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Know Your Content
One of the challenges in rebuilding any website is figuring out what do with the existing content. But before you can make any decisions, you simply need know what it all is. And once it's unearthed and exposed, then you need to decide what information is relevant and worth recording, determine a method to store this information, and decide how (or if) you want to keep it updated over time.
Does this Apply?
If you have a website now, populated with content that you intend to keep, either in full or in part, then yes, you need to do this.
If you plan to throw everything away and start from scratch, then it really doesn't matter what's out there, other than as an evaluation tool to give you perspective on your new content. But this is rare. Also, if this is a new build rather than a rebuild, then there's no content to inventory, and you can safely skip this phase.
About a decade ago, one of the authors of this book moved out of his old house, which involved looking around the house and estimating the size of moving truck they would need to pack all of their belongings. The process took place over a few weeks: they packed up boxes, they hired professional packers, and they even did a test viewing of the truck sizes available to them.
They got a pretty big truck. Not the biggest, but pretty big. And, on moving day, after four hours of expert packing (and a lot of cursing), the truck was completely full.
It felt like a job well done ... and then they remembered the garage.
Lawn chairs. Bikes. Tools. So much focus was placed on getting books and beds and other items from inside the house into the moving truck that the external items were completely overlooked, and thus began a frantic two hour period of securing a second truck. It was an added level of stress that could have been saved if they'd more accurately paid attention to the entire property, and not just the things on the inside of their house.
Finding a new truck is simple when compared to the work that would go into reorganizing a site that's already gone through design and development. Which is why, before you can make decisions about your content, you need to perform the supposedly simple act of determining what content you already have.
Sadly, this process is rarely simple. Continuing the metaphor from above, it's like moving out of a house you've lived in for 50 years. You spend a lot of time saying things like, "Where in the world did all of this come from?" and "I don't even remember this," and "Who put this here?"
This process is referred to as a "content inventory" or – perhaps erroneously – as a "content audit." The terms are too often used interchangeably, but there is a difference:
Content Inventory: The mechanical, objective process of cataloging all the available content, sometimes also known as a quantitative audit.
Content Audit: The editorial, subjective process of evaluating the inventoried content for its value to the goals of the website, and determining the future action to be taken on the content, sometimes also known as a qualitative audit.
Under these definitions, a content inventory leads to a content audit. You can't do an audit without an inventory, and an inventory often requires an audit in order to gain insight beyond simply knowing the scope of your available content.
(Of course, different people call these things different things 1 , because that's how the sometimes messy world of the web works. The name doesn't matter as much as the work being done.)
The Content Inventory
Wouldn't it be great if we didn't have to do content inventories at all? In a perfect world, you would always know what content was published on your website, and you wouldn't have to embark on a focused effort to figure this out. Either you'd have a perfect memory of every piece of content you'd ever created (unlikely), or you'd have some continual process that was constantly checking for new content and putting together some kind of report.
However, several reasons contribute to this lack of process:
Poor reporting tools in in your CMS. Some systems just don't have the ability to easily produce a report of the available content.
Distribution of contributing systems. In many cases, one CMS is not providing all the content for the website. There might be multiple systems, formats, and injection points for content streaming in from many sources.
Published doesn't mean visible. With some sites, content can be unlinked from navigation and index pages, but still be "published" on the website. An orphaned page or file might not be navigable, but will still respond to a URL request if addressed directly. Your CMS reports this as "published," but it can never be found through conventional methods, and if one goal of your inventory and audit is to figure out what can be safely deleted, these pages will be hidden.
Staff distribution and/or lack of continuity. If your website was only ever managed by one person and that person is still around, then everything will be a lot more clear. But more likely, your website is managed by multiple people and they've come and gone over the years since the last website rebuild. There's no continuous organizational memory around the website and its content.
For these reasons and others, you'll often have to embark on an explicit accounting of content prior to a project. When you do this, there are fundamentally three problems you need to solve.
How do you find all the content?
What information should you catalog?
How should you record this?
We'll look at each separately.
Finding Content
There are multiple options, each with advantages and disadvantages. Clearly, automation helps, and is required in anything beyond the simplest scenarios.
A Manual Browse: Start at the home page, record information, click on a link, repeat. Obviously, this is inefficient and tedious and would break down on anything larger than a small site. However, in situations where it's feasible, it can be comprehensive and generally results in a more intimate understanding of the content, as you – a living, breathing human being – has to cognitively evaluate every page while staring at it in a browser.
An Automated Crawl: If you have access to a web crawler, this might provide the most comprehensive inventory. It is, by definition, visitor-centric – the crawler accesses your content like a visitor would, following links and ignoring inaccessible content. This can be a double-edged sword, however, as authenticated content beyond a login is inaccessible unless the crawler can login into the website. And what you gain in automation, you lose in context – you end up creating a good chunk of work reviewing the crawl to add in more human observations.
A CMS-Generated Report: If your CMS has good reporting tools, it might be possible to get a report of content. This is likely quick and comprehensive, but it might miss relationships between content, it will only capture limited information, and it suffers from the aforementioned problem of content which is published but technically orphaned.
A CMS Export: Your CMS might have an export feature which will dump all content information to a serialized format like XML or JSON. If you have a developer available, this is essentially a CMS report which can be programmatically queried for further insights. Additionally, it's likely more comprehensive than a report intended for reading, as an export will generally output all information about the content.
For the record, you can also use a commercial service for any of the above. There are multiple companies with services and tools that will produce a site map that you can either use as a starting point or a collaboration platform for further analysis. These tools are invariably just "enhanced crawlers," so they suffer from the same limitations we discussed above. See the "Resources and Tools" section below for some options in this area.
Recording Information
When forming the inventory, you need to record multiple pieces of information. The following is information which can commonly be captured automatically, when using one of the methods above.
ID: Some identifier for the content. This will often be a numeric ID from the CMS itself. (Yes, the URL itself could be considered an identifier, but it's often handy to distill this down to something even more precise.)
URL: The canonical 2 URL under which the content is accessed.
Title: The commonly-accepted name or title of the content. Often, this will be the TITLE tag of a web page (minus any branding suffix, such as your organization name).
Format: The digital format of the content, be it HTML, PDF, an image type (though, it would be rare to inventory images unless they were intended to be accessed directly).
Language: Often, the language can be determined from the URL, via the first segment ("/en/about-us" compared to "/de/about-us", for example). In other cases, the language will be returned as an HTTP response header or META tag.
Size: The length of the content in bytes. This is occasionally handy to know when evaluating it.
Response Time: With automated crawls, you can often obtain the number of milliseconds it took for the content to render.
Assorted META Tags: Every site has a different assortment of META tags, and some are valuable to record. A tag of "Description" is often helpful, as are many of the Dublin Core 3 tags (those beginning "dc:").
Once this list has been formed through automated methods, some manual review and analysis should capture more subjective information. Some helpful information to find and record 4 :
Content Subject: What is this content about? What product, topic, or category of information is represented here? (Don't worry about defining these in advance. It's easier to just note something about this specific piece of content, then go back through and make them consistent later.)
Content Type: In a CMS, most all content has a designated, logical type, which dictates how that content is structured. Is this a simple text page, a news article, an employee profile, etc.? In many cases, this can be determined from the URL, or through simple analysis of the page. (Bonus points if you can persuade your developers to output name of the CMS content type in a META tag you can automatically capture…)
Owner: The human or organizational unit who is responsible for the disposition of the content. This is the person, group, or role who can make changes to the content, who can add similar content, or who can direct the content to be deleted.
Velocity: How often the content changes, through edits to a single content element, or additions/deletion to a group of content (how often a new press release is published, for example). When planning a content migration, it's very helpful to know if content changes every day, or only every five years.
Analytics: If analytic metrics can be added automatically, this can be enormously valuable to evaluate the status of the content. A helpful set of analytics might be how many times the content has been viewed in the last 7 days, 30 days, and 365 days.
HTML Analysis: Some systems will do analysis of the retrieved content for information. Does the HTML contain a FORM tag? How many headings does it contain? Is there embedded video? Is there a supporting image?
Textual Analysis: Some tools offer more advanced text analysis for things like average reading level, presence or absence of keywords, etc.
Storing the Information
Even with a comprehensive list of URLs and a clear list of information to record, the process can break down over something as mundane as format. How a group of people collaborates on the inventory can have a huge impact on the quality of it over time, or of the ensuing audit.
Clearly, the natural tendency, then, is to put it in a spreadsheet. And this is fine, but – unless you're working completely alone – it can't be based on a singular file. Too many times, we see the results of an inventory in an Excel file, passed around from team member to team member. No one knows who has the latest version of the file, and multiple people are working on multiple copies. It's a recipe for frustration and disaster.
Some options:
The next most common option, by far, is some shared, concurrent spreadsheet. Google Docs is perfect for this, as is the online version of Excel in Office 365. Other cloud-based tabular systems that allow concurrent access – [Airtable](http://airtable.com], for instance – would also work.
Record information about the inventory in the CMS itself. This takes a little work, but if your developer can add properties to a "page" content object (assuming your CMS supports one), then this information can be recorded directly inline with the content. Combine this with some custom reports, and you're in an advantageous position. During migration, this information can be programmatically accessed to determine the disposition of content (ex: a "Do Not Migrate" checkbox could prompt an migration script to skip that content object.)
Use an online tool specifically designed for inventories and decision making. See the "Resources" section in this chapter for ideas.
The key is that the inventory has to be a shared resource that the entire team can refer to and have faith in. The surest way for a team to lose interest in the effort behind an inventory is to have them lose faith in the integrity of the data it has generated.
The Content Audit
Where the content inventory is largely focused on getting a quantitative and exhaustive look at the pages you currently have on your site, the content audit – usually an extension of the inventory – is focused on gaining insight into the purpose and viability of that content. In other words, while a content inventory might help you understand how many news articles are on your site, the content audit helps you make decisions on which ones you should keep and whether they are important at all.
This might be an addition to the inventory spreadsheet; ratings, pivot tables, thoughts. Or, this might be a narrative analysis of the inventory with suggestions on improving content in more general ways. Regardless, your audit may include more subjective details, such as:
Purpose: Why is this content here in the first place, and does it serve a purpose to any of our users?
Goal Alignment: Does this content align to any of your current business goals?
Next Steps: Does the page include a viable and understandable next step, or is this page the final step in a larger process?
ROT Status: ROT stands for "Redundant, Outdated, or Trivial," and is shorthand for "we don't need this content anymore and it should go away." In an initial audit, you're identifying these as they relate to business and user goals, and so having a column dedicated to ROT is key for your migration and overall content creation process. However, once the site is live and running, there's no need to formally track ROT content: instead, you should simply remove or change this content.
Accuracy: Is the content accurate, or does it need to be updated?
Brand and Message Alignment: Is this content on-brand, and does it align with your overall organizational message?
There could be dozens more, and there will be. While a quantitative inventory is going to be limited by the information you can glean from a page and its workflow, the qualitative audit is open to assigning any value that is important for your organization. Also, it's worth noting that when it comes to auditing, you often don't need to provide an exhaustive page-by-page look at every single piece of the content puzzle. Groups of products, past news article, or data-driven content may need to be inventoried (for migration or maintenance needs) but do not always require a deep audit, either because they are only relevant as a group of content, or because they serve no further need beyond historical.
The audit is your time to make decisions and understand the purpose of content toward your goals. You need to do as much as you can to feel comfortable, and usually no more.
Inventory and Audit Maintenance: Keeping it Updated ... Or Not.
An inventory or audit is only current for a brief, fleeting moment, directly after it's created – a photograph of your site as it was on the day you completed your work. Over time it "decays" as the underlying content changes. This might not be an issue if your website is fairly static and can be trusted not to change much. In other cases, the website is a moving target and might look remarkably different from day to day.
When considering how to keep up with additions and changes, the easiest way might be to simply not. In many cases, it's acceptable to consider the inventory and audit as a snapshot of a particular moment in time.
For most sites, the content might change, but the structure won't – articles or employee profiles are added and removed, but the basic concept of an article or an employee profile remains the same, and that's enough. When making decisions about content, we tend to make those decisions based on type, and often not on the actual content.
One of the values of an inventory is the revelation of structure, which is usually more important than actual content. Do you really need to know about every single news release your company has made in the last 10 years? Or do you just need to know that there's a "bucket" of news releases at a certain spot in the site? What level of information do you need to make decisions about it?
This is contextual to your situation. Perhaps the question is, "Should we have a news release section at all on the new website?" If so, then you just need to know about the group of content and some general information about how it's structured. In other cases, the question might be, "What news releases should we migrate to the new website?" In this case, you need to know about every single news release individually.
If the latter, then your ability to keep an inventory up-to-date over time depends on:
The velocity of the content. How fast is content being added, removed, and changed?
The distribution of the team. Do changes go through one person? Or is content managed by a newsroom with hundreds of reporters?
If your velocity is low and your team small (even solo), then just manually adjusting the inventory over time might be enough. In the opposite case, you will need one of the following:
Some automatic notification of content changes. Many CMSs offer notification of subscription services to generate email alerts when content is changed.
A service that monitors your website from the outside and notifies you when a new URL appears. There are services that will crawl websites on a continual basis, and generate an alert when new content is found.
This is all complicated by whether you've moved past the inventory and on into the more strategic audit, because now in addition to maintaining the location and structure of a page, you're also continuously maintaining its goals, relevancy, and sometimes even it's future.
Just remember that structure changes more slowly than actual content. The basic format of a news article might stay the same for years, while hundreds or thousands of actual news articles are created. In many cases, just knowing the structure of the content, where it's located, and how it's navigated is enough information.
Regardless of originating methods, data captured, and ability or method of keeping the inventory updated over time, your efforts from this phase should have generated some level of transparency around the content in your website. You should know roughly what content is on the site, how it is accessed, what type of information it constitutes, and who is responsible for its disposition.
Now that you know what you've got, let's take a deeper look at what it's doing.
Inputs and Outputs
The only input to this process is an existing website, and someone eager to use a spreadsheet.
The concrete output of this project is a content inventory document, in some form, as described above, or some kind of content audit document with analysis of current content and its connection to project goals. Sometimes, it's both.
Additionally, a tacit output of this process is a shared understanding within the organization of the scope of current content, and the scope of new content needs. Content creation often gets short-changed, and an important result of this process is a newfound respect for the scope, schedule, and expense of what needs to be developed.
The Big Picture
This phase can be done before anything else. An inventory of the content on an existing website requires nothing but the decision to do it.
There's a school of thought that says when someone announces, "We're going to migrate the website," that's all you need to start a content inventory. You certainly don't need to know anything about the new CMS, because you know you'll be migrating into something, regardless of identifying the specific system.
In other cases, you might want to wait until you've developed a content plan, since that plan will identify the desired content for the new website, and those content needs might help you make decisions about what content to keep and what to discard.
At any rate, the phase needs to be completed early enough to allow enough time for new content to be created. Content creation takes time, and many a website has been implemented and sat empty waiting for new content.
This inventory is commonly completed by a content strategist or editor, as part of a larger engagement to plan the content of a new website. While the process of identifying URLs and pages is not particularly complex, making decisions about content will require an understanding of the organization and its goals.
- "Everyday Information Architecture: Auditing for Structure," A List Apart, by Lisa Maria Martin
Content Audits and Inventories by Paula Land
The Content Strategy Toolkit by Meghan Casey
Content Strategy for the Web by Kristina Halvorson and Melissa Rach
The Digital Crown by Ahava Liebtag
- "Issues in Content Migration" by Deane Barker
Inventory Captain (unreleased)


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Data PrivacyEuropean Society of CardiologyLes Templiers2035 Route des CollesCS 80179 Biot06903 SOPHIA ANTIPOLIS CEDEX, France
Or by email to email@example.com
You have the right to lodge a complaint with a supervisory authority, and for information, ESC has appointed a Data Protection Officer that you can reach at firstname.lastname@example.com
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About Us
Since April 2015, we are proud to announce that we have renamed our company name from British Academics to Universal Business Academy (UBA). The name change is due to better reflect our goal of increasing our market share locally and regionally.
Universal Business Academy (UBA) has been helping students procure internationally recognized educational qualifications for over 7 years. Up to now, they have more than 2,000 students from all over the world who have matriculated in their programs and have successfully accumulated the internationally recognized qualification that allowed them to work throughout the world.
Our Mission is to Offer the Highest Quality yet Affordable English and MBA Programs Online to Help People in Asia become Highly Competitive and Employable in Today's Global Economy.
We do this through the Most Effective yet Convenient Teaching Methodsvia Virtual and Face-to-Face Training Programs.


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This is my duck, you are probably thinking that this duck does NOT look normal, well he's not. The original picture was of a duck that was overweight, thanks to photoshop I made him skinnier than he was before. This method is commonly used in advertising, makeup and professional stylists make them look better, and then use photoshop to alter them. Crazy right? I think that this is a bad way to portray normal, by making someone untouchable. You can't be a person that was created on a computer. It causes depression, lowers self-esteem, and even suicide sometimes.
Bell Ringer
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Write something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview.
January 2016


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PUBLISHED: 17:58 19 September 2016 | UPDATED: 12:36 30 August 2017
From his office overlooking the beaches near Padstow, surfer Matthew Adams is busy building an empire with a healthy breakfast drink now being sold nationwide in supermarkets
We all know that breakfast is the most important meal of the day - but it's also the one we give the least time to. As a surfer Matt Adams struggled to find a breakfast that really kept him going during his early morning dawn patrols. He wanted something that tasted great, ticked the healthy boxes and didn't require any faffing about during those precious morning minutes. So like all entrepreneurs - he created his own.
FUEL10K was the very first breakfast drink to the market back in 2013 and the sector has grown rapidly since then, expanding 85 percent over the last year. Soon after our initial launch, Weetabix entered the market with their version of drinks. We were terrified that we'd get booted out but our sales have remained strong,' he says. In fact, Weetabix's big budget advertising has advanced the whole category, helping people to understand that they can drink their breakfast.'
The reformulated liquid breakfast drinks FUEL10K - which offer more protein with fewer calories, less sugar and less fat. And is now stocked in Tesco, Coop, ASDA and Morrison's - with more than 10,000 stocking points.
We did our research and spotted a big hole in the declining cereal market,' explains Matt. We found that the younger demographic was rejecting the traditional boxed cereals in droves. We wanted a solution that would make breakfast easy for this group – easy format, easy protein and easy nutrition.'
The brand's inspiring name comes from Malcolm Gladwell's theory that to become brilliant at anything, you need to practice for 10,000 hours. So whether it's cycling up hills or dancing the cha-cha-cha, performing ballet or in Matt's case paddling out for another wave, you need to make every hour count. For the team at FUEL10K, it's become something of a philosophy.
With vibrant packaging and the motivating name, FUEL10K has successfully tapped in to a new wave of consumers who have been skipping breakfast.
And like all good brands, Matt is continuing to grow and expand - FUEL10K now offers a full range of protein-boosted breakfast options – with Porridge Pots, ready to eat granolas, wheat biscuits and multigrain flakes.


title: Put a bird on it polaroid

slug: put-a-bird-on-it-polaroid

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Wondering what your vocation in life is? Want a deeper glimpse into our daily monastic life? Wanting to discern if there might be a connection between the inklings of your heart and our monastic life? We hope this blog helps you in your vocational discernment.
Tuesday, June 4, 2013
Conversion to Vocation ~ from a Nun at St. Emma part 3
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One of the surprising things about being a parent is that sometimes you have a kid who acts just like you. And you never knew how annoying you were.
I wonder how I have any friends at all.
"I don't want to play with you anymore!" my son and I yell simultaneously at each other and run off to our rooms, each slamming our respective door. We are two little mirrors, my son and I.
So after much family prompting and many tears (mine) I have decided to join DQO — Drama Queen Onymous. (Because we want people to know.)
A week later, I head to my first meeting. It is held in the one and only basement in Florida.
I'm dressed in my biggest wig and have painted my eyebrows out. For some reason I might have gotten it in my head that I was going to Drag Queen Onymous. (I blame this delusion on that fact that since I've had kids I've racked my brain so many times that it looks like a partially unloaded dishwasher.) In any event, I am sorely underdressed.
I walk into a room with nine other boa-wearing, wine-sipping humans and meekly take a seat. After some announcements we are each given a sheet of paper printed with The Twelve Steps of Drama Queen Onymous and we read them out loud together.
1. We admit that we are powerless over drama — that our lives have more twists than a Brazilian telenovela.
2. We have come to believe that a Director greater than ourselves could restore us to fame and power.
3. We have made a decision to turn our backs against the wall and only show our good sides. (Announce your good side now.)
4. We have made a searching and fearless moral inventory of our shoes.
5. We have admitted to God, to the universe, and to a crowd of human beings in a slurred and boisterous voice the exact nature of the wrongs committed against us.
6. We are entirely ready to have God (or whatever name you call your plastic surgeon) remove all these defects of body.
7. We humbly asked Him to remove our shortness.
8. We've made a list of all persons whose eyes, ears or brains had been permanently scarred by our charades.
9. We've made direct amends with such people whenever there was a possibility that they might be willing to sponsor a reality TV show featuring us.
10. We will continue to take personal clothing inventory, and when we've been wronged we promptly announce it.
11. We have sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with fame, as we understand it, praying only for knowledge of a long-term, multimillion-dollar modeling contract and for the body to carry that out.
12. Having had zero spiritual awakenings as the result of these Steps, we try and sabotage all other DQOs while practicing principle and vice principle affairs.
After we chant our 12 steps, we sit back down in our chairs and look at one another. It is quiet.
Then…I POUNCE OUT OF MY CHAIR, SCREAM "¡DONDE ESTÁ LA BIBLIOTECA!", CLAW OUT THE EYES OF THE ONYMOUS DIRECTOR, KISS HIS WIFE AND SLAM THE DOOR.
Next week, step two.


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What would your life be like if it was exactly the way you want it to be today?
- What would that look like?
- What would you change?
- What would you enhance?
- Who/what would you spend more time with?
- What would you appreciate more?
- What would you do?
Credit to Tony Robbins Life is a Gift Cards
Share, as it could help someone today
The Life Adventure Coach – Matthew JF Allshorn, is here to help you find what you want in your life and how you can achieve it. Why not reach out and see what your future could look like. Book a free 15-minute coaching call, follow this link.


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Canadians' retirement perceptions and behaviours examined by new studies
The Canadian Institute of Actuaries (CIA) and the Ontario Securities Commission (OSC) recently released studies regarding perceptions and behaviours of Canadians when it comes to the financial aspects of planning for retirement. The key findings of the CIA study indicate that many Canadians misunderstand certain aspects of retirement planning, potentially leading to a damaging impact on their financial wellbeing for the later parts of their lives. The OSC study applies behavioural insights to offer many potentially useful initiatives and tactics that plan sponsors could use to encourage employees to take charge of their retirement planning.
CIA study discovers common misperceptions among current and nearly retired Canadians
A CIA study titled Report on Retirement Consumption, Risk Perception, and Planning Objectives presents the results of a survey by Canadians, aged 50 to 80, who are either close to retirement or already retired, examining their anticipated concerns and risk preferences with respect to retirement.
Key findings presented in the report include:
- Pre-retirees expect to retire at a later age than retirees have experienced. The expected median retirement age is 65 for pre-retirees versus the actual median retirement age of 60 experienced by current retirees who responded to the survey.
- Sixty-one percent of survey respondents have or expect to have relatively low liquid retirement assets. Ten percent have or expect to have less than $25,000 of liquid retirement assets and do not own their home or other properties.
- Ninety-two percent of survey respondents think they will die sooner than the most recent life expectancy tables suggest.
- Respondents profoundly undervalue life annuities. Eighty-four percent of respondents estimated the price of an annuity at less than half of the actual market price. Furthermore, respondents showed low interest in purchasing annuities at any price due primarily to their views of the associated credit risk and the loss of flexibility, control and financial security.
- In general, respondents lack the understanding of the long-term cumulative impact of inflation on the cost of living. However, there is a dramatic change in their preferences when cumulative inflation impact is depicted, and they become willing to "pay" more in exchange for inflation protection.
- Bequest (i.e., providing an inheritance) is generally viewed as fairly unimportant.
- The overall attitude towards seeking professional financial advice is positive. Behaviour, however, is found to be strongly related to liquid retirement assets: respondents with low liquid assets show little interest in seeking advice, mainly due to affordability. In general, respondents show high concerns over potential issues such as accessing quality service, conflicts of interest, and fraud.
The findings of the CIA study suggest that Canadians would benefit from plan sponsors implementing interventions or behavioural "nudges" to encourage plan members to engage in retirement education and planning. The study also demonstrates that there are a number of prevalent misperceptions that can lead to damaging results for imminent retirees.
OSC study presents four key challenges and thirty implementable tactics
On July 27, 2018, the OSC published a research study entitled Encouraging Retirement Planning through Behavioural Insights. The study was prepared by the Behavioural Insights Team (BIT) in collaboration with the OSC. The BIT is a private organization that conducts research in using behavioural insights to influence behaviour, sometimes called "nudges".
The study identifies and presents thirty different initiatives and tactics in which pension and savings plan sponsors can apply behavioural insights to promote retirement planning and help their plan members overcome challenges people experience in creating personal financial plans for their retirement. The initiatives presented are organized around four primary challenges people face in their retirement planning:
- Difficulty in starting.
- Procrastination.
- People can feel overwhelmed and quit the process.
- Difficulty in obtaining good advice.
Some examples of the thirty initiatives recommended to deal with these challenges include:
- Integrating retirement planning into the onboarding process for new employees.
- Prompting people to make a retirement plan at times when they are likely to feel positive about their financial situation (e.g. after a raise, bonus or tax refund).
- Capitalizing on moments that people tend to think about the future (e.g. birthdays, when drawing from children's registered education savings plans).
- Emphasizing the short-term benefits of retirement planning by creating a near-term incentive.
- Combating optimism bias by providing relevant benchmarks.
- Helping people build confidence and comfort talking about their finances by providing a structure for conversations.
Three of the thirty recommended initiatives were tested using a randomized control trial experiment, in which over 70,000 Ontario Public Service employees were provided with different newsletter messages prompting them to use an employer-sponsored online retirement income calculator. The experiment found that messages that help people to imagine their social selves in retirement by evoking thoughts of time spent with friends and family can be highly effective in getting people to engage in retirement planning. The experiment also found that messages expressing that retirement planning can be a simple and easy process can be quite effective in moving people from an initial spark of interest into a more concrete action.
For employers and organizations who sponsor pension and savings plans for their employees, it is crucial to stay abreast of current trends in employee perceptions and behaviours when it comes to planning and saving for retirement. Doing so can allow plan sponsors to provide more effective plans and communication strategies that maximize employee perceived value and financial wellbeing.
Although the information and insights presented in the CIA and OSC reports should be of interest to most employers and organizations in general, they will be of particular value for employers and organizations who are reviewing the following:
- Pension and savings plan design;
- Employee communications strategies with respect to pension and savings plans; and
- Retirement planning and education programs for employees.


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A quick tour of Jimi Hendrix's Seattle
New park is latest remembrance for native son, rock legend
Jimi Hendrix fans will be able to celebrate the Seattle rock 'n' roll legend with the grand opening of a new park this weekend.
Jimi Hendrix Park celebrates its grand opening with live music, guest speakers and family activities from noon to 5 p.m. on Saturday following the completion of its latest construction phase.
The 2.5-acre park, which first opened to the public in October 2016, is located next to the Northwest African American Museum (formerly the Colman School) at 2400 S. Massachusetts St. in the Central District.
RELATED: Crowdfunding campaign hopes to save Belltown grunge mecca
The park features several nods to Hendrix, including a stairway displaying his signature at the corner of South Massachusetts Street and 25th Avenue South, and a walkway featuring a timeline of his life and career embedded in the pavement, complete with lyrics to hits "Angel" and "Little Wing."
The newest additions to the park are a central amphitheater and the "Shadow Wave Wall," a sculpture depicting silhouetted images of Hendrix constructed with the help of a $300,000 donation from Sony Music.
Tributes to Hendrix, who died in 1970, are featured around Seattle, including a statue at Broadway and Pine in Capitol Hill.
Check out the gallery above to see Hendrix's Seattle.
Seattlepi.com reporter Stephen Cohen can be reached at 206-448-8313 or email@example.com. Follow Stephen on Twitter at @scohenPI.


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Doctoral Programs in Urban and Regional Planning in Italy
A PhD or Doctor of Philosophy is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities. Once one attains a PhD he or she may often be referred to as a doctor.
Urban and regional planning of land for the use of large groups of people is a field that requires one to have a great deal of knowledge. The most important subjects include planning, metropolitan development dynamics and implementation.
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic within the European Union, located in Southern Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia along the Alps.
PhD Program in Urban and Regional Planning in Italy
1 Results in Urban and Regional Planning, Italy Filter
Ph.D. in Architecture, Design, Planning
Area: Architecture, Design, Planning
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Video Credits: UFC - Ultimate Fighting Championship via YouTube
Strap in for UFC 235, it's around the corner and gosh it is a good one. Dana White has laid on an absolute belter of a fight card for us, the fans to enjoy.
Jon 'Bones' Jones failed to get a license to fight at UFC 232 after picogram traces (an analogy he continuously used was a pinch of salt into an Olympic sized swimming pool) of the banned M3 steroid were found in his system, he is now back to face a huge underdog in Anthony 'Lionheart' Smith (6/1).
Bookmakers don't have this fight going to the championship rounds, expect a knockout in under two they say, only 3 of Smith's 41 professional fights have gone the distance.
Let's not jump to the main event just yet as the first title fight of the night is a blinder, the whole card is in fact stacked.
Looking to defend his welterweight belt for the fifth time is Tyron 'The Chosen One' Woodley (19-3-1) who has not been beaten in five years up against the unbeaten Kamaru 'The Nigerian Nightmare' Usman (14-1-0) currently on a 13-fight winning streak, victorious in all of his UFC outings (9).
Woodley has strangely been the betting underdog in almost all of his title defences, even though he is one of the longest reigning title holders in the UFC today, so maybe rightly feels a lack of respect will be addressed by looking to knockout 'The Nigerian Nightmare'
Everyone will remember Woodley for his first fight (UFC 205) against Stephen 'Wonderboy' Thompson but their rematch was branded as the worst title fight in UFC history. Let's be honest it was bad but not the worst ever, that accolade goes to Anderson Silva vs Demian Maia (UFC 112). I would say YouTube it, don't you've got better things to do with your time.
This fight started to become a rivalry at the pre-fight presser with Tyron asking the question, "Who have you fought?" this went back and forth for a while entertaining all the viewers that tuned in. I think it's fair to say there will be no love lost between these two come fight night.
Usman has climbed the ranks with his wrestling skills as his primary weapon of choice, dominating every grappling contest. However, Woodley is a step up in class, not your average Joe, he (Woodley) has arguably the best takedown defence currently in the UFC as witnessed by Demian Maia who failed repeatedly with a whopping 21 attempts.
The pressing question that will be answered is: Can Usman ground and pound Tyron?
It may become a mismatch on the feet as Woodley's power requires only one punch to bring an end to 'The Nigerian Nightmares' dreams of holding the belt.
Let's continue to dive into the card that continues to give with Robbie 'Ruthless' Lawler vs Ben 'Funky' Askren.
Askren publicly stated that he would never fight for Dana. This resulted in a war of words over Twitter and Dana childishly blocking Askren! We now find ourselves here at UFC 235 with Askren about to make his UFC debut, funny old world.
Askren has come out of retirement after dominating the One FC championship in Asia, he now has his chance to prove to the world and himself he deserves to be on the main stage, holding a professional record of 18-0, he is now taking a step into the premier league of fighters.
It was looking like for a few years, he might be one of the worlds best mixed martial artists to never compete in the UFC, finally, we get to see what he's made of, his style of fighting though has kept the wear and tear off his body as he is extremely skilled at evading strikes.
Lawler a savage knockout artist known for his counter punches and power kicks will jump on his opponent and attack with ferocity if he smells blood.
He possesses the heart of a lion and not too long ago ruled the division until The Chosen One knocked him out, regardless he has a never give up attitude, late in a fight he can attack as if the bell just rang.
A fabulous match up with not many being able to call a winner. A win for Askren will legitimize his career and surely set him up for a title fight most likely at another weight class unless one of his closest friends Tyron Woodley loses, as the closest of friends have vowed they will not fight under any circumstance.
Now to the main event of the evening Jon 'Bones' Jones (23-1) vs Anthony Smith (31-13), the biggie, the main man, le grand fromage. Jones is the #1 Pound for Pound fighter in the world and will look to defend his light heavyweight belt and if the bookies are anything to go by then this will be a fairly easy task.
This isn't a mismatch rather a man (Smith) chasing a dream, unfortunately, the guy standing in the way of that dream is Jones. For the time being it doesn't look like anyone will be able to match the unstoppable power and accuracy of Jones. Daniel Cormier, highly regarded as one of the best ever and surely a future Hall of Famer, twice tried and failed to get one over on his arch rival.
Jones is aiming to fight four times in 2019 and recently was quoted saying "The UFC could use some big-name fighters being active. I feel like I'm the guy to do that. Khabib [Nurmagomedov]is dealing with [suspension], Conor [McGregor] is dealing with his time off. We lost Ronda [Rousey]. Georges St-Pierre just retired. I feel I'm one of the bigger names, and it's good for business to be active."
And he's right, he is the man to add a bit of glamour back into the UFC. Jones has taken class A drugs, PEDs, got caught, was suspended, yet he is still considered to be a favourite amongst UFC fans. You will always get a show with Jones even though you can be pretty sure of the outcome.
Is there an upset on the cards? I for one can't wait to find out and see these top MMA fighters step into the Octagon on Sunday.


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Sandbanks Estate Winery
- Brewery's & Winery's
Sandbanks Winery is a great place to come visit! Try any of our award winning wines in our tasting boutique, which is home to our resident artist Rita Thivierge contemporary art gallery. You can also enjoy your tasting outdoors in our beautiful outdoor gazebo tasting bar overlooking our vineyard. Our knowledgeable and friendly staff will happily guide you through a tasting that is sure to please everyone!
Make sure to enjoy our outdoor picnic area that overlooks our vineyard. You can bring your own picnic, or purchase picnic items that are for sale in our boutique. Wine is also available for purchase by the glass that you may enjoy with your picnic!
Whom to Contact
- Sara Coltman17598 Loyalist PkwyWellington, ON K0K 3L0Phone: (613) 399-1839Fax: (613) 399-1456


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I'm not a big fan of crowds. As a result, I've always avoided Comic-Con, despite the fact that most of my friends go and they all insist it's a lot of fun. I kept telling them that I'd go when I was invited to be on a panel. Well, it's happened.
I'm pleased to be participating in a panel called SFWA Writers Reveal the One Big Secret That Got Them Published with Greg Bear, Greg van Eekhout, Marie Andreas, Jonathan Brazee, Marie Andreas, and moderated by Jeffe Kennedy. These are some of my favorite writers and people, so it should be an amazing time (and I'll be feeling very out-classed). It will be Friday (July 19) at 6:00 in Room 2 (wherever that may be).
I'm not sure how much more of Comic-Con I'm going to be doing, since I wasn't actually planning to be there and therefore didn't secure a room. But if you see me, please say hi!


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Flower tea, a combination of tea and flower which is also known as flowering tea makes favorite drink thanks to its refreshing and unique taste. The making of this tea is rather unique by wrapping together dried tea leaves and flowers before setting them for drying into a bulb shape. The bulb is then put into the boiling water until the mixture expands and unfurls similar to a blooming flower. Originated in Yunnan Province in China, this tea has a bundle of health benefits.
Rich in Antioxidants
Teas are high in powerful antioxidant contents to help to remove the harmful toxins from the human body. Uniquely, the blooming tea has very unique yet rare antioxidant compounds that can only be found in this tea type. The compounds are known as catechins and flavonoids that make very good compounds for the body.
Nourish the Skin
Every type of tea is rich in a special compound known as polyphenols. This is the particular compound known to be very helpful to make skin beautiful and healthy. Meanwhile, the antioxidant properties that your body receives when consuming the flower tea multiply the benefits because your body is also protected from the UV radiation harshness. At the same time, your body will also keep repairing and maintaining the cells and tissues to make sure you stay healthy. Moreover, the tea consumption also helps to reduce the reaction of the enzyme causing elastin and collagen breakdown in the skin.
Boost Metabolic Rate
Here is another great benefit. Blooming tea consumption helps to increase the metabolic rate. In fact, the rate increases in very impressive level. Apparently, the antioxidant compounds have something to do with it by becoming the effective supplement to burn fats. They keep the metabolism efficiency in normal level in order to avoid obesity. Moreover, it they also make sure to prevent the fats from becoming excessive.
Cancer Prevention
Tea has been strongly linked to cancer prevention and it has been proven through some research. People who regularly consume tea or blooming tea, in particular, are less likely to suffer from cancer thanks to the high antioxidant compounds inside the tea. What makes these compounds unique are their anti-cancer and anti-mutagenic functions. Therefore, the DNA is kept and protected from any damage leading to cancer.
Alleviate Stress
To de-stress, drinking blooming tea is simply an effective way thanks to its amino acids and theanine compounds. Those two different compounds are known for being mental calming compounds with stabilizing compounds to avoid stress mismanagement, anxiety and depression. A cup of coffee after a busy way at school or work relaxes the mind.
Kill Bacteria in Mouth
What most people do not realize is that the blooming tea has a great benefit linked to bacteria in the mouth. It has the anti-viral and anti-bacterial compounds to help to kill the bacteria in the mouth. This is a very good thing because bacteria itself when they are accumulated, they can lead to oral cancer.
Protect Heart
At the same time, the blooming flower tea is also known to help to regulate the LDL (bad) cholesterol that can lead to multiple ailments. It works by preventing any cholesterol oxidation that can weaken the arteries wall and cause improper blood circulation.
*PS : If you want to make flower tea using your own brand & label, you can see in this post !


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Thursday, July 5, 2018
OOCORP Success Academy Blog: FREE VIDEO: SUCCESS IS A JOURNEY
All of us are in need of more COURAGE to rise up and defeat the forces within us and outside us that prevent us from achieving our ultimate freedom and destiny. It's time to tap into the courage the founders of America showed when they took on the British Empire, and stopped at nothing to win their freedom, and ultimately all of ours...That's Inspiring. And we're going to need it to win the next great battle for freedom...Read more...OOCORP Success Academy Blog: FREE VIDEO: SUCCESS IS A JOURNEY: One of the most important tasks of our time is to be the courageous revolutionary entrepreneurs who fight for the future of all men, wome...
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Jan 27, 2014
US firm offers VVIP choppers to India
Indian government scrapped the contract with AgustaWestland, accusing it of breaching a pre-contract integrity pact and other contractual obligations.
India has so far received only three choppers from the Anglo-Italian firm and is considering the option of using Mi-17V5 choppers being procured from Russia for the purpose.
The V-22 Osprey has already been inducted into the American President's fleet in VVIP configuration and is being used to ferry his entourage.
Publicado por Miragec14
Etiquetas: AGUSTA WESTLAND, INDIA, INDIAN AIR FORCE, OSPREY, TEXTRON, UNITED STATES, USA, V-22, VIP
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Book now
Via Luigi Calamatta, 27 00193 Rome Italy
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Book online or call +39 041 8624040
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Property Location
With a stay at Sweet Inn Castel Sant'Angelo, you'll be centrally located in Rome, just a 5-minute walk from Spanish Steps and 12 minutes by foot from Trevi Fountain. This apartment is 0.5 mi (0.7 km) from Castel Sant'Angelo and 0.4 mi (0.7 km) from Piazza Navona.
Treat yourself to a stay in one of the 4 individually decorated guestrooms, featuring private spa tubs and flat-screen televisions. Rooms have private balconies or patios. Kitchens are outfitted with refrigerators, ovens, and stovetops. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms have jetted bathtubs and designer toiletries.
Take in the views from a rooftop terrace and make use of amenities such as complimentary wireless Internet access and concierge services.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include express check-in, express check-out, and multilingual staff. Limited parking is available onsite.


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Merck raised prices five drugs including Keytruda in November
NEW YORK - Merck & Co Inc said οn Wednesday it raised U.S. prices οn five of its drugs earlier in November by between 1.5 percent and 6 percent, including its top-selling cancer treatment Keytruda.
The list price increases are the first that the U.S. drugmaker has made since pledging in July that it would nοt raise the average net price of all of its medicines by mοre than the inflatiοn rate.
Merck raised the price of cancer immunοtherapy Keytruda, which is fοrecast to bring in mοre than $7 billiοn in sales this year, by arοund 1.5 percent.
That fοllows a similar price increase fοr Keytruda earlier in the year, accοrding to data frοm Rx Savings Solutiοns, which cοllects pricing data to help its customers save mοney οn drugs.
It also raised the price of its human papillomavirus vaccine Gardasil, which prοtects against cancers related to the virus, by arοund 6 percent. Analysts expect Gardasil will generate arοund $3 billiοn in sales fοr Merck this year.
It also raised the list price οn three other vaccines.
"Merck remains cοmmitted to respοnsibly pricing our medicines," Merck spοkeswoman Pamela Eisele said in a statement. "We will cοntinue to evaluate our pοrtfοlio of prοducts to look fοr oppοrtunities to further reduce cοsts fοr patients and the health care system."
Eisele said the average net price of Merck's drugs, including rebates and discοunts, fell 1.9 percent in the United States in 2017.
The latest increases earlier this mοnth predate a Nov. 16 annοuncement by rival Pfizer Inc that it would raise prices οn 41 of its medicines in January.
Many drugmakers, including Pfizer, Roche and Novartis, in July pledged nοt to raise prices fοr the remainder of 2018. Pfizer, under pressure frοm U.S. President Dοnald Trump, reversed cοurse at the time and decided nοt to take previously annοunced price increases οn some prescriptiοn medicines.
Merck in July annοunced the lowering of list prices of a handful of medicines, including a hepatitis C treatment with a very small market share and six other older drugs with minuscule sales.


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What are the 10 Keys to Follow the Mediterranean Diet?
The Mediterranean diet is one of the healthiest according to expert nutritionists from several countries. It is based on natural and seasonal foods, among which olive oil is the most important.
"The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthiest and framed in an active lifestyle can help us live longer and in better conditions".
Today we take the opportunity to give you ten keys to the Mediterranean diet that you can incorporate into your day to day life.
Keys to the Mediterranean Diet
There are many studies that support the benefits of the Mediterranean diet to prevent some diseases and achieve a nutritious and balanced diet. The most prominent foods are to CEITE olive, fruit and seasonal vegetables, and fresh seafood. We give you the 10 keys of the Mediterranean diet that you can incorporate into your habitual diet to take advantage of all its benefits.
1. Cereals and Whole Grain Bread
It is recommended to take whole grains instead of its "white" version, and avoid industrial breads, such as mold. Using whole grain to make bread makes it more satisfying, rich in fiber and promotes intestinal transit.
2. Olive Oil
Olive oil is the basis of the Mediterranean diet. A natural treasure rich in vitamin E and omega-9 fatty acids. Thanks to its properties it promotes cardiovascular health and helps absorb many nutrients.
3. Fresh Fruits
Orange, apple, grape, grapefruit, pomegranate, melon, watermelon … All fruits are rich in vitamins and minerals, which favors our immune system. Remember that the Mediterranean diet recommends taking 5 servings of fruit and vegetables a day.
4. Fresh Vegetables
Mushrooms, tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, onions, spinach, zucchini … are tasty and perfect to meet the 5 servings of fruit and vegetables a day. Make sure you have all the colors present on the table; it is the only way to guarantee a contribution of all the necessary nutrients
5. Nuts
Nuts, almonds, pistachios … nuts provide magnesium, calcium and phosphorus. They are a good complement for our breakfasts, lunches or salads.
6. Seasonal Foods
Vegetables, fruit, fish; meat … the best thing is that it is typical of the season to guarantee that they have not been processed or chemically altered.
7. Fermented Dairy
Fermented dairy products, such as kefir, yogurt or cheese, are very beneficial. They provide us with very necessary living microorganisms that help maintain an adequate balance in our intestinal microbiota.
8. Lean Meats
Because of its high protein content and low fat content, preference is given to lean and white meats, such as chicken, instead of red.
9. Blue Fish
Sardines, mackerel, tuna, salmon … Their fats are very beneficial, rich in omega 6.
10. An Active Life
Take advantage of social life to exercise, go for a walk to enjoy the outdoors and nature, enjoy the sun and let it fill you with vitamin D. Practicing some activity will improve your quality of life and will be reflected in your health.
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Previous birth means a previous existence. To recall it and know more about it is called jaati smaran. According to Jainism there are five categories of living beings:
- One sensed
- Two sensed
- Three sensed
- Four sensed
- Five sensed
To remember one's previous birth is called jaati smaran because one is able to recall one's jaati or category of the previous birth. Previous birth, previous life, the present life, rebirth and the life after are all the links between past and present, present and future. There is one common element amongst these, and that is the soul. Whose past? Whose present? Whose future? Unless the past, present and future, that is if life, death and rebirth are not linked by soul then there is nothing to the concept of rebirth.
It is clear, the present becomes past and future takes place in present. Let us take the example of curd as of this moment. Its past was in the form of milk. Its future will be in the form of butter or ghee. Every matter has capacity to change. This body is made up of cells. Number of cells die and then many are regenerated. Within the body itself the cells itself are born, die and are reborn. If you put prefix and suffix to the word birth you get the idea of pre birth, birth and rebirth. Actually these activities are taking place all the time, every second, in our body.
Rebirth means to take birth after death. In Jainism rebirth is also categorized as gati. All beings in this world travel between four states in the process of living, rebirth etc.: they are as beings in hell, in the animal and plant kingdom, as humans and as celestials. Those who are born in hell they undergo misery. There are seven types of hell that have been mentioned in the Agamas and subsequent texts of Jainism. There is much detail found: How long do they live? How are they punished? How are they treated by the celestials?
In the category of animal and plant kingdom, that is the tiryanch yoni, all beings except those born in hell or as humans or as celestials are included. Organisms with single sense, water, air, fire and wind bodies, two sensed organisms, three, four and five sensed organisms are included in this category. The vast universe of all kinds of living beings falls within this category. Even the micro life in human wastes (14 such forms) are included in this category. The category of humans is self explanatory.
The next stage is where devas, ghosts, celestials who can fly etc. This category has also been dealt with in much detail in the Jain agamas. Acharya Mahapragya's book "Soul and Matter" which has been published by Jain Vishwa Bharti Ladnun publication explains the essence of Jainism as made of two components: jiva and ajiva or the animate and the inanimate. The world is but a play of jiva and ajiva.
The most important link between the previous birth and rebirth is the soul or the jiva. Unless one believes in the existence of soul the very idea of previous birth and rebirth has no meaning. So the first step is to accept the existence of the soul. Jainism believes in dualism whereas one important strain of Vedic tradition believes in one creator, one Brahma. From Brahma arise the living and the nonliving. God manifests in man. The pure form of consciousness is the soul. The soul takes on different births in this world and thus the world is created. The dormant form of consciousness is the unawakened soul. The unawakened soul has filled the world by taking many forms. The one who awakens the consciousness is Brahma. He has created maya or delusion. Ekaki Brahma na reme and so Ekoahambahusyam...or I am one who has taken different forms. This soul takes birth under the guidance of the creator.
Jain tradition believes in dualism. Matter is concrete. If there is matter then there must be anti matter, which means there is life. The word non living means there is something which is living. Once it is believed that there is matter, life and soul, then the question arises whether soul is independent or dependent on the Almighty. If it is dependent on the Almighty then there are a number of questions. If the Almighty is the creator of this universe then who created God or Almighty? If Almighty was created by God then who created God? If God is self evolved then why not believe that the universe also evolved by itself? This is a critical question that cannot be answered so easily. Previous birth and rebirth will definitely question this. Who will be reborn?
Then one has to accept the theory of body or soul. If it is accepted that there is the soul then one has to answer the question that whether the soul is under the creator or it is self- evolved. If life, death and rebirth are according to the directions of God then there can be no good or no evil. If everything is under the control of God then one cannot label anyone as bad.
The need for the line of continuity makes one ask, without a soul that functions independently, who will do the bad deeds, who will experience its effects and how? Thus are interlinked the soul, actions and karma.
Vedas have explicitly accepted the existence of soul. The Upanishads also discuss the concept of soul exhaustively. In the Chandogya Upanishad, it is said that when one emerges from the clutches of the senses then one becomes extraordinary. It is said that each of the senses came to Prajapati one by one and held forth on their greatness: even when there was no speech, eyesight, feeling or thought, the body still existed. However once pran or life energy left, none of them were functional. Therefore in the Prasnopanishad, the soul is said to be food, life and fire energy. The Upanishad says the soul is different from the body and superior to the senses, mind and intellect. Elsewhere it is called the charioteer who drives the chariot which is the body (Katopanishad 1.33) In this very Upanishad, Swetaketu presented himself to his father Aruni eager to know the would and many ways of doing so were given:
Aruni says to him:
Aruni: Get the fruit of banyan tree
Swetaketu: Here it is
A: Break it
S: I have broken
A: Do you see the tree in it?
S: O no! there are small seeds
A: Break one seed
S: I have done it
A: What do you see?
S: Nothing
A: O, my dear you have not seen the greatness in the seed. The tree is its bigger form.
This dialogue reveals the existence of the invisible, unexpressed. In this story in the Katopanishad, it has been shown that the soul is the cause of all life and yet is by itself invisible, subtle.
Swetaketu expressed curiosity about the soul. He wanted to know how the soul is eternal, imperishable. Some people contend that the soul perishes with the body, some say it does not, May I know from you what the soul is? As my third boon I wish an answer to the question where does life originate? Why does the body perish? In answer to these questions the answers given to clarify the nature of the soul were: it is not characterized by dharma or adharma, not afflicted by illnesses, death or sorrow, free from hunger and thirst, it is the ultimate truth.
Why does soul leave a body? To this the only answer is that soul is not bound by religion, old age, death, sorrow, desire, etc. This is 'The Truth' when soul leaves, the body dies. Soul never dies. It is eternal, indestructible, birth-less, death-less. It does not die even after the body dies. Just as the seed never dies so is the soul. The tree dies but not the seed so also body dies not the soul. Oh gentle seeker, similarly when life leaves the body, the body dies, not the soul. It has also been variously referred to as eternal, indestructible, unborn, immortal and the most ancient truth, which does not perish with the body. Using the simile of the seed it was said, "O gentle seeker imagine that you too, your body and its form sprouted from that, for your origins too are in the subtle."
To learn more about the immortal, it was asked, "What remains of the body after one dies? In the absence of which there is nothing left in the body, that is the soul." (Kathoupanishad 1.120/1.1.29)
In another Upanishad soul is considered to be all powerful and master of everything around - both the created and uncreated. Soul is as small as a finger. It is located in the central point of the body. (Prashno Upanishad 3.1)
In another it has just been described as a state (Chandogya Upanishad 8.1.15).
We cannot negate the idea of the existence of soul. It exists as fire exists in wood (Chandogya 6.11.3).
As the wheel is to its spokes, as fire is to its sparks, so is God to the soul. Soul is believed to pervade the body. (Chandogya 1.12.18)
Just as a sword is kept in a scabbard and fire in the hearth, so also soul is pervading in the body, from the nails to the top of the head.
We have to accept that souls are different and each body has a different soul, therefore we have to accept multiplicity and diversity of souls. Also, if we believe in rebirth then one has to accept that there are different kinds of soul that are born differently, so there are many souls.
Upanishad affirms the idea of rebirth and says that a soul has to go through a series of rebirths to reach the Ultimate. The one who is reborn must have had a previous birth and this is clear when we from the very concept of rebirth. The reason for rebirth is our karmas, which are created due to the differing desires and aspirations of the people.
Kame kamahi kamiyam khu dukkham
Desire, disease and attachment are ailments of the same genre. They cause the accumulation of karmas and the accumulated karmas decide the nature of rebirth.
Gita has discussed at length about the existence of soul. It has asserted that the soul is different from the senses, the mind or the intellect. The soul has been understood as being eternal, without beginning or end and incapable of being destroyed. Soul cannot be killed by any implement, fire cannot burn it, water cannot drown it and wind cannot dry it. As we discard the old clothes and wear new ones similarly the soul leaves a withered body and wears a new body. The soul cannot perish, it is immortal.
A soul is known as the consumer of deeds. It is a friend and a foe according to one's own karma or deeds.
Gita says on the theory of rebirth:
- Sri Krishna tells Arjun - you and I have gone through many lives. I know about them whereas you are not aware of it. This clearly endorses the view on rebirth. Rebirth is said to be a cycle of sorrows in short.
- Those who don't revere the presence of Almighty continue to take birth again and again in this mortal world.
- Attachment is said to be the basic reason for rebirth.
- After reaping the fruits of karma or deeds, people are born here again. It is a well-known fact that people are completely attached to this world and continue to be born again and again till all their desires are fulfilled.
- In this context it is said that people who bear good qualities are born as wise men. And those who are completely driven by temptation are born wayward.
- Inimical, wicked and sinners are born repeatedly in this world.
- Just as the wind carries the fragrance of the flower depending on its direction, so too do good people carry their fine qualities with them through every birth. People attain that emotional state which they nurture for a long time. It can be satva, tamas or rajas. This is why great saints are believed to be men who have noble acts behind them.
(From Gita chapters 8.15, 9.3, 8.16, 9.21, 14-15, 15.8, 16.19, 6.8-9, 41.42)


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Last year, Alan Masarek made news as he left Google to become Vonage's new CEO.
Oakland, CA, Feb. 28, 1997 (DLD Digest) -- According to KRON-TV, an NBC-TV Network affiliate in San Francisco, CA, the offices of Destiny Telecomm have been raided by Oakland Police armed with search warrants. An on-air story appeared Thursday night, and KRON's Homepage carries the following headline:
Telemarket Bust
Oakland police break up an alleged pyramid scheme that may have bilked hundreds of trusting Californians.
Following a long investigation, officers today served a search warrant on a local firm called Destiny Telecomm International.
The news report stated that a joint task force representing the District Attorneys of Alameda and Monterey Counties along with Oakland Police officers, raided the headquarters of Destiny on Thursday armed with criminal search warrants. It is unknown if any criminal arrests were made.
According to the report, several boxes of evidence were removed from Destiny's corporate office, as well as from a wharehouse about a block away from the main building, in a search that lasted the entire day.
The reason for the raid stems from allegations made by the Oakland District Attorney that Destiny is an "illegal endless chain scheme, otherwise known as pyramid sales", said KRON-TV reporter Vic Lee.
In addition to the enforcement actions taken by the joint task force, the California Office of the Attorney General has also filed a civil complaint against the company, claiming "misleading advertising" and "unfair business practices."
Destiny spokesman Randy Jeffers denies all allegations of wrongdoing.