text:
Unique Recreational & Potential Income Producing Income Property
100 Beautiful Acres JUST Reduced! Property May Be Subdivided Too! Located Only 45 Minutes from Big D! Unique Recreational & Potential Income Producing Country Getaway... Zoned for Horses & Designed for Dogs! Weekend Home Headquarters Include 954 SF Log Cabin & 728 SF Office! Ideal Perfect Horse Ranch Startup with Sandy Loam Soil, Coastal Bermuda & Other Grasses Pasture; Majestic Native Pecans! 3 Nice Sized Ponds; Perfect Place for Country Vet Business! Or Build & Develop A Dog Training Business Such as K-9 or Retrievers with State of the Art 2773 SF Kennel Facility! Separate Septic Systems for Cabin, Office & Kennels & Security Gate! Call Randy for More Details! 214-557-9648!
Barn Information Barn(s) |
Proposed Use Agriculture Equine |
Soil Sandy Loam |
Tax Data (Show Tax Data)
NOTE: The information contained herein is provided as general information only and has been obtained from sources deemed reliable. It is provided without any guaranty, warranty or representation, expressed or implied, made by Lands of America, or any related entity, as to the accuracy or completeness of the information. The information is presented subject to errors, omissions, change of price or conditions, prior sale or withdrawal without notice. Prospective purchasers should make their own investigations, projections and conclusions concerning the information.


text:
Thursday, 12 December 2013
He may be just 24 years old but Dan Smith proved he was more than capable of handling the pressure of a major final table last night after capturing his first WPT title.
Having started that day as the chip leader and favourite on paper, Smith entered the finale in a confident mood but soon after the start his optimism took a knock after he fell from the top spot. Despite having a mountain of chips, the American pro quickly slipped down the ranks whilst Eddy Sabat climbed. As the likes of Joe Serock, Barry Hutter and Shaun Suller fell by the wayside it looked as though Sabat was going to upset the form book. However, as three-handed play dragged on it was Smith who enjoyed a renaissance, doubling up through his nemesis Sabat twice before recapturing his chip lead. Smith's double blow to Sabat was to prove fatal as the experienced pro would ultimately hit the rail in third place after his Ac 9d wasn't able to maintain its advantage over Smith's Ks Qs as the board rolled out: Kc Jc 6s 3c Ts. That elimination saw Smith scoop almost 12 million chips whilst Sabat picked up a $436,160 consolation prize from the cage. Now down to just two players it didn't take long for Smith to dispatch with Gary Benson; indeed, it took just nine hands for a conclusion to be reached. Knowing that he needed a miracle to reverse a 7:1 chip disadvantage, Benson tried to push the action but he finally fell on his sword when his pocket fours couldn't outrace Smith's Ks Td. After seeing off his final foe, a jubilant Smith celebrated his third $1 million+ tournament score before hoisting the WPT Five Diamond Classic trophy aloft. $10,300 WPT Five Diamond Classic Final Result1: Dan Smith - $1,161,1352: Gary Benson - $672,6853: Eddy Sabat - $436,1604: Shaun Suller - $303,7935: Barry Hutter - $219,1656: Joe Serock - $175,766Image courtesy of the World Poker Tour.
Juicy Stakes has just launched a range of new online poker tournaments and is celebrating by offering a limited-time 50% re-load deposit bonus worth up to $100.
Intertops Poker and Juicy Stakes are offering online poker players the chance to take part in the main event at the upcoming St Maarten stop of the TK Poker Tour for as little as $1.10.
The Winter Poker Championship Seefeld 2017 is set to kick off from February 16 and one lucky online poker player will be taking part after winning a prize package worth $4,000 into the Austrian extravaganza's main event at Intertops Poker on Sunday.
The Winter Poker Championship Seefeld 2017 is set to run from February 16 to February 26 and online poker players are being offered the chance to win a prize package into the Austrian tournament series' main event for as little as $3.30.
Sunday Six Max and Sundowner.
Intertops Poker and Juicy Stakes.
Amateur wins at Intertops Poker.
Juicy Stakes and Intertops Poker.
Poker's unassuming killer steps back into the limelight.
Meet one of UK poker's rising stars.
We talk to WSOP bracelet winner.
By Paul Oresteen.
Just keep smiling...
By Adam Slutsky
Pushing the envelope for a new poker generation.
Jeff KImber on fish.
So says Dara O'Kearney.
Dara O'Kearney looks at game thoery.
Dara O'K on bounty tournaments.
Rob Yong calls for competition.
A critical eye on the poker world.
Nick Wealthall on unconscious decision making.
Structure changes don't suit recreationals.

subset: commoncrawl


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This text explores the ancient art of aromatherapy. It tells how aromatherapy can help to relieve common ailments and enhance every aspect of your life. It includes clearly illustrated step-by-step aromatherapy massage techniques.McGilvery, Carole is the author of 'Complete Guide to Aromatherapy' with ISBN 9780754807742 and ISBN 0754807746.
[read more]


text:
Français | CIM.org
The Technical Program is now live! Explore the sessions and topics that will be discussed this year!
Canada's Mining Marketplace will be open from April 30–02 May. See who's exhibiting here!
See who's attending and do not miss out on the early-bird rate by registering by Sunday, March 26!
Discover our line-up of plenary panelists, as the CIM community is heading towards A NEW STATE OF MINE.
Do you know who will be the emcee for the CIM Awards Gala? Find out here!
We are thankful to our sponsors whose support enable us to deliver the CIM Convention every year. See who is supporting us!


text:
Out of Stock
The item you're looking for is currently unavailable.
Janice G. Schimmelman is the author of 'Art in the Early English Magazine, 1731-1800: A Checklist of Articles on Drawing, Painting and Sculpture, from the "Gentleman's Magazine", "London ... the History of the Book in American Culture)' with ISBN 9780944026991 and ISBN 0944026990.
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text: Seller: mr-mrs-miss-trading (1.565) 99.8%, Location: cleveland, North Yorkshire, Ships to: GB & many other countries, Item: 332087008013 MGF MG TF - Airbag ECU YWC105230 PART NUMBER YWC105230 JOB LOT X10 IN GOOD USED CONDITION END OFF THE LISTING IF NOT SOLD WILL BE SCRAPEDTAKING TO MUCH SPACE UP MESSAGE FOR MORE DETAILS This ad is for 10 AIR BAG ECU,S all parts we sell are used parts removed from vehicles they will have marks WILL BE LISTING ALOT MORE JOB LOTS OFF MG ROVER PARTS ALL POSTAGE PRICES ARE FOR MAINLAND UK DESTINATIONS ONLY!! THIS DOES NOT INCLUDE POSTCODES WE DO POST WORLD WIDE MESSAGE FOR DETAILS A signature will be required upon delivery .BT, IM, TR21-25, PO30-41, AB30-38, AB44-56, FK17-99, G83, IV1-28, IV30-39, IV52-54, IV63, KW1-14, PA21-33, PA34-40, PH18-26, PH30, PH31-41, PH49-50, HS1-9, IV40-51, IV55-56, KA27-28, KW15-17, PA20, PA41-49, PA60-78, PH42-44, ZE1-3 Ask for a quote for delivery to these postcodes before purchasing. TERMS AND CONDITIONS ==================== For All none mainland UK & International shipping costs, please contact us for a delivery quote before placing Please provide a daytime contact telephone number to enable the courier to contact you should the need arise We cannot deliver to a 3rd party residential address. All deliveries can only be made to the registered PayPal/Credit Card address or a business address.All parts are tested where possible. Any parts supplied that are found to be faulty will be replaced or refunded. This is the limit of our responsibility to the buyer. We are not responsible for any further costs incurred by you such as garage bills, transport or anything other than the original price including postage. Purchase of any part(s) is subject to these terms and conditions. By committing to purchase you are agreeing to abide by these conditions. ALL PARTS ARE USED ReturnsI am completely approachable, and try to solve any problems with absolutely no fuss or drama, so don't hesitate to contact me if you have a problem. I am here to help throughout the buying process until you are totally happy with your purchase. Please contact me before you try to fix or repair anything. I will not discount anything under any circumstances but you may return it for a refund or exchange. Any damage will mean they can't be refunded. In accordance with Distance Selling Regulations, I accept all returns as long as we have been informed by e-mail via ebay of your desire to return an item within 14 days of receipt of your item. Please use the return an item email through ebay, so that is recorded accordingly.I do require you to return the item via a reputable courier on a signed for service. The cost of the return is covered by the buyer. On receipt of the item, if it is in good condition and unused, we will give a full refund of the item (but not any postage) paid direct into your paypal account. Please NOTE We use couriers My hermers and Yodel ,depend of size of the item . LARGE ITEMS ARE PALLET It take 3-5day for delivery QMN100181QMN100181 Please note :We use security warranty sticker for all our item .Item return without there's sticker on will not give a refund .Many Thanks We are cheaper price than most of the othe MG/ROVER Specially


text:
Master of Science in Information Systems
European University
Em (Espanha)
Preço a consultar
+34 9...
Ver mais
Compare este curso com outros semelhantes
Ver mais
CISA (ISACA Certified Information Systems Auditor) - Trainng Programme
e-Careers Limited
Curso profissionalizante
Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL Foundations V3)
Oxford Applied Training
Preço Emagister
Preço a consultar
Informação importante
- Mestrado
- 500 horas letivas
Objetivo del curso: The core of our instruction prepares students for entry into the business world, with a Master of Business Administration (MBA) title. Students choose one specified area to specialize.
Dirigido a: EU Students are a vibrant and motivated international community. Our students come from all over the world. International exchange leads to greater understanding and appreciation of other and prepares EU graduates for more effective interaction in the global marketplace.
Despite all cultural and social differences, there is always one common denominator that bridges the gaps. Students all learn to speak the same international language: Business.
Perguntas frequentes:
· Requisitos
Ver detalles en el Programa.
Term 1:
Alumnos por clase: 25
Term 1:
- Management Skills (3)
- Organizational Behavior (3)
- Managerial Accounting (3)
- Marketing (3)
- Quantitative Business Methods (3)
- Legal Environment (1)
- Case Methods Analysis - Seminar (1)
- Industrial Visits and Invited Managers' Lectures (1)
- Finance (3)
- Human Resources Management (3)
- Managerial Economics (3)
- Strategic Management (3)
- Management Information Systems (3)
- Oral and Written Communication Skills (1)
- Job Career Planning - Seminar (1)
- Industrial Visits and Invited Managers' Lectures (1)
- Managing the MIS Function (3)
- Future trends in Technology (3)
- Systems Analysis and Design (3)
- Data Communication (3)
- File and Database Systems (3)
- Research Report (3)
- The programs are taught in English and/or Spanish and last one year (full-time) or two years (part-time).
- The courses are given in the evening from Monday to Friday (from 19:00 to 22:00).
- University degree (official copy).
- Two reference letters.
- Fluency in English certified by a minimum TOEFL score of 213 (computer based), or English as mother tongue.
- An overall undergraduate grade point average of at least 3.0 on a 4.0 scale.
- A minimum GMAT score of 450.
- Two years or more of effective managerial or professional work experience which can include military services.
- Personal interview.
- Our campus is located in the famous Bonanova area of Barcelona in a modern building, which offers the best study conditions for our students.
- Classes are always small and personal (average class size is between 20-25 students).
- Our faculty offers both strong academic credentials and real work experience, making the connection between the workplace and the classroom and providing our students with a truly global experience.
Alumnos por clase: 25


text:
2011 Mazda 3 - Consumer Review
Average Consumer Rating
Total Reviews
s Grand Touring 4dr Hatchback (2.5L 4-cyl. 5-speed Automatic)
Build Quality
Reliability Value
Build Quality
Reliability Value
20 of 22 people found this review helpful
Good for 30,000, then all heck breaks loose
By lunaris on
2011 Mazda 3 s Grand Touring 4dr Hatchback (2.5L 4cyl 5A)Review
I don't generally review cars, but my experience with this vehicle was so horrible that I felt motivated to counter some of the shameless praise the Mazda 3 receives on this website.To put it bluntly, my Mazda 3 was a troubled vehicle. It was loud from the first day (I knew it would be), but the noise level rose as time passed. The tires wore down very quickly, and were extremely expensive to replace.
But, what ultimately killed me was the clutch. Just over 41k miles, the clutch began acting up. I know a fair bit about cars and realized what it was immediately. Come to find that the clutch is a chronic issue for this car -- with many failing far earlier. And even at 15 or 18k, Mazda...
Best Features
... still classifies this as 'wear and tear.' I understand a lot of people who drive this make and model are young, but not too long ago, a clutch didn't break until the car was on its last legs. It was like a transmission -- having one go out before a hundred thousand miles was absurd. I've been driving manuals almost exclusively since I was 15. I never had any issues. But this Mazda failed, and it failed quickly, at an extremely inopportune time. I'll never own another Mazda again. Heck, I may never own another manual. The experience was *that* bad. As far as features I liked, the car was zippy and agile, and felt a little bit like a sports car at times.Worst Features
Well, obviously there needs to be a recall to look at this clutch issue, clearly. It won't happen, but it should be done. I felt like I got ripped off for that reason alone. I also think they need to redesign the model for different tires. No way should I be paying $200 or more per tire on what is marketed as an economy car. Frankly, though, I don't care what they do, because I'll never own one again.
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text:
Asked by Truelove77 at 12:17 PM on Sep. 8, 2010 in Crazy for Credits
Level 49 (341,585 Credits)
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I know you all hate these questions, but, would you guys mind....
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DEAR AMY: Our 17-year-old daughter would like to get her driver's license.
Her father and I told her several months ago that we would insist that she obtain all 60 hours of practice driving time (including 10 hours of night driving) that our state requires before she could take the driver's test.
We also stated that for her to actually drive, she would need to get a C- or better in all of her classes.
Now she is telling us we are unreasonable, crazy parents for requiring these things. She feels it is ridiculous to tie driving to grades (she is failing two of her classes) and that because she thinks night driving is "easier" than driving during daylight hours, she shouldn't have to complete those before she is allowed to take the test. Her older sister didn't present these issues to us when she was a young driver.
Are we being unreasonable? She reads your column most mornings before heading to school, so she may be curious to read your take on the matter. — Responsible Mom
DEAR MOM: I am 100 percent behind your effort to produce a safe driver. Your daughter's insistence that night driving is "easier," for instance, is a perfect example of how much she has to learn.
As someone who might also be driving alongside (hopefully not into) your young, inexperienced driver, I appreciate your choice to insist that she be a more seasoned driver before taking the test.
Plus, it is the law in your state. This makes it nonnegotiable.
In terms of your choice to link driving to her performance in school, driving (and using the car) should be linked to all sorts of things, including grades. It is a privilege, not a right, and it is important for a teen to demonstrate the ability to work toward a goal and achieve it.
Is your daughter working to the very limits of her ability? I hope so. If not, my only question is why you expect so little of her: A C- doesn't set a high standard.
DEAR AMY: I normally do not read your column, as I am fortunate not to be facing many of the life circumstances you address. However, I was interested in your response to "Worried," a woman who wrote about her gambling boyfriend.
My father was a compulsive gambler, and having grown up with that behavior as part of our household fabric, I well recognize the symptoms in what was written about the boyfriend's behavior. Your advice to the writer was sound: Do not co-sign a lease, do not give him any more money, etc.
I would also suggest that another potential source of support for this young woman, assuming she is going to stay with this boyfriend, is to go to Gam-Anon, the support group for Gamblers Anonymous. This will help her understand whether her boyfriend is simply a poor money manager or has a more serious problem. It can also help her determine whether she is enabling his gambling without being aware of it. — Annette Dunlap, author of "The Gambler's Daughter: A Personal and Social History"
DEAR ANNETTE: Thank you for the recommendation. Although the man described in this letter was apparently spending a lot of money on "scratch off" tickets, I agree this is foolish, possibly compulsive and definitely a form of gambling.
I hope "Worried" follows your advice to seek the support of Gam-Anon. Information on local meetings can be found on the group's website: Gam-Anon.org
DEAR AMY: I hope you can stand yet more feedback on your response to "Sad Sister," the sanctimonious woman who participated in annual outings with another sister and other female relatives but excluded one sister.
While I was shocked that you would describe anyone as "horrible," I have to say I agree with you. As a sibling from a similar family dynamic, I assure you that it is horrible. — Bullied Sibling
DEAR BULLIED: Hearing from hundreds of people who have been excluded and bullied by family members has been an eye-opener for me.


text:
Top Definition
Little, small in size/volume.
"Woah, man she has a wincy butt."
by Cody Spaulding
February 24, 2005
The Urban Dictionary Mug
One side has the word, one side has the definition. Microwave and dishwasher safe. Lotsa space for your liquids.
Buy the mugThe Urban Dictionary T-Shirt
Smooth, soft, slim fit American Apparel shirt. Custom printed. 100% fine jersey cotton, except for heather grey (90% cotton).
Buy the t-shirt


text:
Comedy game maker Twisted Pixel has announced that The Wavy Tube Man Chronicles will hit the Windows Store soon.
Originally a free downloadable level pack for Kinect shooter The Gunstringer, The Wavy Tube Man Chronicles is a parody live-action shooter that pays tribute to wonky FMV blasters like Mad Dog McCree.
So, expect a B movie plot (involving time travellers in the Wild West, naturally), terrible acting, cheap props, constant breaches of the fourth wall, and plenty of high jinx. All this, while tapping on bad guys.
This Windows 8 version also has chapter select and behind-the-scenes special features. It will hit Windows 8 and RT tablets for $1.49 "soon".
Subscribe to AppSpy on
Speaking of Twisted Pixel and the word 'soon', it looks like the mobile edition of Ms. Splosion Man is on the horizon.
The Texas-based studio told a Tweeter that the auto-explosive platformer will hit Windows Phone 7 "soon".


text:
At Portfolio and Programme levels, leadership (rather than management) starts to come in to focus. The infographic (right) is a good distillation of required qualities and behaviours, however, I'd prefer to label the columns as "Managers" on the left and "Leaders" on the right. To me, Leadership has not changed over the decades. The workplace has not changed. We always have (and always will) need both managers and leaders. Managers "push" people along, Leaders attract followers. Managers concentrate on the "Who" and How", leaders on the "What" and "Why". |
Change ManagementPortfolio :: Programme :: Project :: Transformation :: Change Archives
April 2015


text:
Saudi supercomputer ranked as fourteenth most powerful worldwide
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology's Shaheen supercomputer ranks 14th on Top500.org list
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) new super computer has taken 14th place in the global list of the top 500 supercomputers compiled by www.top500.org.
The IBM Blue Gene/P System, named Shaheen, recorded a peak processing power of 185 Teraflops, ranking it among the top twenty high performance computing worldwide on its first entry into the list.
Majid Al-Ghaslan, KAUST's interim CIO said: "Shaheen is the cornerstone of the knowledge-based economy that Saudi Arabia is seeking to develop. The deep computing capabilities Shaheen can deliver will unite the best of business and scientific computing techniques and will enable us to find the value buried in growing volumes of data and apply that information to solve real-world problems. Through our collaboration with IBM, we are finding it possible to tackle problems of unbelievable complexity—things we couldn't dream of doing even a few years ago."
The Shaheen system, first announced in September last year, is being run as a joint project between IBM's Centre for Deep Computing Research and the private university, with the aim of providing high performance computing power for researchers across a range of disciplines, and to encourage research in the region.
Al-Ghaslan told itp.net at the time: "When you look at the history [of computing] some of the biggest names out there, like Bill Gates initially his whole fascination with computing came from access to a supercomputing laboratory in Seattle, so hopefully we can replicate that here as well."
Shaheen is a 16-rack Blue Gene/P System, with 65,536 independent processing cores, and an advanced support architecture and network to connect it to other research organizations worldwide. The architecture has also been designed to be energy efficient, making it one of the greenest HPC systems in existence.
The IBM Blue Gene/P architecture is also in use for three other supercomputers in the top twenty, including Forschungszentrum Jülich's JUGENE system, which jumped to third place.
The top two systems were unchanged, with the US Department of Environment's IBM cluster-based 'Roadrunner' system still in the top spot, clocking in at 1.105 petaflop/s (quadrillions of floating point operations per second).
While not all systems participate in the top500.org rankings, only two other supercomputers in the Middle East region made the listing this time, Jeraisy Computer and Communication Services' HP cluster, ranked 99th, and a system in Israel.
Overall, the Top500 listing was dominated by HP, with 42.4% of all systems in the list, and IBM, with 37.6%.
2821 days ago
Zeshan ShahzadI hope soon we will be able to develop such computers in Middle East. That will be a real technological leap for us; from being a User to be a Producer.
2823 days ago
YahyaDear Sir / Madam, I just like to point out that DOE stands for Department Of Energy, and not Department of Environment as stated in your article of the Saudi super computer ranking 14th most powerful. Regards,
2824 days ago
pink sipmiI mean, the brits and yanks model the weather and nuclear explosions. Israel models nuclear explosions. France models nuclear explosions. I don't think theSaudi's need that much computer to redict that it will be sunny and hot every day.


text:
@Extension public interface BoundingBox3D extends BoundingBox
those of Envelope
. It provides convenience methods to assist
in accessing the formal properties of this object.
This object contains no additional information beyond that provided
by Envelope
Modifier and Type | Method and Description |
boolean |
contains(double x,
double y,
double z)
true if the provided location is contained by this bounding box. |
double |
Provides the maximum ordinate along the third axis.
double |
Provides the minimum ordinate along the third axis.
void |
include(double x,
double y,
double z)
Includes the provided coordinates, expanding as necessary.
BoundingBox |
toBounds(CoordinateReferenceSystem targetCRS)
Transforms this box to the specified CRS and returns a new bounding box for the
transformed shape.
contains, contains, contains, getHeight, getMaxX, getMaxY, getMinX, getMinY, getWidth, include, include, intersects, isEmpty, setBounds
getCoordinateReferenceSystem, getDimension, getLowerCorner, getMaximum, getMedian, getMinimum, getSpan, getUpperCorner
double getMinZ()
.double getMaxZ()
.void include(double x, double y, double z)
- The first ordinate value.y
- The second ordinate value.z
- The third ordinate value.boolean contains(double x, double y, double z)
if the provided location is contained by this bounding box.
Note that there is no guarantee that the (x, x) values are
oriented toward (East, North),
since it depends on the envelope CRS.x
- The first ordinate value.y
- The second ordinate value.z
- The second ordinate value.true
if the given position is inside this bounds.BoundingBox toBounds(CoordinateReferenceSystem targetCRS) throws TransformException
Example: if box
is a bounding box using a geographic CRS with WGS84 datum, then one can write:
Be aware thatGeographicCRS targetCRS = crsAuthorityFactory.createGeographicCRS("EPSG:4326"); BoundingBox targetBox = box.toBounds(targetCRS); double minEasting = targetBox.getMinY(); double minNorthing = targetBox.getMinX();
has (latitude, longitude)
axis order, thus the inversion of X and Y in the above code.
Sophesticated applications will typically provide more efficient way to perform similar transformations in their context. For example Canvas store precomputed objective to display transforms.
in interface BoundingBox
- The target CRS for the bounding box to be returned.TransformException
- if no transformation path has been found from
this box CRS to the specified
target CRS, or if the transformation failed for an other reason.Copyright © 1996–2017 Geotools. All rights reserved.


text:
Sponsored by: |
March 18, 2010
Mobile Learning: Trends and Challenges
March 23, 2010, 2 p.m. Eastern
Join our guests for an interactive discussion of mobile-learning initiatives and their academic merits.
Sponsored by: CDW-G
Education Week's Spotlight on Technology in the Classroom brings together a collection of articles hand-picked by our editors for their insights on educational uses for cellphones, teaching with games and simulations, virtual field trips, and more.
For past issues, select from the drop-down menu.
Get more stories and free e-newsletters!
- Middle School Math Teacher - Abu Dhabi Public Schools
- Teach Away Inc., Ab, United Arab Emirates
- Superintendent of Schools
- Yorktown Central School District, Yorktown Heights, NY
- Director of Partnerships
- World Savvy, Multiple Locations
- Principal
- St. Francis Catholic High School, Sacramento, CA
- Middle School and High School Science Teacher - Abu Dhabi Public Schools
- Teach Away Inc., Ab, United Arab Emirates


text:
Durban Flights by British Airways
Book your flights to Durban with British Airways for an amazing holiday in South Africa.
By using ba.com you agree to the use of cookies.
Accept cookies and close this message.Book your flights to Durban with British Airways for an amazing holiday in South Africa.
Durban is Africa's busiest port and South Africa's third largest city with a mesmeric overtone of African culture mixed with Indian and colonial influence. Discover the heart of Zulu culture and the beauty of the KwaZulu-Natal region, defining Durban as a destination for culture and adventure.
Durban has vast nature reserves and heritage sites across the region, giving many opportunities to take part in recreational activities such as adventure biking, recreational fishing tours and visiting game reserves in the area. Durban also hosts many cultural and sporting events including the Comrades Marathon that is held between Durban and Pietermaritzburg.
Flights from London Heathrow (LHR) to Durban King Shaka International Airport (DUR) via Johannesburg take approximately 14hrs. Complimentary food and drinks are provided with award-winning service when flying to Durban with British Airways.
Find a British Airways flight for less, we'll refund the difference.
Fly with British Airways and enjoy award-winning service, excellent value for money and no hidden charges:


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Lucy Pargeter's Biography
Lucy Pargeter was born on 1 September 1977 in Nottingham.
Back to Top
Lucy Pargeter is most famous for playing barmaid Chas Dingle in the ITV1 soap Emmerdale.
When she was 17, wanting to be a dancer, she battled bulimia.
Before following her career as an actress, she was part of the girl group Paperdolls, who had a single Gonna Make You Blush.
Emmerdale was not Lucy Pargeter's first experience in acting in an ITV soap. She had previously been cast in the revival of Crossroads.
In 2013, Lucy Pargeter came third on I'm A Celebrity Get Me Out Of Here.
It was not her first experience of reality TV, she had once come third on Soapstar Superstar.
Lucy Pargeter and her partner football coach Rudi Coleano have a girl Lola.
In 2016, she announced that she was expecting twins, after a long process of IVF.
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Latest User CommentsAdd your comment


text:
The stock markets took a dive on Friday, the 20th anniversary of the Black Monday market crash of 1987, but fears that the market would tank again Monday were alleviated as traders erased a 100-point drop in the Dow at the market opening. By midday, stocks were trading up marginally, and the builder stocks were staging a rally.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average was up nearly 27 points by 1 p.m., and the the S&P SPDR home builders exhange traded fund was up 5.7% to $22.07. Individual builder stocks were up across the board, except for TOUSA, which was down to 65 cents per share, and Weyerhaeuser, which was off a bit more than 2%. Avatar, NVR and Standard Pacific were up in double digits, with the rest of the group trading up between 3% and 9%. Much of the gain was attributable to short-position covering, but there were rumors floating around the Street that one or more members of the builder group was about to announce a strategic investment from outside the building industry.
The market turnaround followed a big decline in stocks on Friday, caused largely by the sudden realization among traders and analysts that corporate earnings were not going to keep pace with the lofty estimates they had been working with.


text:
Tigh na Cathair
A traditional croft cottage in the remote scenic parish of Assynt. Within easy reach of some of Scotland's finest beaches and hill walks and popular with fishermen for the high hill lochs. This cottage offers a unique chance to explore and enjoy the last of Europe's true wilderness areas.
This property has been listed with Stilwell's Cottages Direct for 12 years
Use the zoom controls to view the map in more detail. You can also drag the map by clicking and moving your mouse at the same time.
Please phone Mr Ken Maclennan on (+44) 01666 822825
Don't forget to mention Stilwell's Cottages Direct when you call.
We would like to keep you informed with offers and promotions via email. Please add your contact details below if you would like to receive these:-


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Stainless steel open vented thermal store cylinders, for combining multiple heat sources in a variety of configurations. With rising fuel prices, looking for ways to lower home heating costs and save energy are now more important than ever. Many people are opting for renewable technologies to heat their homes. However, finding a way of combining several renewable technologies with traditional heating systems has proved very difficult, until now.
Product Features
- The store has been designed in such a way that it slows inlet water velocities ensuring multi-level temperature distribution
- High specification 1mm thick 2304 duplex stainless steel is utilised which resists all forms of corrosion
- Compression fittings on all connections (except 28mm) dramatically reduces fitting time for the installer and 40mm injected polyurethane foam insulation gives an exceptionally low standing heat loss, making the units highly efficient.


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Stoneman here and I'm not interested in the kind of foolishness that normally goes on at this website, like this preview article from yesterday: Marvel Releases 20 Second Guardians of the Galaxy Teaser as Alternative to Watching Jimmy Kimmel. No, I realize how serious entertainment reporting is and focus on the facts.
Marvel finally released the first official trailer for Guardians of the Galaxy tonight and here it is:
Guardians of the Galaxy opens in the US on August 1st, 2014.
From Marvel, the studio that brought you the global blockbuster franchises of Iron Man, Thor, Captain America and The Avengers, comes a new team—the Guardians of the Galaxy. An action-packed, epic space adventure, Marvel's "Guardians of the Galaxy" expands the Marvel Cinematic Universe into the cosmos, where brash adventurer Peter Quill finds himself the object of an unrelenting bounty hunt after stealing a mysterious orb coveted by Ronan, a powerful villain with ambitions that threaten the entire universe. To evade the ever-persistent Ronan, Quill is forced into an uneasy truce with a quartet of disparate misfits—Rocket, a gun-toting raccoon, Groot, a tree-like humanoid, the deadly and enigmatic Gamora and the revenge-driven Drax the Destroyer. But when Quill discovers the true power of the orb and the menace it poses to the cosmos, he must do his best to rally his ragtag rivals for a last, desperate stand—with the galaxy's fate in the balance.
Marvel's "Guardians of the Galaxy," which first appeared in comic books in Marvel Super-Heroes, Issue #18 (Jan. 1969), stars Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, featuring Vin Diesel as the voice of Groot, Bradley Cooper as the voice of Rocket, Lee Pace, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Djimon Hounsou, with John C. Reilly, Glenn Close as Nova Prime Rael and Benicio del Toro as The Collector.
James Gunn is the director of the film with Kevin Feige producing, and Louis D'Esposito, Victoria Alonso, Jeremy Latcham, Alan Fine and Stan Lee serve as executive producers. The story is by Nicole Perlman and James Gunn, with screenplay by James Gunn.


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With Instructables you can share what you make with the world, and tap into an ever-growing community of creative experts.
Tell us about yourself!
Exactly like yours except i used veneer and a nail instead of a pen tube
Itty Bitty Mini Forge
Curved laser bent wood
The illusionist heart locket


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Each month, Rated People connects over 50,000 homeowners with quality tradesmen - simply enter your job details in the form above to get started.
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He refused to sign a central contract and ditched the Caribbean League in favour of playing the Big bash. It was made clear that those who didn't play the Caribbean League wouldn't be considered for selection by the West Indies.
Its 'unconditional'. Its self explanatory.And what are those unconditional terms?


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School notifications go out to parents/students/faculty and staff - via phone and email, even in the case of emergency.
Please check your email to see if you receive our weekly calendar called Ramped Up.
If not, please contact us, we want to make sure we keep you in the loop!
The goal of our track and field program is to give each athlete the opportunity to reach his or her goals in a competitive setting that encourages excellence and commitment. Our staff of experienced coaches is dedicated to teaching the skills and conditioning that will help athletes achieve success.
Track and field is a team sport where each individual gives their best effort to achieve the overall team goals. Our team goal is always to be the best team in our region. We will only achieve that as each athlete is dedicated to coming to practice, working hard and preparing themselves mentally and physically for all competitions.
Highland High School
Track Meet Schedule
Friday, March 10 Intrasquad Meet @ Highland (All) 3:15 PM
Thursday, March 16 Ogden, Box Elder @ Highland (All) 3:30 PM
Thursday, March 23 JV Meet @ Box Elder (JV Only) 3:30 PM
Saturday, March 25 UHSTCA Invitational @ Copper Hills (Varsity) 8:00 AM
Thursday, April 6 All City Meet @ University of Utah (All) 3:30 PM
Friday, April 7 – Spring Break
Monday, April 17
Thursday, April 20 East, Highland @ Bountiful (All) 3:30 PM
Friday, April 21 Bulldog Invite @ Provo (Varsity) 3:30 PM
Saturday, April 29 Davis Invitational @ Kaysville (Varsity) 8:00 AM
Thursday, May 4 WX, Highland @ Bonneville (All) 3:30 PM
Fri/Sat, May 5 - 6 BYU Invitational @ BYU (Varsity) 8:00 AM
Wed/Thurs, May 10 - 11 Region Championships @ Ogden (Varsity) 3:00 PM
Tuesday, May 16 JV Region @ Woods Cross (JV Only) 3:30 PM
Fri/Sat, May 19 – 20 State Championships @ BYU (Qualifiers) 8:00 AM


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Voluntary Plan Advisory Group (VPAG)
The VPAG consists of Voluntary Plan (VP) employers, third-party administrators (TPA), and Employment Development Department (EDD) representatives, who meet twice-yearly to discuss VP issues and pending legislation, share common concerns, clarify VP claim procedures, and exchange ideas to improve the VP program. The EDD Voluntary Plan Group (VPG) actively participates in the VPAG.
To join the VPAG, contact the VPG at 916-653-6839 or send e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Enfield wide
20-22 Wenlock Road, N1 7GU
I can help!
I help women tired of being overweight, being on and off the diet and yoyo-ing to lose weight and keep it off by teaching them the right way to eat and helping with their habits and mindset.
I can make a bespoke eating plan for you, and work with you on your mindset so you're all set for change.
Or like my faceboook for easy digestible advice on weight loss.
I would love to meet you!
I do skype or in person - at athe cafe or at your place consultations.


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Winter is the season for mulled wine and spiced cider, for cuddling up next to an open fire and for spending time with family. But if you want to get out of the house this winter, there's a lot of things you can do.
Go to a music festival
Traditional music festival season may be over but Autumn is in no way a farewell to this simple joy. Top festival promoter ATP has two more events before the year is out. The Nightmare Before Christmas event starts on 30 November and lasts for three days. It's curated by Shellac of North America, and other bands playing include Neurosis and Wire. Tickets cost £180 for the three days, and they all include accommodation in private apartments. The smallest chalets take two people, so why not grab a friend and join in the fun? There's also an ATP event curated by The National, from 7-9 December. Tickets are sold out, but you may still be able to bag some from other outlets.
Make someone else's Christmas
You can volunteer for national charity Crisis in any number of roles, from performing general duties, to hairdressing, befriending, or helping provide healthcare. Or even better! - If you're a good singer or musician, why not volunteer your time to perform for people staying in the Crisis centre? More information about volunteering for Crisis is available on their website.
You can also volunteer with older people, or on helplines, during the festive season. TimeBank has an article about the different kinds of volunteering you can do here.
Go to a local Christmas play or pantomime
Christmas and pantomime go hand in hand. The z-list celebrities, the 'dames', the campness, the hapless sidekick… Are they even different stories? Everyone loves to hate Pantomime. Find your nearest panto with the Big Panto Guide.
See great West End-quality theatre shows near you
London's longest-running show is on tour for the first time this year. Agatha Christie's 'The Mousetrap' is touring across the UK – check here to see if it's coming anywhere near you, and to get tickets. 'Dirty Dancing' is currently showing in Liverpool but will be going to Wales and Edinburgh in November/December. The massively popular west-end show 'One Man, Two Guvnors' is on tour this Autumn across the UK. The show is going to Blackpool, Liverpool, and more besides. Check here for dates and tickets. Lastly, 'Oliver! 'which was a hit in the west-end just over ten years ago, is now back, and touring around the UK.
Relive your childhood with some winter magic
Hyde Park's Winter Wonderland is always a hugely popular event. The capital's best-known park becomes home to all things wintery and wonderful! There are some fantastic rides, a great traditional German Christmas market, an ice rink, a circus show, and this year there's a brand new 'Ice Kingdom' attraction. For those who don't feel the urge to get back in touch with their inner child, there are plenty of bars, mulled wine and spiced cider to go around. It opens on 23 November and finishes in early January next year.
If you fancy some festive cheer but you're not near London, there are a whole host of Christmas markets in Manchester, there's a huge one in Bath, and lots in Yorkshire. Find your nearest Christmas market in the UK here, or if you feel like going further and making a weekend of it, try German Christmas markets, grab a weekend break to Belgium with Eurostar.
- More about:
- Festive Events (including Carnivals)
- London
- Music
- Pantomime
- Performing Arts
- Railroad Traffic
- Retail
- Royal National Theatre
- Theatre
- Wine


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Loan Disclosure Statements
Federal law requires that an applicant for a mortgage loan be provided with a good faith estimate, commonly referred to as a HUD-1. Mortgage loan good-faith estimates disclose to prospective borrowers relevant information about their hoped-for loans. The California Business and Professions Code Section 10240(c) requires that the state's MLDS be furnished to mortgage applicants in addition to a HUD-1. The MLDS restates some information from the HUD-1 but also includes information not included on the federal form.
Required Financial Disclosures
The MLDS requires the borrower's name, address of the property and the real estate broker's information. Disclosure of costs and expenses associated with the loan are also part of the MLDS. Mortgage costs and expenses include broker commission, appraisal fees and loan discount fees or points. MLDS costs and expenses are presented in tabular form and mortgage brokers must also disclose any financial benefits being received. An MLDS also includes the loan's proposed interest rate, whether it's fixed or variable, the monthly payment, the total number of payments and the loan term.
Loan Information and Liens
The MLDS summarizes the information and includes any required down payment and required payoffs to creditors and lien holders. The total cash that will be received or paid at closing by the borrower is also listed on the MLDS. Plus, an MLDS lists all lien holders to which the borrower will be responsible after loan closing. Warning on the MLDS note that borrowers may be responsible for commissions, fees and expenses associated with the loan in cases of denial due to unlisted liens.
Balloon Payments and Fund Sources
MLDS also requires disclosure of loan balloon payment stipulations and warns of a balloon payment's implications. Possible mortgage balloon payment implications include expenses to arrange a new loan and foreclosure if balloon payments cannot be paid or refinanced. The MLDS also states that brokers must disclose whether loans are being made in whole or in part from broker-controlled funds. The form additionally discloses to prospective borrowers that it is not a loan commitment. Mortgage brokers and their borrowers must also sign and date the MLDS.


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Col. Hans Landa 12 inch figure Hot Toys Inglourious Bastards
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Col. Hans Landa 12 inch figure Hot Toys Inglourious Bastards
Hot Toys is proud to present the 1/6th scale Col. Hans Landa Collectible Figure from the Inglourious Basterds movie. The highly detailed Col. Hans Landa collectible is specially crafted based on the image of Christoph Waltz in the movie, highlighting the newly sculpted head, movie-accurate facial expression, Germany army uniform and detailed accessories.
The 1/6th scale Col. Hans Landa specially features:
- Newly sculpted head with authentic likeness of Christoph Waltz as Col. Hans Landa in the movie
- Approximately 29.5cm tall
- TrueType body with over 30 points of articulations
- Highly detailed hair sculpture
- Movie-accurate facial expression with detailed wrinkles and skin texture
- Five (5) pieces of interchangeable palms including:
- One (1) pair of open palms
- One (1) pair of relaxed palms (right palm for holding pistol or tobacco pipe)
- One (1) left palm for holding suitcase
- Each piece of head sculpt is specially hand-painted
- One (1) leather-like black trench coat
- One (1) set of Germany army uniform with badges including a grey-color shirt and pants
- One (1) long sleeved white under tee
- One (1) leather-like black belt with pistol pouch
- One (1) black and grey colored cap with badges
- One (1) pair of leather-like black boots
- One (1) pistol
- One (1) pair of grey gloves
- One (1) tobacco pipe
- One (1) leather-like suitcase
- Figure stand with Col. Hans Landa nameplate and movie logo
- Head Sculpted by Jeon Young Tae
- Head Painted by JC. Hong
- Head Art Directed by Kojun
- Prototype shown, final product may be slightly different
- All information is subject to change without prior notice.
Col. Hans Landa 12 inch figure Hot Toys Inglourious Bastards
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Revolutionary wearable sensor technology
Movement Sensor
Introducing a powerful, new technology that measures human movement like never before to give companies, clinics and athletes objective, easy to interpret data that can be turned into measurable results.
Our wearable sensors are paired with HD video to produce real time objective data. Assess Risk. Guide Interventions. Track Results.


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Many people are skeptical as to whether or not designer labels are worth the money. The quality can't possibly be that much better to justify $1000+ price tags, can it?
In truth, no, it can't. But designer labels aren't only about quality. When you buy a designer piece, you are buying a work of art. This is why fashion in general is so subjective, because art is subjective. Something that is worth millions to one person might only be worth a dollar to another person. Just like a Raf Parka may be worth the money for people who enjoy it as a piece of art, however, if someone doesn't enjoy that particular piece of art, then the parka will be worthless to them.
Designer labels create unique and artistic pieces. They take risks that fast fashion companies cannot afford to take. This means that you are buying something really special when you buy from a designer. But there are definitely some pieces that are not so special. These are the basics.
Buying designer basics is without a doubt not worth the money. They are not unique, and therefore have no special quality to them that any other high quality basic wouldn't have. However, they can often be more than double the price. This is because designer labels typically have a certain pricing structure that they adhere to. Designer items are priced in relation to the other pieces in the collection.
So, if you are debating whether or not a designer piece is worth the money, do not think of it how you would a typical clothing item. View it as art. Think about how much that artists work is really worth to you. Admittedly, designer clothing is not worth the money, the quality will not be far from a company such as John Elliot and their clothes cost half as much. However, by that logic, all paintings would have a similar worth regardless of their content, because they didn't cost much to make. But this is not true of paintings or fashion, because both are art forms, and therefore both are subjective.


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Java 7 Update 10 JRE Group Policy Deployment Customization?
Dec 28, 2012 4:53 AM
Can it be deployed using the extracted MSI file and also set the options for disabling the browser plugin and setting security level?
The release notes in the link below only explains how to do this using the exe file.
Are there any similar switches that can be added to the msi install for Active Directory Group Policy software installation that will configure options other than the defaults?
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Aug 28, 2013
2013-14 Schedule
The University of Minnesota men's basketball program, in conjunction with the Big Ten Conference, announced its 2014 conference schedule today. The schedule will include 18 conference games, nine of which will be played at the friendly confines of Williams Arena. Complete TV assignments will be announced at a later date.
Minnesota will open the conference season with a pair of home games for the second-consecutive season – Jan. 2 against the national runner-up Michigan Wolverines and a Jan. 5 game against Purdue. The Gophers will also host Ohio State (Jan. 16), Wisconsin (Jan. 22), Northwestern (Feb. 1), Indiana (Feb. 8), Illinois (Feb. 19), Iowa (Feb. 25) and Penn State (March 8 or 9) at The Barn. The Gophers will not play Nebraska and Michigan State this season in Minneapolis.
Minnesota will hit the road for conference games at Penn State (Jan. 8), at Michigan State (Jan. 11), at Iowa (Jan. 19), at Nebraska (Jan. 26), at Purdue (Feb. 5), at Wisconsin (Feb. 13), at Northwestern (Feb. 16), at Ohio State (Feb. 22) and at Michigan (March 1). The Gophers will not travel to Champaign, Ill., to play the Illini or Bloomington, Ind., to play the Hoosiers this season.
The Gophers will open the non-conference portion of their schedule with four of their first five games at Williams Arena, including the season-opening tilt against Lehigh University on Fri., Nov. 8. Minnesota will leave the Twin Cities for four games during the non-conference season, beginning with a trip to Richmond, Va., to finish the home-and-home series. The Gophers defeated Richmond 72-57 last season in Minneapolis.
Minnesota will play three games in Maui at the Lahaina Civic Center as part of the 2013 EA SPORTS Maui Invitational Nov. 25-27. The Gophers open play on Nov. 25 against Syracuse University on ESPN2 and will play either the University of Arkansas or the University of California in the second round. The remaining field includes Baylor, Dayton, Gonzaga and Chaminade.
Minnesota will play host to Florida State in the 2013 Big Ten/ACC Challenge on Dec. 3. The Gophers and Seminoles will be meeting for the ninth time in each school's history, including the second-straight matchup in the Challenge. Minnesota defeated FSU 77-68 last season at the Tucker Center in Tallahassee. In all, the schools have met a total of four times as part of the Big Ten/ACC Challenge.
The Maroon and Gold's season officially begins on Fri., Nov. 1, in an exhibition matchup with the Wolves from Cardinal Stritch University, the reigning NAIA Division II National Champions. Minnesota's other exhibition game will be Mon., Nov. 4 against Concordia-St. Paul.
Minnesota returns its top two scorers from a team that finished the 2012-13 season 21-13 overall, including a win over UCLA in the second round of the NCAA Tournament.
Pitino, Mason Add NABC Honors
Gophers pick up coach of the year and second-team All-District 7 honors Wednesday.
Washington Named Mr. New York Basketball
Incoming Gophers point guard was selected the top high school player in the Empire State this season.
Gophers Fall to MTSU in NCAA First Round, 81-72
Amir Coffey had 17 points to lead Minnesota, while Dupree McBrayer added 16.


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Hi Friends,
I hope the Winter transition will offer you time to slow down and savor the blessing of your life.. to spend time with loved ones or notice what you are grateful for.
I will be away from 12/26 through January 2. This means that all Peacegate Mon-Thurs classes are cancelled for 12/26, 27, 28, 29 & 1/2. All other scheduled classes at the Airport and Mansion House will meet, with substitute teachers. Both (Yoga Barn) Christmas Sunday and New Year's Sunday are cancelled. I return to teach all regularly scheduled classes on Tuesday January 3.
May you see, feel and know the peace and union with all beings, that is real and true always.


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feels like coming home
"Unfold your own myth."
Spring Session Coming Soon
Session starts March 5th. In addition to all the old favorites, new on the schedule: Wee Yogis, Youth Yoga & iRest, and Well Being Yoga Therapy.
Yoga Intensive: Rendezvous with Ropes
This is a great practice for hips and backs, no yoga experience needed.
Yoga - Family Style
This class was so much fun, we thought we'd do it again! Join Pam Saturday, April 15, last one sold out!
Adult Classes
New to yoga or practicing for awhile, Maha has something for you! What Maha has to offer: well trained and dedicated teachers individual attention, guidance and adjustments as needed wide range of quality props for modifications and support clean
Youth Classes
Know a young one who would enjoy a little yoga in their life? Maha Yoga is the place to be! We care about the children and youth in our community and are dedicated to bringing the practice of yoga and
iRest® Yoga Nidra
This is meditation at it's finest… "In the end, we realize how simple life is when we accept this moment, just as it is, without pretending to be other than who we are. This is grace in action and the
1:1 with Pam Roberts, Certified iRest® Teacher
What does a 1:1 session have to offer you? Pam has been teaching for over a decade and has acquired over 1000 hours of formal training. Her extensive training, teaching experience and personal life experience has supported her in developing an
Read moreWhat Students Say
I have taken classes from Pam for several years. She is a gifted teacher. She combines her knowledge of various yoga practices, Reiki, and her teaching background in a way that enlivens the body and awakens the soul. Rev. Laura Sundberg
Pam is the kindest person I know. She fosters an environment where students are supportive of one another. I don't feel self-conscious when I'm not able to go as deeply into a pose that another student can because Pam reminds us that each day is a new day. What your body could do yesterday may not be the same thing it can do today, or today might be the day that your body accomplishes what it couldn't last week. Pam is intuitive and she is able to read the energy of her classes; she encourages her students to accept everything as it happens, that suffering exists when we don't accept what is. My life is profoundly different than it was six years ago. I thank Pam and the other teachers and students of Maha Yoga for the roles that they have played in my journey.


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Numéro de publication | US7313437 B2 |
Type de publication | Octroi |
Numéro de demande | US 11/064,793 |
Date de publication | 25 déc. 2007 |
Date de dépôt | 24 févr. 2005 |
Date de priorité | 27 févr. 2004 |
État de paiement des frais | Payé |
Autre référence de publication | US20050192641 |
Numéro de publication | 064793, 11064793, US 7313437 B2, US 7313437B2, US-B2-7313437, US7313437 B2, US7313437B2 |
Inventeurs | Peter Nicholas Jordan, David Jon Christini |
Cessionnaire d'origine | Cornell Research Foundation, Inc. |
Exporter la citation | BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan |
Citations de brevets (12), Citations hors brevets (29), Référencé par (1), Classifications (6), Événements juridiques (3) | |
Liens externes: USPTO, Cession USPTO, Espacenet | |
This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/548,714, filed Feb. 27, 2004.
This invention pertains to a method and system that can be used to detect and eliminate unwanted dynamics in real-world, low-dimensional dynamical systems. More specifically, the present invention relates to a real-time detection technique and a real-time, adaptive, model-independent control technique for detecting and stabilizing pathological physiological rhythms, such as repolarization alternans, on the basis of the rate dependence of cardiac tissue.
At slow heart rates in healthy hearts, the cardiac action potential (AP) in any given cell has a relatively constant duration on a beat-to-beat basis. Degeneration of this normal period-1 AP rhythm into higher-period or aperiodic rhythms may be closely linked to the initiation of spatiotemporal cardiac arrhythmias such as fibrillation.
Many of these cardiac arrhythmias can be characterized on the basis of the physical principles of nonlinear dynamics. Model-independent nonlinear dynamical control techniques therefore have been applied to periodic and aperiodic cardiac rhythms in an attempt to control these rhythm disturbances to restore the normal period-1 behavior.
Many of the model-independent control techniques that have previously been used to control cardiac dynamics stem from the Ott-Grebogi-Yorke (OGY) technique for controlling chaotic systems. OGY chaos control, however, requires sufficient observation of the chaotic system trajectory prior to the initiation of control so that the dynamics of the system can be learned. This allows the control algorithm to estimate the location and stability characteristics of the period-1 fixed point of the system. Control is then initiated by applying small perturbations to an accessible system parameter in an attempt to force the state of the system towards the period-1 fixed point. Applied to the heart, the most accessible system parameter available for perturbation is the timing of the next excitation, which can be advanced or (in some situations) delayed through low-magnitude current stimulation. The period between successive excitations is commonly referred to as the basic cycle length (BCL).
OGY-type control algorithms have been applied to rabbit ventricle preparations exhibiting pharmacologically induced, aperiodic (possibly chaotic) interbeat intervals. The aperiodic nature of the rhythm allowed the electrophysiological dynamics to be learned, because the system repeatedly visited the neighborhood of the target period-1 fixed point. The inter-beat intervals were successfully controlled to a period-3 rhythm, but the desired period-1 rhythm was not obtained. In another study of aperiodic dynamics, a cardiac-specific control algorithm applied to a simulated chaotic action potential duration (APD) time series was successful in controlling to the unstable period-1 rhythm at certain excitation rates.
The control algorithms used in both of the aforementioned studies require pre-control learning stages. Such learning stages may be clinically unacceptable because they could result in a dangerous delay in the termination of an arrhythmia. An additional problem with algorithms requiring a learning stage is that they are not generally applicable to stable periodic rhythms; For example, period-2 or higher-period rhythms typically do not visit the neighborhood of the unstable period-1 fixed point, and thus do not provide sufficient information for learning the stability characteristics of the period-1 fixed point. This problem is critical given that controlling periodic cardiac rhythms such as alternans (a period-2 alternation in the duration of a particular cardiac measurement) may be important, as experiments and computational models have demonstrated such rhythms to be causally linked to conduction block and the initiation of reentry.
Chaos control techniques that do not require a learning stage have thus been developed to control periodic systems. Delayed feedback control (DFC) algorithms have been used in a variety of modeling and experimental studies. These methods typically require (i) knowledge of the state of the system for a short time history, and (ii) a basic understanding of the system dynamics to ensure that the control perturbations are of the correct magnitude and polarity. These two elements allow the periodic rhythm to be stabilized by continuous adjustment of the accessible system parameter.
Both unrestricted DFC (which allow both lengthening and shortening of the BCL during control) and restricted DFC algorithms (which allow only shortening of the BCL) have been applied to cardiac rhythm disturbances. Unrestricted DFC has been used experimentally to control APD alternans in bullfrog heart preparations. Provided that the feedback proportionality constant in the algorithm was within an appropriate range of values, the period-2 alternans rhythm was successfully controlled to the underlying unstable period-1 rhythm. Unrestricted DFC has also been applied to control spatiotemporal APD alternans in simulated 1-dimensional Purkinj e fibers.
Restricted DFC algorithms have been used to control atrio-ventricular (AV) node conduction alternans, a beat-to-beat alternation in the conduction time through the AV node, in rabbit heart preparations in vitro and human subjects in vivo. In both cases, AV node conduction alternans was successfully controlled to the underlying unstable period-1 fixed point. Restricting the control scheme to apply only unidirectional (shortening) perturbations to the excitation rate was found to increase the range of values of the feedback proportionality constant over which the period-1 fixed point could be stabilized.
When DFC algorithms are used to control periodic rhythms, rapid convergence to the period-1 rhythm is achievable only if the feedback proportionality constant is at or near an optimal value that is not known a priori. The optimal value of the feedback constant is a function of the degree of instability of the fixed point, making determination of the optimal value during periodic rhythms difficult. Algorithms containing a learning stage, during which external perturbations are applied to the system in order to explore the neighborhood of the period-1 fixed point, can be used to estimate this optimal value. Another limitation of existing DFC algorithms is that they fail if the proportionality constant lies outside an acceptable range of values that is not known a priori. While algorithms that iteratively adapt the feedback constant to achieve control do exist, such algorithms are sensitive to the noise and nonstationarities that are typically present in experiments.
Existing model-independent algorithms for the control of cardiac electrophysiological dynamics all share the OGY requirement of estimating some characteristics of the fixed-point dynamics. Although such algorithms have proved effective for controlling APD alternans, an alternative approach that requires no assumptions or estimations of the fixed-point dynamics is desirable.
The invention provides such an approach. These and other advantages of the invention, as well as additional inventive features, will be apparent from the description of the invention provided herein.
In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides a control method that capitalizes on the rate dependence of excitable tissue such as cardiac tissue, neuronal tissue, and the like to control both periodic and aperiodic temporal rhythm disturbances to the underlying unstable period-1 rhythm. The control method of the present invention does not require the dynamics of the system to be learned, and it can be applied to control both noisy and drifting AP rhythms. Numerical simulations comparing the control method of the present invention with existing methods demonstrate that rapid convergence to the period-1 rhythm can be achieved over a wide range of parameter values with the present invention.
Unlike other control methods, which require a number of beats to locate the period-1 fixed point, the control method of the present invention locates the period-1 fixed point nearly instantaneously, rapidly eliminating any higher-period or aperiodic rhythms.
The present invention can also be applied to control realistic rhythm disturbances occurring at non-constant cycle lengths.
Other aspects, objectives and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
While the invention will be described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, there is no intent to limit it to those embodiments. On the contrary, the intent is to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
The present invention provides a real-time detection technique and a real-time, adaptive, model-independent control technique for detecting and stabilizing pathological physiological rhythms, such as repolarization alternans, on the basis of the rate dependence of excitable tissue such as cardiac and neuronal tissue. In the description that follows, the invention shall be described using cardiac tissue. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention may be used with other types of excitable tissue. The rate dependence of cardiac tissue is typically expressed through the restitution relation, the unique relationship existing between the nth diastolic interval (DIn) and the n+1th action potential duration (APDn+1), where n is the beat number.
At step 220, the process waits until the end of the next AP pulse; i.e. until APDn+1 has elapsed and then waits an additional interval equal to the diastolic interval of the previous pulse; i.e., DIn. At step 225, stimulation is applied so as to induce another AP pulse. In this way, the DI following APDn+1, namely DIn+1 is controlled to be the same as the prior diastolic interval, DIn. The process repeats by looping back to step 205.
Existing delayed feedback control (DFC) algorithms target the period-1 fixed point at the original cycle length by making progressively smaller perturbations to the cycle length. An adaptive DI (ADI) control technique in accordance with the present invention involves selecting an initial target DI and then adjusting this value on a beat-to-beat basis until the sum of the target DI and subsequent APD is equal to the original basic cycle length BCL* (i.e., DIn+APDn+1=BCL*).
Given any non-period-1 APD rhythm occurring at a constant cycle length BCL*, ADI control can be initiated at any time provided that BCLn<BCL*, where BCLn=DIn+APDn+1. If this criterion is satisfied, DIn becomes the target DI. The first ADI control perturbation is thus applied a short time (of duration DIn) after APDn+1. After the first control perturbation is applied, each successive DI is adjusted according to the following control rule:
DI n+1 =DI n +α[BCL*−BCL n], (1)
where α is a constant between 0 and 1 which controls the rate at which DIn changes. Provided that the starting criterion BCLn<BCL* is met, this control rule adaptively lengthens the target DI on a beat-to-beat basis such that the difference between the present cycle length (BCLn) and the original cycle length (BCL*) is reduced. When BCLn=BCL*, the period-1 rhythm will have been restored at the original cycle length BCL*.
Initiating ADI control when BCLn<BCL* and then progressively lengthening the cycle length until the original cycle length is reached assumes that it is not possible to excite the system at a rate slower than some intrinsic systemic rate. Such unidirectional perturbations constitute a restricted form of ADI control. However, if bi-directional perturbations to the cycle length are possible, unrestricted ADI control may be initiated at any time, as both shortening and lengthening of the cycle length are allowed with the same control method.
An exemplary embodiment of an ADI control method in accordance with the present invention has been compared to a restricted delayed feedback control (DFC) method applicable to cardiac AP rhythm disturbances. The restricted DFC method involves perturbing the BCL on a beat-to-beat basis according to the following rule:
ΔBCL n=λ(APD n −APD n−1), (3)
In the above equations, BCL* is the pacing period without control and λ is the constant feedback gain.
In comparing the method of the present invention to the above DFC method, single-cell simulations were performed using the Fox-McHarg-Gilmour canine ventricular myocyte (CVM) model and two one-dimensional map models using custom programs written in C. All simulations conducted with the CVM model were repeated using the Luo-Rudy 1 (LR1) ionic model. For brevity, not all results from the LR1 simulations are shown. Unless otherwise noted, LR1 results were qualitatively similar to those obtained with the CVM model. For the CVM and LR1 models, forward Euler numerical integration schemes were used for all simulations, with time steps of 0.0025 ms for the CVM model and 0.01 ms for the LR1 model. We set gNa=16.0 μS/cm2, gsi=0.06 μS/cm2, and gK=0.432 μS/cm2 in the LR 1 model.
The restitution curve of the 1-dimensional Hall-Gauthier (HG) map model is
APD n+1=392.0−525.3 exp(−DI n/40.0). (5)
The restitution curve of the 1-dimensional Watanabe-Gilmour (WG) map model is
Drift was introduced to the HG map model by shifting the restitution curve slightly after each beat. The drifting map model was
APD n+1=392.0−525.3 exp[−DI n/(40.0+φn)], (7)
where φn+1=φn+0.35 and φ0=0.
Noise can be added to the HG map model by adding a random term to the restitution curve. A drifting, noisy version of the HG restitution curve is
APD n+1=392.0−525.3 exp[−DI n/(40.0+φn)]+ζn, (8)
where φn+1=φn+0.35 and φ0=0. In Equation 8, ζn is a normally distributed variable with a mean of zero and a constant standard deviation.
To simulate a sequence of randomly fluctuating cycle lengths in the CVM model, a normally distributed random term with a mean of zero and a constant standard deviation can be added to the diastolic interval between each beat.
The utility of the ADI control algorithm for eliminating rhythm disturbances in spatially extended cardiac tissue was tested by applying it to control a period-2 APD alternans rhythm occurring in a 1-dimensional Purkinje fiber. The fiber model was identical to that used by Echebarria and Karma, who performed similar simulations using an unrestricted DFC algorithm.
Briefly, the fiber model can be defined by the 1-dimensional cable equation
where V is the membrane potential, D is the diffusion constant of the tissue, Iion is the sum of the transmembrane ionic currents, Istim is the externally applied stimulus current, and Cm is the membrane capacitance. To be consistent with Echebarria and Karma, the Noble Purkinje fiber model with D=0.00025 cm2/ms, and Cm=12 μF/cm2 was used. The cable length was varied between 0.5 cm and 5 cm in steps of 0.5 cm. Each length of cable was paced at cycle lengths between 270 ms and 150 ms, starting at 270 ms and then stepping down in increments of 5 ms after 200 stimuli at each BCL. APD was calculated at a threshold of −40 mV. All simulations were carried out using a forward Euler integration scheme, with a temporal step size of 0.05 ms and a spatial step size of 0.01 cm.
Now that the principles of the invention have been described, experimental results shall now be discussed.
As shown in
The rate at which the AP adjusts to a constant morphology after initiation of DI control is dependent upon memory. Memory is the slowly accumulating and dissipating influence of BCL on APD and has a time course on the order of seconds or minutes. If the AP is strongly dependent upon the stimulation history, the AP may take a number of beats to adjust to a constant repeating morphology during DI control. However, if little or no memory is present, the AP will adjust almost instantaneously to a unique value corresponding to the target DI.
Taking the same period-2 rhythm illustrated in
The convergence rates for the ADI and DFC algorithms are governed by the values of the proportionality constants α and λ, respectively.
ADI control in accordance with the present invention also successfully tracks a drifting period-1 fixed point in the presence of normally distributed, randomly varying noise.
In the simulations illustrated in
Even in the presence of large-amplitude noise, the control method of the present invention tracks the drifting period-1 fixed point effectively. Notably, ADI control also successfully converges to the underlying unstable period-1 fixed point of a constant-BCL chaotic APD time series, as shown in
Existing control algorithms have focused on controlling action potential rhythms occurring at a constant BCL to the underlying period-1 fixed point of that BCL. Given that the excitation rate is unlikely to be constant during a real arrhythmia (i.e., in vivo), it is desirable to control an aperiodic non-constant-BCL AP activity in the CVM model with the ADI control of the present invention to establish a period-1 rhythm at a specific target BCL. Beats 21 to 100 in
Given that the control algorithm cannot affect the premature spontaneous beats (shown as crosses in
To be useful clinically, arrhythmia control algorithms must work not only in isolated cells but also in the spatially extended heart. The ability to eliminate alternans in the heart is potentially of great importance, given the evidence linking alternans, conduction block, and initiation of reentry. To investigate spatial control of APD alternans, the ADI control method of the present invention has also been applied to one end of a spatially extended 1-dimensional Purkinje fiber cable model exhibiting a period-2 APD alternans rhythm.
In the simulations of
These results suggest that the ability to suppress alternans or higher-order rhythms in a spatially extended system when controlling from one site is independent of the control method used. However, both the DFC and ADI methods use information about the system from the control site only to make decisions about when to apply the next stimulus. Thus, improved control may be possible by utilizing information about the dynamics occurring far from the control site.
A block diagram of an exemplary system 1000 for implementing the invention is shown in
Computer 1002 typically includes at least some form of computer readable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory, or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media.
It can be seen from the foregoing that a cardiac adaptive diastolic interval (ADI) control algorithm that attempts to restore a period-1 rhythm to a tissue exhibiting a pathologic higher-period or aperiodic rhythm has been presented. This method does not require any knowledge or estimation (either before or during control) of the fixed-point dynamics, can be used to control both periodic and aperiodic rhythms to the period-1 rhythm, and is robust to drift and noise. The ADI control of the invention presents an alternative method for controlling both periodic and aperiodic rhythm disturbances. ADI control was tested on a variety of models exhibiting an array of characteristic behaviors, as each model alone is an imperfect approximation to real cardiac myocytes. These simulations indicate that the ADI control algorithm may be therapeutically preferable to existing control strategies, as control rapidly converges to the period-1 rhythm over at least as wide, and in some cases wider, range of feedback parameter values compared to existing DFC algorithms. When applied to real cardiac tissue, it is possible that the ranges of feedback parameter values over which DFC and ADI control succeed may be quantitatively different from the ranges obtained in our simulations. If that is the case, the control algorithm has to guess the value of the feedback parameter value prior to control initiation. Our simulations suggest that the feedback parameter regime resulting in control success may be larger in some situations with ADI control than with restricted DFC. Therefore, an initial estimate for the feedback parameter value should more likely lead to control success with ADI control than with DFC.
In the foregoing description, ADI control was initiated only when the inequality DIn+APDn+1<BCL was satisfied. This inequality assumes that it is not possible to excite the tissue at a rate slower than some intrinsic systemic rate. This condition ensures that each subsequent DI is lengthened until the original cycle length is reached, provided a small enough value of the proportionality constant α is chosen. Such unidirectional perturbations constitute a restricted form of ADI control. However, if bidirectional perturbations to the cycle length are possible, unrestricted ADI control may be initiated at any time, as both shortening and lengthening of the cycle length are allowed with the same control algorithm (as shown in
ADI control is somewhat similar to the "demand pacing" approach in which the heart is stimulated at a particular BCL if it has not yet spontaneously beat. However, ADI control is fundamentally different in that it initiates pacing not at a constant BCL but at a constant DI. Thus, while demand pacing at any BCL within the APD alternans regime causes (rather than eliminates) alternans, ADI control eliminates alternans by adaptively changing the BCL on a beat-to-beat basis.
The ADI control methodology of the invention use information about the system (e.g., APD and DI) only from the control site to make decisions about when to apply the next stimulus. Improved control may be possible by utilizing information about the dynamics occurring some distance away from the control site. Similarly, applying local control to many positions in a tissue may present a way of improving spatiotemporal control of electrophysiological rhythm disturbances.
It is to be understood that while the present invention has been described above in conjunction with preferred specific embodiments, the description is intended to illustrate and not to limit the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims. Indeed, various modifications of the invention in addition to those described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and the accompanying figures. Such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. It is further to be understood that all values are to some degree approximate, and are provided for purposes of description.
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US20140243695 * | 28 juin 2012 | 28 aoűt 2014 | Duke University | Method and system for evaluating stability of cardiac propagation reserve |
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