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Our Newest Store in Amsterdam: Mingling Tradition with Innovation
Only a few months ago I was standing with our design team inside a cavernous concrete shell below the beautiful city of Amsterdam. We were inside "The Bank," a landmark building in Rembrandt Square, and were about to transform the empty 1,400 square foot bank vault into the biggest single space for one of our stores in all of Europe. It had to honor the existing architecture and culture of the city, but is also had to feel just like your neighborhood Starbucks.
We started with a deep study of Dutch design. The Dutch have a strong sensibility of using open spaces with clean lines – a simple aesthetic combined with functional ingenuity. But this is also a culture rich with trade history that influences an inviting, intimate and relaxed old world aesthetic, and no one knows this more than our Dutch-born Concept Design Director Liz Muller and her team in Amsterdam.
It was important to employ local artists and use indigenous materials as much as possible – decisions in direct support of our commitment to sustainable building using LEED practices. Exposed stone walls and repurposed Dutch oak picks up the aged beauty of blue and white Delftware tiles, a local art form dating back to the 16th century, while a cartographic mural celebrates the history of 17th century Dutch coffee traders. And should your eyes wander up, the ceiling features an undulating relief composed of 1,876 hand-cut and stained wooden blocks forming the face of our Siren.
This is a store that breaks new ground for us in Europe. It's the first store in Europe to feature Starbucks Reserve® coffee via the Clover® brewing system, and our first store equipped with its own in-house bakery. The experience that is brought to life in this store - new design aesthetics, amplified coffee theater, and the depth of connection to the culture of this place – sets the stage for our future across Europe.
"My vision was to bring the space to life by celebrating local history and tradition," says Liz, "while looking to the future by giving it a sense of theatre and discovery."
Next time your travels bring you to Amsterdam, we invite you to stop in and explore this innovative coffeehouse – a place where history and possibility merge into one.


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Jersey Shore Guide For Complete Listings Of Hotels, Motels, Bed & Breakfast Inns, Summer House Rentals, Beaches, Restaurants , Boardwalk Amusements, Attractions, Shops, Contractors, NJ Businesses And More!
I'm Spreading The Word To All My Friends!
12-15-2016Mouth Watering Home-Made Food!
12-15-2016Mobile Medic ~ Cellphone/Smartphone/Tablet/Phablet Repairs
06-08-2016Fantastic Jersey Shore Seafood and More!
04-14-2016Excellent Realtor
06-04-2015Get Our Brand New Jersey Shore Guide Android App For Our Website: www.shore-guide.com https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.
So, we have been wanting to ask this question for a long time! What is YOUR favorite Jersey Shore Beach Town? Please explain why! We'd love to hear
730 Airport Road
Ocean County
Lakewood, New Jersey 08701
United States
Shore Shot Pistol Range is Central New Jersey's finest indoor shooting center. We are conveniently located in Lakewood, New Jersey just minutes from Garden State Parkway Exit
Ocean County
Suite 5
1071 Route 37 West, New Jersey 08755
United States
Our menu consists of homemade, fresh Polish Old-World Comfort Foods. Many varieties of Pierogi will be hand pinched daily. Kielbasa, Stuffed Cabbage & Daily Specials are
905 Ocean Avenue
Point Pleasant Beach
New Jersey 08742
United States
The best Location in town! Directly across from the beach and boardwalk and a short walk to the amusements. We are a Family Owned and Operated Hotel since 1977. We always
708C Bay Boulevard
Seaside Heights
New Jersey 08751
United States
Offering our own Award Winning Luxury Homes, Cottages & Suites... All of our properties are owned, managed and rented by Lazy River Rentals offering our Guests the best
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Frothing Pitchers
Milk Frothing Pitchers
Our most popular daily request is for milk frothing tips. You have heard about velvety microfoam, but how do you achieve it? First, select a milk frothing pitcher that works well with your espresso machine. Consider the angle of your steam wand and the clearance from the counter. Next, how much capacity does the milk frothing pitcher provide? Enough for a 16 ounce latte or just a dollop of foam to mark the top of a perfectly pulled espresso shot? Once you find the right milk frothing pitcher it is time to put it into action.
Learn More about Milk Frothing Pitchers
Rattleware Stainless Steel Latte Art Milk Frothing Pitcher - 48 oz.
$24.25 -
Rattleware Handle-Free Milk Frothing Pitcher - 16 oz.
$24.95 -
Rattleware Thermometer Clip Milk Frothing Pitcher - 20 oz.
$24.96 -
Home Barista Starter Set
Regular Price: $59.99
Out of Stock


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Balfour RoadBrighton East SussexBN1 6NE
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This full website whois and analysis report on Winnometrics.com was ran on March, 31, 2017.
It is 3:09 AM CEST when you ran this report for Winnometrics.com here on our website, IP-Adress.com. When it comes to Winnometrics.com, you can trust that if we have Whois information available for it, we will display it further below to assist in your research of Winnometrics.com. Feel free to run another Winnometrics related search, or start a new query.
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View comments on this Winnometrics whois website report below or add your own comment about Winnometrics.com.
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Don't forget that Winnometrics could have other domain extensions you might want to run a Whois search for and get further information about Winnometrics owned services.
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My IP is: 18.104.22.168


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Free Shipping On All BUNDLES and Orders!
Through Friday, March 31st. Lower 48 States Only
Contact us to create a bundle specifically tailored to your needs!
Your satisfaction matters most! Return any item for a refund, store credit, or exchange it for another product.
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One of the first polymers ever created, cellulose nitrate is made by reacting cotton fibers with nitric acid. Cellulloid was substituted for natural tortoise shell picks in the early 1900s and is still one of the most popular pick materials available today. They are available in a wide variety of thicknesses, shapes, and colors, and provide a natural feel and warm, fat tone.
When you place an order with Kraft Music, a confirmation will be sent to you via email, with details of your order, including method of shipping. Once your order leaves our facility, you will receive a shipping confirmation via email, with carrier name and tracking number. You will also be able to find this information by logging into your account. You will need to have an account set up with Kraft Music in order to track your order (versus checking out as a guest).
***Please note, many of the products we sell are shipped in the manufacturer box. These boxes will often have images, model numbers, and other text that indicate the contents inside.
We are not able to ship any orders outside of the US and its territories.
***IMPORTANT NOTE: Please test your item before getting it fully assembled. For example, with digital pianos, unpack the keyboard portion, power it on and test all the keys. It is very rare that these items arrive with defects, but it is still a good idea to test it before spending time getting it fully assembled. Use caution when unpacking your purchase from its box, as some needed parts and pieces may be packed in and amongst the packing material. Be sure to save the carton and all packing materials, in case of a needed return. Do not write on the box and do not discard!


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Non-Member Price: $12.50
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Issue Theme: The Capacity and Audacity of English
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Copyright © 1998-2017 National Council of Teachers of English. All rights reserved in all media.
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A Professional Association of Educators in English Studies, Literacy, and Language Arts


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DIY Projects | LEDs | Consoles | Android | USB Gadgets | SD Cards | Computers & Modding | Bluetooth | More Fantastic Products | Shirts |
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"I ordered some Super Mario bobble head things and put them on my dashboard and desk. They look and pretty realistic and worth the few bucks I spent."
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Blue LED 1500-2000mcd 5mm (10-Pack)
7-inch Touch Screen (Makes LCD Screens Touch Sensitive)
True Green Laser Pen 5mW
Hi Speed Micro Servo 3.7g/4.3g (4.8V~6V)
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Bluetooth Incoming Call Vibrate Alert Bracelet
Red Laser Module - Focused Line (3.5V~4.5V 16mm 5mW)
White 36-LED Light Bulb 110V


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Finding the right doctor is an important first step in managing your health and planning for your future. At Portsmouth Regional Hospital, you can choose from among the most experienced and highly trained physicians and healthcare professionals in their fields, and we can help you make the best choice.
Provider Search
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Find a Provider by Phone
Call our Consult-A-Nurse® team at (888) 421-1080 for free 24/7 nurse access and physician referral service. We're your first source when you need to find a personal or family doctor and make an appointment.
We can help with information about physicians affiliated with Portsmouth, including:
- Medical specialty, skills and experience
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Learn more about Consult-A-Nurse.
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Learn more about choosing a provider throughout the Seacoast.


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Description:300GB Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) 3G 15K 3.5-inch Dual Port Hot-Plug Hard DriveIn HP Hot-Plug Hard Drive tray (as pictured)For G1-G7 Proliant SAS ServersGenuine HP serial number and firmwareGenuine HP Certified Hard DrivePart Number(s) Option Part# 416127-B21 Spare Part# 416248-001 Assembly Part# 462587-003 Assembly Part# 454228-002 Model# ST3300656SS Model# DF300BABUF
Overview:Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) is the logical evolution of SCSI including its long-established software advantage and the SAS serial electrical and physical connection interface. With enterprise storage requirements escalating and becoming more complex factors such as larger capacity greater density security scalability and accessibility are more critical than ever. Specifications: ManufacturerML350 CategoryHard Drive Sub-Category15K GenerationSAS Part NumberML350 416127-B21 Product ID143195_ML350_HardDrives Form FactorLFF Capacity300GB InterfaceSAS EnclosureInternal Drive Dimensions3.5 inches x 1/3H (Low Profile) Spindle Speed15000RPM External Data Transfer Rate3072MB/s Seek Time3.5ms Average Latency2ms Interface (Detailed)SAS-300 Hot SwapYes MTBF1700000 Hours


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BuilderID 3812
With Miller Pipe Organ Co. of Louisville, KY, 1982.
There are no entries in the database that describe organs by Kevin Lush.
We are always interested in adding to our information about builders and correcting any errors that our Database may contain. If you can provide us with corrections or additions to the information presented here, please click the Update button and use the online form to send us details.
Your cooperation and support are greatly appreciated.
This page was opened in a secondary window or tab. To return to the list of builders, simply close this tab.
Some of our entries are names that might never appear on a nameplate or nameboard.
On the other hand, there are both individuals and firms who are responsible for conserving historic organs through location, or preserving the usefulness of pipe organs through rebuilding or making modifications to existing instruments.
In these cases, we are proud to acknowledge their contributions to the ongoing artistic tradition of the pipe organ in America through individual entries in our online database.


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Sport-Tek® Super Heavyweight Crewneck Sweatshirt. F280
On or off the field, it's the most warmth you can get out of a sweatshirt. Weighing in at a hefty 12 ounces, our super heavyweight fleece is constructed for durability and comfort.
- 12-ounce, cross-grain 80/20 ring spun combed cotton/poly fleece
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Adult Sizes: XS-4XL
XS, S, M, L, XL, 2XL, 3XL, 4XL: In Stock
Price starts at:
For detailed PRICING, please select "Add to Inquiries" to view the ordering/pricing grid.


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rubyforge.org Mailing Lists |
No such list mongrel-unicorn Below is a listing of all the public mailing lists on rubyforge.org. Click on a list name to get more information about the list, or to subscribe, unsubscribe, and change the preferences on your subscription. To visit the general information page for an unadvertised list, open a URL similar to this one, but with a '/' and the right list name appended. List administrators, you can visit the list admin overview page to find the management interface for your list. If you are having trouble using the lists, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. |
List | Description |
Camping-list | [no description available] |
RubyGems-Developers | RubyGems developers mailing list |
version 2.1.12 |


text:
The service interruption on 9/22 was the result of an on-going database project expanding the number of databases to improve availability and performance. Over the last several weeks we've been transitioning tables between databases, first in our test environment, then pre-production and then finally in production. Until Saturday night our table transition system had been working really well for us.
During the transition process there are two moments of truth: First is when we disable writes and move read load from the old database to the new database and second when we enable writes to the new database. As we were moving reads to the new database we saw that the connection rate and load were higher than expected. Not critically high but curiously so. During this period we're unable to take writes to the transitioning-tables, so while the site generally works, users writing to those tables will see errors. On Saturday those would have been users updating their Profile (bio, phone, etc …).
When we are transitioning tables we tag them as "transitioning" which tells our backend services to aggressively update their map of databases and tables. Our theory was that some of the backend services we're reconnecting more than they needed to and would calm down once we removed the "transitioning" tag. We could have done a better job of testing that theory. It seemed reasonable and we wanted to restore full site functionality, so we decided to press forward.
This is where our evening became much more exciting: connection-rates and load on the new database continued to rise, eventually to the breaking point. After discussion our options we decided to transition back to the original database server. Because we disabled writes early and had not yet reenabled writes, all we needed to do was update the database/tables map and force our backend services to refresh. Erring on the side of safety we verified each backend service before bringing the site back up.
No data was lost or corrupted during the service interruption.
These transitions are designed to be largely transparent to our users. Clearly that wasn't the case last night. We will be working to identify the unique factors that lead to last nights service interruption before performing further transitions.


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26 Porsche cars are currently listed in the Granby area for sale
AutoCatch.com is a comprehensive online solution for buying or selling a new or used Porsche in Granby. All vehicles are listed for sale by local dealerships and private car sellers. Search for new, used, or certified pre-owned Porsche cars, trucks, and SUVs in Granby, Quebec.


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50, Cape Charles, VANot much to say. I like the simple things in life - some entertainment, some relaxing, some work, basically down to earth. Looking for someone pretty much the same.
Browse Cape Charles Catholic Men
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Africae tabvla nova, 1570 (colour engraving) Wall Mural Photo Wallpaper
Wall Murals - Ortelius, Abraham - Africae tabvla nova. Create a stunning feature wall with one of our murals. Free US shipping and printed exactly to size.
Wall Murals - Ortelius, Abraham - Africae tabvla nova. Create a stunning feature wall with one of our murals. Free US shipping and printed exactly to size.
Availability: Made to measure
Delivery: 6 to 8 working days*
Product Type: Wall Mural
Product Code: 919/08070-1
Rated 4.8 from 341 reviews.
Ortelius, Abraham , 1570, Supplied by The Bridgeman Art LibraryBridgeman Art Library Wall Murals
Our library contains 1000's of works of art including portraits, landscapes, illustrations and more, by world remowned artists. We have only featured a small selection of the entire Bridgeman Art Library collection on our website and can creaste a mural from almost any of their pieces. If you have anything in mind, not on our site, then please do get in touch.
Ordering Is Easy
1. Select the wall mural scene you like best
2. Add your dimensions (remember to add 5cm/2" extra to width and height)
3. Crop the image (if required) and 'set wall'
4. Choose either ready pasted wallpaper or self-adhesive (more details on our installation page)
5. Add to basket and checkout.
If you have any specific fine art or Bridgeman Art Library content related content in mind for your wallpaper mural then we'd love to hear from you. We have a wide library of assets from all the series that we can use. Simply call us Toll-free on 1-888-581-7892 or via our contact form.
Delivery within 6 to 8 working days to US mainland.
All orders are normally shipped within 6 to 8 working days.
Free shipping is on all orders above $120.
For orders less than $120 a shipping charge of $25 applies.
More details on shipping can be found on the shipping options page.
Wall murals are a great way to completely transform the look and feel of your room, quickly and easily. For ease, we recommend having 2 people to install the mural on your wall, so with the help of a friend over a couple of hours, transforming your room is simple.
Materials: Our wall murals are very easy to install and come in a choice of 3 high quality materials. For more details on each material, just click the link.
With every wall mural order, you will receive a job sheet showing a picture of your wall mural with all the drops/panels displayed plus, a printed installation guide with instructions on how to install your mural.
If you've misplaced your guide or wish to read the install instructions, click the relevant link below.
Classic & Premium 'Paste the Wall' Wallpaper Mural
Peel & Stick (Self-Adhesive Fabric Wall Mural)
If you have any questions about installing your mural, please get in touch!


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Supporting independent designers as the world's largest Marketplace for eco-friendly, printed-on-demand:
Preview scale: 24 x 24 inches

Our rolls are 2 feet wide by 12 feet long. They overlap so the design works across the wall.
Enter the length of the custom roll you need.
Enter your wall dimensions, and we'll calculate the amount of coverage you need.
Collection: king of cryptozoology
Hello. I'm happy to customize designs to fit your needs. Just send me a message : )
Visit this designer's shop
yeti (96), legend (87), sasquatch (79), bigfoot (71), petroglyph (54), pictograph (34), mythic (25), abominable snowman (21)
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keweenawchris says: Thank you Su! I'm glad you like it!
Posted about 3 years ago.
su_g says: A delightful compilation of the 'evidence'!
Based on the dimensions you provide, this calculator will determine the number of custom-length sections of paper you'll need to cover any surface. If the height of your surface varies, input the tallest dimension in order for the pattern to line up correctly.
Enter your dimensions in feet (1 foot is 30.48 cm).
+ Add a Wall
Shop unique pillows, tea towels, chairs and more home décor designed by Spoonflower's independent artists from around the world. Discover your one-of-a-kind piece today.
Create custom garments and accessories with any Spoonflower design.
Sew your own one-of-a-kind projects or have our White Glove service do it for you.


text:
Jenna-Louise Coleman
April 24, 2013 | 2:52 p.m.
More in:
Featured Topics
- RT @joshrottenberg: "There were so many ways this movie could go wrong." @JordanPeele on how 'Get Out' defied the odds https://t.co/CQxqS9K… 2 days ago
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Back Issues
Who's Behind the Mask?
Our legion of super contributors includes Noelene Clark, Tracy Brown, Patrick Kevin Day, Blake Hennon,, Todd Martens and Jevon Phillips.


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CPW210 Mint Cheesecloth Baby Wrap 3ft x 5ft Photo Prop
Great for wrapping little infants for photoshoots!!!
3ft x 5ft
Fabric can stretch
Size may increase
3ft x 5ft
Fabric can stretch
Size may increase
Hours of Operation
Monday thru Friday 8:30am to 5:00pm Pacific Standard TimeToll Free 800.466.1755
Local 760.547.2900
Rush Orders, Expedited and Out of Country Shipping
Please call our customer service department at 800.466.1755Unless otherwise noted all orders ship via USPS priority mail except oversized items will ship UPS.
We cannot ship a tube larger than 6 feet internationally.
Custom Orders
When you have completed your purchase our graphics department will send you an artist proofwithin 24 to 48 business hours. Once you have approved your proof your order will then
go into production which takes 7 to 10 business days.
Muslin Orders
Muslin takes 4 to 6 weeks for production.Heavyweight Cloth, Lightweight Cloth, Diamond Cloth, Floor Drops
Heavyweight Cloth, Lightweight Cloth, Diamond Cloth and Floor Drops take 7 to 10 business days for production.Vinyl and Poly-Nylon
Vinyl and Poly-Nylon take 7 to 10 business days forproduction.
Returns Policy
Due to the nature of our products, we can only offer store credit and replacement orders.NO refunds for returned items.
We will not accept returns for custom items, seasonal items, CDs, DVDs or other media
All returns must be made within 14 business days of receiving your merchandise.
Restocking fees may apply for backdrops and props.
Shipping costs cannot be refunded. If you were not able to apply a discount code the discount amount will be sent to you as a Gift Card No Exceptions.
Shipping Policy
Orders are processed Monday through Friday.Orders are not processed or shipped on weekends or holidays.
Please keep this in mind when ordering.
We will notify you if there is an issue with filling your order.
Shipping fees are based on your order's weight, destination and shipping method.
Shipping times are not guaranteed.
We make every effort to get your merchandise to you as soon as possible.
Quality workmanship takes time, so please be patient.
Please be aware that ordered items may arrive in separate boxes.
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Michael Thomas and Caitlyn Glover |
The bride-to-be is the daughter of Richard and Teri Glover of Butler. Parents of the prospective bridegroom are Joseph and Floria Thomas of New Springfield, Ohio.
The bride-elect is a 2004 graduate of Butler High School and a 2008 graduate of Duquesne University.
She is employed as a kindergarten teacher with the Butler School District.
Her fiance graduated in 2003 from Cardinal Mooney High School and in 2010 from Duquesne University.
He is employed as a clinical pharmacist for Accredo Health Group in Warrendale.


text:
нормальная высота
"Happiness and moral duty are inseparably connected." George Washington
"Everything has been figured out, except how to live." Jean-Paul Sartre
"If you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen." Harry S Truman
"Progress lies not in enhancing what is, but in advancing toward what will be." Khalil Gibran


text:
Bleach 410, Read Bleach 410 English Online
Bleach 410, Read Bleach 410 English Online is out, lets start reading Bleach 410 online now. Please remember to buy an copy of official volume of Bleach 410 manga to support the author(s) and the orginal publisher, also visit scanlation group and say thanks for Bleach 410 release!
Tips: Read Bleach 410, Read Bleach 410 English Online from right to left.
Download Bleach 410.zip at
Download Bleach 410.zip at
Enjoy reading Bleach 410, next chapter of Bleach 410 is Bleach 411
Bleach 410, Read Bleach 410 English Online Reading Notice
Bleach 410 online versions are intended for anyone above 13 years old. Some of the scanned items may contain words and images that are obscene, racially or ethnically offensive, violate any law, or is otherwise inappropriate please report it to us. If you are under 13 years of age please exit or browse some of our contents not related to this. Trademarks, images and content in this site are property of their respective owners.


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Sold as a pack of 6 boxes (5 dressings per box).
Manufacturer: Molnlycke
Manufacturer's part number: 287400


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PfR:Technology Overview
From DocWiki
(→PfR Target Discovery) |
(→Automatic Configuration) |
Line 341: | Line 341: | ||
key-string cisco | key-string cisco | ||
! | ! | ||
- | + | pfr master | |
logging | logging | ||
border 10.4.5.4 key-chain key1 | border 10.4.5.4 key-chain key1 | ||
Line 361: | Line 361: | ||
ip prefix-list BRANCH1 seq 5 permit 18.104.22.168/16 | ip prefix-list BRANCH1 seq 5 permit 18.104.22.168/16 | ||
! | ! | ||
- | + | pfr master | |
max-range-utilization percent 10 | max-range-utilization percent 10 | ||
policy-rules MYMAP | policy-rules MYMAP | ||
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== How to use the learn-list traffic-class criteria == | == How to use the learn-list traffic-class criteria == |
Revision as of 10:13, 23 October 2013
PfR Technology Overview
Contents |
Moving to Performance Routing
Better Use of WAN Links
Many customers have multiple links to the WAN, being privately held or managed by a Service Provider. In many cases, one link is considered as primary while the other one is considered as a backup which leads to a waste of resources.
Today's challenges in the WAN:
- Traffic increase and badly load-balanced across central site uplinks
- Expensive backup links under utilized
- Load-sharing through complex BGP tricks or PBR
- Manual check of Netflow stats, IP SLA probes and Prefix utilization
What would be the solution:
- Full utilization of expensive network resources
- Efficient distribution of traffic based upon load
- Traffic optimized based upon circuit cost profiles
- Minimization of underutilized expensive WAN paths
Better Application performance and availability
Many customers would like to be aware of fluctuating service levels, Soft Errors or Brownouts. Routing protocols are not aware of such events. This could lead to a bad user experience, to application performance degradation. But still, the routing protocol is up.
- blackout: it is 100% loss of data (control plane is still UP).
- brownout: it is subjective - It is a high loss and very high delay condition.
- Application performance degraded
- Bad user experience
- But no routing problems reported
- Unaware of Soft Errors
- Intermittent reachability (SP flapping)
- Black holes
- New application requirements (low latency)
- But again … no routing problems reported
- Where is the problem?
- WAN Congestion Problem?
- Avoidance of network brownouts and soft errors
- Intelligent Routing based on performance
- Moving to adaptative routing based upon application delay, loss, jitter, bandwidth
Application Routing
One of the key requirement is to be able to route not only based on the prefix but also based on the type of application. Routing should take the best path for an application rather than a prefix.
- Critical application routed on primary link for best SLA
- Use backup links for best effort applications
- But still .. Use backup in case of performance degradation
Current Deployment:
- Complex configuration based on EEM scripts and Policy Based Routing (PBR).
- Static routing
- Responsiveness to critical application performance requirements
- Time/delay sensitive: voice, vertical apps (trading floor)
- Loss sensitive: video, circuit emulation
- Data center traffic: SAN extension, Internet ISP load balancing
- Transactional traffic: e-commerce transactions, automated B2B, ERP
Performance Routing
Traditional routing uses static metrics to provide "reachability" information, but has no link utilization information, no data plane knowledge and is unaware of soft errors.
Cisco Performance Routing (PfR) enhances routing in order to select the best path based on user defined policy. The PfR policy can: minimize cost efficiently distribute traffic load and/or select the optimum performing path for applications
Cisco PfR enables intelligent traffic management that can dynamically route around soft errors in the Enterprise WAN or Internet and makes adaptive routing adjustments based on advanced criteria such as response time, packet loss, jitter, mean opinion score (MOS), availability, traffic load, and cost policies.
Cisco PfR augments traditional routing (BGP, EIGRP, OSPF, PBR) with realtime performance metrics in IOS instrumentation (Interfaces, Netflow, IP SLA, …).
PfR Technical Overview
Performance Routing (PfR) technology enables application performance monitoring and optimization in multi-homed networks. PfR as a system, is comprised of two major components, a Master controller (MC) and a Border router (BR) systems. The MC is a policy decision point at which policies are defined and applied to various traffic classes that traverse the BR systems. The MC can be configured to learn and control traffic classes on the network.
PfR is used in two main use cases:
- Internet Edge
- Enterprise WAN
In any PfR implementation, a Master Controller (MC) and at least one Border Router (BR) must be configured. The MC commands and controls the BRs and maintains a central repository for the data collected by the BRs. The MC function can be collocated (configured) on the same router as the BR, or it can be a dedicated, standalone IOS platform..
At least one MC and one BR must be defined on each site where Performance Routing (PfR) is used. PfR is distributed in nature and there is no concept of a central MC directly managing all BRs in an Enterprise Domain.
Border Routers
BRs are in the user traffic switching path. BRs collect data from their Netflow cache and from the IP SLA probes results, provide a degree of aggregation of this information, and influence the packet switching path to manage user traffic.
Master Controller
The MC is the policy decision maker. Typically, at a large site (data center or campus), the MC is a standalone chassis while at smaller branch locations the MC is typically collocated (configured) on the same platform as the BR. As a general rule, the large locations manage more network prefixes and/or applications than a branch deployment and thus consumes more CPU and memory resources for the MC function. Therefore, it makes a good design practice to dedicate a chassis for the MC at the large sites. The branch typically manages fewer active network prefixes and/or applications and due to the costs associated with dedicating a chassis at each branch, the network manager can collocate the MC and BR on the same platform. CPU and memory utilization should be monitored on platforms operating as MCs and if utilization is high, the network manager should consider an MC platform with a higher capacity CPU and memory.
The MC communicates with the BRs over an authenticated TCP socket, but has no requirement for populating its own IP routing table with anything more than a route to reach the BRs.
Because PfR is a path selection technology, there must be at least two external interfaces under the control of PfR and at least one internal interface. There must be at least one BR configured. If there is only one BR configured, then both external interfaces are attached to the single BR. If more than one BR is configured, then the two or more external interfaces are configured across these BRs. External links, or exit points, are therefore owned by the BR; they may be logical (tunnel interfaces) or physical links (Serial, Ethernet, ...).
For PfR to be able to manage prefixes or application, traffic should cross the BRs from internal interfaces to external interfaces and vice-versa.
Enterprise Domain, MC Peering
Performance Routing (PfR) is a distributed technology and all Master Controllers have a local view and make decisions based on local performance measurements.
To simplify PfR deployments and enhanced its capabilities, PfR now evolves and becomes multi-sites. Starting from IOS 15.2(3)T and IOS-XE 3.6, PfR introduces the concept of Domain where all Master Controllers are connected through a peering mechanism in a hub and spoke topology.
This peering between MCs is used to exchange information and therefore will help with the deployments.
PfR Target Discovery
The Performance Routing (PfR) Target Discovery feature introduces a scalable solution for managing the performance of video, voice and critical applications across large Enterprise branch networks by automating the identification and configuration of IP SLA responders.
To optimize media applications using voice and video traffic, PfR uses jitter, loss, and delay measurements. The IP SLA udp-jitter probe provides these measurements but requires an IP SLA responder. The initial PfR solution was to manually configure the probes for all remote sites. PfR Target Discovery uses the PfR Domain Peering framework to advertize site prefixes and to identify and advertize IP SLA responder IP addresses.
With PfR Target Discovery, each MC is able to build a table with the mapping between destination prefixes, target addresses and site names. This allows automatic configuration of the responders and automatic configuration and generation of IP SLA jitter probes.
Performance Routing Policy Engine
Performance based routing happens in five stages:
- Learn Applications: MC tells BR to learn "interesting" applications, called Traffic Classes.
- This could be destination prefix with or without port, dscp, source prefix or even application using NBAR.
- This profiling process can be entirely automatic based on the top talkers (using Netflow) or configured manually.
- Measure Application performance (Collects traffic class statistics for learned applications):
- Monitor Modes: Passive, Active, Both, Fast, Special (Cat6K)
- Netflow for UDP (bandwidth) and TCP flows (availability, delay, bandwidth, loss)
- IP SLA for TCP and UDP flows (Availability, delay, loss, jitter, MOS).
- Apply Policy
- Use measured application data to determine whether managed traffic-class is out of policy (OOP) and if an alternate path can meet the policy requirements.
- Enforce (re-route traffic)
- Prefix Control: Inject BGP or Static routes
- Application Control: Dynamic Route-map/PBR for traffic classes defined by ACLs, NBAR, unsupported routing protocols (OSPF, ISIS) or, BRs running a mix of routing protocols.
- Verify that the new route match the policy
Reachability must be verified
For PfR to consider an exit interface as a candidate for traffic, reachability to the target network prefix must be verified. When PfR is configured as passive mode (mode monitor passive, Netflow based only), TCP flows must be present across the exit interface to learn the validity of reachability across the exit interface.
Note that a parent route needs to be present to direct traffic for a target network out the external interfaces, in order to allow the Netflow subsystem to identify the validity of reachability through the TCP flows. Given this, if there is no TCP traffic out an exit interface, no passive measurements are available to Netflow/PfR. Or, if there are long-lived TCP flows, flows lasting longer than the PfR monitor period, no TCP SYNc and TCP SYNc/ACK are seen during the monitor period. So in this case, traffic may be active, but because the TCP SYNc and TCP SYNc/ACK is not seen during the monitor period, no delay and reachability can be deduced from this long persistent flow.
For PfR to function optimally in passive monitor mode, more TCP flows equate to more data points for the master controller to analyze and manage. As the number of TCP flows increase, the database becomes more granular, meaning more delay, loss, and reachability information is available for a given network prefix.
Learning Phase
Also called Profiling phase. Before optimizing traffic, PfR has to determine the traffic classes from the traffic flowing through the border routers. To optimize traffic routing, subsets of the total traffic must be identified, and these traffic subsets are named traffic classes. The list of traffic classes entries is named a Monitored Traffic Class list.
Traffic Classes can be based on layer3 information such as prefixes, or layer4 such as port number, on DSCP values or application by using Network Based Application Recognition (NBAR).
The entries in the Monitored Traffic Class list can be profiled either by automatically learning the traffic flowing through the device (using Flexible Netflow) or by manually configuring the traffic classes. Learned and configured traffic classes can both exist in the MTC list at the same time. The PfR profile phase includes both the learn mechanism and the configure mechanism.
Manual Configuration
In this mode, the prefixes or applications are directly and manually entered into the PfR database. There is no learning needed. As soon as you add the prefix-list, the prefixes are entered into the PfR database.
The following example shows the ability to define specific prefixes:
pfr master policy-rules MYMAP logging border 10.4.5.4 key-chain key1 interface Ethernet0/0 internal interface Ethernet0/1 external ! border 10.4.5.5 key-chain key1 interface Ethernet0/0 internal interface Ethernet0/1 external ! ip prefix-list BRANCH1 seq 5 permit 184.108.40.206/16 ! pfr-map MYMAP 10 match ip address prefix-list BRANCH1 !
The following example shows the ability to define specific applications:
pfr master policy-rules MYMAP logging border 10.4.5.4 key-chain key1 interface Ethernet0/0 internal interface Ethernet0/1 external ! border 10.4.5.5 key-chain key1 interface Ethernet0/0 internal interface Ethernet0/1 external ! ip prefix-list FILTER_BRANCH1 seq 10 permit 10.1.1.0/24 ip prefix-list FILTER_BRANCH1 seq 20 permit 10.1.2.0/24 ! ip prefix-list FILTER_BRANCH2 seq 10 permit 10.1.3.0/24 ip prefix-list FILTER_BRANCH2 seq 20 permit 10.1.4.0/24 ! ! Define FTP application ip access-list extended MY_APP 10 permit tcp any any eq 21 ! pfr-map MYMAP 10 match traffic-class application telnet prefix-list FILTER_BRANCH1 set mode select-exit good set delay threshold 2000 set mode route control set mode monitor both no set resolve delay set active-probe echo 10.1.1.10 ! pfr-map MYMAP 20 match traffic-class application http prefix-list FILTER_BRANCH2 set mode select-exit good set delay threshold 2000 set mode route control set mode monitor both no set resolve delay ! pfr-map MYMAP 30 traffic-class access-list MY_APP filter FILTER_BRANCH2 set mode select-exit good set delay threshold 2000 set mode route control set mode monitor both no set resolve delay set active-probe echo 10.1.3.10 !
This mode is used when you know the prefixes or applications to optimize and want to explicitly list them.
Automatic Configuration
In this mode, Performance Routing (PfR) has to determine the traffic classes from the traffic flowing through the border routers. This is the "learn" block of the PfR configuration.
A very basic automatic learning configuration would be the following, where PfR automatically tracks the top talkers based on netflow information received from the BRs:
key chain key1 key 1 key-string cisco ! pfr master logging border 10.4.5.4 key-chain key1 interface Ethernet0/0 internal interface Ethernet0/1 external ! border 10.4.5.5 key-chain key1 interface Ethernet0/0 internal interface Ethernet0/1 external ! learn throughput monitor 1 periodic 0 !
PfR supports a learn list configuration mode to simplify the learning of traffic classes (TC) and to provide greater flexibility. In each learn list, different criteria including prefixes, application definitions, filters, and aggregation parameters for learning traffic classes can be configured. A traffic class is automatically learned by PfR based on each learn list criteria, and each learn list is configured with a sequence number. The sequence number determines the order in which learn list criteria are applied. Learn lists allow different PfR policies to be applied to each TC.
ip prefix-list BRANCH1 seq 5 permit 126.96.36.199/16 ! pfr master max-range-utilization percent 10 policy-rules MYMAP logging learn throughput delay periodic-interval 0 monitor-period 1 list seq 10 refname BRANCH_BUSINESS traffic-class application ssh filter BRANCH1 throughput list seq 20 refname BRANCH_BE traffic-class prefix-list BRANCH1 throughput holddown 180 mode select-exit best periodic 180 !
How to use the learn-list traffic-class criteria
Access-list under learn-list are meant for defining application signatures and not for filtering.
- if you want to learn a specific subset of prefixes, then you can *only* use prefix-list.
- if you want to learn a specific subset of applications, then you will use access-list with an optional filter list for prefix
Example1 - if you want to learn only 10.1.0.0/16 prefixes
! ip prefix-list FILTER seq 10 permit 10.1.0.0/16 ! pfr master learn list seq 10 refname TEST traffic-class prefix-list FILTER !
! ip access-list extended FILTER_ACL 10 permit ip any 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 ! pfr master learn list seq 10 refname TEST traffic-class access-list FILTER !
Example2 - Correct use of ACL with learn list
access-list are used to define applications.
! Configure App signature only once. ! FTP application ip access-list extended MY_APP 10 permit tcp any any eq 21 ! ip prefix-list FILTER_BRANCH1 seq 10 permit 10.1.1.0/24 ip prefix-list FILTER_BRANCH1 seq 20 permit 10.1.2.0/24 ! ip prefix-list FILTER_BRANCH2 seq 10 permit 10.1.3.0/24 ip prefix-list FILTER_BRANCH2 seq 20 permit 10.1.4.0/24 ! ! pfr master learn list seq 10 refname BRANCH1 traffic-class access-list MY_APP filter FILTER_BRANCH1 list seq 10 refname BRANCH2 traffic-class access-list MY_APP filter FILTER_BRANCH2 !
Measuring Phase
The PfR measure phase is the second step in the PfR performance engine. The Traffic Class list is now full of traffic class entries and PfR must measure the performance metrics of these traffic class entries.
Measuring is defined in PfR as the act of measurement performed periodically over a set interval of time where the measurements are compared against a user defined threshold.
PfR measures the performance of traffic classes using active and passive monitoring techniques and it also measures, by default, the utilization of links.
The border routers collect passive monitoring and active monitoring statistics and then transmit this information to the master controller. The PfR measure phase is complete when each traffic class entry in the MTC list has associated performance metric measurements.
- "TCP, UDP, Jitter need IP SLA responder targets defined"
- Mode monitor Both: It is the default (recommended)
- Mode monitor Fast: recommended for fast convergence
Mode monitor passive
Passive monitoring is the act of PfR gathering information on user packets assembled into flows by Netflow. Passive monitoring is typically only recommended in Internet edge deployments because active probing is ineffective because of security policies that block probing. PfR, when enabled, automatically enables Netflow on the managed interfaces on the Border Routers. By aggregating this information on the Border Routers and periodically reporting the collected data to the Master Controller, the network prefixes and applications in use can automatically be learned.
The border routers report traffic flows identified by Netflow to the master controller. The average delay of the flows, packet loss, and reachability along with the outbound throughput in terms of bits per second is determined for the destination IP prefixes observed in the Netflow data.
Measurements of the TCP traffic flows are characterized by:
- Delay—Time between TCP SYN and TCP SYN/ACK in a TCP three-way handshake.
- Loss—TCP sequence numbers are tracked, loss can estimated when lower sequence numbers than the highest sequence number observed are seen.
- Reachability—Repeated TCP SYNs without an accompanying TCP SYN/ACK identify reachability failures.
- Throughput—Throughput is calculated from NetFlow and measured in bits per second (bps). Measurements of non-TCP traffic flows is characterized by throughput only.
Mode monitor active
Active monitoring is the act of generating Cisco IOS IP Service Level Agreements (SLAs) probes to generate test traffic for the purpose of obtaining information regarding the characteristics of the WAN links. PfR can either implicitly generates active probes when passive monitoring has identified destination hosts, or the network manager can explicitly configured probes in the PfR configuration.
In this mode, IP SLAs probes are generated by the border routers through the current exits and transmitted at the configured probe frequency value. Probes are only generated through alternate paths (exits) in the event the current path is out-of-policy.
The ICMP ECHO requests that are generated by default constitute additional background traffic on the network. When used on the Internet, activating probing may not be desirable in that ICMP packets may be blocked or administratively prohibited and may be considered a threatening or abusive posture to the target hosts.
By default, an active probe is of the type of ICMP echo. If VoIP is to be characterized, the network manager may choose to explicitly configure an active probe. Following is an example from an pfr-map using a traffic-class that matches VoIP streams with probes sent every 2 seconds.
set active-probe jitter 126.96.36.199 target-port 33033 codec g729a set probe frequency 2
It is possible, and practical, to use active monitoring for specific traffic-class while using a global configuration option defaulting to passive monitoring of all other traffic through the TCP flows.
Hybrid Modes
Mode monitor both
Mode monitor both is the default value and combines the capabilities of passive and active monitoring. Up to five IP addresses are actively probed for each destination prefix network learned through passive monitoring. By default, an IP SLA ICMP ECHO probe is automatically generated for the learned IP addresses.
In this mode, IP SLAs probes are generated by the border routers through the current exits and transmitted at the configured (or default) probe frequency value. Unlike mode monitor fast, which is described in a later section, active probing does not probe all exit points continuously. It probes only the current exit point provided the status is INPOLICY and probes are generated after the prefix timer value is exhausted. Probes are only generated through alternate paths (exits) in the event the current path is out-of-policy.
By monitoring both actively and passively, additional data points regarding a network prefix can be obtained through two separate and distinct tools; Netflow for passive measurements and IP SLA for the active measurements. However, the inclusion of active probing also has disadvantages. Mode monitor both is best suited for use within the private internal network of the enterprise.
Important note: With mode monitor both, passive measurements are used to trigger the Out of Policy (OOP) state but the active probing results from the exit interfaces are used with the passive throughput measurement for the traffic class, to select the exit interface.
Mode monitor Fast
This feature was introduced in Cisco IOS Release 12.4(15)T as a key component to the Fast Reroute feature.
This mode generates active probes through all exists continuously at the configured probe frequency. This differs from either active or both modes in that these modes only generate probes through alternate paths (exits) in the event the current path is out-of-policy.
With Fast Reroute, the characteristics of the alternative paths are always known, allowing immediate use as required. If unreachable is determined to be out-of-policy for the current exit, the alternate exit that is in policy is selected as the new current exit.
The unreachable threshold is calibrated in number of failed probes per million probe attempts. If the unreachable value is set to 1, a single probe fails on the current exit, an attempt is made to locate a alternate exit. However, if the alternate exits also have a single failed probe, they are not selected because they too are out-of-policy.
The Fast Reroute feature, therefore, allows rerouting actions to be taken, at an interval approaching the configured probe frequency value. Probe frequency can now be set as low as 2 seconds if fast mode is configured. This allows re-routing at slightly more than the configured probe frequency value. The Fast Reroute feature can reroute OOP traffic in as little as 3 seconds.
The obvious drawback to this feature is the potential for adding additional network traffic overhead associated with the probes themselves and additional CPU resources to the PfR border routers, the source of the active probes.
Probes are always generated unless the prefix is deleted or in the default state,.
The active probe results are used for out-of-policy and to control routing. Passive data collected is for information only, the throughput transmit and receive Kbps values (show oer mast border detail) are used for load balancing.
Apply Policy Phase
The apply policy phase compares the measured performance metrics against well-known or configured thresholds to determine if the traffic is meeting specified levels of service, or if some action is required. If the performance metric does not conform to the threshold, a decision is made by PfR to move the traffic class or exit into another state.
Policies can be applied globally, per Traffic Class or even per link.
PfR Features that Enable Load Balancing
Link Utilization
Usage of this policy sets an upper threshold on the amount of traffic a specific link can carry. Both exit link traffic and entrance link traffic load thresholds can be configured as a PfR policy. For example, if the upper threshold for a link is 90 % of total bandwidth, and it is currently running at 95 % of bandwidth, the link is Out-of-Policy (OOP). Cisco PfR will attempt to bring the link back into policy by repeatedly moving prefixes from the over-used link onto other exit links.
Usage of this policy keeps all WAN links within a certain utilization range, relative to each other in order to ensure fair load-sharing across all concerned links. The range functionality allows the network administrator to instruct Cisco PfR to keep the usage on a set of exit links with in a certain percentage range of each other. If the difference between the links becomes too great, Cisco PfR will attempt to bring the link back in to policy by distributing data traffic among the available exit links.
Traffic Class Performance
Usage of this policy enables the customer to define multiple paths that a set of traffic (ie voice traffic) could use as long as all the paths maintain the performance SLA 's that are needed forth at set of traffic. Hence, a policy that determines voice traffic to have a delay threshold of less than 250 msecs can utilize multiple paths in the network if available, as long as all the paths deliver the traffic within its performance bounds.
PfR Policy Thresholds
PfR policies are defined by comparing measurements for each Traffic Class against default or user-defined thresholds. PfR allows to define different policies for each Traffic Class. One TC can have a policy based on delay and loss (typically for critical applications) whereas another TC would have a policy based on load-sharing across exit points.
- Passive Mode:
- As a general rule, Cisco PfR maintains a short-term counter (statistics from the last 5 minutes) and a long-term counter (statistics from the last 60 minutes).
- Active Mode:
- As a general rule, Cisco PfR maintains a short-term counter (statistics from the last 5 probe results) and a long-term counter (statistics from the last 60 probes results).
Cisco PfR Thresholds can be defined in a relative or absolute mode.
- Absolute
- An absolute threshold is compared against the short term delay value which is 5 min for passive mode, or last 5 probes for active mode.
- Short-term counter exceeds the threshold of N msec.
- Used for delay, loss, mos, unreachable, jitter
- Relative
- A relative threshold is compared against the short and the long-term value
- Short-term counter exceeds the Long-term counter by X percent.
- Used for delay, loss, unreachable
- Example for delay: if the short term delay = 120ms and the long term delay = 100 ms, then the percent diff is 20. This value is compared to the threshold value configured in the oer-map (or against the default value)
The following tables gives the base units used for each parameter than can be configured in a Traffic Class policy.
Let's take the loss and reachability policy as an example:
- The loss policy -is expressed in Packets per million
- In passive mode: 100 lost out of 10000 TCP packets equal to 10,000 ppm
- In Active mode: 1 loss out 100 probe packets equal to 10000 ppm
- Reachability is expressed in Flows per million
- Passive mode: 100 unreachable out of 10000 TCP flows means 10,000 fpm
- Active mode: 1 probe fail out 5 attempted means 200,000 fpm
Cisco PfR allows multiple policies to be defined for each Traffic Class. To resolve the potential conflict of which policy to run, PfR uses a resolve function which allows to assign a priority for each policy.
By default, PfR assigns the highest priority to delay policies, followed by utilization policies, but unreachable policy always applies and has a default priority of 0 (cannot be changed).
Here is a list of the available policies:
MC(config-pfr-mc)#resolve ? cost Specify OER cost policy resolver settings delay Specify OER delay policy resolver settings jitter Specify OER jitter policy resolver settings loss Specify OER loss policy resolver settings mos Specify OER MOS policy resolver settings range Specify OER range policy resolver settings utilization Specify OER utilization policy resolver settings MC(config-pfr-mc)#
Each resolve is defined with a priority and inherits priorities from the global configuration mode You can change from the global inside pfr-map and Unreachable resolver has always the highest priority as seen before.
PfR Selects a Policy Conforming Exit by following each of the following steps:
- Gather traffic class measurements for all exits
- Gather link utilization for all external interfaces
- Exits with no measurements ignored
- Measurements applied using priority with variance
- Exits within variance are candidates
After All Priorities Examined:
- If a single candidate - Use single candidate
- If multiple candidates includes current exit - Choose current exit
- Else, randomly choose a candidate
An example of resolvers defined in PfR global configuration mode:
pfr master resolve delay priority 4 variance 20 resolve loss priority 6 variance 20 resolve util priority 8 variance 20
PfR Traffic Class States
The table below summarizes the possible TC states:
DEFAULT | A network prefix may be shown in the default state if it is manually configured or learned, but has not been determined to be in or out-of-policy. Prefixes may revert back to default state if, for some reason, OER can no longer control the prefix. This may happen if all the exits are out-of-policy. The default state means that the parent IP routes control the exit for this destination prefix. This would be the same behavior as if OER were not configured or shutdown. |
INPOLICY | The prefix is inpolicy, which means that it meets the policy associated with this prefix or application. The prefix can be inpolicy and being controlled by OER, or inpolicy* and not controlled by OER. The presence of the asterisk (*) on the state attribute indicates the network is known to OER, but is under the control of the parent route. When no asterisk (*) is present, the prefix is being controlled by OER. The state of inpolicy is considered to be a desirable state.
After a few cycles, the Traffic Classes will typically be in the INPOLICY State. |
OOPOLICY | The prefix or application has been identified as failing to meet its respective policy. If traffic is identified as being out-of-policy, OER moves the traffic to an alternative exit to bring the traffic inpolicy or unmanages the traffic, allowing it to revert back to the default exits as determined by the parent routes in the IP routing table. If the traffic reverts back to the default state, OER will again cycle this traffic, like all other traffic on the network, in an attempt to optimize based on the configured or default OER policy. The state of out-of-policy is considered undesirable.
The prefix or application has been identified as failing to meet its respective policy. The policy parameters (ie. Delay, Loss, etc) are defined in the oer-maps for each Traffic Class. |
HOLDDOWN | The holddown state is enabled when a traffic class is initially controlled by OER. This holddown concept is applied to prevent churning or erratic behavior of OER managed routes from being injected and withdrawn from the IP routing table (and subsequently being redistributed by some IGP) or BGP tables. Once a prefix has been changed, it enters holddown for the specified (holddown) period, before it can be deemed in or out-of-policy. A network prefix can leave holddown state before the timer expires, if the current exit point experiences an unreachable out-of-policy condition. All other out-of-policy conditions are ignored during holddown state.
When PfR makes a route change to a specific TC, this TC will move to the HOLDDOWN state to avoid erratic behavior. The timer associated is the holddown timer defined in the pfr master configuration. |
There are two ways to specify what is flagged as an Out Of Policy (OOP) condition in PfR:
- Relative implies the use of short/long term statistics. You specify a percentage and that is used to gauge if a TC is OOP.
- Example: the short-term delay is 120ms and the long term delay is 90ms, then the percent difference is 33 which is compared to the value that you would configure.
- You now have a threshold that is compared only to the short-term delay.
- The short and long term delay are defined as 5min (with fast mode it is 5 probe cycles) and 60min (fast mode definition 60 probe cycles) averages or till the last time there was an exit change.
Configuration Examples
! ! Policies for a Business Traffic Class ! pfr-map MYMAP 20 match pfr learn list BRANCH_BUSINESS set delay threshold 150 set mode route control set mode monitor both set resolve delay priority 1 variance 20 set resolve utilization priority 3 variance 20 no set resolve range ! ! ! Policies for a Best Effort Class ! ! pfr-map MYMAP 30 match pfr learn list BRANCH_BE set mode route control set mode monitor both set resolve utilization priority 1 variance 20 no set resolve delay no set resolve range !
Enforce Phase
PfR, by default, operates in an observation mode for the PfR learn, measure, and apply policy phases. In observe mode, the master controller monitors traffic classes and exit links based on default and user-defined policies and then reports the status of the network including out-of-policy (OOP) events and the decisions that should be made, but does not implement any changes. The PfR enforce phase operates in control mode, not observe mode, and control mode must be explicitly configured using the mode route control command. In control mode, the master controller coordinates information from the borders routers in the same way as observe mode, but commands are sent back to the border routers to alter routing in the PfR managed network to implement the policy decisions.
PfR initiates route changes when one of the following occurs:
A traffic class goes OOP, an exit link goes OOP, or the periodic timer expires and the select exit mode is configured as select best mode.
During the PfR enforce phase, the master controller continues to monitor in-policy traffic classes that conform to the desired performance characteristics, to ensure that they remain in-policy. Changes are only implemented for OOP traffic classes and exits in order to bring them in-policy. To achieve the desired level of performance in your network, you must be aware of the configuration options that can affect the policy decisions made by the master controller.
Another configuration issue to consider when deploying PfR is that if aggressive delay or loss policies are defined, and the exit links are also seriously over-subscribed, it is possible that PfR will find it impossible to bring a traffic class in-policy. In this case, the master controller will either choose the link that most closely conforms to the performance policy, even though the traffic class still remains OOP, or it will remove the prefix from PfR control. PfR is designed to allow you to make the best use of available bandwidth, but it does not solve the problem of over-subscribed bandwidth.
Verify Phase
The last phase of the PfR performance loop is to verify that the actions taken during the PfR control phase control actually change the flow of traffic and that the performance of the traffic class or link does move to an in-policy state. PfR uses NetFlow to automatically verify the route control. The master controller expects a Netflow update for the traffic class from the new link interface and ignores Netflow updates from the previous path. If a Netflow update does not appear after two minutes, the master controller moves the traffic class into the default state. A traffic class is placed in the default state when it is not under PfR control.
In addition to the NetFlow verification used by PfR, there are two other methods you can use to verify that PfR has initiated changes in the network:
Syslog report-The logging command can be configured to notify you of all the main PfR state changes, and a syslog report can be run to confirm that PfR changes have occurred. The master controller is expecting bidirectional traffic, and a syslog report delimited for the specified prefix associated with the traffic class can confirm this.
PfR show commands-PfR show commands can be used to verify that network changes have occurred and that traffic classes are in-policy. Use the show pfr master prefix command to display the status of monitored prefixes. The output from this command includes information about the current exit interface, prefix delay, egress and ingress interface bandwidth, and path information sourced from a specified border router. Use the show pfr border routes command to display information about PfR controlled routes on a border router.
Best Practices
Load Interval and Bandwidth
To provide the most granular and accurate information to the master controller, configure the load-interval on internal and external interfaces on the border routers to the minimum value of 30 seconds. Additionally, the bandwidth statement on the interface should also be appropriately configured.
Passive mode
When Cisco PfR is configured in learn mode/passive, TCP flows must be observed by the border routers to manage prefixes. This means to test PfR in a lab environment, some tool to generate actual TCP/UDP traffic and another to introduce delay, loss, etc,. is necessary to observe meaningful results.


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Just call it the collateral damage from Texas A&M's wildly successful move into the Southeastern Conference.
Or, in Mack Brown's case, simply another diversion as he ties together all of the loose ends on a golden parachute that will one day be seen floating him to earth behind the walls and gates of Del Boca Vista, Phase IV.
In something less than a shocker, the Texas coach is fostering excuses before the eagerly anticipated new college football season even collects its talent to begin physicals, conditioning tests and training camps.
During the Big 12 Media Days, the conference's — ahem — 10 coaches gathered to praise the hard work of their young men and the people behind their programs. The idea in any set of media days is to give a glimpse of where expectations and reality intersect, and place your brand in front of the cameras for the pleasures of proud alumni and the universal pride of your fanbase as a whole.
Brown missed that memo, evidently, as he spent more time than ever imagined undermining the hard work of others — particularly in the SEC — in a classic effort of tearing down rather than building and challenging.
Instead of working hard to play within the rules and expending energy he might otherwise budget for a fishing trip, the Texas coach basically told the world he'd rather see programs that make a strong commitment to winning hamstrung to the point that no one is allowed to gain a competitive advantage by, well, competing and working hard.
Observe this little nugget:
"As president of the American Football Coaches Association this year, I've been very involved with Coach (Grant) Teaff and the (AFCA board) in looking at rules, potential rules changes," Brown said. "And size of staff is one that has been very discussed because Alabama has had so much success, and their staff has been bigger than any of the other staffs in college football.
"So there was a thought at the board level of the (AFCA) that, for the first time, along with the NCAA, maybe there should be a cap or a number to make it more fair across the board."
It's easy for Brown to target Alabama, as the Crimson Tide's run of three national titles in four years began with a beatdown of Brown's Longhorns in Pasadena, Calif., less than four years ago. We get it.
But this isn't an Alabama thing. It's an SEC thing.
As the league has flexed its muscles for seven strong seasons, watching Florida win the crystal ball twice and LSU and Auburn chipping in with championships during an unprecedented streak, the SEC has taken the spotlight off many traditional programs in other regions, leaving them in a dizzying and unfamiliar place.
Now Brown wants to legislate laziness and to penalize any program with the audacity to make a bold commitment toward improvement.
Florida coach Will Muschamp was the Texas "coach in waiting," and for good reason. He's energetic and brilliant, and his pedigree has been strong for two decades, from the time he spent as a player at Georgia, to his multiple coaching stops on the staff of Nick Saban, to running his own show with the Gators. His two-year cleanup job of what Urban Meyer left behind in Gainesville has been nothing short of amazing, and his future is bright.
But he didn't have time to wait for Brown at Texas, where the Longhorns would rather play the "what-if" game and damage the competition than grab the sport by the horns and give it all they've got.
The NCAA placed a limit on each program's number of on-field coaches. OK. Now Brown wants the NCAA to step in and have a program's support and administration staff counted and monitored as well?
Forgive me if I point out the white elephant juggling chairs in the corner of the room, but we're just now snapping out of an ugly recession that's spanned two presidents and cost billions of dollars, millions of homes and ripped the self-esteem from thousands. Brown's request for limits on how a program can spend its own hard-earned money does not only cry of apathy and disorganization, but slaps away the right to produce a series of well-paying jobs that provide for countless families throughout the country.
Ask the NFL. Don't you think teams in that league would appreciate a few extra sets of eyes on its potential employees rather than cut the support staffs that are evolving to help ensure the best citizens possible leave their programs with degrees?
Should the Longhorn Network, that ridiculous Texas lovefest that's on Tier 26 of your local cable package, be disbanded and its employees tossed to the curb? After all, everyone associated with that ESPN-funded albatross is basically a member of the University of Texas athletic support staff.
Is this head coach of a football program with great wealth honestly saying his Longhorns can't compete because SEC programs and others have enough stamina and ambition to make sure their athletes have every advantage necessary?
To me, that sounds like a will to win that should be applauded, and an economic stimulus that will one day benefit many of today's players who can't make it to the NFL. It would be nice to know that the NCAA might endorse a college's willingness to create positions for deserving employees, some who may or may not be former players.
"Sorry, Brown says no."
Brown should spend more time in trying to figure out why Texas has gone 22-16 with two minor bowl appearances since Saban took him to the woodshed rather than trying to slice the Achilles' of the SEC.
Predictable as it is, it's really very unbecoming of the man.
He's seen the SEC's tentacles wrap around his state with Texas A&M's successful, if not enormous, splash into this intriguing new league, and he's not happy with the way things have developed.
And he'd rather yelp like a scalded dog than — perish the thought — answer the bell and compete.
It seems like he's been mailing it in for years. But this? Really?
Dwight Collins can be reached at email@example.com.
Slow down SEC, you're making Texas look bad
Jul 24, 2013 at 5:44 PM


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Crucial's M550 solid-state drive reviewed The Crucial M500 is one of the most popular SSDs around. Now, there's a updated version with higher capacities, better performance, and more sensible... Type: Feature article Tags: Storage |
34 |
Deal of the week: Discounted tablets, wireless keyboards, cheap SSDs, and more It's been one of those weeks, and there's a pile of work ahead of me that will spill into the weekend, so I'll cut to... Type: News story Tags: CPUs Cooling Storage Memory Input devices Mobile computing |
15 |
Sony, Panasonic cooking up 1TB optical discs Okay, so this isn't the first time someone has promised us 1TB optical media. Fujifilm did just that over a year ago. But hey,... Type: News story Tags: Storage |
76 |
Deal of the week: Discounted Windows and cheap storage Our deals posts are often dominated by storage discounts, and this week's edition is no exception. There are loads of SSD bargains right now.... Type: News story Tags: Storage Operating systems |
11 |
WD's My Cloud EX2 external drive doubles down on 3.5'' storage If you've been following WD's external storage products, then you've seen the My Cloud EX2 coming from miles away. The first seed was planted... Type: News story Tags: Storage |
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OCZ's Z-Drive 4500 PCIe sports fast specs, smart thermal control As desktop SSDs bump into the limits of the 6Gbps Serial ATA interface, server-oriented drives are enjoying the spoils of PCI Express connectivity. OCZ's latest... Type: News story Tags: Storage Servers |
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Deal of the week: SSDs, power supplies, and 144Hz monitors We've got another short and sweet deal post for you guys this week, with a small collection of hardware bargains: Kingston's... Type: News story Tags: Power Storage Displays |
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Intel's 730 Series solid-state drive reviewed Intel's new 730 Series desktop SSD is rather unique. It's based on the company's datacenter drives, it has an extra flash die onboard, and... Type: Feature article Tags: Storage |
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Titanfall requires 48GB of storage Titanfall may be one of the biggest PC games of the year—literally. Vince Zampella, co-founder of Titanfall developer Respawn Entertainment, revealed on Twitter that... Type: News story Tags: Storage Gaming |
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The SSD Endurance Experiment: Data retention after 600TB Our SSD Endurance Experiment has crossed the 600TB threshold, and we've performed an extended data retention test to celebrate the occasion. Type: Feature article Tags: Storage |
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Deal of the week: Solid-state drives, graphics cards, cases, and more We've got a nice assortment of bargains this week, starting with four heavily discounted solid-state drives: Kingston's SSDNow V300 120GB is... Type: News story Tags: Graphics Cases Storage |
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Microsoft launches OneDrive, gives away extra storage In the aftermath of a patent dispute, Microsoft announced last month that SkyDrive, its cloud storage service, would be rebranded as OneDrive. Today, the... Type: News story Tags: Storage Internet |
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Eight SSDs team up on Super Talent's RAIDDrive II Plus PCIe drive Super Talent has a new PCI Express SSD. The RAIDDrive II Plus combines eight SATA-based solid-state drives behind an LSI RAID chip with... Type: News story Tags: Storage |
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Deal of the week: Solid-state storage and games This week in our deal post, we've gathered a couple of juicy solid-state storage deals—and a handful of gaming bargains for good measure. Let's start... Type: News story Tags: Storage Gaming |
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AMD promo video pimps the DockPort standard Many moons ago (actually just over two years), AMD took us into a back room of its CES mega-booth and showed us Lightning Bolt,... Type: News story Tags: Storage Displays Mobile computing Personal tech |
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Deal of the week: Discounted storage and a PSU bargain We've got a nice collection of storage bargains for this week's deal post—and a sizable discount on a power supply, too, to mix things up... Type: News story Tags: Power Storage |
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Deal of the week: Unlocked Haswell CPUs, more SSDs, and a Windows tablet With the Super Bowl primed for Sunday, most of this week's sales focus on big-screen TVs and other consumer electronics gear. However, we've still... Type: News story Tags: CPUs Cases Cooling Storage Mobile computing |
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HGST's helium-filled He6 6TB hard drive selling for $800 HGST introduced the Ultrastar He6 6TB in November. The drive is not only the first to offer 6TB of storage in a single... Type: News story Tags: Storage Servers |
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Windows 10 Creators Update set to hit PCs on April 11 | 4 |


text:
918868_Size-King Bed
"catentry_id" : "918868",
"Attributes" : {
"Size_King Bed":"1"
Ziggy Reversible Quilt Cover Set - King Bed

Enhance your bedroom with this on-trend Ziggy quilt cover set. It also includes a matching pillowcase to complement the look.

Fabric Content: Polyester and cotton

Includes 1 quilt cover and 2 pillowcase

Thread count of 180 per 10 sq. cm

Size: Quilt cover - 2.45m x 2.1m; Pillowcase - 48cm x 74cm

Machine wash according to instructions on the care label

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Product details
Enhance your bedroom with this on-trend Ziggy quilt cover set. It also includes a matching pillowcase to complement the look.
- Fabric Content: Polyester and cotton
- Includes 1 quilt cover and 2 pillowcase
- Thread count of 180 per 10 sq. cm
- Size: Quilt cover - 2.45m x 2.1m; Pillowcase - 48cm x 74cm
- Machine wash according to instructions on the care label
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text:
Dr. Philip Bonanno MD
- Ophthalmology Glen Cove, NY
Patient Reviews
Dr. Philip Bonanno, MD is a Doctor primarily located in Glen Cove, NY. He has 43 years of experience. His specialties include Ophthalmology. Dr. Bonanno is affiliated with Northport VA Medical Center. He speaks English.
Patients rate and review their physicians based on criteria of care including bedside manner, doctor-patient face time, and degree of follow-up. Patients also provide their doctor with an overall ratings. Vitals analyzes these ratings annually, along with other quality measures, to identify and award the top physicians.
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Specialties & Expertise
Dr. Philip Bonanno has the following 9 areas of expertise, 1 specialty and 1 board certification.
An ophthalmologist has the training to do much more than just prescribe glasses. They are physicians specially trained to diagnose and treat disorders of the eyes and vision. These doctors are experts on the complicated anatomy of the eye and are trained to treat eye diseases through both medical and surgical methods.
Some common conditions that ophthalmologists treat are cataracts, glaucoma, strabismus, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration and amblyopia. In addition, ophthalmologists can provide prescriptions for eye glasses and contact lenses and perform LASIK surgery and other corrective surgeries for refractive errors like myopia (near-sightedness), hyperopia (far-sightedness), astigmatism and presbyopia.
See areas of expertise for treating specific conditions, procedures and surgeries for this doctor.
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See the board certifications this doctor has received. Board certifications provide confidence that this doctor meets the nationally recognized standards for education, knowledge and experience.
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Health Guides
Contact Lens Care
A complete overview of what you need to know about your contact lenses.
more health guides
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Nearby Doctors
Dr. Philip Bonanno, MD is similar to these 3 Doctors near Glen Cove, NY.
Dr. Scott Verni
Dr. Jonathan Wesson
Dr. Anthony Girardi


text:
Film: Fuji Velvia 100F 8x10 Enlargements |
Framed with a simple black frame and matte, it would be a gorgeous vintage-feel addition to any decor. The cross-processed Velvia film gives a richness and warmth to the photographs, and the short depth of field creates interest with the precise and intricate nature of the typewriter contrasting with the soft focus and grainy film quality.
All you need to do to enter is share a link to Dear Little House on your own blog, Facebook page, or Twitter. You can enter as many times as you share the link, just pop back over here and leave a comment on this post to tell us that you've linked!
Entries close at 6pm (AEDST) 18th January 2012 and the winning comment will be drawn by random number generator. Open to all readers internationally. The more entries you have the higher your chances of winning, so link away! The winner will be contacted by email, so if you don't want to log in to enter please send me an email (see the 'drop us a line' tab at the top of the page) to let me know which comment is yours. Prize valued at $300 AUD.
Remember, your comment on this blog post is your entry. Good luck!


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19456 Surnames | 123976 Records | 2652 Reunions
Dead Fred asks:Are you a Desperate Genealogist? Click the e-book above for details!
Dead Fred's Genealogy Photo Archive, a free, fun photo genealogy research web site devoted to helping you visualize your heritage!
Photo Thumbnail Click image for larger view.
Order The Desperate Genealogist's Idea Book: Creative Ways to Outsmart Your Elusive Ancestors (eBook).You can also order The Desperate Genealogist's Idea Book in hardcopy format by clicking here.
Photo #15220
Last Name: Photo Album-Elpers
First Name : Aunt Mables House
Middle Name:
Subject's City: Detroit
Subject's State: Mi
Subject's County:
Subject's Country: United States
Date: 1918
Photographer: Elpers
Photographer's City:
Photographer's State:
Type** : SNAP
Comments: Aunt Mables House Photo Album-Elpers (Nee: ) | Detroit Mi United States | 1918 | Comments: Aunt Mables House in Detroit- Photo Album - ELPERS/Logansport IN .This photo(s) are from a photo album compiled by Evangeline ELPERS 215-13th St Logansport In c1911- 1920s also 18th st . Friends and family surnames represented in this album and found in the surname search are - Brennan,Crane,Doughtery Elpers,Etnier,Flanigan,Geyer,Gresham,Hartman,Hassett,Heard,Hella,Hills,Holmes,Huff,Johnson,Kennedy,Kerrigan,King,Litz,Logan,Lehman,McKinsey,Murphy,Neff,Reuter,Rockenbach,Strange,Tangey,Taylor,Thomas,Tuberty,Vance,Weimess,Williams States and towns mentioned in the album are :Logansport, Indiana ,Kewanna, IN Detroit,Mi Rogers,Mi Pine Lake Mi,Chicago,Il and Santa Paula,Ca ..Type ELPERS in Photographers Slot to see uploaded information & photos in this album for a close up scan or for informaion write firstname.lastname@example.com or Joe@deadfred
Digital Image Only? NO
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We recently supported a Group team member on his battle for a title at the Classic Touring Car Racing Club Pre 2005 Championship....
READ MORELighting & Bulbs
For Your Opel Meriva
The lights used on and in your Opel Meriva, like any light bulb can often blow, needing replacement as soon as possible.
Quickco carry a large range of lights, bulbs and components for all vehicle types. If the bulb or lighting component you require is not listed below, please ensure you contact us as we may still have stock of the item.


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For use with the Robotic Floor Washer (84923). Additional Cleaning Solution. Set of four 16oz. bottles.
Shipping charges noted in parentheses apply in addition to our standard shipping & service.
We're sorry, but gift wrap is not available. Please call 1-800-395-7006 for Premium or Express delivery rates.
Oversized items scheduled for expedited delivery (Premium or Express) may incur additional shipping and services charges because of their unusual size. Please call 1-800-321-1484 for an estimate of S&S charges. International callers, please call 1-513-860-3397.
We're sorry, but gift wrap is not available for oversized items.
Shipped via truck and may require customer assistance upon delivery. You will be contacted to make an appointment for delivery.
We're sorry, but gift wrap and gift cards are not available.
GST still applies and will be charged upon processing. For complete shipping & service charges please call Customer Service at 1-800-321-1484.
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Epson XP-208 Driver and Software
Can't find a driver for your Epson XP-208? VueScan is here to help
Don't you hate how Epson stop releasing drivers whenever a new operating system comes out? VueScan works differently. In most cases VueScan doesn't need a driver from Epson.
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text:
Tallahassee, FL - Attached is a PDF file containing all bookings at the Leon County Jail from February 28, 2013. Pictures are included.
The PDF can be found above as "LCSO Daily Booking Report".
DISCLAIMER : The arrest records available through this website are public information. Any indication of an arrest does not mean the individual identified has been convicted of a crime. All persons arrested are innocent until proven guilty in a court of law.


text:
August 09, 2007 Symantec ActiveX Control Input Validation Error Revision History Risk Impact
Overview Affected Products
Unaffected Products
Details Symantec response Mitigation How to Obtain the Update
Best Practices
Credit References Symantec takes the security and proper functionality of our products very seriously. As founding members of the Organization for Internet Safety (OISafety), Symantec supports and follows the principles of responsible disclosure. Symantec also subscribes to the vulnerability disclosure guidelines outlined by the National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC). Please contact email@example.com if you feel you have discovered a security issue in a Symantec product. A Symantec Product Security team member will contact you regarding your submission. Symantec strongly recommends using encrypted email for reporting vulnerability information to email@example.com. The Symantec Product Security PGP key can be found at the end of this message. Symantec has developed a Product Vulnerability Response document outlining the process we follow in addressing suspected vulnerabilities in our products. This document is available below.
Copyright © by Symantec Corp. Disclaimer Symantec, Symantec products, Symantec Security Response, and firstname.lastname@example.com are registered trademarks of Symantec Corp. and/or affiliated companies in the United States and other countries. All other registered and unregistered trademarks represented in this document are the sole property of their respective companies/owners. Initial Post on: Thursday, 09-Aug-07 08:42:00 Last modified on: Thursday, 09-Aug-07 08:51:42 |