text:
Publication number | US6130694 A |
Publication type | Grant |
Application number | US 08/648,238 |
Publication date | Oct 10, 2000 |
Filing date | May 13, 1996 |
Priority date | May 13, 1996 |
Fee status | Paid |
Publication number | 08648238, 648238, US 6130694 A, US 6130694A, US-A-6130694, US6130694 A, US6130694A |
Inventors | Christopher C. Beatty |
Original Assignee | Hewlett-Packard Company |
Export Citation | BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan |
Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (22), Classifications (26), Legal Events (8) | |
External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet | |
The present invention relates to a device for precisely controlling fluid pressure within a fluid passageway, including controlling fluid pressure within an ink-jet printhead or gas chromatograph.
An ink-jet printer includes a pen in which small droplets of ink are formed and ejected toward a printing medium. The pen is mounted to a reciprocating carriage in the printer. Such pens include printheads with orifice plates having very small nozzles through which ink droplets are ejected. Adjacent to the nozzles are ink chambers where ink is stored prior to ejection. Ink is delivered to the ink chambers through ink channels that are in fluid communication with an ink supply. The ink supply may be, for example, contained in a reservoir section of the pen or supplied to the pen from a remote site.
Ejection of an ink droplet through a nozzle may be accomplished by quickly heating a volume of ink within the adjacent ink chamber. The thermal process causes ink within the chamber to superheat and form a vapor bubble. Formation of a thermal ink-jet vapor bubble is known as "nucleation." The rapid expansion of ink vapor forces a drop of ink through the orifice. This process is called "firing." Ink in the chamber may be heated, for example, with a resistor that is responsive to a control signal. The resistor is aligned adjacent the nozzle.
Ink-jet printers are affected by fluid pressure changes within the printer system. An undesirably high fluid pressure may cause ink to flow uncontrollably to the printhead, subsequently forcing ink through the nozzles. Ink leakage through the printhead nozzles is known as drooling.
Irrespective of whether there is a substantial increase in fluid pressure within the printer, it is desirable to establish a slight back pressure within the system. The presence of a back pressure ensures ink is expelled only when the printhead is activated (i.e., when ink is fired). As used herein, the term "back pressure" means a partial vacuum within the printhead. Back pressure is considered in the positive sense, so that an increase in back pressure represents an increase in the partial vacuum. Accordingly, the back pressure is measured in positive terms, such as water column height.
Although previous ink-jet pens have incorporated a pressure regulator on the pen, these regulators were large and heavy causing a decrease in print speed. Thus, conventional ink-jet pens are sometimes regulated with an off-axis regulator. That is, inkjet pen regulators are located at a site remote of the reciprocating carriage to which the pen is mounted.
The present invention provides a system for controlling fluid pressure within an ink-jet printhead. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, fluid pressure within the printhead is controlled by a regulator assembly affixed to or integral with a printhead of an ink-jet pen.
The regulator assembly is connected to an ink channel defined by the printhead, the regulator assembly being interposed between an ink supply and an ink firing chamber.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a regulator assembly comprises an ink delivery chamber with an ink inlet in fluid communication with an ink supply and an ink control chamber having an ink outlet in fluid communication with the ink firing chambers.
The regulator assembly is activated by fluid pressure changes within the printhead or ambient pressure. The regulator assembly operates to maintain the amount of back pressure below a level that would otherwise cause the printhead to fail and above a level that would cause the printhead to drool. The regulator is relatively small and light, such that the regulator may be incorporated within the ink-jet pen without reducing print speed. Additionally, locating the small regulator within the printhead of the pen provides a relatively quick response to pressure changes in the pen with a high volumetric efficiency.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention may be micromachined, providing low cost, wafer-based batch processing, repeatability and a relatively light and small fluid pressure regulator device that is readily affixed to an ink-jet pen.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an ink-jet printer pen that includes a preferred embodiment of the printhead regulator assembly.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, cross-sectional, partial view of a printhead that includes a preferred embodiment of the regulator assembly.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged, cross-sectional view of the regulator assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 4a-d depict the sequence of steps for fabricating the regulator assembly of FIG. 2.
FIGS. 5a-e depict an alternative fabrication process for manufacturing the regulator assembly of FIG. 2.
FIGS. 6a-d depict the sequence of steps for fabricating the regulator assembly of FIG. 3.
Referring to FIG. 1, the regulator assembly of the present invention is incorporated within an ink-jet printer pen 10. The pen includes a pen body 12 defining a reservoir 24. The reservoir 24 is configured to hold a quantity of ink. A printhead 20 is fit into the bottom 14 of the pen body 12 and controlled for ejecting ink droplets from the reservoir 24. The printhead 20 defines a set of nozzles 22 for expelling ink, in a controlled pattern, during printing. Each nozzle 22 is in fluid communication with a firing chamber 32 defined in the base of printhead 20 (FIG. 2).
A supply conduit (not shown) conducts ink from the reservoir 24 to ink channels 28a and 28b, defined by the printhead. The ink channels are configured so that ink moving therethrough is in fluid communication with each firing chamber 32 (FIG. 2).
Each firing chamber 32 has associated with it a thin-film resistor 34 (FIG. 2). The resistors 34 are selectively driven (heated) by current applied by an external microprocessor and associated drivers. Conductive drive lines to each resistor 34 are carried upon a flexible circuit 26 mounted to the exterior of the pen body 12 (FIG. 1). Circuit contact pads 18 (shown enlarged for illustration) at the ends of the resistor drive lines engage similar pads carried on a matching circuit attached to the carriage (not shown).
Regulator assembly 36 is affixed to printhead 20 of ink-jet pen 10 (FIG. 2). More particularly, regulator assembly 36 is connected to the printhead ink channels 28a and 28b. The regulator assembly 36 is located between an ink supply and the firing chambers 32.
The ink channels define an upstream and downstream ink flow path, respectively, relative to the regulator assembly. The ink channels comprise a continuous pathway for ink flowing from an ink supply to the firing chamber. More particularly, an ink supply within the pen reservoir 24, or at a site remote of the pen 10, is in fluid communication with ink channel 28a.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the regulator assembly 36 generally comprises a bottom plate 39, a spacer wall 42 and a partition plate 48, together defining an ink delivery chamber 50 having an ink inlet 56 (FIG. 2). Regulator assembly 36 further includes a deformable diaphragm 44 having a scaling member, preferably in the form of an integrally connected T-shaped plunger member 55 that extends into the ink delivery chamber 50. The plunger member 55 may comprise a shaft 54 having a flanged end 74. The shaft 54 would extend through an ink passageway 58 formed in partition plate 48. The diaphragm 44, spacer wall 42, and partition plate 48 define an ink control chamber 60 having an ink outlet 64.
Bottom plate 39 forms a lower surface of ink delivery chamber 50 (FIG. 2). Spacer wall 42, includes a first or lower portion 42a and a second or upper portion 42b. The wall 42 is affixed to the periphery of a flat substrate 38 and extends substantially perpendicular to the substrate. Substrate 38 is affixed to bottom plate 39. Spacer wall 42 defines the side walls of the ink delivery chamber 50 and the side walls of the ink control chamber 60.
It will be appreciated that regulator assembly 36 may be oriented in an ink-jet printer in a variety of positions. Thus, for example, although bottom plate 39 is described as defining a lower surface of ink delivery chamber 50, that plate may effectively define an upper surface, depending upon the orientation of the ink-jet pen printhead.
In a preferred embodiment, partition plate 48 joins the spacer wall 42 at about the midpoint thereof, and extends across the length of the ink delivery chamber 50. Partition plate 48 extends substantially parallel to substrate 38 and perpendicular to spacer wall 42, thereby defining both the upper surface of ink delivery chamber 50 and the lower surface of the ink control chamber 60.
A narrow ink passageway 58 is formed through partition plate 48 at about the midpoint thereof. Ink may flow from ink delivery chamber 50, through ink passageway 58 and into ink control chamber 60.
The resiliently deformable membrane 44 covers the ink control chamber 60 and is affixed to upper spacer wall 42b. Deformable membrane 44 is positioned substantially parallel with partition plate 48 and perpendicular to spacer wall 42. The outermost portion of deformable membrane 44 is attached to the spacer wall 42 such that partition plate 48, spacer wall 42b and deformable membrane 44 define the ink control chamber 60.
The T-shaped plunger member 55 is integrally connected to the deformable diaphragm 44 at the upper end 54b of the plunger member shaft 54. The junction between the first or upper end 54b of shaft 54 and the deformable diaphragm 44 is aligned directly above ink passageway 58 (FIG. 2). The shaft 54 preferably extends substantially perpendicular to diaphragm 44. A second or lower end 54a of plunger member shaft 54 extends through ink passageway 58 to terminate within ink delivery chamber 50.
The end 74 of plunger member 55 is integrally formed at the second end 54a of shaft 54. End 74 is preferably perpendicular to shaft 54 and extends substantially parallel with partition plate 48. It will be appreciated that end 74 is at least slightly larger than the ink passageway 58 so that ink flow is effectively reduced as end 74 is brought into contact with partition plate 48 as explained below.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, ink flows through ink channel 28a, ink inlet 56 and into ink delivery chamber 50. When plunger member 55 is in an open position (FIG. 2), ink flows from the ink delivery chamber 50, through passageway 58, into the ink control chamber 60. From the control chamber 60, ink flows through ink outlet 64, into ink channel 28b and to the ink firing chambers 32.
Ink flows through the printhead due to capillary forces present within the channel 28b, but may also flow due to other forces such as, for example, gravitational force or pressure from a pressurized ink supply.
Regulator assembly 36 passively regulates the fluid ink pressure within the printhead 20, such that a preselected, slightly positive back pressure is maintained. Regulation of the back pressure is effectuated by response of the deformable diaphragm 44 to fluid pressure changes within the ink control chamber 60.
More specifically, as fluid pressure within ink control chamber 60 increases, diaphragm 44 is deformed in a direction away from partition plate 48. As the diaphragm is deformed upwardly, end 74 of the plunger member 55 is moved toward partition plate 48. As end 74 approaches partition plate 48, ink flow from ink delivery chamber 50 to ink control chamber 60 is reduced because the end 74 increasingly blocks the passageway 58.
As ink pressure within ink control chamber 60 increases, the diaphragm continues to deform, moving end 74 toward partition plate 48 until that end 74 and partition plate 48 join to create a seal, thereby preventing passage of ink from the ink delivery chamber 50 into the ink control chamber 60 (i.e., the regulator is in a closed position, as shown in dashed lines in FIG. 2). Consequently, ink flow from ink control chamber 60 through ink outlet 64 to the firing chambers 32 is reduced or terminated.
As ink is ejected from the firing chamber 32, ink flows from ink channel 28b to refill the firing chamber, and the attendant ink flow from control chamber 60 decreases fluid pressure within the control chamber. As fluid pressure within ink control chamber 60 decreases, deformable diaphragm 44 deflects toward partition plate 48. As the diaphragm deflects, end 74 moves in a direction away from partition plate 48 and ink flows freely from ink delivery chamber 50 through ink passageway 58 to control chamber 60 (i.e., the regulator is in an open position).
As ink flows from delivery chamber 50 to control chamber 60, the fluid pressure in the control chamber increases. As fluid pressure increases, the diaphragm 44 is again deformed from the partition plate, as discussed above. The regulator assembly is constructed to respond to pressure changes such that the ink fluid pressure is maintained at a preselected, slightly positive back pressure, relative to ambient pressure, within the channel 28b.
The diaphragm 44 of the regulator assembly 36 also deflects in response to ambient pressure changes to regulate ink flow within control chamber 60 as just described.
The fluid pressure regulation within the printhead by regulator assembly 36 is primarily a function of the geometry of the plunger member 55 relative to the partition plate 48 (i.e., the distance between end 74 and partition plate 48), the volume of ink chambers 50 and 60, and the flexibility of the regulator assembly 36 materials. Particularly, the flexibility of deformable diaphragm 44 plays a primary role in determining the level at which the printhead back pressure will be maintained.
The thickness and rigidity of material used for the deformable diaphragm 44 determine its flexibility. A more rigid diaphragm requires a greater pressure change to effect a change in position of the diaphragm and subsequently increase or decrease the ink flow from the ink delivery chamber 50 to the control chamber 60.
Although regulator assembly 36 has been described for use within an ink-jet printer, the regulator assembly may be used in a variety of areas of industry and engineering for precise pressure control of both liquids and gases. For example, such a regulator may be used to control the flow of carrier and detector gases in gas chromatography instrumentation where constant fluid pressure is essential to the operation of the instrument.
A preferred embodiment and fabrication process for the regulator assembly 36 generally provides a plated metallic regulator assembly.
Referring to FIGS. 4a-4d, a fabrication process is provided for the preferred embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2. A substrate 38 comprises a conventional IC (integrated circuit) silicon wafer. The substrate is uniformly coated with a silicon nitride layer 86, preferably about 800 Å to 1 mm in thickness. The silicon nitride layer 86 is applied using conventional LPCVD (low pressure chemical vapor deposition) techniques.
On a front side 84 of substrate 38, a thin bonding layer 88, preferably comprising copper or titanium, is deposited by conventional sputtering processes. Thin layer 88 functions as a bonding layer between the silicon nitride layer 86 and the later deposited, lower spacer wall 42b and plunger member end 74. Layer 88 also provides a "seed" layer for the metal plating process following. Bonding layer 88 is, preferably, about 1000 Å in thickness.
Following deposition of bonding layer 88, a photoresist layer 92 is deposited and patterned to define lower spacer wall 42a and plunger member end 74. In a preferred embodiment, both lower spacer wall 42a and end 74 comprise nickel, deposited by conventional electroforming or electroplating techniques but may also comprise gold, iron, or any other electrodeposited material.
An opening 80 is patterned on the backside 82 of substrate 38 (FIG. 4a). Preferably, opening 80 is about 1 mm in length (designated "W1" in FIG. 4a). A plasma etchant, such as CF4 (carbon tetra fluoride), is used to remove the exposed silicon nitride layer on the backside 82 of substrate 38. A section of the substrate 38 is then exposed by removal of the silicon nitride layer. Remaining photoresist is then removed.
A second layer of photoresist 94 is patterned onto first photoresist layer 92 and onto a portion of end 74, leaving the centermost portion of end 74 exposed (a length of about 50 mm) to define the width of the lower portion 54a of shaft member 54 (FIGS. 4a and 4b). Portion 54a of the shaft is then applied, preferably comprising nickel deposited by conventional electroplating techniques (FIG. 4b). A second uniform, thin layer 96, of about 1000 Å in thickness, is next deposited. Preferably, the second thin layer 96 comprises copper or titanium deposited by sputtering processes. The second thin layer 96 acts as both a bonding or adhesion layer and as a seed layer.
A third layer of photoresist 98 is deposited and patterned to define the partition plate 48 (FIG. 4b) and a continuation of shaft 54 of the plunger member 55 (FIG. 2). The partition plate 48 and shaft 54 preferably comprise nickel deposited by electroplating techniques.
A fourth layer of photoresist 100 is patterned to define what will be ink control chamber 60. On photoresist 100 is deposited deformable membrane 44 (FIGS. 4b and 4c). Photoresist layer 100 does not extend to the perimeter of regulator assembly 36 and does not cover shaft 54 of the plunger member 55. These areas are left exposed to connect the deformable diaphragm 44 to both the shaft 54 of the plunger member 55 and perimeter of partition plate 48.
Deformable diaphragm 44, preferably comprising electroplated or sputter deposited materials, such as nickel, is applied to photoresist layer 100 and shaft 54. In this way, the shaft is integrally connected to the diaphragm 44 (FIG. 4c). The diaphragm is preferably about 1-10 mm in thickness.
The silicon wafer substrate 38 is next anisotropically etched from backside opening 80. Anisotropic etching produces a sloped edge in the silicon substrate 38 (FIG. 4d). The silicon substrate 38 is etched through to the upper silicon nitride layer 86 with KOH, hydrazine or TMAH (tetramethylammonium hydroxide), or other suitable etchants. The exposed portion of the silicon nitride layer 86 is then removed using a plasma etchant such as CF4 or SF6 (FIG. 4d).
Finally, photoresist layers 92, 94, 98, 100 and exposed regions of seed films 88 and 96 are removed (FIG. 4d).
Following removal of the photoresist layers, ink outlet 64 is formed through the upper portion 42b of spacer wall 42 so that ink may flow from ink control chamber 60 to ink channel 28b (best shown in FIG. 2). Ink outlet 64 is preferable formed using conventional sawing techniques. Alternatively, ink outlet 64 may be formed during the fabrication process by patterning such, prior to applying the deformable diaphragm 44 layer. Ink inlet 56 is formed when the regulator assembly is affixed to the printhead. The inlet is an opening between the bottom plate (FIG. 2) and the regulator substrate 38 (FIGS. 2 and 4d).
Regulator assembly 36 of the above described preferred embodiment is then bonded to an ink-jet pen using conventional adhesives. The regulator assembly 36 is affixed to printhead 20 such that ink channels 28a and 28b of the printhead are aligned with ink inlet 56 and ink outlet 64 of the regulator, respectively.
An alternative method of fabricating the preferred embodiment of the regulator assembly of FIG. 2 starts with a conventional silicon wafer. Referring to FIGS. 5a-e, the wafer, also referred to as substrate 138, is coated on both sides with a LPCVD silicon nitride layer 173, preferably, about 800 Å to 1 mm in thickness. A plunger member end 174 is patterned on the front side 184 of substrate 138, by partially covering silicon nitride layer 173 with photoresist layer 186 (FIG. 5a). An opening 180 is also patterned with photoresist on backside 182 of substrate 138. Preferably, opening 180 is about 1 mm in length (depicted as "W2" in FIG. 5a).
A plasma etchant, such as CF4, is used to remove the exposed portion of the silicon nitride layer 173 on the front side 184 of the substrate and to partially remove a significant portion of the exposed silicon nitride layer 173 on the backside 182 of the substrate, such that the backside of substrate 138 remains partially covered with silicon nitride. Photoresist layer 186 is then removed. The portion of layer 173 remaining on the front side 184 becomes the plunger member end 174 (FIG. 5b).
A first sacrificial layer 188, preferably comprising LPCVD or PECVD silicon dioxide, is applied to the front side 184 of substrate 138, uniformly covering plunger member end 174 and the exposed portion of the front side of substrate 138 (FIG. 5b). The first sacrificial layer 188 is preferably about 2 mm in thickness, and defines what will be the ink delivery chamber 50 (FIG. 2). What will become a lower portion 54a of a shaft 54 (FIG. 2) is then patterned through application of photoresist layer 189 and removal of the exposed portion of sacrificial layer 188 (FIG. 5b). Photoresist layer 189 is then removed.
A thin film layer 148, preferably comprising a LPCVD polysilicon about 2 mm in thickness, is uniformly applied to cover sacrificial layer 188 and the exposed portion of plunger member end 174 (FIG. 5c). Layer 148 may also comprise other compounds such as, silicon nitride. Layer 148 forms what will be the partition plate 48 (FIG. 2). Polysilicon layer 148 is patterned and etched, exposing a portion of layer 188 and a portion of end 174 to define ink passageway 158 (FIG. 5d).
A second sacrificial layer 192, preferably LPCVD or PECVD silicon dioxide, is applied uniformly over layer 148 and the exposed portions of layer 188 at a thickness of about 2-10 mm (FIG. 5d). Sacrificial layer 192 is then patterned with photoresist layer 193 and etched to define what will be the shaft 54 (FIG. 2), leaving a portion of end 174 exposed. Photoresist layer 193 is then removed.
Thin layer 144 is deposited conformably over layer 192 and the exposed portion of end 174 (FIG. 5e). Layer 144 (FIG. 5e) forms the deformable diaphragm 44 and the shaft 54 (FIG. 2). Thin layer 144 preferably comprises LPCVD silicon nitride. The radius of shaft 154 is about 10-100 mm.
The remaining silicon nitride layer 173 on the backside 182 of substrate 138 is etched to expose a portion of substrate 138. Substrate 138 is then isotropically etched, preferably, with KOH, hydrazine or TMAH (FIG. 5e). Lastly, the first sacrificial oxide layer 188 and the second sacrificial oxide layer 192 are time-etched. The time-etching leaves the periphery of layers 188 and 192 (FIG. 5e) to form lower spacer wall 42b of the ink delivery chamber 50 and upper spacer wall 42a of the ink control 60, respectively (FIG. 2).
The regulator assembly is then aligned with and preferably bonded to the printhead using a conventional adhesive and as discussed above.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention, illustrated in FIG. 3, is fabricated as depicted in FIGS. 6a-6d. For ease of description, components of the embodiment of FIG. 3 are labeled with the counterpart components of FIG. 2.
The substrate 238 comprises a conventional IC silicon wafer.
The wafer is coated on both the front side 284 and the back side 282 with thin layers 290a and 290b preferably comprising LPCVD silicon nitride. Each layer 290a and 290b are preferably about 1 mm in thickness. Other materials, such as silicon dioxide, deposited by PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) may be used for layers 290a and 290b.
An opening 280 is patterned on the back side 282 of substrate 238 with photoresist layer 283, exposing a portion of silicon nitride layer 290a (depicted as "W3" in FIG. 6a). The front side 284 of substrate 238 is uniformly coated with photoresist layer 285 (FIG. 6a). The exposed portion of silicon nitride layer 290a is etched using a plasma etchant such as CF4, that leaves a portion of substrate 238 exposed. Photoresist layers 283 and 285 are then removed.
On the front side 284 of the substrate 238, a thin layer 294 of LPCVD, PFCVD or spin-on silicon dioxide is deposited uniformly over layer 290b. Preferably, a doped silicon dioxide is used due to its beneficial, rapid etch time.
A thin layer 248, preferably comprising LPCVD polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon), is deposited at a thickness of about 5 mm to form what will be the partition plate 48 (FIG. 3). Alternatively, LPCVD tungsten or silicon nitride thin-film layers may be used for layer 248.
Thin layer 248 is then patterned with photoresist to expose a portion that later will be etched to define opening 258 (FIG. 6b). Opening 258 will operate as the ink passageway 58 between the ink delivery chamber 50 (FIG. 3) to the ink control chamber 60 (FIG. 3) in the completed device. The exposed portion of layer 248 is etched down through sacrificial oxide layer 294, stopping at nitride layer 290b (FIG. 6b).
A second sacrificial oxide layer 273, preferably comprising LPCVD or PECVD silicon dioxide, is deposited, creating a uniform thin-film layer atop polysilicon layer 248. Layer 273 is patterned with sacrificial oxide layer 255 and etched down to layer 290b (FIG. 6c) to define what will be the shaft 54 (FIG. 3). The shaft radius is preferably about 10-100 mm.
A uniform layer 275, preferably comprising PECVD silicon nitride, is deposited over layer 273.
Substrate 238 is then anisotropically etched through opening 280 (FIG. 6c). Silicon substrate 238 is etched to silicon nitride layer 290b with KOH, hydrazine or TMAH or other etchants that do not etch silicon nitride. Silicon nitride layer 290b forms the deformable diaphragm 44 (FIG. 3).
Layer 275 is then patterned and etched to form plunger member end 274 and the end of shaft 254 (FIG. 6d). Oxide layers 294 and 273 are then time-etched, leaving the periphery of the layers to form the upper 42b and lower 42a spacer walls, respectively (FIGS. 6d and 3). The regulator device depicted in FIG. 6d is inverted, and layer 275 is bonded to a printhead in a manner such as the regulator 36 depicted in FIG. 2.
An ink inlet 56 and an ink outlet 64 are formed through spacer walls 42b and 42a, respectively, in the manner described above (FIG. 3).
A gasket 52 may be included on plunger member end 74 (FIG. 3). If flow rates are low (e.g., less than about 0.5 cc/min) or the fluid has a low viscosity, gasket 52 may be necessary to sufficiently occlude ink flow from ink delivery chamber 50 to ink control chamber 60.
Fabrication of this gasketed embodiment is identical to the fabrication process described directly above (depicted in FIGS. 6a-d), with the following additional steps. After layer 273 is deposited, a gasket 52 is patterned with photoresist and then deposited. The gasket 52 preferably comprises polyimide applied using conventional spin-on techniques. Gasket 52 is preferably, approximately 10-30 mm in width.
The plunger member is then patterned with photoresist and deposited as discussed in the fabrication process described immediately above (FIG. 6d). It is notable that gasket 52, illustrated in FIG. 3, is not drawn to scale. Because the pressure of the ink supply delivered to the regulator acts upon the surface area of the gasket 52, deformable membrane 44 must be significantly wider than the radius of gasket 52. If deformable membrane 44 is not much wider than the radius of gasket 52, the movement of membrane 44 will be in response to the ink supply pressure rather than in response to fluid pressure changes within the ink-jet printhead.
Having described and illustrated the principles of the invention with reference to preferred embodiments, it should be apparent that the invention can be further modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. For example, the regulator assembly may be used to modulate a pressurized ink system.
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U.S. Classification | 347/85 |
International Classification | B41J2/16, B41J2/14 |
Cooperative Classification | B41J2202/05, B41J2/1639, B41J2/14145, B41J2/1628, B41J2/1629, B41J2/1623, B41J2/1643, B41J2/1601, B41J2/1642, B41J2/1646, B41J2/1625, B41J2/1631 |
European Classification | B41J2/16M8C, B41J2/16M7S, B41J2/16M2, B41J2/16B, B41J2/16M8P, B41J2/16M8T, B41J2/16M3D, B41J2/14B6, B41J2/16M3W, B41J2/16M4, B41J2/16M1 |
Date | Code | Event | Description |
Jul 29, 1996 | AS | Assignment | Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, CALIFORNIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BEATTY, CHRISTOPHER C.;REEL/FRAME:008068/0887 Effective date: 19960513 |
Jan 16, 2001 | AS | Assignment | Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY, COLORADO Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:011523/0469 Effective date: 19980520 |
Feb 11, 2003 | CC | Certificate of correction | |
Apr 12, 2004 | FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment: 4 |
Apr 10, 2008 | FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment: 8 |
Apr 21, 2008 | REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | |
Sep 22, 2011 | AS | Assignment | Owner name: HEWLETT-PACKARD DEVELOPMENT COMPANY, L.P., TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:026945/0699 Effective date: 20030131 |
Apr 10, 2012 | FPAY | Fee payment | Year of fee payment: 12 |


text:
6" Christmas Traditions Artificial Decorative Berry Candle Ring Wreath
Supplier Details
Verified Supplier (2016)
[ Buffalo, New York, United States ]
Business Type: Manufacturer, Wholesaler, Dropshipper
Supplier has 15,321 products
Product Description
From the Christmas Traditions Collection Item #XBZ084-RE This candle ring features an abundance of lush artificial berries surrounding a realistic plastic branch ring base Please note: this candle ring does not include a candle Dimensions: 4 inches high x 6 inch diameter (measured from the inner ring) Material(s): foam/plastic
Basic Information
About Us
Northlight is a manufacturing, importing and wholesale division of the family owned and operated Gordon Companies Inc.
Northlight, which has showrooms in Atlanta, GA., and Buffalo, N.Y., offers an extensive variety of seasonal and gift decor - including holiday accessories, patio furniture, lawn and garden necessities, and pool and spa equipment.
Northlight-branded items can be found in boutique retailers across the U.S. As a family-owned company, we have nearly 40 years of retail and wholesale experience. We take pride in offering the highest quality products at the lowest possible prices.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Manufacturing Area
Category: Caps, Hunting/Riding
Fabric: generic camo/solid color 600D Polyester with PVC coating Soft bow case Main storage compartment for putting bows and arrows Front zipper pocket Grab handle for easying carrying intern ...Keyword : bow case | hunting bow case
Category: Fishing and Hunting Equipment
Item specifics bow Type: Recurve bow Type: bow Use: Shooting Model Number: bow-006 Type: Laminated recurve bow Color: brown bow materail: fiberglass and wood bow length: 133cm about 52" String materia ...Keyword : bow
Category: Hunting Supplies
bamboo shafts are made from high quality tonkin bamboo canes. Handmade shafts guarantee top quality and very nice-looking. Keyword : bow and arrows | wood arrows | wholesale archery arrows | wood arrow | archery arrows
Category: Sports Equipment, Archery
The carbon arrow is 30 inches long, 8mm diameter, 340spine, tolerance for straightness is 3/1000, net weight for one arrow is 27.5g, perfect for hunting. Main parameter 1) Material: carbon 2) Length ...Keyword : carbon arrow | fiberglass arrow | archery arrows | arrow | arrow for bow
Category: Archery Equipment & Accessories
this pistol crossbow is metal materials.it can shoot not only fishing arrows,hunting arrows but also can shoot steel ball. smaller size which can take easily.Keyword : bow
Category: Ties (Neck, Bolo, Bow, etc.)
Black;Details: 350118 6P499 00020 - Color: Black - Composition: 100%SILK - Made: ITALY
Dark Blue;Details: 350118 6P499 00036 - Color: Dark Blue - Composition: 100%SILK - Made: ITALY
Fashionable 100% silk bow tie 1. silk or polyester 2. various colors 3. quality control 4. With custom print Keyword : bow tie | silk bow tie | spotted bow tie
Category: Animal Feeding Equipment
Our horse tail hair are from north of china,Mongolia,Siberia. Our worker pick up the hair by hand 1 time to 5 up times. Moreover, we also initiated a new way that the white bow hair was wrapped with ...Keyword : bow hair
Category: Forming tools
1, bow Saw Item No.: G01191 Length:12"/24" 2, bow Saw Item No.: G01192 Length:3 PC/SET 3, bow Saw Item No.: G01193 Length:18"/21"/24"/30"/36" 4, bow Saw Item No.: G01194 Length:18"/21"/24"/30"/36" ...
Category: Ties, Bow Ties, or Cravats
Yumark was established in 1975 and is headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan. We now have branch offices in China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Philippines & Vietnam. Yumark is proved to introduce ourselves as one o ...Keyword : BOW CLIP | BOW SNAP CLIP
Yumark was established in 1975 and is headquartered in Taipei, Taiwan. We now have branch offices in China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Philippines & Vietnam. Yumark is proved to introduce ourselves as one o ...Keyword : BOW CLIP
Size:12*230mm,12*250mm.18*350mm,18*390mm,23*450mm,30*485mm,30*650mm.50*850mm,50*1100mm Material: PP/PVC/PET Style: Floral Color: Any colors are available It can be used on every holiday We ...Keyword : Pull Bow for Decoration | Pull Bow for Gift | Pull Bow for Gift Wrap | Pull Bow for Gift Wrap | Pull Bow
Category: Fiber-Optic Cables
high quality FTTH Self-supporting bow-type Drop Cable
poly or silk handmade size: 12cm x 6 cm
cotton, handmade size: 148cm x 6.0 cm
poly or silk handmade size: 148cm x 5.0 cm
poly or silk handmade size: 25cm x 25 cm


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'Hokusai x Manga' traces the influence of popular Japanese visual art, from the 17th century forward, on contemporary manga.
READ moreHere are two storytellers that seemingly trust and embrace the cinéliterate audience to extrapolate, to understand, of their own volition.
READ moreContact is the rare noise album that strives for connection rather than just confrontation.
READ moreMathew Lee Cothran's Judas Hung Himself in America is a worthy addition to the electro freak-out canon, and a vital album for our time.
READ moreIf good songwriting and twangy songs are your wheelhouse and you don't mind some off-kilter singing, Craig Brown Band might be worth your time.
READ moreWhile exposing the fragments and fault lines of memories, I Called Him Morgan tells the stories of Helen and Lee Morgan. It's also a story of storytelling.
READ more24 Mar 2017 // 10:30 AM
Franz Ozon again proves to be a most singular voice in world cinema with this deceptively haunting romance mystery.
READ more24 Mar 2017 // 9:29 AM
Stylistically, Life owes more of its inspiration to David Cronenberg than Ridley Scott.
READ moreAntlers' frontman Peter Silberman releases the solo LP Impermanence which works wonderfully as a peaceful protest among louder glitchier new releases.
READ moreDaniel Brandt commits himself to his vision and challenges the expectations behind typical song composition to produce a sound all of his own.
READ moreBoston Underground Film Festival 2017: 'Fraud'
// Short Ends and Leader
"Fraud is not merely an economic crime, it's also the mode of being in the modern age.
READ the article


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Attending Colorado Technical University, BSIT — Software Application Programming. Skills include: Technical Writing, Java Application Programming, MS Office, HTML, CSS, Software Requirements Engineering, Software Design, Software Testing, Software Test Planning, Project Planning & Documentation, some UNIX/Linx.
- NetBeans, Eclipse, Android Studio, The Adobe Creative Suite. In particular, NetBeans, Illustrator, Photoshop, and VirtualBox/Debian have become standard tools.
- The CTU link on the home page contains much of the code and documentation completed while attending Colorado Technical University.
- This portfolio site represents the use of HTML, CSS, jQuery, and a little JavaScript, AJAX and PHP.
- PHP & MySQL were the main skills learned while completing the COTin site. The site also involved learning to use PHP variables in combination with database queries and CSS to accomplish some more advanced graphic techniques.
- The St. Louis Science Museum piece, represents my introduction and use of ActionScript 3.0 to create a complete site (photographs are loaded at run time). I'm also familiar with the production of externally coded ActionScript files and loading assets via XML.
- While attending Ai Pgh, I have completed a number of tutorials at PHP Academy, Codecademy, and Lynda.com. These have increased my familiarity with PHP, MySQL, JavaScript, and Flash Pro.
- My work currently is oriented heavily towards web development, but by past experience I am also versed in copy writing, layout, screen separations, and the offset or lithographic printing processes. While at Fluoramics Inc. I developed a product package used for two of their products. I believe they're available today, and some of my packaging design & copy writing is still in use.
- Colorado Technical University Online, Colorado Springs, Co (Currently attending) BSIT software application programming.
- Art Institute of Pittsburgh, Web Design and Interactive Media, Diploma Program, 2010 — present
- Hampshire College, Amherst Ma, Nerve Membrane Biophysics, DNG, 1973 — 1978
- Computer Systems Institute, Pittsburgh Pa, Computer Programmer Trainee Certificate, 1972 (COBOL, RPG, Systems Analysis)
- Lynda.com, certificates: Flash Essentials, Dreamweaver, HTML. Codecademy.com, JavaScript — 24 badges.
- Member — National Technical Honor Society. Enjoy music, movies, roller–blading, skiing, trout fishing, and camping.
- Available on request.


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Lake Corpus Christi State Park includes 356 acres around a cove of the 21,000-acre Lake Corpus Christi. The lake provides an abundance of outdoor recreation activities including fishing, boating, water-skiing, swimming, hiking, wildlife viewing and other water sports. The park represents one of the few remaining stands of brush-land in the area, providing habitat to a wide variety of animals.
Lake Corpus Christi State Park Camping Guide Continued »
Visted Lake Corpus Christi State Park Campground lately? We'd love to hear about your adventure. Did you find us useful? Did we forget something? Anything our community should know before heading out to Lake Corpus Christi State Park?


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Beviamo Moscato d'Asti NV
Winemaker's Notes:
The grapes for Beviamo Moscato d'Asti are hand harvested and grown in combination of limestone and sandstone soils from the cool, hilly Asti region. This DOCG area is ideal for growing the Moscato Bianco grape. After harvesting, the grapes are crushed, chilled to almost freezing in stainless steel vats, fermented and bottled to capture the carbon dioxide. The result is a low alcohol (5.5% maximum by law) slightly effervescent wine, or what the Italians call vino frizzante.
Member Reviews for Beviamo Moscato d'Asti
Add your reviewI have never been a wine drinker until a friend bought this for my husband and I. We absolutly love it!! The only problem we have is we live in Illinois and can not seem to find it anywhere! Does anyone know where we could find it? THANKS AND YUM!
this is a wonderful wine for those who love a sweet bubbly white wine. the cheapest we've found it is at sam's club for $11.88.
A must have for entertaining, especially well suited for guests who openly expound "I don't like wine." Soft, sweet, grape flavor abounds without being a grape soda, despite being lightly sparkling. Refreshing on a hot afternoon, blue glass bottle adds to the "cool" appeal. Aloha!
LOVE this wine. Sweet light and fruity. Goes great at parties as a sweet alternative to champagne.
I have a favorite Texas Wine that is a Moscato but that can be hard to find. When I saw Moscato D'Asti on this bottle I knew it would be sweet and probably similar so I gave it a try. I actually like it better than my long-time favorite, plus it's cheaper and easier to find. I'm sold!
moscato d'asti it's a tounge's treat not harsh bitter or rank after taste wonderful in fact
Tasting Notes:
Beviamo Moscato d'Asti is fresh, fragrant, and frizzante with vibrant, flavors and aromas of ripe stone fruit, tangerines, and honey. The wine is concentrated and flavorful, but not overly rich or heavy; sweet, yet balanced.
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THE WORLD HAS BEEN INVADED BY ALIENS! It's up to a nerdy, lazy high school kid to save it!
3.83 / 5.00 7,404 ViewsLog in to save your medals! Don't have an account? Create one for free!
Whew! It's taken a while but it's finally done. The sequel to Escaping the Prison!
This time you're back on the offense. The Tunisian Diamond is on display in the museum, and it's quite expensive. There are three different ways you can get the diamond and many more ways to fail. You can win the Aggressive way, the Undetected way or the Epic way.
Special thanks to ThumbsUpGuy, JonBro, and HomocidalToaster for programming help and beta testing!
Sorry about the filesize, but there's a lot packed in here. Let me know what you think! Leave a review and don't forget to vote!
Good Game, got alot of medals on this one, there's more next.
There is
Great work Puffballs! The Aggressive Way was my fave.
Mine is the Epic Way
fun game :) with a lot of references to other games :D
This Game its awesome: pokemons , Mario , NUKE AND EXPLOSDING!!!
What more could you ask for


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www.smtp.andorratelecom.ad - | Jan's Home
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l4x.org - Jan Dittmer
Content preview from www.smtp.andorratelecom.ad: I'm maintaining this soccer stats sheet and have different games on different sheets. To build up sums I like to reference data from the previous sheet. It took me some trial and error to get going. Essentially it requires a custom function and the use of INDIRECT.
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They Shot Pictures Ep #13: Johnnie To
In this episode of They Shot Pictures, I am joined by my friends Sean and Jhon and we set about trying to construct an unified understanding on prolific Hong Kong filmmaker, Johnnie To. As big fans of the filmmaker, we've watched and enjoyed not only his action films which are primarily what he's most well-known for in the West but also his romantic comedies and others that cross genre boundaries and remain somewhat unclassifiable. We discuss in detail the films My Left Eye Sees Ghosts, Exiled and Throw Down.
Sean blogs about films and of late, about several films and filmmakers discussed on this here podcast on his blog. He is also on twitter as @theendofcinema. Jhon is also on twitter as @cruyffbedoom.
If you listen to and like the show, pls leave us a comment on the website, rate or review us on itunes or reach out via Twitter @TSP_Podcast.


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[Sponsors] |
December 4, 2006, 05:23 |
CFX and cylindrical coordinates
#1 |
Posts: n/a
As a simple example I have started with modeling laminar flow through a pipe I have created a mesh in ICEM CFD in cartesian coordinates(I presume ICEM allows you to create geometries in cartesian coordinates only) After exporting it to CFX, How should I specify the velocities and other details in cylindrical coordinates? Also let me know if ICEM permits creation of geometry in cylindrical coordinates. Thanks VSB |
December 4, 2006, 08:33 |
Re: CFX and cylindrical coordinates
#2 |
Posts: n/a
After exporting it to CFX, How should I specify the velocities and other details in cylindrical coordinates?
Create a new cylincrical CS in Pre. |
December 4, 2006, 13:38 |
Re: CFX and cylindrical coordinates
#3 |
Posts: n/a
CFX actually gives you cylindrical coordinates (r and theta) about the Z axis of any coordinate system. If you pipe is aligned with the Z axis, you'll already have access to these.
If all you want is the ability to specify velocities in cylindrical coordinates, just pick this option in the boundary condition GUI. It will ask you for the primary axis, so you may still need to create a coordinate system if your pipe is not aligned with a global axis, but I suspect it is. What exactly do you need the cylindrical coordinate system for? Regards, Robin |
December 7, 2006, 11:02 |
Re: CFX and cylindrical coordinates
#4 |
Posts: n/a
Hi Robin and Joe,
I would like to know one thing. If I model a pipe flow problem using cylindrical coordinates and cartesian coordinates, will there be a difference in the solution values obtained in both the techniques? I have been getting contrasting views from different people. I need your help. Thanks VSB |
December 7, 2006, 11:16 |
Re: CFX and cylindrical coordinates
#5 |
Posts: n/a
Dear VSB,
ANSYS CFX only works with cartesian coordinates.. You can input data in cylindrical coordinates, and they will be converted to their cartesian components. Most 3D codes are in cartesian coordinates, and 2D codes offer an option for axisymmetric cases. What is your main concern? mesh discretization of the curvilinear terms? The physics of the flow does not know anything about the mesh, or reference frame selected.. Opaque |
October 8, 2013, 14:43 |
#6 |
Join Date: Mar 2012
Posts: 30
Rep Power: 7 |
Do ANSYS CFX still accept only Cartesian coordinate system? Trying to add cylindrical system, for some output data..but couldn't find it out;( |
September 4, 2014, 21:41 |
How to define Cylindrical Coordinate in CFX
#7 |
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2010
Location: Seoul, South korea
Posts: 214
Rep Power: 9 |
Dear all,
It might be very simple question and I have sought for the answer in previous posts...but!!! My question is how to define a Cylindrical coordinate system; either in Pre- or Post-??? Tnx a lot |
Thread Tools | |
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Similar Threads | ||||
Thread | Thread Starter | Forum | Replies | Last Post |
ANSYS CFX: Produce swirling flow using cylindrical components | neilduffy1024 | CFX | 4 | August 7, 2013 08:00 |
Temperature profile of a cylindrical wall in CFX | safikhani_hamed | CFX | 6 | July 21, 2011 08:20 |
Define mesh motion in cylindrical CS | rikio | CFX | 0 | June 3, 2009 22:21 |
cfx 5.5 inflow condition. | Bjarne | CFX | 1 | December 3, 2002 14:02 |
Cylindrical coordinates | Nish | CFX | 1 | May 3, 2000 03:01 |


text: PDF to Word converter App gives you a tool that easily converts your PDF files to word and now the word to pdf. Soon we will have major improvements in the app to better use google chrome and its derivatives Please visit: www.pdftools.orgfree.com By the same author of the extension PDF to Word Converter. https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/kclbidlajocjmicnpgpfmkblhdhjelfe If you consider this useful app sort it 5 stars.This will help us continue to keep it free and having a good number of users. Thanks!


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Deputies caught smuggling drugs into jail
One had 2 lbs. of marijuana in his home
Acosta Kittles, 33, Kenner and Shane Saltaformaggio, 24, Luling |
In the first incident, a Kenner man was arrested for trying to smuggle drugs and other forbidden items to inmates. Acosta F. Kittles, 33, 625 Vanderbilt Ln. was arrested and charged with four counts of attempting to introduce contraband into a penal facility and four counts of malfeasance in office.
According to police reports, the investigation began when the Special Investigations Division - which includes narcotics - received a tip that Kittles was sneaking illicit items into the jail, such as marijuana.
"The investigation started in February, when we received information that marijuana and other drugs were finding their way into the institution," said Sheriff Greg Champagne.
Kittles, a corrections officer since 2002, contacted an undercover agent to receive $200 owed to him for smuggling cigarettes and marijuana to an inmate. On May 2, Kittles sought an additional payment of $300 for sneaking a cellular phone into the jail. The undercover agent posed as an outside source for the inmate who was receiving the contraband. In the cellular phone operation, the bills were marked.
When retrieving the marked bills, a search of Kittles' home was conducted, resulting in the seizure of 2 pounds of marijuana.
A warrant will likely be issued by the Kenner Police Department for the drugs, and Kittles likely faces a possession with the intent distribute charge for the amount of marijuana. This end of the investigation was conducted with members from the Drug Enforcement Agency, Kenner P.D. and Terrebonne Parish Sheriff's Office.
A day after Kittles' arrest, another correctional officer was arrested for smuggling contraband into the facility. Shane Charles Saltaformaggio, 24, 358 Evelyn Drive, Luling was charged with four counts of introducing contraband into a penal facility and four counts of malfeasance in office.
During a seven-month investigation, Saltaformaggio admitted sneaking drugs and other contraband into Nelson Correctional Center for payment. Saltaformaggio admitted smuggling cigarettes, marijuana, crack cocaine and ecstasy into the jail.
"We don't expect any additional arrests on deputies," said Champagne, as all information centered on Saltaformaggio and Kittles. Champagne said that the investigation took place entirely in-house, only using additional police forces for assistance.
Both deputies were terminated immediately, and both had bonds set at $150,000 by Judge Granier. As of Monday, each was still in custody. Aside from the marijuana at Kittles' home, for each count, the deputies face up to five years in prison, making twenty years a possibility.
"As distasteful as this case is, the sheriff's office got this information and acted on it. I am proud that we conducted this investigation in-house and we cleaned up this problem," said Sheriff Champagne.
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YOU CAN EDIT THIS PAGE! Just click any blue "Edit" link and start writing!
Difference between revisions of "Tillamook"
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Tillamook County : Tillamook
Revision as of 16:49, 7 December 2006Tillamook is the county seat of Tillamook County, Oregon, USA. Get inGet aroundSeeThe Tillamook Cheese Factory. You can view the cheese making factory, try some free samples, buy various products and you must try the fresh made ice cream. DoBuyEatDrinkSleep
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Using a microdialysis technique, we continuously infused D-kynurenine (KYN) (0, 50, and 100 microM) into the prefrontal cortices (PFCs) of male Sprague-Dawley rats. We then used column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography to assess the alterations in the concentration of kynurenic acid (KYNA)-an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate and alpha7… (More)
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate and α(7) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, is one of the L-tryptophan (Trp) metabolites. To compare the level of KYNA produced in the striatum of rats after independent administration of L-Trp and D-Trp, rats were intraperitoneally administered L-Trp and/or D-Trp (100 mg/kg), and a… (More)
The levels of kynurenic acid, an endogenous antagonist of alpha(7) nicotinic acetylcholine and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, were measured in microdialysis samples obtained from the prefrontal cortices of rats using column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. When the perfusate was constantly infused at a rate of… (More)
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What time is it in Kowloon right now?
Check Kowloon, China exact official time and time change dates
Saturday, March 25, 2017
11:41:14 PM, Saturday 25, March 2017 HKT 24 hours
Standard time zone: | UTC/GMT +8 hours |
No daylight saving time at the moment |
No known DST-adjustments for year 2017
Latitude: | 22° 2' North |
Longitude: | 114° 15' East |
Time at locations near Kowloon timezone: Hanoi, Hong Kong, Taipei, Canton, Changsha
World Timezones Map Europe Time Map Australia Time Map USA Time Map Canada Time Map World Time Directory Downloads Contact Us
Correct local time in Kowloon, China timezone, official time change dates winter time 2017 daylight saving dates, DST, clock change, GMT/UTC difference.
Copyright © 2005-2017 24TimeZones.com. All rights reserved. What time is it in Kowloon right now?


text:
- Age16
- Conditionknock knees
- Next Appointment To be scheduled
What am I giving to?
CURE in Kenya
The picture above is of CURE in Kenya. The doctors, nurses, technicians, cooks, cleaners, and administrators of CURE Kenya are dedicated to providing the highest quality medical and spiritual care to people who, without CURE, couldn't find it and couldn't afford it, just like Mary. To do that, we're inviting you to partner with us.
We need to raise approximately $2000 for every procedure we provide Mary and kids like her. When you give a gift through Mary's CUREkids profile, your contribution is designated to an exclusive country fund for CURE's work in Kenya, and those funds can only be used for operational expenses to treat patients in Kenya. Have more questions? Ask us.
Monthly Giving: Be a Hero!
When you partner with us monthly, we'll send you an email each month to introduce you to a different child who was helped because of your generosity. You can choose to follow their updates and send them get well messages. That means that each year, you're a part of helping 12 different children, beginning with Mary. We call it being a CURE Hero!
Got it. Thanks for the explanation.
See more options for partnering with us financially here.
Mary's Procedure on
Mary's Story
Mary is in the middle of a family feud, which often means being no part of the cause and yet suffering from a lot of the effects. It all started with Mary's mother, Gathoni, to whom Mary is the firstborn child. According to Emily, Mary's ma… Read more
Mary is in the middle of a family feud, which often means being no part of the cause and yet suffering from a lot of the effects. It all started with Mary's mother, Gathoni, to whom Mary is the firstborn child. According to Emily, Mary's maternal grandmother, Gathoni is the family's "black sheep." Emily explained to us, "[Gathoni] began being rebellious when she was a teenager. From the get go, I knew I would have issues with her, but I never imagined the issues could be to this extent." She then went on to narrate numerous issues that Gathoni had taken the family through, and after years of bad decisions, all of Gathoni's siblings were tired of her. They couldn't understand why Emily kept taking her back, and finally, they all just made a decision to never have anything to do with their sister again. Unfortunately, that decision also applied to their nieces, Mary and her younger sister Mumbi.
So as Mary grew up mainly in the care of her grandmother, it became clear that she had a condition that hindered her walking. Emily took her to a hospital where the doctors advised her that surgery was the only way to deal with the condition. Knowing she couldn't provide the means for an operation on her own, Emily approached her children for help, and the sting of the promise to ignore Gathoni transcended a generation. They wanted nothing to do with their niece and were perfectly content to let Mary reap the consequences of her mother's past decisions. So Mary went without surgery.
When Emily brought her granddaughter to us a few weeks ago, she prayed to God, asking Him to make a way. "I am trying for the last time," she told me, "and if this one does not work, then my conscience is clear, and even God knows that I tried." We are so thankful God has brought her to CURE, because we know she will receive not only wonderful surgical care, but spiritual counsel on going forward in her life. Please join us in making a decision that Mary can finally experience good rewards from!
Latest Updates
Mary during her follow up yesterday in Kijabe. She was being tested for flexion and contraction of her knee post surgery on her right leg. There is much to be grateful for in regards to the progress she has made and we hope she will keep on the positive trend. She has a 6cm discrepancy for which we plan on fabricating a shoe raise for her. We hope to see her again in a few months.
Mary came in for her followup appointment yesterday and was shown range of motion exercises that she needs to start doing. She was able to extend her leg from 0-90º unassisted and 0-100º with assistance. She is scheduled to be back in 2 weeks for another followup and to get an x-ray. Stay tuned for her next update.
Mary is doing well as per her last follow up earlier this month. She got off the long leg cast and the pins that had been put on her surgery site were removed then a cylinder cast was applied. Her next review will be in June. Here is a link to the photos we took of her during that last review. • http://bit.ly/T6emjC • http://bit.ly/1svFcMf
Send a Message to Mary
We'll deliver your message to Mary as soon as we see her.


text:
Ed's Easy Diner - DerbyWestfield Shopping Cetre
The Kitchen DerbySadler Gate
The Brooklyn SocialSadler Gate, Derby
Thai Dusit - DerbyBold Lane
The Good Green CaféStrand Arcade, Derby
Portobello CaféQueen Street, Derby
MasalaCurzon Street, Derby
Park BikeworksFull Street, Derby
Get Gousto to deliver the best ingredients straight to you — home cooking made easy.
Ever thought of pairing chocolate and craft beer? Here's some advice from the experts.


text:
An Altered Life
So, my husband has Alzheimer's. His 59th birthday was just 11 days ago. He's way too young to have this particular condition. His is called "early-onset", which I appreciate. It's an acknowledgment that this is not usual. In fact, Alzheimer's is not "typical" at any age, it is not a "normal" part of aging.


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Jacqueline Pascarl would be known to few people outside of two countries; Australia and Malaysia. In 1992, her two children Iddin and Shah, were taken by their father, Prince Raja Datuk Kamarul Bahrin Shah, and taken to Malaysia. Yes, it was illegal under Australian law, and yes, we all felt for Ms. Pascarl, or as she was known then, Jacqueline Gillespie. She wote a book on the subject, 'Once I Was a Princess' (1995), and has recently revisited the story in her follow up book, 'Since I Was a Princess' (2007). After hearing a recent interview with Ms. Pascarl, a number of things just didn't quite make me lend a sympathetic ear anymore.
Ms. Pascarl was being interviewed by journalist Jon Faine, a morning radio talk show host in Melbourne. The interview started well, as Ms.Pascarl talked about her recent reunion with her two children, now 20 and 23. While everything in the interview centred around her, and her new book, she was extremely pleasant. She was the loving, happy mother, glad to be in contact with her kids once again, after such a traumatic split.
However, as is Jon Faine's style, he started to bring up some of the past Ms. Pascarl didn't want to talk about. It's very convenient to write not one, but two books about one side of the story, but what Faine wanted to bring up was the fact that Ms. Pascarl and her then husband Iain Gillespie, had the children baptised Christian, against their Muslim father's wishes. This offended the Prince, as it was perceived as an insult to him. For those of you familiar with asian customs, keeping 'face' is extremely important. Faine also pressed Pascarl to admit that she hadn't discussed this important matter with her husband at any time they were together. She angrily retorted that 'it wasn't the point!" Little Princess Jacqueline was not getting her way.
Needless to say that the interview went downhill from there. What did surprise me was the level of emotion Ms. Pascarl displayed. She cried, whined, and began to very quickly sound like a little child who was used to always getting her way. She was for once in her life being put under the spotlight, and made to justify the claims she has made in her books. She is happy to write the books, make plenty of money out of them, but don't question her. She was the persecuted one. She had her children ripped away. She gets the sympathy. That's the deal.
There is something about Ms. Pascarl that says to me she loves the attention of it all, as long as the attention is all about her, and all about her side of the story. Faine continued to pursue Pascarl thoughout her crying and whining by simply saying, and I paraphrase, " I'm not trying to upset you, but for all these years we have only heard one side of the story." Prince Bahrin Shah has himself written a book about his recollection of events, and Faine wanted this to be brought to the surface. To take on Pascarl when most of Australia is firmly behind her is very risky. Although Faine can be pigheaded, and a major smart arse, on this occasion he was right. He never for one moment said that he believed the Prince, and no one can deny that what the Prince did was a criminal offence. The Parliament of Australia characterised this removal as an "abduction."
People do things for a reason, and that reason can sometimes be provocation. We see this all the time around the world. Israel's existence as a state is provocation to the arab. Suicide bombing is an answer to what is seen as provocation by the west. Wars in general happen because someone 'provoked' someone else. Dr Mahatir, the then Malaysian Prime Minister, started hating Australians after then Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating provoked him by calling him 'recalcitrant' after his non-appearance at an APEC summit.
Jacqueline Pascarl provoked her husband. Should he have responded by abducting his children? Of course not. But Jacqueline Pascarl, as highlighted by Jon Faine, was totally insensitive to her ex husband and believed that her plan for the children was her decision alone. She obviously did not wish to see his point. Of course not. If she did, she would not have made a lot of money out of the 'sad and sorry Princess' routine.
I remember when this was big news in Australia. Pascarl's then husband, Iain Gillespie, always fronted the media, and fended off the tough questions. This is what I have just discovered while researching this blog:
"Upon the return of his wife's abducted daughter Shah in 2006, her husband Bill (Crocaris) was the spokesperson for his wife to the media pack that had formed outside of their house."
Must come with the job of being Pascarl's husband. She doesn't seem to cope with an overly inquisitive media.
Enjoy your day.
I never thought of it that way. I am know going to get her books and the fathers books and compare the two. Abduction of children by a parent, is not the easy way out of a situation. Sometimes the parent feels that it is the only way out, but in this case is was wrong. I have noticed that Jacqueline Pascarl, only ever wants to talk about how much she suffered. I am very curious to hear the father's side.
The children were obviously very well looked after, and seem higly intelligent.
I wonder why she left out the fact that she got pregnant with her daughter, Verity, to a married Sydney businessman whilst still married to Iain Gillespie. She dumped Gillespie when a deal with the National bank went horribly wrong involving a television series named House Hunt Doesn't seem too christian to me!
Verity's father was/is? married to a Sydney divorce lawyer and he soon dumped Ms. Pascarl-Gillespie-Crocaris-Can't spell the Prince's Last name when she started pulling stunts like slashing her wrists in the bath. Ms. Pascarl requested he be at the birth and his wife said that would be fine … "as long as she could be there too". He didn't attend.
Poor Iain Gillespie doesn't get much of a mention in the sequel, does he? Considering the kidnapped children called him Daddy, he wasn't even informed they had been "found". She states their marriage ended in 1995, but I would say that was news to Iain Gillespie, given he was still funding her overseas trips right up until their divorce in 2000 and Jacqueline was sending him intimate, detailed emails about saving poor African children inbetween meeting celebrities.
I wonder what he thought if he bothered to read her second book. Finding out your wife was cheating with a Belgium? chocolate fan can't have been sweet.
Jackie, you need to learn to tell the truth.
Raja Bahrin side : The Raja Bahrin Story : A father's dramatic rescue mission
actually she returned to Australia in 1985 taking her Malaysian-born Muslim children on the pretext to visit her sick grandmother as a result her husband took a second wife.
Aussie should also read Raja Bahrin side :
The Raja Bahrin Story : A father's dramatic rescue mission
Paperback : 273 pages
Publisher : Times Book International (1997)
Language : English
This is crazy. The kids got baptised – Horror of horrors. And then the prince was offended? By all means, remove them from their mother then, and that's fine? Really?
You're also ignoring the reason WHY she brought them home – but that's immaterial perhaps. Not worth noting the beatings, and what amounts to rape.
If you recall, while the kids did reside in Australia, the prince still had access. He did not extend the same courtesy to her, but that's fine – after all, he did lose face. Can't have that. Best not allow the mother any contact.
Forget about what was good for the kids – that's not the issue here apparently. The prince feels slighted.
Forget about what the family court decided – the prince lost face. He was offended. That's pretty major – obviously, we must break the law and ignore the court, put the kids on a boat (at a risk to their lives) and spirit them away overseas.
You people are sick.
And Mizan, I also heard she picks her nose!
Isn't anonymous and unsubstantiated gossip great?
I think this post is a very good one and prompted me to google the interview and listen to it. I agree with most of your assessments.
It seems that Jacqueline Pascarl appears to have great difficulty placing herself in "the shoes" of others and understanding things from a cultural viewpoint other than her own. She argues, for instance, that the children were "not Muslim" from birth. Yet, before her marriage, she presumably underwent some kind of conversion as her husband's state, Terenganu, doesn't allow marriages between Muslims and non-Muslims. In any case, the children's birth certificates would certainly have stated their "agama" (Malay word for religion) = ISLAM. So for her to claim in that interview that there was nothing wrong with her baptizing the children since they were not Muslim is disingenous to say the least. She was really saying, it's my right to change the religion of my children to whatever I want, regardless of what I agreed to before my marriage or what the children's father might think.
I also agree that this doesn't justify the father of the children disobeying the law and abducting the kids. But I do think that Jon Faine's interview is very revealing about the insensitive personality which contributed to these events. I suspect both partners had faults, but I also agree with Faine's argument that Australian's have only ever been told one side of the story.
I think that what ever else has happened in Jacquelines life is irrelevant, I don't care if she slept with 30,000 men while married etc, she still did not deserve to go through the physical, mental and emotional trauma of having her kids snatched without even a hug goodbye.
I think the PRINCE (ha!) has alot to answer for and that he is a self centred power hungry wife beater.. he took the second wife before she returned to aussie. I am proud of Jacqueline for having the courage to attempt such a brave feat for her children. I don't think at the time she was thinking of writing a book and becoming famous from it.. People need to use some common sense when leaving blogs, the fact is what happended to her was horrible, and nobody, NOBODY should ever have to go through that pain!!
I have to add further that "Once I was a princess" was banned in Malaysia.
Now why would the PRINCE (choke!) ban the book if he was so proud of his actions and honest with the public about the details and reasons behind it..
Let's face it, he was scared that if her book made it to his country that one. his kids would find out that he was a rapist and a wife beater two. that he was an adulterer which made it to the papers in Malaysia before his wife found out and three. that he wasn't as concerned for their muslim upbringing as he made out.
Again, the fact people are commenting on how much money has been made out of this etc baffles me as I'm sure any parent in the world would agree with me..no amount of money in the world could ever cure the pain of children "gone"
Those children (Iddin and Shahirah) were born in Malaysia to a Malaysian father.
So they were Malaysian-born children and also Malaysian citizens.
* Malaysia disalllow dual nationality.
Two side story:
a)Once I was a Princess by Jacqueline Pascarl
b)The Raja Bahrin Story: A father's dramatic rescue mission by Raja Bahrin Shah & Bryan Wickham
Iddin and Shahirah were born in Malaysia to a Malaysian father and are Malaysian citizens.
actually she returned to Australia in 1985 taking her Malaysian-born children on the pretext to visit
her sick grandmother as a result her husband took a second wife and knowing full she was not returned.
* Those children were born in Malaysia to Malaysian father and are Malaysian citizens.
So who was the criminal?
Source: Once I was a Princess
Malaysian headlines in 1992:
'Aussie Police lookout for Raja's children'
'children were born in Malaysia and are Malaysian citizens'
'children were born in Malaysia to a Malaysian father and are Malaysian citizens'
'Malaysian-born Muslim children'
very interesting..
i know,i'm only 18..but this issue have caught my attention..
this matter seems to me like it 'heated' malaysians and australians..
not to mention muslims and christians..
malaysia is an islamic nation,to make long story short..the royals are also muslim..
as far as i am concerned,nobody in the royal family are christians,or chinese,etc.
for royal family, religion is the most important thing to be protected as the businesses related to religious matter are refered to the sultans in malaysia..and as for muslims, the responsibility of protecting children's religion,providing them enough education of it,and making sure that childrens have practised it in their daily life are given to the fathers as they are considered as the 'khalifah' or the leader to the family..i am not supporting raja bahrin's act of taking his children out of australia years ago,but as i said before..not only to muslims,but i do think all religion have their responsibility of protecting their religion..and maybe for raja bahrin,when his children are baptised,he felt that he had to do something about it as he is the biological father of his children,he felt is the one who's responsible to protect them as they are born,as muslims i mean..i don't really know what i am talking about,but what i am trying to say is,a father has to do what a father must do..raja bahrin has fighted the australian family court for years and the result he get is,his children being baptised and he didn't even know anything about it..i guess,he just felt that he have to do something about it..plus,his kids are malaysian,they are born in malaysia..why should the matter be brought to australian court?raja bahrin and his ex-wife even married in malaysia,..oh yes!one more thing..
islam does not look down on women!
i read some statements on this story and as a muslim,and women-to-be,^_^..i am actually very dissapointed..islam never neglect womens..for women who have just converted into islam,please..do not be a muslim only for marriage,i plead..please understand this religion deeply..raja bahrin's ex-wife,from my point of view,is ready for the marriage,but she is not ready to be a muslim,she didn't deeply learn about it before and when she's married,maybe the new life of being a muslim and as a regular people stressed her as the life of being a princess in malaysia is completely different from being a princess there,not as she imagined it would be..and there goes this and that..
whatever it is,i respect both and i really believe they have their own reason for their action..wallahualam..
lets pray that they will be living a happier life,and these kind of thing will never happen again,.
I was in my teens when this story came up in the papers.I its crucial to hear from both sides.
I think it was irresponsible and selfish for the the Prince to take a second wife(even if this is allowed in Islam). I don't know what type of marriage he and Ms.Pascarl had, if they were happy or not! But they had two young kids and Ms.Pascarl had earlier moved to another country and may have converted to islam to marry the man she loved. Mind you Trengganu (the state they lived in)is one the conservative traditional state in Malaysia. Surely it was a cultural shock for Ms.Pascarl. And when the Prince took a second wife, surely she was devastated and the only solution she could think of that is to take her Malaysian kids to Australia on a pretext to visit her sick mother and then file a divorce from him from Australia.
But she was also selfish when she decided to divorce her then husband from Australia and remained in Australia without his consent. It is also a case of abduction in Malaysian views.
Finally when their divorced was confirmed and she remarried, obviously she converted back to her original religion but to baptized the Muslim children is a disgraced to the prince. He had no option but to take them back to Malaysia in whatever manner.
Thank god the children turned out alright and had a happy upbringing. The Prince did a good job. It is also good that the children is now reunited with Ms.Pascarl.
In this situation, both parents are to be blame for being selfish and egoistic as they failed to save their marriage and also failed be an "adult" about the divorce. They both lack of respect for each other that lead both of them to further hurt each other even after they are divorce, using the children as a tool. I noticed this is common among bitter divorce parents using their children as the battleground.
Now, 17 years later its time to forgive and forget and let the children be happy having both parents in their lives. Ms.Pascarl was invited by the Prince to attend their daughter's wedding recently.
Finally a happy ending!
Once I was a Princess (1995)
Author: Jacqueline Pascarl
The Raja Bahrin Story: A father's dramatic rescue mission (1997)
Authors: Raja Bahrin Shah & Bryan Wickham
-Those children were born in Malaysia and are Malaysian citizens.
-born in Malaysia to a Malaysian father, Raja Kamarul Bahrin Shah.
-The children's mother, Jacqueline Gillespie, an Australian, took them from their birthplace, Malaysia in 1985 on a pretext to visit her sick grandmother.
-Once she reached there, she filed for divorce.She told to the court there that she badly served in Malaysia and dared not return to file divorce since she married in Malaysia under Malaysian law and Islamic customs.
-An Australian court then granted Jacqueline sole custody in 1986 but Malaysia equally said the children should be with their biological father.
-In July 1992,Raja Bahrin went to Australia and brought home his children from Australia in a journey of thousands kilometres through road, sea, air and Indonesian archipleago.
-The Australian Press reported the children's return to Malaysia as kidnapping.
-Malaysian media: Return / Rescue (Religion.
My grandmother was married to malaysian royalty during the 1940's. She had two children as well, a boy and a girl. She told me of how supressed she was and the violence she endured. She left made her own way and the royal family cut all ties so that when the children got older they were not entitled to anything. She went on to marry a second time and had my mum. I can understand why jackie felt so twisted with knowing that her kids were going to be raised in that way, without our aussie freedom. I belive her side because it coreallates so much with what my own grandma went through. I know the sacrifices my nana made so i am aware and sympathise with what jackie did. Regardless of hearing one side – Bahrin committed a criminal offence and it was out of spite to hurt jackie. Men like that never forget ills done to them, he bided his time and struck when least expected. Dont b hard on Jackie, no mother or parent should ever have to suffer what she did, she has more strength tucked away than u could imagine and she did not deserve to miss out on growing with her children.
And to Tom above …… the children were Australian Citizens, thats why it was reported as an abduction also.