text:
Christianity is the triumphant religion, Judaism is allowed/tolerated, but paganism is eradicated. Complicated: the way of presenting Xtian art under the 2nd commandment. Jewish controlled imagery, but Xtian debate of what imagery is allowed. Is it futile/dangerous to try to create image of god? Church is triumphant, imagery used to teach. Xtianity promotes the story and underlying stories of Jesus, to ground abstraction and convert others.
Junius Bassus was Prefect/mayor in Rome. sarcophagus to lay out body.
Columns give architectural setting, of Greek post and lintel with Roman influence, to separate scenes. Classicizing forms rational space instead of hieratic. synthesizing narrative to one scene. Stories: Sacrifice of Isaac, Adam and Eve, Daniel into Lions etc, Drawn from Old Testament. From the New Testament, Christ and Pilot, where Pilot must find fault. Removes state from situation, Anti-semitic. Jesus entering jerusalem, knows he will die. Jesus' pPassion.
Jesus to temple in Jerusalem at age 12, found teaching elders, Mary Understand's he is more than a child. stories arranged systematically
Apostles: Peter and Paul. Sacrificial victims martyred for faith. Sacrifice of Isaac stopped by God. Old Test Carifice for Faith. New Test on other side. Book of Job. Rich man, devil takes everything from him, Job won't blaspheme, God restores everything. Divine Justice (opposite Pilot) impossible to understand.
Hieratic: jesus is bigger/higher. Put against adam and eve, over position of tree. Above Daniel and Lion. Pilot is justice perverted. The sin of A + E is why Jesus sacrifice must happen.
XXXs used to connect stories.
Outside of Byzantine world, newly ruled by Germanic people. Martyrian church, local commission. Standard design. Unhappy mix of forms bc of a taeover during the building by Byzantine. Apse forced in. Justinian conquered area, provided access to fall of Roman empire, needed window onto now Germanic world.
Apse forced through, becomes dom feature. Marble with purple veins, imperial Byz quarries, presence suggests Justinian's influence.
North Wall
Mosaics all over. moving hierarchical way. stories at bottom, then references (moses recieving 10 Cs), authors of gospels/animal symbols. figures engage logically at bottom but upward more flat in space, closer to divine. Separate from earth/divine.
program: Stories, specific choice and particular representation. figures at top removed from sin/despair into world of hope/divine. lowest scenes from Abraham: sarah barren, Abraham old, 3 messengers tell he wil lconcieve, Sarah doesnt' believe. 3 angels at table, 3 loaves of bread in center. bread part of larger issue of the Trinity. Also, the sacrifice of isaac, clear artist hasn't seen this. table matches other lunette of Cain and Abel, but story is about offering/acceptance here.
In center, hand of god reaches down, accepting. all for mass, eucharist feast to obtain grace.
Apse: Moses and jeremiah spoke Gods words but superceded by New Test. Ceiling image of lamb
lamb that god has offered. no sense of place. order appears out of chaos, centered by lamb of god- prayer at mass. 'who takes away the sins of the world, have mercy on us.'
God's son, blood shed. Raises question of who is jesus, more divine or more human. died as man or god?Christological debates. Orthodox says balance between the two, also splits to either side. Jesus is equally god and human. otherwise heresy and death. When Justinian builds church, Egypt differs in opinion, but too big to destroy. San Vitale is Orthodox. highest position is the lamb of god.
Conch Dome/Christ in Magesty:
Hands crown of martyrdom to saints, enthroned as lord and master. hieratic, no time/sace. noon saw this happen. seated on orb of universe, in purple robe.
Below, 2 paired images on north and south walls. Justinian and wife theodora, both in purple, majesty and joined with christ.
beyond normal time, but evidence of human space. clergy, bishop, military forces in balance. Justinian has full authority. not a priest, but sits at mass. Holds bread the body of christ, thodora holds wine. theodora with ladies in waiting.
Ritual and presentation. Old T with New T, imperial portaiture. Church is vehicle for Byz world to show. Germanics have heretical view, church is symbol of orthodoxy.
Justinian was ruler at this time. Noroyal blood, not apropriate, but charismatic, skilled leader. Dissatisfaction, engages in elaborat expensive reconquering of N. Africa and So Spain, parts of Cicily and Italy. Reconstituted Roman empire. Also building. subjects in Constantinople riot, Burn the Hagia Sofia, one of oldest and most revered monuments. Justinian puts down rebellion, kills 30,000 ppl, decides to rebuild on grand scale. Dominates Istanbul today. Dome, half domes, cascade down. Largest church attempted to that date. Assigned to mathemetician and engineer. Need rapidly, all resources gathered.
Features are familiar. Atrium space, though everyone is Xtian. Still technically palace chapel. Rectangular shape, nave dominated by dome. Centralized plan b/c of dome (vert feature) Grafted onto longitudinal plan of basilica. Little/no concrete, brick and stone. built large elements to describe sphere. Massive unit of sphere held up by piers. half domes to offset pressure/stresses. sophisticated cascading series of arches. not responding to Pantheon, no single model used. Greatest interior space yet witnessed. Arches take dome stress, offset to piers, redirected from there. Piers hidden. Assume more decoraions than now exist. (Iconoclastic plastic revolt, all xtian art systematically wiped out)
Architecture itself used ideals, the idea of perfect shape. Circle is perfect form in greek philosophy, plato. Perfect geometric shapes, balanced like circle square, equilateral triangle. In HS circle inscribed within square of piers. Reference perfection of God. Writer: Dionysis. Written on percieving divinity without images, but through light. feel and respond to it, but cannot capture or hold. Light suggests divine presence. Arched windows, descriped as dome floats on light, as if held up by light itself.
Justinian is the head of state and church, but not a priest or cleric. Rides from gates to church, wrapped in purple. Walks through church and everyone abandons center. Moves to end, opposite altar, mass begins. Only person who sits. Everyone else kneels or stands. Men and women separated. Dome not pitched high enough, collapsed, repitched later, has stood through earthquakes.
submission of being to God. Born when Mohammed received visions and became new prophet to Allah. Same god known by Xtians, but must preach new faith. Muslims are followers of Islam.
Jesus spoke Aramaic, but NT written in Greek. All writen bibles are approximation. Abraham 1800 BCE, no Hebrew available. Old T not exact words of god, transcripted. But Mohammed was spoken to in Arabic, with no intermediary. Poetic language. Must speak arabic to have faith. The highest form of Art is calligraphy, the word of God.
5 pillars of Islam
profession of faith, alms, cleanse with fast of Ramadan, make pilgrimage to Mecca, pray 3-5x a day.
Mohammed knew same god, but was most recent prohet ppl of the book, no forced conversion fro xtians and jews.
Arab population of Arabian peninsula converted to Islam. Nomadic traders with a few cities. Why did Islam spread? Arab armies turn to Egypt. Egypt unhappy with orthodoxy, easily taken, happens a lot. Heretics face persecution to Byz, so Islam is attractive. Spain to China by 755 ce. Most rapid spread of nany empire. Largely remained Muslim.
1st monument. Holy. Mohammed's night ride. Gabriel says time to meet Allah. Take M from Jerusalem, a rock on Temple. Mount Site of Roman's destroyed synagogue. Jerusalem non-Jewish since then, Jews allowed in 1x a year to morn destruction of Temple. Temple Mount, start of night ride. Dome of Rock encases the rock. also sight where Abraham went to sacrifice Isaac.
Sacred place to this day, much contested. Arab world is nomadic, no istory of architecture. Space to pray not required. Turn to Martyrian church design, likely a Xtian architect. Shows islam borrying from Xtianity and Judaism. No images, geometric patterns and calligraphy. building. Not to bring community together, but to mark a spot. Islam. No tradition of marking topography or martyrdom. Church is convenience, not necessity. Judaism has tradition of indoor space, but islam can occur anywhere. Must separate self from mndane/profane world. Must be able to cleanse yourself. Can wash ritually with sand, all parts that can be polluted by world. take shoes off before entering mosque.
No need for cleric. Teach/lecture/help, but not needed to intervene. no need for building. islamc world takes over within 100 years. Territories well settled, suddenly under part of arab empire. Urban world, many convert to islam. Tax to continue xtian/jew, not allowed to convert but pagans must convert. AOpen to men and women, open to anyone who follows pillars. Easy to follow. Submit to will of God. No convusing bits about Trinity. Islamic world: must know arabic. Edge of china to Spain. Bound by language, good for trade. Rules to engage others of faith. Mosque: commmunal/congregational.
Xtian community abandons church, whch is razed to build mosqu. That church was built over a roman temple. Prayer hall- hipostyle has many columns. courtyard with fountains for ablutions/cleaning. rayer hall is an equal space for all. stand/bow/kneeel, need space. Special because has tower/niaret to call to prayer. Friday is the most sacred.
Mihrab: doesnt need to be in center, just needs to show direction to pray to mecca. all equal before god, no privelige to be closer, treated the same at death.
Islam supports commerse, doing right with miney. (Xtianity has a problem iwth money, b/c poverty is nearness to god, jesus was poor) Mist invest as appropriate in the community. secular arts are fine. floral motives with human heads, animale images with vegetation all merely decorative.
One minaret. trained chanter to make call to prayer. arcade from roman tradition. post and lintel, bilat symmetry. mosque operates at all time, can visit, socialize, read Qu'ran, etc, btwn time of prayer. charitable, with soup kitchens, shelter, etc.
luxury arts to decorate homes. figure on horseback. not in sacred setting, with vegetal/animal ornamentation. Visual interest, not iconographic statements. possession/ownership meant status, but objects themselves not important. refers to lifestyle. abundance of craftsmen to make objects.
see other for notes
palaces, allowed to live well. room for imagery. fountain surrounded with lions (byz influence?)poetic not religious calligraphy. garden, originally planted. Visual/olfactory gardening. Arabic poetry about gardens and senses. Water from fountain goes to smaller fountains, participation with indoor/outdoor
Roman's never East of Rhine, not into forests, not much value. By the time of Hadrian, Rome expanded too far. Pressure from Germanic peopes. disruption in Central Asia. Long stretch of stepland/grassland. Enormous, easily move back and forth. nomadic people. Problem on edges, when nomads enter settled area. Germanics with nowhere to go, push against Rome to break through, and take over. Overwhelm in arms and numbers. Don't eradicate romans/Xtians, no emporer. 1476 last emporer overthrown Germanic: tradition of portable art.
Barbarian period, Germanic people bringing portable art to West. Conquered Roman empire. Strong Roman influences (spain, italy, france) Norway Sweden Denmark: no residual Roman presence, was never roman. native populations not known. culture of Norsemen/Vikings
plunderers of Europe. Eventually, the kingdom of Norway. Late to be Xtianized, not until 10th century, but fully developed Germanic sensibilities, ships are the major achievement.
6th century CE. NOT EXACT IMAGE, SIMILAR!
holds cloak together, large jewelry. standard for both genders. Status symbol for Germanics. bilat symm, inlays of gold and garnet. Units set into silver. Intrinsically valuable, shimmers and striking. Nomadic sheiftain, success leading troops, getting plunder, leads to manufactured wealth.
Best collections found from ship burials.
Imported african elephant ivory. gold wire. cloisonne work. Can insert garnet, glass, etc. reflective, luminosity. skilled artisan, shows wealth of owner. Importance of line. No mimetic representations of animals. Interplay of line for visual stimulation. has long term visual influence.
Cut stone is a roman technique. Germanic architecture=visigothic. Based on standard basilica form. Inside: stone column holds up arcade, apse at end. Roman sensibility, Local forms of Christianity unique in visigothic teritory. 3 apses. 2ndary two have purpose in visigothic mass. Roman papacy expands: Regional variation suppressed. theological: who is Christ? Trinity? What relationship with humans.
Named for Charlemagne, so more French than German
1st built by Charlemagne= palace chapel. Built on Roman villa ruiins. Like Justinian needed, Char never went to Constantinople but knows of/in touch with Arab world. Gets elephant and giraffe as gifts. Sees Rome and Ravenna. Aachen modeled on San Vitale. Axial movement has priority over vertical. San Vitale represented Christian Rome. Major difference is that Charlemagne is present at church. Bilateral symmetry, emphasis on altar.
Mistake of letting Pope put crown on head and declared emporer. Puts religion above Charlemagne, accepts by placing throne above altar in church, separate from clergy. longterm ramifications. who has power? pope vs ruler. Ruler is strong, appoints popes, but vice versa too. No ruler in west with church and state. until Henry the 8th. High arcade with 2nd arch below, Roman heritage. 2 color arches are decorativ feature, preceded by great mosque in Cordoba. Not iconographic, but implies interaction.
9th century ce.
Time of diverse Germanic kingdoms. Northern Europ ruled by independent kingdoms. Frankish slowly taking over area of modern France, by Charles the Great/Charlemagne. Late 8th century to early 9th. Expands into Germany, Italy, and some of Spain. Reunified Europe since Roman collapse. Charlemagne has Germanic heritage. Becomes emporer, is recognized as Roman model of order.
Bronze statue, needs setting of peace and prosperity, as well as technical skill. Charlemagne brought this prosperity. Equestrian image is very old, Alexander the Great was 1st ruler on horse, it's a well established image. Not hieratic, but elevates the rider. Mainging control of horse suggests power of rider, translates as control of wild force, maintains authority and sole control. Unsure if planned from roman statue. Holds orb in hand, the same orb christ sits on at San Vitale, Orb of power, of universe. Emire had little residual Roman presence. After 3rd century CE, limited new Roman architecture.
River ships, coastal ships, and trade ships existed. this is an Ocean ship, for the North Atlantic. Very capable. Plank and skeleton. Planks caulked, not attached. can get close to coast to plunder. Scourge to sedentary Euroe. Skilled woodworking.
dragon origin. linear, interlaced pattern. Animal to cause fear, offensive. Patterning sets off different parts, shows ferocity.
Animal interlace. eye to changing nature of lines. translated from jeweler's arts. will be influenced by Roman forms in Christian art.
Germanic invasions- cities in west have declined, by roman fall there are none of importance left. the invasions exacerbate decline. Roman West is sad compared to East. Germans convert to heretic, aryan christianity, 7th century.
Not an Xtian invention, but became very important. Took shape in Egypt. Secular temptation, faith asks of self-denial to be close to God. Egypt moving to desert, monks in caves. On their own, come together only for mass. Concept of poverty, separting from the world. Germanics were Christian but heretics. Relationship with Romans was bad, low on ierarchy. In North, specifically British isles. Ireland never taken by Romans or Germanics. Celts, pagain history, St Patrics' missionizing. Non-urban tradition of clan centers.
Monks/Monasteries become a feature of landscape. Bleak/difficult locations. Rule of Gregory: rhythm of prayer and work, meals. Church, humble living spaces. Irish fall in love with sacred text, especially the four gospels. Cannot preach without text. Translated into latin, learned by Celtic monks.
Coast of British Isles. Monks copying text in Latin, copying in codex (book). Scrolls were traditional in West. Papyrus in Egypt. but codex replaced scrolls, even in Arab world. only 2 pages, s cannot see what comes net. Demands complete attention and directs. Invited consideration of single units. new field for image making.
Illumination: painted page/manuscrpt. Matthew's image is man. INdicated gospel of Matthews. This book important because made on calfskin. Must kill calf, many calves for entire book. Mean is rare, killing a calf is taking away potential to feed many. Unclear what happened to the meat. Immediately valueable. Lots of work to turn the calf into pages. Ink from oak-gall, caused by wasps. the ink dyed with veg. sources. Spend time in forest to get ink. Major process before getting to text.
Before text, pages. Fram of interlacing, Germanic. People attracted to monasteries, sensibilities matched with celtic. colors emulate jeweler's work. Imitates insets, cgold, garnet, etc. Not about human form, but suggestion. head and feet = man.
Scriptorium, where scripts created. monasteries in bleak isolation. Iona is a flat island, not beautiful. Low horizon, not much to see, little growth b/c of wind. Little visual interest leads to art!
interplay of back/foreground, visually stunning/stimulating. abstract reference. repeated interlace from jeweler's art. No place for accident. Visually, cross no more importance, same level of conrol and attention. Germanic sensibility. New: spiral emerging, celtic item, motif.
8th Century ce.
Opening greek work christos, rest of text in Latin. Spiral starts small, opens, comes back. Lines extending and narrowing, a celtic sensibility energizing/shifting line. Not like Germanic holding line in place. Iris monks/people enslaved by vikings, rich repository of objects, gold silver, and tones. Intermingling of bloods. New interest in text, contemplation and decoration most about visual attraction, not iconographic/context. Books made to preach and teach, also diplomatic gifts. Hostile local rulers with different xtianity 'purchased' with enormous books. not for regular use. function/context beyond just the world of God.
Char. Promotes text. Latin, 4 gospels. Copying leads to mistakes. Monasteries engaged in finalizing one text. Alphabet as we know it was developed. Decorated with imagery, those taken from Classicized Roman forms to tell story.
3D, engaged, taking up space, rational space. Early Xtian images sent from East.
many same specifics as Coronation Gospels, but linear orientation/agitation. folds don't make sense. spirals at feet, border implies interlace, use of yellow. Classicizing form, but strong Germanic force. German power always present.
Charlemagne conquers pagans, faced with choice of execution or baptism. promotes church by building monasteries. Plan set a model, shorly after charlemagnes death.
Char took moasteries over (Celtic became orthodox Roman Catholic) used to settle/secure land and establish presence of catholicism. Hierarchy of buildings. Church is the biggest, stone. Form monks there is a group of buildings around cloister/garden. Prayer and personal devotion. East/West alignment. Altar to the east, where sun rises. West is the main entrance. Interface between monks and world. Church is cross shaped. Charl copied the cross shape. Towers for protection agains Norsemen raids to get gold and silver. Especially occurred near waterways. Towers to hide in while the rest destroyed.
Outside of church: germanic wood arch. outbuildings, work spaces, guest quarters, hospital, etc.
Small units with crosses on top. Monks are priests and often give mass. Space needed for monks to perform ritual. Disciplined and organized. Roman sense of order.
Germanic kingdoms with heretical form. Celtic monasteries, non-heretical. Roman, Byzantine orthodoxy. Many not celebrating Easter. Separated meany churches, date contested. Split East and West churches. Bishop of Rome becomes controller of Western Xtians, but not heretics. Irish monastaries around British Isles and in continental europ. Switz, Italy, etc. Don't do ritual/mass in the same way as Rome b/c of a Celtic rite.
Rome: popes decide only one way, decide to convert German heretics to Catholocism. Fight over who converts to what. Irish lose, become roman. Iish monasteries not harmed, but ends celtic ritual. roman catholicism only allowed.
South Cross: crusifixtion included, but only symbolic, not much care of human form. some interlacting. Ring holds u cros arms. narrative scenes of gospels. Limited information. 3 figures, center is most important. Mocked, after resurrection, wth st. Peter and Paul. Important b/c presented to people with no Jewish blood, to gentiles. No interest in reality of human form. Tell importance by composition.
New way of responding/taking up texts.
Charlemagne reunited Europe. Germanic/French. Revival of Roman forms. (Chapel, ideal monastery, illuminated manuscripts). Monks are the royal foundation, by Charlemagne. or old, re-founded by Char. Carolingian Empire collapse due to Norse/viking invasions. Over in 2 generations by 9th century. New Empire, Further to the East is called OTTONIAN. Both empires saw selves as re-embodiment of Rome. Ottonian as Holy Roman empire, 'chosen by God to re-institute Roman order. Ctrl Europ downt to italy, the rest of Europe paid attention. ~100 year presence/aura. Monasteries were imperial projects. Vehicle to reward royal family members. Abbot/abbess ma or may not be clergy, often directly related to the ruler. Political bases. German king power put pope into place.
Ottonian period was a continuation of Corolingian, reinement of changes under charlemagne. Arrival of Byzantine influence. Revival of Byz art after the iconoclasm.
Germanic art, with intrinsic value of gold and gems. Visual sense of value. speaks of glistening, light frames center image of christ. Angels around the cross, distorted with linear movement. Seem to respond. Christ is standing and alive. Not dead or even hanging. Jesus Triumphant, celebrating, only the concept of crucifixion included. An item for the elite, treasure. Books for small number of people. Maybe in passing, but never to read it or actually look at it, no resonance with people.
West end receiving attention.
Towers provide protection, but also major/officially recognized entrance. Stone churches. Roman sensibility. Can't tell what lays beyond. 3 primary doors.
They're all named Otto!
Intellectual, not structural pattern. regular order, all relation of modular system, defined by crossing. Indicates changing nature of spaces. Move up, elevation. Roman tradition of Basilicas. Can light the interior, gives lighting from above.
higher arcade unit reflects square, distinction of space and order. No symbol/iconography, but just keeps happening. Higher arcade doesnt play any role, genders no longer separated by Roman catholic church. possibly for storage or music.
developed by early Christains but likely decline during German invasions. Gallery on either side can allow antiphonal singing, but did this happen? Roofs at risk of fire.
Crucifix, as of yet not seen. Cross used, but never Christ on the cross. Few places seen before. What Xtians preach: God who died on cross. didn't fight or defend himself. Idea of worshipping without fight difficult for warrior people to understand. Death and resurrection effective in abstract, but image of it not convincing. (compare to Lindau Gospel book cover, 100 yrs earlier) wood, Jesus hagning on cross. Head is dropped, Christ is dead, not triumphant. Shift in idea/stress.
Almost life size, in church, there for you to see always. Consider 'approachability' of christ. Order in world. Life is hard and short Vioent death, diseas, and high infant mortality rat means grief and hardship. Can relate better to dead Jesus than distant golden one.
Question: At last supper, what did Jesus know? As god, went through motions, or did he feel anquish of being human?
Never lost, exists in every Catholic church. Moment of death= Jesus knows who we are. Humble, stress on suffering human form.
The artist has considered imagery of Justinian. Ravenna under Ottonian control, imagery available. Otto married to Byzantine princess. This piece saved from Iconoclastic revolt. Early Byzantine material all destroyed. Byzantine loses territory to Islamic world, Islamic opposition to imagery in religious setting.
Political statement/uprooting. (saints thrown out of Catholic church, great trauma). Charlemagne defied revolt, and imagery was maintained. AFter ~150 years, Middle Byz starts up with Imagery again. Flourescence of Byz art, Marriages between Bysantium and Ottonian.
Otto III
Clergy and Military on either side, imitates Just. Green field thrusts Otto forward. Germanic sensibility (vs Roman) jewlery sensibility, crown, edging of robe. Not interlacing, figures on late roman/early Byz. shallow space, some 3D qualities. tells that communicating complex messages with imagery is again important. (not much of this in Carolingian pd). Ottonian period rediscovers power of imagery.
Cross shape, Carolingian influence, carries through to now. pronounced crossing element. Transect, nknave. Iconographic meaning expandd apse for altar. transect establishes square. crossing. marked on exterior with a tower. space repeated. piers separate space into rhythm. Takes eye to where square occurs.
Bishop Bernward. Trip to rome, sees examples of great bronze doors. Back to Hildesheim. Wooden cores surrounded in Bronze. artist unknown. BB reconginzes demand of task. He is in clergy, high ranking and well educated. The Doors show interpretations of sacred script. Doors to front of church, first thing to confront congregation.
Narratives. Can't be cast as one piece. 3D figures cast, then added to surface. Joined panels.Mold of fired clay. Doors match each other. Series of panels, economy of information to keep understandable.
God creating Eve: center is most important. God introduces Adam to Eve. Not significant in Bible. Tree below Adam, Eve tempts. God approaches A and E, sense of composed anger. Adam points at Even, Eve at serpent. Banished from garden, architecture in real world. Intentionally selected scenes of life of christ on opposite side of door. scenes play against each other. 1st great medieval artistic program. Germanic sense of line, Roman sense of form.
Ottonian empire collapses after ~100 years. no single monarch is left. United by idea of single faith. Western Europe is roman Catholic, the spiritual unity of Christendom. Martyrs/saints die for aith, athletes of Christ. Now, individuals that ar exemplars to the rest of us. Goal to attain grace for eternal life. Make a pilgrimage to place of relics. Islamic leader closes church in Jerusalem. Xtians cannot make pilgrimate there. petty wars, famine, etc, want to reaffirm faith and life. The Great Pilgrimage is born. Can make it to Rome. Santiago de Compostella, for the Bones of st. James, which have caused miracles. against Islamic forces.
gold, jewel-studded, in Germanic tradition. Stop on the way to st. James to venerate. Ask saint tot intercede with God, to keep you on good side. If you beeve what you do. Connect with network of monasteries. 1000s of pilgrims on yearly basis, some years much more. All to specific churches, need to sleep. Leads to Pilgrimage church design.
Announce presence of relics
church as dominant element in landscape. Towers show movement upward. Goal of both church and relics.
Barrel and groin vaults, return of arches.
Not a tapestry, but emproidered. Ground is womven linee, 100+ feet!
Northern France, monastery. Exact origin unknown. Work of women. radition in west, well-established assicated with Normandy. Long standing tradition of textiles. But most don't surive. In church, very important. Lot's of labor, visual feast, can decorate interior space. brought out for feasts/events, stored in between. Represents Norman invasion of England in 1066. Successful, last time England was invaded and conquered. Set history in motion since, long term results.
How to explain why to invade England? Justification: Harold in line to throne of England. Captured while on hunting trip and held for ransom. All in relationship of lord/vassel, King not below anyone. Little room for variation. Harold not in feudal rel'n with Normandy. William is leige lord to Baron that captures Harold. Tells release of Harold. H to visit W to thank, large scene. Surrounded by decor, no distractions. H makes sacrifice before Duck W. 2 figures related by gesture, the seated one has precedence, W. Between them 2 items with crosses. H at altar, making pledge of ealty. Big Mistake! H back to England, Edward dies, H is King, but W claimes rulership. Oath of fealty is divinely sanctioned, so can't be broken. Justifies Williams invasion. H on the throne at strange, unsteady angle. Man from crowd to tell H. Witnessed comet, message from God. Heavens not in order, justifies W's action. Boats lined up beneath scene, shows war is right. England loses independence to Normandy.
Maybe same architect as st james cathedral. Recognizable Carolingian shape. Narthex= westward portion, now the holding space for pilgrims to wait before they enter. 2 aisles, though related. allows movement through church, to eucharistic mass can function. In aisles, can move around. Radiating chapels on apse itself. Relics belong in a space, not on n altar. main relic in center, all placed in radiating chapes. Modular structure defined by base, main center of cross.
Enormous, largest thing in Europe so far. Not even roman remains to rival it. Requires technical skill/knowledge. For this size, the arch was rediscovered. If done well, could open knave, could span it in stone so more fireproof. Arches rest on piers. Creates large barrel vault. Thicker piers b/c stress is on sides. So, arches again on sides. Takes stress away from knave. All to make enormous interior space.
France, W. Germany, N. Spain, So. England has great limestone. refracts light. little light will do much to light space.
strength of pilgrimage remains a force today. powerful motivator that united christendom when there was no political leader. languages emerging. New Force= Cluny
Post rulership: religion/monasteries. now, one head abbot for many monasteries. Concept called Cluny and the largest church anywhere in W Europe. Begin to send out monks to found new monasteries. Found new or Change existing ones to Clunia. At height, controls 300 monasteries. no rival of power. Popes now appointed by monastery instead of ruler. Generator of artistic ideas. Generated then spread to all others, unification/homogenization of artistic force.
New industry of art for pilgrims.
Stone cut, limestone, dense, carves well but won't hold a sharp edge. Bernardus Gelduinus is the artist.
Jesus placed in frame, separated from everything. surrounded by images of the evangelists. Easy to present. Letters: Book of Revelations/the Apocalypse. John banished to island (different John), spent time, looked at sky, the end of the world revealed to him. Arrival of Jesus as judge. Not as human, but Divine, to sort souls. Souls to heaven or hell, not 'listening' then eternit starts. celebratory image of eternal salvation. only human form for human contemplation, beyond law/time/space. distorted and bizarre. bilat symm except for hands.
12th century.
High quality limestone not available, result is more paintings. Not a pilgrimage church. Translated exterior images into interior, but same idea: Christ in magest/eternity surrounded by 4 evangelists, large scale painting. Beow are the apostles, below that scenes of Jesus' life, with Mary. Hieratic composition. Eternal salvation with christ is the most important element.
Cloister walled in, where monks live, dine, make scripts, etc. Sealed off. North and south ends are secondary entrances.
Collonade: columns on long base. Arches rediscovered. Central barrel vault arcade holds up 2nd story of cloisters. Capitals and piers can be decorated, a new field.
Capitals: on top of column. Not too big. distilled narrative required. invites a hieratic composition because of shape.
Daniel in Lions Den masculine form in center. Form not essential, just conveys human. Lions are the same, not specific, just beasts. Story: lions refuse to eat daniel. Standard Concept of God.
3 martyrs of Tarragona: died for faith, Old testament image. This imagery found all over, but now it's being fit into capital shapes. Decorative art to use space unsuitable for imagery. 2 different artists.
The cloister was a place to be between other things. Sit and look at capitals. World with little passive entertainment,or images, with little/no diversity or interaction.
12th century. Images for visual stimulation. Not for one on one interaction/experience of faith. Similar to reliquaries, it has intrinsic value. gold and gems extend the value of relics. Not worshipping saints, but a vehicle for prayers. Plea will be heard. Don't engage in consideration of faith. But: dead christ on cross is the sacrifice in front of you.
Virgin: Immaculate conception, wow! 'Mother of god' established in the 5th century. sits on throne, which has specific message. Mary was poor, a peasant in own context, but was in lineage to House of King David. Sits in throne because she has that right. Throne references Solomon, son of David, famous for wisdom. The throne is the wisdom of humanity. Holding baby Jesus/God on lap with hand extended as vehicle to approach divine wisdom. intended to approach the image. Not emotional response, but Gods interaction with humanity through the vehicle of Jesus.
Not the Main door, but public access.
tympanum: half circle above portal. post=trumeau. decorated with archivolts, direct contact with people moving into church. message is in the tympanum. Teaching by visually presented faith, concept of eternal salvation. 3D rendering, deep carving. No trying for where to look, Christ in Majesty, royalty with a crown. House of David lineage. Bilat symm. removed from real world. Germanic linear pattern, agitated surface, visual delight/interest. Evangelists. Unusual/extraordinary treatment of evangelists- feathers, curves etc. Surrounding image are the human figures in heaven, not specific. spending eternity with Christ, not the same governing as humans. 24 elders and the musicians of heaven.
Gislebertus the artist, shows last judgement.
Tympanum: emphasis on judgement, when Jesus comes at last moments of time/human universe. No longer christ who interceds. Frightening, some damned to hell.
JC looking into eternity. Truth in truest form. Right: angel (Gabriel) lifting a pure soul. Devils have another soul, throw downt ot hell. Hell is strupped, not enough room to stand. souls placed on scale. Left: architectural setting suggests heavenly Jerusalem. Gislebertus: not a monk, an itinerant sculptor of importance, left inscription.
Something strange- upper left figure with Gabrieul. Last thing is HOPE found in the Virgin. Leans towards Gabriel, away from Jesus. Final plea of a sinner, one voice that can still intercede. First indication that Virgin has changed, has new role in Xtianity. Relief is a reminder of why you are on the pilgrimage.
Narthex and west portal. Divides people to move through space. Image: hieratic. breaks arch at a moment of time, 2 things at once. After resurrection, before ascension. Moving away from earth. After 40 days, left 11 apostles perplexed. What to do? Role is to preach Gospels and convert others. Scary, only know Aramaic. Pentecost: God descends, gives confidence and gift of tongues. They spread across world. Image shows lines from hands to apostles is the gift of tongues. Not usually chosen for representation for Political reasons. Pope preached first crusade at this church. Destruction of Holy Sepulchre shocked Chrisendom. Catalyst for Christeian west to go against Islam/Arab world. Move to reclaim holy land, led to 3 centuries of crusades. Goal: take xtian message back.
decoration, many shapes for visual interest. Rather than reality of fabric/body, etc. Germanic vs Classicising forms.
New textual areas of decoration. Expanding to books beyond gospels and revelations. psalter: for psalms. Beginning of personal devotion/imagery. Asks individual to engage with faith. Prayers become more possible for pop'n. More readers, pilgrims. Collections of psalms, some imagery describes or just additional decoration. This one: story from book of Revelations. Compare to Autn, Gislebertus scene of judgement. Angel locking gate of Hell/Mouth for eternity. personal devotion leads to grace for a clean soul and heaven. Forgiving God if full contrition. REminder of damnation. Jointed together by theater and theatrical productions, passion plays. Musical and ddramatic, to help faithful get into spirit of devotion. Portal become stage setting, psalter style images though to be backdrops. Names of artists sometimes included, no longer always monks. emerging as individuals with personal styles
Luxury manuscripts on vellum with intrinsic value. The figure is back in space. Self-portrait. Some 3D. body turned, has looked at Carolingian manuscript, in same terms. Germanic sensibility. Curves of fabric, readable, but get's confusing at arm and parts of robe are unrealistic, just invigorating the surface with lines and shapes, more important than reality.
World is more visually attuned. Romanesque dated to middle of 12th century, but really continues to end of 12th. New arrival, rare in history o spot the beginning of a movement, but Gothic happens with Church of St. Denis in Paris. pejorative name for things 'supposed' to be destroyed.
Start of Gothic era. Royal monastary, dates backt oCarolingian times but Not cluny. Abbot Sugere takes over monastery in bad shape. Kings of France are weak. have Ile de Paris and Ile de
France, but not much else. Local Dukes are stronger. Suger not impressed, decides to rebuild monastery. Turns attention to one area, uses royal and own wealth. Also accesses urban wealth. Apse end: radiating chapels, has relics, but won't do. Decides to change the East end of the church, won't be dissuaded. Builders convinced impossible, wanted it open, glazed with no walls. How? walls support the vaults. Suger holds out.
Pointed arch: decorative, from arab world. Eventually understood to be different from rounded arch and from dome. Pointed arch directs pressure, rib vaults directs stress to specific columns. Used in apse end, directed to specific piers. Rest of walls are non-structural, unnecessary, can be filled with glass. Chevet: head of church, vibrant interior.
Ceiling views Introduced concepts. already: light brings sense of divine, penetrates at st Denis. New: concept that beuty allows approach of divinity. accessing concept of good. appropriate investment for piety.
Gothic art: began as architectural form, Abbot Suger turned St. Denis into spectacular open/glazed church. Beauty to honor and admire God/Divinity. All in Ile de Fance, under Ctrl of French Kings. Many Cathedral churches in area, where Bisship sits. Glergy into 2 groups: Monastic in monasteries, role is worship, not preaching. Other group is pastoral, tend to leity, preach in small town churches. Dates back to early Xtianity. Hierarchy, with Bishop at the top. Some tension with Monasteries., not huge during romanesque. Gothic: Bishop/pastoral return to full force. Cities declined with downfall of West and Germanic conquests, the Ottonian period was not urban. No large scale urbanization since 3rd century (except Islamic cities in Spain). Trade increases, Wool of many types. Best is merino from Spain and England. Raw material shipped to North, changed to fabric. Cities emerging for process and trade. Pre-Industrial Europe: more than one set of clothes is a luxury. Industrial cloth makes it more abundant, many more jobs. Ile de France: has great fairs, good for cloth trade. The Cathedral becomes emblem of urban developments. Money invested in them. Flourescence of uran building limestone available. Notre Dame dedicated to Virgin Mary. New competition, 2 generations to be taller and larger. architexts move, but they take ~1-200 years to complete.
Chartre is best example. There has been a church to Virgin for long time, pilgrimage church planned, church burned but mantle of the Virgin didn't. Took mantle on tour to make Money to rebuild on grander scale.
pointed arches, stress goes to piers. Creates 'web' on ceiling, all pointed. many small units, carrying stress down, bundling allows to keep small. opens area for glass.
Crossing at center, but small units emphasized, proportional system. Strong, longitudinal movement, added to pilgrimage church by height. Strong vertical ascent. (sound moves down church).
Exterior: nave and flying buttresses, to go ever higher. How to take stresses from nave and apse? Swing arches out from piers. Move stress to exterior. No interference with glass or piers. Very tall churches-effected by wind. Vaults must maintain againt wind. mini towers intended to break wind force. Result: loss of exterior clarity. Can't sense interior any longer. visually obscure. Exterior: flying buttresses are overbuilt. unsure, so extra careful. design spawns spread all over Western Europe. Ile de France has tallest/highest. gives pace for glass.
Romanesque rediscovers colored glass for window imagery, Now there are full walls of colored glass.
limited colors available, glass fused with color. yellow and green found later, mostly blues and reds. glass is a new industry. joined by lead. When in window, will move, prevents shattering in wind. architect: stonework, glass inset. held in place by iron rods, holds windows in place. iron since removed, replaced with titanium. Taken down in WW2 for protection. Turns entire church into bejeweled, reliquary space. Northern Lights source, so don't have too much, colors opposite wall. many tories, references to those who paid for the church.
Guilds: protect what artisans do, spread collective $
Carpenter's window:
built by labor of community
vehicle for expression, didactic sculpture, to teach faith. Triplet to reference Trinity. unusual with asymmetrical towers. portals: hieratic, central focus. Above more important than below. Central figure is Christ, with 4 images of evangelists. Eternity, post-judgement. Eternal majesty, ast time and space. Right side is favored, more important. REad left to right. Rests on jamb figures. Can't touch easily, but in the people's space. unidentifiable monarchy, the 'Royal Portal'. suggests spirituality of Rulers of France, where we'd expect the old testament.
Archivalt: musicians of heavenly orchestra, all in arch bove Christ. Deeper carving than Romanesque, much 3D. Christ drapery as pattern, but some reality to it. jamb statues: area fully decorated. decor gives sense of logic, all given pedestals and rooflets.
elongated figures, no more concern with drapery, long lines most make sense. Details: bring figures out into our space. supposed to engage them/respond to them, though high up.
All culminates in this image. Portals are about human existence. History, given visual force. Lefthand portal is the seated figure of Virgin with child, on throne of wisdom. Below, images of life of virgine, temple, end of life/assumption to heaven. references to human events. surrounded by 7 liberal arts. Portal of humans at highest level of achievement/capability/wisdom. Reference to Old Law.
Left Portal: vertical emphasis, changed composition. humans iwth new covenant through relationship with son. This is New World. Zodiac: imagery in heavens, constant. Order in/of the heavens. Zodiac is around Jesus, the epitome of order. all of history in these portals. Universal rule, culminates with Jesus in eternity.
by Gaucher de Reims and Bernard de Soissons.
Trained on Chartres, previous commisions. Trying to go higher, wider, grander. Thinned the walls, cleared out and replaced with stained glass. Large rose window. Towers hollowed out, skeletal. gains visual interest. Portal sculptures far out. Schools @ churches. highest education of the day, for teaching the 7 liberal arts. geometry: the great art of the period. God imagined as builder of geometric forms, from Plato's text. Romans: spoke latin, should know Greek, but almost no greek at collapse. Disappearance of Greek texts. Selectively survived by Byzantine texts. Preserved in arab world, b/c no problems with Greek philosophy. Circle within the square, geometry reveals divinity with perfection. new way to sense it. Relating to everyman.
intrinsic value increased by gold. story of Christ's life. Patronage page shows them in contemorary garb, recognize the present.
No scriptural basis, No way to know what happened. Strong horizontal recline, surrounded by 2 layers of figures in arch. Sense of death Fully articulated in logical space/3D figures. Classicizing apostles all scattered, but all are here with her. Should be happy moment of her returning to son/God, but all grief. Should be happy foever, emphasis on the moment of grief. Middle: Christ. Holds up soul of mother, but head still shows grief. mary: Immediately approachable. Mother and intercessor, emphasis on the human. if crowned Queen of Heaven, ascends to royal courts.
Westworks jamb statues: above physical reach but in visual field. Very 3D, demands attention. Subsidiary decor removed. Angel Gabriel in front of Virgin. She's betrothed to Joseph, Annunciation. 'Blessed is the fruit of your womb.' How would a girl react? V needs advice, goes to Elizabeth. Older, with wrinkled face, pregnant with John the Baptist, neither should be pregnant.
Beyond humanity/divinity of Christ, now a new interest in Virgin's life. Rediscovery of contraposto. Distilled Narrative. Have they seen Greek/Roman sculpture, or arrived themselves? Life of Virgin is new vehicle for engaging, the 'real human story of Christianity.'
French King built reliquary. Crusade in holy land, stopped in Constantinople and got relics like the crown of thorns!
2nd floor: jewel encrusted, much red of blood of christ. many relics on display. Can't go see it. overwhelmed by color and visile effect. Bring in to sensory response to the beautiful.
Shown in front of Gothic cathedral. within own frame of reference, not past.http://www.shafe.co.uk/crystal/images/lshafe/St_Louis_Psalter.jpg
Interest in immediacy, make faith speak to human moment. Both about the removal of Jesus from the cross, the moment of Death. Culmination of faith: death followed by resurrection. Momentary grief, unspeakable. virgin confronting dead son. wheterh she knew or not doesn't matter, only the moment of total grief.
anti-classicizing, all exaggerated.
Virgin saying goodbye. last moments. neither about what's next, or soul. only pain of being human. to suffer: your god understands. Time of black death! everywhere. confront that experience. go to god who knows what it is to be human, knows pain. Empathy, allows grief. Hope, because human experience is valued.
14th C. CE. exaggerated contraposto pose, holding child on hip. S-curve line is sensuous, exploited to emphasize transitory nature, temporal nature. won't last. Can't hold child like this for long. Emphasis on engagement between mother and child. Gothic mind: Who exactly was Mary? Not well described in Bible. Holds child as a mother does, but does she know of terrible death? Vessel, or participant? Queen of Heaven, wears a crown.
Gothic: all separated into courst and ranks. courtly life, presence. secular. knights, dukes, kings, etc. Dominated by role of marital fidelity. Concept of courtly love. Married or betrothed woman, virtue is important. Jousting to show virility, fight for intentions of woman who is take. 'chaste relationship'. Can carry colors of knight.
ladies in balcony, old colors of jousting knights. immediacy: all dressed in look of the day, current events. courts interested in own world, reflections of own world. Mary is the quintessential representative of courtly love.
Dressed in blue (her color) of lapis lazuli, crushed to make paint. Intrinsically valuable. against red. Red paint isn't expensive, but dyed red cloth is. shows she is richly dressed on throne, though understood to be poor. Angel in brocade: statement of wealth. Altarpiece all in gold leaf, int. valuable.
Materials and presentation of characters holds meaning. Virgin's pose not possible, but elegant. To create visual interest, and asks question: How does virgin respond? leaning away. lilies remind of chastity. Style: International Gothic.
Consistent emphasis on beauty in Gothic era, virgin always elegant, young tall.
Gilded. reminder of preciousness.


text:
Red Glitter
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Facebook event: https://www.facebook.com/events/689449944909434
After over FIVE years I finally get to have my good brother Raven du Monde on air to share some of his fantastic musical selections!
Here's what he's gonna bring to the air waves for your listening pleasure:
"Ah 1979, to celebrate this 40th Anniversary I ask Was it the best year ever for music?
Yes? No?? Maybe???
In this 1979 retrospective show I will state my case that I strongly feel 1979 was the most influential year in music history. It was before the influence of M TV, Vinyl was the #1 medium, FM and College Radio were where one would tune in late night to catch new music. It was the dawn of the mix tape. 40 years ago music was at an important cross roads where anything was possible, with a little something available for everyone.
You had the Classic Rockers going strong producing classic albums (Led Zeppelin, Pink Floyd, The Who, The Rolling Stones), 70's Rockers (Van Halen, Styxx, Fleetwood Mac, AC⚡DC, Cheap Trick, The Police, Kiss, Journey, Rush, Queen) producing seminal albums.
You had the death rattle of Disco at the top of the Charts (listen up for music that is still widely sampled today). British and American Punk (the Clash, Gang of Four , The Ramones, Dead Kennedy,s). Nu Wave was emerging (Gary Numan, Devo, Blondie). Alternative pioneers (Joy Division, the Cure, B52,s, The Talking Heads). U2 started producing Boy. Def Leppard and the Scorpions were going full metal throttle.
The strictly solo careers of Prince and Michael Jackson began. Even Country didn't suck, they had some classic great additions (Waylon and Willie, Kenny Rogers, Charlie Daniels Band) charting.
Hall of Fame Worthy Solo artists Joan Jett, Peter Gabriel, Rod Stewart, Pat Benetar, Patti Smith, Tom Petty produced some of their best work.
Rap and Hip Hop burst on the scene (Kurtis Blow, Sugarhill Gang, and Grandmaster Flash) still define a genre. Reggae and Ska swept the dance halls.
There are sad songs, Jazz Songs, cheesy songs, Iconic Movie Soundtracks, one hit wonders, Elevator classics and many more that if you tune in?!
Should have you up singing and dancing along as I make the case for 1979!
Diablo -Dirty Diablo on The Sacred Circle "TEMENOS" -Radio Show - on KBOO Community Radio
ra·ven / rā-vən
Definition of Raven
Raven noun
1 : A large, glossy-black bird (Corvus corax) that is widely distributed in northern parts of the northern hemisphere but now rare in most areas of the eastern and central U.S. and that differs from the closely related common crow chiefly in its larger size and wedge-shaped tail and in having the feathers of the throat narrow and pointed resulting in a shaggy appearance
also : any of various usually large and glossy black, corvine birds
Raven adjective
2 : Shiny and black like a Raven's feathers, Raven hair
Raven verb
rav·en | \ ˈra-vən \
ravened; ravening\ ˈra-və-niŋ , ˈrav-niŋ \
intransitive verb
1 : to feed greedily
2 : to prowl for food : PREY
transitive verb
1 : to devour greedily
"The Raven" is a classic narrative poem by Edgar Allen Poe
Facebook Event


text:
Asked by:
Missing Records for Application in Which BizTalk Polling from Oracle DB.
The application is developed in BizTalk 2016 to poll the records from Oracle and process. Some times the application is unable to receive the records from Oracle DB.
The Oracle procedure is defined to pick the first 20 records, Update these records with Unique value , status updated from 0 to 1 and then commit. Then as a 2nd step in the Procedure pick the 20 records based on the unique value as updated above and return it to BizTalk.
This is working most of the time correctly but sometimes it executing the Procedure at Oracle end but BizTalk not received any rows.
I came across the post which mention the similar scenario and mentioned this as a product bug in BizTalk 2010
My Query here is
1. Is it still not fixed in BizTalk 2016? Is there any update on this?
2. Is it valid for WCF_OracleDB Adapter or WCF_Custom Adapter with Oracle Binding?
All replies
Hi Manish,
Current version of BizTalk Adapter Pack is 3.X and per my understanding this issue is fixed in older version of BizTalk Adapter Pack and must fixed here also(Refer Link#1 for list of CUs for BizTalk Adapter Pack for different versions).
The issue you mentioned mostly occurs because of DTC, can you check "UseAmbientTransaction" (Refer Link#2 for more info) property of the Adapter and set to True if it is not.
Link#1 https://support.microsoft.com/en-in/help/2555976/service-pack-and-cumulative-update-list-for-biztalk-server
Link#2 https://social.technet.microsoft.com/wiki/contents/articles/3470.typed-polling-with-wcf-sql-adapter-best-practices-and-troubleshooting-tips.aspx
Hope this Helps!!!!
Note: Please Mark As Answered if you satisfy with Reply.
The referenced article and fix is related to SQL Server, not Oracle. Meaning, it does not apply to Oracle in any way.
If the mark and return is all handled within the Stored Procedure, then it seems more likely the problem is within Oracle. This is a fairly common pattern and is otherwise unknown to BizTalk.
I would focus on the SP code to find the cause and resolution.
Thanks Vikas.
This issue occurs very intermittently and difficult to reproduce the same. I am still not sure if it has been fixed in release 3 of adapter pack. There are no certain steps to follow to get the same error.
In my case, UseAmbientTransaction was set to false. It using Oracle connection in which the URI is more than 39 chars long and if it is more than 39 chars UseAmbientTransaction can't be set to true.
Thanks Johns.
For me it not seems the issue with Oracle, There is additional logging step added in Oracle side which confirms the Stored procedure calls successfully which is mentioned in PollingStatement. Please go through the link which explains the exactly same issue in detail and the probable solution
#Link:- https://blog.thoughtstuff.co.uk/2011/11/biztalk-wcf-custom-adapter-sqlbinding-silently-consuming-messages/
Note:- I still have to test the solution before confirming it working solution.
Yes. Its unusual and very intermittent. Also I am not the first facing this issue. In last couple of days I found lots of blogs and articles.
To answer the queries, the unique value committed is GUID for a batch. Once updated this is being received within BizTalk with ID(Primary Key) and BizTalk Updates the record back to to 2 based on the ID. It is just picking the records based on unique GUID assigned to a batch(say 10 records with status =0).
polling interval set is 30 sec. and polling from 2 BizTalk servers.
- Edited by Manishkumar.ce Wednesday, July 4, 2018 10:21 AM
I assume you are maintaining the uniqueness by GUID. The other thing you can do is Host Clustering
This will definitely avoid any concurrency related underlying issues if exist.http://kentweare.blogspot.com/2009/04/clustering-biztalk-hosts.html
- Edited by Ankur Billore Wednesday, July 4, 2018 4:16 PM
polling interval set is 30 sec. and polling from 2 BizTalk servers.
2 or more BizTalk Server isn't a problem, provided the SP code correctly implements transactions internally.
This could be as simple as a BEGIN...END TRAN around the UPDATE where the GUID is applied.
In my opinion it can't be viewed as SQLbinding or OracleDBbinding. Its the issue with Polling from BizTalk irregardless of the Database type. To be more precise, The issue with WCF-Custom adapter in case of polling the records from any DB.
- Edited by Manishkumar.ce Thursday, July 5, 2018 12:01 AM
Earlier I also doubt on the SP, handling transaction whether its returning any rows to BizTalk or not. At the same time questions raised for BizTalk implementation to show where is BizTalk logs for its calls the SP and as polling is configured on adapter there is noway i can log each calls which triggers SP.
After that In SP, added commit statement and logging additional steps at the start of the SP and after commit writing the selected records in another table.
Well...that's just not how it works. The WCF-Custom Adapter is just a wrapper and is oblivious to what clients or protocols are used by the various bindings.
The actual work is done by the oracleBinding->Oracle Client->Oracle DB stack. The gap is definitely somewhere in there. To remind, the above articles and fixes are specifically for the sqlBinding, they do not apply to any other BizTalk, WCF or Oracle code.
By the way, you never specified exactly what's happening. Are records getting lost or is it just that no records are returned?
Hi Johns,
Well. I understand the sqlbinding and OracleDBbinding uses ADO and ORAClient respectivelly and both are different but when you compare the properties on the adapter settings like polling interval, transactions, timeouts etc Under bindings TAB are same. Also at the moment i am not sure the fix is applicable to for Oracle or not but looks like the issue is same.
To Recap , whats happening here is step wise
1. BizTalk polls Oracle DB using the Stored Procedure. This call is from 2 BT server and polling interval is 30 sec.
2. SP updates the Timestamp = Systemtimestamp, status= From 0 to 1 and assigns unique value to one batch. This batch size is of max 20 based on how many records exists with status =0. When SP executes, that confirms there are records that has unique value and status =1.
3. Next step in Same SP, The records are fetched based on unique value and a record set and returned back to BizTalk. For further processing.
Whats is the issue:- The issue is when the SP executed and the status made to one. At the same timestamp there is no entry in Tracked message event of BizTalk admin console. And this issue occurs vary rarely. In some posts its mentioned as memory leak issue with BizTalk WCF Adapters (SQLBindings).
As solution mentioned in the above link I also have done the settings changes in the Adapter configuration and retesting it.
At this moment It's too early to comment this fix worked for OracleDBBindings.
The properties were named similarly for consistency, but there is no relationship or connection between them. You have to accept that those fixes have nothing do to with the Oracle stack. They are all SQL Server related and SQL Server only.
Is the unique value assigned within a transaction? Is it a GUID?
Maybe don't update the status>1 until the results are actually returned.
You also didn't answer an important question, are records lost?
I just have applied the same fix to see in case i can reproduce it. For the queries raised
1:- Is the unique value assigned within a transaction? Is it a GUID?
A:- Yes it is in the transaction. Its in same Stored Proc and all the SQL statements are within the begin and end transaction . Yes the unique value is GUID.
2:- Maybe don't update the status>1 until the results are actually returned.
A:- You mean this is to be updated from BizTalk? May be using postPollStatement.
3:- You also didn't answer an important question, are records lost?
A:- Stored procedure executed, but Records not revived by BizTalk as seen in tracked message event. Yes, Records are lost in between Oracle and BizTalk.
Thanks John. Appreciate your quick response and valuable suggestions.
Within SP , there has been added additional steps (only in Test and UAT). this step actually fetch the records after commit statement in SP and then inserts each records in a temporary log table.
Currently the proposed fix applied yesterday in UAT. In last 24 hrs, In Production environment(No Fix implemented yet), found 4 records failed to be received in BizTalk but nothing in UAT after applying the fix to set the receiveTimeOut to Max(24.20:31:23.6470000).
Could you please share some more points, why do you think that the update applies only to SQLBindings not to the OracleDBbindings? Even the post describes the similar issues.
Well, because they're not. I don't know what else to tell you.
They are for the SQL Server stack only. What give you the impression thy apply to Oracle? They all referrer specifically to SQL Server. No mention of Oracle anywhere.
I don't think the Timout setting is having any effect.
Hi Johns,
There is a logic through which i claimed it's applicable for OracleDBBinding along with SQLBinding Type. Also can't stop trying with OracleDBbinding because it's not mentioned in any of the post.
The logic here is The property "receive timeout" is a part of WCF-Custom and it's not specific to any binding type. Also it is grouped as StandardBindingElement in the adapter configuration
Let's wait for the test outcome. I am trying to reproduce the record with failure which is very intermittent.
Will update soon with the end result.
- Edited by Manishkumar.ce Wednesday, July 11, 2018 5:03 AM Incorrect image uploded
Those values are defined by a standard WCF Interface, IDefaultCommunicationTimeouts, which is implemented by many different bindings, including basicHttp which also has nothing to do with Oracle.
Please, you have to accept those updates are irrelevant. You time is better focused on the actual implementation.
Thanks Johns. Please go through the links once again and the below one which says it's issue with BizTalk adapter.
As you don't have anything in support it is only applies for SQL and not for Oracle but here the fix seems to be working in my case as i haven't observed any issue after reset the receive timeout to its max (24.20:31:23.6470000) in UAT.
Again, don't know what else to tell you. Those fixes apply to SQL Server, note, Oracle is not mentioned anywhere in the release notes or KB articles. That's just how it works.
Hate saying this, but you're wasting you time focusing on those. They don't apply to Oracle just as they don't apply to HTTP or SFTP or any other Adapter.
If changing the timeout helps, that indicates an underlying problem, a lock or some such. You didn't mention if you changed the timeout in isolation. You mentioned other code changes as well.
Thanks Johns.
After applying the changes to set the receive timeout to its max (24.20:31:23.6470000). The missing records issue got resolved. Since last 2 days there are no pending records in Oracle DB. I have used the solution#1 suggested in below post for OracleDBBinding.
With this fix, the few points to highlight here are
1. This is applicable to sqlbinding and OracleDBbinding.
2. The cumulative update fix is not a part of BizTalk 2016. This issue still exists in BizTalk 2016 and for OracleDBbinding.
Again, please understand, that is simply not correct. You need to identify the problem on the Oracle side.
Those updates do not apply to your situation. Not at all. They are completely irrelevant and ineffective. In fact, the installer shouldn't even update them as the versions packaged in the BizTalk 2010 CU are lower than what is shipped with BizTalk Server 2016. Meaning, you may have run the update, but no updates were actually done.
To remind, neither the above article nor the update make any mention of Oracle. Meaning, they do not apply to Oracle. Please compare the assembly version numbers between the working and non-working servers.
From too much experience with this, the Timeout setting has merely masked the actual problem. This is unfortunately very common.
I have discussed this issue with Microsoft support team and they shared the below documentation link for settings the Oracle Database Adapter binding property. It's mentioned that Receivetimeout to be set to 24 days (24.20:31:23.6470000). Refer the below link and screen shot
- Edited by Manishkumar.ce Friday, June 14, 2019 6:35 AM
Well, did the resolve the issue? Probably not because the gap is still somewhere in the Oracle stack.
Increasing a client timeout value is also quite common and not a fix for anything. We do this because there's usually no practical reason to enforce a client timeout.
- Edited by Johns-305MVP Friday, June 14, 2019 12:03 PM
Obviously, Its resolved the issue. I am not sure, for what reason you don't have a believe on the recommended solution.
Do you have any alternate ? If yes, please share. If no, accept this as a solution.
Microsoft support team collected the trace and suggested this. And it is working.
Awesome! But now you see the problem was within Oracle all along and...sadly, probably still is. Increasing timeouts is always a stopgap measure.
The SP seems to be taking an unreasonable about of time to complete so you sill need to focus on the SP code to find out why it's taking so long, then either fix it finally or prove that execution time is legitimate.
The problem was never BizTalk.
I never mentioned the problem was with Oracle or Oracle SP. And i have neither changed the oracle settings and nor the logic in SP.
Also there is no problem with BizTalk. The issue is with WCF. and the recommended settings for WCF adapter resolves the issue.
Please refer the links above specially the below one to understand the basic root cause.
But that issue was fixed in BizTalk Server 2009. If this was an actual problem it would be much, much more common.
I'm saying the problem is somewhere in the Oracle stack because, well, that's where problems like this usually are. BizTalk has distinct ability to surface gaps in other systems, Oracle, SAP, SalesForce.
You've maybe accommodated the issue which might be fine.


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The morning did not start off well. Instead of waking up at 5:00 am like I'd planned, I silenced my alarm a few times and did not wake up until 6:00 a.m. This is not such a good thing when I have to be on a run by 6:30, and I'm tired and not moving at full speed. I fed Cody, Lollie, Merlin, and the cats, got dressed, had some water and a banana, and was out the door by 6:25. However, it takes about 10 minutes to get to my run start, so I was late. I was hoping the team would have left late, but apparently they're more punctual than I am. They were nowhere in sight.
I started running the scheduled route with the hopes of catching up with my group, and I was joined by a coach from the half-marathon training team, so I had someone to chat with. I figured my average pace on a good day is about 9:45/mi and on a bad day is closer to 11:00/mi, and some people on my team have an average of over 12:00/mi. Depending on exactly when they left, I should hopefully catch up to the back of my team by the S.A.G. team at the halfway point. Well, apparently yesterday was a good day. I was running about a 9:45-10:00 mile, and I caught up with the back of my team within a mile. However, the people I usually run with were a little farther ahead, so I had some more running to do.
At one point, my route intersected with an intermediate team, and I had a bit of a panic attack. Surely the runners on this team would recognize that I was an imposter. I would be too slow or awkward, or, I don't know, a big light would come on over my head saying, "THIS IS NOT YOUR TEAM! GET OUT!" Imagine my surprise when no one asked me which team I was actually from. Imagine my even bigger surprise when I realized that I was not only keeping up with the team, I was passing quite a few! Sure, I was running faster than I often do, but the run felt good, and I had no intentions of slowing down.
Right around the half way point I hit the main group of my team. I saw them up ahead, and I charged a little harder because I knew I was close. Finally, I ran into some of the girls I normally run with. Hurrah! I was back with my people! I slowed down a little and relaxed into running and chatting with them. Then we hit the hills.
The run yesterday was beautiful, but it was full of long, steep hills. People must have thought I was praying really hard, because I kept exhaling, "Sweet Jesus!" It was exhausting, and if you look at my times at that point you can see a clear time difference. Still, we made it through those hills continued on.
Once we were past the hills, the run should have been easier, but by this point I was tired. I was feeling particularly fatigued when we reached a local park. On the other side of the park is the Cathedral, and the view was one that I don't often get. Seeing it from the angle I did, bright and early on a Saturday morning was amazing. I continued on.
By the time I reached the end of the run I was tired. Nine miles is the longest I've ever run (I'll be saying that a lot from here on out), and I felt it. All in all, I did take 2-3 short walk breaks to catch my breath, but I think that's OK. I also really enjoyed the S.A.G. stops. Oh, and I thoroughly enjoyed the fuel belt Hans got me last week. It very much came in handy. Next week is 10 miles, and in a few weeks I'll be running my first half marathon. Wow! I'm excited!
|Me at the end of nine miles...lookin' like a runner!


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Economics of trading in an SUV May 29, 2008Posted by The Armchair Economist in Commentary.
Tags: Business, Cars, Commentary, Culture, Economics, Personal Finance
5 comments
With oil futures at $130/barrel and gas prices topping $4.00 a gallon in many areas, SUV owners are feeling the pinch at the pump where fill ups often cost between $80-100. While it is easy to villify SUV owners for their largess and lack of forsight, the question remains: Is it worth it to trade the SUV in for a smaller, more efficient car?
Many consumer finance organizations (1,2) argue that it isn't economic to trade in an SUV while the SUV market is depressed and trade in values are low. The argument is that since everyone else is trading in their SUVs and no one is looking to buy them, the market is flooded with these vehicles. The trade in value you will get is thousands of dollars less than what these vehicles ought to be worth, and the hit you will be taking on trade-in value is not justified from the savings recouped by $30 per fillup. You would need hundreds of fillups to make the trade-in worthwhile and the smarter strategy is just to wait until the market improves before trading in your SUV.
This argument is predicated on two facts: 1) Gas prices will improve.. or atleast not continue to get worse 2) Demand of SUVs will improve in the future. Without a crystal ball, there is no guarantee that gas prices will improve (infact, Ford predicts gas prices will remain in the 3.75-4.25 range through 2009). While I don't know if gas prices will be 3.00 or 5.00 one year from now, I'm willing to bet that it won't go to the price levels in the 90s-early 2000s ($1-2/gallon) that enabled consumers to waste gas without a second thought. (To put that into some perspective, oil prices need to drop from the current $130/barrel level down to the $30-50/barrel level!) Without a significant drop in oil prices, we will likely not see any increased demand for gas guzzling vehicles. The only way we'd work through the current backlog of SUVs is for people who actually NEED the carrying capacity of these vehicles…
A RATIONAL decision to purchase an SUV? Thats a new one..
The Fallacy of Carbon Offsets May 18, 2008Posted by The Armchair Economist in Commentary.
Tags: Accountability, Business, Carbon Offsets, Environment, Fads, Global Warming, Personal Responsibility, Politics, Science, Trends
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Have you ever noticed the options to purchase 'Carbon Offsets' from travel sites when you buy airline tickets? My first thought when I saw these start popping up several years ago were that these were a scam (how do you know they really plant trees or pass the money to organizations that do.. and what is their 'commission'?). Eventually, I started hearing about people calculating their carbon footprints and then buying the appropriate carbon offsets so that they are 'carbon neutral'.
While, I can't imagine that it is bad to plant more trees and to be more aware of your impact on the environment via your 'carbon footprint', the whole idea of 'carbon offsets' is at odds with an environmental friendly way of life. When we hear about greenhouse gases and global warming, most of us probably feel alittle bit guilty about our individual contributions.. however the idea of being able to 'buy' our way out of our guilt only serves to divert our attention from where it really should lie: Conservation.
When you calculate how much electricity/oil your 4000 sq ft home consumes during the summer/winter, as well as how much gas your V12 SUV consumes, its easy to feel responsible. While buying carbon offsets may help you feel that you did something for the environment, it isn't the answer. If paying for the appropriate carbon offsets is all you did, you are ultimately consuming the same number of resources (ie: and contributing to the rise of price of natural resources). Similarly, when you purchase carbon credits from airlines to offset the carbon footprint of your trip, you are giving the airline a free pass to keep on using an aging, fuel inefficient fleet. Put your wallet where your mouth is and do alittle research into the airline that flies your route and uses the most efficient aircraft (I wonder if a site exists that does this automatically?)
Besides selling your house or trading in your SUV for a Prius (kudos to you if you are that invested in our environment), there are simple and effective (yet not very obvious) things we can do to reduce our carbon footprint, all of it revolving around conservation and reuse. Figuring out the amount of trash that you throw away is a good gauge of your impact on the environment. Reuse those plastic bags (stop getting them from the grocery stores, do you know how much energy and oil based products it takes to make plastic bags, not to mention their uncanny ability to resist biodegradation). Minimize the amount of water you use (Fix those leaks and turn off those faucets when brushing your teeth). Buy bigger sized products (Speaking directly to those manufacturers that try to hide price increases by decreasing the amount of product while using the same sized container.. I'd rather you just raise the price and give me the same amount of product, since the product:waste ratio only gets worse). Walk/Bike/Skate/Use Public Transportation.. and STOP DRIVING to the next store within the same shopping complex! Refuse to purchase convenience foods (ie: packaged salads, 'lunch sized' package of foods).
The ways you can minimize your carbon footprint are endless.. and none of these require you to spend an extra cent! digg story
Accountability and the Mortgage bailout May 17, 2008Posted by The Armchair Economist in Commentary, Economics, Politics.
Tags: Accountability, Business, Commentary, Economics, Housing, Personal Responsibility, Politics, Real Estate
6 comments
Five years ago, I was three years out of college and had just written the check for the final payment of my college loans (hurray). My thrifty ways had led to a slowly growing pile of cash in my money market account. I considered purchasing a home since I was gainfully employed, had little expenses and had enough cash for a nice down payment. A little more research into the housing market showed that many of the newest mortgage loans were Adjustable Rate Mortgages, mortgages that had low teaser rates that were to reset in a few years (usually 3-5 years) at the prevailing interest rates. The historically low interest rates, coupled with the stratospheric (not yet ionospheric, as I was soon to see) housing market, and number of ARM mortgages was enough to put a slight pause into my own dreams of owning a home. I reckoned that by the time the interest rates rose in the next few years, many people who bought in hoping for a quick buck will head towards the exit – all expecting to cash out before their loans reset, leading a possible downturn in the housing market possibly creating some buying opportunities. By the way, this was before mortgage lenders found a way to mediate the perfect storm of less knowledgeable (subprime) borrowers , increasingly greedy banks willing to accept an amazing new form of seemingly low risk, high return mortgage products , and an increasing number mortgage brokers with surprisingly absent scruples that finally caused the housing market to crash and burn.
Last week, the House has passed a $300 billion in federal insurance to refinance troubled mortgages. While I feel some sympathy for some families that will lose their homes, I question the wisdom of not letting the market work out the kinks of the housing bubble. In the true American (read litigous) fashion, we'll likely be arguing about who lied to who, who knew what when, and who is truly a victim for the next decade, the truth is that everyone involved in the entire chain of events is partially responsible and should be held financially and criminally (if warranted) liable. Why should bystanders and taxpayers be held financially responsible for other peoples actions?
Subprime borrowers were giddy at the prospect of finally owning a home, but did they ever wonder WHY even though they didn't have enough credit to buy a used car, people were now giving them hundreds of thousands of dollars without even checking their income (or even requiring a down payment!)? Did borrowers using ARM mortgages ever consider what would happen if the interest rates ever increased from historic lows (did they really think rates would stay there, or even go lower?!?). While I can see the excitement of owning your own home, as well as the prospect of watching it go up in value 100% every 3 years, did these borrowers ever consider that housing prices might not continue appreciating exponentially in perpetuity? Sure, I understand that that some of these folks might claim that mortgage brokers lied to them or misrepresented some aspects of the loans, but didn't these borrowers have a duty to try to figure out 'whats missing' in this picture rather than blindly sign on the dotted line and hope that they wouldn't need to consider the 'what ifs' should things go sour? In the end, sure, it sucks to lose your home, but should you have been able to purchase this home in the first place (ie: did you really lose it if it was never meant to be yours?). I won't even get into borrowers who can afford to pay their loans but decided to walk away because their loans are now upside down (ie: they owe more on the house than the house is worth).
Mortgage brokers represent another one of the responsible parties. Enticed by hefty commissions on subprime mortgages, brokers did everything and anything to write loans to innappropriate borrowers. Mortgage brokers first lowered the credit standard of the borrowers (ie; subprime borrowers, who never should have been able to borrow in the first place), they lent money without even proof of the borrowers income via 'Stated Income' loans, they lent money with 'No Money Down' removing the borrowers stake in the gamble, and they underwrote loans for amounts greater than the collateral was worth (ie: money for your house AND renovations). All of these tactics served to increase the pool of borrowers and ensure that the hefty commissions kept on rolling in. Brokers may argue that their managers told them to lend money via these standards, while managers may argue that the brokers acted on their own but one cannot deny that as professionals, both parties should have enough understanding that basic mortgage underwriting principles were being violated.
What enabled the mortgage companies to underwrite such risky loans? Weren't they concerned about the fact that they wouldn't be able to collect on their mortgage payments when the borrowers hit upon hard times? The beauty of this scam lies in their ability to sell these mortgages to other investors, thus absolving them of the riskiness of these loans and yet keep the fees and commissions from writing these mortgages.
Banks and Investors, in blind pursuit of ever increasing returns, was the likely party that enabled the house of cards framework of the mortgage crises. Companies such as Fannie Mae existed that bought mortgages from the primary mortgage market and bundled these mortgages together to sell as a portfolio product that promised high returns with limited risk (with favorable ratings by credit rating agencies). The basic rule of finance and investment is high returns come with high risk, and there are VERY little opportunity to get high returns with low risk (free market economics states that there are no free lunches). Securitidized mortgage products (a portfolio of thousands of mortgages bundled together reduces the risk of individual defaults much like the protection you receive when you buy a mutual fund and one of these companies goes bankrupt) have always held a dear place in investors hearts due to their predictable (and relatively safe) income stream. With the increasing number of subprime loans, loans offered to risky borrowers and thus had higher interest rates, the rate of return of these packaged mortgage products rose accordingly. For some reason that I don't understand, credit rating agencies failed to see the risk inherent in these loans and gave them credit worthy scores. These credit ratings encouraged investment banks to blindly invest in these products creating a cycle of more demand for risky mortgages. At some point, why didn't someone at the investment banks question WHAT had fundamentally changed to enable the once modest mortgage market to offer such an increased rate of return in exchange for minimal change in risk?
One can argue how borrowers were coerced to borrow money by mortgage brokers; Mortgage brokers are just writing the loans that 'help people own homes' and to fulfill the demand of the securitidized mortgage products, and Investors were misled about the riskiness of the mortgage products. However each party likes to play victim, each should be responsible for their actions and the resulting consequences without burdening the rest of the population.
Disclosure: I still don't own a home.. maybe in a few years. digg story


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Mile: 1498.5 to 1516.4 (17.9)
up/down: 5950/1750 feet
In the large expanse of volcanic mountains in the Cascades there are granite intrusions. One of the most obvious and beautiful is Castle Crags just south of Mt. Shasta. Picking up where we left off Saturday, we hiked around the south end and up the west side to the head of the canyon. It was a big climbing day but the views made it worth while.
View from camp at the end of the day
Our friend Jim dropped us at the PCT/Interstate 5 trailhead early. We can't thank Jim and Debby enough for putting up with us especially with Debby under the weather. Get well soon Debby! We'll be back to do some birding in the fall.
The trail gradually made its way over the south end of the Crags with the usual up and down, in and out of canyons. We had lots of water opportunities in the morning when it was cool then few in the afternoon. That's the way it's been lately. Finally over to the southwest side we started the long uphill ascent to the head of the canyon. Once there the trail turned west and followed the ridge line. Neither of us felt especially spunky today so when the opportunity to camp with an epic view is not only the Crags but Shasta too, we jumped at it. Our mileage is a little low today so we'll have to make it up tomorrow. We've done most of the big climb so miles should come easier tomorrow.
California Pitcher Plant, a carnivore!
Castle Crags on the right, Shasta on the left. Our route came from the bottom right and ascended the face of the Crags to the left.
We started a new county today, Siskiyou, and picked up lots of the expected species. The best bird was a family flock of Mountain Quail. Only one more county to get them in for a clean sweep for all of California.
And, 1500 today!


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Dwyryd Tea Room & Gardens
Plas Tan y Bwlch, the Authority's Study Centre is closed until further notice.
The Dwyryd Tea Room, located in the terrace conservatory, has stunning views over the Vale of Ffestiniog to the mountains and forests beyond.
The river meandering in the valley below is framed by spectacular rhododendron, some of which are almost 200 years old.
The Tea Room is the perfect addition to a visit to the gardens. Why not extend you stay and take a look around the house and stables to learn more about why Plas Tan y Bwlch is here and some of our work and the work of the National Park Authority.
A view from outside the tea room (©SNPA)
A view from Plas Tan y Bwlch overlooking the Dwyryd (©SNPA)
Opening Hours
Gardens: Daily, from 10.00am until 4.00pm.
Admission: Free! (there is a charge for a guided tour)
Dogs: Dogs are allowed in the gardens provided that they are kept on a lead and that the owner removes any mess.
Tea room: Closed until further notice.
The House: Closed until further notice.


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The Association wishes Carers to feel safe and comfortable in group settings. Of paramount importance is the issue of confidentiality. It is important that whatever group members talk about or listen to remains confidential and is not discussed outside of the group.
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