contention was landownership.
Conflicts over land, attributable to the different perceptions of ownership of land, were virtually endemic everywhere the trading companies and private individuals bought land. Diametrically opposed to the European concept of individual ownership was that of the Islanders who believed that land was communally owned. Islanders sold land to Europeans without consulting or informing others who were also entitled to it according to customary law of shared ownership. It was not uncommon that a number of different Islanders sold the same piece of ground to more than one foreigner.
In Fiji, British since , the situation was equally complicated and confusing. Labour in the Southern Pacific was a scarce commodity. On the larger island groups such as Samoa and Fiji, where foreigners had established cotton, coconut and sugar cane plantations, agricultural workers had to be brought in from the outside. The same had to be done in Australia. Especially in Queensland was the demand for labour so high that a steady influx of the Pacific Islanders was necessary to keep the sugar cane estates running.
Between and , around 62, labourers from the Pacific islands were shipped to Queensland to work its estates Scarr Control over island groups meant control over their labour forces, which could be recruited for the plantations where a constant demand for labour persisted. One of the regions on which attention focused was the New Britain Archipelago, to the north of New Guinea.
As in Samoa, the German presence here was strong. In the early s, its islands had become one of the major labour-recruiting regions for German estate owners. The inroads caused by other labour traders, especially those from Queensland was execrated. Occasionally, the competition over the labour traffic turned violent. When a vessel from Queensland tried to recruit labour in his territory, apart from trying to convince the Islanders that they would be roasted and eaten in Queensland, he fired shots at the Queensland crew, who replied by setting fire to his hut The Argus , Predictably it was the other who was to blame for the maltreatment of Pacific Islanders.
Germans levelled the accusation that the labour agents and estate owners in Queensland were engaged in a traffic which was not much different from slave trade, and suggested that the Islanders preferred German plantations near their home islands to those in distant Queensland von Koschitzky II, In Australia it was maintained that only British rule could be beneficial to the Islanders. Domestic unrest also posed a danger to the life and property of the foreign landowners and traders, providing the latter with an additional motive to invite foreign intervention or to take matters into their own hands to restore law and order.
The first place where this was to happen was Fiji. Before the British intervened in , Fiji had been the scene of rampant endemic war and disorder. After he had succeeded his father as Paramount Chief of Bau in , Cakobau proclaimed himself as King of the whole of Fiji.
Beyond the borders of Bau his claim was not recognized. Initially foreign settlers thought that by siding with Cakobau they could strike it rich. Afterwards, Governor A. In June of that year, he proclaimed a constitutional monarchy encompassing the whole of Fiji. The cabinet and Legislative Assembly were controlled by Western settlers. The Fiji Times of 29 July, , left no doubt about this:. Scarr More importantly, the cotton market collapsed, disorder ruled as before, and former rivals of Cakobau contemplated rising against him again. Shortly after the problems over land titles had arisen on Fiji, the German and British empires fell out over control over Samoa, a hub of trans-Pacific trade and in those days, about three-days voyage away from Fiji.
Germany, accentuating its preponderance in the island group, wanted to control Samoa, either as a colony or as a protectorate; London, in order not to disturb relations with the settlers in New Zealand and Australia, could hardly assent to this. The annexation of Fiji by Great Britain, brought into play an element of security as well: the prospect of an uncontested enemy naval base close to a British possession.
The aim was to secure more land with a clear title, at least with a title recognized by their local ally whom they had eased into power, and besides this, more generally, an advancement of their own commercial interests and those of their compatriots. It was not only the British and Germans—and to a lesser extent the French—who acted in this way in Samoa. Americans had actually shown the way.
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Meade, by concluding a treaty with the High Chief of Pago Pago had secured its port as a coaling station for the United States. Meade, moreover, had given some of the chiefs the impression that their territory had come under American protection. His promises did not eventuate, nor did the coaling station materialize for a long time. The first arrangements for this were made only in At that time, finally the main foreign contestants in Samoa had established clear legal procedures for the purchase of land from the Islanders.
The delay cost the American government dearly. Steinberger, to Samoa on a fact-finding mission. After having sailed back to the United States to report to his government, Steinberger returned in Samoa for a second visit in Claiming that he was still a representative of the United States, he set out to restructure Samoan politics and to transform Samoa into a constitutional monarchy along Western lines. The heads of the two lineages were to serve alternately as king for four years. The first to assume royal status was Malietoa Laupepa of the Malietoa lineage.
Steinberger himself assumed the post of Prime Minister. The new political system seems to have been welcomed by the Samoans, whose well-being Steinberger was said to have at heart, but its reception among the settlers was less enthousiastic Masterman Some of them suspected Steinberger of special dealings with the Godeffroy firm. In the civil war that was to follow, the two bodies could initially count on American support and sympathy; the Germans and Britons tended to side with the deposed king. In return Malietoa Talavou had to accept that much of the executive authority of his government now fell into foreign hands.
Plans were worked out, according to which the Minister of Justice was to be an American, the German community was to provide the Minister of Finance, and the position of Minister of Public Works was to be filled by a Briton. All three were to be paid by the Samoan government, but selected by their respective consul.
The system, worked out by the consuls, had as fleeting life, as neither Washington nor London could assent to such a deep involvement in the administration of Samoa as that with which their consuls had come up Koschitzky II, ; Gilson Nevertheless, the three foreign communities did obtain a share in the administration of city of Apia, the major foreign settlement on Samoa, which, in times of civil war, had to be recognized as neutral territory. In Apia and its hinterland came under joint British, American, and German and Samoan administration, the three consuls forming the municipal board.
Among his first tasks was to root out any resistance against Tamasese which might still linger. In August, at a moment when there were no American or British war vessels moored at Apia and at the time when in Washington representatives of the three powers were discussing the future of Samoa, the Germans in Samoa acted. Using putative insults to the Kaiser as an excuse, war was declared on Malietoa Laupepa. Tamasese was supplied with guns and money by Weber. With German backing, he became the new king. Laupepa was sent into exile by the senior German naval officer present.
The first Western prime minister made his appearance during the reign King David Kalakaua. Commencing his reign in as someone who was known for his pro-American sympathies, within a decade King Kalakaua begun to distance himself from the United States. In he sent his ambassador in the United States, H. Carter, on a tour through Europe, where he also visited the Foreign Office in The Hague, to plead with its governments to halt any further annexation of islands in the Pacific.
The mission addressed itself to the intentions of the European nations in the Pacific, above all those of Germany, Great Britain, and France. Simultaneously it was part of a campaign to weaken the strong position that Americans and the United States had attained in Hawaii. He also dreamed about a key-role for himself in the wider Pacific. Gibson had been impressed by the writings of the Australian journalist Charles St.
It only reaped trouble for King Kalakaua. In June , when a rebellion by foreign residents threatened and a company of armed men marched on the palace, King Kalakaua had to give in. He allowed for changes in the Hawaiian constitution, which would curb his powers and increase the say of the foreign residents in the running of the kingdom even more. Queen Liliuokalani was a remarkable person. Besides being a poet and composer, among her other hobbies was the writing of Hawaiian songs, including the well-known Aloha Oe.
She also had a sense of humour, which may not have been easily understood in Victorian days. Her intention to continue the Hawaii-centred policy of her late brother did not exactly run parallel with his conviction that Hawaii had to become part of the United States. Three days later they formed a provisional government and dethroned Queen Liliuokalani. It was chaired by Stanford Ballad Dole, a lawyer and at the time of the revolt a member of the Supreme Court. He also assumed the posts of President and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Among those who spoke out in favour of the new government was the Dutch Consul, J.
Annexation is repugnant to the feeling of every native Hawaiian, as well as many foreigners. Annexation is not necessary for the ends of policy or civilization or commerce or security. Probably no city can show a record so free of crime of all kinds. For almost a year, he had urged Washington to take control over Hawaii in one or another way.
It was he to whom the Committee of Safety turned for support when it planned to take over the government of Hawaii. He responded immediately and still the same day, 16 January, ordered the occupation of Honolulu by marines from warship Boston, anchored in its harbour. No pretence was kept up that they came to protect American life and property.
The troops did not bother to march to the American consulate or to the residential area where the foreigners were living. They occupied a quiet town, where there were no signs of unrest or disorder. On 19 January, a delegation of the Provisional Government left Honolulu for Washington to discuss a treaty of annexation. It was agreed upon by the American government on 14 February and transmitted to the Senate the following day. A change in government in Washington put a spoke in the wheel.
In December , the new President, Grover Cleveland, withdrew the draft treaty from consideration. In strong language, he condemned what had happened in Hawaii, in January. Although Cleveland toyed with the idea of restoring the monarchy in Hawaii he was unable to force the Provisional Government to resign.
Becoming part of the United States now being out of the question, it proclaimed the Republic of Hawaii in July A few years later, when expansionist feelings had gained ground and with William McKinley in the White House, the Spanish-American War tipped the scales. In July , the United States annexed Hawaii. In Samoa was partitioned. The United States received the eastern part, Germany took possession of western Samoa. Great Britain withdrew. He acted more in the spirit of James Brooke, being an advocate of bringing civilization to the Samoans without destroying their own culture.
They were lured to the region, or tried to convince others to participate in their business ventures, by exaggerated expectations and portrayals of the natural richness and the prospects of economic exploitation of the islands where they settled. Nevertheless, they represent two different types of stranger-rulers. They received their concessions, and the titles that went with them, through negotiations.
They were successful in this because the other party was weak. In James Brooke was handed over control over his tract of land by the uncle of the Sultan of Brunei as a reward for helping to suppress a rebellion.
- Loves Forbidden Flower.
- Walking On Water: A Life In The Law.
- Shop by category.
- Western Literature in China and the Translation of a Nation.
- Buy for others.
- Der Diamant des Radschas – Wikipedia;
- Im Abendrot - Score and Parts.
It may well have been that the Sultan saw in Brooke an instrument with which to keep his Sultanate intact, a person who could prevent further uprisings from occurring. James Brooke was drawn into a divided society. The Sabah story is not much different. Business interests provided the prime motivation for the intervention, and it is hardly likely that in , when Alfred Dent and Overbeck negotiated their concession, the Sultan of Brunei was in a stronger position than he had been some thirty-five years before.
A similar remark can be made about the second person whom Dent and Overbeck contacted in order to secure their concession, the Sultan of Sulu. He was fighting for the survival of his sultanate, and would soon be subdued by Spain. Steinberger, Theodor Weber, and John L. Stevens, are less likely candidates for such a treatment. The difference in title already suggests a different approach to indigenous culture and society. The setting is also different. Brooke and Overbeck wanted to start business ventures in regions where hardly any Europeans or Americans had yet set foot.


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Halle-Rae, Teagan, Henry, Georgina, Isaac, Ellis, Emma, Arlo and Evie for Orchard Toys
Our SRJ superstars have been on lots of different shoots with Orchard Toys, showcasing lots of their fantastic games, from dinosaur lotto to what's the time Mr Wolf!
Halle-Rae, Teagen, Henry, Georgina, Issac, Ellis, Emma and Arlo were joined by Sinead Gray and Eli Ellwood in these gorgeous shots taken by Matt Keal.
The Clarke Family for Euronics
The Clarke Family had oodles of fun on set with Euronics testing out all of their appliances in set up scenes. We absolutely love that a dog was included in the shoot too!
One of our favourite clips was the sneaky refrigerator camera spying on what the family were eating! Maisy we love that you went straight for the chocolate!
Samuel Dunn for Sizzix
We are daydreaming about summer days in the park with a picnic thanks to these gorgeous photos of Samuel Dunn for Sissix! Hopefully Easter will bring some warmer weather!
The shots taken by Oliver Suckling also feature our models Carol Ann Goodman and Namju go from Sandra Reynolds.
Phoebe Taylor and Harry Thomas for Hartland Village
We love this happy family shot for Hartland village featuring our talented Sandra Reynolds Juniors models Phoebe Taylor and Harry Thomas, alongside Charles Towning from Sandra Reynolds.
For any model bookings or enquiries please email firstname.lastname@example.com
or call 0207 387 5858

subset: commoncrawl


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Vitamins & Supplements Center
Drugs and Medications Center
Related to Vitamins & Supplements
Common Condorvine, Condurango Blanco, Condurango Cortex, Eagle-Vine Bark, Gonolobus condurango, Lechero, Liane du Condor, Marsdenia condurango, Marsdenia reichenbachii, Tue-Chien.
Overview InformationCondurango is an herb. People use the bark to make medicine.
Condurango is used for indigestion and stomach cancer. It is also used for increasing the appetite.
How does it work?Condurango contains a substance that stimulates salivation and stomach juices.
Uses & Effectiveness
Insufficient Evidence for
- Indigestion.
- Stomachcancer.
- Increasing the appetite.
- Other conditions.
Side Effects & SafetyCondurango seems safe for most people when used appropriately.
Special Precautions & Warnings:Pregnancy and breast-feeding: not enough is known about the use of condurango during pregnancy and breast-feeding. stay on the safe side and avoid use.
Latex allergy: People who are allergic to latex are sometimes also allergic to condurango. The allergic reaction can be severe. Be sure to avoid condurango if you have a latex allergy.
We currently have no information for CONDURANGO Interactions.
The appropriate dose of condurango depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for condurango. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.
- Pfutzner W, Thomas P, Rueff F, Przybilla B. Anaphylactic reaction elicited by condurango bark in a patient allergic to natural rubber latex. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:281-2.
- Rueff F, Schoepf P, Pfuetzner W, Przybilla B. Sensitization to condurango bark is frequent in patients with allergy to natural rubber latex. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:S207.
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Decisions of FERWAFA Disciplinary Committee – 30 November 2018
On November 30, 2018, the Disciplinary Committee of Rwanda Football Federation held a meeting in order to decide over the case of poor misconduct exhibited during match day three of the Azam Rwanda Premier League match between Sunrise Fc and Rayon Sports Fc staged on November 1, 2018 at Nyagatare Grounds.
The following decisions were taken by the FERWAFA Disciplinary Committee regarding the parties involved:
1. Mr. Bimenyimana Caleb, Rayon Sports Fc forward and Dushimimana Claude, the Kit Manager of Rayon Sports FC were found guilty of intentionally inflicting bodily injuries (Lesions Corporelles) to a Sunrise Fc supporter who invaded the field of play during the above mentioned match day on November 1, 2018
2. Mr. Bimenyimana Caleb, Rayon Sports FC forward is slapped a four-match suspension and a fine of Rwf. 30,000.
3. Mr. Dushimimana Claude, the Kit Manager of Rayon Sports FC is handed a one-year suspension from all football activities and a fine of Rwf. 50,000
4. Sunrise FC will host their next Azam Rwanda Premier League Match Day behind closed doors.
The above decisions have been communicated to concerned clubs and they take immediate effect.


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Pop over to Sheikh Mo's Facebook page and you'll see a couple of recently posted photos of him giving some coffee to a family in the desert.
The family he met are my colleague Craig Reynolds'. They were all having a barbeque in the dunes off a main road, when Sheikh Mo popped over to say hello. Pretty cool!


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Day Two of Filming
Second day started with another early morning for our cast and crew. We spent most of the time in the beautifully lit log cabin with our very talented leads. Overall, we shot five scenes in three stunning locations today. Stay tuned for more behind the scenes action.


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The hidden history of Colorado's Germans from Russia
Even the toddlers in this large German-Russian family near Greeley helped work in the sugar beet fields. Although ethnically German, their people lived on the Volga River in Russia for several generations before coming to Colorado.
Greeley History Museum
Wherever you see an old sugar factory in northeast Colorado, you can probably find a krautburger nearby. This favorite local lunch is part of the cultural legacy of the Germans from Russia, the people whose work in the sugar beet fields fueled the region's prosperity but whose very existence has become obscured by history.
Mexican food is the house specialty at The Border Restaurant on Main Street in downtown Windsor. The enchiladas, chile rellenos and chimichangas are big sellers, but one of the most popular menu items stands out from the rest: the krautburger.
Mexican restaurants don't typically serve krautburgers. In Windsor, however, it seems perfectly normal. Windsor lies at the heart of what you might call northeast Colorado's Krautburger Triangle, which covers the area between Brighton, Fort Collins and Sterling. Travel within the triangle, and you can generally find a nearby restaurant that serves these dough pockets stuffed with seasoned ground beef, cabbage and onions. Venture beyond, and you'll get a lot of perplexed looks if you try to order one.
The krautburger flourishes here because it is the Colorado homeland of the people who brought it over from the Old World – the people known as German-Russians, or Germans from Russia. Although many Coloradans have never heard of the Germans from Russia, or are simply confused by the seemingly oxymoronic term German-Russian, their history and culture is deeply embedded in the way of life of the northern Front Range and northeast Plains. Krautburgers are just the tip of the iceberg.
From Germany to Russia to Colorado
A little more than a century ago, northeast Colorado was in the midst of an economic boom thanks to white gold – sugar. Farmers grew sugar beets in fields throughout the region, raking in millions of dollars when local sugar factories turned the beets into pure, white sugar. The sugar boom couldn't have happened without workers willing to work long, hard hours in the beet fields, and the original migrant laborers who met this need were the Germans from Russia.
Germans are from Germany, and Russians are from Russia. So what, exactly, is a German from Russia? John Kammerzell, president of the Northern Colorado Chapter of the American Historical Society of Germans from Russia, has a lifetime of experience answering this question. His family has been fielding similar queries since they arrived in the United States from the Volga region of Russia in 1906.
Kammerzell, a retired U.S. marshal now living in Fort Collins, remembers how his grandparents bristled as they told him how their old neighbors in Brighton used to call their family "dirty Russians" – or "dirty Rooshuns," as the locals pronounced it. The name-calling stung Grandpa Johannes and Grandma Emma because it simply wasn't true: Not only weren't they dirty, they weren't even Russians; they were ethnic Germans.
The story of how the Kammerzells and other German families came to live in Russia begins with Russian Empress Catherine the Great. (With the possible exception of history professors, no group seems to be as knowledgeable about Catherine the Great as German-Russians.) In 1763, the German-born Catherine put out an open invitation for Germans to come settle along the Volga River in Russia, promising them cheap land, freedom to keep their own language and religion, low taxes, self-governance and exemption from Russian military service. For German peasants yearning to own their own land and escape the misery of the recently ended Seven Years' War, it was an attractive offer. More than 30,000 Germans moved to colonies in the Volga region. They called themselves the Volga Deutsche.
The Germans thrived for many generations, successfully farming the fertile steppes. Then, near the turn of the 20th century, the Russian government began reneging on Catherine's promises, pressuring the Germans to adopt Russian ways and conscripting the men into the military. Kammerzell's great-grandfather Georg Victor Kammerzell was drafted into the Russian army, leaving behind his home in the town of Frank to fight in the Russo-Japanese War, a horrific conflict that presaged the trench warfare of World War I. His family received no word from him for several years. They assumed he was dead.
"One day, this guy in uniform came walking down the road into Frank," Kammerzell said, repeating an old family story. "My great-grandmother saw him, but she didn't realize until he got very close that it was her husband – he'd lost so much weight and was so unkempt. As soon as he got home, he said, 'We're leaving.' "
Like thousands of other German families along the Volga, the Kammerzells came to America, bound for the beet fields of the Great Plains.
For the rest of the story see the September/October 2017 issue of Colorado Life.


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Other Education nearby:
(Idaho Falls) A H Bush Elementary School
(Rexburg) Aero Technicians, Inc.
(Idaho Falls) Bonneville Joint School District
(Idaho Falls) Ethel Boyes Elementary School
(Idaho Falls) Fox Hollow Elementary School
(Idaho Falls) Hillview Elementary School
The fair has all the traditional elements of an agricultural fair, including exhibits and 4-H competition.
Jackson Hole Fall Arts Festival Jackson Hole WY September5-12 The Jackson Hole Fall Arts Festival is widely recognized as one of the premier cultural events in the Rocky Mountain West. Portneuf Greenway Foundation RiverFest Pocatello ID August17-September17 This is a one day festival which features local and regional bands. This year's headliner band is The Clumsy Lovers. We also have craft booths, commercial booths and lots of great food. There will be a horseshoe tournament as well as our famous raffle. In previous years we have given away camp trailers, boats and cars.


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The Amped Striped Long Sleeve is a soft organic cotton top with a characteristic waffle texture, adorned with a frontal slogan and a playful print at the back. Styled with a round neck, cuffed sleeves, and short slits on the sides. The model wears size medium that measures 116 cm in chest circumference, 77 cm in length and 64 cm in sleeve length.
Weekday started life as a small concept store on the fringes of Stockholm (that was only open on weekends). The young Scandi brand has stayed true to its roots, remaining the place to find the latest streetwear-inspired trends.
Shop More:


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Car seat protector for women Wood Car seat cover Car accessory Front seat cover for car Gift for her Car accessories seat cover set
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This massage seat cover for car made of wooden beads. Each bead is varnished twice. During the ride these balls are spinning and at the same time doing a massage, which relieves fatigue and invigorates. Also, a wooden massage cape provides ventilation of the back and legs. This Car seat protector can become a wonderful holiday gift, as well as a husband's gift, a boyfriend's gift, a father's gift. The size of each bead is 2 x 1.5cm Size of cover: length 125 cm (49.2") width of the seat 48 cm (18.9") back width 37 cm (14.5") Please note that due to lighting effects, monitor's brightness, contrast and other settings, there might be some slight differences in the color tone/shade of the web site's photo and the actual item.
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Fate of Coast Guard Loran program in question
The Senate began considering a fiscal 2010 spending bill today that would provide $97 million more for the Homeland Security Department than the Obama administration requested. The legislation also corresponds fairly closely to the measure the House approved June 24
One issue lawmakers are still debating is whether to approve the administration's request to phase out the Coast Guard's Long-Range Navigation (Loran) system. The House approved additional funding for the system, and some senators agree that it would be better to keep it running as a backup to the modern, satellite-based Global Positioning System.
White House officials put Loran on a list of proposed terminations, saying the move would save $36 million in 2010 and $190 million in the next five years. The Senate spending bill supports terminating the system in 2010. Meanwhile, the House's DHS appropriations bill and a separate Senate Coast Guard authorization bill reject the termination and call for maintaining and upgrading the system.
"In the event of a GPS outage, it is important to have a separate, ground-based navigation system in place," said Craig Spence, vice president of regulatory affairs at the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association, in a statement posted on the organization's Web site. "AOPA has long cautioned against decommissioning Loran before a backup is established."
The bill the Senate is considering today includes $18 million to continue operating Loran until January 2010, with provisions to terminate it after then if the Coast Guard certifies that the system is no longer needed, according to a June 17 statement from the Senate Appropriations Committee.
However, it's possible that senators might try to amend the bill on the floor. Sen. Maria Cantwell (D-Wash.) has introduced a Coast Guard authorization bill that would maintain the Loran system until the Coast Guard makes the transition to more advanced technology.
Overall, the Senate bill would provide $42.9 billion in discretionary funding for DHS — about $302 million more than the House version.
About the Authors
Alice Lipowicz is a staff writer covering government 2.0, homeland security and other IT policies for Federal Computer Week.
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Summer Palace Beijing
The Summer Palace is mainly dominated by Longevity Hill and the Kumming Lake It covers an expanse of 2.9 square kilometres (720 acres), three-quarters of which is water. The lake is entirely man-made and the excavated soil was used to build Longevity Hill.
The Palace's history is entwined with the Empress Dowager Cixi's. She was around when the British and French torched the place in a reprisal to atrocities committed by the Chinese during the First Opium war. Then, money was diverted from the Chinese navy to rebuild as part of her 60th Birthday celebrations but the Chinese lost the Sino Japanese war the year before due, largely to a weakened navy so plans for the celebration were dropped.
Beijing in the rain
It has been incredibly hot and sticky here of late. So, it shouldn't really be a huge a surprise that it broke with a massive storm. It may not rain often around Tianjin and Beijing but when it does, it does it properly.
These were taken in a little Hutong that has become home to lots of little tourist shops and eateries. We were there for the Dragon Boat holiday so it was especially busy but quite nice and, again, different from what one usually experiences in China. There seem to be a quite a lot of these little areas in Beijing that are trying to be a bit indie and edgey but are, of course, officially sanctioned so it is all very sanitised but I do like them. Also, the food in these areas is always tip-top!
I waited until it was just going dark so the exposure time gave a bit of blur but there was still enough light to hand-hold the camera as there was never going to be enough room for a tripod.
The idea was to get a mix of brollys and colourful reflections on the damp cobbles.
The summer palace
There are two summer palaces, which I didn't know. On our first trip to Beijing we went to the new one which was packed as it was a national holiday, which I will write about soon. The plan was to go back mid-week and out of season and try and enjoy the peace and quiet of the place, but we ended up at the wrong one.
One of our better mistakes!
It is dominated by lakes and the reflections are lovely and very typically Chinese. However, all that massive expanse of water does make it ruddy cold in early March!
The Beijing Obsveratory
The observatory sits on top of one of the few remaining parts of the city walls. So, a trip here is also a rare chance to see those too.
There are some small, but very nice gardens to walk around that house an interesting collection of planetary position fixing gear, all of which is ornately covered in the usual dragons.
The guy to the left is the one who was responsible for all of this physics stuff and there are a couple of statues to him. At the top of the watch tower are some bigger pieces of kit which look very impressive but I have no idea what they do/did.
One of the highlights is a water clock that uses uses a bunny to help measure the time but, unfortunately, the pictures of this didn't come out very well as it was inside and the light was too low. In the end we decided that it was more of a stopwatch than a clock: still it was querky.
Three adults, two children all for the bargain price of 65Y (GBP6.50) which I thought was pretty good value.
One of Beijing's lesser known sights but very interesting none-the-less and well worth a look see.
To round off our mini China tour with the mother-in-law we went to Beijing. I had (for once at least) a plan as to the kind of pictures I was looking for. This is definitely easier to do once you know where you are going and what you are going to see.
The idea was taken from the Winner of the TPOTY competition. His were almost, but not quite, silhouettes of Paris to give nice monochrome graphic images. I'n not sure I got what I was after but I do like the first two in particular.
Factory 798 (798艺术区) Beijing
The temple of Heaven
This was the centre of the Middle Kingdom. The link between Heaven and the more mundane world here. This is where the Emperor would come to receive guidance on what to do only after the three days of fasting had attuned him to the frequency of the Gods (They probably sounded like Elvis or possibly Johnny Cash). During the procession from the Imperial Palace it was forbidden for commoners to view the court's procession so they had to stay inside with their windows shuttered.
The whole of the main temple is wooden and there is not a single nail used in its construction.
Beijing: Hutongs
These are the old residential districts of Beijing. Sadly(?) many, if not most, have now gone but the remaining ones seem to be protected from the developers. They are basically just streets but are charming and there is a sense of community in them.
Well worth a gentle stroll. You won't see anything jaw-droppingly beautiful or spectacular.... They're just nice and peaceful, which is rare commodity in Beijing.
Our first half-term holiday and we took the 35 minute journey on the High Speed train to Beijing. Only 6GBP per person in first class, so we splashed out. Very impressed with China's railway system... Very clean, efficient and cheap!
First stop was the Forbidden City and then round to Tianaman Sq. They were a short walk from the hotel, so we thought would make a nice afternoon outing. The only problem was so did everyone else. According to the news the day we were there and the day before saw a total of 2.5 million people in the square.
Everyone else's pictures of this place show a vast deserted sq, it is (I believe) the largest public space in the world. So, even when there are a lot of people around it still looks empty.
Oh no!
Not on the day we went.... It was heaving. A double holiday of Moon festival and National day. Apparently they will make sure they don't fall at the same time in the future as it was so busy everywhere.
Still got the classic shot of the portrait of Mao though
This will be a blog about my latest shots and what I liked or was trying to do with them
I am a teacher of Economics and have worked in various schools in Europe & Asia. One of the things I love doing is getting out and about with my camera.
December 2019
NeilPeel's Photography
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all money donated will be given to the GEORGETOWN BREAD BASKET
Cute fabric crowns
Perfect for imaginary play or dress up
crown fits approx. 2y-10y
elastic back with cotton binding on front
Comes wrapped in cello with tags- ready for gift giving
I am donating my time and materials for free and all money collected I will donating locally to the Georgetown Bread Basket weekly.
Regular Retail Price - $22


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Learn how to build a simple game with an embedded ESP32 board in this article by Agus Kurniawan, an independent technology consultant, author, and lecturer with experience for 18+ years in various software development projects, delivering materials in training and workshop and delivering technical writings.
This article will look at developing a game with an embedded ESP32 board and some embedded modules. Here, you will learn how to work with a joystick, buttons, sound, and an LCD. Before we begin, make sure you have the following things ready:
· A computer with an OS installed, such as Windows, Linux, or mac
· An ESP32 development board – it is recommended to use the ESP-WROVER-KIT v4 board from Espressif
Introducing game-embedded systems
You will be familiar with the Game Boy, an 8-bit handheld game console developed by Nintendo. This console includes a joys...
The Packt podcast features interviews with industry experts and key influencers to help you better understand what's actually happening in tech. Presented by Stacy Matthews and Richard Gall, the podcast tackles complexity head-on and unpicks the real-world implications of new trends and technologies.
Artificial intelligence threats are regularly talked...
As your family sits down after dinner and a long day of work, one of the children starts up a conversation with her new connected play doll, while the other begins to watch a movie on the new smart television. The smart thermostat is keeping the living area at steady 22°C, while diverting energy from the rooms that aren't being used at the moment.
Father is making use of the home computer's voice control features, while mother is installing new smart light bulbs that can change color on command or based on variations in the home environment. In the background, the smart refrigerator is transmitting an order for the next-day delivery of groceries.
This setting tells a great story about the consumer Internet of Things (IoT) in that there are exciting new capabilities and conveniences. It also begins to make clear the soon-to-be hyper-connected nature of our homes and environments. If we start to examine these new smart products, we can begin to see the concern surrounding privacy within the IoT.
The privacy challenges with the IoT are enormous, gi...
Amazon Web Services offers a few different container solutions. The one we are going to look at in this section is part of the Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) and is called AWS Fargate.
Traditionally, Amazon ECS launches EC2 instances. Once launched, an Amazon ECS agent is deployed alongside a container runtime that allows you to then manage your containers using the AWS Console and command-line tools. AWS Fargate removes the need to launch EC2 instances, allowing you to simply launch containers without having to worry about managing a cluster or having the expense of EC2 instances.
We are going to cheat slightly and work through the Amazon ECS first run process. You can access this by going to the following URL: https://console.aws.amazon.com/ecs/home#/firstRun. This will take us through the four steps we need to take to launch a container within a Fargate cluster.
Amazon ECS uses the following components:
Once you've created a distributed application based on the microservice architecture and architected the application as a set of services, you can deploy each service as a set of service instances to improve throughput and availability. The microservice architecture makes the service deployable and scalable, meaning all service instances are isolated from each other.
The microservice architecture allows us to build and deploy a service quickly. It also allows us to limit the number of resources used, including CPU, memory, and I/O resources. A microservice application has tens of hundreds of services. You can independently increase or decrease resources of a deployment machine based on the usage of a service.
Microservices also allow you to write a service in any language and framework, so you can provide the infrastructure for a service accordingly. You can monitor each service independently and deploy a service according to its behavior.
For example, imagine that you need to run a service with a certain number of instances based on the demand for the service in a business application. With a microservice application, you can easily achieve this by adding multiple VMs or containers for that particular service.
You can also provide the appropriate CPU, memory, and I/O resources for each instance. The challenging aspect of a microservice application is that the service deployment must be fast, reliable, and cost-effective.
There are a few strategies that we can use to deploy the microservices of a distributed application; they are as follows:
These microservice deployment patterns were suggested by Chris Richardson on his blog, https://microservices.io/.
Let's now have a look at each strategy in detail.
According to this strategy, multiple instances of a microservice run on one or more physical or virtual hosts. In this approach, each instance of the service runs on a different, well-known port on one or more virtual or physical machines. This is a very traditional approach to microservice application deployment and is illustrated in the following diagram:
The preceding diagram shows the structure of this pattern. There are two physical or virtual hosts (A and B). These hosts have multiple instances of microservices for our application, and they are Account Service, Order Service, and Book Service.
You can achieve this pattern of microservice deployment using the following methods:
This pattern has the following benefits:
However, this approach also has the following disadvantages:
As mentioned earlier, this is the traditional approach to deploying microservices, so it has more limitations than the others. Let's now move on to some other approaches.
According to this approach, we deploy a single instance of a microservice on its own single host. A service instance is deployed to its own host and each service instance runs independently. This approach has two specific patterns:
A host can be a physical machine, a virtual machine, or a container such as a Docker container. The following diagram demonstrates this approach of deploying microservices:
As you can see in the preceding diagram, there is a number of hosts, each of which holds several instances of services. Each service instance has been deployed on its own host machine, that is either a VM or a container. Let's now discuss the benefits and drawbacks of this approach.
This approach has the following benefits:
However, this approach has the following drawback:
Let's have a look at the two different types of this pattern.
According to this approach, you can package the service as a VM image and use this to deploy it. The service instance is deployed as a separate VM. For example, we can use an AWS EC2 instance as a VM, as illustrated in the following diagram:
As you can see in the preceding diagram, this pattern packages an instance of the service as a VM image and launches the VM images as a running process, such as the Amazon EC2 AMI.
Many companies use this approach to deploy microservices, such as Netflix, who use this pattern to deploy their video streaming service. Netflix packages an instance of the video streaming service as an EC2 AMI using Aminator, with each instance running as an EC2 instance. Other companies who use this pattern include Boxfuse and Cloud Native.
There are various tools available on the market to package instances of your services as VM images. For example, Jenkins invokes Aminator to build an instance of your service as an EC2 AMI. Similarly, Packer creates VM images through multiple virtualization technologies such as EC2, DigitalOcean, VirtualBox, and VMware.
Let's now move on and have a look at the benefits and drawbacks of this approach.
This approach has the following benefits:
However, this pattern does have the following disadvantages:
Let's have a look at another, more lightweight approach to deploying microservices: the single instance of microservices per container pattern.
According to this approach, each instance of a microservice runs on its own individual lightweight container. The container is nothing but a virtualization mechanism at the operating system level. This means that you can package your service as a container image, such as a Docker image, and you can deploy that image as a container, as illustrated in the following diagram:
As you can see in the preceding diagram, each container is virtualized over the operating system of the VM.
Docker is one of the most popular container-based technologies. Docker provides a way of packaging and deploying services. Each service is packaged as a Docker image, which is then deployed as a Docker container. You can use Docker containers with the following Docker clustering frameworks to manage your containers:
Docker images have their own port namespace and root filesystem and you can also set a resource utilization limit for each container.
Let's have a look at the benefits and drawbacks of this method.
The benefits of the container approach are similar to those of the VM approach. It also has the following additional advantages:
This pattern has the following drawbacks:
We've now looked at different approaches to deploying microservices. You can choose either VMs or containers for deploying microservices, according to your requirements.
If you enjoyed reading this article and want to learn more about microservices, you can explore Hands-On Microservices – Monitoring and Testing. Following a pragmatic approach, Hands-On Microservices – Monitoring and Testing takes you through the concepts in a seamless manner to give you an in-depth knowledge of continuous testing and monitoring of microservices and is a must-read for microservices developers.
In this article, we are going to talk about how to collect URLs from the website we would like to scrape.
We will use some simple regex and XPath rules for this, and then we will jump into writing scripts to collect data from the website. We will also play with data, draw some plots, and create some charts.
We will collect a dataset from a blog, which is about big data (www.devveri.com). This website provides useful information about big data and data science domains. It is totally free of charge. People can visit this website and find use cases, exercises, and discussions regarding big data technologies.
Let's start collecting information to find out how many articles there are in each category. You can find this information on the main page of the blog, using the following URL: http://devveri.com/ .
As you see on the left-hand side, there are articles that were published recently. On the right-hand side, you can see categories and article counts of each categories:
To collect the information about how many articles we have for each category, we will use the landing page URL of the website. We will be interested in the right-hand side of the web page shown in the following image:
The following code could be used to load the library and store the URL to the variable:
library(rvest)urls <- "http://devveri.com/"
If we print the URLs variable, it will look like the following image on the R Studio:
Now let's talk about the comment counts of the articles. Because this web page is about sharing useful information about recent technologies regarding current development in the big data and data science domains, readers can easily ask questions to the author or discuss about the article with other readers just by commenting.
Also, it's easy to see comment counts for each article on the category page. You can see one of the articles that was already commented on by readers in the following screenshot. As you can see, this article was commented on three times:
In the following section, we will also write XPath rules to collect this information; then will write an R script and, finally, we will play with the data to create some charts and plots.
In this part, we are going to create our XPath rules to parse the HTML document we will collect:
Let's write XPath rules to get the categories. We are looking for the information about how many articles there are for each category and the name of the categories:
If you type the XPath rule to the console on the Developer Tools, you will get the following elements. As you can see, we have eighteen text elements, because there are eighteen categories shown on the left-hand side of the page:
Let's open a text element and see how it looks. In the next part, we will experience how we can extract this information with R. As you can see from the wholeText section, we only have category names:
Still, we will need to collect article counts for each category:
As you can see, we have 18 text elements, because there are eighteen categories shown on the left-hand side of the page.
Now it's time to start collecting URLs for articles, since in this stage, we are going to collect the comment counts for articles that were written recently. For this issue, it would be good to have the article name and the date of the articles. If we write the name of the first article, we will get the element regarding the name of the article, as shown in the following screenshot:
Let's start to write our first scraping script using R. In the previous sections, we have already created XPath rules and URLs that we are interested in. We will start by collecting category counts and information about how many articles there are for each article:
#creating NULL variablescategory<- NULLcount <- NULL
#links for pageurls <- "http://devveri.com/"
Now for the most exciting part: Collecting data!
The following script first visits the URL of the web page, collecting HTML nodes using the read_html function. To parse HTML nodes, we are using XPath rules that we have already created in the previous section. For this issue, we are using the html_nodes function, and we are defining our XPath rules, which we already have inside the function:
library(rvest)#creating NULL variablescategory<- NULLcount <- NULL#links for pageurls <- "http://devveri.com/"#reading main urlh <- read_html(urls)#getting categoriesc<- html_nodes(h, xpath = '/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/ul/li/a/text()')#getting countscc<- html_nodes(h, xpath = '/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div[1]/ul/li/text()')#saving results, converting XMLs to charactercategory<- as.matrix(as.character(c))count<- as.matrix(as.character(cc))
> data.frame(category,count)category count1 Big Data (11)\n2 Cloud (3)\n3 docker (1)\n4 Doğal Dil İşleme (2)\n5 ElasticSearch (4)\n6 Graph (1)\n7 Haberler (7)\n8 Hadoop (24)\n9 HBase (1)\n10 Kitap (1)\n11 Lucene / Solr (3)\n12 Nosql (12)\n13 Ölçeklenebilirlik (2)\n14 Polyglot (1)\n15 Sunum (1)\n16 Veri Bilimi (2)\n17 Veri Madenciliği (4)\n18 Yapay Öğrenme (3)\n
#creating NULL variablesname <- NULLdate <- NULLcomment_count <- NULL
The following script first of all visits the URL of the web page, collecting HTML nodes using the read_html function. To parse HTML nodes, we are using XPath rules that we have already created in the previous section. For this issue, we are using the html_nodes function, and we are defining our XPath rules, which we already have inside the function:
#creating NULL variablesname <- NULLdate <- NULLcomment_count <- NULL#links for pageurls <- "http://devveri.com/"#reading main urlh <- read_html(urls)#getting namesn<- html_nodes(h, xpath = '/html/body/div[3]/div/div[1]/div/h2/a/text()')#getting datesd<- html_nodes(h, xpath = '/html/body/div[3]/div/div[1]/div/p[1]/span[1]/text()')#getting comment countscomc<- html_nodes(h, xpath = '/html/body/div[3]/div/div[1]/div/p[1]/span[4]/a/text()')#saving resultsname<- as.matrix(as.character(n))date<- as.matrix(as.character(d))comment_count<- as.matrix(as.character(comc))
We managed to collect the name, comment counts, and the date of the articles:
> data.frame(name,date,comment_count)name date comment_count1 Amazon EMR ile Spark 18 Ocak 2018 02 Amazon EMR 13 Ocak 2018 03 AWS ile Big Data 11 Ocak 2018 04 Apache Hadoop 3.0 10 Ocak 2018 05 Big Data Teknolojilerine Hızlı Giriş 19 Haziran 2017 16 Günlük Hayatta Yapay Zekâ Teknikleri – Yazı Dizisi (1) 29 Mart2016 07 Hive Veritabanları Arası Tablo Taşıma 18 Şubat 2016 08 Basit Lineer Regresyon 11 Şubat 2016 29 Apache Sentry ile Yetkilendirme 10 Ocak 2016 010 Hive İç İçe Sorgu Kullanımı 09 Aralık 2015 211 Kmeans ve Kmedoids Kümeleme 07 Aralık 2015 012 Veri analizinde yeni alışkanlıklar 25 Kasım 2015 013 Daha İyi Bir Veri Bilimcisi Olmanız İçin 5 İnanılmaz Yol 02Kasım 2015 114 R ile Korelasyon, Regresyon ve Zaman Serisi Analizleri 12 Ekim2015 315 Data Driven Kavramı ve II. Faz 28 Eylül 2015 0
We have two different datasets. We've already collected categories and article counts for each category, and we have already collected the name, date, and comment counts of the articles that were written recently.
> count[,1][1,] " (11)\n"[2,] " (3)\n"[3,] " (1)\n"[4,] " (2)\n"[5,] " (4)\n"[6,] " (1)\n"[7,] " (7)\n"[8,] " (24)\n"[9,] " (1)\n"[10,] " (1)\n"[11,] " (3)\n"[12,] " (12)\n"[13,] " (2)\n"[14,] " (1)\n"[15,] " (1)\n"[16,] " (2)\n"[17,] " (4)\n"[18,] " (3)\n"
count <- str_replace_all(count,"\\(","")count <- str_replace_all(count,"\\)","")count <- str_replace_all(count,"\n","")
> data.frame(category,count)category count1 Big Data 112 Cloud 33 docker 14 Doğal Dil İşleme 25 ElasticSearch 46 Graph 17 Haberler 78 Hadoop 249 HBase 110 Kitap 111 Lucene / Solr 312 Nosql 1213 Ölçeklenebilirlik 214 Polyglot 115 Sunum 116 Veri Bilimi 217 Veri Madenciliği 418 Yapay Öğrenme 3
categories <- data.frame(category,count)categories$count<-as.numeric(categories$count)
Now we are ready to create some charts:
plot_ly(categories, x = ~category, y = ~count, type = 'bar')
The following command will help us to create a bar chart to show article counts for each category:
> data.frame(name,date,comment_count)name date comment_count1 Amazon EMR ile Spark 18 Ocak 2018 02 Amazon EMR 13 Ocak 2018 03 AWS ile Big Data 11 Ocak 2018 0...
We are ready to create our final data frame. But, don't forget, comment counts are still in the string format:
comments<- data.frame(name,date,comment_count)comments$comment_count<- as.numeric(comments$comment_count)
Now we're ready to go! Calcuate the comment counts per date:
avg_comment_counts <- aggregate(comment_count~date, data =comments, FUN= "mean")
plot(avg_comment_counts,type = "l")
The following line chart shows us the average comment counts based on dates:
Now, let's investigate more about the dataset. Seeing the summary statistics of the comment counts would be really good. In this part, we are going to calculate the minimum, maximum, mean, and median value of the comment counts and then create bar chart that shows those summary statistics.
By using the following commands, we can calculate those summary statistics:
min_comment_count<- min(comments$comment_count)max_comment_count<- max(comments$comment_count)avg_comment_count<- mean(comments$comment_count)median_comment_count<- median(comments$comment_count)
Let's create a dataframe that contains the metrics calculated:
summary<- data.frame(min_comment_count, max_comment_count,avg_comment_count, median_comment_count)
Now that we have the summary statistics, we can create a bar chart using those values by using the following commands. Because on our plot there will be more than one different category, we are going to use the add_trace function:
plot_ly(x = "min", y = summary$min_comment_count, type = 'bar',name='min') %>%add_trace(x = "max", y = summary$max_comment_count, type = 'bar',name='max')%>%add_trace(x = "avg", y = summary$avg_comment_count, type = 'bar',name='average')%>%add_trace(x = "median", y = summary$median_comment_count, type = 'bar',name='median')
As you can see, this bar chart is a summary of the statistics of the daily average of the ratings:
That's it! If you enjoyed reading this article and want to learn more about web scraping with R, you can explore R Web Scraping Quick Start Guide. Written by Olgun Aydin, a PhD candidate at the Department of Statistics at Mimar Sinan University, R Web Scraping Quick Start Guide is for R programmers who want to get started quickly with web scraping, as well as data analysts who want to learn scraping using R.
In this article, you'll see how you can exploit the DOM. DOM traversal entails getting to the desired element with the help of either XPaths or CSS. It is possible to traverse the DOM in a forward and backward direction with XPaths but traversal through XPaths is slow compared to CSS. Traversal using CSS can only be done in the forward direction. In order to traverse the DOM, using either XPaths or CSS, we need to understand the By class.
The By class is an abstract class that has eight static methods and eight inner classes. Let's understand the structure of the By class.
The following code skeleton shows a fragment of the structure of the By class:
public abstract class By {public static By id(String id);public static By cssSelector(String css);public static By name(String name);
Learn how to write and run tests using pytest in this tutorial by Bruno Oliveira, the author of pytest Quick Start Guide.
Using pytest, all you need to do to start writing tests is to create a new file named test_*.py and write test functions that start with test:
# contents of test_player_mechanics.pydef test_player_hit():player = create_player()assert player.health == 100undead = create_undead()undead.hit(player)assert player.health == 80
To execute this test, simply execute pytest, passing the name of the file:
λ pytest test_player_mechanics.py
If you don't pass anything, pytest will look for all...


text:
7 Eleven Convenience Store Franchises Announces: ROAD TRIP!
Young Drivers Take To the Road in Three-Week Rally With 7-Eleven® as Only Pit Stop
May 10, 2010 // Franchising.com // DALLAS – One destination, two cars, three weeks, four people, five webisodes a week, more than 6,000 miles and countless 7-Eleven® stores. America, start your engines for the first-ever 7-Eleven Road Trip Rally, a three-week, cross-country road trip culminating at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway May 28. Along the way, all pit stops for fuel, food, beverages and other necessities will be made exclusively at 7-Eleven stores.
The Road Trip Rally officially begins May 10 after the green flag drops in two cities on opposite coasts – San Francisco and Miami. Each two-person driving team will take to the open road from their respective starting points and head toward Indianapolis stopping along their respective routes for competitions and challenges. Driving hybrid cars wrapped to look like race cars, the teams should be easily recognizable by fellow motorists. One red and one green, the autos will sport graphics similar to those on the car of popular 7-Eleven-sponsored Indy Racing League (IRL) driver Tony Kanaan.
"This is 7-Eleven's eighth year as Tony's primary sponsor, our second year with Danica Patrick, IZOD IndyCar Series driver, and we've had a great run with the IRL," said Rita Bargerhuff, 7-Eleven chief marketing officer. "Racing fans are true 7-Eleven fans. In fact, studies show that more than 4.6 million IZOD IndyCar Series fans shopped at 7-Eleven stores in the past seven days. A road rally seemed like the perfect vehicle to promote our IRL association, and all the ways 7-Eleven stores meet the needs of life-in-the-fast-lane consumers."
7-Eleven has partnered with next-generation television network blip.TV to produce a web-based reality series following the two Road Trip teams. Once the race starts, new webisodes can be seen weekdays at www.711RoadTrip.com, and blip.tv also will syndicate the series and push unique embedded program ads to sites like YouTube, MSN, AOL, iTunes, Facebook and Hulu linking viewers to the webisodes. New episodes will be promoted on the websites of 7-Eleven and partners like Dr Pepper, Planter's, Nabisco, Oscar Mayer and Nestlé Pure Life.
Happy Little Guillotine Films of San Francisco (www.hlgfilms.com) will create two- to three-minute vignettes highlighting each day's activities, challenges and competitions, which will be uploaded once a weekday for viewing. The Red and Green teams also can be followed on Twitter and Facebook. All Tweets will be Geo-tagged so the teams' actual progress can be followed. The host and drivers can be followed: FollowDrew, 711GreenTeam and 711RedTeam.
Starting in San Francisco, the Red Team will make stops in Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Salt Lake City, Denver, Dallas, Kansas City and St. Louis before meeting up with the Green Team in Chicago for the "final lap" to Indianapolis. Prior to joining the Red Team in Chicago, the Green Team will head out from Miami to Daytona, Richmond, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City, Boston, Buffalo and Detroit.
"We posed the question, 'Could you travel from coast to coast, stopping at only 7-Eleven stores for every need, from fuel to fresh food, snacks to Slurpee drinks?'," said Sterling Hayman of FreshWorks, 7-Eleven's consortium of advertising and marketing agencies, who originated the idea. "The answer, of course, is an unequivocal "yes," and we're going to show that over the next three weeks and have a lot of fun doing so. This is 7-Eleven's mash up of 'The Amazing Race' meets 'Gum Ball Rally.'"
Drivers for the Red Team are Mike McClendon, 28, of Austin, Texas, and Natalia Fedner, 27, originally from the Ukraine and raised in Columbus, Ohio. Green Team drivers are Georgia Elizabeth Van Cuylenburg, 23, of Melbourne, Australia, and Josh Silberman, 29, of Milwaukee. Drivers auditioned for the opportunity to participate and did not know each other before their selection for the Rally. Drew Lanning of San Francisco will host the webisode series.
Along the way, the teams will earn points by competing in a variety of fun and friendly challenges requiring athleticism, talent, problem-solving and creative solutions. While winners can be easily ascertained in contests like races and relays, other competitions will be judged by online viewers.
Not coincidentally, their arrival is just in time for the America's quintessential auto race, the 2010 Indianapolis 500, in which 7-Eleven-sponsored drivers Kanaan and Patrick will be competing.
After three weeks on the road, the two teams will enter the historic Brickyard finish-line style through a tunnel that goes underneath the track. Both Kanaan and Patrick will be waiting at The Brickyard to award prizes to the teams on the official presentation podium set up for Indy 500 race weekend.
Speaking of the three-week webisode series, Bargerhuff said, ""We have never done anything like this before, promoting a campaign using three weeks of webisodes. Nor are we aware of other retailers who have done something similar to promote their brand. Today's millennial consumers communicate in a lot of different ways, with the internet being a primary source of information and keeping in touch. To develop the next generation of customers, we need to reach them where they are and position 7-Eleven as fun, relevant and innovative."
While not replicating the 7-Eleven Road Trip Rally in its in-store displays, the same products featured in the Road Trip Rally are available at 7-Eleven stores, which also sport a race theme during May. Patrick is depicted with 7-Eleven's iced coffee at a special price, and Kanaan's likeness appears on snacks and beverages signs in store.
About 7 Eleven, Inc.
7 Eleven, Inc. is the premier name and largest chain in the convenience retailing industry. Based in Dallas, Texas, 7-Eleven operates, franchises or licenses close to 8,200 7-Eleven® stores in North America. Globally, 7-Eleven operates, franchises or licenses more than 38,000 stores in 16 countries. During 2009, 7-Eleven stores worldwide generated total sales of more than $58.9 billion. 7-Eleven has been honored by a number of companies and organizations recently. Accolades include: #3 spot on Entrepreneur magazine's Franchise 500 list for 2009, #3 in Forbes magazine's Top 20 Franchises to Start, #3 among Top 100 Global Franchises by Franchise Direct, #3 in Store Growth by Convenience Store News, #2 in Franchise Times Top 200 Franchise Companies and #29 among Top 100 Chains in Food Service. In addition, Hispanic Magazine named 7-Eleven in its Hispanic Corporate Top 100 Companies that provide the most opportunities to Hispanics. 7-Eleven recently was selected by three diversity publications as a company offering the best career and franchisee opportunities. 7-Eleven is franchising its stores in the U.S., and is expanding through organic growth, acquisitions and its Business Conversion Program. In addition, the company received the 2009 Shopper-Centric Marketing Innovation from Symphony IRI and the 2010 Retailer of the Year award from PL Buyer because of the company's private-label brand program.
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text:
When Rep. Bryan Spencer was in college, he was asked to come up with a "motto" to live by, and he decided that would be: "Invest in people."
Years later, as the term-limited Republican mulled what was next after his tenure in the state House, Spencer went back to that motto — and so he decided to run for Senate in the 10th district. He officially announced this week his candidacy to take over Republican Sen. Jeanie Riddle's seat in 2022.
"I asked myself, 'Do I make a difference [in the legislature],' and I started making a list of all the things I accomplished legislatively and in the community," Spencer told The Missouri Times. "I decided I had made the biggest difference as a state representative, and I wanted to continue in the state Senate."
A former teacher, Spencer has represented HD 63 since 2013. He's focused on education — he believes parents should be the ultimate decision-makers in where children attend school — and farmers. He's an advocate for the homeless, Spencer said, and wants to promote policies that will get people "back on track to being successful, contributing citizens."
When pointing to his accomplishments, Spencer said it's his work on a bill expanding access to online courses for students to ensure college readiness that he is proudest of from his time in state government. The Senate version of the bill, championed by Sen. Bob Onder, was signed by the governor in 2018.
But Spencer would rather focus on what he's done in the community — raising funds for a Wright City police dog and hosting events bringing law enforcement and residents together — and for his constituents.
Spencer said he got to know one man who was convicted of second-degree murder when he was 14 years old. The man served all 10 years in prison and become a "model citizen" and grandfather. But the man's own son fell on hard times after his wife was diagnosed with blood cancer. Eventually, the house fell into disarray, and the family could no longer take care of their baby.
Normally, Spencer said, social service workers would place the baby with other family members. But that prior conviction stood in the way of these grandparents caring for their family member.
"I had to fight for this gentleman to get their baby back. It took a year and a half, but we did it. My question was, when is your payment to society over," Spencer said. "He's still paying for it even though he's been a good, model citizen for over 50 years."
Following Spencer's announcement, Republican Sen. Bill Eigel took to social media to show his support.
"Bryan has been a great public servant for his area in the House — looking forward to his continued service in the State Senate, District 10!" Eigel tweeted.
Bryan has been a great public servant for his area in the House—looking forward to his continued service in the State Senate, District 10! #moleg https://t.co/FJIDVRNcAK
— William Eigel (@BillEigel) June 12, 2019
In the Senate, Eigel is a member of the Conservative Caucus, a group of six lawmakers focused on regulatory, tort, and healthcare reform, as well as anti-abortion policies and gun rights. But joining the Conservative Caucus if he's elected isn't necessarily on Spencer's to-do list yet.
"I don't have a group that I belong to. I'm not part of the Conservative Caucus in the House. I'm not part of anyone," Spencer said. "I'm an independent thinker. I try to represent the voice of the people."
"When people ask me what my agenda is, I don't have an agenda as far as me personally," he continued. "If you look at the bills I've carried in the past, I've put all kinds of things on the table — whether it's something I agree with or don't agree with. I always try to be an advocate of the people."
Spencer's strategy is being as open and accessible to constituents as possible, he said — even to those who might disagree with him. But he has a solution for that.
"There have been times when groups of people have been upset with me about a vote, and I'll go sit in their garage or meet at a restaurant, and we have a nice conversation so we understand each other," Spencer said.
It's just another way, he said, to invest in people.
Kaitlyn Schallhorn is the editor of The Missouri Times. She joined the newspaper in early 2019 after working as a reporter for Fox News in New York City.
Throughout her career, Kaitlyn has covered political campaigns across the U.S., including the 2016 presidential election, and humanitarian aid efforts in Africa and the Middle East.
She is a native of Missouri who studied journalism at Winthrop University in South Carolina. She is also an alumna of the National Journalism Center in Washington, D.C.
Contact Kaitlyn at email@example.com.


text:
Barcelona-Puente Genil 39-23
Barcelona doesn`t have a rival on their level in the Asobal league. They use every match to prepare better for the next taugh matches in the EHF Champions League. And this time the "Catalans" gave some handball lessons and defeat the team of Puente Genil with 39-23.
The best players in the team of Barcelona were Nikola Karabatic(7 goals) and Kiril Lazarov(6 goals).
BM Huesca-Granollers 24-25
Spectacular start of the season for Granollers.They won 2 important points in a taugh game against Huesca and now they are on the top of the Spanish handball league with 5 wins from 5 played matches.
Granollers were dominating in the inicial 16 minutes of the match and in the 7th minite had the first lead of 3 goals(3-6) thanks to the great play of Alejandro Ruiz and Rodrigo Salinas.Besides that in the 16th minute Huesca managed to tie the match (8-8),and go to the halftime with a lead of one goal(13-12).In the second half Granollers tied the result(16-16),and with the two magnificent goals of Fernando Sole,manage to take the lead with (16-18).Besides the good game of the guests the team of Huesca in the 19th minute tied the result(21-21).In the last minute of the match there was a big intensity,the game was equal,until the last moments of the game when Granollers menage to secure the 5th win in the 5th match.
Top scorers in the team of Granollers were: A.Ruiz 5(3p),R.Salinas 5(1p).
Tuesday(21pm) starts the derby match between Barcelona and Granollers that will decide the top position in the league.
Results of the 5th round in Asobal:
Villa de Aranda-Ademar Leon 28-30
Encantada-BM Guadalajara 27-27
Barcelona-Puente Genil 39-23
Huesca-Granollers 24-25
Puerto Sagunto-Helvetia Anaitasuna 28-25
Gijon- Bidasoa Irun 31-23
Cuatro Rayas Valladolid- Frigoríficos Morrazo 29-29
Naturhouse La Rioja-BM. Aragón 29-29