text:
Escape Cupertino, Return to Redmond! A Hands-On Practical Guide
Originally published on April 29, 2019 by Bjoern Pohl
Last updated on February 10, 2020 • 22 minute read
Here's how you get all those cool admin and dev tools like WSL, Chocolatey or OpenSSH running on your Windows 10 machine. Below (after a short introduction) is a hands-on guide of how to customize your Windows 10 settings to make you feel comfortable as a sysadmin or developer, with all the tools you need.
The Two Characteristic Developer Groups
On the one hand we have the typical Windows-based sysadmin or developer. They typically like a colorful working environment and can't imagine life without a mouse or touch pad. In Germany we also call this "klicki-bunti". 😊
On the other hand, there is the software-developing Mac lover. They feel comfortable on the console and do most of their work with the keyboard.
Theoretically, there is of course also a third category of the Unix/Linux supporters. But this article is not about them today (sorry folks, I hope you'll continue reading anyway) 😉
Software Development Is More Fun in a Mac Environment – So Far!
Microsoft didn't exactly provide an ideal working environment for developers with the previous Windows versions. That was one of the reasons why many developers switched to Apple over the years and now develop their software on the MacBook.
Meanwhile Microsoft has recognized this and is trying with the current versions of Windows 10 to get this user group back to Redmond from Cupertino.
Honestly, Windows 10 is not an out-of-the-box development environment either, at least not from the perspective of a Mac user (and certainly not a C#/PowerShell user). But in the meantime, this can be modified. And that's exactly what we're looking at today!
When you are done with this article, then you'll be able to equip your Windows 10 environment with features like:
- A Package Manager
- Windows Subsystem for Linux
- Synchronized home folders between Windows and Linux distribution
- A shiny, colorized terminal for bash
- An OpenSSH Authentication Agent
- Bridged SSH sockets between Windows and WSL
So get a big cup of coffee and read on! And as always - read first, then tweak according to your needs and wants! ;)
iPlease Note: The settings I suggest in this article are subjective and correspond to my personal favorite working environment. If you have any questions, please use the comment function and I will answer your questions as best I can. But as the solutions described in this post are not part of PRTG itself, they are not officially supported by Paessler or PRTG Technical Support.
Prerequisites, or What You Need
- A device with Windows 10 Release 1803 or higher (older versions might partially work)
- Admin access to your Windows installation
- Basic Windows knowledge: how to start a command shell, PowerShell, find the settings box, and so on
- Basic knowledge of how to install things
- About 1 hour of time. You'll get that hour back within 3 days, believe me!
Turn On Some Windows Features
At first we need to enable some needed Windows features that are turned off for the default folks. Make sure the following Windows features are checked:
- Telnet Client (still a good debug tool)
- Containers (yep, that's Docker! But it's only the Docker engine - we'll still need to install some Docker stuff later on to make it work)
You can also run the cmdlets below in an elevated PowerShell (elevated = a PowerShell you launch with administrative privileges) to add the features.
Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName "TelnetClient"
Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName "Containers"
Windows might ask you to reboot. Either do that now or wait until you have finished the next step.
Grab Some Chocolatey – a Package Manager for Windows
Mac users probably know Homebrew, the package manager for macOS, and Linux users have apt/yum.
Be careful if you have laughed at the Windows folks because of the missing package manager, because this is now also available in Windows 😉. The Windows counterpart is called NuGet, but more commonly people use Chocolatey. Installing Chocolatey is quite easy; find some instructions (and the install string) at chocolatey.org/install.
Install the Git Package via Chocolatey
To pull Git repositories from Github later, install the Git package in the next step. Just execute this command in an elevated PowerShell:
choco install git
That's it! Pretty easy, huh?
WSL – a Native Linux Shell Running on Windows
WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) is a kind of Linux system running inside Windows.
WSL is not a VM or a processor emulation like qemu. Actually, Linux kernel calls are translated (using a special wrapper kernel) to Windows NT Kernel calls. Unlike cygwin, you'll start native Linux/Elf binaries instead of re-compiled Linux stuff. So, you don't need HyperV or VMware running on your Box, at least not for WSL.
Why Should You Use WSL?
For those coming from a Mac the answer is quite clear. You get a full-fledged Bash Terminal and you can use all the tools you are comfortable with.
For Linux Users it's quite the same.
People regularly using PowerShell will have the least benefit, since Windows now also comes with SSH, curl and all the basics (and Chocolatey makes it easy to complete the list).
What Can the WSL Not Do?
Running X (graphical) applications isn't possible (at least not without doing some very crazy moves). It's also not suited for running complex software (tomcat, apache, nginx, younameit). Don't even think about it - the kernel call wrapper makes it super slow.
WSL Installation
The installation process is straightforward: just use the official Microsoft Doc Windows Subsystem for Linux Installation Guide for Windows 10. You can launch your installed Linux environment by choosing it from the start menu.
iPlease Note: WSL is quite new, so make sure you use at least Windows 10 Release 1803 (or better, Release 1809) to have a smooth experience.
Ubuntu 18.04 is a good choice as a Linux operating system. Again, don't think of a full VM with a login manager, desktop manager and so on. Rather, this package just contains all the binaries in exactly the same versions as in Ubuntu 18.04, and the 18.04 apt repository is used.
Easy Data Transfer between Windows and WSL
Sometimes you need to shift data between Windows and WSL. WSL has all windows drives available in the folder /mnt/ but this is quite fiddly.
Better idea:
- open a cmd windows shell
- mkdir %HOMEPATH%\winbin
- mkdir %HOMEPATH%\share
Then switch back to WSL and execute
cd;ln -s /mnt/c/Users/<your windows username here>/winbin
cd;ln -s /mnt/c/Users/<your windows username here again>/share
This creates a symlink link between the Windows home folder and the Linux home folder. Now you have two convenient directories to share content in Windows' home and WSL's home. Why that winbin dir? We'll see later.
A Smooth Look and Feel In WSL
In newer Windows versions, it's possible to configure WSL's behaviour with a small config file. We'll need that to make upcoming things work. It needs to be placed in /etc/wsl.conf, which is absent by default.
To simplify the configuration for you, I have prepared a HereDoc. Just paste the content below into the WSL window and press Enter.
sudo bash -c "cat >/etc/wsl.conf" <<"EOF"
#Lets enable extra metadata options by default
enabled = true
# add metadata to WSLs shared filesystem and set an umask. unfortunatly theres a bug so we need to set
# the umask again in .basrc or so...
options = "metadata,umask=22,fmask=11"
#next line allows us to add smb/cifs/nfs.. shares in /etc/fstab and have them mounted at wsl start.
mountFsTab = true
#Let's enable DNS even though these are turned on by default, we'll specify here just to be explicit.
generateHosts = true
generateResolvConf = true
It creates your wsl.conf, inserts all the config information and saves the file with the needed permissions.
A Customized Terminal for Bash in WSL
The terminal that comes with WSL is goofy and cannot be customized to our needs. Let's change that. There is a special mintty fork that bridges mintty into the WSL console interface called WSLtty. Windows installers can be found here.
After the installation you will find the WSLtty in your start menu with the name "WSL Terminal". Now it all looks waaaaaay better! 😊
Most important keyboard shortcut: Alt+Enter switches to full screen.
Don't worry if the picture above looks different than yours. There are more features to come.
Fancy Fonts for the Console
Have you ever seen really useful console fonts in Windows? Me neither. This is why we need to have patched fonts to get cool graphical console features like this:
Clone this repository and execute install.ps1 inside that repo using an elevated PowerShell. Here are the needed commands:
cd $env:userprofile
git clone https://github.com/powerline/fonts console-fonts
cd console-fonts
Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; .\install.ps1
This will install a bunch of patched console fonts into Windows, enough for every nerd's need. This takes some time, so relax and maybe get another cup of coffee.
You can now use one of these fonts for the editor of your choice. We will also set one of these fonts as default in our WSLtty in the course of this hands-on. The font DejaVu Sans Mono for Powerline is my personal favorite, by the way.
You can check all installed fonts in Windows' settings dialog. Enter "powerline" as a search term to find all the new fonts:
Finally, a Precision Color Scheme for WSLtty
Before we start, let's look at our WSL/minty shell. Well, it's dark blue text on black background; not so great. We need to change this to something better.
I personally prefer a color scheme called "Solarized Dark", but there are countless others available.
To get the Solarized color scheme in WSLtty, we need to tweak WSLtty's config a bit. This can't be done using WSLttys settings box, as it only shows some basic color types.
To make this easy for you, I prepared a small HereDoc once again, this time for use in PowerShell instead of bash. So open a non-elevated PowerShell and paste this:
$content = @"
# To use common configuration in %APPDATA%\mintty, simply remove this file
Font=DejaVu Sans Mono for Powerline
$content |Out-File $env:APPDATA\wsltty\config -Encoding ASCII
Press enter and restart your WSLtty. Et voilà, there we are!
This actually overwrites your WSLtty config to my preferred config.
Did you already make changes there before (or in the properties dialog of WSLtty..)? Hmm...they're gone.
If you are tired of Solarized, have a look at Base16. Find some MIN/WSLtty templates for Base16 (amongst others) here.
OpenSSH – an Authentication Agent for Windows
The OpenSSH client is an optional Feature in Windows 10, so you have to perform the following steps:
- Go to Settings > Apps > Apps & Features > Manage Optional Features
- Click "Add Feature", check "OpenSSH client"
This adds an OpenSSH client. We need that, even if we only use WSL later on for SSH connections, because this gives us a cool authentication agent that can also be used within WSL.
To enable this agent, make sure that the OpenSSH Authentication agent is started in Windows Services. It's turned off by default. Change the startup type to 'Automatic' and start the service.
Again, you can perform the described steps by using the cmdlets below. Execute them in an elevated PowerShell.
Add-WindowsCapability -Online -Name OpenSSH.Client~~~~0.0.1.0
Set-Service ssh-agent -StartupType Automatic
Start-Service ssh-agent
iPlease Note: Updating Windows to Win10 Release 1809 triggers a bug which unfortunately disables the service. If you get errors after this update that SSH won't communicate with the authentication agent, just go to Windows services and re-enable (and start) OpenSSH Authentication Agent.
Now that we have OpenSSH running in Windows, let's recap:
- In a modern Linux/macOS environment, you usually use the provided SSH agent that locks/unlocks with your operating system
- Now, there's an OpenSSH suite inside Windows, which has such a cool OpenSSH agent that also automatically stores your keys and locks/unlocks your key with your OS login.
- And on the other side there's OpenSSH inside WSL (or in other words: the stuff that came with Ubuntu), which also comes with an OpenSSH agent.
BUT: The agent inside WSL is way more uncool since this has to be started, unlocked and managed by hand. No chance to get the Kerberos ticket from Windows into that thingy. ☹ And by the way - WSL does not have any startup system like SystemV or SystemD, so you'll always get beamed into bash, perhaps with some additional processes started in your .bashrc and things like that...
Let the Magic Happen: Bridge the SSH Socket from Windows to WSL
To use a self locking/unlocking agent inside WSL, we need some way to bridge the socket of the Windows' SSH agent into WSL.
Download the SSH agent for WSL here and unpack the .7z file into your ~\winbin folder. Remember, you created this folder earlier in this article, in your home directory.
This actually installs a "fake" SSH agent inside WSL, which then bridges all calls to the Windows SSH agent.
Now call this Windows executable inside the .bashrc of your WSL, which is located in /home/yourusername/.bashrc by default. Use the eval call as in the install section above to do so. (Yeah, right, a Windows binary inside Linux's .bashrc).
And here's the command you need to execute:
#start ssh-agent bridge: https://github.com/rupor-github/ssh-agent-wsl
eval $(./winbin/ssh-agent-wsl -r)
Now you can add your desired keys with ssh-add (or ssh-add.exe) . It's up to you if you do that in PowerShell/cmd or WSL, because both ways make it available to both worlds, permanently! Great! 😊
Coming Up in Part 2: Docker, TMUX and More…
Since this should be more than enough information at once, I decided to provide you with a second part of this hands-on guide. Next time I'll show you how to activate and use Docker within WSL and give you some insights about TMUX, a terminal multiplexer for Unix-like operating systems.
As always, use the comment box below to post your feedback!


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High Street, Ingatestone, c.1955
Reproduced courtesy of The Francis Frith Collection.
History of Ingatestone >> Post Office Directory 1874
If you wish to trace any of these people on the census returns, he nearest census date for this 1874 directory is the 1871 census.
Note: the directory lists the names in the following order: Surname, First Name. It also abbreviates names. These have been reversed and typed in full to assist research.
My ancestor lived here at this time, but why aren't they listed here? Answer: Not everyone appeared in a trade directory. Please read our Trade Directories article.
You should also consider newspaper archives. With millions of pages now online, there is always the possibility of finding articles featuring your ancestors. Discover how to explore newspaper archives.
Joseph Poole, parish clerk
Henry James Stuart, Post Office
John Camp, Post Office
Miss Mahala Shearing, school mistress
Mrs. Louisa Thompson, school mistress
John Chandler, Station Master
George Bridge, Ray Cottage
John Robert Burton, Huskards
Edwin Caldecott, Trueloves
Frederick John Coverdale, Ingatestone Hall
William Drew
Edgar Disney J.P., The Hyde
Charles Franklin
Charles Grant, Mill Green
Miss Havers
Henry Herbert
William Jess
Rev. Canon George Last, Ingatestone Hall
Samuel Lewis, Nithsdale House
Hamilton Loughman, Ingatestone Hall
Rev. Lewis Parkin, Rectory
James Rogers
Thomas Staines
William Henry Stone junior
Neville Vihart, Maisonette
Henry Walmsley, Ingatestone Hall
Miss Webber
Mrs. Yacoby
Low resolution copy courtesy of Footsteps' Shop on Ebay. Quality postcards of Essex.
Mark Baker, farmer
William Barker, shoemaker
Edmund J. Bradley, malster
Richard Cable, beer retailer
John Camp, shoe maker, Mill Green
Robert Cobbold, farmer, The Grange
Frederick John Coverdale, land steward
Charles Cramphorn, baker
Miss Ann Denman, boys' school
Stephen Foreman, farmer, Woodbarns
Charles Franklin, surgeon
Edward Harrington, farmer
John Hewitt, farmer, Dawes Farm
Thomas Hillier, butcher
John Humphrey, gardener
John Jenkins, The Bell
Richard Dibdin Lewis, farmer, Cornishes
William Marriage, farmer, Ryddon Dyke
Andrew Marriage, farmer, Little Hyde
Robert John Mays, farmer
James Nichols, farmer and miller, Mill Green
James Nunn, beer retailer, Mill Green
James Palmer, brick and tile maker
Mrs. Cassandra Pate, girls' school
Joseph Poole, shoe maker
Abraham Savill, shopkeeper and beer retailer, Mill Green
George self, farmer, heybridge
Josiah Jonathan Smith, builder and ironmonger
Mrs. Sophia Ann Smith, farmer, Handley Green
Mrs. Elizabeth Stone, farmer, Mill Green
Henry James Stuart, coal merchants
Back to History of Ingatestone
The Essex Record Office 'ERO' are custodians of the parish registers of Essex. Ancestry.co.uk have now transcribed the entire collection of Essex parish registers. Search now on Ancestry for your Essex ancestors. Then on the results page click on 'request image' and you will be taken to the ERO website where you can purchase an image of the relevant page.
Visit our Parish Registers of Essex page for more information.
Newspaper archives are now a very important source of information for researching your family tree.
Try our example search to help you discover if your ancestors are in the British Newspaper Archive.
Ingatestone - Cary's New and Correct English Atlas, 1798
Ingatestone - First Series Ordnance Survey Map 1805
Ebay is a good source of old images of Essex towns and villages. If you're looking for pictures to add to your family tree album, then try one of the auctions, or there are several 'Buy It Now' shops offering postcards which have been touched up and improved - so if you're unsure about bidding, try these.
Link below already formatted for Essex and Postcards.

subset: commoncrawl


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35th anniversary of the 'Alien'
35 years ago one monster changed the world of fantastic cinematography. The movie "Alien", made by young Ridley Scott, manager to enter popular culture with it's clever combination of science fiction and horror. This monster is the product of a great mind of H.R. Giger, a Swiss artist and a 20th century icon.
Today, after three and a half decades, it is useful to remind ourselves of all the influences that made this film a legend of horror. But, we can also ask ourselves what is the message of the movie and how can we interpret it in our modern age of existential terror. Hear what Aleksandar Žiljak, an awarded SF author, editor, film lecturer and illustrator, has to say about these topics.
Date: 02.07.2014.; Wednesday
Time: 17-18:30h
Europa theatre, Muller hall
Varšavska 3


text:
What tools are the minimum to get started in Silverlight?| Comments
- | Posted in
- silverlight
- expression
- xaml
- ria
- toolkit
- riaservices
- tools
Help me out with a bit of some research here. In your opinion…what tools (from Microsoft) are the MINIMUM needed to get started with Silverlight? I'm not talking about full-blown MVVM, MEF loading, Live Smooth Streaming applications…I'm talking about if you were to tell someone who has a bare hard drive and wanted to start learning Silverlight, what tools would you tell them they simply cannot do Hello World++ without?
Please respond to my survey:
[embedded survey removed please vote here: http://twtpoll.com/em387c]
Please enjoy some of these other recent posts...


text:
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text:
In 1930, Uberto Bonetti (1909-1993) invented Burlamacco, the Viareggio Carnival mascot, after working on a modern reinterpretation of classic Commedia dell'Arte characters for a project in the late 1920s. The following year, his clownish, futuristic creature held hands with Ondina, symbol of Viareggio's carefree summers, in a cheerful advertisement poster.
A famous designer, painter, and commercial artist, Bonetti was born in Versilia's famous seaside resort and had an emotional attachment – as well as a professional connection – to the traditional parade of floats and masks that had started in 1873.
Despite a successful career in fashion and avant-garde art – especially with Futurist aerial painting –, and his works as cinema set architect and caricaturist… his hometown's annual festival was always important to him.
Here is a selection of his Carnival advertisement posters.


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Reliability. It's a word often associated with Toyota vehicles, especially the Camry. The 2018 Toyota Camry is definitely a reliable car, but it's better than ever this year.
Available now at Steve Landers Toyota, just 30 minutes from Benton and Bryant, we want you to know why the 2018 Toyota Camry is more than just a practical choice.
View our selection of the 2018 Toyota Camry here
The 2018 Camry is available in 10 grades: L, LE, XLE, SE, XSE, Sport SE, Sport XSE, Hybrid LE, Hybrid SE and Hybrid XLE. Starting MSRP is $23,495.
The 2018 Toyota Camry generates its power with three different powertrains, two gasoline and one hybrid. They are the following: 3.5-liter V6 engine with D-4S Fuel Injection; all new 2.5-liter four-cylinder Dynamic Force Engine with 8-speed Direct-Shift automatic transmission; and a next-gen Toyota Hybrid System (THS II) that works with the 2.5-liter engine.
The 2.5-liter engine and THS II are exceptionally fuel efficient, with 29/41 MPG and 51/53 MPG, respectively.
The 2018 Camry's Sport SE and Sport XSE grades are well-muscled with chiseled lines, flowing curves, gloss black grille with sport mesh inserts, sport side rocker panels, integrated rear spoiler, and LED headlights and taillights.
Other notable features of the 2018 Toyota Camry are Toyota Safety Sense, Star Safety System, Entune 3.0 Multimedia bundle, Human Machine Interface, WiFi, JBL premium audio system and integrated backup camera.
Come see for yourself why the 2018 Toyota Camry and we at Steve Landers Toyota are worth the 30-minute drive from Benton and Bryant! Get in touch if you have questions, or get directions to the dealership here.
We can't wait to serve you!


text:
ODSG Okays New Olowo of Owo, Effects Twelve Year Old Alaboto Upgrade Request
The Ondo State Executive Council has approved the selection and final ratification of Prince Gbadegesin Ogunoye as the new Olowo of Owo, in Owo Local Government Area of the state.
Briefing Journalists after the state Executive meeting, which lasted for over seven hours, the Commissioner for Information and Orientation, Donald Ojogo, said the state government appreciates the Owo Local Government and the Senior Omolowos for the peaceful process and procedures leading to the emergence of the new monarch.
Ojogo said: "One of the key issues that was discussed at council is the issue of the Olowo of Owo. You will recall that the Olowo stool is a grade A stool and recognised by government under the Chiefs law of 1984.
"The stool became vacant after the demise of Oba Victor Folagbade Olateru Olagbegi, and as expected, the selection process commenced and it followed due process and today, the climax of the process was brought to the council by the commissioner for local government and chieftaincy affairs
"It's with gratitude to God and profound thanks to the Local Government and the Senior Omolowos that Council today, gave approval for the selection and final ratification of Prince Ogunoye Ajibade as the new Olowo of Owo kingdom
"The thrust of the process is that Prince Ogunoye is now the Olowo-elect as graciously approved by the State Executive Council. You will recall that Olowo stool is among the prominent ones we have, not only in Ondo State, but in the entire South West
" I have the approval of the governor to thank the senior Omolowos for the selection and final ratification of the Olowo Elect. This is the final process for the selection and appointment of the new Olowo. There are no legal encumbrances since the ministry of justice has also cleared it."
The government spokesperson also disclosed that the state government has effected the upgrading of Chief Beniah Adeola Idiogbe from Oloja of Aboto to the position of Alaboto of Aboto in Ilaje local government area of the state.
He said the request for the upgrade had been approved by the State Executive Council twelve years ago, adding that the present government came in and decided to effect the upgrade.
The information commissioner said: "Another issue that council looked at was the traditional stool of Alaboto of Aboto. This is not a new process. The process had been approved almost 12 years ago (2007). An existing Oloja of Aboto has been upgraded to the stool of Alaboto of Aboto.
" In other words, Council has approved the elevation of Chief Beniah Adeola Idiogbe from the position of Oloja of Aboto to Alaboto of Aboto.
"It's not a new one. One or two administrative encumbrances had delayed the pronouncement. We met in on ground and Governormrnt felt justice must be served. It's not a fresh process. Council gave approval since 2007, but it wasn't effected."


text:
A legacy of leadership, passion and best practices, through primal fun & games.
For Immediate release
Aug. 7, 2013, Victoria, BC – Tom Benson, chief experience officer and co-founder of WildPlay Element Parks (WildPlay), has been appointed to a BC Safety Authority (BCSA) Amusement Devices Technology Advisory Committee charged with providing industry advice in developing regulations and standards for operators of outdoor aerial adventure parks and ziplines.
BCSA is an independent, self-funded organization, with a mandate to oversee the safe installation and operation of technical systems. Joining Benson on the committee are representatives from Adrena-line, ZipTrek Ecotours, and Challenges Unlimited.
"The committee is a great opportunity for open dialogue that builds integrity and strong working relationships within the industry," says Benson. "Members have been invited to participate because of experience in related businesses, and the fact that we are committed to building the safest outdoor adventure park system in the world."
Benson brings more than 25 years of professional experience in outdoor adventure to BCSA. WildPlay, with four Parks and multiple aerial recreation Elements, is the biggest player on the committee and Benson is interested in contributing his diverse knowledge to the mission.
Since launching seven years ago, WildPlay remains an accident-free leader in providing challenging and fun experiences in risk-managed environments. Their philosophy of "evolving the guest" is a unique connection that each visitor makes between their inner "primal" potential and that of the natural, untamed world. The company has worked closely with BCSA to meet and exceed the committee's standards, and WildPlay maintains high operational standards of its own, unique to each element experience.
WildPlay belongs to a rapidly growing zip line and aerial adventure sector of the outdoor recreation movement, where consumer demand is making the need for rigorous industry-wide standards increasingly important. In response, the committee will be examining best practices in other jurisdictions and helping guide the BCSA board in developing standards for adventure products.
Benson and his partner Gord Ross, both veteran mountaineers and climbing guides, hatched their business idea after experiencing tree-to-tree style adventure experiences in Europe and South America. In March 2006, they opened their first WildPlay Element Parks location in Nanaimo, with the goal of allowing participants of all ages to challenge their own physical and mental limitations in a natural setting. The inaugural Park features the iconic Bungy Jump and Primal Swing Elements, as well as the original Monkido® Aerial Adventure courses and DragonFLY Zip Lines.
The WildPlay Element Parks brand of fun and learning proved to be a big hit, and today the company has grown to meet the demand for unique adrenaline-based experiences. Additional Parks opened in West Shore Victoria in 2009, Maple Ridge in 2010, and Kelowna in 2012, all featuring the exclusive Monkido® Classic, Buddy and Kids courses, where "monkey-see, monkey-do" obstacles are suspended in the trees for adults, teens, and kids to navigate zip lines, tree ladders, rope swings, scrambling walls, hanging nets, spinning logs, wobbly bridges, tightropes, monkey bars, and other surprising games.
As stewards for nature-based experience, WildPlay pays close attention to the ecological impact of park build, design, and Element use. Land use incorporates and maintains existing vegetation and terrain features, and restoration of natural plants is adopted where possible, and allowances are made for the habitats and migration of small animals. In some cases, WildPlay Element Parks helps clean-up or restore degraded and abandoned urban spaces, as was the case at Maple Ridge and West Shore Victoria sites.
For individuals, WildPlay Element Parks ensures that the adrenaline discovered during an outdoor experience helps create a sense of place in the natural world. The company encourages adults, teens, and kids to appreciate and be advocates for the environment of the future.
As part of its ongoing commitment to reducing energy, Park hours of operation are set to maximize daylight; requiring power in administrative areas to support computers, phones, internet access, and heat during chilly Canadian winters, and on the Primal Swing Elements only when in operation.
Park Services
Heather Watters


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Omeprazole-based Dual and Triple Regimens for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Children Seiichi Kato, Junji Takeyama, Kyoko Ebina and Hiroshi Naganuma Pediatrics 1997;100;e3 DOI: 10.1542/peds.100.1.e3 The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the World Wide Web at: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/100/1/e3.full.html PEDIATRICS is the official journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. A monthly publication, it has been published continuously since 1948. PEDIATRICS is owned, published, and trademarked by the American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Boulevard, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, 60007. Copyright © 1997 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0031-4005. Online ISSN: 1098-4275. Downloaded from pediatrics.aappublications.org by guest on August 22, 2014 Omeprazole-based Dual and Triple Regimens for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Children Seiichi Kato, MD*; Junji Takeyama, MD*; Kyoko Ebina, MD*; and Hiroshi Naganuma, MD‡ ABSTRACT. Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of omeprazole-based dual and triple regimens for the treatment of children with Helicobacter pylori infection. Methods. Twenty-two patients (3 with gastric ulcer, 12 with duodenal ulcer, and 7 with nodular gastritis alone) were studied. Twelve ulcer patients also had nodular gastritis. The dual regimen included a 2-week course of omeprazole (0.6 mg/kg twice a day) and amoxicillin (30 mg/kg twice a day) (n 5 10), and the triple regimen included the dual regimen plus clarithromycin (15 mg/kg twice a day) (n 5 12). In patients with active ulcers, omeprazole once daily was administered for another 4 weeks. Endoscopic biopsies were taken before therapy and 4 weeks after completion of a 2-week course of therapy, and patients were followed for 6 months. The gastritis score (grade 0 to 3) and serum anti-H pylori IgG antibody titers were also determined. Results. The regimens were tolerated by all patients. Eradication rates for the dual and triple regimens were 70% and 92%, respectively. Active ulcers completely healed within 6 weeks. Patients with nodular gastritis alone showed different clinical responses to therapy. Pretreatment histology showed chronic gastritis in all patients. Successful H pylori eradication significantly reduced the mean gastritis score from 2.9 to 1.3, but unsuccessful eradication did not reduce it. The disappearance of antral nodularity often coincided with the success of eradication. Successful eradication significantly decreased pretreatment serum anti-H pylori IgG antibody titers by 29% at 1 month, by 52% at 3 months, and by 67% at 6 months. Side effects were mild and were reported in 23% of patients. Conclusion. An omeprazole-based regimen is safe and may be a better option for eradication of H pylori in children. Antral nodularity is a macroscopic marker of H pylori infection. Pediatrics 1997;100(1). URL: http://www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/e3; Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin. H elicobacter pylori infection is a major etiological factor in chronic gastritis and is highly associated with peptic ulcer disease.1,2 Eradication of H pylori dramatically reduces the recurrence rate of duodenal ulcer.3,4 Therefore, the aim of treatment for H pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease has changed from the mere suppression of gastric acidity to eradication of the organism. The National Insti- From the Departments of *Pediatrics and ‡Pathology, Sendai City Hospital, Sendai, Japan. Received for publication Sep 6, 1996; accepted Dec 12, 1996. Reprint requests to (S.K.) Department of Pediatrics, Sendai City Hospital, 3–1 Shimizukoji, Wakabayashi-ku, Sendai 984, Japan. PEDIATRICS (ISSN 0031 4005). Copyright © 1997 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. tutes of Health recommended treatment with antimicrobial agents in addition to antisecretory drugs, regardless of whether recurrence occurs.5 In adults, high eradication rates (90% or higher) have been obtained with a traditional bismuth-based triple regimen that includes metronidazole and either amoxicillin or tetracycline.6,7 However, this regimen has disadvantages (such as complex administration and side effects) which lead to poor patient compliance in clinical practice. Metronidazole-resistant strains are also a problem. Recently, as an alternative to the traditional triple regimen, a simple omeprazolebased regimen has been introduced with a low incidence of side effects.8,9 This regimen has been most widely studied.10,11 H pylori eradication with bismuth-based regimens has been also attempted in children with peptic ulcer disease or gastritis.12–18 However, there are few studies of omeprazole-based regimens.19 This study reports on the efficacy and safety of omeprazole-based dual and triple regimens in children with H pyloriassociated gastroduodenal diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients Between March 1995 and February 1996, 22 patients (age 8 to 16 years) were enrolled in this study (Table 1). Three patients had gastric ulcers, 12 had duodenal ulcers, and 7 had nodular gastritis with symptoms including epigastric pain, nausea, or vomiting. Nodular gastritis was also found in 12 of 15 patients with peptic ulcer disease. Among 10 patients with active ulcers, 2 received eradication therapy at the first presentation of the disease and 8 at recurrence. The clinical symptoms of these patients included hematemesis, epigastric pain, tarry stool, and/or anemia. At presentation, one patient with bleeding gastric ulcer and one with bleeding duodenal ulcer underwent endoscopic hemostasis with pure ethanol using a method reported previously.20 Five asymptomatic patients with a history of ulcer recurrence received eradication therapy for prevention of recurrence; the patients and their parents requested the therapy. None of the patients received either steroids or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. There was one smoker who was male and 16 years old. Informed consent was obtained from all patients and their parents before inclusion. Treatment and Follow-up Patients undergoing maintenance treatment with H2-receptor antagonists stopped the drugs at entry. In patients with active ulcers, eradication therapy was started after H pylori infection was confirmed by the rapid urease test (Stat-Urease, PML Microbiologicals, Canada). Drug dosage within each eradication regimen was based on the adult experience with high-dose regimens, including 20 mg omeprazole twice a day.10,11 The first 10 patients received the dual regimen: 0.6 mg/kg (maximum dose, 20 mg) omeprazole twice a day and 30 mg/kg (maximum dose, 1000 mg) amoxicillin twice a day at breakfast and at the evening meal for 14 days. The other 12 patients received the triple regimen: the dual http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/e3 PEDIATRICS Vol. 100 No. 1 July 1997 Downloaded from pediatrics.aappublications.org by guest on August 22, 2014 1 of 5 regimen plus 15 mg/kg (maximum dose, 500 mg) clarithromycin twice a day for 14 days. In patients with active ulcers, once-daily omeprazole (0.6 mg/kg with a maximum dose of 20 mg) was administered for another 4 weeks. Patients without active ulcers or with nodular gastritis alone received only a 2-week course of eradication therapy. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy were routinely performed before therapy and 4 weeks after completion of a 2-week course of treatment (at 6 weeks). Each patient was followed up for at least 6 months. Roche, Japan) with a cutoff point of 6 U/mL. Blood samples were obtained before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment ended; they were frozen at 220°C. To avoid day-to-day and tube-to-tube variations, investigators collectively measured the samples with the same lots of the assay kit. Intragastric pH Monitoring To evaluate acid suppression with omeprazole in six patients, intragastric acidity was monitored for 24 hours (model KR-5010 pH monitor, Kuraray Co., Ltd., Japan) on days 5 to 13 of eradication therapy. After calibration, the electrode was transnasally positioned in the middle body of the stomach under fluoroscopy. The data were transferred to a personal computer and analyzed with respect to mean intragastric pH and H1 activity.22 H pylori Infection and Gastritis Two biopsy specimens were taken from the gastric antrum. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Giemsa for the histological investigation which included an H pylori test. Another two antral biopsies were examined for culture and urease activity of H pylori. The H pylori test was considered positive if at least one test (histology, culture or urease) gave a positive result. If all results were negative at 6 weeks, H pylori was considered to be eradicated. The antral biopsy specimens before and after eradication therapy were also studied for the degree of gastritis (Table 2). The degree of inflammation was graded according to Bazzoli et al:21 grade 0, normal gastric histology; grade 1, slight increase in the number of mononuclear cells; grade 2, increase in the number of mononuclear cells and neutrophils also present; grade 3, increase in the number of mononuclear cells and neutrophils with epithelial invasion of neutrophils. The pathologist (H.N.) was unaware of the clinical course of the patients. Serum IgG antibody against H pylori was measured using an enzyme immunoassay (Cobas Core Anti-H pylori-EIA, Nippon Safety Assessment Drug tolerance was investigated by questioning patients and parents about possible side effects: altered taste, diarrhea, nausea/ vomiting, abdominal pain, skin eruption, and neurological symptoms (such as headache and dizziness). Laboratory examinations (including hemoglobin levels, white blood cell counts, platelet counts, serum electrolyte levels, hepatic and renal function tests, and urinalysis) were performed during therapy and at follow-up. Serum gastrin levels were also measured in all patients. Statistics The differences in age and sex ratio of patients, frequency of side effects, and eradication rates between dual and triple regimens were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, and differences in the mean gastritis score and serum anti-H pylori IgG antibody titers before and after eradication therapy were analyzed by the paired t test. A value of P , .05 was considered significant. The values were presented as mean 6 SEM. Demographic Characteristics of Patients TABLE 1. Patients Mean age (y) (range) Sex (M/F) Gastric ulcer Duodenal ulcer Nodular gastritis Eradication rates (%) Side effects (%) Dual Regimen Triple Regimen 10 12.4 (8–16) 7/3 2 6 2 70 10 12 13.2 (10–16) 5/7 1 6 5 92 33 P RESULTS NS* NS Eradication and Gastritis The first endoscopy demonstrated antral nodularity in 19 patients, multiple erosions in 2, and no macroscopic lesions in 1 (Table 2). Pretreatment histology showed chronic gastritis in all patients (mean gastritis score, 2.9). In 14 patients (13 with the nodu- NS NS * NS, not significant. Antral Nodularity and Gastritis Score With Eradication Therapy TABLE 2. Patient No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 H pylori * Age (y)/Sex 11/F 16/M 8/F 13/F 10/M 16/M 14/F 14/M 13/F 13/M 14/M 14/F 14/F 13/M 16/M 15/M 8/F 12/M 13/M 11/F 14/M 10/F Antral Nodularity** Before After Before After Before After 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 11 11 1 1 1 1 11 11 1 1 11 11 11 1 1 2§ 2i 2§ 11 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 6 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 6 6 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 2 3 2 2 2 * 1, Positive; 2, negative. ** 11, Moderate to severe; 1, mild; 6, slight; 2, not found. § Erosions. i Endoscopically normal. 2 of 5 Gastritis Score OMEPRAZOLE-BASED REGIMENS FOR H PYLORI Downloaded from pediatrics.aappublications.org by guest on August 22, 2014 larity and 1 with erosions but no nodularity), pretreatment histology demonstrated lymphoid follicles predominantly in the lamina propria. No patient had intestinal metaplasia. Examinations of the second biopsy specimens demonstrated that H pylori was eradicated in 7 of 10 patients (70%) with the dual regimen and 11 of 12 patients (92%) with the triple regimen (Tables 1 and 2). There was no difference in eradication rate between regimens (P 5 .19). In all 10 patients with active ulcers, the symptoms ceased within several days after the initiation of therapy and the ulcers completely healed with a full 6-week course of treatment. Antral nodularity disappeared in 6 of 15 patients with successful eradication (Table 2). Successful eradication therapy significantly reduced the mean gastritis score from 2.9 to 1.6 (P , .005), but unsuccessful eradication did not reduce it (P 5 .50). Lymphoid follicles were detected in 11 patients after eradication therapy. Intragastric Acidity With the eradication therapy, the mean intragastric pH was 4.7 6 0.3 (range, 3.5 to 6.0) and the mean intragastric H1 activity was 0.99 6 0.29 mmol/L (range, 0.04 to 2.06). The percentages of time at a pH of 2 or more, at a pH of 3 or more, and at a pH of 4 or more were 96.9 6 1.2%, 85.3 6 3.8%, and 64.7 6 8.3%, respectively. Serum Anti-H pylori Antibody Two patients were excluded from this serological study, because they were seronegative at entry. Of the remaining 20 patients, the mean pretreatment titer of anti-H pylori IgG antibody was 66.9 U/mL (range, 7.8 to 567.9). In successfully treated patients, the IgG antibody titer decreased by an average of 29% at 1 month (P , .001), by 52% at 3 months (P , .001), and by 67% at 6 months (P , .001), compared with the pretreatment titers (Fig 1). Two patients became seronegative at 6 months. In contrast, the IgG antibody titers remained at baseline levels in patients with persistent H pylori infection. Two patients who were excluded from this serological study continued to be seronegative in the follow-up period. Safety and Follow-up Drug compliance was good in all patients. The overall incidence of side effects was 23%; diarrhea was recorded in one patient given the dual regimen, and metallic taste, dry mouth, and/or diarrhea in four patients given the triple regimen (Table 1). Because the side effects were mild, however, discontinuation of treatment was not necessary. Laboratory examinations showed no abnormalities during or after therapy. Although serum gastrin levels were greater than normal at 2 to 4 weeks after treatment started, they normalized within 3 months. In patients with nodular gastritis alone in whom H pylori was eradicated, the symptoms disappeared in two patients, improved in three, and persisted in two at 6 months. One patient with unsuccessful therapy continued to have epigastric pain. Some patients took 3 to 6 months to confirm a symptomatic re- Fig 1. Serum anti-H pylori IgG antibody titers. Posttreatment titers are expressed as percentages of pretreatment levels in successfully treated (solid bars) and unsuccessfully treated (shaded bars) patients. *P , .001. sponse to eradication therapy. Ulcer recurred 3 months after treatment ended in one patient with duodenal ulcer in whom H pylori was not eradicated. In the remaining ulcer patients, however, ulcer did not recur in the follow-up period (ranging between 6 and 17 months). In four patients with successful eradication who agreed to endoscopic biopsy at 6 months, H pylori colonization continued to be negative. DISCUSSION An omeprazole-based regimen consists of the combination of omeprazole with one or two antibiotics effective against H pylori. Amoxicillin has a low minimum inhibitory concentration for H pylori in vitro, but its monotherapy demonstrates low eradication rates of 20%.6 Because amoxicillin operates optimally at neutral pH levels, decreasing intragastric acidity with omeprazole seems to be important in eradicating H pylori. Omeprazole is an essential component of new eradication regimens.10 However, eradication rates with a dual regimen of omeprazole/amoxicillin vary from study to study, with a pooled rate of 60%.23 It has been speculated that differences in H pylori strains or host factors may explain the discrepancies among studies.24 The role of omeprazole in an amoxicillin dual regimen also holds true for that in a clarithromycin dual regimen. On the dual regimen, clarithromycin is almost equal to amoxicillin with respect to the eradication rate and safety.10 Katelaris et al stated that amoxicillin is the first choice for omeprazole dual regimens, however, because clarithromycin-resistant strains are demonstrated in 5 to 10% of patients.25 Many adult studies using 20 to 40 mg/day omeprazole have been attempted. In one pediatric study with 20 mg omeprazole daily and 250 mg or 500 mg amoxicillin twice a day, H pylori was eradicated in http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/e3 Downloaded from pediatrics.aappublications.org by guest on August 22, 2014 3 of 5 only two of eight patients.19 We previously reported that an average of 0.6 mg/kg daily of omeprazole is appropriate in most children with H2-receptor antagonist-resistant acid-related diseases.22 The dose of omeprazole in this study is twice as high as the suggested dose, which is relatively high for children compared with 40 mg daily in adults. The pH study has shown that 1.2 mg/kg daily of omeprazole powerfully reduces intragastric acidity, although the reduction may be insufficient in some patients. Eradication rates do not differ between 20 mg and 40 mg twice daily of omeprazole.26 A dose more than 1.2 mg/kg daily of omeprazole might be unnecessary in children. The current belief is that an eradication rate more than 90% is essential for an ideal regimen. Additionally, simplicity of drug administration, low doses of antibiotics and a low incidence of side effects are desirable.10 On these grounds, wide study of omeprazole-based triple regimens shows that eradication rates of around 90% have been achieved;10,11 the two antibiotics prescribed are usually amoxicillin and clarithromycin or a nitroimidazole. However, there are only a few reports describing a regimen consisting of omeprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin.27,28 The advantage of this regimen is that the risk of nitroimidazole resistance is excluded. This study showed a high eradication rate, which is consistent with the results of adult studies.10,11,27,28 Although there was no statistical difference between dual and triple regimens (this study was not randomized), it may be attributable to the small number of patients studied. We believe that an omeprazole-based regimen is safe and a better therapeutic option for children with H pylori-associated gastroduodenal ulcers. More recently, a one-week course of an omeprazole-based triple regimen has been reported to have an eradication rate greater than 90%.21 Drug compliance is an important factor in determining the success of eradication.7 In this sense, the duration as well as doses of regimens must be further investigated. Chronic gastritis with H pylori infection has various endoscopic appearances, including macroscopically normal mucosa with histologically confirmed inflammation. Antral nodularity is frequently observed especially in children with H pylori gastritis.12–15 Furthermore, many children with H pylori-associated duodenal ulcer also have antral nodularity.18 As previously reported,12,13,15–17 the present study proved that curing H pylori infection reduces the degree of gastric inflammation especially with a reduced number of neutrophils. In addition, the disappearance of antral nodularity was often demonstrated with H pylori eradication. On the contrary, Ashorn et al have stressed that the nodularity does not resolve along with active gastritis and persistent nodularity does not indicate persistent H pylori infection.13 The lymphoid follicles with germinal centers demonstrated by histology are probably involved in the pathogenesis of nodularity; however, lymphoid follicles were detectable in some patients in whom the nodularity subsided as evidenced by endoscopy. Although the degree of gastritis is reduced with successful eradication, the inflammatory 4 of 5 reaction does not completely disappear in the shortterm period after H pylori is eradicated. Antral nodularity is a macroscopic marker of H pylori infection and its eradication. There is controversy regarding whether H pylori infection is related to symptoms of gastritis/nonulcer dyspepsia.12–14,16 Our patients with nodular gastritis alone demonstrated different symptom responses to eradication therapy. It was difficult to estimate the response shortly after eradication therapy. The symptomatic efficacy of the bismuth-based regimen may be associated with other mechanisms of bismuth salts (such as cytoprotection) rather than H pylori eradication. The role of H pylori and its eradication in the symptomatic relief of gastritis/ nonulcer dyspepsia remains unclear. H pylori eradication significantly reduced serum anti-H pylori IgG antibody titers; however, many patients continued to be seropositive. It may take more than 6 months after treatment to become seronegative.14,16,29 A 20% reduction of the IgG antibody titers by 6 months suggests successful eradication therapy, whereas no reduction suggests persistent H pylori infection.30 On the other hand, one study showed a decrease of antibody titers in half of the children with persistent H pylori infection.13 Our data suggests that serial assay of serum anti-H pylori IgG antibody titers is useful in long-term monitoring of H pylori eradication. At present, however, evidence of eradication should be founded on biopsy-based tests performed at 4 weeks or more after the completion of eradication therapy. In the future, noninvasive urea breath tests may be routinely available in the monitoring of H pylori infection. All children with H pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease should be treated not only for the ulcer but also for the H pylori infection. It is possible that successful eradication means cure of peptic ulcer disease. REFERENCES 1. Marshall BJ, Warren JR. Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration. Lancet. 1984;1:1311–1315 2. Blaser MJ. Gastric Campylobacter-like organisms, gastritis, and peptic ulcer disease. Gastroenterology. 1987;93:371–383 3. Coghlan JG, Gilligan D, Humphries H, et al. Campylobacter pylori and recurrence of duodenal ulcers: a 12-month follow-up study. Lancet. 1987;2:1109 –1111 4. Marshall BJ, Goodwin CS, Warren JR, et al. Prospective double-blind trial of duodenal ulcer relapse after eradication of Campylobacter pylori. Lancet. 1988;2:1437–1442 5. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel. Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. JAMA. 1994;272:65– 69 6. Chiba N, Rao BV, Rademaker JW, Hunt RH. Meta-analysis of the efficacy of antibiotic therapy in eradicating Helicobacter pylori. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992;87:1716 –1727 7. Graham DY, Lew GM, Malaty HM, et al. Factors influencing the eradication of Helicobacter pylori with triple therapy. Gastroenterology. 1992; 102:493– 496 8. Bayerdörffer E, Mannes GA, Sommer A, et al. High dose omeprazole treatment combined with amoxicillin eradicates Helicobacter pylori. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1992;4:697–702 9. Labenz J, Gyenes E, Rühl GH, Börsch G. Omeprazole plus amoxicillin: efficacy of various treatment regimens to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88:491– 495 10. Axon ATR, Moayyedi P. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori: omeprazole in combination with antibiotics. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1996;31(suppl 215):82– 89 11. Unge P. Review of Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1996;31(suppl 215):74 – 81 OMEPRAZOLE-BASED REGIMENS FOR H PYLORI Downloaded from pediatrics.aappublications.org by guest on August 22, 2014 12. De Giacomo C, Fiocca R, Villani L, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic gastritis: clinical, serological, and histologic correlations in children treated with amoxicillin and colloidal bismuth subcitrate. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1990;11:310 –316 13. Ashorn M, Ruuska T, Karikoski R, Miettinen A, Mäki M. Helicobacter pylori gastritis in dyspeptic children: a long-term follow-up after treatment with colloidal bismuth subcitrate and tinidazole. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1994;29:203–208 14. Chong SKF, Lou Q, Asnicar MA, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection in recurrent abdominal pain in childhood: comparison of diagnostic tests and therapy. Pediatrics. 1995;96:211–215 15. Mahony MJ, Wyatt JI, Littlewood JM. Management and response to treatment of Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Arch Dis Child. 1992;67:940 –943 16. Oderda G, Vaira D, Ainley C, et al. Eighteen month follow up of Helicobacter pylori positive children treated with amoxycillin and tinidazole. Gut. 1992;33:1328 –1330 17. Drumm B, Sherman P, Chiasson D, Karmali M, Cutz E. Treatment of Campylobacter pylori-associated antral gastritis in children with bismuth subsalicylate and ampicillin. J Pediatr. 1988;113:908 –912 18. Israel DM, Hassall E. Treatment and long-term follow-up of Helicobacter pylori-associated duodenal ulcer disease in children. J Pediatr. 1993;123: 53–58 19. Dohil R, Israel DM, Hassall E. Omeprazole and amoxycillin for H pylori-associated duodenal ulcer disease in children. Gastrointest Endosc. 1995;41:335. Abstract 20. Kato S, Ozawa A, Ebina K, Nakagawa H. Endoscopic ethanol injection for treatment of bleeding peptic ulcer. Eur J Pediatr. 1994;153:873– 875 21. Bazzoli F, Zagari RM, Fossi S, et al. Short-term low-dose triple therapy 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1994;6:773–777 Kato S, Ebina K, Fujii K, Chiba H, Nakagawa H. Effect of omeprazole in refractory acid-related diseases in childhood: endoscopic healing and 24-hour intragastric acidity. J Pediatr. 1996;128:415– 421 Penston JG. Helicobacter pylori eradication: understandable caution but no excuse for inertia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1994;8:369 –389 Laine L, Stein C, Neil G. Limited efficacy of omeprazole-based dual and triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori: a randomized trial emptying "optimal" dosing. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995;90:1407–1410 Katelaris PH, Ratchett SE, Zhang ZW, et al. A randomised prospective comparison of omeprazole and clarithromycin versus omeprazole and amoxicillin for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology. 1994;106:A104. Abstract Axon ATR. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1996; 31(suppl 214):47–53 Cayla R, Zerbib F, De Mascarel A, Megraud F, Lamouliatte H. Dual therapy with high dose omeprazole versus triple therapy using omeprazole in combination with two antibiotics for H pylori eradication: results of a randomized controlled trial among 100 patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89:1366. Abstract Petrino R, Di Napoli A, Maccagno G, Avignone S, Chiandussi L. Comparison of efficacy and tolerability of different management strategies for H pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;89:1385. Abstract De Giacomo C, Lisato L, Negrini R, Licardi G, Maggiore G. Serum immune response to Helicobacter pylori in children: epidemiologic and clinical applications. J Pediatr. 1991;119:205–210 Cutler A, Schubert A, Schubert T. Role of Helicobacter pylori serology in evaluating treatment success. Dig Dis Sci. 1993;38:2262–2266 http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/100/1/e3 Downloaded from pediatrics.aappublications.org by guest on August 22, 2014 5 of 5 Omeprazole-based Dual and Triple Regimens for Helicobacter pylori Eradication in Children Seiichi Kato, Junji Takeyama, Kyoko Ebina and Hiroshi Naganuma Pediatrics 1997;100;e3 DOI: 10.1542/peds.100.1.e3 Updated Information & Services including high resolution figures, can be found at: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/100/1/e3.full.htm l References This article cites 23 articles, 3 of which can be accessed free at: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/100/1/e3.full.htm l#ref-list-1 Citations This article has been cited by 2 HighWire-hosted articles: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/100/1/e3.full.htm l#related-urls Subspecialty Collections This article, along with others on similar topics, appears in the following collection(s): Gastroenterology http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/collection/gastroenter ology_sub Permissions & Licensing Information about reproducing this article in parts (figures, tables) or in its entirety can be found online at: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/site/misc/Permissions.xht ml Reprints Information about ordering reprints can be found online: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml PEDIATRICS is the official journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. A monthly publication, it has been published continuously since 1948. PEDIATRICS is owned, published, and trademarked by the American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Boulevard, Elk Grove Village, Illinois, 60007. Copyright © 1997 by the American Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0031-4005. Online ISSN: 1098-4275. Downloaded from pediatrics.aappublications.org by guest on August 22, 2014
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text:
Illustration by Angus McBride
first reports of Amazon warriors in America comes from Christopher Columbus.
On March 4, 1493, Columbus wrote that he had encountered; women warriors on
the island of Martinique, he also claimed they covered themselves with copper
plates and used bows and arrows made of sugar cane. This story is supported
by Alfonso Ulloa, who accompanied Columbus on all four of his voyages to the
New World, also wrote about the women warrior of Martinique in his book; Historia
del Senor Don Fernando Colombo. In this book he wrote that the locals claimed
that the island of Martinique
was then only populated by women. Men from other islands would only come to the island at a certain days of the year to collect boys, and would bring the boy up.
The Spanish also reported other islands called Las Mujeres, (which means women in Spanish) and Cozumel where again women warriors were seen. Unfortunately these early Caribbean people were killed, raped and enslaved by the Spanish conquistadors.
Michele de Cuneo wrote in February 1495 that Columbus captured 1,600 Tainos (the name of the original Caribbean people) and put 550 on ships, but 200 died on the return passage. To discourage the Spanish invading their islands for food the Tainos burnt their own crops, resulting in many dying of hunger, unfortunately this still didn't stop the Spanish taking them as slaves. Forced labor, diseases such as measles and smallpox, and famine decimated the native people until only 60,000 Tainos were counted in 1509. When the Tainos tried to fight back killing a few Spaniards the revenging killing by the Spanish were extremely brutal. For instance; when the natives of Higuey and Saona killed eight Spaniards, four hundred troops slaughtered the natives of these islands. The Tainos turn out to be so unsatisfactory as slaves, that the Spanish began to import African slaves in 1505.
Amazons were also reported by the Spanish in California, unfortunately these reports are very controversial because not only were these tribes ruled by women they were also black. When the Spanish first came to California they found two races of people the Indian people with racial features similar to Chinese Japanese, Philippines, and black Amazons.
Up until 1862 the origin of the name California was a mystery, until a scholars discovered a novel written in 1521 by Garcia Ordonez de Montalvo. The book, called The Exploits of the Very Powerful Cavalier Esplandian, Son of the Excellent King Amadis of Gaul. Within this book was the story of Queen Califia, an Amazon Queen so it seems that when the Spanish first began to explore the North-West coast of America and discovered tribes of black Amazon women they called the place California after this fictional Queen Califia.
Now the idea of black people in America before the Europeans discovered it, is very controversial. Yet archaeologists have discovered bodies of people different to that of the Asiatic Native Americans. In Brazil a female skull was discovered in Luzia having a long and narrow skull that was 12,000 years old. The same is true in Mexico in Penon another woman's skull was found of a similar type, 13,000 years old. What is even more controversial about all these skulls is that they very much the same as Australia Aborigines or African Bushmen. So if that is the case what happened to these people? The black people in California just didn't suddenly disappeared they were later reported by the French and English explorers. The problem is; that as black slaves from Africa were imported into America they were confused in the minds of the European settlers with the Native Black people. As these people had no voice in the White man's history, there origins were obscured and forgotten.
In the official history of America it states that America was populated by Asian people about 13,400 years ago through a land bridge that once existed between Siberia and Alaska. Yet archaeologists have found remains of human activity going back 50,000 years in America. So it suggests that pre-history of America was very different to what we have be led to believe.
It is of interest that the Spanish found that these black people sailing in ships and were told that these people traded with islands far out into the Pacific. This is similar to a what was told to the Spanish by the Incas in Peru. A Inca ruler called Tupac took a fleet of balsa rafts. (Similar to the Kon-Tiki raft that Thor Heyerdahl sail across the Pasific) to islands of Avachumbi and Ninachumbi. (No one knows who these islands are). After a year they came back with booty and many black people.
Then there
is the mystery of the Olmec people. The central American Olmec civilization
pre-dates the
Malya civilization and existed between 1500 to 100 B.C. where it then disappeared. What they left behind is very large carvings of heads of weighing between 20-40 tons. Who these people were is unknown but it is speculated they were Olmec kings. They are very naturalistic carvings but the problem with them is they are not Asiatic faces, but have the flattened noses, wide lips the features of Africans. Even there writing system reflects this as many of its symbols are similar to the writings used by the Vai people of West Africa. What is more the later Mayan writing, which comes from the Olmec, when broken down into their constituent parts were analogous to the ancient Libyco-Berber writings of North Africa.
The most famous sighting of Amazons in America comes from Francisco de Orellana who was a member of the army that conquered Peru. In 1541 Orellana was part of a Spanish army which went to find El Dorado in the Amazon jungle. Soon they were running out of food and Orellana was ordered to build a boat and sail down the river in search of food. He was unsuccessful in this, and at their agreed meeting point they missed the main Spanish force. They then continued down the river until they came to a Indian village who gave them food. They stayed there and built a even larger ship and heard tales about the Coniupuyara which means "great women" that lived further down the river. As they drifted further down the river they come upon more Indian villages and most were hostile towards them. Then they came to a city set upon platform in the middle of a clearing. Orellana managed to communicate with friendly natives who told him this was the city of their rulers. They went on to explain that the rulers were call; "the women who live alone" and they ruled over the land. It seemed that when the female rulers visited their villages, the people gave them feathers of parrots and macaws, to decorate the roofs of their altars.
Orellana continued down the river but when he tried to go ashore again near another large settlement he met fierce resistance. In the ranks of the natives they saw tall, naked white women who seem to be in charge. The Spanish then fired at these Amazons and killed a several and the attack weakened allowing the Spanish to make their escape.
Now having tall white women at first seems to be very improbable yet reports of white people in pre-Columbia America, come from other parts of South America. The Incas told the Spanish that they were not the first white people they had met. They had mistakenly welcomed the Spanish into their cities thinking they were white Viracocha people, not knowing that the Spanish were only interested in conquest. The existence of these white people have been confirmed by archaeologists. In Washington State a body of a man 10,700 years old was discovered in Kennewich. He had skull longer and narrower than today's Native Americans. This has raise a controversy because it is like the skulls of Europeans and very different from Asians.
To get around this controversy it is now claimed that this is the skull of the Ainu people of Northern Japan. Unfortunately these people are also very controversial. It seems that the Ainu people were the original inhabitancies of Japan until it was invaded by Chinese people. Since then they have interbreed with the Chinese invaders, but originally they were white people. What is more they are a lot taller and then the average Chinese and Japanese people. Which is the same as the Kennewich man who again was a tall and strong individual which is what Oraellana saw; tall and strong white women.
After they escaped; Orellana questioned an Indian prisoner about the Amazon attackers. The Indian admitted he knew about the women because he took them tribute on his chieftain's behalf. His chieftain was called Couvnco and his land was a vassal state of the Amazons, who lived some seven days' journey inland. He also said the women were not married and Orellana wanted to know more. Through a language of general Indian words and signs, the prisoner explained all he knew of the land of the Amazons. 'The women were very numerous and dwelled in seventy villages,' recorded Fray Caspar. 'Their houses were built of stone and provided with doors. The roads from one village to another were fenced on both sides and guarded at regular intervals so no one could approach without paying toll.' 'But who are the fathers of these women's children?' asked Orellana. 'The women make war against a great lord nearby.' replied the Indian, 'and bring back warriors as captives and live with them in their villages. When a woman becomes pregnant, the prisoners are sent back to their land. When a son is born, he is killed and his body sent to the father. When a daughter is born, she is cared for and taught the ways of war.'
'Who is the lord of these women?' he was asked, 'They are subject to a female chieftain called Conori.' said the Indian. 'The Amazons possess great wealth in silver and gold. The household utensils of the most important Amazon women are made of precious metals. They have five great houses or temples dedicated to the sun, containing idols of gold and silver representing the figures of women. Their clothing is made of fine llama wool and it covers their bodies from breast to knee and is sometimes fixed by buttons, sometimes by laces. They have long hair and wear gold crowns two inches in width adorned with coloured designs.'
Orellana continued down the river to the open sea and then managed to sail his two homemade ships back to Spain. He also named the river The Amazon after the female warriors who attacked him.
Yet 20 years later when the next European expedition explored the river they found no trace of the fabulous cities reported by Orellana or the Amazon warriors. As a result Orellana was to be labelled by historians a liar, and his stories of marvelous cities, female rulers and Amazon warriors exaggerated fantasies. This was to be confirmed in more modern time when it was realized that the soil in the rail-forests is very poor for growing crops. At present farmers are destroying the Amazon forest by the slash and burn method. They cut down a large area, then burn it, and plant crops. Yet after a few years the soil is so depleted that crops no longer can be grown. So they have to go on to cut down another area and do the same thing.
For this reason modern experts claimed that a ancient civilization to exist in the Amazon basin was impossible because all civilizations in the past have relied on intensive farming for food. So it seems to be that Orellana was clearly a liar because there was no evidence of any kind to support his stories.
Then very recently archaeologists began to find large earth mounds in the Amazon forests. It occurred to some of them that these mounds might be artificial and they began to dig in them and quickly found large amounts of pottery and other man made artifacts. Not only this, some of these fragments suggested they come from very large pots, far too large to be carried around by anyone. This then means that these mounds were the remains of ancient settlements. As the archaeologists explored further they found ancient roads, linking these mounds demonstrating a complex infrastructure of an ancient civilization. If this was so, how did they feed themselves? Because, as previously mentioned, without intensive farming they could not feed a large population.
The archaeologists then noticed the soil in the mounds was very different to the normal soil of the rain forest. It was reasoned, that this ancient civilization must have found a way to fertilize this normally barren soil. Test were done on the soil and it was discovered the it was full of charcoal. What become clear was this ancient civilization used the slash and burn method, but instead of burning the vegetation they cooked the wood instead. (This is the method of making charcoal all over the world). The charcoal was then able to retain the nutrients in the wood. Not only that, this charcoal rich soil was full of bacteria which fed the plants growing in it. Modern scientist have reproduced this method and been greatly impressed by the results. In experimental plots, adding a combination of charcoal and fertilizer into the rain-forest soil boosted yields by 880% compared with fertilizer alone. This has now been hailed as a solution to the world's hunger problem. It seems that this ancient civilization found solutions to the problems of poor soil that modern science with all its sophisticated chemical fertilizers was unable to find.
This soil
has been found in many other areas along the Amazon river. With ancient artificial
within it wherever found. Showing a large civilization and all these mounds are in the places where Orellana claimed he saw these cities and towns. So what happened to this ancient civilization?
can only speculate, but it is known that the Europeans brought with them diseases
that were
unknown to the native population, like small pox and influenza. Not having any immunity to these diseases the native population was decimated. It means that the Orellana expedition brought to the native population these diseases, which would have wiped out most of them out very quickly. The civilization collapsed and the jungle soon overgrew the cities and town. So by the time the next Europeans came to the same area all they would have seen was virgin jungle.
The problem is with this theory is that no civilization has been destroyed by disease alone. Even the back death plagues that swept Europe were not enough to destroy European civilization. The two things that has destroyed civilizations in the past have been; years of drought and famine or conquest and genocide. Now we can rule out famine, because the Amazon basin has shown no sign of this for thousands of years. So this only leaves conquest and genocide.
The original expedition that Orellana was a part off was searching for El Dorardo, on the strength of native stories. And the Indian whom he questioned told him that; 'The Amazons possess great wealth in silver and gold. The household utensils of the most important Amazon women are made of precious metals. They have five great houses or temples dedicated to the sun, containing idols of gold and silver representing the figures of women'. It was probably this that sealed the Amazon civilization's fate. The Spanish were gold crazy and would of wanted to find and loot this gold. This is why Orellana come back to the Amazon to with another expedition, but he was beaten back by the natives and he himself died and the expedition returned empty handed.
Yet it
would be inconceivable that no-one else tried to do the same, with reports of
gold within this Amazon civilization. So the obvious thing would be another
expedition came back to the Amazon and
destroyed it completely and looted all the gold it had.
If that is the case; why hasn't it been reported in history? The main reason could be the Christian Church. One of the hidden agendas of the Church is the oppression of Women, so reports from Orellana of a Amazon civilization would not of gone down well with them. More reports coming back of this civilization would give women in Europe confidence within themselves and encourage them to perhaps even take up arms and fight for their rights. So probably another larger expedition was organized but the Church decided to either not allow it to be reported, or destroyed anything that was written down about it.
So like many stories of Amazon warriors, the evidence was destroyed, to undermine women's confidence in themselves.
William Bond
May 2006


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In Tamil films, where heroes are either super humans or superstars, there is no place for talented actresses. Heroines are just used to add glamour to the film.
Last year, the woman-centric film Poo gave Parvathy ample opportunity to showcase her talent. But this year, we only have Ananda Thandavam, where the heroine is the mainstay of the film.
Here are the actresses who have really impressed us this year.
Films: Ayan, Kanden Kathalai, Ananda Thandavam
Undoubtedly, 2009 belonged to Tamannah. From the way filmmakers are lining up behind her, she will be the most sought after actress in 2010 as well.
The top slot, which was vacant when Asin shifted to Bollywood and Nayantara to Telugu cinema, has now been taken over by Tamannah. With Ayan -- the biggest hit of 2009 -- Tamannah has truly arrived.
The superhit was followed by the Tamil remake of Jab We Met, Kanden Kathalai. Tamannah made the character her own, and no one compared her to Jab We Met heroine Kareena Kapoor.
But she was the most impressive in Ananda Thandavam, the film adaptation of Sujatha's novel Pirivom Sandipom. As Madhumita, Tamannah showed that she could be innocent and cunning at the same time. It was the best performance of the year.


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D-2571 - D-2571 - Kearsey Collection.
1 - D-2571/1 - An Eventful Life: transcript of reminiscences of H M Burnett (nee Lee) including recollection of meeting Thomas hardy in 1926. With photograph of the supposed Greenwood Tree and article extracted from Country Life. - 20th Century
2 - D-2571/2 - Stinsford Memories: transcript of reminiscences of Jean Hansell including recollection of meeting Thomas Hardy in 1926. - 20th Century
3 - D-2571/3 - Aerial photograph of Stinsford. - circa 1930s
4 - D-2571/4 - Ten photographs of Princess Mary at a Girl Guide rally at Kingston Maurward. - 1930
5 - D-2571/5 - Birkin House, Stinsford. Photographs of Brownies from Units of Dorchester District at a "Brownie Revels" held on Saturdays.. - c 1972
6 - D-2571/6 - Birkin House, Stinsford. Photograph of Girl Guides from Units of the Dorchester District at a Patrol Camp.. - c 1972
7 - D-2571/7 - Birkin House, Stinsford. Photograph of Brownies and Girl Guides presenting a "Thanks badge" to Mrs Weber who owned Birkin House and hosted events for Brownies and Girl Guides there.. - c 1974
8 - D-2571/8 - Correspondence from evacuees from Swathling School, Southampton. Memories of their time at Bockhampton School: Bob Salway, his sister and brothers (with photographs), billeted with Mr and Mrs T Davis of West Stafford; Robert Clarke billeted with Mr and Mrs F Old, West Stafford; Mrs Doris Green (nee Wray) evacuated to Osmington billeted to Mr and Mrs Wallace, then at West Stafford, billeted with the Slade family; Douglas Eaves billeted with Mr and Mrs Bartlett, Talbothayes Cottages. - 1939-1944
9 - D-2571/9 - Correspondence about Miss Lilian Marsh, teacher at Swathling School who was evacuated to Bockhampton School with the children.. - 1939-1944
10 - D-2571/10 - Photocopy of Report of Stanley E Watts to the Southampton authorities on the Evacuation of Southampton schoolchildren to the Dorchester Area and Broadmayne in particular. Topics reported on: happiness in billets, clothing, hostels, schools, character (behaviour), attitude of the community, holidays, diaries, employment, withdrawal from the scheme, relationships with the Billeting Officers. With covering letter written from Frome Farm, West Stafford.. - Nov 1941
11 - D-2571/11 - Photocopy of Bockhampton School and the tree opposite known as The Greenwood Tree.. - c 1912
12 - D-2571/12 - Photocopy of group of children at Bockhampton School with teachers. Mentioned: Miss Askew, Miss Morgan, Gerald Stockley, Maurice Atkins.. - c 1920
13 - D-2571/13 - Photocopy of group of children at Bockhampton School. Mentioned: Olive Symes, Reg Kellaway, Fred Bowles, Reg Atkins, Dorothy Lush.. - c 1930
14 - D-2571/14 - Postcard of Bockhampton School with a group of pupils. With enlarged photocopy. - c 1918
15 - D-2571/15 - Lower Bockhampton. Photocopy of Rawlence and Squarey sale particulars for The School House and modern canteen premises. With two photographs of conversion work.. - 1 Nov 1961
16 - D-2571/16 - Higher Kingston, Stinsford. Four views of Higher Kingston House, farm, barn and farm cottages. Photographic copies.. - 1938
17 - D-2571/17 - Photocopied extracts from farm diary, Dorset Farm Institute. Mentioned:Messrs FJ Atkins, HW Crabb, FH Bowles, J Parker jnr., J Parker snr, C Symes, C Bowles, C hensheen, J Richardson, J Bowles, B Dunford.. - 1948-1951
18 - D-2571/18 - Dorset Farm Institute. Transcribed recollections of the beginning of the Institute by Tom Tetsill (1910-1995) appointed carpenter in 1948. Mentioned: Bernie Marsh of Dewlish; Mr Christopher the gardener; Mr R Kenney, principal; Bill Read, farm worker; Mr Hull, farmer of Stinsford; Charl Symes, Benny Atkins, Bert Crabb, Ron Maple, pigman; Fred Kellaway bricklayer. Copy photograph of Fred Kellaway, Tom Tetsill and Bernie Marsh[?]. - 12 Jul 1982
19 - D-2571/19 - Dorset Farm Institute. Copy photograph of the remains of the tithe barn adjacent to the Old Manor House with the pidgeon loft behind. Both demolished soon after 1947. The barn is mentioned in The Life of Thomas Hardy. He attended a Harvest Supper there as a 10 year old when Mr and Mrs Martin owned the estate.. - c 1950
20 - D-2571/20 - Photocopy of the Election address by Sir Cecil Hanbury of Kingston Maurward, conservative party candidate for North Dorset in the General Election of 1923 with supporting address from Lady Hanbury and a photograph of Sir Cecil.. - 1923
21 - D-2571/21 - Fordington. Photograph taken at 1 Fordington Green, Dorchester in 1940. L to R: Marie Padley, evacuee; Jean Day daughter, Dorothy Day, mother; and Laurel Barratt, evacuee. With letter mentioning St Charles School, North Kensington and her stay in Fordington.. - Jul 2004
22 - D-2571/22 - Moule Institute, Fordington. Group photo of Rabbit Pie Supper. Mentioned: Marie Padley, Jean Day, Laurel Barratt, Margery Taylor, Dorothy Day.. - 1940
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Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center was granted a 3-star Landscape Management and Operations Accreditation as awarded by the Professional Grounds Management Society (PGMS), it was announced by Accreditation Facilitator Joe Jackson, CGM.
Associate Director of Facilities Operations Terry Kreiser developed the accreditation submission and received the honor on behalf of the school. He explained his inspiration to apply for the accreditation was to provide recognition to his grounds team and to determine how well they are doing in the industry. "We wanted to gain some assurance that we were doing the right things and meeting or exceeding industry best practices. We also wanted to learn what we may not doing right, and ways that we might improve our current practices," he said. After receiving and reviewing the multi-page report from the PGMS Accreditation Evaluation team, Terry plans to create a much more detailed and organized Grounds Management Plan and make more of an effort to communicate their projects/efforts to the organization and surrounding community.
The Accreditation recognizes the Medical Center's forward thinking approach to seeking and setting standards and expectations, as demonstrated with their Campus Tree Inventory, Forest Management Plan, Native Planting and Maintenance Strategies, Campus Stormwater Study, and the Landscape Master Plan. It also recognized the institution's sustainable maintenance activities, which include reforestation, planting of native materials, composting, pervious pavements, rain gardens, green roof gardens, and the use of battery and electric equipment and vehicles.
The PGMS Landscape Management and Operations Accreditation program is a dynamic evaluation tool designed to be used by facilities and organizations that have a landscape services or grounds component. Through peer expertise, the program evaluates strategic grounds management principles and practices that produce and guide the delivery of properties to an attractive, healthy, sustainable and high quality state, states PGMS. The accreditation focuses on three categories: environmental stewardship, economic performance, and social responsibilities. The program has four levels of accreditation (1, 2, 3 and 4–star.) It is designed to not only recognize excellence but to provide a means by which facilities can measure growth and improvements in meeting the goals of best practices.
For more information on the accreditation program please visit https://pgms.org/accreditation/.


text:
Public Hearing Scheduled to Discuss Cottonwood Gravel Pit Access
July 5, 2018
DEER LODGE – The Powell County Planning Board will hold a public hearing to discuss a potential revision to the haul route of the Cottonwood Gravel Pit as proposed by Deer Creek Excavating, LLC. The hearing will be held July 12 at 1 p.m. at the Meeting Room at William K. Kohrs Memorial Library in Deer Lodge.
The Planning Board approved the request to use Evergreen Drive as a haul route for Double Arrow Ranch projects in January 2018 with the stipulation that Missoula County, Double Arrow Land Owners Association and Deer Creek Excavating enter into a Road Use Agreement.
Following a public...
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The entire Australian Open tournament could now be played indoors, with the completion of a third retractable roof at Melbourne Park.
The retractable roof on the Margaret Court Arena will allow matches to continue even in the extreme heat that riled players and forced the suspension of matches last year.
The addition of the world's fastest retractable roof - it can open or close in five minutes - means there is no need for play to stop, rain, hail or shine.
And more fans then ever will have access to a stadium seat when purchasing a ground pass. The cheapest open tickets will provide access to Hisense Arena, which has a capacity of more than 9000, but not to Margaret Court Arena.
Margaret Court Arena - and not Hisense - used to be included in ground pass admission, but only had a capacity of 6000. That capacity has increased to 1500 for this year's tournament.
A ground pass costs between $29 and $54, and also provides access to outer courts.
Tennis Australia chief executive Craig Tiley said the entire tournament could now be played between Rod Laver Arena, Hisense Arena and the Margaret Court Arena.
"To be able to weatherproof this court so quickly enables us to have continuous play," Mr Tiley told the ABC.
"Often you see in other stadiums, you've got to stop play before you can close the roof. That's not the case here. It means that this Melbourne Park precinct is the only grand slam venue in the world with three courts like this."
Last year, matches were suspended and nearly 1000 fans treated for heat exhaustion as the mercury climbed above 40 degrees on four consecutive days during the Open.
Canadian player Frank Dancevic fainted during the second set of his first-round match and later claimed he had hallucinated and seen the comic character Snoopy, while Frenchman Jo-Wilfried Tsonga thought his shoes were sticking to the court and Danish star Caroline Wozniacki said her water bottle started to melt.
Mr Tiley said the Bureau of Meteorology had predicted there would be only one 40-degree day during this year's tournament.
"So if that weather holds true, we do hope to break the 700,000 people mark, which would be a significant accomplishment for us," he said.
The new roof has capped off a $366 million investment by the Victorian government in the first stage of the redevelopment of Melbourne Park, with the second stage now under way.
The first stage of the redevelopment also included the construction of the National Tennis Centre.
The 2015 Australian Open begins in Melbourne on January 19.


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Agents is a theme introduced in the Summer of 2008 and continued into 2009 as Agents 2.0, and is now discontinued. It involved an elite team of secret agents using high-powered technology to thwart the plans of an international crime syndicate led by Dr. Inferno.
Sets in the line typically contained elements from both factions in action against each other - members of the Agents, a top secret commando team tasked with investigating and preventing international crime; and the evil Dr. Inferno and his ranks of equally-maniacal associates. Each side had access to top-of-the-line technology, ranging from the minijets and mobile command units of the Agents to the ingenious weapons of destruction and mayhem devised by Dr. Inferno.
The Agents line is heavily inspired by the movies of James Bond and is an over-the-top parody of action-packed spy thrillers in general.
- Each set featured a short comic strip on the box showing the background to that set's action.
- 8634 Mission 5: Turbocar Chase included a credit card-sized "identity card." Other numbered sets in the line included a star on their sticker sheets that could be applied to spaces on the card, to show the "agent's" ranking.
- In the first Shop@Home catalogue featuring Agents, Agent Fuse and Agent Charge are erroneously shown with Trace's torso, apparently giving them female features.
- The Agents theme takes place mainly in exotic outdoor locations, while Agents 2.0 takes place in a city-like location.
- The theme was a replacement of the theme Alpha Team.
- Oddly, a minifigure dressed in a white Agent's suit appeared in a LEGO Universe trailer.
- An ad for this theme was shown on Template:Poptropica.
Alternate/combiner sets:
Mission X
This online game, released by LEGO in Summer 2008, you are an agent playing Missions 1 through 5. No storyline or plot is revealed in this game. You are an agent all throughout this game.
The Robot Chronicles
This online game is a combination of LEGO City, Racers, and Agents 2.0. It features Dr. Inferno in his robo attack suit terrorizing LEGO City. This does reveal some storyline of how the agents defeated Dr. Inferno's robo attack. You can be part of the agents or part of Dr. Inferno's organization.
|Agent Charge
|Agent Chase
|Agent Fuse
|Agent Trace
|Agent Swipe
|Agent Swift
|Dr. Inferno
|Break Jaw
|Dollar Bill
|Gold Tooth
|Saw Fist
|Slime Face
|Spy Clops
|Dr. D. Zaster
|Magma Commander
|Magma Drones


text:
Who ordered the bailouts?
Nov 08, 2011
When the bank bailouts were happening, it was quite obvious that a better solution would have been to bail out the people themselves and let them pay down their mortgages. This would have indirectly bailed out the banks too, because fewer people would have had to default on their debts. But instead, they gave the money directly to the banks themselves.
With the people themselves remaining in dire straits and up to their ears in debt, their credit rating was still too low to obtain loans, so the banks sat on the money. In other words, the bank bailouts did not stop the people from defaulting. It just allowed the banks to take over homes and property without suffering from monetary shortages themselves.
Mr. Bush got the great bailout started in October of 2008, with a paltry $700-billion (U.S.). He anguished over this "breathtaking intervention" in the markets. ("The last thing I wanted to do was bail out Wall Street.") The Senate vote for the bailout was bipartisan: 74-25. The House vote was also bipartisan: 263-171. Indeed, Democrats supported Mr. Bush more enthusiastically than Republicans (House Democrats favoured the bailout 172-63; Republicans voted against it 108-91).
When Mr. Obama took office in January of 2009, he embraced a radical extension of the bailout (at a temporary cost of trillions of dollars)....
Mr. Obama could have sent a $10,000 cheque to every man, woman and child in the country, instead. People would have spent some of this money and paid down debt with the rest – equally productive uses. The risk-adverse banks, in contrast, sat on the bailout money.


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Dr. Judith Lucci is an Amazon bestselling author who writes what she knows. She is the author of the Alex Destephano Medical Thriller Series set in New Orleans and the newly released Michaela McPherson mystery series set in her home town of Richmond, Virginia. The new Richmond series focuses on newly retired homicide detective Michaela McPherson,her 82 year old aristocratic side kick, The Countess Dorothy Borghese, and Mic's rescue police dog, Angel. Mic, Dottie and Angel solve crimes of epic dimension. Recently, The Case of Dr. Dude, the first Michaela McPherson won 'Best Read of the Summer' an award presented by Lock Publishing in the United Kingdom. A second Michaela McPherson mystery, The Dead Dowager releases in early December of 2016. Judith also has a collection of short stories, Black Magic Bayou, best described as 'moralistic tales' that use Cajun and Creole lore and legend as their basis. A novella, Beach Blanket Murders: The Ocean Can Be Deadly is due out June 1 and is set on the Outer Banks of North Carolina. She's also contributed to three anthologies and author collections.
"Before I wrote fiction, I was an academic writer who published research, theoretical works, authored text books and just about anything a college professor needed to publish to survive." The differences in academic and fiction writing are dramatic. Writing what I know encourages me to pull from my clinical experiences, some good, some not and use popular fiction as a means to teach and advocate for others. Dr. Lucci's books have three purposes, to engage the reader, to entertain them and to educate about healthcare and perhaps, the darker side of hospital life and life in general. Her books are described as contemporary novels that focus on and describe current social, moral and ethical issues in present day society. Judith is a true advocate for social justice and ethical reasoning and that theme is often prevalent in her work.
Dr. Lucci is a nurse who holds graduate and doctoral degrees from Virginia Commonwealth University and the University of Virginia. She's an avid reader and loves making stuff up and writing it down. She's a member of the Virginia Writers Club, The Gulf Coast Writers Club, The Shenandoah Valley Writers group and Sisters in Crime.
"When I'm not writing I'm probably creating or teaching art, painting on silk, oil or watercolor. Please feel free to contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com or visit my website at www.judithlucci.com or see me on Facebook/judithlucci. I am excited about meeting you!