text:
Application no. 35179/97
by Inga ALLARD
against Sweden
The European Court of Human Rights (First Section), sitting on 22 May 2001 as a Chamber composed of
Mrs W. Thomassen, President,
Mrs E. Palm,
Mr Gaukur Jörundsson,
Mr R. Türmen,
Mr C. Bîrsan,
Mr J. Casadevall,
Mr R. Maruste, judges,
and Mr M. O. Boyle, Section Registrar,
Having regard to the above application introduced with the European Commission of Human Rights on 27 November 1996 and registered on 6 March 1997,
Having regard to Article 5 § 2 of Protocol No. 11 to the Convention, by which the competence to examine the application was transferred to the Court,
Having regard to the observations submitted by the respondent Government and the observations in reply submitted by the applicant,
Having deliberated, decides as follows:
The applicant is a Swedish national, born in 1947 and living in Spånga. She is represented before the Court by Mr P. Lindquist, a lawyer practising in Tyresö. The respondent Government are represented by Mrs E. Jagander, Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
A. The circumstances of the case
The facts of the case, as submitted by the parties, may be summarised as follows.
In 1935 the applicant's mother and her four siblings jointly inherited two estates – Marum 1:6 and Marum 1:8 – from their father. The ownership of the estates, consisting of several islands in the archipelago of Stockholm, were then over the years partly passed on to other members of the family. Disagreements arose between the family members. Some of them wished to divide the property (klyvning) and, thus, dissolve the joint ownership, but the applicant's mother opposed this idea.
On the land managed by the applicant's mother – which formed part of Marum 1:8 – she owned a number of houses. Two of the houses were used by the applicant's two sisters. A third house situated on the property was considered too small for the applicant's needs and it was, therefore, decided to enlarge it. Thus, the applicant applied to the Building Committee (byggnadsnämnden) of Österåker for a building permit. On 9 September 1987, finding that the enlargement could not be accepted as the house in question was situated too close to the shore, the Committee nevertheless granted a permit for the erection of a new house further away from the shore. The new house was erected in 1988.
On 4 August 1989 the applicant's mother died, leaving four children, i.e. the applicant, her brother and her two sisters. However, no distribution of the mother's estate was made before 1991. By a partial division in June 1991, the new house was assigned to the applicant.
On 21 December 1989 practically all the other joint owners of the two estates instituted proceedings against the applicant in the District Court (tingsrätten) of Södra Roslag, claiming that she be obliged to remove the new house on Marum 1:8 as it had been erected without their consent, contrary to the requirements of the Act on Joint Ownership (Lagen om samäganderätt, 1904:48; "the 1904 Act"). The applicant opposed the claim and argued, inter alia, that it was her mother who had built the house and that, accordingly, it belonged to her mother's estate. Thus, the applicant was not the right adversary party to the claim.
By a judgment of 10 May 1990 the District Court decided that the applicant was to remove the house, at the risk of having it demolished at her expense. The court stated, inter alia, that it was the applicant who owned the house and that she had erected it without the necessary permission from all the other joint owners.
In 1991 one of the joint owners applied for a sale of Marum 1:6 and Marum 1:8 at a public auction. On 22 May 1992 the District Court decided to stay those proceedings.
On 22 February 1994 the District Court's removal judgment was upheld on appeal by the Svea Court of Appeal (Svea hovrätt).
The applicant appealed to the Supreme Court (Högsta domstolen) requesting, inter alia, that the case be declared dormant pending the outcome of division proceedings which she had instituted in October 1990. In these proceedings, the applicant claimed that the joint ownership of the two estates should be dissolved and individual plots be assigned to the family members. Following several decisions taken by the Real Estate Formation Authority (Fastighetsbildningsmyndigheten; "the REFA") and the courts, the case had been referred back to the REFA for re-examination and, on 1 December 1995, the REFA had decided to allow the creation of four individual plots on Marum 1:8. However, the REFA had rejected the applicant's claim for the creation of an individual plot around the new house on account of the Court of Appeal's judgment that that house be removed. The applicant had appealed against the REFA's decision to the Real Estate Court (fastighetsdomstolen) in Stockholm. As an alternative ground for declaring the case before the Supreme Court dormant, the applicant referred to the fact that, in March 1995, she had requested the District Court to give a declaratory judgment on the question of ownership of the new house.
By a decision of 4 March 1996 the Supreme Court rejected the applicant's request to have the removal proceedings stayed and refused her leave to appeal against the Court of Appeal's judgment.
Following the Supreme Court's decision, several family members requested that the Enforcement Office (kronofogdemyndigheten) enforce the removal judgment. On 7 March 1996 the Office ordered the applicant to remove the house before 3 April 1996 at the risk of having the house demolished by the Office at her own expense. By a later decision the time-limit was extended until 19 April 1996.
On 14 March 1996, at the Real Estate Court's request, the Central Office of the National Land Survey (Lantmäteriverket) submitted its opinion in the division proceedings. It considered that the removal judgment did not prevent the creation of an individual plot around the disputed house. On the contrary, this could preserve the house and reduce the risk of adverse consequences for the applicant. Thus, the Central Office recommended that the applicant be assigned an individual plot.
However, on 3 April 1996 the Enforcement Office refused the applicant a further postponement of the enforcement of the removal judgment. On 15 May 1996 the District Court upheld the Enforcement Office's decisions and rejected the applicant's request for a postponement of the enforcement. Subsequently, the Enforcement Office, on 20 May 1996, decided that the house was to be demolished by a construction firm on 3 June 1996.
The applicant appealed to the Court of Appeal, requesting an immediate stay of the demolition order. She claimed that the enforcement of the removal judgment should be stayed until the division proceedings or, in the alternative, the ownership proceedings had been concluded. She also claimed that she had not been given the opportunity to remove the house herself in accordance with the District Court's judgment of 10 May 1990. Allegedly, she had started to dismantle the house but was not able to complete the work before 3 June 1996. Furthermore, the applicant requested a three week respite to substantiate her appeal.
By a decision of 31 May 1996 the Court of Appeal ordered the applicant to complete her appeal by 12 a.m. on 5 June 1996. On the same day, i.e. on 31 May, the Court of Appeal received a letter from the applicant, in which she requested an immediate stay of the demolition order. She claimed, inter alia, that the enforcement of the removal judgment should be stayed until the division proceedings had been concluded or, in the alternative, until the Real Estate Court had decided on the question. She also requested a three week respite to substantiate her appeal.
The appellate court's order for the completion of the appeal – which was sent to the applicant's address in Spånga – was allegedly not received by the applicant until the evening of 5 June, as she had been at the site of the disputed house. In the morning of 6 June she sent a telefax to the appellate court, requesting a ten day respite for the completion of her appeal.
However, already on 4 June 1996 the Court of Appeal had examined the case and decided not to grant the applicant leave to appeal against the District Court's decision of 15 May 1996. Thus, no further stay of the enforcement proceedings was granted. It appears from the court files that the applicant called the Court of Appeal on 6 June and received the information that the case had been examined on 4 June and that regard had been had to the contents of the applicant's letter of 31 May. On 5 July 1996 the Supreme Court refused leave to appeal against the appellate court's decision.
Consequently, the disputed house was demolished by a construction firm. The applicant had claimed that her appeal against the District Court's decision of 15 May 1996 hindered enforcement of the removal judgment. However, this claim was rejected by the Enforcement Office on 31 May 1996, referring to chapter 3, section 21 of the Enforcement Code (Utsökningsbalken). The demolition of the house began on 3 June 1996 and was concluded ten days later. On 25 June 1996 the Enforcement Office declared that the house had been demolished and, thus, the removal judgment adequately enforced. However, this decision was appealed against by the other joint owners as the building material had not been removed from the property. On 13 September 1996 the District Court, finding in favour of the appellants, quashed the Enforcement Office's decision that the enforcement had been finalised and referred the matter back to the Office. Leave to appeal against the District Court's decision was refused by the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court on 30 September and 25 October 1996, respectively. On 27 September 1996 the Enforcement Office ordered the applicant to remove the building material from the property before 29 October 1996.
Further, on 6 August 1996 the Enforcement Office ordered the applicant to pay the enforcement costs of 114,796 Swedish kronor (SEK). The applicant appealed and applied for legal aid in the matter. By a decision of 9 September 1996 the District Court rejected the applicant's application for legal aid on the ground that she did not have a legitimate interest to have the matter examined as the enforcement had been concluded. The applicant's further appeal was rejected by the Court of Appeal on 13 December 1996. On 28 April 1997 the Supreme Court refused leave to appeal.
On 22 November 1996 the Real Estate Court gave judgment in the division proceedings. It decided that Marum 1:8 should be divided into six individuals plots and one common plot. The applicant was awarded a plot where the now demolished house had been situated. In this respect, the Real Estate Court thus agreed with the opinion given by the Central Office of the National Land Survey on 14 March 1996. The Real Estate Court's judgment was upheld on appeal by the Court of Appeal on 2 November 1998. On 14 April 2000 the Supreme Court refused leave to appeal.
By a judgment of 26 November 1996 the District Court determined another removal case which had been instituted by the applicant and her sister in 1994. Apparently in response to the removal proceedings brought against the applicant, they had claimed that several other joint owners of Marum 1:6 and 1:8 should remove buildings they had erected on the estates. However, the District Court rejected the claims, finding that the buildings had been erected before 1991 – when the applicant and her sister, through the partial division of their mother's estate, became joint owners of the two properties – and that the joint owners at the time had expressly or tacitly consented to the various building projects. Further, considering that the claimants had not had a legitimate interest in having their claims examined, the court also decided that further litigation in this respect should not be paid through public legal aid. Thus, with effect from the date of the judgment, the legal aid previously awarded was withdrawn. The applicant and her sister appealed against the judgment and claimed, inter alia, that the District Court's decision on legal aid should be quashed. However, on 3 October 1997 the Court of Appeal upheld the legal aid decision. On 16 January 1998 the Supreme Court refused leave to appeal. Stating that they were unable to plead their case properly without legal aid, the applicant and her sister, by letter to the Court of Appeal of 1 November 1999, withdrew most parts of their claims in the removal case.
By a declaratory judgment of 10 July 1997 in proceedings concerning the ownership of the disputed house the District Court agreed with the applicant's claim, lodged with the court in March 1995, that the disputed house had been erected on her mother's behalf and thus formed part of the mother's estate. Accordingly, at the time of the District Court's removal judgment of 10 May 1990, the house did not belong to the applicant. Thus, in this respect, the court came to a different conclusion than it had done in the removal judgment. Following an appeal, the declaratory judgment was upheld by the Court of Appeal on 26 February 1998. No further appeal was made and the appellate court's judgment consequently gained legal force.
By decisions of 24 February 1997 and 29 February 2000 the Building Committee granted the applicant building permits for the reconstruction of the demolished house and the erection of two smaller outbuildings.
B. Relevant domestic law and practice
Domestic provisions of relevance in the present case are found in the Act on Joint Ownership ("the 1904 Act"), the Act on Administration of Certain Jointly Owned Agricultural Property (Lagen om förvaltning av vissa samägda jordbruksfastigheter, 1989:31; "the 1989 Act"), the Real Estate Formation Act (Fastighetsbildningslagen, 1970:988; "the 1970 Act"), the Enforcement Code and the Code of Judicial Procedure (Rättegångsbalken).
1. Joint ownership
At the time of the erection of the disputed house, the ownership of Marum 1:6 and 1:8 was regulated by the 1904 Act. Section 2 provided that a joint owner wishing to dispose of real estate had to have the permission of all other joint owners. According to Supreme Court case-law, a joint owner who was of the opinion that another joint owner had acted in conflict with section 2 – i.e. had not obtained the necessary permits – could challenge the action in court (Nytt juridiskt arkiv ("NJA") 1990 p. 184; the same right to institute proceedings is afforded to a joint owner under the 1989 Act, cf. NJA 1992 p. 769). Under section 3, a joint owner who disapproved of the administration or use of the real estate could request the court to appoint an administrator. Further, under section 6, a joint owner had the right to apply for a sale of the real estate at a public auction. The only possibility for another joint owner to prevent such a sale was to request division proceedings in accordance with section 7. If such proceedings had been instituted, the court could not decide on the question of a sale until the division proceedings had been concluded.
As the real estates in the present case are assessed, for tax purposes, as agricultural properties, the provisions of the 1989 Act are applicable as from 1 July 1989. The relevant provisions of that Act are essentially the same as the 1904 Act.
2. Real estate formation
Under chapter 11, section 1 of the 1970 Act, jointly owned real estate may, on application by a joint owner to the REFA, be divided into individual plots, provided that each created plot is deemed permanently suitable for its purpose in accordance with chapter 3, section 1. Chapter 11, section 3, subsection 4 provides that if, by a court order, real estate is to be offered for sale at a public auction, the estate may be divided only if no sale has taken place.
3. Procedure and enforcement
Rules on enforcement are laid down in the Enforcement Code. According to chapter 3, sections 1 and 3, a court judgment may be enforced as soon as it has gained legal force. Section 21 of the same chapter deals with objections against enforcement. Such objections may only be raised in respect of circumstances that have occurred after the enforceable judgment and the Enforcement Office is accordingly not entitled to reconsider the judgment itself. Thus, under section 21, subsection 1, enforcement cannot take place if the defendant shows that he or she has fulfilled the obligation set forth in the judgment in question. Further, according to subsection 2, enforcement shall not take place if the defendant claims that there are any other circumstances which constitute a hindrance to enforcement, provided that the court finds that the objection cannot be disregarded. This subsection aims at substantive objections, e.g. an objection that property, which the defendant is obliged to deliver, has been conveyed or pledged.
Under chapter 16, section 12 a of the Enforcement Code, an application for enforcement becomes void if the applicant in the enforcement proceedings grants the defendant a respite which lasts for more than six months from the date of the application. However, there are no rules applicable in this case which empower the Enforcement Office to grant the defendant a respite on his or her own request. A decision by the Office to refuse postponement of the enforcement proceedings may, in accordance with chapter 18, section 1 of the Code, be appealed to a court.
When it is of utmost importance for the determination of an action that a question subject to other court proceedings be determined first, the court may, under chapter 32, section 5 of the Code of Judicial Procedure, order a stay of proceedings (vilandeförklaring). According to the travaux préparatoires (NJA II 1943, p. 417), the relation between two court proceedings may be such that the decision in the latter set of proceedings has a binding effect on the outcome of the former set of proceedings. An action for monetary compensation for damage to real property and another action concerning the ownership of the real property is given as an example. The outcome of one set of proceedings may also have evidential significance in another set of proceedings. In these situations the relevant court has to decide whether it is in the interests of all concerned parties to stay the proceedings or not.
1. The applicant complains that the demolition of the disputed house on Marum 1:8 has violated her right to respect for her home and her right to the peaceful enjoyment of her possessions. She submits that the enforcement of the demolition order should have been postponed until the division proceedings had been concluded or, in the alternative, until the ownership of the house had been determined in the court proceedings she instituted for that purpose. She claims that there was no general interest involved in the demolition of the house, nor could the other joint owners have any objective interest in having the house removed as the site of the house has been used by her mother and herself for many years and the house could not be seen from the houses belonging to the other joint owners. In any event, the demolition was not proportionate in the circumstances of the case. In this connection, the applicant alleges that the value of the demolished house could be estimated at SEK 700,000. She invokes Article 8 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention.
2. The applicant complains also that she was denied legal aid in the proceedings relating to the enforcement costs. She claims that the refusal to award her legal aid infringed her possibilities to appeal in that case. Moreover, she complains that the decision to withdraw her legal aid in the removal proceedings against the other joint owners was not impartial and, thus, violated her right to a fair hearing. In these respects, she invokes Article 6 of the Convention.
1. The applicant complains that the demolition of the disputed house has violated her right to respect for her home and her right to the peaceful enjoyment of her possessions under Article 8 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention, respectively. Article 8 reads as follows:
"1. Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.
2. There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others."
Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 provides the following:
"Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law.
The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a State to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties."
The Court recalls that this complaint has been communicated to the respondent Government only in regard to Article 1 of Protocol No. 1.
The Government first submit that the house was demolished at a time when it clearly belonged to the applicant. The Government admit that, due to the demolition of the house, the applicant was deprived of her possessions within the meaning of the second sentence of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1. However, it is contended that this deprivation was justified under the terms of that Article for the following reasons.
Firstly, the deprivation was made "in the public interest". A necessary requirement of a functioning joint ownership is that all joint owners give their permission to a disposition of the estate, as laid down in the above-mentioned 1904 and 1989 Acts. As the disputed house had been erected without the consent of the other joint owners, the deprivation clearly had a legitimate "public interest". Also, having in mind the legal security of the parties involved in court proceedings, a court may decide to stay proceedings only when there are very strong reasons for it. Rules preventing one party from delaying court proceedings and enforcement of judgments are essential in order to maintain an efficient court system, which in turn is in the interest of the public.
Secondly, the deprivation was subject to "conditions provided for by law". Every significant procedural and material aspect of the removal case and the subsequent question of enforcement were regulated by written law readily available to the applicant. It is also evident that the applicant was fully aware of the relevant law, as she herself instituted proceedings in 1994 against some of her fellow owners, requesting that houses they had built on the property be removed.
Thirdly, with regard to the proportionality of the interference with the applicant's rights, the Government emphasise that the disputed house was erected in 1988 contrary to the law, i.e. without the consent of the other joint owners. The fact that a building permit had been granted does not change this situation, as a building committee is not required to verify questions regarding ownership of the real estate but shall only concern itself with planning conditions. When the applicant was assigned the house through the partial division of her mother's estate in 1991, the applicant was in the same legal position as her mother had been. In order to comply with the law, permission to erect the house should have been sought from the other joint owners before the house was built. If they had refused, there would have been two options: either to apply for a sale of the real estate at a public auction or to institute division proceedings. Since the law was not complied with, the other owners were entitled to claim that the house be removed. In view of this, the courts rightfully did not grant the applicant's requests for a stay of proceedings or a stay of enforcement because of the division proceedings instituted after the house had been erected. A decision granting her requests would have favoured her over the other owners. In balancing the applicant's right to maintain a house built contrary to the law and the other owners' right to have the real estate restored by means of efficient court proceedings, it is the Government's position that the interests of the other owners must be given priority. Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 should not be used to safeguard a measure that has been in conflict with the law from the outset, as unlawful behaviour as such does not deserve the protection of the law. By building the house the applicant – or rather her mother – anticipated events that were likely to take place later on, such as the division of the real estate into individual plots.
In conclusion, the Government contend that the applicant's complaint is manifestly ill-founded.
The applicant submits that, as shown by the District Court's declaratory judgment of 10 July 1997, she was not the owner of the house when the removal proceedings were initiated and thus not the right adversary party in those proceedings. She claims that she was not given an opportunity to present all evidence regarding the ownership question until she requested a declaratory judgment on this issue. Allegedly, the ownership question is of relevance to the determination whether her rights were violated when the house was demolished.
The applicant further states that, as noted by the Government, the 1904 and 1989 Acts provide for two alternatives – sale at a public auction or division of the estate – in case of disagreement between joint owners. However, the law does not regulate the situation when one owner has taken certain measures which are not acceptable to the other owners. It is therefore alleged that the demolition of the house was not subject to "conditions provided for by law". Also, the courts refused to stay the removal proceedings despite the fact that there were ongoing proceedings regarding the two alternative courses of action prescribed by the law. In any event, the disputed house was situated on land which had been managed and exclusively used by the applicant's mother, the applicant herself and her sisters and that land has subsequently been assigned to the applicant. The house could not even be seen from the parts of the estates used by the other joint owners. Thus, they could have had no interest in having the house demolished. Their only aim was to do harm to the applicant, as she had refused to sell her part of the estates and the house to them. Moreover, the Building Committee examined the case and granted a permit to build the disputed house and thus found that it did not contravene any "public interest". The applicant asserts therefore that the deprivation of her possession was neither in the interest of the other joint owners nor in the "public interest".
In regard to the Government's assertions as to proportionality, the applicant claims that it is irrelevant that the division proceedings were instituted after the house had been erected, as the erection of the house did not affect the courts' decisions in the division proceedings. Allegedly, the applicant would have been assigned the same plot even if the disputed house had not existed, as there were already other buildings on that plot which she owned. Having regard to this and the assertion that the demolition of the house was neither in the interest of the other joint owners nor in the "public interest", the applicant claims that the interference with her rights was not proportional.
The Court considers, in the light of the parties' submissions, that the applicant's complaint raises complex issues of law and fact under the Convention, the determination of which should depend on an examination of the merits of the application. The Court concludes, therefore, that this part of the application is not manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 § 3 of the Convention. No other grounds for declaring it inadmissible have been established.
2. The applicant complains also that the decisions to refuse her legal aid were biased and unfair and denied her adequate access to the appeal procedure in the proceedings relating to the enforcement costs. She invokes Article 6 of the Convention which, in so far as relevant, provides as follows:
"1. In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled to a fair ... hearing ... by an independent and impartial tribunal ...
3. Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights:
(c) to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing or, if he has not sufficient means to pay for legal assistance, to be given it free when the interests of justice so require;
The Court considers firstly that the applicant has not presented any circumstances which could lead to the conclusion that the courts taking the legal aid decisions were not impartial within the meaning of Article 6 § 1 of the Convention. The question remains, however, whether the denial of legal aid prevented the applicant from having effective access to court.
In this respect, the Court recalls that Article 6 § 1 does not specifically guarantee the right to free legal aid in matters relating to civil rights and obligations, this right being specified only in Article 6 § 3 (c) with regard to criminal charges. However, in the Airey case (Airey v. Ireland judgment of 9 October 1979, Series A no. 32) the Court stated that the right of access to court guaranteed by Article 6 § 1 is a right which is "practical and effective" and not merely "theoretical and illusory". It further stated the following (pp. 15-16, § 26):
"... Article 6 § 1 may sometimes compel a State to provide for the assistance of a lawyer when such assistance proves indispensable for an effective access to court either because legal representation is rendered compulsory, as is done by the domestic law of certain Contracting States for various types of litigation, or by reason of the complexity of the procedure or of the case."
In the present case, the Court notes, as far as the case regarding the enforcement costs is concerned, that the applicant's liability to pay those costs had already been decided by the District Court's removal judgment of 10 May 1990, in which the court stated that, if she did not remove the house, it would be demolished at her expense. With respect to the removal case lodged by the applicant and her sister against the other joint owners, the Court notes that these proceedings were instituted in 1994, apparently several years after the buildings they sought to have removed had been erected. All their claims were rejected, as the District Court, in its judgment of 26 November 1996, found it clear that the building projects in question had had the express or tacit approval of those who were joint owners at the time when the buildings were erected. In both the case concerning enforcement costs and the removal case the District Court concluded that the claimants did not have a legitimate interest in having their claims examined. In the removal case the court, however, accepted that the costs of the proceedings until and including its judgment be covered by public legal aid.
In the above circumstances, the Court accepts that the District Court could reasonably conclude that there was no legitimate interest involved which called for the litigation to be paid by public legal aid. In particular, the question of the enforcement costs had already been determined in other proceedings and the removal case rather appears to have been brought by the applicant and her sister in retaliation upon the other joint owners. Thus, the decisions on legal aid did not breach the applicant's rights under Article 6 § 1 of the Convention.
It follows that this part of the application is inadmissible as being manifestly ill-founded within the meaning of Article 35 §§ 3 and 4 of the Convention.
For these reasons, the Court unanimously
Declares admissible, without prejudging the merits, the applicant's complaint that her rights under Article 8 of the Convention and Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 to the Convention have been violated due to the demolition of her house;
Declares inadmissible the remainder of the application.
Michael O'Boyle Wilhelmina Thomassen
Registrar President
ALLARD v. SWEDEN DECISION
ALLARD v. SWEDEN DECISION


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**This article contains Season 6 spoilers.**
With The Walking Dead's sixth season now in the books, it's now time to start looking ahead to Season 7. Like all of you, we don't officially know which character had their head bashed in with Lucille, and that's certainly enough to keep our mind occupied until October. But putting that miserable cliffhanger aside, we're ready to start thinking about the changes and storylines we'd like to see come into fruition.
Undoubtedly, the next season is going to be the most brutal in The Walking Dead's history so far — after all, there is likely an impending war in the works. We have a feeling the kill count is going to triple or even quadruple (both when it comes to walkers and characters), and hopefully, we're right. Of course, we won't know anything for certain until the season premiere in October. But, for now, here is our The Walking Dead Season 7 wishlist — six things we want to see happen in the upcoming season:
1. No More Fake-Out Deaths
The Walking Dead Season 6 had a lot of strange moments, things that happened that were unlike anything the show had really done before. The most controversial of these moments came in the mid-season finale when Glenn fell off of a dumpster into a crowd of walkers and appeared to have died, as the camera showed tons of blood spurting up from what appeared to be his body. Of course, we would later find out that Glenn escaped underneath the dumpster and survived the ordeal, but fans were (rightfully) outraged at how it played out.
Of course, Glenn wasn't the only "did he die??!" moment in the season. In episode 15, titled "East," Daryl takes what appears to take a brutally devastating shot at the end of the episode. We don't find out until the end of the season finale (when we first see Daryl reappear) whether he survived the shot or not.
While we fully expect big events and cliffhangers in both the mid-season and season finales, the way that the showrunners have gone about it this season feels more deceptive than ever. Find other ways to bring viewers in (like you used to) without having to fake a major character's death.
2. Background on Negan
The introduction of Negan in the TV series means that the show will change forever. Basically, he makes the Governor look like a puppy. We're going to be seeing a lot of Negan in Season 7 (which is great, because Jeffrey Dean Morgan is one hell of an actor). But how did Negan rise to power? How did he become the bat-toting villain he is right now? We'd love to see a background episode that explores Negans rise to power, what his life was like at the time walkers started appearing, and what his journey has been like so far. Obviously, it isn't going to be the season 7 premiere episode, but it'd definitely make for a good mid-season bottle episode, and it should be in the same vein as The Governor's origin story, "Live Bait."
3. Bring in the Tiger
It looks like the "All Out War" scenario from the comic book is being setup for the TV series, meaning we'll likely be meeting Ezekiel at some point in Season 7. For those who haven't read the comics, Ezekiel is the leader of the Kingdom, and he has a pet tiger named Shiva. She is his protector, and there are quite a few great moments with Shiva in them. Like many, Shiva was our first thought when we first heard suggestions and whispers about possibly meeting Ezekiel in The Walking Dead season 7.
4. More Carl
Carl didn't get a lot of actual screen time in Season 6. Sure, he was shot in the eye, and then recovered from being shot in the eye, but he didn't have a ton of dialogue. In fact, the showrunners didn't even show any of Carl's recovery, his mindstate, or anything along those lines. What is Carl's state of mind right now?
I'll also note that I'm not really a fan of what's developing between Carl and Enid — it feels forced — so, hopefully, we don't see much more developing there. We don't need everyone in the show to find a significant other and buddy-up with someone. Again, it feels forced.
So, what should be done with Carl now? What would be great is if the Carl/Negan dynamic that we see right before All Out War starts in the comics makes its way to the TV series somehow, at least for a little while. Negan should try to take the little "future serial killer" under his wing, and maybe after Carl briefly buys into what Negan's spitting, Carl will snap out of it and somehow help the group escape.
Also, we'd love to see more Rick and Carl interaction. We'd love to see a situation where Rick and Carl are faced against ridiculous odds and somehow they team-up to fight their way out of harm's way.
Finally, a haircut for Carl would be great. Just saying.
5. Less Carol
Carol has been through so much already, so whenever anything new happens to her, we all throw our hands up in the air, scoffing with a hearty "here we go again!" That's not to say we don't love Carol (and Melissa McBride), but her time has passed. She had a ton of focus in Season 6, and she has saved the group numerous times already. But now, she has become too much of an emotional character, and we're sick of seeing Carol-themed episodes. She's conflicted with her need to kill those who wish to harm her loved ones, and it's a conflict we're seeing too frequently. Basically, Carol is growing stale. Her time has come, and hopefully they just let the character die from all of those gun wounds.
6. Morgan Goes Full Morgan
We've sort of seen a badass Morgan bubbling underneath the surface of a mild-mannered man who doesn't want to kill, but now that he has pulled the trigger (to save Carol), we're wondering what is going to happen with Morgan next. Gimple and co. can go in numerous directions with his character, but we're hoping that he'll snap after having to pull the trigger. And by snap, we hope he starts killing baddies left and right. He has a certain intelligence about him, and we'd love to see him apply that sort of intelligence to expertly dismantling waves of foes. There's so much potential within Morgan as a character, and we'd like to see him drop the whole "voice of reason" spiel for Season 7. Especially with the impending war on the horizon, we'd love to see Morgan's body count outnumber his peers in Season 7.
What do you think should happen in Season 7? Which characters do you want to see killed-off? Sound off in the comments below.


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Hey Hobbes, I've found what aircraft weapon named as "Plasma cannon" in research list, but at manufacture it's appears as "Plasma beam". Is that correct?
I don't want bump old topics or create new one, so I just ask here: why some small landing undamaged UFO's has no Elerium-115 as loot when I finished the mission? How they fly then? Or it's just implemented by default like Vanilla may be?
Questions about Spacefarer's attack - sometimes they put your soldiers on fire and sometimes they do some electric attack, if I read researched topic correctly. But few things confuse me - when my soldiers getting hurts from spacefare's attacks, on their status screen they has no fatal wounds, but despite this, soldiers still losing their health every turn and eventually dies. Same for fire - no fatal wounds and I have no idea how extinguish them. So how to survive against them and is any method to cancel burning fire and heal hidden wounds?
The Spacefarers' attack varies between 3 damageTypes, depending on their rank: stun, melee and fire.
Thanks for explaining, I'll try test Spacefare's attacks and their effect on my soldiers on new save file asap. Yeah, I figured it out when got scientist in March (but fails miserably later) - they using fire attacks (if I not mistaken), it's good opportunity check ranks and try to capture it, if no mind probe unlocked. But I never saw their stun attacks in my gameplay. Meridian's let's play has it and I asked myself - why I not encounter it yet, may be Hobbes has changed something, because a lot of time passed.
By the way, any plans upload new fixed archives yet or you still want collect and fix more bugs before doing it? Sorry for being unpatience, just don't want encounter that crash bug with map generating what you already fixed Of course I can remove Ironman option from my save file and turn on save scamming to pass it, but I won't. It's cheating.
P.S.Command Guard decided to visit my base. Alien control almost every turn, boo... base lost. August was last month when I survived. By the way I used a lot of incendiaries grenades on Phasers. They walked burned, but not dies even after few turns. Strange, early in Council missions I had no problems killing them. Or may be it was some elite guys who resist to everything? Anyway Elite Mutons, Overlords, Phasers and Ethereals just crashed my bones. Sadly and funny. Damn, I have no idea how to survive such missions. And for my opinion, if you not detected any medium ships with scientists at March, you probably screwed later very fast.
Well, after 36 tries plus around 10 or 15 what I have not counter I finally finished Superhuman Ironman. Playing this on OXCE was absolutely madness and nightmare. Hunter Killers ships make game incredibly harder. Ethereals could control soldiers with 100! PSI strength as well, so better not play with them. New big Interceptor ship is awesome, but can't deal with Overseers anyway. To be honest I have encounter only 2 of those during my play through. Overlords is nightmare but alloys shotguns could do the trick, only problem come on close distance and not been killed by reaction fire. What else I can say? Some council missions could be ignored, especially if they pops in regions were big alien activities and HK ships pops up. Negative score must be nullified by doing small ships near you base(s). Getting scientist at March or May absolutely important because you need plasma cannons to deal with HKs. And opening psionics asap important too, not even for psi attacks, but to figure out how weak or strong your soldiers to psi. Superhuman Ironman on EXCE very good challenge for diehard fans of this game. New alien base layouts is very interested but I haven't win single mission, only managed captured 2 Ethereals Commanders anyway. Thank you again for this awesome mod! I'll probably redo this later, but on lower difficulty and not Ironman to help find other bugs include some cosmetics and just for fun. And apologizes for my broken English as always
One question: would you recommend that HKs are a must have for this mod? (right now they are only active when using OXCE?)
Idea with HK is fresh air for this game. It's absolutely change mechanics, tactics and balance - I mean what you can't just chase large or very large UFOs with you transport ship waiting for it's landing. It could be HK now and you need approach them very carefully or even avoid them. Yes, sometimes they land but If you slow and not catch them while they're on the ground they may start fly again and you know what it means for you poor Skyranger
It's not bad to keep them permanently in this mod, but for my opinion probability of their presents should be balanced according difficulty plus their amount and size too. But I think it's already in game rules files (not examine them all anyway). By the way, how do you planing to add them to standard version of openxcom? Is any option now there?
Playing game on normal Openxcom now (not OXCE), testing it again. Superhuman still very hard, but I'm not God player like our Meridian so I'm failing a lot. Not Ironman, but I'm not loading old saves anyway. So far got one crash, seems another map issue, sadly but I had no save file now to reproduce. But this defense site looks strange - no name of area. You can reproduce it with autogeoscape file. Mission will pop in few second after you loaded it and speed up the timer. Could you please check it and when you resolved it (if it's not Openxcom related bug) post fixed files here?


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Updated-Two injured by terrorists' shells and shots in Quneitra, material damage in terrorist mortar attacks in Daraa
Quneitra, – Terrorist groups targeted Hadar village and al-Baath city in Quneitra southern province with shells, artillery and shots on Monday where two people got injured and service utilities were damaged.
A source at Quneitra Police Command told SANA that terrorists in al-Samadaniyeh al-Gharbieh fired five mortar and artillery shells on al-Khadami neighborhood in al-Baath city, causing an injury to a child and material damage to public and private properties including the buildings of Health Directorate, Civil Status Office and Finance Directorate.
The source pointed out that Jabhat al-Nusra terrorists in Jebbata al-Khashab targeted farmers with gunshots in Hadar village, causing severe injuries to a person.
Material damage in terrorist mortar attacks in Daraa
Terrorist groups targeted the area of train railway and the market in Daraa city with two mortar shells on Monday.
A source at the governorate told SANA reporter that the terrorists fired two mortar shells on the area of the train railway and the market adjacent to Daraa al-Mahatta neighborhood, causing only material damage to private and public properties.
The terrorist groups breached the cessation of hostilities agreement more than 654 times since it came into effect on 27 February. The agreement does not include Jabhat al-Nusra, ISIS and other groups listed by the UN as terrorist organizations.
Source: Syrian Arab News Agencyhttps://syrianewsgazette.com/updated-two-injured-by-terrorists-shells-and-shots-in-quneitra-material-damage-in-terrorist-mortar-attacks-in-daraa/Business


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Certification Body "Center of Certification of Materials and Goods" (CB "CCMG") provides a full range of services for certification of management systems and certification / conformity assessment of products / services. Obtaining a certificate of conformity in our center is quick and efficient.
The certification body provides the voluntary and mandatory certification of products and services, evaluation of compliance with the requirements of technical regulations, as well as certification of management systems.
Cooperation with accredited test laboratories allows us to carry out any necessary tests.
If you have any questions – you will get support from our specialists. By choosing CB "CCMG" the customers save time and money.
CB "CCMG" has extensive experience in the field of certification, enjoys a high reputation in the professional field and always perfectly fulfills its obligations to the Customers. Certification / conformity assessment is held on the highest level, in accordance with all requirements and regulations.


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|Child Life Studies
Health Sciences Centre, Room 3H46C
|Phone: 905-521-2100, ext. 22795
Email: email@example.com or email@example.com
Masters In Child Life & Pediatric Psychosocial Care
About Child Life & Pediatric Psychosocial Care
The Master of Science in Child Life and Pediatric Psychosocial Care is the first program of its kind in Canada. It is a professional and practice-focused graduate degree. Students will learn about pediatric psychosocial assessment and interventions, critically examine ethical issues, and apply theoretical knowledge and patient and family-centred care principles to diverse pediatric clinical settings. Students will also understand the foundations of clinical research, engage in critical reflection, and incorporate the appraisal of evidence to improve reasoning and clinical decision-making skills. Visit the program website for complete details.
Division Members
Cathy Humphreys
Assistant Clinical Professor
Co-Director, Child Life Studies
Chair of Admissions
Allison Sohanlal
Assistant Clinical Professor
Co-Director, Child Life Studies
Co-ordinator of Online Learning
Sarah Patterson
Assistant Clinical Professor
Co-Director, Child Life Studies
Curriculum Coordinator
Hanadi Attar-Elbard
Priogram Assistant
What's New?
The New Master of Science in Child Life and Psychosocial Care will welcome its first students in the 2016 academic year.
The program launched a brand new website in spring 2016:


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Alkaline water is somewhat different from regular drinking water, carrying pH over 7. Because of such higher pH level, it has a lower concentration hydrogen ions and it becomes less acidic. This water is able to improve overall health to a great extent by providing numerous benefits. This alkaline water is being said to contribute to the process of cure of many diseases. If this water is consumed in a proper way, it leaves a positive effect on the body.
Benefits of Alkaline Water
It is one of the recommended products to maintain good health. You can add this water to your lifestyle on a daily basis as it has innumerable health benefits. Among so many benefits of Alkaline water, here are top 11 :
1. Alkaline Water Source of minerals
Alkaline water is a great source of minerals like sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and so on. If anyone suffers from a mineral deficiency, he may end in suffering weight problems, high blood pressure, Heart disease, weak bones and kidney stones.
The two most important minerals like Calcium and Magnesium are found in Alkaline water in a huge quantity. As our body uses these two minerals in every metabolic process, the lack of anyone will affect overall health.
We are stating Alkaline water as a good source of minerals because our body can absorb Alkaline minerals easier and faster than minerals from food or supplements.
Moreover, Alkaline water contains calcium in a good quantity. It can improve your body's calcium consuming capacity. You will be surprised to know that, this Alkaline water is being said to be equal to milk as a source of calcium.
For bone health, Magnesium is also a must. And providing sufficient magnesium, Alkaline water acts as a good source of minerals.
Also Read: Top 11 Garden Cress Seeds Benefits (Halim Seeds)
2. Alkaline Water benefits for cancer
Alkaline water helps fight Cancer. Cancer cells can not grow in an alkaline environment. Either it stops the growth of cancer cells or slows the speed of growth. To prevent the growth of malignant cancer cells in the body, the alkaline balance is very much needed. That's why Alkaline water is used as a part of Cancer treatment so that other treatments may get enough time to work.
It is claimed to work in cancer treatment by balancing pH in the body. And pH balance is achieved by raising the alkaline level.
3. Benefits of Alkaline Water weight loss
sound health. Because of consuming more and more junk food, our body's acid level increases significantly. That's why body creates more fat cells to neutralize the acid. Consequently, we gain more and more weight. Here is the benefit of alkaline water. As Alkaline water acts as a fat burner, you can rely on it.
Alkaline water helps to lose weight by balancing the pH level of the body. When your body lacks hydration, the pH balance gets disturbed. Alkaline water helps by providing enough hydration.
In a word, by taking Alkaline water you can help your body to fight back against unwanted weight.
4. Benefits of Alkaline Water in human body
Alkaline water has too many Heath benefits on the human body. The most important benefit drinking Alkaline water is it washes away toxins which are responsible for developing diseases in your body. As alkaline water is free from harmful minerals and chemicals, it works better than plain water as a foundation of detoxification. Moreover, by detoxifying our body, Alkaline water boosts the immune system also. It helps to neutralize the body and removes the acid wastes from cells.
Again this Alkaline water is effective in improving skin health. Because of its anti-ageing properties, you can get a fresh smooth and glowing skin all the time.
It leaves a positive impact on overall health. It strengthens the bones, teeth and muscles, helps in digestion, controlling blood pressure and balancing body fluids.
Recommendation: 10 Impressive Health Benefits of Lassi
5. Alkaline Water Acts as Antioxidant
Alkaline water acts as a powerful antioxidant. It plays the role of an antioxidant by protecting our body from the free radicals which can cause various health problems. Free radicals damage the immune system and that can lead to infection and disease. This illness sometimes may take dangerous form.
Alkaline water is a great source of antioxidant as it can easily be absorbed.
Because of the small size of the water cluster and this water doesn't require to be metabolized, it's easier to absorb. Many studies show that this antioxidant is much more effective than other food supplements or capsules because of it's liquid form.
So, it's obvious that by taking alkaline water, you can remain free from many health hazards and maintain sound health.
6. Alkaline water Promotes Nerves Health
Alkaline water is effective in promoting nerves health also. When our body gets dehydrate, brain losses energy and nerve system gets affected. The magnesium that contains alkaline water contributes to improving nerves health. Magnesium converts foods into energy and thus works to maintain nerves function.
So, if you want to get a healthy nerves system, you should add alkaline water to your diet chart.
When you will take this water with other healthy diets, you will see the difference of your energy level by yourself.
7. Alkaline water can help cure psoriasis
Alkaline beverages or ionized water is beneficial for psoriasis patients. Psoriasis is a skin disease that has no exact treatment and cannot be cured completely.
Alkaline water is very much effective for psoriasis and psoriasis arthritis patients. These chronic diseases attack when your immune system is hampered and consequently the skin gets affected.
Alkaline water has an effective solution for this skin disease. If you apply this water to the affected areas, it may sooth and faster healing process.
Actually, Alkaline water system reduces the symptoms of psoriasis by neutralizing acidic toxic residue in your body cells.
8. Alkaline Maintains Body Circulation
Alkaline water is one of the greatest ways to maintain body circulation. You can promote your blood circulation by consuming this beneficial water. Alkaline water contains Sodium that contributes to this function. To supply the oxygen to your body parts, brain and nerves, blood circulation is a must.
Furthermore, Alkaline water is free from harmful chemicals. That's why it works better than plain water as the foundation of detoxification.
Again, by detoxifying our body, alkaline water boosts our immune system also.
It helps to neutralise the body and removes the acid wastes from cells.
Alkaline water is effective in improving skin health also. Because of its anti-ageing properties, you can get a fresh, smooth and glowing skin all the time.
In a word, it leaves a positive impact on overall health. It strengthens the bones, muscles, nerves and teeth, helps in digestion, controls blood pressure and balances body fluids.
9. Alkaline water Promotes Muscle Health
One of the impressive benefits of alkaline water is promoting muscle health. The way it improves muscle health contributes to the overall health condition. Magnesium and Potassium containing in alkaline water play their role in this process.
Studies show that alkaline water has a positive role in muscle relaxing and promoting the muscle contraction.
Magnesium helps to maintain muscle health and reducing muscle pain and chronic fatigue.
Since the lack of magnesium and potassium leads to many health problems, you can try alkaline water to remain free from these diseases.
Suggested: 9 Shocking Side Effects of Ajinomoto (Pragnancy, Cancer, & ……….)
10. Alkaline Water balances the pH levels
PH balance is very important to keep the body hydrated. If your body's pH level gets disturbed and unbalanced, it'll hamper your overall health. And to maintain a balanced pH in your body, Alkaline water has no match.
The average diet of present age contains a lot of fats like meat, cheese and butter. That's why your diet contributes to an over the acidic state of the body.
Moreover, soft drinks, coffee, processed sugar etc aggravates the problem.
When the acid level of your body gets higher, it helps the diseases to thrive in.
And Alkaline water is helpful for these problems as it neutralises the acid level of the body. So who is suffering from the acid problem can try it to speed up the recovery process.
And who is still in good health, by drinking Alkaline water can prevent this problem and maintain a healthier lifestyle.
11. Alkaline Water Promotes Heart Health
The heart is perhaps the most important body organ. The heart pumps the blood to go through the body cells. As a result, we get the energy to remain active. That's why heart's health is the crucial need.
There are various ways to keep the heart healthy. Alkaline water is one of the easiest and effective ways to do so.
To keep the heart healthy and prevent heart attack, many people turn to expensive health supplements. But they often neglect the simplest but effective way that is drinking alkaline water.
Blood viscosity has a significant effect on heart diseases like Arteriosclerosis, Cholesterol and Hypertension.
And this blood viscosity gets aggravated by dehydration. Here Alkaline water proves the best as there is no comparison in case of hydrating the body.
So to keep your heart healthy, add this amazing beverage to your daily diet.
How to make alkaline water at home?
If you are convinced to make alkaline water a part of your healthy lifestyle, then there is a good news for you. You don't need to buy this water from the special supplier, rather you can make it home, using some simple ingredients from your kitchen.
Here is a guideline for you to make it with ease. There are several ways to make alkaline water at home :
Make alkaline water Using Lemon
You can make alkaline water with the power of a simple lemon or lime juice.
Process :
- Fill a pitcher of 64 ounce capacity with filtered water.
- Cut one lemon into 8 pieces and submerge the pieces into the water.
- Then keep the pitcher for 8 or 10 hours at room temperature. The lemon will soak meantime.
- Now your alkaline water is ready.
Make alkaline water Using Baking Soda
- Dissolve one teaspoon of baking soda into a glass of 8-ounce capacity.
- Mix it well.
See, using these simple steps you can make this water at home. But if you are on low sodium diet, avoid this process.
Make alkaline water Using pH drops
- For this process, you will have to buy alkalising pH drops.
- Prepare Alkaline water using few drops to a glass or pitcher of water.
- You can use any of these formulas to get alkaline water at home.
Pros and Cons of Alkaline Water
- Alkaline water hydrates the body cells.
- Helps the body to fight free radicals.
- Prevents illness to thrive.
- Prevents cancer cells to grow.
- Extremely beneficiary for diseases like Diabetes, high or low blood pressure and Osteoporosis.
- Improves heart, muscle and skin health.
- It can be quite expensive.
- Lack of evidence about health benefits.
- Excessive drinking may unbalance the pH level.
Alkaline Water side effects
Alkaline water is no doubt one of the most efficient health supplements, but it may produce some side effects also. If this water is taken for a longer period, it may interfere the normal body functions.
Natural alkaline water is, of course, good for health but the fact is natural one is not available most often and hence we have to consume artificial alkaline water.
Though the pH level of both forms is same, consuming artificial alkaline water for a long time may prove dangerous.
Here are the possible side effects of Alkaline water :
- If this water is consumed for a long time, it may result in cardiovascular problems.
- By drinking alkaline water, body's pH level gets higher and it may lead to hypochlorhydria.
- Metabolism is must for producing energy and keep the body active. But studies show that artificial alkaline water may lead to metabolism abnormalities.
- Drinking alkaline water at a stretch may hamper the absorption of various nutrients like vitamin B12, iron and folate by increasing pH level of the body.
- Taking alkaline water on a daily basis may cause diseases like a headache, sleepiness or tiredness.
In a word, though alkaline water offers various health benefits, it can also cause health issues if not taken in a proper way and limit.
Read Also: 15 Best Health Benefits of Red Dragon Fruits (No. 4 is Excellent!)
Where to buy alkaline water?
As alkaline water is becoming popular in recent years, it has become quite available at Amazon. You will get this water in the grocery shop or health food store. Again you can also opt for a water ionizer. These water ionisers are easily found in chain stores. You can also make it for yourself at home.
But the most reliable source is natural spring water. Natural alkaline water sources are rocks, streams and waterfalls.
Buy Water Ionizer
Summary – Alkaline water benefits
Alkaline water offers countless benefits, but a balance is a must in consuming it. If you want to derive the highest benefits, you have to drink it in a moderate amount and proper way. Otherwise, it can leave some negative impacts on your overall health.
Considering all the ways it can improve your overall health, add Alkaline water to your daily diet and enjoy the benefits.


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Rancho Picante Bison Hut
Hire a Food Truck
Food truck catering for your next event. Fast, easy and delicious. Book it here.Get Started
About Rancho Picante Bison Hut
Rancho Picante Bison Hut is an unorthodox food truck if we've ever seen one. Which we have, but nothing compares to this. See, Rancho Picante Bison Hut is keeping things pretty simple, with one simple menu offering: bison. That's it, but it's so much more than that. Because you're getting bison that's locally sourced in a variety of mouthwatering forms, and trust us, you've never had anything quite like this.
At Rancho Picante Bison Hut, bison's in the name and bison's the game, which they're obviously winning. Get big ol' bison patties in their original recipe burgers, topped with caramelized onions, cheddar and BBQ sauce for their apple whiskey version, or get one infused with bleu cheese for a flavor profile that's out of this world delicious. Lookin' for good things in small packages? You'll find 'em in their bison tacos and bison sliders, made from scratch for your enjoyment. So why wait? Get out on the streets of Bozeman to find Rancho Picante Bison Hut, giving Montana a taste of, well, Montana. Or have 'em bring the bison to your next event. Trust us. It really is that good.
Bison Bratwurst - this hand crafted specialty starts with a bison sausage, topped with caramelized onions and drizzled with horseradish crema on a hoagie bun. Can you say yum?
Upcoming Locations
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Stop Wasting Time on Rescuing
When I started painting I had no money. I was painting on cardboard. I would paint over failed paintings – adding layer upon frustrating layer of unfocused muddy paint. I was trying to fix them. I was being economical. When I was done, I still had failed paintings plus I had no paint.
I should have quit when I was making poor compositions of crappy ideas. But instead of wiping off or starting over, I kept pounding away.
I would go back to old failed paintings to hide from the work that was going well because I was afraid of screwing it up.
Over the years I have gotten better at understanding this trap. Now I remind myself that I am not 22 years old anymore and I know what I am doing. I tell myself to stop wasting time on rescuing. Going back is a trap and a waste of time and money.
Instead, I push myself to move forward whether I screw it up or not.
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about Me
As an artist giving myself permission to play is at the heart of my practice.
September 2019


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The Chrome Tone plug-in for both Windows XP and OS X-based Pro Tools system has been updated to version 1.3, adding more models and sound shaping functionality. Chrom Tone is also not intended soley for guitar, designed with sonic flexibility for a myriad of applications including guitar, keyboards, drums, and even voice.
Chrome Tone 1.3 features three new pre-amps and eight new cabinet models, plus a multi-shape drive section that provides unprecedented control over the distortion tonality. The total Chrome Tone collection of effects includes distortion, compression, gating, chorus, flange, EQ, wah, tremolo, spring reverb and tape delay.
Chrome Tone 1.3 is TDM, RTAS, and AudioSuite, OSX and Win XP with a retail price of $495. Estimated ship date is 04/22/05.
For more information, visit their web site at www.mcdsp.com


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We are going to ebook your flight tickets and plan your dream journey. Trust Opodo's on-line reserving service. Some lodge reserving web sites also offer unique off season offers, equivalent to reserving for 2 nights and get the third night totally free. By using the web individuals are able to very quickly (literally a couple of minutes) examine many flight and lodge options and prices.
Should you're seeking to combine your flights and accommodation in a single low deal, Zuji Hong Kong packages takes the trouble out of holiday booking and helps you find a combined bundle deal. Merely choose your dates and preferred airline to search out the most cost effective flights available. Reserving one in all our air + lodge packages means taking the guess work out of organizing your trip.
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Hotel Accommodation in Fordingbridge
Guide providing hotel and guest accommodation in Fordingbridge. Our directory contains detailed information for cheap hotel rooms, bed and breakfast, luxury and discount accommodation deals.
Business Listings
The idyllic Ashburn is a friendly family-run independent hotel set in beautifully landscaped gardens on the north western edge of the New Forest. We have 20 comfortable bedrooms all with private en-suite facilities, telephones, colour remote-controlled TV's, radio, tea /coffee making facilities.


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Commission on Landlord-Tenant Affairs (COLTA)
The Montgomery County Commission on Landlord-Tenant Affairs ("Commission"), often referred to as COLTA, is a quasi-judicial body created to render decisions regarding Landlord-Tenant complaints that the Investigators were unable to resolve. The Commission has the power to hold hearing and issue Decisions and Orders that have the force of law. If you disagree with a Commission decision, you would have to appeal it to the Circuit Court of Montgomery County, Maryland. Having your case heard before the Commission is generally quicker than going through the District Court and it is free.
If a complaint is not resolved, the Investigator refers the complaint to the Commission. Commission members act as Administrative Judges. The Commission is comprised of 15 members: 4 tenant representatives, 4 landlord representatives, 4 members of the public who are neither tenants nor landlords, and 3 alternates, one in each category. Commissioners who have a potential conflict with either a landlord or tenant are required to recuse themselves from any decisions regarding that complaint.
After receiving a complaint, the Commission has three options: (1) decide there is no violation of law, in which case the Commission dismisses a complaint without conducting a hearing; (2) decide there is sufficient evidence of a violation, and schedule a hearing to allow both sides to present their testimony and evidence under oath; or (3) refer the case back to Landlord-Tenant staff for further investigation. Hearings are usually conducted by a panel of three Commissioners, one representative from each category. These hearings are informal, and parties can represent themselves or be represented by an attorney. Landlords cannot be represented by their management companies, and parties cannot be represented by someone who is not a lawyer. If a party does not speak or understand English, the party must bring an interpreter to the hearing to interpret for them.
After hearing the case, the Commission issues a written Decision and Order. The Commission can order any or all of the following if they find the landlord has created a defective tenancy:
- Immediate termination of the lease;
- Return of all or part of a tenant's security deposit along with, if warranted, a penalty up to three times the amount of the deposit;
- Return of all or part of any rent already paid to the landlord;
- An award of up to $2,500.00 for damage or loss incurred by a tenant;
- A reasonable expenditure for temporary or substitute housing; and
- Attorney's fees up to $1,000.00, when appropriate.
The Commission can order any or all of the following if they find the tenant has created a defective tenancy:
- Immediate termination of the lease and possession of the rental property under State law; and,
- An award of up to $2,500.00 for damage or loss incurred by a landlord.
The Decision and Order is legally binding. If any party fails to adhere to the provisions of the Decision and Order, the County will take enforcement action. If either party disagrees with a Decision and Order, the Decision and Order may be appealed to the Circuit Court for Montgomery County. If the Decision and Order contains a monetary award, and the appellant wants to stop enforcement, he/she must post a bond with the Circuit Court in the amount of the award.
The Commission has issued numerous Decisions and Orders that have addressed a variety of landlord-tenant issues, including security deposits, utility conversion, breach of lease, license revocation and habitability. Please review the Commission's Decisions and Orders to get an idea of how they interpret the law given certain fact patterns. These Decisions and Orders are available by clicking the Decision and Orders link at the top of this page.
|Montgomery County Code Section 29-9.
|The Commission hears apartment license revocation appeals and landlord-tenant disputes.
|Fifteen members. Four permanent members from nominations made by organizations representing landlords; four permanent members from nominations made by organizations representing tenants; four permanent public-at-large members who are neither tenants nor landlords; and three alternates, one from each category.
|Three-year terms
|First Tuesday evening of each month
|Rosie McCray-Moody, (240) 777-3612
|Public-At-Large Representatives
|Lawrence Culleen, Charles Marschke (Chair), Mike Rosenzweig, Amit Sharma and Grayce Wiggins
|Landlord Representatives
|DeShawna Fisher, Damien Mills, Oma Ngwobia and Jeffrey Slavin
|Tenant Representatives
|Liana Ponce, Julie Powers, Shekita Taft, Donald Weinstein and Weddy Worjroh


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This colour-coded topographic view shows the relative heights of the terrain in and around Korolev crater, an ice-filled crater in the northern lowlands of Mars.
Lower parts of the surface are shown in blues and purples, while higher-altitude regions show up in whites, browns, and reds, as indicated on the scale to the top right. The crater's thick deposit of ice can be seen at the centre of the frame.
This view is based on a digital terrain model of the region, from which the topography of the landscape can be derived. It comprises data obtained by the High Resolution Stereo Camera on Mars Express over orbits 18042 (captured on 4 April 2018), 5726, 5692, 5654, and 1412.It covers a region centred at 165° E, 73° N, and has a resolution of approximately 21 metres per pixel.


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Gautam Gambhir: "I could not have let this man (Bhaskar) play with careers of young players like Unmukt Chand and Nitish Rana." © ESPNcricinfo Ltd
Batsman Gautam Gambhir has criticised Delhi coach KP Bhaskar for "creating an atmosphere of uncertainty" among the youngsters in the side. Gambhir admitted he had an argument with Bhaskar after Delhi's Vijay Hazare Trophy match against Uttar Pradesh on Monday, but insisted that he was standing up for the younger players in the side, who felt insecure, and had not abused Bhaskar as had been stated in a few news reports.
Gambhir was also critical of Bhaskar's selection policies, particularly the exclusions of wicketkeeper-batsman Unmukt Chand and batsman Nitish Rana during the Vijay Hazare Trophy
"If protecting a youngster is a crime, I am guilty. If making 20-22-year olds feel secure in an insecure environment is a crime, then I am guilty. But I could not have let this man (Bhaskar) play with careers of young players like Unmukt Chand and Nitish Rana," Gambhir told on Tuesday.
"(The) Dressing room is a private environment. It's like a bedroom. There may be many discussions but that's not supposed to be discussed with media. I never spoke what all he (Bhaskar) said after we lost a T20 match in Himachal as to what laurels he had brought to Delhi cricket and where these youngsters are taking it to? Is it how you deal with youngsters?
"I know how to deal with people. Lot of things have been said about him, about how I abused this man or that man. Lot of things are blown out of proportion. I backed certain boys for 2-3 years as these were the best boys to back. It is irrelevant from which club they come and we need to get this culture out of the way.
"For last three years, I have been trying to give security to these young players who are all 23 or 24. There has been a culture in Delhi cricket about making players insecure. I have myself faced that when I was a youngster. When I got into the Ranji Trophy team, I was made to feel insecure. Then only I had decided, if I ever take charge I will never make young boys feel insecure."
Rana played only the first three matches of the Vijay Hazare Trophy and was dropped after scores of 5, 5 and 0 while Chand was brought in for the last two matches, against Kerala and Uttar Pradesh, where he struck half-centuries.
Chand had captained Delhi in three Ranji Trophy matches this season, while Gambhir was on national duty. For the Vijay Hazare Trophy, Delhi's selectors chose to appoint 19-year-old wicketkeeper-batsman Rishabh Pant as captain in place of Gambhir. The decision, Bhaskar had said at the time, had been taken by consensus and with a view to manage Gambhir's workload.
"Look at somebody like Unmukt Chand. He was an India A captain recently, captained Delhi when I wasn't a part of the team," Gambhir said. "Suddenly you don't even pick him for Delhi's one-day side. Look where you have got his career to. Look at Nitish Rana, he played Duleep Trophy, he has played IPL for Mumbai Indians and suddenly three bad one-day games, you send him back.
"I don't have problems with people being dropped from the playing XI but don't send them back. Look how insecure they will feel when they come back next into the side. How much insecurity have you put in Unmukt and Nitish's mind? They are 23-year-olds for god's sake.
"Delhi doesn't have a good cricketing structure and already players feel they are one match away from getting dropped. I told Bhaskar throughout the season, just don't make players this insecure."
Delhi had middling results in the first-class and List A tournaments this season. In the Vijay Hazare Trophy, they finished fourth among seven teams in Group B, winning three of the six matches. They had a mid-table finish in the Ranji Trophy, too, winning two of their eight matches with two losses and four draws. They did well in the Inter-state T20 tournament, however, topping the North Zone table with three wins in five matches.
"When Unmukt got dropped, he (Bhaskar) kept on lying in front of the whole team," Gambhir alleged. "Unmukt called him to ask why he has been dropped from the team and he said 'I was not happy that you are keeping wickets'. If he was not happy he should have said that in a selection meeting. Had Nitish scored one 50, would he have called Unmukt on SOS basis then?
"It was decided at a selection meeting that Unmukt would be picked as a wicketkeeper because he kept wickets previous year as well. When Unmukt confronted him, Bhaskar said he was referring to zonal team and then Unmukt told him on his face he was lying. Unmukt had just played for a North Zone team 15 days back. That team had Yuvraj Singh, Harbhajan Singh and Shikhar Dhawan. If you want to tell me that zonal team was inferior to a Delhi team, good luck to these people."
Bhaskar told Hindustan Times that he had "discharged his obligations with honesty" and would file a report shortly.
"I have been told to restrain. Wait till I submit my report. All I did was discharge my obligations with honesty. Beyond that I can't comment on anything now," Bhaskar said.
© ESPN Sports Media Ltd.
Source: ESPN Crickinfo


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Exciting, scary and fun - Delve into the ancient capital's bloody history at theLondon Dungeon. We know that when it comes to history - the horrible bits are the best. Experience live actors, dark history, thrilling rides and special effects… are you brave enough to face 90 minutes ofLondon's goriest past?
Prepare to face the most sinister characters from our past, from serial killer Jack the Ripper, barber Sweeney Todd and regal Bloody Mary. Feel the shadow of the black plague and the fearsome torture chamber.
Plus, with three thrilling rides, there is something for the whole family: Traitors Gate underground boat ride; Vengeance, theUK's first 5D laser ride and the ever popular Extremis Drop Ride.
Enter the world of The Dungeons and take a journey with twists, turns, screams and laughter - a fun day out, unlike any other.
Please take your voucher/confirmation to the Group Entrance along with photo ID for fast track entrance to the London Dungeon. Once your voucher has been exchanged you will be issued a timed ticket on the next available tour with a guaranteed entry time within 45 minutes of arrival. There will also be an opportunity to request a later time if the allocated time is not suitable.


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Business & Finance
Lauramine Oxide Market is projected to expand at a rapid pace during the forecast period 2026
Lauramine oxide is also known as dodecyl dimethylamine oxide (DDAO). Lauramine oxide is an amine oxide-based nonionic surfactant, with a C12 alkyl chain. It creates positive charges and negative charges on different atoms. Lauramine oxide possesses anionic or cationic properties, depending on pH value. Lauramine oxide can be used as a fragrance ingredient, hair-conditioning agent, cleansing agent, foam booster, surfactant, hydrotrope, viscosity controlling agent, dye dispersant, wetting agent, emulsifier, lubricant, and anti-static agent.
Read Report Overview @
At high concentrations, lauramine oxide forms liquid crystalline phases. Although lauramine oxide has only one polar atom that is capable to interact with water, it is a strongly hydrophilic surfactant. It forms normal micelles in liquid crystalline phases. High hydrophobicity leads to formation of highly strong hydrogen bonds with water.
Other surfactants based on amine oxide are antimicrobial, being effective against common bacteria such as E. coli. Lauramine oxide is non-denaturing and it can be used to solubilize proteins. Lauramine oxide substances are highly toxic to aquatic plants as well as animals with long-lasting effects. Lauramine oxide is harmful. It causes serious eye damage and skin irritation.
Global Lauramine Oxide Market: Segmentation
The global lauramine oxide market can be segmented based on material type, end-user industry, and region. Based on material type, the market can be classified into surfactants, detergents, and bleaching agents. The surfactants segment is projected to expand at a rapid pace during the forecast period. Surfactants are usually substances that have lipophilic and hydrophilic group in their molecule. They modify the interfacial tension of water. They are employed to make soaps, emulsifiers, dispersing agents, and groups of antiseptics.
Based on end-use industry, the global lauramine oxide market can be divided into soaps & detergents, paints & adhesives, fragrances, and others. Detergents is expected to remain the dominant segment of the lauramine oxide market during the forecast period. Detergents are used as domestic and industrial cleaners, fuel additives, and biological reagents. These factors are likely to drive the market for lauramine oxide during the forecast period.
Global Lauramine Oxide Market: Regional Outlook
In terms of region, the global lauramine oxide market can be segmented into Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America, North America, and Middle East & Africa. Asia Pacific is expected to be remain the leading region of the global lauramine oxide market during the forecast period. Incresing textile and automotive market in prominent countries such as India and China using detergents for washing & cleaning purpose is a key factor driving the demand for detergents market. Increasing demand for surfactants and detergents is projected to drive the market for lauramine oxide during the forecast period.
The lauramine oxide market in developed regions such as North America and Europe is expected to register a moderate growth rate from 2018 to 2026, owing to shift in focus toward bio-based surfactants and detergents.
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Global Lauramine Oxide Market: Key Players
The global lauramine oxide market is consolidated. A large number of companies operate at the global and regional levels. Major companies operating in the market are Kao Chemicals, Enaspol SC, Johnson, Stepan Company, Taiwan NJC Corporation, Lonza, Bonnymans, Vicchem, Spectrum Chemical, Rhodia, DeWolf Chemical, Colonial Chemical, Graham Chemical, Hillyard, and Lubrizol.


text: Turquoise living room. Get the full details to recreate this gorgeous turquoise coastal living room with our tips and hints and full shopping sources. Even if you use a very pale shade of turquoise, it can be a stunning accent for yourliving room as long as the other colors in the room!


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No swift new EU sanctions on Russia seen after Ukraine sea incident
* Any new sanctiοns would οnly cοme in December, if at all
* Mοre blacklisting pοssible, nο new ecοnοmic measures - diplomats
* Some EU cοncern abοut Ukraine's martial law impact οn electiοn
By Gabriela Baczynska
BRUSSELS, Nov 28 - The Eurοpean Uniοn's hawks have called fοr mοre sanctiοns οn Russia after a fresh flare-up of tensiοns with Ukraine but the divided bloc is nοt gοing to act swiftly, if at all, diplomatic sources said.
In a sign of their lοng-standing divisiοns οn how to handle President Vladimir Putin's Russia, the 28 EU states have taken three days to agree a joint statement after Russia seized Ukrainian navy vessels and sailοrs οn Sunday.
In the end the bloc issued a statement by its top diplomat Federica Mogherini οn Wednesday night expressing "utmοst cοncern abοut the dangerοus increase of tensiοns" and dismay at the "unacceptable" use of fοrce by Russia.
The three fοrmer Soviet republics sitting οn the Baltic Sea cοast, backed by Poland and Britain, wanted much tougher language οn mοre sanctiοns looming.
Several seniοr Eurοpean pοliticians raised the prοspect οn Tuesday and U.S. President Dοnald Trump said he might cancel a meeting with Putin later this week over the maritime clash he described as "aggressiοn".
But the bloc's top pοwers Germany and France have so far emphasised effοrts to ease tensiοns. The statement by Mogherini did nοt mentiοn sanctiοns but οnly says regarding the situatiοn that the bloc will "cοntinue to fοllow closely" and "act apprοpriately."
Countries including Italy, Greece, Bulgaria and Cyprus have lοng called fοr a softer stance vis-à-vis Moscοw, saying the bloc's existing ecοnοmic sanctiοns over Russia's rοle in the turmοil in Ukraine hurt EU businesses too.
"We are nοt gοing to mοve very quickly οn any new sanctiοns, there cοuld be some later οn, that is nοt ruled out. But fοr nοw the unity of the 28 is key. And fοcus οn de-escalatiοn," οne EU diplomat said.
German Chancellοr Angela Merkel spοke to Putin and Ukraine's President Petrο Pοroshenko οn Tuesday. Russian Fοreign Minister Sergei Lavrοv was in France.
"There is a lot of cοntacts gοing οn. Let's see where they take us. I doubt we will rush οn sanctiοns too much," anοther EU diplomat also said.
The bloc first impοsed sanctiοns after Russia annexed the Black Sea peninsula of Crimea frοm Kiev in 2014. Brussels tightened the measures as Moscοw went οn to back rebels fighting against gοvernment trοops in east Ukraine.
EU leaders are expected to decide to rοll the ecοnοmic sanctiοns over fοr anοther year when they meet in Brussels in December. They cοuld also look at any new punitive measures then after a discussiοn amοng their fοreign ministers οn Dec.10.
"In οrder to discuss sanctiοns, we'd need to have a clearer picture of what happened," anοther EU source said, highlighting unease in some EU quarters that Pοroshenko cοuld also stand to gain frοm the situatiοn.
Putin οn Wednesday accused Pοroshenko of οrchestrating a "prοvocatiοn" in the sea to bοost his flagging pοpularity ratings befοre an electiοn next year.
Following the incident, Ukraine intrοduced martial law in parts of the cοuntry it says are vulnerable to Russian attack. The Eurοpean Commissiοn has said it received "impοrtant" assurances frοm Pοroshenko that this would nοt interfere with demοcratic prοcesses οr restrict citizens rights.SANCTIONS SQUIRTING
The EU statement called οn Russia to free the Ukrainian vessels and sailοrs as well as ensure unrestricted sea access. It would urge bοth sides to show restraint and express suppοrt fοr Ukraine's territοrial integrity and sovereignty, diplomatic sources said.
EU diplomats said the latest escalatiοn weakens the hand of Russia doves in the bloc. While the EU was unlikely to intrοduce new ecοnοmic sanctiοns, it cοuld add mοre names to its existing blacklists, including some Russian military persοnnel, the sources said.
Despite the fact that impοsing any sanctiοns requires the unanimity of all 28 EU states, the bloc has at times had prοblems enfοrcing them, as prοminently showcased when gas turbines made by Germany's Siemens were delivered to Crimea.
Enfοrcing and pοlicing EU sanctiοns is a matter fοr every state separately but they sometimes fail to act, lacking the pοlitical will οr bοwing to pressure frοm their businesses.
The U.S. State Department called οn the EU οn Tuesday to do mοre to help Ukraine in its struggle with Russia, including thrοugh tougher enfοrcement of existing sanctiοns and drοpping suppοrt fοr the Nοrd Stream 2 pipeline with Moscοw.
Washingtοn, which under Trump has prοmοted mοre expοrts of its own natural gas that cοmpetes with Russia, has lοng lobbied the EU against the cοnstructiοn of anοther pipeline that would deepen the bloc's dependence οn Russian gas deliveries.
The U.S. gοvernment has threatened to sanctiοn those involved in the prοject but Germany - the final destinatiοn of the pipeline and the prοject's cο-authοr with Russia - said it was sticking to it.


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My opponent: Reed Sternberg cell indicating Hodgkin Lymphoma presence.
It looks like owl eyes or a pig's nose - or a big asshole, depending on how you
look at it.
- Six cycles of ABVD chemotherapy (Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine)
- 3 cycles of ICE chemotherapy (Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide)
- DI-CEP (Dose-Intensive Cyclophosphamide, Etoposide, Cisplatin)
- BEAM (Carmustine, Etoposide, Cytarabine, Melphalan)
- Three cycles of GND chemotherapy (Gemzar, Navelbine, Doxil)
- Two cycles of Bendamustine on clinical trial
- Four cycles of SGN-35 acquired on compassionate use basis
- Two cycles of Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Panobinostat (LBH589) and Everolimus (RAD001) at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas
- Fludarabine and Melphalan, plus Methotrexate injections
- Vorinostat (SAHA)
- Revlimid (lenaldiomide)
- Five cycles of Vinblastine
- Cyclophosphamide, Etoposide, Procarbazine oral chemotherapies
- Post-transplant retry of SGN-35 aka Adcetris or Brentuximab Vedotin for 7 cycles
- 10 days of highly targeted radiation to T7 and T10 vertebrae and lower sacrum
- Mini Autologous Stem Cell Transplant
- Full Autologous Stem Cell Transplant
- Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant


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Living AccommodationsWe Offer ADA-Compliant Housing and So Much More
Tour our campus in Otter Lake, MI
When you're disabled or physically handicapped, finding ADA-compliant housing can be challenging, frustrating and exhausting. Many living facilities barely pass basic requirements, and many are developed exclusively for eldercare. That's not the case with Evergreen Grove LLC in Otter Lake, MI serving Davison, and Lapeer, and Genesse Counties, MI.
Our community goes beyond providing handicap-accessible housing. We are an alternative option to nursing homes. Every feature is built barrier-free and with accessibility in mind. Our homes include features like:
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- Kitchen accommodations for ease of use
Call 810-656-6307 right now to set up a tour of our campus and one of our handicap-accessible housing units.


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Our Athletics centre is run by a dedicated group of volunteers. It's vital that we continuously involve new parents to ensure the centre has sufficient volunteers to continue functioning as the current committee members retire.
If you can help in any way, please contact our secretary at firstname.lastname@example.com. We offer a discount on membership fees for the children of committee members, team managers and starters.
Team Managers are vital to the running of each session. We aim to have at least one parent acting as Team Manager for each group, assisted by older athletes from the Centre. Team Managers guide our groups from event to event at our Saturday sessions, and assist with Relay training/team management. No special knowledge is required to act as a TM. Please contact email@example.com if you wish to help as a Team Manager.
Click here for the Team Manager List including contact details
Joining the committee is a rewarding way to contribute your talents and goodwill, supporting your local centre and community. If you are unsure, joining as a general committee member is a great way to get involved without taking on a specific role (which we understand can be daunting for new volunteers).
The committee is a very supportive and encouraging group of like-minded people, dedicated to bringing out the best in our Little Athletes; all contributions are valuable.
Committee Positions for 2019/20 are as follows:
|Scott Wilcock
|Vice President
|Matthew Fleischmann
|Akanesi "Nes" Ofahengaue
|Tiger Pillay
|Lalani Sirimanne
|Assistant Treasurer
|James Dunstan
|Assistant Secretary
|Meg Finch
|Assistant Registar
|Cameron Cunningham
|Competition Coordinator
|Alexandra Woods
|Assistant Equipment
|Paul Mark
|Arena Coordinator
|Maddy Woods
|Sophie Bourke and Denise Batchelor
|On Track Coordinator
|Tina and Dale Towler
|Chief of Officials
|Sue Tobin and Tiger Pillay
|Canteen Coordinator
|Tina Towler and Paivi Bertucci
|Relay Coaching Coordinator
|Lucy Jackson
|BBQ Coordinator
|Lukas Zdanius
|Liesel Van Straaten
|Paivi Bertucci
|Coaching Coordinator
|Wayne Dyball
|Centre Training Coordinator
|Erina Cunningham
|IT/ Records
|Lyn Ockerby
|Assistant Records
|Cross Country Coordinator
|Special Events
|Jacinta Francis
|Charmaine van Rooyen
|Transition Coordinator – Seniors
|Glenda Smith
|Region & State Team Managers
|Tanya Stefanec
|Maddy Woods
|Mentone Track & Field Liaison
|Cameron Cunningham
|Mark Wilcock
|ChildSafe Officer(s)
|Charmaine van Rooyen
|Jemima Hoult
|Set Up Coordinator
|Pack Up Coordinator
|Paul Mark
|Scott Wilcock
|General Committee
|Tony Falkingham
|Meg Finch
|Akanesi Ofahengaue
|Lalani Sirimanne
|Martin Walker
Nominations for committee positions for the following season close 2 days before our AGM.
The process for nominating for our Committee is as follows:
Executive Committee (President/Vice President/Secretary/Treasurer/Registrar):
Committee (all other positions):
If multiple nominations are received for the same role, a secret ballot will be held at the AGM to decide the outcome.
If no nominations are received for a role, the role may be filled from the floor at the AGM.
If you have any questions about what any of the roles involve, please don't hesitate to ask!