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Fingertip-sized Serial ATA SSD boasts 480MB/s data rate Mobile devices like tablets and smartphones typically use solid-state drives with eMMC interfaces.... Type: News story Tags: Storage Mobile computing Personal tech |
9 |
Mirasol lives, 1.5-inch display is coming 'soon' E-ink displays are great. They can be used in direct sunlight, and they're as easy on the eyes as real paper. Unfortunately, they're also usually... Type: News story Tags: Displays Personal tech |
21 |
Intel dominates microprocessor revenue, AMD falls behind SoC makers The microprocessor market is changing, and so are the ways analysts measure it. For the first time, market research firm IC Insights has included... Type: News story Tags: CPUs Mobile computing Personal tech |
79 |
Otellini: Intel passed on the original iPhone Outgoing Intel CEO Paul Otellini had some interesting things to say in a... Type: News story Tags: CPUs Personal tech |
88 |
Dell cuts WinRT tablet price to $299.99 Lately, tablets that can run the full version of Windows 8 have been selling for just under $450. Is there any room left for... Type: News story Tags: Personal tech |
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Nvidia's Shield handheld to cost $349, ship next month At CES earlier this year, Nvidia introduced Project Shield, a handheld gaming console based on its Tegra 4 processor. We learned quite a few... Type: News story Tags: Personal tech |
62 |
Amazon buys Liquavista screen technology from Samsung Amazon may have settled on the screen technology that will power the seemingly inevitable color Kindle reader. The Digital Reader reports that Samsung-owned screen... Type: News story Tags: Displays Personal tech |
29 |
Xperia ZR smartphone lasts up to 30 minutes underwater Since I have decried the dearth of weather-resistant smartphones, it's only fair that I take a moment to recognize Sony's Xperia ZR. ... Type: News story Tags: Mobile computing Personal tech |
24 |
Tactus and Synaptics partner on tactile touchscreen buttons The smooth exterior glass of touchscreen displays is great for letting your fingers glide freely while performing various swipes and gestures. However, the lack of... Type: News story Tags: Displays Input devices Mobile computing Personal tech |
9 |
Google Glass video reveals user interface Now that the Google Glass Explorer program is in full swing, we're starting to learn more about the device. A few days ago, developer... Type: News story Tags: Mobile computing Personal tech |
62 |
Report: Samsung prepping 11-inch Nexus, Galaxy tablets Modern tablets come in all shapes and sizes, and even more variety may be on the way. SamMobile has published purported details on... Type: News story Tags: Mobile computing Personal tech |
21 |
Intel: $200 Atom notebooks to run Android Last week, Intel CEO Paul Otellini revealed that touch-friendly notebooks based on the firm's upcoming Bay Trail Atom refresh would cost as little as... Type: News story Tags: Mobile computing Operating systems Personal tech |
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Q1 tablet shipments grow 117% over last year Market research firm Strategy Analytics has released tablet shipment numbers for the first quarter of 2013. The overall market continues to expand, with shipments of... Type: News story Tags: Mobile computing Personal tech |
23 |
Bloomberg: Amazon to release set-top box this year Remember when Amazon was just an online bookstore? Today, the e-tail giant... Type: News story Tags: Multimedia Personal tech |
25 |
Apple posts record revenue, lower profits Folks on Wall Street were awaiting Apple's latest quarterly results with bated breath. By the looks of it, they were pleasantly surprised when Apple Type: News story Tags: Mac Personal tech |
53 |
Leaked specs, photos reveal 8'' Acer Windows 8 tablet Last week, Microsoft CFO Peter Klein confirmed the impending arrival of mini Windows tablets. Few specifics have been made public, but thanks to French... Type: News story Tags: Mobile computing Personal tech |
26 |
Microsoft confirms mini Windows tablets The rumor mill has been predicting the arrival of smaller Windows tablets for a while. Microsoft lent weight to those predictions when it lowered... Type: News story Tags: Mobile computing Windows Personal tech |
30 |
Report: Intel chips to fuel new Android convertibles In the world of convertible tablets, much of the focus has been on devices running Windows 8 and its ARM-friendly RT counterpart. However, according... Type: News story Tags: CPUs Mobile computing Personal tech |
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Gigabyte shows off a trio of GeForce GTX 1080 Tis | 5 |

subset: commoncrawl


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Northwest Mossy Oak Camouflage Seat Covers H006-MO-B-BLA
- Official Mossy Oak patterns
- Waterproof & wipe clean
- Stain and UV resistant
- Machine washable
- Easy, quick installation
- Sold by the row
Northwest Mossy Oak seat covers are available in their most well-known camo patterns. Mossy Oak patterns contain incomparable detail and contrast of leaves, limbs, acorns, and branches. These camouflage seat covers offer hunters and nature lovers to show their love for the outdoors.
Northwest uses 600 denier nylon polypro fabric that is water and stain resistant which maintains softness and comfortability. Mossy Oak camo patterns are composed of numerous layers of real images from the woods creating a multi-dimensional depth of scenery unlike any other you'll ever lay your eyes on! Northwest offers Mossy Oak Break Up, Break Up Infinity, Blades and Mountain Country patterns in your choice of solid camo or as an inset with black sides.
Since all camo seat covers are designed specific to your seat configuration, installation is quick and easy. Spill something nasty on your covers? Literally just pull the covers off and thrown them in the washing machine! Get your Northwest Mossy Oak camo seat covers today!
Order Notes
Since all Northwest Covers are custom made to order and have gone into production 2 days from the date of order, the order cannot be cancelled unless they have taken longer than 10 working days to ship.
View Available Part Numbers For This Product Line
2 Year Warranty
Mossy Oak Camo Seat Covers Warranty
Northwest Covers come with a 2 year warranty for fit, workmanship & normal wear. They will replace any sections that have worn due to normal use, have a material defect or fitment problem, free of charge. If you are not satisfied with the fit of your seat covers, you can return them within 15 days of invoice date for a full refund. Simply send in a digital picture of the problem area and they will replace that section free of charge.
Please note:
• Although our slip-on seat covers do have an industry leading fit, they are not an upholstery replacement kit.
• Customers are 100% responsible for their choice of color, fabric and correct seat style for their vehicle.
• Please make sure you have read the detailed description of the fabrics before ordering.
• If you still are not quite sure about the fabrics, please feel free to call RealTruck.Com with any questions at 877-216-5446.
These Mossy Oak camouflage seat covers offer a simple at home installation. These bad boys are custom designed for an easy installation and can be removed for cleaning just as easily.


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BMW 330i Replacement Air Filters at Tuners Depot
K&N® Drop in Air Filter Replacement - 99-06 BMW 330i E46 3.0L L6 |
Description: |
K&N 99-06 BMW 330i drop in replacement air filters are awesome. Not only are they easy to install (just pop off the clips on your 330i stock air box, grab your old filter, and drop your new K&N air filter in), but they are economical AND effective.
Your stock 330i BMW paper air filter is not a good air filter. Not only do paper air filters have to be replaced fairly often, but as dirt and dust accumulates on top of them, they clog and lose their ability to filter air properly. The result is reduced performance and increased strain on your air-hungry 330i motor. K&N air filters on the other hand, are made from pleated cotton with microfine fibers, and oiled to perfection, resulting in an air filter that actually works better as it gets dirtier (to a point of course). Also, since this BMW 330i air filter is reusable, you only need to clean it with K&N oil every 50,000 miles, instead of replacing it every 1-2 years like you are supposed to with your stock BMW 330i drop-in filter.
Guaranteed for a million miles and 50 state emissions legal.
Suggest Retail: | $68.57 | |
Our Price: | $54.02 | |
User Rating |
Shipping: | Free (Continental US) | |


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Description: Maxi-Lock is a 100% polyester serger thread that meets the demands of serger sewing like no other thread. Maxi-Lock is able to withstand the high speeds and tension that accompany serging makes this the perfect thread for all of your sewing needs. 3000 yards. 40 weight. #31425 Dark Turquoise.
See more Maxi-Lock Serger Thread 3000 yd..
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Extended Perks members now have exclusive access to one-click booking! Save time by just clicking the Just Book It! link under your desired room rate to instantly reserve your room!
Free MyNights (7 Free) notice
Please note while it appears ESA is charging $1 plus tax for every free night, this amount will not be charged to you at the time of check-in.
*Winner of the 2013 TripAdvisor Certificate of Excellence* Our hotel is in the top 10% of all hotels on TripAdvisor!
Complimentary business centre area with printer station in the lobby. Complimentary incoming fax; Copy service and outgoing fax services are available for a small fee; Mail, faxes and packages delivered directly to guest rooms at the end of each business day.
Full Service (provided weekly): Dusting, vacuuming, changing linens and towels, emptying trash, cleaning of bathroom and kitchen, and replenishing soap and toilet paper if needed. Additional Full Service can be purchased at $10 per service.
Refresh Service (optional service): Replacing soiled towels, emptying trash, replenishing soap and toilet paper if needed, and making bed with existing linens. Refresh Service can be purchased at $5 per service.
*Dishes are not washed during either service.
Check-in time for arriving guests will be 3:00 p.m. Guests arriving earlier may be asked to store their bags and wait until a room becomes available. Check-out time for departing guests will be 11:00 a.m. Property management may agree to extend the standard check-out hour based on property availability and demand.
For guests opting to pay in cash, a $200 cash deposit is required per room, per stay. This deposit will be used to guarantee incidental charges that may be incurred during your stay, if any, as well as damages to the guest room. Payment of the deposit can only be made by cash. Upon check-out, the room deposit will first apply to outstanding incidental charges, and all or a portion may be retained to cover damages to the room during your stay. At check-out, after satisfactory inspection, the room deposit will be refunded. Refunds over $100.00 will be mailed by check within 14 days of departure. A receipt will be provided at check-in verifying receipt of the room deposit, and again at check-out verifying the final balance returned.
Occupied guest rooms with pets are similarly cleaned monthly in the event of a long-term stay.
It is Extended Stay Canada's policy and practice to require payment in advance for guest rooms. At check-in, our guests must pay for the entire stay if the length of the stay is less than seven days; or for one week at a time if the stay is seven days or longer. For stays of longer than seven days, the guest will be required to pay for each week in advance.


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AmeriMistT air brush colors are super strength, highly concentrated spray-on air brush food colors that are extremely effective,even on the hard to color non-dairy whipped toppings and icings. AmerimistT air brush colors eliminate the need to overspray so moisture will not accumulate, water spots will not appear, and the icing will not breakdown.


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PSA Honors and Distinctions
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Treprostinil is a medication administered either subcutaneously or intravenously approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in World Health Organization (WHO) Group 1 patients. Treprostinil is a synthetic analogue of prostacyclin, a naturally occurring substance in the body, which has effects on dilating blood vessels. Treprostinil was approved for PAH by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2002 for subcutaneous use and in 2004 for intravenous use.
The major actions of treprostinil appear to be similar to the effects of epoprostenol (Flolan® or Veletri®) and include vasodilatation of the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds (widening of narrowed blood vessels in the lung and other parts of the body) and inhibition of platelet aggregation (clumping).
Patients receiving subcutaneous treprostinil have been shown to have increased exercise capacity as demonstrated in a three-month study. This improvement was dose related, meaning that those patients in the clinical trial achieving the highest doses had the greatest improvement in exercise capacity. Two longer-term (two to four years) studies of subcutaneous treprostinil involving patients with pulmonary hypertension demonstrated continued efficacy.
Trials with intravenous treprostinil include a recently published short-term trial in Group 1 PAH. During this trial, patients had reduced symptoms and improved exercise capacity. Other small studies have transitioned patients on a stable dose of epoprostenol to treprostinil displaying maintenance of exercise capacity. The dose of treprostinil may be higher than the previous epoprostenol dose. Whether long-term intravenous treprostinil is as effective as intravenous epoprostenol is unknown as there are no long-term comparative studies.
Subcutaneous treprostinil is delivered under the skin through a tiny tube connected to the CADD MS3 portable infusion pump. Infusion catheters are placed under the skin, often in the abdominal area, and are periodically changed.Intravenous treprostinil must be administered via a surgically placed central venous catheter.
Intravenous treprostinil is delivered via the CADD Legacy pump (the same pump that is used for intravenous epoprostenol administration), the CHRONO 5 pump or the CADD MS 3 pump. Each pump system has its own benefits and complexities. Treprostinil is stable at room temperature for at least 48 hours when given either subcutaneously or intravenously. This means it does not have to be refrigerated or kept cold with ice while being infused.
An implantable pump system (i.e., surgical placement of the pump and tubing under the skin) is currently undergoing scientific investigation as yet another way to deliver treprostinil. This system has not yet been approved for use.
Treprostinil is usually initiated at 1.25 – 2.5 ng/kg/min, and the dose is gradually increased to achieve symptomatic relief. It is not uncommon for some patients to be on a dose of 100 ng/kg/min or higher to achieve optimal benefit with a tolerable safety profile; however the optimal dose, like other infusion agents, must be individualized. The dose of treprostinil is the same for subcutaneous and intravenous delivery systems. Conversion from epoprostenol to treprostinil has been described and is included in the indications for treprostinil. The exact procedure and dosing during such a conversion would be determined by the PH provider for each specific circumstance.
Treprostinil is supplied in 20 ml vials containing four different concentrations of drug (1.0mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, 5.0 mg/ml, and 10.0 mg/ml). A single vial should be used no more than 14 days after the initial opening of the vial, provided that the proper storage procedures are followed.
Treprostinil is a limited distribution medication, which means it cannot be purchased at a local pharmacy. It must be prescribed by a physician, and insurance approval must be obtained prior to starting therapy. The drug is provided directly from specialty pharmacies (Accredo Health Group, Inc., and CVS Caremark) that provide a team of clinical pharmacists and nurses. They assist with all aspects involved in the long-term usage of treprostinil, including insurance issues, education on pump function and central line care, providing pumps and supplies and technical troubleshooting with 24-hour hotlines.
It is expected that most insurance plans will pay for treprostinil prescriptions; however, plans with a set co-payment may result in a large cost to the patient.
Medicaid and most state-run insurance plans will pay for treprostinil. Medicare will also cover ambrisentan in most cases under Part D.
United Therapeutics® (877-864-8437) offers a variety of options to cover either partial or full drug cost for any patient providing evidence of adequate financial need. Caring Voice Coalition (888-267-1440), an organization that provides grants to assist with drug cost for patients with chronic illnesses, may also provide coverage if the patient proves a need for such assistance.
Similar to epoprostenol initiation, patients started on intravenous treprostinil typically require admission to the hospital for a few days. While in the hospital, specialty nurses or pulmonary hypertension coordinators from your center teach patients central venous catheter (e.g. Hickman) care, CADD pump specifics and administration of treprostinil. Subcutaneous treprostinil can be started either in the hospital or at home. For home initiation, pre-teaching is generally performed by specialty nurses. In addition, the specialty nurses are often present with the patient during the start-up of home drug delivery.
The side effects of treprostinil are similar to those seen with all prostacyclin agents and include:
In addition to side effects from the medicine, there may be side effects due to the infusion system. Infection and bleeding can occur at the infusion site.
The half-life of treprostinil is about four and a half hours. Stopping treprostinil can be fatal when done abruptly.
There are no adequate, well-controlled studies of the potential effect of infused treprostinil in pregnant humans. Studies in pregnant rabbits of continuous subcutaneous infusions of treprostinil sodium, using doses higher than normally used in humans, have been shown to be associated with an increased incidence of fetal skeletal variations. No other fetal problems were seen. Similar studies in rats showed no effects. Infusion treprostinil currently carries an FDA grading of "B" in pregnancy. Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in any trimester. Treprostinil should only be used during pregnancy when the benefit is felt to outweigh the risk.
Safety and efficacy in pediatric patients has not been established. Treprostinil has been used in children. Clinical studies of treprostinil did not include sufficient numbers of patients 16 years of age and under to determine its safety and efficacy in children. Clinical studies did not include a sufficient number of patients over age 65 to determine either safety or efficacy.
Treprostinil clearance appears to be reduced in patients with liver insufficiency. This results in decreased tolerability. Patients with mild or moderate liver insufficiency may be started at lower initial doses and may be more sensitive to dose increases.
Treprostinil has not been studied in severe liver insufficiency.Treprostinil has not been evaluated in patients with impaired kidney function. Since treprostinil is mainly excreted through the kidney, reduced drug clearance may potentially result in increased exposure to treprostinil and decreased tolerability. Likewise, the effect of dialysis is unknown.
This is possible, but not likely.
No medications are prohibited with the use of treprostinil.
Inhaled treprostinil (Tyvaso®) is approved and available for use in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is discussed in depth on a separate Treatment Fact Sheet.
Oral treprostinil is undergoing scientific study but is not approved or available in the United States.


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1990 Mustang Parts
Ford continued their recent trend of making very few changes to the Mustang by, again, not changing many 1990 Ford Mustang parts. However, a handful 1990 Mustang parts did change-more than had changed the previous two years-including the addition of a driver's side airbag, standard door map pockets, and clear coat paint. Ford also changed several 90 Mustang parts by adding a 'Limited Edition' LX 5.0L convertible, but only around 3,700 were sold.
Regular Price: $161.99
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CJ's Low Price:$1,999.99
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CJ's Low Price:$49.99
1990 Mustang Parts
This new convertible model did contain many unique 1990 Ford Mustang parts, mostly altering the appearance, though a 'special value' package was available within the 'Limited Edition' package that added air conditioning, cruise control, a premium stereo and a clock. However, since the overall product changed very little, buyers started to lose interest and sales of 1990 Mustang parts plummeted by 39% to 128,189.Since the Mustang and all of its 90 Mustang parts remained practically the same, CJ Pony Parts still offers more than 3,000 1990 Ford Mustang parts. Many of these 1990 Mustang parts come from popular vendors like Air Flow Research, Eastwood, Hurst, LeBRA, Northern, Scott Drake, UPR and many more. In addition, CJ Pony Parts has many of these 90 Mustang parts in stock and available to ship today, if they are ordered by 5 p.m., plus many have free shipping!
Many of these 1990 Mustang parts can be used to boost performance, in addition to replacing aged stock parts. These 1990 Mustang parts include shifters, exhausts, intakes and many others that, by themselves can help your Mustang perform better. However, when combined, these 1990 Mustang parts can make a big difference that you'll notice every time you drive down the road. These 1990 Mustang parts, among others, are some of the most popular upgrades in the aftermarket and are "must haves" for nearly any owner.
Ordering 1990 Ford Mustang parts or getting installation and tech questions answered is easy. Contact CJ Pony Parts by phone to speak to their knowledgeable sales and customer care staff, or visit their website. Both methods offer easy ordering for 1990 along with other fox body Mustang parts and the ability to get questions answered, while the website also offers a live chat option and many installation guides, tech articles, and manufacturer instructions to make any 1990 Mustang job easy.


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Lifestyle changes can be helpful in a variety of important ways:
- Strengthening your body so that you can withstand some of the rigors of treatment
- Optimizing the function of your immune system to aid in the fight against cancer
- Improving your emotional outlook, so you can enjoy life to the fullest, even during treatment for thyroid cancer
- Making healthful choices that will help you avoid other medical problems that could complicate your health
General Guidelines
- Stop smoking.
- Reduce your risk of infection.
- Follow a nutritious diet.
- Participate in a reasonable level of exercise.
- Rest when tired.
- Seek support.
Stop Smoking
Smoking is a known risk factor for many cancers. Although you may have already been diagnosed with cancer, it's not too late to stop smoking. When you quit smoking, you reduce your risk of its many associated medical complications, which should improve your chances of withstanding the physical stresses of cancer and treatment. Also, since the immune system of smokers is generally less effective than nonsmokers, by quitting you may be adding your immune system's ability to join in the battle against cancer.
Ask your doctor about programs to help you stop smoking, such as group support, hypnosis, and alternative nicotine delivery systems.
For more information on quitting smoking, click here.
Reduce Your Risk of Infection
To decrease your risk of infection, avoid exposure to bacteria and viruses:
- Try to avoid crowds, especially during cold and flu season.
- Ask your doctor about immunization against the flu and pneumonia.
- Wash your hands thoroughly and often. Hand washing is the most effective method of decreasing the chance of catching colds and flu. You may wish to carry hand sanitizer with you for occasions when washing is not convenient.
For more information on washing your hands properly, click here.
Follow a Nutritious Diet
Eating a healthful diet may help you avoid other medical conditions linked to poor nutrition. Because cancer itself and some cancer treatment may have a dulling effect on your appetite, it's important that you make the most of the calories you do take in. Strongly consider consulting a registered dietitian (RD) to help you learn more about the best kinds of foods for you to eat and how to eat other, less healthful foods in moderation. (Your doctor can refer you to an RD.) Avoid making drastic changes in your diet based on the latest fad diet.
For more information on eating a healthful diet, click here.
Participate in a Reasonable Level of Exercise
If you have not been exercising regularly, check with your doctor to determine a safe exercise program under your current circumstances. Exercise has many benefits that may help you withstand the physical and emotional stresses of cancer and cancer treatment:
- Promoting overall fitness
- Boosting your energy level
- Improving your immune system functioning
- Bolstering your spirits and improving your emotional outlook
You may consider consulting a personal trainer to help you set exercise goals and to safely follow through on initiating an exercise program. While incorporating exercise, be sure to balance rest and activities to prevent becoming too tired.
For more information on starting a regular exercise program, click here.
Rest When Tired
The treatments for cancer can add to the fatigue you already feel from fighting cancer. In fact, fatigue is the most frequently experienced symptom of cancer and cancer treatments. The fatigue you feel can range from "just feeling tired" to complete and utter exhaustion. Wherever in this range you fall, you may find your fatigue quite distressing and affecting your quality of life.
It is important to allow your body time to rest. This will help your body have the strength to heal itself. Studies have shown a relationship between fatigue and an increased morbidity of cancer and cancer treatments as a result of fatigue's adverse effect on appetite, diminished quality of life, and loss of hope.
To help you avoid getting overtired, try not to do too much. Prioritize the things you need to do, and focus on the most important ones. Also, allow others to help you with daily chores, shopping, and preparing meals. Plan times throughout the day when you can rest.
For information on getting a good night's sleep, click here.
Seek Support
The diagnosis of cancer is a life-defining event that is difficult to handle for anyone. Facing the uncertainty of a serious disease, feeling anxious about how you will feel during treatment, and worrying about the impact of both the diagnosis and treatment can take a devastating toll that no one should have to tackle on their own. Give yourself permission to call on any helpful resources, including the following:
- Family
- Friends
- Religious community
- Empathetic support groups for people with your type of cancer
- Professional support (social workers, psychologists, and/or psychiatrists who are trained to help support cancer patients and their families)
People who allow themselves to seek help while they are recovering from cancer can often maintain better emotional equilibrium, which will help them face the challenges of cancer and its treatment.
For more information on increasing your social support, click here.
When to Contact Your Doctor
It's important that you don't make major lifestyle changes without consulting your doctor and verifying that you are proceeding safely. You are already being physically and emotionally challenged by the presence of cancer and the rigors of treatment. You and your doctor need to work together to make wise lifestyle choices and implement them in the healthiest way possible. Your doctor can provide referrals to an RD, personal trainer, therapist, and support group.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: Mohei Abouzied, MD, FACP
- Review Date: 09/2014 -
- Update Date: 09/17/2014 -


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Samsung SC-D455 Charger
SC-D455 Duracell Camcorder Battery Charger
£14.99 inc VAT - Free Delivery ✔ In Stock Now |
- Specification
- Description
- Quick search number: 8RQ89H
- Warranty: 3 YEARS
- Role of product in providing mains power: Charger , Charger for rechargable batteries
- Input voltage/Power source: USB , Powered by a USB port
- Voltage: 5.0 V
- Weight: 64 g
- Dimensions: 84.0mm x 48.0mm x 33.0mm
- Charger Power Source: USB
Brand Name: This is a Duracell branded product.
Memory Cards for Digital Cameras, PDAs & Mobile Phones
Duracell Memory cards are available in SDHC, SDXC, and MicroSD with storage capacities ranging from 8Gb to 128GB and suitable for various types of photography on conventional Digital Cameras , Camcorders and Smartphones .
Duracell Memory Cards range from standard Class 4 through to professional Class 10 UHS-3 for cinema quality HD Video.
Our range of MicroSD cards are great for capturing photos on your Smartphone, Our SD Adapter Kit microSD cards include an adapter allowing the small MicroSD card to be used in any device with a SD card slot. Great for transferring photos from device to device easily.
In our dedicated Memory Card section we also offer an extensive range of USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 Pen Drives for data storage for your desktop, laptop or ultrabook PC.
Please select the memory card type which is suitable for use in your device.


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Car Rental / Hire in Chikmagalur, India
Find a rental car in Chikmagalur with WheelsAbroad.com
Check us out for the best car rental rates. We have one simple goal… to help you find the best value car hire for your Chikmagalur trip. We've done the research so you don't need to.
Great car rental deals are just a few clicks away…
- Type your pick up location (or 3 character airport code) into the search form.
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Gallery Wrap Stunning Ocean Sands is carefully produced to order by our experienced employees, the image is stretched around the frame for a professional 3 dimensional professional framed finish.
Quality Museum Grade Canvas We only utilize flawless white matt canvas. This gives you the flawless background and provides eye-catching brilliant shades every time for the perfect Seascape Canvas Art.
Light-fast Epson Ultra Chrome Inks The canvas is manufactured with lthe latest developments in nine colour ink technology. Epson Ultra Chrome Uv inks shield against the daylight and impregnate the colour into the canvas. All of our canvas prints are made to last up to a hundred years.
Insured Delivery With Secure Packaging Every one of our canvas prints are posted via our insured courier service in unique packaging to guarantee your print is delivered in unspoiled condition. Every canvas picture is ready to display immediately.
With 1000s of 5 piece canvas prints to choose from in a huge variety of colours and sizes. Refresh your home or office with 5 piece canvas art prints.
Here at Infusion we are passionate about 5 piece canvas art and work to find the very latest in 5 piece canvas designs, and offer them in a unrivaled variety of styles.


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Criminal Law
Criminal Law Questions? Ask a Criminal Lawyer.
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Article published March 21, 2013
Evergreen center workers send message: Improve care at homes
JACKSON TWP — Union nursing home employees at the Evergreen Health and Rehabilitation Center on Evergreen Mill Road joined fellow workers across the state Thursday to send a message to their employers to improve care at homes and to turn jobs into family-sustaining careers.
Employees held union flags and signs that read "Quality Care = Quality Jobs" as they stood at the entrance to the nursing care facility.
SEIU Healthcare Pennsylvania members took part Thursday in a statewide nursing day of action at more than 50 care facilities across the state.


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Driveway Paving Guys, Brokaw, WI has seen enough to now Asphalt Paving is rough and brittle, and as a result, breaks will formulate over time. Varying from hairline to an inch wide or more, cracks are your driveway's worst enemy because they let water in. In colder climates, freeze-thaw cycles can be very destructive, and can wreak havoc on your driveway if water penetrates the cracks, then expands as it turns to ice. And even in warmer climates, water penetration can cause significant damage. The bigger the crack, the more serious the problem, and the sooner it needs to be fixed. Cracks that are left un-repaired will lead to severe deterioration of the pavement and even to the base layers, requiring complete replacement of the driveway - sooner rather than later in colder climates.
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Teaching an old PSU new tricks Years back, while still an angsty teenager, I had a bug in my head telling me that A+ certification sounded like good times. With... |
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Aorus gives its GTX 1070 the triple-fan treatment | 1 |


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The number of older people hospitalized with the flu has risen sharply, prompting federal officials to take unusual steps to make more flu medicines available and to urge wider use of them as soon as symptoms appear.
The U.S. is about halfway through this flu season, and "it's shaping up to be a worse-than-average season" and a bad one for the elderly, said Dr. Thomas Frieden, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
It's not too late to get a flu shot, and "if you have symptoms, please stay home from work, keep your children home from school" and don't spread the virus, he said.
New figures from the CDC show widespread flu activity in all states but Tennessee and Hawaii. Some parts of the country are seeing an increase in flu activity "while overall activity is beginning to go down," Frieden said. Flu activity is high in 30 states and New York City, up from 24 the previous week.
Nine more children or teens have died of the flu, bringing the nation's total this flu season to 29. That's close to the 34 pediatric deaths reported during all of the last flu season, although that one was unusually light. In a typical season, about 100 children die of the flu and officials said there is no way to know whether deaths this season will be higher or lower than usual.
The government doesn't keep a running tally of adult deaths from the flu, but estimates that it kills about 24,000 people most years.
So far, half of confirmed flu cases are in people 65 and older. Lab-confirmed flu hospitalizations totaled 19 for every 100,000 in the population, but 82 per 100,000 among those 65 and older, "which is really quite a high rate," Frieden said.
"We expect to see both the number and the rates of both hospitalizations and deaths rise further in the next week or so as the flu epidemic progresses,'" so prompt treatment is key to preventing deaths, he said.
About 90 percent of flu deaths are in the elderly; the very young and people with other health problems such as diabetes are also at higher risk.
If you're worried about how sick you are and are in one of these risk groups, see a doctor, Frieden urged. One third to one half of people are not getting prompt treatment with antiviral medicines, he said.
Two drugs — Tamiflu and Relenza — can cut the severity and risk of death from the flu but must be started within 48 hours of first symptoms to do much good. Tamiflu is available in a liquid form for use in children under 1, and pharmacists can reformulate capsules into a liquid if supplies are short in an area, said Dr. Margaret Hamburg, head of the Food and Drug Administration.
To help avoid a shortage, the FDA is letting Tamiflu's maker, Genentech, distribute 2 million additional doses of capsules that have an older version of package insert.
"It is fully approved, it is not outdated," just lacks information for pharmacists on how to mix it into a liquid if needed for young children, she said.
This year's flu season started about a month earlier than normal and the dominant flu strain is one that tends to make people sicker. Vaccinations are recommended for anyone 6 months or older. There's still plenty of vaccine — an update shows that 145 million doses have been produced, "twice the supply that was available only several years ago," Hamburg said.
About 129 million doses have been distributed already, and a million doses are given each day, Frieden said. The vaccine is not perfect but "it's by far the best tool we have to prevent influenza," he said.
Carlos Maisonet, 73, got a flu shot this week at New York's Brooklyn Hospital Center at the urging of his wife, who was vaccinated in August.
"This is his first time getting the flu shot," said his wife, Zulma Ramos.
Last week, the CDC said the flu again surpassed an "epidemic" threshold, based on monitoring of deaths from flu and a frequent complication, pneumonia. The flu epidemic happens every year and officials say this year's vaccine is a good match for strains that are going around.
Flu vaccine finder: http://www.flu.gov
CDC flu info: http://www.cdc.gov/flu/index.htm
AP Photographer Bebeto Matthews in New York contributed to this report.
Follow Marilynn Marchione's coverage at —http://twitter.com/MMarchioneAP
Flu season 'bad one for the elderly,' CDC says
Jan 18, 2013 at 4:00 PM


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RPi Low-level peripherals
Hardware & Peripherals:
Hardware - detailed information about the Raspberry Pi boards.
Hardware History - guide to the Raspberry Pi models.
Low-level Peripherals - using the GPIO and other connectors.
Expansion Boards - GPIO plug-in boards providing additional functionality.
Screens - attaching a screen to the Raspberry Pi.
Cases - lots of nice cases to protect the Raspberry Pi.
Other Peripherals - all sorts of peripherals used with the Raspberry Pi.
In addition to the familiar USB, Ethernet and HDMI ports, the R-Pi offers lower-level interfaces intended to connect more directly with chips and subsystem modules. These GPIO (general purpose I/O) signals on the 2x13 header pins include SPI, I2C, serial UART, 3V3 and 5V power. These interfaces are not "plug and play" but require care to avoid miswiring. The pins use a 3V3 logic level and are not tolerant of 5V levels, such as you might find on a 5V powered Arduino. Not yet software-enabled are the flex cable connectors with CSI (camera serial interface) and DSI (display serial interface), and a serial link inside the HDMI connector called CEC (consumer electronics control).
General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO)
General Purpose Input/Output (a.k.a. GPIO) is a generic pin on a chip whose behavior (including whether it is an input or output pin) can be controlled (programmed) through software.
The Raspberry Pi allows peripherals and expansion boards (such as the upcoming Rpi Gertboard) to access the CPU by exposing the inputs and outputs.
For further general information about GPIOs, see:the wikipedia article.
The production Raspberry Pi board has a 26-pin 2.54 mm (100 mil)[1] expansion header, marked as P1, arranged in a 2x13 strip. They provide 8 GPIO pins plus access to I²C, SPI, UART), as well as +3.3 V, +5 V and GND supply lines. Pin one is the pin in the first column and on the bottom row. [2]
GPIO voltage levels are 3.3 V and are not 5 V tolerant. There is no over-voltage protection on the board - the intention is that people interested in serious interfacing will use an external board with buffers, level conversion and analog I/O rather than soldering directly onto the main board.
All the GPIO pins can be reconfigured to provide alternate functions, SPI, PWM, I²C and so. At reset only pins GPIO 14 & 15 are assigned to the alternate function UART, these two can be switched back to GPIO to provide a total of 17 GPIO pins[3]. Each of their functions and full details of how to access are detailed in the chipset datasheet [4].
Each GPIO can interrupt, high/low/rise/fall/change.[5][6] There is currently no support for GPIO interrupts in the official kernel, howewer a patch exists, requiring compilation of modified source tree.[7]
GPIO input hysteresis (Schmitt trigger) can be on or off, output slew rate can be fast or limited, and source and sink current is configurable from 2 mA up to 16 mA. Note that chipset GPIO pins 0-27 are in the same block and these properties are set per block, not per pin. See GPIO Datasheet Addendum - GPIO Pads Control. Particular attention should be applied to the note regarding SSO (Simultaneous Switching Outputs): to avoid interference, driving currents should be kept as low as possible.
The available alternative functions and their corresponding pins are detailed below. These numbers are in reference to the chipset documentation and may not match the numbers exposed in Linux. Only fully usable functions are detailed, for some alternative functions not all the necessary pins are available for the funtionality to be actually used.
There is also some information on the Tutorial on Easy GPIO Hardware & Software.
Kernel boot messages go to the UART at 115200 bit/s.
Header Pinout, top row:
Pin Number | Pin Name | Hardware Notes | Alt 0 Function | Other Alternative Functions |
P1-02 | 5V0 | Supply through input poly fuse | ||
P1-08 | GPIO 14 | Boot to Alt 0 -> | UART0_TXD | ALT5 = UART1_TXD |
P1-10 | GPIO 15 | Boot to Alt 0 -> | UART0_RXD | ALT5 = UART1_RXD |
Header Pinout, bottom row:
Pin Number | Pin Name | Hardware Notes | Alt 0 Function | Other Alternative Functions |
P1-01 | 3.3 V | 50 mA max current draw | ||
P1-03 | GPIO 0 | 1K8 pull up resistor | I2C0_SDA | I2C0_SDA |
P1-05 | GPIO 1 | 1K8 pull up resistor | I2C0_SCL | I2C0_SCL |
Colour legend |
Ground, 0V |
Do not connect |
KiCad symbol: File:Conn-raspberry.lib
Pin 3 (SDA0) and Pin 5 (SCL0) are preset to be used as an I²C interface. So there are 1.8 kilohm pulls up resistors on the board for these pins.[9]
Pin 12 supports PWM.
It is also possible to reconfigure GPIO connector pins P1-7, 15, 16, 18, 22 (chipset GPIOs 4 and 22 to 25) to provide an ARM JTAG interface.[10] However ARM_TMS isn't available on the GPIO connector (chipset pin 12 or 27 is needed). Chipset pin 27 is available on S5, the CSI camera interface however.
It is also possible to reconfigure GPIO connector pins P1-12 and 13 (chipset GPIO 18 and 21) to provide an I2S (a hardware modification may be required[11]) or PCM interface.[12] However, PCM_FS and PCM_DIN (chipset pins 19 and 20) are needed for I2S or PCM.
A second I²C interface (GPIO02_ALT0 is SDA1 and GPIO03_ALT0 is SCL1) and two further GPIOs (GPIO05_ALT0 is GPCLK1, and GPIO27) are available on S5, the CSI camera interface.
A note about GPIO vs the schematic
You may notice that the GPIO connector as documented in the schematic does NOT match with what is on this wiki page. Do NOT update this wiki page. The pins which are marked as DNC should not be used in order to be compatible with possible future designs. The plan is that if a new design comes along and if the layout permits it we will connect additional GPIO pins to those DNC pins. (Gert's first vote is for GPIO 19 and 20. That gives us the second PWM, second SPI, I2S/PCM, slave I²C and slave SPI.)
Referring to pins on the Expansion header
The header is referred to as "The GPIO Connector (P1)". To avoid nomenclature confusion between Broadcom signal names on the SoC and pin names on the expansion header, the following naming is highly recommended.
- The expansion header is referred to as "Expansion Header" or "GPIO Connector (P1)"
- Pins on the GPIO connector (P1) are referred to as P1-01, etc.
- Names GPIO0, GPIO1, GPIOx-ALTy, etc. refer to the signal names on the SoC as enumerated in the Broadcom datasheet, where "x" matches BCM2835 number (without leading zero) and "y" is the alternate number column 0 to 5 on page 102-103 of the Broadcom document. For example, depending on what you are describing, use either "GPIO7" to refer to a row of the table, and "GPIO7-ALT0" would refer to a specific cell of the table.
- When refering to signal names, you should modify the Broadcom name slightly to minimize confusion. The Broadcom SPI bus pin names are fine, such as "SPI0_*" and "SPI1_*", but they didn't do the same on the I²C and UART pins. Instead of using "SDA0" and "SCL0", you should use "I2C0_SDA" and "I2C0_SCL"; and instead of "TX" or "TXD" and "RX" or "RXD", you should use "UART0_TXD" and "UART0_RXD".
Power pins
The maximum permitted current draw from the 3.3 V pin is 50 mA.
Maximum permitted current draw from the 5 V pin is the USB input current (usually 1 A) minus any current draw from the rest of the board.[13]
- Model A: 1000 mA - 500 mA -> max current draw: 500 mA
- Model B: 1000 mA - 700 mA -> max current draw: 300 mA
GPIO hardware hacking
The complete list of chipset GPIO pins which are available on the GPIO connector is:0, 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25
As noted above, GPIO00 and 01 (SDA0 and SCL0) have 1.8 kilohm pull-up resistors to 3.3 V.
If 17 GPIOs aren't sufficient for your project, there are a few other signals potentially available, with varying levels of software and hardware (soldering iron) hackery skills:
GPIO02, 03, 05 and 27 are available on S5 (the CSI interface) when a camera peripheral is not connected to that socket, and are configured by default to provide the functions SDA1, SCL1, CAM_CLK and CAM_GPIO respectively. SDA1 and SCL1 have 1K6 pull-up resistors to 3.3 V.
GPIO06 is LAN_RUN and is available on pad 12 of the footprint for IC3 on the Model A. On Model B, it is in use for the Ethernet function.
There are a few other chipset GPIO pins accessible on the PCB but are in use:
- GPIO16 drives status LED D5 (usually SD card access indicator)
- GPIO28-31 are used by the board ID and are connected to resistors R3 to R10.
- GPIO40 and 45 are used by analogue audio and support PWM. They connect to the analogue audio circuitry via R21 and R27 respectively.
- GPIO46 is HDMI hotplug detect (goes to pin 6 of IC1).
- GPIO47 to 53 are used by the SD card interface. In particular, GPIO47 is SD card detect (this would seem to be a good candidate for re-use). GPIO47 is connected to the SD card interface card detect switch; GPIO48 to 53 are connected to the SD card interface via resistors R45 to R50.
P2 header
The P2 header is the VideoCore JTAG and used only during the production of the board. It cannot be used as the ARM JTAG [14].
Useful P2 pins:
- Pin 1 - 3.3V (same as P1-01, 50 mA max current draw across both of them)
- Pin 7 - GND
- Pin 8 - GND
P3 header
The P3 header, unpopulated, is the LAN9512 JTAG [15].
Driver support
The Foundation will not include a GPIO driver in the initial release, standard Linux GPIO drivers should work with minimal modification.[16]
The community implemented SPI and I²C drivers [17], which will be integrated with the new Linux pinctrl concept in a later version of the kernel. A first compiled version as Linux modules is available to install on the 19/04/2012 Debian image, including 1-wire support[18]. The I²C and SPI driver uses the hardware modules of the microcontroller and interrupts for low CPU usage, the 1-wire support uses bitbanging on the GPIO ports, which results in higher CPU usage.
GordonH[19] wrote a (mostly) Arduino compatible/style WiringPi library in C for controlling the GPIO pins.
Code examples
GPIO Driving Example (C)
Gert van Loo & Dom, has provided some tested code which accesses the GPIO pins through direct GPIO register manipulation in C-code. (Thanks to Dom for doing the difficult work of finding and testing the mapping.) Example GPIO code:
// // How to access GPIO registers from C-code on the Raspberry-Pi // Example program // 15-January-2012 // Dom and Gert // // Access from ARM Running Linux #define BCM2708_PERI_BASE 0x20000000 #define GPIO_BASE (BCM2708_PERI_BASE + 0x200000) /* GPIO controller */ #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <dirent.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <assert.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <unistd.h> #define PAGE_SIZE (4*1024) #define BLOCK_SIZE (4*1024) int mem_fd; char *gpio_mem, *gpio_map; char *spi0_mem, *spi0_map; // I/O access volatile unsigned *gpio; // GPIO setup macros. Always use INP_GPIO(x) before using OUT_GPIO(x) or SET_GPIO_ALT(x,y) #define INP_GPIO(g) *(gpio+((g)/10)) &= ~(7<<(((g)%10)*3)) #define OUT_GPIO(g) *(gpio+((g)/10)) |= (1<<(((g)%10)*3)) #define SET_GPIO_ALT(g,a) *(gpio+(((g)/10))) |= (((a)<=3?(a)+4:(a)==4?3:2)<<(((g)%10)*3)) #define GPIO_SET *(gpio+7) // sets bits which are 1 ignores bits which are 0 #define GPIO_CLR *(gpio+10) // clears bits which are 1 ignores bits which are 0 void setup_io(); int main(int argc, char **argv) { int g,rep; // Set up gpi pointer for direct register access setup_io(); // Switch GPIO 7..11 to output mode /************************************************************************\ * You are about to change the GPIO settings of your computer. * * Mess this up and it will stop working! * * It might be a good idea to 'sync' before running this program * * so at least you still have your code changes written to the SD-card! * \************************************************************************/ // Set GPIO pins 7-11 to output for (g=7; g<=11; g++) { INP_GPIO(g); // must use INP_GPIO before we can use OUT_GPIO OUT_GPIO(g); } for (rep=0; rep<10; rep++) { for (g=7; g<=11; g++) { GPIO_SET = 1<<g; sleep(1); } for (g=7; g<=11; g++) { GPIO_CLR = 1<<g; sleep(1); } } return 0; } // main // // Set up a memory regions to access GPIO // void setup_io() { /* open /dev/mem */ if ((mem_fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR|O_SYNC) ) < 0) { printf("can't open /dev/mem \n"); exit (-1); } /* mmap GPIO */ // Allocate MAP block if ((gpio_mem = malloc(BLOCK_SIZE + (PAGE_SIZE-1))) == NULL) { printf("allocation error \n"); exit (-1); } // Make sure pointer is on 4K boundary if ((unsigned long)gpio_mem % PAGE_SIZE) gpio_mem += PAGE_SIZE - ((unsigned long)gpio_mem % PAGE_SIZE); // Now map it gpio_map = (unsigned char *)mmap( (caddr_t)gpio_mem, BLOCK_SIZE, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED|MAP_FIXED, mem_fd, GPIO_BASE ); if ((long)gpio_map < 0) { printf("mmap error %d\n", (int)gpio_map); exit (-1); } // Always use volatile pointer! gpio = (volatile unsigned *)gpio_map; } // setup_io
GPIO Pull Up/Pull Down Register Example
// enable pull-up on GPIO24&25 GPIO_PULL = 2; short_wait(); // clock on GPIO 24 & 25 (bit 24 & 25 set) GPIO_PULLCLK0 = 0x03000000; short_wait(); GPIO_PULL = 0; GPIO_PULLCLK0 = 0;
GPIO Driving Example (Python)
This uses the Python module available at http://pypi.python.org/pypi/RPi.GPIO Any Python script that controls GPIO must be run as root.
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO # Set up the GPIO channels - one input and one output GPIO.setup(11, GPIO.IN) GPIO.setup(12, GPIO.OUT) # Input from pin 11 input_value = GPIO.input(11) # Output to pin 12 GPIO.output(12, True) # The same script as above but using BCM GPIO 00..nn numbers GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM) GPIO.setup(17, GPIO.IN) GPIO.setup(18, GPIO.OUT) input_value = GPIO.input(17) GPIO.output(18, True)
GPIO Driving Example (Java)
This uses the Java library available at http://code.google.com/p/rpi-gpio-java/. Any Java application that controls GPIO must be run as root.
public static void main(String[] args) { GpioGateway gpio = new GpioGatewayImpl(); //set up the GPIO channels - one input and one output gpio.setup(Boardpin.PIN11_GPIO17, Direction.IN); gpio.setup(Boardpin.PIN12_GPIO18, Direction.OUT); // input from pin 11 boolean input_value = gpio.getValue(Boardpin.PIN11_GPIO17); // output to pin 12 gpio.setValue(Boardpin.PIN12_GPIO18, true); }
GPIO Driving Example (Shell script)
This must be done as root. To change to the root user:
sudo su -
#!/bin/sh # GPIO numbers should be from this list # 0, 1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 # Note that the GPIO numbers that you program here refer to the pins # of the BCM2835 and *not* the numbers on the pin header. # So, if you want to activate GPIO7 on the header you should be # using GPIO4 in this script. Likewise if you want to activate GPIO0 # on the header you should be using GPIO17 here. # Set up GPIO 4 and set to output echo "4" > /sys/class/gpio/export echo "out" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio4/direction # Set up GPIO 7 and set to input echo "7" > /sys/class/gpio/export echo "in" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio7/direction # Write output echo "1" > /sys/class/gpio/gpio4/value # Read from input cat /sys/class/gpio/gpio7/value # Clean up echo "4" > /sys/class/gpio/unexport echo "7" > /sys/class/gpio/unexport
GPIO Driving Example (Shell script - take 2)
You need the wiringPi library from https://projects.drogon.net/raspberry-pi/wiringpi/download-and-install/ once installed there is a new command gpio which can be used as a non-root user to control the GPIO pins.
The man pageman gpiohas full details, but briefly:
gpio -g mode 17 out gpio -g mode 18 pwm gpio -g write 17 1 gpio -g pwm 18 512
the -g flag tells the gpio program to use the BCM GPIO pin numbering scheme (otherwise it will use the wiringPi numbering scheme by default)
The gpio command can also control the internal pull-up and pull-down resistors:
gpio -g mode 17 up
This sets the pull-up ressitor - however any change of mode, even setting a pin that's already set as an input to an input will remove the pull-up/pull-down resistors, so they may need to be reset.
Additionally, it can export/un-export the GPIO devices for use by other non-root programms - e.g. Python scripts. (Although you may need to drop the calls to GPIO.Setup() in the Python scripts, and do the setup separately in a little shell script, or call the gpio program from inside Python).
gpio export 17 out gpio export 18 in
These exports GPIO-17 and sets it to output, and exports GPIO-18 and sets it to input.
and when done:
gpio unexport 17
The export/unexport commands always use the BCM GPIO pin numbers regardless of the presence of the -g flag or not.
If you want to use the internal pull-up/down's with the /sys/class/gpio mechanisms, then you can set them after exporting them. So:
gpio -g export 4 in gpio -g mode 4 up
You can then use GPIO-4 as an input in your Python, Shell, Java, etc. programs without the use of an external resistor to pull the pin high. (If that's what you were after - e.g. a simple push button switch taking the pin to ground)
A fully working example of a shell script using the GPIO pins can be found here: http://project-downloads.drogon.net/files/gpioExamples/tuxx.sh
GPIO Driving Example (C)
This must be done as root. To change to the root user:
sudo su -
You must also get and install the bcm2835 library, which supports GPIO and SPI interfaces. Details and downloads from http://www.open.com.au/mikem/bcm2835
// blink.c // // Example program for bcm2835 library // Blinks a pin on an off every 0.5 secs // // After installing bcm2835, you can build this // with something like: // gcc -o blink blink.c -l bcm2835 // sudo ./blink // // Or you can test it before installing with: // gcc -o blink -I ../../src ../../src/bcm2835.c blink.c // sudo ./blink // // Author: Mike McCauley (email@example.com) // Copyright (C) 2011 Mike McCauley // $Id: RF22.h,v 1.21 2012/05/30 01:51:25 mikem Exp $ #include <bcm2835.h> // Blinks on RPi pin GPIO 11 #define PIN RPI_GPIO_P1_11 int main(int argc, char **argv) { // If you call this, it will not actually access the GPIO // Use for testing // bcm2835_set_debug(1); if (!bcm2835_init()) return 1; // Set the pin to be an output bcm2835_gpio_fsel(PIN, BCM2835_GPIO_FSEL_OUTP); // Blink while (1) { // Turn it on bcm2835_gpio_write(PIN, HIGH); // wait a bit delay(500); // turn it off bcm2835_gpio_write(PIN, LOW); // wait a bit delay(500); } return 0; }
GPIO Driving Example (Perl)
This must be done as root. To change to the root user:
sudo su -
Supports GPIO and SPI interfaces. You must also get and install the bcm2835 library. Details and downloads from http://www.open.com.au/mikem/bcm2835 You must then get and install the Device::BCM2835 perl library from CPAN http://search.cpan.org/~mikem/Device-BCM2835-1.0/lib/Device/BCM2835.pm
use Device::BCM2835; use strict; # call set_debug(1) to do a non-destructive test on non-RPi hardware #Device::BCM2835::set_debug(1); Device::BCM2835::init() || die "Could not init library"; # Blink pin 11: # Set RPi pin 11 to be an output Device::BCM2835::gpio_fsel(&Device::BCM2835::RPI_GPIO_P1_11, &Device::BCM2835::BCM2835_GPIO_FSEL_OUTP); while (1) { # Turn it on Device::BCM2835::gpio_write(&Device::BCM2835::RPI_GPIO_P1_11, 1); Device::BCM2835::delay(500); # Milliseconds # Turn it off Device::BCM2835::gpio_write(&Device::BCM2835::RPI_GPIO_P1_11, 0); Device::BCM2835::delay(500); # Milliseconds }
GPIO Driving Example (C#)
RaspberryPiDotNet library is available at https://github.com/cypherkey/RaspberryPi.Net/. The library includes a GPIOFile and GPIOMem class. The GPIOMem requires compiling Mike McCauley's bcm2835 library above in to a shared object.
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using RaspberryPiDotNet; using System.Threading; namespace RaspPi { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { // Access the GPIO pin using a static method GPIOFile.Write(GPIO.GPIOPins.GPIO00, true); // Create a new GPIO object GPIOMem gpio = new GPIOMem(GPIO.GPIOPins.GPIO01); gpio.Write(false); } } }
GPIO Driving Example (Ruby)
This example uses the WiringPi Ruby Gem: http://pi.gadgetoid.co.uk/post/015-wiringpi-now-with-serial which you can install on your Pi with "gem install wiringpi"
MY_PIN = 1 require 'wiringpi' io = WiringPi::GPIO.new io.mode(MY_PIN,OUTPUT) io.write(MY_PIN,HIGH) io.read(MY_PIN)
On the production board[20], the Raspberry Pi Foundation design brings out the MIPI CSI-2 (Camera Serial Interface[21]) to a 15-way flat flex connector S5, between the Ethernet and HDMI connectors. A compatible camera has been discussed as working in tests and is planned for release at a later date.[22].
On the production board, the Raspberry Pi Foundation design brings out the DSI (Display Serial Interface[23]) to a 15-way flat flex connector labelled S2, next to Raspberry Pi logo. It has two data lanes and a clock lane, to drive a possible future LCD screen device. Some smart phone screens use DSI[24].
HDMI-CEC (Consumer Electronics Control for HDMI) is supported by hardware but some driver work will be needed and currently isn't exposed into Linux userland. Eben notes that he has seen CEC demos on the Broadcom SoC they are using.
For more information about HDMI-CEC and what you could do with it on the Raspberry Pi please see the CEC (Consumer Electronics Control) over HDMI article.
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/features-and-requests/easy-gpio-hardware-software/page-3/#p31907
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/384
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/384
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/BCM2835-ARM-Peripherals.pdf
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/384#comment-5217
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/BCM2835-ARM-Peripherals.pdf
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=44&t=7509
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/projects-and-collaboration-general/gpio-header-pinout-clarification/page-2
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/features-and-requests/easy-gpio-hardware-software/page-6/#p56480
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum?mingleforumaction=viewtopic&t=1288.1
- ↑ Forum:Sad about removal of I2S. Why was this change made?
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum?mingleforumaction=viewtopic&t=1288.2
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum?mingleforumaction=viewtopic&t=1536#postid-21841
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=5894
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=5894
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum?mingleforumaction=viewtopic&t=1278.0
- ↑ http://www.bootc.net/projects/raspberry-pi-kernel/
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?p=86172#p86172
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/general-discussion/wiring-for-the-raspberry-pis-gpio
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Raspberry-Pi-Schematics-R1.0.pdf
- ↑ http://www.mipi.org/specifications/camera-interface
- ↑ http://www.raspberrypi.org/forum/projects-and-collaboration-general/complex-camera-peripherials#p72602
- ↑ http://www.mipi.org/specifications/display-interface
- ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_Serial_Interface


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The Polk County Sheriff's Office arrested and charged a South Carolina man with statutory rape of a 15-year-old after the victim's parents reported that he had been having inappropriate contact with their daughter.
Carlos Eduardo Rocha, 31, of Taylors, was also charged Saturday with first-degree sexual exploitation of a minor, disseminating pornographic material to a minor and contributing to the delinquency of a minor.
Rocha is being held in the Polk County Detention Facility in lieu of $175,000 secure bond, and Immigration & Custom Enforcement is placing a detainer hold on him. Rocha has his first court appearance on Wednesday.
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Greenpeace Chile activists aboard inflatables hold banners reading "Out Super Trawlers" and confront the FV Margiris super trawler (aka 'Abel Tasman') in the Port of Valparaiso, Chile. According to the UN, the global industrial fishing fleet is 2.5 times too big for fish stocks to sustain. Yet Parlevliet & Van der Plas, the Dutch company that owns Margiris, receives subsidies from European Union.
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6 Suspicious Pet Food Claims
Be Wary of Pet Food Claims
By Vanessa Voltolina
"All owners want a food that is satisfactory — complete, balanced, palatable, digestible, and safe — for their pets, [but] some are influenced by marketing terms," says Tony Buffington, DVM, PhD, and Professor of Veterinary Clinical Sciences at the Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center.
The labels on pet foods, regulated by the 50 states with advice from the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO), are the only information you'll have to evaluate them. The claims made on labels, including "premium" and "holistic," often resonate with us, but don't necessarily predict quality. Be sure to consult with your veterinarian to determine the best food for your pet, and then consider the validity of these six food claims …
1. Human Grade
The term "human-grade" is deceptive when applied to pet food, warns AAFCO. A human grade food must be under constant FDA supervision, which only exists in the human food supply chain. "[The term] has no legal definition," says Joseph Bartges, DVM, PhD and Professor of Medicine and Nutrition at the University of Tennessee's College of Veterinary Medicine. Many ingredients used in pet food manufacturing are actually suitable for human consumption, [so the term sounds] good and is good marketing, but actually means little."
2. Premium or Gourmet
"Premium has come to mean pet food sold through limited outlets," explains Dr. Bartges. "These foods are assumed to be higher quality with a more fixed formulation." Likewise, gourmet implies higher quality, he says. According to FDA labeling guidelines, however, products labeled "premium" or "gourmet" aren't required to contain any different or higher quality ingredients than regular pet food, nor are they held to any higher nutritional standard. "Again, this is just good marketing," he says.
3. Holistic
Labels on food that tout a "holistic" product may sound promising, especially when there are so many good connotations with this word. Holistic implies that the ingredients contribute to the animal's whole health, and that they are natural and do not contain by-products, says Dr. Bartges. Unfortunately, the term has no official meaning or requirement that differentiates it from "non-holistic" foods.
"Some dry holistic diets still contain processed ingredients such as 'meals,' which are dehydrated proteins," adds Dr. Bartges.
4. Natural and Organic
"Natural" and "organic" are two relatively straightforward food label terms. According to AAFCO, natural refers to any animal, plant, or mineral ingredient that is either unprocessed or subjected to non-synthetic processing such as heat or extraction. Natural products also won't contain any chemically synthetic additives or processing aids.
"Organic is defined as an ingredient that has been produced and handled in compliance with the USDA Natural Organic Program," says Dr. Bartges. While this may sound ideal for your pet, Dr. Bartges points out that "natural" pet foods may still contain synthetic nutrients, such as vitamins, provided they carry a disclaimer such as "made with natural ingredients with added vitamins and minerals."
5. Where's the Beef?
Pet food ingredients are listed in descending order, based on weight. So, while looking for meat in the top three ingredients can be an easy rule of thumb, it may be misleading. Why? Ingredient splitting. This occurs when several varieties of the same ingredient are used, which allow other ingredients to rise to the top of the list. Some brands do this to insinuate their product is high quality with high protein when it actually falls short.
6. Made in…
It may not be the first thing on your mind, but consider where your pet food is made. Is it produced in a manufacturer's own factory, or a facility that makes pet food (or other foods) for various brands? "The only way to find out is to call the company," says Dr. Bartges. For the health and safety of your pet, don't be afraid to pick up the phone and ask the pet food company for details. Often, the customer care phone number can be found on the bag of pet food. And if there is no number to call, you may want to consider what that says about the brand's commitment to quality and customer satisfaction.
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diets higher in corn and chicken by-product meal are the most nutrtious.
Because I have no idea what a meat by-product is, I choose to feed my pet dog food that contains ingredients that I recognize. However, the dog food I get is mostly meat, so I add steamed rice (white or brown) and steamed veggies like carrots, green beans, broccoli, and peas. For breakfast, she may get scrambled eggs with cooked chicken and veggies instead of the store-bought dog food.
How do you figure that??????????????
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NBAA Update #07-27
Monday, July 02, 2007
NBAA Update is the National Business Aviation Association's weekly e-mail newsletter, providing the latest operational, regulatory and political news for the business aviation community. Subscribe for free or review the archives at www.nbaa.org/update. Send your comments about NBAA Update to email@example.com. Send address changes to email@example.com.


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