text:
From logos to letterheads, websites to vehicle signs, construction company owners will usually give careful consideration to how their organization looks. Visual branding has become well established as a central part of any marketing strategy. But what about the way a business sounds?
The sense of hearing is particularly effective in provoking the recall of particular memories or feelings that buyers associate with certain sounds, says Dan Lafferty, director of voice and music at London-based PH Media Group, a provider of on-hold marketing services to construction companies around the world. Lafferty is an expert at helping businesses apply the power of sounds to marketing, using audio to help provoke brand recall in customers' minds.
Here, Lafferty talks with BUILDER about audio branding and how builders can use sound to influence customer behavior.
Are many business owners aware of the benefits of audio branding?
Too few businesses give any thought to audio branding, which applies to the voice and music heard over the telephone. Inappropriate use of voice and music will communicate the wrong image to the customer, creating a long-lasting negative perception which is difficult to shake.
Simply by ensuring your audio branding is congruent with existing visuals can help reinforce company values and create a positive impression.
How do companies choose a "voice" for their brand?
When choosing a voice for your business, it isn't just as simple as getting a member of staff to read off a script. There are a number of different variables to consider, such as whether the voice is female or male, young or old, or whether it should have an accent. Ultimately, it boils down to what each attribute communicates to the customer and whether it meshes with your existing brand image and values.
In the construction industry, customers need to know they are dealing with a professional, skilled organization that they can trust to get the project done on time and to specification. Perhaps it is unsurprising then that the most popular voice of the sector is aged 30 to 40, with a calm delivery and friendly tones. The older age profile conveys dependability and is typically perceived as more knowledgeable so can be advantageous in reinforcing a sense of reliability.
Which gender seems to be best for construction companies' voice?
The temptation for construction businesses might be to follow industry stereotypes and opt for a male voice simply because it matches typical preconceptions of the industry. However, it is more important to consider the brand's unique identity and develop a customized solution which fits with it.
A masculine voice is generally perceived as authoritative and might be best suited for a larger, more corporate organization that prides itself on its reputation. On the other hand, a female voice is perceived as soothing and reassuring which might work best for a company looking to convey a sense of friendly, personal service.
If your company operates in an area with a strong regional identity, it may be worth incorporating an accent into your audio branding. Using a dialect helps to assert a sense of belonging, helping customers to identify with a company by speaking to them in a voice they can relate to.
How does music play a part in audio branding?
Many businesses will pick a piece of commercial music to play over the phone and on its premises, believing this represents the best way to engage with customers.
Music tracks have the ability to transport the listener to a certain moment in time and how they feel about the tune is a lottery of their previous experience of it. Take, for example, the first dance song at a wedding. Hearing it will remind the bride and groom of happy memories of their special day. However, what if the song has negative emotions attached to it?
Like with voice, an existing music track can't also be made to fit a purpose it was never intended to. Implementing a piece of customized music ensures it is unique to the business and comes without any predetermined judgements. Physical attributes, such as volume, pitch and tempo, should all be taken into consideration when devising the track to help communicate emotional meaning and complement existing branding.
The construction industry trends to favor fast-paced music which is motivated in feel and upbeat in tempo. The mixture of live and electronic instrumentation reflects the trustworthy and personable nature of the business, reinforcing the attributes of the voice.
Is choosing one specific theme song a bad idea?
Overplaying a song can cause problems as sound fatigue can eventually kick in. Similarly, listening to the same audio messages while on hold can become boring and the listener will simply switch off. Refreshing the content on a regular basis ensures callers stay engaged while keeping customers informed about new services or recently acquired accreditations.
The sounds customers hear throughout every interaction with your business can subtly influence buying behavior and can be the difference in attracting new custom or putting people off. Construction firms would be wise to not only consider how well they look but how good they sound too.


text:
Forums >
Digital Art and Retouching >
Challenges, Contests, and Samples >
fun shoot to play around with
here are some images from a shoot send me your email and i will send the raw links send images back for permission before posting outside of this forum
preview http://www.mediafire.com/?as44c8t2sg7ji Oct 07 12 01:48 pm Link Moderator Note!
D2imaging wrote: Please see forum rules.
1. Images which are posted in this forum must have permission and explicitly state that permission from the copyright holder has been granted, and that he/she agrees with the following rules.
Oct 07 12 02:15 pm Link ok just worded wrong permission is granted Oct 07 12 02:54 pm Link Can I have a link to the second link? (that confused me lol)
email@example.com Oct 07 12 08:00 pm Link love the pics they are amazing, could i have the link email@example.com thanks Oct 08 12 08:34 am Link There are a couple I would enjoy working on. Thanks - firstname.lastname@example.com Oct 09 12 03:35 pm Link Love to try and work on a few. Please email to me at email@example.com. Oct 09 12 05:12 pm Link Oct 10 12 08:27 am Link NICE YES SEND ME THE HI RES LOOKS GREAT!!!!! Oct 10 12 10:53 am Link Excellent work! Whether I can receive the link?
firstname.lastname@example.com Thanks! Oct 13 12 12:22 am Link Oct 16 12 08:35 am Link |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Volfenac Gel
Volfenac Gel may be available in the countries listed below.
Ingredient matches for Volfenac Gel
Diclofenac diethylamine (a derivative of Diclofenac) is reported as an ingredient of Volfenac Gel in the following countries:
- Mexico
← International Drug Name Search
Important Notice: The Drugs.com international database is in BETA release. This means it is still under development and may contain inaccuracies. It is not intended as a substitute for the expertise and judgement of your physician, pharmacist or other healthcare professional. It should not be construed to indicate that the use of any medication in any country is safe, appropriate or effective for you. Consult with your healthcare professional before taking any medication.


text:
read reviews [2]
Serves 12-14
There's a lot going on in the kitchen on Thanksgiving, so when it comes to cooking the turkey, take a low-maintenance approach. The technique here is fairly hands-off. The instructions are for a 14-pound turkey, which serves 12 to 14 people, but they can be used for larger or smaller birds; just adjust the roasting time accordingly.
Heat the oven to 325°F. Remove the neck, giblets, and tail (save these for the broth recipe) from the turkey, as well as any plastic parts, like leg connectors or pop-up timers. Rinse the turkey well inside and out and pat it dry thoroughly with paper towels. Truss the turkey, if you like. Rub the turkey all over with olive oil or melted clarified butter; this helps the turkey brown evenly. (You can also use melted whole butter, but the milk solids might make the turkey a little spotted.) Sprinkle the turkey with salt to help crisp the skin.
Put the turkey, breast side down, on a V-shaped rack in a roasting pan, preferably a heavy-duty flameproof pan so that you can make the gravy in it later. Roast the turkey (with the legs pointing to the back of the oven if possible) for 1 hour.
With wads of paper towels in both hands, lift the turkey at the neck and tail ends and flip it breast side up. Continue roasting until a thermometer inserted in the thickest part of the thighs reads 170°F, another 2 to 2-1/2 hours. While the turkey roasts, baste it every 30 minutes or so with oil, butter, or pan drippings and rotate the pan occasionally for even browning. Transfer the turkey to a carving board or platter, tent it loosely with foil, and let it rest for 20 to 30 minutes while you make the gravy. Remove the trussing strings before carving.
Don't forget the sides and dessert. Serve the turkey with Apple & Bacon Stuffing, Green Beans with Toasted Almonds, and Rustic Mashed Potatoes. Pie's not your thing? Finish the meal with Pumpkin Sage Bundt Cake.
nutrition information (per serving): Size : based on 14 servings without skin, Calories (kcal): 400, Fat (kcal): 13, Fat Calories (g): 120, Saturated Fat (g): 4, Protein (g): 66, Monounsaturated Fat (g): 4, Carbohydrates (mg): 0, Polyunsaturated Fat (mg): 3, Sodium (g): 770, Cholesterol (g): 170, Fiber (g): 0,
Photo: Scott Phillips


text:
Automated collection utilizes mechanical lifting devises to lift and empty specialized solid waste roll carts into collection vehicles. There are two methods of automated collection. "Fully-automated" collection vehicles use a mechanical arm, operated from the cab of the collection vehicle, to lift and empty the roll carts from the side of the vehicle. "Semi-automated" collection uses lifting plates, mounted on the rear of the vehicle, to which collection crews wheel the roll cart and hydraulically lift and empty. Both methods will be utilized.
The City of Moscow has researched the benefits, municipal waste collection best practices and feasibility of a roll cart based system to satisfy a goal of the 2011 Sanitation Strategic Plan endorsed by the Sustainable Environment Commission and adopted by City Council. The City is always working to find ways to improve collection services, efficiency and manage costs. The roll carts have hinged attached lids, convenient handle, wheels for ease of maneuverability and a long life expectancy. Many lids, from garbage cans used in the past, were missing or had long since blown away. Moscow receives over 27 inches of precipitation annually. This adds hundreds of unnecessary and preventable tons of water weight each year, to the waste stream and storm water system. This adds thousands of $$$$ each year to disposal costs. One garbage can, with a missing lid, can contribute over 300 pounds per year in preventable water weight to the waste stream. The roll carts enhance neighborhood health, safety, cleanliness and aesthetics.
The implementation is August 1, 2013. You will likely have your new roll cart delivered prior to that date. Older garbage cans will no longer be serviced due to the incompatibility with the automated collection equipment.
Each home may choose an easy-to-use roll cart, from 35, 65 and 95 gallon capacities, that best fits their individual needs. Simply place bagged garbage into the cart, ensure the lid is fully closed and roll it to the curb or alley, leaving the handle facing your home and free (3 feet) from any obstacles or other carts, on your regular collection day. Roll carts must be placed out for collection by 7:00 a.m. on collection day and must be promptly removed from the curbline or collection area(s) by no later than 12:00 p.m. (noon) the next day following the scheduled collection day.
It is important that customers choose a roll cart size that adequately contains their waste the vast majority of the time. If you have more garbage than fits in your roll cart, it will be subject to additional fees. Garbage tags will no longer be used or accepted beginning August 1, 2013. The monthly fee for the next larger sized roll cart will be less expensive than a single extra garbage fee. The appropriate sized roll cart choice, allows the space for occasional extra volume. It is also important to remember when filling the roll cart, materials should not be packed down, but placed loosely in the cart. Roll carts will not empty properly if materials are packed tightly. Remember, it is not required or encouraged to fully fill you roll cart each week.
Yes. The City of Moscow has a "volume based" system. The variable size, variable rate system allows residents to choose a roll cart size that best fits their needs. In this utility-like arrangement, the amount customers pay is proportionate to their level of trash service. Volume based billing reflects the ideology that residents who produce more landfill waste should be charged accordingly. Tailoring the size of the roll cart to the amount of waste produced and charging a higher fee for larger cart sizes encourages residents to recycle and reduce the amount of waste disposed.
No. The roll cart(s) will be supplied by the City's franchised solid waste collection company, Latah Sanitation, Inc. (LSI). The carts will remain the property of LSI. They will be registered to your specific property and service address (via serial number and RFID) and will stay with that address should you move.
Latah Sanitation, Inc. (LSI) will replace lost or stolen roll carts, subject to a replacement fee. Damaged roll carts, due to normal wear and tear, will be repaired or replaced, at no cost, by LSI. Damaged roll carts, due to misuse or abuse, will be repaired or replaced by LSI and may be subject to repair or replacement fee.
New services may request one size change, within the first sixty (60) days, free of charge. Size change requests following this initial period, will be subject to additional charges. Roll cart size changes are generally conducted on your scheduled collection day. Crews will exchange carts after the routes are completed. This allows crews to exchange your cart after it has been emptied. Call the City of Moscow Utility Billing Office at 208.883.7043 to request service changes.
If your garbage is missed, call Latah Sanitation, Inc. (LSI) as soon as possible at 208.882.5724. In most cases your garbage can be collected the same day or by 5:00 p.m. the following work day. LSI will provide one (1) free return service per calendar year. Depending on the circumstances, additional return services may be subject to an additional fee.


text:
Circuit Judges
Circuit Judges process into Westminster Abbey to attend their Annual Service of Thanksgiving in London, England. The start of the legal year is marked with a traditional religious service; judges arrive from the Royal Courts of Justice and afterwards process to The Houses of Parliament where the Lord Chancellor hosts a reception.
Getty Images
© 2017, Chicago Tribune


text:
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Notify Me When Available
Please enter your email so we can alert you when the Women's Sleeveless with Crochet Hem and Criss Cross Back Solid Top in is back in stock. We promise not to spam you. You will only be notified once.
Popular fringe fashion.
Details make the difference for this super-soft pastel top. Crochet hem and fringe add a playful effect while a crisscross back is sure to flatter.
- Styling: Tank
- Sleeve Length: Sleeveless
- Neckline: U-neck
- Back: Criss Cross Design
- Fabric: 96% Rayon/4% Spandex
- Care: Machine Wash. For further care instructions see label inside garment.
- Origin: Imported


text:
Viewing and editing your metafiles
The primary token of exchange for graphical imagery in NCL and NCAR Graphics is the NCAR Computer Graphics Metafile (NCGM), which can be produced directly from running NCL scripts or NCAR Graphics programs. This document describes a suite of applications that may be used to display and manipulate NCGMs. Many of the applications described in this document may also ingest valid ANSI-standard Computer Graphics Metafiles (CGMs), provided they are transformed into NCGM format using the tools discussed later in this document.
The primary components covered in this section are:
- filters to convert CGM files to and from NCAR's privately encoded format
- ctrans---a translator for sequential frame display to your terminal or workstation window and for output to many hardcopy devices
- ictrans--- a text-based, interactive version of ctrans that may be used from any graphics terminal and the X11 windowing system
- idt--- a graphical user interface (GUI) to ictrans
- med--- a text-based, frame-level
interactive NCGM editor
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- GUIs are supported by and require the X11 Window System. Text-based interfaces are typically equivalent in function to GUIs but only require a standard UNIX environment. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
The examples in this document assume that you are using csh, the C shell. If you are using ksh, the Korn shell, or sh, the Bourne shell, you may want to get help from your system administrator. If you are not sure what shell you are using, check with your system administrator.This section discusses the environment variables that must be set. Many of the environment variables are invariant from one session to the next, so you may want to place them in your .login or .cshrc file. Your site administrator may have already preconfigured your environment for you. To determine which variables are already set, type:
Search path
You must make sure that the NCL and NCAR Graphics executables and the current working directory, ".", are on your search path. You must also make sure that the appropriate NCL and NCAR Graphics environment variables are set. Please see the NCL environment variables section for information on setting critical environment variables.
Metafile translators
When using NCL metafile translators you must either set the GRAPHCAP environment variable to reflect the graphics device you are using, or provide the device name as a command line argument. To determine which devices are supported, you can type:
gcapsThe general form for setting your graphcap is:
setenv GRAPHCAP device_nameAs an example, if you are running under X11 you would use:
setenv GRAPHCAP X11You may want to set this variable in your .login or .cshrc file so that it will always be available. The device_name may also be specified on the command line for the translators, thus overriding the environment variable.
X11 users
If you are an X user, you will also need to set the DISPLAY environment variable. For example, if both your X server and your translator will run on the same local machine then type:
setenv DISPLAY:0or possibly:
setenv DISPLAY unix:0Check with your system administrator if you are not sure.
If you are running remotely on a machine named pebbles and your local workstation where your X11 server is running is named bambam, then you need to set your DISPLAY environment variable on pebbles with:
setenv DISPLAY bambam:0and on bambam execute:
xhost + pebbles
Translator fonts
Finally, you may optionally want to specify a font other than the default to be used for subsequent metafile translation of text. The FONTCAP environment variable may be set:
This section provides several simple examples that demonstrate the
basic steps for using the metafile (NCGM) translator ctrans. We assume that your NCARG_ROOT
and possibly DISPLAY environment variables have been set correctly as
discussed above. Before you start you will need an NCGM. You can
create an NCGM by executing:
For most of the output devices supported by ctrans, the metafile translation process
results in a stream of device-specific commands being written to the
standard output. This command stream may be captured for subsequent
processing. For example, the command:
Sometimes it is desirable for the purposes of debugging to see what
CGM commands are actually contained in your metafile. The ctrans clear-text driver may be used to
convert your binary-encoded NCGM into a human-readable ASCII
representation. For example:
The command:
ctrans offers a suite of command
line options for controlling the translation process performed on a
metafile which may ultimately determine the appearance of your
ictrans, a text-based interactive
version of the metafile translator ctrans, will read commands from any
terminal. With ictrans, you are
no longer limited to sequential metafile access. Interactive
translation may be desirable if your metafile contains lots of
metafile frames or if you simply want to take advantage of some of the
functionality in ictrans that is
not available in ctrans. You
invoke ictrans by typing:
The command for viewing a metafile frame is plot (you can type
p for short). Typing plot at the ictrans> prompt will
cause the first frame in the metafile to be displayed. ictrans is case sensitive; typing
PLOT will not work. After the frame has been plotted, you can
press RETURN to signal ictrans to
re-enter command mode (you should see the ictrans>
prompt). Entering a second plot command will cause the next
frame, if any, to be displayed:
So far, we have only shown sequential metafile access. ictrans allows for random frame access
as well. To view the fifth frame in a file, type:
For convenience, several frames may be listed on a single command
line. To view the first through third, the fifth, and the last frame,
ictrans allows you to save the
metafile describing a frame, or set of frames, to a file. If this file
already exists, the saved frames are appended at the end. If the file
does not exist, it will be created for you. To save the current frame
to a file named save.ncgm, type:
you type:
If the necessary hardware and software exist at your site, ictrans may have been configured to
translate metafile frames and send them to a printer. To determine
whether ictrans has been
configured for printing to a spooled device, type:
For more information about configuring ictrans for printing metafiles, see the
documents on ictrans and ncarv_spool.
The ictrans zoom command
allows you to zoom or pan any area of your plot. For example, the
following command will result in the bottom-left quarter of the
current frame being drawn so that it fills the entire graphics window:
It is sometimes desirable to access ictrans functionality in a
noninteractive, or batch, environment. For example, you may want be
able to send selected metafile frames to a printer from inside a shell
script. You might be able to use ctrans to accomplish this task, but
ctrans provides no flexible
mechanism for choosing which frames get sent; ctrans will send the entire file. As we
have seen, ictrans provides a
rich addressing model for selecting pieces of a metafile for
processing. To facilitate the use of ictrans in a batch mode, ictrans accepts all of its commands on
the UNIX command line by preceding them with a -e flag.
For example:
Yet another interactive metafile translator is idt. What makes idt different from ictrans is that idt has a point-and-click or graphical user
interface (GUI). It may only be used on a workstation (or X terminal)
supporting the X11 windowing system.
This section provides examples of using idt's more common features. For a complete
description of idt functionality, see
the idt man page.
Once again we assume that you have set your NCARG_ROOT and DISPLAY
environment variables correctly as discussed in the
"Environment" section. Furthermore, idt requires a device specification of
X11. One way to accomplish this is by setting your GRAPHCAP
environment variable to X11:
setenv GRAPHCAP X11
A note on entering text: In many of the examples that follow, you will
be asked to enter text into a "text widget" that appears on
your screen as part of the application. To enter text into a text
widget, you must move the mouse sprite so that it is completely inside
the surrounding text widget box. Depending on your system's
configuration, the sprite should change appearances to confirm its
position within the text widget. The Athena Text widget provides many
keyboard editing commands. These commands allow you to edit the
buffer. The default key bindings are patterned after those in the
emacs editor. For example, typing CONTROL-k will delete from the
cursor to the end of the line, and DELETE key will delete the previous
character. If you are familiar with the emacs editor, you should have
no trouble entering text into NCAR Graphics GUIs. If you are not
familiar with emacs, you may have to experiment a little to get the
hang of it.
You are now ready to examine a metafile on your X11 workstation or X11
terminal. See the preceding section "Getting
started---Translating metafiles with ctrans" for
instructions on creating a metafile. The following examples assume you
have already created a metafile and its name is bnchmk.ncgm. We
also assume that you have not modified any of the X11 resources that
describe the appearance of idt.
Invoke idt by typing:
The control panel (Figure 1) provides a simple mechanism for managing
displays (Figure 2). A display represents a metafile, a drawing
canvas, and a set of functions for determining how the metafile is
plotted on the drawing canvas. The control panel simply allows you to
create and destroy displays. Before you can "create" a
display, you need to "select" a metafile. A metafile can be
selected either by using the <select file> button on the control
panel or by placing its name on the command line. Invoking idt with a metafile name as a command line
argument not only "selects" the metafile but also
"creates" the display.
On most systems, the name of the metafile appears in the title bar at
the top of the display. The first row in the display contains a scroll
bar for randomly selecting a frame to be translated. The label bar to
the right displays the number of the frame to which you have
scrolled. The display is intended to resemble a video tape
recorder. Thus, the second row contains <playback>,
<jogback>, <stop>, <jog>, and <play> buttons,
respectively. The third and fourth rows contain more complex display
commands. See Figure 2.
There are two ways to randomly access frames in your metafile: the
first is by using the scrollbar in the upper left corner of the
display panel. The second is by using the <goto> button in the
third row. When you select <goto>, a small popup dialog box
appears and prompts you for the number of the frame to display. If you
enter 2 and then select <ok> from the <goto> popup, the
second frame in the metafile will be displayed.
It is sometimes convenient, particularly with large NCGMs, to work
with only a subset of the frames contained in the file. The <start
segment> and <stop segment> buttons allow you to define such
a subset, called a segment. Initially, the defined segment is the
entire file. The <start segment> and <stop segment>
buttons allow you to redefine the starting and ending frame
boundaries, respectively, of the current segment. Subsequent idt commands will treat the metafile as if
it only contained the frames defined by the current segment. For
example, if you select the <play> button after setting <stop
segment> to 4, playing will halt after the fourth frame in the file
is displayed.
The <save> button allows you to write the metafile
describing the current frame to a file. This file can translated at a
later time. When you select <save>, a dialog popup appears
asking you for the name of the file to save to. Enter the name of the
file and select <ok>. If the file already exists and it is a
valid NCAR CGM, the current frame will be appended to this file. If
the file exists and it is not an NCAR CGM, it will be overwritten. If
the file does not exist, it will be created.
The <zoom> button is used for zooming and panning an area
displayed in the drawing canvas. For example, suppose you want the
upper left corner of the currently displayed plot to be blown up to
fill the entire drawing canvas. Select <zoom> from the display
panel. The mouse sprite should change its shape, signaling to you that
you are in zoom mode. Move the sprite to the center of the drawing
canvas. Click and hold any of the mouse buttons. Move the sprite to
the upper left corner of the viewing window and release the mouse
button. The rectangular area described by the sprite motions will be
redrawn to fill the entire viewing window. To unzoom your plot, select
the <unzoom> button from the fourth row of the display panel.
One of idt's most useful features is
its ability to perform animation on the desktop. Before we discuss how
to use this powerful tool, it may help to briefly explain the hows and
whys of desktop animation.
You may have already noticed when experimenting with the <play>
and <playback> buttons that no matter how fast your X server is,
the ensuing sequence of images displayed to your screen does not make
a very acceptable animation: To your eye it appears as though images
flicker and fail to proceed along in a smooth, animated motion. This
is due to an anomaly known as "temporal aliasing." Temporal
aliasing results partially from the fact that whatever is drawn on the
drawing canvas (lines, filled areas, etc.) is immediately
visible. Another factor is the speed at which objects are drawn. As
the complexity of an image increases, so does the drawing time.
One way to help alleviate temporal aliasing is to postpone the display
of an image until it is completely drawn. This is how the animate
function works in idt; images (or
frames) are predrawn into an area of memory managed by the X
server. When it is time to display each frame in an animation
sequence, the entire frame can be posted to the drawing canvas
instantly. The rate at which successive images can be posted in this
manner is not affected by the complexity of the image, but rather on
its spatial resolution (width and height in pixels). If the images are
small enough in terms spatial resolution, the X server will be able to
display them rapidly and at a constant rate to produce a smooth,
flicker-free animation.
There is one drawback to this approach, however: the amount of RAM
(random access memory) required to store each predrawn image. RAM is a
limited resource on any workstation or X terminal. Be aware that it is
the X server memory that is of concern here. X servers run on the
workstation that is physically attached to your graphics display.
On most systems, the amount of memory required by an animation
sequence can be computed by multiplying the number of pixels in the
drawing canvas by the number of frames in the sequence. For example,
if your drawing canvas is 512 by 512 pixels and you have 10 frames,
then the total memory required is about 512 * 512 * 10 = 2,621,440
bytes. The amount of memory that is actually available to your X
server will vary depending on how much physical memory is installed on
your machine and what other processes are currently running. So how do
you determine how "big" an animation you can run?
Experimentation is probably the best method. Start with something
small, just a few frames, then move up. If the animation gets too big,
there will be a noticeable degradation in performance.
One final word of caution: UNIX processes typically do not free up
dynamically allocated memory for other processes to use until they
exit. Using idt to animate imagery
may cause your X server to grow substantially. On some systems, this
is a trivial issue because each console login session starts a new X
server. On other systems, it may be necessary to restart your server
manually if it grows too big. Check with your system
administrator. Your system administrator should also be able to tell
you how to monitor the size of your X server.
Below are the steps, and some guidelines, for successfully animating a
sequence of metafile imagery.
The first step is to determine how many and which frames you want to
animate from your file. As discussed, it's likely that it will not be
possible to animate your entire file at once. Fortunately, idt provides a convenient mechanism for
selecting only a portion of your image file: segments (see the section
on idt segments). When you enter
animate mode, only the currently defined segment is preprocessed and
loaded into server memory. By default, the current segment is the
entire metafile, so you may need to define a new segment. Defining a
new segment is a simple process and was discussed earlier in the
"idt segments" section. We'll assume we are still
working with the bnchmk.ncgm file, which only contains six
frames. For this example, we will animate the entire file. You may
want to check the value of the <start segment> and <stop
segment> to verify that the current segment is indeed the entire
The next step is to select the <animate> button. idt will begin processing the frames in the
segment and loading them into server memory. For our example, this
should only take a few seconds. For a really large segment, this
process might take several minutes (Note: the total
preprocessing time also depends on the size of the drawing
canvas.). The text window in the control panel will keep you informed
of idt's progress.
When the preprocessing is complete, the text window in the control
panel will display the message "Done loading x
images," where x is the number of frames in your
segment. Now you can start your animation. The animation is controlled
the same way that the display of normal metafile imagery is
controlled. Selecting the <play> button will "play"
your animation in the forward direction. The <playback> button
will cause your animation to play backward. If <loop> is turned
on, the animation will loop repeatedly until the <stop> button
is selected.
One animation feature that is only available in animation
mode is the <delay> button. If your animation is moving too
fast, you can slow it down by setting a delay time, in 1/100's of a
second. By default, the delay time is 0.
To terminate your animation and go back to normal metafile processing,
select the <animate> button a second time.
When you are done viewing a particular metafile, you can terminate the
display session by selecting the <done> button. Terminating a
display session does not terminate the entire application. To exit
idt, you may select <quit> from
the main control panel at any time.
Once idt is up and running, you may
want to take advantage of idt's file
browser for selecting metafiles for translation. idt has a built-in file finder that you can
access by selecting the <select file> button from the control
panel. Selecting this button at any time causes a popup menu labeled
"file finder" to appear. The names of the files in your
current working directory should be listed in the text box in the
middle of this file selector. If you created the bnchmk.ncgm
metafile earlier, you should see it listed somewhere in this box. You
may need to use the scrollbar to bring it into view. When you have
found it, select bnchmk.ncgm with the mouse. The string
bnchmk.ncgm should appear in the box labeled
"selection," indicating that bnchmk.ncgm is the
current selection.
The uppermost box of the popup file selector contains a text widget
with an asterisk (*) displayed. The asterisk is the metacharacter used
in both the Bourne shell and the C shell for matching zero or more
characters in a filename. Hence all the files in the current directory
are displayed in the middle box. You can change the mask for the file
finder by simply editing the file finder text widget and selecting
<finder>. For example, if you enter:
When the desired filename is displayed in the selection box, you may
confirm your choice by selecting <ok>. You have now informed
idt of the name of the next metafile
to process. idt will pop up a new
display panel with which to plot the new metafile.
The med program is a frame-level metafile editor similar in
style and syntax to ed, the UNIX line editor. med allows
you to interactively modify metafiles at the frame level. It is
important to understand that the smallest atomic object that
med can work with is a frame. med does not allow you to
change the appearance of individual frames, except when you composite
frames on top of each other.
All of med's editing functions are performed in a temporary
buffer. This greatly improves the speed with which med can
perform its actions. Changes made in the buffer have no effect on the
original file until the buffer is written to disk with the
write command. If you terminate a med session without
saving the buffer, all changes will be lost.
Under normal invocation, med will enter command mode and
display the prompt med>. The prompt is a signal that med is
ready to accept commands from the user. The basic format of a
med command is:
Assuming you have an NCAR CGM named bnchmk.ncgm, invoke
med with the command:
To list the contents of the buffer at any time, use the print
command. The print command will report a frame's offset, that
is, its relative position in the file, the number of 1440-byte records
contained in the frame, the offset of the first record of the frame in
the file, and an optional description of the frame if it exists. To
list the entire contents of the buffer containing the bnchmk.ncgm
metafile type:
To write the first three frames in bnchmk.ncgm to a file called
test.ncgm, type:
To append a frame to an existing file, use the append
command. If you use the write command as in the previous
example, the file will be overwritten and will only contain the sixth
bnchmk.ncgm frame. To append the sixth frame of
bnchmk.ncgm to the end of the file test.ncgm, type:
To read the contents of another NCGM into the current buffer without
destroying the buffer contents, use the read command:
Suppose you have a single NCGM that contains a large number of
frames. Since large NCGMs can be quite unwieldy, it is often more
convenient to have several smaller files than one huge one. The split
command can be used to divide a single file into an ordered sequence
of smaller ones. For example, suppose you were editing a large
metafile with 1,000 frames in it. You could use the command:
The number of split files created does not have to be an integral
divisor of the total number of frames. med will do its best to
keep the same number of frames in each split file.
To duplicate a set of frames and place them somewhere else in the
metafile, use the copy command. The general format of the
copy command is:
To remove some frames from the buffer, use the delete
command. To delete the last two frames in the buffer:
The move command can be used to change the relative position of
frames in a metafile. Like the copy command, the general format
of the move command is:
The med utility can do a limited amount of compositing with the
merge command. merge will append the drawing
instructions of one frame to the end of another frame. When plotted,
the resulting image appears as if one frame were composited on top of
another. The command:
The edit command causes the entire contents of the buffer to be
erased and replaced with a new metafile. The command:
The edit command has a safeguard to prevent you from
accidentally destroying changes made to a buffer that have not been
saved. If unsaved changes exist, the edit command will fail and
print a warning message. To prevent this, save the file before
executing edit:
The help command, without any arguments, provides a list of all
available commands and a brief synopsis of what each command does. It
will also give you the appropriate syntax for a particular
command. For example, if you type:
Like ictrans, med offers a batch or command line processing
capability that is sometimes preferable to the interactive
Like ictrans, med performs commands from the command line using
the -e option.
For example, when issued from the command line, the command:
The command:
NCL and NCAR Graphics provide utilities to facilitate interoperability
with other software. In essence, these tools may provide a bridge
between NCL/NCAR Graphics and some of the more ubiquitous software
packages that may be available at your site. This section identifies
these tools and takes a brief look at how they are commonly used.
CGMs that were not created by NCL or NCAR Graphics are not suitable
for processing by NCL/NCAR Graphics applications. NCGMs contain
information not present in vanilla CGMs; this information helps to
speed up the parsing of the file. This parsing information must be
added to "vanilla" CGMs before they can be processed by
NCL and NCAR Graphics applications. The command:
Similarly, NCGMs cannot be parsed by non-NCAR Graphics
applications. To convert the NCGM ncar.ncgm to the vanilla CGM
vanilla.cgm, use:
Many commercial and public-domain scientific visualization packages
accept raster imagery as an input source. The primary image format
used by NCAR Graphics is the NCGM. However, you may use ctrans to convert your NCGM into a
number of different raster image formats. The general way to make such
a conversion is:
The command:
For example:
specifies that the cursive font, font10, be used.Getting started --- Translating metafiles with ctrans
which will leave the file bnchmk.ncgm in your current working
directory. Viewing your NCGM
Below are the steps for sequentially displaying the contents of an
NCGM on three different devices. Use the command(s) appropriate for
your workstation. From a Televideo vt100 graphics terminal:
On a workstation running the X Window System:
In all three cases, the first of six frames should appear on your
screen. You can sequentially advance through the NCGM by pressing the
RETURN key after each frame is plotted. In a window-based environment,
such as X11, make sure that the mouse sprite is in the graphics window
created by ctrans. Also, in a
window-based environment, clicking the left mouse button has the same
effect as pressing RETURN. You can terminate processing at any time by
sending ctrans an interrupt signal
(typing CONTROL-c on most systems). Printing your NCGM
translates the entire bnchmk.ncgm metafile into PostScript and
writes it to the file bnchmk.ps. When the standard output of
ctrans is redirected to a file (or
a pipe) in this manner, it is not necessary to press the RETURN key
between frames. ctrans will process all the frames in the file
and then exit without waiting for any user interaction. The file
bnchmk.ps may now be sent to a PostScript printer for printing,
possibly with the command:
ctrans can also generate output
suitable for printing on HP LaserJet printers that do not support
The lpr command used above is simply an example. Printing commands
vary widely from site to site. Your system administrator should be able
to provide you with the printing command appropriate for your site.
For a complete list of supported output devices, execute the
gcaps command.Examining the contents of your NCGM
converts bnchmk.ncgm into clear text and sends the output to
the UNIX pager, more.
counts the number of CGM polyline elements that appear in the file
The ANSI CGM standard defines three encoding schemes for CGMs:
binary, character, and clear text. The clear text produced by the
ctrans -d CTXT option does not conform to the ANSI definition for clear
text encoding and is not acceptable as input to other CGM clear-text
interpreters. It is merely intended as a debugging aid for the user.
Controlling NCGM translation
Interactive metafile translation
Interactive ctrans (ictrans)
where metafile_name is the path to a valid NCGM. As with ctrans, you need to specify the output
device you want to translate to either on the command line as in:
or with the GRAPHCAP variable:
Upon invocation, ictrans will
respond with an account of the number of frames contained in the
metafile followed by the ready prompt ictrans>. Be patient; many of
the functions in ictrans require
information embedded in the metafile. The time required to extract
this information depends on the size of the NCGM.
ictrans> p
Note to X users: When ictrans is
displaying to an X window, you may find it convenient to operate in
movie mode. When ictrans is in
movie mode, a RETURN is not necessary to put ictrans into command mode after
plotting a frame from your metafile. Enter movie mode by typing:
ictrans> movie 0
You can abbreviate the command plot by typing p; all
ictrans commands may be
abbreviated up to the point that they are unique. For a complete list
of ictrans commands type:
ictrans> help
or just:
ictrans> h
Random access
ictrans> 5p
Relative addressing is also possible. To view the last frame in a file type:
ictrans> $p
Here, the $ is an alias for the last frame in the metafile.
ictrans> 1,3 5 $p
After processing each frame, ictrans waits for you to press RETURN
before proceeding with the next frame. You can read the man
page for ictrans by typing:
ictrans> ! man ictrans
(Typing ! returns you to the UNIX shell for one command.)Saving a metafile
ictrans> save save.ncgm
The current frame is the last frame plotted. (If no frames have been
plotted the current frame is the first frame in the metafile.)
ictrans> s save.ncgm
ictrans will tell you that the
command is ambiguous because the s command could stand for
either save or spooler. You can, however, abbreviate
save with sa. The save command uses identical
syntax to the plot command for addressing frames (as do all ictrans commands). To save the third
through last frame to the file foo.ncgm , type:
ictrans> 3,$s foo.ncgm
The newly created file, foo.ncgm, may now be translated just
like any other NCGM. If you type:
ictrans> file foo.ncgm
foo.ncgm will be read into the translator for processing. The
file command is used to change the current file being
processed.Printing metafiles
ictrans> spooler
If ictrans responds with anything
other than "" (null), then there exists at least one device
to which ictrans can send
translated code. The current printing device name is given by the
spooler command when spooler is executed without any
arguments as above. (The ictrans
command alias, without any arguments, lists all available
printing devices, if any.) For example, if spooler responds
with a device named "postscript," then to send the first
three frames of your file to this device after translation, type:
ictrans> 1,3Print
Don't forget to capitalize the P in Print. The P
is capitalized so Print can be abbreviated and not conflict
with p for plot.Zooming in on your plot
ictrans> ;zoom .0 .0 .5 .5
The two pairs of numbers, (.0, .0) and (.5, .5), specify the lower
left and upper right coordinates, respectively, of the frame to be
viewed. The new coordinate specification remains in place until
changed with a subsequent zoom command. To restore normal
viewing type:
ictrans> zoom .0 .0 1. 1.
Batch processing
ictrans -e 'spooler postscript' -e '$ Print' bnchmk.ncgm
would translate the last frame (the $ frame) in the metafile,
presumably into PostScript, and send it to the spooled device named
"postscript". Don't forget to enclose all -e options
in single quotes or the shell will mistakenly interpret special
characters, like $, for you.Interactive display tool --- idt
Translating metafiles (idt)
idt bnchmk.ncgm
Two windows should appear on your screen. The position and dimensions
of these windows may be adjusted with the mouse after it appears, or
it may be pre-set through your X resource file. The details for
manipulating window geometry after the window appears depend on the
window manager you are running. See your system administrator, or
consult the document "The X Window System at NCAR," which
offers some guidelines for customizing your X11 environment.The idt control panel
The display panel
If you select the <jog> button (the fourth button from the left
on the second row), the first frame in the file should be
displayed. Selecting this button a second time will cause the second
frame to be displayed, and so forth. You can go backward through the
file one frame at a time by selecting the <jogback> button, the
second button from the left on the second row. The buttons on either
end of the second row are for continuous playing in either the reverse
or forward directions, respectively. The <stop> button in the
middle halts either <play> or <playback>.idt segments <start segment> <stop segment>
Continuous playing <loop>
The <loop> button toggles the continuous play mode of idt on and off for subsequent
"plays" When idt is in
continuous play mode, the currently defined segment is treated as if
it were circular. There is no longer a beginning and ending frame in
the segment. Selecting <play> (or <playback>) will cause
idt to display all the frames in the
current segment, and then return to the first (or last) frame and
start over. Playing will not stop until aborted by selecting the
<stop> button.Printing frames <print>
Your site may have facilities for printing translated metafiles. idt may provide an interface to these
devices, depending on how the application has been
configured. Selecting the <print> button will present you with a
menu of the known printing devices for which idt has been configured. If you select
<print> and a menu appears, you may select a printer by dragging
the mouse sprite down to the desired menu item and releasing the mouse
button. Selecting a printer sends the current frame to that
device. New printers may be added dynamically to idt. Consult the man page on ncarv_spool for details.Saving metafiles <save>
Enlarging a plot <zoom>
Desktop animation <animate>
Terminating a plotting session <done>
The idt file browser
and select <finder> or press RETURN, all of the files in the
current directory with the ".ncgm" name extension will be
displayed. Or, if you enter:
all of the files in the user directory /u1/joe will be
displayed. Metafile editing
The med program
where address is an optional field listing a range of
frames on which to perform the named command. Frames are numbered
starting with 1. A comma-separated pair of numbers specifies an
inclusive range of frames on which to operate. If no address is given,
the current frame is assumed as default. As with ictrans, med
commands may be abbreviated up to the point that they are unique. A
complete description of addressing syntax is given in the man
page for med.
med bnchmk.ncgm
med will respond with the number of frames in the file. The
current frame is set to the last frame in the file. (Note that this is
different from ictrans, which uses the first frame in the file
as the default current frame). If bnchmk.ncgm was created with
the ncargex utility described earlier, med should report
the existence of six frames.Listing buffer contents (print)
med> 1,6print
A listing for each of the six frames will appear.Writing frames to a file (write)
med> 1,3write test.ncgm
The first three frames in bnchmk.ncgm will be written to
test.ncgm. If the file already exists, it is overwritten.Appending frames to a file (append)
med> 6 append test.ncgm
The file test.ncgm now contains the first through third and the
sixth frame from the file bnchmk.ncgm.Reading a file into the buffer (read)
med> read test.ncgm
This will read all of the frames contained in the file
test.ncgm and append them after the current frame. med
will report the number of frames read successfully. A destination
other than the current frame offset may be specified as the target for
the incoming frames. The command:
med> 1 read test.ncgm
will append the contents of the file test.ncgm after the first
frame in the buffer. The first frame in test.ncgm will become
the second frame in the buffer.Splitting a large metafile (split)
med> 1,$ split 10
to create a sequence of files named med001 through
med010, each containing one hundred frames. med001 would
contain the first hundred frames from the original file, med002
would contain the second hundred frames, and so forth. Copying frames (copy)
[source_frames] copy [destination]
where source_frames is a list of frames to copy and
destination is the destination frame of the copy. The
frames copied are appended after destination. For example, to make a
copy of the first two frames and place them at the end of the file,
med> 1,2 copy $
In this example, the $ is an alias for the last frame in a file. This
is helpful if you do not know how many frames are contained in the
NCGM.Deleting frames (delete)
med> $-1,$ delete
The $-1 denotes the offset of the last frame minus 1, that is, the
second from last frame. The second $ denotes the last frame, so $-1,$
denotes the last two frames in the buffer. Moving frames (move)
[source_frames] move [destination]
To move the first frame to the end of the file, making the second
frame the first frame and the original first frame the last frame,
med> 1 move $
Compositing frames (merge)
med> 1,2 merge
appends the drawing instructions contained in frame 2 to frame 1. This
changes frame 1, and frame 2 is unaltered.
This command may produce unexpected results depending on how
color and GKS point, line, and text attributes are specified in the
Editing a new file (edit)
med> edit test.ncgm
will read the file test.ncgm into the buffer.
med> w
or append a ! to the edit command. This tells
edit to disregard any unsaved changes:
med> edit ! test.ncgm
Obtaining help (help)
med> help delete
med will describe the syntax for the delete command. Batch processing
med -e '1,$ split 3 bnch' bnchmk.ncgm
would split the file bnchmk.ncgm into three smaller files:
bnch001.ncgm, bnch002.ncgm, and bnch003.ncgm.
med -e 'r bnch001.ncgm' -e 'r bnch002.ncgm' -e 'r bnch003.ncgm' -e 'w all.ncgm'
would concatenate the bnch* files into a single metafile,
all.ncgm. The all.ncgm file should be identical to the
original bnchmk.ncgm. Interoperability with other tools
Non-NCAR Computer Graphics Metafiles
cgm2ncgm < vanilla.cgm > ncar.ncgm
will read in a vanilla CGM named vanilla.cgm and produce
an NCAR CGM named ncar.ncgm.
ncgm2cgm < ncar.ncgm > vanilla.cgm
A converted CGM may not produce entirely correct results when
translated. NCAR Graphics translators operate on a subset of elements
of the CGM standard (as do many CGM translators) and thus may
encounter valid CGM elements that they do not know how to translate.
Similarly, NCGMs converted to vanilla CGMs are not guaranteed to be
correctly translated or even parsed by third-party translators.
Rasterizing NCGMs
ctrans -d format -res resolution metafile > raster_file
For example, the command:
ctrans -d hdf -res 512x512 myfile.ncgm > myfile.hdf
converts the NCGM myfile.ncgm into an HDF raster file,
myfile.hdf, with a 512x512 pixel resolution. HDF files are
accepted by the NCSA application XImage.
ctrans -d avs -res 200x200 myfile.ncgm > myfile.avs
converts myfile.ncgm into a 200x200-pixel AVS file. The AVS
raster file format is suitable for ingestion by the Application
Visualization System. Finally, an SGI raster file may be created with
a command like:
ctrans -d sgi -res 200x200 myfile.ncgm > myfile.sgi
SGI raster files are understood by Silicon Graphics Inc.'s Explorer.


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ABC in Banff
Hi all,
Last week I attended a wonderful meeting on Approximate Bayesian Computation in Banff, which gathered a nice crowd of ABC users and enthusiasts, including lots of people outside of computational stats, whom I wouldn't have met otherwise. Christian blogged about it there. My talk on Inference with Wasserstein distances is available as a video here (joint work with Espen Bernton, Mathieu Gerber and Christian Robert, the paper is here). In this post, I'll summarize a few (personal) points and questions on ABC methods, after recalling the basics of ABC (ahem).
Statistical inference with the Wasserstein distance
Hi! It's been too long!
In a recent arXiv entry, Espen Bernton, Mathieu Gerber and Christian P. Robert and I explore the use of the Wasserstein distance to perform parameter inference in generative models. A by-product is an ABC-type approach that bypasses the choice of summary statistics. Instead, one chooses a metric on the observation space. Our work fits in the minimum distance estimation framework and is particularly related to "On minimum Kantorovich distance estimators", by Bassetti, Bodini and Regazzini. A recent and very related paper is "Wasserstein training of restricted Boltzmann machines", by Montavon, Müller and Cuturi, who have similar objectives but are not considering purely generative models. Similarly to that paper, we make heavy use of recent breakthroughs in numerical methods to approximate Wasserstein distances, breakthroughs which were not available to Bassetti, Bodini and Regazzini in 2006.
Here I'll describe the main ideas in a simple setting. If you're excited about ABC, asymptotic properties of minimum Wasserstein estimators, Hilbert space-filling curves, delay reconstructions and Takens' theorem, or SMC samplers with r-hit kernels, check our paper!
Gaussian variates truncated to a finite interval
Alan Rogers, an anthropologist at University of Utah, got in touch with me about my paper on the simulation of truncated Gaussian distributions (journal version, arxiv version). The method I proposed in this paper works for either a finite interval [a,b], or a semi-finite one [a,+inf[, but my C code implements only the latter, and Alan needed the former.
Alan thus decided to re-implement my method and several others (including Christian Robert's accept-reject algorithm proposed in this paper) in C; see here:
Alan also sent me this interesting plot that compares the different methods. The color of a dot at position (a,b) corresponds to the fastest method for simulating N(0,1) truncated to [a,b];
A few personal remarks:
- My method is an accept-reject algorithm, where the proposal is a mixture of uniform distributions on rectangles. The point is to have a large probability that the number of basic operations (multiplication, division) needed to return the draw is small. However, the improvement brought by such a method might be be observable only in compiled languages. In an interpreted language such as R, Matlab and Python, loops over basic operations come with a certain overhead, which might cancel any improvement. This was the experience of a colleague who tried to implement it in Julia.
- Even in C, this comparison might depend on several factors (computer, compiler, libraries, and so on). If I remember correctly, the choice of the random generator in particular may have a significant impact. (I used the GSL library which makes it easy to try different generators for the same piece of code.)
- Also bear in mind that some progress has been made for computing the inverse CDF of a unit Gaussian distribution. Hence the basic inverse CDF method, while not being the fastest approach, works reasonably well these days, especially (again) in interpreted languages. (Update: Alan tells me the inverse CDF methods remains 10 times slower for his C implementation, based on the GSL library.)
Faà di Bruno's note on eponymous formula, trilingual version
The Italian mathematician Francesco Faà di Bruno was born in Alessandria (Piedmont, Italy) in 1825 and died in Turin in 1888. At the time of his birth, Piedmont used to be part of the Kingdom of Sardinia, led by the Dukes of Savoy. Italy was then unified in 1861, and the Kingdom of Sardinia became the Kingdom of Italy, of which Turin was declared the first capital. At that time, Piedmontese used to commonly speak both Italian and French.
Faà di Bruno is probably best known today for the eponymous formula which generalizes the derivative of a composition of two functions, , to any order:
over -tuples satisfying
Faà di Bruno published his formula in two notes:
- Faà Di Bruno, F. (1855). Sullo sviluppo delle funzioni. Annali di Scienze Matematiche e Fisiche, 6:479–480. Google Books link.
Faà Di Bruno, F. (1857). Note sur une nouvelle formule de calcul différentiel. Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 1:359–360. Google Books link.
They both date from December 1855, and were signed in Paris. They are similar and essentially state the formula without a proof. I have arXived a note which contains a translation from the French version to English (reproduced below), as well as the two original notes in French and in Italian. I've used for this the Erasmus MMXVI font, thanks Xian for sharing! (more…)
post-doc positions at ENSAE
interested in doing a post-doc with me on anything related to Bayesian Computation? Please let me know, as there is currently a call for post-doc grants at the ENSAE, see below.
Nicolas Chopin
The Labex ECODEC is a research consortium in Economics and Decision Sciences common to three leading French higher education institutions based in the larger Paris area: École polytechnique, ENSAE and HEC Paris. The Labex Ecodec offers:
- One-year postdoctoral fellowships for 2017-2018
Two-year postdoctoral fellowships for 2017-2019
The monthly gross salary of postdoctoral fellowships is 3 000 €.
Candidates are invited to contact as soon as possible members of the research group (see below) with whom they intend to work.
Research groups concerned by the call:
Area 1: Secure Careers in a Global Economy
Area 2: Financial Market Failures and Regulation
Area 3: Product Market Regulation and Consumer Decision-Making
Area 4: Evaluating the Impact of Public Policies and Firms' Decisions
Area 5: New Challenges for New Data
Details of axis can be found on the website:
Deadlines for application:
31st December 2016
Screening of applications and decisions can be made earlier for srong candidates who need an early decision.
The application should be sent to email@example.com in PDF. Please mention the area number on which you apply in the subject.
The application package includes:
- A cover letter with the name of a potential supervisor among the group;
- A research statement;
- A letter from the potential supervisor in support of the project;
- A Curriculum vita (with the address of the candidate, phone and e-mail contact).
- The Ph.D. dissertation or papers/preprint;
- Reference letters, including one from the PhD advisor. A letter from a member of the research group with whom the candidate is willing to interact will be appreciated.
Please note that HEC, Genes, and X PhD students are not eligible to apply for this call.
Selection will be based on excellence and a research project matching the group's research agenda.
Area 1 "Secure careers in a Global Economy": Pierre Cahuc (ENSAE), Dominique Rouziès (HEC), Isabelle Méjean (École polytechnique)
Area 2: "Financial Market Failures and Regulation": François Derrien (HEC), Jean-David Fermanian, (ENSAE) Edouard Challe (École polytechnique)
Area 3: "Decision-Making and Market Regulation": Nicolas Vieille (HEC), Philippe Choné (ENSAE), Marie-Laure Allain (École polytechnique)
Area 4: "Evaluating the Impact of Public Policies and Firm's Decisions": Bruno Crépon (ENSAE), Yukio Koriyama (École polytechnique), Daniel Halbheer (HEC)
Area 5: "New Challenges for New Data": Anna Simoni (ENSAE), Gilles Stoltz (HEC)
MathSciNet reviews on Bayesian papers
I recently started to review papers on Mathematical Reviews / MathSciNet a decided I would post the reviews here from time to time. Here are the first three which deal with (i) objective Bayes priors for discrete parameters, (ii) random probability measures and inference on species variety and (iii) Bayesian nonparametric asymptotic theory and contraction rates.
- An objective approach to prior mass functions for discrete parameter spaces, by Villa, C. and Walker, S. G., J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 110 (2015), no. 511, 1072–1082.
The paper deals with objective prior derivation in the discrete parameter setting. Previous treatment of this problem includes J. O. Berger, J.-M. Bernardo and D. Sun [J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 107 (2012), no. 498, 636–648; MR2980073] who rely on embedding the discrete parameter into a continuous parameter space and then applying reference methodology (J.-M. Bernardo [J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 41 (1979), no. 2, 113–147; MR0547240]). The main contribution here is to propose an all purpose objective prior based on the Kullback–Leibler (KL) divergence. More specifically, the prior at any parameter value is obtained as follows: (i) compute the minimum KL divergence over between models indexed by and ; (ii) set proportional to a sound transform of the minimum obtained in (i). A good property of the proposed approach is that it is not problem specific. This objective prior is derived in five models (including binomial and hypergeometric) and is compared to the priors known in the literature. The discussion suggests possible extension to the continuous parameter setting.
- A note on nonparametric inference for species variety with Gibbs-type priors, by Favaro, Stefano and James, Lancelot F., Electron. J. Stat. 9 (2015), no. 2, 2884–2902.
A. Lijoi, R. H. Mena and I. Prünster [Biometrika 94 (2007), no. 4, 769–786; MR2416792] recently introduced a Bayesian nonparametric methodology for estimating the species variety featured by an additional unobserved sample of size given an initial observed sample. This methodology was further investigated by S. Favaro, Lijoi and Prünster [Biometrics 68 (2012), no. 4, 1188–1196; MR3040025; Ann. Appl. Probab. 23 (2013), no. 5, 1721–1754; MR3114915]. Although it led to explicit posterior distributions under the general framework of Gibbs-type priors [A. V. Gnedin and J. W. Pitman (2005), Teor. Predst. Din. Sist. Komb. i Algoritm. Metody. 12, 83–102, 244–245;MR2160320], there are situations of practical interest where is required to be very large and the computational burden for evaluating these posterior distributions makes impossible their concrete implementation. This paper presents a solution to this problem for a large class of Gibbs-type priors which encompasses the two parameter Poisson-Dirichlet prior and, among others, the normalized generalized Gamma prior. The solution relies on the study of the large asymptotic behaviour of the posterior distribution of the number of new species in the additional sample. In particular a simple characterization of the limiting posterior distribution is introduced in terms of a scale mixture with respect to a suitable latent random variable; this characterization, combined with the adaptive rejection sampling, leads to derive a large approximation of any feature of interest from the exact posterior distribution. The results are implemented through a simulation study and the analysis of a dataset in linguistics.
- Rate exact Bayesian adaptation with modified block priors, by Gao, Chao and Zhou, Harrison H., Ann. Statist. 44 (2016), no. 1, 318–345.
A novel prior distribution is proposed for adaptive Bayesian estimation, meaning that the associated posterior distribution contracts to the truth with the exact optimal rate and at the same time is adaptive regardless of the unknown smoothness. The prior is termed \textit{block prior} and is defined on the Fourier coefficients of a curve by independently assigning 0-mean Gaussian distributions on blocks of coefficients indexed by some , with covariance matrix proportional to the identity matrix; the proportional coefficient is itself assigned a prior distribution . Under conditions on , it is shown that (i) the prior puts sufficient prior mass near the true signal and (ii) automatically concentrates on its effective dimension. The main result of the paper is a rate-optimal posterior contraction theorem obtained in a general framework for a modified version of a block prior. Compared to the closely related block spike and slab prior proposed by M. Hoffmann, J. Rousseau and J. Schmidt-Hieber [Ann. Statist. 43 (2015), no. 5, 2259–2295; MR3396985] which only holds for the white noise model, the present result can be applied in a wide range of models. This is illustrated through applications to five mainstream models: density estimation, white noise model, Gaussian sequence model, Gaussian regression and spectral density estimation. The results hold under Sobolev smoothness and their extension to more flexible Besov smoothness is discussed. The paper also provides a discussion on the absence of an extra log term in the posterior contraction rates (thus achieving the exact minimax rate) with a comparison to other priors commonly used in the literature. These include rescaled Gaussian processes [A. W. van der Vaart and H. van Zanten, Electron. J. Stat. 1 (2007), 433–448; MR2357712; Ann. Statist. 37 (2009), no. 5B, 2655–2675; MR2541442] and sieve priors [V. Rivoirard and J. Rousseau, Bayesian Anal. 7 (2012), no. 2, 311–333; MR2934953; J. Arbel, G. Gayraud and J. Rousseau, Scand. J. Stat. 40 (2013), no. 3, 549–570; MR3091697].
Collegio Carlo Alberto
I have spent three years as a postdoc at the Collegio Carlo Alberto. This was a great time during which I have been able to interact with top colleagues and to prepare my applications in optimal conditions. Now that I have left for Inria Grenoble, here is a brief picture presentation of the Collegio. (more…)
Coupling of particle filters: smoothing
Hi again!
In this post, I'll explain the new smoother introduced in our paper Coupling of Particle Filters with Fredrik Lindsten and Thomas B. Schön from Uppsala University. Smoothing refers to the task of estimating a latent process of length , given noisy measurements of it, ; the smoothing distribution refers to . The setting is state-space models (what else?!), with a fixed parameter assumed to have been previously estimated.
Coupling of particle filters: likelihood curves
In this post, I'll write about coupling particle filters, as proposed in our recent paper with Fredrik Lindsten and Thomas B. Schön from Uppsala University, available on arXiv; and also in this paper by colleagues at NUS. The paper is about a methodology with multiple direct consequences. In this first post, I'll focus on correlated likelihood estimators; in a later post, I'll describe a new smoothing algorithm. Both are described in detail in the article. We've been blessed to have been advertised by xi'an's og, so glory is just around the corner.
Back to blogging
My last post dates back to May 2015… thanks to JB and Julyan for keeping the place busy! I'm not (quite) dead and intend to go back to posting stuff every now and then. And by the way, congrats to both for their new jobs!
Last July, I've also started a new job, as an assistant professor in the Department of Statistics at Harvard University, after having spent two years in Oxford. At some point, I might post something on the cultural difference between the European English and American communities of statisticians.
In the coming weeks, I'll tell you all about a new paper entitled Coupling of Particle Filters, co-written with Fredrik Lindsten and Thomas B. Schön from Uppsala University in Sweden. We are excited about this coupling idea because it's simple and yet brings massive gains in many important aspects of inference for state space models (including both parameter inference and smoothing). I'll be talking about it at the World Congress in Probability and Statistics in Toronto next week and at JSM in Chicago, early in August.
I'll also try to write about another exciting project, joint work with Christian Robert, Chris Holmes and Lawrence Murray, on modularization, cutting feedback, the infamous cut function of BUGS and all that funny stuff. I've talked about it in ISBA 2016, and intend to put the associated tech report on arXiv over the summer.
Stay tuned!


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GCSE Biology Success Guide
Written by
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Part of the Letts GCSE Success Series
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Event ContactsPaid membership required to see this information
Event WebsitePaid membership required to see this information
Event Description
Event Overview:
In its 118th year, the AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting & OTO EXPOSM is "the world's best gathering of otolaryngologists." Held each fall, the AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting & OTO EXPO provides an opportunity for thousands of Academy members, non-member physicians, allied health professionals, administrators, and exhibiting companies to converge for an exhilarating four days.
What are the dates, times, and locations of the subspecialty society meetings?
American Academy of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS)
September 18-21, 2014
Hilton Orlando & Orange County Convention Center
American Academy of Otolaryngic Allergy (AAOA)
September 19-21, 2014
J.W. Marriott Orlando Grande Lakes
American Neurotology Society (ANS)
September 20, 2014
Hyatt Regency Orlando
American Rhinologic Society (ARS)
September 20, 2014
Hyatt Regency Orlando
Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Nurses (SOHN)
September 19-23, 2014
Hyatt Regency Orlando
Exhibitor Information:
As the world's best gathering of otolaryngologists, the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation's Annual Meeting & OTO EXPOSM is also the premier event to showcase products and services for the specialty. The 2014 Annual Meeting & OTO EXPOSM will be held at the Orange County Convention Center in Orlando, FL, September 21-24, 2014.
By exhibiting with us in Orlando, FL, you will reach over 5,500 professional attendees who represent physicians, researchers, and nurses from all around the world. We invite you to be part of this three-day exposition where medical professionals join as a community to review the latest research findings, earn CME credits, network with colleagues, and visit the most extensive state-of-the-art exposition of products and services of its kind.
Benefits to AAO-HNSF Exhibitors
- Complimentary meal vouchers provided daily to attendees to use in the OTO EXPOSM.
- Proximity to Posters, Product Theater, and computer stations.
- Complimentary attendee pre-registration list (first name, last name, city, state) so you can cross reference against existing customers or potential customers.
- Discounted exhibitor housing rates and early booking for groups.
- Opportunity to secure a meeting room or suite directly on the show floor for private meetings with current and potential clients.
- Opportunity to secure hotel meeting space for meetings held in conjunction with the conference.
- Complimentary use of the exhibitor lounge during all days of the show.
- Access to numerous sponsorship opportunities to further promote your brand and message throughout the conference.
- Monthly issue of the AAO-HNSF OTO EXPOgram newsletter with helpful tips and reminders for the conference to ensure you make the most of your time exhibiting at the OTO EXPOSM.
Exhibitors Come from a Wide Assortment of Industry Sectors, Such As:
Audiometric Equipment
Business Services
Electronic Patient Records
Computers: General
Computers: Software
Ear Molds
Ear Surgery
Hearing Devices: Aids
Hearing Devices:
Cochlear Rehabilitation
Hearing Devices: General
Imaging Equipment
Instrumentation: Diagnostic
Instrumentation: Endoscopes
Instrumentation: General
Instrumentation: Headlights
Instrumentation: Lasers
Instrumentation: Liposuction
Instrumentation: Other Surgical
Medical Disposable Equipment
Nasal Surgery Products
Non-profit Association
Office Equipment:
Furniture Accessories
Pharmaceuticals: Allergy
Pharmaceuticals: Antimicrobial
Pharmaceuticals: General
Practice Management
Refurbished Equipment
Scientific Publications/Publishers
Sleep/Snoring Products
Surgical Accessories
Tinnitus Treatment
Tubes: General
Tubes: Tracheostomy
Voice Restoration Prostheses
About AAO-HNS
The American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) is the world's largest organization representing specialists who treat the ear, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck. The Academy represents approximately 12,000 otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons who diagnose and treat disorders of those areas. The medical disorders treated by our physicians are among the most common that afflict all Americans, young and old. They include chronic ear infection, sinusitis, snoring and sleep apnea, hearing loss, allergies and hay fever, swallowing disorders, nosebleeds, hoarseness, dizziness, and head and neck cancer.
The AAO-HNS Foundation works to advance the art, science, and ethical practice of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery through education, research, and lifelong learning.
There may be many networking opportunities at the AAO-HNSF Annual Meeting & OTO Expo 2014 - American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. Find out more in the event details below.
Event Details
Conference/Event Dates: | 09/21/2014 - 09/24/2014 |
Expo/Exhibit Dates: | 09/21/2014 - 09/23/2014 |
Expo/Exhibit Hours: | Sun, 10am-5pm, 6-pm; Mon, 8am-5pm; Tues, 8am-3pm |
First Move-In Date: | 09/18/2014 |
Classification: | B2B |
Primary Industry: | Otorhinolaryngology |
Other Industries: | General Surgery, Otorhinolaryngology, Professional Healthcare |
Estimated Attendance: | 5,500 |
Previous Attendance: | 5,487 |
Audience: | Otolaryngologists-Head and Neck Surgeons and Associates, Researchers in Otolaryngology, Senior Academic Professors and Department Chairs, Leaders of International Societies, Fellows-in-Training, and Residents |
Notes: | Past Attendee Demographics: Domestic 62% International 38% Hours spent in the OTO EXPO 6-10 Hours or more - 40% 1-5 Hours - 60% |
Venue: | Orange County Convention Center |
Venue Phone: | (800) 345-9845 |
Venue Type: | Indoor - Convention Center |
Official Conference Hotel: | Hotel Information: |
Conference Hotel URL: | http://entannualmeeting.org/14/hotels/hotel |
Number of Exhibitors: | 275 (Previous Year) |
Event Square Footage: | 70,000 (2013) |
Exhibit Floorplan: | Click Here |
Show Owner: | AAO-HNS |
Show Manager: | AAO-HNS |
Sponsorship: | Yes |
Booth Details
Booth Size | Booth Cost | Available Amenities | ||||
Linear/Corner/Peninsula | $34 per sq. ft. | Electricity: | Yes | - Unknown Price | ||
Island | $35 per sq. ft. | Water: | n/a | |||
Non-Profit | $700 | Generator: | n/a | |||
Marketing Vehicles Allowed: | Yes | |||||
Other Booth Sizes Available: n/a |
Advance NetworkingHow do I show up here?
Personal NotesAdd a note here, it is only visible by you.
Event Exhibitors
2014 Floorplan & Exhibitors:
2013 Exhibitors:
1st Line Medical
ABLV Academia Brasileira de
Laringologia e Voz
Acumed Instruments Corp
Advanced Bionics/Phonak
Advanced Endoscopy Devices
Advanced Monitors Corporation
Aerin Medical
Alcon Laboratories
All Star Sales & Service
American Board of Otolaryngology
American Hearing Aid Association
American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
American Medical Endoscopy
Andreas Fahl Medizintechnik
Annals Publishing Company
Anthony Products/Gio Pelle
Antigen Laboratories Inc.
Apdyne Medical Company
Arches Natural Products Inc.
ATMOS Inc.
Atos Medical Inc.
Audigy Medical
Audiology Management Group Inc.
Bausch & Lomb
Baxter Healthcare
Beaver-Visitec International
Beijing Fanxing Guangdian Medical
Treatment Equipment
Beutlich LP Pharmaceuticals
BFW Inc.
Bien-Air Medical Technologies
BIOLASE + Valam
Biomet Microfixation
Blue Tree Publishing
Boston Medical Products
Brazilian Association of ENT
Carestream Health
Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc.
Carnegie Surgical LLC
Cenefom Corp.
ChartLogic Inc.
CHEER Practice-Based Research Network
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical
Claron Technology Inc.
Clinicon Corporation
Clinics of North Texas LLP
Cobalt Medical Supply
Cochlear Americas
ConeScan - Inventfin
Cook Medical
DePuy Synthes
Designs for Vision Inc.
Doc's Proplugs Inc.
Doctus Medical Equipments LTD
Dr. Kim Co.
Ear Nose & Throat Journal
ELMED Incorporated
ENT & audiology news
ENT Careers Live (HealtheCareers
Entellus Medical
ENTtrigue Surgical Inc.
Envoy Medical
EPIC Hearing Healthcare
Essentia Health
Euroclinic Division of DRE Medical
European Laryngological Society-ELS 2014
Feather Safety Razor Co. Ltd.
Fiegert Endotech Inc.
Firefly Global
GE Healthcare
General Surgical Company (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Global Surgical Corp.
GN Otometrics
Grace Medical Inc.
Greenway Medical Technologies
Healthcare Research Analytics
Healthworld International Inc.
Hemostatix Medical Technologies LLC
Hood Laboratories Inc.
Hospital Information Services (Canada)
IAPO Interamerican Association of
Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Immco Diagnostics
ImThera Medical Inc.
INHEALTH Technologies
Insightra Medical
Inspire Medical Systems
Insta-Mold Products Inc.
Intelligent Hearing Systems
Intersect ENT
Intersocietal Accreditation Commission
Intuitive Surgical
Invictus Medical Innovations LLC (IMI)
Invotec International Inc.
J. Morita Manufacturing Corp.
JAMA & Archives Journals
Jaypee Highlights Medical Publishers Inc.
JEDMED Instrument Company
Kaiser Permanente
Kalelker Surgicals Pvt. Ltd.
KARL STORZ Endoscopy-America Inc.
KARL STORZ Endoscopy-Latin America
Kirwan Surgical Products LLC
KLS Martin Group
Kurz Medical Inc.
Laser Engineering Inc.
Leica Microsystems Inc.
Lifestyle Lift
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins/WK Health
Lisa Laser USA
Magnolia Regional Health Center
Maico Diagnostics
Marina Medical
McKeon Products Inc.
Meda Pharmaceuticals
MED-EL Corporation
Medical Digital Developers LLC
MediCapture Inc.
Medifix Inc.
MedInvent LLC
Mediplast AB
MedNet Technologies
Medtronic Surgical Technologies
Mega Medical Company Ltd.
Merz Aesthetics Inc.
Microline Surgical
Micromedical Technologies Inc.
Microsurgery Instruments Inc.
Militex, an Integra Company
Modernizing Medicine Inc.
MTI Inc.
Natus Medical Incorporated
NeilMed Pharmaceuticals
Neurovision Medical Products
New York Head & Neck Institute
Newport Surgical Instruments Inc.
NP Screen Canada Inc.
Olive Medical Corporation
Olympus America Inc.
Optim LLC
Oticon Medical LLC
OTOMED Inc.
Otometrix Medical Technologies
Pan American Congress of
Otolaryngology HNS
Parnell Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Passy-Muir Inc.
PENTAX Medical
PeriOptix Inc.
Phacon GmbH
Physician Assistants in
Piezosurgery Incorporated
Plural Publishing
Prescott's Inc.
QED Medical
Quest Medical Inc.
Reliance Medical Products Inc.
RG Medical
RGP Inc.
Richard Wolf Medical Instruments Corp.
Rose Micro Solutions
Sandhill Scientific
SANOSTEC Corp.
Scopis GmbH
Seiler Precision Microscopes
Selcon Business Solutions
Sentara Northern Virginia Medical Center
Shen Yun Show Vancouver
Organizing Committee
Shippert Medical Technologies Inc.
Shire Pharmaceuticals
Sidra Medical and Research Center
Siemens Hearing Instruments
SinuScience Network
Somna Therapeutics
Sonitus Medical
Sontec Instruments
Sophono Inc.
SoundCure Inc.
Summit Medical
SurgiTel/General Scientific Corp.
Teva Respiratory
The Doctor's Company
The Oral Cancer Foundation
Theravent Inc.
Thieme Medical Publishers
Toshiba Ultrasound
United Endoscopy
University Medical Center Hamburg-
Veracyte Inc.
Vision Sciences Inc.
Vivosonic Inc.
Waiting Room Solutions EMR
Xoran Technologies Inc.


text:
Kay (Meryl Streep) and Arnold (Tommy Lee Jones) are a devoted couple, but decades of marriage have left Kay wanting to spice things up and reconnect with her husband. When she hears of a renowned couple's specialist (Steve Carell) in… More Kay (Meryl Streep) and Arnold (Tommy Lee Jones) are a devoted couple, but decades of marriage have left Kay wanting to spice things up and reconnect with her husband. When she hears of a renowned couple's specialist (Steve Carell) in the small town of Great Hope Springs, she attempts to persuade her skeptical husband, a steadfast man of routine, to get on a plane for a week of marriage therapy. Just convincing the stubborn Arnold to go on the retreat is hard enough - the real challenge for both of them comes as they shed their bedroom hang-ups and try to re-ignite the spark that caused them to fall for each other in the first place. -- (C) Sony
Consensus: Led by a pair of mesmerizing performances from Meryl Streep and Tommy Lee Jones, Hope Springs offers filmgoers some grown-up laughs -- and a thoughtful look at mature relationships.
Streep fans, I think you're going to enjoy this one. I know I did.
Full review…All that's missing are commercials for estrogen cream and erectile-dysfunction meds.
Full review…There are parts of the film that work beautifully, all of which feature Jones' innate ability to emote with a look, a gesture, or a sigh.
Full review…The film, a rehab job on a beached marriage, displays the most tender respect, the most exquisite tact, and yet it would be completely unwatchable -- an outright embarrassment -- with any other actors than Tommy Lee Jones and Meryl Streep.
Full review…Streep is warm, and she's got the timing of a stand-up. Her performance demands you bat for her woman.
Full review…Unlike the cloying contrivances of It's Complicated, Hope Springs is audacious in its commitment to subtle authenticity, never artificially upping the dramatic stakes but instead staying true to its small yet relatable story.
Full review…It's tough to come up with new superlatives for Meryl Streep, but the 63-year-old actress delivers her most frankly sexual performance yet in Hope Springs.
Full review…It's all a little depressing.
As well-written as it is, with frank analysis of what can make a good marriage lose its spark over time, the film gets its emotional resonance from the heartfelt performances.
Full review…


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Janne Da Arc
Name in Japanese: ジャンヌダルク, じゃんぬだるく
AKA: JDA, Janne, ジャンヌ
Janne Da Arc is currently signed on the motorod record label, a subsidiary of avex trax. They have released three indies albums, nine major-label albums (including single collections), 26 singles, and 14 DVDs. On May 9, 2006, they celebrated their tenth anniversary of their formation, the date marking when the final member, shuji, became an official fixture of the band's lineup. The band was not named after historical figure Joan of Arc, despite their song "Kyuuseishu --Messiah--"...
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Janne Da Arc- DOLLS PV
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rynisyou added an image in May, 2009.
mimi indicated that no Kanji is used in name in May, 2009.
mimi added the Hiragana name "じゃんぬだるく" in May, 2009.
rynisyou added the group member "ka-yu" in May, 2009.
rynisyou added the video "Janne Da Arc - ダイヤモンドヴァージン PV" in May, 2009.
Artist page created by: rynisyou


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The final project for this course requires students to use concepts from each module, answer questions about their chosen company, and complete a strategic analysis of that company in a variety of areas. Milestone drafts of your answers are assigned in several modules leading to the strategic analysis final project submitted in Module Nine.
You have been hired as a consultant at the company you have been researching. This final report is an in-depth look at the strategy and corporate management based on your detailed research completed throughout the semester. This paper is designed as a full report with recommendations that the executive team will use to enhance the existing strategic management. This project is divided into five milestones, submitted in Modules One, Four, Five, Seven, and Nine (final deliverable).
Main Elements
Your report should include, as a minimum, the following 11 components:
Strategy and the Strategic Management Process at your Chosen CompanyDescribe the industry you are investigating. Identify the company you are researching along with the mission, vision, values, and strategic plan. Be sure to answer the following questions:
Describe the industry in which the company operates.
What is the company's stated strategy? Is it a winning strategy?
How does the company's mission statement compare to those of its competitors?
How do the mission, vision, and values support strategic objectives or performance targets of your company?
What do the mission, vision, and value statements say about the company and its leadership?
External Environment and Competitive PositionComplete an industry analysis and a five forces model analysis including an assessment of the company's closest rival. Be sure to answer the following questions:
What are the driving forces of change in the industry in which your company competes? How has your company changed its strategy to address driving forces?
Where does the company stand within the industry based on the five forces model of competition analysis?
Which of the five forces exert the most pressure on the company? What has the company done to relieve this pressure?
What are your recommendations to further reducing pressure from these forces?
Internal Environment and Competitive PositionComplete a SWOT analysis and a value chain analysis of the company you have chosen. Be sure to answer the following questions:
How well has the company performed to stated strategic objectives or performance targets? Support your assessment with factual data.
Compare the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the company to those of its competitors. How do the vision and values affect how the company will respond to each?
What is the core competency of the company? How does this affect its standing within the industry?
How has the company used its value chain activities to improve its competitive position?
What are your recommendations in regard to the company's competitive position and value chain activities?


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Oh that's right Melissa! Tomorrow is the big day, isn't it! I think I have an old sheet around my house some where...Gotta love Peanuts! :)
Hehe!Well it's the 21st in New Zealand all ready. We're still here! :)
We're all still here....guess the sheet worked!
When my daughter woke yesterday, she called out, asking if the world had ended. My husband answered that yes, we're all zombies now. :)))
Thank goodness we all had sheets handy and survived.Merry Christmas to you and yours, Melissa.
I love to hear from you!