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Rising interest in using wood in non-residential multi-story building structures opens up new opportunities for utilising low-grade hardwoods. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the geographic variation in modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of sugar maple and yellow birch wood in relation to stand and tree characteristics for two regions in New Brunswick, Canada. Mixed effects statistical models were developed to test the effects of stand, tree, and wood sample variables. A second objective was to examine geographic variation in heartwood discolouration in relation to stand and tree characteristics. Between-tree differences (trees nested within sites) accounted for 44% and 35% of the total variation in yellow birch (MOE and MOR, respectively) and for 69% and 60% of total variation in sugar maple. The fixed effects explained only a very small part for the variation in MOE and MOR in the sugar maple data (10% for MOE and 5% for MOR). For sugar maple, mechanical properties (MOE and MOR) at 50% of the radius were considerably lower than those close to the bark, but this radial variation was not noteworthy for yellow birch. Discoloured heartwood proportion had no significant effect on wood mechanical properties.
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Wood Mechanical Properties and Discoloured Heartwood Proportion in Sugar Maple and Yellow Birch Grown in New Brunswick
Isabelle Duchesne,a,* Manon Vincent,b Xiaodong (Alice) Wang,c, Chhun-Huor Ung,a and D. Edwin Swift d
Rising interest in using wood in non-residential multi-story building structures opens up new opportunities for utilising low-grade hardwoods. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the geographic variation in modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of sugar maple and yellow birch wood in relation to stand and tree characteristics for two regions in New Brunswick, Canada. Mixed effects statistical models were developed to test the effects of stand, tree, and wood sample variables. A second objective was to examine geographic variation in heartwood discolouration in relation to stand and tree characteristics. Between-tree differences (trees nested within sites) accounted for 44% and 35% of the total variation in yellow birch (MOE and MOR, respectively) and for 69% and 60% of total variation in sugar maple. The fixed effects explained only a very small part for the variation in MOE and MOR in the sugar maple data (10% for MOE and 5% for MOR). For sugar maple, mechanical properties (MOE and MOR) at 50% of the radius were considerably lower than those close to the bark, but this radial variation was not noteworthy for yellow birch. Discoloured heartwood proportion had no significant effect on wood mechanical properties.
Keywords: Low-grade hardwoods; End-use suitability; MOE; MOR; Sugar maple; Yellow birch; Statistical models; Geographic variation
Contact information: a: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, P.O. Box 10380, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada; b: Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, 5700, 4e Avenue Ouest, Québec QC, G1H 6R1, Canada; c: Wood Technology and Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Forskargatan 1, SE-931 87 Skellefteå, Sweden (Former postdoc at Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Québec, Canada); d: Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, P.O. Box 4000, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5P7, Canada; *Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com
Hardwood sawmills generate direct economic outcomes similar to the softwood industry, but at a smaller production scale (Trudelle et al. 2009). Over the past decade, the eastern Canadian hardwood lumber industry has been less competitive because of the limited availability of high-quality hardwoods combined with a particularly difficult economic situation (FPInnovations 2014). The decline in the overall quality of northern hardwood forests has been attributed to repeated selective harvest (high grading) practices of the past centuries.
In eastern Canada and northeastern United States, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) are among the most important commercial hardwood species and have been typically used for the manufacturing of furniture, cabinetry, millwork, and flooring (Mullins and McKnight 1981). These appearance-based products generally require high-quality clear wood cuttings with a uniform colour that are free of visual defects on one or two board surfaces, depending on specific end-uses (Pearson 2009; McDonald 2010). In degraded stands, wood discolouration can reduce grade and volume yields and cause major value loss (Ohman 1968). However, although the availability of high-quality hardwoods has declined, the high density of these species makes them suitable for a range of structural applications. Indeed, in recent years, the interest in using hardwoods in structural applications has increased (Dill-Langer and Aicher 2014; Gong et al. 2015). Efforts have been made to add value to hardwood blocks by using them in engineered structural wood products (Verreault 2000). Hardwoods have been used for the production of structural plywood or glued-laminated materials, such as truck bedding (Sellers et al. 1988) and laminated wood railway ties (Gong et al. 2013). When stands contain small-diameter trees of marginal value for traditional uses, the lower-grade hardwood resources can be used in composite products, such as fibreboard, particleboard, and flakeboard, where product quality is not a direct function of stem quality (Sellers et al. 1988). The emergence of multi-story wood-frame buildings in Canada and European countries may also provide an opportunity to explore the potential use of lower-grade hardwoods in new structural applications such as in high-performance timber columns (Aicher et al. 2014; Candelario 2015). To this end, it is important to increase our knowledge of hardwood properties to ensure uniform or predictable quality of products from our forests. Compared with softwoods, hardwoods have received little attention in terms of characterising its wood fibre attributes such as stiffness and strength. Among the few studies available, Jessome (2000) and Kretschmann (2010) characterised the strength properties of sugar maple and yellow birch from eastern Canada and northeastern United States, respectively. However, mechanical property studies on hardwoods provide often limited or no information about stand growth conditions. Consequently, there is still a gap in our understanding of the relationships between wood fibre characteristics and stand growth conditions (Duchesne and Letarte 2013).
The objective of this study was to evaluate the geographic variation in modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR), and discoloured heartwood proportion (HW) of sugar maple and yellow birch wood in relation to stand and tree characteristics for two ecoregions of the province of New Brunswick, Canada. Mixed effects statistical models are developed in this study to test the effects of stand, tree, and wood sample variables on hardwood MOE and MOR.
Stand and Tree Measurements
In the autumn of 2009, eight sites were selected in two ecoregions in New Brunswick (NB): the Central Uplands near Fredericton, and the Northern Uplands northeast of Edmundston (Table 1, Zelazny et al. 1989). Located in the northern hardwoods of the Acadian Forest Region (Rowe 1972), the study sites consisted primarily of various proportions of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), yellow birch, red maple (Acer rubrum L.), and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), which are very typical of the hardwood resource in New Brunswick. All stands were unevenly aged and mature and had had some partial harvesting (most recent cuts occurred 3 to 15 years before tree harvest). Because eastern North America has a long history of silvicultural activities, selective harvesting has been practiced over the last 100 years (Swift et al. 2013). At each site, two 11.28-m radius circular plots (400 m2) were laid, in which the dominant tree height and the diameter at breast height (DBH) of each live merchantable tree larger than 9 cm were measured. Basal area (G) was averaged from the data of the two plots (Table 1). Thereafter, five sample trees were randomly selected per temporary plot, for a total of 10 trees per site. The 80 trees were harvested for analysis of lumber product volume and grade recoveries (Duchesne et al. 2012). However, for the modelling of mechanical properties, 18 trees could not be used because of internal defects (e.g., checks, decay, and knots) and/or incomplete stand- or tree-level data, for a total number of 62 trees (Table 2). Sample tree DBH ranged between 24 and 46 cm for both species (Table 3). The measured tree attributes were stem diameter at 1.30 m (DBH_cm), total height (H_tot_m) and crown variables, i.e., crown width (WidCr_dm), live crown length (lenCr_m), and crown area (Crown_area_m2). Tree age (Tree age) was also estimated based on the ring count on a disk cut at a stump height of approximately 15 cm above ground (no age correction).
Table 1. Study Site Descriptive Data
Table 2. Number of Trees and Small Clear Specimens by Site and Species; Specimen Location: A) Near the bark; C) 50% of radius
Table 3. Stand and Tree Characteristics
1Stdev: Standard deviation
Small Clear Specimen Preparation and Testing in Static Bending
A 30-cm bolt was cut after the first sawlog of each sample tree. Because trees were bucked to maximise lumber recovery, the height at which bolts were cut varied between 1.8 m and 7.0 m (3.7 m on average), depending on tree quality. Expressed as the relative tree height, the bolts were extracted on average at 18% of the total tree height (range: 9% to 36%).
Heartwood diameter (HW_Diam_mm and HW_rel_Diam), defined as brown-reddish discoloured wood that is not white sapwood, was measured on the cross section of each bolt (average of north-south and east-west diameters). For each bolt, a slice including the pith was first sawn, from which two 10 mm x 10 mm x 190 mm small clear specimens were extracted: one near the bark in the sapwood (A), the other at 50% of the radius (C). These slices were sawn in the east-west direction, unless a major defect occurred. The 62 sample trees produced a total of 122 defect-free small clear specimens that could be successfully tested (Table 2).
For each specimen tested, the following data were recorded: location (Spec_Loc, A or C), number of rings per specimen (Nb_Ring), mean ring width (MeanRingW_mm), and sample height within the tree (Sample_H). Thereafter, specimens were placed in a conditioning room (20 °C, 65% relative humidity) until they reached an equilibrium moisture content of 12%.
MOE and MOR tests were performed at FPInnovations with an MTS ReNew Upgrade universal testing machine (MTS Headquarters, Eden Prairie, Minnesota, U.S.A.) following the ASTM-D-143-94 (ASTM 2007) standard test method for small clear specimens. Specimens were placed with growth rings horizontal and tested at 12% moisture content using a span of 140 mm. Basic density (oven-dry wood weight/green volume) of each specimen was measured according to ASTM-D-2395-07 (ASTM 2009). Table 4 is a summary of specimen characteristics.
Table 4. Small Clear Wood Specimen Characteristics and Average Mechanical Properties
1 Measured on the transversal section of each 30-cm bolt (before cutting the two specimens)
2 Measured on each specimen
Model Development for MOE and MOR
The dataset had a hierarchical structure, implying interdependence of observations. Specifically, MOE and MOR measurements were nested within trees, which were nested within sites. Mixed linear models were thus used to investigate variations within as well as among trees and sites (Brown and Prescott 2006). Random site and tree effects were included in the models to allow parameter estimates to vary around the population mean at the level of each grouping factor. Normality of variables was verified graphically and data transformation (centering) applied when needed.
Using the variables listed in Table 5, mixed models were developed in successive steps. First, three groups of models were built to described MOE and MOR variations with 1) tree, 2) stand, and 3) sample and wood attribute characteristics, then global models were built, which accounts for the joint effects of the tree and stand, tree and sample, tree, sample and stand characteristics on MOE and MOR variations. Interaction terms between Spec_Loc X Sample_H_m, Nb_ring_Spec X Sample_H_m, HW_Diam_mm X Spec_Loc, and H_tot_m X Sample_H_m were assumed to incorporate the effect of juvenile wood on mechanical properties. All a priori multilevel linear models were then compared to identify the main factors related to MOE and MOR variations in both yellow birch and sugar maple. Model selection was performed using the AICcmodavg package in R (Mazerolle 2012). This led to uncertainties regarding the selection of the best model to be assessed using a model averaging technique (also referred to as "multimodel inference"). The package computes the weighted estimates of the predictions for a given predictor variable across all models. The weighting of parameter estimates is given by the model probabilities, which are derived from Akaike's weights (Mazerolle 2006). Normality of residuals was verified graphically, and the multicollinearity between data and the distribution of residuals vs. predicted values was verified using a variance inflation factor (VIF).
Table 5. List of Explanatory Variables Tested for Modelling MOE and MOR
Hardwood Mechanical Property Models
Several candidate models were developed and compared for each species. For yellow birch MOR, five models appeared equivalent among all the models tested (Akaike weight of first models lower than 0.90, and delta AICc (i) < 2, Mazerolle 2006, data not shown). Three models included sample and tree variables, and two more complex models included interactions between Sample_H_m and other variables. The best model for predicting birch MOE included only sample and tree variables. For maple MOE and MOR, a dozen models appeared equivalent. All these models included only sample and tree variables for MOE, sample variables alone, and sample and tree variables for MOR. Using models averaging and the 95% confidence intervals (CI), it appears that only Nb_ring_Spec (CI= 261.84, 707.5), Tree_age (CI= -39.24, -4.07), and LenCr_m (CI= -756.38, -138.74) showed strong evidence of having a significant influence (effect ≠0) in yellow birch MOE variations. In birch MOR models, Nb_ring_Spec (CI= 1.06, 5.19) and Tree_age (CI= -0.39, -0.08) had a significant effect on MOR variations. Spec_Loc (CI= -1900.1, -745.61) was the only sample variable having a significant influence on sugar maple MOE while Spec_Loc (CI=-10.83, -1.77) and Nb_ring_Spec (CI= 0.27, 2.82) had a significant effect on sugar maple MOR variations. The fixed effects parameters estimates, standard deviation (Stdev) and summary statistics of final models are presented (Table 6). Thus, the final equations for models are:
Sugar maple MOEijk = α0 + ai + bj(i) + α4Spec_Loc + eijk (1)
Sugar maple MORijk = α0 + ai + bj(i) + α2Nb_ring_Spec + α4Spec_Loc + eijk (2)
Yellow birch MOEijk = α0 + ai + bj(i) + α1Nb_ring_Spec + α2Tree_age +α3LenCr_m + eijk (3)
Yellow birch MORijk = α0 + ai + bj(i) + α1Nb_ring_Spec + α2Tree_age + eijk (4)
where α0, α1, α2 and α3 are the fixed effects parameters. The random elements a, b, and e are assumed to be independent and normally distributed. ai denotes the site random effect bj(i)the tree nested in site random effect and eijk the within group error.
Table 6. Parameters Estimates, Standard Errors (SE), Variance Component (Stdev), and Summary Statistics of Final Models
Results showed that between-site differences represented a negligible portion of the total variation for yellow birch mechanical properties in this study, while it accounted for about 20% of the total variation for sugar maple. However, between-tree differences (tree nested within sites) accounted for 44% and 35% of the total variation in yellow birch (MOE and MOR respectively) and for 69% and 60% of total variation in sugar maple. The fixed effects explained only a very small part for the variation in MOE and MOR in the sugar maple data (10% for MOE and 5% for MOR). The HW_Diam_mm effect and its interaction with Spec_Loc were tested, and these were not significant either in sugar maple or in yellow birch. Yellow birch age and crown length significantly affected MOE and MOR, but this was not the case for maple. Yellow birch MOE and MOR appeared significantly lower in older trees and birch MOE was lower in trees with long live crowns (Fig. 1). Older birch trees may lack vigour (senescence) and grow wood with lower mechanical properties. Jelonek et al. (2015) studied the effect of tree senescence on the properties of wood tissues in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). They found a marked decline in basic density and MOE after the tree age exceeded approximately 75 to 80 years, indicating a dynamic ageing process expressed in the gradual deterioration of wood tissue properties. In the North Shore region of Québec, Torquato et al.(2014) found that MOE and MOR in black spruce were higher in samples from stands of regular structure (mean tree age: 101 years) compared with that of very old stands of irregular structure (mean tree age: 165 years). It can be hypothesized that wood formation in maple and birch may follow a senescence pattern similar to that of softwoods with tree age. No information on the effects of tree senescence on hardwood properties was found, perhaps because the primary use of hardwoods is for appearance-based products.
On the other hand, long crowns of dominant trees may also confer lower mechanical properties when growth rates are excessive in relation to the normal growth of the species. Thus, it seems that we observe two interacting, complex mechanisms regulating birch wood formation and properties: one related to tree age and the other to growth rate.
Fig. 1. Predicted MOE and MOR variations with tree age and crown length in yellow birch. Lines are the predicted values using fixed effects parameters only. Average crown length (13 m) was chosen within the equation to show fitted MOE and MOR variations with age, whereas average tree age (112 years old) was chosen within the equation to show fitted MOE and MOR variations with crown length.
Geographic Variation in Mechanical Properties
Small clear specimen average MOE and MOR values are shown in Table 4. Compared with data in the literature (Jessome 2000), the sugar maple average value was 24% lower for MOE (14100 MPa vs. 10684 MPa in this study) but similar for MOR (115.0 vs. 113.2 MPa). For yellow birch, MOE was 22% lower (14100 MPa vs. 10954 MPa in this study) and similar for MOR (106.0 vs. 106.5 MPa in this study). A simple Pearson correlation analysis indicated a strong positive link between MOE and MOR for both species (r = 0.87 for sugar maple and 0.85 for yellow birch).
MOE and MOR variation between sites appeared larger for sugar maple, while birch MOE and MOR appear relatively homogeneous between sites (Fig. 2). These results should be regarded with caution because of the very limited number of sample trees analysed at each site, especially for birch (Table 2). As shown in the previous modelling section, site variables had no effect on MOE and MOR. There was no statistically significant difference in MOE and MOR between the ecoregions of Northern and Central Uplands for both species, suggesting that growth conditions within the Acadian Forest region were comparable, or did not vary to the point of inducing notable changes in MOE and MOR. The relationship between mechanical properties and specimen basic density was similar for the two species: MOE stayed more or less constant throughout the range of wood densities measured while MOR tended to slightly increase with increasing density (but the trend was not statistically significant).
The effect of specimen location on MOE and MOR is shown in Fig. 3. For maple, MOE from clearwood located at 50% of the radius (C) was 9961 MPa, and it increased to 11407 MPa near the bark (A) (+14.5%), while for MOR it increased from 110.0 MPa at position C to 116.4 MPa at position A, (+5.8%). For yellow birch, MOE increased from 10471.8 MPa (C) to 11436.0 MPa (A) (+9.2%), and MOR from 104.9 MPa (C) to 108.1 MPa (A) (+3.1%), but this variation, which is related to specimen location, was not statistically significant. For maple, specimens near the bark (A) were stiffer than those at position C at all sites. For birch, four out of six sites had stiffer wood near the bark (A). The two sites that showed the contrary also had the smallest number of samples of all birch sites: P2 (2 trees) and P7 (1 tree). This suggests that birch may follow a similar radial trend as maple, but a more extensive sampling would be needed to verify this.
Geographic Variation in Discoloured Heartwood
In this study, heartwood refers to a darker brown-reddish discolouration of traumatic origin (also called red heartwood) developed in sugar maple and yellow birch wood as a result of tree injuries and invasion by microorganisms (Shigo 1967; Hallaksela and Niemistö 1998; Drouin et al. 2009). These hardwoods do not develop a regular, genetically-programmed "true"-coloured heartwood as in other species (e.g., oaks). Traumatic heartwood discolouration has no effect on wood mechanical properties (Shmulsky and Jones 2011). Similarly, no effect on the mechanical properties of wood as a result of a change from sapwood to regular, "true"-colored heartwood has been found in most species in the United States (USDA 1966), and for white and red oaks in Europe (Merela and Cufar 2013).
Discoloured heartwood proportion varied greatly from site to site and was larger in birch compared with maple (27.6% vs. 20.8%, Fig. 4). It tended to increase with tree age only for birch (Fig. 5). In the province of Québec, red heartwood proportions of 36.4% and 36.8% were reported for sugar maple and yellow birch, respectively (Havreljuk et al. 2013). The proportion of discoloured wood had no significant effect on small clear mechanical properties, which concurs with the literature (Shmulsky and Jones 2011).
Fig. 2. Box-plot of MOE and MOR variations in relation to geographic sites. The New Brunswick Ecoregions of Central Uplands and Northern Uplands are represented by study sites P1 to P4 and P5 to P8, respectively.
Fig. 3. Box-plot of MOE and MOR variations with specimen location (A: near the bark, C: 50% of the radius). Bold black lines show median of the sample. Thin, dotted lines show the average MOE and MOR for each location.
Fig. 4. Heartwood proportion (%) in relation to sites for sugar maple and yellow birch in New Brunswick's ecoregions of Central (P1 to P4) and Northern (P5 to P8) Uplands
Fig. 5. Heartwood proportion (%) of sugar maple and yellow birch in relation to tree age
- In this study, there was no significant effect of ecoregion on hardwood MOE and MOR. In the models developed, a large amount of MOE and MOR variation was explained by random effects, which means that the explanatory variables tested poorly explained the response variables, especially for sugar maple where fixed effects explained only 10% and 5% of MOE and MOR variation, respectively. These results were due to between-site variation that was more important in sugar maple models compared with yellow birch models.
- Clear wood specimens located at 50% of the radius showed a MOE and MOR significantly lower than those located close to the bark for maple, but not for birch. MOR in maple was also slightly affected by the number of rings by specimen (growth rate indicator). In birch, the number of rings per specimen as well as tree age significantly affected MOE and MOR, both of which decreased with tree age. Crown length negatively affected birch MOE.
- A positive relationship was observed between tree age and heartwood proportion, only for birch. Heartwood proportion did not have any significant effect on MOE and MOR.
- The indication that crown length and age affected internal wood attributes in yellow birch opens up the possibility for forest managers to positively manipulate tree growth conditions to obtain specific internal wood characteristics.
This study is part of the Eastern Hardwood Research Initiative launched in 2008 by FPInnovations to assist in the maximisation of the hardwood value chain: from forest to end product. This initiative includes the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec, and Ontario, and receives federal government support under the Transformative Technologies Program. The authors are grateful to the New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources for providing initial study site information. A special thanks to Roger Gagné, Francis Tanguay, Luc Bédard, Ghislain Veilleux, Gavin Comeau, Riley DeMerchant, and Brian Williams for collecting field data, and to Pamela Cheers for an editorial review.
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Article submitted: August 25, 2015; Peer review completed: December 1, 2015; Revised version received and accepted: December 15, 2015; Published: January 13, 2016.
DOI: 10.15376/biores.11.1.2007-2019


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If you're just launching your online marketing efforts, it can be tempting to think the game is over.
Nothing could be further from the truth.
Needles in haystacks
I lost count of how many times I ran fruitless searches in Google and even my beloved Yelp, only to find inconclusive or wrong results.
The image, above, is a screenshot of a search in my local area in Yelp for 'Sunday breakfast'.
Guess what?
Mr Tulk cafe comes up, the reviews read well but when I looked more closely at this listing I discovered what my 6yo daughter and I discovered on foot; it is closed on Sundays.
Inside knowledge doesn't help
When you consider that I'm someone who works in the field of online marketing and I had trouble finding useful information when on holiday with time and money to spend, heaven help the ordinary punter to find what they're looking for!
What saddens me the most is just thinking about how many 'would have been' customers went home with their money still in their pockets.
How many lost opportunities, how much lost income for wages and businesses?
Please take time to think deeply this week
My yearning this week is for you to find a half hour to stop and think deeply about what 'needs' people might lead people to search for solutions, products or services you provide.
This exercise is one of the crucial things we look at in our Fast Track Marketing Plans.
Think about what they might need, when they might need it, who they might need it for, etc.
We've been working with a local shopping precinct recently and one of the things I recall is helping local business owners not just think of their regular customers but also about prospective customers who might be close by without knowing it or be flitting in and out of the area with needs most likely being met by multinationals.
Do you have holiday accommodation in your area? Do you have schools? Do you have transit hubs? Do you have health centres and hospitals?
The beauty of blogging on your WordPress website is that you have the platform for helping develop your story and unfold the many reasons the world needs you.
The next step is to find a way to wander around your area and get inside the minds, habits and needs of visitors, strangers and locals so you can understand their particular needs and then work on closing the gap and using Google to bring your worlds together.
I was also surprised that few, if any, local businesses in Melbourne were ethically eavesdropping on me, as we've discussed previously.
While away, I tweeted some questions seeking tips on good #espresso in#Melbourne (surprisingly rare despite the reputation) to no avail.
This was a missed opportunity, especially when you consider our little, Adelaide-based team has been teaching businesses how to eavesdrop for many years.
A final word: Attend to the basics
We just had our local government elections where the focus was on getting local issues corrected and so too should we share that focus in our marketing.
Make sure you leave other busy, local business owners behind, by making sure you have claimed or updated your Google+ Business Page.
Your Google+ Business Page is significantly important if you have a physical, public location, because it can hypercharge Google search results listings and ensure you make it onto 'the map'.
It also makes sense to spend 5 minutes claiming your free Yelp listing to ensure details are accurate and that more seach result positions are taken away from those junk, web content scraping sites and directories that clog Google.
So, if you ever fear that you are behind the pack in the realm of online marketing, please take a deep breath, and head off in search of your ideal customers on their terms. There's a very good chance nobody else is bothering!

subset: commoncrawl


text: Q08 Dancing Foxes Press is an independent publishing platform whose mission is to render into distinctive form ideas that emerge from the minds of artists, writers, and scholars. Projects are driven by content and collaboration. Through research, editorial support, and hands-on production and craftsmanship, the Press develops and produces tangible representations of inspired concepts.


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- Annex A 103
- 773-803-1185
- email@example.com
Matt Reichel is a doctoral student in media studies specializing in the interplay between emergent digital communication technologies and radical social movements, with side interests in revolutionary theory, post-Marxist thought, post-modernism, and independent journalism. Prior to commencing his doctoral studies at Rutgers, Reichel worked as a freelance writer and journalist for several reputable online publications, including Alternet, Salon and Counterpunch.
Reichel obtained his undergraduate degree in political science and history at the University of Illinois (Urbana) and his master's degree in diplomacy and international relations at the American Graduate School of Paris. All the while, he has ever been engaged in praxis: working to put his theoretical view of social change into action. Among other things, he was one of the leaders of the anti-Iraq War movement in Urbana in 2002-2003, and has subsequently been involved in various capacities with the Green Party, the Occupy movement, and the French student movement against the "First Employment Contract" in 2005-2006. His research currently focuses on the role of discourse and pedagogy in realizing radical breaks in social consciousness and structure, and how the interaction between ideas, discourse and society have been altered in the digital age.
American Graduate School (Paris)
M.A., International Relations and Diplomacy
University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign)
B.A., Political Science


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Icebreaker's Siren Tank is made with ultralight merino with a touch of Lycra for a perfect fit. Wear it as a soft and gentle stand-alone layer or as a cozy underlayer in cooler conditions.
Get the latest news, specials, tips and discount information.
Join our Rewards Program, and enjoy the Benefits. Lifetime membership is only $10.
© 2007 - 2020 Great Miami Outfitters • All rights reserved.


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We'll be having a little nighttime fun this Friday. Meet at Marvin Braude Mulholland Gateway Park (top of Reseda Blvd. in Trazana) or at San Vicente Mountain Park (Nike Base in Encino) at 5pm, then ride to Sullivan Ridge down to Murphy Ranch Ruins for a guided tour of this historic site by an expert in local lore. Wear a costume (or bling your bike) for a chance to win a prize. There will be snacks and other goodies. Lights mandatory.
Registration is not necessary, but if you want to you can go to http://www.meetup.com/CORBAmtb/events/143165212/


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Mining Rot – Can Magufuli Shake the Dust Off Ruling Party?
As Tanzanians grapple with what exactly to make of the findings of two presidential committees tasked with investigating the mineral concentrates saga, the spotlight is now on the pair of hands that are accused of signing the bad deals that have caused the Treasury shocking losses in potential revenue.
That Tanzania has had a raw deal in the mining sector is a public secret. The overly generous Mining Act of 1998 and the loose Mineral Development Agreements have been a subject of public debate that led to the formation of numerous probe committees in the past 10 years.
The Mining Policy of 2010, the subsequent Mining Act 2010 and the Tanzania Extractive Industries (Transparency and Accountability) Act, 2015 were results of the public outcry, and repeated investigations.
What has changed this time round is the manner in which the investigations were carried out and presented.
While reports of previous investigations were presented to the President in privacy, the two reports commissioned by President John Magufuli have been presented in a very public manner.
By 'involving' the public, President Magufuli knows what he is doing; he knows all too well the kind of battle he is waging.
After unearthing the rot in the sector, his predecessor, President Jakaya Kikwete, set out to plug the loopholes, to ensure the country does not continue getting a raw deal. The fourth phase government then came up with the Mining Act, which brought about significant changes, which, however, were to affect investments that were registered after the Act was passed. Those that entered before the law was passed were to remain unaffected.
Some of the changes in the Mining Act were to increase gold royalty from 3 per cent to 5 per cent, obliging mining firms to register at the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange or to cede part of ownership to State Mining Company (Stamico).
President Kikwete's approach in as far as mining investors who made their commitment before the Mining Act 2010 are concerned, was to appeal to their goodwill to re-nogiate the MDAs. President Magufuli, on the other hand, has decided to take the bull by its horns.
Yet all in all, the opposition and independent analysts say the rot in the mining sector, in energy, at the Dar es Salaam Port, has laid bare how the ruling party, CCM, has presided over the bleeding of Tanzania's natural resources, for the benefit of a few senior government official, and much to the loss of the millions of poor Tanzanians.
Those who spoke to Political Platform after the release of the latest probe report on Monday say that the ruling party should take responsibility for the rot in mining and other sectors, and the losses the nation has suffered in decades.
But Prof Benson Bana, a senior lecturer at the University of Dar es Salaam, says it's not just the government technocrats, and CCM big shots, who should be held responsible for the mess.
"CCM can hardly distance itself from this saga, (but) neither can civil society organisations (CSOs) and the media, who failed to sound the alarm early enough," he says.
Abusing majority
Prof George Shumbusho, from Mzumbe University, blames CCM lawmakers for abusing their majority in Parliament to pass "dubious legislations" that have, for years now, been denying the country the full benefits of its natural resources.
The Mining Act of 1997 that President Magufuli on Monday said should be reviewed was controversially passed in an instant by Parliament under a certificate of urgency that sidelined all scrutiny.
"I support the President's initiatives. Hopefully, many other critics, including Mr Tundu Lissu, will change their outlook after going through the second presidential report," he said.
Prof Gaudens Mpangala of Ruaha Catholic University (Rucu), says it was CCM, which changed the country's policy in the early 1990s, disbanding the Arusha Declaration in favour of the Zanzibar Declaration embracing capitalism, which was associated with several conditions from the Bretton Woods institutions — the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
"The President's efforts should be extended to other companies as only few of them have been touched. The country's tourism sector also need to be carefully probed," he said.
"The country's economic system should be reformed considering our relationship with other countries. Income generated in the mining sector and tourism should be invested in the country's agriculture which employ majority of Tanzanians, a move which would have helped us realise the green revolution in the near future," he added.
But, St Augustine University of Tanzania (Saut) lecturer, Prof Mwesiga Baregu, was of the opinion that President Magufuli couldn't distance himself with the rot in the mining sector, because he served as a cabinet minister during the Benjamin Mkapa and Jakaya Kikwete administrations.
"First of all, he is supposed to tell us why he has been quiet all the time as he served the government as a cabinet minister. There are many other issues, which need to be addressed. The constitution draft proposed by the Constitution Reform Commission (CRC) had provided sustainable means of protecting our natural resources, unfortunately it was not adopted by the Constituent Assembly," he said.
Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI) manager for East and Southern Africa, Mr Silas Olan'g, says for years the lack of political will has been the stumbling block in correcting the wrongs done by previous administrations in the extraction of minerals and other resources.
He said it was due to demand for transparency that the extractive industry transparency body was formed.
However, its shortcomings was reporting revenue collected by the companies and amounts paid to the government in terms of income tax, withholding tax, royalties, service charges and other levies without establishing contractual agreements made by the two sides.
"There are three reasons why contracts have never been made public. Firstly, the government officials who were entrusted with negotiating the contracts would be exposed if the contracts were made public. Secondly, officials who negotiated the contracts might have been bribed to accept keeping the contracts secret," he said.
But, Mr Musambya Mutambala, a researcher from the Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Research Organisation said President Magufuli's mining reports should awaken Tanzanians to be keen on protecting their own resources.


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Commercial Vehicle Crashes in Dallas
Professional drivers face very different demands than the rest of us. There are a number state and federal guidelines that dictate how drivers of commercial motor vehicles must conduct themselves on the road and what employers of commercial drivers can ask of their employees.
Meeting these demands is not always an easy task, but these requirements are put into place due to the fact that commercial vehicle drivers are operating large machines that have the potential to cause serious damage to other motorists. This is precisely why we have laws that hold commercial vehicle drivers accountable to a higher standard.
The commercial vehicle accident attorneys at Guajardo & Marks have seen what happens to victims in these terrible accidents, and we know how important it is for professional drivers, and their employers, to adhere to the highest standards of safety.
What is a Commercial Motor Vehicle?
Commercial motor vehicles (CMVs) include vehicles that carry goods, like tractor-trailers, and vehicles that carry passengers, like commercial buses. While the loads they carry can be quite different, the standards placed upon the people that operate them are very similar. They must obtain special licenses, called commercial driver licenses (CDLs), and they must adhere to rules, including the Hours of Service rules, which dictate how long a driver can legally operate a vehicle for a given amount of time.
Commercial Vehicle Accidents in Texas
The Texas Department of Transportation releases yearly reports on vehicle accidents. The following statistics, taken from 2014, show how common commercial vehicle accidents are in our state.
- In 2014, there were 23,327 crashes involving tractor-trailers in Texas, 417 of which causes fatalities and 839 of which resulted in incapacitating injuries.
- There were 2,127 crashes involving buses in Texas, 12 of which resulted in fatalities and 46 which caused incapacitating injuries.
Possible Damages Caused by Commercial Motor Vehicle Accidents
Just like any other type of vehicle accident in Texas, the damage left in the wake of a collision can be calamitous for victims. Possible damages include:
- Broken Bones
- Organ Damage
- Spinal Cord Injuries
- Traumatic Brain Injuries
- Burns
- Paralysis
- Wrongful Death
Property Damage:
- Vehicle Damage
- Damage to Other Property Struck by Vehicles
- Damage to Property Within the Vehicle
Financial Loss:
- Loss in Value of Vehicle
- Costs of Repairing or Replacing a Vehicle
- Costs of Emergency Medical Response (Ambulances, Emergency Medical Care)
- Medical Bills for Initial Treatment at a Facility
- Ongoing Treatment and Rehabilitation
- Changes in Insurance Payment.
When a commercial vehicle driver's negligence, or the negligence of their employer, causes a serious accident, victims can pursue legal action to cover the costs of these damages. In most cases, this is done in the form of a personal injury claim, in which a victim seeks compensation for bodily harm and financial losses suffered from the accident. When negligence leads to the death of a victim, that victim's family can pursue a wrongful death claim to seek compensation for the pain, suffering and financial loss that stems from the loss of their loved one.
What We Will Investigate
We will review the facts of your case to determine whether it is best to take legal action against a driver or the driver's employer. Many truckers work on contract for shippers or trucking companies, meaning they are self-employed. In these cases, we will likely pursue legal action against the driver. There are many factors that lead to commercial vehicle accidents, and we will investigate the circumstances surrounding your accident to determine any underlying and contributing causes.
The Dallas commercial motor vehicle attorneys at Guajardo & Marks have represented many clients in personal injury and wrongful death claims in these types of accidents. The driver of commercial vehicles are often employed by large companies who are prepared for the eventuality of an accident, and they will use every resource to reduce their liability and lessen the amount of money they pay to victims.
You need an attorney that has dealt with these companies before and isn't afraid to stand up for your legal rights. It is important to act quickly, since the outcome of these cases can often be determined by actions taken immediately following a collision. Contact Guajardo & Marks today for a free consultation. We charge no fee unless we win.


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According the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, there are some new players in consideration for positions on the Packers D-line, including Jason Taylor. USA Today has reported that Jason Taylor was released this afternoon. The Redskins just smashed their piggy bank to sign Albert Haynesworth and DeAngelo Hall. Taylor was a disappointment in Washington last year and […]
Posts Tagged 'jason taylor'
Make a Move Ted!
March 2nd, 2009 Justin Brasser Posted in Opinions
Taylor Reportedly Not Interested in Packers Trade Desires
June 21st, 2008 Matt Loede Posted in News
The Packers reportedly were interested in getting their hands on Dolphins unhappy DE Jason Taylor, but according to a source close to Taylor, the former Defensive Player of the Year is not headed for the land of cheese. "I don't see it happening," a source close to Taylor said Friday. "He's been through that quarterback […]


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Monash English Bridging
English score too low for Monash?
Monash English Bridging
JPT/BPP(u)1000-801/595/Jld.6(2) (03/20) - MQA/SWA0118
If you have missed out on a place at Monash University Malaysia because of your English language score, Monash English Bridging (MEB) may offer you a way to your chosen degree course at Monash.
Students who successfully complete the MEB will gain automatic entry to Monash schools. There is no need to re-sit the IELTS or any other English test.
Another advantage of doing the MEB course is that you will be trained to do all the main tasks that university students need to do, such as academic reading, writing, speaking, listening, note-taking and research. In MEB, not only will you be improving your English language skills, you will also be improving your study skills for successful degree studies at Monash.
So MEB provides an ideal way for students to bridge the gap between school education and the many demands of a university education. The MEB course has been preparing both Malaysian and International students for study at Monash University Malaysia since 2005.
The course takes 20 weeks to complete and runs daily from Monday to Friday.
Class time daily from Mondays to Fridays: 8.30am – 1.00pm
NB: Time and day may be subject to change as and when necessary.


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Ageing safety solutions do not necessarily require large investments
In a time where the focus on cost savings is at its peak, we need to ensure that the safety of the installations still meets the requirements and that we still can claim to be "top of the league" regarding safety in the Petroleum sector.
The Norwegian Petroleum Safety Authority (PSA) has in an article raised concerns regarding the combination of ageing installations, the amount of outstanding maintenance and demands for cost reduction. What effect will this have on the risk level?
Align Nexus believes there are many different approaches to sustaining an acceptable risk level, while at the same time reducing the cost of upgrading, maintaining and replacing the different technical safety barriers on offshore/onshore oil and gas installations.
Align Nexus' capability to review the barrier
Align Nexus has a unique combination of technical safety expertise and specialist expertise within individual technical safety barriers/-systems. This includes expert knowledge with regard to design, operation, maintenance and modification of these systems. If modifications are found to be required, this knowledge enables us to develop cost efficient solutions that maintain the required risk reduction according to governing rules and regulations and the specific installations risk level.
Typical reviews:
- Barrier integrity
- Barrier verification
- Verification of consistency of owners technical safety documentation
- Identify non-compliances
- Develop required modifications for compliance
Align Nexus has broad experience within such reviews:
Alvheim Fail Safe Study: Review of Alvheim ESD, PSD and F&G system for definition of "Fail Safe" settings for individual signals in the control systems.
Statfjord Field A/B/C FEED F&G Upgrade: Concept and subsequent FEED Study. Develop and recommend technical solution for upgrading all parts of the F&G system including detector type and coverage.
Oseberg C SAS Upgrade: Concept study to evaluate extended lifetime of existing SAS System and evaluate cost strategy.
Talisman Gyda Ignition Source Upgrade: Study and subsequent project execution. Develop new Shutdow philosophy with ignition source control according to regulations. Develop technical solution and installation strategy.
Obsolescence relating to critical systems may also have a negative impact on the barriers and their performance over time. Systems need to be in place to address and handle this risk. Align Nexus can undertake studies on how to mitigate obsolescence relating to defined safety systems or develop Company specific Strategy on how to manage obsolescence in general.
As a safety system specialist, Align Nexus can also provide an independent upgrade strategy for extended lifetime and still maintain barrier integrity without total replacement of your safety system.
The Align Model for saving on complexity, time and cost
By combining the expertise from each of the four divisions1 in Align into one integrated project team, the project execution will be efficient and with the core experts involved. The number of interfaces will be reduced, and the communication more seamless. This will empower us to find the optimal solution regarding both the total project execution and when selecting the best technology for the intended use. A total overview of the barrier is necessary to give the best evaluation of each different part.
Tor Hellestøl, Managing Director of Align Nexus, talks about the benefits of Total Technical SafetyTM deliveries in an article on the Align Nexus website:
ALIGN's four core market leading brands, Origo, FPE, Sontum and Eureka, already have the hardware and expertise to create smart solutions in safety automation, fire fighting and pump systems. Between them, they have framework agreements on 98% of the facilities on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. By creating the new FEED and modification division ALIGN is bringing some of the best multi-disciplinary project engineers under a single umbrella to help solve the challenges facing operators in the oil and gas market.
Read the entire article here.
We face the challenges together with the customer
With an integrated project team as explained above, the communication path from the expert to the end user is very short. This means that Align can deliver solutions developed together with the user, which ensures that the delivery is according to the expectations and that decisions are based on the correct parameters.
1 The four divisions in ALIGN
» Pump Systems – Eureka
» Fire Fighting – FPE and Sontum
» Safety Automation – Origo Solutions
» FEED and Modifications – Align Nexus


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The SF SPCA was founded on April 18, 1868, when San Francisco banker James Sloan Hutchinson caught sight of two men dragging a terrified hog along the rough cobblestone street. Appalled, Hutchinson stepped in to stop the cruelty and rescued the hog. The incident crystallized Hutchinson's concern over widespread animal abuse, and he soon rallied 15 like-minded citizens to found the SF SPCA.
In honor of the 150th anniversary, San Francisco Mayor Mark Farrell has proclaimed April 18, 2018, as SF SPCA Day in San Francisco! The proclamation will be announced during a special 150th Anniversary Gala Celebration at City Hall on April 18.
"The SF SPCA's slogan for its anniversary celebrations is 'the animal organization for people,' which speaks to our 150-year connection with the community of San Francisco," explained Dr. Jennifer Scarlett, SF SPCA President. "Not only are we celebrating 150 years of advocating for animals, but we're also celebrating the bond between people and the animals in their lives."
Read Full Article: SF SPCA Celebrates 150 Years


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Baseball Finishes Strong Into Spring Break With Tournament Success
Maya Berns, Business Manager
April 3, 2019
As the baseball season goes by and more games are around the corner, the Manitou Springs High School (MSHS) Boys' Varsity Baseball Team is working hard to get a good connection that reflects their playing on the field. On Wednesday, March 20, the MSHS Baseball Team began playing in a three-day day ...
Boys' Basketball Wraps Up Season With Banquet
Oda Tiller-Brattebø, Senior Reporter
March 19, 2019
The 11th of March, the annual Manitou Springs High School Boys Basketball Banquet was held at the MSHS Commons. The banquet was held to honor and shine a light on specific people on the team who have stood out this last year. When the boys first got to the banquet they all ate food and socialize...
Manitou Baseball in Full Swing as Tryouts Begin
Zak Talbot, Sports Editor
March 7, 2019
As the true Colorado winter blows in, Spring sports are now in full swing at Manitou Springs High School (MSHS). As the snow melts off the diamond and the outfield grass becomes green again, the 2019 baseball team takes the field with eager eyes and high hopes for the coming season. With tryouts beginning...
Boys' Basketball Preview: New Players Step Up For The Season
Giulia Vidossi and Ashlyn Thomson, Junior Reporters
November 14, 2018
Without graduated seniors Cole Sienknecht and Jace Gwynn, underclassman and upcoming seniors on the MSHS Boys' Basketball team have to step up and fill the spot. With young freshmen adding depth to the team, they are getting better individually and as a team. Coach Brian Vecchio is ...
MSHS Students Help Make A Dream Come True
Sophia Mckeown, Reporter
April 9, 2018
Manitou Springs High School Student Council organized Wish Week this week, consisting of five school days worth of activities leading up to the Spring Dance on Saturday. These activities all revolved around making one kid's dream come true. Jackson is six years old and is diagnosed wi...
Boys' Basketball Gains First Home Game Win
Lizzy Anderson, Chief Financial Officer and Senior Life Editor
December 20, 2017
The Manitou Springs Boys' Basketball team had its first home game win against Machebeuf, with a score of 65-52. "It was good to finally get it off our chest, it was frustrating to not get the first couple wins of the season. We get to continue on to the season and improve from there," said Cole...
Baseball Suffers Loss Against Rival St. Mary's High School
Ariana Olson, Reporter
May 9, 2017
On Wednesday, May 3, the Manitou Springs Varsity Boys Baseball Team fell short to their rival St. Mary's High School in a comeback that ended 3-5. Starting the game in the first inning, the Mustangs slid into home twice, courtesy of Hunter Zentz (10) and Christian Mack (10). St. Mary's didn't score...
Mustangs Win Out in Game Against Faith Christian
Mo Heinger and Becca Heiniger
September 23, 2016
The Manitou Springs High School varsity football team competed against the Faith Christian Academy varsity football team at home on Friday, Sept. 16. Not long after the game's start, the Mustangs had earned seven points. This touchdown was scored by Davyn Adamscheck (12) within the first ten minut...


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Team Building Carqueiranne
01 The concept
This page is dedicated to UrbanGaming team-building events in Carqueiranne.
To discover this team-building activity on tablets, please watch the video on the right!
Pursuit in Carqueiranne
On this page you will find a presentation about our exterior teambuilding in Carqueiranne. All our activities are customisable and completely adaptable to your requirements – whether you are looking for a crazy fun activity or a 100% serious business event. Don't hesitate to let us know the details of your ideal project, and we'll run you up a custom-made quote.
Team Building Challenges in Carqueiranne
You are now standing in Parc des Pins Penchés. Imitate these unusual trees, bend sideways slightly and take a superb team photo!
Now the time has come to test your observation skills! Find where the photo featuring on this old postcard was taken from as quickly as possible. You are not very far…
You have reached Pointe Peno. In May 1896 and June 1897 a steam-powered airplane took off from this location. Who was behind this experiment? You will find the answer in front of you!
During your walk, you will come across a path lined with tamarix shrubs. Why are they different from other shrubs?
Watch this short clip taken from a François Truffaut movie. Several of its scenes were shot in the area. Can you name its title?
The challenges are adapted to your needs. Validation of knowledge acquired following a meeting, personalisation according to a specific theme, business sector…


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For immediate release.
The Air Cadet League of Canada Announces 2019 Officer of the Year
OTTAWA, ON (June 26, 2019) – The Air Cadet League of Canada (ACL) congratulates Captain Mark Bromley who won the Officer of the Year Award at their 78th Annual General Meeting held on June 15th, 2019, in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. The Officer of the Year Award is presented to an individual who goes above and beyond their service in support of the Canadian Cadet Organization at the National, Provincial, or Local level.
Captain Mark Bromley has continuously demonstrated the highest standard of excellence as Commanding Officer of 570 Sir Winston Churchill Royal Canadian Air Cadet Squadron. His leadership has been paramount in the success of the program, and his continued commitment to Cadets has been unprecedented. Among his peers within the North Wing, Mark is a leader who serves with the utmost accountability, responsibility, confidence and maturity. He strives for quality programming, and he demonstrates to everyone the requirement for superior leadership and guidance within the Canadian Cadet Organization.
The Air Cadet League of Canada is a civilian non-profit community based and volunteer led organization, which in collaboration with the Department of National Defence and our other partners, is dedicated to supporting the objectives of the Royal Canadian Air Cadet program, and to developing in youth the attributes of good citizenship and leadership; promoting physical fitness; and stimulating the interest of youth in the aviation and aerospace industry, including the air element of the Canadian Forces.
Natasha Foley, Assistant Communications Officer
E: firstname.lastname@example.com
Click on the link below to locate information on the Canadian Cadet Organizations Cadet Corps and Squadron Directory.


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we do appreciate donations in any value, the more you support us the more we can keep this site alive.
This asset is free for both personal and commercial usage.
Is an AD/Designer, editor of FGFD.
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There is a legal requirement for those responsible for buildings under the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order ensure that all fire doors retain the ability to resist the passage of fire throughout their lifespan. The responsibilities of Building Managers and Landlords are clear and failure to comply with this regulation may result in prosecution, fines and in severe cases, imprisonment. We will carry out an inspection, repair or replace your building's fire doors to approved standards, ensuring your building Fire Doors are compliant with current legislation and meet insurance criteria. Arrange an appointment today, call 01427 613467
11 August 2016
High quality joinery throughout the Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and South Yorkshire regions. Gales Joinery Centre manufacture all types of joinery, including bespoke mouldings, windows, staircases, doors, gates, fixtures and furniture. Since relocating to larger premises, we have a fully equipped woodshop on-site, and our craftsmen have time-served experience in producing the higest quality projects, whether you require a new staircase, or a completely bespoke kitchen. We also offer trade-services to the building and construction industry, in particular specific municipal and commercial projects, and volume runs of fixtures.
11 August 2016
Unit 21 Longwood Road Corringham Road Gainsborough Lincolnshire DN21 1QB
Tel: 01427 613 467 Fax: 01427 614 994 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Most people never dive deeply into who God created them to be and how God created them to lead. ELI is specifically designed to be that deep dive.
It's not a Bible study, or a Sunday school class, or a passion-packed worship event. It's a guided tour of who God created you to be, how God created you to lead, what it means to be a servant leader, and what it means to live in Christian community.
ELI is a multi-week, immersive leadership development experience. Highly trained coaches guide rising 11-12th graders to discover their God-given gifts, reflect on what it means to function as a Christian community, and practice servant leadership while making a difference as day camp counselors.
During ELI Leader Week, participants focus on discovering their natural strengths followed by learning servant leadership theory, small group dynamics, and how to cast a vision. Then, during Practicum Weeks, participants put to practice what they've learned as volunteer counselors at Grow Day Camps while continuing to receive guidance from ELI coaches.
Be part of a ministry team committed to fostering Christian community and spiritual growth while ministering to children across the state.
Be a counselor and young Christian role model as part of a team reaching out to over 1,000 day campers at 38 local churches this summer.
Be challenged as you discover your God-given strengths and learn servant leadership theories, small group dynamics, and how to cast a vision.
"I have learned to have a deeper understanding of myself and how I operate, and that has immensely helped me in school, work, and anywhere else where I am working with other people. I have learned to cooperate and get along with everyone, not just the people that I share the same views with."
– ELI Participant
Become an ELI Leader
Use + sign below to reveal more info.
Schedule an interview and submit references.
1st Round: Sep 27-Oct 11
2nd Round: Nov 8-22
3rd Round: Jan 10-24
4th Round: Mar 13-27
Final Round: May 11-17
Once accepted, register by deadline to receive award. Following deadline, unclaimed awards will be offered to other applicants.
1st Round: Oct 14-27
2nd Round: Nov 25-Dec 8
3rd Round: Jan 27-Feb 9
4th Round: Mar 16-29
Final Round: May 18-21
Discover your natural strengths, then learn about servant leadership theory, small group dynamics, and how to cast a vision.
May 24-29, 2020
Location: Young Harris College
Be commissioned for a summer of ministry at a special service on the Friday of ELI Leader Week.
Before you leave for ELI Leadership Week, please be sure to print out a Packing List and a Check-In Form.
The first 100 accepted ELI participants receive an automatic $500 leadership award toward the actual cost of ELI ($795) reducing the ELI fee to just $295 for a summer of leadership coaching and experience.
Special thanks to our 2020 program sponsor who helped make our 2020 leadership awards possible: Young Harris College (Host Sponsor)
"What I've taken from ELI has allowed me to thrive in my school, my community and my church these past few months, and I am so excited to see where else it takes me!"
– ELI Participant
For questions about ELI, contact Stephanie or Cameron. For questions about the application or registration, contact Caroline. To reach Stephanie or Caroline by phone, call the North Georgia Camp & Retreat Ministries office at (706) 864-6181.
Stephanie Gaines
Stephanie joined the year-round NGCRM team in 2015 after multiple years on summer staff with Glisson, Grow, and ELI. She served on Glisson's summer leadership team for four summers ('09,'10, '12, '13), then joined Grow Day Camps and ELI as a Program Director for the '14 and '15 summers. Stephanie's role with NGCRM includes coordinating all aspects of Grow Day Camps, the Experiential Leadership Institute (ELI) and Shoreline Camps. Prior to her role at NGCRM, Stephanie taught high school science and Spanish in North Carolina and Georgia and served for a year with a ministry organization in Kenya. Stephanie lives in Dahlonega and attends Dahlonega UMC.
Cameron Jones
Communications & Program Advancement, NGCRM
Some people collect baseball cards; Cameron collects camp job titles, apparently. After multiple summers as a Glisson camper and then counselor in '05, Cameron came back to camp in '08 and never really left: Challenge Course Director in '08, Program Intern from '08-'09, Day Camp Director in '09, Project Manager from '09-10, Worship & Media Coordinator in '11, Director of Communication & New Initiatives from '11-13, and Director of Emerging Ministries from '13 to '15. Cameron now serves as Director of Communications & Program Advancement for the NGCRM family of ministries (Glisson, Grow Day Camps, Experiential Leadership Institute, Shoreline Camps). Cameron is married to Britt who is a dietitian at DeKalb Medical. They live in Decatur with their children, Eli and Callie, and are active members of Decatur First UMC.


text:
Listing Price: $925,000
Status: Active
Bedrooms: 3
Baths: 3
Sqft: 1,601
Lot Size: 5,981
Listing ID: SB18072891
County: Los Angeles
Year Built: 1990
Property Type: Residential
Sub Type: Townhouse
Fully detached townhouse. Newer kitchen with bay window and stainless steel appliances. Newer engineered wood floors throughout. Newer shutter blinds. Updated bathrooms. Newer furnace and newer water heater. Balconies off of dining area, master bedroom and south facing balcony off living room. Built ins in living room along with coved ceiling. Freshly painted throughout. Don't miss out on this wonderful remodeled townhouse on a great street.
Cooling Type: None
County: Los Angeles
Heating Type: Central Furnace
High School District: Redondo Unified
Lot Features: Front Yard, Landscaped
MLS Area Major: 152 - N Redondo Bch/Villas South
Special Listing Conditions: Standard
View Type: None
Year Built: 1990
Zoning: RBR-2
Association: n
Community Features: Sidewalks
Land Lease: n
Laundry Features: Area
Laundry: y
Lease Considered: n
Lot Size Source: Assessor
Lot Size Units: Square Feet
Property Attached: n
Property Sub Type: Square Feet
Senior Community: n
Tax Lot: 1
Tax Tract Number: 6702
Water Source: Public
Well Report: n
Year Built Source: Assessor
Appliances: y
Bathrooms Full And Three Quarter: 2
Common Walls: No Common Walls
Cooling: n
Fireplace Features: Living Room
Fireplace: y
Garage Spaces: 2
Heating: y
Levels: Two
Room Type: Kitchen, Laundry, Living Room
Spa: n
Sprinklers: n
Stories: 2
Attached Garage: y
Fence: n
Lot Size Square Feet: 5,981
Parking Total: 2
Parking: y
Patio: n
Pool Features: None
Private Pool: n
View: n
Country: US
Amy Cimetta
Broker Associate, MBA
License: 01774767
Vista Sotheby's International Realty2501 N. Sepulveda Blvd, 2nd Floor
310.542.9054 direct
310.428.8804 cell
5-star Rated Agent
Top Realtor


text:
Bird: Pyrrhuloxia, picture taken in Deming, NM. I only have two sets of pictures of this bird and neither is as good as I would like.
Wild Flower, this is a White cover and I took this pictures in KY.
Weather: Wow, it is trying to rain again. I always get a little excited when it rain any more, maybe I've been in the desert too long? LOL.
Update; Not much rain this time but had just a little hail.
Health: Tomorrow I go to have my blood work done again and hopefully this time I won't be dehydrated.
Night folks


text:
Vivint Smart Home: Leading the home security industry in Binghamton, New York
Vivint Smart Home systems combine energy savings, the expertise of a 'round-the-clock security monitoring team, and the peace of mind you deserve. We are the leading smart home provider in North America, helping more than a million customers enjoy the best in home security and automation, and are offering great deals on our smart home systems to the residents of Binghamton. Vivint Smart Home offers much more than basic programmability. We bring all of your devices together into a connected system that can be controlled from anywhere with an internet connection. Through Vivint Smart Home Cloud, our proprietary smart home platform, you can lock and unlock your home, check on your surveillance cameras, adjust your thermostat, and more. Vivint Smart Home's industry-leading system can be controlled from your in-home touchscreen panel, the Vivint Smart Home app or even with voice commands by integrating Amazon Echo. In addition to our top-rated security and smart home products, you can also enjoy the support of our in-house security monitoring team. We offer industry-leading response times, so you can trust that you're in good hands, 24/7, whether you're at home, at work or on vacation.


text:
Advocating For Your Rights, Serving the Treasure Coast
Bankruptcy, foreclosure defense, estate planning, Federal law, real estate, business law, civil litigation.
2100 SE Ocean Boulevard
Suite 203
Stuart FL 34996
(772) 463-7737
(866) 300-0416
We offer a free consultation
Attorney $250/hour; Paralegal $75/hour
Monday through Thursday 8:30 am to 4:30 pm; Friday 8:30 am to 3:00 pm
Marsha Bonin
Jupiter Office
1080 Indiantown Road
Port St. Lucie Office
725 Port St. Lucie Blvd.
Port St. Lucie
Practice areas include bankruptcy, foreclosure defense, estate planning, Federal law, real estate, business law, civil litigation.
Offices located in Stuart, Jupiter and Port St. Lucie. We offer free initial consultations.
U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit
U.S. District Court, Southern District
U.S. District Court, Middle District
U.S. District Court, Northern District
U.S. District Court for the Southern District, Bankruptcy
U.S. District Court for the Middle District, Bankruptcy
U.S. District Court for the Northern District, Bankruptcy
Florida Supreme Court Certified Circuit Civil Foreclosure Mediator
Florida Supreme Court Certified Family Mediator
Florida Supreme Court Certified Circuit Civil Mediator
American Arbitration Association Certified Arbitrator, Florida
Collins Center for Public Policy Mediator, Florida
Florida Licensed Real Estate Broker
Florida Bar Association
American Bar Association
Martin County Bar Association
St. Lucie County Bar Association
Florida Academy of Professional Mediators, Inc.
National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy Attorneys
Realtor Association of Saint Lucie County
Member of Board of Directors for St. Lucie County Habitat for Humanity
University of Detroit, School of Law, Detroit, MI
Graduated in 1990. Degree Received: Juris Doctor, Specializing in Environmental Law.
University of Windsor, School of Law, Windsor, Ontario
Supplemental Course Work.
University of Michigan, School of Literature, Science and the Arts, Ann Arbor, MI
Graduated in 1985. Degree received: BGS. Field of Concentration: Political Science and Economics. Graduate courses in Economics.
Michigan State University, School of Engineering, East Lansing, MI
Field of Concentration: Mechanical Engineering, Transferred to the University of Michigan.
An objective, confidential, diplomatic and professional environment.
Excellent communication skills as a mediator/facilitator, creating a constructive atmosphere grounded in pro-active communication between the parties.
Divergent/Convergent approach to the problems themselves giving the parties an opportunity to look for solutions outside the box.
Settlement negotiations aimed at resolving issues agreeable to the participants.
Situational analysis incorporating cost/benefit risk/reward consideration into the mediation process itself to move the parties toward the most optimal resolution.
RANDALL A. FISCHER, P.A., Stuart, Port St. Lucie and Juupiter FL 2008 to present: Attorney at Law, Supreme Court Certified Circuit Civil and Family Mediator, Certified in Residential Mortgage Foreclosure Mediator
FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL REAL ESTATE GROUP, LLC, Port St. Lucie, FL 2008 to present: Licensed Florida Real Estate Broker/Owner
RANDALL A. FISCHER AND EAG, LLC, Port St. Lucie FL 001-2008: Consultant/Project Manager specializing in Environmental Compliance, Corporate Business
REAL ESTATE FLORIDA, Jensen Beach, FL 2006-2008: Licensed Realtor/Associate
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT GROUP, Brighton, MI 1995-2001: President/Owner of an Environmental Consulting Firm specializing in Project Management, Corporate Compliance, Assessments, and Real Estate Transfers
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, INC., Saginaw, MI 1992-1995: Vice President/Minority Shareholder of an Environmental Consulting Firm specializing in Site Remediation, Corporate Compliance, Assessments, and Real Estate Transfers
PEERLESS ENVIRONMENTAL INC., Saginaw, MI 1989-1992: Group Leader of an Environmental Consulting Firm specializing in Site Remediation, Assessments, and Real Estate Transfers
Bar Number: 0053804
Florida, 2008
University of Michigan
Juris Doctor, 1990
University of Michigan
University of Windsor, School of Law
, 0
Michigan State University, School of Engineering
Transferred to the University of Michigan, 0
* Nolo has confirmed that every member attorney has a valid license and is in good standing with the state agency that licenses lawyers. Any past disbarments and suspensions (with possible exceptions for minor violations or nonpayment of dues, in our discretion) will be indicated accordingly in the badge. Member attorneys are required to notify Nolo immediately if they become the subject of any disciplinary action by any state licensing agency.


text:
Hey Daneren
having playlists cached definitly is useful.
Unfortunatly, after having created and removed playlists, the Dsub view usually stays stuck for some time with the old playlists.
Is there a way to force a refresh? I can't find any way...
The same issue occurs when adding or removing songs within a certain playlist
Kind regards


text:
a. The extreme charismatic view
b. The charismatic view
c. The limited charismatic view
d. The non-charismatic view
e. The anti-charismatic view
a. A sign gift was to authenticate God's messenger.
Romans 15:18-19 For I will not presume to speak of anything except what Christ has accomplished through me, resulting in the obedience of the Gentiles by word and deed, (19) in the power of signs and wonders, in the power of the Spirit; so that from Jerusalem and round about as far as Illyricum I have fully preached the gospel of Christ.
Hebrews 2:4 God also testifying with them, both by signs and wonders and by various miracles and by gifts of the Holy Spirit according to His own will.
b. A sign gift was to authenticate the message.
Mark 16:20 And they went out and preached everywhere, while the Lord worked with them, and confirmed the word by the signs that followed.
Revelation 22:18-19 I testify to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book: if anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues which are written in this book;(19) and if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away his part from the tree of life and from the holy city, which are written in this book.
2 Corinthians 12:12 The signs of a true apostle were performed among you with all perseverance, by signs and wonders and miracles.
God doesn't shake miracles into nature at random as if from a pepper caster. They come on great occasions: they are found at the great ganglions of history – not of political or social history, but of spiritual history which cannot be fully known by men.
a. Tongues in the New Testament were genuine miracles
1 Corinthians 14:1-2 (NASB) 1 Pursue love, yet desire earnestly spiritual gifts, but especially that you may prophesy. 2 For one who speaks in a tongue does not speak to men but to God; for no one understands, but in his spirit he speaks mysteries.
1 Corinthians 14:1-2 (KJV) 1 Follow after charity, and desire spiritual gifts, but rather that ye may prophesy. 2 For he that speaketh in an unknown tongue speaketh not unto men, but unto God: for no man understandeth him; howbeit in the spirit he speaketh mysteries.
b. The purpose of tongues in the New Testament
1 Corinthians 14:22 (NASB) So then tongues are for a sign, not to those who believe but to unbelievers; but prophecy is for a sign, not to unbelievers but to those who believe.
c. How tongues were exercised in the New Testament
- Public tongues speaking was to edify and build up
- Only two or three were to speak in tongues in a service
Deuteronomy 19:15 "A single witness shall not rise up against a man on account of any iniquity or any sin which he has committed; on the evidence of two or three witnesses a matter shall be confirmed.
Deuteronomy 17:6 "On the evidence of two witnesses or three witnesses, he who is to die shall be put to death; he shall not be put to death on the evidence of one witness.
Matthew 18:16 "But if he does not listen to you, take one or two more with you, so that BY THE MOUTH OF TWO OR THREE WITNESSES EVERY FACT MAY BE CONFIRMED.
2 Corinthians 13:1 This is the third time I am coming to you. EVERY FACT IS TO BE CONFIRMED BY THE TESTIMONY OF TWO OR THREE WITNESSES.
1 Titus 5:19 Do not receive an accusation against an elder except on the basis of two or three witnesses.
Hebrews 10:28 Anyone who has set aside the Law of Moses dies without mercy on the testimony of two or three witnesses.
- They must also speak in turn
- Tongues were only to be spoken when interpreted
- Tongues were not to be forbidden but given a lower place
than prophecy
- All things in a church are to be done properly and in order
a. Why did Paul wish that everyone could speak in tongues?
1 Corinthians 7:7 Yet I wish that all men were even as I myself am. However, each man has his own gift from God, one in this manner, and another in that.
b. Why did Paul thank God that he was better than everyone in speaking tongues?
c. Did Paul encourage a private prayer language?
Matthew 6:7 "And when you are praying, do not use meaningless repetition as the Gentiles do, for they suppose that they will be heard for their many words.
d. Should the gift of tongues be used today?
e. How do we account for the tongues we hear today?
- Satan could be counterfeiting this gift
- It could be humanly induced
- Some tongue speaking is genuine
f. Is it possible that tongues have ceased all together?
1 Corinthians 13:8 Love never fails; but if there are gifts of prophecy, they will be done away; if there are tongues, they will cease; if there is knowledge, it will be done away.


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A13 is the newest bionic chip that Apple has introduced. A new version of unc0ver has released as the first stable jailbreak tool for A13 devices.
iPhone 11
iPhone 11
iPhone 11
We will be discussing about following points based on A13 Jailbreak :
iPhone 11's A13 bionic chip said to be the best machine learning platform in a smartphone. By Jailbreaking such a device, you will be able to do some wonders.
Please read the ways of jailbreaking iPhone 11, AKA A13 Jailbreak below in this article.
iPhone 11 Pro also shares the same A13 chip. So by an A13 device jailbreak, iPhone 11 users also can jailbreak their devices despite the iOS version.
This iPhone 11 Pro comes in 3 models.
iPhone 11 Pro Max shares the same A13 chip as iPhone 11 and iPhone 11 Pro
This iPhone 11 Pro Max comes in 3 models and all three models are jailbreak ready
When you have iOS jailbreak, Apple will always patch the exploit or vulnerability with their next software update release. So the jailbreak is not static and always need updates from time-to-time.
But when you have an iPhone jailbreak, then the exploit is for the hardware, which cannot update time-to-time. That means the jailbreak is permanent until the device is there or you revoke the jailbreak by yourself.
iPhone jailbreak is also the same. The jailbreak for iPhone 11 will be a permanent and unpatchable one. No any software update can harm the jailbreak or undone the jailbreak. As this based on a hardware exploit.
Whatever the iOS version, you can have the freedom of a jailbreak anytime with this hardware vulnerability.
A13 devices can be jailbroken with Unc0ver Jailbreak. But it depends on the iOS version that you are currently running on.
Unc0ver jailbreak is a product by Pwn20wnd. It is a public jailbreak tool for iOS 11 - iOS 13.5 with A13 device support. That means if you are running on iOS 13.5 or below, you will be able to jailbreak your A13 device. If you are not sure about the iOS version and compatibility of Unc0ver for your A13 device, you are encoraged to install Taigone Jailbreak Tool Finder.
The easiest way to download Unc0ver is from TaigOne. Click the link below to get more about Unc0ver A13 Jailbreak.
There are many jailbreak alternatives for A13 devices in the market. These jailbreak alternatives can be used for jailbroken devices using a proper jailbreak tool. And also can be used for no jailbroken devices as jailbreak solutions.
Let's see what are the best jailbreak alternatives for A13 devices.
TaigOne is one of the best jailbreak solutions for A13 devices. Users can get jailbreak tools, jailbreak apps, hacked apps, hacked games, jailbreak tweaks and more from TaigOne. TaigOne is compatible with any iOS version running on A13 devices.
Here is the TaigOne Installation method.
TwekMo is a jailbreak tweak installer. You can get jailbreak apps, tweaked apps, and jailbreak app stores from TweakMo. TweakMo supports all the iOS versions and all the A13 devices like iPhone 11, iPhone 11 Pro and Pro Max
TweakMo can be installed from TweakMo Official or using Taigone.
Tiqu++ is released for iOS 13 and it supports A13 devices. You can install jailbreak / cydia repos on any A13 device running iOS 13 or higher. Tiqu is developed by a chinese hacker named Liyuang Ying, who is the founder of Litweaks.
Tiqu++ can be installed from their official website and Tiqu partnered with Taigone recently.
Customize your A13 device's home screen icons and wallpapers from TaigOne Themes. Taigone Themes does not require jailbreak. This can be listed as a non jailbreak theme solution for A13.
TaigOne Themes can be installed from Taigone.
Jian is a keyboard customizer for A13. You can customize your keyboard with your favorite images using Jian. Jian supports all the iOS versions and All the iOS devices.
Jian can be installed from Taigone. Jian is from and individual developer and listed in Taigone for $0.99 in order to help the developer.
InCar is a CarPlay alternative app. You can experience CarPlay UI with your A13 device using InCar. And it supports A13 devices and does not require jailbreak to install and use.
Use Taigone Jailbreak Tool Finder or CarPlay Hacks website to download Incar.
iWish is a wish creating and sending app. You can create your own wish for any special function like New Year , Birthday, Halloween and Christmas with your favorite and send others using iWish app. No need to jailbreak your device.
Yiti is an app store wh ickoffers a large number of paid app store apps for free. Yiti does not require jailbreak and it supports all the iOS versions and most important thing is it support all the A13 devices.
Learn more about Yiti or download directly from Taigone.
You can unlock the carrier either requesting an unlock, or having this external SIM chip. For this first method, you need to meet specific criteria such as paying off the device in full and completing any contracts.
So you can use the second option , but either way, you do not need to jailbreak iPhone 11 to change the carrier.
We will add more frequantly asked questions and update this article when the new information is released. Keep in touch with us by bookmarking this page.


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Salicylic acid is a beta-hydroxy acid that is commonly used in skin care products, particularly anti-aging and acne treatments.
Salicylic acid is the most commonly used beta hydroxy acid (BHA) in cosmetics and skin care products. In chemistry, a BHA is an organic compound made up of a carboxylic acid functional group (-COOH) and a hydroxyl functional group (-OH) separated by two carbon atoms. With salicylic acid, both the hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups are attached directly to an aromatic benzene ring, rather than along a linear carbon chain.
Salicylic acid can be obtained from the bark of willow trees. In the early 1800s, the active extract of the bark, called salicin after the Latin name for the white willow (Salix alba) was first isolated. Italian chemist Raffaele Piria discovered how to convert the substance into a sugar and a second component, which on oxidation becomes salicylic acid.
Salicylic acid is well known for its ability to treat acne, which is why it is found in many over-the-counter (OTC) acne products. In order to understand how salicylic acid treats acne, let's first discuss what causes acne.
The first step in the formation of a blemish involves sebum, a naturally occurring oily substance that moisturizes, lubricates, and protects the skin and hair. While sebum production is a normal process, too much sebum can lead to clogged pores. The next step in the development of acne is triggered when follicles in the skin are not exfoliating properly. This means that keratin (a protein found within the skin) and sebum clog the follicle. When the follicle becomes clogged, a species of bacteria called Propionibacterium acnes accumulate and multiply in the follicle. The follicle becomes inflamed, thus leading to pimple formation.
Considering how acne develops, an effective treatment should work to balance the skin's sebum levels, destroy the P. acnes bacteria, and reduce inflammation. Salicylic acid accomplishes all three of these actions.
Salicylic acid works well to balance sebum levels because it is lipid soluble. So rather than remaining on the surface of skin, salicylic acid penetrates deep into sebum-filled pores. It then exfoliates the pore lining, which loosens clogged dirt and oil and helps to wash these impurities away. Another way salicylic acid helps to fight acne is through its antibacterial activity. Salicylic acid has the ability to inhibit the production of various aspects necessary for binary fission (bacterial reproduction), such as fibrinogen, fibronectin, and alpha-hemolysis. Therefore, salicylic acid can neutralize the bacteria P. Acnes that is present in acne papules. Lastly, salicylic acid possess anti-inflammatory properties, which is ideal for treating acne since inflammation will worsen breakouts.
In addition to functioning as an acne treatment, salicylic acid is used in anti-aging skin care products due to its ability to brighten the complexion. It functions as an exfoliant by softening and dissolving keratin, thus allowing dead skin cells to shed naturally. Dendy Engelman, MD, of Manhattan Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery, explains to Refinery29, "The exfoliative properties of salicylic acid have been shown to diminish the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by promoting collagen growth." Over time, exfoliation helps to reduce the thickness of the layer of dead skin cells, giving the skin a brighter, more glowing appearance.
Salicylic acid is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in OTC drug products. In addition to being FDA approved as a safe and effective acne drug product, it is also approved for use in OTC drugs for corn, callus and wart removal, as well as in anti-dandruff drug products.
Well-documented side effects of products containing salicylic acid include stinging, burning, dryness, peeling, and flaking of the skin. If you have sensitive skin, you should use products with salicylic acid with caution. According to the Mayo Clinic, people using products containing salicylic acid should not apply the following on the same area: abrasive soaps or cleansers, alcohol-containing preparations, benzoyl peroxide, resorcinol, sulfur, tretinoin, cosmetics or soaps that dry the skin, medicated cosmetics, other topical medicine for the skin.
Due to its exfoliative properties, salicylic acid can make the skin more sensitive to sunlight. For this reason, the FDA recommends using a sunscreen containing SPF 30 or more in conjunction with any product containing salicylic acid.
References: Wikipedia, "Salicylic Acid", Wikipedia, "Beta hydroxy acid", Indian J Dermatol. 2011 Jan-Feb; 56(1): 7–13, Science of Acne, "Sebum", 2018, The Skincare Edit, "Why Salicylic Acid Is the Best Acid for Your Skin", 2017, Refinery29, "We've All Been Underestimating This Acne-Fighter", 2016, FutureDerm, "The Differences between Glycolic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Lipohydroxy Acid, and Gluconolactone", 2014, Cosmetics Info, "Salicylic Acid", Truth In Aging, "Salicylic Acid", Mayo Clinic, "Salicylic Acid (Topical Route)".


text:
VIDEO: Northland Fishing Tackle Skeleton Minnow
Article Media Click images to enlarge +
Northland Fishing Tackle, the Minnesota manufacturer of jigs and other lures, has added to its popular Impulse line-up of baits.
The new Skeleton Minnow is a supple, scented, soft-plastic panfish bait with a segmented tail section and an undulating, quivering action that requires little prompting from the angler.
The ribbed, bulbous body segment lends itself to easy rigging on a variety of micro hooks and jigs.
The lure is infused with the scent and flavour of Northland's Impulse Instinctual Attractant, which contains a baked-in MicroPlankton formula.
Made in America, the Skeleton Minnow measures one and a half inches long and is available in eight colours. It comes in 20-bait packages with clear, interlocking plastic disks that allow easy storage and organisation.
Laboratory testing has scientifically proved that Impulse is 143% more effective than competitive baits, says the 40-year-old company.
Tel: +1 218 751 6723


text:
Perth's Pawsey Supercomputing Centre, and ANU's National Computational Infrastructure facility have just scored $140 million in the 2018 Federal Budget, announced tonight.
The Pawsey Supercomputing Centre helps advance medical research, nanotechnology, mining, construction and urban planning with high-speed calculations.
It supports research to maximise combustion in supersonic engines and model the physics of extreme waves to capture energy.
Here's The Full 2018 Australian Federal Budget Speech
Treasurer Scott Morrison handed down the 2018-2019 Australian Federal Budget tonight - here is the speech in full.Read more
Yearly Power Bills To Fall By $400 From 2020
The 2018-19 budget has revealed that annual power bills will fall by $400 on average for every Australian household from 2020.Read more
Science And Research Infrastructure Promised $1.9 Billion In Government Funding
In tonight's Federal budget, "boosting innovation with science and research infrastructure" was allocated 1.9 billion over the next 12 years - that's going towards health, manufacturing, agriculture, satellites for our GPS usage - and our space agency.Read more