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Difference between revisions of "ACPI Wakeup"
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== Using /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm == | == Using /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm == | ||
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Kernel versions 2.6.22 and newer use /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm | Kernel versions 2.6.22 and newer use /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm | ||
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ls /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm | ls /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm | ||
;format of the /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm | ;format of the /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm | ||
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− | |||
* Instead of accepting a formatted time, wakealarm accepts the number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970 (this is known as "unix time", "POSIX time" or "epoch time"). | * Instead of accepting a formatted time, wakealarm accepts the number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970 (this is known as "unix time", "POSIX time" or "epoch time"). |
Revision as of 10:18, 29 July 2010
System Wakeup |
Most users tend to leave their mythTV system running 24 by 7. This page describes the options you have in Linux to shutdown and automatically wakeup your machine before a recording. Doing so allows you to save energy, money and reduce your carbon footprint.
- Your options
- Hardware time switch - a cheap power switch and a simple cronjob to shutdown the machine can do the job
- Wake On LAN - have another machine on your network wake your mythTV machine. (See the "Wake on LAN" mythTV HowTo)
- Use the BIOS - most machines (built in 2000 or later) have the ability to use the BIOS for time-controlled wakeup - this option is the subject of this HowTo
- Use the BIOS
MythTV has the ability to write the date and time of the next recording to the BIOS. This allows your machine to automatically shutdown (or suspend) and turn on again a few minutes before it needs to record again. The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) specification is an open industry standard first released in December 1996 developed by HP, Intel, Microsoft, Phoenix, and Toshiba that defines common interfaces for hardware recognition, motherboard and device configuration and power management.
The ACPI Real Time Clock (RTC) Alarm function can be used by your mythTV system to wake up your machine at a certain date and time.
- Required steps for using the BIOS to access the ACPI RTC Alarm function
- Configure your BIOS
- Disable HWclock updates
- Configure mythTV
BIOS setup
If you want to use ACPI to wake up your mythTV system, you first need to ensure that your BIOS supports this functionality. This information is stored in the FADT (Fixed ACPI Description Table). If your kernel version is 2.6.22 or later, you may find this information in your kernel log file:
$ grep -i rtc /var/log/kern.log RTC can wake from S4 ... rtc0: alarms up to one month
The above indicates this system can wake from state S4 and that the wakeup time can be set.
The ACPI specifications defines the following so-called "global states" -- from Wikipedia ACPI
- G1 Sleeping subdivides into the four states S1 through S4.
- S1: The CPU(s) stop executing instructions.
- S2: The CPU is powered off.
- S3: Suspend to RAM.
- S4: Suspend to disk or hibernate.
- G2 (S5) Soft Off Almost the same as G3 but computer can "wake" from input from the keyboard, clock, modem, LAN, or USB device.
- G3 Mechanical Off
Next, check your BIOS for the wakeup alarm function. This setting is likely found under a sub-menu of "Power Management Setup", "APM", or "Advanced" - you just need to poke around to find it. It will likely be called something like Wake From Alarm, Power-on by Alarm, Wake from RTC, RTC Resume, etc.
- UTC, localtime and BIOS date format
If supported by your BIOS, set the time to UTC (Coordinated Universal Time); UTC is the most desirable option because translation to local time is not required and daylight savings time is automatically handled. If UTC is not supported in the BIOS you will need to recalculate the time before you write it to the BIOS. You should be able to determine the time format on your machine by inspecting the output of the following command (there are an integer number of hours difference between UTC and local time).
cat /proc/driver/rtc
Disable HWclock updates
On most machines it is required to make a small change to the Linux shutdown procedure. When your machine shuts down, most Linux distributions write the system time/data back to the BIOS. Most machines never wakeup after this time/data update. It is recommended that you make this change.
The reason for this recommendation is that most Linux distributions write the current system time back to the BIOS when shutting down the machine. With most BIOS, the machine will not wake up if the hardware clock has been modified after the wakeup alarm has been set. To avoid this, it is necessary to disable the writing of the current system time to the BIOS by the system shutdown scripts. This is distribution specific, so here are some examples:
Set clock_systohc to "NO" in /etc/conf.d/hwclock
# Set CLOCK to "UTC" if your system clock is set to UTC (also known as # Greenwich Mean Time). If your clock is set to the local time, then # set CLOCK to "local". Note that if you dual boot with Windows, then # you should set it to "local". clock="UTC" # If you want to set the Hardware Clock to the current System Time # during shutdown, then say "YES" here. # You normally don't need to do this if you run a ntp daemon. clock_systohc="NO" # If you wish to pass any other arguments to hwclock during bootup, # you may do so here. Alpha users may wish to use --arc or --srm here. clock_args=""
Set SYSTOHC to "no" in /etc/sysconfig/clock
# Set to "-u" if your system clock is set to UTC, and to "--localtime" # if your clock runs that way. # HWCLOCK="-u" SYSTOHC="no" # Is set to "yes" write back the system time to the hardware # clock at reboot or shutdown. Usefull if hardware clock is # much more inaccurate than system clock. Set to "no" if # system time does it wrong due e.g. missed timer interrupts. # If set to "no" the hardware clock adjust feature is also # skipped because it is rather useless without writing back # the system time to the hardware clock.
Set HWCLOCKACCESS to "no" in /etc/default/rcS
# # /etc/default/rcS # # Default settings for the scripts in /etc/rcS.d/ # # For information about these variables see the rcS(5) manual page. # # This file belongs to the "initscripts" package. TMPTIME=0 SULOGIN=no DELAYLOGIN=no UTC=no VERBOSE=no FSCKFIX=no HWCLOCKACCESS=no
- Ubuntu 9.10 and later
Ubuntu 9.10 and later does not mention HWCLOCKACCESS in the man pages of /etc/default/rcS
. Do the following instead:
Disable the exec line in /etc/init/hwclock-save.conf
# hwclock-save - save system clock to hardware clock # # This task saves the time from the system clock back to the hardware # clock on shutdown. description "save system clock to hardware clock" start on runlevel [06] task script . /etc/default/rcS [ "$UTC" = "yes" ] && tz="--utc" || tz="--localtime" [ "$BADYEAR" = "yes" ] && badyear="--badyear" # exec hwclock --rtc=/dev/rtc0 --systohc $tz --noadjfile $badyear end script
Or add the HWCLOCKACCESS variable to /etc/default/rcS
and change the script to:
# hwclock-save - save system clock to hardware clock # # This task saves the time from the system clock back to the hardware # clock on shutdown. description "save system clock to hardware clock" start on runlevel [06] task script . /etc/default/rcS [ "$UTC" = "yes" ] && tz="--utc" || tz="--localtime" [ "$BADYEAR" = "yes" ] && badyear="--badyear" if [ "$HWCLOCKACCESS" != "no" ]; then exec hwclock --rtc=/dev/rtc0 --systohc $tz --noadjfile $badyear fi end script
modifying /etc/init.d/halt
with the following will fix this problem:
==> ACPITIME=`cat /proc/acpi/alarm` [ -x /sbin/hwclock ] && action $"Syncing hardware clock to system time" /sbin/hwclock $CLOCKFLAGS ==> echo "$ACPITIME" > /proc/acpi/alarm
Which kernel are you using?
The ACPI interface in Linux changed with kernel 2.6.22 (released on 8 July 2007). You can determine your kernel version by entering the following command in a terminal window:
uname -a
- Kernel versions 2.6.22 and newer use /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm - see "Using /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm", next
- Kernel versions 2.6.21 and older use /proc/acpi/alarm - see "Archive: Using /proc/acpi/alarm" below
Kernels 2.6.22 and higher may be configured to use the legacy /proc/acpi/alarm instead of the new rtc wakealarm. See the notes about compiling your own kernel below.
Note that kernel version 2.6.26, included in the current Debian stable distribution, contains a bug that makes ACPI wakeup fail on at least some motherboards. If this affects you, either upgrade to 2.6.33-rc4 or patch 2.6.26 with this patch.
Using /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm
Kernel versions 2.6.22 and newer use /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm
ls /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm
- format of the /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm
- Instead of accepting a formatted time, wakealarm accepts the number of seconds since Jan 1, 1970 (this is known as "unix time", "POSIX time" or "epoch time").
- You must make sure that your BIOS clock is set to UTC time - not localtime - otherwise it will wakeup at the wrong time. However, it is still possible if the BIOS clock is set to localtime (likely if you also run windows); see the section below for how to set the alarm correctly when the BIOS clock is in localtime.
- If you want to change the wakealarm time, you will need to write the new wakealarm time to the BIOS.
If you can't find /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm, and you're running a modular kernel, it might be the case that the correct module is not loaded. In that case, make sure the rtc module is unloaded, and then load the rtc-cmos module:
rmmod rtc modprobe rtc-cmos
Manually test wakealarm
First verify that your Linux kernel is 2.6.22 or newer and the HWclock update function has been disabled as described above.
- Simple test to wake the machine 5 minutes from now
sudo sh -c "echo 0 > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm" sudo sh -c "echo `date '+%s' -d '+ 5 minutes'` > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm" cat /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm
cat /proc/driver/rtc
This should return a list of parameters. Check the "alrm_time" is 5 minutes into the future and the "alrm_date" is today.
Tip: the "cat /proc/driver/rtc" command is a powerful debugging tool, allowing you to see the BIOS RTC parameters of interest.
Shutdown your computer and see if it comes back up in ~5 min.
sudo shutdown -h now (in Ubuntu 10.4 "sudo shutdown -P now" (-h may cause system to restart))
- Example to convert to epoch time and set date/time
echo 0 > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm date -u --date "Jul 1, 2008 10:32:00" +%s > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm
- Example to convert from epoch time to readable date/time
date -d @1214908320 +%F" "%T 2008-07-01 12:32:00
- Setting alarm when BIOS clock is in localtime
The BIOS clock is in localtime, however wakealarm must be given a UTC time.
To get a UTC time in seconds since epoch for a local time that we want mythTV to wake up we do the following. We pass the local time that we want to wake up as --date "2008-12-22 10:45:00", we indicate we want it reported as UTC time with -u, and we indicate we want it reported as seconds since epoch with +%s.
date -u --date "2008-12-22 10:45:00" +%s
So to set the alarm we can do the following.
SECS=`date -u --date "2008-12-22 10:45:00" +%s` echo 0 > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm echo $SECS > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm
Then we can confirm that the alarm is set with the following.
cat /proc/driver/rtc
If the alarm is set then you should see something like this. If so then shutdown and see if it wakes up at the alarm date/time.
rtc_time : 13:40:26 rtc_date : 2008-12-21 alrm_time : 10:45:00 alrm_date : 2008-12-22 alarm_IRQ : yes alrm_pending : no 24hr : yes periodic_IRQ : no update_IRQ : no HPET_emulated : no DST_enable : no periodic_freq : 1024 batt_status : okay
If you see the alarm date similar to ****-12-21 then the alarm is set to a time in the past and it won't wake up.
rtc_time : 13:42:01 rtc_date : 2008-12-21 alrm_time : 13:46:59 alrm_date : ****-12-21 alarm_IRQ : no alrm_pending : no 24hr : yes periodic_IRQ : no update_IRQ : no HPET_emulated : no DST_enable : no periodic_freq : 1024 batt_status : okay
Integrate into mythTV
- mythtv-setup settings for your script
(use these instructions for a dedicated backend system)
Select the backend's "General" options and on the "Shutdown/Wakeup Options" page, make the following settings:
- Block shutdown before client connected: (checked, if you run frontend and backend on 1 machine. Do not check if you do not automatically start the front end, and want the system to shut down after an automatic recording.)
- Idle shutdown timeout (secs): 1200 (if you set this to 0, it will disable auto shutdown)
- Max. wait for recording (min): 120
- Startup before rec. (secs): 600 (If you have not disabled the occasional disk check on boot, make this time long enough to complete the boot & disk check before the recording should start)
- Wakeup time format: time_t
- Command to set Wakeup Time: sudo sh -c "/usr/bin/setwakeup.sh $time"
- Server halt command: sudo shutdown -h now (in Ubuntu 10.4 "sudo shutdown -P now" (-h may cause system to restart))
- Pre Shutdown check-command: (leave this blank)
- Write the startup script
You'll need to copy/paste the following into your editor:
#!/bin/sh #$1 is the first argument to the script. It is the time in seconds since 1970 #this is defined in mythtv-setup with the time_t argument echo 0 > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm #this clears your alarm. echo $1 > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm #this writes your alarm
Change the permissions of the file so that it can execute
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/setwakeup.sh
Add the following line to your /etc/sudoers by running "sudo visudo" and pasting the line at the end of the file.
%mythtv ALL = NOPASSWD: /sbin/shutdown, /bin/sh, /usr/bin/setwakeup.sh
Alternatively, uncommenting the following line using "sudo visudo" in the /etc/sudoers file
%wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
Then add mythtv and any other uses you wish to the "wheel" group. That can be done using the GNOME user GUI.
Also, it may be necessary to use "sudo visudo" to modify the sudoers file by commenting out the following line with a "#" before "Defaults" as follows:
#Defaults requiretty
You may run mythbackend in "Terminal" to observe log message in real time. Or you may check the logs in /var/log/mythtv/ if the system shutsdowns with the test method above but not when integrated with the backend.
- Desktop users
(For a system used as a desktop that is also used as a MythTV backend, or both a MythTV frontend and a MythTV backend, use the above instructions for a dedicated MythTV backend modified by the following instructions)
If you use your machine as a desktop and you do not want to keep the front end running while you use your computer for other things, create the following script
#!/bin/bash # Check to see if anyone is currently logged in. Return zero if not and 1 if so. # Echoed text appears in log file. It can be removed and --quiet added to the # grep command once you are satisfied that mythTV is working properly # Get a date/time stamp to add to log output DATE=`date +%F\ %T\.%N` DATE=${DATE:0:23} if # The leading space is important! w | grep " 0 users" then echo $DATE Noone is logged in, ok to shut down. exit 0 else echo $DATE Someone is still logged in, don\'t shut down! exit 1 fi
Change its attributes to executable
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/checklogin.sh
Change the Pre Shutdown check-command in MythTV Backend setup to:
Pre Shutdown check-command: checklogin.sh
This will prevent myth from shutting down when someone is logged in
You must remember to log out rather than shut down when you are done with your session, allowing the mythTV backend to shut off the computer when it is idle. This is because the mythTV shutdown sequence writes the wakealarm time to the BIOS just before shutting down the system. If, instead, you shut the system down, the mythTV backend is not able to update the BIOS with the correct wakealarm time. Failure to follow this procedure could interrupt a recording, or prevent the system from powering on for a later recording.
Note that the Idle Timeout time is the time you have to type your username and password when logging in. It would be a good idea to make it long enough to log in before the system can shut itself off.
In the BIOS, set your system to power on when power is restored. This will allow the system to recover after a power outage. Some systems will disable the wakealarm after a power outage, but even if it doesn't, if the power is off at the programmed wake time, the wakealarm could be missed. Powering up after a power outage allows mythTV to reset the wakealarm so that future recordings are not missed.
Using ACPI & MythTV to run other applications
- Mythwelcome users
Mythwelcome is useful if you run a combined frontend / backend machine and want to use ACPI Wakeup. It allows :-
- Automatic startup of the frontend. If the system has been started due to a scheduled recording the mythwelcome status page will be shown instead to allow the system to shut itself back down.
- Locking the machine to prevent shutdown, useful if you need to perform maintenance or other tasks on the system.
- Pre defined wakeup/shutdown periods.
Configuration changes needed :-
Change the system so that mythwelcome is started instead of mythfrontend.
Tip: In Mythbuntu to start mythwelcome instead of mythfrontend you just need to uncomment the MYTHWELCOME line in /etc/mythtv/session-settings.
mythbackend Shutdown/Wakeup Options (mythtv-setup)
Block shutdown before client connected : unchecked Idle shutdown timeout (secs) : 900 (if using active EIT this may need to be set to a lower value) Max. wait for recording (min) : 15 Startup before rec. (secs) : 600 (make this time long enough to complete the boot & disk check before the recording should start) Wakeup time format : yyyy-MM-ddThh:mm:ss (Must be this format for mythshutdown) Command to set Wakeup Time : mythshutdown --setwakeup $time Server halt command : mythshutdown --shutdown Pre Shutdown check-command : mythshutdown --check
MythShutdown/MythWelcome Settings (mythwelcome --setup or F11 in mythwelcome)
Command to set wakeup time : sudo sh -c "/usr/bin/setwakeup.sh $time" Wakeup time format : time_t nvram-wakeup Restart command : (Must be blank) Command to shutdown : sudo shutdown -h now (in Ubuntu 10.4 "sudo shutdown -P now" (-h may cause system to restart)) Command to start the frontend : /usr/bin/mythfrontend
setwakeup.sh with option for bios in UTC or local time.
#!/bin/sh # # set ACPI Wakeup time # usage: setwakeup.sh seconds # seconds - number of seconds from epoch to UTC time (time_t time format) # # set UTCBIOS to true if bios is using UTC time # set UTCBIOS to false if bios is using local time UTCBIOS=true if $UTCBIOS then #utc bios - use supplied seconds SECS=$1 else #non utc bios - convert supplied seconds to seconds from #epoch to local time SECS=`date -u --date "\`date --date @$1 +%F" "%T\`" +%s` fi echo 0 > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm # clear alarm echo $SECS > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm # write the waketime
To be able to shutdown from the mythwelcome pop up menu add /usr/bin/mythshutdown to your /etc/sudoers by running "sudo visudo" and pasting the line at the end of the file.
%mythtv ALL = NOPASSWD: /sbin/shutdown, /bin/sh, /usr/bin/setwakeup.sh, /usr/bin/mythshutdown
When you are finished using the frontend you should exit back to the mythwelcome screen to allow the system to shutdown.
Shutdown procedure when using this configuration :-
The backend 'Pre Shutdown check-command' will be called - if it returns 0 then
The backend 'Command to set Wakeup Time' (mythshutdown --setwakeup $time) will be called. This writes the time into the database which mythwelcome will then use to detect if the next start-up is manual or for a scheduled recording / daily wakeup period.
The backend 'Server halt command' (mythshutdown --shutdown) will be called. This runs the mythwelcome 'Command to set wakeup time' (sudo sh -c "/usr/bin/setwakeup.sh $time"). The $time variable here will either be the time of the next scheduled recording or the time of the next defined wakeup period. The mythwelcome 'Command to shutdown' will then be called (sudo shutdown -h now) to shutdown the system.
Troubleshooting /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm
Getting your PC to wakeup using the ACPI RTC can be challenging. Here are some tips on getting it working.
Consider updating your BIOS
Since this wakeup functionality utilizes your BIOS, you may need to update your BIOS to it's later version. But please understand the potential risks of updating your BIOS before doing so.
Check your hardware
Check if your BIOS supports ACPI/RTC You will need to have a motherboard that supports both ACPI and a Real Time Clock Alarm Functions in the BIOS. Check your BIOS and look for a tab similar to "Advanced Power management".
The wake-up function is provided on most modern boards by the ability to "wake from RTC alarm" - setting a date and time in BIOS will cause the computer to power itself on and boot at the set time. This setting is likely found under a sub-menu of "Power Management" "APM", or "Advanced" - you just need to poke around to find it. It will likely be called something like Wake from RTC, Wake From Alarm, RTC Resume, etc.
If you don't have an ACPI-compliant BIOS, you could use nvram-wakeup instead, which is a small program which modifies the BIOS settings memory (NVRAM) directly (this is no longer recommended). All modern BIOSes should support ACPI, however.
Manually test wakealarm
see the Manually test wakealarm above
Fussy BIOS
There are a lot of fussy BIOSes out there. In some cases you need to disable the RTC alarm function in the bios to make things work. After you have set the RTC alarm from Linux, you might not see the changes in the BIOS, but it still works. If things are still not working for you ... try the following:
- Disable/Enable RTC in BIOS
- In some cases you need to disable the RTC alarm function is the BIOS to make things work.
- On many boards, when the RTC setting is enabled in the BIOS, it will wake only from a time set and saved from BIOS setup, and not from a time set outside of the BIOS setup environment - as we want. All of the boards the original author of this document needed this setting disabled to correctly wake with ACPI. This is the recommended starting point.
- Time/Date not visible in BIOS
After you have set the RTC alarm from Linux, it could be that you not see changes in the BIOS but it still works.
Make use of the following command to determine if the relevant wakealarm BIOS contents are proper.
cat /proc/driver/rtc
HPET conflict
In some kernels (2.6.27 and possibly others) and on some hardware, HPET seems to conflict with ACPI wakeup capabilities: calls to /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm seem to behave normally but computer won't wake up. The solution is adding "hpet=disable" as kernel parameter at boot.
For more information, see upstream or Ubuntu bug.
- ACPI enabled
Check if ACPI is enabled in your kernel and working.
$powersave -S ACPI
If powersaved is not installed on your system, do not install it, it may break other things. Installing powersaved will uninstall powernow which will prevent some systems from controlling their processor speed, and bring up an unattributed message box on every boot telling you it is unable to control the processor clock.
Backend not shutting down when using EIT
Using EIT (program guide scanned directly from channels) you may find that your backend doesn't shut down after the time specified, even when it's idle. This seems to be caused by the EIT scanning resetting the backend idle counter. This can be prevented by going into mythtv-setup and setting the General->"EIT Scanner Options"->"Backend Idle Before EIT Crawl" time to the same as (or greater than) the General->"Shutdown/Wakeup Options"->"Idle shutdown timeout".
S3 (Suspend to RAM)
First, see the BIOS setup section above to confirm which powerdown states your computer's ACPI supports. Some computers are unable to wake up from S5 (Soft Off) by an RTC alarm set through ACPI. For example some HP Compaq desktop computers allow you to set wakeup from BIOS at a specific time and at specific week days, however it is ignored ACPI alarm. In this case you may want to try to see if it does wake up from S3 (Suspend to RAM) instead.
The following check needs pm-utils package to work. You may also want to turn off X windows, as quite a few drivers don't like suspend to RAM.
# Set the alarm to five minutes in the future echo 0 > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm echo `date '+%s' -d '+ 5 minutes'` > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm /usr/sbin/pm-suspend
If the computer wakes up after 5 minutes, then congratulations.
Because "suspend to RAM" may not be very stable with the exotic hardware that a lot of mythTV users have, we want to reboot after we wake up from suspend. In fact we can add an init.d script that will suspend the computer just before it physically reboots, on wake up the computer will then do the actual reboot.
I have included an example script for Ubuntu below that will check for an /wakeup file in the root filesystem which contains the time to wakeup (seconds since epoch). You will have to change the mythtv shutdown scripts to create this file and use reboot instead of shutdown.
#!/bin/sh ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: wakeup # Required-Start: # Required-Stop: # Default-Start: # Default-Stop: 0 6 # Short-Description: Start NTP daemon ### END INIT INFO PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin . /lib/lsb/init-functions NAME=wakeup case $1 in stop) if [ -f /wakeup ] then WAKETIME=`cat /wakeup` CURTIME=`date +%s` if [ "$WAKETIME" -gt "$CURTIME" ] then log_daemon_msg "suspending with wakeup" "wakup" # Make it wakeup from ethernet ethtool -s eth0 wol g echo PCI0 >/proc/acpi/wakeup # Make it wakeup from alarm. echo 0 >/sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm echo $WAKETIME >/sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm /usr/sbin/pm-suspend log_daemon_msg "continuing with wakeup" "wakup" fi rm -f /wakeup fi ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {stop}" exit 2 ;; esac
This script is linked to from the /etc/rc0.d and /etc/rc6.d directories at a position just before the /proc, /sys and / get unmounted.
ln -s ../init.d/wakeup /etc/rc0.d/S50wakeup ln -s ../init.d/wakeup /etc/rc6.d/S50wakeup
Archive: Using /proc/acpi/alarm
This section is archival in nature and may not be up to date.
- /proc/acpi/alarm
- Kernels 2.6.21 and older use /proc/acpi/alarm
ls /proc/acpi/alarm
- format of /proc/acpi/alarm
Year-month-day hour:min:sec - yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss - (e.g. 2005-12-29 10:10:04)
Before making complex scripts, do a simple test to ensure that a wakeup time can be written to the BIOS and that the computer correctly wakes up based on this time:
Initiate manually
The commands set the wakeup time to 5 minute from now, regardless of whether the RTC is in UTC or locatltime and then turns off the machine.
The following example will set the wakeup time to 5 minute from now, regardless of whether the RTC is in UTC or locatltime.
You may not see the change in the bios, but it should still work.
- if you are using the /proc/acpi/alarm interface
echo "+00-00-00 00:05:00" > /proc/acpi/alarm
Check that it was written, the format is YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
cat /proc/acpi/alarm
If the year part looks like "0007" instead of "2007", change +00 with +2000; Shutdown your machine and wait for it to wakeup
shutdown -h now
Here are the commands to check that you have ACPI working.
$powersave -S ACPI
Check that you have the alarm function in /proc/acpi/alarm. This prints out the RTC Alarm clock from the BIOS.
$cat /proc/acpi/alarm 2005-**-29 10:10:04
Check that you can write a new time to the RTC Clock Alarm (you will need to be Root) Format is YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
#echo "2005-12-29 10:10:04" >/proc/acpi/alarm
Check that it was written, shut down and wait for it to wakeup.
#cat /proc/acpi/alarm 2005-*12-29 10:10:04 #shutdown -h now
For example (Assuming bios is in localtime):
Wakeup time format: yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss Set wakeuptime command: sudo sh -c 'echo $time > /proc/acpi/alarm'
Example for a bios configured for universal time, assuming mythshutdown is run as superuser:
Wakeup time format: time_t Command to Set Wakeup Time: date -u -d @$time +%F\ %T > /proc/acpi/alarm
Integrate into mythTV
Remember, your bios time might be in UTC rather than local time using:
# echo "+00-00-00 00:05:00" > /proc/acpi/alarm
will set the wakeup time to 5 minute from now, regardless of whether the RTC is in UTC or locatltime.
Since the wake-up time given by mythtv to the mythtv wakeup command is in local time, you need to do some bash handling of the obtained time to be able to setup the wakeup time in the bios in UTC (independent of daylight savings time and such). The following bash code might help here:
#!/bin/bash stamp_file=/home/mythtv/timestamp echo $1\ $2 > $stamp_file # If using mythwelcome you can try the next line instead on the one above. #echo $1 | sed "s/T/ /" >$stamp_file # Read the date in the locale time format and add the time-zone info to the stamp_file datum=$(/bin/date -f $stamp_file +%F\ %T\ %z) echo $datum > $stamp_file # reinterpret this in utc and write to alarm utcdatum=$(/bin/date -u -f $stamp_file +%F\ %T) echo $utcdatum > $stamp_file #rm -f $stamp_file #echo $utcdatum >/proc/acpi/alarm
As you noticed the echo to the acpi-alarm is commented out by default, because it is really better to check first if everything is working correctly (time format the same on your BIOS and such).
An alternative script to the above is the following:
#!/bin/bash stamp_file=/home/mythtv/timestamp #just log what we get as command line parameters echo $1 $2 $3> $stamp_file #I set mythtv to output the number of seconds since epoch #so I calculate the number of hours, minutes and seconds from #now the computer has to wakeup: sfn=$(($2 - `date +"%s"`)) # Offset from GMT as the awk function does timezone correction. tzone=3600 #and then send it to /proc/acpi/wakeup in the format we saw above y=`(echo $(($sfn - $tzone))|awk '{print strftime("+00-00-00 %H:%M:%S", $1)}')` echo "$y">/proc/acpi/alarm echo "$y">>$stamp_file echo "executed at `date`" >> $stamp_file exit
This works on a lot of different EPIA and ASUS Motherboards, and is not dependent on the timezone you use in the bios.
- Another contributed script
This acpi-alarm script will function with the new sys wakealarm interface or the old acpi/alarm interface
#!/bin/sh # $1 is the --settime switch that nvram-wakeup normally expects # $2 is the date/time in seconds since 1970 DATE=`date -d "1970-01-01 $2 sec" "+%F %H:%M:%S" -u` SECS=`date -d "1970-01-01 $2 sec" "+%s" -u` # Save the wakeup time echo "$*" > /myth.wakeup.args echo $DATE > /myth.wakeup.time echo $SECS > /myth.wakeup.secs if [ -e /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm ]; then echo 0 > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm echo $SECS > /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm fi if [ -e /proc/acpi/alarm ]; then echo $DATE > /proc/acpi/alarm fi
If leaving the RTC wakeup alarm on the BIOS worked with the old interface, you may need to disable it when migrating to the new interface.
rtc_cmos: probe of 00:03 failed with error -16The solution is to rebuild your kernel with the above two options excluded (find them under Drivers -> Character Devices) and the various RTC interfaces (found under Drivers -> Real Time Clock) included. From a .config point of view CONFIG_RTC and CONFIG_GEN_RTC must be unset and, at a minimum, RTC_INTF_SYSFS must be set.
Troubleshooting /proc/acpi/alarm
First, check the Troubleshooting /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm section above. The following tips are for /proc/acpi/alarm and older systems.
Consider updating your BIOS
Since this wakeup functionality utilizes your BIOS, you may need to update your BIOS to it's latest version. But please understand the potential risks of updating your BIOS before doing so.
Check your hardware
If you don't have an ACPI-compliant BIOS, you could use nvram-wakeup instead, which is a small that modifies the BIOS settings memory (NVRAM) directly (no longer recommended). All modern BIOSes should support ACPI, however.
Initiate manually
see the "Initiate manually" Initiate manually section above.
Fussy BIOS
There are a lot of fussy BIOSes out there. If things are still not working for you... try the following:
- Disable/Enable RTC in BIOS
Another possible glitch is, that the option "Resume By Alarm" (or whatever it is called) is set to Enabled but wake up using /proc/acpi/alarm only works if the option is set to Disabled. Sounds weird but works with some boards.
- Required to write time/date two times
Some users reported that their BIOS is only updated after writing 2 times to the alarm file. (reported with proc/acpi/alarm)
Advanced: Compile your own kernel
For the ones that compile their own kernel, make sure ACPI is turned on. (Not required for standard distributions) The setup of /proc/acpi/alarm is done in kernel file drivers/acpi/sleep/proc.c and controlled by the CONFIG_ACPI_SLEEP_PROC_FS flag. You can test support for you architecture by going to you kernel source and do:
$grep -r CONFIG_ACPI_SLEEP_PROC_FS arch/* arch/x86_64/defconfig:CONFIG_ACPI_SLEEP_PROC_FS=y
( Processor type and features ---> [*] Support for hot-pluggable CPUs) so that "CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU=y" in the ".config" file. After this it is possible to set ([*] Sleep States) under ACPI support.
To use /proc/acpi/alarm with kernel versions 2.6.22 and higher, disable Device Drivers / Real Time Clock
This maps to CONFIG_RTC_CLASS in the kernel .config
Links to additional information
- http://www.vdr-wiki.de/wiki/index.php/ACPI_Wakeup -- use "translate.google.com" to translate this German wiki
User experience
Moosylog - March 2007: Works fine with MSI RS482M-IL and openSUSE 10.2 after I made the following change to /etc/sysconfig/clock.....SYSTOHC="yes" to SYSTOHC="no".
Turpie: Works great with the Asus M2NPV-VM. Rad: Yep, but needs a recent bios version
Murph - April 2007: Works also great with the Legend QDI Advance 5/133E.
mythwog: No problems with ECS PT890T-A. Simply wrote wake up time to /proc/acpi/alarm, halted, and system wakes up.
Fuchur - August 2007: Had to replace the wakeup script with the one from http://www.mythwiki.de/index.php?title=HOWTO_Mythwelcome as my mythshutdown produces another time format. Otherwise it seems to work so far.
Mattwire - September 2007: Works fine with MSI K8NGM2-FID and NC6120 laptop running Ubuntu Feisty and Gutsy. Both require modification to /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh to save the wakeup time.
Dumdideldum - September 2007: Works with Epox 8rda+ running Ubuntu Feisty. It is important to disable the wakeup on rtc in the Bios and editing the /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh as described in the Ubuntu guide linked in the section below.
Pkendall - September 2007: Works fine with MSI K9NBPM2-FID running Ubuntu Feisty. As above, edit the hwclock.sh file and make sure Bios RTC wakeup is disabled.
Jmwislez - September 2007: Problem with ASUS P5GD1 motherboard (BIOS v1.014). Writing 'echo "2007-09-09 14:15:00" > /proc/acpi/alarm' works perfectly, reading via 'cat /proc/acpi/alarm' yields the expected '2007-09-09 14:15:00', but the system doesn't start at the specified time. After a manually initiated boot, 'cat /proc/acpi/alarm' yields '2007-09-00 14:15:00', with '00' for the day.
Thewizzard - October 2007: Works with MSI K7N2 Delta-ILSR, be sure to use the hwclock.sh script and have it set the time two times.
Spitzbub - December 2007: Works with Biostar NF325-A7, be sure to modify your /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh script (or equivalent) to set the wake-up time again after the --systohc, as described above under Fussy Bios.
Per Olofsson - December 2007: Works very well with Asus P5GC-VM motherboard and Debian lenny with Linux 2.6.22. I don't use the "fussy BIOS" hack since I only suspend the system instead of shutting it down.
KIB - February 2008: Shuttle XPC model SS58G2 / SS58v10, motherboard FS58V10 works with Mythbuntu 7.10, kernel 2.6.22-14. Required BIOS settings - PM Wake Up Events -> IRQ8:enabled, PCIPME:enabled, Powerup by Alarm:disabled. I use /proc/acpi/alarm interface and the patch to hwclock.sh and hwclockfirst.sh is requred as above. Wake on LAN works as well - just add "ethtool -s eth0 wol umbg" to /etc/rc.local .
imcecil - April 2008: Work for Asus P5n-E SLI Gentoo 2.6.24 configured the Kernel as required above but used time_t as the wakeup time format (time since epoch) which seems to work when echoed straight to /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm.
Cymen - April 2008: Works great for PCChips P53G but be sure to only have the rtc-cmos module loaded (not the rtc module -- if rtc module is loaded, unload both rtc and rtc-cmos and then load rtc-cmos again and the device will appear in /sys...). Blacklist the rtc module or don't compile it in (the option in under "character drivers" is the one to be excluded).
Moosylog - June 2008: Works fine with MSI RS482M-IL and openSUSE 11.0
Chaup - July 2008: Works with /proc/acpi/alarm on mythbuntu 8.04 running on Lenovo M55E. Had to disable BIOS wakeup for it to work - another fuzzy BIOS. I did update /etc/init.d/hwclock.sh as suggested.
kja999 - July 2008: Worked fine for me using Fedora 9 on an Intel Mac Mini. Use the /sys/class/rtc method ...
piratebab - July 2008: Works fine with debian lenny, kernel 2.6.18 and /proc/acpi/alarm. But with kernel 2.6.25 it dos not work; no /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm available, only a /proc/driver/rtc .
bajjisw - August 2008: Wakeup works well with Mythdora 5 on Abit NF7S2, AMD AthlonXP, ATI AIW 9700 Pro for graphics and Aver A180 for tuner. 184.108.40.206-69.fc8 . Had to (1) Disable wakeup by alarm in bios. (2) patch /etc/init.d/halt, per instructions above. (3) Write wakeup time to /proc/acpi/alarm (4) Shutdown. The box wakes up per time set in (3) . October 2008: If you have ntpd running, Do the same changes to /etc/init.d/ntpd. Otherwise, wakeup happens, but BIOS time gets reset.
specto - September 2008: Works on Gentoo 2.6.24 kernel using /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm on an Asus M3N-HT Deluxe/HDMI. Did not change BIOS RTC wakeup setting from default of 'disable'. Had to do some time hacking in the wake-up script as system clock is in local time. You can tell if the system thinks it needs to wake up by looking at /proc/driver/rtc - if 'alarm_IRQ' is "yes" then the system should wake up as scheduled. yunosh - Asus M3N78 PRO works fine too.
ronny - works like a charm on Gigabyte GA-MA69GM-S2H using /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm on archlinux. Haven't changed any bios settings, neither had to override systohgstra. --Ronny 07:48, 20 November 2008 (UTC)
Gilles - works fine on a ASROCK K7VT2 using /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm on mythbuntu kernel 2.6.27. Disabled RTC BIOS settings (they don't seem to be useful unless you want to wakeup your PC on a particular hardcoded time). Had to customize setwakeup.sh so that the wakeup time stays on the same year. If the wakeup time is on the next year, the rtc timer doesn't seem to respond well. --Gilles 19:18, 30 December 2008 (UTC)
zapp - works fine with my FOXCONN A74MX usuing /sys/class/rtc/rtc0/wakealarm on Ubuntu 8.10. RTC has to be disabled as well as HPET --zapp 13:27, 18 Jan 2009 (UTC)
Kroylar 02:03, 23 February 2009 (UTC) - I got this working on gentoo-sources-2.6.26-r3 on an Intel D865PERL motherboard only after applying the patch found on this linux-kernel mailing list entry. This patch has probably already been applied to newer kernels.
Pavol Zibrita 02:25, 21. March 2009 (UTC) - works fine with mythbuntu with kernel 2.6.27-11-generic on MSI's KT4AV-L mainboard. I'm using my machine as a storage server but I don't wanted to run it all the time. I configured the server to start using WOL when I turn on my notebook and I modyfied the check-command to check also if notebook is running or someone is logged in or at last mythshutdown --check is fine. Works great!
Henrik 13:30, 12. May 2009 (UTC) -Gigabyte GA-73PVM-S2H, works fine but needs HPET disabled in BIOS. ABIT I-N73HD works fine. Both boards tested with ubuntu 8.10.
joker4791 20:00, 20. July 2009 (UTC) -Asus P2B-DS Rev. 1.06 D03 works fine with Debian 4.0r3, kernel 2.6.27-6. Undo blacklist for ACPI is needed first, since older revisions of this board have bugs in ACPI-support.
prupert 19.10.09 I use an Intel D945GCLF2, the stuff here was useful, but confusing and didn't tell the full story, I found the most useful and succesful resource for me was: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1176528 I am however using MythBuntu so that might be why I needed to use that link. For the D945GCLF2 I had to use the settings under Setting alarm when bios clock is in localtime. Thus for the script mentioned in the post, I had to use: SECS=$(date -u --date "$1 $2" "+%s"). Also read through all the comments, as you need to use visudo to add the mythtv user to the sudoers group and also change the settings in mythwelcome from time_t to yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss.
Scary_jeff December 2009. Asus P5Q SE. Worked fine, Ubuntu 8.10.
Jamie S Jan 2010. Asus M2V MX SE. I upgraded from Mythdora 5 to Mythdora 10, which included changing from /proc/acpi/alarm to the new ACPI RTC driver. The new RTC driver did not think my system could wake from S5 using the RTC. After much pain, I built my own kernel with the legacy /proc/acpi/alarm, and now I am happy again...
Avelach January 2010. Asus P3-P5G43 (Intel Core 2 Duo (2x 1GB RAM), GMA X4500). Mythbuntu 9.10 amd64. All OK. No need tweaking BIOS nor hwclock.sh. Need to pull 2.6.33-rc4 kernel because HDMI resolution under Intel does not work under 2.6.31 and wakealarm does not work under 2.6.32!!!


text:
03.27.2017 | 29 Adar, 5777
Abbas urges Israel not to miss new opportunity for peace
Hamas partially reopens Erez crossing between Israel, Gaza
Pence: US seeks 'just solution' to conflict, president still seriously considering embassy move
Analysis: Syrian threats to attack Israel with Scud missiles are a bluff
Festival Review: Spring Festival
Israel Opera celebrates 33 years with new season
MK submits bill to restrict Supreme Court
Labor Ministry official: Construction industry in Israel very problematic
Netanyahu: Trump has already turned words of support for Israel into actions
President Rivlin rejects former PM Olmert's request for clemency
MK Gafni: We have no problem with elections, we even might benefit from that
Steps on the Silk Road
WATCH: Dancing for peace around Tel Aviv
Holon claims historic win at Mac Tel Aviv
Sela falls in straight sets to Nadal at Miami Open
Hapoel Jerusalem blown out by 24 points in Rishon
Levy's Israel humbled 4-1 in Spain qualifier
Paraguay to replace 'shackle-and-hoist' kosher slaughter method
Three children poisoned in Passover cleaning incidents
Israel turning garbage dump into energy resource
Israel falls behind in the war against smoking, says expert
Israeli-German study shows circular RNA can encode for proteins
Israel receives low marks for geriatric nursing coverage in OECD report
A multi-pronged approach to water economy innovation
$900,000 awarded to Israeli-American mobile video tech partnership
Ambassador Friedman
Our World: A test for King Abdullah
Editorial: Britain's pro-Israel pivot
Reality Check: Netanyahu's election calculations
Who killed up to 100 civilians in Iraq and the tragedy's lessons for Israel
'Israel should support Kurds' struggle against despotic Iranian regime
Egyptian court jails 56 over deadly migrant boat shipwreck
Iran sanctions 15 US firms, citing Israel ties and 'human rights'
British MP: Iran is trying to threaten Israel by establishing a second front in Syria
Mossad chief: Iran is main threat to Israel with or without nuclear deal
Iran loses thousands, 10 generals in Syria-Iraq wars
US military official to JPost: ISIS is in its death throes, but still a ruthless enemy
Will ISIS use chemical weapons against Israel or Israelis in Europe?
US weighs deploying up to 1,000 'reserve' troops for ISIS fight
France's far-right Le Pen loses EU parliament immunity over ISIS tweets
Herzog calls for using Arab Peace initiative
'Ties between US Jews and Israel could reach breaking point in 2017'
Jewish group calls to 'reject occupation' in protest at AIPAC conference
Dallas JCC evacuated over threatening phone call after Israeli suspect arrested
Technion develops hydrogen production method that blows others out of the water
Alto: The Israeli startup aiming to help Americans with disabilities
Electronic patches for migraine headaches
Iron Dome start-up to provide critical support to New York Power Authority
Report: Senate panel to question Jared Kushner over meetings with Russians
Report: Kushner to head new office tasked with fixing government inefficiency
Ivanka Trump reportedly invited to Germany on White House visit
US House and Senate introduce bipartisan bills against boycotts of Israel
Analysis: Clinton falls amid assault on establishment
Clinton concedes: 'We have still not shattered that highest and hardest glass ceiling'
Hillary Clinton and the glass ceiling: Cracked but intact
NY hassidic village loyal to Clinton despite Trump popularity among ultra-Orthodox
Trump reportedly picks friend of Jared Kushner to serve in administration
Trump calls UN 'sad,' days after Israeli settlements vote
Saddam Hussein's daughter touts Trump's 'political sensibility'
Dermer calls on Trump to move embassy to Jerusalem
VIDEO: Toning her comedy act down for the rabbi
How about a Lego Seder plate?
The Travel Advisor: Say so long to the tablets
NYC rabbi publishes '(Unofficial) Hogwarts Haggadah' for coming holiday
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Warning: Weddings can be hazardous to your health
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Plenty of fish in the sea
The i-team
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סֶקֶר עַל הָעִישוּן וְעַל שְתִייַת הָאַלְכּוֹהוֹל
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Thousands gather to see restored site of Jesus's tomb in Jerusalem
Tomb of Jesus reopens in Jerusalem after restoration
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JNF USA Leadership Mission Visits Northern Israel
Radical Islamic immigration strategy
The Oscars and Hollywood's hypocrisy; Dear Hollywood, If You Want To Help Women, You Must Strictly And Unapologetically Defend The Values That Have Allowed Women To Thrive.
The New Israel Fund's Law of Return
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TOP 4-DAY PRESIDENT'S DAY WEEKENDS 1982Present
CHART NOTES ** Gross does not include additional releases, if any. ^ Date movie went wide if applicable, otherwise the release date.
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Forums Home » Kitten Corner |
What am I?
Got a new, young, furry love in your life? This is the place for you to ask all of your questions - big or small! Just remember that you are receiving advice from other cat owners and lovers... not professionals. If you have a major problem, always seek the advice of a vet or behaviorist! Most important is to remember to have fun with your new fur baby.


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When I bought it and tried it on, they all said it looked super cute! The hair was soft and natural feeling.
You're reviewing: 32" Natural Black Loose Curly 100% Virgin Malaysian Remy Hair [WVMLCA320I]
Option 1: Clips--Cut wefts to size and sew on toupee clips. | |
Option 2: Cold Fusion Tape--Use cold fusion tape (Like Diva in a Box Replenish pack) to apply custom cut extensions for a day, a week, or a month! | |
Option 3: Take to Your Salon--These super versatile wefts can be cut and applied by your salon professional using clips, cold fusion, or other methods of application. Your salon professional can make these customizable extension wefts your ultimate new hairdo. |
Cleaning the Human Hair
Just like your own hair, human hair will accumulate residue through normal wear. However, you do not need to wash the hair everyday to keep consistent results. The hair should be washed as infrequently as possible or when you notice that the hair appears dull or acquires an odor. If you are wearing the hair all day, every day, you can wash them after 3-4 wearings.
Before shampooing, gently remove any tangles. If hair is excessively tangled, a spray on conditioner should be used.
Always use a mild shampoo or one specifically formulated for chemically treated hair.
Run the hair under warm water and after placing a small amount of shampoo on your fingers, gently work the shampoo into the hair, stroking downwards from the weft base to the ends. Do not twist, scrub or rub the hair. Use the shampoo sparingly.
When clean, rinse thoroughly under warm running water until the water runs clear. Be sure to rinse until all shampoo is removed, as improper rinsing could result in damage.
Just like your own hair, human hair extensions need to be conditioned after shampooing to maintain a healthy shine and promote styling ease.
Place a small amount of conditioner in your hand. Gently work into the hair and let sit for three to five minutes.
Rinse thoroughly in warm water.
Gently towel blot to remove excess water.
Styling the Hair
Steam rollers and/or wet setting are the safest way to curl your human hair.
Blow dryers, curling irons and other thermal tools may be used on low settings. Remember, the hair may scorch if the setting is too high.
If you choose to use electric rollers, always make sure that the ends are wrapped into the rollers to avoid "fishhooks".
For cutting, or any chemical processes such as perming or coloring, take the extensions to a professional stylist.
Storing the Hair
It is best to store the human hair in it's original container. However, you can store the hair in a plastic bag.
To keep the desired curl pattern, you may want to set the hair on rollers that conform to the curl size you wish to maintain before storing in plastic.
Do not sleep or swim while wearing the human hair.
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Order with confirmed payment will be shipped out in 2 business days and 3-4 days for order placed on weekends. Delivery time may vary depends on the destination and the shipping service you choose.
Shipping Options & Time
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Southeast Asia | Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam | 6-10 business days | 2-4 business days | ||||
West Asia | Saudi Arabia, Jordan | 6-10 business days | 3-5 business days |
*Handling time is included in the shipping time
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text:
Lobbyists representing Alaka'i Defense Systems, 2010:
Lobbying Firm Hired | Amount | Subsidiary (Lobbied For) | Lobbyist |
Van Scoyoc Assoc | $20,000 | Alaka�i Defense Systems |
Gregory, Douglas M Jolly, David W Kelly, Kevin F Kelly, Kevin Patrick Thomson, Jasper Van Scoyoc, H Stewart |
*Each quarterly filing is treated as a separate report.
Feel free to distribute or cite this material, but please credit the Center for Responsive Politics. For permission to reprint for commercial uses, such as textbooks, contact the Center: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Ortho-Novum 7/7/7 (28)
Estrogens; Contraceptives/Rifamycins
This information is generalized and not intended as specific medical advice. Consult your healthcare professional before taking or discontinuing any drug or commencing any course of treatment.
Medical warning:
Serious. These medicines may interact and cause very harmful effects. Contact your healthcare professional (e.g. doctor or pharmacist) for more information.
How the interaction occurs:
When these two medicines are taken together, your body may process estrogen faster.
What might happen:
The effects of your birth control pills may decrease and cause breakthrough bleeding, spotting, or pregnancy. The effects of your estrogen replacement therapy may decrease. The effects of the interaction may last for several weeks after you stop taking rifampin.
What you should do about this interaction:
Talk to your healthcare professional (e.g. doctor, pharmacist) as soon as possible about using a different form of birth control. Contact your doctor if you experience breakthrough bleeding, spotting, or pregnancy.If you are taking estrogen-replacement therapy, let your doctor know if you have any menopausal symptoms.Your healthcare professionals may already be aware of this interaction and may be monitoring you for it. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with them first.
1.Altschuler SL, Valenteen JW. Amenorrhea following rifampin administration during oral contraceptive use. Obstet Gynecol 1974 Nov;44(5):771-2.
2.Skolnick JL, Stoler BS, Katz DB, Anderson WH. Rifampin, oral contraceptives, and pregnancy. JAMA 1976 Sep 20;236(12):1382.
3.Back DJ, Breckenridge AM, Crawford F, MacIver M, Orme ML, Park BK, Rowe PH, Smith E. The effect of rifampicin on norethisterone pharmacokinetics. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1979 Apr 17;15(3):193-7.
4.Joshi JV, Joshi UM, Sankolli GM, Gupta K, Rao AP, Hazari K, Sheth UK, Saxena BN. A study of interaction of a low-dose combination oral contraceptive with anti-tubercular drugs. Contraception 1980 Jun; 21(6):617-29.
5.Back DJ, Breckenridge AM, Crawford FE, Hall JM, MacIver M, Orme ML, Rowe PH, Smith E, Watts MJ. The effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of ethynylestradiol in women. Contraception 1980 Feb;21(2):135-43.
6.Gupta KC, Ali MY. Failure of oral contraceptive with rifampicin. Med J Zambia 1980 Dec-1981 Jan;15(1):23.
7.Baciewicz AM, Self TH. Rifampin drug interactions. Arch Intern Med 1984 Aug;144(8):1667-71.
8.Barnett ML. Inhibition of oral contraceptive effectiveness by concurrent antibiotic administration. A review. J Periodontol 1985 Jan;56(1):18-20.
9.Baciewicz AM. Oral contraceptive drug interactions. Ther Drug Monit 1985; 7(1):26-35.
10.Szoka PR, Edgren RA. Drug interactions with oral contraceptives: compilation and analysis of an adverse experience report database. Fertil Steril 1988 May;49(5 Suppl 2):31S-38S.
11.Nor-Q-D (norethindrone) US prescribing information. WatsonPharma March, 2005.
12.Barditch-Crovo P, Trapnell CB, Ette E, Zacur HA, Coresh J, Rocco LE, Hendrix CW, Flexner C. The effects of rifampin and rifabutin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combination oral contraceptive. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999 Apr;65(4):428-38.
13.LeBel M, Masson E, Guilbert E, Colborn D, Paquet F, Allard S, Vallee F, Narang PK. Effects of rifabutin and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of ethinylestradiol and norethindrone. J Clin Pharmacol 1998 Nov; 38(11):1042-50.
14.Buss WC. Induction of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and pregnancy while taking oral contraceptives. J Antimicrob Chemother 1979 Jan; 5(1):4-5.
15.Gelbke HP, Gethmann U, Knuppen R. Influence of rifampicin treatment on the metabolic fate of. Horm Metab Res 1977 Sep;9(5):415-9.
16.Bolt HM, Bolt M, Kappus H. Interaction of rifampicin treatment with pharmacokinetics and metabolism of ethinyloestradiol in man. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1977 May;85(1):189-197.
17.Bessot JC, Vandevenne A, Petitjean R, Burghard G. Antagonistic action of rifampicin and isoniazid on the metabolism of oral contraceptives. Nouv Presse Med 1977 Apr 30;6(18):1568.
18.Dommisse J. Letter: Oral contraceptive failure due to drug interaction. S Afr Med J 1976 May 15;50(21):796.
19.Bolt HM, Kappus H, Bolt M. Effect of rifampicin treatment on the metabolism of oestradiol and 17alpha-ethinyloestradiol by human liver microsomes. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1975 Jun 13;8(5):301-7.
20.Priftin (rifapentine) US prescribing information. Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC July, 2010.


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Old Version of iTunes 10.2
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iTunes is a digital media player, written by Apple Computer, for playing and organizing digital music and video files. Additionally, the program connects to the iTunes Music Store which allows users to purchase digital music files that can be played by iTunes.
The player has gained and maintained a reputation as being easy to use while still providing many features for obtaining, organizing, and playing music. iTunes is also the principal way to manage the music on Apple's popular iPod digital audio player. The program is freely downloadable and is also supplied with Mac OS X as well as Apple's iLife home-application suite.
iTunes Features:
- iTunes is a proprietary digital media player application, introduced by Apple Inc. On January 9, 2001, at the Macworld Expo in San Francisco.
- Allows the user to manage audio and video on a personal computer
- Purchase music and videos through its built-in music storeadvanced seeding rules
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- Run a visualizer to display graphical effects in time to the music
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- iTunes includes sound processing features such as equalization
- Video support
- The Genius feature, introduced in iTunes 8, automatically generates a playlist of 25, 50, 75, or 100 songs from the user's library that are similar to the selected song.
- iTunes can automatically synchronize its music and video library with an iPod or iPhone every time it is connected.
Updates : iTunes Updates
Did You Know?
As one of the most popular programs for managing music and video content on a personal computer, Apple's iTunes software has become an indispensable part of our digital life.


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Salt Water Pools in Alquézar Huesca > Aragon > Spain
The finest Salt Water Pools in Alquézar are situated primarily in massive cities but it's also common to find public pools in rural areas. Not all countries are the exact same, and swimming regulations and rules are changing from one country to another.
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Piscina de agua salada La Cetárea
Updated on 2017 Calle Francisco González Villamil, 36, 33740 Tapia de Casariego, Asturias, España. Among all of the activities offered by the center, when you are interested in swimming you will enjoy outdoors, Salt Water, Non-Chlorine Sanitized. Just in case you want to contact this Pool prior to dropping by, we only know the phone number.
Club Natación Metropole
Updated on 2017 Paseo Alonso Quesada s/n , Las Palmas , Gran Canaria , Islas Canarias , Spain (Postal Code: 35005). Few days ago a regular user of this center told us they offer Olympic size, 8 lanes, Salt Water, Outdoors. Furthermore, they keep in good conditions Olympic size, Salt Water, Outdoors. Contact knowledge for this Swimming Pool like phone number and email address are number.
Piscinas de Agua Salada de San Esteban de Pravia
Updated on 2017 Paseo Marítimo Marq Santulla, 33130 Muros de Nalón, Asturias, España. This sports center provides Olympic size, Outdoors, Salt Water, Non-Chlorine Sanitized. Contact information for this Pool for instance phone number and email address are number.
Updated on 2017 Carretera de Terrassa, 267, 08206 Sabadell, Barcelona, España. Among all of the activities offered by the center, if you're enthusiastic about swimming you can enjoy 25 meters, 5 lanes, Indoors, Salt Water.
Piscina Municipal de Vilar de Santos
Updated on 2017 Rúa de Celanova, 83, 32650 Vilar de Santos, Province of Ourense, Spain. This sports center provides 25 meters, 4 lanes, Outdoors, Salt Water, Non-Chlorine Sanitized. Contact information for this Pool for instance phone number and email address are number.
Club de Natació Barcelona
Updated on 2017 Paseo Joan de Borbo, 93 , Barceloneta , Ciutat Vella , Barcelona , Spain (Postal Code: 08003). Swimmers like you have reported 25 meters, 25 lanes, 2m depth, Indoors, Outdoors, Salt Water. Also, you will find 5 meters, 1 lanes, 1.20m depth. If it is advisable to get in touch with this Pool, e-mail address and phone number are both number.
Piscina de agua salada de Parla
Updated on 2017 Avenida de America, 51, 28981 Parla, Madrid, España. Swimmers like you reported 25 meters, 5 lanes, Outdoors, Salt Water, Non-Chlorine Sanitized. Unfortunately we do not have the e-mail address of this Pool, but we can give you the phone number.


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I Like This! (0)
- OriginBiblical
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"Bible Black" is a song by heavy metal band Heaven and Hell from their 2009 album, The Devil You Know.
Heaven and Hell is a musical collaboration featuring Black Sabbath members Tony Iommi and Geezer Butler along with former members Ronnie James Dio and Vinny Appice.
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A new patch is now being applied to Diablo III, to update Blizzard's action/RPG sequel to version 22.214.171.12449 with some fixes with the update Blizzard promised before they begin implementing balance changes. The game may remain offline for another hour or more as part of the patching process. Here are the oddly organized patch notes:Diablo III Patch 1.0.2 - v.22.214.171.12449
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Are you looking for massage oil or massage lotion supplies for your salon or spa? Pamper your customers with massage oils and massage lotions from CCI Beauty. CCI offers a wide range of massage products from brands like AromaLand and Sacred Earth Botanicals. These massage products are natural, organic and some are even vegan.
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Best Austria Calling Cards & Austria Phone Cards from Hungary
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Includes digital copy and unlimited prints.
La Paloma - C Instrument
Composed by Sebastian Yradier - Digital Sheet Music
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La Paloma - C Instrument composed by Sebastian Yradier - Digital Sheet Music(The Dove)
Musicnotes Edition: This digital sheet music was either arranged by Musicnotes.com's staff of professional arrangers and composers or it is a new engraving of the composition's original printed arrangement. When you purchase any Musicnotes Edition, you are granted performance and recording rights and you may print an unlimited number of copies of your purchased selection.
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SANTA MARIA, Brazil (AP) � A fast-moving fire roared through a crowded nightclub in southern Brazil early Sunday, within seconds filling the space with flames and a thick, toxic smoke that killed more than 230 panicked partygoers who gasped for breath and fought in a stampede to escape.
It appeared to be the world's deadliest nightclub fire in more than a decade.
Firefighters responding to the blaze at first had trouble getting inside the Kiss nightclub because bodies partially blocked the club's entryway.
Witnesses said a flare or firework lit by band members started the blaze in Santa Maria, a university city of about 260,000 people. Officials at a news conference said the cause was still under investigation � though police inspector Sandro Meinerz told the Agencia Estado news agency the band was to blame for a pyrotechnics show and that manslaughter charges could be filed.
Television images showed black smoke billowing out of the Kiss nightclub as shirtless young men who had attended a university party joined firefighters using axes and sledgehammers to pound at windows and hot-pink exterior walls to free those trapped inside.
Bodies of the dead and injured were strewn in the street and panicked screams filled the air as medics tried to help. There was little to be done; officials said most of those who died were suffocated by smoke within minutes.
Within hours a community gym was a horror scene, with body after body lined up on the floor, partially covered with black plastic as family members identified kin.
Outside the gym police held up personal objects � a black purse, a blue high-heeled shoe � as people seeking information on loved ones looked crowded around, hoping not to recognize anything being shown them.
Guido Pedroso Melo, commander of the city's fire department, told the O Globo newspaper that firefighters had a hard time getting inside the club because "there was a barrier of bodies blocking the entrance."
Teenagers sprinted from the scene after the fire began, desperately seeking help. Others carried injured and burned friends away in their arms. Many of the victims were under 20 years old, including some minors.
"There was so much smoke and fire, it was complete panic, and it took a long time for people to get out, there were so many dead," survivor Luana Santos Silva told the Globo TV network.
The fire spread so fast inside the packed club that firefighters and ambulances could do little to stop it, Silva said.
Another survivor, Michele Pereira, told the Folha de S. Paulo newspaper that she was near the stage when members of the band lit flares that started the conflagration.
"The band that was onstage began to use flares and, suddenly, they stopped the show and pointed them upward," she said. "At that point, the ceiling caught fire. It was really weak, but in a matter of seconds it spread."
Guitarist Rodrigo Martins told Radio Gaucha that the band, Gurizada Fandangueira, started playing at 2:15 a.m. "and we had played around five songs when I looked up and noticed the roof was burning"
"It might have happened because of the Sputnik, the machine we use to create a luminous effect with sparks. It's harmless, we never had any trouble with it.
"When the fire started, a guard passed us a fire extinguisher, the singer tried to use it but it wasn't working"
He confirmed that accordion player Danilo Jacques, 28, died, while the five other members made it out safely.
Police Maj. Cleberson Braida Bastianello said by telephone that the toll had risen to 233 with the death of a hospitalized victim. He said earlier that the death toll was likely made worse because the nightclub appeared to have just one exit through which patrons could exit.
Survivors said security guards briefly tried to block people from exiting the club. Brazilian bars routinely make patrons pay their entire tab at the end of the night before they are allowed to leave.
Officials earlier counted 232 bodies that had been brought for identification to a gymnasium in Santa Maria, which is located at the southern tip of Brazil, near the borders with Argentina and Uruguay.
Federal Health Minister Alexandre Padhilha told a news conference that most of the 117 people treated in hospitals had been poisoned by gases they breathed during the fire. Only a few suffered serious burns, he said.
Brazil President Dilma Rousseff arrived to visit the injured after cutting short her trip to a Latin American-European summit in Chile.
"It is a tragedy for all of us," Rousseff said.
Most of the dead apparently were asphyxiated, according to Dr. Paulo Afonso Beltrame, a professor at the medical school of the Federal University of Santa Maria who went to the city's Caridade Hospital to help victims.
Beltrame said he was told the club had been filled far beyond its capacity during a party for students at the university's agronomy department.
Survivors, police and firefighters gave the same account of a band member setting the ceiling's soundproofing ablaze, he said.
"Large amounts of toxic smoke quickly filled the room, and I would say that at least 90 percent of the victims died of asphyxiation," Beltrame told The Associated Press by telephone.
"The toxic smoke made people lose their sense of direction so they were unable to find their way to the exit. At least 50 bodies were found inside a bathroom. Apparently they confused the bathroom door with the exit door."
In the hospital, the doctor "saw desperate friends and relatives walking and running down the corridors looking for information," he said, calling it "one of the saddest scenes I have ever witnessed."
Rodrigo Moura, identified by the newspaper Diario de Santa Maria as a security guard at the club, said it was at its maximum capacity of between 1,000 and 2,000, and partygoers were pushing and shoving to escape.
Santa Maria Mayor Cezar Schirmer declared a 30-day mourning period, and Tarso Genro, the governor of the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul, said officials were investigating the cause of the disaster.
The blaze was the deadliest in Brazil since at least 1961, when a fire that swept through a circus killed 503 people in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro.
Sunday's fire also appeared to be the worst at a nightclub since December 2000, when a welding accident reportedly set off a fire at a club in Luoyang, China, killing 309.
In 2004, at least 194 people died in a fire at an overcrowded nightclub in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Seven members of a band were sentenced to prison for starting the flames.
A blaze at the Lame Horse nightclub in Perm, Russia, killed 152 people in December 2009 after an indoor fireworks display ignited a plastic ceiling decorated with branches.
Similar circumstances led to a 2003 nightclub fire that killed 100 people in the United States. Pyrotechnics used as a stage prop by the 1980s rock band Great White set ablaze cheap soundproofing foam on the walls and ceiling of a Rhode Island music venue.
The band performing in Santa Maria, Gurizada Fandangueira, plays a driving mixture of local Brazilian country music styles. Guitarist Martin told Radio Gaucha the musicians are already seeing hostile messages.
"People on the social networks are saying we have to pay for what happened," he said. "I'm afraid there could be retaliation".


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Article published January 12, 2013
Hayes, Baker
A fall 2013 wedding is being planned by Jenna Hayes and Doug Baker, both of Loveland, Colo.
The bride-to-be is the daughter of Doug and Deb Hayes of Butler. Parents of the prospective bridegroom are Doris and Tom Baker of Monument, Colo.
The bride-elect is a 2003 graduate of Butler High School and a 2007 graduate of Allegheny College.
She is employed by Miramont Lifestyle Fitness in Loveland.
Her fiance graduated in 2001 from Lewis Palmer High School and in 2006 from the University of Northern Colorado.
He is employed by Constant Contact in Loveland.


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ACE Fit Share
Milwaukee, WI US 53217
About Ronald Zacker: Unspecified
ACE Certifications: Expired
Years Certified with ACE: 21 years
Programs & Rates: Contact me
Years in the Industry: 0-1 years
Specialties: Contact me for more information about my specialties and areas of interest.
ACE Behavior Change Specialists possess the practical, hands-on skills needed to guide people toward long-term, lifestyle and behavior change in one-on-one, group and virtual settings.
ACE Fitness Nutrition Specialists have the expertise to provide scientifically supported, practical and relevant nutrition advice while staying within their scope of practice. They can accurately give advice on selecting and preparing food, reading nutrition labels, and choosing meals that facilitate weight loss, improve athletic performance and meet special dietary needs.
ACE Sports Conditioning Specialists have the expertise to deliver exercise programs that effectively improve balance, strength, agility, speed and power. Their knowledge and skills allow them to safely and effectively help a wide range of people including athletes who want to grow stronger and faster, first responders who need to improve their endurance, or recreational adults preparing for a personal goal.
ACE Youth Fitness Specialists have the expertise to develop customized fitness programs for children and teens that help instill the value of physical activity at an early age. They are proficient in a variety of youth-related subjects including motor development, pediatric exercise physiology, growth-related differences in abilities, resistance and cardiorespiratory training.
ACE Orthopedic Exercise Specialists can safely and effectively develop exercise programs that address muscle imbalances, prevent injury, and improve movement patterns, muscular strength and endurance. They hold a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function of major joints, common musculoskeletal conditions, and general treatment clients will receive from orthopedic specialists.
ACE Weight Management Specialists hold expertise in proper nutrition and hydration strategies that helps them assist people who want to lose weight, build muscle, decrease body fat, improve overall health and achieve long-term success. They are proficient in helping a variety of people including children, teens and adults impacted by obesity to achieve their weight goals.
ACE Functional Training Specialists hold a deep understanding of how to train the body to move more efficiently. Their diverse expertise can be applied to athletes who want an edge in competition, older adults who want to play with their grandchildren without pain, or everyday people who need to improve their balance and joint stability.
ACE Mind Body Specialists have the expertise to deliver holistic programs to the growing number of people searching for a more balanced approach to health and wellness. Their proficiency in yoga and Pilates can help a wide range of people improve posture, reduce stress, strengthen the core, build muscle, and fuel an internal connection with one's self.
ACE Group Exercise Leadership Specialists have essential knowledge of exercise and movement science, know how to apply that science to appropriate class design, and use it to ensure the safety of their class participants. The expertise they hold complements the foundational education they received in other instructor training programs.
ACE Therapeutic Exercise Specialists have the expertise to develop exercise programs for people with a wide variety of special conditions including pregnancy, metabolic disease and various musculoskeletal disorders. The knowledge and skills they possess can help people with coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, osteoporosis and more boost their quality of life.
ACE Senior Fitness Specialists have the expertise to help the millions of Americans currently over the age of 55 use fitness to prevent muscle deterioration, improve bone strength, and boost quality of life. Their proficiency in exercise and nutrition can help them deliver appropriate exercise programs that combat the effects of osteoporosis, arthritis and other age-specific conditions.


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Aliases of PSW.Hacksoft (AKA):
[Panda] | Trojan Horse |
[CA] | Win32.PSW.Hacksoft.D, Win32/Hacksoft.D!PWS!Trojan |
How to Remove PSW.Hacksoft from Your Computer^
You can effectively remove PSW.Hacksoft from your computer with Exterminate It!.
After installing the program, run a scan to display a list of the files associated with PSW.Hacksoft in the Scan Result screen and remove these files. For information about running scans and removing malware files, see the Exterminate It! Help.
PSW.Hacksoft Categorized as:^
A trojan is a program that is disguised as legitimate software but is designed to carry out some harmful actions on the infected computer.
Unlike viruses and worms, trojans don't replicate but they can be just as destructive.
These days trojans are very common. Trojans are divided into a number different categories based on their function or type of damage.
Be Aware of the Following Trojan Threats:
PolyEngine.Win32, DlExaw.M!DLL!Trojan, Npox, Noone, Bancos.HBD.
Hacker Tool
Hacker tools are utilities designed to help hackers gain control of remote computers in order to use them as zombies (in DoS attacks, for example), download other malicious programs into those computers, or use them for other malicious purposes.
Be Aware of the Following Hacker Tool Threats:
Win32.KillDisk, CPUKiller.2!Trojan, PWS.AIMFake, HK, MSN.Kamuflao.
How Did My PC Get Infected with PSW.Hacksoft?^
The following are the most likely reasons why your computer got infected with PSW.Hacksoft:
- Your operating system and Web browser's security settings are too lax.
- You are not following safe Internet surfing and PC practices.
Downloading and Installing Freeware or Shareware
Small-charge or free software applications may come bundled with spyware, adware, or programs like PSW.Hacksoft. Sometimes adware is attached to free software to enable the developers to cover the overhead involved in created the software. Spyware frequently piggybacks on free software into your computer to damage it and steal valuable private information.
Using Peer-to-Peer Software
The use of peer-to-peer (P2P) programs or other applications using a shared network exposes your system to the risk of unwittingly downloading infected files, including malicious programs like PSW.Hacksoft.
Visiting Questionable Web Sites
When you visit sites with dubious or objectionable content, trojans-including PSW.Hacksoft, spyware and adware, may well be automatically downloaded and installed onto your computer.
Detecting PSW.Hacksoft^
The following symptoms signal that your computer is very likely to be infected with PSW.Hacksoft:
PC is working very slowly
PSW.Hacksoft can seriously slow down your computer. If your PC takes a lot longer than normal to restart or your Internet connection is extremely slow, your computer may well be infected with PSW.Hacksoft.
New desktop shortcuts have appeared or the home page has changed
PSW.Hacksoft can tamper with your Internet settings or redirect your default home page to unwanted web sites. PSW.Hacksoft may even add new shortcuts to your PC desktop.
Annoying popups keep appearing on your PC
PSW.Hacksoft may swamp your computer with pestering popup ads, even when you're not connected to the Internet, while secretly tracking your browsing habits and gathering your personal information.
E-mails that you didn't write are being sent from your mailbox
PSW.Hacksoft may gain complete control of your mailbox to generate and send e-mail with virus attachments, e-mail hoaxes, spam and other types of unsolicited e-mail to other people.


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Congressional Research Service Reports - Browse
- European Union's Arms Control Regime and Arms Exports to China: Background and Legal Analysis
- This report provides detailed background and legal analysis of the nature of the current European Union embargo on arms exports to China. It also provides detailed background on the European Union's current Code of Conduct on Arms Exports. A strengthened version of the Code would be one of the control mechanisms that would remain should the EU lift the embargo on arms exports to China. This report also gives information on recent EU arms exports authorized for China. It further summarizes U.S. concerns regarding the lifting of the arms embargo, and notes the prospective timing of EU action on the embargo issue.
- European Union's Arms Embargo on China: Implications and Options for U.S. Policy
- Overall, there are two sets of questions for Congress in examining U.S. policy toward the fate of the EU's arms embargo on China. What are the implications for U.S. interests in trans-Atlantic relations and China? If U.S. interests are adversely affected, what are some options for Congress to discourage the EU from lifting its arms embargo on China and, if it is lifted, to protect U.S. national security interests in both Asia and Europe? Issues raised by these questions are the subject of this CRS Report.
- U.S.-EU Trade and Economic Relations: Key Policy Issues for the 112th Congress
- This report examines the trade relations between the United States, the European Union, and China.