text:
Link to Bylaws (please print last page and return)
Link to BSA Troop Resource Survey
Troop 414 Bylaws Revised: Apr 2019 | Pg 1
Council: Laurel Highlands
District: Beaver Valley
Charter Organization: Rehoboth Evangelical Lutheran Church
Article I. DOCUMENT
Section 1.01 PURPOSE
- a) The purpose of this document, BSA Scout Troop 414 Bylaws (here in referred to as 'bylaws') is to provide definition, purpose, guidelines, rules and regulations regarding the membership, organization, operation and function of Troop 414.
Section 1.02 INTENT
- a) These bylaws are intended to supplement the BSA rules and regulations.
- b) In the event that these bylaws do not address a specific situation/scenario, the bylaws will serve as a guide and the intent of the scout spirit will be followed in all decisions.
Article II. MISSION STATEMENT
Article II. MISSION STATEMENT
Section 2.01 MISSION
- a) The mission of BSA Troop 414 is to prepare male youth in the Economy Borough area to make good, ethical and moral choices over their lifetimes through character development and by instilling in them the values set forth in the Scout Oath and Scout Law
Article III. ORGANIZATION OF THE TROOP
Section 3.01 TROOP COMMITTEE
- a) The Troop Committee is comprised of all registered adult members of Troop 414 and
is responsible for the overall direction and management of the Troop.
- b) The Troop Committee must have a minimum of six members, one of who serves as
the Troop Committee Chairperson, to comply with BSA regulations.
- c) It is desirable to have a majority of Troop Committee members present to conduct a meeting; however, a Committee meeting can be conducted at the discretion of the Committee Chairperson. Any motions must be tabled until a quorum of Committee members are present. Multiple committee positions held by the same adult member shall count as 1 and any vacant positions shall not be counted until filled.
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- d) Only Troop Committee members are entitled to vote on Troop Committee matters. The registration process must be completed through the local council before voting rights are granted.
- e) The Committee Chairperson, Scoutmaster and Institutional Representative(Charter Organization) has no vote on Troop Committee matters.
- f) All Troop Committee matters must have a majority vote of those Troop Committee
members in attendance to pass.
- g) Current recognized Troop Committee positions are as follows:
- Chairman – (see responsibilities listed in next section)
- Secretary – responsible for meeting minutes and Troop correspondence
- Treasurer – responsible for maintaining Troop finances
- Advancement – responsible for advancement record keeping
- Outdoors – responsible for all areas regarding outings
- Ways & Means – responsible for fundraising activities
- Recycling – responsible for recycling activities
- Communications – responsible for maintenance of the website and electronic communication programs
- Bylaws – responsible for the maintenance of the bylaws
- Quartermaster – responsible for storing and maintaining troop equipment
- h) The Troop Committee may be reorganized on an as needed basis, based on a recommendation of the Committee Chairperson, and upon approval of a majority vote or whenever Committee position is vacated.
- i) Committee members may volunteer to fill a vacant position and will assume the responsibilities of that position upon approval of a majority vote at the next scheduled Committee meeting.
- j) Committee meetings are open to all non-registered parents/guardians within the
Troop and Chartered Organization members as spectators.
- k) The Troop Committee responsibilities include:
- Adheres to and enforces the policies and regulations of the BSA
- Adheres to and enforces these bylaws
- Operates the Troop to ensure permanency
- Recruitment and training of quality leaders
- Selection of Troop Committee Chairperson, subject to approval of the Charter
- Assist the Charter Representative in selecting a Scoutmaster
- Development of community service projects
- Arrangements for transportation for outings
- Planning and assistance in fund-raising
- Providing for special needs and assistance for individual Scouts
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- Serve on boards of review and courts of honor.
- Maintaining records of Troop finances and advancement
- Assistance in the charter renewal process
- Securing tour permits for any activities as required
- Provide safe and adequate meeting facilities
- Purchase and maintenance of Troop equipment and supplies
- Provide positive encouragement to scouts, and ensure that the code of conduct
and safety is followed at all Troop events.
- Promotes active involvement and participation in Troop activities by parents to the extent possible
- Work together in unity as a Troop
- a) A Troop Committee Chairperson, Committee member, Scoutmaster or Assistant Scoutmaster who is not fulfilling their obligations or not abiding by the rules set forth by the Troop Committee or as listed in the Troop bylaws may be asked to resign by majority vote of the Troop Committee at a meeting fully and openly advertised at least 7 days in advance and to which all Committee members have been invited.
Section 3.02 TROOP COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSON
- a) The Troop Committee Chairperson is selected by a majority vote of the Troop
Committee, subject to the approval of the Charter Representative.
- b) As a Committee member the Troop Committee Chairperson must fulfill the responsibilities listed in the previous section as well as the following additional responsibilities:
- Organizes the Troop Committee to see that all functions are delegated,
coordinated, and completed.
- Maintains close communication with the Charter Representative and the
Unit Commissioner on appropriate Troop related matters.
- Ensures that adult leaders have training opportunities.
- Interprets national and local council policies to the Troop and ensures these policies are being followed.
- Creates and follows an agenda for Troop Committee meetings.
- Works closely with the Scoutmaster to understand the needs of the Troop.
- Calls, presides at and promotes attendance at monthly Troop Committee
- Ensures Troop representation at District Roundtable meeting.
- Arranges for charter reviews and re-charters the Troop annually.
Section 3.03 SCOUTMASTER
- a) The Scoutmaster is selected by the Charter Representative, with recommendation
of the Troop Committee.
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- b) The Scoutmaster has the following responsibilities:
- Adheres to and enforces the policies and regulations of the BSA and these
- Fosters the concepts and themes of the BSA.
- Works with adult leadership and parents to provide a superior scouting experience to all members of the Troop.
- Provides Troop status on activities, events, issues or concerns at the Committee meetings.
- Recruits Assistant Scoutmasters, subject to Committee approval.
- Guides Patrol Leaders Council (PLC) in planning the Troop program.
- Trains and guides youth leaders to run the Troop.
- Helps Scouts grow through character development and encourages them to
learn for themselves.
- Active participation and attendance for all Troop activities, meetings, and
outings (75% or higher).
- c) The Scoutmaster has a discretionary spending limit of $50.00 per month.
Section 3.04 ASSISTANT SCOUTMASTER
- a) Assistant Scoutmasters are typically assigned to a Patrol and are responsible to the
Scoutmaster in the following capacities:
- Serves as an advisor and adult resource for the Patrol(s).
- Supports the Patrol Leader(s) and Assistant Patrol Leader(s) with advice and
- Serves as the 'acting' Scoutmaster in the absence of the Scoutmaster.
- Assigned to special functions as needed.
Section 3.05 ADULT LEADERSHIP
- a) The Scoutmaster and Assistant Scoutmasters are required to attend training as their time permits (Scoutmaster Fundamentals, University of Scouting, etc.). The cost of training will be reimbursed by the Troop.
- b) Adult leaders are encouraged to attend training, including Fast Start training and Basic leadership training. The cost of training may be reimbursed, provided sufficient funds are available and subject to approval of a majority vote of the Troop Committee.
- c) All adults registered with the Troop are required to complete Youth Protection,
Risk Zone.
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- d) A minimum of two-deep registered adult leadership is required for all Troop activities. Additional registered adults may be required as needed to keep within the BSA ratio regulations.
Section 3.06 YOUTH MEMBERSHIP (SCOUTS)
- a) Any boy who has completed 5th grade, or is 11 years old, or who has earned the Arrow of Light Award, but has not reached the age of 18, may apply for membership as a Scout in the Troop.
B)Toop membership will require the approval of a majority vote of the Troop
Committee only in the event of the following:
- Troop leadership, facilities, and/or resources are of constrained to the point that new membership would be detrimental to the safe operation of the troop. (In this instance, priority will be given to applicants with siblings in the troop and parishioners of the Charter Organization).
- Special circumstances, prior behavioral issues or unethical/criminal behavior as
- c) Scouts are organized into small working groups known as Patrols and are guided
by the youth leaders known as the Patrol Leaders Council (PLC).
Section 3.07 PATROLS
- a) The Troop fosters the Patrol Method, in which Scouts function and operate within
smaller working groups.
- b) A Patrol is a subdivision of the Troop, which allows the Scouts to organize and
operate in a more manageable environment due to its smaller size.
- c) Patrol size and make-up will be determined by the SPL with input from the
Scoutmaster and Troop Committee.
- d) Patrol(s) are boy-led by a Patrol Leader, who is assisted by an Assistant Patrol
- e) Communications to and from Scouts are expected to be through their Patrol Leaders (or Assistant Patrol Leader, in the event a Patrol Leader is unavailable). If neither are available Scouts should contact the Senior Patrol Leader or Assistant Senior Patrol Leader(s).
Section 3.08 YOUTH LEADERSHIP (PLC)
- a) The Patrol Leaders Council, or PLC, is a group of scouts that provides the Youth
Leadership in the Troop.
- b) Planning and conduct of Troop meetings and activities is the responsibility of the
- c) The PLC is comprised of the following:
- Senior Patrol Leader
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- Assistant Senior Patrol Leader(s)
- Troop Quartermaster
- Troop Scribe
- Patrol Leader(s)
- Assistant Patrol Leader(s)
- d) Adult guidance is provided by the Scoutmaster, Assistant Scoutmaster(s) and
registered adults.
- e) The PLC plans and organizes Troop activities during the PLC meetings which are held 30 minutes prior to the weekly Troop meetings and monthly on the first Sunday of the month (following Roundtable) at 6pm.
- f) Youth Leadership patches will be provided by the Troop, assuming that sufficient
funds are available; otherwise they will be the responsibility of the scouts/parents.
Section 3.09 SENIOR PATROL LEADER (SPL)
- a) The SPL has many responsibilities, first and foremost is leadership of the PLC and working with the troop to develop, and implement the scouting program of their design.
- b) The SPL, serves as the Troop's leader at all Troop functions and ensures all scouts
in their patrols are working together to achieve program goals.
- c) The SPL serves as a representative of the Troop; an example is the attendance of
SPL meetings at summer camp or camporees.
- d) The SPL is expected to make use of his Assistant Senior Patrol Leader(s) (ASPL),
by coordinating and delegating assignments to them.
- e) The SPL is responsible to the Scoutmaster and Assistant Scoutmaster(s).
- f) Other SPL duties include:
- Appointing ASPL(s) with the approval of the Scoutmaster
- Ensures the Troop is prepared to take part in all Troop activities
- Show and help develop Troop spirit
- Work with other Troop leaders to make the Troop run well
- Know what patrol members and other leaders can do
- Set a good example
- Wear the Scout uniform correctly
- Live by the Scout Oath and Law
- Initiates communication (phone/email) to scouts and responds back to the
Scoutmaster when all scouts have been contacted. g) A scout should be in the troop at least a year and attained the rank of First Class scout (provided that there are scouts with the rank of First Class scout and above available for the position) before considering the position of SPL.
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Section 3.10 ASSISTANT SENIOR PATROL LEADER (ASPL)
- a) Assists SPL in running the troop and acts as SPL in the absence or at the request of
the SPL. The ASPL is responsible to the Senior Patrol Leader.
- b) ASPL duties include:
- Performs tasks assigned by the SPL
- Acts as SPL in the absence of the SPL
- Actively help make sure the troop is prepared to take part in all troop activities
- Show and help develop troop spirit
- Work with other troop leaders to make the troop run well
- Coordinates with Quartermaster, Scribe, Historian, Librarian, and Chaplain's
Aide as needed
- Know or learns what patrol members and other leaders can do
- Set a good example
- Wear the Scout uniform correctly
- Live by the Scout Oath and Law
- Show and help develop scout spirit
- Assists with communication (phone/email) to scouts and responds back to the
SPL when all scouts have been contacted.
- c) A scout should be in the troop at least a year and attained the rank of First Class scout (provided that there are scouts with the rank of First Class scout and above available for the position) before considering the position of ASPL.
Section 3.11 TROOP QUARTERMASTER
- a) Works with Adult Quartermaster or Scoutmaster to supervise the purchase,
maintenance, replacement and issuing of Troop equipment.
- b) Responsible for instructing Scouts in the proper use of equipment and maintaining
inventory of Troop equipment and trailer.
- c) The Quartermaster is responsible to the SPL/ASPL(s) and Scoutmaster.
- d) Quartermaster duties include:
- Acts as SPL/ASPL in the absence of the SPL or ASPL
- Keep a record of troop equipment
- Keep equipment in good repair and report needed repairs
- Keep equipment storage area neat and clean
- Issue equipment and see that it is returned in good order
- Suggest new or replacement items
- Work with Adult Quartermaster or Scoutmaster
- Set a good example
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- Wear the Scout uniform correctly
- Live by the Scout Oath and Law
- Show and help develop Scout spirit
- e) A scout should be in the troop at least a year and attained the rank of First Class scout (provided that there are scouts with the rank of First Class scout and above available for the position) before considering the position of Troop Quartermaster.
Section 3.12 TROOP SCRIBE
- a) Documents actions and decisions made in the Patrol Leaders Council.
- b) The Scribe is responsible to the SPL/ASPL, and webmaster; additionally works
with the troop committee members.
- c) Scribe duties include:
- Keeps minutes of the PLC/Troop meetings and writes thank you letters.
- Record attendance
- Assist advancement in troop records and on Troop/Team Advancement chart
- Work with appropriate troop committee members responsible for records and
- Set a good example.
- Wear the Scout uniform correctly
- Live by the Scout Oath and Law
- Show and help develop Scout spirit
- d) A scout should be in the troop at least a year and attained the rank of First Class scout (provided that there are scouts with the rank of First Class scout and above available for the position) before considering the position of Troop Scribe
Section 3.13 TROOP HISTORIAN
- a) Documents troop activities by keeping a troop activity log and a troop community
service log.
- b) The Historian is responsible to the SPL/ASPL
- c) Historian duties include:
- Records the history of the Troop activities and maintains the Troop's scrapbooks/photo albums/electronic history.
- Gather pictures and facts about past activities of the troop and keep them in scrapbooks
- Take care of troop keepsakes and information files
- Keep information about troop alumni
- Coordinates with the Troop Webmaster to post Troop historical information to
the web site
- Set a good example
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- Wear the Scout uniform correctly
- Live by the Scout Oath and Law
- Show and help develop Scout spirit
- d) A scout should be in the troop at least a year and attained the rank of First Class scout (provided that there are scouts with the rank of First Class scout and above available for the position) before considering the position of Troop Historian.
Section 3.14 TROOP LIBRARIAN
- a) Maintains and issues books and merit badge pamphlets from the Troop library.
Suggests new books to purchase and add to the Troop Library.
- b) The Librarian is responsible to the SPL/ASPL.
- c) Librarian duties include:
- Establish and maintain a troop library
- Keep records on literature owned by the troop
- Add new or replacement items as needed
- Have literature available for borrowing at troop meetings
- Follow up on late returns
- Set a good example
- Wear the Scout uniform correctly
- Live by the Scout Oath and Law
- Show and help develop Scout spirit
- d) A scout should be in the troop at least a year and attained the rank of First Class scout (provided that there are scouts with the rank of First Class scout and above available for the position) before considering the position of Troop Librarian.
Section 3.15 CHAPLAIN'S AIDE
- a) Assist the troop chaplain or religious coordinator in meeting the religions needs of troop members
- b) The Chaplain's Aide is responsible to the SPL/ASPL and works with the Troop
- c) Chaplain's Aide duties include:
- Keep troop leaders appraised of religious holidays when planning activities
- Plan and present prayer for all meetings and activities
- Encourage saying grace at meals while camping or on activities
- Lead "Scouts Own" services on campouts
- Tell troop members about the religious emblems program for their faith
- Set a good example
- Wear the Scout uniform correctly
- Live by the Scout Oath and Law
- Show and help develop Scout spirit
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- d) A scout should be in the troop at least a year and attained the rank of First Class scout (provided that there are scouts with the rank of First Class scout and above available for the position) before considering the position of Chaplin's Aide.
Section 3.16 ORDER OF ARROW REPRESENTATIVE (OA)
- a) Represent the troop at OA functions and troop activities.
- b) OA Rep duties include:
- Attend OA monthly meetings at roundtable
- Report OA events and news to troop
- Participate in OA functions at scout activities
- Recruit new and existing members to take an active part in OA functions
- c) A scout should be in the troop at least a year and attained the rank of First Class scout (provided that there are scouts with the rank of First Class scout and above available for the position) before considering the position of OA Representative.
Section 3.17 PATROL LEADER (PL)
- a) The Patrol Leader coordinates the patrol's activities; with a primary focus on
communicating with members of his patrol.
- b) The Patrol Leader is responsible to the SPL/ASPL.
- c) Patrol Leader duties include:
- Patrol Leader appoints an Assistant Patrol Leader
- Patrol Leader will read and be familiar with the information contained in the
Patrol Leader's Handbook
- Help Assistant Patrol Leader develop leadership skill by delegating appropriate
leadership duties
- Plan and lead patrol meetings and activities
- Responsible for menu prep and purchases needed for activities and outings
- Keep patrol members informed
- Assign each patrol member a task and help them succeed
- Represent the patrol at all patrol leaders' council meetings
- Prepare the patrol to take part in all troop activities
- Show and help develop patrol spirit
- Work with other troop leaders to make the troop run well
- Know what patrol members and other leaders can do
- Set a good example
- Wear the Scout uniform correctly
- Live by the Scout Oath and Law
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- Show and help develop Scout spirit
- Initiate phone/email communication to patrol and responding back to
SPL/ASPL when all patrol members have been contacted
- d) A scout should be in the troop a year and attained the rank of First Class scout (provided that there are scouts with the rank of First Class scout and above available for the position) before considering the position of Patrol Leader having already served as an Assistant Patrol Leader, so he has had the opportunity to attend the Patrol Leaders Council. Exceptions to this rule must have the approval or the Scoutmaster.
Section 3.18 ASSISTANT PATROL LEADER (APL)
- a) The Assistant Patrol Leader's job is to assist the Patrol Leader as needed, filling in for the Patrol Leader in his absence.
- b) The Assistant Patrol Leader is responsible to the Patrol Leader.
- c) Assistant Patrol Leader duties include:
- Plan and lead patrol meetings and activities
- Keep patrol members informed
- Prepare patrol to take part in all troop activities
- Assist with preparation of patrol menu and purchases needed for patrol
- Lead the patrol in the patrol leader's absence
- Represent the patrol at all patrol leaders' council meetings in the patrol leaders
- Show and help develop patrol spirit
- Work with other troop leaders to make the troop run well
- Set a good example
- Wear the Scout uniform correctly
- Live by the Scout Oath and Law
- Show and help develop Scout spirit
- Assists with phone/email communication to patrol and responding back to PL
when all patrol members have been contacted
- d) A scout should be in the troop at least a year before accepting the position of Assistant Patrol Leader.
Section 3.19 WEBMASTER
- a) Work with the Adult Communications Chair to develop and maintain web content.
- b) The Webmaster is responsible to the Senior Patrol Leader and Assistant Senior
Patrol Leaders.
- c) Webmaster duties include:
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- Meets with the Adult Communications Chair to learn how to access and create information in the website programing language and applications. No prior experience is needed.
- Create one new static page for the Troop's website.
- Check all links of the website once a month and correct any that are no longer
- Makes updates to Troop's web page relating to scout participation in events, works with scribe and historian.
- Set a good example
- Wear the Scout uniform correctly
- Live by the Scout Oath and Law
- Show the Scout spirit
- d) A scout should be in the troop at least a year and attained the rank of First Class scout (provided that there are scouts with the rank of First Class scout and above available for the position) before considering the position of Troop Webmaster.
Article IV. TROOP OPERATION
Section 4.01 PROGRAM
- a) The Troop delivers the scouting program thru activities at regularly scheduled troop meetings, and various outdoor activities including weekend camping, weekly summer camps, and an annual spring trip.
- b) Additional high adventure outings are available for older scouts who have reached
the age of 14.
- c) Teaching, training and encouraging boys to be leaders is the core of Scouting. Scouts learn by doing, and what they do in the Troop is lead their patrols and their troop.
- d) Scouts will also learn skills of interest by earning merit badges, some of which are required and others of which are elective in order to advance thru the program.
Section 4.02 PLANNING
- a) Planning for the upcoming year is held annually, typically in August.
- b) All scouts are invited to attend and participate in planning the activities and events
for the upcoming year.
Section 4.03 UNIFORMS
- a) Scouts are expected to wear a clean, neat and properly configured Scout uniform
as outlined below.
- b) The Troop 414 Field Uniform, also known as Class A, shall consist of the
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- Official BSA khaki shirt (long or short sleeved)
- BSA insignia, including:
- US Flag
- World Crest
iii. Laurel Highlands Council Patch
- Troop 414 Patch or 414 Unit Numbers
- Current Rank Patch
- BSA Epaulets
- BSA bolo tie
- Troop approved 414 hat.
- Scouts are urged, but not required, to obtain the following regulation BSA
- BSA pants or BSA shorts
- BSA socks
iii. BSA belt
- Clean blue jeans in good condition may also be worn. Torn or baggy jeans that
are worn off the hips are not considered appropriate.
- Generic olive drab pants may be substituted for the official BSA pants.
- OA Scouts should wear their OA sash only for sanctioned OA events.
- Leaders may wear Wood Badge insignia as appropriate.
- c) Field uniforms (Class A) are to be worn at all troop meetings and other scout
functions unless otherwise specified.
- d) The Troop 414 Activity Uniform, also known as a Class B, shall consist of the
- Official BSA tee shirt or Troop 414 T shirt
- BSA theme shirts, i.e. Spring Trip or Summer Camp
- Clean blue jeans
- Approved Troop 414 hat
- e) Activity Uniforms may be worn to meetings following weekend activities where Field Uniforms were worn. Scouts not attending weekend activities are still required to wear Field Uniforms.
- f) Scouts are permitted to wear the Boy Scout uniform upon registration with the
- g) Parents are responsible for the purchase of uniforms.
- h) No open toed shoes of any kind may be worn to Troop meetings
- i) Boots are recommended for all hikes and other outdoor activities, camporees, and
summer camp.
- j) At summer camp, open toed sandals, flip-flops, shower thongs; etc. will be
permitted in the shower or waterfront areas only.
Section 4.04 MEETINGS
- a) Troop meetings are held weekly during the school year on Monday evening's
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beginning at 7:00pm for an hour and a half.
- b) Regular Monday troop meetings will be canceled on days that Ambridge Area School District cancels school or evening activities due to adverse weather conditions.
- c) Regular Monday troop meetings that fall on a holiday when there is no school will be held at the discretion of the PLC and approval of the Scoutmaster. The PLC will decide at least 1 month in advance if the regular troop meeting will be held on these occasions.
Section 4.05 RANK ADVANCEMENT
- a) Scouts will hold a rank based on their achievements in the program as prescribed
by the BSA and outlined in the Scout Handbook.
- b) The ranks in ascending order are as follows:
- Tenderfoot
- Second class
- First class
- Star
- Life
- Eagle
- c) Provided Eagle the BSA Joining Requirements have been met, most boys, upon
joining the troop, will hold the title of Scout. These include the following:
- Cub scouts crossing over into the Troop
- New members that have no prior scouting experience
- d) Scouts who transfer into the Troop from another unit will hold the rank as
documented from their transferring council.
- e) Scouts are eligible for Rank Advancement when they have successfully completed the requirements for that rank as outlined in the Scout Handbook and upon a recommendation of the Board of Review.
- f) Rank Advancement patches will be provided by the Troop, assuming that sufficient funds are available; otherwise they will be the responsibility of the scouts/parents.
Section 4.06 BOARDS OF REVIEW
- a) The Troop will follow all of the guidelines set by the BSA with regards to the requirements needed for a scout to be advanced to the rank they are requesting.
- b) Scouts appearing before a Board of Review, must bring their BSA Scout handbook and must be in full Class A uniform as outlined in Section 4.03.
- BSA approved Class A shirt with the patches attached
- c) If a scout is not properly prepared with the items listed above, the review will not
take place and will need to be rescheduled.
- d) Adult leaders sitting on a Board of Review must adhere to the following requirements:
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- Must be an active registered leader with Troop 414
- Must be in Class A uniform
- e) The advancement chair, or adult chairing the review if the advancement chair is not available, must have all of the paperwork needed to file for the rank advancement and the paperwork should be filed, as required, in a timely fashion for the scout.
Section 4.07 FUNDRAISING
- a) Scouts participation is mandatory with the following Troop fundraising events:
- Spaghetti dinners (held on Election Days) & set up as scheduled.
- Recycling – Scouts unable to attend recycling when scheduled are expected to coordinate another scout to attend in their place.
- Additional fundraising events that benefit the operation of the Troop.
- b) Fundraising events may be scheduled on an as-needed basis. These funds will go towards the Troop's general fund for operational costs or other items as deemed necessary by the Troop Committee.
- c) Scouts will also have the opportunity to participate in fundraising events that will directly benefit the scout by having a portion of the funds available for use by the scout for BSA related events and equipment.
- For regular fundraising events, the portion of the fundraising funds available to the scouts will be distributed to each participating scout by the Troop Treasurer for use to pay for scout-related events, materials and equipment. The funds will be maintained by the Troop Treasurer. The distribution of funds to each individual scout will be based on the total funds divided by the cumulative sum of all hours for all participating scouts multiplied by the individual scout's recorded participation hours as submitted by the Ways 'N Means Chair
- For non-regular or "special" fundraising events, the distribution of the portion of the fundraising funds available will be outlined in advance by the adult leader responsible for organizing the fundraising event and presented to the Troop Committee for review and approval prior to commencement of the event.
- e) Monies collected during fund-raisers are the responsibility of the Scouts' parents. Such monies are to be turned in promptly to the Ways and Means chair or the Troop Treasurer.
- f) Failure to remit any fundraiser monies to the Troop by the specified deadline shall
result in one oral request by the Treasurer.
- g) The Scout will not be permitted to attend any Troop functions other than Troop
meetings until the fundraising monies have been remitted to the Troop.
- h) Failure to respond to any oral request for fundraising monies within fifteen (15) days shall result in a written request by certified letter. Such certified letter shall state that failure to remit such monies or make a satisfactory schedule of payments shall result in legal action by the Troop to collect it.
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- i) A recipient of a certified letter requesting funds due the Troop shall have a fifteen
(15) day period from the date of the letter to respond to the same.
- j) Failure to respond to such a request shall result in legal action to collect the funds
due the Troop.
Section 4.08 FINANCES
- a) The Troop Committee will determine the amount for dues and registration, each
- b) Dues and registration may be paid by the Troop, as finances permit, as determined
by the Committee.
- c) In those years when Scouts and Adult Leaders are responsible for paying dues and registration, such amounts shall be paid to the Treasurer by the first Troop meeting in October or by a deadline determined by the Troop Committee.
- d) Scouts who commit to events with fees are responsible to pay those fees, unless the adult leadership associated with the activity can cancel the Scout's participation early enough to avoid a financial burden to the Troop.
- e) If the Committee determines that the Troop finances are sufficiently sound, the Committee may, at its discretion, authorize the use of Troop funds to pay for the cost of attending summer camp for Adult Leaders. Eligible adult leaders are those who will be in attendance at summer camp for at least three days and who have been active leaders.
- f) Adult Leaders will be considered as 'active' if they are a registered member of the Troop and provide substantial value to the organization and operation of the Troop, as deemed by the Troop Committee.
- g) In cases where there are multiple adult leaders from the same household, the active requirement for one leader will be satisfied through the combined participation of all leaders from that household. More than one leader from the same household may qualify for Troop sponsorship of the cost of summer camp if they individually satisfy the requirements stated above.
- h) The Troop Treasurer shall maintain appropriate records of the Troop's funds,
revenues and expenses.
- i) The Treasurer shall reconcile the Troop's financial accounts monthly and shall
make monthly reports to the Troop Committee.
- j) Special purpose funds, shall be maintained in the Troop's checking account or
savings account, as determined by the Troop Committee.
- k) Fundraising monies earmarked for an individual scout's use will be maintained by the Troop treasurer and will revert back to the Troop's general fund should the scout leave the Troop. The only exception is if the scout transfers to another Troop; the funds will be transferred to that Troop, upon written request to the Troop Treasurer to have the funds transferred.
- l) Junior Leader Training (JLT/Twin Arrow) may be funded at the rate of $100.00
for the week of training, as determined by the Troop Committee.
Revised Apr 2019 | Pg 17
- m) Fees for Scout Training that will enhance leadership in the development of the Scout may be paid by the Troop up to the cost of $15 per session, as determined by the Troop Committee.
- n) Based on a Scout's individual needs, special requests for financial aid can be
honored based on a Troop Committee motion and vote for approval.
- o) Signature card(s) for the Troop's accounts will be updated annually in September
by the Troop Treasurer.
Section 4.09 RULES & REGULATIONS
- a) A Scout will be considered 'active' in his unit if:
- The Scout is registered in his unit (registration fees are current)
- The Scout has not been dismissed from his unit for disciplinary reasons
- The Scout is engaged by his unit leadership on a regular basis (informed of unit
activities through Scoutmaster Conference, email or personal contact, etc.)
- The Scout is in communication with the unit leader on a quarterly basis
- b) The Troop may not modify the definition of "active"; this is a BSA national
- c) If the Scout does not initiate communication, the unit leader is to contact the Scout
and ask if the youth wishes to remain in Scouting. If the answer is negative, then the unit leader should no longer communicate with the Scout. If the answer is affirmative, the unit leader should provide the unit calendar. After six months of nonparticipation, the unit leader may cease to contact with the youth and drop the Scout from the unit at re-charter time.
- d) The Scout may return to the unit at any time while on the unit charter. Any time a Scout is dropped from a charter, the youth may re-apply to a unit for readmission; the acceptance of the application is at the discretion of the Troop Committee. The youth would be reinstated at the rank and level that can be documented by either the Scout or the Troop subsequent to confirmation by Laurel Highlands Council.
- e) Scouts are expected to attend Courts of Honor, Scout Sunday, and all Troop
required functions.
- f) Scouts that cannot attend a Troop function are expected to notify the Scoutmaster
or Committee Chairperson.
- g) Scouts are expected to set a good example for others by following the Scout Law
and Scout Oath.
- h) Scouts are required to be current on Troop financial obligations.
- i) Scouts not in good standing cannot advance in rank or participate in outings or
activities without approval from the Scoutmaster.
- j) Scouts attending meetings are required to stay in the meeting area unless
authorized by adult leadership to go elsewhere in the building.
- k) Scouts are expected to maintain a notebook for scouting related material (notes,
projects, merit badges etc.).
Revised Apr 2019 | Pg 18
- l) Issues/concerns regarding Troop matters may be addressed to the Scoutmaster, Assistant Scoutmaster(s), or any Troop Committee member and will be addressed in a timely manner. If the issue/concern is with the Scoutmaster or Committee Chairperson, the matter should be addressed to the Charter Organization Representative. For the protection of the person(s) involved, open discussion of the matter at hand should be refrained from until the matter has been addressed. At no time is it acceptable for Scouts to witness confrontations between adults or hear discussions about other Scouts, leaders or parents.
Section 4.10 CODE OF CONDUCT / BEHAVIOR
- a) Scouts are expected to exhibit appropriate behavior at all times. The Scout Oath
and Scout Law will serve as the Troop Code of Conduct at all times.
- b) Scouts and Adults shall exhibit behavior appropriate to the spirit and letter of the
Scout Oath, Law, and Motto.
- c) No Smoking, No Drugs, and No Alcohol are permitted at troop functions by either
Scouts or Adults.
- d) Troop policy at any meeting/activity will not tolerate hitting, bullying, pushing, degrading comments regarding another Troop member, or any other behavior unbecoming as a Scout. At no time will a Scout be physically or verbally abused by anyone.
- e) Discipline will be warranted for any Scout found to be:
- Using any form of Drugs, Alcohol or Tobacco
- Committing acts of physical violence, aggression, bullying, or excessive
- Using foul language
- Insubordinate to Scout and/or adult leadership
- Causing the willful destruction of Troop equipment 6. Causing the willful destruction of public or private property
- Leaving a Scouting activity area without permission
- Disruptive to the group
- Using unnecessary roughness during Scouting activities or games
- Willfully breaking the Troop Code of Conduct
Section 4.11 DISCIPLINE
- a) In the event a situation occurs that warrants a Scout to be disciplined, there will be
at least two adults present at all times.
- b) At no time will a Scout be verbally or physically abused by anyone.
Revised Apr 2019 | Pg 19
- c) Discipline will be administered in a series of progressive steps.
First Offense:
- The Scoutmaster, adult event leader (or another adult attending the event) and the Committee Chairman (or designee) will:
- Meet with the Scout immediately (or as soon as practical), to discuss and
verify the infraction.
- Upon verification, contact the parent(s)/guardian(s) of the Scout and
verbally make them aware of the infraction.
iii. Assign an appropriate consequence if one has not been assigned
- Ensure that the Scout and parent(s)/guardian(s) understand that further
misconduct will lead to further disciplinary action.
- The Scoutmaster and/or the Committee Chairman will document the incident,
detailing the infraction, pertinent dates, and a brief summary of the resolution.
- The incident documentation will be reviewed by the Troop Committee at the
next scheduled meeting and recorded as part of the meeting minutes.
Second Offense: 1. The Scoutmaster and the Committee Chairman (or designee) will:
- Meet with the Scout and at least one of the Scout's parent(s)/ guardian(s) immediately (or as soon as practical) to discuss and verify the infraction.
- Upon verification, the Scout and his parent(s)/guardian(s) are to be reminded of the expectations of the Boy Scouts of America, this Code of Conduct, and the Scout's desire to remain with Troop is to be verified.
iii. Reach an agreement with the Scout and his parent(s)/guardian(s), such that further misconduct on part of the Scout will lead to further disciplinary action, up to and including a request that the Scout leaves Troop.
- The Scoutmaster and/or the Committee Chairman will document the incident, detailing the infraction, pertinent dates, a brief summary of the resolution, and the acknowledgement that further misconduct will lead to potential dismissal from Troop. This document is to be signed and dated by all participants and duplicated before adjourning. The original document will be kept by the Troop, and the duplicate will be given to the Scout's parent(s)/guardian(s).
- The incident documentation will be reviewed by the Troop Committee at the
next scheduled monthly meeting and recorded as part of the meeting minutes.
Third Offense:
- The Scoutmaster and the Committee Chairman (or designee) will:
- Meet with the Scout and at least one of the Scout's parent(s)/ guardian(s) immediately (or as soon as practical) to discuss and verify the infraction.
- Upon verification, conduct a special Committee meeting to formally decide if the Scout will be requested to leave the Troop and return all Troop materials/equipment in his possession based on a majority vote of the Troop Committee at a meeting fully and openly advertised at least 7 days in advance and to which all Committee members have been invited.
revised Apr 2019\ pg 20
iii. Assist the Scout and his parent(s)/guardian(s) in locating another Troop if
- The Scoutmaster and/or the Committee Chairman will document the incident, detailing the infraction, pertinent dates, and a summary of the Committee's recommendation. This document is to be signed and dated by all participants and duplicated before adjourning. The original document will be kept by the Troop, and the duplicate will be given to the Scout's parent(s)/guardian(s).
- The incident documentation will be reviewed by the Troop Committee at the
next scheduled monthly meeting and recorded as part of the meeting minutes.
- d) If the incident is of such an egregious nature that another Scout, Adult, or the operation of the Troop is determined to be in jeopardy, the Committee can at its discretion, decide to handle the incident as prescribed under the Third Offense.
Troop 414 Technology Policy
At Troop 414 we strive to focus on interpersonal communication and an appreciation of the outdoors. However, we do recognize that the use of technology in the form of electronic devices (smartphones, iPods, iPads, tablets, laptops, cameras, radios, televisions, computers, gaming equipment, etc.) is a part of our world today and is integral in the Scouts' lives. For this reason, we have adopted the following technology policy that's realistic and effective.
We realize there are an incredible number of logical comparisons between a pocket knife and a cellphone. Such as:
▪ Both are tools.
▪ Both could be toys.
▪ Both can be used recklessly.
▪ Both can hurt people.
▪ Both can be highly useful.
▪ Both require training for proper use.
▪ Both can, at times, scare people.
▪ Neither is going away.
We don't ban knives, hand axes or gas lanterns, we teach their use. Similarly, we don't ban technology. We teach its use. Troop 414 has come up with the Technology Chit. Scouts can earn the Technology Chit by (1) reading, acknowledging and signing the following Technology Agreement that uses the familiar 12 points of the Scout Law and (2) by earning the BSA Cyberchip for internet safety by completing the requirements for
revised Apr 2019\ pg 21
the Scouts age/grade by going to the https://www.netsmartz.org/scouting website. After a Scout earns his Technology Chit, the Scout must "recharge" the BSA Cyberchip and sign the Technology Agreement every 12 months to remain active and keep his Technology Chit. If the Scout breaks any of the rules of the Technology Agreement and does not comply with the requirements to maintain his Technology Chit, that Scout will lose his Technology Chit and will no longer have permission to use electronics at any Troop 414 scouting event.
General Guidelines
- Use the technology to build relationships with the Troop, find useful information, communicate and share excitement about scouting.
- Updates to social sites using appropriate, (non-embarrassing), photos or clips can share and build excitement about scouting.
- Don't let technology detract from the outdoor experience, the Program experience, or the scouting experience for the Troop or patrol.
- Earn the Technology Chit and follow the following Technology Policy that follows the 12 points of the Scout Law.
▪ A Scout is truthful with others online and is careful of the information shared.
▪ He does the right thing when sharing and makes sure to have permission to share the words or pictures of others.
▪ A Scout uses his phone or device in a way that adds to his Troop or patrol.
▪ A loyal Scout is careful to post only appropriate photos or clips and would never want to embarrass others with his updates or communication.
▪ A loyal Scout would not use a phone to exclude some Scouts from the conversation, for example with secret messages.
▪ A Scout could use applications that can add to the outdoor experience, such as a star-map, first aid or GPS.
▪ A Scout should alert others to scams, cheats, and suspicious sites and point them to reliable sources of information. Encourage people to report bad online behavior.
▪ A Scout may use a phone to take appropriate photos of events or situations for the Troop or for personal memories.
Revised Apr 2019\pg 22
▪ A Scout could use his phone to assist someone else with information or access to communication.
▪ A Scout could use his phone to invite others to join scouting or to remind his fellow Scouts of important events and activities.
▪ Ringers and alert messages should be muted — beeps, rings, and recorded music take away from the outdoor and Scout experience.
▪ A device should not be a distraction. Scouts should pay attention to the Program and fellow Scouts. In a program or Troop situation, a Scout should avoid checking his phone for incoming messages or emails, unless messages related to the Program are expected. Consider using "airplane mode" and wait to check at designated free times.
▪ A courteous Scout does not interrupt a conversation with others to stop and check for inbound messages. The courteous Scout focuses his attention on his personal interactions, such as conversations in which he is engaged.
▪ A phone should not be used to insulate a Scout from the outdoors or others. For example, a Scout should not use headphones during a scouting activity. During a Scout outing a phone should not be used for entertainment such as playing solo electronic games, idle web surfing, shopping, etc.
▪ A phone should not be used to play music or videos — for himself or for others — at an outdoor experience. Phone music at a campsite or campfire will take away from the outdoor experience for others.
▪ Not everyone can afford a smartphone. A Scout needs to be sensitive to others and avoid using his phone in a way that looks like boasting and makes other Scouts disappointed that they cannot afford such a device. This is no different from any other piece of gear.
▪ A Scout always treats people with respect while on social networks, playing games, talking, texting or in other digital activities.
▪ When using digital devices, a Scout follows the rules and examples set by parents, guardians, teachers, and Scout leaders.
▪ A Scout abides by the rules on websites, services, devices and games.
▪ A Scout is aware that different settings, events or locations will have different rules for use of electronics.
▪ A Scout uses games, messaging tools and social forums to build relationships with others while having fun.
Revised Apr 2019\pg 23
▪ A Scout recognizes that his phone may run out of power and learns to take measures to conserve power in his device such as by turning it off when not in use or by switching to "airplane mode" to conserve his battery.
▪ A Scout should not become overly reliant on his device. For example, a Scout should be ready with his map and compass rather than rely on his smartphone GPS.
▪ A Scout is a smart consumer. He knows his voice, text, and data plans and uses them wisely, careful not to run up charges on apps and sites.
▪ The Scout should not normally be calling home or sending text messages back and forth with home. If the Scout thinks there is an urgent need to contact home, he should consult an adult leader first.
▪ Parents need to understand and agree that they are normally not to send messages or call their Scout while he is out with the Program. Communication from home should be routed through an adult leader.
▪ Stand up for what is right. Do not participate in mocking or bullying others, even if others are doing it. Report suspected abuse to a trusted adult, like a parent or leader
▪ A Scout uses clean language and only discusses appropriate topics when using digital devices to communicate with others.
▪ A Scout needs to take responsibility and take care of his device against damage from dirt, drops, water or other hazards. He may want to keep it carefully packed away against damage. He keeps his gear in good, working order.
▪ A Scout respects the feelings of other people and would never use digital devices to spread irreverent ideas.
- In consideration of the technology policy requirements we have read and understand the policies/guidelines for electronic use at Troop events.
- Electronic devices brought to a Scouting event is at the Scout's risk and Troop 414 or any of its adult leaders are not responsible for the electronic device or it's safe return from a trip. Only you or your child assume said responsibility.
- If an electronic device is seen in a latrine or shower area, it will be confiscated immediately, held by the Scoutmaster or other designated adult leader and will not be
Revised Apr 2019\pg 24
returned until the Troop returns from the trip and a meeting takes place between the Committee Chair, Scoutmaster, youth in question and his parents.
- My Scout and I understand that if an inappropriate/serious misuse of the technology policy occurs, that an electronic device will be confiscated, and local authorities and Laurel Highlands Council will be notified.
Troop 414 Technology Policy
Sign Off
Scout Signature:______________________________________ Date:______________
Scout Name Printed:___________________________________
Parent Signature:_____________________________________ Date:______________
Parent Name Printed :__________________________________
Troop 414 Bylaws
Sign-off Sheet
Scouts along with their Parent/Guardian are annually required to acknowledge, that they have received a copy of Troop 414 Bylaws, and that they agree to abide by the Troop 414 Bylaws in addition to all rules, regulations, policies and procedures issued by the Boy Scouts of America.
Every Scout must return a signed acknowledgement form to the Bylaws Chairperson, in order to participate in Troop events.
Please acknowledge your receipt of the Bylaws and your agreement to abide by the Bylaws and all BSA rules, regulations, policies and procedures by signing in the spaces provided below and returning this page to the Bylaws Chairperson.
The Troop's Bylaws do not contain or detail every Troop 414 and BSA policy and procedure. The Troop Committee reserves the right to interpret, change and make exceptions to the Bylaws, Troop policies and Troop procedures at any time. The Troop Bylaws and this acknowledgement form can be found on the Troop's website. Complete BSA rules, regulations, policies and procedures can be found in numerous BSA publications, including the Scout Handbook.
We have received a copy of the Troop 414 Bylaws and agree to adhere and abide by its content and all BSA rules, regulations, policies and procedures.
Scout's Name: (print)_______________________________________________________
Scout's Signature: _________________________________________________ Date ________
Parent/Guardian's Name: (print) ______________________________________________
Parent/Guardian's Signature: ____________________________________ Date ________


text:
If you're tempted to create your own Great British Bake off style kitchen, we've got the perfect excuse, as Nationwide estimates that a new kitchen could increase the value of your home by 6%.
Feeling inspired? Why not settle down with a slice of Victoria sponge, as we show you how to give your kitchen that vintage vibe.
Wooden workstations
A workstation topped with beech will give your kitchen a warm welcoming feel and add a touch of country chic. Wood is also hardwearing, making it the perfect surface for preparing food.
To recreate the Bake Off's 1950s charm and accentuate the colour of the wood, simply combine your beech top with solid oak cabinets painted pastel blue. Add a vintage cake stand with a selection of homemade cakes and we guarantee that your guests will be impressed!
Standalone shelving
To provide storage and give your kitchen that retro style, we recommend investing in some stand-alone shelving. You can then have fun filling it with mismatched vintage crockery, colourful teapots and jugs. If you don't have any vintage crockery at home, you're bound to find some at your local charity shop or market.
Shelves are also ideal for storing mason jars packed with tasty ingredients. Make sure you label each jar to avoid any cake calamities and look out for jars with coloured lids that will complement your kitchen's pastel palette.
Show-stopping appliances
Choosing pale blue, cream or pink appliances for your kitchen will add to its 1950s feel, so why not treat yourself to a fridge freezer that combines soft vintage curves with A++ efficiency? When it comes to buying a new oven, look out for features like a proving drawer, an induction hob and the Bake Off's famous slide and hide drawer.
Whether it's for whisking batter or whipping cream, no Bake Off inspired kitchen would be complete without an iconic retro style mixer, complete with wire whisk, dough hook and flat beater.
Pretty patterns
Floral prints and polka dots feature throughout the iconic Bake Off tent, so feel free to fill your new kitchen with pretty cushions, tablecloths, tea towels, and cake tins. To add extra colour, why not fill a few vases with country garden blooms like roses or delphiniums?
Finally, it's time to bring out the bunting! Whether you buy it or make your own, this quintessentially English decoration will add give your finished kitchen that cheerful, summer fete feel.
Has your kitchen been inspired by the Great British Bake Off? We'd love to hear your stories, so share them below!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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PA & Lighting Rental
Whether you're looking to spice up your block party or playing your 100th gig, Sims Music has the PA and lighting to meet your needs. We'll help you determine the right gear for the occasion, and provide your rental at some of the best prices in town.
PA Rentals
We offer a wide selection of powered and passive sound equipment from brands such as Yamaha and Mackie, perfect for anything from small acoustic shows to outdoor community events. We will gladly give you a tutorial on how to run the equipment, as requested, and try to be available for questions throughout your event.
Light Rentals
We have a wide selection of rental lights from Chauvet Lighting, perfect for a DJ gig, wedding, or your band's next show.
Call or come by for more information.


text:
Students rocked the vote all day long today choosing from among ten titles. The ballot box had to be opened several times and emptied in order to make room for more votes. The library staff will be working very hard tomorrow counting votes and will hopefully be able to tell you all which six titles have won.
See more voting pictures on our Facebook page!


text:
The Most Beautiful Colors... I Agree WholeHeartedly! <3 Selah
Thanks so much Selah! You are always so kind!! xxoo
Hello...nice to see your first layers....I am doing the class too - and just enjoying it so much.
If it is easier to comment on facebook! go ahead! ♥´¨)¸.•´¸.•*´¨) ¸.•*´¨)(¸.•´ (¸.•´♥


text:
Published on March 12, 2008
Author: nbrier
Source: slideshare.net
~â~=elt=al=lkifkb= _o^kap=dolt=pl=_fd= tfqelrq=j^ohbqfkd
_o^ka=îë=rqfifqv When I first started thinking about this topic I had no idea where to go. So finally I started to try to define out the terms ...
_o^ka=îë=rqfifqv qÜÉ=ëìã=çÑ=~ää=é~êíë=áå= ~=ÅçåëìãÉêÛë=ãáåÇK A brand, if you ask me, is the sum of all parts in a consumer's mind. It's the total of everything they think/feel about your company, products, experience and everything else.
_o^ka=îë=rqfifqv Utility, on the other hand . . .
_o^ka=îë=rqfifqv ^=ãÉ~ëìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáîÉ= ë~íáëÑ~Åíáçå=Ñêçã= Åçåëìãéíáçå=çÑ=ÖççÇëK Is a measure of the relative satisfaction from consumption of goods.
rqfifqv p^qfpc^`qflk rqfifqv In other words, utility is an emotion, not a hard measure. As satisfaction goes up, so does utility.
p^qfpc^`qflk cìäÑáääãÉåí=çÑ=çåÉDë= ÉñéÉÅí~íáçåë=çê=åÉÉÇëK And what is satisfaction? Well, it turns out it's just the fulfillment of one's expectations or needs. (Both of which we'll be coming back to.)
bumb`q^qflkp p^qfpc^`qflk rqfifqv So going with a bit of 7th grade math, the transitive property tells us that if expectations decide satisfaction and satisfaction decides utility, then to understand how to maximize utility we need to better understand expectations.
bumb`q^qflkp= ^ob=pr_gb`qfsb Expectations are subjective: If I expect a lot out of it and you expect a little out of it our utility can be different.
bumb`q= mbocloj^k`b For instance, some people expect performance out of Nike.
bumb`q c^peflk While others expect fashion.
tebob=al= bumb`q^qflkp= `ljb=colj So the question, then, is where those expectations come from?
`ljjrkf`^qflkp `ljmbqfqflk `lkprjbo `riqrob Really they can come from anywhere: Competition, culture, the consumer themselves or your own communication (to name a few places).
prj=lc= bumb`q^qflkp= Z= _o^ka And what are those expectations? Those, my friends, are your brand.
_o^ka=îë=rqfifqv qÜÉ=ëìã=çÑ=~ää=é~êíë=áå= ~=ÅçåëìãÉêÛë=ãáåÇK u So, it's clear that the question can't possibly be brand vs. utility, since they're interdependent. ^=ãÉ~ëìêÉ=çÑ=íÜÉ=êÉä~íáîÉ= ë~íáëÑ~Åíáçå=Ñêçã= Åçåëìãéíáçå=çÑ=ÖççÇëK
_o^ka=îë=rqfifqv crk`qflk qÜÉ=ëìã=çÑ=~ää=é~êíë=áå= mê~ÅíáÅ~ä=ìëÉ=çê=éìêéçëÉ= ~=ÅçåëìãÉêÛë=ãáåÇK áå=ÇÉëáÖåK If that's not the question, then what is it? Well, I think first we need to change the word utility, to function (still not a perfect word, but it gets us closer).
tef`e=fp=jlob= fjmloq^kq lkifkb So the question is: Online is it more important to set expectations (brand) or deliver results (function) is more or less the question I believe.
ilt= fkqbo^`qflk= `lpqp To answer that we need to look at the differences between online and offline. Let's start with interaction costs: Online they're basically 0. All it takes is a click to try something new.
efde= fkqbo^`qflk= `lpqp Offline they're much higher, to try something I actually have to buy it (or at least sample it, which is why so many brands are so into sampling/experiential stuff -- it lowers interaction costs).
`ob^qb=kbba The role of a brand and communications in an offline space is to set the expectations/needs so that people overcome the interaction cost barrier and actually purchase.
mobqbka=fqÛp=NVVU= ^ka=vlrÛsb=kbsbo= pbbk=qeb=tb_ Interlude
bumb`q^qflkp As I said, though, online is a lot different: There is no barrier. So the role of brand becomes expectation setter. When you look at craigslist, what kind of expectations do you have? (Probably not much by the look of things.)
bumb`q^qflkp In the same vein, there's Google.
bumb`q^qflkp fjmobppba ^asl`^`v p^qfpcfba afp^mmlfkqba Now of course we all know both those brands well at this point, so it's not entirely fair. However, neither of them look like much and therefore, I would argue, initially it created much lower expectations in people: Expectations which they overcame by leaps and bounds thanks to amazing functionality. Those exceeded expectations lead to extreme advocacy.
rkjbq= bumb`q^qflkp Think about this for one minute, in the past you had to set expectations high to get people to purchase. It was hard to exceed those expectations. Online that's different.
qeb=dlldib=jvqe So let's step back again from this for a minute and talk a bit about why this whole conversation is even happening. Essentially I think it all stems from Google and what I'll call the Google myth.
qeb=dlldib=jvqe dçÉë=ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=äáâÉI="dççÖäÉ=Ü~ë=ÖçííÉå=~ë= Ñ~ê=~ë=íÜÉó=Ü~îÉ=Ä~ëÉÇ=ÉåíáêÉäó=çå=íÜÉ=èì~äáíó= çÑ=íÜÉáê=éêçÇìÅíKÒ The Google myth goes something like quot;Google has gotten as far as they have based entirely on the quality of their product.quot;
lo qÜ~í=dççÖäÉ=ïçêêáÉë=çåäó=~Äçìí=áíë=ÑìåÅíáçå= ~åÇ=åçí=~Äçìí=áíë=Äê~åÇK Or it goes quot;Google worries only about it's function not about it's brand.
lo qÜ~í=dççÖäÉ=ÇçÉë=åç=ã~êâÉíáåÖK Or that Google does no marketing.
people in Silicon Valley. qeb=dlldib=jvqe dçÉë=ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=äáâÉI="dççÖäÉ=Ü~ë=ÖçííÉå=~ë= dçÉë=ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=äáâÉI="dççÖäÉ=Ü~ë=ÖçííÉå=~ë= dçÉë=ëçãÉíÜáåÖ=äáâÉI="dççÖäÉ=Ü~ë=ÖçííÉå=~ë= Ñ~ê=~ë=íÜÉó=Ü~îÉ=Ä~ëÉÇ=ÉåíáêÉäó=çå=íÜÉ=ìíáäáíó=çÑ= íÜÉáê=éêçÇìÅíKÒ u Now let's talk about why these are all wrong. First, nothing happens in a vacuum. Larry & Sergey were two Stanford grad students (Stanford being the center of Silicon Valley) during the internet boom and knew some pretty powerful
Anyone know who these two guys are?
_b`eqlipebfj a^sfa ^kav cfil On the left is David Filo, Founder of Yahoo!, one of the first people they talked to about Google. And on the right is Andy Bechtolsheim, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems, who was also Google's first investor. quot;We met him very early one morning on the porch of a Stanford faculty member's home in Palo Alto. We gave him a quick demo. He had to run off somewhere, so he said, 'Instead of us discussing all the details, why don't I just write you a check?' It was made out to Google Inc. and was for $100,000.quot;
tloa=lc=jlrqe Who is to say that Google would be where it is today without people like this to help spread the word? The Google founders, Larry and Sergey, were in the middle of Silicon Valley, which was the middle of the internet world during the middle of the boom.
lo qÜ~í=dççÖäÉ=ïçêêáÉë=çåäó=~Äçìí=áíÛë=ÑìåÅíáçå= ~åÇ=åçí=~Äçìí=áíÛë=Äê~åÇK u Now onto the second myth, that Google only worries about it's function. This is ridiculous. The beauty of Google is that functionality and form are aligned. The decision to not bog down the homepage with additional messages is a form decision.
lo qÜ~í=dççÖäÉ=ÇçÉë=åç=ã~êâÉíáåÖK u Last, quot;Google does no marketingquot; is just untrue. Can we agree that advertising is a form of marketing?
Well this is a billboard they did in Seattle (with the help of an advertising agency).
u=NMM And they have 100 official blogs from all around the world, clearly that's a form of marketing (really it's a combination of a bunch of different disciplines: CRM, media outreach, branding, etc.).
SQNIMMM What's more, the biggest of the blogs, The Official Google Blog, has 641 thousand subscribers.
NN NO NP NQ Think about that. That would put Google at number 14 on the largest circulating newspapers in America. Right behind The Post, Detroit Free Press and Dallas Morning news and ahead of the Minneapolis Star Tribune and the Boston Globe. This actually brings me to another point, though in a slightly roundabout way: Think about this for a minute. Google is competing with some of the biggest newspapers in the world for attention. Now clearly circulation numbers are for the print publication, but this is still fairly monumental: It's a non-media company with the reach only media companies dreamed of in the past.
ibpp=qe^k=qebv= pmbka=lk=pk^`hp What's so interesting about this to me is that Google, or any other hybrid media-owner/creator is competing in the space with no care for the business model. Think about it: All those newspapers have a few things in common, the biggest being they can't exist if no one's buying ads. Google, on the other hand, can and does, create content and compete in the space with no ads: All 100 blogs are just a minor marketing expense. Probably costs them less than snacks.
I'm sure some of you have heard of BabyCenter.
_~ÄóKÅçã _~Äó`ÉåíÉêKÅçã m~êÉåíëKÅçã ^ãÉêáÅ~å_~ÄóKÅçã RIMMMIMMM PITRMIMMM OIRMMIMMM NIORMIMMM M g~å=N=OMMT j~ê=N=OMMT j~ó=N=OMMT gìä=N=OMMT pÉé=N=OMMT kçî=N=OMMT g~å=N=OMMU pçìêÅÉW=`çãéÉíÉKÅçã BabyCenter is the biggest baby site on the web by far, and you know who owns it?
Johnson & Johnson: The largest manufacturer of baby products.
What fascinates me about this relationship is that while the site is still quite successful on it's own, clearly it doesn't live and die by it's advertising. BabyCenter doesn't really need to care about the business model of online media properties because ultimately it's serving another master. Even if the advertising economy crashes, BabyCenter will likely still happily skip along, paid for by the people at J&J who want to see people continue to take the best care of their babies as humanly possible (which of course means buying lots of stuff).
`o^wv=drv fk=qeb=ollj= pvkaoljb For lack of a better name I've been calling this crazy guy in the room syndrome. Media companies, long used to only competing against each other, now have to compete with companies like Johnson & Johnson who have a completely different goal. They don't care about the old business model, they just care about selling more shampoo and diapers. You guys are all fighting the crazy guy, and that's always dangerous because he's got nothing to lose. J&J bought BabyCenter in 2001 for $10 million dollars. In the first half of last year they spent $726 million on advertising (or roughly 72 times the amount they bought the site for).
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m^v=clo=^qqbkqflk What does all this mean? Well, I think it's a few things. Right now most brands aren't very going at getting attention online. The only way they really know how to do it is to buy it.
^asboqfpfkd=Z= jbaf^ But that's might change. For the most part, brands still think of their websites as an advertisement, as paid for media. But that it is beginning to change. Brands are beginning to think of themselves as media owners, which is actually what they always have been (when they purchase an ad placement they were media owners, competing with the page before it and the page after it, they just never thought of themselves that way). But being a media owner is very valuable (as you guys all know): Engaged audience = dollars. (These images come from a fabulous New Yorker issue that Target bought out entirely and then worked with New Yorker artists to design ads that incorporate their distinct target. This is the only issue of the New Yorker I've ever kept.)
_o^ka=_rfiq= jbaf^=molmboqv Now as more and more brands come to this conclusion they are seeking to build properties that are more than just interstitial advertisements, but instead are destination media properties. Most haven't figured this out yet, but some smart ones, like J&J have cracked the code. And they're going to be playing by different rules than you are. (I realize MLB is a monopoly as well as a brand, but I still think they've done a damn good job.)
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Brand vs. Utility. I've been meaning to upload this presentation I gave a few weeks ago for a while now and just finally got around to it. I've also ...
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A guide about the brand utility. new, 2014 version! ... Great overview of brand ... I have been pushing for service vs advertising in france for 3 year ...
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So the brand is the result of branding (cause vs. effect). In some comments above people refer to branding as an internal strategy-firmulating activity, ...
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Bram De Maesschalck left an interesting comment the other day when we were discussing Branded Utility. He suggested a difference between brand utility and ...
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Private Label vs. Brands: Can't We All Just Get Along? By Todd Hale, SVP, Consumer & Shopper Insights. ... private brand growth has been fairly flat.
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Shop By Brand - MyPoints: Your Daily Rewards Program
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Sign in to J Brand Create a J Brand account ... Utility. Twill. French Terry. Raw. J Brand Black. Pima Cotton Denim. Denim Destructed. Categories Shop All.
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Key Question in User Experience Design – Usability vs Desirability . ... Utility; Usability; Desirability; Brand Experience; ... Usability vs Desirability.
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There is a lot to consider . . . . . . when choosing a trailer -- especially a utility trailer. There are many choices and options available.
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Our work focuses on brand management, including competitive positioning, and the impact that marketing mix and resource allocation have on sales and profits.
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VW goes greener with electric Beetle, Jetta Hybrid
Tim Hornyak/CNET)
DETROIT–If you're a Bug fan, chances are you might dig an electric version.
Volkswagen has been showing off its zero-emission E-Bugster concept at the 2012 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, as well as a Jetta Hybrid.
The storied Beetle, which recently had an update for the third generation since its launch in 1949, gets a Blue-e-motion drive unit with a 114-horsepower (85 kW) electric motor and 110 miles of range with its lithium-ion battery.
It does 0-60 mph in a laid-back 10.9 seconds.
Volkswagen's E-Bugster concept, Jetta Hybrid (photos)
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February 1 – 29, 2020: Sweet February Getaway
Date and Time
Wednesday Feb 19, 2020
12:00 AM - 11:59 PM ESTFebruary 1 – 29, 2020: Sweet February...
Toast with champagne or sip cocoa by a cozy fire. Dine at your choice of restaurants for a relaxing, delicious meal. Enjoy a couples massage or try the newest facials at our spa. Take a short stroll to Chatham's Main Street for shopping in specialty shops and boutiques, browse through one of the bookstores or treat yourself to some homemade candy. Or bundle up for a romantic walk on our windswept private beach. Make your Valentine smile this year and remember, this special offer is available for the entire month of February.
Package includes:
• 2 nights' accommodations
• $100 resort credit for use with dining, spa or merchandise
• Bottle of champagne delivered to your room
• Chocolate covered strawberries delivered to your room
*Based on availability.


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The Lisbon Lion known as 'the big shot', Tommy Gemmell was finally laid to rest at Daldowie Crematorium in Lanarkshire this lunchtime.
Tributes from all over the world of football have been pouring in since 73 year-old Tommy passed away last week following a long term illness.
Tommy will always be remembered as the man who scored two goals in two separate European Cup Finals, a feat as a full back he shares with only other player. He pulled on the famous green and white no fewer than 418 times, scoring an amazing 63 goals, 31 times from the penalty spot.
His big personality along with his 'big shot' reputation meant that Tommy was always going to be a large than life kind of guy. Today, his family , friends, former team mates and fans who supported him, all paid tribute to one of Celtic's greatest ever players.
Here's what Tommy thought of Celtic, the fans and playing for the club…
- "What will remain consistent, though, is the Celtic support and with those guys behind you anything is possible."
- "I really missed being a Celtic player. That meant more than money."
- "I can look back to Lisbon in '67 and remember everything like it was yesterday."
- "The Celtic supporters were out of this world. I've still to find supporters to better them."
We'll all miss Tommy Gemmell. May he rest in peace.


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Roadside Assistance
By Bill Simms on Saturday, October 23rd, 2010 | No Comments
RoadSide Assistance*
The Problem:
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Join ID SecureNet Plus today or click on a button below for more details.
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Government | TechnologyOne – Security. TechnologyOne has been recommended for the Federal Government's iRAP certification by an independent iRAP accredited assessor. TechnologyOne continues to deeply invest to protect its enterprise SaaS solution to the highest security standards possible.
Companies – Siris Capital – December 10, 2018: travelport worldwide limited announces agreement to be acquired by affiliates of Siris Capital Group, LLC and Evergreen Coast Capital Corp. in all-cash transaction valued at approximately $4.4 billion
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Greenfields Petroleum Corporation Announces First Quarter 2019 Financial and Operating Results and Extension of Senior Secured Debt Payments – (1) sales volumes represent the Company's share of entitlement production marketed. of optimization and efficiency improvement projects, the availability of capital, current legislation and.
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When an affair happens, it can be difficult to sort out what to do next in your relationship. Both the partner who had the affair and the partner who didn't can get lost in confusing cultural messages, advice from friends, and strong rolling emotions. It is a difficult time for both parties, but not an impossible one.
I know it is really hard for both of you, but you will get through this heartache and you can get through it together.
I work with couples every week who are working through the aftermath of an affair, and I have found the stages in After the Affair by Dr Janis Abrahms Spring really help couples move through the process of coming together in this difficult time. I would love to read your comments about the book if you have read it.
I have added some suggestions of my own, but do recommend the book as a guide in addition to working with a relationship specialist (coach or counselor) for a bit as your decide how you want to move forward.
Stage 1: Emotion Overload
It is common in the weeks (and sometimes months) after an affair is uncovered for both partners to be caught up in a tidal wave of emotions. It is not unusual for both of you to feel anger, sadness, fear, shock and a whole range of other emotions during this time. Conflicting choices, new questions, and loss may visit unexpectedly. It can seem pretty overwhelming.
Taking time to notice, experience, and name the feelings you are going through can be very helpful in the healing process. You are not alone in the sometimes extreme feelings you are experiencing. I recommend working with an individual counselor if not a couples counselor to help get clear and to have someone other than your partner or the person you had an affair with to share this experience.
It is also important to find a friend who you can talk to about your experience. Choose a friend who respects you and your partner and who will help you take the high road instead of someone who will fuel your hurt. It is important you don't go through this alone and both of you have community support.
Stage 2: Do I Stay or Do I Go?
Both of you may be unsure if you want to stay or leave, and you may have received mixed messages from your friends and families. Unfortunately even in this confusing and overwhelming time, no one can choose for you. Take time to explore the following questions individually to help clarify what you want:
1. What commitment expectations do you have for your partner? How can you communicate those clearly?
2. What draws you to your partner, how are they unique, how is your relationship special?
3. What could have been improved before the affair?
4. What history do you have rebuilding trust with partners, friends, and family?
5. Are you willing to change the ways you interact with your partner?
I recommend working through these questions individually to become clear on your own: is this relationship a good fit for you right now? Again, working with a professional can help in difficult and confusing times.
Stage 3: Rebuilding
If you two do decide to stay together and recommit you are committing not only to each other, but to a trust building process that will take weeks, month (maybe years). I recommend focusing on the following to help guide your relationship recovery (in no particular order):
1. Say goodbye to the person you had an affair with. Reassure the partner who didn't have the affair it is no longer occurring.
2. Take action to increase open communication in your relationship. Share your pain and be open to hearing your partner's pain. Talk through differences of opinion, and dis-satisfactions so you can stay connected.
3. Take specific steps to earn back trust and stay committed to the process.
4. Develop a new shared vision of your future and create new ways to connect going forward.
5. Forgive your partner and yourself.
Let me say it again: I know it is really hard for both of you, but you will get through this heartache and you can get through it together. I am happy to talk with you about options, help you find a counselor or therapist near you, or set up an appointment to help you and your partner reconnect after an affair.
You can be even stronger together. Let me help you.
YourTango may earn an affiliate commission if you buy something through links featured in this article.


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Just One of the Guys is celebrating its 35th anniversary with a special 2K Blu-ray remaster release. The teen comedy is an 80s classic, which is loosely based on William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. While it received mixed reviews from critics upon its release, the movie has since become a cult classic. The project was directed by Lisa Gottlieb and co-written by Dennis Feldman and Jeff Franklin, though according to Gottlieb, she also co-wrote the screenplay with Mitch Giannunzio, but he was denied writing credit by the studio. The Blu-ray edition will be available to purchase on April 28th.
Just One of the Guys centers on Terri (Joyce Hyser), who blames sexism when her journalism teacher refuses to enter her article in a competition to win a summer internship at the local newspaper. With the help of her kid brother, Buddy (Billy Jacoby), she masquerades as a guy at a rival school and enters the contest there. During her charade, "Terry the Boy" tangles with a vicious bully, Greg (William Zabka), and fends off an amorous classmate, Sandy (Sherilyn Fenn). But when she falls for a handsome loner, Rick (Clayton Rohner), our hero/heroine must find a way to convince him that she's not Just One of the Guys.
The special Blu-ray release contains audio commentary featuring Lisa Gottlieb, Arye Gross, Joyce Hyser, Clayton Rohner, Toni Hudson, and John Apicella. While Just One of the Guys is a teen comedy, it ended up having a deeper meaning for a lot of viewers, says Gottlieb. "I would say the most interesting and surprising thing I learned about Just One of the Guys is the huge influence it had on young gay and transgender women," says the director. She took part in a live Q&A session that lasted quite a long time due to women sharing with the director. "For hours, women posted their stories and I was genuinely moved," says Gottlieb.
When it came down to figure out the casting, The Karate Kid's Ralph Macchio was a big inspiration. "We based Terry the guy on Ralph Macchio," says Gottlieb. When Just One of the Guys was in production, Macchio was a big star as his teen action movie continued to get bigger. This is reflected in the comedy when Sherilyn Fenn's character says, "Dresses like Elvis Costello, looks like the Karate Kid… I'm gonna get him."
Just One of the Guys could end up with a sequel at some point down the line. In 2014 Lisa Gottlieb said that she and Joyce Hyser had gotten together. "She pitched me a hilarious idea for a sequel," says Gottlieb. "So far we haven't sold it, but we also haven't tried that hard. We need a producer. But we would love to do it. It's a hoot!" While it's been six years since those comments, the new Blu-ray could get people talking about the movie all over again. The Blu-ray release information comes to us from Sony Pictures.


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Tutor profile: Jonathan P.
Subject: Pre-Algebra
Convert the fraction 1/4 into a decimal.
To convert a fraction to a decimal, divide the numerator by the denominator. 1/4 = 1 divided by 4 = 0.25
Subject: Basic Chemistry
Describe an acid-base reaction in relation to inorganic compounds, such as the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
When mixed together, an acid and a base will react to neutralize charges to their lowest state. The H+ cation of HCl will combine with the OH- anion to form water. The result of this reaction is called a salt. In this case, the salt is NaCl, commonly known as table salt. The salt is formed along with water.
Subject: Anatomy
You are a yoga instructor leading your first class. You want to share some knowledge about breathing to the group. How would you describe the process of normal passive expiration to your student? Be sure to include the actions of the muscles involved, the volume of the lungs, the pressure of gases inside the lungs and gas flow.
Inspiratory muscles relax and the associated elastic tissue contracts. The volume of the thorax and the lungs decrease, forcing gas molecules into a smaller space and thus increasing gas pressure such that it is higher than atmospheric pressure. Gas then flows out of the lungs because the pressure is lower in the atmosphere.
Contact tutor
needs and Jonathan will reply soon.


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warehouse assocaite
Position overview:
We are looking for a driven, capable Warehouse Associate to support our company's warehouse operations.
You will receive, input, sort, load and unload products and you will perform various warehouse activities.
If you are looking for a fast paced environment with lots of opportunity for personal and career growth then this is the ideal place for you!
Essential Functions:
- Process, package and ship orders accurately
- Organize stocks and maintain inventory
- Inspect products for defects and damages
- Examine ingoing and outgoing shipments
- Organize warehouse space
- Receive, unload and place incoming inventory items appropriately
- Check, verify and fill customer invoices
- Abide by all company safety and hygiene regulations
- Contribute ideas on ways to improve or optimize warehousing procedures
- Keep warehouse clean and organised daily
Key Competencies:
The ideal candidate must have the following competencies
- Results driven.
- Embrace change.
- Collaboration and Influence.
- Entrepreneurial spirit.
- Customer value and Market focus.
Skills and Qualifications:
- Proven warehouse experience
- Ability to operate forklift, hand truck, pallet jack and other warehouse equipment
- Adequate knowledge of warehouse data system
- Team player with organisational skills
- Ability to lift or move heavy products
- Excellent oral and written communication skills.
- Proficient with PC.
To Staffing and Recruiting Agencies:
Optimas does not accept unsolicited CVs or applications from agencies. Optimas is not responsible for any fees related to unsolicited CVs or applications and explicitly reserve its right to contact candidates presented in such unsolicited CV or application.
Optimas OE Solutions provides equal employment opportunities (EEO) to all employees and applicants for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability or genetics. In addition to federal law requirements, Optimas OE Solutions complies with applicable state and local laws governing nondiscrimination in employment in every location in which the company has facilities. This policy applies to all terms and conditions of employment, including recruiting, hiring, placement, promotion, termination, layoff, recall, transfer, leaves of absence, compensation and training.


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About UsAbout Us
The Company's core values provide a solid foundation to grow the business. The first step in creating a customer-centric culture is instilling such values in the Company's vision and mission statement. The next step is to engage and empower employees to take it to the next level, which is to please customers beyond expectation. Here at Kollect we understand we cannot guarantee a good customer experience every time with so many third-party providers involved, so Kollect embraces the 'comeback'. When a mistake is made, the Company holds up its hand and acknowledges it. It is how it responds that counts and the Company goes over and above expectations to ensure that the customer is always informed as to how it is going to rectify things as fast as possible. For Kollect, it's all about the communication.
The Founders
John O'Connor
Robbie Skuse
John Hegarty
Award Winning Company
Kollect was winner of the TechStars Start-up Weekend, where the founders validated their concept of disrupting the entire waste industry when pitching their idea
Kollect won the National Start-Up Award as the Most Innovative Start-up (the National Start-Up Awards are the official partner of the Start-Up Europe Awards); having developed their business plan and become investor-ready, Kollect won a regional award in Intertrade Ireland's Seedcorn competition;
in 2017, Kollect was selected for Enterprise Competitive Start Fund' the purpose of which is to accelerate the growth of start-up companies that have the capacity to succeed in global markets by funding them to reach key technical and commercial milestones; in late 2017, Kollect was accepted into to the Sustainable National – Climate Kic Accelerator progressing through all 3 Phases of Climate KIC. (EIT Climate-KIC is a European knowledge and innovation community working towards a prosperous, inclusive, climate-resilient society founded on a circular, zero-carbon economy);
in 2018, Kollect was a national finalist in Google Adopts a Start-Up (a mentoring programme with a mission to accelerate the growth of high-potential start-ups).
About Us
Our story here at Kollect is we do things differently and while we have made great strides our journey is just beginning. Kollect is quite literally an innovative startup for on-demand Bin Collection, Skip Hire and Junk Removal. We now oversee 1000's of bookings each month, making us one of the most trusted companies in the industry Our goal here in Kollect is to provide you with an excellent customer experience.


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Vice President for Global Initiatives and Development
College of Management Academic Studies
Professor Dafna Kariv is the vice president for global initiatives and development, and the Chair of NOVUS (Center of Entrepreneurship) at the College of Management Academic Studies (COMAS), Rishon Lezion, Israel. She is also in charge of the thesis program at her School and has initiated a joint international MBA program in Entrepreneurship, which she will head.
Professor Kariv is Affiliate Professor at HEC, Montreal, Canada.
She is the author of three academic books "Entrepreneurship: An International Introduction", Routledge, UK, "Female entrepreneurship and the new venture creation", Routledge, NY, and "Creating the Social Venture" (co-authored with Prof. Coleman), Routledge, NY. Her forthcoming book on Education and Entrepreneurship is co-authored with Prof. Alain Fayolle and Prof. Harry Matlay. Her research focuses on international entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial performance, entrepreneurial education, and gender.
She is a recipient of several prized funds including the European Commission funds; and consultant of the Ministry of Education for entrepreneurship programs.


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One in eight young people say they have never seen a cow.
The shocking statistic was revealed by a survey about farming and the countryside.
The research, carried out by the Prince's Countryside Fund, also found that 40% of 18 to 24-year-olds don't know when common fruit and vegetables are in season.
In addition, most of those surveyed believe farmers earn twice as much as they do in reality.
The survey showed that 12% of young people have seen a cow on television, but never met one in person.
MORE: Free movement of EU citizens to Britain will end in 2019
MORE: One in five MPs employ a family member with taxpayers' money despite ban
Almost one in five (18%) said they haven't been in the countryside, having never left the city they live in.
More than half of those surveyed (54%) said they did not know strawberries were a summer fruit, and nine out of ten didn't know that turnips grow best in the winter.
Half of the young people said it is more than a year since they climbed a tree.
Overall, 42% said their knowledge of the countryside is poor, while only two in ten believe they know it well.
Chairman of the Prince's Countryside Fund, Lord Curry of Kirkharle, said: 'As a nation we have always prided ourselves on our beautiful and diverse countryside.
'But this research shows many of the younger population are losing touch with what the countryside has to offer and are unaware of how their food is produced.'
Former JLS singer JB Gill, 30, is trying to encourage young people from cities to get into the countryside.
'It would be fantastic if younger people could take a day out to the countryside to visit a farm,' he said.
'By doing so, they can experience the work that goes into supplying essential food items such as milk, eggs and vegetables – which can easily be taken for granted.
'Becoming a farmer and learning more about the countryside has been a wonderful experience for me and my family.'
About 2,000 people were surveyed by the Prince's Countryside Fund ahead of National Countryside Week.
(Main picture: Rex)


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Porsche Classic
Porsche Classic Partners
The best sounds from more than 6 decades. You can hear them all at your
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Retro Classics Stuttgart (7 to 10 March 2019 )
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Techno Classica Essen
The Techno Classica in Essen is an internationally renowned motor show for vintage, classic and prestige cars, motor sports, motorcycles, spare parts and restoration. The world-famous trade-show is therefore the international meeting point for classic cars and vintage enthusiasts.Les mer
Le Mans Classic
Since its inception in 2002, the "Le Mans Classic", which is held every two years, has established itself as one of the world's largest vintage car races. Here, the international racing and automobile scene meets up regularly to celebrate the historic classics at this legendary French race track.Les mer
Goodwood Revival
The Goodwood Revival, which has been held at the Goodwood Motor Circuit since 1998, is a very special experience. This world-renowned meeting of pre-1966 racing cars gives visitors a taste of the 1940s, 50s and 60s. The vintage and classic races on the authentic circuit, which remains untouched by modern motor sports, are not the only spectacular feature: visitors also dress up in period clothing to immerse themselves in another world and bring the old times to life.Les mer
AvD Oldtimer Grand Prix
If you want to experience historic racing and Sports Cars in action, the AvD Oldtimer Grand Prix is unmissable. Every year, this captivating event on the Nürburgring attracts thousands of classic car lovers to the Eifel region. Fans of the
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Porsche Classic Car Care Set - Information
You can download all available information on the
Porsche Classic Motoroil – FAQ and Lexicon
Here you will find all the background information and answers to frequently asked questions on the topic of engine oil. You will also find an explanation of the terms and characteristics of the various types of engine oil, the requirements for engine oil and its development.Les mer
Historical Documents
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General questions/Vehicle information/Certificates
phone: +49 (0) 1806 / 356-911
(0.20 € per call from German landline, max. 0,60€ per minute from German mobile network; charges for calls from outside Germany may vary)
e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
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Classic Genuine Parts/Repairs
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Classic Factory Restoration
phone: +49 (0) 711 911 - 27150
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Ugh! I feel absolutely miserable. Sunday night I went to bed feeling a little yucky but not too bad. Within a couple of hours, though, I was in so much pain that I couldn't sleep. It was like a had a high fever (you know how that feels) but I had no fever. It continued through Monday until last night my temperature went up to 98.4; my normal is 97.5. By the middle of the night, I was curled up in a ball, shivering, with a temperature of 100.8.
I've been thinking about what's going on. I mean, why would I be hurting like I had a fever but not have one? Why would the pain preceed the fever? I realized this morning that I've been ignoring a backache for a couple of weeks now. There's a possibility that I've been ignoring a UTI. Now that the fever is here, I think the tropical temperatures have given the bacteria in my nose a reason to celebrate and multiply because I now have sinus pain and congestion too.
So I called my doctor's office this morning to make an appointment to make sure I don't have an infection. I got an appointment for 2:30pm. It's been the longest day in my life waiting for it. I still have another hour to wait and already it feels like I've been waiting all week.
Oh, and Josh hasn't been sleeping well; he's up almost hourly. He's also being very fussy today.
Where's my Calgon?
Tuesday, February 12, 2008
Full Body Pain and Now Fever
Posted by JoAnn at 12:48 PM
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