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Journal of Banking & Finance
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May 2011, Volume 35, Issue 5
- 1041-1056 The role of co-managers in reducing flotation costs: Evidence from seasoned equity offerings
by Jeon, Jin Q. & Ligon, James A. - 1057-1072 Does the "Bund" dominate price discovery in Euro bond futures? Examining information shares
by Fricke, Christoph & Menkhoff, Lukas - 1073-1086 Identification of speculative bubbles using state-space models with Markov-switching
by Al-Anaswah, Nael & Wilfling, Bernd - 1087-1096 Market structure and the pass-through of the federal funds rate
by Adams, Robert M. & Amel, Dean F. - 1097-1113 Advantageous innovation and imitation in the underwriting market for corporate securities
by Herrera, Helios & Schroth, Enrique - 1114-1127 Assessing financial contagion in the interbank market: Maximum entropy versus observed interbank lending patterns
by Mistrulli, Paolo Emilio - 1128-1142 Investigating sources of unanticipated exposure in industry stock returns
by Bredin, Don & Hyde, Stuart - 1143-1157 Understanding seasoned equity offerings of Chinese firms
by Bo, Hong & Huang, Zhongnan & Wang, Changyun - 1158-1169 How accurate is the square-root-of-time rule in scaling tail risk: A global study
by Wang, Jying-Nan & Yeh, Jin-Huei & Cheng, Nick Ying-Pin - 1170-1178 Can broker-dealer client surveys provide signals for debt investing?
by Andrade, Sandro C. & Barrett, W. Brian - 1179-1189 The diversification effects of volatility-related assets
by Chen, Hsuan-Chi & Chung, San-Lin & Ho, Keng-Yu - 1190-1201 Non-parametric frontier estimates of mutual fund performance using C- and L-moments: Some specification tests
by Kerstens, Kristiaan & Mounir, Amine & de Woestyne, Ignace Van - 1202-1212 Revisiting the expectations hypothesis of the term structure of interest rates
by Bulkley, George & Harris, Richard D.F. & Nawosah, Vivekanand - 1213-1227 Omitted debt risk, financial distress and the cross-section of expected equity returns
by Aretz, Kevin & Shackleton, Mark B. - 1228-1238 Financial integration and emerging markets capital structure
by Lucey, Brian M. & Zhang, QiYu - 1239-1249 The power of bad: The negativity bias in Australian consumer sentiment announcements on stock returns
by Akhtar, Shumi & Faff, Robert & Oliver, Barry & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar - 1250-1262 On the sources of private information in FX markets
by Moore, Michael J. & Payne, Richard - 1263-1276 Macroeconomic news, announcements, and stock market jump intensity dynamics
by Rangel, José Gonzalo - 1277-1290 The rise of risk-based pricing of mortgage interest rates in Italy
by Magri, Silvia & Pico, Raffaella - 1291-1302 Inherited or earned? Performance of foreign banks in Central and Eastern Europe
by Havrylchyk, Olena & Jurzyk, Emilia - 1303-1314 Firms' debt-equity decisions when the static tradeoff theory and the pecking order theory disagree
by de Jong, Abe & Verbeek, Marno & Verwijmeren, Patrick - 1315-1326 Efficiency and risk in European banking
by Fiordelisi, Franco & Marques-Ibanez, David & Molyneux, Phil - 1327-1340 Ownership structure and risk in publicly held and privately owned banks
by Barry, Thierno Amadou & Lepetit, Laetitia & Tarazi, Amine
April 2011, Volume 35, Issue 4
- 765-767 The future of universal banking
by Kouretas, Georgios P. & Papadopoulos, Athanasios P. - 768-774 Rethinking the liquidity puzzle: Application of a new measure of the economic money stock
by Kelly, Logan J. & Barnett, William A. & Keating, John W. - 775-782 The use of bank lines of credit in corporate liquidity management: A review of empirical evidence
by Demiroglu, Cem & James, Christopher - 783-793 Can pure play internet banking survive the credit crisis?
by Arnold, Ivo J.M. & van Ewijk, Saskia E. - 794-806 Financial dollarization: The role of foreign-owned banks and interest rates
by Basso, Henrique S. & Calvo-Gonzalez, Oscar & Jurgilas, Marius - 807-818 Forecasting the fragility of the banking and insurance sectors
by Bernoth, Kerstin & Pick, Andreas - 819-839 Are foreign banks more profitable than domestic banks? Home- and host-country effects of banking market structure, governance, and supervision
by Chen, Sheng-Hung & Liao, Chien-Chang - 840-855 Interest rates and bank risk-taking
by Delis, Manthos D. & Kouretas, Georgios P. - 856-875 Do foreign banks increase competition? Evidence from emerging Asian and Latin American banking markets
by Jeon, Bang Nam & Olivero, María Pía & Wu, Ji - 876-885 The term structure of banking crisis risk in the United States: A market data based compound option approach
by Eichler, Stefan & Karmann, Alexander & Maltritz, Dominik - 886-901 Towards a more accurate measure of foreign bank entry and its impact on domestic banking performance: The case of China
by Xu, Ying - 902-915 The impact of European bank mergers on bidder default risk
by Vallascas, Francesco & Hagendorff, Jens - 916-934 Cultural influences on home bias and international diversification by institutional investors
by Anderson, Christopher W. & Fedenia, Mark & Hirschey, Mark & Skiba, Hilla - 935-954 Information verifiability, bank organization, bank competition and bank-borrower relationships
by Kano, Masaji & Uchida, Hirofumi & Udell, Gregory F. & Watanabe, Wako - 955-965 A theory of optimal expropriation, mergers and industry competition
by Brisley, Neil & Bris, Arturo & Cabolis, Christos - 966-977 The pricing and performance of leveraged exchange-traded funds
by Charupat, Narat & Miu, Peter - 978-987 Internal liquidity risk in corporate bond yield spreads
by Chen, Tsung-Kang & Liao, Hsien-Hsing & Tsai, Pei-Ling - 988-999 An FFT-network for Lévy option pricing
by Wong, Hoi Ying & Guan, Peiqiu - 1000-1010 Foreign bank entry and firms' access to bank credit: Evidence from China
by Lin, Huidan - 1011-1025 A factor analysis approach to measuring European loan and bond market integration
by Wagenvoort, Rien J.L.M. & Ebner, André & Morgese Borys, Magdalena
March 2011, Volume 35, Issue 3
- 499-501 Global financial crisis, international financial architecture and regulation
by Moshirian, Fariborz - 502-511 The global financial crisis and the evolution of markets, institutions and regulation
by Moshirian, Fariborz - 512-531 Shareholder governance, bondholder governance, and managerial risk-taking
by King, Tao-Hsien Dolly & Wen, Min-Ming - 532-543 Fire sale acquisitions: Myth vs. reality
by Ang, James & Mauck, Nathan - 544-559 Interbank market integration, loan rates, and firm leverage
by Popov, Alexander & Ongena, Steven - 560-571 Competition in banking and the lending channel: Evidence from bank-level data in Asia and Latin America
by Olivero, María Pía & Li, Yuan & Jeon, Bang Nam - 572-587 International fund investment and local market returns
by Jinjarak, Yothin & Wongswan, Jon & Zheng, Huanhuan - 588-605 What drives foreign expansion of the top 100 multinational banks? The role of the credit reporting system
by Tsai, Hsiangping & Chang, Yuanchen & Hsiao, Pei-Hsin - 606-612 The information content of cash dividend announcements in a unique environment
by Al-Yahyaee, Khamis H. & Pham, Toan M. & Walter, Terry S. - 613-626 Small business groups enhance performance and promote stability, not expropriation. Evidence from French SMEs
by Hamelin, Anaïs - 627-638 Managing liquidity: Optimal degree of centralization
by Pokutta, Sebastian & Schmaltz, Christian - 639-652 Estimating exponential affine models with correlated measurement errors: Applications to fixed income and commodities
by Dempster, M.A.H. & Tang, Ke - 653-669 House prices, non-fundamental components and interstate spillovers: The Australian experience
by Costello, Greg & Fraser, Patricia & Groenewold, Nicolaas - 670-680 The relationship between asset growth and the cross-section of stock returns
by Gray, Philip & Johnson, Jessica - 681-697 Contagion risk in the Australian banking and property sectors
by Pais, Amelia & Stork, Philip A. - 698-708 Pitfalls and remedies in testing the calibration quality of rating systems
by Aussenegg, Wolfgang & Resch, Florian & Winkler, Gerhard - 709-723 Access to financing and firm growth
by Rahaman, Mohammad M. - 724-735 Bank size, lending technologies, and small business finance
by Berger, Allen N. & Black, Lamont K. - 736-751 Does regulation substitute or complement governance?
by Becher, David A. & Frye, Melissa B. - 752-764 Simultaneous monetary policy announcements and international stock markets response: An intraday analysis
by Hussain, Syed Mujahid
February 2011, Volume 35, Issue 2
- 253-267 The impact of terrorism on financial markets: An empirical study
by Chesney, Marc & Reshetar, Ganna & Karaman, Mustafa - 268-281 Arbitrage-free credit pricing using default probabilities and risk sensitivities
by Blöchlinger, Andreas - 282-289 Banks' exposure to interest rate risk, their earnings from term transformation, and the dynamics of the term structure
by Memmel, Christoph - 290-299 On syndicate composition, corporate structure and the certification effect of credit ratings
by Bosch, Oliver & Steffen, Sascha - 300-309 Effect of collateral characteristics on bank performance: Evidence from collateralized stocks in Taiwan
by Chen, Anlin & Kao, Lanfeng - 310-322 The macroeconomic sources of systemic risk in the banking sectors of five new EU member states
by Festic, Mejra & Kavkler, Alenka & Repina, Sebastijan - 323-330 Bank capital regulation and credit supply
by Hyun, Jung-Soon & Rhee, Byung-Kun - 331-342 Productivity and efficiency analysis of Shinkin banks: Evidence from bootstrap and Bayesian approaches
by George Assaf, A. & Barros, Carlos P. & Matousek, Roman - 343-357 Price dispersion in OTC markets: A new measure of liquidity
by Jankowitsch, Rainer & Nashikkar, Amrut & Subrahmanyam, Marti G. - 358-371 Hierarchical determinants of capital structure
by Kayo, Eduardo K. & Kimura, Herbert - 372-387 Investment intensity of currencies and the random walk hypothesis: Cross-currency evidence
by Chuluun, Tuugi & Eun, Cheol S. & Kiliç, Rehim - 388-402 Does deposit insurance improve financial intermediation? Evidence from the Russian experiment
by Chernykh, Lucy & Cole, Rebel A. - 403-417 International diversification: A copula approach
by Chollete, Lorán & de la Peña, Victor & Lu, Ching-Chih - 418-429 How do exchange rates co-move? A study on the currencies of five inflation-targeting countries
by Li, Xiao-Ming - 430-442 Options, short-sale constraints and market efficiency: A new perspective
by Phillips, Blake - 443-455 Exchange rate expectations and the pricing of Chinese cross-listed stocks
by Eichler, Stefan - 456-470 Tax avoidance, cost of debt and shareholder activism: Evidence from Korea
by Lim, Youngdeok - 471-477 Asymmetrical return on equity mean reversion and catering
by Chen, An-Sing & Lin, Shih-Chieh - 478-489 The high-frequency response of exchange rates to monetary policy actions and statements
by Rosa, Carlo - 490-497 Information disclosure in credit markets when banks' costs are endogenous
by Van Tassel, Eric
January 2011, Volume 35, Issue 1
- 1-6 A framework for journal assessment: The case of the Journal of Banking & Finance
by Borokhovich, Kenneth A. & Lee, Allissa A. & Simkins, Betty J. - 7-20 Finance journal rankings and tiers: An Active Scholar Assessment methodology
by Currie, Russell R. & Pandher, Gurupdesh S. - 21-35 Market discipline of banks: Why are yield spreads on bank-issued subordinated notes and debentures not sensitive to bank risks?
by Balasubramnian, Bhanu & Cyree, Ken B. - 36-50 Managerial entrenchment, equity payout and capital structure
by Wang, Hao - 51-66 Specialists as risk managers: The competition between intermediated and non-intermediated markets
by Mao, Wen & Pagano, Michael S. - 67-81 Future labor income growth and the cross-section of equity returns
by Kim, Dongcheol & Kim, Tong Suk & Min, Byoung-Kyu - 82-94 The term structure of CD rates and monetary policy transmission
by Nishiyama, Yasuo - 95-103 Detecting time-variation in corporate bond index returns: A smooth transition regression model
by Chen, XiaoHua & Maringer, Dietmar - 104-117 Competition, interlisting and market structure in options trading
by Khoury, Nabil & Perrakis, Stylianos & Savor, Marko - 118-129 Dominant institutional owners and firm value
by Ruiz-Mallorquí, María Victoria & Santana-Martín, Domingo J. - 130-141 Global financial crisis, extreme interdependences, and contagion effects: The role of economic structure?
by Aloui, Riadh & Aïssa, Mohamed Safouane Ben & Nguyen, Duc Khuong - 142-154 Dynamics of international integration of government securities' markets
by Kumar, Manmohan S. & Okimoto, Tatsuyoshi - 155-165 Global equity fund performance, portfolio concentration, and the fundamental law of active management
by Huij, Joop & Derwall, Jeroen - 166-173 Value and capacity of tax shields: An analysis of the slicing approach
by Qi, Howard - 174-181 International evidence on bond risk premia
by Sekkel, Rodrigo - 182-192 Asset-liability management under time-varying investment opportunities
by Ferstl, Robert & Weissensteiner, Alex - 193-203 Does ownership matter in mergers? A comparative study of the causes and consequences of mergers by family and non-family firms
by Shim, Jungwook & Okamuro, Hiroyuki - 204-214 Regime-switching analysis of ADR home market pass-through
by He, Hui & Yang, Jiawen - 215-230 Expected returns, risk premia, and volatility surfaces implicit in option market prices
by Câmara, António & Krehbiel, Tim & Li, Weiping - 231-251 Fiscal policy and financial market movements
by Tagkalakis, Athanasios
December 2010, Volume 34, Issue 12
- 2837-2837 International financial integration
by Lucey, Brian M. - 2838-2850 Integrated models of capital adequacy - Why banks are undercapitalised
by Kretzschmar, Gavin & McNeil, Alexander J. & Kirchner, Axel - 2851-2860 EMU and European government bond market integration
by Abad, Pilar & Chuliá, Helena & Gómez-Puig, Marta - 2861-2873 The reaction of emerging market credit default swap spreads to sovereign credit rating changes
by Ismailescu, Iuliana & Kazemi, Hossein - 2874-2885 Assessing financial market integration in Asia - Equity markets
by Yu, Ip-Wing & Fung, Kang-Por & Tam, Chi-Sang - 2886-2896 Does the difference in valuation between domestic and foreign investors help explain their distinct holdings of domestic stocks?
by Kang, Hyung Cheol & Lee, Dong Wook & Park, Kyung Suh - 2897-2916 Trading activity and bid-ask spreads of individual equity options
by Wei, Jason & Zheng, Jinguo - 2917-2928 Timing exchange rates using order flow: The case of the Loonie
by King, Michael & Sarno, Lucio & Sojli, Elvira - 2929-2940 Loan growth and riskiness of banks
by Foos, Daniel & Norden, Lars & Weber, Martin - 2941-2953 Understanding partial mergers in Japan
by Ushijima, Tatsuo - 2954-2967 Behavior of liquidity and returns around Canadian seasoned equity offerings
by Kryzanowski, Lawrence & Lazrak, Skander & Rakita, Ian - 2968-2984 Does gender matter in bank-firm relationships? Evidence from small business lending
by Bellucci, Andrea & Borisov, Alexander & Zazzaro, Alberto - 2985-2994 Probability of information-based trading and the January effect
by Kang, Moonsoo - 2995-3009 Using the credit spread as an option-risk factor: Size and value effects in CAPM
by Hwang, Young-Soon & Min, Hong-Ghi & McDonald, Judith A. & Kim, Hwagyun & Kim, Bong-Han - 3010-3024 The impact of conglomeration on the option value of equity
by Grass, Gunnar - 3025-3036 A compound option approach to model the interrelation between banking crises and country defaults: The case of Hungary 2008
by Maltritz, Dominik - 3037-3049 The economic function of credit rating agencies - What does the watchlist tell us?
by Bannier, Christina E. & Hirsch, Christian W. - 3050-3054 The effect of bank ownership and deposit insurance on monetary policy transmission
by Andries, Natalia & Billon, Steve - 3055-3060 An analysis of portfolio selection with background risk
by Jiang, Chonghui & Ma, Yongkai & An, Yunbi - 3061-3077 Securitization and systematic risk in European banking: Empirical evidence
by Uhde, André & Michalak, Tobias C. - 3078-3090 Multi-country event-study methods
by Campbell, Cynthia J. & Cowan, Arnold R. & Salotti, Valentina
November 2010, Volume 34, Issue 11
- 2573-2586 The use of technical analysis by fund managers: International evidence
by Menkhoff, Lukas - 2587-2599 Accelerated investment effect of risky debt
by Lyandres, Evgeny & Zhdanov, Alexei - 2600-2613 What drives the performance of convertible-bond funds?
by Ammann, Manuel & Kind, Axel & Seiz, Ralf - 2614-2626 Leads and lags in sovereign credit ratings
by Alsakka, Rasha & ap Gwilym, Owain - 2627-2638 International equity portfolio allocations and transaction costs
by Thapa, Chandra & Poshakwale, Sunil S. - 2639-2651 What drives bank securitisation? The Spanish experience
by Cardone-Riportella, Clara & Samaniego-Medina, Reyes & Trujillo-Ponce, Antonio - 2652-2664 Dynamic portfolio choice with deferred annuities
by Horneff, Wolfram & Maurer, Raimond & Rogalla, Ralph - 2665-2677 Limit-order submission strategies under asymmetric information
by Menkhoff, Lukas & Osler, Carol L. & Schmeling, Maik - 2678-2693 A multi-horizon comparison of density forecasts for the S&P 500 using index returns and option prices
by Shackleton, Mark B. & Taylor, Stephen J. & Yu, Peng - 2694-2708 An advanced perspective on the predictability in hedge fund returns
by Wegener, Christian & von Nitzsch, Rüdiger & Cengiz, Cetin - 2709-2719 Parliamentary election cycles and the Turkish banking sector
by Baum, Christopher F. & Caglayan, Mustafa & Talavera, Oleksandr - 2720-2727 Combining mean reversion and momentum trading strategies in foreign exchange markets
by Serban, Alina F. - 2728-2741 Regime switching correlation hedging
by Lee, Hsiang-Tai - 2742-2752 Commodity derivatives valuation with autoregressive and moving average components in the price dynamics
by Paschke, Raphael & Prokopczuk, Marcel - 2753-2766 Bank fund reallocation and economic growth: Evidence from China
by Chang, Philip C. & Jia, Chunxin & Wang, Zhicheng - 2767-2787 Consumer credit-risk models via machine-learning algorithms
by Khandani, Amir E. & Kim, Adlar J. & Lo, Andrew W. - 2788-2800 Competition for small firm banking business: Bank actions versus market structure
by Scott, Jonathan A. & Dunkelberg, William C. - 2801-2810 Bank profitability and taxation
by Albertazzi, Ugo & Gambacorta, Leonardo - 2811-2821 Substitution between monetary assets and consumer goods: New evidence on the monetary transmission mechanism
by Drake, Leigh & Fleissig, Adrian R. - 2822-2836 The impact of bond rating changes on corporate bond prices: New evidence from the over-the-counter market
by May, Anthony D.
October 2010, Volume 34, Issue 10
- 2307-2317 Is the diversification discount caused by the book value bias of debt?
by Glaser, Markus & Müller, Sebastian - 2318-2327 Auditor reputation and earnings management: International evidence from the banking industry
by Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran & Lim, Chee Yeow & Lobo, Gerald J. - 2328-2345 Corporate bond credit spreads and forecast dispersion
by Güntay, Levent & Hackbarth, Dirk - 2346-2357 Liquidity and market efficiency: A large sample study
by Chung, Dennis & Hrazdil, Karel - 2358-2369 Misreaction or misspecification? A re-examination of volatility anomalies
by Jiang, George J. & Tian, Yisong S. - 2370-2385 Does information drive trading in option strategies?
by Fahlenbrach, Rüdiger & Sandås, Patrik - 2386-2402 Operational outages and aggregate uncertainty in the federal funds market
by Klee, Elizabeth - 2403-2412 Short-sale inflow and stock returns: Evidence from Japan
by Takahashi, Hidetomo - 2413-2424 The Other January Effect: Evidence against market efficiency?
by Marshall, Ben R. & Visaltanachoti, Nuttawat - 2425-2438 How loss averse are investors in financial markets?
by Hwang, Soosung & Satchell, Steve E. - 2439-2449 Investor sentiment, executive compensation, and corporate investment
by Grundy, Bruce D. & Li, Hui - 2450-2461 Capital-based regulation, portfolio risk and capital determination: Empirical evidence from the US property-liability insurers
by Shim, Jeungbo - 2462-2471 Are price limits really bad for equity markets?
by Deb, Saikat Sovan & Kalev, Petko S. & Marisetty, Vijaya B. - 2472-2480 The increasing default risk of US Treasury securities due to the financial crisis
by Nippani, Srinivas & Smith, Stanley D. - 2481-2499 Control/ownership structure, creditor rights protection, and the cost of debt financing: International evidence
by Boubakri, Narjess & Ghouma, Hatem - 2500-2509 Index composition changes and the cost of incumbency
by Gygax, André F. & Otchere, Isaac - 2510-2517 Forecasting bank loans loss-given-default
by Bastos, João A. - 2518-2529 Do executive stock options induce excessive risk taking?
by Dong, Zhiyong & Wang, Cong & Xie, Fei - 2530-2548 Tactical allocation in commodity futures markets: Combining momentum and term structure signals
by Fuertes, Ana-Maria & Miffre, Joëlle & Rallis, Georgios - 2549-2561 Stakeholder welfare and firm value
by Jiao, Yawen - 2562-2571 Liquidity skewness
by Roll, Richard & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar
September 2010, Volume 34, Issue 9
- 2011-2026 Multiple directorships and acquirer returns
by Ahn, Seoungpil & Jiraporn, Pornsit & Kim, Young Sang - 2027-2041 Does proximity matter in international bond underwriting?
by Lau, Sie Ting & Yu, Jing - 2042-2055 Market response to bank relationships: Evidence from Korean bank reform
by Sohn, Wook - 2056-2064 Dynamic European stock market convergence: Evidence from rolling cointegration analysis in the first euro-decade
by Mylonidis, Nikolaos & Kollias, Christos - 2065-2076 Measuring portfolio credit risk correctly: Why parameter uncertainty matters
by Tarashev, Nikola - 2077-2095 The choice of ADRs
by Boubakri, Narjess & Cosset, Jean-Claude & Samet, Anis - 2096-2109 Tempered stable and tempered infinitely divisible GARCH models
by Shin Kim, Young & Rachev, Svetlozar T. & Leonardo Bianchi, Michele & Fabozzi, Frank J. - 2110-2120 Detecting insider trading: The theory and validation in Korea Exchange
by Park, Young S. & Lee, Jaehyun - 2121-2131 A cultural explanation of the foreign bias in international asset allocation
by Beugelsdijk, Sjoerd & Frijns, Bart - 2132-2145 Analytic valuation formulas for range notes and an affine term structure model with jump risks
by Jang, Bong-Gyu & Yoon, Ji Hee - 2146-2157 Market-making costs in Treasury bills: A benchmark for the cost of liquidity
by Griffiths, Mark D. & Lindley, James T. & Winters, Drew B. - 2158-2167 The efficiency of Greek public pension fund portfolios
by Angelidis, Timotheos & Tessaromatis, Nikolaos - 2168-2184 Information asymmetry and the value of cash
by Drobetz, Wolfgang & Grüninger, Matthias C. & Hirschvogl, Simone - 2185-2197 Active portfolio management with benchmarking: A frontier based on alpha
by Alexander, Gordon J. & Baptista, Alexandre M. - 2198-2211 Borrowing in foreign currency: Austrian households as carry traders
by Beer, Christian & Ongena, Steven & Peter, Marcel - 2212-2229 Incentive and entrenchment effects in European ownership
by Bennedsen, Morten & Nielsen, Kasper Meisner - 2230-2237 Convergence to market efficiency of top gainers
by Su, Yong-Chern & Huang, Han-Ching & Hsu, Ming-Wei - 2238-2246 Preference heterogeneity and asset prices: An exact solution
by Weinbaum, David - 2247-2254 Evidence on the insurance effect of bankruptcy exemptions
by Grant, Charles - 2255-2264 Bank regulation, property prices and early warning systems for banking crises in OECD countries
by Barrell, Ray & Davis, E. Philip & Karim, Dilruba & Liadze, Iana - 2265-2279 Information uncertainty, information asymmetry and corporate bond yield spreads
by Lu, Chia-Wu & Chen, Tsung-Kang & Liao, Hsien-Hsing - 2280-2293 Bank involvement with SMEs: Beyond relationship lending
by de la Torre, Augusto & Martínez Pería, María Soledad & Schmukler, Sergio L. - 2294-2305 Information content of IPO grading
by Deb, Saikat Sovan & Marisetty, Vijaya B. - 2306-2306 Erratum to "Variations in sovereign credit quality assessments across rating agencies" [J. Bank. Finance 34 (2010) 1327-1343]
by Hill, Paula & Brooks, Robert & Faff, Robert
August 2010, Volume 34, Issue 8
- 1729-1737 Retail payments: New contributions, empirical results, and unanswered questions
by Humphrey, David B. - 1738-1744 Incentives at the counter: An empirical analysis of surcharging card payments and payment behaviour in the Netherlands
by Bolt, Wilko & Jonker, Nicole & van Renselaar, Corry - 1745-1758 Why are (some) consumers (finally) writing fewer checks? The role of payment characteristics
by Schuh, Scott & Stavins, Joanna - 1759-1772 Price incentives and consumer payment behaviour
by Simon, John & Smith, Kylie & West, Tim - 1773-1787 Payment card rewards programs and consumer payment choice
by Ching, Andrew T. & Hayashi, Fumiko - 1788-1797 Credit card interchange fees
by Rochet, Jean-Charles & Wright, Julian - 1798-1807 Private cards and the bypass of payment systems by merchants
by Bourreau, Marc & Verdier, Marianne - 1808-1817 Bank competition efficiency in Europe: A frontier approach
by Bolt, Wilko & Humphrey, David - 1818-1826 A study of competing designs for a liquidity-saving mechanism
by Martin, Antoine & McAndrews, James - 1827-1838 The coskewness puzzle
by Potì, Valerio & Wang, DengLi - 1839-1848 How resilient is the German banking system to macroeconomic shocks?
by Dovern, Jonas & Meier, Carsten-Patrick & Vilsmeier, Johannes


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Title: | N deposition as a threat to the World's protected areas under the Convention on Biological Diversity |
Authors: | BLEEKER Albert; HICKS Kevin; DENTENER Franciscus; GALLOWAY James; ERISMAN Jan Willem |
Citation: | ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION vol. 159 no. 10 p. 2280-2288 |
Publisher: | ELSEVIER SCI LTD |
Publication Year: | 2011 |
URI: | http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC60868 |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.036 |
Type: | Articles in periodicals and books |
Abstract: | This paper combines the world's protected areas (PAs) under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), common classification systems of ecosystem conservation status, and current knowledge on ecosystem responses to nitrogen (N) deposition to determine areas most at risk. The results show that 40% (approx. 11% of total area) of PAs currently receive >10 kg N/ha/yr with projections for 2030 indicating that this situation is not expected to change. Furthermore, 950 PAs are projected to receive >30 kg N/ha/yr by 2030 (approx. twice the 2000 number), of which 62 (approx. 11,300 km2) are also Biodiversity Hotspots and G200 ecoregions; with forest and grassland ecosystems in Asia particularly at risk. Many of these sites are known to be sensitive to N deposition effects, both in terms of biodiversity changes and ecosystem services they provide. Urgent assessment of high risk areas identified in this study is recommended to inform the conservation efforts of the CBD. 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
JRC Institute: | Sustainable Resources |
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Members | Yes |
Quest item | Elemental Workshop III |
Tradeable | No |
Equipable | No |
Stackable | No |
Disassembly | Yes |
Value | 1 coin |
High alch | 0 coins |
Low alch | 0 coins |
Destroy | If you destroy this book you can find another on a bookshelf in the Seers' Village chapel. |
On death | Always kept outside Wild |
Weight | 0.1 kg |
Examine | Book of the Elemental Body, there is a raised relief on the front. |
Ragged book is obtained during the Elemental Workshop III quest. It is used with soft clay to make a key mould. If destroyed this book can be found in your POH bookcase after the quest or it can be reobtained by searching the bookshelf in the Seers' Village Chapel. You must have the book in your inventory to make a Body body in the anvils located in the Elemental workshop. Players may not obtain another book without destroying their current copy however the book serves no purpose after the quest except to read (see below).
On the face of it, this book opens a door to a great endeavour; look more closely and you will find the key to untapped powers and energies. I can only encourage you to investigate.
The movement of the assistant's consciousness to the primed metal bar obviously had an effect of Vitruvius. Rather than research the primed metal any further, he resolved to return thought and life to the still body that sat in the corner of his workshop.
Attempts to reverse the priming process were unsuccessful. The primed metal bar was resilient and impervious to any experimentation. Frustrated, Vitruvius turned his attentions to the magical powers of the body, as found in the body runes of the world. Using a modulated version of the priming machine, coupled with intricate clockwork, he perfected a method of artificially replicating the energy.
It became clear from an early stage that even a small output of 'body' energy required a machine of an unwieldy size. Further revisions to the machine increased this size, yet Vitruvius was still only able to bring a single limb to life. To compound his frustration, the 'body' energy caused the arm to react violently, flailing and tearing at the assistant. Vitruvius had little choice but to amputate it and store it safely away.
Having made a soft clay mould of the limb in a temporary effort to rearm his assistant, Vitruvius resolved to investigate every nook and corner of magic to return his assistant to a semblance of life.DisassemblyEdit
Disassembly XP | 0.1 |
Item quantity required | 1 |
Material count | 1 |
Base junk chance | 98.9% |
Possible materials | |
Often | |
Simple parts | 99% |
Rarely | |
Variable components | 1% |
Part 3 of the Elemental Workshop quest series | |
NPCs | |
Enemies |
Items |
Rewards |
Locations |
Music |
Related | Quick guide |


text:
Add To Cart
Daily Light Devotional, NKJV--bonded leather, burgundy
Product Description
▼▲Product Information
▼▲Format: Bonded Leather Number of Pages: 816 Vendor: J Countryman Publication Date: 1998 | Dimensions: 5.25 X 4.25 X .75 (inches) ISBN: 0849954061 ISBN-13: 9780849954061 UPC: 023755054067 |
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Publisher's Description
▼▲Anne Graham Lotz, a powerful Bible teacher in her own right, now takes this revered classic and includes some of her own favorite scripture verses and a new introduction. The book includes NKJV readings for every morning and evening of the year plus a topical index of 60 subjects.
JCountryman offers the only leather edition which is available with tan or burgundy cover and features a gift box, ribbon, and gilded pages.
Author Bio
▼▲Anne Graham Lotz, daughter of Billy and Ruth Graham, is the president and CEO of AnGeL Ministries, a nonprofit organization that undergirds her efforts to draw people into a life-changing relationship with God through his Word. Anne launched her revival ministry in 2000 and has spoken on seven continents, in more than twenty foreign countries, proclaiming the Word of God in arenas, churches, seminaries, and prisons. She is also the award-winning author of ten books, including her most recent, The Magnificent Obsession.
Product Reviews
ejm48Northeast GeorgiaAge: 55-65Gender: female5 Stars Out Of 5The Best Devotional In Print!December 28, 2012ejm48Northeast GeorgiaAge: 55-65Gender: femaleQuality: 5Value: 5Meets Expectations: 5I have loved this for many years. Wore my original first paperback to many pieces. This one has the nice leather cover and will never wear out. I give a copy as a gift to those I love most at what seems to be the right moment in time. Lovely quality as well.
PhilAtascadero, CAAge: Over 65Gender: male5 Stars Out Of 5ExcellentMay 4, 2012PhilAtascadero, CAAge: Over 65Gender: maleQuality: 5Value: 5Meets Expectations: 5Have used this devotional for several years and have enjoyed it immensely. This purchase was for a gift. I have purchased it for numerous times for gifts for family and friends. I recommend it wholeheartedly.
Auntie JenHolland, MIAge: 35-44Gender: female5 Stars Out Of 5Makes for a lovely giftFebruary 27, 2012Auntie JenHolland, MIAge: 35-44Gender: femaleQuality: 5Meets Expectations: 5I love the various verses for each day. Since these verses are usually grouped in a theme, they often give me a fresh insight into a verse or idea, a new way of looking at it. My parents gave me this little devotional over a decade ago, and I have enjoyed using it for many years. I recently gave this to a friend and she seems to also be enjoying it immensely. I'd recommend!
peppermintChattanoga TNAge: 55-65Gender: female5 Stars Out Of 5Looks very niceAugust 24, 2011peppermintChattanoga TNAge: 55-65Gender: femaleQuality: 5Value: 5Meets Expectations: 5Has such a nice appearance....Would make a great gift for anyone
JKSB5 Stars Out Of 5July 30, 2011JKSBQuality: 5Value: 5Meets Expectations: 5I love to give this for graduation gifts. It can be personalized for just a few dollars more.
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Twilight Tour at the Zoo
Experience the sights and sounds of the Zoo at twilight.
After dinner at home, observe interesting animal behavior while taking a tour of the Zoo in a small group led by your personal guide. (Please note that not all animals are out at night.) Tours start promptly at 6:30 p.m. and will occur rain or shine. Meet at the front of the zoo.
Registration required.


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London: an international fashion capital and cradle of trends: austere in the Victorian period, irreverent during the 1960's.
London ranks first among the tourists' destination of choice though, perhaps, what stands out the most, and increases its appeal in the eyes of visiting foreigners is how strongly it is loved by its own people.
There is no other city in the world in which, walking through its streets, you see genuine pride in the eyes of its citizens. And this happens for a reason and is mirrored in the general atmosphere that characterizes London: the absolute respect for the city, the will to always improve it and a strong sense of civic duty and responsibility.
From 15th to 19th of February, it will host the London Fashion Week: established and up-and-coming designers will present their collections in the venues of the Somerset House participating, twice a year, in this great fashion melting-pot.
Inspired by the same disposition for edgy and avant-garde trends, we have compiled a directory of places where to sleep, eat and experience the true London spirit.
London is an expert in striking the right balance between antique and contemporary, traditional and modern. Hence, here is an iconic example: The Gore, a historic hotel in South Kensington that opened in 1892 and, since then, has offered its guests "a home away from home".
Notting Hill is often visited by people eager to see the famous bookshop of the movie starring Julia Roberts and Hugh Grant or to browse the stalls of Portobello Road market.
However, among the many reasons to visit this pastel-coloured neighbourhood is Miller's, a hotel with a bygone days appeal where the antique furniture and decoration found in each room add to its charm and romanticism.
A true quintessentially English gem in the heart of London is Claridge's which boasts, among its distinguished guests, the likes of Winston Churchill, Cary Grant, Audrey Hepburn, Yul Brynner and Bing Crosby. As well as Spencer Tracy, Aristotle and Jackie Onassis, Diane Von Furstenberg and Kate Moss who chose Claridge's for her 30th birthday celebrations.
The Rookery Hotel is located in fashionable Farringdon: it is a small hotel full of warmth and character furnished with wood panelling, stone flooring and open fires that contribute to create a lovely and homely atmosphere.
Last but not least, the Town Hall Hotel. Here each room is unique, furnished with design and vintage pieces. Some recall the Edwardian period, others are ultramodern chic lofts, but all are characterized by lavish grandeur.
Although the tea break remains a must, there are many other meet-up opportunities in 21st century London.
Brunch, for instance. Raoul's Gourmet in Notting Hill offers exciting variations on typical recipes: chicken wings with soya and honey or fried eggs on a mushroom bruschetta, to name few.
Finding a restaurant with one branch only is almost impossible in London. Therefore, when asking for advice, it's important to find out both the name of the restaurant and the best branch among the many of the same chain.
As with Raoul's, also with Ottolenghi the choice of neighbourhood is Notting Hill. The underlying philosophy is prime quality ingredients with which every recipe is prepared right from scratch paying the utmost care and attention. The cuisine is, in this case, mostly inspired by the Mediterranean culinary tradition.
The best choice from the Caravan chain is the one in King's Cross: the brunch menu offers a wide selection to choose from. We let the pleasure of experimenting and indulging in the various options to you.
Chinese restaurants in London are not in the slightest similar to the "spring roll tradition" of their Italian equivalent. Quite the contrary: in here they are much cooler and have more character. The Royal China in Baker Street is the biggest of the chain and offers Hong Kong specialties to up to 170 seated guests.
Opened in 2004, Yauatcha received its first Michelin star within a year of its opening. This is a modern reinterpretation of a traditional Chinese teahouse: the open-plan layout and the visible kitchen engage both passersby from the street and the restaurants' clients.
In terms of Japanese cuisine, Yashin in Argyll road debunks any cliché you may have. Forget about the usual Japanese ambiance: think, instead, a typically English venue where instead of pudding you can taste a carpaccio of Scottish salmon with yellow pepper sauce.
At Dinings, Japanese cuisine is fused with a modern European take. Plus, the fish is exceptionally fresh.
Also, in terms of exotic cuisine, a must try is Bodega Negra, both the restaurant at 9 Compton Street and the cafe at 16 Moor Street.
Once in London make sure you try Lulu's club, New baron and The box.
Leighton House is the former home of Victorian artist, Frederic Lord Leighton. It is one of the architecturally most significant buildings of the 19th century and hosts a fascinating collection of paintings and sculptures by Leighton and his contemporaries.
The house of John Soane is a museum open to the public since the beginning of the 19th century. Designed by Soane himself, it was built with living purposes as well as to turn it into a museum space.
Currently, the National Portrait Gallery hosts an exhibition on Man Ray which gathers most of the portraits produced by the artists during his career.
Since January 30th, Tate Britain has been running the first exhibition entirely focused on Kurt Schwitters and the works of his latest period.
The Hayward Gallery is renowned for presenting works by cutting edge and innovative artists. In line with the architectural trends of the 60's, the building is one of the few remaining examples of that style. Currently, a must-see exhibition is the fascinating Light Show which explores the use of light to create sculptures.
Innovative and always forward-looking, London boasts a wealth of galleries: until February 23rd, the Edel Assanti gallery features an exhibition gathering many artists. From 16th February, the Gagosian Gallery will open a monographic show on ROBERT RAUSCHENBERG.
Visit Sadie Coles for two interesting exhibitions on Angus Fairhurst and Richard Prince. For those who are lucky to be already in London, until February 8th, at Pilar Corrias you can attend an unusual display: not canvases, but videos by John Skoog.
The All visual arts offers a wide choice: from the solo exhibition on Kate MccGwire, to the group exhibition entitled Wonderful to the works of Jonathan Wateridge.
Soon featuring at the Spruth Magers are the works by Richard Artschwager while, if interested, hurry as the exhibitions on Antony Gormley and Elad Lassry are about to close down at the White Cube.
Lastly, the Lisson Gallery hosts installations by Richard Wentworth and, for the third time, Victoria Miro features an exhibition of works by John Kørner.
If your passion is design, these two addresses are certainly worthy: the Design Museum and the Lots Road Auctions in which visitors escape everyday routine to discover intriguing pieces from all historical periods.
The Gore
190 Queen's Gate London, Greater London SW7 5EX, Regno Unito
+44 20 7584 6601
IIIA Westbourne Grove
London, W24UW
Brook St Mayfair, London W1K 4HR, Regno Unito
+44 20 7629 8860
Rookery Hotel
Peter's Lane, Cowcross Street, London, EC1M 6DS
+44(0)20 7336 0931
Town Hall Hotel
Patriot Square Bethnal Green, London E2 9NF, Regno Unito
+44 20 7871 0460
Raoul's Gourmet
105 - 107 Talbot Road, London W11 2AT
Tel +44 (0)20 7229 2400
63 Ledbury Road
London W11 2AD
020 7727 1121
Granary Building 1 Granary Square, London N1C 4AA, Regno Unito
+44 20 7101 7661
Royal China
24-26 Baker Street, London W1U 7AB
020 7487 4688
15-17 Broadwick St London, Greater London W1F 0DL, Regno Unito
+44 20 7494 8888
Yashin Sushi and Bar
1A Argyll Road Kensington London W8 7DB /
22 Harcourt St London, Greater London W1H 4HH, Regno Unito
+44 20 7723 0666
St. John Restaurant
26 St. John Street London EC1M 4AY
020 3301 8069
Bodega Negra
9 Old Compton St City of Westminster, London W1D, Regno Unito
+44 20 7758 4100
2-5 Hertford Street, Mayfair, London W1J 7RB
The Box Soho
1-12 Walker's Ct, London W1F 0SD, United Kingdom +44 20 7434 4374
The new Baron @ The scotch
13 Masons Yard, Westminster, London SW1
Leighton House
12 Holland Park Rd London, UK W14 8LZ, Regno Unito
+44 20 7602 3316
Soane House
13 Lincoln's Inn Fields London WC2A 3BP, Regno Unito
+44 20 7405 2107
National Portrait Gallery
St.Martin's Pl London WC2H 0HE, Regno Unito
+44 20 7306 0055
Tate Britain
Millbank London SW1P 4RG, Regno Unito
+44 20 7887 8888
Hayward Gallery
Southbank Centre Belvedere Rd, City of London, London, Greater London SE1 8XX, United Kingdom
+44 20 7960 4200
Edel Assanti
272-274 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London, SW1V 1BB
+44 207 828 0660
Gagosian Gallery
17-19 Davies Street
London W1K 3DE
Sadie Coles
69 South Audley Street London W1K 2QZ, Regno Unito
+44 20 7493 8611
Pilar Corrias
54 Eastcastle St London, Greater London W1W 8EF, United Kingdom
+44 20 7323 7000
All visual arts
2 Omega Place, Kings Cross, London, N1 9DR |
+44 (0)207 843 0410
Spruth Magers
7A Grafton St London, Greater London W1S 4EJ, United Kingdom
+44 20 7408 1613
White Cube
25 – 26 Mason's Yard London SW1Y 6BU Tel
+44 (0) 207 930 5373
Lisson Gallery
52-54 Bell St London NW1 5DA, United Kingdom
+44 20 7724 2739
Victoria Miro
16 Wharf Rd London, Greater London N1 7RW, United Kingdom
+44 20 7336 8109
Lots Road Auctions
71 Lots Road, Chelsea, London SW10 0RN Tel:
+44 (0)20 7376 6800
Design Museum
28 Shad Thames, London, Greater London SE1 2YD, United Kingdom
+44 20 7403 6933
Franca Sozzani
Stealing Time
Remise en forme
Fall Winter 2017/2018
Successful stories
Fashion shows Make up
Fashion events
Vintage trends
Fashion photography
Fashion shows
Capsule collection
Art photography


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Airbus Group - The sky's not the limit
Free atmosphere
The free atmosphere starts at an altitude of about 1,000 metres. Air motions are less turbulent for aircraft here as the free air is not exposed to the friction of the Earth's surface.
Climbing record
In 2015 Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson made history. After 19 days the climbers finished their quest to be the first to free-climb Dawn Wall, the steepest section of the 915-metre-high rock known as El Capitan at Yosemite National Park, California.
Clean as a butterfly and hums like a bee
CO₂ emissions
in flight
Up to 1 hour Current autonomy:
Weighing 600 kilograms with a cruise speed of 160 km/h, the E-Fan is the first purpose-built, electrically powered trainer aircraft. It is significantly quieter than a conventionally powered aircraft and has zero CO₂ emissions in flight. This 'plug-in plane' is part of Airbus' electric roadmap, which aims at achieving silent, CO₂-free, all-electric flight for both unmanned and passenger aircraft over the next three decades.
Monarch butterflies
In winter Monarch butterflies travel up to 5,000 kilometres from the US and Canada to mountain forests in central Mexico, where they hibernate.
Setting the benchmark for
the most demanding missions
Most kids want to be a fireman or a pilot when they grow up. And I was no different."
Climb records:
3,000 m in 03:10 min
6,000 m in 06:54 min
250 nautical miles
Rescue missions to
more than
From offshore flights to emergency medical and search and rescue missions, the H175 can handle the most demanding operational circumstances and weather conditions. It also became the first entirely new helicopter to receive certification from the European Aviation Safety Agency, rather than a national authority. The H175 exceeds the latest international safety standards, with fully redundant systems and energy-absorbing landing gear and seats.
Most kids want to be a fireman or a pilot when they grow up. And I was no different. Except that I never let go of my dream. I've wanted to be a pilot for as long as I can remember. As a kid, I would look up into the sky whenever there was an airplane overhead and think, 'Wow, I want to do that one day!' It's a goal I've pursued from the very beginning, I've stuck to it – and it's worked out well!
Highly agile and barely detectable –
the Tiger is made to survive
From -30°C
to ISA +35°C
This medium-size, twin-engine, multi-role military helicopter was developed to operate in extreme conditions. The extensive use of composite materials considerably reduces routine maintenance and increases resistance to corrosion. The Tiger has proven its capabilities during operational deployments in Afghanistan, the Central African Republic, Somalia, Libya and Mali.
The standard sport skydiving altitude is about 4,000 metres. From here a skydiver – like Airbus CEO and former parachutist Tom Enders – can enjoy a free-fall at a fall rate of around 185 km/h of up to one minute until he reaches pull altitude.
The first of the next-generation helicopters is already changing the game
There's something fascinating about helicopters. You have to wonder how tonnes of machinery can hover with such apparent ease."
Exterior noise
The H160 is Airbus Helicopters's new generation 5.5 to 6-ton twin-engine helicopter. Incorporating innovative technologies from Airbus Helicopters and its industrial partners, the H160 will be tailored for a wide range of applications, including oil and gas operations, emergency medical services, public service, and business and private aviation. Its service entry is planned for 2018.
There is something fascinating about helicopters. You have to wonder how tonnes of machinery can hover with such apparent ease while delivering such performance".
A330 Multi Role Tanker Transport
The most capable new generation tanker
Fuel flow rate:
4,500 liters/min
Maximum payload:
45 tonnes
A330 Multi Role Tanker Transport
The A330 MRTT can perform three roles (aerial refueling, passengers, cargo) on a single flight, allowing for instance the deployment of a fighter aircraft group over 5,000 km non-stop, while carrying at the same time 20 tons of payload: personnel in the upper deck, cargo in the lower deck. This makes the A330 MRTT a key asset for the rapid self-deployment of any country.
Higher in the Troposphere.
At the top of the world, we're striving
for cleaner and smarter skies
Maximum altitude for climbers
Above 8,000 metres the amount of oxygen is insufficient and the body can no longer adapt and recuperate. That's why mountaineers have to reach the summit of the Himalayan peaks in just a few hours before returning back to their camp below 8,000 metres.
A record-setting helicopter,
the H125 is on top of the world
Landing on Everest was a unique human and technological adventure. Like all adventures, you have to try and make it happen."
Rate of climb:
10 m/s
First touch-down
on Everest
The H125, formerly the Ecureuil AS350 B3e, was the first helicopter to summit Mount Everest, landing on a snowy ridge some 8,850 metres above sea level in 2005. Rescue operations at such altitudes always pose a challenge, but today nearly 1,600 operators confidently navigate some 5,000 Ecureuil family helicopters around the globe, empowered by this performance record. In 2014, an H125 landed on Mexico's highest summit at 5,610 metres.
Landing on Everest was a unique human and technological adventure. Like all adventures, you have to try and make it happen, because you learn very little if you don't explore new flight envelopes."
The largest commercial aircraft is actually the world's quietest, too
World's largest
civil aircraft
Upon completing the A380's first flight, chief test pilot Jacques Rosay said flying the stable craft had been "like handling a bicycle." Over 10 years later, the A380 has become the primary solution to satisfy the growth in demand for air travel. The aircraft has raised the bar for environmental standards. In fact, it generates 50% less noise on departure than comparable aircraft, as well as four times less when landing – all while carrying 60% more passengers.
Average cruising altitude
Commercial aircraft fly at an altitude of about 30,000 feet (10 kilometres) because that's where you'll find the optimal efficiency for engines and wings, balanced by optimal cabin pressure for comfort.
'XWB' doesn't stand for eXcelling Way Better – but it might as well
-25% CO₂ emissions
The A350 XWB (that's eXtra wide body) is the newest member of the Airbus family. Its spacious cabin makes passenger comfort and well-being priority no 1 on long-haul flights, yet all that room doesn't equal bulk. In fact, thanks in part to a 53% composite body and aerodynamic advances, it boasts a 25% step change in fuel efficiency compared to current aluminium long-range competitors. Combining passenger comfort, technological innovation and a unique industrial process, the A350 XWB has the Xtras that make the difference. This is the aircraft for the future, already flying today!
The tropopause is the transition between troposphere and stratosphere. It ranges from 6 to 18 kilometres, just above the weather layer of the atmosphere.
Rüppell's vulture
Rüppell's vulture holds the record for being the highest flying bird, with confirmed evidence of a flight at an altitude of 11,300 metres over the Ivory Coast.
Unbeatable fuel efficiency
The final assembly line is one big family. There's a unity of purpose, and we are attached to those aircraft."
20%Fuel burn
The NEO (new engine option) is the latest development in the A320's long career of continuous evolution, embodying Airbus' philosophy of incremental innovation. Indeed, the A320neo Family is reaching new heights, with increased fuel-burn savings per seat, further improved to 20% by 2020.
For Marion Chaine, aeronautics is a family affair. Her grandmother assembled Allied fighters during World War II, while her father and grandfather worked in aviation research. "My career choice was sealed from an early age," she says. A qualified production engineer, Chaine is responsible for delivering Toulouse-assembled A320neos on time, cost and quality.
Contrails arise when water vapor condenses and freezes around small particles that exist in aircraft exhaust. They usually form above 8.000 meters at temperatures below - 36.5° Celsius.
The A400M airlifter delivers directly to the point of need
Maximum payload
up to 37 tonnes
Carries up to
116 personnel
Up to 8,900 km Flies distances
The A400M airlifter is the world's most advanced military transport aircraft. It excels at tactical missions directly to the point of need, long-range strategic or logistical missions, and also serves as an air-to-air refuelling "tanker". Thus, it's able to fulfil the varied requirements of any nation in terms of military, humanitarian and civic missions for the benefit of society.
Welcome to the Stratosphere.
This far above the earth, our mission
goal is to improve life below
The stratosphere is the second major layer of the atmosphere from about 12 to 50 kilometres. In this zone, temperatures rise with increasing altitude.
Weather Balloon
Measuring the weather conditions: high-altitude balloons are usually filled with helium or hydrogen and can reach a maximum height of 37 kilometres.
Eurofighter Typhoon
The most powerful and reliable swing-role fighter becomes even more dynamic
Max. Speed:
2,495 km/h
horsepower jet
Eurofighter Typhoon
Eurofighter Typhoon fighter jets protect the skies over Europe, the Middle East and numerous operations around the world. They're on Quick Reaction Alert duty 24/7, and they've become the backbone of Air Forces in the UK, Germany, Italy, Spain, Austria and Saudi Arabia. The Sultanate of Oman and Kuwait have ordered Eurofighter Typhoon and will be operational within their Air Forces in the near future. When the chips are down, air chiefs choose the Typhoon for its versatility, reliability, resiliency and cost-effectiveness.
Ozone Layer
Although the ozone concentration is rather small, this layer of the stratosphere is important to life because it absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
You'll see more from this solar-powered pseudo-satellite that flies above the weather
World record for longest flight duration
without refuelling for a UAV: 14 days
Cruise speed:
30 knots (55.5 km/h)
The Zephyr is a High Altitude Pseudo-Satellite (HAPS). Running exclusively on solar power and flying at high altitudes above the weather and conventional air traffic, it fills a capability gap between satellites and UAVs. It looks like a glider and, being solar powered, offers airborne coverage of a defined area for future medium- and long-term missions.
Airbus Perlan Mission II
Surfing stratospheric mountain waves to take gliding to new heights
We're charting unknown territory — that's every scientist's dream."
Flight speed:
648 km/h
27,432 metres
25.6 metres
Perlan II
The Airbus Perlan II Mission is a purpose-built glider aiming to surf a wave of air up into the stratosphere in 2016. It will fly in a near vacuum with air density less than 2% of that at sea level, using a pressurised cabin – up until now unnecessary in gliding. It's equipped with the life support systems of a spaceship, and has a modular bay for scientific instrumentation, which will collect data from uncharted levels of the Earth's atmosphere.
We're going to have multiple masters and PhD students writing their meteorological, aviation and aeronautical engineering theses on this project. The Perlan Mission's longevity is extended thanks to their research of those shaping aerospace's future."
Future hypersonic aircraft
A high-speed craft like this would turn Paris-to-Tokyo into a 2.5-hour commute
Mach 5
Imagine a commercial aircraft that could fly from Paris to Tokyo in less than 2.5 hours with a minimal impact on the environment. The Zero Emissions High-speed Transport (ZEHST) concept, which is Airbus' contribution to the joint European-Japanese HIKARI hypersonic aircraft project, aims to connect cities around the globe by 2050.
Ariane 6
This state-of-the-art space launcher has a very bright future
Can launch
up to 10 tonnes
Ariane 6
The Ariane 6 will be the next addition to Airbus' space launcher family, dispatching satellites up to 5 or 10 tonnes into geostationary orbit. Its maiden flight is planned for 2020, and meanwhile, a joint venture with Safran is making the programme even more competitive with some very smart innovations.
The mesosphere is mysterious, as jets and weather balloons can't fly up here to collect data. This is where most meteors meet their fiery end, ironically in the coldest part of Earth's atmosphere, around -90°C at its highest point.
Auroras are caused by charged particles – mainly electrons and protons – entering the atmosphere from above, causing ionisation and excitation of atmospheric constituents and consequent optical emissions.
Jumping off the edge of space
Since October 24, 2014 Alan Eustace holds the world record for the highest-altitude free fall jump
Outer space
Welcome to Outer Space.
Where we challenge the limits
of scientific exploration
Kármán line
The Kármán line is the "boundary" of outer space, defined by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale as 100 kilometres (62 miles) above the Earth's surface.
Automated Transfer Vehicle - ATV
On 15 July 2014 the ATV-5 became the last European space freighter to set off for the International Space Station. The success of the uniquely complex ATV programme has led to European industry, for the first time, providing system-critical elements for an American human spaceflight mission. Airbus Defence and Space is now developing the service module for the American 'Orion-MPCV' spacecraft, under contract to the European Space Agency.
ISS Columbus Laboratory
A weightless laboratory delivers out-of-this-world experiments
Able to automatically dock
with the ISS at 28,000 km/h
ISS – Columbus laboratory
Built on behalf of the European Space Agency, the Columbus laboratory on the International Space Station enables scientists to conduct research on human physiology, extra-terrestrial life forms, Earth's atmosphere and nanomaterials – to name just a few. The first permanent European research facility in space, Columbus offers European scientists full access to a weightless environment that simply can't be duplicated on Earth.
Geostationary orbit
A geostationary orbit is a circular orbit 35,786 kilometres above the Earth's equator and following the direction of the Earth's rotation. This is prime real estate for communications and weather satellites, because the satellite antennas that communicate with them on Earth don't have to rotate to track them.
Eurostar E3000e
Setting the pace for future satellites, let's get into orbit with electric propulsion
39 Eurostar
10 in production
Eurostar E3000e: -40% launch mass
compared to chemical propulsion satellites
Eurostar E3000e
Engineers at Airbus Defence and Space are pioneering the use of all-electric propulsion for large satellites to provide operators with ever more efficient solutions. Based on Airbus DS Eurostar platform for telecommunication satellites, the newest E3000e version uses mass-saving electric propulsion for all in-orbit manoeuvres. This means satellites can be launched at lower cost and there is more space available to add additional capabilities.
From 36,500 km to 1.5 million km.
Fasten your seatbelts
Gaia, a billion-star surveyor, is our galaxy's new cartographer
A billion-pixel space camera
Potential to detect more than
250,000 new objects in our
solar system
Though Gaia carries a billion-pixel camera as it orbits the sun, its mission for the European Space Agency isn't to take a selfie of the universe; in fact, it's creating a huge, highly accurate 3D map of our galaxy, providing insights into the formation and evolution of the Milky Way. Along the way, it'll discover hundreds of thousands of new celestial objects, and, fascinatingly, can also test general relativity and map the distribution of galactic dark-matter.
The Red Planet is a primary target for the search for signs of life in our solar system. If life ever existed here, it probably did when Mars was moist and warm. Conditions might have been similar to those when microbes gained a foothold on the young Earth.
ExoMars Rover
Searching the Red Planet's surface
If engineers make things that go into space, that sounds like a pretty cool thing to do."
up to 70 metres a day Autonomously navigates
in 2019
300 kilogrammes Weight:
ExoMars Rover
Europe's first Mars rovers are currently being put through their paces at Airbus' revamped 'Mars yard' UK test site. Here, engineers are developing sophisticated navigation systems to 'teach' the ExoMars rovers how to drive autonomously across the Red Planet. Once they land in 2019 as part of ESA's ExoMars mission, these resourceful rovers can roam on their own, collecting and analysing surface samples and searching for traces of life.
When I was a teenager, I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life. But then I saw the Airbus Mars Express mission on the news, and I thought: if engineers make things that go into space, that sounds like a pretty cool thing to do."
The Chosen One
Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is a small object barely four kilometres in diameter moving at 135,000 km/h beyond the orbit of Jupiter. The landing of Rosetta's Philae probe on its surface was a milestone in deciphering the origins of the solar system.
Chasing a comet – and the origins of life
It was a journey into the unknown, nobody knew what the comet's surface was like."
Travelled over
6.4 billion km
The first spacecraft to deliver
a lander to the surface of a comet
After a decade-long voyage into deep space, the Rosetta spacecraft orbitted comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for over 21 months. Rosetta's Philae probe landed on the surface of the comet on 12 November 2014, and both collected data – Philae from the surface and Rosetta through its debris. On 30 September 2016, Rosetta descended to the surface of the comet in a controlled impact. The mission findings could reveal more about the origins of the solar system, such as the possible role of comets and asteroids in delivering water to our planet in its early history.
When they explained the nature of the mission to me, I thought to myself, 'It's a journey into the unknown, nobody knows what the comet's surface is like.' It was an incredible challenge across almost all disciplines.
A pale blue dot
"The Earth is a very small stage in a vast cosmic arena" © Carl Sagan
On February 4, 1990, NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft took a picture of planet Earth from a distance of almost 6.5 billion km, the farthest image of Earth ever taken.
Thanks for flying with us
We hope you enjoyed the trip
Test your aerospace knowledge and share your results!
The sky's not the limit
On 10 July 2015, E-Fan became the first twin-engine electric plane taking off under its own power to negotiate the English Channel. Which aviation pioneer was the first to make this intrepid journey more than 100 years ago?
1-4 answers correct, you're a Rookie
You've started at the bottom but can work your way up – the sky's not the limit!


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Alfred Raymond
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Summary of qualifications
May 2000 - Present WWF-Malaysia
Project Manager (AREAS), Borneo Programme
=> Asian Rhino and Elephant Action Strategy (AREAS) – a conservation program on elephants and rhinos that is being implemented in Sabah (North Borneo), Malaysia.
2002-2006 Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia.
Ph.D Candidate (Biology Conservation Programme)
(In Progress- Writing up (Large Mammal) Elephant Habitat Assessment & Modeling in Central Forest of Sabah)
1999 - 2000 Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Master in Environmental Management (GIS in Impact Assessment)
=> First Division
1995 - 1997 Universiti Of East London, England
B.Sc (Hons) in Surveying & Mapping Science
Courses Attended
=> Second Upper Division
Oct 2000 – Human and Elephant Conflict Management – India
Nov 2002 – Rhino Protection Unit Training & Management – Bogor, Jakarta, Indonesia.
March 2003 – Forest Canopy Density Technical Management – Jakarta (organized by JOFCA)
Oct 2004 – Elephant Management - Satellite Tracking Training in Kenya, Africa
Professional experience
Area of Interest - GIS development, Remote Sensing Application Techniques and Spatial Modeling especially for Forest Management and Habitat Modeling including real-time tracking using Global Positioning System software.
Master Thesis: Application of GIS and Remote Sensing in Environmental Management and Impact Assessment in Sabah
Bachelor Thesis: The Impact of Land Development Policies on the Natives in Sabah.
Forest and Wilddife Monitoring and Management using Mapping Techniques
· P. Fernando, T.N.C. Vidya, J. Payne, M. Stuewe, G. Davison, R.J.Alfred, P. Andau, E. Bosi, A. Kilbourn and D.J. Melnick (October 2003). DNA Analysis Indicates That Asian Elephants Are Native To Borneo And Are Therefore A High Priority For Conservation, PLOS Biology, Public Library of Science, Volume 1, Issue 1.
· Alfred R.J. (2002) "Summary Report on the Status & Distribution of Asian Elephant in Sabah – based previous AREAS Surveys and SWD Reports". WWF Malaysia".
· Alfred R.J. (June 2002) "Report on Elephant, Rhinoceros and Orang Utan Survey in the Interior Forest of Sabah (Kuamut FR, Ulu Segama and Malua FR, Northen of Sapulut FR, Ulu Sungai Napagon FR area, Tangkulp FR and Pinangah FR". WWF Malaysia".
· Alfred R.J. (April 2002) "Report On Aerial Survey On The Tabin Wildlife Reserve To Assess Potential Illegal Logging Area".
· H.M. Ibrahim, F.M. Yusoff, T. Noro, S. Sugiyama and Alfred R.J. (April 1999) "An Integrated and Multi-disciplinary Research and Development Centre for the Straits of Malacca." International
Geographical Information System Application Related Issues
· Kenjie H, Alfred R.J. and Sion K (2003) "Manual for GIS and Remote Sensing Development for Crocker Range National Park" BBEC Programme
· Alfred R.J. Alfred R. Barukang L. (2002) "Design and Implementation of Local Wildlife Tracking System based on Artificial Intelligent (AI) and Geographical Information System (GIS)." – The International Conference On Artificial Intelligence in Engineering & Technology, 17-18 June 2002, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.
· J.A. Raymond (April 2001) "Geographical Information System as a Tool for Land use and Wildlife Management in the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary." 3-Days workshop of the Lower Kinabatangan Management Plan Theme: Towards Quality Conservation Programmes for the LKWS. Forest Research Centre, Sepilok, Sandakan.
· H.M. Ibrahim, Alfred R.J. & Shattri Mansor (March 1999) "Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Fish Forecasting in South East China Sea". Second Malaysian Remote Sensing & GIS Conference. 16-18 March, University Technology MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Remote Sensing Application Related Issues
· Raymond J. Alfred, Perpertua G. George, Ricky Alisky Martin, Diana Anthony, and Rosila Anthony (July 2003) " Landscape Assessment and Modeling of Deramakot Forest Reserve".
· Raymond J. Alfred* & Rosila Anthony (July 2003) "Satellite Imaging of Forest Canopies in Deramakot Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia".
· Raymond J. Alfred & Diana Anthony (Oct 2003) "Assessment and Modeling of Elephant Habitat in the Central Forest Of Sabah. "International Symposium and Exhibition on Geoinformation 2003. , 13th & 14th October, 2003, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Other Information
STATUS : Married


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Expectations of increased export revenues in face of challenging domestic outlook
TORONTO - September 8, 2014 - Over one third of small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) in Canada (35%) expect to increase export revenues in the next year, according to a new survey from Western Union Business Solutions, a leader in global payment services. The study also revealed that 49% of Canadian SMBs are not confident in the nation's economic climate; 45% of companies believe the economy has deteriorated in the last 12 months, with cash flow and funding challenges impacting overall business confidence.
The study, which surveyed over 2,000 Canadian SMBs engaged in international trade, revealed that:
Half of SMBs (49%) do not expect to see domestic growth over the coming year, while one third (33%) plan on reducing headcount. However, only one in five (19%) of respondents expect a decline in growth in the international trade aspect of their business, with the majority (66%) expecting it to remain steady. 15% expect their international trade to grow.
"The economic environment remains uncertain, particularly for small and medium-sized businesses," said Jonathan Rees, North American Managing Director, Western Union Business Solutions. "Cash flow and funding challenges continue to put pressure on profit margins while fragile domestic demand is weighing on overall confidence."
"However, it is encouraging to see that SMBs are moderately confident about international trade conditions, with some even expecting to see revenue growth from exports."
International trade growth
Respondents trade on average with 1-2 countries and nearly one fourth (23%) said that they had increased the number of countries they trade with in the past year. 35% said they expect to see export revenues to increase by 6% in the coming year, far outstripping domestic growth forecasts.
The major export partners for Canadian SMBs are:
On the import side, the largest partners are China (39%), the U.S. (32%), other parts of Asia (30%), Europe (26%) and Australasia (24%).
"Canadian SMBs are increasingly looking abroad for growth opportunities," commented Rees. "In fact, more than half (59%) believe that emerging markets and "BRIC" countries will drive their business' export trade in the future."
As Canadian SMBs increase their international trade activity, they become more exposed to foreign exchange fluctuations; 42% stated that FX movements have negatively affected their business over the past financial year. However, only about 4% of companies surveyed report currency volatility as a top concern, demonstrating a gap in preparedness. This comment is supported by the fact that 73% of businesses do not fix the cost of their foreign invoices in advance and therefore only realise their true value when the payment is due or after it is made.
"Without proper cash flow strategies in place, the costs of foreign payables often run higher than planned," remarked Rees. "It is concerning to note that 30% of Canadian small businesses actually borrow money or dip into their reserves if foreign invoices run higher than expected, putting undue pressure on cash flow at a time when funding and credit availability is already difficult."
"Companies can look to solve this problem by fixing their international cash flow in advance and securing a hedge credit facility to cover foreign invoices, which is a far better option than eating into business reserves," he said.
# # #
Survey Methodology
The independent research was conducted by East & Partners in June 2014 and surveyed the international trade and foreign exchange practices of 2,207 Canadian companies engaged in cross-border trade. The report categorized businesses based on an annual enterprise turnover of up to CAD$100 million; nearly half (48%) of the participants surveyed are business owner or CEOs, while the others are CFOs, finance directors, or treasurers. Participating companies hailed from a variety of industry sectors, including property and business services (17%), construction (11%), retail (10%), wholesale (7%), and accommodation and restaurants (7%). More than 40% of survey respondents are from businesses based in Montreal and other areas of Quebec (23%), or Ottawa and locations in Ontario (22%). The margin of error associated with this level of reporting is +/- 2.0% at a 95% confidence level.
About Western Union Business Solutions
Western Union Business Solutions enables companies of all sizes to send and receive international j payments and manage global cash flow, creating unique solutions tailored to suit their individual needs. It is a business unit of the Western Union Company (NYSE: WU), a leading nonbank provider of cross border payments, which operates its Business Solutions services through locally licensed affiliates in over 30 countries. Clients are supported by a network of trading offices, strategic banking relationships and a global clearing network and can send cross-border foreign exchange payments in more than 135 currencies.
About Western Union
The Western Union Company (NYSE: WU) is a leader in global payment services. Together with its Vigo, Orlandi Valuta, Pago Facil and Western Union Business Solutions branded payment services, Western Union provides consumers and businesses with fast, reliable and convenient ways to send and receive money around the world, to send payments and to purchase money orders. As of June 30, 2014, the Western Union, Vigo and Orlandi Valuta branded services were offered through a combined network of over 500,000 agent locations in 200 countries and territories and over 100,000 ATMs. In 2013, The Western Union Company completed 242 million consumer-to-consumer transactions worldwide, moving $82 billion of principal between consumers, and 459 million business payments. For more information, visit www.WesternUnion.com
Category: Media Coverage
With a focus on payment services, Western Union Business Solutions enables businesses of all sizes to send funds internationally through our global payment solutions.
See our available FX payment services


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Nollaig Murphy
Nollaig is head of the Finance Group and co-head of the Restructuring Group in Maples and Calder's Dublin office. He is also a member of the Dublin office Management Committee. Nollaig specialises in banking and capital markets, in particular restructuring and distressed sales, structured and leveraged finance, and hybrid capital markets.
Professional Background
Nollaig joined Maples and Calder in 2008. Previously, he was a senior partner with a large Irish corporate law firm. Nollaig spent a number of years in London at Clifford Chance and Merrill Lynch.
Nollaig has been listed in IFLR's guides to the World's Leading Capital Markets Lawyers and World's Leading Banking, Finance and Transactional Lawyers. He has also been highly recommended in Chambers Europe, Chambers Global, Legal 500 and Who's Who Legal.
Nollaig is a graduate of Trinity College Dublin.
2014: Finance Dublin - Loans and Financing: SME Sector; Finance Dublin - Debt Capital Markets: ABS Deal of the Year
2013: Acquisition International - M&A Awards – Structured Finance Firm of the Year: Ireland; Global Finance Today - Banking & Investment Awards: Ireland; M&A Today - Law Firm of the Year: Capital Markets; M&A Today - Law Firm of the Year: Aviation
Areas of Expertise
We are an entrepreneurial, innovative firm guided by our core values.


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Excellent POV. Great photo Marzena!
You are here
Looking 200ft up in the atrium of Tokyo International Forum, cultural center with most of the walls and ceiling made of glass.
Camera: Canon EOS 7D
lens: Sigma 10-20mm at 10mm
exposure: 8.0 sec at f?11
(5 votes)
Tokyo International Forum
By Marzena Grabczynska Posted: Oct 30, 2013
Views: 281
Dimensions: 1500x2250
Size: 3852kb
Filed Under:
Tokyo International Forum
Submitted by Joseph.Bologna on October 31, 2013 - 1:11pm
Very impressive image. Nicely done!


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If Only You Knew DrawChat
To RATE, please download the latest Flash player.
2 Artists contributed to this DrawChat
COMMENTS ON THIS DRAWCHAT (8) - Post a comment
Good lord, that is incredible.
odyssey2001 Jun 11, 2013cool
Alchimiste Jun 08, 2013:(( I want one too!!!!! :(( Who can give me one? :D
RebelArt16 Jun 07, 2013Super pretty!!1
mebun May 23, 2013:D this flower is gorgeous~ very nice
ammona May 22, 2013pretty niceeeeeeee.5hs
beefcake619 May 20, 2013awesome sauce
shio May 20, 2013Great work, guys. Looks amazing.
Pages: 1


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Monday, March 5, 2012
Imaginisce For Page Maps and Becky Fleck Spellbinders Dies (And an I-Top Giveaway)
I was so excited to be asked to work on a layout for Becky Fleck's Pagemaps. Not only was I given a beautiful sketch to work with, but I was asked to incorporate Becky's new Spellbinders for Pagemaps dies in to the layout. It was really a fun project and a great opportunity.
This is the sketch I was given:
And here is my layout!
The layout uses Imaginisce "Animal Crackers" line of papers and embellishments, and also features Becky's Spellbinders Dies for March called "Labels and Tags"
You can find out more about these dies and see other projects for the month of March HERE.
Also, don't forget about my I-Top tool package giveaway.
Just subscribe to my blog and leave a comment here telling me you did so and you'll be entered to win!
A subscriber will be chosen randomly on March 17th! Good luck to you and thank you for your nice comments.
Becky Fleck,
13 comments:
- AnonymousMarch 5, 2012 at 5:08 PM
I subscribed. I'd love to win this tool, it looks like it would be fun. Mal J
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The word enemy will probably almost always be synonymous with the word hater or someone that resist you, or better yet one who is constantly fighting against you.
It is odd for us to view those that hate us, as a benefit to our lives. A big mistake that we stumble upon with our enemies is we become an enemy to them. In doing this we set the stage for a flesh and blood battle, that was suppose to be spiritual, and that will ultimately conclude in failure for us. God�s word informs us that we wrestle or fight not against flesh and blood, but, against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, and against spiritual wickedness in high places (Eph 6:12).
Principalities, powers, rulers, and spiritual wickedness are all spiritual entities (not physical) influencing physical beings (flesh and blood). So, in essence the person or persons that you have labeled as your enemy was and if present are only performers of the influence made on them by one or more of these four evil spirits that are aware of your future greatness.
Now, every enemy that you would encounter in your life time has been strategically engineered and purposely allowed by God to enter your life. Surprise right? The reason for this is two fold: a) God in his awesome wisdom always empowers your enemy with the ability to see in you what you do not see in yourself b) At the same time you are being trained and developed through patience only by means of the challenges that are continually arising against you in order to advance you to the next stage of your life.
I mentioned the phrase patience only, because it is the only tool that you will possess that will assist in the success and purpose of exposing why this is all happening to you. To bring more clarity to this lets look at the definition of the word patience. Patience is defined as: the ability to put up calmly with delay, inconvenience, or annoyance without becoming angry or upset. To further build upon this vital point, let�s look at what the scripture has to say about patience and its necessity to us. The Apostle Paul said, �Knowing this, that the testing of your faith is producing patience. Let patience do her complete work, so that you could become complete lacking nothing� (James 1:3-4).
In order to make sense out of all that I am attempting to convey to you, you have to see all of this from a spiritual perspective. In viewing it from that angle you must come to acknowledge that biblical principles will be the replacement for your physical weapons; such as hate envy, cursing, being spiteful and our favorite one revenge. For the most part even if you don�t read your bible, the general rule is to do the opposite of what your enemy is doing to you (Matt. 6: 27-28)
Another word that is synonymous with the word enemy is the word adversary. This is an interesting word, because one of the definitions of this word is: an opponent. An opponent is one that is on the opposite side of a contest or a war����� mighty God!
The truth is you are literally in a spiritual war or a contest, clearly one that you are not aware of. This war or contest main objectives are to distract, delay, destroy, frustrate, confuse and ultimately annihilate all hope and evidence of the wonderful and carefully planned future that God has already prepared for you.
I mentioned earlier that your enemy has been gifted by God to see in you what you do not see in yourself, which is another indicator that they are not in your life by accident. I am about to show you from a biblical story the evidence of this awesome revelation.
In first Samuel chapter one, we are told of a classic story where there was a man who had two wives one of the wives had children for this man and the other could not. The story goes on to say that when the man would return from his yearly worship he would visit the wife that had kids and gave them abundance in resources, and then he would visit the barren wife and supplied her with resources.
The story surprisingly continues, by saying that the wife, who had the children and clearly got more in resources than the barren wife, became an adversary to her.
Now, before we proceed further with this story isn�t it ironic that for the most part your adversaries or enemies are almost always in a much better position than you? A better job, more money, well connected, good job position, has more favor etc. Now let�s look at it logically, why would someone who exceeds you materially and physically in almost everything become an enemy to you? This just doesn�t make any sense at all�. Right!
Now let�s take a spiritual look at it, could it be that they see someone great, with tremendous potential, and the ability to out do them physically and materially if given the opportunity? The word embellish is defined as making something look greater than what it appears to be, or to improve by adding details to bring about greater beauty. The point I am trying to make here is, it is definitely nothing that you possess materially that has made them your enemy, but it is simply them seeing you greater than you appear to yourself thus, confirming your future potential and greatness, you are embellish when they view you. Consequently, unknowing to you they become provoke through intense jealousy and pool all their resources to oppose you�
The story now continues by confirming my point, God eventually blessed the womb of the barren woman and she brought forth one of Israel�s greatest prophets in the person of Samuel. Also during the period of her adversary taunting and mocking her she prayed more, seek God more, became more committed to her God something she probably would have never done under normal circumstances. So the very area she was being fought in was the very area that God through her enemy was training and developing her to embrace the next level of her life��my God I love this!
Folks! You have to get this, please do not, and I repeat do not become an enemy to your enemy�� this is why Jesus himself said, love those that hate you, and do good to those that do evil to you. All because they are characters playing their role on your stage of life to advance you, YOU NEED YOUR ENEMIES!!!!
Jesus Christ could not be crucified without Judas; King David could not become Israel�s greatest king without Saul. Joseph could not be second in charge of Egypt without his brothers becoming an enemy to him�.. are you getting this folks? Good can not be achieved without the opposition of bad, or else you can not determine what good is. There must be an opposition
Please! Stop fighting your enemies; discontinue the pettiness, being spiteful, bitter, angry, frustrated and the likes. In doing this you are lengthening the process. Your enemies are woven into your future greatness; you can not become that person God wants you to become without the resistance by the assistance of your enemy. In fact the bible commands us to bless them when they curse us��..
Ok! You still don�t seem convinced, so let�s dig a little deeper. Now, remember I have repeatedly mentioned that your enemy�s primary reason for fighting you is that they see the potential for greatness in you; of course they won�t tell you that, nevertheless they do. Even though you are broke! Less educated and the least among your peers they still find the time to harass you.
Remember Joseph? The young man whose brothers sold him into slavery. The bible said that his brothers were jealous of him. My question would be why when they where in a better position than him. Joseph being almost the youngest stood to receive the least of his father�s estate if his father were to die, so again why did they choose to be an adversary to Joseph?
The bible began to tell the story about a few dreams Joseph had. The first dream Joseph said, he dreamt that he and his brothers were binding sheaves in the field, and all of a sudden his sheaf arose, and stood upright; and then his brothers sheaves stood around his sheaf and paid respect or homage to his sheaf, dream ended.
Carefully observe his brothers response to his dream, and his brothers said, �Shall you rule over us? Or shall you have dominion over us? The bible continues by saying they hated him even more.
Joseph never said that he would rule over them, neither did he say he wanted to have dominion over them, however through the dream they saw that Joseph was destine for greatness, to the point that they could not keep the thought to themselves but, their hate for him made them verbally communicate what they really thought of him��.Why are your haters always discussing you???????
So, the scripture has proven that your enemy sees in you what you don�t see in yourself. Make no mistake God himself had orchestrated all of this, because he needed to train and develop Joseph for the future leader and administrator that he would become. To prove to you that this is all God�s doing (Psl:105:17,19-2021) said that He (God) sent Joseph before them (Joseph�s family), who was sold as a servant, until the time that his word came; the word of the lord through his enemies was testing him and developing him for the next level of his life. Then the king then set him loose and made him ruler����.mighty God, man ya�ll getting this?
The second dream that Joseph had he shared with his brothers; he dreamt that the sun and the moon and the eleven stars paid homage to him, this time he also shared it with his father, and the bible said his father rebuked him. The father said what kind of dream is this, shall I your mother and brothers bow ourselves to you?
Joseph father here represents the leader, now replace Joseph in this dream with yourself, and now ask yourself why is it that your boss, your wife, your husband, your co- worker or better yet those who closely exist in your circle has become an overt or covert adversary to you?
Again, Joseph never communicated to these people that he was better than them or wanted to rule over them, yet they knew inwardly that he was destine for greatness. So the natural response of haters when you share parts of your life with them would be to rebuke, belittle or discourage you in an attempt to abort what time is advancing you to.
I know you don�t want to hear what I am about to say next, but it is indeed a fact. Everyone that achieves greatness achieved it by submitting themselves in a hostile environment. Whomever or whatever is opposing you can not do what they are doing to you forever, there is a season assigned to that situation, the situation becomes longer when you become an enemy to the person that�s an enemy to you.
The reality is God has placed them there in your life purposely; there is absolutely no other way you can become that world changer without evil always opposing you. That relationship that you�re in that seem like some x-box game and feel as if its never going to end with the shouting, yelling, cursing is only enduring this long because you won�t submit. The lesson is in your submission.
Stop asking the person or environment to change; it will not happen the change begins with you. So in conclusion the general law that governs everything that I have said to you thus far is found in Romans 7:21 and it reads: I find then a LAW, that whenever I would do good evil is present with me, evil has a legal right to resist you in your efforts to pursue good or greatness, so get over it already.
By: Kevin L A Ewing
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Hair By Andrea Mobile
Hair Stylist
Natalia RussuModel Female Nyack, New York, US
My Website:
Design by Natasha
My MM URL:
Mayhem # 1784140
About MeI am a professional dancer. I am originally from Eastern Europe and I came to this country eleven years ago. Since my move, I have fallen in love with the American culture but I am still a Russian at heart. My dream was always to be a famous model and fashion designer. I have done a bit of modeling, and I make and design dance dresses, evening gowns, and regular clothing. I finished art school back in Europe and I have my own gallery. I always try to bring art in fashion and in modeling. I am a very creative person and I cannot live without creating beautiful things and doing beautiful things in my life.I have my own dance studio and show room of dance dresses,also i start doing dance and clouthers for famouse singers,i love to acchive in life my best,i hope this site will bring me a great opportunity to express myself and meet amazing people.CreditsHave you worked with Natalia Russu? Add Credits for Natalia Russu! >>Friends