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Many times over the years, we at Japanese Auto Service are asked what steps should be taken to properly store a vehicle for a long period of time. Just within the last week I have been asked twice so I have decided to write the proper steps for storing a vehicle and what some of the misconceptions are. All of these recommendations are general recommendations and special requirements may be necessary for your vehicle and situation. Continue reading →
Colorado Emissions Testing – What To Do When You Fail
Emissions testing standards are getting tougher and tougher. We have seen a lot of vehicles recently fail for NOX due to this. At Japanese Auto Service, Wheat Ridge, we have one of the best technicians in the industry to diagnose … Continue reading →


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A First Aid Kit That Won't Clash With Your Decor
Like anything else, putting a first aid kit on the wall of your apartment has its pros and cons. While you want to be safe and provide speedy first aid to all your guests without digging around for the box, you also don't want a plastic eyesore destroying your home's chi. Understanding that things on your wall should look good, Best Made Company aims to merge great packaging, design, and safety with the Metal First Aid Kit.
There are large and small versions, depending on how accident-prone you are. Replete with everything you need to mend wounds that don't require a call for backup, the OSHA-approved kits come with wall-mounting brackets.
Though hopefully, all your supplies will stay looking like this. While this first aid kit is damn handsome, it's not something you look forward to using.
Ethan Wolff-Mann is the Gear editor of Supercompressor. He has used first aid kits on a semi-regular basis for over 20 years. Follow him on Twitter @ewolffmann.

subset: commoncrawl


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Be in little doubt, the Campagnolo Super Record 12-speed cassette offers incredible performance out on the road. With twelve cogs and smaller spaces between them, shifting up and down the cassette is crisp, and finding the perfect gear is a breeze. Thanks to the fixed spline design, stiffness of the cassette has been increased too and is especially noticeable in the largest sprockets. Despite the addition of an extra sprocket, this cassette still weighs in at an impressive 266 grams, making it a perfect match for any all-out Italian superbike.
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Training Event 06-09 April, Lusaka Zambia Due Diligence Certified Traning event in Lusaka, Zambia. April 06-07 for Due Diligence Certified credential April 08-09 for Anti-Corruption Certification credential. Please … Read More
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Mr. Files was asked a series of questions on the impact of the Banca Privada de Andorra scandal as well as what is in the future for Andorra as an OFC. As he say Andorra is not Switzerland - but Switzerland is … Read More
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Posts tagged Governor Greg Abbott
Texas Supreme Court Agrees to Take Up School Finance Trial
Jan 23rd - 11:17 am
Posted by Ryan Catanese in 84th Legislative Session
The state's highest court will rule on whether the way Texas pays for public schools is unconstitutional. The Texas Supreme Court announced Friday it will hear the state's sweeping school finance case.
More than 600 school districts sued the state back in 2011 after the legislature cut more than $5 billion in education funding. They argued budget cuts left them without the resources to meet academic standards, and said the gap between property-rich and property-poor school districts was too great. An Austin-based district judge ruled the cuts unconstitutional, but that ruling was appealed to the Supreme Court last year by then-Attorney General Greg Abbott.
Friday's court advisory also set up the timeline for the next step in the case. In all, there will be about six months for both sides to file briefs and replies before a date for an oral argument is set. That means the decision won't come until after the end of the legislative session. If the Texas Supreme Court upholds the unconstitutional ruling, the Legislature will have to come up with a new funding formula. That would require Governor Greg Abbott to call a special session.


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|Skinner North Classical School
The school hosts open houses throughout the year, to accommodate prospective families. Please check the school calendar for the date and time. If you cannot come to the open house but would like to get information regarding the school, please call the main office at 773-534-8500.


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Author(s): Gary Presland
This is the only up-to-date book available about the Eastern Kulin peoples. The Kulin nation lived around Port Phillip Bay and the Yarra River valley, and their territory stretched as far north as the Murray River at Echuca. Gary Presland looks at the Eastern Kulin peoples from before European invasion in the mid-1830s and their world which was changed forever. The Kulin, however, were able to survive and maintain something of their culture through a preparedness to alter their time-honoured practices. Although the culturally and spiritually rich traditional ways were gone, Kulin people maintained their connection to land and ultimately found a place within mainstream European society.


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If there is one regret I have about my wedding it's that I didn't take more time and do something really fun for my invitations. There are so many great fonts out there now a days you can literally create your own amazing invitations and save the date cards. Invitations usually play into the theme of your wedding. This is a great way to set the tone of your wedding day to your guests.
Below are some of my favorites that I found on Pinterest. I also included tons more on my Wedding Inspiration board on Pinterest. Don't forget to join us at the Stylish Patina Bride tweet-up TODAY 12pm-1pm #stylishpatinabride.


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Contemplation is usually depicted as the preparation of mental consideration that stirs us past molded and routine musings and uncovers to us the idea of reality feng shui megamall.…Continue reading »
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Adventures of the coupled Yang-Mills oscillators: I. Semiclassical expansion
Journal Article
We study the quantum mechanical motion in the x2y2 potentials with n ≤ 2, 3, which arise in the spatially homogeneous limit of the Yang-Mills (YM) equations. These systems show strong stochasticity in the classical limit (ℏ ≤ 0) and exhibit a quantum mechanical confinement feature. We calculate the partition function Z(t) going beyond the Thomas-Fermi (TF) approximation by means of the semiclassical expansion using the Wigner-Kirkwood (WK) method. We derive a novel compact form of the differential equation for the WK function. After separating the motion in the channels of the equipotential surface from the motion in the central region, we show that the leading higher order corrections to the TF term vanish up to eighth order in ℏ, if we treat the quantum motion in the hyperbolic channels correctly by adiabatic separation of the degrees of freedom. Finally, we obtain an asymptotic expansion of the partition function in terms of the parameter g 2ℏ4t3. © 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Full Text
Duke Authors
Cited Authors
- Matinyan, SG; Müller, B
Published Date
- January 6, 2006
Published In
Volume / Issue
- 39 / 1
Start / End Page
- 45 - 59
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
- 0305-4470
Digital Object Identifier (DOI)
- 10.1088/0305-4470/39/1/004
Citation Source
- Scopus


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Divorce isn't easy. And, if you've never been divorced before (or even if you have), there's probably a lot you don't know. That's not your fault. There's a lot to know, and the law is constantly changing. Besides that, it's very state specific, so even what you know from your friend's divorces doesn't necessarily translate to yours, in the here and now in Virginia. Besides, there are steps you can take now so that you can educate yourself, and make sure you know what you need to know about the … [Read more...]
What happens when you hire a Virginia divorce attorney?
Picking up the phone and calling an attorney, not knowing what you'll hear on the other end of the line, is scary. It's a big step, and you're afraid you're opening Pandora's box. What if you take a step that you can't take back later? And what do you know what they'll tell you on the other end of the line—that it costs $10,000, or some other ungodly number you can't fathom? What if they don't understand, don't sympathize, or make you feel stupid? What if you can feel their judgment … [Read more...]


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ARTICA and KOI shines in a penthouse in Dubai.
Manooi is very proud to be a part of this award-winning project in Dubai. The IDC Insignia received a prestigious Arabian Property Awards for the private penthouse at Le Rêve Tower. Situated at the very heart of the Dubai Marina district, the penthouse is the finest masterpiece of the cutting-edge residential design.
The KOI with its perfect geometric light is placed at the epicenter of the living room, emphasized by the false ceiling structure. Beautiful in its simplicity, this chandelier adds a signature touch to this interior implemented in classical style. The sitting area, perfect for the official purposes and family gatherings alike is arranged around the ellipse of ARTICA.


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BIG SKY (2020) TV Show Trailers: Katheryn Winnick 2020-09-24 10:41:49 Big Sky Trailers — Two TV show trailers for Big Sky (2020) have been released by ABC. Cast and crew Big Sky stars Kylie Bunbury, Katheryn Winn
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'Ottolenghi and the Cakes of Versailles' Review: Pastries 2020-09-24 14:42:43This documentary follows the star chef Yotam Ottolenghi as he assembles a crack team to make sweets for an event at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
BAFTA Takes Steps on Diversity, After All-White, All-Male 2020-09-24 14:32:59Voters in Britain's version of the Oscars will have to take unconscious bias training, and there will be a quota for women in the first round of
Ron Cobb, a Pioneer in Science Fiction Design, 2020-09-24 12:35:43An artist and movie production designer, he helped shape the aesthetics of science fiction with his work on movies including "Star Wars,"
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'Misbehaviour' Review: Pretty Women, Some Pretty Angry 2020-09-24 09:24:01This British comedy about a feminist protest against the 1970 Miss World contest stars Keira Knightley and Gugu Mbatha-Raw.
'Public Trust' Review: Saving National Lands 2020-09-24 07:00:09This documentary follows individuals pushing back against political forces that want to privatize federal lands.
'Myth of a Colorblind France' Review: Artistry Abroad 2020-09-24 07:00:07The documentary focuses on the history of African-American expatriates in France and the writings, paintings and music they made there.
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High-quality IT services such as public, private and hybrid cloud infrastructure as well as dedicated servers.
We provide OpenStack to our customers and we introduce it to other people.
Public Cloud built on top of the OpenStack services. Instances are deployable in multiple regions. We offer hourly and monthly payment types. Our compute services rely on KVM virtualization.
This product is OpenStack Powered. It contains OpenStack software and has been validated through testing to provide API compatibility for OpenStack core services. Learn more about the testing criteria and core services here.
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A Little About Us
They met in January 2006 at a Kinky Happy Hour not long after elizabeth began attending community events. At the time, they were each in other relationships but became close friends. They started having coffee after work several times a week while the famous Austin traffic died down. They debated about who was the best former American president (elizabeth still says Lincoln!), talked about their lives, and in general came to hold each other in high regard. Over the years, their relationships grew into much more than friends.
In December of 2007, Todd gave elizabeth a tiny little key as a birthday present. He explained that the key opened the lock of his collar. If she choose to keep the key, that was fine. If she wanted to return it to him, he would place his collar on her and she would never again have that key. She would always be his slave. Needless to say, in tears of joy she nearly threw the key back at him and they have been Master and slave ever since.
In October of 2008, Todd legally married elizabeth in front of their gathered friends and family. The ceremony was beautiful. The people were warm. The atmosphere was casual and enjoyable. None of that made us what we already were to one another as Master and slave, but it publicly honored it in a way that is culturally acknowledged.
Master Todd
Todd has been in active in the BDSM community since 2004 and a pervert for as long as he can remember. He is honored to have served as the Southwest Master 2013. He collared his slave, elizabeth, in December of 2007 and they live in a 24/7 Master/slave relationship. He is the Director of MAsT: Leander, Associate Member of Austin girls of Leather, and a correspondent for Leatherati.com.
slave elizabeth
Elizabeth identifies as a cisgender queer poly Leather switch. Since 2007 she has been first and foremost Master Todd's slave and in his service functions as his minion, sidekick and jester. In 2017 she accepted her girl kris into service. She is honored to have served as the Southwest slave 2013. In 2012 she founded the Austin girls of Leather (AgoL) and serves as the club leader. She is Master's level counselor who specializes in end of life and grief work. She advocates for LGBTQIA+ rights via presentations in both vanilla and kink settings. She serves the larger Leather community through teaching locally and around the country.


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Bluemont: Fire & Rescue NSW takes delivery of their first Hytrans mobile water supply unit
September 1, 2015
Bluemont: Fire & Rescue NSW takes delivery of their first Hytrans mobile water supply unit.
In August the unit, manufactured by Hytrans in The Netherlands, was delivered by Bluemont and features a 8,000 liters per minute pumping capability with easy (open) water access. The 1,600 metres of 150mm hose can be laid at 40 km per hour and recovered at a speed of 2 km per hour.
The Hytrans unit will enable FRNSW to tranfer bulk water quickly over large distances to feed fire appliances, monitors, temporary firewater reservoirs and aerial appliances. Or in case of flood: pump out tunnels, low lying parking garages and cellars. Initial training has started.
Other Australian users of Hytrans include most large petro-chemical companies (tank farms, refineries, ports) and Fire Brigade CFA in Victoria.


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George Whittell Jr. was married three times, this is one of the few things I can truly verify. However, finding out more about his first wife has been very difficult, as it was a tumultuous and strange affair.
From newspapers and other sources that vary in reliability, the following is what I could sketch out about Florence:
She was born in De Pere Wisc., in June of 1878. She was the daughter of a poor fisherman and worked as a waitress for two years before moving to New York. This is according to an article from the Minneapolis Journal in 1903 (during the marriage struggle with Whittell).
Her marriage to Whittell was not her first. When she was about 18 years old, she married Homer Hayes Selby (b.1876) in Chicago on October 13, 1899. This record can be found in the Cook County clerk's office. However, take a look at the announcement in The Journal News and notice her name. Another reason we cannot take what we read in the newspapers for certain:
Homer eventually went from prize-fighting to theater management and we find Florence and Homer living in New York for the 1900 census. You will also see that Rose and Mary Boyere, Florence's sisters, are living with them.
Rose was 19 with no occupation listed and Mary was 18 and listed as an actress. Most likely she worked at the theater that Homer was listed as managing. An interesting piece of information is that Florence was noted as being born in English Canada, her sisters are noted as born in Indiana. Another oddity is that it states that Mary and Rose's parents were from Indiana, but "Canada Eng" is noted for Florence's parents. Was this a typo on the part of the census taker? 1898 is listed as the year of naturalization for Florence.
We know that it would be only two years later that Florence would be entangled with the Whittell family. While I have not found evidence of the divorce from Homer, it seems that it did not take long for Homer to find a new wife, that being Rose Boyere. They are listed as married in subsequent censuses and a few articles make mention of this as the Whittell fiasco played out.
So how did George Whittell Jr. and Florence meet? That I am not sure of…but their marriage, or contract, or whatever you would like to call it played out in court for longer than their courtship…more to follow!
– Jesse


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Acid reflux relief starts with a good education. There are many natural ways you can take care of your acid reflux as well as other remedies. Reading this article will teach you what to do.
Eat your last meal three hours ahead of bedtime. In a seated position, food and secreted stomach acid is forced downward to your stomach. Laying down could cause acid to come back up. If you're up for a couple of hours before bed, you can digest your food.
Food can make your acid reflux problems worse. People often eat much faster than they should, and in higher quantities than is necessary. You will see a detriment to your health if you continue to eat this way with acid reflux. Eating smaller portions can really help with this. You need to eat slowly at the dinner table. Chew food carefully, and set your fork on the table between bites.
You are much less likely to have acid reflux if you are at your ideal weight. The weight of excess fat can press on your stomach, causing the esophageal sphincter to relax. Losing weight will tighten your sphincter, making the acid stay where it needs to stay.
It is important to stay upright while you eat and for two or three hours after you eat as well. If you lie down or recline, acid can move up your esophagus more easily as gravity isn't holding it down. As long as you sit up or stand up, you'll find that your esophagus feels better.
If you are active, you may notice your acid reflux flares up after strenuous activities. Try drinking more water. When you drink more water, your body is hydrated sufficiently. Also, water will help break down the food that you put in your body. Water can dilute the acid present in your stomach and make acid reflux less painful.
It's time to shed some pounds. One of the main causes of acid reflux is obesity. Lose some weight in your midsection to reduce the pressure on your stomach. Adopt a healthy diet that includes reasonable quantities of many different foods instead of going on a crash diet.
There are known food triggers for acid reflux symptoms. You should stay away from them if you want to minimize your symptoms. A few foods that frequently cause problems are tomatoes, milk, alcohol, acidic juices, coffee or spicy foods.
Moderate physical activity may assist with acid reflux. Moderate is the key here. Strenuous exercise is aggravating to the digestive tract, which can cause acid reflux, while moderate exercise does the opposite. These exercises will keep you upright, allowing gravity to facilitate your digestion. Exercise will also help you shed some extra pounds, another prime cause of acid reflux.
Slipper elm lozenges can be helpful. The active ingredient in the lozenge provides a protective coating for your digestive tract. This type of lozenge soothes the throat and relieves hoarseness and coughing that often accompany acid reflux. Health food stores generally carry this product.
When it comes to your body, you're the boss–not your reflux. You ought to, since the information in this piece has provided a firm foundation. Now you won't have to suffer ever again!


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Gegege no Nyoubou is a Japanese tv show from 2010, based on the autobiographical book (of the same title) by Nunoe Mura, Shigeru Mizuki's wife. The same year a movie was released using the same title, adapting the same book, but with a different casting.
First measure of popularity: a book on how it was to be your wife becomes a best seller and gets both tv and movie adaptations.
The show tells her life story, since she's a little kid until she's married to Mizuki and they have grown up kids. Her struggle to open up as child, moving to Tokyo, their first years trying to survive on the rental manga industry, the later boom of Mizuki's work, having and raising kids, life.
A lot of the anecdotes on the show were already present on some of Mizuki's mangas. Of the stuff that I could read, some stories are present in these: NonNonBa, Showa, Onward Towards Our Noble Deaths and Mizuki's Autobiography. Presumably, some of that material is also on Mura's book that I couldn't read, and in the movie adaptation, too.
All of these anecdotes have been told from slightly different angles, used to construct different arguments, in slightly different contexts. And I loved it every time. The joy of repetition.
The show was the first Asadora I watched. Started in the 60's, Asadora's are, as far as I can tell, a format unique to Japan: every episode is 15 minutes long, they air 8:00 am from Monday to Saturday and they last 26 weeks, so there are 2 every year. The one aired during the first half of the year is produced by NHK Tokyo and the second one by NHK Osaka. Every show stars a woman and presents her life journey. Again: the joy of repetition.
It was very tempting to compare the show, by theme, subject, preoccupations and, I guess, intended audience, to the (Argentinean and Colombian) soap operas I watched and loved when I was a kid. It's always an interesting feeling to find a familiar sense of warmth in something that seems so foreign.
Second measure of popularity: A few months ago I went to a Japanese Karaoke bar in New York. As I was walking down the hallway, I heard a girl singing, to the top of her lungs, the show's theme song. I opened the door and saw what looked like a bunch of Japanese business men and women, all singing along. I joined them for a verse and got a smile of approval. I continued my way to the bathroom and that was it.


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Early results indicate experimental gene therapies could illicit a cure for sickle cell disease (SCD), but many barriers to access remain, namely cost, experts reported during a recent webinar sponsored by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
At present, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant remains the only curative therapy available for patients with SCD. Newer transplant techniques include the use of mobilized blood stem cells, where stem cells are collected from the circulation using blood cell growth factors, explained Mark Walters, MD, of UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland in California.
The most promising experimental gene therapies currently undergoing clinical development are gene-addition and gene-editing therapies, he said. Another technique, in vivo gene editing to correct the sickle mutation, is also being investigated, but has not yet reached clinical development.
Gene-addition therapy
Gene-addition therapy is a technique where a fetal hemoglobin (HbF) or anti-sickling beta-hemoglobin gene is inserted into a hematopoietic stem cell to illicit a curative effect. In this technique, the corrective gene is harvested from a patient's own blood stem cells.
In patients with SCD, when HbF levels are elevated, the likelihood of sickling is reduced, resulting in a milder form of disease. As a result, raising HbF levels is a therapeutic target that forms the basis of several ongoing clinical studies.
The technique involves packaging an HbF rescue gene into a viral vector and coincubating the vector with a patient's own blood stem cells. Subsequently, the corrected stem cells are injected back into the patient to produce higher levels of HbF.
The ongoing phase 1/2 HGB-206 clinical study is evaluating this technique in patients aged 12-50 years with severe SCD in multiple centers throughout Europe and the United States.
In those treated thus far, initial results appear promising, Dr. Walters reported, with one patient experiencing a rise in Hb levels from 10.7 g/dL at 3 months to 15.0 g/dL at 15 months follow-up.
Dr. Walters also reported that some of these patients no longer exhibit any signs or symptoms of SCD, such as anemia or painful adverse events. While these initial findings are compelling, whether these benefits will be maintained is still unknown.
"While it's too early to call this a cure, if [these results] could be extended for 5, 10, or 15 years, I think everyone would agree that this would be a cure," he said.
This technique could be universally available, he said, since a patient's own blood stem cells are used. Other complications, such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or immune-related reactions, are negated with this form of therapy, he said.
Recent evidence has demonstrated that only about 20% of donor stem cells need to be corrected to illicit a very strong effect. This principle is now being applied in gene-editing techniques, as correcting every gene in every stem cell would be very challenging, Dr. Walters explained.
Gene editing
Another technique being investigated in SCD is gene editing, in which the fetal hemoglobin gene is "reawakened," or other techniques are used to correct the sickle gene directly, such as CRISPR-Cas9 technology, Dr. Walters said.


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"Unless we want to," I add. "You know, for fun,"
Sunday, September 8, 2019
For Fun
"That's new," Katie says, pointing out the new electronic sign that let's commuters at the entrance to the subway know how long until the next train arrives. "Now we don't have to throw ourselves down the stairs."
Posted by Scott Lee Williams at 12:25 AM
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It's a blistering hot morning in Western Australia's Kimberley region and the magnificent King Frederick Gorge is a shimmering azure.
"I could really just jump straight in," muses the woman next to me on the rubber Zodiac boat taking us from our cruise mother ship for a leisurely meander down the river.
There's a murmur of agreement from the other seven passengers on board until our expedition leader Mick Fogg, on the boat's tiller, overhears. "Please don't!" he implores. "It might look lovely, but you won't last long."
After all, he is taking us on a hunt to photograph saltwater crocodiles and, presumably, there'd be no surer guarantee of a fabulous action shot than if someone were to go for a quick dip – and a hyper-carnivorous apex predator loomed up in search of breakfast.
A few minutes later, we see exactly what he means. A three-metre croc is lazing on a rock ledge sunning itself, but keeping an eye open for a passing snack. Two crocs later, the no-swimming rule is underlined. A dead croc is floating in the water as an opportunistic tawny nurse shark suddenly swims up to tear strips off its corpse. This sure is nature, red in tooth and claw.
We're on an 11-day Darwin-to-Broome Traveller - APT small-ship cruise around one of the last great wildernesses on Earth, along with Antarctica, the Arctic and Canada's Boreal Forest. The Kimberley, however, has a definite edge in that it's warm, incredibly varied and it's in our own backyard. And those thousands upon thousands of saltwater crocs have become the unofficial guardians of the stunning 2000 kilometres of raw coastline, teeming with wildlife and dotted with islands, reefs, waterfalls and ancient Aboriginal rock art sites.
"Can you imagine all the hotels and resorts that would want to set up here if you could sit safely on the beach and swim in the water?" says naturalist Jamie Van Egmond, gesturing at the white sand and crystal clear ocean framed by the towering golden cliffs. "In some ways, we should be grateful to them ... "
Still, while there's water, water all around and not a drop to swim in, there is a natural – and blissfully croc-free – rock pool at the top of the Mitchell Falls plus, for the truly faint-hearted, there's always the pool back on the ship ...
Before boarding we explore Darwin and its fascinating war history sites – it was the target of the largest single attack mounted by an enemy on mainland Australia – with local war historian Dr Tom Lewis. Then we finish with an amazing lunch at Hanuman, the only one-hatted restaurant in the Northern Territory, and a Q&A with its enterprising founder, Jimmy Shu, who arrived from Sri Lanka with $50 in his pocket, the day before Cyclone Tracy hit in 1974.
Our French ship, L'Austral, has 220 passengers on board and an astonishing 144 crew; just over a 1.5 guests to each worker we quickly calculate. They include no fewer than 13 expert marine environmentalists, geologists and wildlife specialists so each of the 12 Zodiacs that will be going out exploring each day will have an expert at the helm.
Dinner is served in the two restaurants, the casual buffet on deck 6 and the formal a la carte dining room on deck 2. Later, there's live music and the documentary Planet Ocean to keep everyone entertained.
This is our only full day spent on the ship as we make our way into the Kimberley and a series of lectures lets us know what's in store. The Kimberley, we learn, is a 424,000 square kilometre wonderland of nature. Three times larger than England, it has burnished ochre cliffs with rock slabs up to 1.82 billion years old – pre-dating even fossils – and the most ancient art galleries on Earth, containing Aboriginal drawings five times older than Egypt's pyramids.
We'll be in one of the most sparsely populated places on the globe; there are only 39,000 locals in the Kimberley, or one person for every 11 square kilometres.
Yet while it's Australia's most rugged frontier country, it's suddenly accessible in a small ship, with a fleet of Zodiacs, or rubber duckies as they're affectionately known, to take us through the winding channels, under the waterfalls, up to the reefs and landing us on beaches that, with 18-metre tides, some of the highest recorded, can quickly disappear.
"This trip has been on my bucket list since I was at school," Melburnian Peter, 65, confides. "I can't believe I'm now actually here. I've travelled all over the world, but I feel like I've saved the best for last."
Peter has a hangover, thanks to his fair share of champagne at the gala dinner the previous night, but he's still thrilled to be here, he says. Looking out over the 80-metre cliffs that line the gorge we're heading for, with giant rocks teetering on their edges, I feel exactly the same.
We decamp in the early morning into a flotilla of Zodiacs to idle up the startlingly blue slice of river, admiring the weathered Warton sandstone that seems to change colour from orange to yellow to scarlet and purple as the light changes with the day.
In a fork of one tree jutting out from the cliff is a massive osprey nest, made of sticks and branches. It's quite likely to be the same nest noted in the diaries of some of the early Dutch explorers since the nests service many, many generations.
We also see eastern beekeepers and oyster catchers darting around above the mangroves, while shy sea turtles pop their heads up, brightly-coloured crabs scuttle around the rocks on beaches and there's a glimpse of a dugong, peering at us before diving back under.
We finally chug up to the King George Twin Falls, the highest single-drop waterfalls in Western Australia, which featured most memorably in Baz Luhrmann's movie, Australia. From our zodiac, we can look up and see the tiny figures of those who'd left earlier, having opted for the six-hour hike to the top of the falls.
Our helmsman today, Jamie Van Egmond, doesn't let us wallow in the guilt. "Anyone fancy experiencing what it's like underneath?" she asks. Enthusiastically, everyone nods and she steers the Zodiac into the rainbow shining across the falls and under the pummelling water.
There are shrieks at the chill of the water and everyone laughs, until we spot another Zodiac nearby. The driver waves us over. He's holding a tray of glasses of even chillier champagne. …
The ship travels overnight so we wake each morning to a new vista, and a fresh set of attractions to visit. Today, it's the turn of Jar Island, at the southern end of Vansittart Bay, named after traders' pottery discovered here.
We land by Zodiac on the picturesque little island whose size belies its fame. It's legendary for the Gwion Gwion-style Aboriginal art painted in ochre on the ceiling and walls of a cave at the top of a rocky outcrop of the King Leopold sandstone. Thought to date back at least 30,000 years, they are considered the oldest detailed depiction of human figures in the world. By comparison, the artworks found in Egypt's pyramids are a mere 4500 years old.
There's rather more recent history further along the coast: Koolama Bay, where the merchant vessel Koolama was bombed by the Japanese during World War II. There's a movie on board that describes the mutiny when the captain and first officer disagreed on whether to re-float the beached ship – or abandon it. Seeing the desolate area it's not hard to imagine the desperation of the crew.
That's equally true for our next shore expedition, this time across mudflats to view the wreckage of the C53 aircraft that crash-landed in 1942. The six passengers and crew all survived and, despite fearing they'd be attacked by the Japanese, were found and rescued four days later by a Qantas flying boat. The almost intact body of the plane, buried deep in a tangle of savannah bushland and Pandanus palms, is an eerie sight,
Bigge Island is … pretty big. It's also ruggedly interesting with beautiful pale beaches, plenty of weathered sandstone and dolerites, and its most thrilling possession – Aboriginal rock art of the Wandjina, including their post-contact white figures, sprinkled over many sites.
We visit three galleries, all hidden from the casual observer high in the hillsides. Each is more spectacular, and breathtaking, than the last.
Back on the ship, there's plenty to do. There are lectures from Mick Fogg, the expedition leader, and the naturalists, talks from Darwin historian Dr Tom Lewis and maritime expert Captain Peter Martin, and presentations (by yours truly) on the Australian outback and travel writing. In between there are documentaries about some of the places we're visiting.
By way of lighter entertainment, there are chocolate, wine and cake-tastings, Spanish lessons, fashion parades, recitals by the ship's extraordinarily talented young pianist, Roman Basiuk, music sessions and workshops on everything from origami to cooking, and dance shows, dance lessons and dancing itself.
Before dinner every evening – in either of the restaurants or with a series of meals hosted by the captain, his officers and special guests – there's a briefing about what we've just done, and an outline of what the next day holds. It's a great idea, and there's barely a seat free in the theatre whenever it takes place.
This harbour, at the southern end of the York Sound, opens directly into the Indian Ocean, at the end of the Hunter River. As we take an early morning Zodiac ride, the river's bathed in a golden light reflected off the cliffs as long-beaked Corellas and white-bellied sea eagles drift through the sky, fruit bats bicker in the trees, the mangroves on the banks rustle in the breeze and crocs slip soundlessly from the mud into the water.
Peter, from Melbourne, is also in my Zodiac and I ask him if the trip is living up to his expectations. "Oh, far beyond them!" he replies as tiny silver garfish dance across the surface. "I can't believe how magical it is." His face suddenly freezes and I look behind me to see that aforementioned tawny nurse shark savaging the body of a dead croc. "And in other ways," Peter continues, swallowing hard at the gruesome sight, "it's most unexpected …"
Naturalist Josh Coates isn't exactly reassuring. He talks about the enormous power crocs have in their tails and their jaws, how they can actually differentiate between humans and about the fact they have such exceptional memories that humans should always vary their routine when anywhere near them.
"They're cold-bloodied killers with personality," he says admiringly. "They can dive for up to two hours by slowing their heart rate and restricting their blood flow ..."
Peter spends the rest of the ride looking around anxiously.
Later that day, we set off again in a different Zodiac to a nearby beach, where we're picked up by helicopters to be whisked over the incredible wide landscapes of the Kimberley for a dazzling 25 minutes before reaching the Mitchell Falls, a stunning four-tiered waterfall.
There, we disembark and explore the escarpment with its tremendous views of the falls rushing down the red rocks into the oasis of blue-green water beneath. Nearby there's a croc-free rock pool of fresh water for a welcome swim, before the equally thrilling flight back to the ship.
Today, we see one of Australia's great natural wonders – a gigantic reef of about 400 square kilometres which becomes partially submerged by massive 10-metre tides then emerges as a never-never land of cascading curtain waterfalls, whirlpools, lagoons, mangroves and all manner of water creatures.
The scene of more shipwrecks than anyone really knows and, with still most of its bulk unchartered, this truly awe-inspiring phenomenon is not found anywhere else in the world. "It actually is the last frontier," says today's Zodiac guide and wildlife expert, Tim Harvey. "But it's probably much more dangerous for the wildlife. So much of it is marooned when the tide goes out, and ready to be picked off by predators."
Later, at Raft Point, we land on an island and receive a welcome from the local Aboriginal custodians, who paint ochre on our faces and give us permission to hike up to another Aboriginal rock art gallery. The paintings here have been touched up over the years by the descendants of the first families and offer a stunning insight into an ancient land and precious way of life.
British naturalist Sir David Attenborough once visited this place, and declared its horizontal falls as "one of the greatest wonders of the natural world". I'm not going to argue.
With Cyclone Creek's dramatic cliffs soaring up to 110 metres high and huge tides, there are two narrow breaks in the 1.9-billion-year-old McLarty Range where, when the tide turns, seawater on one side can't flow quickly enough to match the rise or fall, creating a four-metre-high waterfall. As we marvel at a million litres of water per second pouring through the gap, a rock wallaby hops up the river bank, a massive wedge-tailed eagle searches for breakfast and a hammerhead shark circles hopefully.
Then, as the tide falls, we pile into a high-powered fast boat – this time to squeeze through the seven-metre gap and ride the furious surge. I can see Peter's knuckles are white on the back of the chair in front and a few women scream at the top of their lungs.
Freshwater Cove is a treasured place for the Worrorra people and we're welcomed on to their land with a ceremony. There's a beautiful fine white sand beach and then a picturesque walk – and scramble – to more rock art galleries. On our way back, a smoking ceremony makes sure we don't take any evil spirits back with us.
Several passengers buy artworks direct from the people who made them. "This is something that will always remind me of a very special place," declares one woman. "I can't think of a better memento."
Later, we take the Zodiacs through a maze of three-metre-high sandstone pillars that locals believe are warriors killed in a great battle at the time of the world's creation. They look eerily like the terracotta warriors of China – except that these are much, much older.
The final day of our cruise is spent zipping around a few of the 800 islands off the coast, at the head of King Sound. Here, the mangrove-fringed islands are weathered by tides that rise by as much as 12 metres. An almost dream-like silence falls over us as we drift on the currents back and forwards in time.
Life snaps back into the 21st century as soon as we board the ship for the last time. It's time for farewell cocktails with the captain and his crew, a gala dinner, dancing and a Parisian Moulin Rouge-style show.
It's hard to leave the ship, but it's time for a tour of Broome, a corrugated iron town set on one of the world's most beautiful strands, Cable Beach, and a final lunch at the Cable Beach Resort.
"So what's the final verdict?" I ask Peter. He shakes his head. "That was magnificent," he says finally. "Just incredible. But I really wouldn't mind doing it all over again … "
The dashing French Ponant captain Erwann Le Rouzic walks down the steps during the L'Austral's welcome cocktails function, dressed in dazzling white to the rousing strains of Pirates of the Caribbean.
He has an aura of stardom around him, and the kind of genuine charisma that An Officer and A Gentleman's Richard Gere could only attempt to imitate.
"Ah, but this is showbusiness," he says later in his soft French accent, sitting in his office on deck four of the ship. "We like to have a bit of fun. Being the captain of a cruise ship is a little bit more glamorous than being a bus driver, but we like to play."
And the passengers certainly respond. They quickly form a queue stretching way back down the corridor to have a photo taken with him.
"We just love having Australians on board," says Le Rouzic, 46. "They like to have fun and they are curious about the world and have a very positive view of the world around them."
Le Rouzic has plenty of experience of all nationalities during his 12 years captaining cruise ships visiting the Kimberley, Antarctica, Alaska, Japan and the Baltics. He adores Antarctica, but the Kimberley comes very close.
"I love cruising the Kimberley as the scenery is really breathtaking; it's beautiful," he says.
"Then you have the Indigenous people who are very, very interesting and, like Antarctica, you have the wildlife. But it is easier to get closer to penguins than it is to crocodiles …"
Sue Williams travelled as a guest of APT and Traveller.
Qantas, Virgin and Jetstar fly to Darwin. If you cruise in the opposite direction, Qantas and Virgin fly to Broome.
For departures in 2019, APT's 11-day Kimberley Coast Cruise from Broome to Darwin starts from $10,795 per person, which includes a saving of $2400 per couple. It is also possible to pair cruises with a 4WD land tour. See aptouring.com.au
See also: Australia's weirdest natural wonder, according to Attenborough
See also: Photos: Stunning images of the Kimberley's record-breaking wet


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A workaround that many blogs are telling readers is to change the Apple Watch region settings. But this is a pain in the a$$.
How to Fix the "Date and Time" macOS High Sierra Bug
Over the last couple of weeks, Melissa Holt has come across a weird date and time bug that's affecting users after updating to macOS High Sierra (or migrating to a new machine). In this Quick Tip, she's got the details on how to squash this bug (and what you might look for if your problem persists).
Change the way macOS Displays Date and Time
Another hidden gem of a setting, you don't even need to use the Terminal to change your date and time display preferences.


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Hardware Engineer
Location : Luton
Salary : £34,000 - £40,000
A global aerospace and defence organisation is looking for a Hardware Engineers at all levels to execute high performance signal processing, communications and control algorithms for use on self- protection systems installed on fast jet, UAV, land and naval platforms.
You will get the opportunity to develop your skills in mixed signal ADC/DAC and FPGA based designs whilst working with a highly skilled design team.
Skills and Qualifications - Hardware Engineer
We will support your personal development with training and help you to work towards professional accreditation if you wish.
You should ideally have a first degree (2.1 or above) in Electronic Engineering or Physics.
Click "Apply Now" to find out more !


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2016 Best & Worst Cities for People With Disabilities
A new analysis is ranking the nation's most populated cities based on how desirable they are for people with disabilities. The listing comes from the personal finance website WalletHub, which assessed 25 factors ranging from availability of doctors to employment rates and park accessibility, in order to compile the ranking of 150 locales across the country.
WalletHub said its ranking is designed to "determine the most disability-friendly locations in America" by looking at a cross-section of economic factors, quality of life issues and access to health care for those with disabilities. WalletHub said it examined each city across 25 key metrics, ranging from "number of physicians per capita" to "rate of employed people with disabilities" to "park accessibility." Extra consideration was given to pay for individuals with disabilities in each city as well as the number of people within this population living in poverty.
Huntington Beach and Irvine were the only California cities to crack the top ten. Modesto, Sacramento, Bakersfield and Santa Clarita, were California cities that ranked 13, 14, 15 and 16, respectively. San Francisco ranked 26, while Oakland ranked 110. San Jose came in at 57. Click here for the full ranking.
Sources for the article: "Cities Named Most Disability-Friendly" by Shaun Heasley, October 12, 2016, Disability Scoop; 2016's Best & Worst Cities for People with Disabilities by Richie Bernardo, Sep 27, 2016 WalletHub


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(I realize this is really weird and she may be one
of the few her age who even know what a birth tub is)
Posted by kate at 8:54 PM
Great pictures - you feel huge, I think you look fantastic. I've never seen a birthing tub... Ok, I wasnt' going to ask for fear of looking like a complete idiot, but it's for people?
I love seeing the pics of the girls! So hysterical seeing Eloise in the tub. Its good to see what you look like. Only two weeks and I can see the difference. That's amazing!
You DO look great Kate!
Jess has that puppet and my kids 'would' recognize that tub but (don't take this the wrong way) but they would call it a cattle trough. That is exactly what we use for our cows to drink out of...LOL. Hey...whatever works!
You look FAB and only your tummy is big. Sam is ready to come out and meet his family! Love you.
My kids know about the birth tub, too, and it is a very special and sacred place:) That is a wonderful pic of Eloise.
awww look at baby sam!! i think he might be ready to come out very soon friend!!
and loving all your sweet moments :)
Julie - it's what shelby said. A cattle trough...but for people. We line it with plastic and I labor in it but don't give birth. It's to hard to get comfy.
Shelby - my parents have one on their farm and the girls called it that too :) so funny.
So glad to see you're focusing on the sweet moments and not letting the worry overtake you!
So fun! It looks like you are making the most of the summer! Only a little bit longer! I love the floaties that the girls are in at the pool... where did you get those?
Kristine - we bought the floaties at Target but I think you can get them anywhere. Costco too. They come rolled up in a circle in a cute carrying case and then you blow up the inside and outside. They can't climb out and they are very stable, we love them.


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Joshua, God's ordained killer
Was Joshua Justified in Exterminating the Whole Population of Jericho?
# The priest initiated any war by reminding the Israelites that Yahweh fights for them. This clearly shows the war's sacred character (Deuteronomy 20:2-4) -- that is, this is God's war. He fights through His people.
# Cities outside the land of Palestine do not need to be entirely destroyed, but attacks on cities inside the land require destruction of all life (Deuteronomy 20:10-18). This practice is known as the "ban" or "herem". To put a city under the ban was to devote its occupants to Yahweh for destruction. It is often translated "completely destroyed" or "devoted" (Deuteronomy 20:17, 2:34, 7:2; Joshua 6:17, 8:26).
# They are specifically to show no pity to inhabitants of the land (Deuteronomy 7:1-2). That this needed to be commanded by Moses shows that these wars cannot be explained as cases where man's sinful violence is used by God to accomplish His purpose. God believes they will not want to fully carry out His directions, so He warns the Israelites against pity!
So what about war in the Old Testament?
Another troubling aspect of war in the Old Testament is the way the nation was called to mop up when a battle was over. In Joshua 6:15-21 , we see Israel called to kill all of the people, and destroy all of the spoils. Some of the reasons given for this are:
- If the victory is God's, the people shouldn't benefit. Victorious armies normally collected slaves, animals and other booty.
- If the defeated enemy is allowed to live, their pagan religions might influence the Israelites.
- The defeated army deserves to die because they are fighting God and God's people.
Q: In Josh 6:21 and so forth, how can you justify God commanding the Israelites to kill all the Canaanites?
A: The answer is brief and simple to say, but it might require a paradigm shift before you can understand. The answer is simply: God can do whatever He wants. The following explanation (hopefully) will help you understand the answer. Regardless of whether you agree that God can do what He wants, or like the answer, at least you can fully understand all that is meant by this answer.
Answer Yes or No
(Yes/No) Would God be just if He made people's lifespan longer?
(Yes/No) Would God be just if He made people's lifespan shorter?
(Yes/No) When it was time for some one to die, would God be just to choose whatever means He wished?
(Yes/No) Would God be just if He let some people live longer than others?
If you answered No to any of the above, cite the relevant legal statute, if any, along with the authority behind that statute.
Now let's briefly look at a very extreme, and untrue, example. Pretend for a moment that God decided that every person in North America would die when they were exactly ten years old. Supposed the manner of death was to be killed by the nine year olds. Would God be unjust? If so, on what basis? God is not a citizen of the United States, Canada, or any other country. Even if God was subject to our laws (which He is not), our laws do not try to legislate what God can do any more than they legislate what is permitted for tornadoes and hurricanes.
If you are going to say this extreme example, or any other for that matter, was unjust, you have only one possible basis for saying so. It is that since God's character is good and what He has spoken is all true, an example could be shown to be unjust of God if and only if it was inconsistent with all He revealed about His character and ways.
Fortunately God is not like the extreme example. The Bible saying that God is loving does not "force" God to be loving. Rather, God was loving first, and freely desired to express to us that He was loving, along with being just, holy, and having wrath. God is asking you to follow Him, but He is not begging you. If you do not like this, you can go your own way and God will go His. But consider where your own way will lead….
Joshua, Calvin, and Genocide
By Ronald Goetz
In fairness to Calvin, it must be acknowledged that as a human being he did recoil from the work of extermination reported in Joshua. He did not hold it to be a paradigm of "Christian" warfare, and indeed he argued that apart from the "command of God … it would have been barbarous and atrocious cruelty had the Israelites gratified their own lust and rage in slaughtering mothers and their children. Nevertheless, an otherwise "indiscriminate and promiscuous slaughter" is not what it appears when it is done in accordance with the divine will. The annihilation of Jericho "might seem an inhuman massacre, had it not been executed by the command of God. But as he, in whose hands are life and death, had justly doomed those nations to destruction, this puts an end to all discussion."
But not even the hard-nosed Calvin could let the matter rest at this, for be felt that some explanation of the divine judgment was required...
Why couldn't Calvin let the matter rest with his authoritarian a priori defense of God's alleged commandments? Who can dispute the claim that God acts in mysterious ways? If God is perfect, so also are God's commands. Our incapacity for understanding God's ways, our actual abhorrence in the face of the apparent monstrousness of some of these "divine" demands, is emblematic of a failure from our side--not God's. "Whatever my God ordains is right." Therefore given such a premise, no justification of God is needed; indeed, it is presumptuous. Yet Calvin attempts to justify God. Given such clear-cut difficulties, what drives him to try this dubious defense of God which appeals to a human sense of fight and wrong, when an a priori assertion of the essentially incomprehensible divine fiat is logically unassailable?....
the sovereign mysteriousness of God is always a useful "ace in the hole." Still, argument from ignorance, or argument which rests its case in mystery, loses in existential and historical pertinence what it gains in metaphysical invulnerability. ...
In the popular text, The Book of the Acts of God, G. Ernest Wright comes to grief on the Joshua question. He accepts as valid the central conviction of the Deuteronomic historians, which is also a fundamental belief of almost every writer in the Old Testament, that is, Yahweh delivered Israel from Egyptian bondage and gave her the land of Canaan. Wright toys with such mitigating notions as the alleged immorality of the Canaanites and also, quite remarkably, points to the silver lining behind the clouds of Canaanite defeat. Eventually it was a "great thing" that they should taste defeat, for "in the long run" their surviving descendants (later to be called Phoenicians) became an immensely successful trading nation." A divine consolation prize?
After these preliminary observations Wright gets to the brute question itself. "Did God actually tell Joshua to carry out such terrible slaughter?" Wright's answer is equivocal. On the one hand, God cares what happens in history; indeed God controls the "direction of history to his own ends," but we are responsible for the sin and destruction which actually occur in the very history which furthers God's purpose. Somehow divine control is to be divorced from divine responsibility. "To say that God is in control, even of our wars and cruelty, does not mean that he is responsible for the way in which men carry them on."
Not realizing that it would all work out to be a "great thing" in the long run, that his great, great, great grandchildren would one day get rich, how are we to imagine that the Canaanite, surveying the slaughtered bodies of less fortunate children, would respond to the notion that the God who turned Israel loose upon Canaan is not responsible for the carnage?...
One might argue with some point that the slaughters purported of Joshua were exaggerated, that it was a Deuteronomic reverie--a grotesque exaggeration. Or one can argue that even when the hérem was carried out, it was never God's command, rather a barbaric and excessive act which misunderstood the actual divine will. Both approaches have a limited validity. Nevertheless if God acts in history to advance the divine will, and if a people was chosen as obviously fallible as the Israelites, God is in some sense responsible when they act with the excessive zeal and indisputably, God is responsible for the war in Canaan. Perhaps it could have been more cleanly fought, but if God "gave" Israel the promised land, then how can one dispute God's culpability in the instigation of Israel's war in which Israel laid claim to God's "inheritance?" Surely the Canaanites were not to be talked into leaving voluntarily. (One is reminded of the "voluntary" exodus of the modern Palestinian Arabs from the modern Israeli State.) Indeed not just in the case of Canaan, but generally to say that God acts in history is to imply at very least that not only the merciful triumphs of God's will, but also the wreckage of history are God's doing and God's terrible burden. Yet this is precisely what many Old Testament apologists will not admit. Usually only the outsiders, those unbelievers who call for a rejection of the biblical message on grounds of inhumanity, are willing to see what is so obvious to even the most naive reader of the Old Testament. And that is that the God spoken of in that terrible book is mighty in war --a Holy Terror...
We are quite revolted by the policy of the total annihilation of Israel's enemies done to the glory of God and are quick to turn to the teachings of Jesus as if they afford us a kind of absolute authority which requires us as "Christians" to reject the brutality of Joshua. We find the New Testament witness to the incredible love of our Lord a useful ground for defense of the biblical faith against the charge of inhumanity which critics of Christianity bring to bear against the Old Testament. We cling to the love of Christ as proof of our humanity. Indeed we use the love of Christ as a facade behind which to hide, both from our critics and from ourselves-the fact that we have more in common with the ethics of Joshua than the ethics of Jesus. America is a nation of invaders who with the conviction of their own manifest destiny all but exterminated the Indian nations. Granted we occasionally feel pangs of guilt-alas, it is conveniently too late. Having got what we wanted, remorse is a masochistic luxury we can well afford....
Expositor's Bible Commentary (EBC), Joshua
Special Problems
a. The Annihilation of the Canaanites
The single greatest problem in the Book of Joshua is the extermination of the Canaanites. Men, women, and children were included among the things that were to be "devoted to the LORD" (6:17; cf. NIV mg.).
The Moabite Stone from the ninth century B.C. bears evidence that this practice was not unique to Israel in the ancient Near East. Inscribed on the stone is King Mesha's boastful report that he had destroyed all the inhabitants of Ataroth as a sacrifice to his god (ANET, p. 320).
This was not the first instance of the practice in Israel. In Numbers 21:2-3, the Israelites vowed to "totally destroy" (haram) the cities of the Canaanites in the Negev if God would give Israel victory over them.
A common but unsatisfying explanation of this difficult moral problem is that Israel was mistaken in thinking that God had commanded such indiscriminate slaughter. It is pointed out that this practice was not carried out consistently in the Conquest (many exceptions are reported in Judges), nor was it practiced by Israel in later years.
This, however, does not explain the theology of Deuteronomy, Joshua, and Judges. The text (Josh 6:17, 21; Deut 20:17; Judg passim) clearly states that the command to destroy the Canaanites came from God himself, and the Israelites are reproved for their failure to obey it (cf. Ps 106:34-42).
God was careful to point out that he was not arbitrarily destroying the Canaanites just to give the land to Israel. The wickedness of the inhabitants of Canaan was the reason why God was removing them; and if Israel proved unfaithful, she too would be removed from the land (as happened in the Exile). Genesis 15:16 records a profound statement in which God tells Abraham that his descendants will have to wait four generations to take over the land because "the sin of the Amorites has not yet reached its full measure." God would not favor Israel in a way that was unfair to others.
A part of the wonderful omnipotence of God is that he works sovereignly in history to punish the wicked and to reward the righteous: "The Lord knows how to rescue godly men from trials and to hold the unrighteous for the day of judgment" (2 Peter 2:9).
The extermination of the Canaanites is but one of the many evidences in the Bible, as well as in real life, that evil is real and that the Devil exists. Evil does not flee at the snap of one's fingers. The struggle with sin and the Devil took the Son of God to the cross. There was no easy victory even for him. Only by his suffering and death has he overcome evil once and for all. Those who will not be separated from their sin by repentance will be destroyed with their sin, as Jesus said, "If you do not believe that I am the one I claim to be, you will indeed die in your sins" (John 8:24).
God's severity in his treatment of sin and of sinners is but the obverse side of his grace and love. Sin and evil destroy the people he loves and prevent the full establishment of his glorious kingdom.
One of the most telling objections to the slaughter of the Canaanites is raised against God's use of the Israelites as instruments of his judgment. Perhaps this was done to impress on the Israelites the truth that "the wages of sin is death" (Rom 6:23). The explanation given in the Wisdom of Solomon (12:3-11) is very thought provoking. It says that God chose to annihilate the Canaanites little by little, rather than all at once, to give them opportunity to repent.
The most difficult thing to understand is the slaughter of innocent children. We must remember that death is not the ultimate destiny of the human race, nor is it the greatest evil. Someday God will give a full explanation, which is something that only he can do.
The Law of Love and the Sixth Commandment
The single commandment from that second table most obviously relevant to the questions at hand is, of course, the sixth: "You shall not kill." But what, exactly, does the sixth commandment prohibit? Does it prohibit all taking of human life? Does its stark and simple form imply that taking another human's life is always and everywhere immoral? Or, rather, does it prohibit only the wrongful taking of human life? Does it starkly and simply imply that all murder is wrong?
An examination of the Hebrew verb in Exodus 20:13 is not immediately conclusive. Though a few translators, and many interpreters, have rendered it "murder," suggesting that the commandment is directed not against all killing, but only against all wrongly motivated killing, the verb itself (r_sah) is elsewhere used in the Old Testament for even unintentional, apparently accidental and unmotivated, killing (Deut. 4:41-3; 19:1-13; Josh. 20:3, etc.). This might lead one to think that if, in the eyes of God, not only murder, but also "involuntary manslaughter" is always wrong, then surely no war stands much of a chance of being pleasing in God's sight.
What is quickly apparent, however, is that the committing of an act normally wrong, even an act simply and explicitly forbidden in one of the Ten Commandments, is not always and under every circumstance wrong. After all, one often noted and vexing fact about the Old Testament is that the same God who commands the Israelites not to kill (in the sixth commandment) elsewhere commands them in detail to kill the enemy (I Sam. 15:3, etc.). Indeed, the very verb under consideration (r_sah) used in the sixth commandment against killing is used in a commandment to kill in the infliction of capital punishment in Numbers 35:30.
A final note on r_sah. In some of the prophetic and wisdom writings, r_sah does seem to refer (disapprovingly) to that complex of wrong motive, act, and primary intention we call murder (e.g., in Hosea 6:9, Job 24:14, and Ps. 94:6).
Thus, our conclusion is that a mere reading of the Hebrew text in Exodus 20:13 is only a beginning. Even a comparative word study of r_sah is insufficiently illuminating. For, in the first place, the referent of this verb is clearly not confined to what we could call murder—though it does sometimes refer to murder. In the second place, though the verb is generally used in the sixth commandment to prohibit "killing," it is also specifically used (in Numbers 35:30) to command (a special sort of) killing. Since God never commands the performance of an action which is, in that case, wrong, we may conclude that the doing of what r_sah refers to (let alone what the two other Hebrew verbs we translate "to kill" refer to) is not always wrong. At the very least, it has not always been wrong. Still, this does not tell us nearly as much as we want to know with respect to our present questions about the Christian and war. The only thing we are so far safe in assuming is something we already knew before studying Exodus 20:13, viz., that murder, no matter what Hebrew verb we may be translating, is nowhere countenanced in the Old Testament. To take another human life for the wrong reason is, clearly, always wrong. Both the sixth commandment and the Lord's summary command which includes it ("Love your neighbor as yourself") plainly proscribe at least murder.
The question at the heart of the Christian-and-war issue is, however, whether every killing, including every killing in wartime, is an instance of murder. Does the Old Testament, particularly, regard every killing as wrong killing? As we have already seen above with respect to Numbers 35:30, (many additional passages could be adduced), it does not. Does the Old Testament, then, regard every killing in war as wrong killing? Again, clearly not. The Old Testament documents report that the Israelites were sometimes commanded by God to destroy God's enemies by the sword. The books of Joshua, Judges, and particularly I Samuel abound with examples of such commands. These incidents have troubled the church for centuries. Some early and enduring heresies have sprung from what their founders took to be intolerable implications about the nature of the Old Testament God found in these incidents. Surely, we who confess a Reformed doctrine of biblical inspiration are not ready to scrap or to explain away these troublesome passages about the war-like God of the Old Testament. Still this does not tell just what relevance they have, in the new age of Christ, for a statement on the Christian's proper attitude toward war. For one thing, we have no modern nation, no sovereign states which are also identical with the people of God. We have no theocracies. In fact, we regard all tendencies to claim a special national alliance with God as idolatrous and wicked. The particular relationship which obtained, then, between God and Israel now obtains between God and no modern nation. It obtains, in fact, only between God's Christ and his church. But the church does not engage in earthly, physical warfare.
For another consideration, we must reflect on the fact that even if we had some modern nation privileged as Israel was to be true church and state at once, we still would not necessarily know how to identify it or what to do with the celebrated Old Testament war passages. Does it follow from the fact that God once commanded war with the Israelites as his army that he now favors (say) the Germans? Again should we not be at once suspicious if a modern Chinese prophet, singularly godly in an atheist country, reported that God had commanded the Red Chinese to attack the United States as a judgment on our apostasy? The truth is that we are rightly wary of any modern reports of God's command to some one nation to attack and destroy some other nation or nations.
In the third place, consider again the difficulty of applying the Old Testament war passages to our modern situation. Suppose God once told the Israelites to slay not only men and warrior-men, but also "women, infant and suckling . . . " (I Samuel 15:3). Does it follow that we may do things like that today? Nowadays, soldiers who kill unarmed women and children are often tried and punished by courts of their own country.
This leads to a fourth, and perhaps the most important, consideration. What God wills for our moral lives shows progression. The history of God's deeds and of God's words is a history which always moves toward a better match between God's perfect will and his commands to stubborn, sinful, and blind human beings. It was one of the great insights and one of the persistent themes of such Reformed thinkers as John Calvin that God continually accommodates himself to us in the history of his dealings with us. He leads us along. What he may allow early because of certain desperate historical circumstances or because of our "hardness of heart" (cf. Mark 10:2-9) may not always be allowed—let alone commanded.
One difficulty in this book arises out of the command given by God to completely exterminate the Canaanites.
Liberal theologians see this as an ethically unjustifiable order to commit genocide, which is inconsistent with the overall view in the Hebrew and Christian scriptures of God as a loving, compassionate Creator. They see it as a theological polemic, with the majority of events invented during or after the Babylonian captivity, to encourage faithfulness to the Jewish creed at a time when it was being threatened. For instance, Morton (pp. 324-325) says that Joshua "should be understood as a rite of ancient peoples (Israel among them) whereby within the context of their times, they attempted to please God (or the gods)".
Conservative theologians, who see the book as a historically accurate account written during or soon after the life of Joshua, give one of the following explanations to this problem:
- War was an essential part of the history of the Near East in the fifteenth century BCE. Although it is still sinful, some commentators argue that the book shows God using sinful activities in order to accomplish his just purposes. This does not mean that God supports war, simply that he works with humans as they are. These commentators emphasise what they see as the depraved nature of Canaanite society, pointing to archaelogical evidence of practices such as child sacrifice (burning the infant victims alive). For instance, Hallam, who takes this view, lists a number of pieces of archaeological evidence to support this thesis: "Just a few steps from this temple was a cemetery, where many jars were found, containing remains of infants who had been sacrificed in this temple . . . Prophets of Baal and Ashtoreth were official murderers of little children." "Another horrible practice was [what] they called `foundation sacrifices.' When a house was to be built, a child would be sacrificed, and its body built into the wall. . . . The worship of Baal, Ashtoreth, and other Canaanite gods consisted in the most extravagant orgies; their temples were centers of vice. . . . Canaanites worshiped, by immoral indulgence, . . . and then, by murdering their first-born children, as a sacrifice to these same gods." However, some of this evidence is disputed, with others arguing that it may have been invented at a later date in order to justify the act of extermination. Also, according to biblical text, God commanded in many cases the slaughter of every child, as well as the adults, of a defeated people.
- Christian theologians have tended to emphasise what they see as the progressive nature of revelation in the Bible. As the Bible progresses, God is seen to reveal himself in ways that are fuller, clearer and more accurate, culminating in the ultimate revelation of God in Jesus Christ. God's command through Joshua to take possession of the land by force of arms is viewed in the context of God's command through the second Joshua, Jesus Christ, to bring about his kingdom through the peaceful application of his teaching.