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Revision as of 14:11, 29 December 2013
Gandalf | |
Maia | |
Biographical Information | |
Other names | The Grey, The White, Olórin, Mithrandir, Incánus, Tharkûn, The White Rider, Gandalf Greyhame, Stormcrow, Wand-elf, Láthspell |
Location | No fixed abode |
Affiliation | Istari (Wizards) White Council Fellowship of the Ring |
Sailed west | 29 September T.A. 3021 Grey Havens |
Physical Description | |
Gender | Male |
Height | 5'6"[1] |
Hair color | Long white, silver beard[2] |
Clothing | Grey robes (later white), blue hat, grey scarf, black boots[3] |
Weaponry | Glamdring Narya |
Steed | Shadowfax |
Gallery | Images of Gandalf |
Gandalf.mp3 | |
By Ardamir. (Help; more articles) | |
- "Gandalf was shorter in stature than the other two; but his long white hair, his sweeping silver beard, and his broad shoulders, made him look like some wise king of ancient legend. In his aged face under great snowy brows his eyes were set like coals that could suddenly burst into fire."
- ― The Fellowship of the Ring, Many Meetings
Gandalf was one of the five Istari sent to Middle-earth by the Valar in the Third Age. In Valinor he was known as Olórin. Gandalf was instrumental in bringing about the demise of Sauron in T.A. 3019, chiefly by encouraging others and dispensing his wisdom at pivotal times. Gandalf was originally robed in grey, and second to Saruman in the Order of wizards. After his fall in Moria, Gandalf returned to Middle-earth as head of the Order, robed in white. Gandalf was noteworthy for his keen interest in Hobbits.
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Olórin was a Maia who dwelt in the gardens of Irmo in Valinor.[4] As a pupil of Nienna, Olórin was said to be the wisest of the Maiar; he learned pity and patience from his teacher.
During the Third Age, while Sauron's 'dark spirit of malice' was increasing over Middle-earth, the Valar chose five emissaries from among the Maiar to go and help the peoples. Manwë selected Olórin, who, at first, did not wish to go, as he feared Sauron. However, Manwë said that that was all the more reason why he should go.[5]. Furthermore, the One Ring, the location of much of Sauron's power, presumably still existed somewhere in Middle-earth.
Olórin submitted to the will of Manwë, and departed Valinor to Mithlond in the year T.A. 1000.[5] He arrived after the others, Curumo, Aiwendil, Pallando, and Alatar, at about the same time the Necromancer appeared in Mirkwood.
Coming to Middle-earth
Olórin , like the other Wizards, took the shape of an old man. He was robed in gray and went about as a wanderer and counselor.
At Mithlond he was welcomed by Glorfindel, his friend from Valinor, sent earlier on a similar mission, and Círdan the shipwright, who possessed Narya, one of the Three Elven Rings of power. Círdan divined in Olórin a sense of strength and power despite his appearance as a bent and aged old man. Círdan gave Narya to Olórin, with a prediction of his future struggles with evil, and a promise that it would support and aid him in his labors. Then Círdan said "But as for me, my heart is with the Sea, and I will dwell by the grey shores until the last ship sails. I will await you."[6]
Olórin then began his sojourn in Middle-earth. Unlike Saruman, Gandalf did not go east[7] and did not take up a single permanent residence. Gandalf apparently restricted his activities to the Westlands of Middle-earth, where the remnants of the Dúnedain and the Eldar remained to oppose Sauron. He was known by many names during the long years he remained in Middle-earth: Elves named him Mithrandir, the Grey Pilgrim, while the men of Arnor named him Gandalf, which became his most common name. He was also known as Incánus (in the south), and Tharkûn to the Dwarves.[5]
A legend says that Gandalf was given by Yavanna the Elfstone of Eärendil, to bring to the peoples of Middle-earth as a token that the Valar had not forsaken them. He gave it to Galadriel, and remarked prophetically that she would in turn pass it to an individual who would also be called Elessar.[8]
Early vigilance
Around T.A. 1100,[6] the Istari and the Eldar discovered that some evil entity resided at Dol Guldur in Mirkwood. Dark shapes moved in the forest and evil began to multiply in the woods. Some thought a Nazgûl had returned to torment the world, or some new evil was arising. Gandalf was unsure, and feared that perhaps Sauron himself might have returned.[9]
Over the next two hundred years the evil continued to grow, as well as the source directing it. Orcs were multiplying in the Misty Mountains and elsewhere. The Witch-king, the mightiest of the Nazgûl, had built a fortress in Angmar in the Northern wastelands and waged unending war against the Kingdom of Arnor. Meanwhile Moria and Minas Ithil fell under a shadow, while other wars, plagues, and catastrophes occurred across Middle-earth. Gandalf went to Dol Guldur in 2063 to discover its secret.[6] An entity known only as the 'Necromancer' fled before him preventing Gandalf from identifying him.[9] After Gandalf's incursion, the evil there seemed to desist, and its absence allowed for some centuries of calmness.
That peaceful period was known as the Watchful Peace and lasted for almost four hundred years, but the Nazgûl had used this period to prepare for Sauron's return, in 2460.[6] Realising the returning evil, the Wise formed the White Council three years later. Galadriel, bearer of one of the Three Elven Rings and mighty among the Eldar, wished Gandalf to be the chief of the Council, but it was Saruman who took this place-- because of his vast knowledge, but also because Gandalf refused this position, wishing to set down no roots and to maintain his independence.[9]
During his wanderings in Eriador, Gandalf met and befriended the isolated and secretive people of the Hobbits in their country, The Shire. During the Long Winter of 2758 Gandalf came to their aid.[6] It was then when he witnessed and admired the pity and courage the humble Hobbits reserved in their hearts.[10] Gandalf would visit the Shire occasionally and participate in their parties where he impressed young Hobbits (such as Bilbo Baggins) with his fireworks, and his stories about Dragons, Goblins and princesses.[10] He was thus known to be "responsible for so many quiet lads and lasses going off into the Blue for mad adventures".[3]
When King Thráin II, a dwarf of the royal line of Lonely Mountain, disappeared on journey to Erebor, Gandalf looked for him. At some point after 2845 he entered the abandoned city of Khazad-dûm. After his vain search the Wizard exited through the Doors of Durin; however this experience did not help him know how to open the doors from the outside.[11]
In 2850, his quest led him once more to Dol Guldur, this time in secrecy.[6] He found Thráin in the dungeons, who gave the Wizard his last possessions, the map and key to Erebor[12]. Most importantly, he found that the Necromancer was no Nazgûl – it was Sauron himself, and he had taken the last of the Seven Rings from the Dwarf King; Sauron was gathering the remaining Rings of Power and possibly searching for his lost One Ring.
Gandalf escaped Dol Guldur and returned to the White Council.[9] After relating his discoveries, he urged the council to attack Sauron while the One Ring was still lost and Sauron's power immature. But Saruman said that it was better to watch and wait; that the One Ring had long ago rolled from Anduin to the Sea. The majority of the council agreed with Saruman. Elrond Half-elven, a powerful member of the council, later privately told Gandalf he had a foreboding that the Ring would be found, and that the war to end the age was coming. Indeed, he added, he feared that it would end in darkness and despair. Gandalf encouraged him, saying there were many "strange chances," and that, "help oft shall come from the hands of the weak". Gandalf did not yet realize that Saruman now wanted the ring for himself and was secretly searching for it along the banks of river Anduin.
The Quest for Erebor
Gandalf was concerned about the weak state of the North. Smaug the Dragon had destroyed both the Kingdom under the Mountain and the town of Dale, and Gandalf feared that Sauron might use the desolation around Erebor to regain the northern passes in the mountains and the old lands of Angmar. Gandalf knew that Dwarf lord Thorin planned to battle against Smaug, but he knew that it would not be enough. In 2941,[6] Gandalf happened across the dwarf lord Thorin while staying the night in Bree.[10] Thorin initiated conversation; he had been having a strange feeling urging him to seek Gandalf. Gandalf was intrigued, for he had thought to seek Thorin as well. They found they were taking the same road for a while (Thorin passing through the Shire on his way to the Ered Luin), and they agreed to travel together. Thorin wanted advice, and Gandalf wanted to discuss the dragon Smaug with Thorin.
Ultimately, Gandalf concocted a plan wherein Thorin could destroy Smaug and recover his family fortune, albeit with a "burglar" of Gandalf's own choosing. Gandalf had a feeling that a Hobbit should be involved, and he remembered an adventuresome Hobbit named Bilbo Baggins he had met some years before. By this time, however, Bilbo was far from "adventuresome".[3] In the end Gandalf convinced the reluctant Baggins to become a burglar for Thorin. Gandalf then accompanied Thorin and Company to Rivendell. During the journey Gandalf obtained a sword known as Glamdring from a troll-hoard; Gandalf bore it for the rest of his life.[13]
Gandalf helped Thorin and Company through the Misty Mountains, saving them several times from orcs and other calamities. It was during this time that Bilbo obtained a "magic ring".[14] Bilbo initially claimed he "won" it from the creature "Gollum" while the company was under the Misty Mountains.[15] The ring conferred invisibility on Bilbo when he wore it, and he kept it secret from Gandalf for some time. Gandalf, for his part, found himself amazed by the hobbit; until then the wise had paid no attention to hobbits and knew little of them. For the rest of his sojourn in Middle-earth, Gandalf took a special interest in hobbits, and particularly in the Baggins family.
Gandalf left the quest prior to its completion, yet the quest was successful: Smaug was killed,[16] and the Orcs and Wargs of the Misty Mountains were defeated by an alliance of the Dwarves of Erebor, the men of Dale, and the Elves of Mirkwood in the Battle of Five Armies.[17] Gandalf had accomplished his immediate goal, which was to destroy Smaug, who could have been used to disastrous effect by Sauron. A large number of Orcs and Wargs also were killed in the North, removing threats to Rivendell and Lothlórien.[10]
During that same year, Saruman finally agreed to an attack and the White Council assailed Dol Guldur and rid Mirkwood of the Necromancer's presence.[18] This was carefully planned by Gandalf, so that Sauron and Smaug could not assist each other, as otherwise they could easily have done. Upon Bilbo and Gandalf's return to Rivendell, Elrond and the grey wizard discussed this and the events of the Lonely Mountain. They both agreed that it would be better if the Necromancer were banished from the world altogether.[19]
Gandalf had left Thorin and Company before reaching the edge of Mirkwood to attend a White Council meeting in the South. The Council was meeting under the gravest of circumstances: Sauron's vast power was returning, even without his ring. Gandalf at last convinced the Council to attack Dol Guldur. Even Saruman was willing by this time, for now he feared Sauron as a rival, and wished to delay Sauron's search for the Ring. The Council put forth its strength and drove Sauron from Mirkwood.
The Return of the Shadow
Despite the Council's hopes, Sauron was not weakened by this attack. He had foreseen the move that drove him from Mirkwood, and his retreat was but a feint. Ten years after he was driven out of Mirkwood, Sauron declared himself openly in Mordor in 2951 and rebuilt the Barad-dûr. The White Council met for one last time in 2953 to debate about the Rings of Power. Saruman quieted his peers claiming to have the knowledge that the One Ring was lost in the Belegaer. After their meeting, Saruman, jealous and afraid of Gandalf, set spies to watch all his movements; this would affect the peaceful Hobbits, as Saruman thus discovered the existence and noted Gandalf's interest in the Shire, and started sending agents in Bree and the Southfarthing.[6]
Meanwhile Sauron began reassembling his forces for the final blow against the hated remnants of Númenor and the Eldar still in Middle-earth. Easterlings from Khand and beyond the Sea of Rhûn, joined by men from South Harad reinforced his stronghold in Mordor; Orcs, trolls, and other foul beasts were multiplying in Mordor; Sauron's minions also were searching the Anduin for any sign of his precious One Ring.
Gandalf met Aragorn, the hidden heir of Arnor, in 2956, and soon became friends with him. From that point on Aragorn and Gandalf often worked together towards a common end - the defeat of Sauron.
During this period Gandalf visited the Shire frequently, especially his friend Bilbo Baggins, and his younger cousin, Frodo. He noted Bilbo's unusual youthfulness, despite his advancing age; the suspicious "magic ring" that Bilbo had acquired during his adventure began to weigh on his mind. Gandalf recalled the deceit Bilbo used in originally claiming it for his own-- Bilbo had later admitted to stealing it from Gollum. Gandalf could see that Bilbo was now very preoccupied with the ring. Such un-hobbitlike behaviour aroused his suspicions. In 3001 he organized for him the Bilbo's Farewell Party, and before leaving the Shire, he convinced Bilbo to leave the Ring for Frodo. He then emphatically warned Frodo not to use it; Gandalf had begun to suspect that the "magic ring" was indeed a ring of power.
Keen now to find out more about Gollum, he saught Aragorn's help to capture him. With Gollum's tale, and the records in Minas Tirith, he pieced together the missing history of the One Ring in 3017. A great fear came over him when he learned that Gollum had been to the Barad-dûr. Sauron had tortured Gollum and learned not only of the "magic ring", but also the names "Shire" and "Baggins". Gandalf now returned in haste to the Shire, certain that Frodo's ring was not simply a ring of power: it was the One Ruling Ring of Sauron.
The War of the Ring
The Treachery of Saruman
After Gandalf's fears were confirmed, he returned to the Shire and advised Frodo to leave as soon as possible, promising to return before a farewell party for Bilbo in autumn of that year (3018), and to escort him to Rivendell. Gandalf also told Frodo about the creature Gollum, to which Frodo exclaimed that he should have been killed. Gandalf speculated that perhaps Gollum would have a part to play before the end, and in any case, it was not for them to decide who should live and who should die. He then set out to seek the advice of Saruman, supposedly still the head of the order.
Hearing disturbing news from Radagast, he went to the Prancing Pony at Bree. Believing that he would not be able to return to Frodo in time, he wrote a letter, urging him to move as soon as possible for Rivendell, and seek someone "Strider" whose real name is Aragorn, with a riddle to identify him; Gandalf would then try to catch up with them when available. He also instructed Barliman Butterbur to send the letter to Hobbiton and to expect a Mr. Baggins that will come under the name of "Mr. Underhill". He left the inn, but Barliman would forget to send the letter.[20]
Soon thereafter Gandalf arrived at Isengard. At their meeting, Saruman at last revealed his desire for the One Ring. He offered to his "old friend and helper" that they take the Ring for themselves and seize power from Sauron. Gandalf rejected this with horror, and was imprisoned by Saruman on the pinnacle of Orthanc. Gwaihir, chief of the Eagles, soon arrived and helped Gandalf escape. Gandalf knew he must return quickly to the Shire, as Frodo (and the ring) were in grave danger from both Sauron's Nazgûl and now Saruman's treacherous desire for the ring.
Gandalf hurriedly went to Rohan, desiring to find a strong steed; there he obtained Shadowfax from King Théoden, who later resented the gift. This lord of horses and Gandalf forged a special bond, and Gandalf made quick use of Shadowfax's incredible strength and endurance.
Gandalf sped to the Shire. Fortunately, Frodo had already left the Shire without waiting for Gandalf, and was seeking the refuge of Rivendell. Upon arrival Gandalf learned that the Nazgûl, arrayed as Black Riders, had been searching the area. Dismayed, he set out for Bree; Barliman apologised to Gandalf for forgetting to send the letter, worried that the hobbits had left with Strider, the suspicious Ranger. But for Gandalf this was a hope which far exceeded his expectations. After congratulating a puzzled Barliman, and blessing his beer, Gandalf then made for Weathertop, a high point in the region, to observe the surrounding area.
There he was assaulted at night by the Nazgûl, but drove them off after a great battle of light and flame. These phenomena were seen by Aragorn and the hobbits from afar, without knowing it was Gandalf. Before leaving, he marked some stones with the certh G for them to find.
He then went directly to Rivendell, where he welcomed Glorfindel, Aragorn and the hobbits upon their arrival several days later, Frodo being sorely wounded but still in possession of the ring.
The Fellowship of the Ring
Elrond called a council after Frodo was healed to consider the momentous decision regarding the ring. By chance, representatives of most of the free peoples happened to be in Rivendell already for various reasons. Elrond and Gandalf advised that the Ring should be destroyed in the fires of Orodruin, where it was made. Others dissented or objected, but eventually submitted to Gandalf's plan. Ultimately, Elrond appointed the Fellowship of the Ring as nine walkers, numerically set against Sauron's nine Nazgûl. The relatively small number reflected the realization by Elrond and the other council members that the quest of Mount Doom would not rely upon strength of arms, but on stealth and good fortune. Gandalf was chosen to lead the company, which included Aragorn, Boromir, Legolas the Elf, Gimli the Dwarf, and the hobbits Frodo Baggins, Samwise Gamgee, Peregrin Took, and Meriadoc Brandybuck.
Several obstacles stood in the company's way. The vast Misty Mountains had to be crossed, for Gandalf was determined not to lead the company near Isengard. Gandalf decided to take a southern route to the Redhorn Pass and there to cross the Misty Mountains near Caradhras, thereby traversing the mountain range and avoiding Isengard. When this attempt failed due to a terrible storm he then decided to take the Fellowship through the ruins of Moria, where the remains of the great Dwarf city of Khazad-dûm was now a labyrinth of tunnels under the mountains. Others in the company were loathe enter the maze, as it was now the lair of orcs and something known only as "Durin's Bane".
At the Doors of Durin on the west side of the mountains, Gandalf, after some delay, spoke the password and led the company into the dark. Having been in Moria on an earlier perilous errand, he was somewhat familiar with the underground passages. Eventually the party came to the Chamber of Mazarbul, where Gandalf read the Book of Records, which revealed the fate of Balin, the leader of an ill-fated attempt to re-colonize Moria. Soon after, the party was attacked by orcs, and forced to flee the chamber. By then Gandalf was well aware of their location, and he led the party quickly towards the eastern exit.Unfortunately Durin's Bane caught up to the group at the Bridge of Khazad-dûm. Gandalf and Legolas immediately realized what it was: a Balrog of Morgoth, a servant of the first dark lord. In a spectacular display of bravery Gandalf faced the demon and broke the bridge both stood upon, leaving the beast to fall into a seemingly bottomless chasm. But the Balrog's whip lashed out and grasped Gandalf by the knees, pulling him down. Clinging to the edge of the passageway, Gandalf shouted "Fly, you fools" and vanished into the abyss.[21]
Yet Gandalf did not die; he and the Balrog fought long in the bowels and deep places of Arda. Gandalf finally pursued the beast up the Endless Stair to the peak of Celebdil, where he fought the demon for two days and nights. The Balrog had burst into flame anew when it exited the stairs; ice, wind, and smoke swirled about them as they dueled. Gandalf used his last measure of strength to slay the Balrog, throwing him down the mountainside in ruin. Gandalf's spirit then left his body, having sacrificed himself to save the Fellowship.Gandalf the White
But Gandalf's spirit did not depart Middle-earth forever at this time. As the only one of the five Istari to stay true to his errand, Olórin/Gandalf was sent back to mortal lands by Eru, and he became Gandalf once again. Yet, as he was now the sole emissary of the Valar to Middle-earth, he was granted the power to "reveal" more of his inner Maiar strength. This naked power that lay within him was seldom used during the remainder of his time in Middle-earth, as his mission was essentially the same: to support and succor those who opposed Sauron. Nevertheless, when Gandalf's wrath was kindled his "unveiled" strength was such that few of Sauron's servants could withstand him.
As he lay naked on the mountaintop, the great eagle Gwaihir came up and bore him to Lothlórien, where he was clothed and replenished, and given a new staff by Galadriel. Gandalf soon learned that Frodo and Sam had left the Fellowship and were attempting the quest of Mount Doom alone. As Frodo was beyond his assistance now, Gandalf promptly went south to Fangorn Forest, where he met the Three Hunters: Aragorn, Legolas, and Gimli, and gave them messages from Galadriel. Then he called forth Shadowfax, and rode with them to Edoras. There he found that Saruman's spy Gríma Wormtongue had deceived King Théoden into hopeless impotence. Gandalf quickly deposed Wormtongue and encouraged Théoden to ride west to war against Saruman. Gandalf by now was keenly aware that the great war to end the age was beginning; if Saruman conquered Rohan then Gondor would be alone with enemies on all sides.
At Gandalf's encouragement King Théoden went west to Helm's Deep where he was quickly besieged; Gandalf then searched for Erkenbrand and the forces of the Westfold, which he later found and led to the Deep, thus breaking the siege. Meanwhile, the Ents (along with the hobbits Merry and Pippin) moved against Saruman and sent Huorns against the orcs, resulting in the utter ruin of the outer walls of Isengard and the complete annihilation of Saruman's orcs. After the battle, Gandalf went to Orthanc with Théoden, Aragorn, and a small group. There Saruman rejected Gandalf's offer of forgiveness with contempt. Gandalf then broke Saruman's staff and cast him from the Order and the Council. Gandalf imposed a strict watch on Isengard by the Ents and then advised King Théoden to ride to Gondor's defense as soon as possible. The wizard's mind had already turned to Gondor and the coming climactic battle in the east.
The Siege of Minas Tirith
As a 'reward' for Pippin, who had foolishly gazed into a palantír, Gandalf took the hobbit with him to Minas Tirith, the last bastion of the west. Soon after arriving, Gandalf confronted Denethor II, the Ruling Steward, and learned that he was near despair over the death of his eldest son, Boromir. Ostensibly they were allies, but the Steward treated him with disrespect and suspicion. When Faramir, the Steward's younger son, returned from Osgiliath and was attacked by Nazgûl, Gandalf upon Shadowfax drove them away by revealing the power within him; later Faramir told him that Frodo and Sam were still alive and headed towards Mordor.The city was soon besieged by a vast force from Mordor, led by the Witch-king. An ill-advised counter attack resulted in Faramir receiving a wound from a poisoned dart; he lay near death inside the Tower. Still, Gandalf encouraged the men of Minas Tirith to have hope, and dispelled the fear of the Ringwraiths by his very presence. But Sauron's catapults hurled flaming bolts upon the city; soon the first circle of the city burned unchecked. Denethor now lost all heart as the city burned and his only remaining son hovered near death; he abandoned his leadership of the city. Gandalf then took it upon himself to direct the defense of the city. When the gigantic ram Grond destroyed the ancient entrance to the city, Gandalf placed himself alone at the ruined gateway. The Witch-king then appeared in the midst of the blasted gate upon a black horse and threatened Gandalf with death; but Gandalf did not move — seated upon Shadowfax he defied the mightiest of Sauron's minions. However, the stand-off ended inconclusively, as the morning arrived along with the host of the Rohirrim. Hearing the horns of the Riders of Rohan, the Witch-king departed.
But Gandalf did not pursue his foe, for Pippin brought him news that Denethor was about to commit suicide in the high tower, burning himself and his son Faramir on a pyre like the heathen Kings of old. Gandalf rushed to stop this madness and was able to save Faramir, but not Denethor, whose despair and grief had overcome his mind. Gandalf also learned how it was that Denethor's will had been broken: Denethor clutched a palantír in his hands as he burned. Clearly Denethor had been using the stone's special properties for some time — extending his vision far beyond those of mannish eyes, but also wrestling in thought with Sauron. And even though Sauron could not completely overwhelm Denethor's mind, his courage was daunted by knowledge of the vast might of Mordor. Thus the shadow entered into the capital of Gondor.
Nevertheless, and against all hope, the siege was broken. Éowyn of Rohan and the hobbit Merry defeated the Witch-king, whose last wail was heard by many as he was reduced to impotence. Soon after, Lord Aragorn arrived with a large valour of men from the southern fiefs upon a captured pirate fleet from Umbar. The forces of the men of the west then utterly defeated Sauron's attack against Minas Tirith, relieving the city and killing virtually all of the invaders. Gandalf's carefully laid plans and words of wisdom, along with acts of heroism not seen since the elder days, had defeated Sauron's first move.
The Last Battle
But the attack against Minas Tirith was only a part of Sauron's plan to devastate the west and make himself the ruler of Middle-earth. Other armies moved in the north against Erebor and the Kingdom of Thranduil, as well as against Lothlórien and other points along the Anduin. Still commanding vast armies of orcs and men, the Dark Lord soon would move against Gondor again; the remnants of the Edain and their allies had little hope against his almost limitless resources.
In Minas Tirith, Gandalf was selected by Aragorn, Imrahil, and Éomer (the remaining lords of the west) to be their leader in the coming final battles. This would be the culmination of Gandalf's efforts in Middle-earth. Fully aware that the west would stand or fall on the outcome of Frodo's mission, he advised the lords to drive north to the Morannon, thereby drawing Sauron's eye away from Frodo's likely location. This plan surely would result in a catastrophic loss for the outnumbered army, but it gave Frodo a chance to achieve the quest of Mount Doom.
Led by Gandalf and Aragorn, the army of the West crossed the Anduin and marched north, pausing occasionally to announce their coming and to dispatch small numbers of men to lesser tasks. Upon arriving at the Black Gate, the forces halted and prepared for battle. As they ordered their companies, the foul Mouth of Sauron rode forth to parley with them; he revealed Frodo's Mithril-coat and Arnor-blade and implied that their owner was captured and tortured. The emissary of Sauron then proposed that the forces of the west surrender; Gandalf however was undaunted, and, seizing his friend's belongings, rejected Sauron's offer. In shock, the Mouth of Sauron turned back towards the Black Gate, which slowly opened to reveal a vast army of orcs and trolls advancing on the lords of the west. Sauron's trap was sprung.
Yet Sauron himself became the victim of Gandalf's trap. Unbeknownst to all, Frodo and Sam had succeeded in scaling Mount Doom and even as the Battle of Morannon began Frodo stood at the Crack of Doom. But the power and lure of the ring finally overcame his will and he placed the ring upon his finger, claiming it as his own. Immediately the Nazgûl were summoned by their lord, as he in terror realized his blunder: his enemies intended to destroy his ring.
But Gandalf's foresight proved accurate again as the creature Gollum, who had been doggedly following the Ring-bearer, seized the ring from Frodo, and, while celebrating his reunion with "his precious," unwittingly fell into the fires of Orodruin. The ring was unmade as the fiery mountain erupted. The tower of Barad-dûr and the Towers of the Teeth began to collapse, their foundations crumbling, the Ring-wraiths burned out like shooting stars, and Sauron was reduced to a mere shadow of malice, never to torment the world again.With Sauron gone, his forces scattered like frightened insects; the Men of the West now set upon them with fury. Gandalf announced the success of the Ring-bearer and the end of Sauron; the quest had been fulfilled. Seeing that victory was achieved, Gandalf then mounted on Gwaihir the Eagle for a third time, and set out to see if Frodo and Samwise had survived the tumults of Mount Doom. To his great relief, the two were found on the slopes of Orodruin, clinging to life amid the volcanic eruptions. The great quest was over.
End of the Order
In Minas Tirith, Gandalf and the remaining members of the Fellowship reunited. At the coronation of King Elessar, Gandalf (at Aragorn's request) set the crown upon the King's head, and declared "Now come the days of the King, and may they be blessed while the thrones of the Valar endure!". Thus Gandalf ushered in the new age of men.
After the coronation and wedding of Aragorn to Arwen, Gandalf left with the rest of the remaining Fellowship on the journey home. For Gandalf, it was his last long journey in Middle-earth. His errand to Arda had been fulfilled; Sauron had been defeated. He said farewell to his friends one by one until at last only the four Hobbits remained at his side. At the borders of the Shire he, too, turned away. He left the Hobbits to settle with the Shire, for the shattered pieces of evil still remaining in the world were no longer his concern, and went to talk to Tom Bombadil.
What Gandalf did during the next two years is unknown; it is possible that his "long talk" with Bombadil was just that. At any rate, on 29 September 3021, he met Frodo at Mithlond, ready to take the White Ship over the sea to Aman. He wore Narya openly on his finger, and Shadowfax was beside him (perhaps even to take ship with him). His mission was over, and his homecoming after more than 2000 years was nigh. He bade farewell to Samwise, Merry, and Pippin (the latter two of which he had forewarned of the passage), then mounted the Grey Ship beside Frodo, Bilbo, Elrond, and Galadriel. The ship passed west upon the sea, and then took the hidden straight path to Valinor: Gandalf became Olórin once more. There, presumably, he dwells still in the gardens of Irmo. Olórin, the wisest of the Maiar and the sole Istar to remain true to his mission, had successfully kindled the hearts of the free people in Middle-earth to overcome the evil of their time. In a large way, it was his victory.Personality
Gandalf is often described in The Lord of the Rings as quick to anger, and equally quick to laugh.[22] His deep wisdom clearly derived from the patience he learned in Valinor, just as his care for all creatures of good will must have come from his strong sense of pity for the weak. Both his patience and sense of pity were revealed again and again, extending even to the servants of his enemies.
Keen observers of Gandalf often detected a veiled power, usually revealed in his eyes, which appeared deep and wise. He was alternately affectionate and brusque; he often surprised others with his bluntness when time was of the essence. Gandalf consistently upbraided foolish behavior, but also richly rewarded those who acted with good intentions.
Hobbits appealed to him more than to the other Wizards, and he went often to the Shire for respites from his errands. It may be that he was amused by their nature. It may also be because they were untouched by the great evils of the world, and were more in touch with nature than Men; perhaps their agrarian lifestyle appealed to Gandalf's innate spirit and reminded him of the gardens of Valinor.
The first description of Gandalf is preserved in the initial pages of The Hobbit, written in the early 1930s. Gandalf's fame is alluded to even before his physical description ("Tales and adventures sprouted up all over the place wherever he went, in the most extraordinary fashion"), while the protagonist's ("unsuspecting Bilbo") impression is that of:
...an old man with a staff. He had a tall pointed blue hat, a long grey cloak, a silver scarf over which a white beard hung down below his waist, and immense black boots.
—J.R.R. Tolkien[3]
Later, Tolkien wrote:
...a figure strongly built and with broad shoulder, though shorter than the average of men and now stooped with age, leaning on a thick rough-cut staff as he trudged along... Gandalf's hat was wide-brimmed [...] with a pointed conical crown, and it was blue; he wore a long grey cloak, but this would not reach much below his knees. It was of an elven silver-grey hue, though tarnished by wear - as is evident from the general use of grey in the book... But his colours were always white, silver-grey, and blue - except for the boots he wore when walking in the wild...Gandalf even bent must have been at least 5 ft. 6... Which would make him a short man even in modern England, especially with the reduction of a bent back.
—J.R.R. Tolkien[1]
Although some of the Wise know his true nature, his "wizard-like" appearance causes many to mistake him for a simple conjurer. After his return his "signature colour" changes from grey to white, for he has been sent back to replace the corrupt Saruman as the chief of the Wizards. In the book he claims that in some ways he now "was Saruman", or rather Saruman as he should have been.
Círdan the Shipwright seemed to have foreseen this, for he entrusted the care of Narya, one of the Three Rings of the Elves to Gandalf rather than Saruman.
Powers and abilities
Gandalf was servant of the Secret Fire, wielder of the flame of Anor,[21] and bearer of Narya.
He demonstrated extensive knowledge of the land and an assortment of magical abilities from trivial to essential. For example he would use his powers for entertainment, by blowing glowing smoke rings that moved around a room at his direction, and Bilbo Baggins remembered him for his fantastic fireworks displays. He created blinding flashes and other pyrotechnics to distract the goblins of the Misty Mountains, aiding the dwarves in their escape from Goblin-town. On the eastern slopes, he turned pine cones into flaming projectiles that threw hot sparks and started fires that would not easily go out. He was also able to come and go from the presence of Thorin and Company without being noticed.
He again displayed his proficiency with pyrotechnics at Bilbo's Farewell Party. When the Fellowship is attacked by Wargs in Hollin Gandalf speaks words of power to inflame the trees on the hillock where the company had camped. He was also able to start fires under blizzard conditions, create light of varying intensity for the journey through Moria, magically secure doors, and break the Bridge of Khazad-dûm. When angered or aroused for battle, he seemed to grow in height and assume a terrifying aspect. He fought the Balrog of Moria and killed his opponent, although he did not himself survive the battle.
Sent back to Middle-earth as Gandalf the White, he possessed greater charisma and a limited degree of clairvoyance, although he was unable to peer into the land of Mordor to see the progress of Frodo and Sam. His power and authority had increased so that he could break Saruman's staff with a spoken command, showing his authority to throw the treacherous wizard out of the order.
Most times Gandalf displayed his power, this had to do with fire. It is not known whether his possession of Narya, the Ring of Fire, had any merit to his abilities.[23]
Special equipment
It is unknown whether Gandalf required his staff to exercise certain powers. At times it appeared to focus or extend his powers, such as when it emanated light. Exactly how much it aided him in the use of magic is unknown, but Gríma Wormtongue tried to forbid Gandalf from bringing it into Edoras, clearly under the impression that without it Gandalf's power would be limited.
When he arrived in Middle-earth, Gandalf received the Elven ring Narya from Círdan. It is clear that Gandalf wore this ring from that time to the end of the Third Age but how he used its powers is not known.
In T.A. 2941, Gandalf acquired the Elven sword Glamdring from the treasure hoard of a band of trolls.[13] He continued to wield this weapon throughout The Lord of the Rings, in particular during his fight with the Balrog in Moria.
Throughout his time in Middle-earth Gandalf often was seen with a pipe, the use of which clearly brought him immense enjoyment.
Other versions of the legendarium
In early manuscripts of The Hobbit, the name Bladorthin was used by Tolkien for the character who later would be named Gandalf. The name Gandalf was instead used for the character known as Thorin in the published works.[24]
Gandalfr appears in the list of dwarves in the Völuspá of the Elder Edda, the name means "Cane-elf". Tolkien took the name along with the other dwarves' names when he wrote The Hobbit in the 1930s. He came to regret the creation of this "rabble of eddaic-named dwarves [...] invented in an idle hour",[25] since it forced him to come up with an explanation of why Old Norse names should be used in Third Age Middle-earth. He solved the dilemma in 1942 by the explanation that Old Norse was a translation of the language of Dale. The figure of Gandalf has other influences from Germanic mythology, particularly Odin in his incarnation as "the Wanderer", an old man with one eye, a long white beard, a wide brimmed hat, and a staff: Tolkien states that he thinks of Gandalf as an "Odinic wanderer" in a letter of 1946.[26]
Tolkien had a postcard labeled Der Berggeist ("the mountain spirit"), and on the paper cover in which he kept it, he wrote "the origin of Gandalf" at some point. The postcard reproduces a painting of a bearded figure, sitting on a rock under a pine tree in a mountainous setting. He wears a wide-brimmed round hat and a long cloak and white fawn is nuzzling his upturned hands. Humphrey Carpenter in his 1977 biography said that Tolkien had bought the postcard during his 1911 holiday in Switzerland. However, Manfred Zimmerman discovered that the painting was by German artist Josef Madlener and dates to the late 1920s.[27] Carpenter concluded that Tolkien was probably mistaken about the origin of the postcard himself. Tolkien must have acquired the card at some time in the early 1930s, at a time when The Hobbit had already begun to take shape.
- Main article: Gandalf/Names
Within the legendarium, Gandalf translates an unknown name of the meaning "Elf-of-the-wand (or cane/staff)", or more literary "Wand-elf", in old northern Mannish. Most denizens of Middle-earth incorrectly assumed Gandalf was a Man, although he was really a Maia spirit (approximately equivalent to an angel). However, a less common misconception that occurred during the beginning of his career in Middle-earth was that for someone to be immortal and use as much magic as he did, he must have been an Elf. Although it soon became apparent to all that he could not be an Elf, as he was old and Elves do not generally age, the nickname stuck with him. He later gave it as his name to others he met who did not know its original meaning.
Portrayals in adaptations
Gandalf in adaptations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1966: The Hobbit (1966 film):
- Gandalf's role is drastically reduced. He lives in a tower, where Thorin, the princess and the guard meet him to discuss the killing of Slag. He introduces them to Bilbo, but does not go on the quest.[28]
1977: The Hobbit (1977 film):
- The voice of Gandalf was provided by John Huston.
1978: The Lord of the Rings (1978 film):
- Gandalf was voiced by William Squire. John A. Neris played him in the live-action filming used for rotoscoping.[29]
1980: The Return of the King (1980 film):
- John Huston reprised his role as Gandalf. In this adaptation, the tale is told by a minstrel of Gondor, yet in the story, Gandalf serves as the narrator. Gandalf the White is portrayed without difference from Gandalf the Grey, in The Hobbit.
1985: The Fairytale Adventures of Mr. Baggins, the Hobbit (1985 film):
- Ivan Krasko played Gandalf.
2001: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring:
- Ian McKellen was cast as Gandalf. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his portrayal.
2002: The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers:
- Perhaps the most striking difference from all other adaptations is the difference between Gandalf the Grey and Gandalf the White. Where earlier no visible or audible difference was made, Gandalf the White is portrayed as much more virile, and with a shorter (and whiter) beard.
2003: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King:
- Because Imrahil had been cut from the film, it was up to Gandalf to lead the troops after the madness and death of Denethor.
2012-14: The Hobbit (film series):
- Sir Ian McKellen will reprise his role as Gandalf the Grey.[30] A description of Gandalf in The Hobbit films was released by the studio:
One of the most powerful Wizards in all Middle-earth, Gandalf the Grey joins the quest to reclaim the Dwarf Kingdom of Erebor and the great treasure that lies within its stone halls from a fire-breating dragon, Smaug the Terrible. Along the way, Gandalf finds evidence that an ancient evil may have found its way back into the world. In order to uncover the truth, Gandalf must leave his companions to fend for themselves – a journey that will take him into the darkest corners of Middle-earth where his worst suspicions are confirmed.
—Warner Bros.[31]
Radio series
1955: The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series):
- The voice of Gandalf was provided by Norman Shelley.[32]
1968: The Hobbit (1968 radio series):
- The voice of Gandalf was provided by Heron Carvic.
1979: The Hobbit (1979 radio series):
- The voice of Gandalf was provided Bernard Mayes.
1979: The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series):
- Bernard Mayes reprised his role as Gandalf.
1981: The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series):
- Michael Hordern read the part of Gandalf. He had not read the book, and thought his agent made a mistake in telling him how many episodes he had to do. He did not know Gandalf's early death would prove only temporarily.[33]
1982: The Hobbit (1982 video game):
- Gandalf can be met on several moments of the game's story line.[34]
1990: J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game):
- Gandalf can be "recruited" by Frodo Baggins as a playable character.
1990: J.R.R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan:
- Gandalf is one of the main characters of the game and one of the several heroes of the Rohan faction.
1994: J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (SNES):
- Gandalf can be acquired as a playable characters.
2002: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game):
- Tom Kane provided the voice of Gandalf. He is a playable character in several levels, including the fight with Durin's Bane.
2002: The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game):
- The voice of Gandalf is provided by Ian McKellen. Gandalf the Grey appears at the campsite of the fellowship in The Gates of Moria and during the fight of Balin's Tomb in Balin's Tomb. He latter reappears in the game as Gandalf the White at the start of the mission The Plains of Rohan, where he leaves Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli to search Éomer and his army. He also appears in some cutscenes.
2002: The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (Game Boy Advance):
- In the Game Boy Advance version of The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers Gandalf is a playable character. Gandalf's story starts with a conservation between Gandalf and Théoden, after which the story goes back to the Caradhras, where the Fellowship tries to travel over the Misty Mountains. When that road fails, the Fellowship goes back and travels through Moria. In Moria Gandalf and the other member of the Fellowship are seperated. After finding Frodo, Aragorn and Gimli the fellowship is attacked by a Cave-troll and Goblins. After Gandalf defeats the Cave-troll the Fellowship has to flee for the Balrog. When they reach the Bridge of Khazad-dûm a cutscene is shown, in which Gandalf destroys the bridge and falls with the Balrog in the depths. After the fall Gandalf has to follow the footsteps of the Balrog through the depths of Moria and the Endless Stair untill he reaches Durin's Tower, where he has to defeat the Balrog.
- After being revived he returns as Gandalf the White in Fangorn, where he defeats several Forrest trolls and Crebain. After defeating a stronger Forrest troll, named Fangorn troll, Gandalf meets Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli. After a cutscene, the game moves to Edoras. Gandalf heals the corrupted Théoden in Edoras, and then travels through Rohan in search of Éomer. Gandalf convinces Éomer to lead his army to Helm's Deep.
- The game ends with the Battle of Helm's Deep, in which Gandalf and Éomer fight alongside Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli and Éowyn while protecting the wall, the Hornburg and the Glittering Caves. In the final level Gandalf has to destroy the siege weapons that bombard the Hornburg. The game ends with a conservation between Gandalf, Aragorn, Gimli and Théoden.
2003: The Hobbit (2003 video game):
- Jim Ward provided the voice of Gandalf. He is shown with actual magic: he can shoot blue bolts of lightning from his staff.
2003: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game):
- Gandalf is the narrator, and a playable character. The game is built around him; the cut scene narration shows how he planned for the War of the Ring. He has several missions, collectively called the "Path of the Wizard". The first is the the Battle of Helm's Deep, which serves as a training mission. He has to fight Uruk-Hai in the forest of Huorns and Ents in "The Road to Isengard". After that, the missions move to Minas Tirith: the first mission, "Top of the Wall", has Gandalf warding off ladders and siege towers. In the second, "Courtyard", he has to protect civilians from the invading Orcs. His last playing mission is the Battle of the Black Gate.
2003: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (Game Boy Advance):
- Just like on the consule version of the game, Gandalf is a playable characte. He has many missions, collectively called the "The Journey of the Wizard". He starts in a flooded Isengard, where he has to kill several Uruk-hai and Crebain before he confronts Saruman. After the defeat of Saruman he travels to Minas Tirith through Rohan and the Misty Mountains. At the Pelennor Fields Gandalf has to protect the beacons, so Rohan can be warned. During the Battle of Minas Tirith he has to protect the gate, before making his way to the Steward's Tomb. Here Gandalf has to kill Denethor, before he burns Faramir. After the battle Gandalf travels through Ithilien to the Black Gate, where he confronts a Nazgûl.
2004: The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age:
- Gandalf, voiced by Ian McKellen, is a character in EA's "alternative fellowship" game. In his battle against Durin's Bane, he is aided by the main characters.
2004: The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring:
- Gandalf is voiced by Steven M. Kramer, renowned for playing older mentor types.
2004: The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth:
- In non-storyline skirmishes Gandalf is the hero of the Gondor faction, who possesses several magical abilities. At first, he appears as Gandalf "the Grey", and becomes "Gandalf the White" after reaching level 5 (out of 10). Gandalf also narrates the prologue scene, repeating almost word for word the lines said by Galadriel in the The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring.
- His involvement in the storyline is notable for major differences from the original tale. First of all, Gandalf survives his encounter with Balrog, defeating him at the Bridge of Khazad-dum and continues the journey with the Fellowship - by the time of arrival in Lothlorien he already appears as Gandalf the White. He is present during the ambush at Amon Hen, where thanks to his involvement Boromir is saved from certain death. Merry and Pippin are captured regardless and Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli and Boromir give chase, while Gandalf departs them to see to dealings in Rohan, including freeing of King Théoden from the spell. Following the Battle of Helm's Deep he travels to Minas Tirith along with both Pippin and Boromir, where they participate in the Siege of the city.
2006: The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II:
- Gandalf is a hero for the "Men of the West" faction. Similar to the first game, he appears as Gandalf the Grey initially and Gandalf the White after level 5. He plays no part in the main storyline, but appears in the alternate "evil" campaign: after Sauron reclaims the Ring and lays waste to southern lands, Gandalf and few other survivors meet their end during a last stand in Rivendell.
2007: The Lord of the Rings Online:
- Gandalf is a non-playable character voiced by Harry Chase, who narrates cutscenes and instances throughout the original game, before the first expansion. He first meets the Dwarven characters in Ered Luin in T.A. 2941, shortly before the Quest for Erebor. Later, characters of all races meet him in Bree in October of T.A. 3018, but he is too busy with concerns for Frodo and the Ring and merely sends them away to find Radagast. Finally, the players have a chance to have a proper conversation with him in Rivendell, following the Council of Elrond. During that time, Gandalf is involved in several quests, including helping the player wreck havoc among the Goblins stirring at the High Pass. After the Fellowship leaves Rivendell, players are able to retrace many of their steps, including the marks left by Gandalf such as the Burnt Top in Eregion and the remains of his fire at the pass of Caradhras. Later, Lady Galadriel bids the player to find the sings of Gandalf following his fall from the Bridge of Khazad-dum - said signs include his burnt hat at the Foundations of Stone in Moria and the sings of his struggle with the Balrog at the Endless Stair - those allow Galadriel to discern that Mithrandir is not truly dead. Players later meet him as Gandalf the White in Caras Galadhon shortly after the Fellowship has departed Lothlorien. During that time, he engages into a spiritual battle with a Gaunt-Lord Gortheron the Doom-Caller; his display of his new abilities encourages the band of Free People players and allows them to defeat the servant of Sauron.
- Gandalf is also present in several historic "session plays", during which players witness the important events their characters were not present for. Such events include Gandalf infiltrating Dol Guldur with the help of an Elf named Raddir, first meeting between Gandalf and Aragorn on the outskirts of Lothlorien and Gandalf's imprisonment atop Orthanc by Saruman.
2009: The Lord of the Rings: Conquest:
- Martin Jarvis provides the voice of Gandalf. He is a playable mage hero and has three special powers: "Healing Wisdom", "You Shall not Pass!" and "Cleansing Fire". In the good campaign he appears at the end of the Isengard mission, where he has to kill Saruman in Orthanc. In Moria he can be played to destroy the Balrog and in Minas Tirith he has to defend the gates of the second ring. He is also one of the four playable heroes in the last mission, the battle of the Black Gate. He appears aswell in the end of the last mission, the Shire, of the evil campaign, in which he is killed by Sauron.
- He is also playable in the Shire, Isengard, Minas Tirith and Moria with the Conquest Mode, in Isengard and Minas Tirith in the Team Deatmatch mode, the citadel of Minas Tirith in Capture the Ring mode, and at the Black Gate, Minas Morgul, Mout Doom and the Shire during Hero Team Deatmatch mode.
2011: The Lord of the Rings: War in the North:
- Gandalf is voiced by Tom Kane, who also narrates the introduction of the game. He tells that heroes like "Aragorn the King", "Frodo the Ringbearer" and "Gandalf the Wizard" are rightly honored, but that without a few heroes - Eradan, Andriel and Farin - the north of Middle-earth would have been lost.[35]
- He also appears in Rivendell latter in the game. Players can interact with him and learn of various important events, yet the conversations do not unlock any side-quests and do not affect the main story in any way.
2012: Guardians of Middle-earth:
- Gandalf is a mage-type "guardian" with four abilities: Narya's Power, Flame of Anor, Fireworks and Gandalf's Might.[36]
See also
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, John D. Rateliff (ed.), The History of The Hobbit, Mr. Baggins, page 49
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "Many Meetings"
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "An Unexpected Party"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Valaquenta: Account of the Valar and Maiar According to the Lore of the Eldar"
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Istari"
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Third Age"
- ↑ "To the East I go not"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn"
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age"
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), Unfinished Tales, "The Quest of Erebor"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "A Journey in the Dark"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix A, "Durin's Folk"
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "Roast Mutton"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "Riddles in the Dark"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "Out of the Frying-Pan into the Fire"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "Fire and Water"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "The Clouds Burst"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, Appendix B, "The Third Age"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit, "The Last Stage"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "Strider"
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "The Bridge of Khazad-dûm"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Fellowship of the Ring, "Lothlórien"
- ↑ FAQ of the Rings: D6. Gandalf bore the Ring of Fire. Is that how he made his fireworks?
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, John D. Rateliff (ed.), The History of The Hobbit, Mr. Baggins, "Introduction"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Treason of Isengard, "Appendix on Runes", p. 452
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 107, (dated 7 December 1946)
- ↑ Manfred Zimmerman, "The Origin of Gandalf and Josef Madlener", in Mythlore 34 (Winter 1983)
- ↑ "The Hobbit.mp4" dated 5 January 2012, YouTube (accessed 10 January 2012)
- ↑ Jerry Beck, The Animated Movie Guide, page 154 (at GoogleBooks)
- ↑ Peter Jackson, "Production begins in New Zealand on The Hobbit" dated 20 March 2011, Facebook (accessed 23 December 2011)
- ↑ Warner Bros., "Hobbit Movies" dated 7 September 2012, Apple iPhone/iPad App (accessed 19 September 2012)
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 175, (dated 30 November 1955)
- ↑ Brian Sibley, "The Ring Goes Ever On: The Making of BBC Radio's The Lord of the Rings", at Brian Sibley:The Works
- ↑ ZX Computing, iss. 8304, p. 76 reproduced at World of Spectrum - Archive (retrieved at 14 August 2010)
- ↑ The Lord of the Rings: War in the North, Prologue
- ↑ "Guardians of Middle-earth: Gandalf", Guardians of Middle-earth official website (accessed 16 July 2012)
- J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers
- J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings, The Return of the King
- J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 156, (dated 4 November 1954)
- J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 246, (dated September 1963)
Ainur | ||
Valar | Lords | Manwë · Ulmo · Aulë · Oromë · Mandos · Irmo · Tulkas · |
Queens | Varda · Yavanna · Nienna · Estë · Vairë · Vána · Nessa | |
Maiar | Aiwendil · Arien · Blue Wizards · Curumo · Eönwë · Ilmarë · Mairon · Melian · Olórin · Ossë · Salmar · Tilion · Uinen | |
Wizards | Saruman · Gandalf · Radagast · Blue Wizards | |
Evil | Sauron · Balrogs (Gothmog · Durin's Bane) | |
Music · Valarin · Almaren · Valinor · Valmar · Second Music • italics indicates Aratar |
Members of Thorin and Company |
Thorin · Balin · Dwalin · Fíli · Kíli · Dori · Nori · Ori · Óin · Glóin · Bifur · Bofur · Bombur · Gandalf · Bilbo Baggins |
Members of the Fellowship of the Ring |
Frodo · Sam · Merry · Pippin · Gandalf · Aragorn · Legolas · Gimli · Boromir |
Gandalf Maiar | ||
Preceded by: Círdan | Bearer of Narya c. T.A. 1000 - after 3021 | None Presumably, still Gandalf |
None Position created | Leader of the Fellowship of the Ring 25 December T.A. 3018 - 15 January 3019 | Followed by: Aragorn II |


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Front Runners List: Click here to see list completion progress by climbers that log their climbs using Peakbagger.com.
Compare Climbers: Click here to compare ascents of up to 5 climbers working on this list.
This list is an attempt to show all summits in the state of Washington that currently have a fire lookout. This kind of list can get a little murky, since some of them are barely standing, but for now the goal is to be as comprehensive as possible.
At one point there were as many as 750 fire lookouts in the state.
Thanks to Craig Willis and Eric Noel for researching this list and putting it all together.
= Peaks climbed by Andy Boos = Unclimbed peaks
This page has been served 567717 times since 2004-11-01.


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Copyright Information: All images are in the public domain and available for free. If you use this image, credit NOAA/NGDC, Joint Tsunami Research Effort. |
Kahului, Maui. Aerial view of double breakwater. Image Credit: Joint Tsunami Research Effort April 1, 1946 Unimak Island USA earthquake and tsunami On April 1, 1946, at 12:29 [local time] a rather strong magnitude 8.6 earthquake occurred with source to the south of Unimak Island, causing one of the most destructive tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean. Event Data:


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Cadillac Lift Kits
A Suspension Lift Kit raises the ground clearance of the vehicle by replacing front and rear suspension components and shocks. In other words, it increases the height between the frame and the ground which gives greater clearance. Articulation generally improves with a good suspension kit. More clearance, more crawling! And even if you don't four wheel or rock crawl, it just looks good.
Because the steering geometry is affected, steering corrections are sometimes needed. Sometimes there is an added cost to correct driveshafts or other items. At Jack-It, we give you the information you need on these types of additional parts! Many other companies will sell you an incomplete kit, and you find out later when your ride is shaky or even unsafe, that you have to invest in even more parts for them to install. Not only is it an unexpected additional cost, but you have to take time out of your busy schedule to get the parts installed! You can count on us to help you get everything that you need the first time!
Cadillac suspension lift kits. We offer Pro Comp, BDS Suspension, Readylift and more!
2.25" 2007-2016 Cadillac Escalade Nitro Lift Kit
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We do not currently have a florist member in Peyton but we can provide prompt local delivery for you using Coast To Coast Flowers, or by checking the additional pages below. All orders 100% Guaranteed!
LocalFlowerShop.com makes it easy for you to send flowers to Peyton or anywhere else in the country using our directory of local Peyton flower shops and Peyton florists in, near or close to Peyton, CO. You save money when you order flowers from the Peyton florist who actually delivers your floral gift, because you cutout the middlemen. When you order direct from a retail Peyton florist shop in Colorado, you know you are getting the freshest seasonal flowers available.
Through our directory of Peyton floral shops on LocalFlowerShop.com, you can find an FTD, TeleFlora or other retail Peyton florist shop in Colorado that can make your floral dreams come true. Local florists offer a variety of gifts including fresh flowers, beautiful roses, green and blooming plants, orchids, fruit & gourmet baskets, gifts, candy, balloons and more. Let one of our local Peyton flower shops help you choose the perfect flower or gift selection.
Our local florists know that the gift of flowers conveys your thoughts and feelings in a very special way. Birthdays, anniversaries, new babies, and funerals are just a few of the many occasions when local Peyton floral shops can help you say it with beautiful flowers.
Local florist shops in Peyton, CO can usually provide same day delivery when you place your order early. For your convenience, you can place your order online through the Peyton florist's Web site or use the toll free telephone number of the florist. For any Peyton florist shops in CO that do not have toll free telephone numbers, we also provide the Peyton flower shop's local number including area code.
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Five female inmates were released early from the Lenawee County Jail last month due to overcrowding, reported the Lenawee County Sheriff's Department.
The overall jail population remained below its capacity of 287. But the women's cell blocks had crowding problems, and judges approved cutting the sentences of five inmates, said Undersheriff James Anderson.
"We're trying to work out a trade with Jackson County to increase our ability to hold female inmates, but last month we had five released early," Anderson said.
Early releases were last used in the jail in 2010 when 11 female inmates were released before exchanges were made with Jackson County.
Five released as jail fills
Feb 11, 2013 at 11:15 AM


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A Time To Reflect Week of February 26-March 3, 2017
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This workshop's start date has passed.Workshop Details
This is a special opportunity for people to experience Esalen without taking a workshop. During this period, we have a limited number of spaces available for people who would like to participate in the Esalen learning culture in their own unstructured way. Deeply nourish your body, mind, heart, and soul through beautifully prepared and healthy meals, daily yoga and movement classes, the hot springs and massages, time in the meditation center, tea with new friends, or even an evening program, lecture, or open workshop session, when available. Space in the program is limited, so we recommend you register early.
We recommend that you bring the following: journal, digital camera, art supplies, hiking/walking shoes, a good book, and a map of the Big Sur coast. A discounted workshop fee applies. Please contact Esalen Reservations for details.


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Features. Titanium case.. Rubber strap.. Black dial.. Swiss quartz movement.. Sapphire crystal.. Case 43 mm.. Water resistant 100 meters.. Gender - Mens. Display Type - Analog
Model | T0694394706100 |
Series | T-Sport Collection |
Brand | Tissot |
Gender | Men's |
Movement | Quartz |
Diameter | 43 mm |
Case Material | Titanium |
Case Shape | Round |
Crystal | Scratch Resistant Sapphire |
Dial Color | Black |
Band Material | Rubber Strap |
Water Resistance | 100 Meters |
Calendar | Date |
Style | Casual Watches |
UPC Code | 758499242721 |
LOCATION | SHIPPING METHOD | Price |
Continental US | Economy | Free |
Continental US | Expedited - 2 Day Delivery | $28 |
Continental US | Overnight - Next Day Air | $38 |
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Sorry.."by d. nagayya" does not match any product on Rediff Books
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BOSTON – A storm that forecasters warned could be a blizzard for the history books, with a potential for up to 3 feet of snow, clobbered the New York-to-Boston corridor on Friday, grounding flights, sending office workers home early and knocking out power to half a million customers across the Northeast.
By Friday night, more than 18.5 inches of snow had fallen in parts of central Connecticut, and more than 16 inches covered parts of Mansfield, Mass., a half-hour drive southwest of Boston. Throughout the Northeast, more than 500,000 homes and businesses lost electricity as wet, heavy snow, freezing rain and howling winds caused havoc.
Earlier, as meteorologists warned of the impending blizzard conditions, shoppers from New Jersey to Maine crowded into supermarkets and hardware stores to buy food, snow shovels, flashlights and generators, something that became a precious commodity after Superstorm Sandy in October. Others gassed up their cars, another lesson learned all too well after Sandy. Across much of New England, schools closed well ahead of the first snowflakes.
"This is a storm of major proportions," Boston Mayor Thomas Menino said. "Stay off the roads. Stay home."
The wind-whipped snowstorm mercifully arrived at the start of a weekend, which meant fewer cars on the road and extra time for sanitation crews to clear the mess before commuters in the New York-to-Boston region of roughly 25 million people have to go back to work. But it could also mean a weekend cooped up indoors.
Rainy Neves, a mother of two in Cambridge, just west of Boston, did some last-minute shopping at a grocery store, filling her cart to the brim.
"Honestly, a lot of junk — a lot of quick things you can make just in case lights go out, a lot of snacks to keep the kids busy while they'd be inside during the storm, things to sip with my friends, things for movies," she said. "Just a whole bunch of things to keep us entertained."
In heavily Catholic Boston, the archdiocese urged parishioners to be prudent about attending Sunday Mass and reminded them that, under church law, the obligation "does not apply when there is grave difficulty in fulfilling this obligation."
Halfway through what had been a mild winter across the Northeast, blizzard warnings were posted from parts of New Jersey to Maine. The National Weather Service said Boston could get close to 3 feet of snow by Saturday evening, while most of Rhode Island could receive more than 2 feet, most of it falling overnight Friday into Saturday. Connecticut was bracing for 2 feet, and New York City was expecting as much as 14 inches. East of New York City, nearly a foot of snow had fallen before midnight Friday.
Early snowfall was blamed for a 19-car pileup in Cumberland, Maine, that caused minor injuries. Most of the region's power outages were in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
Forecasters said wind gusts up to 75 mph could cause more widespread power outages and whip the snow into fearsome drifts. Flooding was expected along coastal areas still recovering from Superstorm Sandy, which hit New York and New Jersey the hardest and is considered Jersey's worst natural disaster.
Meteorologist Jeff Masters, of Weather Underground, said the winter storm was a collision of two storms and may end up among the Boston area's Top 5 most intense ever.
"When you add two respectable storms together, you're going to get a knockout punch with this one," he said.
It could break Boston's all-time snowstorm record of 27.6 inches, set in 2003, forecasters said. The storm also comes almost 35 years to the day after the Blizzard of '78, a ferocious storm that dropped 27 inches of snow, packed hurricane-force winds and claimed dozens of lives.
Masters said the region could get a break from warmer air trailing behind that is expected to push temperature up to the 40s by Monday.
"It's going to be not that difficult to dig out, compared to maybe some other nor'easters in the past, where it stayed cold after the storm went through," he said.
Drivers were urged to stay off the streets lest their cars get stuck, preventing snowplows and emergency vehicles from getting through. New York City ran extra commuter trains to help people get home before the brunt of the storm hit.
Amtrak stopped running trains in cities around the Northeast on Friday afternoon. Airlines canceled more than 4,300 flights through Saturday, and New York City's three major airports and Boston's Logan Airport shut down.
Interstate 95 was closed to all but essential traffic in Rhode Island, where the governor said power outages remained the biggest threat.
"With tree branches laden with heavy, wet snow, the winds picking up and the temperatures plunging all at the same time, it's a bad combination," Gov. Lincoln Chafee said.
In Massachusetts, Gov. Deval Patrick enacted a statewide driving ban for the first time since the Blizzard of '78. Hours before the ban went into effect at 4 p.m., long lines formed at gas stations, some of which were almost out of fuel.
James Stone said he was saving the remaining regular gas at his station in Abington, south of Boston, for snowplow drivers.
"It hasn't snowed like this in two years," Stone said. "Most people are caught way off-guard."
In New York, Fashion Week, a series of designer showings with some activities held under tents, went on mostly as scheduled, though organizers put on additional crews to deal with the snow and ice, turned up the heat and fortified the tents. The snow did require some wardrobe changes: Designer Michael Kors was forced to arrive at the Project Runway show in Uggs.
For Joe DeMartino, of Fairfield, Conn., being overprepared was impossible: His wife was expecting their first baby Sunday. He stocked up on gas and food, got firewood ready and was installing a baby seat in the car. The couple also packed for the hospital.
"They say that things should clear up by Sunday. We're hoping that they're right," he said.
Said his wife, Michelle: "It adds an element of excitement."
The snow was too much of a good thing in some places. In New Hampshire, the University of Connecticut's Skiing Carnival was canceled because of the snowstorm. In Maine, the National Toboggan Championships in Camden were postponed from Saturday to Sunday, and the Camp Sunshine Polar Plunge was put off until March.
At Rosie's Liquors in Abington, customers were lined up eight to 10 deep Friday, snapping up rum, wine and 30-packs of beer.
"We've been absolutely slammed. It's almost been like Christmas here," manager Kristen Brown said. "A lot of people are saying, 'I'm going to be stuck with my family all weekend. I need something to do.'"
Associated Press writers Denise Lavoie in Whitman, Rodrique Ngowi in Watertown, John Christoffersen in Fairfield, Conn., and Bob Salsberg in Boston contributed to this report.


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Centric C-Tek standard brake rotors offer premium features! Centric C-Tek rotors feature double-disc ground, non-directional finishes with machined non-friction surfaces and G3000 metallurgy. These rotors are available for a wide selection of domestic and import vehicles. Get more for your money--choose exceptional quality paired with great value in these Centric C-Tek standard brake rotors for your vehicle.
- Direct OEM Replacement Rotors
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Sale: $24.38
Save: $8.12 (25%)StopTech's new "Select" Sport drilled and slotted brake rotors are manufactured on CNC machines using CAD-CAM design for perfect balance and alignment.
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- Natural Bare Iron Finish
- Lighter for less unsprung weight
- Drilled-Slotted pattern provides overall improved performance
- Drilled-Slotted pattern provides quicker bite to scrub speed
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- Drilled-Slotted pattern reduces rotor thermal temperatures
- Non-Directional finish for more effective pad-rotor break in
- CNC machined surfaces provide better balance and more finished look.
Sale: $30.44
Save: $18.26 (38%)- Symmetric split core castings for Increased strength and stability
- Black E-Coat anti-corrosive coating protects the cooling vanes and mounting surfaces from rusting prematurely
- Double disc ground friction surface finish
- Mill balancing ensures smooth operation at all speeds
Sale: $59.60
Save: $14.90 (20%)Sale: $70.80
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Save: $30.87 (25%)Sale: $91.13
Save: $30.37 (25%)With Speed Attack Performance Rotors, every vane design, every surface, every detail counts!
At first glance, one brake rotor might look just like any other, but look a little closer and you'll
see what sets Speed Attack Rotors apart:
- Meticulous surface finishing
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- Mill balanced to eliminate vibrations
- Precision OE vane and casting designs
- Details like using the correct G3000 Rotor Metallurgy
- Zinc coating for added protection against rust and salt spray
- Speed Attack Rotor friction surfaces are double disc ground for more effective pad-rotor break in
- Speed Attack Rotors– Unparalleled combination of value, quality and performance.
Sale: $60.47
Save: $15.12 (20%)Sale: $111.95
Save: $27.99 (20%)Sale: $111.95
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Save: $27.99 (20%)


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Shelf Life: Games Centre Clydebank Sean Ferrol talks Pokémon, trading card games, and how 2016 has been
UK Release Dates
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Tickets to Wolfmother's Concert Tour
See Wolfmother Live in Concert
See Wolfmother live in concert and you can buy tickets right here, quickly and securely. All our concert tickets are 100% guaranteed. Our ticket prices for any of Wolfmother's tour dates are competitive and we're committed to getting you into the best seats to enjoy the live show. Search through our large selection of concert tickets and locate and purchase your seats for the show you want to attend.
Learn More About Our Wolfmother Ticket Prices
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Types of Seating for the Wolfmother Tour
Concert-goers can find center stage tickets, floor seating, front row tickets, group tickets, box seats, VIP tickets, backstage passes, e-tickets (electronic tickets) or sold out concert tickets here. And next time you want to see Wolfmother live, or any other concert, shop here at ClickitTicket and find all kinds of concert tickets on sale.
Your tickets will be shipped to you using Federal Express. Your Wolfmother order will be processed right after you buy them using our secure server.


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Asus' Xonar DG and Xense sound cards Do you really need a discrete sound card? Simple question, and we've taken a look at Asus' new Xonar Xense and DG sound cards to... Type: Feature article Tags: Motherboards Multimedia |
217 |
World Hello Day Shortbread Five Alive Ready, set, fall: PC prices coming down as component costs decline ATi-Forum: AMD Phenom II X6 1100T listed (in German) Intel:... Type: News story Tags: Shortbread |
15 |
Name Your PC Day Shortbread Eight is Enough Ars Technica: Dell knew about computer failures, hid info from customers Fudzilla: Nvidia's dual-chip card waits for Antilles SemiAccurate on... Type: News story Tags: Shortbread |
41 |
Friday night topic: Our happy eccentricities I've learned a few things about myself over time. I realize they mean that I'm a little different than most folks, but I can live... Type: News story Tags: Miscellaneous |
136 |
Deal of the week: Storage, cooling, RAM, and IPS displays We've got a smorgasbord of deals for you this week—and, in what will hopefully become a regular feature, some deals for our Canadian friends, as... Type: News story Tags: Cooling Storage Displays Memory |
25 |
New version of Adobe Acrobat Reader has X appeal Vulnerabilties in Adobe Acrobat Reader are a common attack point for malware and various exploits. According to the Adobe Acrobat blog, the latest version,... Type: News story Tags: Software |
28 |
BitFenix's Survivor enclosure Join us as we pick apart BitFenix's second foray into the world of PC enclosures. Type: Feature article Tags: Cases |
22 |
Synaptics gets touchy with its new ClickPad One of the most frustrating aspects of using a laptop is having to deal with a wonky touchpad. Well, help might be on the... Type: News story Tags: Input devices Mobile computing |
13 |
Portal 2 postponed again: no cake until April Valve should really just stop putting release dates on its products. The much-anticipated sequel to the company's infectious Portal puzzle shooter was at one... Type: News story Tags: Gaming |
41 |
PCI Express 3.0 base spec gets released Get ready for 16GB/s PCI Express x16 slots! PCI-SIG says it has released the PCI Express 3.0 base specification, allowing members to grab... Type: News story Tags: Motherboards |
27 |
Second-gen iPad coming next quarter, says report A lot of folks, including yours truly, are eagerly awaiting the wave of iPad killers due to arrive early next year. Interestingly, though, it looks... Type: News story Tags: Mobile computing Personal tech |
53 |
Friday Shortbread Eight is Enough TC Magazine: PCI-Express 3.0 specifications are out in the open Graphics first: Nvidia claims that only a successful GPU... Type: News story Tags: Shortbread |
40 |
LCD manufacturers' dead pixel policies explained When looking for a new flat-panel monitor, one of the most important things to consider is the dead-pixel policy held by each company. These policies... Type: News story Tags: Displays |
36 |
Release roundup: PSUs, thumb drives, and video editors This week in our look at miscellaneous product launches and announcements, we bring tidings from LaCie, Antec, CyberLink, and Warpia. Type: News story Tags: Power Storage Input devices Software |
19 |
Flat-rate monthly subscription coming to OnLive It's pretty clear that OnLive has been keeping busy recently. According to this story at Joystiq, the company has confirmed that it will offer... Type: News story Tags: Gaming |
21 |
Inspiron Duo convertible tablet dated, detailed, and priced Engadget got some hands on time with Dell's upcoming Inspiron Duo convertible tablet, and the site has more details about the device, its projected... Type: News story Tags: Mobile computing |
20 |
id's Rage arrives on the iTunes Store This sets a shocking precedent: a next-generation blockbuster game premiering first on Apple's iOS devices. Okay, so id Software's Rage and Rage HD... Type: News story Tags: Gaming Personal tech |
38 |
Catalyst 10.11 drivers speed up Battleforge, fix bugs AMD's monthly Catalyst graphics driver update has arrived a little earlier than usual. You can grab it right now from AMD's Game website; changes... Type: News story Tags: Graphics |
62 |
Aorus gives its GTX 1070 the triple-fan treatment | 1 |


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LG 600g Visual Size Comparison
SCREEN IS CALIBRATED! The size of the phones below will be the same as in real life.recalibrate
NOT CALIBRATED! The Size Comparison tool allows you to see the devices in their real-life size, but you first have to calibrate your screen.calibrate
87 x 47 x 20 mm
1.98 oz (56 g)
LG 600g
138.3 x 67.1 x 7.1 mm
4.87 oz (138 g)
Apple iPhone 7
Add phone Search for a phone to see its size


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Find Deals on Flights from Rochester Greater Rochester International to Hamilton L.F Wade Intl (ROC - BDA)
Rochester Greater Rochester International - Hamilton L.F Wade Intl Flights
Rochester Greater Rochester International (ROC)
United States
Hamilton L.F Wade Intl (BDA)
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Book cheap flights from Rochester Greater Rochester International to Hamilton L.F Wade Intl
(Round-trip)Boarding was easy. clean plane, crew was very friendly. I was very concerned though, when we banked left and did a complete circle in the air. An explanation from the captain would have been terrific. I made sure I was the last one to leave the plane and asked him about it when I saw him at the exit. He told me what happened but I would have liked to know while it was happening. Besides that, the coke and pretzels were divine. :)
more lesscoffee was horrible
more lessWe were late taking off.
more lessThe only bright side of this flight was safely landing in Boston.
Difficulties checking in online within the 24 hour window 5 hour delay with multiple incorrect time updates via text alerts, email and on jet blue website No entertainment on board - no TVs Wifi would not stay connected Wrong baggage claim info was given by crew members on board Flight was so late in arriving no taxi service was avail at Logan
more lessArrived twenty minutes late. AA refused to accept responsibility for this and compensate me, even though my transportation had departed without me as a result of their tardiness.
more lessThe gate agent helped half a dozen people (not including those described below) understand they were boarding with the wrong group.
Fully one-quarter of the passengers boarded as disability or premium. This included a party of eight that boarded with one person in a wheelchair because "We're all together."
more lessboarding and gate agent were superb
temperature in the cabin was hot enough to roast a turkey
more lessI arrived at my destination
AA changed my flight plans which resulted in a 4.5 hour layover in Philly. The gates were filthy, there is not much selection for in-flight food and nothing for entertainment. I couldn't even find an outlet that worked at the gate.
more lessThe crew was excellent, timing was superb,
more lesscrew was great
staff from de-icing company failed to show, despite >24h of notice of snow; missed our connection baggage handlers destroyed suitcase
more lessGetting rid of free checked bag has caused boarding to become as miserable as every other airline as people try to cram their suitcases into the overheads. Flight was delayed.
more lessJetblue performs at its usual high level. Friendly staff, welcome from Pilot, and standard package of beverages.
The E190 on this route is showing its age (as are many of Blue's E190s). Lack of power, tiny video screen, marginal resolution point to the need for an overhaul of this jet. They are apparently in progress of updating the E190 fleet. Much prefer Blue's A320's which in my opinion is a great ride.
more lessLeg room is always a plus on JetBlue aircrafts.
Or the aircrafts are dated or I am not sure why they cannot provide outlets for charging smartphones, or other devices.
more lessAt check in, while checking my bag, the agent advised that since the flight wasn't full, and I wound have to claim my bag to transfer to an international flight, I could save some time by taking my bag on board. That worked out very well. I am very thankful for the good advice.
more less


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Arthur Rimbaud
Arthur Rimbaud
(20 October 1854 – 10 November 1891 / Charleville, Ardennes)
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NobleCircles by Wegener Lyngvild & MacGregor Sadolin
NobleCircles is a searchable genealogical relationship database consisting of more than 283.751 individuals and 117,619 families at nearly 30.000 places worldwide all gathered in one single family tree; mapping their ancestors, descendants and various relatives (all of them somehow related to each other through either our fathers or our mothers side). We always have several projects going on beside exploring our own direct ancestors - and three of them, and among these are 33 British Prime Ministers and the ancestors and 28 American Presidents and their ancestors.
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Erik Rosenkrantz of Hevringholm (Rosenkrantz)
- Yes, date unknown-
Name Erik Rosenkrantz of Hevringholm (Rosenkrantz) Gender Male Died Yes, date unknown Person ID I255143 NobleCircles by Wegener Lyngvild & MacGregor Sadolin Last Modified 17 Mar 2017
Family Juliane, d. Yes, date unknown Children + 1. Iver Eriksen Rosenkrantz of Hevringholm (Rosenkrantz), d. Yes, date unknown Last Modified 16 Mar 2017 21:20:00 Family ID F94733 Group Sheet | Family chart


text:
Movies |
Join Annie and a group of colorful bridesmaids on a wild ride down the road to matrimony. Although Annie's life is a mess, when she finds out her lifetime best friend is engaged, she simply must serve as Lillian's maid of honor. Though lovelorn and broke, Annie bluffs her way through the expensive and bizarre rituals. With one chance to get it perfect, she'll show Lillian and her bridesmaids just how far you'll go for someone you love.
Cast: Rose Byrne, Maya Rudolph, Wendi McLendon-Covey, Kristen Wiig, Ellie Kemper
Produced by:
Directed by: Paul Feig
Written by: Annie Mumolo
Running time:
2hr 5min
Opens: May 13, 2011 Nationwide
Theaters for Today |
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text: The Jan.-Feb. 2013 issue of Splash is now available online and as a mobile app for your iPad and iPhone. This issue of Splash offers tips on implementing a long term training plan and takes a look back at the 2012 Golden Goggle Awards. Here's a look at one of the featured articles: It Starts Now Rio de Janeiro and the 2016 Olympics probably seem like a long way away considering the London Games just ended a few months ago. If the United States wants to enjoy the same success in the pool in four years that it experienced this summer – 31 medals, 16 of them gold – and past Olympic summers, the time to start thinking, planning and training begins now. But what about the younger swimmers – those who aren't necessarily at the Olympic level but are just looking to improve and attain their goals, no matter what their goals may be? It's just as important for them to implement a long-term training plan right now. Read it NOW!