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The Millennium Development Goals prompted renewed international attempts to cut down under-five mortality and step advancement at the national degree. However, light grounds exists about the distribution of kid mortality at low sub-national degrees, which in diverse and decentralized states like India are required to inform policy-making. This survey estimates alterations in under-five and neonatal mortality across a scope of markers of unfairnesss in Orissa and Madhya Pradesh, two of India 's largest, poorest, and most deprived provinces. Estimates were computed utilizing seven datasets and inequalities were gauged by comparing of mortality rates within four sub-state populations defined by the undermentioned features: rural-urban location, ethnicity and wealth. Swerve estimates suggest that advancement has been made in neonatal and under-five mortality rates at the province degrees. However, decrease rates have been modest, peculiarly for neonatal mortality. Different mortality rates are observed across all the equity markers, although there is a form of convergence between rural and urban countries, mostly due to inadequate advancement in urban scenes. Disparities between caste/ethnic and socioeconomic groups are besides apparent. Polices aiming rural populations and scheduled caste and folk groups appear to hold achieved some success in cut downing mortality derived functions, but less advancement has been made in cut downing under-five and neonatal mortality rates for the urban hapless and near-poor. The consequences of this survey therefore add weight to recent authorities enterprises aiming these groups. Equitable advancement, peculiarly for neonatal mortality, requires go oning attempts to beef up wellness systems and overcome barriers to place and make vulnerable groups.
Keywords: MDG 4, under-five mortality, neonatal mortality, wellness inequalities, India
Equation Chapter 1 Section 1
Approaching 2015, proctor advancement towards the Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs ) have going more of import, particularly in states where small or no advancement is being made toward this end. The monitoring and rating procedure requires up-to-date and accurate estimations of both national and subnational kid mortality rates. While there have been surveies on the positive advancement toward the MDG 4 at the regional and national degree ( ADBG et al. , 2011 ; Lozano et al. , 2011 ; Pacific Island Forum Secretariat, 2011 ; UNICEF, 2012 ) , supervising intra-country advancement and inequality, particularly by the disadvantageous groups, has received much less attending ( Mulholland et al. , 2008 ) . Additionally, surveies with the subject of inequalities in wellness services and outcomes has focused chiefly in wealth-based spread ( Barros et al. , 2012 ; Boerma et al. , 2008 ; Hosseinpoor et al. , 2011 ) while it has been suggested that supervising unfairness requires utilizing other equity markers such as geographics and ethnicity ( Bauze et al. , 2012 ; Mulholland et al. , 2008 ) .
The province of kid wellness and mortality are obviously related to residential location, and surveies have documented the comparative differences in wellness service use and hazard of wellness and mortality between urban and rural countries ( Balarajan et al. , 2011 ; Dancer et al. , 2008 ; Fotso, 2006 ; Khanam et al. , 2011 ; Nielsen, 2004 ) . ( Mulholland et al. , 2008 ) reported that harmonizing to the study informations from 63 developing states informations by the United Nations Children 's Fund ( UNICEF ) , rural communities suffer 52 % higher child mortality rates than urban communities. Another of import determiner of unfairness is ethnicity ( Gellner, 2007 ; Mulholland et al. , 2008 ; Say & A ; Raine, 2007 ) . Child-rearing patterns, understanding on the causing of disease and attitude toward modern interventions have major factors explicating the inequality in kid endurance between cultural groups ( Mulholland et al. , 2008 ) .
India contributes to about a one-fourth of under-five deceases and a 3rd of neonatal deceases of the universe ( Lozano et al. , 2011 ; United Nations Children 's Fund, 2011a, 2011b ) and inequality is one of the of import characteristics India due to the state 's societal stratification, ecological-cultural diverseness and big geographical country ( Shah, 2010 ) . Unfairness in child wellness results has been documented between the provinces of India, and amongst wide equity markers within India, such as rural-urban location, caste/ethnicity and wealth ( Balarajan et al. , 2011 ; Subramanian et al. , 2006 ) . For case, infant mortalities and childhood diseases, such as anemia, are well higher in rural countries, amongst Scheduled Castes and Tribes[ 1 ], and among kids of hapless families ( Vikas Samvad 2010 ; Balarajan et al. , 2011 ) . However, less is known about equity tendencies within provinces and whether any advancement in cut downing unfairnesss has occurred of late.
Amongst India 's 28 provinces, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh ( MP ) are amongst provinces that have the highest incidence of poorness, particularly in the urban countries, weak substructure and high degree of birthrate ( Government of Madhya Pradesh, 2002 ; Government of Orissa, 2004a ) . Together, they rank within the top three highest provinces in footings of under-five mortality rates ( United Nations Children 's Fund, 2010 ) , with degrees similar to Zimbabwe and Kenya ( Kumar et al. , 2012 ) and these rates have remained high over the last decennary ( Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, 2009 ) . The mean income of 50 per cent of Orissa 's population that unrecorded below the poorness line is lower than that of the population below the poorness line nationally ( Babu et al. , 2005 ) . Additionally, its rate of diminution in poorness ratio since the 1990s is lower than the national norm, doing Orissa staying the poorest of all the Indian provinces ( Shah, 2010 ) . Although making economically better than Orissa, the general wellness position of the MP population is besides unsatisfactory. The male and female life anticipation was the lowest amongst the major provinces in India ( Vikas Samvad, 2010 ) . It is merely 2nd to Orissa in footings of highest maternal and infant mortality rates ( Registrar General of India, 2005 ) . MP besides have highest rates of child malnutrition ( Gulati, 2007 ) , and one of the worst in the universe ( Ghosh, 2009 ) .
Both Orissa and MP have a comparatively big Scheduled Castes ( SC ) / Scheduled Tribes ( ST ) populations, history for 16.5 / 22.1 per cent and 15.2 / 20.3 per cent ( SC / ST ) , severally. The tribal population is by and large the most deprived societal group due to their crude economic systems ( Panigrahi et al. , 2005 ) . A strong grounds of this is the higher incidence of poorness among the tribal population as compared to the SC population and the general population. The literacy rate and gender para has been the lowest amongst the ST and the highest among Other castes ( Government of Madhya Pradesh, 2002 ; Government of Orissa, 2004a ) .
Since the early 2000, both the Governments of Orissa and MP have put in topographic point assorted medium-term wellness policies and programmes, under which several schemes and action programs for the wellness sector development have been highlighted. A major aim of these policies is to better equality in wellness attention across parts, and for the hapless and disadvantaged societal groups of STs and SCs ( Government of Madhya Pradesh, 2002 ; Government of Orissa, 2004a ) . These attempts are complemented by the National Rural Health Mission of the Indian Government, of which the end is to better the handiness of, and entree to, quality wellness attention for all, with a focal point on those shacking in rural countries, the hapless, adult females, and kids.
In this context, several inquiries can be raised on the just advancement of under-five and neonatal mortality decrease at the sub-state degrees. What are the differences, if any, in the degrees and rates of decrease between rural-urban populations, caste and wealth groups, and territories? Would each of these sub-populations achieve the MDG 4? And should we anticipate the mortality spread between those population near in the close hereafter? In a state like India, and provinces like Orissa and MP, where limited advancement toward poorness obliteration and wellness betterment, it is indispensable to hold accurate and up-to-date estimations of province and sub-state kid mortality rates and mortality spreads. Identifying those inequalities are of peculiar importance, since, at all right degrees of disaggregation, such information provides policy shapers information on the early impacts of recent enterprises, such as the NRHM, and counsel for future scheduling and policies to run into the MDG 4.
In this paper, we aim at replying some of those inquiries by gauging the degrees and tendencies in under-five and neonatal mortality rates for rural-urban, caste/ethnicity and socioeconomic populations within Orissa and MP. While the selected equity markers are standard harmonizing to the India 's literature ( Gang et al. , 2006 ; International Institute for Population Sciences & A ; Macro International, 2007 ; International Institute for Population Sciences & A ; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2010 ; Pande & A ; Yazbeck, 2003 ; Pradhan & A ; Arokiasamy, 2010 ) , our survey is the first one of its sort as this is the first clip degrees and tendencies of mortality rates from 1990 are produced for province and sub-state degrees. This paper besides provides important grounds on India 's patterned advance towards the MDG, since relentless within-country unfairnesss cut down the effectivity of the national aim of bettering supports. We, nevertheless, do non take at explicating the beginnings of mortality differences via multivariate analysis, which would be a good survey for the hereafter.
It has been suggested that no individual beginning of Datadata and method can to the full capture the scope and quality of information required for the monitoring of wellness inequalities. A scope of informations should be used to countervail single informations failings, which can finally beef up the quality and efficiency of overall coverage on wellness results. The statement is The first chief informations beginning was the Demographic Health Surveys ( DHS ) series – known as the Indian National Family Health Surveys – conducted in India in 1992-93, 1998-99, and 2005-2006. every bit valid when it comes to mortality The sampling design was a systematic, graded random sample of families, with two phases in rural countries and three phases in urban countries. appraisal methods. In this paper, we collate all available datasets for In 1992-93, a close ( 99 % ) nationally representative sample of 89,777 ever-married adult females aged 13-49 were interviewed from 88,562 families, with 6,254 ( 5,857 ) and 4,257 ( 4,602 ) adult females ( families ) from MP and Orissa, severally. In 1998-99, the nationally representative sample of 89,199 ever-married adult females aged 15-49 from 91,196 families was collected, including 6,941 ( 6,749 ) and 4,425 ( 4,689 ) adult females ( families ) from MP and Orissa, severally. Last, in 2005-06, a national sum of 124,385 adult females aged 15-49 from 109,041 families were sampled, with 6,427 ( 5,488 ) and 4,540 ( 3,910 ) adult females ( families ) from MP and Orissa, severally. The 2nd chief informations beginning used was the District Level Household and Facility Surveys ( DLHS ) series undertaken in 1998-99, 2002-04, and 2007-08. The DLHS is a aggregation of nationally representative family studies, chiefly conducted to supervise and measure the execution and operation of the Reproductive and Child Health plan across the territories of India. India utilizing kid reported to decease after the interview day of the month ) . The aggregation of datasets resulted in a sample period from 1990 to 2007. Estimates were produced at the province degree and across four equity markers: urban-rural location, ethnicity, wealth, and territories. assorted methods to gauge under-five and neonatal mortality rates.
Mortality Estimation
We followed the mortality method developed by Rajaratnam, Tran, et Al. ( 2010 ) to gauge under-five and neonatal mortality rates, which was used to gauge mortality rates merely at the national degree for 70 states. Here, we adopted the method for both province and sub-state degrees in order to gauge the tendency and mortality differences between population groups, marked by geographical location ( rural vs. urban ) , caste/ethnicity ( Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Others ) and socioeconomic criterion ( three wealth groups ) .
The Rajaratnam, Tran, et Al. ( 2010 ) 's method combines estimations from complete birth history ( CBH ) and drumhead birth history ( SBH ) into a concluding appraisal of under-five and neonatal mortality rates ( i.e. , pooling method ) . CBH requires elaborate information about single kid of all time borne by a adult female with respects to month and twelvemonth the kid was born, if the kid is alive at the clip of interview and if the kid is non alive, the age at decease of the kid ( by months ) . In the absence of CBH, under-five mortality rates ( U5MR ) can be indirectly estimated from SBH while neonatal mortality rates ( NMR ) is derived from U5MR. While less preferable compared to CBH, SBH requires merely two pieces of information: the entire figure of kids a adult female has of all time born, and the entire figure of kids that are alive at the clip of the interview.
Complete birth history
The execution of CBH requires the pooling of informations from all DHSs and DLHSs and reconstituting the datasets such that the life of each kid is quantified into months of observation, where a binary variable indicates if the kid is alive or died each month of the first five old ages of the kid 's life. Using the person-month construction, survival rates, accounting for trying weights, were computed for the age groups: 0-1 month, 1-11 months, 1-2 old ages, 2-3 old ages, 3-4 old ages, and 4 years-59 months. The U5MR are derived by uniting the endurance rates from all the age groups and deducting from one, while the NMR are likewise computed by deducting the endurance rate for the first age group ( 0-1 month ) from one. Due to the comparative rareness of ascertained deceases, biennial period ( alternatively of yearly ) is recommended for precise estimations. Then the two-year period estimations is converted to a uninterrupted series utilizing Loess arrested development with a smoothing parametric quantity ( bandwidth ) of 0.75 ( Cleveland & A ; Loader, 1996 ) . Assurance intervals are accordingly generated by running for each time-period/age-category 1,000 simulations of the survival chance by presuming a binomial distribution where the chance of success ( P ) is equal to the average endurance chance and the sequence N is equated to the figure of person-months observed in the time-period/age-category. The concluding estimations of U5MR and NMR by CBH are so computed for each time-period in each simulation and the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles from the lower and upper assurance bounds for each time-period.
Drumhead birth history
In the absence of CBH, under-five mortality rates were indirectly estimated from SBH utilizing the combined method developed by Rajaratnam, Tran, et Al. ( 2010 ) that incorporates the cohort-derived and period-derived techniques into a individual step. The full set of four available methods are utilized: the clip since first birth cohort-derived method ( TFBC ) , the maternal age cohort-derived method ( MAC ) , the clip since first birth period-derived method ( TFBP ) , and the maternal age period-derived method ( MAP ) . A combined SBH step for U5MR was created by using Loess arrested development a smoothing parametric quantity of 0.5, in which we perform 1,000 simulations from the multivariate normal distribution described by the point estimations and variance-covariance matrices for the coefficients in each of the four methods. From these simulated sets of coefficients, we compute U5MR estimations and standard divergences ( of the 1,000 loess series ) . These standard divergence is so multiply this by 4 to reflect the fact that the standard mistake is unnaturally deflated by a factor of one-quarter since all the available information is utilised a sum of four times. This corrected criterion mistake is so used to gauge a 95 % assurance interval. Finally, we applied multipliers to the standard mistake of the drumhead steps to guarantee that the lower edge of the uncertainness coverage was at least 95 % . This more conservative attack is a alteration from the process detailed by Rajaratnam, Tran, et Al. ( 2010 ) . It places a larger likeliness of over-estimating U5MR, ensuing in broad asymmetrical assurance intervals.
To change over the SBH estimations of U5MR into NMR, the relationships between U5MR and NMR rates were explored utilizing province and sub-state direct estimations of the mortality rates from the other datasets with CBH ( Murray et al. 2007 ) . This was achieved utilizing three stairss. First, U5MR and NMR were transformed into logit infinite. Second, in this infinite a hierarchal theoretical account with random intercept and random incline was fitted at the province and sub-state degrees to associate NMR to U5MR. The theoretical account was so used to foretell NMR in logit infinite from the SBH-based U5MR estimations. Finally, the NMRs were transformed back into their proper values. This attack consequences in instead ample uncertainness bounds since a figure of beginnings of uncertainness are taken into history ( i.e. uncertainness from the CBHs, the SBHs estimations, and the logit theoretical account itself ) .
Crude decease rate
The concluding type of estimated U5MR was derived from the SRS utilizing rough decease rate method. The SRS merely provided under-five rough decease rates aggregated across both sexes by province. Consequently, we applied the normally used technique outlined by Preston et Al. ( 2001 ) to change over the rough decease rates to mortality rates.
Combine estimations and projection
Having produced assorted three types of estimations of U5MR and NMR from the different informations beginnings utilizing either direct appraisal, indirect appraisal, or through transitions from rough decease rates, we produced a individual drumhead step following the technique developed by Murray et Al. ( 2007 ) , which averages all the calculators into one calculator across clip, and which has been updated in recent old ages ( Lozano et al. , 2011 ; Rajaratnam, Marcus, et al. , 2010 ) . In brief, the drumhead step is computed via a modified version of Loess arrested development that subsumes the pick of the smoothing parametric quantity into the uncertainness, therefore extinguishing the demand to take a smoothing parametric quantity. We followed the methods of Murray and co-authors with a few alterations as outlined below.
We adapted the basic theoretical account:
by gauging the followers:
where 5q0 is under-five mortality, T is the calendar twelvemonth, VR is a dummy variable for critical enrollment system, and S is a dummy variable for the study type ( e.g. all DHSs are considered to be one study type ) . The intercept for the concluding calculator is taken to be the reverse discrepancy weighted mean of the coefficients on each silent person variable of S, which means that the overall degree of child mortality is more to a great extent influenced by the more precise study types.
We besides somewhat modified the standard tricubic burdening used in Loess arrested development processs to guarantee that utile information in the tendencies of child mortality is non eliminated. Specifically, allow one denote the index of the point of involvement, j denote the index of the point with the lowest weight, W denote the weight, and Dj denote the distance from the point of involvement. Then,
We so produce the additive prognosiss based on recent clip tendencies. Since the prognosis appraisal for each population group within an equity marker is done independently, it allows for the likeliness of mortality divergency in the long term. This implies that we may detect increasing inequality between population groups. In extra, we may non capture the possible impact achieved via intensified attempts to cut down child mortality in certain countries or by aiming specific sub-populations. The ground is that some of such policies and attempts were introduced near to the latest dataset that we have, and their impact have non yet shown clearly within the population.
Last, while the original theoretical account captured legion beginnings of uncertainness – for illustration, the uncertainness associated with the theoretical account parameters – it does non take into history informations uncertainness arising from uncertainness associated with each study measuring, which is a step of the truth of the calculator. For illustration, an calculator with big uncertainness will hold less weight, and an calculator with little uncertainness will hold more weight. In our methods, we did capture this information uncertainness. Since the concluding calculator 's uncertainness is already big largely due to the smoothing parametric quantity uncertainness, adding informations uncertainness would do the concluding calculator 's uncertainness to be even larger. Therefore, the uncertainness coming from the pick of the smoothing parametric quantity was eliminated – a smoothing parametric quantity of 0.5 was chosen for equity markers with merely one beginning of informations, and a smoothing parametric quantity of 0.25 was chosen for equity markers with multiple beginnings. This is non an uncommon pattern as nonlinear local arrested development was historically developed as a tool where the user chooses the smoothing parametric quantity and checks the stableness of the consequences via a sensitiveness analysis.
We utilised seven micro-datasets, amongst a sum of eight studies reviewed and validated ; they include two study series – the National Family Health Surveys and the District Level Household and Facility Surveys – that contain kids mortality faculties and a Sample Registration System with information on petroleum decease rates.[ 2 ]
The first chief informations beginning was the Demographic Health Surveys ( DHS ) series – known as the Indian National Family Health Surveys – conducted in India in 1992-93, 1998-99, and 2005-2006. These studies provide consistent and dependable estimations of mortality and birthrate, household planning, the use of maternal and child wellness attention services, other related wellness indexs, and socio-economic steps. The trying design was a systematic, graded random sample of families, with two phases in rural countries and three phases in urban countries. Unequal sample sizes were collected per province depending on the size of the province, resources available for the study, and the desire for sub-population estimations, for illustration provinces, urban/rural, or metropolitan metropoliss ( International Institute for Population Sciences & A ; Macro International, 1994, 2000, 2007 ) . In 1992-93, a close ( 99 % ) nationally representative sample of 89,777 ever-married adult females aged 13-49 were interviewed from 88,562 families, with 6,254 ( 5,857 ) and 4,257 ( 4,602 ) adult females ( families ) from MP and Orissa, severally. In 1998-99, the nationally representative sample of 89,199 ever-married adult females aged 15-49 from 91,196 families was collected, including 6,941 ( 6,749 ) and 4,425 ( 4,689 ) adult females ( families ) from MP and Orissa, severally. Last, in 2005-06, a national sum of 124,385 adult females aged 15-49 from 109,041 families were sampled, with 6,427 ( 5,488 ) and 4,540 ( 3,910 ) adult females ( families ) from MP and Orissa, severally.
The 2nd chief informations beginning used was the District Level Household and Facility Surveys ( DLHS ) series undertaken in 1998-99, 2002-04, and 2007-08. The DLHS is a aggregation of nationally representative family studies, chiefly conducted to supervise and measure the execution and operation of the Reproductive and Child Health plan across the territories of India. Similar to the DHS, the DLHS were undertaken utilizing a systematic, multi-stage stratified trying design and the national sample sizes are big ( International Institute for Population Sciences & A ; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2001, 2006, 2010 ) . For the 1998-99 moving ridge, 474,463 presently married adult females age 15-44 from 529,817 families were interviewed, with 41,250 ( 46,355 ) and 28,757 ( 32,214 ) adult females ( family ) from MP and Orissa, severally. In 2002-04, a nationally representative sample of 507,622 presently married adult females age 15-44 old ages from 620,107 families were questioned. The figure of adult females ( families ) from MP and Orissa were 38,024 ( 46,413 ) and 24,972 ( 31,909 ) , severally. Last, the 2007-08 study moving ridge covered 643,944 ever-married adult females aged 15-49 and 166,260 never-married adult females aged 15-24 from 720,320 families, with 56,574 ( 51,419 ) and 35,105 ( 33,172 ) adult females ( families ) from MP and Orissa, severally.
The concluding informations beginning utilised by the survey was the Sample Registration System ( SRS ) information. The SRS is a sample of birth and decease enrollments under the Office of the Registrar General of India, and it provides one-year estimations of the population, birth rates, birthrate, mortality, unrecorded births, maternal mortality, life anticipation, decease rate, and other indexs at the national and province degree and individually for rural and urban topographic point of abode. By and large, the sample design adopted for the SRS is a single-stage graded random sample ( Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, 2009 ) . The sampling frame is revised every ten old ages based on the latest nose count frame and the sample size has increased over clip to about 1.5 families and 7.27 million people in 2010.
The datasets were cleaned by canceling extras and dropping kids that did non hold or had unreasonable birthdays and decease ages ( e.g. losing birthdays or decease day of the months, kid reported to decease after the interview day of the month ) . The aggregation of datasets resulted in a sample period from 1990 to 2007. Estimates were produced at the province degree and across four equity markers: urban-rural location, ethnicity, wealth, and territories. However, due to miss of representation, it is non possible to obtain estimations for single equity marker in that some datasets. For case, SRS can merely be used to deduce estimations for province and rural/urban sectors while DLHS-I and DLHS-III can non be used to obtain wealth-based appraisal. This means the figure of datasets used for mortality appraisal vary from one equity shaper to the following ( see Table 1 ) .
Among seven datasets, four could use CBH and datasets and two required SBH. Two DHS datasets ( 1992-93 and 1998-99 ) were non useable for MP since the DHS is merely representative at the province degree and MP experienced province boundary line alteration in 2000, when Chhattisgarh was formed by the breakdown of 16 south-eastern territories of the former MP. This is non the job for the DLSH prior to 2000 because they were representative at the district-level and we were able to map the informations to suit into the construction of the freshly formed provinces in 2000. Similarly, the SRS informations were available on a annual footing, and therefore, we were able to account for the alterations in the province boundaries.
As is common with wellness studies, informations on income and outgo is non collected while a placeholder for socioeconomic position is required in the analysis. Previous surveies have utilised inquiries on family assets and lodging features to build a wealth index utilizing chief constituents analysis ( Filmer & A ; Pritchett, 2001 ) . We followed this pattern and derived two separate set of asset-based wealth index for rural and urban populations since it is known in India that the type of assets owned by the rural populations different from that of the urban populations. While it is understood that there is a certain grade of correlativity between these equity markers – for case, the richest families are likely to shack in urban countries – the comparative fluctuations in mortality identified for different equity markers can uncover the chief drive forces behind disparities in mortality and kid wellness service use. Table 2 and 3 present the distribution of respondents on the four equity markers.
All statistical analyses described were carried out utilizing two statistical bundles, Stata and R.
In both provinces, we observed the steady decrease of under-five and neonatal mortality rates. The state-level consequences, reported in Figure 1, demonstrate that there has been a decrease in the U5MR in both MP and Orissa from 156 deceases per 1,000 unrecorded births ( 95 % CI: 140-173 ) in 1990 to 95 ( 95 % CI: 75-124 ) in 2007 and from 138 per 1,000 unrecorded births ( 95 % CI: 124-153 ) to 87 ( 95 % CI: 65-114 ) , severally. In comparing to recent comparable national estimations ( Lozano et al. , 2011 ; Rajaratnam, Marcus, et al. , 2010 ) , the U5MR exceeded the national figure in both provinces, and the mean per annum decrease over the sample period of 2.91 per cent in MP and 2.48 per centum in Orissa is somewhat below the national figure of about 3 per cent. The decreases in neonatal mortality have been more modest. In MP, the NMR has declined from 72 per 1,000 unrecorded births ( 95 % CI: 61-84 ) in 1990 to 54 ( 95 % CI: 39-80 ) in 2007, while in Orissa a corresponding diminution from 69 ( 95 % CI: 59-82 ) to 47 ( 95 % CI: 27-84 ) was observed. However, despite this overall diminution, in MP, NMR has remained about wholly stagnated since 2001. If these tendencies continue, in Orissa by 2015 neonatal deceases will represent more than half of all under-five deceases and over three-fourthss of all infant deceases, with corresponding per centum parts of about 82 and 85 in MP, severally.
Across all the equity markers, inequalities in mortality are apparent. Tables 4 and 5 provide estimations of under-five and neonatal mortality rates for selected old ages, with matching assurance intervals, for urban-rural countries, three ethnic and three wealth groupings. The general form of diminution in under-five and neonatal mortality is observed in both urban and rural countries ( see Figure 2 ) . Children shacking in urban countries remain better off than their rural opposite numbers in footings of the degree of mortality. Yet, the rates of diminution are observed to be higher in rural countries, where, for illustration, in MP the mean one-year diminution in U5MR in urban countries is 2.13 per cent and 3.25 per cent in rural countries. This might indicate to some early results of plans such as the NRHM to scale up maternal and child wellness coverage in rural countries. However, at the terminal of the sample period the differences in mortality results remained high, with the U5MR in urban countries of Orissa estimated at about 67 compared to 92 in rural countries. Furthermore, while the spreads between rural and urban countries in both provinces are predicted to cut down well by 2015, the form of convergence is mostly due to the unequal advancement in urban countries. In fact, the urban NMR in both provinces was reasonably changeless in the latter old ages of the sample.
Estimates of under-five and neonatal mortality displayed in Figure 3 confirmed higher rates among the Scheduled Castes ( SC ) and the Scheduled Tribes ( ST ) groups, compared to the balance of the provinces ' populations ( denoted as Other ) . In both provinces, convergence between U5MR of SC and ST is observed. However, in MP the U5MR among the SC and the ST has fallen at a faster rate compared to that of the Other, with mean rates of decrease of 3.3 and 3.9 per cent per annum compared to about 2.8 per cent, severally. In Orissa, on the other manus, the mean rate of decrease has been greatest for the Other, with the SC and ST sing an mean one-year diminution below 2 per cent. The differences between the cultural groups are smaller in footings of NMR in both provinces. In Orissa, the estimations of NMR suggest that both the ST and the SC experienced steady decreases in mortality rates since 2000. At the same clip, the NMR of the Other has stagnated at about 48 deceases per 1,000 unrecorded births. In MP, the public presentation of all cultural groups has stagnated since 2001, once more foregrounding the troubles with cut downing the figure of neonatal deceases in the latter old ages of the sample.
The tendencies in U5MR and NMR across the three wealth groups for rural and urban countries are presented in Figures 4 and 5, severally. In MP, the estimations suggest that all socioeconomic groups experienced mortality decrease over the past two decennaries. However, wealth-related inequality in mortality persists in both countries for both under-five and neonatal mortality, and is improbable to decrease by 2015. In Orissa, the consequences are more variable, with the mortality profiles for the Rich group in urban countries really different from those of the rural populations. Consequently, wealth-based inequality among the rural population is found to be far less than that of the urban population. Both rural and urban countries, nevertheless, do portion one common feature: the divergency between wealth groups appears to get down around 1995-96.
While the figure of child deceases in India continues to worsen at a national degree ( Lozano et al. , 2011 ) , the disaggregation of mortality tendencies for two of the state 's poorest provinces – MP and Orissa – reveals that assorted sub-populations suffer disproportionately. Inequalities in under-five and neonatal mortality rates are observed between rural and urban families, social/ethnic groups and wealth strata. The inequality in child wellness results found in this paper is consistent with the general inequality form widely discussed in India with regard to incidence of poorness, literacy, wellness service use and load of diseases. ( Vikas Samvad 2010 ; Balarajan et al. , 2011 ; Gulati, 2007 ; Government of Madhya Pradesh, 2002 ; Government of Orissa, 2004a ) .
Both MP and Orissa have made advancement in cut downing high mortality rates of certain equity groups ( e.g. Scheduled Tribes and rural populations ) . However, as a effect, other groups have been left behind and stagnating or lifting mortality degrees amongst these groups has led to a deficiency of advancement in overall U5MR and NMR. The prevalence of the within-state heterogeneousness suggests that cautiousness should be heeded when construing the success of states at the aggregative degree and indicates the importance of measuring the sub-national public presentation of states seeking to further cut down the degrees of kid and maternal mortality. Our happening contributes to the instead limited literature on the advancement toward MDG 4 at the sub-national degree, a much needed survey section as suggested by ( Mulholland et al. , 2008 ) .
Both provinces have shown marks of rural and urban convergence, driven chiefly by the diminution in rural U5MR. However farther attempts are required in urban countries to see a faster rate of U5MR diminution. A figure of factors could be at drama here. Other unfairnesss between rural and urban populations have been documented, with those populating in rural countries sing greater barriers to accessing wellness services and a higher incidence and badness of poorness ( International Institute for Population Sciences & A ; Macro International, 2007 ; International Institute for Population Sciences & A ; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2010 ) . The faster rate of diminution in U5MR observed in the rural countries might be partially attributed to the success of the National Rural Health Mission and advanced policies, such as the Navjyoti strategy in Orissa, which focus on rural countries. Another possibility is that kids populating in urban countries, particularly those who are hapless, face distinguishable troubles that prevent farther mortality decrease, which has led to the comparatively lower rate of U5MR decrease observed. It has been suggested that herding, indoor air pollution, and hapless entree to wellness services could be partly responsible for the dissatisfactory advancement in urban under-five mortality results in many states ( World Health Organisation & A ; United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2010 ) . The state of affairs is exacerbated if we besides take into history the inflow of the rural hapless into urban slums. Figures from nose count informations indicate about 10 per cent of the urban population in the MP migrated from rural countries between 1991 and 2001, with support chances a major driver of migration ( Mitra & A ; Murayama, 2008 ) . Increasing rural-urban migration may put upward force per unit area on the mortality rates of the urban sections, if poorer, low wellness position rural families are more likely to migrate to urban countries than better-off families. Unfortunately, the DLHS series does non let one to officially prove for this hypothesis because they contain different moving ridges of cross-sectional informations ( different households/women were surveyed for each moving ridge ; and therefore, it is non possible to follow the regional motion of households ) . Such population force per unit areas may hold earnestly affected the capacity of the wellness system to present good quality services and to accomplish farther betterments in mortality decrease in urban countries. Additionally, the increasing denationalization of wellness services in urban Centres may hold besides posed fiscal barriers for the hapless to good quality and low-cost MNCH services. Consequently, some cautiousness is required when measuring the effectivity of the rural programmes, such as the NRHM, on under-five and neonatal mortality decrease.
The ST communities are considered the most deprived societal group of India ( Government of Orissa, 2004a ; Panigrahi et al. , 2005 ) . However, our findings suggest that ST have been cut downing their U5MR faster than the more advantageous group ( the Other ) , and theyThe function of authorities policies could be critical in this instance. made more progress towards the terminal of the sample period than the SC in cut downing neonatal mortality. The function of authorities policies could be critical in this instance. This might be the consequence of the Navajyoti strategy – launched in 14 territories with higher-than-state-average infant mortality rates – to aim tribal groups in Orissa with community-based place safe bringing and newborn attention, and referrals to wellness Centres ( Government of Orissa, 2004b ) . Similarly, in MP, the convergence form observed for U5MR may be partially attributed to province authorities plans aimed at bettering service bringing for disadvantaged groups, such as the Deendayal Mobile Hospital Scheme, which provides outreach services to tribal countries. Other state-wide strategies, such as Bal Shakti Yojana, mark malnourished kids based on physical ( anthropometric ) measurings. The higher prevalence of under-nutrition amongst the ST and SC kids could motivate greater targeting of these disadvantaged groups and could besides explicate some of the ascertained additions. Unfortunately, neither DLHS-II nor DLHS-III collects informations on nutrition to enable us to analyze this hypothesis.
The tendencies we present suggest that all socio-economic groups experienced mortality decrease over the past two decennaries. However, wealth-related inequality in mortality endures in rural and urban countries. While the low income group, particularly in rural countries, has experienced rapid decrease in under-five mortality, since the mid-1990s the tendencies for high income group in urban countries, have stagnated or risen in both provinces, particularly in Orissa. It appears that Orissa has done good in aiming the hapless populations in both rural and urban countries, but richer communities appear to hold been neglected, while in urban countries of MP, the poorest continues to dawdle behind the remainder. It should be noted, nevertheless, that many pro-poor programmes and policies were introduced in India, and in MP in peculiar, around 2005. Consequently, their effects on maternal and child wellness service uses and results might non be to the full captured by the DLHS-III. As suggested earlier, kids of the poorest urban families might confront some distinguishable troubles, which have non yet been addressed by pro-poor policies in MP. For illustration, kids and adult females in slums experience much higher rates of under-nutrition and anemia than those in non-slum countries of India ( Athreya et al. , 2010 ) . Such troubles are normally compounded by the inflow of rural migrators into urban slums. Apart from the hapless life conditions in slums, hapless immigrants lack societal webs and are seldom cognizant of their entitlements and the handiness of free or low-cost wellness services in urban Centres. The effect is delays in seeking wellness attention or, in some instances, no wellness attention at all.
These findings support the renewed policy focal point on the urban hapless. A National Urban Health Mission ( NUHM ) aiming the urban hapless, peculiarly slum inhabitants, has been proposed to cover towns with populations over 100,000 and the continuance of the mission would be the staying period of the 11th five-year program ( 2008-2012 ) ( Agarwal et al. , 2006 ) . Other enterprises have besides started to turn to the jobs confronting slum inhabitants. For illustration, a entry under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission ( JNNURM ) covers the proviso of low-cost lodging and public services, such as H2O supply, sewerage and community lavatories, in selected urban slums. The consequences of this survey add weight to the importance of such enterprises and suggest that continual attempts to place and aim marginalised sub-populations are required to cut down mortality rates.
A notable form observed at the state-level every bit good as across most of the equity markers was the stagnancy of neonatal mortality rates despite higher institutional births. In fact, NMR in Orissa urban countries appears to hold increased, and so does the NMR by the Other caste/ethnicity group. Such findings suggest that current policies have achieved a greater impact on the degree of mortality in older kids, which is expected since cut downing mortality in older kids, unlike newborns, is more conformable to intercessions that can be easy scaled up through perpendicular plans, such as immunization. Interventions turn toing neonatal mortality, such as basic and comprehensive exigency obstetric and neonatal attention ( e.g. BEmONC and CEmONC ) are more complex, and hence, depend on wide strengthening of the wellness systems.
In decision, in malice of the many development challenges confronting the highly hapless Indian provinces of MP and Orissa, both have taken great paces in cut downing child mortality, both in footings of absolute degrees and in cut downing the comparative disadvantage experienced by its most vulnerable groups. Nevertheless, based on the most recent informations available, by 2015, MP and Orissa are improbable to run into the national marks set by Millennium Development Goal 4. Of importance are the considerable spreads between different sub-populations, as defined by location, ethnicity, or socio-economic position. Future betterments will progressively trust on the more hard undertaking of beef uping wellness systems and get the better ofing the barriers confronting deprived sections of the population.
In this survey, we have tried to consistently collate the grounds on degrees and tendencies in child mortality at a figure of sub-national degrees for two of India 's poorest provinces over the period 1990-2007. However, this survey has several of import restrictions. First, direct appraisal of child mortality rates may be capable to remember prejudice and/or the under-reporting of deceases by female parents In this survey, we have tried to consistently collate the grounds on degrees and tendencies in child mortality at a figure of sub-national degrees for two of India 's poorest provinces over the period 1990-2007. However, this survey has several of import restrictions. First, direct appraisal of child mortality rates may be capable to remember prejudice and/or the under-reporting of deceases by female parents ( Murray et al. , 2007 ) . However, we seek to cut down the extent of callback prejudice by pooling informations from multiple studies, which have an consequence of migrating some prejudices where the studies overlap, and for the periods with fewer than 10,000 person-months of observation we did non bring forth estimations. Second, in add-on to the well-known measuring mistakes created by survey-based informations, the restrictions of indirect appraisal methods have antecedently been documented by Rajaratnam, Tran, et Al. ( 2010 ) . As they note, the chief restriction of indirect methods is the demand to deduce information on statistics, such as the location in clip of births and deceases, from observed forms in studies with CBH. This leads to the trust on generalized forms across provinces and across clip. The impact of these generalizations is minimised by the application of local arrested development methods. Third, the big sampling mistakes associated with some of the tendencies where merely a limited figure of observations are presently available implies some cautiousness is required when construing those consequences. Finally, our prognosiss are based on recent clip tendencies, and accordingly do non bespeak the possible impact achieved via intensified attempts to cut down child mortality in certain countries or by aiming specific sub-populations. Additionally, we allows for divergent prognosiss for sub-populations within a larger population. One might reason that this attack fail to guarantee that the prognosiss for related populations maintain certain structural relationships based on extended historic observation and theoretical considerations. Although historical observation of inequality between rural/urban, across caste/ethnicity and wealth groups tend to back up convergence instead than recreation, there has been treatments on the convergence possibility, for case between rural and urban ( termed " urban mortality punishment " by surveies like ( Cain & A ; Hong, 2008 ; Konteh, 2009 ) . Therefore, we believe that enforcing the convergence status might falsify the existent tendency in mortality advancement of those sub-populations.
In decision, in malice of the many development challenges confronting the highly hapless Indian provinces of MP and Orissa, both have taken great paces in cut downing child mortality, both in footings of absolute degrees and in cut downing the comparative disadvantage experienced by its most vulnerable groups. Nevertheless, based on the most recent informations available, by 2015, MP and Orissa are improbable to run into the national marks set by Millennium Development Goal 4. Of importance are the considerable spreads between different sub-populations, as defined by location, ethnicity, or socio-economic position. Future betterments will progressively trust on the more hard undertaking of beef uping wellness systems and get the better ofing the barriers confronting deprived sections of the population.


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August bank holiday is the perfect time to unwind, relax and cleanse body and mind. Stay in our gorgeous manor house
and enjoy the peace that the meditation practices bring to you during the silent walk and in the yoga classes,
and feel the body loosen and open up with the asana practices. 23rd – 26th August 2019 From £465.00 – £495.00 per person

subset: commoncrawl


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A couple of months ago, a man in our church, John Anderson, invited me to come along with him to Italy to help some missionaries there put on a couple of outreach events. I said yes, of course, and now the time has come for us to leave.
We will be leaving Minneapolis at 3:00 today and landing in Amsterday on Friday about 6:30 a.m. (11:30 Mpls time). From there we travel to Paris and finally Rome. We have a day or so to recuperate and the we'll be visiting a church plant in Rome on Sunday night, after which we'll travel to Venice and Bolgna to serve at the outreach events.
Finally, we plan to travel to Athens and Corinth for some sight-seeing and study, coming back to the States on December 3.
Please hold John and I up in prayer. Besides serving missionaries and sight-seeing, we plan to have a long conversation about foreign missions at Glory of Christ and this conversation feels very significant to me. Thanks so much for your partnership in prayer! I will blog as often as I'm able to access the internet.
By the way, please also pray for Kim and Rachel. Rachel is traveling to Disney World with her grandmother and a few others tomorrow where she'll be for one week. Kim will be staying with her father next week (he lives close to her work) and then taking care of Rachel and all the household affairs by herself the following week. Kim loves Christ with all her heart and she'll be depending on him, but she could use your prayers as well.
Thanks again, in Christ!


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Shillong: Dressed in blue denim trousers and a black jacket, Congress president Rahul Gandhi on Tuesday attended a party-organised concert in poll-bound Meghalaya, in a bid to reach out to young voters.
The Congress has been in power in the north eastern state for nearly 15 years.
Gandhi barely spoke for five minutes at the 'Festival of Peace' concert as he listened to the musical bands enthralling the 4,000-plus crowd, who braved a cold winter evening to attend the festival.
"We are strongest when we stand together in our diversity. India's strength is our diverse culture and different languages, different ways of thinking," he said as the crowd, including a large number of women, cheered him.
Gandhi urged the youth to love and respect each other to make the country strong.
"When we fight each other and spread hatred, we are not strengthening our country but weakening it and disrespecting our people, our past and our future," he said.
Asking the people to be proud of their heritage, language and religion, the Congress president said, "We are all proud of you and we will defend your way of thinking".
Stating that every single person from all states has a space in the country, he noted, "Their dreams and aspirations are equally important, no matter how small or big a state is."
The Congress, which has been in power for nearly 15 years in the state, organised the concert to woo young voters for the February 27 elections.
Noted bands such as 'Soulmate' and 'Emperical Tribe' besides cultural troupes of the Khasis, Jaintias and Garos performed at the festival.


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"I don't get it! All my friends said they thought my idea was great, but I launched and I've had basically no sales. WTF?" – Countless discouraged entrepreneurs
Any new venture is terrifying, and those of us who have the blessings of supportive friends and family often make the mistake of believing friends and family will become paying customers.
Sometimes friends and family do become customers, and that's great (because birds of a feather flock together, and people want to be supportive, God bless 'em), but it puts incredible strain on friendships if you expect (and maybe even kind of demand) that your friends support your venture.
I have seen it, and it isn't pretty.
That's why things like marketing, press, and search engine optimization are so critically important to start right away
If you hope to have a business, you absolutely can't lean on your friends and family to be your customers. You can make it available to them, but availability and pressure are very different energy.
The key is to cultivate a relationship with customers
If you've done your market research and you know the customers are out there, you have to set your business up in a way that will reach your (future) customers. You have to find people who love your product not just because they love you, but because they truly just love your product.
In fact, Facebook even penalizes businesses whose posts don't get a lot of click-throughs and comments, so if you just beg your friends for a ton of page "likes" without any strategy, that can actually hinder your marketing efforts.
The world is mindblowingly vast, and millions upon millions of people are searching for products, services, and experiences that resonate with them. Is yours one of them? You have to get in front of those people so they can find you!
"The best time to plant a tree was 20 years ago. The second best time is today." – Chinese Proverb
All these things take time, money, or both. But you have to start somewhere, and sometime.
If you're a new business just getting started, you may not have yet traversed the muddy bog of getting strangers to buy your products. It isn't as difficult as you might think. Stay tuned for my small business marketing tips.


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- Bonafide Libra
- Bryant Stewart's Blog
- Corey Black's Blog
- DJ Lights Out
- DJ Needles Blog
- E Versus The World
- Hip-Hop Rockstar
- HipSociety News
- Hurt Me Soul
- I'm An Impulse Blogger
- Kanye University
- Made Monarchs
- Million Dolla Milkshake
- Odysseyeclectic
- Rock The Dub
- STL Mixtape.com
- Tech Supreme Design
- Tech Supreme's Blog
- Tef Poe's Blog
- TL Designz
- We Sell Boxes
Tag Archives: corey black
Corey Black-Peace (poem)
The artist formerly known as Corey Black drops a new poem for the masses. This is in response to the violence that has fallen upon St. Louis. This will appear on the forthcoming Killing Is Some Wack Ish compilation that … Continue reading
Posted in Poetry Tagged corey black Leave a comment
Corey Black-When You See Me
This just dropped the other day… and for you late heads peep this
Posted in Poetry Tagged corey black Leave a comment
Nato Caliph-R.E.A.C.H. (EP)
Check out Nato Caliph's new EP that dropped this morning. This free download features Nato Caliph and some guests spitting over beats by Tech Productions. This all star cast consists of Black Spade, Corey Black, Tef Poe, Rockwell Knuckles, Kyjuan, … Continue reading
Posted in Hip-Hop Tagged black spade, Bryant Stewart, corey black, kyjuan, Nato Caliph, rome, techsupreme, tef poe, the force, vandalyzm 1 Comment
The Force-Everybody Wins
Check the post I snatched from http://www.rockthedub.com You should already be up on The Force, aka the STL conglomerate that encompasses artists like Tef Poe, Tech Supreme, Nato Caliph, Vandalyzm, Rockwell Knuckles, Gotta Be Karim and mad other artists that … Continue reading
Posted in Hip-Hop, R&B, Rap Tagged black spade, blake symphony, Bryant Stewart, corey black, dj needles, dj spec, family affair, Hip-Hop, Nato Caliph, rockwell knuckles, rome, techsupreme, tef poe, teresa jenee, the force, trackstar, trifeckta, vandalyzm Leave a comment
Rome, Tef Poe, and Corey Black-Higher
Rome, Tef Poe, and Corey Black come together again for this joint off of their upcoming group project. They go in over this Inhouse Production track and since it was 4/20, they decided to drop this off. Dont get it … Continue reading
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged corey black, rome, tef poe, the force Leave a comment
Tef Poe-Money Never Sleeps (NO DJ)
This is Tef Poe's new album Money Never Sleeps without the DJ. Plus a bonus disc with new material from Tef Poe. Download and enjoy. Money Never Sleeps No DJ Money Never Sleeps Bonus Disc
Posted in Uncategorized Tagged Bryant Stewart, corey black, rome, techsupreme, tef poe, the force Leave a comment
Corey Black-And They Say St. Louis (prod. by Rome)
Check out this new joint off Corey Black's upcoming album Play it By Ear. This track is called "And They Say St. Louis" and is produced by Rome of Kings of the Midwest. Download it and enjoy. Download Corey Black-And … Continue reading
Check this show out for good music for a cause. This is strictly for Haiti. Wed. January 20th at The Atomic Cowboy.
Posted in Event Tagged black spade, blake symphony, corey black, dj spec, family affair, Hip-Hop, Nato Caliph, rockwell knuckles, rome, techsupreme, tef poe, teresa jenee, the force, theresa payne, vandalyzm 1 Comment
Corey Black-The Blackout EP (Zip File)
This is for all the people that couldn't download it. Zipped for your pleasure. Download Corey Black-The Blackout EP
Posted in Hip-Hop, Pop, Rap Tagged corey black, Hip-Hop, techsupreme, the force Leave a comment
Tech Supreme-Jungle City (the album)
I am so biased because this is my shit. Hahahahaha!!! Seriously give it a listen and if you hate it then let me know. I bet you wont though. This is a full length project that i started awhile ago. … Continue reading
Posted in Hip-Hop, Rap Tagged corey black, ebony eyez, family affair, Hip-Hop, rockwell knuckles, st. louis, tef poe, trifeckta Leave a comment


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Would you like to compare some shopping carts and their features? Check out the differences between Paykickstart, Infusionsoft, Nanacast, Samcart and Thrivecart and pick the one that fits your business needs. We try to update this comparison on a regular basis. If we missed some new features then feel free to contact us. Last updated on […]Continue reading
Introduction:Paykickstart is a new shopping cart and affiliate management software created by Mark Thompson and his partner Matt Callen. They are well known marketers that deliver high quality software products and they both run a successful internet company called digitalkickstartThis Paykickstart review will be a long one so I have created the quick navigation below […]Continue reading


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Experience Haiti
Cultural Education. Global Service. Outdoor Adventure.
You're invited on the adventure of a lifetime to the Caribbean island of Haiti.
Experience it's colorful culture, big smiles, hearty laughter, bold flavors, intoxicating art, stunning landscapes and beautiful beaches. Pull back the back the veil and connect into a deeper understanding and celebration of the Haitian culture.
Haiti is authentic. Haiti has soul. Discover what everyone is talking about!
Cultural Immersion, Outdoor Adventures, Artisan Villages, Volunteer & Yoga
Example Package From PAP to Jacmel | What's Included:
>Visit to Croix des Bouquets, Iron Market, Haiti Communitere and Ayiti Yoga Outreach in Port Au Prince. Jacmel City Tour- Highlights Artisan Shops and Mosaic Walls. Creative Volunteer Project with Art Creation Foundation for Children. Photo project with Faith and Love Orphanage. Excursion to Bassin Bleu Waterfalls. Beach time in Marigot. Sunrise and/or sunset swims in ocean lagoon at hotel in Jacmel.
All transport between destinations and to/from activities.
>Packages can be all inclusive with meals or you can pay separately for food, most hotels include breakfast in their rate
>Charming, comfortable, Haitian owned hotels w/A/C (various options for you to choose - many beautiful ocean views available in Cap Haitien and Jacmel, etc )
>Private transportation w/A/C
>Local expert, Haitian tour guide
*International Flights and gratuities are separate. Flights within Haiti can be arranged by our tour specialists and added into your package.
Get to know the art and culture of Haiti, explore the seaside town of Jacmel, hike a mountain trail, cool off in the turquoise pools of Bassin-Bleu, find metal treasures at Croix des Bouquet, sink your toes in the warm sand, find your island zen with daily yoga, visit the art creation foundation for children- teaching arts to at-risk youth, learn about Vodou culture & savour creole cuisine.
Contact us to Customize a Trip for Your Group, Anytime!!


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Transportation Advice
Advice for carpooling:
- It can be difficult to maintain proper social distancing in a vehicle.
- If you are sick, stay home and do not carpool.
- If you continue to carpool with people outside your immediate household, limit this to one additional passenger and have that individual sit in the back passenger side seat with the windows open if possible.
- Have passengers place their belongings in the trunk of the vehicle.
- Clean your hands often, do not touch your face, practice cough/sneeze etiquette and disinfect your vehicle regularly, paying particular attention to high-touch areas (e.g., door handles, window controls).
Advice for travelers flying into Manitoba:
All return travelers are advised to self-isolate. To get from the airport to where you are self-isolating, you are advised to:
- Avoid using public transit (i.e., the bus). Use a private vehicle, and remain in your vehicle. Do not make unnecessary stops. If you need gas, pay at the pump. If you need food, go through a drive-thru, ensuring you maintain a two-metre distance and avoid paying with cash. Do not stop for supplies or groceries. Ask friends to drop-off groceries and supplies, or use a delivery or pick-up service when you get home.
- Use of taxis by return travelers who are not experiencing symptoms (e.g., cough, fever, sore throat, runny nose) of a respiratory illness is NOT recommended. However, if you do not have access to a private vehicle, this could be considered provided you follow all requirements as outlined under the advice for vehicles for hire (e.g., taxi drivers) and their passengers.
- If you have symptoms of a respiratory illness (e.g., cough, fever, sore throat, runny nose) and do not have access to a private vehicle, call Health Links - Info Santé to assist with developing a plan to get to your place of self-isolation.
- Some airports offer services that allow a family member/friend to drop your vehicle/keys off at the airport for you to pick-up; contact the airport for more information.
Advice for vehicle for hire (e.g. taxi drivers, Handi-Transit) and their passengers:
- Screen all passengers for symptoms of COVID-19 or exposures prior to entering the vehicle. Passengers experiencing symptoms of a respiratory illness (e.g., cough, fever, sore throat, runny nose) that do not have access to a private vehicle, are advised to call Health Links - Info Santé to assist with developing a plan to get to a health facility.
Drivers should do the following:
- Ensure you self-monitor yourself for symptoms before starting your shift. If you have symptoms (e.g., cough, fever, runny nose, sore throat, difficulty breathing), do not work. Stay home and self-isolate (i.e., keep away from others).
- Consult Transport Canada's guidelines when considering a physical barrier between the driver and passengers. As an alternative to installing a physical barrier, leave the passenger seat and the seat immediately behind the driver unoccupied.
- Transport one fare at a time. (e.g. people from the same household).
- Clean your hands before you pick-up each fare with an alcohol-based hand cleanser.
- Open the vehicle windows (weather permitting) and use the vents of the vehicle to bring in fresh air from outside (avoid using the recirculated air option of the vehicle).
- Encourage passengers to use an alcohol-based hand cleanser before entering the vehicle, and ask passengers to avoid touching the interior of the vehicle as much as possible.
- Limit contact with passengers by:
- requiring passengers to load and unload their personal belongings (e.g., suitcases, briefcases) by themselves; if this is not feasible and passengers require assistance, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer before/after (un)loading passengers' personal belongings. and
- requiring passengers to sit in the back seats only (if transporting one passenger, have them sit in the back, passenger side of the vehicle). The front passenger seat should be vacant at all times. This may mean limiting the number of passengers you transport at one time, and may require additional trips. Passengers with special needs who require a companion may sit next to their companion (treated as if they were from the same household). As applicable, passengers from different households should also maintain physical distancing (two metres) when lining up to get in the vehicle, and when exiting the vehicle.
- should a passenger require assistance getting in/out of the vehicle and/or with their seatbelts, limit the interaction to be as brief as possible, and use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer before/after assisting the passenger.
- Direct passengers to place all of their personal belongings in the trunk rather than in the back seat.
- Encourage cashless transactions.
- Clean and disinfect your vehicle after you drop off each fare with an alcohol (70 per cent) wipe, paying close attention to surfaces that are touched frequently (e.g., door handles, window controls, payment device). Where possible, use vehicles with interior surfaces that can be cleaned and disinfected easily (e.g,. vinyl seats instead of fabric).
- Clean your hands after you drop off each fare with an alcohol-based hand cleanser. You should also clean your hands before and after you eat as well as after you cough or sneeze.
- Provide a closed bin, lined with a plastic bag (i.e., plastic-lined garbage container) to enable the hygienic disposal of waste (e.g., used tissues).
- Everyone in the vehicle should avoid touching their face, practice good cough etiquette, avoid touching high-touch areas and clean their hands before and after getting on the bus
Advice for public transit drivers and passengers:
- People who are sick are advised to self-isolate and not take public transit; bus drivers are advised to not go into work. Someone who requires medical assistance for a respiratory illness (e.g., cough, fever, sore throat, runny nose) who does not have access to a private vehicle, should call Health Links - Info Santé to assist with developing a plan to get to a health facility.
- Passengers are advised to follow social distancing measures, ensuring there is a two-metre distance between themselves and other people on the bus at all times, and should take the bus during non-peak times as much as possible for essential purposes only (e.g., picking-up groceries and supplies, reporting for work in-person).
- Everyone on the bus should avoid touching their face, practice good cough etiquette, avoid touching high-touch areas and clean their hands before and after getting on the bus. Bus drivers are encouraged to clean their hands often, especially after coughing or sneezing, before and after eating, and after using the toilet.
- Winnipeg and Brandon Transit have advised that they have implemented enhanced, frequent cleaning and disinfecting on all of the buses. Information is available on precautionary measures Winnipeg Transit page. Visit the precautionary measures Brandon Transit has adopted, for addtional information.
Advice for motorcyclists and passengers:
- If you or your passenger are sick, stay home.
- Limit passengers to individuals in your immediate household.
- Drivers and passengers should use their own personal helmet and gear (jacket, gloves, etc.); do not share helmets/gear or use someone else's helmet/gear.
- Drivers and passengers should clean/disinfect their own helmet and gear after each use.
- Drivers and passengers should clean their hands often, and regularly clean/disinfect high-touch areas of the motorcycle (e.g., controls, handlebar grips, etc.).


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It's Hanukah time and the Roche Bros. deli is ready with traditional food for the festival of lights!
Potato pancakes – known as latkes – in cocktail and dinner size are essential, with sour cream and apple sauce for topping. Serve them along with potato and beef knishes and chopped chicken liver for a full, nostalgic deli spread for the holiday.
Make it a full Hanukah dinner with brisket from Our Kitchen and Hanukah cupcakes and cookies from our bakery!
Stop by through the 8th night of Hanukah for all of our holiday specialties.
Roche Bros. and Sudbury Farms are not Kosher establishments.We sell both Kosher and non-Kosher food.


text: Just a Pitch Deck is Enough For Us! StartersHub accepts applications all year long without being bound to a specific application date. Here, on this page, you may apply with your startup within a few easy steps! Name of Your Company!*Website URL*Your Email Address* Phone Number*3-4 Sentences Should Be Fine*Your Pitch Deck* Drop files here or Accepted file types: pptx, ppt, pdf. CAPTCHA TR Office Esentepe Mah. Ecza Sk. No:6 Şişli, Istanbul, 34394 US Office 353 Sacramento Street Suite 1800 San Francisco, CA 94111 Get In Touch email@example.com +90 212 325 00 68


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An expert in the process industry yesterday welcomed Government support for fracking, claiming it and associated technologies could lead to a resurgence of energy production in the North East.
Dr Stan Higgins, chief executive officer of the North East Process Industry Cluster, said it could open the way to a new lease of life for places like the Durham Coalfield.
He was speaking after Chancellor George Osborne announced tax breaks and fast-track permits for firms involved in the controversial method of extracting gas from rock.
Higgins said the expansion of the industry would mean more jobs in the region.
He said the coalfield could be exploited for sythesis gas used for industrial purposes.
He said: "There is more energy in the Durham Coalfield than we ever had coming out of the North Sea. I believe fracking and underground gasification will help us extract that energy and this could be a game-changer for the North East economy.
"They have provided us with real hope that we can re-establish the North East as a place for energy production. This could be the beginning of an industrial revolution in the region."
The easing of restrictions on the industry comes after a report from the Institute of Directors which said one third of the UK's gas requirements could be supplied by shale gas extraction by 2030 and the industry would support as many as 74,000 jobs. Opponents say fracking, a way of fracturing rock to obtain the gas deposits inside, causes earthquakes and environmental damage.
Higgins said an expansion of the controversial industry will cut the UK's need for imports and lead to cheaper prices.
He said: "The Process Industry welcomes the Government's announcement that investment into shale gas extraction will be encouraged.
"Hopefully the speedy implementation of shale gas extraction and also a related technology of underground coal gasification are two ways that the UK could counteract this and return to globally competitive energy pricing. Shale gas is exactly the same stuff as natural gas we use today except it is trapped in the rocks. Introducing small fractures to the rocks is a process called "fracking" and it is this that releases small bubbles of the natural gas from the rock so that it can be collected and used in our homes and factories.
"It is the same gas that will emerge from the pipe in the kitchen or factory floor."
The Redcar-based North East Process Industry Cluster represents more than 500 chemical, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, energy and renewables businesses and their support companies across the North East. The companies generate in excess of �10bn of sales and employ about 35,000 people impacting on a further 200,000 supply chain jobs.


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Noise: Chosen Ground 10
Are you ready to make some NOISE?
Join one of the country's top hiphop organizations as the UP Streetdance Club brings you its annual dance competition, Chosen Ground!
After a decade of numerous dance crews battling it out year after year, this year's Chosen Ground has the theme "NOISE." Inspired by the popular Broadway show "Stomp," the competition challenges the competitors to bring not only their streetdance moves to the stage, but fuse it with elements of stepping, and the use of everyday household things to create beats and synchronized movement. This is also the 3rd Chosen Ground that features the 3-on-3 freestyle battle category, which involves groups of 3 going head to head in a showcase of mastery of various dance styles.
The 3 winners of the group category will bag Php 25,000, Php 10,000 and Php 5,000 respectively while the winner of the 3-on-3 battle will take home Php 10,000.
This year's event promises to be a bigger and better competition to be held at the SM North Edsa Skydome on Sept. 6, 2014 at 7pm. For tickets, please contact 09153344972.
September 15, 2014 at 12:02 am
Klan po ulit mgkakaroon ng registration?


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Holiday Cottages and luxury lodges
Staying in a self catering cottage, luxury lodge or apartment offers complete freedom and flexibility. You decide what you want to do and when you want to do it. Enjoy this picturesque part of Scotland with a relaxed break in a holiday cottage.
Royal Deeside and the Cairngorms DMO works with the top business in the area. To find out more about any business or to contact them, or book through their website, please select from the list below which is in alphabetical order.
View the list below for a selection of top quality self catering holiday cottages and lodges throughout Royal Deeside and the Cairngorms.
Cairngorm Lodges – Royal Deeside
Cairngorm Lodges is a new development of 5 luxury self catering forest lodges set in their own individual Scots Pine woodland plots in the heart of Royal Deeside. Each has been individually designed by a local architect and all are pet friendly. The lodges are located in the heart of Royal Deeside and are right on the boundary of Cairngorms National Park and make an ideal base to explore the surrounding spectacular countryside and the Royal Deeside and Cairngorms area generally with its many sporting and tourism activities.
The luxury lodges are equipped to a high standard and sleep up to 4 persons in 2 bedrooms. The only immediate neighbours you will have will be the local wildlife – red squirrels are a daily sighting next to the lodges! The forest lodges are set in the outstanding woodland estate of Blelack and come with your own pine forest, river and walks! They are within a short walking distance of the village of Logie Coldstone in the Highlands of Scotland and are are close to the charming hamlet of Dinnet, the gateway to the Eastern Highlands and Cairngorms National Park. Nearby are the larger villages of Aboyne and Ballater with their attractive restaurants and shops. Cairngorm Lodges are close to Balmoral Castle, the Scottish home of the British Royal Family and their are many other historic castles nearby and on the Victorian Heritage Trail.
The forest lodges are all sited within their own plots and are generously spaced apart. The backdrop of the Scots Pine woodland also provides fuel for the wood burning stove – to keep you cosy after a day spent hill walking, fishing or simply relaxing and enjoying the local countryside and forest walks. Indeed the self catering lodges are located at the foot of the mountain of Morven ( meaning big hill in Gaelic) and there are plenty of walks to keep walkers of all abilities busy in the area.
- Logie Coldstone Dinnet, Aboyne, Royal Deeside – Aberdeenshire, AB34 5PQ
- Tel: 07583 436 040
- Email: [email protected]
- www.cairngormlodges.com
Invercauld Estate
Outstanding salmon and sea trout fishing on the River Dee in the heart of Royal Deeside. Walking in the heart of the Cairngorm Mountains as well as holiday lodges and cottages to let.
- 4 The Keiloch Invercauld, Braemar, Aberdeenshire, AB35 5TW
- Tel: 013397 41224
- Email: [email protected]
- www.invercauld.org
Harvey and Honey Cottages
2 delightful self catering cottages situated in the quiet Deeside village of Dinnet. Each cottage sleeps up to 4 people or can be rented together to accommodate 8.
Both cottages have 2 bedrooms and an open plan sitting room / kitchen with wood burning stoves. Each also has a private patio area with seating and barbecue.
- c/o Glendavan House Dinnet, Aboyne, Aberdeenshire, AB34 5LU
- Tel: 013398 81610
- Email: [email protected]
- www.glendavanhouse.com/selfcatering
Lilac Cottage
Lilac Cottage is a charming stone cottage in the picturesque village of Braemar. The original cottage has been extended to provide spacious, airy rooms with contemporary furnishings. There is a secluded garden with outdoor seating.
The cottage is suitable for pet owners, families or couples.
Accommodation for four in a double room and a twin room. The spacious, open plan living area has a wood burning stove, TV/DVD and CD player and seating at the dining table for up to 8. The kitchen includes a halogen cooker, fridge-freezer, dishwasher and microwave. Utility Room with washing machine. Bathroom with bath/shower, WC and wash basin.
The cottage is located within easy walking distance of all the village amenities and there are many great local walks from the front door.
- 1 Castleton Terrace , Braemar, Aberdeenshire, AB35 5ZR
- Tel: 013397 41675
- Email: [email protected]
St Katherine's Cottage
St Katherine's Cottage is situated next to Aboyne Loch and golf course, on the outskirts of the village of Aboyne.
Aboyne nestles in the beautiful hills of Royal Deeside and follows the north bank of the River Dee.
The cottage is a 10 minute walk along the lovely old railway track to the centre of the village.
- Aboyne, AB34 5BR
- Tel: 013398 86551
- Email: [email protected]
- http://www.stkatherinescottage.co.uk/
Cornellan Square
Cornellan Square is a luxury three-bedroom riverfront property with two designated parking spaces, attractive courtyard, river views and located within 2 minutes walking distance of the village shops, bars and restaurants. There is also access via the courtyard grounds to the lovely riverside and golf course walk.
- Cornellan Square , Ballater, Aberdeenshire, AB35 5RF
- Email: [email protected]
Balmoral Estate
The Balmoral Estate is the Scottish home to the British Royal Family. The estate is open to the public from April to the end of July each year. Visitors can enjoy an audio tour, included in the admission charge which guides them around the gardens, grounds and exhibitions of this unique Highland estate. The coffee shop on site seats 100 and serves light snacks and meals with a Highland flavour along with the gift shop which has both gifts with a Scottish and Royal theme. Visitors who would like to stay longer on the estate can book one of our 6 holiday cottages with the unique privilege of being able to play on the Balmoral 9 hole golf course. Salmon fishing is available on the river Dee which flows through the estate. Wildlife safaris are also on offer with the Ranger Service; a fantastic way to explore the scenery and wildlife of this special place.
- The Estates Office, Balmoral, Ballater, Aberdeenshire, AB35 5TB
- Tel: 013397 42534
- Email: [email protected]
- www.balmoralcastle.com
Glen Tanar Holiday Cottages
A fantastic range of 4 star luxury holiday cottages in beautiful Glen Tanar in the heart of Royal Deeside, Scotland, and within the Cairngorm National Park. No matter how you like to unwind and relax our cottages are an ideal place to start. We have a diverse range of accommodation and are sure to find a house to suit your needs. Each house has its own special qualities be it Rowan Cottage, a little stone bothy; West Millfield, a traditional Granite Cottage or Birkelunn, a truly Norwegian log cabin. All are furnished to a high standard.
- Brooks House Glen Tanar, Aboyne, Aberdeenshire, AB34 5EU Scotla
- Tel: 013398 86451
- Email: [email protected]
- www.glentanar.co.uk
Cairnton Farm Cottages
Cairnton Cottages are 3 superbly finished self catering cottages set within the grounds of Cairnton Aberdeen Angus Beef Farm on Royal Deeside, and with stunning views across the Dee Valley.
We accept dogs and we have stables and fields that we can accommodate horses also. Please ask for details.
The cottages are let from a Saturday to a Saturday but with some weekend or mid week lets available
The Cottages
The Stables
Three bedroom cottage with single study room. Under floor heating and a wet room. Disability Friendly. Sleeps 7
The Byre
Three bedroom cottage with large, spacious living area with wood burning stove. Sleeps 6
The Bothy
Two bedroom cottage south facing, under floor heating and views across Deeside. Sleeps 4/5
2 miles away from Deeside Activity Park which has various activities from Kart Racing to Quad Biking and Paintballing to Clay Pigeon Shooting. Staying at The Cottages will get you a 10% discount at the park!
"A very warm welcome and a great place to stay. Steak Pie was excellent, for 3 days I cleared my plate
- Dess, Aboyne, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, AB34 5BD
- Tel: 013398 83536
- Email: [email protected]
- www.cairntonfarmcottages.co.uk
Perkhill Holiday Cottages
Come and relax in our enviromentally friendly, recently renovated cottages in the heart of a family run farm known for its prize winning herd of Aberdeen Angus cattle. Choose between three properties located on a south facing hill, just outside the historic village of Lumphanan. "Macbeths Retreat" nestles beside Lumphanan burn and sleeps up to 6 people, "Lady Macbeths Rest" offers cosy accommodation for 4 and "King Duncans View" enjoys spectacular views over the hills whilst comfortably sleeping up to 8 people, including disabled access. All the cottages have underfloor heating provided in part by our biomass boiler, wood burning stoves, ipod docking stations, flat screen TVs with DVD player, fully equipped kitchens, Wi-fi, private parking and dogs are welcome in Macbeths Retreat. An ideal location for exploring Royal Deeside, skiing in the mountains or visiting the granite city of Aberdeen.
- Bankhead, Lumphanan, AB31 4RB
- Tel: 013398 83636
- Email: [email protected]
- perkhillholidaycottages.co.uk
Ballogie Estate Enterprises
Ballogie Estate Enterprises is a family run land management business established in 1850 covering 6000 acres on Deeside, Aberdeenshire. The key land based enterprises are livestock farming, cropping, forestry and field sports, which include an important salmon fishing operation on 3.5 miles of the River Dee. In addittion to our holiday cottages there is a large portfolio of let property, residential, commercial and agricultural, including 3 farms, the Butterworth Gallery, the Potarch Hotel and Midstrath Equiworld Club.
- Ballogie Estate Office, Aboyne, Aberdeenshire, AB34 5DS
- Tel: 013398 86497
- Email: [email protected]
- www.ballogie-estate.co.uk
Loch Kinord Hotel – Dinnet, Aboyne
A 3-star village hotel originally built in the 19th century by Queen Victoria's doctor. We offer 19 comfortable single, double and family rooms and are famed for our AA Rosette and Taste of Scotland dining that uses the very best of local produce. Great accommodation in this part of Scotland. There is often live folk music taking place with the Deeside Sessions. Our newly built self catering log cabins are an ideal base and each has 2 bedrooms sleeping up to 4. We have access to the River Feugh for fishing and a Ghillie who will pick up from the hotel and return back.
- Ballater Road Dinnet Royal Deeside, Nr Ballater, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, AB34 5LW
- Tel: 01339 885229
- Email: [email protected]
- www.lochkinord.com
Glenernan Self Catering Cottages
Two Self Catering Cottages converted from the old servants quarters and located near the village centre. The cottages each have a double bedroom with ensuite full wet room and large lounge diner. Aimed at couples and the single traveller they are both disabled friendly and include electricity, heating, linen, towels, LCD TV, DVD player, HiFi, free WiFi and private parking.
- 37 Braemar Road, Ballater, Aberdeenshire, AB35 5QD
- Tel: 013397 53111
Finzean Estate Farm Shop & Tearoom
Quote from the newly launched 10th edition of Peter Irvine's book "Scotland the Best" – FINZEAN FARM SHOP, DEESIDE – "This one's fabulous, a new one for the book. It's not on the main road, but between Banchory and Aboyne, in an estate. Kate and Catriona run it and it's just lovely, looking out on to the mountains. A lot of food sold here is from the estate – meat and game – and loads of stuff they make themselves, carefully sourced and very well presented. It's really special – one of the best in Britain, I'd say. A real foodie destination."
- Balnaboth Steading, Finzean, Aberdeenshire, AB31 6PA
- Tel: 01330 850710
- Email: [email protected]
- www.finzean.com
East Winds Cottage, Aboyne
East Winds Cottage is a beautifully converted coach-house situated in the heart of the charming Royal Deeside village of Aboyne offering easy access to the various sporting facilities in the area and within walking distance of all shops, restaurants, pubs and other amenities in Aboyne. East Winds Cottage can sleep up to eight in three bedrooms; the main bedroom has a super king size bed and connecting door to family bathroom, the second bedroom has a double bed and the third is a twin bedded room with two additional guest beds. There is a large lockable shed ideal for storing sports equipment, including rods, bicycles and skis. Sunday to Sunday lets to suit fishers. Open all year; short breaks available in low season. Free WiFi for those who simply have to stay in touch!
- Station Brae, Aboyne, AB34 5HU
- Tel: 013398 85498
- Email: [email protected]
Glenmuick Estate
Glenmuick Estate is a traditional sporting estate situated in the heart of Royal Deeside and the Cairngorms National Park, surrounded by some of Scotland's most beautiful scenery and filled with all the wildlife, epic landscapes and sporting opportunity that make Scotland such a truly special place. The estate offers driven and walked up grouse shooting, Red and Roe deer stalking and Salmon and Sea Trout fishing on the world famous River Dee. Luxury accommodation is available in either the truly spectacular Sporting Lodge or in one of the two delightful holiday cottages. Within walking distance of the attractive village of Ballater, Glenmuick estate and its accommodation is ideally situated to make the perfect base for your walking, photographic, sightseeing or sporting holiday.
- Glenmuick , Ballater, Aberdeenshire, AB35 5SL
- Tel: 01335 350279
- Email: [email protected]
- www.glenmuick.com
Castleton Cottage
Enjoy the scenery and large range of outdoor activities of the Cairngorm National Park, from a home base of a fully equipped cottage situated in the highland village of Braemar. Five minutes walk from the village centre. The cottage sleeps 2 adults and upto 2 children, has private parking, washing machine, fridge/freezer, microwave, cooker, woodburning stove, central heating, shower, and a TV with Freeview, baby cot and highchair (hire of a 3 wheel pushchair £15/wk). Dogs (only one please) 20£/wk, to be kept under control and never left unattended. Garden is shared with owner. A welcome pack of groceries is provided on arrival and wood for the stove. Rate from £345/wk. £435/wk Summer peak.
- 2 School Road, Braemar, Aberdeenshire, AB35 5ZR
- Tel: 013397 41426
- Email: [email protected]


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Could my hair loss be from iron deficiency?
I have been experiencing some hair loss. Though I am not yet in full panic mode, if it continues, I will be. I'm 44 and fortunately have had no serious health problems (knock wood) but lately there is no doubt about it I am losing hair. I became a vegetarian two years ago for health reasons and because my perimenopause has begun and I know that soy protein can be beneficial. Last year I tried to donate blood but was told that I didn't have enough iron to spare so I was turned down. That didn't mean I was anemic but it does suggest a problem. Could it be an iron deficiency that is causing my hair loss? I have taken iron supplements in the past and had to stop because my stomach was aching and I felt off. What else could I do to stop the hair loss from getting worse? Also, are there treatments available to help restore what I have lost?
Yes, it's possible that iron deficiency could be to blame for your hair loss, as a lack of iron affects your body's ability to produce hemoglobin. Found in red blood cells, hemoglobin is comprised of complex proteins that carry oxygen throughout the body and play a key role in hair growth.
However, low iron is just one possible explanation for thinning hair. I strongly recommend booking an appointment with a doctor and getting some blood tests done to pinpoint the issue.
In the event that it is iron deficiency-related hair loss, the good news is that the effects are usually not permanent. Taking a simple iron supplement can help boost your iron levels and repair the underlying issue.
You mentioned you experienced some discomfort when taking iron supplements in the past. Do you recall which type you used? There are a few different types of iron supplements, including ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous fumarate, which all contain a different quantity of iron.
You may find that your body responds more favorably to one of these supplements than the others. Taking an iron supplement with a small amount of food can also help reduce side effects. Alternatively, your doctor may recommend a liquid or intravenous iron supplement to, hopefully, eliminate or ease stomach discomfort.
There are a number of things you can do beyond iron supplements to minimize hair loss. Eating a healthy diet that includes iron-rich foods (such as leafy greens and lean proteins) can help raise iron levels, while incorporating more Vitamin C into your diet can assist your body in absorbing iron more efficiently.
Avoid using hair dyes, blow dryers, and curling irons, as they can damage healthy hair and may result in even more hair loss. Depending on your needs, your doctor may recommend using Minoxidil (Rogaine) to treat female pattern hair loss and stimulate hair regrowth.
I think the first step is to consult a doctor and, perhaps, a dietician as well, to rule out any nutritional deficiency.
Having a low iron level and being turned down for blood donation - you should see your primary care physician - have a history, medical exam and blood testing.
I recommend seeing a dietician and go over your diet and vitamin levels. Sometimes woman's hair loss is also genetic but there may be ways to help. Good Luck


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Thursday of the First Week in Ordinary Time
(Esther C:12.14-16.23-25; Matthew 7:7-12)
Rabbi's Harold Kushner best-seller When Bad Things Happen to Good People pictures an almost impotent God who helps people by inspiring them to work together. Prayer to such a deity, it claims, gives one occasion to think about what must be done to improve the situation herself. The book seems to say that any hope that the situation may be modified that goes beyond human will and perhaps chance is wishful thinking. Is there any way to reconcile such thinking to the Scripture readings today?
Jesus assures his disciples in today's gospel that God listens to prayers like an indulgent father attends to the pleas of his children. Queen Esther in the Old Testament selection demonstrates the proper stance vis-à-vis the Lord as she throws herself to the ground in supplication. In both cases God is considered as the real cause of change. Both readings claim that God can be counted on for assistance.
"Then why are not all prayers answered?" some will retort. This is an earnest question which may be called "the mystery of God's silence." Its answer is steeped in tradition although it will not satisfy everyone. It insists that we must acknowledge God in faith even though we will never understand all His ways. Just as He has been actively present to us countless times, He can withhold any recognizable response. Still we can be sure that He has heard our plea and will act on our behalf although when and how may not be forthcoming.


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Landing pages can play an important role in your business. They allow you to focus your message to your potential customers. When your message is focused and aligns with what your potential customers are searching for, the result is more leads and sales for you. And the best landing page creator can help you achieve that.
You may think that creating landing pages is difficult. That you have to be very computer savvy and technical.
That is not the case at all.
All you really have to be is willing to learn a new skill.
As long as you are willing to learn, there is a landing page builder that is simple to use online.
And it will take you only a little time to learn it.
Then you can be off to the races, creating great landing pages online quickly to turn your ideas into reality.
How does that sound?
Today, we will discuss 2 software. The first is a landing page builder. And the second is a software you can pair with the first to create a complete automated system.
Let's explore this software now.
(Photo from LeadPages)
LeadPages – This landing page builder software allows you to create beautiful landing pages in just a few minutes. You can take an idea and make it into reality quickly with this software. You can also create websites with this software.
You don't have to create a big website for every idea. If you have a business idea that just needs a couple of pages to get your point across, you can create that with LeadPages. Then you are up and running in a few minutes.
You can use this landing page creator to get people to join your newsletter, sign up for a webinar, or purchase something. Regardless of your goal, you can do it quickly and it will look awesome with LeadPages.
Here are some of the types of pages you can create…
- Lead Capture Pages
- Landing Pages
- Squeeze Pages
- Sales Pages
- Webinar Pages
- Video Training Pages
- And much more.
It's all up to your creativity.
Build simple landing pages in minutes with LeadPages now.
(Photo from Aweber)
Aweber – This software is great because you can create great email newsletters for your customers or potential customers. You can send automated emails to your customers to inform, share experiences, build relationships, and provide special offers.
You can send emails automatically or you can send a broadcast message to your customers anytime you want. This is great for marketing automation so you can spend your time on more important tasks.
This software is a great addition to LeadPages. They integrate easily and work well together. Use them together to create a simple system by combining a landing page creator with automated emails.
Start capturing email subscribers with Aweber now.
Today, we have covered 2 great software.
The first was LeadPages, the best landing page builder you can use to create pages quickly. The second software was Aweber for creating newsletters and automated emails.
You can pair the 2 software together to create a complete system with landing pages to capture lead contact information and automatic emails to build customer relationships.
And the best part is that you can test drive both of these software first with a free trial. Then if you enjoy the software, you can continue using it at a reasonable price.
You could begin testing out the landing page creator and email automation software in just a few short minutes from now. Then you can decide if they are the best solution for you!


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Walt Disney Co (NYSE: DIS) last Thursday announced fourth-quarter earnings in all its businesses. According to the earnings statement, the firm reported disappointing earnings that missed analysts' expectations. The shocking earnings miss was caused by the loss of ESPN subscribers, which resulted in weakness in its film studios. The effect of hurricane Irma that hit Florida where the Company's theme park is located also had a negative effect on the top and bottom lines.
The poor earnings report shocked investors and the company's shares drop 3% to $99.59 in after-hour trading. Walt Disney reported earnings and revenue of $1.07 per share and $12.8 billion respectively, which missed analysts' prediction of $1.12 per share and 3% lower than earnings from the previous year.
A Tough Quarter for Walt Disney
Walt Disney announced a lower than expected report for the fourth quarter that ended in September. The firm missed Wall Street analysts' expectation in all business segments including consumer product description, park, and resort, movie studio, and media network unit. This disappointing report exerts a downward pressure on Disney's shares sending it down 3%. More so, out of Walt Disney's four operating segments, only the park, and resort segment posted an improving operating income and revenue.
[Read more about: IBM Stocks Soar after Great Earnings Report]
According to the report, the revenue for the media segment that includes the company's sports channel was down 3% to $5.4 billion. Although the revenue was similar to previous year's report, the firm recorded a decline in the number of subscribers and advertising revenue even as affiliate revenue rose.
The movie studio, which is the largest segment record a great loss as its revenue drop 21% to $3.95 billion, which is below analyst expectation of $4.06 billion. However, analyst believed that hurricane Irma that struck Florida in September caused Walt Disney to shut down it world resort for two days. However, this influenced Walt Disney's fourth-quarter earnings as it cost the entertainment firm around $275 million, which is equivalent to 11 cents per share.
Separately, the firm recorded a 6% increase of $4.7 billion in revenue and a 7% increase in its operating income for the park and resort business. According to the report, Disney's total revenue for the fourth quarter fell to $12.78 billion lower than the $13.14 billion from the previous year and misses the $13.15 billion predicted by analysts.
Walt Disney Ready to Compete with Rivals
Although the firm has profited greatly from its TV channels, as consumers dump cable subscription for online replacement, the firm's growth is challenged. For this reason, Walt Disney announced in August it's preparing to launch its own direct-to-customer streaming service in 2019 to compete with other rivals. More so, the California-based firm plans to end the distribution agreement with Netflix for subscription services in 2019. In a conference call held with the analyst on Thursday, Walt Disney's CEO, Robert Iger told analyst that the firm is ready to compete with rivals.
According to the statement released by Disney's CEO, Robert Iger, "We look forward to launching our first direct-to-consumer streaming service in the New Year, and we will continue to invest for the future and take the smart risks required to deliver shareholder value."
Although analysts were skeptical about Walt Disney's cable business, however, they still believe that "Star Wars" that is scheduled to debut in December can still cough up $2 billion in global office sale for the firm. According to Ivan Feinseth, an analyst at Tigress Financial Partners, "…The last Jedi," hitting theaters in December could ring up $2 billion in global box office sale."