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by Suzanne TitkemeyerFound this on NLQ founder Vyckie Garrison's Facebook feed this morning. Chicago Now blogger Sue Fitzpatrick has just published one of the most head-in-the-sand defending TLC's show "19 Kids & Counting" and the Duggar family articles ever published outside of the world of Quiverfull Christianity. For some reason this article is published under the "Unemployment Stories" section of Chicago Now, which is a little odd. I think we can all guess what the author is doing while unemployed, watching those all day all night marathons of "19 Kids & Counting". … [Read more...]
Quoting Quiverfull: Jerks For Jesus Part 2?
by Steven L. Anderson of the Faithful Word Baptist Church - Pastor Anderson Rebukes Sodomites on Local NewsContinuing on in the same vein as Matt Walsh earlier today Zsuzsanna Anderson's husband believes in being a jerk for Jesus too. … [Read more...]
Quoting Quiverfull: Jerks For Jesus?
by Matt Walsh from The Matt Walsh Blog - Jesus didn't care about being nice or tolerant and neither should youI found this old Matt Walsh piece on the Facebook page of a former member of my old church that was using it to justify his hateful behavior towards ex members of that church.This all makes Jesus sound like the abusive jerkish boyfriend that eventually goes psycho on you.. … [Read more...]
Quoting Quiverfull: Part 8 – Dancing With the Devil?
by Michael Pearl from No Greater Joy - When the Worst HappensA reader brought up an excellent point yesterday. What does Michael advocate doing if your child is the aggressor or sexual offender. So I'm posting a few more parts of this long article to answer that question, or attempt to answer it. … [Read more...]
Mark Driscoll's Resignation Letter
by Samantha Field cross posted from her blog Defeating the Dragons You might have heard the news that broke just a little while ago– Mark Driscoll has officially resigned from being a pastor and elder of Mars Hill. This is exceedingly good news, and while I was not exactly joyful to hear it, I am hopeful that those who have been abused by Mark and the Mars Hill leadership can gain some hope and comfort from this. Mark Driscoll wasn't the only problem at Mars Hill– no one becomes a spiritual abuser of thousands all by themselves– but he was the most visible example of misogynistic, abusive Christianity and I'm glad he's gone. … [Read more...]
News: 'Penis Homes' Mark Driscoll Steps Down
Remember all that message board drama with Mars Hill Pastor Mark Driscoll posting about women being nothing more than 'Penis Homes' and his online moniker of William Wallace II? Turns out it was enough to torpedo his position as senior pastor at Mars Hill Church. He stepped down this week. … [Read more...]
Quoting Quiverfull: Not Being a Stay-At-Home Momma is Rejecting God's Land of Milk and Honey?
by Nancy Campbell from Above Rubies - Enjoy The Good Land … [Read more...]
Preparing To Be A Help Meet: Three Types of Woman Part 4
by Mel cross posted from her blog When Cows and Kids CollideNow, Debi moves on to the "Go-to Gal" which is supposed to be the female version of the King. "The Go-to GalMy son's wife, Zephyr, is a Go-to Gal, similar to the King type. That is not to say she is overtly bossy; she knows her place as a wife. But she is strong, capable, and gives a sense of taking care of the greater number of people. Go-to Gals ooze with confidence, have strong opinions, and do well organizing people. These types often have a queenly presence. Beware: Girls that are dominant can easily become Grabbers." Where does Debi's obsession with serving the "greater number" of people come from? I find that a str … [Read more...]
Quoting Quiverfull: Rejection of God Causes Anxiety Disorders and Depression?
by Zach Dasher, Louisiana candidate for Congress and nephew of "Duck Dynasty" patriarch Phil Robertson in Mother Jones - Duck Dynasty Congressional Candidate Says Godlessness Will Cause 'Mass Carnage and Mass Death' … [Read more...]


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Boar Cigars
Happiness is a Boar Cigar! Tasty and smoulderingly cool! Wild Boar are creatures of legend; powerful and intelligent. Different flavours for different moods. This is the gift for the person you want to make smile or for you and your friends when you need a treat, to devour with a drink, on a salad, in an omelette or with pasta. Luxury charcuterie, box contains: 2 x Wild Boar Salami 1 x Wild Boar Chorizo 1 x Game Salami
Boar Cigars Box dimensions: 21 x 10 x 3cm Laminated cardboard box Weight: approx. 240g

subset: commoncrawl


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Flavors of finely-measured coriander and licorice.
Brewer: Brasserie des Fagnes
Style: Belgian Ale
Alcohol Content: 7.5%
Seasonal: No
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Feels Like:+23°
a detailed weather forecast for the next week in Destin. Booked.net offers an up-to-date weather forecast in any other city in the world and helps to book the apartment you are looking for.
Staying in Destin for a night or two? We offer a selection of budget hotels in Destin to choose from.


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Call 1.888.468.5511
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Join or log in to see prices and shop.
Lightweight and weather-resistant with enough room to carry all your essential gear, OGIO's Clutch Pack has a clean design ideal for any outdoor activity.
RETURN INFORMATION GovX and OGIO strive to provide the best customer service possible. OGIO merchandise can be returned for a full refund within 30 days of the delivery date, provided the product is in new, unused condition. If you need to return an item you ordered with GovX.com, contact one of our Customer Support Team members at 888-468-5511 to obtain a Return Authorization Number and return the item within 30 days of delivery *(Do not contact manufacturer directly. All returns must be processed through GovX). ALL RETURNS MUST HAVE A RETURN AUTHORIZATION NUMBER that can only be provided by contacting Govx.com at 888-468-5511 or by emailing us at email@example.com. *Keep the following guidelines in mind: (i) all items must be returned in new, unused condition, and will undergo quality checks. All product packaging materials--including boxes, manuals, warranty cards, instructions, tags, and any other materials in the original shipment--must be returned with your returned item(s), (ii) our return policy is subject to each Manufacturer-Partner"s individual return policy, which may vary from the GovX policy, in which case, the Manufacturer-Partner"s policy prevails (See OGIO RETURN INFORMATION below), and, (iii) we do not cover postage expense on returned items unless there are special circumstances which will be explained when you call us to arrange for your return. OGIO RETURN INFORMATION All returns must have a return authorization number. We recommend selecting a trackable shipping method and keeping the tracking information for your records until the return/exchange is complete. Refunds/exchanges can take up to 3-4 weeks or sooner. Shipping charges are not refundable. We do not accept COD deliveries. If possible, use the original shipping package for returns and exchanges. EXCHANGES We do not process exchanges. To exchange an item, please return the item pursuant to the Return Authorization number and instructions you obtain from us, and place a new order on GovX.com.
Whether you're trekking to the park for an outdoor work session or trekking up a hill on a weekend day hike, the Clutch Pack has space for your necessary items. Your laptop fits securely in the padded laptop sleeve and 2 external pockets provide space for items like chargers, snacks or a digital camera. The large main compartment can fit any light outerwear, books, or gear you need for your chosen activities. Lightly padded shoulder straps and 2-way adjustable sternum strap allow you to comfortably carry this backpack no matter the journey. Available in a variety of color combinations with accents like aluminum zipper pulls, the Clutch Pack shows off the unique OGIO style - and your active, outdoor personality.
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text: We had heard about the 'piolas' & were keen to try one. This did not disappoint. On a rainy midweek evening we were the only diners apart from a table of local students, but were treated very cordially & efficiently. Nice straightforward menu with plenty of favorites. Everything was abundant & I particularly enjoyed my starter of Vitello tonnato followed... More


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lemon splash
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3 responses
chp gave props (12 Jul 2008):
I love the bright yellow color of the lemon contrasted against the white background. Nice job!
Jeremy Porter said (20 Aug 2008):
Nice color! There's nothing better than a good lemonade... :)
Michael F. OBrien gave props (30 Apr 2009):
Wonderful capture - add a bit of real vanilla extract - it is marvelous and cuts the acidity! Try it! You will like it!


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60 Minutes failed to report on other soft corruption instances, citing lack of evidence. Thankfully Dogs & Jeans is not hampered by such pesky journalistic details such as 'facts' and 'ethics'!
Here are some of the top Soft Corruption schemes employed by Congress:
- Find an overrated celebrity-wannabe, have them film a grainy "sex tape" then stage a fake wedding while charging every media outlet millions for the rights to cover the event.
- Vampire movies! Lots and lots of vampire movies!
- Implement user fees for birth control (only applies to Jessie James at this point).
- European drug companies use "creative financing" that promise high returns. How about some equally creative legislation to help them out?
- Start a company with the word 'green' in the name, like "Green Streets", "Everlasting Greenways" or "Mrs. Henderson's Green Airlines and Fruit Pies". Pass legislation the provides million dollar grants to companies investing in environmental research. The one criteria to determine if their work qualifies for a "renewable energy" bonus million dollar grant is if the word 'green' is used in the business name.
- Dogs & Jeans Million Dollar Ideas.
- Invest in a tent manufacturing company. Allow people to camp out in major US cities for weeks and weeks. Invest in fire hoses and head lice treatments for when the whole "Occupy" movement comes crashing down.
- Require a $10,000 deposit for anyone wanting to join the queue of Herman Cain sexual harassment accusers.


text: 000 NOUS43 KARX 141330 PNSARX nzus93 karx 281744 flood2 Public Information Statement National Weather Service La Crosse WI 830 AM CDT Tue Mar 14 2017 ...Flood Safety Awareness Week Continues... The National Weather Service (NWS) has declared March 13 through March 17 as Flood Safety Awareness week. The National Weather Service in La Crosse is providing information about a different flood topic each day during the awareness week. Today`s topic: Turn Around Don`t Drown Turn Around Don`t Drown, or TADD for short, is a NOAA National Weather Service campaign used to educate people about the hazards of driving a vehicle or walking through flood waters. This year is the 10th anniversary of the TADD program. Hundreds of signs depicting the message have been erected at low water crossings during the past decade, including some sites locally in northeast Iowa and western Wisconsin. The phrase "Turn Around Don`t Drown" has become a catchphrase in the media, classroom, and even at home. It`s one thing to see or hear the phrase, and another to put it into practice. Flooding is the 2nd leading cause of weather related fatalities in the U.S. only trailing heat-related deaths. On average, flooding claims the lives of 89 people each year. Most of these deaths occur in motor vehicles when people attempt to drive through flooded roadways. Many other lives are lost when people walk into flood waters. This happens because people underestimate the force and power of water, especially when it is moving. The good news is most flooding deaths are preventable with the right knowledge. Just six inches of fast-moving water can knock over an adult. Only eighteen inches of flowing water can carry away most vehicles, including large SUVs. It is impossible to tell the exact depth of water covering a roadway or the condition of the road below the water. This is especially true at night when your vision is more limited. It is never safe to drive or walk through flood waters. Any time you come to a flooded road, walkway, or path, follow this simple rule: Turn Around Don`t Drown. For more information on the TADD program, visit http://tadd.weather.gov. For flood safety tips, visit www.floodsafety.noaa.gov. Join us tomorrow for information on flood hazards. $$ Wetenkamp


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Hand Crafted Santas
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> Winter Mickey 23 inch - Merry Christmas From Mickey Mouse
Winter Mickey 23 inch - Merry Christmas From Mickey Mouse
Quantity in Basket: NoneCode: js4039042
Price: $195.00
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Artist: Jim Shore
Material: Stone Resin
Approx. Size: 23in H x 10in W x 15in L
By: Disney Traditions
This Santa is: sold out
"This oversized (almost 2 feet tall!) Mickey Mouse will make an oversized impact to your holiday decorating this year. Put him in your foyer, covered porch or beside the christmas tree to bring a little Disney magic throughout the house. Designed by Jim Shore."


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Ride the bike to the beach, have a nice dinner and just have fun.
It does not really matter where we go. Im pretty easy going. I enjoy just riding or going to dinner, movies, concerts, and comedy clubs
To meet up for dinner and chat and to see if the attraction is among us
Go for a ride, then grab some dinner and get to know each other. No pressure just good quality fun.
Someplace quiet so we can talk
Meet up. Ride till we find a nice restaurant. Stop and eat n get to know a little about each other. Ride back. Decide if we want to do it again, and say good night.
Go for a ride for dinner and just get to know each other.
I believe in meeting in public places, get to know you.
Dinner, movie, dancing, karaoke, walk on the beach
Going to dinner or coffee.something simple not expensive just having good conversation and fun
Together and have dinner maybe a movie
-Go out for lunch -Go for a ride -Go for a icecream -To out for dinner and a movie - Go bowling - Go for a hike -Go for a coffee
To go on bike rides.stop at restaurant.i do not drink.but i do smoke.
On the open road with no place to go
BikerKiss does not conduct background checks on the members of this website.


text: 000 FXUS63 KGRB 180746 AFDGRB Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Green Bay WI 246 AM CDT Sat Mar 18 2017 Forecast discussion for routine morning forecast issuance .SHORT TERM...Today...Tonight...and Sunday Issued at 246 AM CDT Sat Mar 18 2017 A mid level PV anomaly, clearly visible on the mid and upper level GOES-R water vapor imagery, will track through the western Great Lakes early this morning. This will bring a mix of snow, light rain and freezing drizzle to northeast Wisconsin until it tracks east of the area in the next few hours. The line between liquid and ice crystals appears to be a bit deeper moisture out to the west where moisture rises above the -10 celsius line. This line is expected to track east through the morning before the precipitation ends. However given the limited moisture the impact from this wintry mix is expected to be fairly minimal, therefore no headlines are anticipated at this time. After the PV anomaly tracks east and precipitation ends, Lake Effect precipitation will continue through the morning hours before ending around noon as winds become light and drier, warmer air advects in from the west ending the Lake Effect component. Snowfall totals across north central Wisconsin are expected to be fairly minimal, with a few tenths of an inch possible this morning before ending. Once this system tracks east a dry period will exist across the western Great Lakes tonight into most of Sunday as a ridge of high pressure tracks through the area. A weak PV anomaly could bring a slight chance for rain across north central Wisconsin Sunday afternoon. Given the limited moisture and fairly weak nature of this feature POPs will be fairly small. Temperatures this weekend will warm as highs Today are expected to top out from the lower to middle 30s across the north, with lower 40s across the south. The warming trend continues into Sunday with highs in the middle to upper 40s as 50 degrees is possible across portions of central Wisconsin. .LONG TERM...Sunday Night Through Friday Issued at 246 AM CDT Sat Mar 18 2017 Forecast concerns in this period revolve around precip chances Sunday night into Monday, and also late in the week. Have a preference for the ecmwf based upon model/ensemble mean comparisons. Sunday night through Monday night...A cold front will slide east from Minnesota to eastern WI during Sunday night. Ahead of the front, low level moisture below 750mb continues to look more robust than moisture above this level, but still looks to be sufficient for precip chances. Amounts should be light, however, due to this lack of moisture, and also subsidence in the right front quad of a jet streak. Will show the highest chances late in the evening and early overnight across the east. Behind the front, mid and high clouds will linger through much of Monday, but dry low level air emanating from a ridge of high pressure will arrive late Sunday night over north-central WI and on Monday morning over eastern WI, thereby ending precip chances. Skies finally clear on Monday night with strengthening cold advection and breezy northwest winds. Rest of the forecast...Canadian high pressure will hang around the region from Tuesday through Wednesday night. Minor lake effect snow showers could impact the snow belts of Vilas county for parts of this time period, but the airmass will be quite dry, so not expecting any significant accums. The next chance of widespread precip will occur Thursday through next Saturday with the passage of a cyclone. Some wintry precip appears possible on Thursday into Friday morning with a chilly airmass in place. Pending the track of the low, a transition to rain appears likely at least over eastern WI as warmer air arrives on Friday and Friday night. && .AVIATION...for 06Z TAF Issuance Issued at 1155 PM CDT Fri Mar 17 2017 Radar loop showed some showers moving across Wisconsin as surfaces and 500mb lows were passing through far northern Wisconsin/Upper Michigan. Ceilings were mainly IFR in the north and MVFR (and scattered VFR) in central and east central Wisconsin. Visibilities were VFR across central Wisconsin, except in precipitation, and MVFR/IFR farther east and north. As a cold front moves through the state and winds increase, visibilities should increase as well. Expect plenty of MVFR and IFR ceilings throughout the night before moisture becomes more shallow during the day on Saturday and clouds start to break up. Lake effect snow showers in the far north will result in MVFR conditions at times. && .GRB WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... NONE. && $$ SHORT TERM.....Kurimski LONG TERM......MPC AVIATION.......MG


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Home » Community » Blog
3/30/2017 with 0 comments
Categories: Buying a Car, Credit, Money Matters
One of the most difficult financial decisions is determining when to use debt and when savings would be more appropriate. This is usually followed by deciding what type of debt is most appropriate for each lending situation. Deciding to go into debt and the type of debt that you will use are extremely important decisions that can impact your financial future for a long time.
3/22/2017 with 0 comments
Categories: Credit, Estate Planning, Financial, Investments, Money Matters, Planning, Retirement
It more than your house that can use Spring cleaning. If you are like most people, your finances could probably use a little work as well. Now is a great time to start and the most of the items on a financial Spring cleaning list can be completely in less than 30 minutes.
3/20/2017 with 0 comments
Categories: Budgeting, Finances, Planning
If you have always desired a budget, but feel like the creation and upkeep of one would be too much effort, there might be a better way. As a FORUM member, you have access to FORUM's free online banking program, CU Online.
3/20/2017 with 1 comments
Categories: Budgeting, Estate Planning, Finances, Retirement
It's time to make the most of your 401(k). You've probably heard these tips before, but sometimes it's good to have a mental refresher to put these tips into practice!
3/17/2017 with 0 comments
Categories: Budgeting, Financial, Money, Money Matters, Saving, Spending
Do you need to increase your cash flow to make your monthly budget work? Almost everyone could use a few more dollars each month. There are ways to give yourself a raise even if you don't get one from your work.
3/9/2017 with 0 comments
Categories: Money Matters, Planning, Spending
Whether you are like thousands of families getting ready to head out for spring break or you are spring breaking at home, the week of Spring Break is a potential financial crisis caused by overspending. Fortunately, there are a few ways to keep your spending under control.
3/2/2017 with 0 comments
Categories: Homeownership, Loans, Money Matters
One of the most perplexing questions for a home buyer is whether to use a fixed rate mortgage or an adjustable rate mortgage loan. Some might think in today's rate environment, a fixed rate mortgage is the only option. That is not necessarily true as even today, there are reasons to consider an ARM loan.
2/23/2017 with 0 comments
Categories: Budgeting, Money, Money Matters, Planning, Spending
Budgeting is certainly a lifestyle change and if your New Year's resolution was to live by a budget, you could be experiencing burnout by now. Lifestyle changes are difficult, however there are ways to beat budget burnout and stay on track financially.


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Sci fi/Fantasy image by
Kimberly KluegelI was walking through a park on a sunny day and looking at the birds when I decided to do this painting. This kind of bird does not actually exist, but it is loosely based off of three or four different kinds of wren. I was really happy when I painted this, hence the fun colors. The fairy came from my English notes. I was really pleased with her when I drew her, so I was glad that I got to use her in a picture. I think that this is something like the fourth acrylic painting that I have ever done, and I think that it is my new favorite medium.(later) Oh wow! Thank you moderators!
Published More than a year ago
Category Fantasy
Be the first to favourite this image.


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Home > Services > Health - Fitness Program
Product Description
Customers have reported*: Improved erectile function
More satisfaction during sexual intercourse
Increased desire
Greater endurance during sexual activity
*Results not typical. Individual results may vary. Results gathered from post purchase surveys between 2004 and 2011 year.
Weeks 1-4 You may notice a significant increase in sexual desire and stamina (as showed by a Vimax Team survey with over 9000 participants).
Weeks 5-8 You might feel improvement in your performance and satisfaction during sexual intercourse (80% of surveyed men report such benefits). Men also report greater satisfaction in the way penis "hangs" when flaccid. Weeks 9+
Post By: mehran


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THE WORLD HAS BEEN INVADED BY ALIENS! It's up to a nerdy, lazy high school kid to save it!
3.82 / 5.00 6,828 ViewsEdit2: Ive just responded to 5 pages of reviews, and from now on, Ill respond to all new ones too ;)
EDIT: OMG!? 3.97? You guys rock! :P
Hey Newgrounds,
Heres something we've been working on for the rockout competition. The idea is to catch the falling notes (Which synchronize with the music) with your paddle.
However, there are twists and turns in the Medium and hard difficulty levels, so be sure to try them all. In easy difficulty, you just simply catch the notes with the paddle. In medium, you have to catch them as they bounce off a wall, moving at weird angles. In Hard mode, you must go inbetween catching the notes, and playing DDR, so try and stay concentrated. Thanks a ton. We both put a lot of work into this game, and we hope you enjoy it.
-ToasterDemon and El Presidente
I thought maybe this would be interesting...it's not. Notes bounce off of a wall, and you must catch them with a paddle, much like Breakout, only not fun. Low production values don't help the cause.
it was ok
the game was ok but
it seems like this game was made for somone with ADHD
and the hard mode was confusing since the arrows always change the position of where there going to land
This game has nothing to do with rhythm at all
All you do is move the mouse and catch notes, which
1. Don't even go along with the song
2. keep coming after the music stops.
try harder next time
They actually do go with the song for the most part.
Just a couple of things: firstly, how the heck are you supposed to catch three things at almost the same time like at the beginning of the first tune? Secondly, please disable the cursor or something. I kept losing points because my cursor went outside the window because I moved it just a little too far to the side. It would be a lot better if that could be avoided. Other than that, it's a great game.
Alright, honestly...
This is the most innovative flash game among those of the Rock Out flash contest. The falling beats and arrows sync very well with the music, and catching them along with the DDR-style arrows is a really fun, challenging, and best of all, new way to play beat games.
The whole purpose of this contest is to get the newgrounds audio submitters a bigger and more acknowledged role in the site, to show newgrounders that there is a lot of cool and interesting music being produced by members of this site. The songs in this game, however, are nothing beyond your average psuedo-techno, 2-beat progression hack music, and are long, boring, and worst of all, add very little variety to the timing in catching notes and typing the DDR arrows.
Also, since this game is in the style of breakout/arkanoid, it would be really cool if you could implement some of the power ups from those games in a future version of this... such as, a bar extender, or bar minimizer... perhaps a power-up that would temporarily wipe-out all of the beats on the screen for a few seconds, giving the player a break... or, maybe even add some guitar hero-esque star power nodes, which could be used to power up the bar in various ways. The possibilities are endless as long as you give yourself some time to think up, and program them!!
Additionally, this flash could use some re-vamped graphical effects, more lively and interesting animation... the whole interface is rather boring to look at, and though it's nice to see multi-colored beats falling down, that's about all there is to please the eye in this flash, and it's not much. I suggest finding a talented flash animator to re-design the layout of this game, or sitting down and learning how to do it yourself (I say find someone else first, because it would be faster, and the faster you do it, the quicker you can make another version of this game!!)
This game really is fun, and has A LOT of potential in my opinion, but I personally know that there are much more interesting songs out there on NG, which would not only provide a better soundtrack for the game, but most likely a more interesting series of beats for players to follow, whether they are catching them or typing them. You could be the maker of a very innovative and addictive game, in time... and perhaps win the contest with it, or make money off of it somehow.
Don't give up, and don't settle for this as your best. You have the potential to make this type of game really shine!
Wow, REALLY long review!
Sorry you didnt like the music, the music was partially picked because its easy to synch to. The power up ideas a great idea. Ill see what I can do about revamped graphical effects. Glad you liked it, Ill see about the different songs idea. Im working on another rhythm game, and thanks for taking time to write the lengthy review, I deffinatly appriciate it :)


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"Excellent rooms and staff "
Even though this hotel is not right in the centre it is excellent, the rooms are a nice size and clean and designed very well. Some rooms have a balcony as well looking down to the hotel pool. Very friendly staff and security very good as you need to buzz to get but reception open 24 hours. Just a tip , DO NOT take the taxi from the airport or anyone approaching you asking if you want a taxi. Get the train to TERMINI station and get taxi from there or like me I used the metro and one bus. The hotel supplies very easy directions if you want to save even more.
"I'll stay here again if I go back to Rome"
We got a good deal on this hotel and wasn't sure what to expect when we arrived. The room we got was better than expected and also included a balcony which was a very nice bonus. It was clean, tidy and well decorated. The bathroom was lovely with either a powerful shower (One of those large metal shower heads, loads of water!) or a bath and the water was always hot day or night. The reception area was large with comfy chairs and couches dotted around so you could sit and have a coffee. Free WiFi with strong signal throughout the hotel, room included. Breakfast was perfectly adequate, above average with a large selection of cereals, breads, jam, pastries etc but also scrambled eggs and bacon every morning. Top tip in the restaurant at Breakfast, 1 shot of expresso, 1 shot of milk then one more shot of expresso = perfect coffee! (It takes a bit longer and might hack off the person behind you waiting but it's sooo worth it ;-) Hotel was situated within 5 minutes walk of a bus stop in any direction and only took 20 minutes or so to get into the centre of Rome. Staff in the hotel were excellent, all of them. We never had a problem at all although we were lazy one morning and the cleaner threw her hands up to her head when my girlfriend said we'd be another 20 minutes before leaving the room, a minor point but I never really understand why cleaners are so bothered, we'd have survived if the room hadn't been cleaned for one day, after all it would have been our fault not hers. All she had to say was 'With respect, we stop cleaning in 15 minutes so we'd be happy to clean your room if it's available in that time' and we'd have decided to hurry up and get out of her way...........or not. Anyway, generally I would say this hotel & all of it's staff are excellent and a perfect base to go off and explore Rome! Thank you! Darren & Laura
"Not recommend"
the hotel is out of the center of the town and there is not something to see near by. The staff, besides the reception, doesn't know good English but all they are smiley and kind.The room is good with very nice bathroom. The breakfast was poor and the dinner was very bad. At the end of the day i dont recommend this hotel.
"January 2017"
Having read some of the reviews before I went,I was dreading going...I had booked via a daily mail deal..(for myself and sister) ,however we were pleasantly surprised 😳 the hotel was very nice 👍 the location was a little bit out, but we actually liked that. The hotel have all the information for you to use public transport (which is fantastic) they supply maps and give advice. The rooms were great 👍 everything you need.They supply toiletries and there is a hairdryer. We did have an evening meal one night and this was very good (not expensive) also the breakfast was good (plenty to choose from) On one of the reviews I read they complained about the service again we found this to be fine.I know we were there at a time that was probably less busy (than summer) however the hotel was busy....there were quite a few groups of people. So all in all I would definitely recommend this hotel. The first day we walked from the hotel to St Peter's square and this took around 15 to 20 minutes (with stops to look in the shops on route) however as I said you could have used the bus (literally a 5 minute ride) and the 916 took you straight to the centre of town ( a 5 minute walk from the colosseum)
"Wonderful hotel and exceptional bar staff"
Large group of Americans from Dallas traveled to Rome with a high school choir trip. The tour group made hotel arrangements and was not sure what to expect. We had 2 adults, 13 yr old boy, 9 yr old girl and 6 yr old girl. We had 2 rooms, connecting and one large enough for 2 bathrooms and an extra twin bed. So everyone had a bed and space for their belongings. It was an excellent location. Most of the staff were very accommodating. The bartender, Simone was amazing! He kept the bar open each night until the last of our group had gone to bed. He is personable and kind and has superb customer service skills. He can make ANY drink. He made a fresh Pina colada for me and cut up a beautiful pineapple. He also made a great brandy Alexander and a version of an Irish coffee with Baileys at my request. He was definitely the best part of the hotel nightlife!! Thank you!
Credit cards accepted by the hotel: Visa - MasterCard
Check-in: 2:00 PM , Check-out: 12:00 PM


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Posts tagged with "Lottie"
CinnamonPurin Live on the Pop Asia Stage at MCM London Comic Con May 2014
Taking place at MCM London Comic Con's Pop Asia stage this May, dance group Cinnamon Purin—composed of members Finny, Lottie, Lizzie, and Jessie—returned for their second show, performing a set of dance covers with confident smiles and energetic gestures. Opening with a group effort, the group displayed their skills admirably, introducing themselves as "an all inclusive dance group." Building on the present BABYMETAL zeitgeist,...CinnamonPurin on the Japan EX Stage at MCM London Comic Con October 2013
The audience gathers, seated upon unfolded chairs, a sea of faces in make up and wigs, ladies waiting on either side in Radio Sparkles* t-shirts, and whilst many are present for the impending Mini Cosplay Masquerade, there is also a sizeable gathering for Kerri Louise's vocal set and for YouTube dance group, CinnamonPurin.
This is your new scene, this is what is being built whilst foreign record companies slumber.
Comprised of three members...


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Fluffin • Comments
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Diablo 3 Patch 2.1.2 details announced at BlizzCon
Console version has always been good but can't speak for the PC version Reply +10
Titanfall Xbox 360 version delayed again
So it's either
1)A really shit port and 2 weeks extra won't fix that.
2)Held back to shift Xbox ones.
Not sure I'm happy about either option as someone planing to get it on the 360. Reply +22 -
Greg "Ghostcrawler" Street swaps WOW for LOL
I always liked his way of remaining level headed and showing some respect to both himself and the others when dealing with the hate infilled bile the internet threw at him. Reply +9
Introducing the most anticipated games of 2014
No love here for South Park? Reply +7
Founders leave Burnout and NFS: Hot Pursuit studio Criterion
Please don't say your next project is a Mobile game. Reply +41
Documentary about burial of E.T. game to debut exclusively on Xbox
I'm interested in how they are going to price this.
Included with gold rather than needs gold would be nice but I'm not holding my breath. Reply +2 -
Tomb Raider Definitive Edition is more than a facelift, dev insists
�50.00!? Good luck with that, I think you'll need it. Reply +17
We've got another 2500 Hearthstone keys to give away
Just got mine so check your E-mails :-) Reply 0
Microsoft reinforcing security to combat "government snooping"
Microsoft handed the NSA access to encrypted messages
� Secret files show scale of Silicon Valley co-operation on Prism
� Outlook.com encryption unlocked even before official launch
� Skype worked to enable Prism collection of video calls
� Company says it is legally compelled to comply
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/11/microsoft-nsa-collaboration-user-data Reply +39 -
Gran Turismo 6 microtransaction pricing revealed
I'd love to see a breakdown of how many people buy microtransactions in games and how much they spend. Since the packs seem to go for upwards of �40.00 in most games I'd be interested if it's a very small percentage with too much spare money buying them.
Might make for a good articular if the info was available anywhere. Reply +3 -
"It looks as if he's having electronic urination against that pillar"
Charlie Brooker, the only person who ever made a good TV program about games. Let hope he can repeat it.
Reply +16 -
Sony explains PS4 digital game pricing
Hopefully we will get a Digital Amazon store in the UK as well. That's the only way I see digital games taking off at a sane price and devaluation of games happening at sane rate.
For instance a new copy of Bio-shock Infinite at amazon �17.00. The PSN price �50.00 Reply +4 -
Ballmer: You can trust Microsoft with your privacy
. Reply +16 -
Call of Duty: Ghosts PC patch drops 6GB RAM requirement to 4GB
Both this and BF where clearly rushed to meet X-mas. Reply +46
Assassin's Creed 4 PS4 bundle announced
This will be all the Blockbuster stock repackaged I guess? Reply +3
Need for Speed: Rivals now a PS4 launch title in North America
My evil inner PS4 fanboy part is looking forward to the DF faceoff. Reply +31
Turn 10 outlines Forza 5 DLC plan
"The first pack included with the Car Pass is the LaFerrari Car Pack. Available upon the game's 22nd November launch, the LaFerrari Car Pack will include the 2013 LaFerrari - seen below - among nine other cars"
Day 1 DLC - You shameless fuckers. Reply +15 -
Microsoft outlines Xbox privacy policy amid Kinect concerns
Trust is hard to earn and easy to break.
Microsoft handed the NSA access to encrypted messages
� Secret files show scale of Silicon Valley co-operation on Prism
� Outlook.com encryption unlocked even before official launch
� Skype worked to enable Prism collection of video calls
� Company says it is legally compelled to comply Reply +80 -
Xbox One exclusive Ryse: Son of Rome Season Pass announced
Does this game still have microtransaction or did they do away with them? Reply +2
The PS4's launch lineup revealed
@DoctorFouad "where is need for speed ? "
Comes out a week later , makes no difference for us but will be a week after US launch date. Reply +4 -
Just dance and Angry birds for me. Reply +33
PS4 won't support YouTube integration at launch
Any word on the Video via USB?
I found it really handy to err ,umm acquire video from the internet and play it back over the PS3. Reply +17 -
Titanfall will remain exclusive to Xbox One, 360 and PC forever
Give it a break mate it's becoming a bit tiresome. Reply +3 -
More annoyed that MS did not spend the huge bucket of cash on a new Xbox game rather than blocking the Sony versions. Reply +37
Angry Birds Star Wars confirmed for PS4 and Xbox One
Are they going to take the piss on price again?
I still can't believe they charged �35.00 for the Angry Birds Trilogy on the Vita. Reply +8 -
Microsoft hires Jonathan Ross to work on Xbox
Was he hired to sing "I slept with your Grandaughter" down the phone to put off Mark Cerney. Reply +42
This third-party Xbox One Kinect stand includes a privacy cover
Lets make a deal Microsoft. I really don't want a kinect but I do want an Xbox one.
You sell a kinect free version and I'll buy it. Sound good? Reply +10 -
Crytek: the next generation
"Would, then, 720p on Xbox 1 and 1080p on PS4 be 'more or less the same quality' to him too? "
They are making an Xbox one exclusive. They will be the very last people to confirm if that's true. Reply +24 -
GAME announces 62-date PlayStation 4 hands-on tour
I guess the lack of BF4/Killzones and such is due to the age rating these games have. Reply +11
Rockstar: lost GTA Online characters are gone forever
Just out of interest does anyone else have the same problems I'm getting on the PS3.
The free roaming city bits work fine but when I try and join a random event it never connects. Reply +1 -
Xbox One will have a subscription-based fitness app
"The exercise app is also said to feature such celebrity trainers as Tracy Anderson, Jillian Michaels, Tony Horton, and Shaun Thompson."
Am I the only one who has never heard of any of them or is that because my idea of fitness is removing the rind from my fried bacon. Reply +41 -
Grand Theft Auto 5 live streaming is back at 5pm today
Hurry Up Mr Postman. Reply +7
Microsoft readying Siri competitor named Cortana for Xbox, PC and phones
Join the fight. Cortana and the NSA battling terrorism one data mining case at a time. Reply -12
Grand Theft Auto Online includes over 500 missions
I'm normally a level headed guy but when I see stuff like this which is just watchable on a TV my hype levels explode.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StiJm70aZxk Reply 0 -
Diablo 3 demo goes live on PS3 and Xbox 360
Just played it. Was very good (also had the PC version) would buy today but some minor Indie game is coming out on Tuesday so I think that's going to steal a lot of my time.
Going to wait for the PS4 version I think. Reply +1 -
UK to get fully-functioning Xbox One voice controls at launch
[This comment is not available in Australia] Reply +67
The Walking Dead infects Ouya this year
This game is doing my Nut in. I want to play it but i'm holding out for the Vita version. Reply -3
GTA 5 Collector's Edition lets you play as Niko's offspring
Niko, It's Your Cousin! Let's Go Bowling! Reply +16
Sony apologises for Grand Theft Auto 5 leaks
I like reading about the songs in the game - Radiosoulwax:)
But I guess staying away from GTA news on many sites now to avoid story spoilers. Reply +7 -
Microsoft boss Steve Ballmer to retire
Is he going to Zinga? Reply +50
Live: Phil Spencer's Gamescom keynote
@GiarcYekrub Maybe there Gold membership expired so no TV for them. Reply 0
Live: Sony Gamescom Conference
whats that noise? Reply 0
Live: EA Gamescom Conference
Anyone know what time the Sony one starts? Reply 0
"Levelulution" - you tossers Reply 0
That was worse than Stoke V Fulham Reply 0
make it so Reply 0
This guy has the presenting skill of a block of cheese Reply 0
Pegi 18 , Does that mean they will argue in this vid and call each other c***s Reply 0
Simlish - Tumble weed blows by. Reply 0
Ubisoft leaks next-gen successor to Fighters Uncaged
The First rule of Fighters Uncaged is don't talk about Kinect.
The Second rule of Fighters Uncaged is ......... Reply +2


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Welcome to GymbaROO's Active Babies Smart Kids free online video series. We have created this first series, "The BabyROO Series" for parents and carers of babies (new born to crawling). This series covers the how and why of many important baby development areas and includes discussions with early childhood specialists. The practical "Lets Do BabyROO" exercise sessions are designed so you can join in and practice fun activities, exercise and games with your baby. Just like our GymbaROO classes this series is all based on fun and learning together with joy and happiness and can be done in the comfort of your own home. To have free unlimited online access simply register. |
Active Babies Smart Kids Introduction (5 mins) Discover the benefits and all the fun of our Active Babies Smart Kids TV series for you and your baby in this introduction video. |
Episode 1 Tummy Time and Let's Do BabyROO (22 mins) This first episode exploresTummy Time, sharing with you information on why it's crucially important to your baby's brain and body development. |
Episode 2 Baby Exercise and Let's Do BabyROO (24 mins) Your baby's brain grows as a result of movement experiences. To help explain why and how, this episode features great information and ideas on baby exercise. |
Episode 3 Baby Massage and Let's Do BabyROO (23 mins) Research studies show that massage and loving touch have terrific positive effects on baby's brain, body and emotional development. |
Episode 4 Baby Balance and Let's Do BabyROO (26 mins) This episode features information on your babies balance. Your baby's balance is developing from the word go, and it's very important! |
Episode 5 Baby's Hearing and Speech and Let's Do BabyROO(25 mins) Encouraging your baby's hearing and speech is not only fun, easy and natural but is also greatly important to your baby's development, particularly in the first 11 months of life. |
Episode 6 Baby's Visual Development and Let's Do BabyROO (25 mins) This earliest years of your baby's life are a critical period for visual development. Babies need to learn how to use their eyes. |
Episode 7 Body Awareness and Let's Do BabyROO We explore what body awareness is, why it's so important to your baby's future and how you can help your baby to develop good body awareness. |
Episode 8 Music and Rhythm and Let's Do BabyROO Music and rhythm helps the development of your baby's listening skills, speech and language, is vital for smooth coordinated movement, mathematics skills and more! |
Episode 9 Hand-Eye Coordination and Let's Do BabyROO This episode explains why good development of the hands and hand-eye coordination is crucial to so many areas of future development and learning, including academic achievement, sport, vision, musical ability, self-esteem and more. |
Episode 10 Baby Reflexes and Let's Do BabyROO Primitive reflexes are of major importance to your baby's brain development, the development oftheir balance, muscle tone, head control, vision and even the development of how well they use their hands and feet! |
Episode 11 Baby's Feet and Let's Do BabyROO Think about how important feet are! They will bear your baby's weight, balance them and guide them throughout their lives. They are vital to development and well-being. |
Episode 12 Crawling and Creeping This episode is all about crawling and creeping,why these movements are so important and what would be great for you to know before your babies crawl! |


text: "Seminar on Companies Act-2013, Draft Rules 2013 & Forms & Investors' Protection" Organized by Committee on Financial Markets & Investors' Protection (CFM&IP) Of The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India Saturday 14th December, 2013 At GCC Club, Mira Road (E), Mumbai Hosted by Vasai Branch Of WIRC-ICAI 14th December, 2013 (Saturday) TIME PARTICULARS 9.30am to10.00am Registrations & Breakfast 10.00am to Inaugural Session 10.30am Welcome Address First Technical Session 10.30am to 11.45am Session Chairman Speaker CA. Jay Chhaira Topic Overview of companies act 2013, draft rules etc 11.45pm to Tea Break 12.00noon 12.00noon to Second Technical Session 1.30pm Session Chairman Speaker Topic Board of directors provisions , independent directors 1.30pm to 2.30pm Lunch 2.30pm to 4.00pm Third Technical Session Session Chairman Speaker CA. Abhishek Murali Topic Provisions relating OPC, dormant, small company, formation, share capital debentures. 4.00pm to 4.15pm Tea Break 4.15pm to 4.45pm Fourth Technical Session Session Chairman CA. Shriniwas Joshi, Central council member, ICAI Speaker Topic Provisions relating to winding up, rehabilitation , managerial personnel 4.45pm to 5.30pm Fifth Technical Session Session Chairman Speaker Topic Provisions relating to auditors Pr ogr amme CA. Jay Aji t Chhai r a Vi ce-Chai r man, CFM& IP Chai r man Programme CA. Pr aful l a P Chhajed director Cent r al Counci l Member , ICAI Programme Co- CA. Lalit Bajaj ordinators (M): 09867692321 CA. Dinesh Jain (M): 09821429516 CA. Kamal Dhareva (M): 09967720900 CA. Kanhaiyalal Kothari (M): 9869649444 For Regi st r at i on Secretary, Committee on Financial Markets & Investors' Protection, ICAI , Contact Ms. Nancy Chug; Email- id firstname.lastname@example.com; 08800092351;0120-3045945 ICAI Bhawan, 27, Cuffe Parade, Colaba, Mumbai CPE Cr edi t 6 Hours Del egat e Fee Rs.1000 /- (Including Breakfast, Lunch & Study Material) & Regi st r at i on (Please add Rs. 100/- towards CA Benevolent Fund as Voluntary Contribution) The cheque should be drawn in favour of "The Secretary, The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India", and cheque should be sent to The Committee on Financial Markets and Investors' Protection "ICAI Bhawan", A-29, Sector 62 Noida 201309. Online link for members: http://www.icai.org/ccm.html?progid=497 Online link for non members: http://www.icai.org/ccm.html?progid=498


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Hello all Having booked a surprise holiday for the 'other half' I'm tempted to throw in some extra surprises along the way. Is the 'trainer for the day' package worth the (hefty) price you pay? Thanks!
I've been tempted by this many times but have had the same thoughts. You do get two dolphin interactions instead of one with the normal swim. I got a reply from an email I sent DC about the Trainer for the Day and what it involved.....I have to go and pop something in the oven for tea then I'll look to see if I still have it.
ok...here is the response I got..... Dear Diane, Thank you for contacting Discovery Cove so we may assist as you plan your adventure! The Trainer for a Day program begins as early as 8:00 am and ends sometime around 4:00 pm. As you know, it takes you behind the scenes and provides you with a hands-on experience with many of the animals here at our park. During your program, you have time to roam on your own, as well as when the experience ends, for our park remains open until 5:30 pm. You have plenty of time to enjoy all our activities, not just with your trainer, but also on your own. We recommend that you make your reservation at least three months in advance to ensure that you get your preferred date, particularly in peak periods, such as school holidays. In fact, I would suggest that you make a booking as soon as you know the date that you would like to visit, since Discovery Cove has a limited attendance and there is a high demand for reservations during the summer months. You may make a reservation online, or by calling our Reservations center at 1-877-4-DISCOVERY. 8:00-8:30 Check-in, pick up swim gear, and secure personal belongs in a locker 8:45-9:00 Discovery Cove Animal Trainer Talk. 9:00-9:15 Meet and Greet with Aviculture Staff 9:15-9:45 Meet and Greet with Small Mammal Staff 9:50-10:25 Bird Interaction and Feeding in Aviary 10:35-11:40 Dolphin Interaction Program 11:45-12:45 Lunch 1:00-2:20 Meet with the Discovery Cove Aquarium Staff 2:25-3:35 Begin Dolphin back area tour 3:35-4:30 Meet with Animal Trainers for an enhanced dolphin interaction I hope this information has been helpful. If you have any additional questions, please do not hesitate to contact us once again. We look forward to your visit! Best Regards, Janet Maza Guest Relations Discovery Cove
That's brilliant - many thanks for that. Does look like a great day doesn't it? Ok - better start saving....
I was sorely tempted to book for December but what put me off was you get a 14 day pass for BG or SW and we already have annual passes. I need to wait until they run out to get the full benefit.
I'm not worried about BG or SW to be honest. We've yet to go to Aquatica which looks like fun. And let's face it - how often do you get the chance to swim with a dolphin? Be good to hear from someone though who's done the day - is it worth it?
We've been to DC for the day including dolphin swim, four times now as the price was right including the SW/BG ticket as we visit those two parks often. Then, once you think about your breakfast/lunch/dinner/all snacks and drinks, the price isn't too bad. In the Trainer for the Day, the second dolphin interaction includes deep water interaction where you have a dolphin behind you on each foot - they then push you along (members who've seen the dolphin shows at SW will know what I mean) Also photo ops with two dolphins such as a double kiss! Don't forget the memories you can bring home in the form of photos and DVD. My fave photo from DC.... View attachment 9262
Have you checked that there isn't an AP discount for it A few years back when we had passes they had some very good discounts for a lot of their interactions.
I've heard a few people say that it would be great to do IF they had done Discovery Cove before, but that they wished they could spend an extra day as a 'regular' guest so they could enjoy it at their own leisure. I can imagine it would be very tiring and it might not seem so 'special' seeing backstage if you haven't properly explored 'on stage' yet! The regular Dolphin Swim day is FANTASTIC. One of the best days of my life! I absolutely loved it. The new 'seaventure' package is one of my favourite memories of my whole 3 months working at Disney.
Just done the regular dolphin swim today! We rented a cabana and had a fab time, the new grand reef is amazing!
Make the most of the photopass people around DC because youth get all the photos on a cd as part of the package so it's better vale for money if you're not just getting dolphin pictures
So looks like the feedback is really go for the normal dolphin encounter and do the extra bits rather than doing trainer for the day?


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This home has been sold
We have 56 similar homes for sale.
Subway Lines
Nearby Subway Stations
- Price$2,975,000
- TypeCo-op
- Bedrooms3
- Bathrooms3
- Rooms7
- Staff Room1
- Approx. Sq. Ft.2,700
- Exposure N, S, E & W
Key Features
- Penthouse
- Terrace
- Concierge
- Doorman
- Elevator
- Pet friendly
- Full city view
- Full park view
- Central air
- Dining room
- Excellent light
- Parquet floors
- Prewar detail
- Washer/dryer
- Wood-burning fireplace
Big as the Ritz. Gorgeous 3700 square foot terraces with supernal Park views embrace a stately three bedroom home at a renowned white glove Central Park West address, 11 foot ceilings, two wood-burning fireplaces, baronial living room and formal dining room, chef's eat-in kitchen
Agent Ask me a question
firstname.lastname@example.com Email Me See my 3 other sale listings
Upper West Side
Upper West, from Central Park West to the Hudson River, 59th Street (excluding Columbus Circle) to 110th Street.
Every ten blocks of the Upper West Side seem to have its own character. The 70s and 80s have their share of "Classic Six" prewar apartments (that's two bedrooms, a living room, dining room, and kitchen plus a room for the maid or domestic staff, sometimes used as a home office) as opposed to a "Classic Seven," which has all these rooms in addition to another bedroom. Along Riverside Drive on the Upper West Side, some grand-scale apartment buildings with magnificent river views perfectly match the street's name. Meanwhile, the southern bit of the Upper West Side embraces the Time Warner Center, which has some of the most spectacular luxury condos in the city, along with high-end shops like Coach and Hugo Boss, once-in-a-lifetime eateries like Per Se, and a giant subterranean Whole Foods that seems to have the capability to hold every resident of the Upper West Side at once.
91 Central Park West
Central Park West - 70th St
7 mins -
Central Park West - 70th St
7 mins -
Broadway - 66th St
7 mins -
Broadway - 72nd St
7 mins -
Broadway - 72nd St
7 mins -
Columbus Circle - 59th St
7 mins -
Columbus Circle - 59th St
7 mins
91 Central Park West is a preeminent pre-war cooperative building located within the Central Park West Historic District with 15 floors. It is one of the elegant and regal buildings that make up the gorgeous Park skyline. Built in 1929, 91 Central Park West was designed by the architectural team of Schwartz and Gross, who were perhaps the most prolific residential firm in Manhattan in the early part of the 20th century. The building was designed in the style of an Italian palazzo. This white-glove Central Park building features full-time doormen, concierge, and resident manager. There is also a new fitness room, updated playroom, bicycle room, laundry room, and individual storage. Pets are permitted.
Additional features of this building include: Stunning new Gym in basement., Thru-wall A/C allowed., Newly renovated Lobby., Storage Bin available., Childrens Playroom..
- Prewar
- Built in 1926
- 15 floors
- 96 units
- Elevator
- Pet friendly
- Concierge
- Doorman
- Central laundry room
- Exercise room
- Package room
- Playroom
- Private storage
- Video security


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"What is urgent is the evangelization of a world that not only does not know the basic aspects of Christian dogma, but in great part has lost even the memory of the cultural elements of Christianity."
Pope St. John Paul II
"I am convinced that the crisis in the Church that we are experiencing today is to a large extent due to the disintegration of the liturgy."
Pope Benedict XVI
About us
"Quodcumque dixerit vobis, facite"
Roman Martyrology, complete, in English
Has Fancis abolished Hell?
Eulogies NOT permitted at Catholic Funerals
Revisiting the Apostolic Constitution Quo Primum: the Perpetual Authority of the Latin Mass
The Two Faces of Pope Francis
Creating and Maintaining a Traditional Catholic Home
Salus Animarum- what ever became of the notion of the "Salvation of Souls"?
The Chaplet of St. Michael in Latin and English (audio)
Personal Sanctity — all that is left in a World without God
The Restoration of our Holy Catholic Church and the Reclamation of our holy Catholic Faith
True and Perfect Sorrow
The Unmaking of America: when the Dream became a Nightmare
The Myth of the Post-Conciliar Church Non-Militant
The Nisibene Hymns of Saint Ephrem the Syrian
The Little Apostolate — for All
Complete Prayer to Saint Michael the Archangel from the Roman Ritual Rite of Exorcism (with audio)
When Catholics are not Catholic
Why we Have Lost God
St. Mary of Egypt: a Saint for those lost in Sexual Sin
The loss of Language - and other paradigms - in the Catholic Church
What is Holiness? And what does God want for me?
The Dying Sheep and the Deadly Silence
The Crucifixion of Christianity in Islam
The Problem with Tolerance, and the Intolerance of Tolerance
"Flesh of My Flesh" Mary's Role in our Salvation
Gender Wars
CCD: Crisis in Catholic Doctrine — the Grave State of Religious Education in America
The Tortures and Torments of the Christian Martyrs (De SS. Martyrum Cruciatibus) - Revised and Edited into Contemporary English
The Curious Faces of Sin
Custody of the Eyes: if you would keep your soul, keep your eyes
"Deconstructing" Christ: the God we never knew despite all He ever said
Attachment to Sin
Where are the Preachers? Our Primary Obligation as Catholics
Plenary Indulgences: and Why they Remain Vital to us Today
Sudden Death: a Time to Reap
Three Pious Practices for every Devout Catholic
Mary Immaculate of Lourdes: the Latin Mass in Boston
Teach Him a Lesson He'll never forget!
God and Human Suffering
The Unmaking of America — the Day Perversion became Policy
Ghetto Catholicism: our Need for Latin in the Mass
Lent: Jerusalem Desolata est
How to go to Mass and not lose your Faith
Chaplet of St Colette (with audio files)
The Real Legacy of Vatican II: the Renewal that Became a Requiem - the Death of Two Monasteries
Kids without Christ: the culpable negligence of our Catholic Bishops
Purgatory: a Doctrine of Consolation
Professional Catholics: Parasites in the Body of Christ
A Hell of a Situation
Why do we Fear ... anything?
Choosing to be Hated for Christ
Abortion: the Lecture of Lifetime by a Child in 4 Minutes Flat
What are we to make of Miracles? Rehabilitating the Notion of the Miraculous
Angels among us
Write us:
Boston Catholic Journal PO Box 80171 Stoneham, MA 02180 US
De SS. Martyrum Cruciatibus
"Father Gallonio's work was intended for the edification of the Faithful, and was issued with the full authority and approbation of the Church." A. R. Allison
Note: This translation by the Boston Catholic Journal has been edited for abstruse and confusing archaisms, needless redundancies, and rendered into Modern (American) English. It is our goal to render this important, historical document into an easily readable format. However, we encourage the reader to consult the following important link: Acta Martyrum for a necessary perspective on the important distinction between authentic Acta Matyrum, scholarly hagiography, and edifying historical literature. This does not pretend to be a scholarly edition, replete with footnotes and historical references. Indeed, the original vexes us with its inconsistent references, and the absence of any methodical attribution to the works or authors cited. However, it must be remembered that the present work is not offered to us as a compendium, or even a work of scholarship. That was not its intended purpose. For us, however, it is intended to accompany the Roman Martyrology which we bring you each day, in the way of supplementing the often abbreviated account of the Catholic Martyrs with an historical perspective and a deeper understanding of the suffering they endured for the sake of Christ, His Holy Catholic Church, and the Faith of our fathers which, in our own times, sadly, recedes from memory for the sake of temporizing our own Catholic Faith to accommodate the world at the cost of Christ.
If wish to download the entire book, simply click on the appropriate link for the file type you prefer: PDF or Microsoft Word. A small donation to the Boston Catholic Journal, while unnecessary, would be deeply appreciated. We do no have a PayPal account. You may, if you wish to assist us, send a check or money order to:
CHAPTER I Of the Cross, of Stakes, and Other Means by which the bodies of Christians remaining steadfast in their Confession of Christ were suspended CHAPTER II Of the Wheel, the Pulley, and the Press as instruments of torture CHAPTER III Of the Wooden Horse as an instrument of Martyrdom; also of many different types of Bonds CHAPTER IV Of different instruments employed for Scourging the Blessed Martyrs CHAPTER V Of instruments the Heathen used to Tear the Flesh of Christ's Faithful; to wit, Iron Claws and Currycombs CHAPTER VI Of Red-Hot Plates, Torches, and Blazing Brands CHAPTER VII Of the Brazen Bull, Frying-Pan, Pot, Caldron, Gridiron, and Bedstead; likewise of the Chair, Helmet, and Tunic, and other instruments of Martyrdom using Red-Hot Iron CHAPTER VIII Of other methods by which Christ's Holy Martyrs were Tortured with Fire CHAPTER IX Of other instruments of torture and methods employed for the tormenting of Christian Martyrs, such as School-Boy's Iron Styles, Nails, Saws, Spears, Swords, and Arrows; Tearing out the Inwards, Cutting the Throat, Beheading, Branding and Marking, Pounding with Axes and Clubs CHAPTER X Of yet other instruments and methods of torture for afflicting Christian Martyrs, such as Amputating Women's Bosoms, Cutting out the Tongue, and Lopping-off the Hands and Feet, Pulling out the Teeth, Flaying Alive, Transfixing, and Exposing to Wild Beasts CHAPTER XI Of still other tortures and methods of Martyrdom: Burying Alive, Throwing into Rivers, Wells, or Lime-Kilns; Cutting open the Stomach, and the Like CHAPTER XII Of Martyrs driven into Exile, and condemned to Hard Labor or the Mines
Since we propose in this book to discuss the many instruments of Martyrdom and the countless methods by which the most glorious and unconquered soldiers of our Lord Jesus Christ underwent death with a brave heart for His honor, it is entirely proper that we begin our task with the blessed and holy Sign of the Cross. For it was this upon which the Savior of the World, bursting the bonds of death, vanquished that cunning serpent, the Devil, and by His sufferings earned for His servants such tremendous fortitude that they were happy to endure the most arduous hardships of every sort, even, if need be, to the shedding of their blood and the cruel dismemberment of all their limbs. If, that is to say, the Martyrs won from the Cross the strength which they displayed in tortures and torments, it seems to us all the more appropriate to discuss the Cross first, as an instrument of torture and martyrdom in this book.
Since, however, stakes set up in the ground were included in antiquity under the common term of crosses, we must also examine these in this chapter, as well as other means by which the bodies of the Blessed Martyrs were suspended as punishment for defending of the Faith of Christ; for, indeed, whether nailed to the cross or bound to wooden poles, they may equally be said in a sense to have hung suspended. In beginning our discussion of the Cross, it is important for us to understand that not only were the Jews accustomed to nail condemned criminals to the cross [Deut 21:22-23], but the Gentiles as well. This is expressly stated by many of their own authors — by Cicero in several places (especially in the Philippics and De Finibus), no less than by Valerius Maximus, Livy, Curtius, Suetonius (Galba), and Seneca (De Consolatione). This last passage shows that crosses were of more than one kind, as we see from the words quoted below:
"From this I gather that crosses were not all of one kind, but differently made by different people. Some hang the criminal head downwards, while others drive a stake through his entrails, and others again stretched out his arms on a forked gallows ..."
What Seneca says here, to wit, that "others drive a stake through his entrails," he explains elsewhere, for he calls this kind of cross, in his indictment of the Mecaenas, a sharp-pointed cross. From this we may readily understand that, while one form of cross was of the type most commonly associated with the word, another resembled the sharp stakes which the Turks now employ for executing criminals, driving them through the victims' middle up to the head. We may also find this in Procopius's, Vandal War. Upon the first kind of Cross (as Seneca states above, and as we find in numerous Acts of the Saints) [Acta Martyrum] some were fixed with their heads toward the ground, while others with them raised to heaven. Christian martyrs were, in fact, crucified in both ways by the worshippers of idols. Among others who won the crown of martyrdom by crucifixion head downwards was the chief of the Apostles himself, St. Peter, concerning whom Origen writes:
"When Peter was come to the outskirts of Rome, with head placed downwards (for so he desired himself to suffer), he was nailed to the Cross."
St. Augustine writes that:
"So both (Peter and Paul) hasten to attain to the palm of martyrdom, and win the crown thereof." And elsewhere: "Peter for Christ's sake is suspended on the tree head downward; Paul slain with the sword. The Apostle went with his own feet to meet Christ, and looking upward with his eyes to Heaven, sent forth his blessed spirit to the Heavens above."
This is also described by St. John Chrysostom in his Homily on the Chief of the Apostles:
"Rejoice, Peter, to whom has been granted to enjoy Christ on the tree, and who was happy to be crucified as thy Master was, yet not with form upright like Christ the Lord, but with head turned to the ground, as one journeying from earth to heaven. Blessed the nails which did pierce those holy limbs."
To this most holy Apostle of Christ may be further added St. Calliopus, who died the same death for guarding the Christian Faith, bravely and signally triumphing over the World and the Devil. We clearly see, then, that some Martyrs were crucified with feet upward towards the sky. As to those who suffered with feet pointing to the ground, we find many outspoken champions of the Christian Law: St. Philip and St. Andrew, Apostles; Nestor, a Bishop; Timon, a Deacon, and many others. The Roman Martyrology itself speaks of ten thousand Martyrs so crucified, including Simeon, a Bishop, who at the date of his Martyrdom was in the one hundred and twentieth year of his age. Concerning the ten thousand who were lifted up on the Cross (22 June), we read:
"On Mount Ararat the passion of ten thousand blessed Martyrs who were crucified."
Concerning St. Simeon (20 April) we read:
"At Jerusalem anniversary of the Blessed Simeon, Bishop and Martyr, who is said to have been the son of Cleophas and a kinsman of the Savior according to the flesh. Ordained Bishop of Jerusalem next after James, brother of Our Lord, after suffering in the persecution of Trajan many tortures, he died a Martyr, and all present, including the very Judge himself, marveled how an old man of one hundred and twenty years should have endured the punishment of the Cross bravely and unflinchingly."
In the first place, the ministers of cruelty would make ready (as many passages from the Acts of the Saints above refer to, particularly concerning St. Pionius) mallet, iron nails, and a cross made of wood, which they then set on the ground, sometimes attaching ropes to it for fastening to the hands and feet of those to be crucified. Then laying the holy Martyrs — or it may be others of their own vain religion who had been condemned for some crime — on the wood, after stripping them of their clothes, they hung them upon it by means of four nails (this appears most probably to have been the number). This done, they raised the cross along with the victim fixed to it, and set it in a hole in the ground dug out for the purpose, and left them to the bitter agony of a lingering death — hanging there until they rotted away, as Valerius Maximus in several passages clearly implies. From this we gather that the Jews differed from the Gentiles with regard to removing the bodies of those crucified from the cross. The latter, as we have just noted, left them to hang on the gibbet until they rotted; but the Jews, in accordance with the Law declared in Deuteronomy 21, took them down the same day and buried them in a convenient place. As for the other sort of Cross mentioned on Seneca's authority at the beginning of this chapter — that is, to its having been a sharp stake — we have been unable to find mention of it in the Histories of the ancient Martyrs unless we choose to include under this heading the torture inflicted on certain most glorious athletes of Christ by having pointed sticks driven through their inwards. But we shall discuss this, as God wills, in the last chapter of the book. Another similar punishment is described by Theodoret (Ecclesiastical History) in the following words:
"But when he beheld him (St. Benjamin) mocking this torture, he commanded yet another reed to be pushed, this time into his genital member, which, being drawn out and pushed in again, caused him inexpressible torments. Afterward the savage tyrant ordered a stout rod, thick and extremely rough with branches that stuck out all over it, to be inserted up his rectum ..."
We also know that the Turks impaled Hadrian of the Order of St. Dominic and twenty-six others, his companions, on stakes; and the same punishment is spoken of by Procopius in his Vandal War. Stakes, in fact, were employed in many ways by the heathen Devil-worshippers for the tormenting of Christians. Fastening the blessed Martyrs to a stake after stripping their bodies as near naked as possible, either by means of iron nails or with ropes, they would then tear their flesh mercilessly with claws of iron or with hooks or currycombs, transfix them with arrows, beat them with cudgels, scourges, and the like, expose them to the bites of wild beasts, pull out their teeth, cut out their tongues, in the case of women amputate their bosoms, in a word, torture them in every horrible manner possible after first attaching them to stakes or poles set in the ground. This is confirmed by numerous Acts of the Holy Martyrs, such as those of Gregory Thaumaturgus, Polycarp, Gaiana, and Febronia, Virgins, and a nearly countless host of others of either sex. The same method is also mentioned by Classical authors, such as Cicero, Valerius Maximus, and Suetonius. It should be noted here that the Martyrs who were fastened to stakes with iron nails and so tortured, were sometimes also bound with ropes, possibly for their yet greater torment.
Although the Worshippers of Devils most often punished those condemned to death after binding them to stakes or crosses, it is sometimes recorded that the Martyrs were tied to pillars or trees, or fastened to them with nails at the command of their tormentors, and then tortured. Eusebius tells us of pillars used in this way, as do the Acts of different Martyrs. There is also the famous Pillar religiously preserved in the Basilica of St. Sebastian outside the Walls, which, according to ancient Christian tradition, is believed to be the very same to which this Blessed Martyr was bound and shot to death with arrows for confessing his faith in Christ. We also have record of trees used for this purpose in the Acts of many Martyrs, such as those of St. Zoe and of St. Paphnutius.
Having explained the use of the Cross and of Stakes used for crucifixion, let us now examine the methods of suspension that were used; that is to say, the ways the Blessed Martyrs and champions of the Holy Gospel were hung upon crosses and stakes by the Heathen. The methods of hanging in which we find them suffering at the caprice of their tormentors are both horrible and cruel. Of some we read that they were suspended by one foot only, others by both feet, or else (as Nicephorus describes in his History) by one foot drawn up to the level of the head, with a slow fire kindled underneath in such a way as to suffocate them with the smoke coming from the burning fuel. Yet others were suspended by the arms, both or only one, or else by the tips of the thumbs, while heavy weights were attached at the same time to their feet. Of others again we find it recorded that they were suspended hanging from a high wall, stones being fastened to neck and feet, or ropes bound to their bodies, their shoulders loaded with great lumps of salt, and for their greater torment wooden gags being placed in their mouths.
Others were smeared with honey and attached to upright stakes under a blazing sun to be tortured by the stings of flies and bees. Still others are said to have been suspended from iron hooks, or from a noose, until they were dead. Last of all, some were tied to pillars, their faces turned toward each other, with their feet not quite reaching the ground, or else hung up by the hair, as was often done to women contending for the Faith of Christ. The Acts of the Blessed Martyrs make frequent mention of these methods — and of the first especially in the Acts of St. Gregory, Bishop of Armenia. Christian women, likewise, were often hung up by one foot the whole day long (as Eusebius's, Ecclesiastical History bears witness), in such a way that not even their private parts were covered, in order to show the greatest possible scorn for Christ's holy Religion. The Methods, however, through which the Martyrs were tortured by suspension, were themselves many and varied. Sometimes the Martyrs were simply hung up by one foot, while at other times smoke from damp and evil-smelling fuel, such as the dung of animals, was added to increase the agony — while a dozen executioners thrashed the victim at the same time with rods. In other instances they were suspended by one foot, the leg being bent at the knee and an iron band fixed around that joint, and then an iron weight fastened to the other foot in such a way that the helpless victims were miserably strained asunder. Thus in the Acts of St. Samona we find written:
"But the Magistrate at once ordered Samona to have one leg bent at the knee and an iron band put around the joint. This done, he hung him head down by the foot of the bent leg, at the same time dragging the other downwards by means of an iron weight."
Of Martyrs who suffered by the first of these Methods of torment, we read, among others, the names of those most noble soldiers of Christ mentioned above: St. Gregory of Armenia and St. Samona. As to the second method — in which the victims were hung up by both feet — we have ample testimony in the Acts of the Saints; for example, those of St. Venantius, of the holy Virgins Euphemia and her sisters, of Bishop Acepsima and his companions, as well as the Cappadocian Martyrs, a great host commemorated in the Roman Martyrology, on May 23rd, where it is written:
"In Cappadocia, commemoration of the Blessed Martyrs who in the persecution of Maximianus were slain and their limbs broken; likewise of those who at the same date in Mesopotamia [the geographic area north of the Persian Gulf, including present-day Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey] were hung aloft by the feet head down, suffocated with smoke, and consumed over a slow fire, and so fulfilled their Martyrdom."
Actually it was not in one way only, but in many and various, that the Martyrs were suspended by these Servants of the Devil (as we gather from the Acts quoted above) and tormented. For sometimes they were suffocated with smoke; sometimes their heads pounded with hammers by their executioners; sometimes great stones fastened round their necks; and sometimes they were cruelly burned with blazing torches. In the first of these ways many Christians are known to have suffered in the region of Mesopotamia; in the second, Euphemia, Thecla, Erasma, and Dorothea, most noble Virgins and Martyrs of Christ; in the third, Saints Theopompus, Mercurius and the already mentioned Venantius.
This third Method of suspending, that is to say, hanging up by one arm, is often mentioned in the Acts of the Blessed Martyrs, among which are St. Samona just cited, and St. Antonia, that most noble-hearted martyr, of whom it is recorded on May 4th in the Roman Martyrology:
"At Nicomedia, the anniversary of St. Antonia, Martyr, who, after being savagely racked and tortured, was suspended three days by one arm, kept imprisoned two years in a dungeon, and was finally burned at the stake by the Governor Priscillianus, confessing the Lord Jesus."
It should also be noted that sometimes the executioners of Martyrs suspended in this way fastened stones of great weight to their feet, so that all the joints of their bodies might be drawn asunder. We find clear testimony to this in the Histories of various Saints, especially that of St. Samona of whom we spoke earlier.
We read again and again in the Histories of the Martyrs how, after being suspended aloft, they were, among other torments, loaded with weights, sometimes lead or iron (which we will describe elsewhere), others again of stone. Of the latter we have evidence preserved to this day in Rome in the Churches of the Holy Apostles, as also in those of St. Apollinaris and St. Anastasius not far from the City. They were stones of great weight, black in color, round or oval in shape, having an iron ring imbedded in the stone through which a rope for binding and hanging could be passed and so attached to the feet or hands of those suspended. Certain authorities have erroneously maintained that these stone balls, called by Josephus in his Maccabees "Orbicularia", or Round Stones, were not designed specially for purposes of inflicting torture, but for weighing. This is not so. Stones of this latter kind always had (as Isidore and Alciatus, On Weights, state) the figure of the weight inscribed on them, while those used to torture the Martyrs did not. These weights were also entirely different from those to which debtors were condemned in Law XII of the "Twelve Tables," for these were nothing more than fetters. Of them Aulus Gellius says, "Bind him either with a thong, or else with fetters of not less than fifteen pounds weight; or if a greater weight is desired, with heavier still."
This fourth method of suspending is mentioned in the Acts of Saints Procopius, Andochius, Thyrsus and Felix, and their companions. Much as we had seen above, it was occasionally the custom of the Heathen to either attach heavy weights to the feet of those suffering this method of hanging, or else, after twisting their arms behind their backs, to haul the weights aloft and then release them. Thus in the Roman Martyrology, on September 24th, we read of those blessed Confessors of Christ, St. Andochius and his Companions:
"At Augustodunun (Autun), the anniversary of the Holy Martyrs Andochius, Priest, Thyrsus, Deacon, and Felix, who being sent by the Blessed Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna, from the East to teach Gaul Christianity, were there cruelly scourged, and suspended all day with hands tied behind their backs and thrown into the fire, but not consumed. Finally their necks were struck with heavy bars, and they thus won the crown of martyrdom."
This fifth method is described in the Acts of Saints Jacob and Marianus, in which the following narrative is written concerning Marianus, servant of Christ:
"Marianus was condemned to torture because he confessed himself a reader only, as indeed he was. And what torments were these, how new and strange, how imbued with the poisoned ingenuity of the Devil, how cunningly contrived to break the spirit! Marianus was hung up to be tortured; and what grace the Martyr showed even in the midst of his sufferings, the very torment and punishment merely serving to increase his courage! Now the cord which kept him suspended was attached not to his hands but to the tips of his thumbs, in such a way that the slenderness of those parts added to the agony endured in supporting the weight of the rest of the body. Moreover, unconscionably great weights were further attached to his feet, so that the whole framework of his body should hang suspended, torn asunder by pain and agonizing internal convulsions."
The History of the most Blessed Martyr St. Severianus details this method:
"The Prefect, taking Severianus' silence for contempt, as indeed it was, devised a yet more terrible punishment for him; and after removing him from the rack, had him taken to a wall. Then after attaching two enormous and very heavy stones, one to his neck, the other to his feet, and tying a rope round the Martyr's middle, he left him hanging in the air from the wall, so that his members, being dragged apart by the weights, may be separated in this violent fashion."
This seventh kind is mentioned in the Acts of St. Gregory of Armenia, where we read:
"When St. Gregory had ended discoursing at length on these matters, Tyridates was filled with anger above all measure, and was furiously stirred up against him. As a result, the most noble hero was immediately bound. After inserting a wooden gag into his mouth, parting the upper and lower jaws as widely as possible, they loaded his shoulders with lumps of salt, that is dug up in Armenia. Then binding his holy body with ropes, they suspended the Saint aloft, prolonging this bitter torment for seven entire days."
This form of torture is spoke of in the Histories of St. Maurice and his companions, and of St. Mark of Arethusa. Three Methods are recorded in the Histories of the Martyrs in which Christians were exposed to the rays of the sun with this end in view. Sometimes they were merely bound to stakes, as was done with St. Maurice and his companions; sometimes they were raised aloft in baskets made of rushes as we find in the account of St. Mark of Arethusa mentioned above; and sometimes (as St. Jerome records in the History of Paul, the first Eremite), they were laid on the ground with hands tied behind their backs. Coelius Rhodiginus states that there existed in antiquity a form of punishment known as "Cyphonismus" so named from the word Cyphon, "from which also Cyphon is so called in Aristophanes' play of Plutus," writes Rhodiginus:
"because it was a sort of fetter of wood or, as in the present day, of iron, commonly called a pillory, to which the prisoner was ignominiously fastened and detained, smeared with honey and exposed to the bites of the flies." Hence it came about, adds the same author, "that this title of 'Cyphon' was given to scamps, and the punishment was called 'Cyphonismus.' Then adding a little later: "I note among certain people a regulation to the following effect — that any man who insolently demonstrates contempt for the decrees of the law, shall be kept in fetters at the public place of execution for twenty days, naked and smeared over with honey and milk, to be food for bees and flies; and when these have done their work, he shall be dressed in women's clothes and cast headlong down a cliff."
The Persians employed a similar Method of punishment for criminals condemned to death which they themselves called Scaphismus. Plutarch in his Artaxerxes speaks of it in these terms:
"Accordingly he ordered Mithridates to be put to death by the punishment of the boats (scaphae) The nature of this form of death and punishment is as follows: Two boats are built of the same size and shape. In the one they lay the man destined for the torture, and putting the other boat on top of him, joined the two together in such a way that the man's hands and feet were left outside, while the remainder of his body (except the head) was imprisoned. They supplied the man with food, and by prodding his eyes with sharp points forced him to eat, even against his will. But on his eating, they poured a mixture of milk and honey into his mouth, and smeared his face with it. Turning the boat, they so arranged it that his eyes always faced the sun, his head and face being covered every day with a host of flies that settled upon him. Moreover, being compelled to defecate and urinate inside the closed boats, the resulting corruption and putrefaction give birth to swarms of worms of many sorts which penetrate his clothes, and eat away his flesh. Indeed, after the man is dead, and the upper boat is removed, his body is seen to be gnawed away, and all about his viscera is found a multitude of these and similar insects, that grows denser every day. Subjected to this form of torture, Mithridates actually endured the agonizing existence to the seventeenth day, before finally dying."
"Accordingly he ordered Mithridates to be put to death by the punishment of the boats (scaphae) The nature of this form of death and punishment is as follows: Two boats are built of the same size and shape. In the one they lay the man destined for the torture, and putting the other boat on top of him, joined the two together in such a way that the man's hands and feet were left outside, while the remainder of his body (except the head) was imprisoned. They supplied the man with food, and by prodding his eyes with sharp points forced him to eat, even against his will. But on his eating, they poured a mixture of milk and honey into his mouth, and smeared his face with it. Turning the boat, they so arranged it that his eyes always faced the sun, his head and face being covered every day with a host of flies that settled upon him.
Moreover, being compelled to defecate and urinate inside the closed boats, the resulting corruption and putrefaction give birth to swarms of worms of many sorts which penetrate his clothes, and eat away his flesh. Indeed, after the man is dead, and the upper boat is removed, his body is seen to be gnawed away, and all about his viscera is found a multitude of these and similar insects, that grows denser every day. Subjected to this form of torture, Mithridates actually endured the agonizing existence to the seventeenth day, before finally dying."
Plutarch's account differs little from that given by [the Byzantine historian] Zonaras who, in his Annals, states that:
"The Persians outdo all other Barbarians in the horrid cruelty of their punishments, employing tortures that are peculiarly terrible and long-drawn, namely the 'boats' and sewing men up in raw hides. But what is meant by the 'boats' I must now explain. To wit, two boats are joined together, one on top of the other, with holes cut in them in such a way that the victim's head, hands, and feet only are left outside. Within these boats the man to be punished is placed lying on his back, and the boats are then bolted together. Next they pour a mixture of milk and honey into the unfortunate man's mouth until he is filled to the point of nausea, smearing his face, feet, and arms with the same mixture, and then leave him exposed to the sun. This is repeated every day to the effect that the flies, wasps, and bees, attracted by the sweetness, settle on his face and all the parts of his body that project outside the boats, miserably tormenting and stinging the wretched man. Moreover his stomach, distended as it is with milk and honey, throws off liquid excrements, and these, putrefying, breed swarms of worms, intestinal and of other sorts. Thus the victim lying in the boats, his flesh rotting away in his own filth and being devoured by worms, dies a lingering and horrible death. By this punishment Parysatis, mother of Artaxerxes and Cyrus is said to have executed the man who boasted of having slain Cyrus when contending with his brother for the Kingship; he endured the torment fourteen days before he died. Such, then, is the nature of "Scaphismus, or the boat-torture."
"The Persians outdo all other Barbarians in the horrid cruelty of their punishments, employing tortures that are peculiarly terrible and long-drawn, namely the 'boats' and sewing men up in raw hides.
But what is meant by the 'boats' I must now explain. To wit, two boats are joined together, one on top of the other, with holes cut in them in such a way that the victim's head, hands, and feet only are left outside. Within these boats the man to be punished is placed lying on his back, and the boats are then bolted together. Next they pour a mixture of milk and honey into the unfortunate man's mouth until he is filled to the point of nausea, smearing his face, feet, and arms with the same mixture, and then leave him exposed to the sun. This is repeated every day to the effect that the flies, wasps, and bees, attracted by the sweetness, settle on his face and all the parts of his body that project outside the boats, miserably tormenting and stinging the wretched man.
Moreover his stomach, distended as it is with milk and honey, throws off liquid excrements, and these, putrefying, breed swarms of worms, intestinal and of other sorts. Thus the victim lying in the boats, his flesh rotting away in his own filth and being devoured by worms, dies a lingering and horrible death. By this punishment Parysatis, mother of Artaxerxes and Cyrus is said to have executed the man who boasted of having slain Cyrus when contending with his brother for the Kingship; he endured the torment fourteen days before he died. Such, then, is the nature of "Scaphismus, or the boat-torture."
Something similar awaited those who were sewn up in an ox-hide. In this case the head alone was left outside, while the rest of the body was stripped naked and sewn up inside the hide. So we read in the Acts of St. Chrysanthus:
"Carrying him from that place, they proceeded to flay a calf, and to wrap him up naked in the fresh hide, placing him so as to face the sun; nevertheless, despite being exposed all day long to the excessive heat of a blazing sun, he felt no excessive warmth and remained unaffected in any way, for the hide could in no way hurt God's servant. So afterward they laid on him fetters and the like."
From this it is plainly evident how this punishment of the raw hide was distinct from that just described under the name "Scaphismus".
Similar forms of torture may be found abundantly described in Lucian's Dialogue [actually Apuleius's Asinus Aureus, or the 'Golden Ass'], Lucius or the Ass, in which the following story is related:
"We must discover," he then said, "some sort of death through which this maiden may endure long-drawn and bitter torment ... So let us kill this ass, and afterwards cut open its stomach and after removing the inwards, shut up the girl inside in such a way that only her head would be left outside (this, of course, to prevent her being suffocated altogether), while the rest of her body is hidden within the carcass. Then, when this has been sewn up, let us expose them both to the vultures — a strange meal prepared in a new and strange fashion. Now just consider the nature of this torture, I beg you. To begin with, a living woman will be shut up inside a dead ass; then by reason of the heat of the sun will she be roasted within its stomach; further, she will be tormented with mortal hunger, yet entirely unable to destroy herself. The other gruesome aspects of her agony, both from the stench of the dead body as it rots, and the swarm of writhing worms, I say nothing of. Lastly, the vultures that feed on the carcass will rend in pieces the living woman at the same time. All shouted assent to this monstrous proposal, and unanimously approved its being put in execution."
To the same effect Apuleius in his Golden Ass, writes:
"Let us decide to cut this ass's throat tomorrow, and when it has been cleared of all the entrails, sew the virgin naked into the middle of its stomach so that only the girl's face projects while all the rest of her remains imprisoned within the animal, and this done, let us expose the ass with its contents on some craggy height to the exhalations of the blazing sun."
These two Methods of Martyrdom are amply attested to in various Acts of the Blessed Martyrs — in the first instance especially by those of St. Nicetus, as also of Saints Gorgonius and Dorotheus, whose deaths are likewise recorded by Eusebius in his Ecclesiastical History.
This method is spoken of by Bishop Philreas, and quoted by Eusebius in his Ecclesiastical History as follows:
"Others again were bound facing each other, suspended from pillars with their feet not reaching the ground, in such a way that the greater the strain put upon the ropes and the tighter these were drawn, the more cruelly did the victims feel the agony caused by the dragging weight of their own bodies. Nor was it for a short while only — that is to say, just while the Magistrate was putting them to cross-examination, and was at liberty to question them — but throughout the entire day that they endured this kind of torment. Moreover when, as he went on from them to others, he left subordinate officers to carefully watch the first group in the event that any of them should appear in imminent danger of dying from the torture, giving orders that they be racked by means of the ropes without an instant's respite, and finally, when at the point of dying, that they be let down again to the ground and dragged unmercifully to and fro."
The same writer earlier states that:
"Others were suspended from the portico or arch, attached by one arm, and endured the stretching and straining of all their limbs and joints — a bitter torment surpassing almost every other in severity. Others again were bound to pillars, their faces turned inward toward one another, with nothing for their feet to rest upon."
The Martyrs were lashed to the pillars in the following way: fastened to the upper portions of these pillars were either iron rings or, more likely still, various pulleys, over which ropes were led. By means of these ropes the Blessed Martyrs were then, with arms tied behind their backs and faces turned toward the pillars, all day long first hoisted up by the tormentors, and afterward let down again with a rush, but in such a way that they never quite touched the ground in order that they might suffer the more agonizing pain. Finally, when they were at the point of dying, the executioners, at a sign from the Judge, would lower them to the earth and cruelly drag them around.
Evidence of this manner of torture is found in many Histories of the Holy Martyrs; we encounter it in the account of the passion of St. Eulampia, St. Juliana, virgin and martyr, as well as Saints Theonilla, Euphemia, and lastly, St. Symphorosa. So much for the various methods of suspension used by the Heathen against Christian men and women. If the reader wishes to learn more about this, he should consult the various authorities and the Acts of the Blessed Martyrs already cited. Yet before leaving the subject altogether we will quote one other passage, from St. Gregory Nazianzen, in which he writes, speaking of St. Mark of Arethusa:
"From one crowd of lads to the other he was tossed to and fro, swinging as it were suspended, the boys alternately catching that gallant body on their penknives, and in this tragic way doing the holy man to death, as it had been some sort of game ..." that is to say, the martyr in question was thrown backward and forward between two sets of schoolboys.
Many other instances of the same or similar Methods of martyrdom could be provided, but which we must omit for the sake of brevity.
Illustrations for Chapter I:
Chapters: 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12
Redaction with annotation by:
Geoffrey K. Mondello for the Boston Catholic Journal www.boston-catholic-journal.com 2012 + Feast of the Seven Holy Founders of the Servite Order Copyright © 2016 Boston Catholic Journal. All rights reserved for this revised edition by Geoffrey K. Mondello. Contact the Boston Catholic Journal for permission to reprint, in any format, or upon any media, digital or otherwise, any part of this book revised by the Boston Catholic Journal , the original of which is in public domain.
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