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Gold Leafing From A to Z
The art of gold leafing is an age-old process that can be traced back to Egyptian times. The goal of ancient artisans was to beautify statues, pictures and royal tombs.
Today, gold leafing is applied to everything from automobiles to signage, but artisans are still working with centuries-old hand guilding techniques. Ancient methods, for example, include applying a base coat, sizing, applying the gold leaf onto the object, and burnishing the gold. The main difference between gold leafing in the 14th century B.C. and gold leafing in the 21st century A.D. is the availability of modern materials and tools that simplify the steps involved in hand guilding.
Choosing your materials In terms of the actual gold leafing itself, it comes down to personal preference. While most sign makers work with either 22k or 23k gold, there are many different kinds of genuine gold leaf, including XX deep, patent, moon and ribbon gold, among others. Most sign makers, like Robert Malkamaki, co-owner of Little Mountain Signs in Concord, Ohio, prefer patent gold, also known as a transfer leaf or "guilding in the wind." The gold leaves are attached to a paper backing. The gold is transferred to the sign when it is pressed or rubbed against a sized surface. With patent gold, the sign maker never touches the gold with his hands. Others, like Garballey, prefer "XX" deep gold, also known as loose or regular gold leaf. Individual gold leafs are placed on rouged paper that can be removed or picked up with a guilder's tip. "Double-X gold is made differently than the patent leaf," said Garballey. "It's much thicker and it gives a much better luster and a much better guild. There are no pin holes or anything." The most important thing, said experts, is to use real gold. Gold paints will fade and eventually appear dingy, but genuine gold will retain its brilliance even under extreme weather conditions. "The only thing that lasts like gold and looks like gold and is tough like gold is gold," said Elton Hannaman of Hannaman Sign Crafters in Carlisle, Penn. Hannaman has won many awards during this 25 years working with gold leafing. "There is no acceptable substitute", says Hannaman.
Sealing the surface Alcohol-based primers are the fastest, said Garballey. "Everything today is built on speed," he said. "People aren't as concerned today with age-old techniques. They just want to get from point 'A' to point 'Z' by skipping all the steps in between." There are spray-on and brush-on sealants. Garballey said if it is a carved letter, spray primers are easier to work with than brushes, which can cause snags and runs. Hannaman uses at least three coats of oil-based paint to seal wood. With sign foam, he uses a latex paint first, followed by an oil-based paint. This technique requires the surface to dry for up to three days before the size, the material painted onto the areas where the gold leaf is to be applied, can be applied. A little-known secret of Hannaman's is putting talcum powder on the material. "Sometimes little bits of gold stick on areas that have just been painted," he said. "The talcum powder keeps the gold from sticking on the paint. You thoroughly wipe and vacuum the powder off yet there is still some left, even though you may not see it."
Sizing the surface Just as there are many different kinds of sealants, there are many different kinds of size. There are two basic types of size: water- and oil-based. Water-based sizes work with an activator. "The water-based size allows you to do a large job," said Garballey. "You can size the whole thing and then just activate it as you feel like guilding according to your speed and available time." This is the ancient method for hand guilding, but the end result can sometimes produce a gold that is too shiny in application. The trick with water-based size is acknowledging the depth and angle of the carved letter. "If there is a deep V-groove in the letter, the super shiny water guilded stuff is excellent," said Garballey. "If there is a shallow cut where the sides of the letters are almost parallel with the surface, then there's too much reflection and you almost can't even read the letters." Most sign makers today use oil-based size, which comes in quick, medium and slow drying speeds. The quick size typically dries in about an hour, but the working time is also shortened at only 10-15 minutes. Quick size, then, works well for small jobs, but is not typically used on carved signs because it does not have the same longevity as the medium and slow oils. For most applications, the medium size usually works well, said Garballey. It sets up in about eight to 12 hours and allows the sign maker about four hours to apply the gold leafing. The slow size can take up to three days to dry enough to successfully apply the gold leafing, even longer if the humidity is high. But the working time is exceptional, said Garballey. If you have an intricate job, the slow size is the way to go.
Sizing challenges "You want to make sure you get the timing right," he said. "You can put the gold leaf on early, but then it sinks into the size material and you lose the luster. It may be tacky and accept the gold, but we find out later that it didn't maintain the same luster as those that we held off on. Whereas if you wait until later in the drying period there is a greater luster, a greater reflection. There's a trick in figuring out when that exact time is because if you overshoot it then it won't stick to the sign." Hannaman offers a couple of tips for sizing: First, wait as long as you can and let the size dry almost completely. When you touch a knuckle against the size, he said, it should have no tack at all. The gold will look even brighter the longer you wait. "I also put a small amount of artists oil coloring usually a yellow color in the size so that I know where I've painted the size," said Hannaman.
Applying the gold leaf "The gold leaf is very thin," said Malkamaki. "We usually cut it into narrow strips so that we can apply it to narrow letters. You hold the paper, lay the gold part down onto the size, and then rub the back of the paper so that it transfers to the sizing." The final step in the guilding process is burnishing the gold, making it shiny by rubbing it with a velvet cloth. You can burnish in different directions, said Garballey. "When you burnish the gold vertically it absorbs more light," he said. "The horizontal scratches reflect light. You can actually get two different levels of brilliance."
When to sell gold leafing "You need to know where the sign is going before you decide on selling the client gold leafing," said Malkamaki. "It almost looks cheap if it's not in the right location. You don't just want to put it anywhere." Offices of professional services providers, such as doctors and lawyers are good locations for gold leafing, as are high-end living communities and places of worship. Another tip: Keep it expensive. Garballey said he always prices the job double to give himself a built in guarantee. No matter what goes wrong, he said, he can fix it without passing blame on anyone. The best strategy for an inexperienced guilder is to do several small jobs before attempting anything that is going to damage your company's reputation. "If you are selling that quality of work it has to be right and it has to stay right," he said. "You can't have it falling apart out there." For that reason, Malkamaki said it is tempting to seal the sign. But he warns against it. "People like to think that they are going to protect the gold by coating it with varnish," he said. "But what will happen is that the heat from the sun will eventually crack that varnish and when it cracks it lifts off the gold." Those who practice the ancient art of gold leafing agree that the beginner will make some mistakes. But as the old adage goes, practice makes perfect. Understanding the key steps involved, the materials available and a few tricks of the trade is a good start on the road of hand guilding. For additional information, read "Gold Leaf Techniques" by Raymond Leblanc. |
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M u M u
Mayhem # 2528589
About MeMy name is Stephanie, Born and raised in Ocala, Florida. I'm 19 years old. I just recently started doing photo shoots. Everyone has always told me I should model because I'm tall and I gave it a shot and I LOVE it. I'm on this site because I'd love to meet and shoot with some new photographers. Message me if you would like to set something up :)(I will NOT pay for my photo shoots so if you charge, I am not interested) CreditsHave you worked with Stephanie Helgeland? Add Credits for Stephanie Helgeland! >>Friends


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Artist description:
Rat Yuki =D
Yuki Sohma
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Java Draw Created Dec 31, 2010 640 x 460px Unless noted Copyright 2010 Akito Sohma.
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Event: Mallika Sherawat was spotted at the Mumbai International Airport as she arrived in India.
Guest List: Mallika Sherawat, Shweta Pandit
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Date: 01-Sep-2010
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Bollywood actress Bipasha Basu and Yami Gautam were spotted at Bandra.


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Home › magazine › product features › Dust free Hako sweeper Sweepmaster 650
Dust-free Hako sweeper Sweepmaster 650
3rd of October 2014For cleaning of smaller and medium-sized carpeted areas Hako developed the vacuum sweeper Sweepmaster 650. Despite being compact in size at 68.5 cm wide it boasts performance of up to 3,525 square metres an hour.
The drive enables fatigue-free operation even if the machine is used for long periods of time, says Hako, and there is a choice of quiet industrial petrol engine or a maintenance-free battery drive. The E version of the machine is equipped with an on-board charging system and integrated charging cable, so batteries can be recharged at any time and at any plug socket.
For cleaning larger areas the optional carpet kit allows the Sweepmaster B650 to clean short pile carpets too.


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PIX 501 firewall configuration for small businesses
Cisco's PIX 501 firewall is well suited for a small business customers' needs. Learn how to configure the PIX 501 firewall.
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Cisco's PIX 501 firewall is suited for small businesses -- the very customers who often lack the IT resources and expertise to carry out their own network administration. Learn how to configure the PIX 501 firewall for your SMB customers with this tip.
PIX firewall configuration from scratch
A Cisco PIX firewall is meant to protect one network from another. There are PIX firewalls for small home networks and PIX firewalls for huge campus or corporate networks. In this example, we will be configuring a PIX 501 firewall. The 501 model is meant for a small home network or a small business.
PIX firewalls use the adaptive security algorithm (ASA). This algorithm assigns security levels to interfaces and says that no traffic can flow from a lower-level interface (like the outside interface) to a higher-level interface (like the inside interface) without a rule allowing it. The outside interface has a security level of zero and the inside interface has a security level of 100.
The basic PIX configuration involves a list of relatively simple tasks.
- Set the hostname
- Set passwords (login and enable)
- Configure IP addresses on interfaces
- Enable interfaces
- Configure a default route
Learn more on PIX 501 firewall configuration for small businesses.
About the author
David Davis (CCIE #9369, CWNA, MCSE, CISSP, Linux+, CEH) has been in the IT industry for 15 years. Currently, he manages a group of systems/network administrators for a privately owned retail company and authors IT-related material in his spare time. He has written more than 50 articles, eight practice tests and three video courses and has co-authored one book. His Web site is HappyRouter.com.
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As for your honing compound/polishing paste, you should all try Mothers Mag alumunim polish. Not sure if it has carbides or if its just purely chemical, but this stuff leaves a real mirror polish as well as a truly, scary sharp edge!
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Editors' Note: The download button opens the iTunes App Store, where you may continue the download process. You must have iTunes installed with an active iTunes account in order to download and install the software. This download may not be available in some countries.
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From 7kinderland:
Cocomong Animation 2: Episode 07 ~ 12 Apps for Kids! Cocomong animation finally comes the iPhone app. Cocomong animation is the 3D animation was created for baby. In a car, a restaurant, at home, Anywhere! Anytime! Kids always enjoy by oneself with Exiting Cocomong Animation Apps! Cocomong Animation 02 List- Lets Play All Together- Is Padak really sick- Agles hat flew away- Kaeros so cool- I wish I had a tail- I am Robokong Cocomong Video List- Opening Video- Ending Video- Character introduction Video
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Barclay James Harvest Mail Order
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JOHN LEES - A MAJOR FANCY 2CD Esoteric CD with bonus disc, November 2010 |
CD One
CD Two
JOHN LEES - A MAJOR FANCY CD Eagle CD, October 1999 |
Eagle CD Tracklisting:
Recorded back in 1972 with musicians such as Rod Argent, Eric Stewart and Kev Godley and produced by Wally Waller of the Pretty Things, A Major Fancy got shelved during contractual negotiations for Barclay James Harvest's move from Harvest to Polydor. It was eventually released on the Harvest Heritage label in 1977, but didn't appear on CD until 1999.
We can offer two versions on CD:
- Now in stock, the brand new 2010 remastered double CD set in a card slipcase, with a bonus disc including one previously unheard song, unreleased alternative versions and demos.
- The 1999 Eagle Records release on a single CD.
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John Lees - A Major Fancy | 2CD in slipcase | £14.00 | £15.50 | £17.00 | |
Single CD | £12.00 | £13.50 | £15.00 |