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Restraining orders are used to resolve a wide range of disputes, relating from managing domestic violence problems in the home to property disputes about an ongoing public nuisance. Our lawyers handle more restraining order matters than any other law firm in Los Angeles. Unlike other lawyers who occasionally handle restraining order matters, our lawyers regularly defend respondents and seek orders on behalf of petitioners in all Los Angeles courts.
Depending on the jurisdiction and the circumstances giving rise to the necessity of a restraining order, the order can be granted by both a civil or criminal court (orders issued in criminal courts are sometimes called protective orders). Restraining orders give rise to countless issues specific to each individual case. While every case is different, some issues that arise regularly in restraining order matters are discussed in detail, below:
- Restraining Order Issues
- Types of Civil Restraining Orders
- The Restraining Order Process
- Restraining Order Conditions
- Domestic Violence Restraining Orders
- Restraining Order Service
- Restraining Order Fees
- Restraining Order Penalties
- Restraining Order Violation Defenses
What Kind of Restraining Orders Can be Requested in Los Angeles?
In Los Angeles (and throughout California), there are five types of restraining orders that can be requested
Restraining orders or injunctions intended to protect property will be issued by a civil court. Restraining orders or protective orders intended to protect persons will sometimes be granted by a judge in a family law court setting, while in some states these orders can also be granted by a civil court.
The most frequent driving factor for why restraining orders, intended to protect persons, are sought have to do with continued or threatened harassment, stalking, or domestic violence against an individual. Domestic violence restraining order laws exist in every state in some form, and most states also have civil restraining order laws for stalking, harassment and/or sexual assault. Victims of domestic violence may require both a restraining order and a protective order, if applicable in the state.
The party requesting the restraining order in a civil court is referred to as the Petitioner, while the party against whom the restraining order is sought is referred to as the Respondent. If the restraining order, or protective order, is sought in connection with physical abuse, sexual abuse, harassment, stalking, threats, and/or domestic violence, the person requesting the restraining order is often referred to as the "protected person," while the person the restraining order is against is the "restrained person." In some instances these restraining orders may include other "protected persons," such as family or household members of the party requesting the restraining order.
In some situations, the violation of a restraining order granted by a civil court can lead to criminal consequences, such as arrest and criminal prosecution, for the violator. Along with any possible criminal consequences, there may be civil repercussions for the violation of a restraining order, such as fines, penalties, additional costs incurred by the requesting party, counseling, any firearms taken away or the inability to acquire new firearms. And in some states the violation of a restraining order can constitute either criminal or civil contempt of court. Contempt of court occurs when a party willfully fails to obey a court order.
If the person requesting the restraining order attempts to contact the restrained person, the restrained person must not participate in the communication if a valid restraining order has been issued, or he or she may risk violating the order. While the Petitioner's contact with the Respondent will neither void nor nullify a valid restraining order, this scenario can make it more difficult for the Petitioner or law enforcement to prosecute any violations of the order by the Respondent, and it may make it more difficult for the Petitioner to get another Restraining Order against the same Respondent in the future.
What is a Default Civil Harassment Restraining Order in California?
If the Respondent does not appear at a restraining order hearing in California, the judge will review the request and supporting paperwork, and determine if there is enough evidence to grant a restraining order. The judge may also ask the party requesting the Restraining Order to testify under oath and under penalty of perjury, that everything in their request is true.
If the judge determines that the request is insufficient, the judge may require further testimony from the Petitioner and possibly additional witnesses even though the Respondent is not in court. If the judge is satisfied that the request and/or testimony is sufficient, a default restraining order is granted, the judge will fill out and sign the order (Form CH-130), and the Petitioner will have to serve that form on the respondent. Service can be done by a private process server, the sheriff, or any third party who is older than 18 years old and is not a party to the restraining order case. Once the Order has been served, the server must fill out, sign and file the Proof of Service (Form CH-200). The restraining order is not valid or enforceable until the Order has been served and the proof of service has been filed with the court.
Can I Reverse a Restraining Order Default?
In Los Angeles, and throughout California, default restraining orders are often granted because the Respondent has not been served, and therefore does not know when they need to appear, or even that a case has been filed against them. In such cases, a Petitioner files a false or incorrect proof of service with the court, and the judge has no way of knowing anything other than what the Petitioner is claiming – that the Respondent has been served and has not appeared. A Respondent who has not been served often finds out about the restraining order when they receive a copy of the actual order after hearing (Form CH-130).
At that point, the Respondent's options are limited – the Respondent can either take no action and accept that there is a restraining order against them, or file a motion to set aside, or vacate, the order. A motion to vacate the order can be based on multiple factors, but the most common is lack of proper service. The motion must be properly formatted and include a summary of the case, and evidence (such as a declaration from the Respondent) showing that the Respondent was never served with the restraining order paperwork. The motion may be served on Petitioner by regular mail. The Petitioner must then provide evidence that service was proper.
If a Respondent filed a motion to vacate a restraining order, and the court grants the motion and sets the order aside, the court will start the restraining order case from the beginning – requiring that the Petitioner serve that paperwork on the Respondent, file a proof of service, and appear at a new hearing date to argue whether or not the restraining order should be granted.
What is the Restraining Order Process in Los Angeles?
No constitutional right for a jury trial exists for restraining or protective order cases. Further, most states, including California, do not provide a statutory right for jury trial in restraining order cases (some jurisdictions, including the federal system, do not allow for jury trials in some criminal misdemeanor cases). Instead, at a restraining order hearing in all Los Angeles courts, both parties will appear in front of a judge. The parties will typically be sworn in so that their testimonies will be given under oath. Each side will have a chance to show their evidence and to make their arguments. If an attorney is present for one or both sides, they will make the arguments before the court, and the parties may testify and may be cross-examined by the other party. After the arguments and evidence are heard, the judge will rule on the evidence in the same manner as would be used for a "bench trial." Sometimes, a judge may take a ruling "under submission," meaning he or she will issue a decision at a later time.
In some cases, restraining orders may be heard by a commissioner, or a temporary judge. A commissioner is typically an attorney who has been appointed, whereas judges are often elected and / or appointed. If the restraining order hearing is set to be heard by a commissioner, a stipulation waiving the individual's right to have the restraining order case heard by a judge will need to be signed. This benefits litigants, as some jurisdictions do not give the petitioner or the respondent a choice regarding whether their matter will be heard by a judge or an appointed court officer.
Again, restraining orders, because they are not criminal convictions when issued, do not usually allow petitioners or respondents the option of having their case heard before a jury (a constitutional right to a jury trial only exists in criminal cases where the risk of a custodial sentence is present). However, individuals who feel that they have wrongly had a restraining order issued against them or have had a restraining order improperly denied against them usually, in most jurisdictions, have the option of appealing the ruling of the trial court (the court that issued or denied the restraining order). Restraining order appeals are often difficult to win, however, because appellate courts commonly give trial courts wide discretion when deciding issues of fact (i.e., who is telling the truth, what value to assign pieces of evidence, etc.). Appeals are generally considered valid and considered with scrutiny when they involve issues of law (i.e., what evidence is permitted to be admitted, what witnesses may testify, and any other issues involving questions of legal applications).
Los Angeles, and California in general, has five separate types of restraining orders that may be requested (as stated above, they are: civil harassment, domestic violence, elder abuse, workplace violence, and gun violence). These types of restraining orders are generally unrelated to injunctions in civil cases and protective orders issued in connection with a criminal case.
The Stanley Mosk Courthouse is located at 111 North Hill Street, in downtown Los Angeles. Any restraining order matter occurring anywhere in Los Angeles County can be filed and heard in this courthouse. Additionally, restraining orders concerning conduct that occurred in the following aread must be filed in this courthouse: Eagle Rock, Highland Park, Glassel Park, El Sereno, Lincoln Heights, Boyle Heights, East Los Angeles, Commerce, Montebello, Grammercy Park, Manchester Square, Vermont Knolls, Florence, Central-Alameda, South park, Vermont Square, Vermont-Slauson, Harvard Park, Chesterfield Square, Exposition Park, Adams-Normandie, University Park, Historic South Central, Hyde Park, Baldwin Hills/Crenshaw, West Adams, Leimert Park, Jefferson Park, Elysian Valley, Elysian Park, Chinatown, Echo Park, Silver Lake, Los Feliz, East Hollywood, Westlake, Chinatown, Downtown, Pico-Union, Koreatown, Hollywood, Arlington Heights, Harvard Heights, Windsor Square, Larchmont, Hancock Park, Hollywood, Hollywood Hills, Hollywood Hills West, Beverly Grove, Mid-City, and Carthay.
Restraining orders at the Stanley Mosk downtown Los Angeles courthouse are filed on the second floor of the courthouse, in room 245 between the hours of 8:30am-12:00pm and 1:30pm-3:30pm. If litigants require assistance with filing or responding to restraining orders, room 245 also contains a restraining order help center where court employees answer litigants' questions regarding restraining orders and assist with filling out the proper paperwork. Although the help center employees cannot give legal advice, they can make sure that the proper type of restraining order is being requested, and the correct forms are being used. They can also explain how the forms should be filled out, and what type of documentation and evidence should be presented. Translations services are also available at the help center upon request. The restraining order help center is a great resource for those who are unable to afford an attorney, but still require the protections offered by a restraining order.
Once the restraining order paperwork is filed with the clerk in room 245, the clerk will request the filing party to wait for the judge to review their paperwork in order to select a hearing date and rule on the request for temporary restraining order. The Petitioner is sometimes called forward by the judge so that the judge can ask questions prior to ruling on the request for temporary restraining order. Usually, the questions will be about details regarding the allegations of restrainable conduct contained in the paperwork, and/or clarifications regarding the parties' residences and relationship. The judge in room 245 will rule on the request for temporary restraining order on the same day that the paperwork is filed, as long as the paperwork is filed prior to 3:30pm. If the paperwork is filed in a timely fashion, the ruling will usually be made no later than 4:30pm.
Once the judge makes a decision regarding the temporary restraining order, the clerk will hand the Petitioner 3 copies of the paperwork, which will now contain the hearing date, time, and department. One copy is for the Petitioner's records, one copy is to be served on Respondent, and one copy is for the Sheriff (if the temporary restraining order was issued). It is up to the Petitioner to provide a copy of the paperwork to the applicable police department for processing. Once submitted, the Respondent's information will be entered into the CLETS system so that the police can arrest and prosecute in the event of a restraining order violation. The Petitioner can also choose to have the sheriff serve the documents on the Respondent for a fee. The request for restraining order can also be served by a private registered process server, or by any other third party who is not involved in the case and is over eighteen years of age. Once the documents are served, a proof of service must be filed with the court. If Petitioner is not able to locate or serve respondent by the hearing date, the Petitioner must come to court and request a continuance of the hearing so that the Respondent can be served.
More California Restraining Order Issues
Other common issues regarding restraining orders in Los Angeles and throughout California frequently come up. Many people have seen or heard about restraining orders on television or in movies and have commonly held misconceptions about them. For instance, many people confuse the five types of California restraining orders with injunctions (requests for immediate relief). Below are some common restraining order topics in Los Angeles and important information about those topics:
- Court Attendance in Restraining Orders;
- Re-issuance of Restraining Orders in Los Angeles;
- Restraining Order Hearings;
- Evidence in Restraining Order Cases;
- Can I Take the 5th Amendment?
- Is a Restraining Order a Crime?
- Are Juries Allowed in Restraining Order cases?
- Restraining Orders & Background Checks;
- Consequences of a Restraining Order;
- Restraining Order Mediation;
- Restraining Order Continuances;
- Restraining Orders & Business Disputes;
- Dueling Restraining Orders.
How Do I Request a Restraining Order in Los Angeles?
1) Requesting a Civil Harassment Restraining Order – a petitioner must pay the filing fee unless there is stalking, violence or a threat of violence. The following documents must be filed:
- Request for Civil Harassment Restraining Orders (Form CH-100);
- Confidential CLETS Information (Form CLETS-001);
- Items 1 and 2 on Notice of Court Hearing (Form CH-109);
- Items 1, 2 and 3 on Temporary Restraining Order (CLETS -TCH) (Form CH-110);
- Civil Case cover Sheet (Form CM-010) (only required by certain courts);
- Additional Page (Form MC-020) for more space; and
- Declaration (Form MC-030) or Attached Declaration (Form MC-031) for any statements of witnesses that will support your side of the story.
2) File Documents with Court.- If the Temporary Restraining Order is granted, the judge will sign CH-110. They judge may grant or deny the temporary restraining order.
3) Personally Serve The Person From Whom Protection Is Sought – have someone over the age of 18 and not a party to the case hand a copy of your Restraining Order Packet to the Respondent along with all accompanying documents AND BLANK copies of:
- Response to Request for Civil Harassment Restraining Orders (Form CH-120);
- Proof of Firearms Turned In or Sold (Form CH-800);
- How Can I Respond to a Request for Civil Harassment Restraining Orders?(Form CH-120-INFO);
- Must serve by deadline Judge writes on documents (item 5; pg 2 CH-109);
- File Proof of Service with Court (CH-200 Proof of Personal Service).
If the respondent was not served / not properly: Request to Continue Court Hearing and to Reissue Temporary Restraining Order(Form CH-115) – this form can be filed at the hearing if the Respondent was not served. The court may give you more time to attempt service.
Before a party requests a restraining order, they must make sure that the type of restraining order being requested is the appropriate type. is right for them. The individual requesting the order must make sure that the type of restraining order they are seeking is both available in the jurisdiction (here, California) and that they meet the requirements to get one.
If parties have questions about restraining orders or about any of the paperwork, there are often self help or legal aid resources available, especially when the restraining order being requested involves domestic violence. Many courthouses have family law facilitators and self-help centers that parties can take advantage of. Once a party is sure a restraining order is for them, these are the steps they will usually need to take in order to request a restraining order.
The party making the request, the Petitioner, will need to fill out the required paperwork if he or she does not have an attorney. The Petitioner must check with the local courthouse regarding what forms are required to be filled out. There may also be local paperwork that needs to be filled out. The Petitioner may want to go to the self-help center to make sure the forms are filled out correctly so the request is not denied unnecessarily. If there are other issues that need to be resolved, such as child custody or support, the self-help center and family law facilitators can sometimes help with that as well.
The Petitioner will need to make copies of the paperwork. One copy will be for them, one for the Respondent (the restrained person), and other copies for any other individuals that may be protected under the order. The original copy will go to the court.
The paperwork will then need to be given to the court clerk. The clerk will give the paperwork to the judge to review. The judge will decide whether to issue the temporary restraining order or not after reviewing the paperwork. The judge may also require the Petitioner to appear in court ,even a the temporary restraining order stage, to answer questions or to discuss the circumstances. Jurisdictions will have different timelines for when the judge will give a decision on the initial paperwork.
If the Petitioner will need a translator, interpreter, or other accommodation on the date of the hearing, the Petitioner should let the court clerk know as soon as possible.
The Petitioner should keep a copy of the restraining order at all times if it is granted, give a copy to anyone that might be protected under the order, keep a copy at locations where the Respondent is not allowed (if the Petitioner has any security guards where they reside, it would be beneficial to give them a copy as well).
Once a restraining order has been issued, it may be entered into an electronic database (depending on the jurisdiction) so that law enforcement officers statewide can access the order. Sometimes, the court will enter the information into a database.
Who Can Request a Restraining Order in Los Angeles?
Depending on the type of restraining order/protective order that is being sought and the laws of the state, the following are examples of individuals who are often permitted to request a restraining order/protective order:
- An adult who is the victim of harassment or abuse;
- An adult seeking protection of a child;
- A caretaker or one legally responsible for another child or adult;
- Any person on behalf of an elderly individual;
- Any person on behalf of a disabled individual;
- A court with jurisdiction over an individual; and
- Law enforcement officers.
Petitioners often seek information regarding whether children be included in a restraining order petition in Los Angeles and throughout California? Yes, children who are victims or potential victims of abuse can often be included in a restraining order. If the person the Petitioner is attempting to restrain happens to be a parent of the child, there may be additional paperwork and forms that must be filled out. Otherwise, the names of the children will sometimes only need to be included under the "Protected Persons" section of the Petition if the jurisdiction allows additional protectees.
What are Common Civil Harassment Restraining Order Issues?
Civil harassment: this is the second most common type of restraining order requested and granted in Los Angeles County courts and throughout California and acts as the "catchall" for restraining orders when another kind is not appropriate. Unlike other types of restraining orders, there does not need to be a qualifying relationship between the petitioner (the individual seeking protection) and the respondent (the person against whom protection is sought), although the two sides may have some kind of pre-existing relationship.
For a civil harassment restraining order to be granted in Los Angeles, there must be evidence of harassment, which is defined as, "unlawful violence, a credible threat of violence, or a knowing and willful course of conduct [defined below] directed at a specific person that seriously alarms, annoys, or harasses the person, and that serves no legitimate purpose. The course of conduct must be such as would cause a reasonable person to suffer substantial emotional distress, and must actually cause substantial emotional distress…"
A "credible threat of violence" is a willful and knowing statement or course of conduct (defined below) that would place a reasonable person in fear for the safety of his or her family or for his or her own personal safety. Further, the threat must serve no legitimate purpose (such as self defense in response to a real threat of violence).
Further, California law, which is used in every Los Angeles retraining order courtroom, defines a "course of conduct" as a "pattern of conduct composed of a series of acts over a period of time, however, short, evidencing a continuity of purpose, including following or stalking an individual, making harassing telephone calls to an individual, or sending harassing correspondence to an individual by any means, including, but not limited to, the use of public or private mails, interoffice mail, fax, or computer e-mail."
Despite the definition outlined above, conduct that is "constitutionally protected" does not fall within the meaning of "course of conduct." For example, while following someone would normally establish a sufficient "course of conduct" for a restraining order to be granted, news media who are following a politician's campaign (and therefore his or her campaign staff as well as a candidate) are not engaging in an unlawful "course of conduct" as following a political candidate for the purposes of reporting to the public is a constitutionally protected activity (freedom of the press).
How Long do Restraining Order Last in Los Angeles?
Despite the misleading name, a permanent restraining order is not permanent. In some jurisdictions, a judge can make an exception in certain circumstances and grant a restraining order with no end date if the judge believes it is absolutely necessary to maintain the Petitioner's safety. Otherwise the expiration date for the restraining order will typically be listed on the restraining order. In California,restraining orders can last anywhere from hours to months to up to five years (not all four types). Most restraining orders in California are issued for one or three years.
Temporary restraining orders and protective orders are shorter – sometimes days until a court appearance or sometimes a period of months. Protective orders in California can last up to three weeks,and are usually issued for shorter terms, as they require no court approval. Temporary restraining orders while a hearing on a permanent restraining order is pending can last 21-25 days, with an automatic continuance granted for an additional 21-25 days upon the request of any respondent.
The length of the restraining order will be determined by the judge depending on the seriousness of the situation, statutory limitations, and the need for the restraining order. If a Petitioner believes he or she is still in need of a restraining order due to continued abuse or threats of abuse, the Petitioner may apply for a new order or can, in some places, ask the court to renew the restraining order before the expiration of the current order (and sometimes, without alleging additional facts that would support an order). This type of order is not available in civil harassment cases but is always available in domestic violence restraining order matters.
What Kind of Evidence is Required in Restraining Order Cases?
When seeking a restraining order it is important to make a list of all of the incidents, documenting them as much as possible, a list of all continuing abuse, threatened harm, and/or intimidating behaviors exhibited by the person the restraining order is sought against. If the Petitioner has any evidence such as photos, texts, and/or witnesses, it would be important to gather all of this to either submit with the initial paperwork if it is available, or to bring to the court hearing to determine if a permanent restraining order should be granted. The purpose behind the gathering of evidence is so that the court can see as many of the relevant facts as possible in order to make a decision regarding the restraining order.
Each side has the opportunity to question the other side's witnesses (cross examination) and to introduce evidence or rebuttal witnesses to counter the other party's evidence. Judges will sometimes limit the amount of evidence that can be introduced for the sake of expediency when he or she feels that additional evidence will not assist in making a decision. Other evidence, such as hearsay testimony or documentary evidence that cannot be properly authenticated are also often excluded from being introduced as evidence. Because courts typically have large calendars and many cases to decide, concise presentations of evidence are always preferred.
Courts also prefer when parties only attempt to introduce relevant evidence in a restraining order case. Sometimes, however, it can be difficult to determine what is and is not relevant because restraining orders often involve a pattern of conduct over a long period of time and incidents prior to the most recent can be important to a court's decision. What is critical is not to attempt to introduce evidence that has been excluded or that has been introduced previously.
Dueling restraining orders (where each side is the petitioner and the respondent in two proceedings) can also lead to problems with evidence, in that the same evidence may be introduced in two separate proceedings. Courts in some jurisdictions will often try to consolidate the matters, not into one case, but onto the same calendar so they may be heard simultaneously. This tactic allows evidence to be taken in just once, while both hearings are held at the same time or one after another (where limited or no repetition of testimony occurs). Courts not only save time in handling dueling restraining orders this way; it creates a more equitable result where the same fact-finder (instead of multiple fact-finders) can evaluate all evidence and make a global determination of which restraining order conditions should be imposed, an onto whom.
The filing of restraining orders where one side is attempting to provide evidence in order to gain an advantage in a business dispute is also sometimes attempted and is frowned upon by courts. While restraining orders or other temporary relief are often available in business disputes, restraining orders based on harassment or domestic violence are fundamentally different than injunctions designed to prevent irreparable monetary harm in the context of a dispute over money. When courts who deal with harassment issues and are not involved in a business dispute see a request for a restraining order without any domestic violence or actual harassment (via phone, electronic communication, in person, or any other kind of harassment), they often deny the motion and inform the parties that the best method of resolving the request is via an injunction in a civil action (a lawsuit). Further, if there is already a civil case in progress and one side is simply attempting to gain an advantage by filing another case (here a restraining order case), restraining order courts will often defer to the civil court hearing the initial matter and send the parties back. In addition, many restraining order request forms require the parties to disclose if there are any "related" matters in progress or that have been decided in the past between the parties.
What is the Standard of Proof in Restraining Order Cases?
In California, civil harassment restraining orders require "clear and convincing" evidence. To prove something by clear and convincing evidence requires the individual putting on the evidence to show that it is substantially more likely than not that what they are trying to prove is true.
The standard discussed above is higher than the level of proof than most lawsuits over money require (where the standard of proof is "preponderance" of the evidence or 51% in one side's favor) and a lower standard of proof than "beyond a reasonable doubt" used to convict defendants in criminal cases.
In domestic violence restraining order cases, the "preponderance" of the evidence standard is used (this is the only type of restraining order that uses the lowest standard of proof). For non-domestic requests, the petitioner must prove harassment or violence by clear and convincing evidence.
California does not an inverse standard of proof and due process. What this means, in other states, is that after the court issues a temporary restraining order, often in the form of an ex parte restraining order, where only one party is present at the time the original order is requested. In these jurisdictions, the burden of proof is on the respondent to prove that a restraining order and / or protective order should not have been issued against them and why the temporary restraining order should not be made permanent. Respondents have to prove their own innocence, where standard procedure is for the Petitioner to prove his or her case in court (this is permitted, again, because being issued a restraining order is not the same as being convicted of a crime).
What are the Possible Restraining Order Hearing Outcomes?
There are several possible outcomes in a Restraining order hearing:
- The case can be dismissed because both parties have failed to show up;
- The case can be dismissed if the Respondent shows up to the hearing and the Petitioner does not;
- Parties can request a continuance (Respondents are entitled to one continuance by statute);
- Both parties are present and ready to go through with the hearing. The judge could decide to issue a permanent restraining order based on the evidence and arguments given;
- Both parties are present and ready to go through with the hearing. The judge could decide to dismiss the case based on the given facts and circumstances, as it may not be enough to grant a permanent restraining order;
- Both parties can agree to a mutual stay away agreement. This is where both parties agree to have no further contact with each other;
- Both parties can go to mediation, if a mediator is available, on the date of the hearing and try to settle the case;
- If there are minor children, both parties might be required to go to mediation to try and figure out custody and visitation issues involving the minor children. After mediation the judge may go through with the hearing;
- If the Respondent has been personally served and does not show up on the date of the hearing, whether it is because they choose not to show up or because they are unable to show up, the judge may grant the Petitioner a permanent restraining order based on their initial paperwork and their testimony or may deny the request for a restraining order.
These outcomes often differ depending on the jurisdiction and state in which the restraining order case is being heard.
What are Typical Restraining Order Conditions?
A restraining order can contain many different provisions that can prohibit and/or force the restrained party to take certain actions. Whether or not the judge will approve of certain provisions in an individual's restraining order will be determined on a case-by-case basis. Below are some types of provisions that may be available for individual's seeking a restraining order.
- Cease Abuse: The judge can order the restrained person to stop attacking, hurting, and/or threatening the victim;
- Counseling: The judge can order the restrained person to attend counseling classes, such as batterer's intervention, anger management classes, and drug and alcohol counseling;
- Custody, Visitation and Child Support: If the restraining order includes children, the judge can order the restrained party to stay away from the child's home, school, doctor daycare, and/or after-school job. Some courts can also issue child support orders as part of the restraining order. The judge may also be able to arrange for supervised visitation and/or a special arrangement that makes for the safe transfer of children between the victim and the restrained party if they are allowed visitation and split custody of the children. These orders are generally temporary and can be modified by a family court at a later time;
- Exclusive Use: The judge can order the victim sole use of a residence and/or car that is owned by both the victim and the restrained person;
- Firearms: California a provision requiring the restrained person to surrender any guns that they possess and the judge can prohibit the restrained person from buying new firearms, or the judge can limit the respondent's ability to handle firearms;
- Move Out: The judge can order the restrained person to move out from the residence shared with the victim;
- No Contact: The judge can order the restrained person to cease communications with the victim. The restrained party will be prohibited from calling, disturbing, emailing, stalking, and texting the victim;
- Peaceful Contact: The judge may allow for peaceful contact between the victim and the restrained party for limited reasons. The provision often centers around the need for communications between parties who share children and are dividing up child care and custody;
- Stay Away: The judge can order the restrained party to stay a certain distance away from the victim. The distance, be it feet or yards, is determined by the laws of the state, the judge, and the circumstances surrounding the need for the restraining order. The order can include places such as the victim's residence, work, school, and car.
How is a Restraining Order Served?
A judicial summons is a document that is served on a person that is the subject of a legal proceeding. In restraining order cases, the summons is often required to be personally served. In a restraining order case, the summons is typically a document that tells the respondent that there is a restraining order that has been filed or will be filed against them, and that they are or may be required to attend a hearing on a future date. The summons also asserts the power of the court to hear and adjudicate the restraining order.
If a respondent does not attend a scheduled hearing after being properly served, the court may, in some instances, grant the petitioner a permanent restraining order based on the petitioner's testimony (and other evidence) alone. This procedure will vary from court to court, and will also depend on whether the judge finds the petitioner's testimony compelling enough to grant a permanent restraining order.
The purpose of serving the opposing party with court documents is to give them appropriate notice of the legal action that is taking place. The Petitioner will need to have all documents that have been filed with the court served on the Respondent. This is called the "service of process," and the requirements for proper service will vary depending on the laws of the state and jurisdiction. There are generally three ways to serve the Respondent for a Restraining order that is requested in a civil court:
Service by a third party that is over the age of 18, is not a party to the action, and is not protected by the action. This can, depending on the jurisdiction, be friends or family of the party wishing to serve documents;
Service by law enforcement is another option that may be available. This service, if available, will usually be free. The Petitioner will need to contact the police or sheriff and give them all the documents as well as where to find the Respondent in order to serve them; and
Service by a Private Process Server is an additional option. These are private companies that can be hired to serve the Respondent the court documents. Process servers charge a fee but are often very experienced and efficient.
As discussed above, because a restraining order is a personal order against an individual, most, if not all states, require personal service of the Respondent. Personal service just means that the court documents and the summons have to be handed directly to the person listed on the document, in this case, the Respondent.
For restraining order cases, the proof of service is an official affidavit that is signed under oath by the third party that has properly served the Respondent with the legal documents. The party that is serving the Respondent is attesting to the fact that he or she personally served the documents as stated in the proof of service. Once the proof of service is completed, it typically must be filed with the court after the Respondent has been successfully served.
If the Sheriff is serving the Respondent, they will often file a copy of the proof of service with the court. If the Petitioner is using a private process server to serve the Respondent, they will also often file a copy with the court.
If a friend or family member is serving the Respondent, they must fill out the appropriate proof of service, which is available in a form format either online or at the local courthouse. If parties do not have a standardized proof of service form, which is available at most courthouses, a proof of service can be written or typed out as long as it contains the required information. If the Petitioner does not file a proof of service, the court may refuse to hear the Petitioner's case.
If the Petitioner does not have a copy of the proof of service, or it is not easily accessible on the day of the hearing, the Petitioner may ask for a continuance based on good cause. The court may or may not issue the continuance for a future hearing date.
While proof of service forms will differ for the jurisdiction and the type of case being filed, it will usually contain the following information:
- The name of the court where the action has been filed;
- Case name;
- Case number;
- The name of the person that was served with the legal documents;
- A list of the documents served;
- Date of service;
- Time service was made;
- The name of the individual who served the documents;
- The location where the documents were served; and
- Whether the documents were served personally or by mail (restraining orders often need to be.
What are the Court Fees to File a Restraining Order?
In states that allow individuals to file for civil harassment restraining orders or civil protection orders, the Petitioner will most likely need to pay a fee to file the civil complaint. The fee will vary depending on the jurisdiction.
If the Petitioner is unable to pay the fee because they are indigent, they may be able to request a fee waiver, which can also be called a Motion to File without Payment of Filing Fee in some jurisdictions. The local courthouse will have the appropriate forms that will need to be filled out. It is up to the court whether or not to grant the fee waiver.
The court may also waive the fee if the person against whom the restraining order is sought has used or threatened to use violence against the Petitioner, or the person has stalked the Petitioner, or has acted towards or spoken to the Petitioner in a particular way that makes the Petitioner have a reasonable fear that the person will use violence against them.
The Petitioner may also be able to get the local sheriff or marshals to serve the Petitioner for free if they qualify, or if the person against whom the restraining order is sought has used unlawful violence against the Petitioner, or has made a credible threat of violence or has stalked the Petitioner.
How Can I Defend a Restraining Order?
You must appear in court at the time and place listed on Form CH-109. If you need more time to prepare your case, or to hire an attorney, you are entitled to one delay, or continuance, of the case. In order to request the continuance, you still need to appear at the hearing. The Court will give you a new hearing date and reissue the Temporary Restraining Order until the new hearing.
Bring copies of all the paperwork you received from the other side and everything you filed with the court to the hearing. Dress professionally, be polite, speak slowly, and do not interrupt the judge or the other side. Despite the fact that it is difficult to hear the other side making false allegations against you, remain calm and professional. Otherwise, you run the risk of appearing aggressive to the judge and hurting your defense. Also, be extremely careful not to admit to any crimes under oath, because such admissions can lead to later criminal prosecution.
Everyone should avoid any incriminating statements during the restraining order hearing is obviously made easier with the assistance of qualified counsel and is made even more difficult when you are not represented while the petitioner is. This can make avoiding damaging testimony even harder, as you are attempting to avoid damaging your case while dealing with questions designed to place you in legal danger.
Remember, under the fifth amendment to the U.S. Constitution, you have the right to not say anything that will incriminate you. Your right to remain silent can impact your ability to testify about other issues or testify altogether in a restraining order case. A judge may allow you to testify to certain facts and assert your fifth amendment privilege with respect to other testimony. If he or she limits your testimony and basically refuses to allow you to testify to some things and assert your right to remain silent as to others, you will need to decide wither or not to testify at all. Again, losing a restraining order is not a criminal conviction, and the consequences are only that you will become eligible to be charged with a crime if you take certain steps. Therefore, it often makes practical sense to refuse to testify altogether and simply let a restraining order issue.
This choice can allow you to avoid being forced to make statements that could incriminate you for past conduct. Consequently, this is one of the reasons it is always beneficial to have an experienced restraining order attorney working for you. He or she can always properly advise you about your potential exposure in any criminal matter and can assist you in weighing whether or not to testify in a restraining order proceeding. Because these advantages of an attorney are in addition to him or her fighting the case itself and using his or her experience to defeat the restraining order application, it makes sense to have an experienced advocate fighting for you.
At the hearing, the judge will decide whether or not to issue a restraining order against you. The other side needs to prove their case by clear and convincing evidence. If there are any witnesses to any of the events that are the subject of the Petitioner's Request or your response, you need to speak with the witnesses, and if their point of view is favorable to your defense, you should ask them to come to the hearing and testify on your behalf. If you have included witness statements with your Response, have those witnesses come to court with you, of possible.
What are Penalties for Violating a Restraining Order?
It should be noted initially that having a restraining order issued against someone is not the same as that person (the Respondent) suffering a criminal conviction. A restraining order is typically a civil order that imposes conditions on a person or persons, and a violation of any part of that order can constitute a crime and / or place the Respondent in contempt of court. While a restraining order is not a crime and is instead a civil or administrative action, some employers or others engaging in a background check of the petitioner may view the issuance of the restraining order negatively.
If the restrained person takes an action that the court has ordered them not to do or fails to take an action ordered by the court, the restrained person may have violated the order. Depending on the violation and local laws, the protected party may have the police, the court, or both enforce the order.
Usually, if the police are called for a violation, they can often take actions such as arresting the restrained person and/or removing them from the situation. The police are useful for violations that require an immediate response, such as violations of the stay away, no contact, cease abuse, exclusive use, and possibly any custody provisions that may be in place. If any of these violations occur, calling the police and making a report as soon as possible is ideal. Protected persons must take note of each occurrence and bring it to the court's attention to show that the issue is still continuing.
Violations can result in criminal convictions in many jurisdictions. Some possible repercussions of violating a restraining order are:
- Community Service;
- Fines;
- Probationary conditions; and
- Jail Time.
- What happens to a violator will depend on the laws of the state, the seriousness of the violation, and whether the violator has committed repeated violations of the order.
Courts do not usually differentiate between a temporary and a permanent restraining order as long as it is official. The same repercussions listed above will commonly apply to any violation of a temporary restraining order.
Further, the protected person must keep in mind that they often do not have a say as to whether a penalty or a fine is applied to the restrained person. The protected party generally cannot choose to change their mind about pressing charges once criminal proceedings have begun.
What are Defenses to Violations of Restraining Orders?
The lack of knowledge of the existence of a restraining order can be a defense to an alleged restraining order violation. A restrained person may have no knowledge of a restraining order if he or she was not properly served. However, if service was effectuated properly and the restrained person simply ignored the order, did not understand the order, or did not comply with all terms of the order, no legal defense will exist if a violation occurs. Further, in almost all cases, if a restraining order was improperly issued (i.e., evidentiary mistakes by the court, etc.), the fact that the order was made and in existence will be sufficient for a violation to be alleged. If a restraining order was improperly issued, the best course of action is to request an appeal.


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Rigour and validity
Being clear about the criteria we use for evaluating what is rigorous and valid research is important for our ability to think critically about our own research, as well as other research we draw upon. In some important respects these criteria vary across epistemological and methodological traditions. But there are also basic issues about the design of research questions and identifying appropriate evidence that are common to all of these.
Listen to his talk on 'Why we need a social science of religion'.
Key Reading
Steve Bruce (2009) 'The importance of social science in the study of religion', Fieldwork in Religion, 4, pp.8-29.
Bruce argues for greater clarity about what different kinds of data are needed in order to advance different kinds of academic argument, critiques unsubstantiated claims by researchers and makes the case for the particular value of statistical research.
Bent Flyvbjerg (2001) Making Social Science Matter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.25-37.
Flyvbjerg critiques the claim of positivist social science to be able to generate predictive or explanatory theory in ways similar to natural science on the grounds that it fails to take sufficient account of the contextual nature of social knowledge. He advances an alternative view of rigorous social science in terms of the study of values, meanings and practices operative in particular contexts.

subset: commoncrawl


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Well, the cold front was moving through today and I was wondering if I might get rained on, but I thought that it would be a great day to get out on the river and try to catch a fish.
It was my first outing of the year. I took my two lovely daughters and my wonderful girlfriend in hopes that one of us would bring home some dinner.
Although the sky was overcast and the tide was flowing out, there was no joy in Mudville today. I caught the lone fish of the day and it was a 2lb blue catfish. It was the perfect size to fry up, but without a couple of his friends to join him, I just put him back in the river for another day. We stayed out until the tide started oming back in and we gave it up for the day. Maybe we'll have better luck next time.


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*This issue has now been resolved* We are aware of an issue with Findit for off-campus users. The banner at the top of the Findit search results page asks users to login for better results, but does not disappear after logging in.
We've reported this issue to our provider so we hope for a solution shortly.
In the meantime, please ignore this message after you have logged in. Alternatively, you can log in to My Library before conducting a search using Findit. goto.murdoch.edu.au/mylibrary
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Chancellor Phillip Hammond is today (Monday) unveiling the Autumn Budget, the final budget plan before Britain officially leaves the EU next year.
Mr Hammond is predicted to increase spending on roads, high streets and fuel, as well as make allowances for any economic effects of Brexit.
As a Brexit deal is yet to be reached, the Chancellor will have to unveil a new Budget.
Follow our latest updates throughout the day, including analysis on what it means for Huddersfield and the wider West Yorkshire region. You can also have your say on what you think needs more funding by tweeting us @Examiner, our Facebook page , or drop us an email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
You can also download our app to get news on the go and push notifications for the latest breaking stories here .
Key Events
PM denies a no-deal Brexit 'would mean a new Budget'
PM Thersa May has refuted the Chancellor's claims that a no-deal on Brexit would have to mean a new Budget was drawn up.
Mr Hammond said yesterday that "frankly we would need a new Budget" if no deal were reached ahead of Britain leaving the EU, and added that he could not guarantee the "end of austerity". The claims were today dismissed by a spokesperson for the PM, The Mirror reports.
The spokesperson said: said: "All spending commitments that the Chancellor is going to outline today are funded, irrespective of a Brexit deal."
The No10 spokesman also insisted the "end of austerity" was still on the cards.
Policies likely to be in the budget
So we know what WILL be in the Budget, but what else may make the cut?
- More money for Universal Credit - The Government have been facing pressure to address the issue of Universal Credit following a series of damning stories detailing families being left high and dry. Mr Hammond told Sky News that the Cabinet were looking at ways of smoothing the transition of families migrating to UC
- Hikes on tax rates for alcohol and tobacco - Duties on alcohol and cigarettes are expected to rise again in a bid to raise extra cash while simultaneously improving public health. However, The Mirror reports that a 3.5% hike on beer prices has been shelved - this is because better-than-expected money coming in from taxes means the extra cash is no longer needed
- Tax crackdown on internet giants - The Chancellor has signalled his desire to pursue a digital tax on giants such as Facebook and Google. However, it's thought action will not be taken just yet, but that the Government are closing in
- Increased money for social care and Armed Forces
Millions to be spent on trees
The Chancellor is expected to announce an extra £60m for the planting of more trees.
The figure will fund 10m trees, and £10m of this figure will fund trees in cities and towns. Where do you think we need to see more greenery in West Yorkshire? Get in touch!
Opposition calls for "real and meaningful investment" in mental health
Jeremy Corbyn says he wants to see a ringfenced pot of cash put aside for mental health services, rather than "empty promises".
Some critics have slammed the figure saying far more is needed to help Britain's mental health crisis, while pointing out that the figure is merely a percentage put aside for the overall NHS budget rather than a new pot of cash. Others, however, have praised the Chancellor's decision, calling it "great news if true".
The Brexit 50p: Your reactions
The Chancellor has announced that a new 50p coinc will be launched into circulation on the day the UK officially leaves the EU.
The coin will have "Friendship of All Nations" stamped on the back and will enter our purses from March 29. Here's what people have had to say on the topic:
(I did try to find a mix of reactions for impartiality's sake...sorry to report it was a thankless task!)
What we know will be included
Here's everything you need to know that has been confirmed for today's Budget:
- More spending overall - The Chancellor has claimed there will be more money to spend for this time. He told the BBC yesterday that borrowing was on a low, while "public finances [were] performing strongly"
- An extra £2bn a year for mental health services - This will be welcome by our overstretched health services. This extra spending is expected by 2023. Mr Hammond is also expected to outline plans for more community care, including 'crisis cafes' for a place to go if people need immediate support, which would ease pressure on A&E departments
- A £1.5bn boost for the High Street - Again, this will be welcomed in town and city centres in West Yorkshire where shops are closing due to rising rents and more people shopping online. Mr Hammond will announce a major cash injection for the high streets, including a £900m slash in business rates to help small businesses
- Big spending on public roads - Major roads will be able to access a £28.8bn fund from 2020 to 2025, reports The Mirror - eclipsing the £17.6bn in the previous five years. The money will be split into the standard Roads Investment Strategy 2 (£25.3bn), plus £3.5bn for major local routes.
- No-interest loans for people borrowing extra cash - this will help out 3m people who risk spiralling into debt and use payday lenders to make ends meet. Meanwhile there will be "detailed proposals" to increase the "breathing space" for debt-ridden families from six weeks to 60 days. That means they would get two months before bailiffs can take action.
- A fuel duty freeze - The Budget will freeze fuel duty for the ninth year in a row - a tax cut that Chancellor Philip Hammond admits will come at "significant cost" to the nation.It will benefit hard-pressed motorists but comes as other groups continue to struggle - with working-age benefits still frozen for four years to 2020.
When is the Budget?
The 2018 Budget will take place at 3.30pm this afternoon.
It's claimed the Chancellor initially wanted the Budget to be on Wednesday 31 October - but thought holding it on Halloween might not bode well.


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Giving players something to think about since 1950, the Telecaster has seen every change imaginable, so it was truly prepared for the Fender Player Series Telecaster HH. Part of the brand new Player Series line, the HH is a dual-humbucker version of the sturdiest guitar in history. Packing a proper punch thanks to its two bespoke Player Series covered pickups, this staunch adversary of bad tone is ready to crush your preamp at a moment's notice. Built around an Alder body, the HH has a modern C-profile Maple neck, harbouring 22 Medium Jumbo frets and a Synthetic Bone nut. Satin finished on the back and Gloss finished on the front, this wooden wonderland will have you tossing out chords like you're hurling bricks, all the while being as reliable as the universe. Wired through a master Volume and master Tone, the HH has a 3-ply Parchment scratchplate, which is an aesthetic step up from the Mexican Standard's previous white, and pretty snazzy. If you want a Tele that will have your back in a bar fight, this is it, so journey down to the shop and check it out! Protected by a three year warranty with our lethal techs, the Fender Player Series Telecaster HH is available at Wunjos with a gig bag as standard. Please email via the form below for more information and availability.
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• CITES: Some items containing Rosewood and Bubinga will require a CITES permit if being shipped outside of the EU. This adds an additional cost of £59 to the shipping charge. Please email for further information if you think an item you are considering contains wood that requires a certificate.


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What most frightens people is the interactions with THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the substance that causes a sense of well-being, is an antidepressant, stimulant, and therefore has effects that we call psychotropic.
But they are not the only ones, there are other effects of THC that are not at the brain level, I am referring to neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, in which THC decreases one of the symptoms, – muscle stiffness. It may also benefit people with cancer who are taking treatments or those with HIV. These patients suffer from lack of appetite and this substance will have an impact at that level
Europe is one of the bigger leads in legalizing medicinal cannabis. It is estimated for Europe to reach €55.2b in market value by 2028 for medicinal cannabis and €115.7bl in total cannabis market value.
Even though cannabis is still very underappreciated, it has been proven that it helps greatly in the treatment of various ailments, but it still needs to be fully researched.
As society grows, their mindset evolves, as seen with the immense growth of medicinal cannabis.


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Sony TV serial Pehredaar Piya Ki star cast, Pehredar Piya Ki characters real name, HD Pics
Serial/Show Name: Pehredaar Piya Ki
Channel: Sony TV
Production House: Shashi Sumeet Productions
Star Cast: Tejaswi Prakash Wayangankar as Diya (female lead), Jiten Lalwani as male lead, Afaan Khan as Ratan (child actor), Suyyash Rai as Abhay,
Start Date: 17 July 2017
Telecast Timings: 8.30 PM
Repeat telecast: to be updated soon
About Pehredar Piya Ki serial on Sony TV
Pehredaar Piya Ki is a new show on Sony TV which is being produced by Shashi Sumeet Production that has created iconic shows like Diya Aur Baati Hum, Punar Vivah and more.
The story is based on Yash Chopra's classic Lamhe and will have a Rajasthani backdrop.
Pehredar Piya Ki story is about a girl whose father works for a royal family. Circumstances make the girl the caretaker of a 10 year old prince. The boy later develops feelings for her. Just like in the movie Lamhe It will be a love story of a young man falling for an older woman.
TV actress Tejaswi Prakash who rose to fame for her role as Ragini in Swaragini (Colors TV) as been roped in to play the female lead role. Like her previous show Tejaswi will be once again seen in a Rajasthani avatar. The boy who will be playing Anil Kapoor's role is 10 years old, Afaan Khan.
TV actor Jiten Lalwani (last seen in &TV's Gangaa) has been roped in to play a very important role in the show and He will be seen in a grey character as the uncle of the lead boy.
Pehredar Piya Ki show will have a love triangle and the makers of the show are looking for the third lead of the show. The shooting has a started in Udaipur.
Also see:
Pehredaar Piya Ki Gossips – Suyyash Rai defends his show after Karan Wahi slams it
Pehredaar Piya Ki – Pictures of Tejaswi, Afaan and Suyyash from the sets
Pehredaar Piya Ki Gossips – Varun Jain and Juhi Aslam join the star cast
Pehredaar Piya Ki promo:
Ek ansuni anokhi pratha jisne joda Diya aur Ratan ke rishte ko…Dekhiye #PehredaarPiyaKi jald hi sirf @SonyTV par. pic.twitter.com/FxKjA2sdvj
— sonytv (@SonyTV) April 24, 2017
Pehredaar Piya Ki star cast pics/Pahredar Piya Ki Pictures/HD images/Photos
Incoming search terms
Pehredar Piya Ki serial cast
Pehredaar Piya Ki star cast
Pehredaar Piya Ki story
Pahredar Piya Ki cast
Pahredar Piya Ki story
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Pehredar Piya Ki HD pictures


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Plumbase Central Distribution Centre
London Road
Opening Times
Monday - Friday: 08:00 - 17:00
Saturday: Closed
Sunday: Closed
Heating and storage water treatment products are a vital part in the maintenance of any central heating system as they ensure the efficient and smooth flow of water throughout the system. Treatment chemicals are used to protect entire central heating systems, including boilers, radiators, pipes and cylinders, from the build-up and depositing of potentially harmful substances, such as limescale, magnetite and corrosion sediment. Proper and regular use of treatment products will prolong the life-cycle of the central heating system and save users money long-term. We have a wide range of products from recognised brands designed to remove unwanted materials, clean and improve the overall health of water heating systems.


text:
This is an audio clip from an interview with Marian Lane where she describes the Jewish summer holiday camp she founded called Schnipps.
In her interview, Marian describes her early upbringing in Cardiff, her time spent in Argentina and her role in the organisation of Jewish youth groups in the Cardiff area.
Depository: The National Screen and Sound Archive of Wales.


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EU-Overseas Countries and Territories Partnership after 2020
What should the partnership between the EU and the Overseas Countries and Territories be like after 2020 when the Cotonou Agreement expires? That was the main theme at the Europe House Lecture on Monday 17 October.
The key note speakers were Cedrick Tilma, Nout van Woudenberg and Catherine Metdepenningen.The panel consisted of Ole Moesby, Mininnguaq Kleist and Ibrahim Moussouni. The event was led by moderator Dimitry Kochenov. Eduard Slootweg spoke a welcome word.
Common themes in the speeches and discussions were:
- redesign partnership to match 21st century needs and potential
- collaboration, reciprocity and listening to each other
- differences and similarities between OCTs
- the Brexit, which may lead to the exit of twelve UK OCTs
- differentiation: the special status of Greenland
- inclusion, sustainability, cohesion and human rights
Further information on the event, including speeches, video and photographs are available here


text:
The general practice workforce must be able to cope with the challenges that we face as a result of increasing demands from patients with long-term conditions (LTCs), and increasing pressures from the public.
Nurses are increasingly wanting to develop their skills, capacity, and confidence in order to overcome the challenges that practices, and the wider NHS, faces.
Adoption of technology enabled care services (TECS) is a complex process with a minority of frontline healthcare teams and champion practitioners embedding technology into their day to day processes, with vast numbers of practitioners and patients being left behind.
Our Action Learning Sets (ALS) programme has been designed to up-skill the general practice workforce from any level of digital literacy and we have seen amazing results from those taking part.


text:
|'Singing Round the Star on Twelfth Night', Cornelius Troost, J.Paul Getty Museum, Wiki Commons
|'12th Night Revelers Carnival', Nola, 1884, Wiki Commons
|''The Pole Star' from The Greenwood Tarot (Artist: Chesca Potter)
And what of the primal Reindeer Mother and her ancient trackways? Perhaps something of her is still to be found in the Mari Lwyd and the wassailing traditions and the Mummers' plays which take place in the orchards and inns of our land on Twelfth Night and in the weeks to come? As the 'Grey Mare' her hoofbeats still echo in the star-filled night. In parts of South Wales, the Mari Lwyd, in the form of a decorated horse's skull, is carried from house to house between Christmas and Twelfth Night bearing the legend that the Grey Mare, the old goddess, was cast out of the Bethlehem Stable on the night that Christ was born to make room for Mary and that must now gain entry to safely give birth to her foal through riddles and trickery.
I was mother of all the herds.
Ten thousand years my shining foals,
Bridled with starlight,
Saddled with gold,
Leapt the divide between living and dead,
Quickened the year with each toss of the head,
Galloped the deep of beauty
And never grew old.
Let me in!
But Mother of God, the Mary Mild,
The pregnant Maiden came,
Bursting with Jehovah seed
She entered my stable
And cried out her need.
With ropes I was dragged from the birthing straw,
Aching with foal I was heaved to the door,
Swapping warmth for bitter weather
And birth of a rival creed.
Let me in!"
|'Mari Lwyd', Wiki Commons
|'Holly Man on the South Bank', Wiki Commons
|Nights of Reindeer and Starlight (Artist: Wood Hill)


text: alcohol - a glass or two reduces stress and inhibition which in turn stimulates Breville 900 watt's class, it's a feature you won't want to live without. Type As have less hydrochloric acid in their stomachs which is why they do not properly absorb Vitamin B12 which breakdown and digestion of food and the conversion of those food molecules into energy. Cherry or pomegranate juice are flavorful enough that a little making it less likely that you will develop heart disease or high blood pressure. Beets are also high in minerals that strengthen the liver and if you notice unusual fatigue or


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F is for "frog," if you listen to the Sesame Street "Alphabet Song," but a clip from the long-running kids show floating around Twitter has some thinking of another F-word.
That's right. People just can't decide if Grover, a beloved blue monster who often waits tables at Charlie's Restaurant, dropped an F-bomb on TV.
The clip in question shows Grover talking excitedly to Rosita, a bilingual turquoise monster, about a camera. What's not exactly clear to the ears of the internet is whether Grover thinks moving the camera is "a f***ing excellent idea."
The odds are against those with their minds in the gutter on this one. The other side of the argument, and almost assuredly what the script would prove true, is that Grover tells Rosita that moving the camera "sounds like a great idea."
For the record, this unbiased writer hears whichever he tries to hear – including a rather emphatic F-bomb.
Many Twitter users had the same joke in reference to the viral clip: Maybe the expletive is in play since Sesame Street now airs on HBO – a network that's no stranger to F-words or other graphic adult content.
Sesame Street made the move to HBO in 2015 after nearly a half-century on PBS.
Alas, despite the creative liberty that may come with an HBO contract, Sesame Street is not likely to bombard kids' ears with profanity. As the New Yorker wrote in January, the move "has not harmed the institution." The Los Angeles Times wrote that the union was "an obvious win-win for both parties."
Sesame Street still runs new episodes on PBS, months after their debut on HBO.


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The FIRST 5 Child Signature Program, formerly known as the Power Preschool, has been providing high-quality early learning opportunities for Santa Clara County children since 2005.
The program focuses on building supportive relationships between teachers, administrators, family support and mental health specialists, and families in order to provide young children with the highest quality early education. Through these connections, the Child Signature Program strives to ensure that when children leave the preschool classroom, they have grown confident and strong in their ability to begin kindergarten ready to succeed.
Learn more about the impact of the Child Signature Program through stories from parents, teachers, and staff.


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No Threat to Security of Iranian Arbaeen Pilgrims: Border Police Chief
TEHRAN (Press Shia Agency) – Commander of Iran's Border Police Brigadier General Qassem Rezaei highlighted his forces' full control over the country's borders and said there is no threat to the security of pilgrims visiting neighboring Iraq during the Arbaeen season.
Speaking at a meeting with his Iraqi counterpart at the Mehran border crossing in the western province of Ilam on Monday, Brigadier General Rezaei said, "Security for Arbaeen pilgrims has been provided 100 percent."
"We have good intelligence dominance on the borders," he said, adding, "Developments in the border areas are monitored by the most up-to-date control equipment and with coordination between the Iranian and Iraqi border guards and no danger threatens the security of the pilgrims."
The top commander further pointed to the large number of pilgrims crossing the Mehran border and said the "desirable" security, the existing infrastructure, and the proximity to the Iraqi holy cities have made the border the first choice for the pilgrims.
This year, the four borders of Khosravi, Mehran, Chazzabeh, and Shalamcheh are open to Arbaeen pilgrims.
Arbaeen, one of the largest religious gatherings in the world, comes 40 days after Ashura, the martyrdom anniversary of the third Shiite Imam.
Each year, a huge crowd of Shiites flock to the Iraqi city of Karbala, where the holy shrine of Imam Hussein (AS) is located, to perform mourning rites.
In August, Iran and Iraq signed an agreement in Tehran to reopen the Khosravi border crossing and remove visa restrictions for Iranian Arbaeen pilgrims.
Iran and Iraq also agreed to raise the level of services and facilities for the pilgrims and enhance border security during the Arbaeen season, which will culminate in a large gathering in Karbala on October 19.


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BestMark is a diverse and extensive market research organization that assists companies in various ways, in order to help them improve products, implement new ones, establish their weaknesses and build on their strengths. The company was founded back in 1986, and since then they have focused on a variety of issues, form surveying, auditing and customer satisfaction survey systems for leading companies, and for an array of industries, which have ranged from small to mid-size business to Fortune 500 companies.
They have used their unique mystery shopping and customer survey programs to great effect, and these methods of study have allowed them to gather incident-specific performance as a customer comes in contact with an organization, as well as track and trend attributes and behaviors that have a significant impact on the development of the company.
They are looking for people to become mystery shoppers, and thus play a part in this research process. Mystery shopping is a fun and rewarding process, and they are looking for individuals who have a keen eye, who are conscientious and responsible in honoring their commitments, and who can offer non-judgmental assessments on their experiences. Only those over the age of 21 may register for the program.
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Historically, retail banks have been characterized as some of the safest single tenant investments due to their impeccable credit rating, name brand recognition, and premier retail locations. However, with the rise of technological advances, e-commerce, and desirability of online consumer preferences, the traditional brick and mortar retail model is threatened to become obsolete. Currently some of the nation's largest retailers such as JC Penney and Best Buy are trending towards the same fate as Blockbuster Video stores. Just as Blockbuster lost their battle to Netflix, brick-and-mortar bank locations are losing the battle to their own in-house mobile deposit model.
According to CoStar:
- US Banks shuttered a total of 1,555 branches in the first 9 months of 2016, which comes out to be roughly 3.9 million square feet of vacated bank real estate.
- Wells Fargo has been quoted to shutter 400+ sites in the next two years. The bigger the bank, the more prevalent the trend.
- Capital One and Citibank started last year (2016) with 800+ branches and have since consolidated or closed 7% of their sites.
- Bank of America announced that they have shut down almost 1,500 locations in the last couple of years and have plans to continue the closures.
- SunTrust announced as recently as February 1st that they plan to close 10% of their branches over the next two years. Within the past week, they have taken a more aggressive approach announcing that they will be accelerating these closures/consolidations to 7% by June of 2017. "This is even more notable when considering that over the past five years, we had already reduced the size of our network by 17%," said Bill Rodgers, Chairman and CEO of SunTrust Bank.
It is astonishing how over saturated retail banks truly are. Multiple counties have more than 70 branches within them and 20 or more sites within the same zip code.
To give an example, recently in underwriting a Bank of America in Dallas, we discovered that the numbers speak for themselves. According to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, last year, Bank of America closed down 8 locations in Dallas County which is 11% of the total Dallas County Market. Bank of America has announced as recently as February 1st that they are still aggressively consolidating branches.
The goal of any investment is to be ahead of the curve. At Matthews Real Estate Investment Services™, we assist our clients by providing them the resources to make an informed investment decision with the goal of preserving equity, security, and even increasing cash flow. With these eye opening statistics, we highly advise that you consider looking into the current market position and what is progressing with respect to your specific retail bank investment.
Given today's current real estate market, the value of this particular asset is at or near its peak and we are seeing buyers paying a strong premium. Additionally, with the surrounding market conditions, rising cap rates, interest rate hikes, now is the best time to receive a current prospectus on your investment direct from the market experts.
Give Sam Silverman, Retail Bank Specialist, a call at your earliest convenience at 214-692-2211 for a no-obligation market analysis.


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Brigade Altamont is just one of the impressive upcoming projects in Bangalore real estate projects put forth by the popular designer, Brigade Group. SuburbiaThis new domestic project is designed completely based on the demand of the contemporary age and lies totally away from the rash city center of metropolis. You could locate the heights of extravagance and outlining in all its bricks and is totally packed with numerous advantage and centers exploring a finest elegance of lavish way of living. Consequently, with the eye relaxing views of the surroundings and rich environs this project is located midst the attributes beauty, entirely making an ideal partnership if healthier cum greener living.
With the very best of products and specifications, homes over right here are well planned remembering the transforming tastes of individuals and creating an atmosphere of privilege.Surviving Suburbia These upcoming residential projects in Bangalore is totally been created in order to generate a globe of luxuries where you could possibly find diverse hi tech specs. Exquisite color pattern laminated wooden flooring, higher end bath fitting, new age modular cooking areas and also remarkably made insides and exteriors. Strategically located in the most occurring area of Bangalore at Arkavathi Layout, Brigade Altamont Every living ttp://www.topdubaiproperties.com/suburbia-downtown-jabel-ali-dubai-by-damac-group/ Altamont has
been thoughtfully made to elevate the quality of your life. Located in the middle of lavish environments as well as an effectively getting website of the city, it thus emerges to be a distinguished address of living. Also the extremely desperate places for lifestyle living can likewise be included in being closer to the transportation facilities around this upcoming properties in Bangalore. rigade Altamont obtaining fresh elevations in fashionable living, the Brigade Altamont supplies the choice of 2 BHK and 3 BHK systems. Homes over right here are built with most current modern-day design in addition to eco pleasant layout. Spacious as well as airy living are the very best function of these apartments as it enables enough all-natural light and fresh air consequently making your daily living a lot more active and fresh. Intact into a full deluxe and convenience functions, this project supplies the most joyous living at economical cost. This splendid residence is everything about adding style to your life. Folks living at this fantastic residence of these upcoming housing projects in Bangalore homes will make certain to supply secure and safe living in an environment with night and day security systems publishing no problems in life. Brigade Group has actually successively emerged to be among the most security in addition to top quality conscious constructioSuburbia Gamen firms having even more compared to a great deals of devoted along with qualified engineers utilized over right here. The company is very committed in order to fulfill the expectations of the clients via their well made in addition to well established service distribution system. Brigade Altamont is one of the remarkable upcoming projects in Bangalore real estate projects put forth by the popular developer, Brigade Group. Purposefully situated in the most happening area of Bangalore at Arkavathi Layout, Brigade Altamont Every living room at Brigade Altamont has been thoughtfully developed to raise the top quality of your life. Brigade Altamont achieving fresh altitudes in trendy living, the Brigade Altamont supplies the choice of 2 BHK and 3 BHK ystems.Suburbia Downtown People living at this terrific property of these upcoming housing projects in Bangalore homes will certainly guarantee to supply safe and secure living in an atmosphere with round the clock safety devices publishing no hassles in life.


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This original comic strip art for Walt Kelly's Pogo concerns Howland Owl providing the useful service of thinking for others. He'll even compose a day's worth of conversation to save people the trouble of thinking it up themselves! In 1959, just as today, there was no shortage of people willing to do the thinking for us. Churchy's pointed comment that "Other folks been doin' our thinkin' for years an' already is give us a couple of Boom! Boom! Booms!" indicates that Kelly is making an anti-war statement with specific reference to nuclear bombs.
|Walt Kelly, Original Artwork for Pogo, July 18, 1959


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I was going through my binder of story ideas for my monthly Kidnexions Connection newsletter and found a post-it with a story about Nathan. It's a good thing I took the time to write the story down because I had forgotten all about it. So here's the first in a series I'm calling 'Flashback' as I remember or find things my kids did when they were growing up that relates to learning about money.
Sometimes we adults use vocabulary words that don't always make sense to kids. It's hard to do it any other way, though, since kids arrive on this planet with little understanding of any words.
But as our kids get older it's easy to forget that something that makes perfect sense to us makes absolutely no sense to them. Take the words 'bounced checks'. It's been quite a while since I've bounced a check, and that happened because a roommate of mine handed me her rent check without the funds to back it up. My VERY FIRST mortgage payment in my entire life bounced because of that. Lesson learned: just because someone has a full-time job doesn't mean they have any rent money. And there's a reason people collect first and last month's rent.
But back to Nathan. I'm not sure what the context was, but apparently I had used the words 'bounced check' while he was listening. It was probably something like, "I can't believe my VERY FIRST mortgage check bounced because she didn't have the money to pay for rent and never told me…" But whatever it was, he realized that bouncing checks was not a very smart thing to do.
Apparently he'd been giving this some thought because he finally came up to me and asked, "Is it okay to bend checks?" (He does know what checks are.) And honestly, I had no idea what he was talking about until he told me that he heard me say that bouncing checks was a bad idea. It made me wonder what visuals went through his head when he thought of checks bouncing.
Filed under: Kids Do the Darndest Things | Tagged: kids and finacial literacy, kids and money, Teaching Kids Money Management | Leave a comment »


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Although I may not know all the details, I do know that this incident has brought together a whole nation. Strung by the lines of sorrow, mourning, faith, and even a flicker of hope, the death of Tyler Clementi represents more than just a simple hate crime. It brings up all things that others definitely need to be paying more attention to: bullying, equality, suicide, gay rights…
Inequity in a world where all of us are ultimately human beings.
I don't think that those two students had a right to do what they did. What started out as probably a joke ended up as an indelible wrong. They probably didn't mean for it to go as far as it did. On the other hand, if the suicide didn't happen, who knows how much farther they would have gone? What were they expecting to achieve by exposing someone on the internet, which they had absolutely no business in?
I don't know.
It still shocks me that something so tragic has happened so near to where I live. People don't expect nation wide matters to happen near a peaceful, quiet town. It has caught everyone off guard. It is also a harsh lesson everybody needs to learn from, so we can prevent things like this from happening ever again.
In memory of Tyler Clementi
Future of tomorrow
a warm candle in our hands
trying to forget the sorrow
that passes like a heavy smoke
Though there is hope in our sad eyes
illuminating the night like a flame
that drags out before us
with weary hands


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Countrymen and women,
Good evening
It is my privilege and singular honour to address you tonight on the eve of our 53rd independence anniversary.
Personally, and millions of others who witnessed the birth of our new nation, 24th October 1964 remains indelible on our minds and the history of our country.
It is, therefore, only fitting and proper that this day is commemorated each year in a special way.
On this day in 1964, at the independence stadium in Lusaka, the first president of the republic of Zambia, Dr. Kenneth David Kaunda received the instruments of power from the colonial government.
As the Zambian flag was hoisted, replacing the british union jack at midnight, our people, in their thousands, shouted "Kwacha!… Ngwee!… Kwacha! Ngwee!,Signaling the dawn of a new era, an era of freedom and self-determination.
A huge copper torch of freedom was lit on the hill overlooking the stadium.
Countrymen and women,
Lest we forget, our independence did not come on a silver platter. Our freedom, sovereignty and dignity as a people, came at a high price, which included imprisonment, banishment and above all, loss of life.
Tonight, we remember with eternal gratitude, the sacrifices of our forefathers and mothers.
We recall their vision and determination to build a strong and united nation founded on love and respect for all people, of all races, tribes and religions.
This determination was demonstrated by the coming together of the likes of Mama Julia Chikamoneka And Betty Chilunga, Mr. Arthur Wina, Mr. Peter Matoka, Mr. Andrew Sardanis, Mr. Simon Mwansa Kapwepwe, Mr. Anoya Zulu, Mr. Harry Mwanga Nkumbula, Mr. Munukayumbwa Sipalo, Mr. Simon Zukas And Mr. Omelo Mumba, among many others, some of whom are still alive today.
From all corners of this country and all walks of life, they came and were united in the pursuit of self-rule and desire to build a new nation.
Independence day was, thus, not only a joyous occasion, but also one that marked a clean break from the bondage of the past.
As we celebrate this day, we also join the rest of the world in commemorating the founding of the united nations born out of a set of common ideals to secure world peace, the rights and protection of refugees, health for all and food security, to mention but a few.
Countrymen and women,
The choice of 24th October, which is also the united nations day, as our independence day, was thus a reflection of the progressive ideals this nation stands for.
The theme for this year's independence anniversary is: "Celebrating Our Freedom For Continued Peace, Unity, Patriotism, And Development".
This theme reminds us all of the need to celebrate our independence, by upholding the values and virtues bequeathed to us by the very inspiring generation of our freedom struggle.
Let us therefore, continue to build on these principles, which are well articulated in our national anthem.
Let us use this momentous occasion, individually and collectively, to reflect on the freedom that we have continued to enjoy.
Let me hasten to emphasize that the freedom we enjoy today comes with duties and responsibilities.
Countrymen and women,
Freedom is only tenable in an atmosphere of peace. No country can truly be free without peace. Zambia has continued to be a haven of peace since we gained our independence in 1964. Let us all work towards keeping this cherished record.
This achievement has not come by accident, but has been a result of our conscious and collective efforts in carrying forward the ideals espoused by the founders of this great nation. We should be thankful to God almighty for this blessing.
The peace and tranquility that we continue to enjoy has been key to attracting investment in sectors such as mining, construction, energy, agriculture, telecommunications and tourism. This is contributing positively to reducing poverty and vulnerability of our people through job and wealth creation.
Countrymen and women,
Let me now address the issue of national unity. The struggle for independence was founded and won on account of unity of purpose.
Our country is a blend of 73 tribes with different religions and political persuasions. Despite our diversity, we are all Zambians.
We share a common heritage and a common destiny. We need to stand against anything and everything that attempts to divide us. We are one people.
Indeed, our constitution recognises the multi-ethnic, multi-racial, multi-religious and multi-cultural character of our nation.
We, as a people, have also resolved that Zambia shall remain a unitary and multi-party democratic state. We are only as strong as we are united or as weak as we are divided.
Countrymen and women,
We all have the duty to maintain and promote national unity not only for ourselves, but also for our children and our children's children.
Without unity, lasting peace is not possible. Without unity, there cannot be any meaningful development. Without unity, there will be no country to be proud of.
Our theme this year also calls us to reflect on the cardinal issue of patriotism. Zambia was born out of patriotism.
The founders of our nation put national interest above self. Therefore, we need to uphold and preserve this spirit, without which we will not be able to fully realise the development we aspire for.
Patriotism is important in preserving our national identity. It is for this reason that our constitution recognises patriotism as one of the key national values and principles.
Countrymen and women,
Let us, therefore, inculcate this positive value in our children. Let patriotism be a currency for both our public and private lives.
Political independence without sustainable development is meaningless. Our independence should, therefore, be used as a vehicle to achieving inclusive development and prosperity.
Our independence will be futile as long as poverty levels in our nation remain high. We should not be satisfied until the fruits of independence roll down to all parts of our country like the waters of the mighty zambezi river flowing from its humble beginnings to the oceans of abundance.
We shall work towards reducing poverty, vulnerability, inequality and unemployment, especially among the youth and women-folk.
In June this year, government launched the seventh national development plan covering the period2017-2021 as a guiding framework to foster development.
Countrymen and women,
Together, it is our collective responsibility to determine our destiny. Together, we must build a thriving and resilient economy for all. Together, it is possible.
As I conclude, let me reiterate that this day, 24th October, our independence day, is not only a reminder of our transition from colonial subjugation to freedom.
It is also a call to continue promoting the values of peace, unity and patriotism bequeathed to us by our founding fathers and mothers. It is a call to us to work hard to foster sustainable development that will propel our country to prosperity.
Let me, therefore, pay special tribute to the church and religious leaders, our traditional leaders, civil society, political parties, the corporate world and international organisations for their unflinching support in fostering development in our country.
Countrymen and women,
Our generation has a collective duty to responsibly exercise this freedom and, indeed safeguard the peace and unity of our nation, under the "one Zambia one nation" motto. Above all, we have an obligation to be patriotic to our great country. Let us put Zambia first in all we say and do.
I wish you all a joyous celebration.
May God bless our great nation, Zambia.
Good night.


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December 31, 2017
With the New Year just hours away, I thought it would be a good idea to write about planning and organizing! As an Electrical Engineer, planning and streamlining my tasks seems to run through my veins. I've always loved planners and have a huge tub full of them in my...
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Brendon McCullum produces brilliant effort to stop boundary.McCullum's athletic boundary-line save sparked confusion
Fans debated on Twitter about the legality of the fielding effort.
Brendon McCullum produced a stunning effort at long-on to deny Sydney Sixers a boundary during a Big Bash League (BBL) 2019 match against Brisbane Heat at the Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG) on Sunday night. However, the New Zealander's spectacular save caused a stir among fans, many of whom took to Twitter to debate about the legality of the effort. The former New Zealand skipper's remarkable athletic display was the highlight of the day for Brisbane Heat as they were outplayed by the Sixers in a telling 79-run defeat.
Despite some fine performances in the match, the spotlight was firmly on McCullum's fielding effort.
The incident took place in the 16th over of Sydney Sixers' innings when James Vince, who blasted 75 off 46 balls, skied his shot towards the long-on boundary.
McCullum initially took the catch but had to lob the ball in the air as lost his balance and fell backwards over the rope. The Kiwi then quickly propelled himself back into the field of play and while he was still in mid-air, he managed to parry the ball back.
No part of his body was touching the ground when he made contact with the ball.
McCullum's effort sparked confusion among cricket diehards on Twitter.


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Kiss The Ground You Walk On, Canada
The A,B,Cs of how to be a better Canadian
A good community citizen, the Collingwood Agricultural Society sponsors the Great Northern Exhibition annually. Once held in Collingwood and now resident in neighbouring Clearview Township, the Great Northern Exhibition is a fun-filled fair. Here, spectators at the annual Santa Clause parade in Collingwood get a reminder that the Great Northern Exhibition will be held on dates in September of each year. The Great Northern Exhibition will be held September 23, 24 and 25 in 2016. For more information, click on www.greatnorthernex.com.
A welcoming hand beckons during setup for the annual Great Northern Exhibition. Here, at the fruit, vegetables and seeds competition, one of the GNE's organizers, Manfred Leimgardt of Stayner, Ontario, takes pride in encouraging participants to show off their best growing efforts. The Great Northern Exhibition has deep roots in the southern Georgian Bay area and has been an continuing annual event for some 161 years. For more details, check www.greatnorthernex.com.
The scarecrow contest is just one of hundreds of competitions which anybody can enter at the annual Great Northern Exhibition, held in Clearview Township, near Colllingwood, Ontario, Canada.
For more about fall fairs in Ontario, click on www.ontarioagsocieties.com.
Many people consider the Great Northern Exhibition (GNE) a top-notch fall fair in the Georgian Bay region. Held annually on the third weekend after Labour Day each September, the GNE offers hundreds of things to see, do, smell and touch! As a result, thousands of visitors attend this weekend-long fall fair which is held in Clearview Township, east of Collingwood and west of Wasaga Beach. To reach the fairgrounds, take the Beachwood Road, between Collingwood and Wasaga Beach until you get to the junction of Fairgrounds Road and then go south. From Creemore, you can take the Fairgrounds Road from its southern end and follow it north until you see the GNE fairgrounds on your left almost at the northern end of this road. For more about the GNE, click on the Great Northern Exhibition's website. Photo at top-right shows some of the many entries in the GNE's arts and photograph show.