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Alexey Zelenskiy. Badiou and Philosophical Dispositions towards the Radical Change (English page)
Three classical philosophical topics, – being, truth and subject, – were dramatically recast by one of the most prominent contemporary European thinkers Alain Badiou (born 1937), who intervened recent debates with a decisively strong philosophical program built upon the necessity and possibility of attaching to these seemingly outdated categories. In this respect, it would be no exaggeration to say that the originality of Badiou's philosophy is concentrated in his concept of event. There is arguably another ultimately sensitive to the problem of event philosophical project as the one by Alain Badiou. One may also depart from another Badiou's claim, which can serve as a hypothesis in figuring out of the proposed concept's originality. It is a statement about the «four conditions of philosophy» and eventful domains: politics, science, art and love [1]. Badiou assures us that philosophical orientations towards these topics determine possibilities to think events.
Events are commonly regarded as something appearing in or through time. The question then arises of a minimal evidence of an event in time. The notion of change seems to be a good candidate for eventfulness. In its daybreak the Western philosophy gave birth to two concurred orientations regarding the possibility of change. One of them, represented by Heraclitus, admitted change as a fundamental attribute of all existing. Another great thinker, Parmenides made a risky and counterintuitive step assuming that the one of all being didn't move or change at all. Thus, while Heraclitus justified the total becoming from the point of view of fluxible sensual appearances, and Parmenides argued on the supra-sensual grounds of being.
A theoretical task of thinking the processual being urged decisions concerning an appropriate language in which becoming could be expressed. Should it be based upon the fixed categories or be as fluid as appearances was always the question of language's nature, representational or imitative, which is still discussed. Although similar attempts had been rare, one might recognize in Hegel's system an exemplary simulation of becoming represented with an advance from one category to another. In general, there usually were more philosophers of being than philosophers of becoming, who can be counted on fingers: Heraclitus, probably stoics, Hegel, Nietzsche, Bergson, Deleuze.
In different indigenous and profound philosophers, we can find conflicting recognition of possibilities for changes: besides those, who admit only nil possibility, there are some, who claim that possibilities for changes are always limited, while others argue that such possibilities are limitless. Moreover, another big question originating disagreement concerning the problem of change is the question of a possibility of the new. This second aspect certainly radicalizes the thinking of change through ages.
In early 1900s two British philosophers and mathematicians A.N.Whitehead and B.Russell initiated contemporary discussion over a better understanding of what the scientifically studied world consisted of. B.Russell introduced a program of the «logical atomism», according to which there were three types of irreducible ontological entities composing all facts in the world – properties, relations and events. [2] Whitehead maintained that there were no good reasons to uphold an ontological priority of objects due to a lack of certainty about their spatial and temporal localization. Since coordinates (of objects) are thought in abstract geometrical terms of the dimensionless point, there is little physical sense in such approach. For Whitehead, speaking of fields correlating objects with each other and of processes is of much relevance. The world consists of events, which build compositions and sequences. Processes prevail over static states. [3]
Russell is also famous by his contribution to the discussion of the set theory and axiomatic formalization of arithmetic. The logicist project he had supported immediately approached the question of infinite sets. Since the logical possibility for this approach has been prior, the failure to define or construct an infinite set indicated impossibility of infinitude and inconsistency of its notion. Logic forbids infinite objects, which means either that there is not any or that nothing can be known about them. For instance, the physical Universe itself, according to the official science, appears finite. It means that it cannot expand forever, because of the finite amount of energy and matter and hence finite possibilities for events in the theoretical relativistic meaning. According to a pop-scientific scenario, one day the Universe is supposed to die and, maybe to begin its way back in time to the singularity.
In this regard, Badiou's ontological explication of the set-theory is striking. He demonstrates that the inconsistent infinite multiplicity is precisely being as being, and that mathematics happened to be able to think the very presentation of being as multiple [4, p. 4].
Then, what about the potentially infinite? Unlike the ancient culture, contemporary science and hence positivistic philosophy presumes evolution. Evolution presumes a linear rather than a cyclic time and occurring of the new with its new possibilities rather than just a realization of possibilities. But there are assumed different types of evolution: evolution of life, geological evolution, evolution of the Universe. Though some general theories of evolution have been elaborated, it seems that yet it makes sense to regard each of particular evolutions more or less independently from others, unless the division between the animate and inanimate nature will have been removed with some holistic vision. Meanwhile, mostly non-scientific versions of such holistic vision are still prevailing in number. Hence, if it had been possible for something infinite to occur or develop in the finite Universe, would science be able to recognize that? It seems at least possible, although not inarguably, to scientifically think some emergent possibilities in the objective world due to which such complex phenomena as life and conscience can be explained complementary to the physical realm.
A significant impact on the philosophical theories of the second part of the XX century was the study of language. The relationship between the structures in language and the said by means of them things has had to be explored and explained. People live in the world of said and sayable things, which are usually confused with things as they are. It is impossible to tell what things are the way they are, so it remains only to study what the said things are. This is commonly the way the so-called «analytical philosophy» operates. The analytical philosophy suggests that, at least from the first reach, every conceptual problem may be examined as a question of the use of language, i.e. what accordingly to it can and cannot be said. Language expressions can indicate distinctions, which a language user implements for speaking of «natural species». It, hence, involves, if any, ways of specifying events from other entities in statements. Though there is no general consensus among analytical philosophers about the real existence of events, i.e. whether events merely correlate to ways of speaking or they are something in the world which one speaks about, the discussion as such promises an advance in understanding linguistic conditions for thinking of these entities in question. It is obvious that events can appear as subjects in sentences and be variously predicated. One can distinct between such sentences as: «The people joyfully celebrate the Independence Day» and «The celebration of the Independence Day by the people was joyful». Since the subject in the first sentence is «the people» and it is predicated with a «joyful celebration of the Independence Day», this sentence describes an object. However, the subject in the second sentence, «the celebration» («of the Independence Day by the people») is definitely an event rather than an object. It is taken as something possessing a property to be joyful, so that the statement presumes it as an independent referent. While some analytics insisted on the minimal ontology's necessity to recast every event-sentence by the object-sentence, philosopher D. Davidson suggested accepting existence of both objects and events. Though, there are other analytically relevant problems with speaking and thinking of events, such as quantification, identification and structure of events. For example, from the point of view of the structure, the three-componential event «the meeting of R. Nixon and Mao Zedong in Beijing» cannot be the same as the two-componential event «the meeting of R. Nixon and Mao Zedong» although this people met only once. [5; 6]
However, scientifically oriented investigations into the processuality didn't represent all contemporary philosophical discussions of the topic. Another source became the philosophy of life, especially the works of A. Bergson. The philosophy of life made a decisive turn in the direction of overcoming the scientific rationality and understanding of nature. It became an anti-scientist and anti-positivist trend in the continental intellectual culture, looking for new perspectives in exiting existential and cultural crisis. Here, life manifested to be put on the place of the ultimate value and ontological ground. Life is the real procreative invariant of every process and entity, and thinking and knowledge must implement its features to find the way to persist.
Another opposition for the new scientific positivism and naturalism in early 1900s made a German philosopher M. Heidegger. M. Heidegger is famous for his fundamental ontology of the «Being and Time» project. Early Heidegger urged the obliteration of the question of being in philosophy. He opposed metaphysical «disinterested» concept of the Supreme Being with thinking of Dasein, the being-there, temporal finite being of the hitherwards. In his later writings Heidegger sought for a possibility to bind being with time in a more vivid and profound way. This unity is what he calls «eventfulness». Since time is being timed from future, an ultimate possibility and horizon of which is death, every event is an opening of a crossing of the temporal and the eternal. [7, p. 240; 8] In his meditations on technique he also discusses the epochal «opening» and «closing» of being due to its oblivion. The ontic closure of the world can face eventfulness only in a form of a catastrophe.
Famous French philosopher G.Deleuze, who is very ambiguously recognized with respect to the postmodernism, has indigenously combined views of B.Spinoza, F.Nietzsche and A.Bergson into a prominent philosophy of becoming. He argued for the univocity of Being which consists of a virtuality of becoming. In his view, virtuality preponderates over actuality as the power of a dynamic chaos of being. It determines infinite plasticity of life and its immediate eventfulness. It is also the name for the unity of being. Scientifically cognized finite facts are mere static slices, which via their operational transparence obscure the dynamic being of difference. However, he admits that the scientific plan of reference can experience fluctuations of the underlying chaos and produce local anomalies and incompleteness.
While the concept by Deleuze implements a strong version of infinity and unity of being, the deconstruction is aimed at a maximal weakening of both. One of the paradoxical concepts by this branch of postmodernism became the «weak god». It rereads the story of Christ as of the one, whose crucifixion became the manifestation of an ultimate powerlessness and injustice, a claim without support, only in which rather than in miracles and demonstrations of a great power the divinity can reveal. [9] This unity of an evanescent existence with impotence is, obviously, an antipode of any type of «will-to-power» concepts and a carrier of a negative eventfulness of the undeconstructible. The theological motif here is the means to suspend a necessity and obviousness of the scientific discourse, which uncritically admits natural entities possessing positive properties. Postmodernists normally don't trust the appellations and references to reality as well as they don't maintain the strict divisions between discourses.
The contemporary critical theory shares the intention to reject naturalism too. Nature became a name for something, which cannot be overcome as a fate or destiny. In the view of the critical theorists, the concept of nature hides inside it the idea of a power secured from a political struggle, from discussion or decision making. Applying to nature means terminating further discussion, since race, sex, age etc. remain a matter of biology independently to political and communal decisions. Critical thinkers reject such closed use of «nature». Identities, destinies and relationships have to be open, hence the politically and culturally relevant nature as well. That means that regardless to the finitude and closure of the natural world the critical theory maintains the possibility and necessity of creating new worlds with new possibilities instead of realizing those prescribed by a world supposed to be real.
Summarizing all those confronting views and «ideologies» A. Badiou infers that one of the most difficult questions for the ontology of the modernity is producing a positive or affirmative concept of the infinite. Since this concept is crucial for the theory of the radical novelty, such possibility would indicate a significant role of events, which would have to be thought as those which interrupt the order of things and give birth to what had been impossible. The only adequate way to maintain an appropriate concept of event as the radical change, thus, according to Badiou, lies in a building the ontology on the base of the mathematical set theory, because it admits thinking of multiplicity, void and exception. [4] Here multiplicity would stand for a mode of presentation of being qua being, void – for the being's proper name as no-one, on the base of relations to which the thinking of being and truth is possible; and exception would regulate the opening of being qua being or the existence of truths in the world. In his major writings Badiou demonstrates, that the existence of truths necessitates events as ruptures in the ontological order.
We can see in general that the change can be thought today in several ways. First, it can be taken absolutely classically as a realization of finite possibilities. This is the most trivial meaning of events. It is permitted in the analytical philosophy, for which the limits of the world coincide with the limits of the language, and in the scientific positivism. Whatever unusual happens, it has to be determined by the laws of nature, i.e. to be inscribed into causal chains. Second, in the vitalists' view, the perpetually moving or during living matter is capable for indefinite mutations, transformations, becomings. Since, for the eternally becoming, it makes no sense to differentiate causes and effects, as well as the temporal modalities, there can be only an overarching eventfulness without determination and direction. It would be impossible to speak of an event as a rupture within this ontology. Third, in Heidegger's vision, an event is always what happens in the history of the being rather than with scientifically or technically understood objects. Events are immediately connected to the opening and the closure of being, so there hardly is a method to study or register them. Fourth, there are also the critical theorists claiming for events as the interruptions in the causal chains. This is the revolutionary vision of the novelty, where the new is not something created in the world, but a new world with new created possibilities, when what had been impossible becomes possible. Fifth, deconstruction authors would deny that there can be a certain moment of event in the infinitely dispersing texture of references. As their ontology is conventionally multiple and pluralistic, such that the difference dominates over the identity, it would be difficult to elaborate a theory of a radical change. It shares with the analytical and naturalistic approaches the presumption of a gradual up to an absolutely relative change. All this suggests a deeper look into the metaphysical backgrounds.
There is a general reception within the contemporary philosophy, according to which an assumption that philosophy can elaborate by its own means consistent ontological propositions is identified as a metaphysical assumption. In regards like this, it is not the question about a possibility for ontology but rather a question on the possibility of metaphysics is of the main importance. One can say that in this respect the dominant tendency in all major contemporary philosophical traditions was a tendency of putting restrictions for metaphysical thinking. One can definitely find this tendency in a form of a program in the positivism and its most prominent successor the analytic philosophy, which devoted a long enough time of its development to the task of overturning the metaphysics and submitting ontology to the borders of science, refined from metaphysical reminders in turn. The later shift towards the semantics of the ordinary language and ontology of everyday life tended to re-submit metaphysical outcomes to broadly understood anthropology and psychology.
Independently to the positivists' grounds, continental philosophers attacked metaphysics from very different directions. There at least can be recognized the Marxist and Post-Marxist ideological critics of metaphysics, the existential overturn and deconstructionism. Marxists redefined ontology in terms of material production, historical and dialectical materialism. Existentialists attempted to found ontology on the grounds of individual's existence. Deconstructionism of different kinds submitted ontology to poetical potencies of language. One can recognize in these three approaches a tendency of abridging metaphysics up to its complete elimination in different forms of postmodern relativisms.
Other two topics, those of truth and subject, have being attacked at earliest starting from F. Nietzsche and at least from two flanks. First of all, again, these notions are under suspect in belonging to metaphysics, but this time in its gnoseological side. Secondly, they have been carefully eliminated from dominant discourses, including art, politics and science, and in the latter – starting from mathematics and up to the social sciences and humanities.
General objections against the metaphysical ontology and similarly gnoseology can be summarized in next rubrics: anti-transcendentalism, anti-essentialism and anti-foundationalism. Anti-transcendentalism consists of the critics of any appellation to some ultimate conditions of existence, knowledge or whatever else. The being of such ultimate conditions would be transcendental in two aspects. It, first of all, has to be inaccessible on and from the level of the conditioned. The distance here is infinite, and no passing from one being towards another one can ever lead to their totality and substantiality, to which one could only «transcend» i.e. «overstep» via some unordinary operation. Second, the ultimate conditions would have to be of an absolutely different nature having nothing in common with that of the conditioned. So, instead of speaking of being in one precise sense, transcendentalism just doubles the problem.
Although the ontological transcendentalism in the modernity became rare, the gnoseological transcendentalism raised and appeared strong enough to be easy to overcome. In a more simplified form it was enacted by the introduction of the psycho-physical dualism, attributed to Descartes. Subject has been conceptualized and put into consideration via this division of the reality into the physical and the mental domains. Respectively the counterpart of subject, id est object has had to enter the modern ontology. In Kant's philosophy this division obtained a well-developed ground, wherefrom another version, that of the methodological transcendentalism, becomes possible. Kant pictured cognition as a process of constructing the reality without any means to claim about the world as it is outside our constructions. His theory also contributed to farther elaborating of the concept of subject as the presumably free acting agent of morality and social progress due to the claimed transcendental freedom of the rational will and self-consciousness. Thus, the ontological transcendentalism was overcome only for sake of the cognitive or methodological transcendentalism, recasting as the metaphysical any assumption about the reality as such beyond its descriptions and explanations.
Obviously, being thought radically, the methodological transcendentalism would sooner or later turn to concerns over the theoretical distinction between subject and object, because the former cannot be opposed to the later on the base of some fundamental relation or different nature any more. So, there can be at least two options: either to attempt a new conceptualization of subject, or to refuse this notion at all.
But, whatever decision would have to be maid, it couldn't avoid involving the problem of truth. The far the classical distinction of subject and object has been maintained, the far the correspondent concept of truth could have been maintained, since this concept conditioning truth as the accordance of statements to facts. One can see that in the post-Hegelian idealism another concept of truth predominated. That was the condition of coherence between statements in a system, when a new statement is true if it doesn't contradict to the established truths. This concept is widely implemented in mathematics. However, new approaches to the epistemology of thee natural science couldn't be satisfied with this interpretation and starting from the logical positivism sought to refine the correspondence concept. The improvement has become a formulation, according to which the truth is rather the correspondence of a description to the observation. But, once it became clear that there can also be competitive descriptions corresponding to the same observation, one has to decide between them on independent criteria. Thus pragmatic vision has been complemented, according to which one has had to choose the most effective and relevant to a concrete task description or explanation.
Being taken independently, the pragmatic criterion could fundamentally recast the correspondence, because of concerning beliefs as practical means and actions, meanwhile an action cannot be true or false at all. Contemporary theorists regard communicative and discursive strategies as a means of creating rather than discovering truths. This vision has been promoted in the neo-pragmatism by Rorty [10, p. 3] and the formal pragmatics by Habermas [11, pp. 118-132]. Here truths can appear in two respects: first a truth is something which allows a participant to succeed in communication, and second, it is an achieved convention or consensus about the topic.
Another option was promoted in the Nietzsche's perspectivistic concept of truth in a certain degree influenced existentialists' subjective vision. Nietzsche argued that in opposite to the universalistic and objectivist claims truths cannot go for anyone. Instead, there are only individually suiting truths, which correspond to a personal physical and spiritual constitution. There are perpetual clashes of forces in history, and due to this there emerge incompatible compositions, which cannot be generalized and isolated from the reality in a figure of an eternal truth. As such the extramundane truth, according to Nietzsche, must be opposed via the vital untruth. Here the poetically oriented contemporary intellectuals draw inspiration for aligning untruth, fiction and creative invention against the dictate of prescribed «true» identities, objective values and meanings.
An understanding of truth, which has been at furthest from the epistemological receptions, had been introduced by M. Heidegger. His thinking of truth is completely ontological, that is that truth is an opening or clearing (German «Lichtung») of being. One can stay in this opening and thus human being is defined.
The second anti-metaphysical trend, anti-essentialism undermines the traditional categorical relationships between essence and appearance on the one hand and between essence and existence on the other. First, it rejects the idea that something can act as an essence for another thing. Second, anti-essentialism asserts inconsistency of asserting the precedence of essence before existence. In both aspects the preference given to essence is recognized as a source of the troubles.
But, where this concept of essence originates from? The word «essence» or Latin «essentia» is produced from the word «to be», «esse», hence it, first of all, merely designates being. «Essence» means «being qua being» and it is to signify being as such. Though, a certain significant addition marks essence apart the being as such, and this addition concerns the sense or the meaning of being. «Essence» assumes that being qua being is being in the sense of being (and nothing else or in particular). Its distinction from appearance ascends to the discussion of the One and the multiple in the ancient Greek philosophy. It is easy to see, why Greeks admired the One: it's because the One is as or the way it is, that is that its existence completely and perfectly coincides with its being, that its being is consistent. In opposite, the multiple, i.e. that, which has different parts, or sides, or temporal stages, appears in different aspects, exists in different senses and isn't at any moment completely what it is, it in-consists. So, some earlier philosophers concluded, it necessitates a special vision in which being qua being would be accessible instead of the multiple of the apparent. The essence of a thing would from here on be understood as the identity of the being of that thing from the point of view of a final unity of all its appearances. That this identity precedes a thing could be inferred from the persisting similarities between things, which in turn just came and passed away.
To recast the claim on essences' independent being, contemporary philosophy holds different strategies. The first is to explain identity and integrity without referring to a hypothetical essence. This includes not only an overcoming of the Platonism of models and copies, but Aristotelianism of substantial or «inner» and accidental or «outer» qualities as well. The naturalistic approach, for instance, maintains that, first, there is only the nature, and, second, there is nothing essential among the natural objects, the qualities of which are to be studied and understood in a fairly external way of their interactions with each other. In the systemic approach, the essences or identities of entities are defined purely via their structures and relations within the systems they belong to. The second strategy is to reject the idea of a fixed identity. Here identity is a matter of an arbitrary choice in a particular situation, when the proceeding through the differences is being violently interrupted. Identity at the most is the side of a description of the reality, but it doesn't rule the reality. Reality has nothing to identify with, and it is pregnant with inconsistencies and irregularities due to motions and fractal structures. Although there can be discovered certain repetitions and regularities in the nature and embraced by the notion of the laws of nature, it doesn't seem that they can be put to support some identity mechanism in the world. Moreover, there are always many ways to suspend the claims that the world is the same as it is said to be. Concerning the social identities, then there are least controversies that all identities are being constructed.
At last, anti-foundationalism is concerned with the use of being in whatever sense – be it a being of facts, immediateness of the present and so on – in order to rely on it whatever claims. There are different types of rejection of the foundational vision. For example, existential thinkers deny that individual existence and existential choice have a meaningful foundation in reality. Late Wittgenstein argued that language is foundationless too. Constructivists deny any determinations from without the cognitive processes. Anti-foundationalism is, thus, the most threatening for the classical epistemological concepts of truth and subject.
Once the metaphysical ontology is discredited, there remain two questions. First, is ontology as such inevitably metaphysical in the mentioned above way? Second, if there can be a non-metaphysical ontology, what it is like?
In contemporary philosophy, the conceptualization of the problem of being was put to be relied on what can and cannot be expressed with language and on relation between the former and the later. For the logical positivists, nothing meaningful can be said about being as well as about non-being as such. Quine puts his relevant theorem in such way: "To be is to be the value of a bounded variable". [12, p. 15] One can see that this consideration restricts the meaning of being with a realm of things or material objects and relations. The more radical reception is represented by the «linguistic philosophy», which is attested either as an anti-realism or as a linguistic transcendentalism. The reason for such attributions is that those intellectuals from the analytical tradition reject any possibility to speak of the reality outside language. According to them, language is the ultimate origin of ontology.
The exemplary existentialists' approach pinpoints an openness of being as being, which is significantly unfolds itself in the indeterminacy of the concept of being. Heidegger argued that via introduction of a true supreme being metaphysics didn't resolve the problem at all, but rather in addition distracted from the question and obliterated it.
In views of postmodernists, who are usually also associated with anti-realistic linguistic trend, there is no possibility of thinking an immediate being in its pure presence. Representation as the only given disseminates an effect of presence between signifiers. Every set of signifiers lacks totality and consistency, hence providing its components with neither efficient identity nor authenticity.
Post-metaphysical revisions of the problem of truth, as we could see, in one or other way separate the question of truth from the question of cognition and relation to reality. The far a reality can be just a subjective or social construction, the less respects to problematizing the relationship between knowledge and its object.
Though, consequently, the less the notion of subject of knowledge is suitable for epistemology, the more prominent are the problems of the moral, the psychological, the political or the artistic subject. First of all, the critical attention here is being drawn to the Kantian «free-will subject», which is a key to the possibility of morality and free choice in general. The scientific disproval of a possibility to make independent conscious decisions contradicts to personal experiences, so it can be supposed that individuals are directed – by brains or by social structures – via the illusion of freedom of thought and will. Whatever experiences of an internal freedom are, there are moral reasoning against farther study of brain-personality relationship in human, because it can be destructive for social interactions ruled by moral values, duty and responsibility. That is to protect the society one needs to secure the free moral subject. By the way, this type of subjectivity has been violently attacked not only from science, but from philosophy – Nietzsche, Foucault – and psychoanalysis as well. These facts suggest a revision of morality as such, due to supposition that it is just a useless metaphysical remainder.
Nonetheless, besides the postmodern manifestation of the «death of subject», there can be found prominent concepts, which defiantly re-introduce the classical Cartesian subject into the total cultural sphere. The major figure here was a French psychoanalyst J. Lacan, who claimed that the modern scientific rationality had become a product of a foreclosure in the symbolic order, due to which the unconscious was discovered by Freud. That foreclosure consisted of the demand imposed on speaking individual to left aside his or her personal contents while speaking of facts. This has to become a non-psychological concept of a subject. The concept by L. Althusser was very close to that by Lacan. Although, both were creatively re-elaborated by contemporary critical theorists, like, for example, J. Butler, who contributed with concepts of multiple subjectivity, there can be traced more «orthodox» Lacanian and Althusserian trends, represented by S. Zizek, J-A. Miller, E. Balibar, J. Ransiere and A. Badiou. Their approaches demonstrate that against the structuralists and postmodernists claims a non-transcendentalist, non-essentialist and non-foundationalist theory of subject is possible.
Badiou's subject can be interpreted as an orientation of a certain construction. So, it is rather formal than psychological or cognitivist. Subject is given birth by event, that radical rupture in a texture of being and appearing, and in a sense becomes a subject-truth (truth as a subject). A truth is never a knowledge, but an excess (it cannot be grasped with language and cut from its generic-multiple being thus always making a remainder) and exception (it is not a body and not a language). That is why it makes a real change, the new possible. A whole enterprise is to examine the extents in which, for example, contemporary science or politics rely on truths. That is also the question about their attentiveness to event and capability for true subjects. Yet, since the polyvalence of multiple-being, Badiou complements science and politics with art and love. To put it short, these four realms made the major contexts of contemporary use of the word "subject". No need to provide a sophisticated argumentation for sakes of a political, scientific, artistic or amorous significance of a true subject. On the base of the set theory Badiou demonstrates that truths and subjects are ontologically possible. In his Ethics he demonstrates their necessity and desirability. At last, in Logics of Worlds [13], he gives a systematic description of how subjects and truths appear in a world. What the four domains are invoked to show is that an orientation with respect to a possibility of a radical change is never mere theoretical, but involves stances and responsibility in relation to creativity, freedom and genuine amorous experience. Thinking of a possibility of truths can be the hallmark task for philosophy as such and its historically invariant contribution. In the contingent and sometimes hopeless from a particular «regional» perspective situation the affirmation of the possibility of truths can be realized as a radical intervention, a breakthrough, which is the most radical definition of event.
- Badiou A. Manifesto for Philosophy. State University of New York Press, 1999. – 190 p.
- Russell B. Our Knowledge of the External World: As a Field for Scientific Method in Routledge Classics. 2009. – 211 p.
- Whitehead A.N. Process and Reality (Gifford Lectures Delivered in the University of Edinburgh During the Session 1927-28). Free Press; 2nd edition, 1979. – 413 p.
- Badiou A. L'être et l'événement. Éditions du Seuil, Paris, 1988. – 677 p.
- Bennett, J. Events and Their Names. Oxford University Press, 1988. – 248 p.
- Vermazen, B., and Hintikka, M. B. (eds.) Essays on Davidson: Actions and Events, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985. – 272 p.
- Heidegger M. The Event. Indiana University Press, 2012. – 336 p.
- Joronen M. Heidegger, event and the ontological politics of the site. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Volume 38, Issue 4, October 2013. — p. 627–638.
- Caputo J. D. The Weakness of God: A Theology of the Event. Indiana University Press, 2006. — 376 p.
- Rorty R. Essays on Heidegger and others. Philosophical Papers Volume 2. Camebridge: Camebridge University Press, 1991. – 212 p.
- Habermas J. Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action. Polity Press, 2007. – 242 pp.
- Quine W.V.O. From a Logical Point of View: Nine Logico-Philosophical Essays. Harvard University Press, 1980. — 200 p.
- Badiou A. Logiques des Mondes. L'être et l'événement II. Éditions du Seuil, Paris, 2006. – 639 p.


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Frodo and Sam are trekking to Mordor to destroy the One Ring of Power while Gimli, Legolas and Aragorn search for the orc-captured Merry and Pippin. All along, nefarious wizard Saruman awaits the Fellowship members at the Orthanc Tower in Isengard.
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- Stars:Cate Blanchett, Miranda Otto, Sean Bean, Andy Serkis, Calum Gittins, Brad Dourif, Bruce Allpress,
- Uploader:NickDan
- Country:USA, New Zealand
- Director:Peter Jackson,
- Writer:J.R.R. Tolkien (novel), Fran Walsh (screenplay), Philippa Boyens (screenplay), Stephen Sinclair (screenplay), Peter Jackson (screenplay)
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The Lord Of The Rings: The Two Towers torrent reviews
Phillip S (es) wrote: This movie is rather insane. Often keeps you feeling as emotionally whip-lashed as Marisa Tomei seems in most of the film. But just like Vincent D'Onofrio's time vaulting character the movie remains odd and charming to the last, even allowing for some rather cop-out moments to smack of genuineness. Definitely worth an evening watch over take-out chinese. Check it out bitches.
JArt 2 (it) wrote: I rather watch Batman and Robin once every day for the rest of my life instead of watching this stupid abomination piece of crap of a movie god it's so stupid.
Jenna P (ag) wrote: Sam Neill continues his extended audition for EVENT HORIZON in a latter day John Carpenter picture that is completely bonkers in all the right ways (except the ending). John Trent (Neill) is hired to investigate a missing cash cow of a horror writer only to discover that said writer might have found a way to write reality instead of just fiction.I'm not sure that I should say more than that. As I wrote, the ending was a bit of a letdown, but up until the final two minutes, I enjoyed everything. This movie has monsters for monster fans, jump scares and creepy camera work, montage sequences, buckets of blood, terrifying children, Sam Neill crying his eyes out (see what I did there? ha!), and layers of meta humor about artists creating art and its level of importance in the world. It even spends quite a bit of the movie in an asylum. Good times!
Elisa R (ru) wrote: Well, it is hard to find wire more attractive than the real husband-wife Dennis Quaid and Ryan but the film is ugly. You must take a shower after observation of this film. Gwyneth Paltrow is the final principal character and it is as much, not moreover, of a lowlife that the others. Each one trashy inside here, really.
Jonathan H (de) wrote: Watched this on TV while making the girls' breakfast. Corny and sappy - certainly need a heavy dose of nostalgia and sentimentality to enjoy this musical. Having said that, only delivering flapjacks to the girls pulled me away. I'm a sucker for musicals.
CHIYANG T (de) wrote: (2013/02/14/Rmvb) WTF?!
Facebook U (au) wrote: Kid film that is fun enough at times. It's like it is having a life extension.


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Whole school assemblies during week commencing 11th March have focused on the variety of support services available to our students within school. Please find attached details of the information shared with students during assemblies which covers the main services available, what support they can offer and how students can access their support. If you have any further questions or queries, please contact your child's Head of House in the first instance.
School Counsellor: Sue Dodds
Tuesday 9am-3pm, Wednesday 10am-3pm, Thursday 10am-3pm
Community Inclusion Room in the Clic
Family issues, Friendship issues, Behaviour, Anxiety, Bullying, Issues affecting your mood, Self-esteem, Confidence.
Referral by Head of House
School Nurse: Helen Lilley
Monday 9am-12pm
Community Inclusion Room in the Clic
Having difficulty with an emotional issue that is affecting daily life, for example, school attendance, friendships, sleep.
Referral by Head of House
School Nurse Drop In: Stacey Soulsby/Helen McCann
Thursday 12.30-1.30pm.
Community Inclusion Room in the Clic
You can come and talk to us about keeping healthy, drugs and alcohol, sexual health, relationships, smoking and weight management. We will be commencing a C-Card Scheme which is a confidential service where you can obtain free contraceptives. This is only available to Year 10 and Year 11 students. Sign up sessions will be offered on 18th & 21st March, 3.30-4.30pm.
Attend the drop in, if you need to speak to a school nurse outside of this time, your Head of House can contact us to come in to school – they do not need to know why you need us.
Police Community Support Officers: CSO Cardus/CSO Scott/CSO Cody/CSO Peverall
We are apart of the local Neighbourhood Policing Team which work shifts which include earlies and late finishes working on a 5 week rota.
Police Station, The Galleries, Washington, NE38 7RY. A lot of the time you can find us out on the streets on the beat.
Emergencies, intelligence, local issues in your area or even just for a chat.
You can contact us on 999 and 101 via phone. As well as email by following the links online, you can also pop down to the front office of the police station Monday-Friday or you can request our support by talking to your Head of House.


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Hi CFMA - I have a client with an immediate opening for an accounting person with strong skills and experience in:
Accounts Payable which includes but not limited to review of invoices, data entry of invoices in QB, create checks and pay invoices. Communicate with vendors/subs regarding payment status.
Accounts Receivable which includes but not limited to notarizing pay applications, entering pay apps in QB, collection calls, create and submit monthly claim notices. Enter service type invoices in QB from Project Manager and make collection calls etc.
Payroll which includes but not limited to receiving time from our field employees, reviewing time, data entry of time, create direct deposit of payroll. Create certified payroll for specific projects, Create Monthly Union Reporting.
Administrative Support which includes but not limited to report reproduction, project management support, maintaining filing/record keeping, operating/maintaining office equipment, telephone support, greet customers etc.
Company Benefits include: 2 weeks paid vacation (after one year of employment), 2 paid sick days, paid Holidays, 401k with company match of employee's contribution (not to exceed 4%), Healthcare coverage for the employee and their entire family at no additional cost to employee, Bonus is based on annual profits and is 100% discretionary.
Salary is negotiable based on experience
I am currently using Quickbooks Pro for all accounting and payroll.
If you know of anyone, please let me know.
Central Texas Chapter
Contact: email@example.com


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33344 4TH AVENUE, Mission, BC
I just finished uploading this House for sale, 33344 4TH AVENUE, Mission, BC
unobstructed river & valley view. Located on a quiet " No Thru" street sits this rancher with full walk out basement on A 75 x 122 ft (9150 sqft) Lot. Main floor has lots of updates. Basement partialy finished and rough in for a suite. The house sits on 2 legal lots. Explore the possibilities of a lane way carriage house as all services are in. or subdivide off a lot in the lane. Lots of potential here plus the 180 degree view. ACCEPTED OFFER UNTIL AUG 17th THANKS


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Please Purchase The Member's Only Plan to Gain Access
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Rated: R
Duration: 21:47
Starring: Cali Cat, Jessie 'El Toro' Santos, Joel Kane, Joel Kane, Jolene 'The Valkyrie' Hexx, Lauren 'The Animal' Fogle, Leon Hater, Maxine 'The Boss' Frost, Piper 'Code Red' Rose, Roxy 'Roundhouse' Michaels, Teri 'Feisty Fists' London and Allie 'Babydoll' Parks
Episode Guide
Maxine 'The Boss' Frost [1-2] is not happy about having to oversee the official weigh-in; as Prez of the league, she must step in for a no-show announcer. Violeta 'Dark Force' Sunic [0-1] surprises everyone with her height who stands at 6'1″. Her opponent, at least a foot shorter, is Teri 'Feisty Fists' London [3-3]. The room is full of male fighters who are competing at the co-event for Fusion Fights. The combined weigh-in makes a number of athletes uncomfortable.
Hant Arena, with its unique architecture, awaits the LFC teams. The fighters take in the size of the arena, milling about as fight time nears. Interviews are conducted for local television, as we press forward for LFC 24 [0-0]. Leon Hater gives a motivational pep talk that even Andreea 'The Storm' Vladoi [13-4-1] appreciates. Of course, there is always someone in the LFC who is going to find fault: Lauren 'The Animal' Fogle [5-4] dismisses Leon's effort. On the other side, Joel Kane barges in on the women as they are still dressing to deliver his speech. How will it go over?


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Smarter Offices With Our WiFi Desk Phones
A modern office is a platform for employee productivity. This is an important concept to keep in mind when developing VoIP solutions for your office, and as technology progresses it becomes easier to deliver the latest in industry advancements at a more affordable price point. Voice over Wi-Fi, or VoWi-Fi, is one of those industry trends that our partner Grandstream Networks has opened up to small and medium businesses. Through Grandstream, we offer you an expertly crafted line of VoWi-Fi products to include in your portfolio. From high-speed access points to portable Wi-Fi phones, you can offer your small to medium business customers the benefits of a VoWi-Fi environment that previously was only available to enterprises.


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Hoboken & Jersey City
City Living was formed in 2003 by the sale of the assets of the Manhattan Building Company to Toll Brothers and the combined purchase and development of over 900 million worth of residential and commercial Real Estate, specifically in Hoboken and Jersey City, N.J.
Toll Brothers City Living, controls over 2000 units, including both rental and to be built condominiums. The majority of units are on the waterfront in Hoboken, directly across from New York City.
As the former President and equity partner of City Living, Mr. Weiss oversaw their rapid growth with the knowledge and information of The Manhattan Building Company, and the tremendous financial strength of Toll Brothers, a NY Stock Exchange company and the nations leading builder of luxury housing.
Projects Included:


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Travel portal Via.com, jewellery marketplace Jewelsouk.com enter into partnership
VIA agents can book products from Jewelsouk for their customers on the agent portal or mobile app.
Speaking about the partnership, Swaminathan Vedaranyam, Chief Executive Officer, VIA said, "Jewelsouk is an exciting name and we are happy to join hands with them. This is the first-of-its kind tie up where a reputed jewellery brand is partnering with one of the largest assisted e-commerce networks in India. It is also the first time when collections from Jewelsouk will be available in our outlets apart from its own retail network."
The company has always strived to increase product lines for its agents so they can cater to a larger set of audience. "Via.com has already launched assisted e-commerce for our agents. The addition of Jewelsouk is one of our biggest initiatives to add more value to our assisted e-commerce programme. Jewelsouk, being a reputed brand, will enhance credibility and reach of our agents," Vedaranyam added.
It also marks VIA's foray into leveraging its formidable physical agent presence in the smaller towns and cities, to empower the millions of people living there to have better access to popular branded retail products with agent assistance. "VIA is targeting business worth Rs 200 crore in assisted e-commerce this year and the tie-up will help in facilitating the same," the CEO added.
Under the association, over 400 products from seven leading gold and diamond jewellery brands from Jewelsouk — Asmi, Gili, Nakshatra, Sangini, Nirvana, Shuddhi, Lumineux Uno— will be available on the VIA platform for its agents at prices ranging from Rs. 1,000 to over Rs. 30,000. It would cover all categories of jewellery such as rings, earrings, pendants, necklaces, bangles, nose pins and tanmaniya.
The collection is available at select VIA outlets and will eventually be rolled out across all VIA outlets in India.
Talking about the new tie up, Kaushik Mukherjee, CEO, Jewelsouk added, "We are happy to partner with Via.com. VIA has a huge offline network of agents. The partnership will help us spread our brand awareness in a larger market and garner more customers."


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AWEJA Railsystemen BV can help you match and combine wheel boxes, wheels and rails for virtually any application. Our consultants will help you investigate the various options availability in terms of feasibility and anticipated lifecycles.
Please do not hesitate to contact us to make an appointment without obligation by e-mail at
or by telephone on +31 (0)315 640047.


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Thousands of Graduates Have Taken The First Steps To A Better Future
"Great school! Best choice I've made in my life. If I had to do it all over again I would, in a heartbeat. I only wish I would have made this choice earlier in my life." – David Leister
"I loved the Medical Clinical Lab Technician program!! I was able to bridge with full credits to a regionally credited college for my A.S. and B.S." – Brandy Russell


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Although American and British authors dominate the (usually) American and British lists of the best crime writing, mystery has an international history with Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment (Russian), Simenon's Maigret (Belgian), Leroux's Phantom of the Opera (French), and Rampo's Tales of Mystery and Imagination (Japanese), and Borges complex mysteries/anti-mysteries (Argentinian) being chief among many examples. More recently, Zafón, Eco and Larsson have crossed over to becoming international bestsellers.
The reader who dares to explore the full world of mystery writers is rewarded with new insights and perspectives and experiences a diversity of cultures and landscapes. To read world literature is to sample the best the world has to offer.
Where to start? Below I've assembled several lists from famous authors who advocate for reading the mystery and crime novels from their countries and regions. Other entries are for the best crime novels set in a particular location and those which describe the location best. In a future post, I will look at the best locations in crime novels and those authors who best describe their bloody towns.
Camilla Läckberg: Top 10 Swedish Crime Novels
Swedish mysteries are hot, probably due to global warming. Läckberg is one of the dominant figures in Swedish literature with each of her novels achieving bestseller status. Her list of the best crime novels from her native land.
1. The Mind's Eye by Håkan Nesser
Soulful works with very real characters including the villains.
2. Blackwater by Kerstin Ekman
A bestseller and classic.
3. Missing by Karin Alvtegen
A psychological thriller.
4. Sun Storm by Åsa Larsson
Following the exploits of an amateur detective/tax attorney.
5. The Fifth Woman by Henning Mankell
Inspector Wallander has gone on to fame in Swedish and BBC productions.
6. Unseen by Mari Jungstedt
Included because there are not enough crime-solving couples in this world.
7. Shame by Karin Alvtegen
Follows the story of a pair tormented by memories.
8. Echoes from the Dead by Johan Theorin
A ghost and a mystery.
9. The Girl With the Dragon Tattoo by Stieg Larsson
Mystery, sharply-defined characters and action.
10. Midwinter Blood by Mons Kallentoft
A terrific plot.
Brian McGilloway: Top 20 Modern Irish Crime Novels
McGilloway has written two bestselling series, one featuring Inspector Devlin and one featuring Detective Sergeant Lucy Black. His list:
1. The Wrong Kind of Blood by Declan Hughes
The opening: The last time, they'd pressed the sharpened points of their sheath knives into the flesh of their thumbs, and let their blood mingle, and smeared it on each other's foreheads till it looked like burning embers. They were blood brothers for sure then, bound fast as any natural born siblings. But embers turn to ashes and blood doesn't always take.
2. The Guards by Ken Bruen
One of the pioneers of the modern Irish crime novel.
3. Mystery Man by Bateman
Comic romp in a mystery book store.
4. Darkhouse by Alex Barclay
Mixes American and Irish story lines.
5. The Midnight Choir by Gene Kerrigan
Brings a psychological and journalistic insight into his characters.
6. The Big O by Declan Burke
"... recalls Elmore Leonard at his best."
7. Dead I Well May Be by Adrian McKinty
"... hard-boiled Irish noir at its best."
8. Undertow by Arlene Hunt
A dark look at immigrants' plights in modern Ireland.
9. The Anglo-Irish Murders by Ruth Dudley Edwards
Edwards skewers modern Irish politics.
10. In The Woods by Tana French
Hugely popular, a mystery that remains mysterious.
Catherine Sampson: Top 10 Asian Crime Fiction
Sampson lives in Beijing where she has also set her more recent mystery novels. Her list includes both Asian writers and Western writers who set their works in Asia.
1. Death of a Red Heroine by Qiu Xiaolong
Detective Chen investigates a case that threatens to upset Chinese politicians.
2. Playing For Thrills by Wang Shuo
Featuring Chinese punk, Shuo's works are often banned in China.
3. Crime De Sang by He Jiahong
Jiahong delves into the justice and injustice of China's legal system.
4. Sacred Games by Vikram Chandra
Organized crime in Bombay.
5. Jack the Ladykiller by HRF Keating
Keating looks at colonial India circa 1935 in this mystery.
6. Out by Natsuo Kirino
The tale of a young woman who murders her husband.
7. All She Was Worth by Miyake Miyabe
Looks at the dark side of Japan consumerism.
8. Inspector Imanishi Investigates by Seicho Matsumoto
A Japanese classic police procedural from the sixties.
9. Murder At Mount Fuji by Shizuko Natsuki
A visiting American and a Japanese detective work together to solve a murder.
10. The Quiet American by Graham Greene
1950s Saigon, before the American disaster.
Michael Stanley: Top 10 African Crime Novels
Michael Stanley, like Ellery Queen, is a pseudonym for a mystery-writing pair, native Africans Michael Sears and Stanley Trollip. Link.
1. Murder at Government House by Elspeth Huxley
Although remembered mostly for The Flame Trees of Thika, Huxley also wrote mysteries including Murder at Government House which looks at the death of the ruling governor and a web of colonial intrigue.
2. Death on the Nile by Agatha Christie
Although Christie tried her hand at classical Egyptology in other books, this one is a straightforward Poirot mystery.
3. Song Dog by James McClure
McClure examined apartheid South African through mystery tales featuring a black and a white detective.
4. Instruments of Darkness by Robert Wilson
A British ex-pat and a local policeman work together to solve a murder in Benin.
5. The Screaming of the Innocent by Unity Dow
Dow was the first female High Court judge in Botswana and she has written several novels examining justice from an African point of view.
6. The Mission Song by John le Carré
le Carré follows a native African as he uncovers a plot to overthrow the government in Congo.
7. Devils Peak by Deon Meyer
Set in contemporary South Africa, the story follows a man seeking revenge and the detective whose job is to stop him.
8. Blood Rose by Margie Orford
Orford worked as a crime reporter and provides a realism to a grisly tale in modern South Africa.
9. Wife of the Gods by Kwei Quartey
Quartey writes about his native Ghana and the complex tensions that border on violence.
10. Zulu by Caryl Férey
Férey also turned his talents to writing about South Africa and how the apartheid history continues to destroy the present day.
Carlos Ruiz Zafón: Best Gothic of the 20th Century.
Zafón writes Southern Gothic: i.e, set in southern Spain. His novel Shadow of the Wind is the best-selling Spanish novel since Don Quixote (a fact which I did not know) and a great read (which I do know). Beneath each entry is a quote from his descriptions each of which was direct and vivid. This is an international list in only a limited sense: one selection is from Sweden, three from England and the rest from the United States; however, you can also add Zafón to your reading list.
1. The Haunting of Hill House by Shirley Jackson
"Jackson's writings are a must for aficionados of the gothic and of good literature."
2. Mysteries of Winterthurn by Joyce Carol Oates
"Life is short, so kill your TV now and start exploring her universe."
3. Sanctuary by William Faulkner
". . .it has always been regarded suspiciously and considered a minor work. It is not."
4. Double Indemnity by James M Cain
"Lean, mean and dazzling."
5. Falling Angel by William Hjortsberg
"If you ask me, this novel is the best mystery thriller ever written."
6. The Gormenghast trilogy by Mervyn Peake
"Dark, dense, baroque and hauntingly beautiful."
7. Perdido Street Station by China Miéville
". . . one of the most interesting and promising writers to appear in the last few years in any genre."
8. Burning Your Boats: The Collected Short Stories by Angela Carter
"A treasure chest of wonderfully wicked stories..."
9. Pet Sematary by Stephen King
"A modern-day Dickens with a popular voice. . ."
10. Let the Right One In by John Ajvide Lindqvist
"... a fresh, powerful and brutally honest reinvention of the vampire novel."
Martin Hill Ortiz, also writing under the name, Martin Hill, is the author of A Predatory Mind. His latest mystery, Never Kill A Friend, is available from Ransom Note Press. His epic poem, Two Mistakes, recently won second place in the Margaret Reid/Tom Howard Poetry Competition. He can be contacted at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Monday, July 13, 2015
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Homeowners: Due to an internal bank change issue, there was a delay in the assessment billing being mailed. We understand that this delay could cause issues or concerns among homeowners in the timely payment of their association dues on January 1st. Seeing as this delay was unforeseen and out of the association's hands, Omni will be extending the grace period to January 30th to pay your association dues for January 1st. Please keep in mind this extended grace period does not affect the due date for your February assessment due in February 1st. Please also take note of the dues increase that takes place January 1st as well. Should you have questions or concerns please email email@example.com Or email@example.com
2019 Hunter Glen Community Updates
*We will not be meeting live as a board in November, if you have any particular questions please reach out to Stephanie and we can arrange a time to meet with you individually. See the link below for the latest updates.
We have been reviewing the tickets submitted, been talking with homeowners, reviewing history as well as the budget for our community to understand the current state. It is a lot to review but we think we have a way forward. We have updated the Omni website HERE with information about all topics from the budget to landscaping to the pond and more. We have not come to any of these decisions lightly and we believe that we align with the wants and needs of our community.
In order to sustain and improve the place we call home, we have had to make some tough calls. We hope that you will rally around this vision forward. We will always be honest and transparent with where we are and be looking for a better way forward. Continuous improvement is our motto!
Welcome to the Hunter Glen HOA Website!
This website exists to provide residents with information about the community and to facilitate communication with our Association Management Company and the Association's Board of Directors.
Please, click around. We believe you will find it useful. And by all means, if you have any ideas for the website, feel free to contact us with any questions, comments, or suggestions.
- Please pick up pet waste and pets need to be leashed outdoors in community.
- Trash receptacles should be placed inside garages by Thursday after pickup.
- Please supervise children and avoid playing the community streets.
Association Documents
Find covenants, newsletters, by-laws and other Association documents on this page.
Community Directory
Once you have registered, you can access private content like the Community Directory!
Click here to add your own text


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My right hand (and arm) still hurts as I type this. I've spent 3 days poring over my Japanese textbooks and taking down notes. I've finished 15 chapters!
It's actually my fault, to begin with. Because I did not study when I was taking the beginner class, so I have to start from square one. We are currently on Chapter 9~10 of Genki but I decided to continue reading until Chapter 15 – the last chapter we will cover until the end of the semester. That way, I can focus more on my thesis later on.
I just focused on grammar lessons, so I still lack so much vocabulary and I still have to
memorize learn about a thousand and a half words. But despite lacking vocabs, I did learn a lot these past 3 days.
And finally Japanese language has started taking form. When I was watching Anego, I still find Japanese language gibberish. I tried to listen well, but I only ended up catching as many Korean sounding words I can XD. With Kaisefu no Mita I started picking up expressions, especially from Mita しつれいします, しょうちしました, それは。。。うみとさんがきめることです, あります. But since I started reading my textbook and taking down notes when I started Rich Man Poor Woman, I started recognizing sentence endings while watching that drama. I
re-watched re-listened to Rich Man Poor Woman as I continue reading and not only was I able to recognize the sentence endings, but I can also recognize word boundaries now! And as my mom starts watching Kaseifu no Mita I watch with her and I can even now play my guess-what-the-character-is-about-to-say-next game (even if it's just 分かりました, あります, ありません, 別に, ただいま, 好きです).
Seems like my cramming for Japanese is starting to pay off. I still need to learn Katakana and 200 Kanjis, but 3 straight days of writing down notes made me more comfortable in "mind"-reading (I'm still very slow when it comes to reading out loud) and writing Hiragana. I never thought I'll have this much fun in learning Japanese. So it seems like it's the effort and time that I really needed to jumpstart my Japanese learning. Though it's not as fun and as comfortable as learning Korean (and perhaps will never be XD), learning Japanese is not too bad after all. I still need to exert more efforts though. 頑張る.


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Venue - Travel
How to get to Toulouse?
By Plane
You can enjoy a discount on your flight booking with Air France. Please find below the details information regarding the offer:
Event: Symposium on Diagnostics for Electric Machines, Power Electronics and Drives - SDEMPED 2019
ID Code: 35482AF
Travel Valid Period: 19/08/2019 to 07/09/2019
Event location: TOULOUSE
Access directly through http://globalmeetings.airfranceklm.com/Search/promoDefault.aspx?vendor=AFR&promocode=35482AF
Please also note that you will need to present to Air France a proof of your registration to the SDEMPED 2019 congress.
Once you have landed at Toulouse airport you can take the airport shuttle till the second stop "Jean Jaures" (town center). The cost for a travel is 8 € (around 20 minutes)
By Train
Toulouse train station (Toulouse Matabiau) is located at 10-15 minutes walk from the conference localization, ENSEEIHT (see the path here).
You can find here a link to the national railroad company (SNCF).
By Car/Metro
To go to ENSEEIHT, we highly recommend to leave the car outside the city at a subway station and to take the metro to station Jean-Jaures (metro A) or Francois-Verdier (metro B). ENSEEIHT is 5 minutes walking from the metro stops Francois Verdier and Jean Jaures.
Conference Site
Address: ENSEEIHT 2 rue Camichel 31000 Toulouse
Registration and welcome desks
- On Wednesday August 28, please collect your badge at the workshop welcome desk (entrance: 26 rue Riquet) from 8:00am to 9:30am.
- From Thursday August 29 to Friday August 30, please collect your badge at the INP-ENSEEIHT welcome desk (entrance: 2 rue Charles Camichel).
Please note there is no cloakroom onsite. We advice you to let your luggage to your hotel before coming to the congress.
Please do not forget to leave your access badge before leaving the workshop on your last day.


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This is the latest information on the New Fairfield Public Schools Proposed Building Projects.
This information is from the Public Hearing Held on September 16th in the High School Auditorium.
Guests from the State at the 9/16/19 Public Hearing included:
- Konstantinos (Kosta) Diamantis – Director, Office of School Construction Grants & Review, Department of Administrative Services, State of Connecticut
- Kermit Thompson, Review Architect in the Office of School Construction Grants & Review
Key Elements in the Video to watch for are comments by Kosta Diamantis. Kosta's comments starts around the 0:02:00 mark in the Public Hearing video.
Below is one key comment.
Here are a few of his comments:
"Forty portable classrooms that we recently did on a major reconstruction project … cost $9 million … for 412 students." (Around 0:07:00 minute mark)
"We say most buildings go 50 years, is a life of a building." (Around 0:14:20 minute mark)
"Unfortunately folks, it is our determination … this building is just not worth saving. It just doesn't have good bones. It does not have good organization to it. It lacks light. It's just a lousy design. And we need to create something that students in this building will enjoy, have a great learning environment, have energy efficiency, HVAC systems …" (Around 0:24:10 minute mark)
"You certainly have every right to put forward a renovation project, but I would not recommend it to the Commissioner, or to the Governor, or to the Legislature for funding (by the state). … of course, you can renovate it on your own if that is what you choose to do. Construction Grants is not an entitlement program." (Around 0:26:40 minute mark)
"It is time for these bones to go. That is our opinion" (Around 0:27:50 minute mark)
Kosta started answering questions around 0:28:10 minute mark.
Because the New Fairfield Schools and the Town of New Fairfield may not expend municipal funds to influence any person to vote for approval or disapproval of a referendum once it is sent to a town meeting, they can no longer maintain these documents on the Schools or Town Website.
Don't worry, we want you to be informed so you can make an informed vote, so we have the documents here.
(Public Hearing Handout pdf (updated for information from Public Hearing) (1 page)
Public Hearing Presentation pdf (35 slides / pages)
9/16/19 Public Hearing (video – 3 hours and 14 minutes long)
Paid for by Build New Fairfield's Future – Treasurer Josh Becket Flores , Chairman Eric Alviti


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About Jessica R. Dreistadt
Jessica R. Dreistadt is a writer, educator, and mental health advocate who is actively creating a more compassionate, just, sustainable, harmonious, joyous, and beautiful planet. She is the author of ten books about leadership, wellness, and social change. You can connect with Jessica at her website.
- Subscribe to this author's RSS Feed
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The winners of the Unsung Heroes Award for the 3rd Quarter 2019 are being announced at the Federation of Genealogical Societies Conference in Washington, DC!
The Unsung Heroes Award is a collaborative program between The Genealogy Guys Podcast and Vivid-Pix, makers of RESTORE software. The awards program was launched in 2019 to acknowledge and celebrate members of the genealogy community who are leading the way in digitizing, indexing, and transcribing photographs and documents. Nominations are accepted in five categories: Individuals; Societies; Libraries & Archives; Youth; and Posthumous. Awards will not necessarily be made in all categories each quarter.
Presentations of the awards for winners for this quarter are being made by Rick Voight, CEO of Vivid-Pix.
The Society winner is the Michigan Italian Genealogy Society for its work in digitizing and indexing funeral cards for people with Italian surnames and making them available on the Internet. A majority of the cards are from the Detroit area dating from 1924 to 1999, and they contain names, birth and death dates, and the name of the funeral home. Many also have photographs of the individual. This online collection can be accessed at https://miitaliangs.weebly.com/blog/detroit-area-funeral-cards.
The Michigan Italian Genealogy Society explores various methods of tracing Italian ancestors, promotes education for beginners and more experienced genealogists through social media and blog posts. The Society is dedicated to promoting Italian family history and genealogy. It is dedicated towards educating members and the public in the methodology of finding one's roots. Their goal is to empower their members in their search for family records by providing the necessary tools and expertise needed. Discover that family history is an interesting, rewarding hobby that will enable you to discover your past and preserve your heritage for future generations. Michigan Italian Genealogy Society is a proud member of the Historical Society of Michigan and the Michigan Genealogical Council.
Kenneth Merique, a director with The Polish Genealogical Society of Michigan, generously donated hundreds of funeral cards he has collected over the years. Most of the deceased are from the Detroit area, but some are distant relatives with Michigan connections. The Michigan Italian Genealogy Society has digitized these resources and has posted them to our website. An index is also provided.
This collection represents a unique set of records that can provide clues to other evidence, including birth records, a death certificate, funeral home records, and cemetery records.
"It's hard for me to tell you how impressed I am with the work that you've done with the funeral cards. They are a huge resource for genealogists and historians, and what you have done is tremendous." George Morgan, The Genealogy Guys
Congratulations to the Michigan Italian Genealogy Society and thank you for all of your hard work to make these wonderful records available!
Read more here:
Detroit Area Funeral Cards
Kenneth Merique, a director with The Polish Genealogical Society of Michigan, generously donated hundreds of funeral cards he has collected over the years. Most of the deceased are from the Detroit area, but some are distant relatives with Michigan connections. The Michigan Italian Genealogy Society thanks Ken for his contribution!
Click on the Funeral Cards link to browse through the collection.


text: Bright Smiles Bowl–A–Thon Teams Now Forming to Benefit the Dental Needs of Individuals with Intellectual DisabilitiesRegister Your Team by April 18 and Bowl on April 26Friday, March 14, 2014In conjunction with the Virginia Beach Community Trust, the Virginia Beach Department of Human Services is coordinating the annual Bright Smiles Bowl–A–Thon on Saturday, April 26 from 12:30 to 3 p.m. at Pinboys at the Beach, 1577 Laskin Rd. Proceeds from the event go towards the dental needs of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Teams consist of four people and must pre-register by Friday, April 18. Registration forms can be obtained by calling Kristie Salamon at 385–0582 or online at the Developmental Services Division home page. Click on Bowl- A-Thon under related links. To participate teams must: Pre-register by Friday, April 18. Obtain sponsors and raise a minimum of $225.00. Pay $6 per bowler for games and shoes. Cash only. Raffle tickets can be purchased at Pembroke 6, Suite 218 prior to the event and also at the bowling lanes during the event. Prizes will be awarded for most money raised, Best Team Name, Highest Scores, etc. The Virginia Beach Community Trust is a Special Needs Trust managed by a Board of Trustees composed of five volunteers from the community. Support for the trust comes from the Virginia Beach Department of Human Services, the city agency responsible for publicly funded programs serving persons with mental illness and/or intellectual disabilities. Donations to the Community Trust are tax deductible and can be made by checks or cash. # # # Page Content Contact InformationVB311(757) firstname.lastname@example.com Site SearchSearch by Date RangeStart End View News by Category All NewsAgricultureBudget & Management ServicesCity AttorneyCity AuditorCity ClerkCity ManagerCity TreasurerCommissioner of the RevenueCommonwealth's AttorneyCommunications OfficeConvention and Visitors BureauCourtsCultural AffairsEconomic DevelopmentEmergency Communications & Citizen ServicesEmergency ManagementEmergency Medical ServicesFinanceFireHousing & Neighborhood PreservationHuman Resources (City)Human ServicesInformation TechnologyParks & RecreationPlanningPolicePublic HealthPublic LibrariesPublic UtilitiesPublic WorksReal Estate AssessorStrategic Growth AreaVirginia Aquarium & Marine Science CenterVirginia Beach CourtsVolunteer ResourcesVoter Registration & Elections


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ECE Student Employee of the Month
Behind the scenes at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at The Ohio State University there are always countless tasks underway, from organizing computer files to searching down information for programs and more.
ECE student employee Anthony Ulloa recently earned the Student Employee of the Month Award from Cristo Rey Columbus High School for his efforts in the department. Ulloa spent much of 2016 assisting faculty and staff on numerous projects.
Specifically, Ulloa was recognized by the school for his positive attitude, professionalism, politeness and dedicated growth mindset. As a freshmen at the high school, Ulloa is also among the youngest in the work study program.
Ulloa was nominated by executive assistant Catherine Vogel, his supervisor in the ECE department, for his patient, respectful, dedicated, and diligent manner.
Vogel said Ulloa's professionalism belies his age.
"He has a customer service mentality that is advanced for most. His questions and work ethic are in line with the professionals in this department at Ohio State. Additionally, he is the type that seems to believe in continuous learning; he quickly moves to understanding a new topic, and finds an efficient way to approach, never seeming to tire of the challenge," she said.
"Anthony comes ready to help out on anything he's asked each Tuesday at the department. No two days are the same," Ryan Horns said, ECE Public Relations Coordinator. "Not only do I appreciate the efforts he's put in, but I also enjoy seeing his growth and maturity."
"I have worked with a lot of different types of students over my career, starting as a senior in college and most recently in California. Anthony is easily one of the best, especially given his age. He is a great intern and we love having him," Vogel said.
Dr. Howard Greene, Director of K-12 Education Diversity and Outreach at Ohio State, who initiated the program with Cristo Rey, stopped by to personally congratulate Ulloa Tuesday at the ECE main office in Dreese Labs.
Help us say thanks to Ulloa for his efforts at ECE!


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Imagine Peace and Work for It
"You have to start somewhere." She told me.
She is a veteran female mediator I met in a national dialogue conference, organized by the Finnish Foreign Ministry, in Helsinki, November 2015. We were having our breakfast early in the morning, before the sessions started. She started sharing her mediation experiences in conflict areas with me. I listened while she persistently kept repeating that sentence.
"You have to start somewhere."
In the midst of darkness, when hope is an illusion, when hate is the message, when politicians are cynical, interested only in their own survival, you need to start somewhere. Pick a point and start digging to build that common future you are dreaming of. Bullets won't lead to peace. Hatred won't build a common future. Look for that spark of humanity that we all share.
I recalled her sentence when reading your book, dear Yossi. It materialized in front of me with your words echoing in my soul. You too are dreaming of that common future.
I bet you were told 'you are wasting your time, chasing delusional dreams'. I bet you were told 'all is futile; this region is hopeless, intent on destroying itself in self-destructive suicidal cycles of mayhem. I bet friends and foes criticized you. 'They hate us; why even try?'
I was told the same when I decided to travel to Israel in 2017 and wrote a series in Arabic about it. 'Traitor', some said. 'Selling out to the enemy', others said. 'I used to respect you; now I don't', one said. She meant it. I kept silent and continued to write the articles. Let the storm wither. By the end of the series, the shouts were mute. I was not selling out. I was just seeking a way out. Sometimes, one has to take the stones thrown at her to chart that new road for a better future. And the beginnings, just like the endings, are always difficult.
Dear Yossi, I do not hate. I see an Israeli and/or an individual of Jewish faith and see the human in him and her. I do not question Israel's rights to existence. Full stop. I see the two sides of the conflict and know that the narrators tell history differently. We talk about the Palestinian refugees and neglect to mention the 850 thousands Mizrahi Jews, many of which were forced to leave their homes in the MENA region after the creation of Israel. I do not underestimate the fear and lack of trust you mentioned in your book. I know it's genuine. I know it is based on a real foundation. Hatred of Israel and Jews in general is ingrained in our conscience in the MENA region.
Your book carries the title Letters to my Palestinian Neighbor. I am not a Palestinian; you know that; and I do not pretend to speak for Palestinians. They can speak for themselves as some did. I cannot even start to imagine how they feel, humiliated under occupation and settlements encroachment on their lands, farms and livelihood; stuck between competing factions, corrupt officials, impotent authority and extremist groups. Their Arab neighbors, who pretend to be on their side; use their cause to mobilize hate and anger – a scapegoat for their own failure. But try to be a Palestinian and travel to the region, live in it. You will know what it means to live in exile, homeless, humiliated. Their pain is real. Their suffering is a fact. I cannot ignore it; put it aside and say, "let us move forward without resolving this conflict." It has to be resolved.
Dear Yossi. There was a time, when I felt tired of this conflict. Tired to an extent that I once said to a good friend, 'let them destroy themselves. I do not care'. It was the language of frustration, disappointment and despair.
You see, when the official public ceremony of the Oslo agreement was held in Washington DC, in September 1993, I was at the time in Washington DC on a Fulbright scholarship. Peruvian Sylvia, my first Jewish friend, and I, participated in a symbolic ceremony organized by the International Student House, where we lived. She and I shared a piece of bread. We divided it and ate it. Strange, how the bread holds this powerful meaning. In Egypt, there is a saying, which could be translated as follows 'we shared bread and salt', meaning we shared a bond that is stronger than friendship. Sharing that piece of bread with her meant just that for me. I think it was also the case for her. Overtime, we became disappointed then disillusioned with the peace process. Yet that piece of bread still holds us together. I carried for decades the key chain she gave me on my birthday with that simple sentence inscribed on it 'there is nothing like a close friend'.
Dear Yossi, I said I was not a Palestinian. My roots are in Yemen and Egypt; and Switzerland is my home of choice. I love them all.
In Israel many thought I was Israeli and talked to me in Hebrew – maybe because I look like many Israeli Mizrahi Jews, especially Yemenis. You mentioned them in your book. I was touched by how they kept and celebrated their Yemeni folklore songs, cuisine, and delicate Jewellery alive. Yemen was not kind to them, history books would tell you, nor was Israel's Ashkansi political establishment when they first arrived after 1948. But they do not seem to care. They succeeded in establishing themselves as an integral part of Israeli society, vibrant and proud. No one questions their right to be there. I wish I could say the same about Israeli Arabs. Their situation is a real test to Israel's democracy.
I told you I did not question Israel's right to existence. It is here to stay and in fact, I want it to stay. But I want it to stay as a secular democratic state without occupying Palestinian's territory. Our region is losing its diversity. Just as the Mizrahi Jews disappeared from Arab States so are the Christians and other minorities. We live in an age where extremism is loudest – one that insists on uniformity in religion and identity. Citizenship is only but a farce. Sadly, Israel is moving in our direction with its Nation State Law of 2018.
You mentioned the role of religion in your book and I think this is the key issue that our region has to deal with. We need a form of separation of state and religion in our states that allows for equal citizenship in law and reality. Isn't it strange that no country in the region allows for civil marriage in its own borders? Only Israel and Lebanon accept civil marriages conducted outside their borders. It tells you something about the type of challenges that still lay ahead of us.
There is much to do, dear Yossi, much to transform and change. But we have start somewhere. I suggest we start with a leap of faith, a trust in our shared humanity. Let us dare to dream and imagine how our shared future should look like. The irony of the current situation is that the status quo is a recipe for disaster. Our future has become so intertwined. We live or die together. Let us choose to live together. Let us be the light that chart that road less traveled.
Elham Manea
PD. Dr. Elham Manea is of dual nationalities, Yemeni and Swiss. She is a political scientist specialized on the Arab Middle East, a writer, and a human rights activist.


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Consulting Advisor
"I am inspired by the opportunity to serve as a trusted advisor to mission-driven organizations, and a champion for individuals who dedicate their careers to nonprofit service."
Sheila Hennessey has placed senior executives with prominent nonprofit organizations and universities across the country as an executive search professional based in Washington, DC, southern California, and Idaho.
Sheila previously served as a Principal with Koya Leadership Partners, a national executive search and consulting firm that partners exclusively with mission-driven clients. Prior to joining Koya, Sheila was Senior Executive Search Consultant with Higher Talent, Inc., a leader among boutique executive search firms, serving nonprofit and higher education institutions nationwide. Now an independent consultant based in Idaho and southern California, she recently led the recruitment of the new CEO for the Idaho Youth Ranch, one of Idaho's largest and most prominent nonprofits.
Sheila has recruited CEO/Executive Directors, other C-suite executives, and senior fundraising/advancement leadership for clients that include the Los Angeles County Arts Commission, LACMA, the Regional Arts and Culture Council (Portland, OR), KIPP LA Schools, the University of Southern California, Johns Hopkins University, Easter Seals, and the
Smithsonian Institution, among many others.
She began her career in management consulting with Bain & Company, moved into corporate communications and public relations with Hill & Knowlton, and served as Executive Director of the Downtown Boise Association, a nonprofit focused on urban revitalization.
As a professional actress, Sheila has appeared onstage and in national network television programs including "The Wire" and "Homicide: Life on the Street." She served as associate producer of the documentary "Rediscovering Alexander Hamilton," which aired nationally on PBS (and featured Lin-Manuel Miranda as he was developing his hit musical).
An active community volunteer, Sheila is a member of the board of directors of the Idaho Youth Ranch, a member and grants panelist for the Idaho Women's Charitable Foundation, and a fundraising committee member for Boise Contemporary Theater. She previously served on the
boards of the Laguna Playhouse and the national new-play development nonprofit The Inkwell, and on the Boise City Arts Commission. She served as a panelist at the inaugural Berkshire Leadership Summit for women in theater.