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Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics Of Quinidine Biology Essay
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The translational sciences aim to transfer results from basic research to the treatment of animals or patients. One of the approaches that could be utilized to achieve this goal is the in vitro - in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) of pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects by using in silico methods presented here, using quinidine as an example. Such methodology, if properly applied, could help to reduce use of animals in pre-clinical research substantially. Results of nine published clinical studies describing the PK (plasma concentration) and PD (QTcB/ΔQTcB) effect, were mimicked by the combination of the IVIVE platform Simcyp (pharmacokinetics prediction) with the ToxComp (cardiac effect prediction) system, based exclusively on in vitro data. The results show that reliable QT prediction as a manifestation of the clinical effect using the mechanistic IVIVE of the PK and PD effects is possible. This can be considered a proof-of-concept that also could be applied as a drug safety evaluation procedure.
The scope of translational science ranges from a general description of the drug and medical device development process from bench to bedside, through translating research into practice, culminating in the complex approach where the multidisciplinary collaboration of translational science accelerates the specific scientific application (Wolf, 2008; Zerhouni, 2005). Translation science divides the drug development process into a series of incremental steps (http://www.tuftsctsi.org). Regardless of the translational step under consideration, all the stages contribute to a more effective use of the available information; and thus an efficient transfer of the developed therapies from the bench to the bedside. In vitro - in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) of the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects, utilized with the use of the developed in silico methods, provides a model-based drug development method which facilitates progression to the bedside end-point (Lalonde et al., 2007). PK and PD models used in this study are mechanistic models working exclusively on the in vitro data, therefore no clinical study data was used at the results simulation level to fit parameters and improve the prediction. The mechanistic models are widely utilized in the 'PK arena' and are becoming more prominent in the 'PD arena' and vital areas of toxicology and drug safety (Marshall et al., 2006). This study unites the concepts of PK and PD mechanistic modeling and simulation to highlight the importance of assessing drug effect and safety in the preliminary phases of the drug development process. The IVIVE application approach necessitates the provision of three data sets: 1) drug related (ADME processes and activity), 2) system data (describing population and variability of the chosen parameters), and 3) simulated trial design (Rostami-Hodjegan and Tucker, 2007). The IVIVE methodology is a robust evaluation tool which assesses inter-individual variability, based on the virtual population characteristics, in the population study group.
To assess the application value of the described approach, quinidine was selected as the model drug in the virtual study. The study endpoints covered the parent compound and its main metabolite, 3-OH quinidine plasma concentration from the pharmacokinetic side. Either QTc interval or the drugs triggered change as compared to the baseline (ΔQT/ΔQTc) were used as the pharmacodynamics effect descriptors. This pharmacodynamic effect dictates that drug cardiac safety should be regarded as a pivotal focal point of this study. Pre-clinical studies routinely use in vitro approaches to assess cardiac safety, however non-rodent species (e.g. dogs, monkeys) are commonly used in the assessment procedure. This study proposes a novel concept based on a combination of the mechanistic PBPK/PD modeling and simulation to predict the cardiac effects of drugs and thus help to incorporate the 3Rs concept into practice, either by waiving or reducing animal studies.
Aim of the study
The aim of this study was to exclusively use available in vitro data to simulate the in vivo effects of drugs. Both arms of the clinical study, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, were mimicked. The focus of the study was to assess the inter-individual variability and to establish accurate simulation methodology.
Materials and Methods
A wide literature search to find papers describing combined pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of quinidine was implemented. The study inclusion criteria were: a) Caucasian healthy volunteers, b) availability of information about the quinidine pharmacokinetics, ideally presented as a drug plasma concentration change in time, c) PD results presented as QT/QTc or ΔQT/ΔQTc (regardless of the correction type) thus comparable with the simulation outputs. Nine papers fulfilling such conditions were identified and used for the study (Belz et al., 1982; Ching et al., 1991; El-Eraky and Thomas, 2003; Fieldman et al., 1977; Kaukonen et al., 1997; Laganiere et al., 1996; Min et al., 1996; Olatunde and Price Evans, 1982; Shin et al., 2007). Characteristics of the clinical studies derived from the identified papers are presented in Table .
Table 1
When applicable, data from the selected manuscripts were used directly or were derived from the graphs after digitization. The latter was derived using the GetData Graph Digitizer tool (http://www.getdata-graph-digitizer.com).
Simulation study
All simulations were implemented using two complementary pieces of software - Simcyp platform version 12 for the in vitro - in vivo extrapolation of the ADME processes (www.simcyp.com) and ToxComp version 1.6 (www.tox-portal.net) for the cardiac effect prediction.
The Simcyp Population-based Simulator streamlines drug development through the modeling and simulation of pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) in virtual populations. The Simcyp Simulator is the platform for the prediction of pharmacokinetic outcomes in clinical populations with the use of the human physiology, genetics and epidemiology information. Integration of this information with in vitro data allows the prediction of PK drug behavior in 'real-world' populations. The Simcyp Simulator can also identify key pre-clinical data requirements, which are extremely valuable for redefining and optimizing early drug development processes and procedures.
ToxComp is a user-friendly, systems biology driven, modeling and simulation based platform for the proarrhythmic potency assessment of chemicals at the population level. The system utilizes the in vitro - in vivo extrapolation approach, thus by default the input data comes from the in vitro ionic currents inhibition studies (Polak et al., 2012c). The model describing the electrophysiology of the human left ventricular cardiomyocyte, applied in the current study, was based on the work reported by ten Tusscher, with minor modifications (ten Tusscher et al., 2004). The reasoning behind this selection was that the majority of the data used for the model development was of human origin (Niederer et al., 2009). The ToxComp system contains a module for the virtual population development which is subsequently used as a basis for the simulation. Randomly picked individuals carry unique demographic and physiological characteristics, the specific parameters include inter alia: cardiomyocyte area, electric capacitance and volume (all parameters are age dependent), ions plasma concentration, left ventricle heart wall thickness and heart rate with the latter following the circadian rhythm (Polak and Fijorek, 2012; Polak et al. 2012a). An additional parameter is a genetic status described by the potential modification of the hERG potassium channel gating parameters (Glinka and Polak, 2012). Stable version 1.2 is currently available at www.tox-comp.net either for download or for a live run. This version of the platform is freely available and distributed under the GNU GPLv3 license.
Pharmacokinetic simulation preceded the heart electrophysiological simulation and during the latter simulation the same group of individuals, carrying the demographic and physiological parameters, were involved in the drug pharmacodynamics simulation together with the predicted drugs plasma concentration for all virtual individuals involved in the study.
Input data and modeling assumptions
The utilized drug related input data includes two elements - the in vitro information, describing the ADME processes used to run the Simcyp simulation, and the in vitro data describing various cardiac ionic currents inhibition. For the PK simulation, default quinidine (parent) and 3-OH quinidine (main metabolite) compound files were utilized. The major ADME parameters are listed in Table and their values are presented in the Supplementary materials.
Table 2
The in vitro inhibition of various cardiac ionic currents were taken from the literature. If this data was not available it was predicted with the previously developed and described QSAR models (Polak et al., 2012b; Polak et al., 2012d; Polak et al., 2012e, Wisniowska et al. 2012). It was assumed, and confirmed, in a subsequent QSAR based simulation that 3-OH quinidine carries the ionic currents inhibition activity. As multiple results from various sources were available those best mimicking the human physiology were selected. The IC50 and n values are the parameters of the Hill equation which were used for the concentration - inhibitory effect scaling, to account for the drugs triggered ionic currents modifications. The specific equation, part of the ten Tusscher model, describing current of interest was multiplied by the inhibition factor calculated with the use of the Hill equation [Equation ].
IC50 - concentration responsible for the 50% inhibition of the ionic current
n - Hill equation parameter
DRUG CONCENTRATION - active drug concentration [µM]
Total inhibition was a sum of inhibitions triggered by both drugs - quinidine and its metabolite.
Table presents the relevant information for both drugs.
Table 3
The above listed input parameters, which were used to feed the appropriate QSAR model, were selected to match the parameters used during the measurement of different currents. It was assumed that neither quinidine, nor its main active metabolite 3-OH quinidine, does not influence the human physiological parameters including plasma ions concentration and heart rate. Two different scenarios were tested where either the total, or unbound, concentrations of both compounds were used for the cardiac electric effects simulation and compared with the clinically observed data for the pharmacodynamics endpoints. For all virtual studies the sampling time points were repeated as in the simulated clinical study. If the time of day the study commenced was provided, the simulation was set to start at the same time. In all other situations the virtual study was assumed to start at 8:00 a.m.
Output and data analysis
The results were presented in the form of the observed versus predicted graphs for the pharmacokinetic (drug plasma concentration) and pharmacodynamic (either QTc or ΔQTc with Bazzet correction applied or both where applicable) effects. The goodness of prediction measures included absolute RMSE (absRMSE - root mean squared error over difference between maximal and minimal observed value currently analyzed), Pearson correlation coefficient r and Rescigno ξ2 index in accordance with the formula presented in Equation (Rescigno, 1992).
Equation .
ωj - weight (for this study assumed to be 1)
cr(tj) - observed value (i.e. plasma concentration) in time t
cx(tj) - predicted value (i.e. plasma concentration) in time t
The latter measure is commonly used during the results analysis of bioequivalence studies but was applied in this study as a useful measure enabling the two curves' comparison (in this case - predicted and observed for quinidine concentration and QTc/ΔQTc change over time).
Results presented in Figure . contain data from all studies presented together as a comparison. The observed vs. predicted graph for quinidine plasma concentration (all studies) is linked with the appropriate goodness of prediction measures. Please refer to the Supplementary materials for the individually presented, detailed results containing additional set of information.
Figure 1
Figure presents the ΔQTcB and QTcB simulation results (5 and 6 studies respectively) compared with observed values presented in a similar format as above.
Figure 2
The clinical endpoints were directly compared with the predicted values for all time points characteristic of the clinical studies protocols. Figure presents a comparison between the observed and predicted ΔQTc calculated values based on the free and total compound concentrations.
Figure 3
The current study was conducted to test the ability of simulating the in vivo activity of drugs based exclusively on the in vitro data, mimicking both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic arms of the clinical study. According to this assumption, the simulation results are presented as both the plasma concentration and QTc/ΔQTc change over time. It is worth noting that the endpoint choice for particular simulated study depends exclusively on the data presented in the original paper. Comparison between the predicted and observed values of the heart rate corrected QT intervals gives more information relating to the quality of the human left ventricular myocyte electrophysiology model and its ability to mimic human electrophysiology. ΔQTc is more model independent and gives information about the ability of the model to react on the factors influencing the QT lengths (in our case - drugs).
Considering that both systems, namely Simcyp for the PK simulation and ToxComp for the PD simulation, utilized no in vivo clinical data, with the exception of the 3-OH quinidine CLpo value which could be replaced either by the whole organ metabolic clearance scaled from the in vitro systems or in vitro measured enzyme kinetics, the obtained results are consistent with the clinically observed data. Analysis of the clinical study results shows one characteristic feature, namely the high heterogeneity of the results even for the studies with relatively similar protocols. The observed differences could be a result of the various analytical methods applied, sampling times etc. and may not necessarily reflect the real variability. This is an important factor influencing the predictiveness of the applied methods which have a tendency to under-predict the clinical results. Such an effect is not obvious for the PK endpoint prediction (plasma concentration) and ΔQTc from the PD perspective but it seems to be systematic for the QTc measure. The explanation for this difference lies in the characteristics of the model used to describe the human cardiac myocytes electrophysiology which tends to under predict the cardiomyocyte action potential duration. This was accounted for at the ToxComp system planning level where focus was put on mimicking the human situation, the ten Tusscher approach offered a suitable model. However, there are novel models based exclusively on the human data which can help with the under-prediction issue and their application is planned for the future (O'Hara and Rudy, 2011).
As previously mentioned, the verification of viable simulation methodology was one of the additional study goals. The author is confident that this is the first published study where the utilized methods and techniques were applied in parallel. From a practical perspective, the main concern is applying an accurate operational drugs concentration. There are two major elements which need to be considered - drug target (plasma concentration is a surrogate for the drug meeting the ionic channels in the heart) and binding (free or total concentration). The extracellular water in the heart tissue is regarded as the drug target and hence the preferred location for measuring the active drug concentration. However, considering that the vascular wall is not an efficient barrier, the measurement of plasma drug concentration is a realistic and acceptable surrogate. There are some drugs (physico-chemical character) and/or pathophysiological (i.e. arteriosclerosis triggered changes in the vascular wall permeability) related factors which could potentially influence the balance and change the plasma-to-heart tissue extracellular water concentration ratio. Moreover, of greater importance from the in silico realized in vitro - in vivo extrapolation perspective is the use of the unbound drugs as the active one (driving the pharmacological effect). In this study both options, total and unbound plasma concentrations, were tested and the results are presented. The quality of prediction assessed, based on a visual check and the goodness of prediction measures analysis, is more accurate for the free plasma concentration study arm. Graphical inspection demonstrates that for the free concentration setup either most (ΔQTcB) or all of the QTcB values for the various time points only deviate +/-20% from the identity line range. Simulations run in parallel using the total plasma concentration as the operational concentration, significantly over-predicted the cardiac effect. As this cannot be considered as proof, additional analysis was performed where the observed PD endpoints were directly compared with the predicted values for all time points characteristic of the clinical studies protocol. The graphs presented in Figure verify the hypothesis and show the problems associated with the suitable mimicking of the effect over time curve shape. For the ElEraky study it could be noted that switch from free to total concentration results in drastic increase of the predicted ΔQTc values. Considering relatively low drugs concentration values, an increase of these values results in the significantly larger IKr current inhibition as compared with higher concentrations observed in other studies as the concentration points lie on the slope of the Hill equation where maximum in vitro effect change is observed. This is subsequently transferred to the simulation and results in a large difference between the free and total concentrations scenarios. Similar effect can be observed for the Olatunde study where the concentrations are comparable to those from the work of El-Eraky. There is up to 30 ms of difference in the ΔQTc between free and total scenarios although it is connected with the underprediction of the plasma concentration in the Olatunde study which aligns and mitigates the PD effect and makes it less spectacular.
The obvious elements which can significantly influence the final results are the in vitro currents inhibition parameters. In this study a mixture of measured and predicted IC50 values were utilized. The predicted IC50 values, by default, are biased by the QSAR model error, but even if we consider the superiority of the measured over predicted values it still can be a source of uncertainty. It is mainly because of the lack of standard settings for the in vitro current inhibition studies which generates multiple results depending on the cell line, temperature and other settings applied (Polak et al., 2012e). Methodology applied in this work, where the in vitro studies best matching the human physiology were chosen, falsely minimizes the potential negative influence on the calculated endpoint but still may result in subsequent mis-prediction. It would be highly recommended to apply standard methodology for the in vitro measurements what could help to minimize the inter-lab differences in the obtained results and allow for reliable in vitro - in vivo scaling. In the current study HEK cells and currents measured in the physiological temperature were chosen as the standard in vitro system and the results were directly transferred to mimic the in vivo situation. It would be desirable to develop a standard in vitro system, possibly based on the results from human cardiomyocytes and then the application of scaling factors allowing for direct comparison with the results obtained with use of other cellular systems. This presented problem indicates also a need for widening of the measured membrane currents disrupted by the drugs. The additional currents which should be assessed include potassium (IKs), sodium (INa) and calcium (ICa) as potentially the most important from a drug safety assessment point of view.
One of the focal points of the study was to assess whether the set of IVIVE systems utilized is able to recover the inter-individual variability. The results are in general satisfactory however in this situation systems tend to slightly under predict the plasma concentration and to the higher degree the QTc values. A viable explanation for this under-prediction can lie both in the data defining the physiological parameters used during the virtual population random pick, in addition to the characteristics of the clinical studies. One of the most important factors would be plasma ion concentrations which undergoes diurnal fluctuation this was not accounted for during the simulation. Secondly the left ventricular heart wall thickness measurement used in this study was taken from the model proposed by Sjögren over 40 years ago and since then the quality of the analytical methods used for the wall thickness measurement changed significantly (Sjögren, 1971). It could be also expected that the intracellular ions concentration differs between individuals although such a factor was not considered due to the lack of data and a constant value was used. Additionally there is a 30 year period between the first (1977) and the last (2007) relevant study, in which time the healthy volunteers inclusion/exclusion criteria could have changed, which will subsequently influence the 'real' versus 'virtual' individual characteristics.
It is known that quinidine can influence the beta-adrenergic system and subsequently modify the heart rate (Darbar et al., 2001). There are other physiological parameters affecting the ECG characteristics which are likely to be modified by drugs. For example, the plasma ions concentration, which following the circadian rhythms can be also disrupted by administrated drugs (Sennels et al., 2012). The fact that none of these effects was considered during this study should be considered. This is however a direct consequence of the main study assumption - to utilize the in vitro data exclusively. All additional information regarding the drug-physiology relationship, regardless of the source (i.e. first-in-human studies), could be implemented and thus improve the - already accurate - predictiveness.
According to the ICH guidelines for drug studies, cardiac safety testing in animal models are widely utilized during the testing phase (ICH S7B, 2005). This study proposes a novel concept based on a combination of the mechanistic PBPK/PD modeling and simulation which could prove invaluable in the prediction of the cardiac effects of drugs and thus help to incorporate the 3Rs concept into practice by waiving the current animal studies. The presented results illustrate that reliable QTc and ΔQTc prediction by the combination of the mechanistic IVIVE of the PK and PD effects. It can be considered as a proof-of-concept that could also be applied as a reliable drug safety evaluation procedure.
I'd like to acknowledge Dr. Ruth Clayton from Simcyp Ltd. for professional help during manuscript preparation and Prof. Amin Rostami-Hodjegan from School of Pharmacy, University of Manchester, UK for his advice and comments on the manuscript.
Project financed by Polish National Center for Research and Development LIDER project number LIDER/02/187/L-1/09.
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Correspondence address
Sebastian Polak, PhD
Unit of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
E-mail: email@example.com
Tel.: 0048126205517
Fax: 0048126205519
Table . Characteristics of the clinical studies data used for the simulation.


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– Can you type? Can you type fast?
Freelance Typing Job Resources
– Same as above – correct, quick typing can land you this type of money making job from home.
Online Data Entry Work
– This covers so many options. Typing skills required.
Assembly and Craft Work at Home
– If you're crafty and creative, like working with your hands, this could be your money maker.
Starting Your Own Blog
– I am proof and so are thousands of other moms on the net – that you can make an income with a blog.
Clerical Work and Data Entry Work
– Small companies sometimes can't hire full time staff people, so they outsource jobs.
Selling Purses or Having a Purse Party
– I am a purse freak. One of my weaknesses. Making money selling purses – even better.
Online Proofreader
– Again – the internet has opened doors for proofreaders. They are in demand if they are good at what they do.
Making Money on eBay
– eBay is still a money making giant. There are so many people making a full time income with eBay – why not you?
Selling Items With Consignment Shops
– Yes – you can sell items online, but you could also open your own local shop. Look at Plato's Closet – huge consignment franchise that is very popular and successful.
Virtual Secretary
– Lots of entrepreneurs out there need a right hand man/woman. Though you will work at home – could be travel perks if you get lucky and like that idea.
Community Greeting Service
– I love the idea of running a welcome wagon type business.
Personal Shopper
– I couldn't do this type of job, but some people like my friend Alicia, love shopping and have killer taste. I would think there would be perks with this kind of job too.
Starting Your Own Web Site
– Much like starting your own blog – but an actual website. Find your niche, build an audience and you're on your way.
Gift Basket Business
– The gift basket business is a HUGE one, even in this crappy economy.
Mobile Bartender
– Weddings are pretty recession proof and they almost always server alcohol at them. Not to mention other events.
Referral Service
– Heard of Angie's List? Or Service Master? High money making businesses.
Booklet Writing for Profit
– With Kindles, iPads and Nooks – you better believe people are profiting off writing little, helpful ebooks.
Freelance Writing
– I do this for a living now and enjoy it. I am always researching and writing articles and love it. It's flexible and profitable.
Answering Service
– There will always be a need for this type of service. Doctor's offices, real state offices….
Genealogy Research Service
– History buffs and the curious will love this type of work.
Medical Billing
– With all the health issues the USA faces – more people are seeing doctors than ever before. Insurance companies are overwhelmed and so our doctor's – being trained and having experience in this field could mean a nice full time career.
Start Your Own Daycare
– Most families have both parents working – day care is just a reality of our society.
Crafting For Profit
– Pottery, painting and more. The artistic can profit.
Selling Avon – Yes….be an Avon Lady!
– I personally sell Avon and I make over $1,000 a month doing so.
Kid Business Ideas
– Kids are into making money as well. And what a great way for them to learn about business.


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Capitol Recap
Maryland Boosts K-12 Budget 2.5 Percent in Recent Session
Democrat |
Senate: 33 Democrats 14 Republicans |
House: 104 Democrats 36 Republicans 1 Independent |
Enrollment: 851,000 |
|Maryland| The $31.5 billion state budget for fiscal 2010 approved by Maryland lawmakers in their recently concluded session includes a 2.5 percent increase for K-12 education, bringing the total for that portion of the budget to $5.4 billion.
About $260 million of the education budget is new funding for school construction. The state's first public residential school for at-risk youths, the seed School, received funding of $5.4 million, a $2.7 million increase from the previous year. The school opened in August 2008 with 80 students and expects to double its enrollment by this coming fall.
The new budget eliminated 36 vacant education positions, saving about $2 million.
Vol. 28, Issue 30, Page 17
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Search Publications
Steve Reich: New Double Sextet HPS is Award Winner
(June 2011)The new Hawkes Pocket Score for Steve Reich's Double Sextet recently won a Paul Revere award in publishing excellence for graphic excellence in a Full Score, Maggie Heskin was the Editor.
There are two identical sextets in Double Sextet. Each one is comprised of flute, clarinet, vibraphone, piano, violin and cello. Doubling the instrumentation was done so that, as in so many of my earlier works, two identical instruments could interlock to produce one overall pattern. For example, in this piece you will hear the pianos and vibes interlocking in a highly rhythmic way to drive the rest of the ensemble.
Steve Reich
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> Further information on Double Sextet
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American composer who combined classical and jazz in works like West Side Story and On the Town


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Tribal Print Kimono
Was $55.95
Now $26.95 (52% off)
Get this funky tribal print kimono in time for those summer festivals. In a silky feel fabric and featuring a vivid orange, white blue and black print we're teaming this longline beaut over denim shorts and a crop top to complete the look.
Approx length 113cm/44.5" (Based on a UK size 8 sample)
Mixed fibres
Joanna wears a UK size 8/ EU size 36/ US size 4 and her height is 5'7"


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CLAT Legal-Aptitude: Questions 67 - 70 of 1064
Get 1 year subscription: Access detailed explanations (illustrated with images and videos) to 1064 questions. Access all new questions we will add tracking exam-pattern and syllabus changes. View Sample Explanation or View Features.
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A. A minor is a person who is below the age of eighteen. However, where a guardian administers the minor's property the age of majority is twenty-one.
B. A minor is not permitted by law to enter into a contract. Hence, where a minor enters into a contract with a major person, the contract is not enforceable. This effectively means that neither the minor nor the other party can make any claim on the basis of the contract.
C. In a contract with a minor, if the other party hands over any money or confers any other benefit on the minor, the same shall not be recoverable from the minor unless the other party was deceived by the minor to hand over money or any other benefit. The other party will have to show that the minor misrepresented her age, he was ignorant about the age of the minor and that he handed over the benefit on the basis of such representation.
Ajay convinces Bandita, a girl aged 18 that she would sell her land to him. Bandita's mother Chaaru is her guardian. Nonetheless Bandita, without the permission of Chaaru, sells the land to Ajay for a total sum of rupees fifty lakh, paid in full and final settlement of the price. Chaaru challenges this transaction claiming the Bandita is a minor and hence the possession of the land shall not be given to Ajay. Thus Ajay is in a difficult situation and has no idea how to recover his money from Bandita.
Question number: 67 (1 of 5 Based on Passage) Show Passage
Chaaru is justified in challenging the sale transaction because:
Choice (4) | Response | |
a. | Bandita is of unsound mind and is not in a position to make rational decisions. | |
b. | Though Bandita is eighteen-year-old, she will be treated as a minor, as Chaaru is her guardian. | |
c. | Though Bandita is eighteen-year-old, she cannot sell the land without the permission of her mother. | |
d. | Though Bandita is eighteen-year-old she should not be treated like a person who has attained the age of majority. | |
Question number: 68 (2 of 5 Based on Passage) Show Passage
In order to defend the sale, Bandita will need to show that
Choice (4) | Response | |
a. | Bandita has attained the age of majority. | |
b. | Bandita is mature enough to make rational decisions regarding her own affairs. | |
c. | The sale transaction was beneficial to her interest and will enhance her financial status. | |
d. | None of the above | |
Question number: 69 (3 of 5 Based on Passage) Show Passage
Ajay can be allowed to recover the money only if he can show that:
Choice (4) | Response | |
a. | He was an honest person who had paid the full price of the land to Bandita. | |
b. | He was deceived by Bandita who misrepresented her age. | |
c. | He honestly believed that Bandita was empowered under the law to sell the land. | |
d. | None of the above | |
Question number: 70 (4 of 5 Based on Passage) Show Passage
Which of the following is correct?
Choice (4) | Response | |
a. | If Ajay is allowed to recover the money, that will defeat the law framed for protecting the minors against fraudulent persons. | |
b. | If Ajay is not allowed to recover that will cause him injustice as he has not paid off the entire sale price. | |
c. | If Ajay is allowed to recover, Chaaru will benefit from both the money and the land. | |
d. | None of the above | |


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Stay cool this summer with this light and comfortable skater dress! Features mini triangle print design, racer back, elastic waist band, button down bodice with front pocket accent. Dress measures at approx. 33 inches over all length. Belt NOT included.
You're reviewing: BLACK WHITE TRIANGLE PRINT RACER BACK SKATER DRESS
© 2017 Lollicouture.com. All Rights Reserved.


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Mar 28, 2017 Registered Nurse RN Emergency Room ER Warm Springs, GA Recent Emergency Room ER experience in a hospital setting. industry IT Consulting/Services experience Not Specified
Mar 12, 2017 RN Registered Nurse Emergency Room Dublin, GA Assess & reassess patient condition. Initiate plan of care. Begin discharge planning on admission. Recognize & report change in condition, evaluate care, update/revise plan of care. Provides patient care. industry Business Services experience Not Specified


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Want to stay on track? UIC Summer Session key dates are displayed in the calendar below or you can view a list of all of the key dates for Summer Session 2017.
Visiting Students: Check out our Summer Session checklists for visiting students and UIUC/UIS students for step-by-step instructions on how to take summer courses at UIC!
Given during the last day of class.
Given during the last day of class.
All UIUC/UIS and Visiting Students can register. Check your Time Ticket for the specific registration time assigned to you.
The last day for visiting students to apply for the 4-week session is May 8, 2015 at 11:59 p.m.
4-week session instruction begins on May 15 and ends on June 9, 2017.
Students who have applied or registered for the 8-week session after June 1 should contact the Summer Session Office for assistance.


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Ask a Pro Q&A: Cash Sale
Welcome to another installment of Ask a Pro! Today we are talking to Karlton Utter, Director of Learning at Better Homes and Gardens® Real Estate, about the process of a cash sale. Q: Just sold my house, cash sale no conditions. Deal closes Nov13 2014. Packing my stuff up leaving
Read more


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In the Game of Clue, players must solve the mystery of who killed Mr. Boddy, what they used to commit the crime, and where this occurred. A similar version of these three questions is something that gluten-free folks are used to finding out. Who prepared the food? What utensils did they use? Where did they prepare it? When I dine out, I'm always sure to remind the ... Read More »
Tag Archives: Gluten free dining
Hide and Seek with Gluten: Where it Hides and how to Avoid it
Every day those of us who are gluten intolerant or sensitive need to read labels and ask questions when it comes to food. Gluten pops up in unexpected places that sometimes even shock me, so it is never safe to assume a dish/product is safe. I have previously written about unexpected sources of gluten, so this article serves as a ... Read More »
National Foundation for Celiac Awareness Addresses Gluten-Free Confusion in the Restaurant Industry
National Foundation for Celiac Awareness Announces gluten-free credentialing to address widespread confusion in restaurant industry New Credentialing Designed to Increase Food Safety Practices for those with Celiac Disease, Gluten Sensitivity and Gluten-Free Nutritional Preferences Ambler, Pa. – April 25, 2012– National Foundation for Celiac Awareness (NFCA), the non-profit organization dedicated to raising awareness and improving the lives of those of ... Read More »
Six Steps to Safe Gluten Free Dining
1. Find a restaurant that can accommodate gluten free meals. Many restaurants are very familiar with gluten free meals or have a gluten free menu. If you are new to gluten free dining, stick to a restaurant where you don't have to explain yourself. There is a list of gluten free restaurants at www.glutenfreerestaurants.org 2. Do your homework ahead of ... Read More »
Stand Up for Your "Gluten-free" Self!
Interesting experience over this past weekend. I went to a restaurant that offers gluten free pizza and buns and inquired with the bartender if they had gluten free beer. He proceeded to inform me that there is no such thing as gf beer because gf beer isn't REAL beer and was a bit jerky about the whole thing. He informed me that he ... Read More »
Enjoy Gluten-Free Dining at Macaroni Grill
Most Italian restaurants are a minefield for gluten-free diners, but now you can add Macaroni Grill to the list of Italian restaurants that are more than accomodating to gluten allergies. Not only does Macaroni Grill offer a gluten-free menu, they also have special menus for those who have Shellfish, Tree Nut, Soy, Egg, and Peanut allergies. So what can you ... Read More »
Gluten free heaven in New York City: Friendly restaurants and bakeries
Although gluten-free eating is not impossible to do in most any restaurant including (but much harder) in Italian settings, there are restaurants and bakeries appearing throughout the City which tailor specifically to the gluten-free crowd. Below is a listing of several of the most talked about places. If you have dined here, or planning to, we would love to hear ... Read More »
Gluten Free Restaurants in and Around Philadelphia
The following restaurants in and around Philadelphia have gluten-free menus or are able to prepare gluten-free cuisine. Looking for a gluten-free restaurant for your next meal? You came to the right place because Philadelphia is fast becoming one of the nation's top destinations for gluten-free cuisine. Due to hard work by the National Foundation for Celiac Awareness and other organizations, ... Read More »


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Medina Ohio
The Olive Tap
What's New
Medina's Public Square and surrounding historic district have been recognized as its cultural, social, commercial, political, and symbolic center since Medina was founded in 1818. This is ever true today as it has been respectfully restored to its original historic charm and significance. The Square is listed on the National Register of Historical Places. We love our products and we are happy to share! Contact us to organize a tasting class in store or at the location of your choice. |
See the map below or call for directions: (330) 721-6500 |


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home gym help
home gym help
Hi my names jonny am 23 n have been.doin.weights for a good few years now.. Unfortunetly due to ma new job ave not been able to.hit the gym as much as a used to...In.order to try and.get.bck into my weights got a bench set.n.dumbells for the house...can.anyone.suggest a could.routine.or diet plan that would allow me to cut my body fat but also if possible bulk up.
Any help appreciated
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Chaparral WMA: Hiking (CWMA)
Phone: (830) 676-3413
Fax: (830) 676-3493
South Texas Ecosystem Project Office
64 Chaparral WMA Dr.
Cotulla, TX 78014
Stephen Lange, Area Manager
Dates Open:
Open year round except closed to the general public when public hunts are conducted. General Public Use is allowed uninterrupted from April 1 through August 31 each spring and summer. Contact area manager for additional dates or special events. Public Hunts are available annually by special permit, regular permit, and annual permit.
Area Biologists: Sarah Resendez, John Clark
Registration is required.
Hiking is an enjoyable activity that is available in many of the Wildlife Management Areas of Texas. Since potable water is not available on many of the Wildlife Management Areas, it is a good idea to bring plenty of drinking water.
Two walking trails, the Camino de Fiero Nature Trail (2.5 miles) and Arena Roja Nature Trail (a half mile) offer visitors the chance to personally experience the South Texas brush country. The Arena Roja Nature Trail is fully ADA accessible. Bring your canteen and watch your step. Exploring the brush country is a dry dusty adventure that can be full of surprises - like diamond backed rattlesnakes.


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Higher education opens up new opportunities to change your life and status.
We want to make the application process as simple as possible for you.
To ensure equality of treatment for students at each stage of their education
The dates for induction, teaching, and assessment for each College term.
Office of Student Complaints, Appeals and Regulations
QAA, Governance and Committee Handbook
Our Wellbeing Team can give you advice and support on a range of issues
Our careers department helps enhance the employability of our students providing key industry skills
Our multimedia Learning Resources Centres provide students with a wide range of facilities
There are lots of opportunities to get involved in exciting activities as a student at GSM London
Our Accommodation Manager is available to all students to provide accommodation support
24/03/2017 Read more >
23/03/2017 Read more >


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Ericdress Unique Hollow Grid Red Bikini Set
Ericdress Casual Halter Plant Print Bikini Set
Here ericdress.com shows customers a fashion collection of current red patent leather clutch.You can find many great items. They all have high quality and reasonable price. You can get big discount sometimes, because we always do promotions. If you need red patent leather clutch,come here to choose. We give you good items and services.
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I just get pretty snuggly...
Your kisses, sweeter than honey. But guess what, so is my money.
To be fair, I usually just end up having four drinks in a half hour or so at the bar, by myself. Getting completely loaded with friends, that might change. I recall once being rather talkative amongst a group of friends until I got tired, at which point I just wanted to sleep.
When I drink, I usually am very talkative and want to do things like dance around or sing, or maybe just take a walk. I'm also very uninhibited about touching other people, usually.
However, I can also become very emotional and make a total ass out of myself.
In all honesty alcohol can sometimes be the physical uninhibited manifestation of someone's inner most being. Truth is more often than not it expresses an underlying mood.
Patterns can manifest themselves and in that case become a staple of who the person may be. Then again we all may be some thing at some time.
In vino veritas. *sp*
I do not like being drunk but a few things I have said while influenced,
1. You know what I've always liked about you?...
2. Anyone want a backrub or footrub?
3. Is there anything you have always wanted to know about me? Now would be a good time to ask.


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The Mutant Virus (NES)
Critic Score
100 point score based on reviews from various critics. ...
User Score
5 point score based on user ratings. |
Not an American user?
In The Mutant Virus you play the part of Ron Trainer, the best of the best at the elite corps of Computer Master Debuggers. And just recently, something has gone terribly wrong. CPI, the Central Programming Institute, controls all the computers in the city which in turn control everything in the city itself. There are some bugs in this system and it's your job to get rid of them and find out how they got there. You will be miniaturized and sent into the computer with a vacine. Gameplay is from an overhead view where you will need to visit all the infected computer systems and use the vacine to contain the virus.Screenshots
Promo Images
There are no promo images for this game
User Reviews
There are no reviews for this game.
Critic Reviews
Top Secret | Jan, 1994 | 80 | |
All Game Guide | 1998 | 40 |
There are currently no topics for this game.
There is no trivia on file for this game.
Servo (55747) added The Mutant Virus (NES) on Oct 12, 2002
Rocket Science:


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It was a stupid move by Hillary Clinton to tell coal producers that she intended to bankrupt them. The reaction from coal workers was intense and immediate. At first she tried to backtrack but then jumped in with both cankles and reiterated her intent to cause miners to lose their jobs. Other union workers in other traditional 'Rust Belt' industries also paid notice to the fact that Democrats intended to place environmental concerns atop their employment status.
That was not the only stupid move on her part, though. She did the same thing, threatening legal gun owners. The National Rifle Association has been on a tear for the last few months about their opposition to Clinton and her threats against gun ownership.
In all the time of her campaign Mrs. Clinton provided almost no policy promises – with the exceptions of the two above. Instead she spent her time on the stump vilifying Donald Trump and anyone who supported him. Even her staff was asking whether she had positions that they could tout.
That is the way to destroy a campaign. And it worked.
"Rank And File Union Members In The Rust Belt Propelled Trump To The White House"
Tuesday's election results sent shock waves across the globe after voters selected President-elect Donald Trump as the 45th president — but the results may not have been as surprising to America's rust belt.
Trump's message on jobs, trade and the economy resonated in battleground states that turned red for the first time in decades."
From the Daily Caller


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Looking for Vigo County IN, arrest records? Interested in a warrant search? If you answered those questions with a "yes", it is time to educate yourself on arrest records and their powers. A document that authorizes the police to legally detain a person even after the investigative process has been completed is called an arrest warrant.
The order is judicial in nature and only a federal or state level criminal court can issue it. The warrant is only issued when the police make a formal request to the magistrate with a sworn statement that outlines case related information.
This is carefully studied before the judge signs the arrest order. However, once an active arrest warrant comes into existence, the person in question cannot escape an arrest. While sometimes the order is not executed immediately, it never loses its powers.
This means that an arrest order stored in the police database as an outstanding warrant also authorizes law enforcement official to take the person, against whom it has been issued, into custody.
Because the Sherriff's Department has access to information on all active and outstanding warrants issued in Vigo County, Indiana, get in touch with them for a warrant search. Initiate contact by calling the records clerk on 812-462-3226 and subsequently visiting their office located at 201 Cherry St, Terre Haute, Indiana 47807. You can also access national arrest records database by filling the form above.
Although there has only been a single digit increase in the rate of crime in Vigo, IN, even today, almost 12 incident reports are filed ever 24 hours and nearly 4300 crimes occur each year. From 1999 to 2008, approximately 43,000 criminal cases were lodged in the county.
What does ring alarm bells is the fact that most criminal occurrences are placed in a one mile radius of the victim's home or office. This means that most cases take place when the victim is closest to a place/ area that he knows well. Although most of the cases registered were matters of robbery and theft with nearly 33,000 incidents, almost 20 homicides and 200 sexual assault cases were also reported.


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What's New Here?Subscribe to RSS feed
Are You Tough Enough Or Do You Need To Watch The Best Motivational Video?
Let me tell you about something you already know. The world ain't all sunshine and rainbows
20 Quotes For Greatness From Paul Coehlo
These are so inspiring I read them twice
"It's the possibility of having a dream come true that makes life interesting." ― Paulo Coelho, Alchemist
"One is loved because ...
Beliefs That Will Really Work For You
We don't have to make it complicated. The simple fact is that our experiences are created by our thinking and feeling patterns. What we believe about ourselves and about life ...
Can You Do Anything? Yes You Can If You Believe!
We've heard all our lives 'You can do anything if you believe' but that is easier said than done. People have tried and it just doesn't work for them. There ...
Go Ahead And Open New Doors In Your Life
Improve the quality of your life in a way that gives you power. You have the opportunity to discover your abilities on how to respond to life. When you connect to your inner self you ...
Quotes For The Present To Live Your Life As The Gift It Is
"Yesterday is gone. Tomorrow has not yet come. We have only today. Let us begin." ― Mother Teresa
"The future depends on what you do today." ― Mahatma Gandhi
"Real ...
25 Ways To Living The Good Life
Try to apply these 25 principles for a good life and you will find a place in this world to live life to the fullest.
Live Today. Past can't be brought back and the ...
Don't Be Afraid Just Take That First Step. You Will Be Amazed How Easy It Is
The story below demonstrates what can happen when fear takes over and prevents you from taking that first step. Usually the only thing to fear is fear itself. Often, it's not ...
Step # 4 – Make Sure You're Running the Right Program.
Focus on what you want, not on what you don't want. We have a tendency to describe our desires
in terms of what we don't ...


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July 22, 2013 - Products
Electronic Funds Source launched its new upgraded interactive interface with McLeod Software's LoadMaster Enterprise dispatch software.
The new interactive interface allows EFS customers who use McLeod's LoadMaster dispatch software to now seamlessly manage and better control their fleets using LoadMaster's screens and system. Carriers have instant visibility and control over their cardholders and their purchases through a centralized interface making training and implementation extremely simple for EFS customers to take advantage of this new high level of integration.
The new EFS interface includes interactive card management providing greater efficiency, security and oversight in managing cardholders and their fuel and cash purchases.
Furthermore, carriers can advance funds to the driver's EFS SmartFundsSM card using McLeod's software system. Additional key features include the ability to auto-block a specific card if the driver is not under dispatch, and the ability to clone a card making the process to issue replacement cards instant, automated and secure which complements EFS' comprehensive reporting and reconciliation packages.
Tags: McLeod Software, EFS
We offer e-newsletters that deliver targeted news and information for the entire fleet industry.
Scott Sutarik from Geotab will answer your questions and challenges
Steve Carlson from Xantrex will answer your questions and challenges
On the Spot: 34th Goodyear Highway Hero Honoree [Video]
On the Spot: Truck Makers Return to MATS for 2017 [Video]
On the Spot: How Tire Vibration Can Impact Fuel Efficiency [Video]
On the Spot: Michelin Tire Care 2.0 [Video]
NeoBrake Offers Lightweight Cast Iron Brake Shoe
Talbert Introduces 55-Ton Extendable Heavy Haul Trailer
Solar Dash Keeps Batteries Charged and Ready
Cooper Offers Smartway Verified Long Haul Tire


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Frenchie BSM »
Frenchie x Trae Tha Truth – Birds & Keys
BSM hip-hop artist Frenchie is set to release his new project "Fukk Fame" soon. Today, Frenchie has linked with Hustle Gang artist Trae Tha Truth for his new single "Birds & Keys". Check out
Read More »Frenchie – So Long
BSM hip-hop artist Frenchie has decided to leak the first track off his upcoming project "Fukk Fame". Before Frenchie's project "Fukk Fame" hits the streets, listen to Frenchie's new single "So Long"
Read More »


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Separate names with a comma.
You have posted a staggering 10,000 messages and have been awarded a Ninja Status Trophy. Keep up the Excellent work!!
3500 posts and still climbing. You're leaving everyone in your dust
1,900 messages? Damn!
1,500 messages? Impressive!
Somebody out there liked one of your messages. Keep posting like that for more!
1,000 messages? Impressive!
You've posted 100 messages. I hope this took you more than a day!
30 messages posted. You must like it here!
Post a message somewhere on the site to receive this.


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With passionate basketball fans gearing up for an exciting tournament season, it's an ideal time for brands to capitalize on these events to reach massive audiences through strategic campaigns. With that in mind, here are three key tips to help marketers win big and engage fans this season.
Peggy Hageman
Dec 01, 2011
Black Friday and Cyber Monday have come and gone, and it seems many shoppers decided to forego the stampedes and fistfights associated with Black Friday and shop from their office chairs on Monday instead. IBM is reporting that it may well have been the strongest Cyber Monday yet with online sales up over last year by 33%, and order value up 2.6%. Another big change: more and more people are doing their shopping via a mobile device such as a smart phone or tablet. Almost 11% of traffic to online retailers was from mobile users. Sales via mobile devices were up as well, from 2.3% last year to 6.6% this year.
Both the Kindle and the Nook were big sellers, which is hardly a surprise. You can't turn on the TV, surf the internet, or read the newspaper these days without seeing an ad for one (or all) of the companies' devices. Amazon and Barnes & Noble have pulled out all the stops for the Christmas season ad campaigns. The Wall Street Journal reported that Amazon says it sold more than four times as many Kindles as they did on Black Friday 2010. While Amazon's not releasing any concrete sales figures (as usual), it's the snazzy new Kindle Fire that's been the top seller according to its website, with the two Kindle Touches currently coming in second and third.
A trend retailers seem to be noticing is people buying more than one e-reader, and are likely keeping one for themselves. With Nook and Kindle both offering basic e-readers as well as higher-end tablets, I wonder which version buyers are keeping for themselves?
it's undeniable, sales are looking really good but once people have their e-readers the big question remains: will people buy ebooks in a consistent manner or will the devices be cast aside after the initial novelty wears off? Are these people readers, or just device-collectors? Amazon and B&N are counting on the future sales of ebooks to off-set the deep holiday discounts on the hardware, but if the general public wasn't buying paperbacks will they buy ebooks once the bloom is off the rose?
Amazon also had almost 1,000 ebook titles listed at bargain prices on Monday (though Amazon is continuing Cyber Monday pricing throughout the week) with many top titles selling well below sticker price, some as low as $2. So what if you want to buy a present for someone who already has an e-reader can you gift an ebook? Yes, you can, and Open Road Media, the digital publisher and multimedia content company, has created several videos showing just how easy it is to gift an ebook, for Kindles, Nooks, and Kobos.
If this year is the e-reader Christmas, let's hope next year it's all about the books.


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Thursday, 9 March 2017
My Happy Meal
35 comments:
Sep sikit! I pun suka makan wanton mee ni PH. Tp yang tak bestnya kadang tu ayam dia sikit. Tak puas hokey! Tamak haloba sungguh kan. Hihi....
ReplyDeleteHigh 5, Phong Hong, I also like pickled chili very much! Whenever I go to wanton mee stall, I also sapu all the pickled chili provided.
ReplyDeleteGood that eating tasty food can make you happy! You can have my chillies too if you are eating with me. Are you sure you can't retire today?
ReplyDeleteMe to wish to retire and get to pursue my hobbies without worry..I guess food is a great way to de-stress.
ReplyDeleteFrom the post title, I initially thought you had McD...haha! :D That wantan mee can make me happy too. Wah, you can really eat cili api....try that with the red ones...and then I'd really take my hat off to you...hehe! ;D Eh, you didn't try the mak chook youself? You should.
ReplyDeleteWow.. Hot Stuff leh.. PH! The cilipadi there is enough to make me blow fire whole day long...hahaha...
ReplyDeleteHi Phong Hong, I do this too, sometimes we have to treat ourselves better not necessary by spending a lot but just by enjoying what we love doing.
ReplyDeleteI agree that good meals can make me happy too. I do like this Annie 1 giving green chillies without limit. They renovated the place and is cooler now with more tables. Today I went to lunch at Tuk Tuk which was full house. My client asked me why I was staring so hard at all the ladies like a Hamsap maniac. I told him I was hunting for Phong Hong!!!!
ReplyDeleteI like wanton noodle for breakfast, seldom take for lunch. Looks like the noodle is a big portion. I love pickled green chilies with wanton noodle. You are a chili padi queen! Ha ha!


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Panini America Peeks Rich Baseball Content in Upcoming 2013 Fathers Day Set (Gallery
Panini America Peeks Rich Baseball Content in Upcoming 2013 Fathers Day Set (Gallery)
May 23rd 2013, 14:00 Over the course of the next few weeks here on The Knights Lance, were going to treat you to a full-scale reveal of Panini Americas 2013 Fathers Day promotional set, but were going to do it a little differently than weve done it in the past. This time, were going to bring the previews to you sport-by-sport, beginning with a complete gallery of the sets baseball content. No matter what youve seen of our 2013 Fathers Day promotion so far, youre guaranteed to see something completely new and exciting below. From must-have RCs of baseballs top rookies and prospects to throwback inserts such as Studio, Team Pinnacle and Museum Collection, theres a lot to like in this set. Below is a gallery of the complete base-card, RC and base-insert baseball lineup. Just wait until you see what kind of memorabilia and autograph inclusions weve got planned. Well share that with you as soon as we have the finished cards. Right now, though, sit back and enjoy the baseball bounty weve assembled for the 2013 Panini America Fathers Day set and stay tuned to The Knights Lance for a sneak peek at our football, hockey and basketball content in the coming days. Panini America Peeks Rich Baseball Content in Upcoming 2013 Father's Day Set (Gallery) | The Official Panini America Blog |
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Hey Ho! Let's Go! Listen up, kids. Rock 'n' Roll High School may have been released way back in 1979 but it still kicks the ass of any of those square MTV movies. Forget about Britney Spears and Mandy Moore's brand of bubblegum pop music and their equally bland movies – they don't hold a candle to the unbridled power of those punk rockers from
Riff Randell (P.J. Soles) is the ultimate Ramones fan. She's introduced gleefully bypassing
Riff dreams of meeting the Ramones and giving them a song she wrote entitled, "Rock 'n' Roll High School." She tries it out on her gym class causing all the girls in their skimpy gym outfits (ah, Corman and his exploitation tendencies) to dance around in what can only be described as the greatest gym class ever.
Riff even camps out for days to get tickets for the Ramones' upcoming concert while her best friend, Kate Rambeau (Dey Young) covers for her by telling the nasty, shrewish Principal Togar (Mary Woronov) that various members of Riff's family have died. Not surprisingly, Togar doesn't fall for it and takes Riff's ticket away, forcing the two girls to find another way to meet their heroes. Meanwhile, good girl Kate has a major crush on the school's quarterback, the bland Tom (Vincent Van Patten), but he has his sights on the dynamic Riff.
The film was originally called Girls Gym, then it was changed to Disco High by Corman, who wanted to capitalize on the disco craze, but was (fortunately) persuaded otherwise by director Allan Arkush. Originally, the filmmakers wanted Devo and then Van Halen before approaching the Ramones. They finally settled on Rock 'n' Roll High School after Arkush convinced Corman that the Ramones were the perfect band for the film. To their credit, the Ramones knew that it was the right move. Guitarist Johnny Ramone was a huge fan of Corman's films and when he heard that the producer was behind the film, he agreed to do it. And the rest, as they say, is history.
Rock 'n'
Shot in only 15 days (which, when you think about it, is entirely appropriate for this kind of film), Rock 'n' Roll High School embodies the essence of the punk rock music that made the Ramones famous. The film is bursting with youthful energy, a dose of good ol' fashion anarchy, and is loads of fun to watch. These are also the ingredients that made Rock 'n' Roll High School a cult film. Corman cannily marketed it as a Midnight Movie in the hopes that the same people who flocked religiously to The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975) would come to see the Ramones. It was a modest commercial success upon its initial release and actually garnered critical praise – very unusual for a cult film. Jay Scott, in his review for The Globe & Mail, wrote, "Neil Young might force parents to dam their ears; The Who could be invited to brunch; but The Ramones – The Ramones can strike four-chord terror into the hearts of good people everywhere. That's what gives Rock 'n'
While Rock 'n' Roll High School will appeal predominantly to fans of the Ramones (duh!), it is also one of those fun, goofy movies to invite friends over and watch with copious amounts of junk food on hand. This film is all about loving music and a particular band unabashedly. Riff gives herself up to the music and this translates into an enthusiastic celebration of the Ramones and the rowdy, rebellious spirit of rock 'n' roll music. Repeated midnight screenings, coupled with steady appearances on TV, have helped the film endure over the years so that is has become a beloved cult classic.


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Bidet toilet attachment was developed for people who care about their personal hygiene but do not have enough space to install a bidet in their toilet room. It is quite compact and can be installed to the existing lavatory bowl.
Attachable bidets for toilets come in different modifications. There are special seats that have to be fixed to the bowl, or metallic water sprayer, mounted to wall or toilet. You can choose the electrical or mechanical device, toilet- or wall-mounted one. It is possible to adjust water temperature and pressure control in accordance with your preferences.
Toilet bidet attachments are easy to install and maintain. They are self-cleaning, so you won't need to cleanse them. Some of the bidet toilet seat attachment are equipped with air dryer and/or seat heater to provide maximum comfort. These devices are operated by remote control.
Using bidet attachment for toilet is really good for health. It is much more hygienic than toilet paper or wet wipes. Thanks to its simple design, even kids, and elderly people can easily use it.
Pictures gallery for Bidet toilet attachment – useful device for personal hygiene, comfort and health:


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Scooby Specialist
Member#: 8037
Join Date: Jul 2001
Location: Mars, PA
Vehicle:1998 2.5RS - black 2iggpoints |
cat back
don't know why i didn't do this before i didn't think it'd make this much of a difference went to mienike to get my axle back piece replaced from backing into a curb at like 5 mph... well the damage was mroe than just the hole in the axle back piece, and the kink in the tube... it actually bent up the exhaust through the entire way back... also in the process the cat got jammed into the heat shield, and snapped my O2 sensor in half so they replaced the whole thing.... (not the O2 sensor) cat back.... (i still am gonna have to replace the midpipe that has a slight kink in it...) but they put in a single piece of tube, 2.25" mandrel bent stainless.... it's perfectly straight back to behind the axle, where it bends up and then bends out 2 bends the entire way back, that's it, they removed the resonator, and it flows sooo much better now, the power increase from 1.75 to 2.25 is phenomenal now i just can't wait till templar's SC kit is done....
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Justin Constantine's background in the Marine Corps and his personal experience as a leader in the private and nonprofit sectors have prepared him to assist the rest of us who lead people on a daily basis. I have seen Justin's strong influence in the veteran community, and as he says, taking care of your people has to be your number one priority. I couldn't agree more. For anyone who wants to become a more thoughtful and effective leader – I urge you to read and explore the many lessons contained in Justin's excellent book, "My Battlefield, Your Office."
Elizabeth Dole
former U.S. Senator, Secretary of Transportation and Secretary of Labor
America holds our veteran in incredibly high measure, and Justin is a perfect example of why we do so. After leading teams with the Marine Corps, the US Chamber of Commerce, and in the nonprofit sector, Justin generously shares with us what it takes to successfully lead people. My Battlefield, Your Office is a must-read book for any manager or supervisor.
Leo Thorsness
Medal of Honor recipient; Colonel, US Air Force; 6-year Prisoner of War
Justin inspires me – not by the magnitude of his injuries sustained in Iraq, but by the depth of his passion to use that experience to motivate himself and others. A superb leader and valued mentor, his message offers all of us valuable lessons in leadership, tenacity, and living a life of purpose.
General Peter Pace
USMC (Retired), 16th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Justin Constantine is a former Marine and attorney and is now an inspirational speaker and leadership consultant. He advises the corporate community on military issues and sustaining employee peak performance. He survived a gunshot wound to the head while serving in Iraq. For his service in Iraq, he earned the Purple Heart, Combat Action Ribbon and Navy-Marine Corps Commendation Medal. Justin retired from the Marine Corps with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel. He is also a senior advisor at the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, where he leads a team focused on employment opportunities for wounded veterans and their caregivers. He also co-founded the Veteran Success Resource Group in 2015, a military nonprofit that provides full spectrum resources for veterans and their families to connect with community businesses, veteran service organizations, government agencies and universities. Justin spoke at our annual leadership conference to approximately 2,000 of our managers and supervisors. Had this book been published then, we would have bought one for everyone there. My Battlefield, Your Office captures Justin's real world experience in way that is educational and a pleasure to read. Chuck Rubin We all benefit when great ideas are shared. Each chapter of My Battlefield, Your Office is powerful in its own way, and Justin provides us with insightful, thoughtful and useful lessons to make us better. Any management team will certainly benefit from reading this book and implementing its lessons and guidance. Bethany Coates Justin deserves our thanks for his service to our country and for providing his leadership lessons from the front lines. My Battlefield, Your Office is a great resource to help managers become leaders. Justin's personal account of his own triumph over tragedy is an absorbing and inspiring story that enhances his key leadership takeaways, making this a 'must read' book. William M. Klepper, PhD My Battlefield, Your Office is an inspiring true story full of courage, commitment and motivation to achieve your best even under the most difficult circumstances. Justin's advice from real life experiences is invaluable to anyone in a leadership position or aspiring to be a leader. If you are looking for inspiration and motivation with down to earth lessons on leadership, then this is the book for you! Bob Nardelli
CEO, Michaels
Assistant Dean, Global Innovation Programs, Stanford Graduate School of Business
Management Professor and Academic Director, Executive Education
Columbia Business School
Founder and CEO of XLR-8 and former Chairman and CEO of Chrysler and Home Depot


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Terrence watching the wight fall into the white out of the snow whisking by his eyes. He wastes no time and scurries across the bridge. He continues his mission in getting the dear old lady back to the carnage. Maybe I'll leave that part out, he thinks to himself.
Meta Ruins of Myvolia
Terrence-Still on the roofs
Hang Around


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Forum topic by Dadoo | posted 03-19-2009 01:37 PM | 2612 views | 0 times favorited | 18 replies |
Apparently after Katrina hit (2006-07), we experienced a shortage of drywall here in America and apparently resorted to buying Chinese drywall. Today they're ripping the crap out. Check out this article I submit for you…FYI. http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/03/18/chinese.drywall/index.html -- Bob Vila would be so proud of you! |
18 replies so far
#1 posted 03-19-2009 02:15 PM |
Dadoo, that article seems to riase more questions than it provides answers. Bob -- A mind, like a home, is furnished by its owner |
#2 posted 03-19-2009 02:47 PM |
first its the kids toys from china, now its their poison sheetrock. I think they're trying to kill us all. Doesn't any one look at the spec sheets before buying anymore? or was the shortage so bad noones had time. I hope it turns oout to be something else. Those poor people dont need to remodel again, do they? at least wait for another hurricane. -- Live by what you believe, not what they want you to believe. |
#3 posted 03-19-2009 02:52 PM |
That's just not right. |
#4 posted 03-19-2009 04:46 PM |
This is no surprise considering how poorly Katrina was handled. I'm sure a lot of standards went down just to try to get people back into homes. Too bad for those people who have already been through enough. -- Don't tell her I'm in the shop! |
#5 posted 03-19-2009 05:37 PM |
It's just another liberal media scare, IMHO. (Don't get in a tizzy, folks. I'm just havin' fun) Lee -- No piece is cut too short. It was meant for a smaller project. |
#6 posted 03-19-2009 07:40 PM |
Ya, another liberal media scare…tell that to the thousands of people that have to rip that inferior crap out of their houses because it's corroding their pipes and wires and killing their appliances….It would seem to me that it's more like a conservative corporation trying to make a better profit on the backs of the American public -- http://www.facebook.com/pages/DSO-Designs/297237806954248 |
#7 posted 03-19-2009 07:50 PM |
Lee: That would appear to be the Germans at this point. Joerg Schanow, a member of Knauf Gips' board, said in a telephone interview with CNN that the Chinese manufacturers named in the suit are part of Knauf Group, but not controlled by Knauf Gips KG. They are ready and able to step up and take a piece of the earnings but apparently none of the blame. Funny how things never change. ;-) Bob -- A mind, like a home, is furnished by its owner |
#8 posted 03-19-2009 08:16 PM |
"Fun" or not, I'm so tired of people here especially calling stuff like this "liberal media scare tactics". Let's leave political agendas away from LJ. It's pretty well known that plenty of people here hate the liberals and they aren't afraid to admit it. This isn't about Liberals, this is as pointed out, about companies being too conservative and wanting to make a bigger profit, no matter what the cost to the end consumer. -- Respect your shop tools and they will respect you - Ric |
#9 posted 03-19-2009 08:24 PM |
This sucks for the homeowners since they really had no control over building materials used. However, if you are a builder it proves that you need to do your research and know what materials you are using. -- He said wood...http://hickbyassociation.blogspot.com/ |
#10 posted 03-19-2009 08:46 PM |
This is pretty much where the thread I started ended up. |
#11 posted 03-19-2009 10:16 PM |
I blame the Republicans!!!! They're old, out of touch, and hate change. HAHAHAHAHA! Why does every topic in the Coffee Lounge turn into politics. I thought it wasn't allowed. It's funny to see topics like Vote and Stimulus Package pop up. I come to LJs to get away from all that crap. let's try to keep this lounge light and fun. Sorry Dadoo for ranting on your post. Great topic. Can someone tell me what exactly is going on with the drywall? Is it molding or rotting or something like that? -- Don't tell her I'm in the shop! |
#12 posted 03-20-2009 01:12 AM |
pullled the humour. bob -- A mind, like a home, is furnished by its owner |
#13 posted 03-20-2009 01:58 AM |
Dadoo's post was about drywall…... I'm sure if Dadoo wanted to go on a political rant he is very capable of doing so. |
#14 posted 03-20-2009 02:01 AM |
I'll be signing off here. -- A mind, like a home, is furnished by its owner |
#15 posted 03-20-2009 05:57 PM |
I apologize to Bob #2. It was not my intention to cause any trouble or hard feelings on Dadoo's thread. |
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New Home › Forum › don't use this one need to sort -Assembly – MPCNC › 3" bolt for Middle Z? › Reply To: 3" bolt for Middle Z?
May 14, 2016 at 3:02 pm #12221
Thanks Barry…the instructions for the Middle Z need a bit of work, a bit of guess work to do.


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Blog posts by Joanna Goodrich
Turning around a culture of care cannot be achieved through a quick fix. It takes courage, because you can't start to improve things without first admitting that you could have been doing things better, says Joanna Goodrich.
Joanna Goodrich considers the impact of NICE's aspirational guidance on the delivery of adult mental health care on patient-centred care.
Joanna Goodrich asks can we really expect to improve services in a way that makes a difference to patients if we don't listen to their experiences?
Stephen Moss, Chair of Mid Staffordshire, spoke at our conference this week about the lessons he had learnt from the 'story of a hospital that lost its way'.


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About Grogan's Towne New 2016-2017 and Used Chrysler Jeep Dodge RAM in Toledo - Serving Maumee, Monroe and Bowling Green, OH
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Whether you are looking for a new or used car or truck, Grogan's Towne is here to help. If you don't see what you are looking for, click on CarFinder and simply fill out the form. We will let you know when vehicles arrive that match your search! If you would rather discuss your options with our friendly sales staff, click on Directions for interactive driving directions. We are conveniently located at 6100 Telegraph Rd, just a stone's throw from Bowling Green, Monroe and Maumee. You can also reach Grogan's Towne any time by filling out our contact form or calling us. The entire staff at Grogan's Towne looks forward to serving you!


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1 Civil society participation in the Ethiopian PRSP process Finnish Aid in a PRS Context Helsinki Workshop 19-22 May 2003
2 Context Extremely poor country – approx 65% pop living in poverty Food crisis increased time pressure on PRSP Post-conflict – donor-govt relations tense, social divisions and sensitivities Following extensive discussion of devt strategy during 2000 elections Previous consultations eg Symposium on Performance of the Ethiopian Economy 2000 Decentralisation process under-way
3 Nature of Ethiopian CS Famines had developed emergency relief approach CS was restricted in 1970s and 80s Rapid growth of NGOs in 1990s CS co-ordination around food emergencies set the tone for collaborative working NGOs and churches play important role in health and education delivery History of advocacy/ engagement with government Independent press growing
4 The interim PRSP April 2000 Prepared in under 2 months solely by govt Based on Second Five Year Devt Programme CS critique that it was simply a collection of devt plans rather than being specifically focused on poverty and lacked alternatives Didnt include detailed plan for consultation process CSOs initially viewed participation in the PRSP with suspicion
5 Government PRSP consultation process Consultations Aug 2001 – Jan 2002, PRSP submitted to IFIs July 2002 Led by Ministry of Economic – Devt and Cooperation (MEDaC), but inter-govt Steering Group Used existing institutional framework – feasible and sustainable 3 tier - national, regional and district levels Discussions held in 115 out of 532 woredas (districts)
6 consultation process contd.. Discussion docs – IPRSP and 2 nd 5 Year Development Programme Stakeholders should have been involved in all levels of the analytical process Participants – political parties, knowledgeable individuals, CSOs, specifically to include most vulnerable groups Independent observers – confirmed free from govt intervention
7 Civil societys engagement with the PRSP Reactive and proactive Official spaces and claimed spaces Started in response to the IPRSP Worked mainly through CRDA Undertook detailed sectoral analysis of IPRSP Thematic working groups – developed sectoral policies Private sector engagement eg sectoral working groups of Chamber of Commerce In-depth analysis of poverty
8 The role of CRDA CRDA network since 1973 famine 200 members – very broad, INGOs and local CSOs listening to the grassroots? Proactive in engaging with govt. Awareness-raising workshops – invited govt reps (but they didnt always attend!) Circulated information on PRSP Analysis and policy formulation workshops > submissions to PRSP Thematic working groups
9 NGO Taskforce Formed June 2001 20 members, chaired by CRDA network monitored consultative process First point of contact with PRSP Steering Committee and negotiated for NGO involvement Co-ordinated CSO views In-depth studies on contributions of NGOs to poverty reduction Encouraged CSOs to participate in consultations developed position papers - NGO position paper on the PRSP - March 2002 workshop 150 people (UN, NGOs, churches etc)
10 Role of INGOs and donors Very high presence of INGOs in Ethiopia INGOs members of CRDA, so activiely involved DFID funded person to work on PRSP in CDRA, participation by pastoralists, NGO Working Group and training of journalists IFIs didnt fulfil their rhetoric of participation
11 Civil society involvement in monitoring Govt stated intention to deepen participation through monitoring Some CS experience of budget monitoring, tracking poverty indicators and monitoring quality of services Challenge of the PRSP – its a vision paper rather than detailed devt plan Service delivery improvements and their impact on poverty to be tracked by CS CS seeking to work in collaboration with govt monitoring plans
12 Conclusions Broad satisfaction of CS with consultation process Unprecedented consultation process – first time without govt moderators, public consultation very new for this government Mainly reactive to govt proposals rather than forging new ones Expectations raised – can they be fulfilled?
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Top Definition
A type of happy-go-lucky behavior only exhibited by Katrinas or Nokas (occasionally chloes). Congegations: smickler, smickles etc..
Katrina was smick pickeling the smickling smicklovich!!!!
by Pisswhisteler
December 06, 2004
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In "Costly Illusions" (published by iUniverse), author Vesna Grudzinski Sutija's new novel, readers join Alexandra as she fights to change her unhappy life.
Alexandra finds herself in an unhappy marriage to Carlos in an unfamiliar land – New York City. As she begins to move out of her comfort zone, hoping to find love and approval, she finds herself in a whirlwind of confusion, rejection and upheaval. She must balance motherhood and her professional responsibilities or risk losing all that she has. With each new chapter, readers witness Alexandra fight her way through the slush that keeps trying to bring her down. Slowly, she begins to change her identity as a woman, mother and professional.
An excerpt from "Costly Illusion":
"Should I be proud of just surviving a loss? Isn't there more to life? I realize that it is not regret for a future void, but rage for not been given the opportunity to try, the opportunity to create freely without having to fight stubbornly for a balance. That's I how felt. It was a constant effort to retain an identity."
"It is my hope that readers see that tough days and tough problems of contemporary existence are survivable and one can win the game despite the temporary setbacks," she says.
Source: PRWEB