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Homepage ciks.vse.cz
Know Your Library CIKS »
Opening hours, Group e-mail, Staff, Our mission, Documents
Libraries and study halls: Žižkov, Mediatheca, Jižní Město, FM Jindřichův Hradec, Chris Tame Library
Library Services »
Registration, loans, BiblioBox, Renewals a Reservations, Consultant services, Retrieval service, Interlibrary loans, International interlibrary loans, Presentations and trainings
Information resources, catalogs »
VŠE Union Catalogue, Serials, eBooks, Electronic Thesis and Diss. and ETDs availability, Electronic Resources at VŠE, Freely Available Resources, Golden Collection, Nobel Prize winners in Economics
30. 3. 2017 - MBA Programs Fair
Trial access to database EMIS University (CIKS) [2. 3. 2017]
More at /aktuality »
Ekonomika 3 : pro obchodní akademie a ostatní střední školy / Petr Klínský, Otto Münch
More at library.vse.cz »
VŠE / Library VŠE - CIKS / Edice CIKS VŠE /
List of the Nobel Prize Laureates for Economics
List of the Nobel Prize laureates for economics and information about publications that are available in the collection of the library, including other information (biographies, bibliographies), can be found in the edition called the Nobel Prize Laureates in Economics 1969-2013 (in Czech). In the back of the study room of the Library of the VŠE at Žižkov there is located the Gallery of the Nobel Prize Laureates in Economics since 1969. In the present there are exhibited publications from collections of the VŠE that can be borrowed to users of the library as short-time five-day loans.
2013 Eugene Francis FAMA, Lars Peter HANSEN and Robert James SHILLER for their empirical analysis of asset prices
2012 Alvin E. ROTH and Lloyd S. SHAPLEY for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design
2011 Thomas John SARGENT and Christopher Albert SIMS for empirical research and effect in the macroeconomy 2010 Peter DIAMOND, Dale MORTENSEN, Christopher PISSARIDES for their analysis of markets with search frictions
2009 Elinor OSTROM and Oliver E. WILLIAMSON for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons and for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm
2008 Paul R. KRUGMAN for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity
2007 Leonid HURWICZ, Eric S. MASKIN and Roger B. MYERSON for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory
2006 Edmund S. PHELPS for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy
2005 Robert J. AUMANN and Thomas C. SCHELLING for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis
2004 Finn E. KYDLAND and Edward C. PRESCOTT for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles
2003 Robert F. ENGLE for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH) Clive W. J. GRANGER for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration) 2002 Daniel KAHNEMAN for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty Vernon L. SMITH for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms 2001 George A. AKERLOF, Andrew Michael SPENCE and Joseph E. STIGLITZ for their analyses of markets with asymmetric informationí
2000 James J. HECKMAN for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples
Daniel L. McFADDEN for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice
1999 Robert A. MUNDELL for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas
1998 Amartya SEN for his contributions to welfare economics
1997 Robert C. MERTON and Myron S. SCHOLES for a new method to determine the value of derivatives
1996 James A. MIRRLEES and William VICKREY for fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information
1995 Robert E. LUCAS,Jr. for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy
1994 Reinhard SELTEN, John F. NASH and John C. HARSANYI for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games
1993 Robert W. FOGEL and Douglass C. NORTH for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change 1992 Gary S. BECKER for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour
1991 Ronald COASE for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy
1990 Harry MARKOWITZ, Merton H. MILLER and William SHARPE for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics
1989 Trygve HAAVELMO for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures
1988 Maurice ALLAIS for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources
1987 Robert M. SOLOW for his contributions to the theory of economic growth
1986 James BUCHANAN for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making
1985 Franco MODIGLIANI for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets
1984 Richard STONE for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis
1983 Gerard DEBREU for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium
1982 George J. STIGLER for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation
1981 James TOBIN for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices
1980 Lawrence KLEIN for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies
1979 Arthur W. LEWIS and Theodore SCHULTZ for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries
1978 Herbert A. SIMON for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations
1977 James E. MEADE and Bertil OHLIN for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements
1976 Milton FRIEDMAN for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy
1975 Leonid V. KANTOROVICH and Tjalling Ch. KOOPMANS for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources
1974 Friedrich A. HAYEK and Gunnar MYRDAL for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena
1973 Wassily LEONTIEF for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems
1972 Kenneth J. ARROW and John R. HICKS for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory
1971 Simon KUZNETS for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development 1970 Paul A. SAMUELSON for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science
1969 Ragnar A. K. FRISCH and Jan TINBERGEN for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes


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Computer Services
93 Ojuelegba Road, Ojuelegba, Surulere
Advance Technology provides computer system repairs and sales services. 5 Banire Street, Ojuelegba, Surulere
08028605426, 08181453305
Archer Technologies offers computer networking certification training and computer product sale services. 54 lbidun Street, Ojuelegba, Surulere
Mecury Art Computer offers installation of computer software & hardware, and also provides sales of PC & laptops. |


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After my trip to New York City and a stop inside the Louis Vuitton store, I have become obsessed with the vintage LV trunks. They are gorgeous and would make to an amazing center piece in any room! Needless to say, I want, but will never have!
Tags: Louis Vuitton, Trunks
I love the idea of using trunks as a bedside table.
It's the best idea!! AND if it was a Louis! so delicate and pretty. I loved Emily's mirror addition to her vintage suitcase's http://cupcakesandcashmere.com/updated-guest-room/
I would love some of those trunks. Oh, the things I would do with a few vintage trunks! 🙂
Me too girl!! I am now on the hunt for them.
These are so fabulous! My friend has a trunk fettish at the moment and has a couple of these! Along with Louis Vuitton waterproof dive bags too (didnt even know they made them until him!)
He has a couple Louis Vuitton trunks?!?! JEALOUS !
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Bills lobbied, 2009
NOTE: Occasionally, a lobbying client may refer to a bill number from a previous Congress, either in error or because they are lobbying on a bill that has not yet been assigned a number. Read more...
Bill Number | Congress | Bill Title | No. of Reports & Specific Issues* |
S.1220 | 111 | Patient Access to Critical Lab Tests Act | 5 |
H.R.1699 | 111 | Patient Access to Critical Lab Tests Act | 4 |
S.736 | 111 | Federal Hiring Process Improvement Act of 2010 | 4 |
S.976 | 111 | A bill to provide that certain provisions of subchapter I of chapter 35 of title 44, United States Code, relating to Federal information policy shall not apply to the collection of information during any investigation, audit, inspection, evaluation, or other review conducted by any Federal office of Inspector General, and for other purposes. | 4 |
H.R.759 | 111 | Food and Drug Administration Globalization Act of 2009 | 4 |
*Each quarterly filing is treated as a separate report.
Feel free to distribute or cite this material, but please credit the Center for Responsive Politics. For permission to reprint for commercial uses, such as textbooks, contact the Center: firstname.lastname@example.com


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Launcher - Clicking on the app icon doesn't present the active instances
Bug #997220 reported by
Simon Rijk
on 2012-05-09
This bug affects 1 person
Affects | Status | Importance | Assigned to | Milestone | |
| Ayatana Design |
Unassigned |
Bug Description
When multiple instances are opened of a single app, .e.g. firefox, a single click on the app icon doesn't present the available instances, as expected.
To post a comment you must log in.


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Linda Mummert here reporting on our Convention Sales Managers, Lisa Chamberlain, CMP and Holly Coger who attended the SGMP Central Florida 2013 Education Day in Gainesville, FL on
Thursday, January 17th.
There were 75 attendees (half suppliers and half planners from the Gainesville area). The education sessions were centered on Outlook (maximizing the usage and utilizing the various features it has to offer).
Lisa and Holly participated in a Tampa presentation (what's new and why we love Tampa… why it's a great fit for meetings) at Lunch and then took part in the fashion show… They dressed as pirates representing the upcoming Gasparilla festival coming to Tampa on Saturday, January 26th. It is over and out for now until next time with more exciting Convention Sales information.
Tampa Bay & Company Sales Managers Attended SGMP Central Florida Education Day
Tuesday, January 22, 2013 by Convention Sales
Meetings & Conventions


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Thursday 2 April 1942
It was Thursday, under the sign of Aries. The US president was Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic).
Jungle Book, directed by Zoltan Korda, was one of the most viewed movies released in 1942
But much more happened that day: find out below..
Or have a look at the whole 1942.
Old Newspapers
Have a look at the old newspapers from 2 April 1942 and get them!
Which were the most popular movies released in the last months ?
TV Series
Which were the most popular TV series released in the last months ?
Find out your future
Get a FREE Numerology report based on the digits of 2 April 1942!
Wish him/her..
Historical Events
Which were the important events of 2 April 1942 ?
- JP and Trang in Valleyfair
- Saint Franciscus of Paola (+1507)
- Blessed Arnold of Leuven
- International Children's Book Day
- Saint Genoveva of Brabant (+1760)
- Malvinas Day in Argentina.
- Sizdah be dar in Iran
Famous Birthdays:
- Hiroyuki Sakai: Japanese chef.
- Roshan Seth: Indian-English actor.
- Graham Bright: private secretary to British Prime Minister.
- Leon Russell: American musician, a pianist, singer, trumpeter and guitarist.
- Jean Jeanneney: French historian and politician.
Subscribe to our Newsletter
Don't miss our monthly news, no spam guarantee Click here to Subscribe
...and if 2 April 1942 was your Birth Date then Join our Birthday Club!
Make this date unforgettable
CD and DVD Birthday Cards
Which were the most popular books released in the last weeks ?


text: please can someone suggest a good itinerary including method of travel for a 3 nght tour of jaipur and udaipur from delhi. it is my first time there so the more information you can give on mode of transport, what to see and how to divide the 3 nights between these 2 places, I would be very grateful! kind regards, saamir


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YOU CAN EDIT THIS PAGE! Just click any blue "Edit" link and start writing!
From Wikitravel
Scanno is a village in Abruzzo. ContentsGet inThere is a direct bus from Rome and another from Sulmona. There is also a road south towards the National Park of Abruzzo but no bus route. Get aroundSeeGet away from the main road where the bus stops and then just wander in the narrow streets.
DoThere are watersports on a lake about two kilometres on the road to Sulmona. BuyEatDrinkSleepContactGet out


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Unionville Jobs
Looking for jobs in Unionville? Snagajob has great opportunities with the area's leading companies.
And applying for Unionville jobs has never been easier.
Look at the job listings below, click on a job title that interests you and hit the "apply now" button.
Part-time jobs, teen jobs, student jobs and summer jobs are now just a click away. Start your job search now.
Unionville, CT Job Openings
Cities within 20 miles of Unionville, CT
- Hartford, CT (301 jobs)
- Waterbury, CT (151 jobs)
- Meriden, CT (94 jobs)
- West Hartford, CT (92 jobs)
- Newington, CT (87 jobs)
- Manchester, CT (81 jobs)
- Middletown, CT (78 jobs)
- East Hartford, CT (64 jobs)
- Windsor, CT (60 jobs)
- Southington, CT (54 jobs)
- Farmington, CT (51 jobs)


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Bret Michaels suffers brain hemorrhage
'Rock of Love' star in critical condition
Rocker-turned-reality star Bret Michaels has suffered a brain hemorrhage and is in critical condition in an undisclosed hospital, his representatives confirmed Friday.A spokeswoman for Michaels confirmed a report by People magazine that the 47-year-old musician was rushed to hospital overnight with an excruciating headache.
Doctors diagnosed a massive subarachnoid hemorrhage, or bleeding at the base of his brain stem. The location of the hospital was not disclosed.
"(It) will be touch and go for the next few days while he is under intense observation," the source told People.
The rock singer's spokeswoman said there would be no more information given until he has additional tests.
Michaels rose to fame in the 1980s at the helm of Poison, a glam-rock band whose hits included the ballad "Every Rose Has Its Thorn."
He was diagnosed with diabetes as a child and just last week disclosed he had an emergency appendectomy this month. In a blog entry, he called it a "wake-up call to be a little bit more diligent on keeping control of my health."
In recent years, Michaels found fame as a reality TV star in such shows as VH1's dating contest "Rock of Love" and on the current season of "The Celebrity Apprentice."
His latest album "Custom Built" is due to be released later this year and he recently recorded a song with Disney starlet Miley Cyrus.
On "The Celebrity Apprentice," which was filmed several months ago but is about halfway through its broadcast run on NBC, Michaels has raised $100,000 for his charity, the American Diabetes Association, and is a strong contender to win.


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Supplier: M05898
InfoHub supplier since Nov 2005!
Base of operations: Canada -- Number of InfoHub client requests accepted: 1
M05898 is the premier ice climbing Guide Company to the Canadian Rockies. The only guiding company to focus exclusively on ice, our guides are dialed in to local conditions and excel at the sport.
We are based in Canmore, Alberta - the epicenter of ice climbing and we have ten years of local experience. Your contact is the owner and head guide, Sean Easton, a seasoned veteran with eight years of ice guiding behind him. Your queries will be answered promptly and expansively.
R.I.S. employs guides who represent the finest ice climbing talent in Canada. They are professional, sponsored climbers, with cutting edge first ascents to their credit around the world. They climb at the highest standards and are at the forefront of the Rockies winter scene. Rob Owens has finished at the top of the international ice/mixed competitions recently.
R.I.S. is structured to ensure that our guides are appropriately paid and never overworked. This attracts the best talent and keeps motivation high. Your money goes toward creating a sustainable guiding career, not office staff, overhead, or excessive marketing.
Ratios: 1:2(guide/client) maximum. Small teams have many benefits over larger groups. Increased: speed of movement, range of options, chance of completing objective, attention to client's aspirations. With low ratio's the days objectives are tailored to your abilities and desires, and not diluted by the competing needs of a large group. This increases the value of your day out. Our priority is the quality of your experience, not the number of people we can churn.
Our guides are members in good standing with the Association of Canadian Mountain Guides; we operate according to ACMG (Association of Canadian Mountain Guides) guidelines. We carry Provincial/National Parks permits and we are insured through the ACMG.
We are well organized and professional, and can help with all aspects of your trip planning. Feel free to contact us for local beta and recommendations, regardless of whether you are climbing with us. Trip dates are determined by your schedule! We know how restricted your vacation time can be, so we work to fit your availability!
Vacation Packages offered by supplier M05898
Ice Climbing in the Canadian Rockies
Ice climbing guides and instructors in the Canadian Rockies, Canada.
Contact Supplier
USD 400 / Per day
1 - 3 days
November - April
British Columbia
Reviews and Comments
Be the first to submit a comment for this supplier by clicking the link below.
Submit your review


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Since the launch of the new iPad 3 there have been reports that the new iPad has been running extra hot for some users. Well the team over at the tweakers.net website, have wasted no time and pointed a thermal camera at both the new iPad 3 and older iPad 2.
As you can see from the image above the new iPad 3 definitely pumps out a lot more heat than the iPad 2 according to their tests. With the exterior of the new iPad 3 tablet reaching 33.6 degrees centigrade (92.5 Fahrenheit), compared to 28.3 centigrade (82.9 Fahrenheit) for the iPad 2.
But don't get to concerned just yet as 10 degrees is still not a huge amount to worry about, but it will keep your hands a little warmer during use. Apple now offers two versions of the iPad, the iPad 2 and iPad 3, have a look at the difference between the iPad 2 and iPad 3.
Source: Gizmodo : Tweakers.net
Filed Under: Apple, Apple iPad, Top News


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Thanks to our Sponsors:
become a sponsorRebroadcast: Ethics of Egg Donation
OPB | May 30, 2011
We're bringing back this discussion about egg donation in celebration of the episode's recent Gracie Award win.
The Doors of the Oregon State Hospital
OPB | May 27, 2011
We'll take a look at bills lawmakers in Salem are considering that would change who goes into the Oregon State Hospital and how those that are there get out.
Oregon's Endangered Historic Places
OPB | May 25, 2011
The Historic Preservation League of Oregon just named the state's most endangered historic places. Among them are barns, houses, and a unique theater in Coos Bay.
What's Next for K-12 Education?
OPB | May 18, 2011
Now that the May election is over, what's next in the fight to improve K-12 education across Oregon?
OPB | May 17, 2011
The ballot boxes close at 8 p.m. We'll have live election coverage beginning at 9 p.m.
OPB | May 16, 2011
Attorney General John Kroger introduced a bill aiming to strengthen Oregon's public records law. Is it necessary?
Northwest Passages: Karl Marlantes
OPB | May 12, 2011
Washington writer Karl Marlantes spent 30 years on his Vietnam war novel, Matterhorn.
Proposed Tax Increases in Eugene and Baker County
OPB | May 11, 2011
We're tackling two more items from the May ballot: a five-year levy to raise $3.6 million for Baker School District and a temporary income tax in Eugene to fund schools.
Damascus & The Sellwood Bridge
OPB | May 09, 2011
We'll talk about two items on the May ballot: the Sellwood Bridge replacement fee in Clackamas County and the comprehensive plan Damascus voters will be considering.
OPB | May 06, 2011
Reed College has just made some changes to how sexual assault is handled on their campus — and more changes are expected. We'll find out more.
OPB | May 06, 2011
A recent New York Times Magazine article asked, Is Sugar Toxic? What do you think?
Oregon Symphony's Carlos Kalmar
OPB | May 04, 2011
This month the Oregon Symphony celebrates its Carnegie Hall debut. We'll speak with music director Carlos Kalmar before their big performance.
Bond and Levy for Portland Public Schools
OPB | May 04, 2011
Portland Public Schools is asking voters to approve a $548 million bond to rebuild and repair schools. They're also asking voters to increase an existing levy by $19 million to pay for teachers. How will you vote?
OPB | May 03, 2011
Does law enforcement need a warrant to search your cell phone data if you're arrested? That question comes before the Oregon Supreme Court this week.
OPB | May 02, 2011
President Barack Obama announced on Sunday night that United States Special Forces have killed Osama bin Laden and taken custody of his body. We'll have full reaction.
Support for Think Out Loud is provided by: the Rose E. Tucker Charitable Trust, Dawn and Al Vermeulen, and Ray and Marilyn Johnson.


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You are here
Department Head - Fresh Food
Bullet points
- 3-5 years experience as a Fresh Food Section Manager
- Local GCC experience is a plus
About Our Client
Our client is a multinational retailer and one of the largest hypermarket chains in the world with over 1,500 hypermarkets.
Job Description
- Ensure exceptional customer service is delivered at all times.
- Manage and motivate the team to meet sales targets and margin and ensure efficiency.
- Manage and ensure proper stock management (stock value, control out of stock, orders, near expired & merchandise deliveries) in coordination with the section supervisors.
- Analyse the competition pricing and promotional activities to ensure competitive advantage. (daily basis in Market)
- Manage and control attractive displays and correct pricing are implemented at all times.
- Ensure all hygiene, safety requirements and standards of preparation, preservation and necessary packaging are adhered.
- Establish attractive display implementation of merchandise inside the section.
- Negotiate internal promotions with the supplier to enforce the image of discount inside the section.
- Ensure the Freshness of product display during the day by controlling production date hour & visual aspect of products.
- Ensure proper trainings to the team in order to improve their skills.
The Successful Applicant
- University degree and/or professional qualifications.
- Fluent English and good computer skills are a must.
- Customer service orientation
- Time management
- General product knowledge is an advantage
- Strong negotiation, communication and leadership skills.
- Ability to work under pressure.
- Experience: 3-5 years in Fresh Food as a Section Manager.
What's on Offer
Competitive package and benefits


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Your bag is empty.
This item has been added to your bag.
ARCHFASHION curates the best boutiques in Australia.
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High waistline (just below belly button) medium wash skinny leg fit with stretch standard sizing white lining behind rips in legs regular 5 pocket design these distressed style jeans look great styled up with ankle boots or for a relaxed casual look, pair them with street sneakers.


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Don't move a muscle, I don't even want to hear one note out of you!
XXL Light Blue and XXXL Light Blue Shirts are $0.99 more.
T-Shirts are printed on supersoft Sanmar Co., Gildan or Delta cotton tees.
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Stop Right There!
Our awesome customer service department is ready for your questions! Although we are a small company (42 of us total), we will do everything we can to answer your questions and take care of any problems.


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Can you see why Changes seemed like a good title for a blog post...the one I intended to write but just never seemed to get around to it.
Well here I am almost 2 months later finally writing my Changes post!
I think I have probably mentioned before that the hardest part of writing a blog post is coming up with a title. Give me a title and I am off and running...you may have also noticed that very often I will end with a quote that has reference to my topic of conversation.
Well I am on the road again because of more changes...life is ever changing...while Mr O is snoring away and the television newscaster is rambling on in the background, about all the newsworthy events. The big story was about the death of David Bowie....another headliner was about the Mexican drug lord that had been recaptured, and of course the weather. (Because the weather is almost always newsworthy) I decided it was time to blog, so the first thing I did was Google the word CHANGE/CHANGES and the first thing that came up was David Bowie...apparently he recorded a song by that name( by now you have guessed I was not a David Bowie fan, because I did not know this...The next item referred to a song by Tupac Shakur; Changes...a hip hop song that makes reference to "the war on drugs". (Apparently I am not a fan of Tupac because I did not know this either)
By this time I was thinking, maybe I better CHANGE my title to something else, but I knew that if I had to come up with another title this blog post just would not get written, so I put my foot down and decided that this was one CHANGE that was not going to happen! Now you know the story behing the title, let me show you a few (well okay maybe more than a few) photos.
As you can see, the leaves were mostly off the trees and on the ground. This was taken at a local walking trail at Daley Point. I always bring along a little bag of seeds because the chickadees are so friendly they come and eat right out of your hands! We went back with the grandchildren on Christmas day, because I thought they would enjoy feeding the birds too. Quite a change in the scenery eh?
Meg sprinkled seeds on my beret and the chickadees ate their Christmas dinner atop my head. My witty son said I looked like the "crazy bird lady in the park" from Home Alone! Some things never change!
In November on a warm day Mr O and I collected branches and berries and I made some seasonal arrangements while he built me some ornamental wildlife for the yard. By the end of the day I was pretty pleased with the outcome.
We woke up the next morning to some beautiful changes!
There have been a few other drastic changes and people who know me, know that I don't accept change easily, but let me tell you that I love these changes!
Mr O bought me new custom cabinets and bookshelves for my quilt studio! And new lighting! 2 flexible track lights with a total of 10 LED daytime lights on them. We also swapped ends of the family room to accomodate all the changes and I managed to sneak in a few more inches of space 👍😀😄😜. This is one change I am loving!
I celebrated by getting out a 10 year old UFO, and that baby will be finished by months end! The quilting may not be done but the top will be finished! I probably would have finished it by this evening but a very dear friend we have known for many years passed away this morning so we are on our way to Ontario for a funeral. This very special lady has a very special daughter who just happens to be my Bosum Friend(inside joke) but kidding aside we are long time friends. She has been such a loving and caring daughter and has devoted a lot of her time to spending it with her Mom and this is going to bring tremendous CHANGES in her life! It just won't be the same going to visit our Son and family without a little visit with Marie. I will miss her big smile and just sitting and sharing old times.
You have gone to your reward, rest in peace my dear friend.
I leave you with a few pics of my trimmed down Christmas trimmings.
A robin in December enjoying my cranberry decorations!
My favourite decoration of of all was having part of my family back home with us for the holidays!
I hope you all had a wonderful holiday season and I wish you a Happy Healthy New Year with only good and positive changes!


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Two effigies of Vladimir Putin were burned last night in the Lewes Bonfire Night celebrations, as the East Sussex town continued its tradition of sparking no small amount of controversy for another year.
One depiction of the Russian President showed him topless, carrying a rifle and standing on top of the crashed Malaysian Airlines jet MH17, which was shot down over eastern Ukraine earlier this year.
The other effigy showed Mr Putin sat on a tank while wearing a Borat-style mankini. Together they paint a less than flattering picture of the leader, and came as Finland warned Europe was on the brink of a "new kind of cold war".
If the Putin displays seem shocking, they were not even the most controversial effigies planned for this year's parade.
Sussex Police has been forced to step in following complaints that one of the town's bonfire societies had created a model to be burned of the Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond.
East Sussex County Council tweeted a picture of the model, which at the time was set to be put to the flames after it had been paraded through the town's streets.
But following a backlash online they were quick to say it had nothing to do with the council, instead having been made by the Waterloo Bonfire Society.
A spokesperson for the police said: "Whilst we accept there is a long tradition of creating effigies of high-profile individuals in politics, sport, the media, etc, a complaint has nevertheless been received and will be investigated."
The force also tweeted: "For those enquiring we have been advised that there won't be any burning of the Alex Salmond effigies this evening in Lewes."
Mr Salmond told BBC Scotland: "I'm in pretty good company - Angela Merkel got the burning treatment from the East Sussex Conservative council.
"I think their judgment is askew but if they think I'm a threat to the Westminster establishment like Guy Fawkes, they are right.
"I am used to insults from Tories in East Sussex and if they think that is a good thing to do it is up to them."
The first Bonfire Societies in Lewes were set up in 1853 as a way to organise the riotous annual celebrations by the "Bonfire Boys", which often led to fires and disorder.
Each society has its own particular costumes, bonfire site and procession route within the town.
Bonfire in Lewes does not only commemorate the gunpowder plot, but also other events including the burning of 17 Protestant martyrs in the town's High Street from 1555 to 1557 under the reign of Mary Tudor.
Additional reporting by PA


text:
Apr 22, 2013
If u get in any trouble in fulton all you have to do is call the mayor and he will make the cops leave and u will be free to go. No matter why u r in trouble. I know cause I done it!! Thanks Paul!
Since: Apr 13 1 United States |
Apr 25, 2013
I have heard that if you're "in the circle" around Fulton you will be taken care of, that's to bad for the rest of us that aren't in the circle I guess.
Apr 28, 2013
sad for mayor an the election comin up
Apr 28, 2013
If you're friends with the Mayor....The "no tolerance" rule defiantly does not apply when it comes to drunk drivers. He should be ashamed of himself! I just hope and pray that no one gets hit and killed because of his stupidity!
Apr 28, 2013
If you're big enough to get into trouble (as you call it, mr. idk,) you should be big enough to face up to it without asking someone to get you out of it. You sound like a spoiled kid. GROW UP
United States |
Apr 29, 2013
When a municipality has an appointed police chief, the mayor (who does not have law enforcement training or experience) has too much power over what the police do ... In this case the thug who got a break by placing his phone call to the mayor, ran his mouth and hopefully the people will respond on election day.lly
United States |
May 3, 2013
try it in the county buddy |
United States |
May 3, 2013
. This same punk will cry to the police if his house gets broken into or somebody knocks his teeth out. Idk you are scum of the earth with no respect for the ones who keep you safe while you sleep. If you can imagine a lawless society which you probably can't because you wouldn't last. You need to take a trip to a third world country and see how the law works. You wouldn't last. You'd be glad to get a traffic ticket. Remember the police have friends too. |
United States |
May 6, 2013
. This is so true! |
May 8, 2013
Bye bye Paul. You are gone. No more protecting the drunks. Hope that the new mayor sends your "BOY" aka the "puppet" aka "yes man chief" to the house with you
Jun 2, 2013
I'm glad Paul Walker's stupid ass is out of the office.. I hope Ted Weatherford's dumbass wife does NOT get it. I'll vote for the queer or bubba first..
Jul 8, 2013
The mayor was screwing some teen girls too, and the girls were getting away with murder in town!
Jul 30, 2013
The ex-mayor was a jerk! He let a gambling bus come to town and hide at the country club. and he was screwing a young basketball player girl from tremont.
| |
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text:
Transcriptome profiling of liver of non-genetic low birth weight and long term health consequences
- Alberto Miranda1Email author,
- Angela P López-Cardona1, 4,
- Ricardo Laguna-Barraza1,
- Alexandra Calle1,
- Irene López-Vidriero2,
- Belén Pintado3 and
- Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adán1Email author
© Miranda et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
Received: 2 October 2013
Accepted: 23 April 2014
Published: 1 May 2014
It is believed that the main factors of low prenatal growth in mammals are genetic and environmental. We used isogenic mice maintained in standard conditions to analyze how natural non-genetic microsomia (low birth weight) is produced in inbred mice and its long term effect on health. To better understand the molecular basis of non-genetic microsomia, we undertook transcriptome profiling of both male and female livers from small and normal size mice at birth.
Naturally occurring neonatal microsomia was defined as a gender-specific weanling weight under the 10th percentile of the colony. Birth weight variation was similar in inbred and outbred lines. Mice were phenotyped by weight, size, blood pressure, organ size, their response to a glucose challenge, and survival rates. Regardless of diet, adult mice born with microsomia showed a significantly lower body weight and size, and differences in the weight of several organs of microsomic adult mice compared to normal birth weight adults were found. After a high-fat diet, microsomic mice were less prone to obesity, showing a better glucose tolerance and lower blood pressure. Through a transcriptome analysis, we detected a different pattern of mRNA transcription in the liver at birth comparing male vs female and microsomic vs normal mice, noting some modifications in epigenetic regulatory genes in females and modifications in some growth factor genes in males. Finally, using embryo transfer of embryos of different quality and age, we identified a putative preimplantation origin of this non-genetic microsomia.
(1) neonatal microsomia is not always a risk factor for adult metabolic syndrome, (2) neonatal non-genetic microsomia displays changes in the expression of important epigenetic genes and changes in liver mRNA transcription profile at birth, exaggerating sexual dimorphism, and (3) random preimplantation phenotypic variability could partially explain body birth weight variation in isogenic lines.
Microsomia Epigenetic Metabolic syndrome Liver MicroarrayBackground
Human Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) causes a reduction of fetal growth rate and frequently derives into low birth weight [1]. Worldwide, more than 20 million children suffer this last syndrome, representing a global prevalence of 15.5%, from which 95% occurs in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Birth weight is widely accepted as a prognosis factor of fetal and neonatal health [2] but although not all low values for this feature are pathological, it is mostly associated to IUGR in LMICs [3]. As a consequence, it seems to produce a higher risk of neonatal and perinatal mortality, aging metabolic diseases and neurocognitive disorders [4–6].
In most polytocous species, each newborn in a litter will differ in size and weight. However, random variation in these measurable biological traits is not remarkably diminished by reducing genetic variation using inbred strains or reducing environmental variability through standardized husbandry in laboratory animals. It is propose that processes during early embryogenesis may cause this intangible variance [7]. In pigs, litter size, parity, age of sow and season at conception were observed to only explain 20% of within-litter variation in piglets birth weight, meanwhile factors such as embryo genotype or epigenetics that affect embryo and fetus development would be responsible of most of heterogeneity [8]. Moreover, pathological low birth weight has been correlated with a risk of metabolic syndrome (diabetes, hypertension and obesity in adulthood) [(Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD)] [9–13] and most DOHaD studies have used birth weight as an entry criterion to explore its long term effects. However, to date there is scarce evidence to suggest that naturally (non-genetic) occurring low birth weight may have a negative long term effect, and we lack data on the subsequent characteristics developed by each sex.
In the current study, we examined natural birth weight variations in inbred mice (homozygous at every allele) to determine how a single genotype in a similar environment may give rise to different phenotypes at birth. Microsomia was concretely assessed, which is present in those individuals with weight at birth below the 10th percentile of the colony. We also analyzed the mechanisms that give rise to the phenotypic changes of these naturally produced small mice and compared the transcriptional profile of the liver at birth in normal, microsomic (M) male and M female mice. Any observed phenotypic differences among these inbred mice are mostly epigenetic because, by definition, genetic variation has been eliminated and environmental changes have been reduced. Although the underlying mechanisms of fetal programing are still unknown, epigenetics has been suggested as one of the possible explanations for links observed between intrauterine risk factors and metabolic syndrome development. The mechanisms whereby an event that occurs early in life may have long term effects on the phenotype of an organism many years later are only now starting to emerge [14–17]. Understanding such processes will help to develop preventive and treatment strategies for common diseases such as type 2-diabetes or cardiovascular disease.
Microsomic growth adaptation in newborn inbred mice
To determine whether birth weight variation originates during the preimplantation or fetal period, birth weight variations were compared after the simultaneous transfer of in vivo produced good quality embryos (IETS grade 1) of different age and developmental stage (50% Day 3 morulas and 50% Day 4 blastocysts) and the simultaneous transfer of in vivo produced embryos (without selecting good quality embryos) of the same age (Day 4) but different developmental stage (common in mice) (50% blastocysts and 50% morulas). Birth rates were 81% versus 57% in first and second experiments respectively. Thus, the rate was reduced when embryos of different quality were transferred. After weighing mice from 12 litters for both experiments, we observed that only the transfer of embryos of the same age though different developmental stage gave rise to a higher coefficient of variation [(standard deviation/mean)/100] in body weight at birth (Figure 1B), and that the transfer of selected good quality embryos comprising 3-day-old morulas and 4-day-old blastocysts led to reduced birth weight variations, suggesting the preimplantation origin of this alternative developmental program.
Microarray analysis: overall results and validation
To evaluate gene expression variations in normal and M animals, a microarray analysis of liver from newborns was performed. Liver was selected since it is one of the relatively more homogeneous organs that can suffer the effects of an abnormal environment [18]. In our case, the effects of a putative developmental malnutrition that could lead to microsomia would have certain transcriptional effects in this organ, since it is an important step in nutrient metabolism and detoxification. Moreover, the absence of significant liver weight variation due to the common fat accumulation in the hfd group supported the possibility of gene expression changes in order to prevent it. Hence, liver is one of the best candidates to assess whether this phenotype has an intrauterine environmental origin. The Mouse Agilent microarray system used covers 39,430 unique genes and 16,241 lincRNAs. Twelve expression datasets (3 independent experiments using liver tissue from normal –control– males/females and M males/females mice respectively) were obtained and the following calculations were performed according to the GeneSpring GX (Agilent Technologies) manufacturer's instructions. After selecting genes according to their P-value (limma; t-test) of significance (P <0.01), these genes were further filtered to remove those whose expression was below a threshold, based on median normalized intensity values, which was considered to be the no-change threshold (fold change >1.5). Four pairwise comparisons were performed: 1) control (C) males vs M males; 2) C females vs M females; 3) C males vs C females; and 4) M males vs M females.
In total, 776 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected for M vs C females, most of which were upregulated in M females (525 vs 251) (Additional file 2: Figure S1). For M vs C males, we detected 437 DEGs, also mostly upregulated in the M group (330 vs 107), suggesting a more complex regulation in females (Additional file 2: Figure S1). Some DEGs were common to M mice groups, such as the epigenetic regulator Trim28, which was upregulated in M females while downregulated in M males in comparison to their respective controls. The Pbx1 and retinoic acid pathway genes (Ppar, Rbp3, Crabp-II and RxR) were also differentially expressed in the two experimental comparisons, with M animals showing greater expression in both comparisons. Further important DEGs such as Chd1 and Ncor1 were specifically upregulated in M males compared to C group and Hdac5, Igf-1, Tgfb1 and c-Met were upregulated in M females compared to C mice.
Validation of array data by real-time qRT-PCR analysis (expression fold changes)
Female microsomic vs control | Male microsomic vs control | ||||
Gene | qPCR | Array | Gene | qPCR | Array |
Smarcc1 | 11.32 | 10.81 | Crabp2 | 13.97 | 15.05 |
Ruvbl2 | 6.30 | 5.14 | Chd1 | 2.09 | 1.99 |
Hdac5 | 3.65 | 3.72 | Vegfa | -2.34 | -1.94 |
Trim28 | 2.03 | 2.35 | Fgf23 | -2.09 | -2.37 |
Irs2 | 2.45 | 2.17 | |||
Gata-1 | -2.91 | -2.07 | |||
Igf1 | -2.60 | -2.37 |
Gene ontology
The gene ontology classification system (FatiGo) was used after enrichment score (ES) analysis (ES ≥ 1.3) to classify genes according to biological function and corresponding cell components [19]. For M vs C males, genes involved in translation and steroid metabolic process were upregulated in mice with microsomia while transcription regulating genes were downregulated. Golgi apparatus and ribosomal genes were upregulated while nuclear genes were downregulated (Additional file 3: Figure S2). For M vs C females, genes involved in the processes cell proliferation, transcription regulation, tissue morphogenesis, gland morphogenesis and skeletal system development were upregulated while purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, mRNA processing, M phase cell division and condensed chromosome were downregulated. Nuclear and cytoplasm genes were upregulated while ribonucleoprotein complex, chromosome and non-membrane-bound organelle genes were downregulated (Additional file 4: Figure S3). The results of comparing C males vs C females with M males vs M females are indicated in (Additional file 5: Figure S4 and 6: Figure S5).
In this work, we report an inbred mouse model of naturally occurring low birth weight, of non-genetic origin, and with no detrimental long term effects. The low birth weight produced at parturition is here ascribed to natural preimplantation developmental variability. Interestingly, newborn male and female mice with M increased differentially their weight in response to a high-fat diet. This particular feature of M mice contrasts with the long term negative effects of a low birth weight observed in other studies on small animals addressing the DOHaD theory [20–22]. In addition, we noted that M animals receiving a high-fat diet were more resistant to acquiring an overweight phenotype and have higher survival rates than controls. Curiously, liver didn't undergo weight changes due to fat accumulation, a feature which is relatively common in certain types of hfd [23–26]. Consequently, several transcriptional alterations could be happening that could explain this feature. Moreover, the different metabolic programs detected with respect to genetically identical littermates suggest epigenetic alterations in these M animals. Differential total weight gain was also observed when considering sex, indicating a divergent physiological mechanism between males and females [13, 27–29]. This observation was confirmed by gene ontology analysis. Indeed, in M males, only a few post-transcriptional modifications and enrichment in metabolic genes and the corresponding organelles (ribosomes and Golgi apparatus) were observed, suggesting protein-based adaptation. In contrast, a larger number of processes were overrepresented in M females, highlighted by nuclear gene enrichment and the downregulation of chromosome condensation.
To better understand the molecular basis of non-genetic microsomia, a microarray experiment was conducted on the liver of newborns. Microsomic females showed a significantly higher number of DEGs than M males compared with their respective controls (776 vs 437), supporting more complex metabolic changes in females. Among the DEGs detected, the important epigenetic regulator Trim28 (tripartite motif-containing 28) was found in both sexes. Also known as Kap1 (KRAB-associated protein-1), the gene Trim28 is ubiquitously expressed throughout development [30] and is a critical regulator of this process. Some authors have attributed to this protein an important role in epigenetic control whereby it physically attaches itself to several histone methyltransferases (HMTs) [31], synergistically triggering the methylation of transposons [32]. In MF, Trim28 was upregulated along with Hdac5 (Additional file 7: Table S2) compared to CF, which suggests a change in the epigenome as the mechanism for the alternative metabolic program. This observation is consistent with the findings reported by another study in which epigenetic changes in histones induced by a Trim28 heterozygous deletion were linked to weight variations at birth [33]. This latter study also revealed a high predisposition of female Trim28 heterozygous mice to impaired glucose tolerance. Moreover, we have observed in a previous work persistent epigenetic changes and glucose intolerance phenotypes in animals born after embryo in vitro culture, including M animals showing improved glucose tolerance over controls [34]. A more efficient use of glucose could therefore explain why the M animals in the present study weighed less during the whole experiment, regardless of sex or diet.
The proto-oncogene c-MET is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase cell surface receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is mainly involved in cell proliferation and tumor expansion [37, 38]. In the liver, c-MET regulates a large number of molecular pathways related to its plasticity [39], thus the high expression levels observed for this gene in MF (Additional file 7: Table S2) could be attributed to an adaptation process. This finding together with the fact that no c-Met transcription variation was detected in microsomic males, could support the idea of a more complex adaptation process in females. Importantly, this gene has also been associated with skeletal muscle atrophy in mice [40], providing an alternative explanation for the low weight shown by these animals at birth. In addition, c-MET has been recently related to the capacity of the liver to regulate blood glucose levels, inducing hepatic uptake and inhibiting output [41]. Thus, the lower AUC obtained in the glucose tolerance test could be explained by the synergistic reduction of blood glucose and IGF-1 levels.
Curiously and contrary to the case in females, Trim28 was downregulated in M males compared with Cs (Additional file 7: Table S2). Chd1 (chromatin remodeling factor-1) was also found to be upregulated as were other components of this epigenetic protein complex, namely Ncor1 (nuclear receptor corepressor-1) and Pbx1 (pre B-cell leukemia homeobox-1) (Additional file 7: Table S2). CHD1 is a helicase DNA binding protein required to maintain the open chromatin of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells [42]. This protein associates with the promoters of active genes to maintain the current transcriptional profile [42] in response to epigenetic changes such as methylations [43]. In the same line, NCoR1 co-repressor protein has been identified in histone-deacetylase (HDAC) complexes with a role in chromatin structure modulation [44], and PBX1 has been described to regulate the activity of the epigenetic coactivators HDACs and histone acetyltransferases [45]. These data again support the hypothesis of epigenetic alterations provoking the altered gene expression profile of microsomic animals.
Recent data suggest that Igf1 expression is promoted by all-trans retinoic acids (ATRA) in epidermal and skeletal tissue [51]. In this latter study, variations in the developmental gene profile were detected in response to a high-vitamin A (retinol) diet in fish larvae. As a result, body size and weight were significantly reduced, and Tgfb1 and RxR were upregulated, along with Igf1 in later stages of development [51]. In addition, ATRA have a growth inhibitory effect through upregulation of the c-Met gene [52]. Since we observed a similar transcription profile (Additional file 7: Table S2) and phenotype in our MF model, it could be suggested that epigenetic variations arising from the RA pathway, among others, induced a different gene expression profile and a reduction in body weight and size. Remarkably, the findings of other studies have shown how RA and upregulation of the components of the CRABP-II/RA pathway [53] prevent diet-induced weight gain in mice by inhibiting adipogenesis in vivo[54]. Related to this, other investigations have determined that besides preventing induced obesity ATRA also improve glucose intolerance and high SBP. These transcriptional features mimic what happens in our model, interestingly, independent of sex (Additional file 7: Table S2) (Figure 5). Certainly, without considering the influence of diet, normal, or even improved, levels of glucose tolerance and SBP were obtained in M animals. Although several other DEGs in these animals could contribute to this behavior, they could all be the consequence of subsequent global modifications derived from the main RA branch.
The concept of early life programing is widely accepted, but for a complete picture of DOHaD we have to understand the different mechanisms of adaptation. Indeed, our work reveals that a low birth weight is not always an indicator of intrauterine nutrient restriction, and that it could be the consequence of stochastic epigenetic variation. Numerous studies have consistently found evidence of this stochastic epigenetic variation as the driving force for developmental and evolutionary adaptation [55–59]. Thus, raised in an identical environment, many loci with highly variable DNA-methylated regions have been identified in the liver and brain of newborn isogenic mice, as well as in the human liver. These loci are associated with development and morphogenesis, and with the functional property of expression. Correspondingly, it has been reported that a range of random variability in quantitative biological traits, for example body weight at 3 months, may originate from early embryo development [7]. Here we confirm that phenotypic variation in preimplantation embryos could be the origin of the random variability of certain measurable biological traits, such as the natural variation in birth weight observed in our inbred mice. We hypothesize that, in early embryos, phenotypic variation is a strategy aimed at maintaining fitness (reproductive success) in a changing environment. This type of adaptive response or plasticity is called anticipatory or predictive adaptation as opposed to immediate adaptation (occurring in the detrimental Intrauterine Growth Restriction [IUGR] adaptive response in the fetus) and comes into play because the early preimplantation embryo lacks the time, organs and/or physiological tools to immediately adjust its phenotypic development to a new challenging environment. Sex differences detected between early embryos could also be related to sex differences in microsomic adaptation [60, 61]. Moreover, we describe here a microsomic epigenetic model based on natural embryo variability that is able to avoid diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome. Upregulation of the RA pathway (including Crabp-II, Ppar, Rbp and RxR) together with a putative increase in the synthesis of its main agonist (RA) via the HOX-PBX1 complex, suggest an epigenetic regulation mechanism whereby abnormal blood glucose levels, high SBP and obesity could be prevented or reversed. Hence, it becomes clear that mammalian early embryos undergo large scale reprograming of DNA methylation patterns with the potential to create epigenetic diversity among cells and individuals [62]. This could be important for cell fate decisions in development and for creating phenotypic diversity in early embryo development.
Animal model
All experimental procedures involving mice were approved by the Ethics Board of the INIA and performed according to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals adopted by the Society for the Study of Reproduction and to European legislation. Mice were fed a standard diet (Global Diet 2014, Fat 13%, Protein 20% and Carbohydrates 67%; Harland Iberica) or high fat diet (from week 6 to 24 of age) (TD.08811 45% kcal Fat Diet (Fat 44,6%, Protein 14,8% and Carbohydrates 40,6%); Harland Iberia) ad libitum and kept in a temperature- and light-controlled environment (22–24°C, 14 L:10D). Adult C57Bl/6 N mice (Harland) were bred for 2 weeks, and then transferred to individual cages. Dams delivered naturally, fostered their own pups, and only litters with 6 to 8 animals were used in the experiments. Pups were weighed one day after birth and upon weaning (Day 20 of life).
Thereafter, weights were recorded each week. Utilizing standard clinical criteria, microsomia was identified by a gender-specific weight below the 10th percentile at birth. For control mice, appropriate growth was defined as a weight within 1 standard deviation of the colony mean. For each microsomic mouse detected (36 males and 38 females), the corresponding littermate control mouse was identified (37 males and 35 females). All study groups consisted of mice from at least 14 different litters. ICR (CD-1®) Outbred Mice (Harlan) were used to quantify birth weight variability in an outbred mouse line. Growth conditions were similar to those used for the C57BL/6 N mice, but in this case only litters with 7 to 10 animals were used in the experiment. To examine the phenotypic response to a high-fat diet, mice were fed a normal diet or a diet rich in lipids from weeks 6 to 24 of age. For the organ weight, two year old mice were sacrificed and some viscera, including the liver, lung, heart, kidney, spleen, and testes were excised and accurately weighed. The coefficients of these organs to body weight were calculated as the ratio of tissues (wet weight) to body weight.
For experiments of embryo transfer, embryos were produced using female C57BL/6 N mice aged 6–8 weeks old. Superovulation was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG, Folligon, Intervet, Spain), followed 48 h later, by 5 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Immediately after hCG administration, females were paired with a male of the same genetic background in an individual cage overnight. Morula and blastocysts were collected from the uterus of females 3 or 4 days after mating. Embryos (10 to 15 per female) were transferred into the uterus of Day 3.5 C57BL/6 N pseudopregnant females [63].
Baseline studies
At 6 months of age, glucose tolerance tests were performed using 10 animals per group. Mice were transferred to a clean cage and left to fast overnight (16 h) with ad libitum access to water. The following morning, the animals underwent a blood glucose tolerance test. Whole-blood b-D-glucose levels were determined using a standard handheld glucometer (Glucocard Gsensor, Arkray Factory, Inc.) on blood samples (2 μl/measurement) collected from the tip of the tail. Following baseline glucose measurements, the mice were injected i.p. with glucose (20% solution, 1.5 mg/g). Blood glucose readings were then taken at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min postinjection. Food was supplied immediately following the last measurement. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for plasma glucose (AUCglucose) levels for the entire 120-min study period according to the trapezoid rule.
For blood pressure measurements, 6 months age mice were acclimated to restraint and tail-cuff inflation. The restraint platform was kept at 33–34°C. The mouse was placed in a metal box restraint with its tail passing through the optical sensor and compression cuff and taped to the platform. A traditional tail-cuff occluder was placed proximally on the mouse's tail, and the animal was then immobilized by taping to a V-shaped block between a light source (above) and a photoresistor (below). On inflation, the occluder stops blood flow through the tail, and on deflation return blood flow (RTF) is detected by the sensor. Amplifier and instrument controls were set during an initial series of inflation-deflation cycles. This instrument (model BP 2000 Blood Pressure Analysis System, Visitech Systems; Apex, NC) automatically takes 10 30-s measurements using proprietary software (BP-2000 Software Beta Version 03/10/97). If at least 5 out of 10 readings were acceptable, the highest and lowest readings were discarded, and the remaining readings were averaged as a single session value. Ten animals per experimental group were used.
Survival curves were constructed for each group of mice (using the number of animals per group indicated above) fed or not fed with hfd, according to the Dinse-Lagakos method [64].
Body length, assessed by the mean of two measurements of nose-to-tail base distance (with five days of interval), was measured in anaesthetized adult animals at 30 and 33 weeks of age (for female and male respectively). Body lengths were recorded for 20 animals per group.
RNA extraction
Livers from each experimental group (normal birth weight or microsomal littermates) were extracted from newborn mice. Total RNA was prepared using the TRIzol® Reagent Kit (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instructions. Samples were additionally treated with RNeasycolumn purification kit (QIAGEN) in order to completely remove genomic DNA. Immediately after extraction, total RNA was cooled to -80 ºC until further use.
Independent verification of array data by real-time RT-PCR
The RT reaction was carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions (Promega, Madrid, Spain) on 2 μl of total RNA to generate cDNA. Tubes were heated to 70°C for 5 min to denature the secondary RNA structure and then the RT mix was completed by the addition of 5 units of Superscript RT enzyme. After incubation at room temperature for 10 min and then at 42°C for 60 min to allow the reverse transcription of RNA, the mix was heated at 70°C for 10 min to denature the RT enzyme. We used 2 μl of cDNA sample in the RT-PCR mix to detect each transcript.
All mRNA transcripts were quantified by real-time qRT-PCR. At least, three replicate PCR experiments were conducted for all genes of interest. In each sample, relative levels of each transcript and histone H2az were compared. PCR was performed by adding a 2-μl aliquot of each sample to the PCR mix (Quantimix Easy Sig Kit, Biotools) containing the specific primers. Primer sequences, annealing temperatures, and the approximate sizes of the amplified fragments of all transcripts are shown in (Additional file 8: Table S3). The comparative cycle threshold (CT) method was used to quantify expression levels. Quantification was normalized to the endogenous control H2az. Fluorescence was acquired in each cycle to determine the threshold cycle or the cycle during the log-linear phase of the reaction at which fluorescence increased above background levels for each sample. Within this region of the amplification curve, a difference of one cycle is equivalent to doubling of the amplified PCR product. According to the comparative CT method, the CT value was determined by subtracting the H2az CT value for each sample from the CT value for each gene. To calculate CT, the highest sample CT value was used (i.e., the sample with the lowest target expression) as an arbitrary constant to subtract from all other CT sample values. Fold changes in relative gene expression of the target were determined using the formula 2–CT.
Statistical analysis
Data processing and statistical tests were performed using the SigmaStat (Jandel Scientific) package. Differences in body weight, animal size, glucose levels (in the glucose tolerance test) and gene transcription were analyzed by one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). When necessary, percentages and proportions were arcsine-transformed to normalize data. When main effects were detected, Holm-Sidak post hoc tests were used for comparisons between groups. The trapezoidal rule was used to determine the AUC of the glucose curves. Mean differences were assessed by one-way repeated-measures ANOVA and significance determined using the Holm-Sidak post hoc test. Significance was set at P ≤0.05.
Microarray analysis
RNA from the liver of newborn mice was purified according to standard methods (SI M & M). Samples were amplified, labeled using the Agilent Quick Amp labeling kit, and hybridized using the Agilent SurePrint G3 Mouse GE 8x60K Microarray (G4852A-028005) (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA) and Agilent SureHyb hybridization chambers. Three independent replicate experiments were performed for each group. The resulting working gene lists of transcripts were imported to the Ingenuity® iReport microarray analysis program (Ingenuity® Systems) and FatiGo for gene ontology [19].
Availability of supporting data
Raw data from microarray experiments was submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo). The platform ID is GPL13912 and accession ID is GSE49876.
Differentially expressed genes
- DOHaD:
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
Enrichment score
Histone methyltransferase
Histone deacetylase
Intrauterine growth restriction
Retinoic acid
Retinoid X receptors.
This work was funded by Grant AGL2012-39652 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.


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Dirt On My Boots Video And Mp3 Songs Are Available For Download , dirt on my boots Is Available In Mp4 Mp3 3Gp And Other Formats , Dirt On My Boots Free Download.
Vevo followed country star Jon Pardi to the Tejas Rodeo Company in Bulverde, Texas for a 'Vevo Presents' concert of tunes culled from his second studio album
The above listed videos are really hot and exclusive, so dont miss it.
Been up since the crack of dawn Just trying to paid Been hotter than a thousand suns I can't find no shade Just two more roads and I'm good to go Yeah, I'm
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Dance teach and Demo of the "Dirt On My Boots" line dance choreographed by Chance Phebus, song by Jon Teach and demo by Carrie McNeish,


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WhatsApp is the world's largest and fastest growing communications company with over one billion active users globally. If you are looking for a fun full time job, have an Android, iPhone, Windows Phone or other smartphone, and consider yourself a smartphone gadget geek, keep on reading...
Assist WhatsApp users with account access issues.
Educate users about the solutions we can provide and what steps to take to prevent future account access problems.
Track user inquiries with account access issues.
Ability to quickly learn new systems and tools
Sensitivity around user data required
Passion for helping people
Ability to process high email volume with precesion
Ability to read, write, and speak Brazilian Portuguese
Bachelor's degree preferred


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Bringing Colour & Art to Children's Hearts
Sorry, no content matched your criteria.
Oh so simple and yet so cute! ... See MoreSee Less
Clever and fun way to Learn!!
Super simple and fun bug hotels for all ages <3 ... See MoreSee Less
Simple Bug Hotel for Kids - Red Ted Art's Blog
Both my kids adore digging around in the garden and exploring – finding ants and beetles and worms and bugs. So I knew it wouldn't be long before we HAD to make a simple Bug Hotel with them. Our b...
I would have never guessed that adorable apron was made from an old shirt. So clever! ... See MoreSee Less
CLEVER SEWING PROJECTS www.the36thavenue.com/sewing-projects/ I love the idea of turning an old shirt into a new apron!
Love eggs sandwiches? ... See MoreSee Less
This is seriously the best sandwich EVER. Get the recipe --> spaceshipsandlaserbeams.com/blog/party-food/the-best-egg-salad-sandwich-recipe
I feel for this lady. Heartbreaking ~
"I'm a 27 year old woman, and I get bullied very regularly. What do people get out of it? What if your words had been the final straw?" ... See MoreSee Less
Woman Shares Fat Shaming Story And Gets The Most Incredible Response
"PLEASE think before you speak."


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Channel: Rusiya Al Yaum ; Description: Rusiya Al-Yaum is a Russian TV news channel broadcasting in Arabic and headquartered in Moscow, Russia. The channel covers a wide variety of events world-wide from a Russian perspective. It also features a interviews debates and stories about the cultural life in Russia… Rusiya Al Yaum
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; Homepage: http://www.elahmad.com ; Stream : http://www.elahmad.com/tv/swf/russiatoday_high.swf ; Country: Russia ; Language: Arabic ; Category: Web TV
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jc_murphy_firedog: Friends
Jesse MurphyFiredog
- Location:
- Murphy, NC
- Gender:
- Male
- Service:
- Firefighter / Company Officer
- Status:
- Volunteer
- Hobbies:
- Patch Collecting, Cooking, Family time , Family time , firelink
- Favorite Movies:
- The Guardian,
- Favorite TV Shows:
- Extreme Makeover Home Edition, Castle, First In ,CSI (any) Law&Order, Dr. G , House,
- Favorite Music:
- Rock, some country , NO RAP or Cussing
Comment Wall
Add jc_murphy_firedog as a friend to write on their Comment Wall.
Thanks for the invite, have a great week end, and arrive alive:)
Just thought I would say hi,hope all is well with you. Have a great weekend and stay safe.
over 7 years ago
that's awesome! =)
i'm so happy for you that you get that chance -
over 7 years ago
cool deal
got plans for your (relatively) time off? -
over 7 years ago
how was work?
hope you stay safe and best of wishes for success and joy to your life -
over 7 years ago
thanks for the add!
how are you? -
over 7 years ago
stopin by to say hey and have a safe one : )
Just thought I would say hi. Hope all is well with you. Stay safe
over 7 years ago
Thanks you for comming on board with the ditch doctors do you like the name ?
over 7 years ago
just started a group ditch doctors please join thanks
Thanks for the add, take care, stay safe and God Bless
Were you able to successfully change the email address/password?
over 7 years ago
Don't feel bad JC, your not the only one. I've been havin alot of problems trying to get on here too but I think most of my troubles are due to location. Take care and stay safe my friend and glad to see that your back.
over 7 years ago
Hey JC! It's been too long. Had to drop by and say Hi. I hope all is well with you and your family. Take care and stay safe my friend.
over 7 years ago
started a new job since my pressure cleaning is so slow, now balancing 4 jobs at the same time. The new one is 12 hr shifts 6 days as an office manager and squeezing in Ligonier fire dispatch when I can plus my pressure cleaning jobs. I am tired all the time.LOL


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After reported drinking 'prison hooch' and walking around 'naked' in jail, the singer release a statement which hints that he will take legal action against The Sunday Mirror.
Jailed George Michael is taking legal action against editors of a British tabloid over reports alleging the singer has been boozing behind bars and was bullied by fellow inmates. The Sunday Mirror published an article over the weekend claiming the former Wham! star had been threatened by inmates at London's tough Pentonville jail, where he was sent in September to serve time for drug-related charges.
He has since been moved to Highpoint Prison in Suffolk, England, where editors at the newspaper alleged Michael had befriended a "violent robber", who was protecting him from the reported bullies. They also claimed he had been drinking "prison hooch" to get drunk, before stripping off and walking around "completely naked".
But Michael has been left fuming by the report, and has instructed his legal team to take the publication's bosses to court. In a statement released on Sunday, October 3, the star says, "Much as I would prefer to rise above the usual rubbish that I'm reading day after day about my time here in prison, I think it's only fair to my fans, family and friends to respond in some way, even though I will be home soon."
"Please believe me when I tell you that in the last three weeks there have been no tears, no anxiety, no bullying, in fact not so much as a sleepless night for me. On the contrary, I have been treated with kindness by fellow in-mates and prison staff alike and as far as I can tell, have received no special treatment of any kind whatsoever."
"Most of my days have been spent reading thousands of letters and postcards of incredible support from people around the world. I promise to repay their kindness with new music as soon as I possibly can, and as far as running around this place 'naked' and 'drunk' on 'Hooch' with an inmate for a bodyguard, let's just say that the Sunday Mirror will be hearing from my lawyers very shortly. With Love always, George Michael."
The 55 year old was sentenced to eight weeks behind bars for possession of cannabis and driving under the influence of drugs following an accident in London in July, when he crashed into a shopfront near his home in the city.


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NCERT recruitment 2016-17 notification 05 Accounts Person posts :- National Council of educational research and training (NCERT) invites application for the position of 05 Accounts person at its HQRS vacancies. Applicants may appear walk – in –interview 3rd November 2016.
Name of post:- Accounts person
Eligibility:- Degree in commerce
Job Location:- Delhi
Pay Scale:- Rs 29000/- Per Month
Last Date:- 3rd November 2016
Total No. of Posts:- 05 Posts
Age Limit:- The age of the candidate should not be less than 18 years and should not be more than 65 years. Relaxation of age as per government rules for schedule caste categories candidates (SC) / schedule tribe categories candidates (ST) / other backward class categories candidates (OBC) / Ex-servicemen categories candidates / physically handicapped categories candidates etc.
Qualification:- Candidates should have bachelor degree in commerce from a recognized university.
Selection Procedure:- The selection of the candidates will be on the basis of walk – in – interview that will be held at room no 14, second floor, accounts branch, Zakir Hussain block, NCERT on 3rd November 2016.
How to apply:- Candidates may appear walk – in – typing test that will be held at room no 14, second floor, accounts branch, Zakir Hussain block, NCERT on 3rd November 2016.
Click here to view the advertisement
Like Govnokri.com on facebook to get updated towards latest jobs.
Important Dates:-
- Date of interview is 3rd November 2016.
General Instruction:-
- It is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that they fulfill the eligibility conditions in terms of educational qualification and experience etc.
- Applicants should bring their original certificates and relevant experience certificates, if any to produce at the time of screening / interview.
- The applicants already in jobs should bring no Objection certificate from their present employer.
- No TA / DA will be paid for attending the interview.
- The contract engagement will not confer any claim for regular employment in National Council of educational research and training (NCERT).


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Little Saigon Might Be Lumped With, Dominated By Long Beach In New Congressional Redistricting Plan
In the ongoing struggle over which congressional district to put Little Saigon in, the latest proposal may end up lumping it in with Long Beach.
Based on the first map, Little Saigon was the heart of its proposed district, but doing that pushed Santa Ana into a coastal district, Wisckol writes. So then, the next proposed map put Little Saigon and Santa Ana together. What was the problem with that? Well, it pushed Anaheim into a predominantly Anglo district, much to the chagrin of activists who complained that the move weakened the Latino vote.
"The draft congressional district lines are very bad, splitting not only the bulk of the Asian-American community into two different districts, but also putting the residents of Orange County at a disadvantage."
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