text:
Shengen Visa
Necessary information for any person applying for a visa to Poland:
Use the link below to check whether your country is on the list of states not requiring a visa:
www.msz.gov.pl/en/travel_to_poland/entering_poland/visa_free/ If your country is not on this list, it means that you do need a visa to Poland.
Basic information concerning a visa to Poland:
Poland is in the Schengen Area. Every foreigner may choose a visa entitling them to stay in Poland for up to 90 days – C- type Schengen visa. In addition, C-type Schengen visas may include only Poland, or selected, or all Schengen countries.
Follow the steps 1-10 below to obtain a visa to Poland:
1. Sign up for the selected ESA course(s). Choose a course from the schedule and go through the registration process using the following link: http://euseca.co.uk/courses/esa-uk-european-security-academy-courses-schedule
2. After signing up for a course, send all the necessary documents to the ESA UK office (firstname.lastname@example.com ).
3. Pay 100% fee for a selected course. The tab/ how to make payment at the above link includes the bank account details. If you do not obtain a visa, you will get FULL reimbursement.
Congratulations! You have signed up for a course. Now, we can start a visa process.
4. After sending us all the required documents and paying the course fee, an employee of our office ( Miss Kamila Ossowska) will start the application process of an invitation for a foreigner. This application is submitted in the Lower Silesian Governor's Office. Getting an invitation takes 7-14 days.
5. In the meantime, while waiting for our invitation, you should contact the Polish Embassy in your country. You may apply for the Schengen visa directly on the website www.msz.gov.pl/en/ministry_of_foreign_affairs using the following link:https://secure.e-konsulat.gov.pl/ or via contacting the closest Polish Embassy in a given country by phone.
ATTENTION: If there is no Polish embassy in your country, search for/ make contact with:
a) The nearest Foreign Consular office (in a neighboring country) dedicated to Polish affairs.
b) An office responsible for Polish affair.
6. After correct completion of a visa application, you should establish the date of a meeting in the embassy in order to obtain a visa to Poland. (While arranging a specific meeting date, take into account the fact that it takes approx. four weeks until you will receive an invitation from us and we send it to your country.)


text:
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 1920 – 1972
not titled [River, fields and hills].
Collection Title: Sketchbook mainly of portraits, figures, urban scenes and reproductions of classical works in Italy and England
Page: Leaf 37 recto.
Materials & Technique:
drawings, sketchbooks, ink; paper drawing in brush and brown ink Support: paper

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Cisco Capital has established operations in Mexico, expanding its financing capabilities in Latin America.
Cisco plans to provide direct local financing to customers, beginning in Mexico, complementing its existing network of financing partners in the region.
"This represents a significant milestone for Cisco Capital and our customers in Latin America," said Kristine A. Snow, president of Cisco Capital. "This is the first time we have had direct operations in this region, which will help Mexican businesses acquire new technologies with flexible and competitive direct financing options, including local currency offers."


text:
total posts: 23
Derby Day is right around the corner! This mint julep is simple and so refreshing.
Savory baked steel-cut oatmeal with caramelized onion and goat cheese.
The "Apollo" Cocktail made with St. George Terroir Gin, Sage and Fresh Ginger
Easy Avgolemono Soup: Greek Chicken and Rice soup with lemon and egg.
The blueprint for a perfectly simple and delicious grain bowl!
Molly Wizenberg's, rich, decadent "Winning Hearts and Minds Cake"
Ottolenghi's Stuffed Grape Leaves with Lamb and Minted Yogurt Dressing
Pear, Gorgonzola and Thyme Galette with McConnell's Sweet Cream Ice Cream.
Heirloom Tomato and Ricotta and Goat Cheese Tart
Israeli Couscous, Asparagus and Mushroom salad with Red Wine Vinaigrette
The best of summer on a plate - Heirloom Tomato and Burrata Caprese Salad.
Too many summer tomatoes? No problem! This bright, fresh and spicy Tomato Water Bloody Mary with Hot Pepper Infused Vodka will do the trick {cocktail recipe}
Quick and easy Cedar Planked Salmon with Sriracha-Ponzu Glaze.
Ponzu-Marinated Shrimp Skewers with Nectarine Chutney
Rosemary-Thyme-Basil Herb Salt: a great way to enjoy abundant summer herbs throughout the rest of the year!
Smooth, strong and sweet ~ Cherry Drop Martini.
When the temperatures start to rise, this Lavender-Thyme Lemonade Fizz is the perfect sparkling sipper! {cocktail recipe}
This hearty Purple Kale and Farro Salad is so healthy and it's hearty enough to be a complete meal! Perfect for Meatless Mondays! {recipe}
Blackberry, Hot Pepper and Lavender-Vanilla Infused Vodkas. You won't believe how easy it is to make these infused vodkas for your next cocktail party! {recipe}
Still using your leftover Easter ham? These soft, buttery, Savory Ham and Cheese Scones are a perfect weekend breakfast treat!
Cucumber Basil Gin Martini made with Citadelle Gin--refreshing and perfect for the warm summer days ahead!
Heart healthy Triple Berry Refrigerator Oatmeal is so filling and delicious you'll want to eat it every day! I know I do!
This seasonal Arugula and Golden Beet salad with Grapefruit Vinaigrette perfectly bridges the gap between late winter and early spring!


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Evarn Covich gets behind the controls of the 25.7-tonne Kobelco SK260LC-10 excavator at a site on the Gold Coast.+MORE
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text:
After recently informing the world that his new project Year Of The Dragon will be a free album, Busta announced today that it will be released on August 21st. You've heard 'King Tut' and 'Doin It Again' so expect more good vibes from the legend in two weeks.
#YEAROFTHEDRAGON IS DROPPIN' AUG.21ST FOR FREE!!! EXCLUSIVE ONLY ON#GOOGLEPLAY#THECONGLOMERATE#YMCMB#KINGTUT#DOIN'ITAGAIN— Busta Rhymes (@BusaBusss) August 8, 2012
UPDATE: Check out the full tracklist after the jump via Shaheem Reid. Features include Trey Songz, Rick Ross, Gucci Mane, Lil Wayne, Robin Thicke, Cam'ron, and more.


text:
FRISCO-The RoughRiders used the longball to account for five runs Friday night and snapped the Missions winning streak at five games in front of 6,985 at Dr. Pepper Ballpark.
J.T. Wise slugged a three-run homer off Michael Dimock to break a 4-4 tie with two outs in the eighth.
The minor leagues top homerun hitter, Joey Gallo, connected on a two-run shot off James Needy earlier in the game. Gallo has homered in four straight games and has hit 35 on the season.
San Antonio couldn't hold an early 3-0 lead as Needy continued his recent struggles.
The righty allowed five runs and a career high six walks in his last start. He struggled to get ahead of the count Friday and labored through five innings, allowing three runs while walking three.
Needy has a 5.20 ERA over his five starts this month.
The Missions remain three games back of first-place Midland.
Notebook: Cory Spangenberg established a team-high by hitting in his 11th straight game. He has six straight multi-hit efforts and has a league-best .388 average for the month
Next Up: Monday Missions RH Joe Ross (1-0, 4.50) @ Frisco RH Alec Asher (8-9, 3.86) 7:05 PM
Radio: KONO 860 AM
Top Stories on MiLB.com
- With Tebow on roster, Fireflies glow brighter
- Nationals' Fedde outduels Mets' Gsellman
- Hoffman, Bauers heading back to Minors
- Astros Prospect Primer: Martes at the top
- Tigers Prospect Primer: Stewart slugs on
- Phillies' Pivetta talks WBC on podcast
- Royals Prospect Primer: Arms in focus
- Roundup: Sisco makes difference for Orioles


text:
Adapted from TransformationZ Stress Reduction Program
Negative emotions. We all have them, and we all wish to be rid of them!
Would you like to learn a way to release negative feelings and emotions in the privacy of your own home?
Sit down in a quiet room, and make yourself relaxed. Close your eyes and take a few deep, relaxing breaths. Begin to imagine that you are walking up a mountain. You are on a well worn path that is very comfortable. The air is clear and crisp and you feel wonderful.
Now imagine that you come to a clearing and it is time to rest. Find a nice spot to sit down. Take another deep breath. Look all around at the beautiful scene. You are safe and secure, ready to release the negative attachments that have been so burdensome. You never realized how easy it could be, for all that you need to do is speak your truth and let your words be carried by the echo of the canyon.
Trust your deep wise mind to guide you towards the words that will be most healing. Again, no right or wrong way. Speak from your heart and let the words echo all around you. Each reverberation of the echo solidifies at the deepest level the release you seek. When ready, imagine that you can stand up and slowly begin walking down the mountain. You will most certainly feel cleansed and refreshed.
Try this out and share your experiences in the comments below.


text:
Sci fi/Fantasy image by
Michelle TrumpetIt's a cloudy morning at the Fishers' secret fishing nook. Every one is busy trying to catch enough fish to feed the recently hatched young, hidden safely within the crags. The waters are a bit rough this morning, proving difficult to the inexperiensed.
Published More than a year ago
Category Fantasy
Be the first to favourite this image.


text:
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1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanedione | |
CAS No.: | 70356-09-1 |
Synonyms: | |
Formula: | C20H22O3 |
Exact Mass: | 310.15700 |
Molecular Weight: | 310.38700 |
LogP: | 4.44840 |
Reference Price: | $14,677/ton Inquiry Now |
1-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanedione 70356-09-1 MSDS
Section 1. Chemical Product and Company Identification
Common Name/
Trade Name
Section 3. Hazards Identification
Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation.
Potential Acute Health
CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
Potential Chronic Health
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.
DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available.
Repeated or prolonged exposure is not known to aggravate medical condition.
Section 4. First Aid Measures
Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least
Eye Contact
15 minutes. Get medical attention if irritation occurs.
Wash with soap and water. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Get medical attention if irritation develops.
Skin Contact
Serious Skin Contact Not available.
Inhalation If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get
medical attention.
Serious Inhalation Not available.
Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an
unconscious person. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight
clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband.
Serious Ingestion Not available.
Section 5. Fire and Explosion Data
Flammability of the Product May be combustible at high temperature.
Auto-Ignition Temperature Not available.
Not available.
Flash Points
Not available.
Flammable Limits
These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2).
Products of Combustion
Fire Hazards in Presence of Slightly flammable to flammable in presence of heat.
Various Substances
Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available.
Explosion Hazards in
Risks of explosion of the product in presence of static discharge: Not available.
Presence of Various
SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder.
Fire Fighting Media
LARGE FIRE: Use water spray, fog or foam. Do not use water jet.
and Instructions
Material in powder form, capable of creating a dust explosion. As with most organic solids, fire is possible at elevated
Special Remarks on
Fire Hazards
Fine dust dispersed in air in sufficient concentrations, and in the presence of an ignition source is a potential dust
Special Remarks on
explosion hazard.
Explosion Hazards
Section 6. Accidental Release Measures
Use appropriate tools to put the spilled solid in a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading
Small Spill
water on the contaminated surface and dispose of according to local and regional authority requirements.
Use a shovel to put the material into a convenient waste disposal container. Finish cleaning by spreading water on
Large Spill
the contaminated surface and allow to evacuate through the sanitary system.
Section 7. Handling and Storage
Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not
breathe dust. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents.
Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Sensitive to light. Store in
light-resistant containers.
Section 8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below
Engineering Controls
recommended exposure limits. If user operations generate dust, fume or mist, use ventilation to keep exposure to
airborne contaminants below the exposure limit.
Personal Protection Safety glasses. Lab coat. Dust respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves.
Personal Protection in Case Splash goggles. Full suit. Dust respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to
avoid inhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE
of a Large Spill
handling this product.
Not available.
Exposure Limits
Section 9. Physical and Chemical Properties
Solid. (Powdered solid.) Odorless.
Physical state and O dor
Not available.
310.39 g/mole
Molecular Weight
Yellowish. Yellowish-brown. (Light.)
Not available.
pH (1% soln/water)
Not available.
Boiling Point
Melting Point
Not available.
Critical Temperature
Not available.
Specific Gravity
Not applicable.
Vapor Pressure
Not available.
Vapor Density
Not available.
Not available.
Odor Threshold
Not available.
Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.
Not available.
Ionicity (in Water)
Not available.
Dispersion Properties
Soluble in Ethanol
Section 10. Stability and Reactivity Data
The product is stable.
Not available.
Instability Temperature
Conditions of Instability Excess heat, incompatible materials, light
Incompatibility with various Reactive with oxidizing agents.
Not available.
Protect from light.
Special Remarks on
Not available.
Special Remarks on
Will not occur.
Section 11. Toxicological Information
Inhalation. Ingestion.
Routes of Entry
LD50: Not available.
Toxicity to Animals
LC50: Not available.
Chronic Effects on Humans Not available.
Other Toxic Effects on Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation.
Not available.
Special Remarks on
Toxicity to Animals
Not available.
Special Remarks on
Chronic Effects on Humans
Special Remarks on other Acute Potential Health Effects:
Toxic Effects on Humans Skin: May cause skin irritation.
Eyes: May cause eye irritation.
Inhalation: May cause respiratory tract irritation.
Ingestion: Expected to be a low hazard.
Section 12. Ecological Information
Not available.
Not available.
BOD5 and COD
Products of Biodegradation Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may
The product itself and its products of degradation are not toxic.
Toxicity of the Products
of Biodegradation
Not available.
Special Remarks on the
Products of Biodegradation
Section 13. Disposal Considerations
Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control
Waste Disposal
Section 14. Transport Information
Not a DOT controlled material (United States).
DO T Cl assi fi cati on
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Special Provisions for
DO T (Pi ctograms)
Section 15. Other Regulatory Information and Pictograms
TSCA 8(b) inventory: Avobenzone
Federal and State
California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to
cause cancer which would require a warning under the statute: No products were found.
Proposition 65
California prop. 65: This product contains the following ingredients for which the State of California has found to
cause birth defects which would require a warning under the statute: No products were found.
Other Regulations EINECS: This product is on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances(EINECS No.
Canada: Listed on Canadian Domestic Substance List (DSL).
China: Listed on National Inventory.
Japan: Not listed on National Inventory (ENCS).
Korea: Not listed on National Inventory (KECI).
Philippines: Listed on National Inventory (PICCS).
Australia: Listed on AICS.
WHMIS (Canada) Not controlled under WHMIS (Canada).
Other Classifications
This product is not classified according Not applicable.
to the EU regulations.
Health Hazard
HMIS (U.S.A.) 1 National Fire Protection
1 Flammability
1 Association (U.S.A.)
Fire Hazard
1 0 Reactivity
Reactivity 0
Specific hazard
Personal Protection
WHMIS (Canada)
DSCL (Europe)
ADR (Europe)
Protective Equipment
Lab coat.
Dust respirator. Be sure to use an
approved/certified respirator or equivalent.


text:
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The 2013 Boat or Bank Kids Fishing Rodeo will be held this Saturday at the Kingston City Park Gravel Pit.
You can come home again. At least that's the case for Brian Pankey, as last Thursday the longtime Cherokee head coach and Kingston assistant was named the head coach at Roane County High School after one season as head coach at Austin-East High School.
The 2013 season came to a close Thursday afternoon for the Oliver Springs Lady Bobcats, but not before Matt Headden's squad left Murfreesboro with a fourth place finish in the TSSAA Class A State Tournament. The Lady 'Cats, making their first-ever appearance at the Spring Fling, played like seasoned veterans over three days, including their final two games on Thursday.
If the Oliver Springs Lady Bobcats had any opening game jitters at the TSSAA Class A State Tournament in Murfreesboro on Tuesday, it didn't show as Matt Headden's squad picked up a 4-3 victory over University School of Johnson City (USJC).
The 2013 season came to a close for the Rockwood Tigers following a pair of losses in the TSSAA Class A State Tournament in Murfreesboro.
Rockwood opened play Tuesday night at Middle Tennessee Christian School with a 5-1 loss against Silverdale Baptist Academy, and then on Wednesday, the Tigers were eliminated following an 18-2 loss at the hands of Summertown.
The Oliver Springs Lady Bobcats have had a season for the ages, and Lady 'Cat seniors Macy Martin, Kaylee Morgan, Char-Lee Roberts and Rachiel Snellings are having a ball.
The wall on the Rockwood baseball fieldhouse says it all. The wall lists district, region, sectional and state tournament appearances from past years.
TSSAA Sectional games are supposed to be close and not decided until late in the contest.


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- Description
Application: Mondeo 1.6/1.8/2.0 1993-2000
Type: Vented
Brake Disc Diameter: 260mm
National Sports Brake Discs: National Sports performance grooved brake discs have been specially developed for high performance fast road use. Each disc has an optimum number of 8 grooves per side, which give rapid gas expulsion and deglazing of the brake pad. Priced in pairs. Rear discs are also available.
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How many days until Cheesecake Cool Conrad release date?
Game is already released
Cheesecake Cool ConradLearn more about Cheesecake Cool Conrad
King Banana accidentally dropped his Ice Cream Wife, spreading her pieces across the universe! Only a Cool brat like Cool Conrad can help him to overcome this disaster! Cool Conrad will gather the Ice Cream Crystals and face bizarre dangers for a chance to marry Princess Cheesecake!


text:
Tubby font family
Designed by Tomi Haaparanta in 2006
Tubby came about when I made a book with Cooper Black as a headline font. I started playing with heavy forms, and as a result was Tubby. It has a fat and friendly feel, and with swash italics it is fairly versatile in use.
Tubby Italic
Desktop fonts are designed to
be installed on a computer for
use with applications.
Licensed per computer.
Web fonts are used with the CSS
@font-face rule. They are licensed
for a set number of page views with
no time limitation.
Web fonts are used with the CSS
rule @font-face used. The license
has no time limit.
Mobile App Fonts can be embedded in your mobile application. Each app requires a separate license. The license is based on the number of app installations.
Electronic Publication Fonts can be
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You can use this type of license to embed web fonts in digital ads, such as ads created in HTML5. The licenses are valid for a specific number of ad impressions without time limit.
Technical details
OpenType outline flavour:
CFF - PostScript-Outlines
Technical font names:
File name: TubbyIta.otf
Windows menu name: Tubby
PostScript name: Tubby-BookItalic
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Windows menu name: Tubby
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text:
Howard Phillips Lovecraft, heaven knows, had a talent for writing which was of no mean proportion: only what he did with this talent was a shame, and a caution and an eldritch horror. If he'd only gotten the hell out of his auntie's attic and obtained a job with the federal writer's project of the WPA, he could have turned out guidebooks that would have been classics and joys to read forever. Only he stayed up there muffled up to the tip of his long gaunt New England chin against the cold which lay more in his heart than in his thermometer, living on 19 cents worth of beans a day, rewriting (for pennies) the crappy manuscripts of writers whose complete illiteracy would have been a boon to all mankind -- ah, but life is a boon -- and producing ghastly, grisly, ghoulish, and horrifying works of his own as well; of maneating things which foraged in graveyards, of human/beastie crosses which grew beastlier and beastlier as they grew older, of gibbering Shoggoths and Elder beings which smelt real bad and were always trying to break through thresholds and take over; rugous, squamous, amorphous nasties abbetted by thin, gaunt New England eccentrics who dwelt in attics and who were never seen or heard from again. Serves them damn well right, I say. In short, Howard was a twitch, boys and girls, and that's all there is to it.
OK, with that completely necessary Rudimentary Peni reference out of the way ... Forums member Ensign_Ricky found a most interesting piece of Lovecraft merchandise at his local used bookstore. The previous owner had left its pages curiously unmarked -- perhaps, LashLightning theorizes, the colours needed are hues man was not meant to know of -- so Ensign_Ricky offered the SA Forum Goons a blank slate to befoul with their wretched imaginations.
No recognised school of sculpture had animated this terrible object, yet Metanaut was willing to give it a try.
Alligator Pie
Mass Effect: Andromeda turns its nose up at the original trilogy's rigid morality. It boasts a more nuanced and intellectually compelling shades-of-grey approach in which a heart icon pops up when it's time to tell an alien to take their clothes off.
Please consider updating your plan to include Trickle Down Antibiotics, the Millennial Meltdown, and other new options.
I mean, they're not that bad. "Substandard" vending machines.
Which Overwatch Characters Would Bone Each Other? Not In Our Imaginations, But, Like, In Real Life?
The Comedy Goldmine examines the funniest and most creative threads from the Something Awful Forums. Although the Comedy Goldmine has changed authors many times over the years, its focus on the Something Awful Forums is still the same. Includes hilarious Photoshops, amusing work stories, parodies, and other types of oddball humor.
Copyright ©2017 Rich "Lowtax" Kyanka & Something Awful LLC.


text:
The Prophetic Supernatural Experience Paperback
by Laurie N Hicks; Matthew Robert Payne;
Stock available
Free UK delivery when you spend £10 or more
If you're buying for a church, school or business, why not Buy Now Pay Later?
Find Out MoreThe Prophetic Supernatural Experience
Full Product Description
We live in the days of the New Elijah's. God is raising a large company of prophets that are going to sweep the world and do mighty exploits for God and the people of the world. If you feel that God has called you to be one of these prophets in the Last Days you will need to go through boot camp and learn what it is to be a prophet of God. Part of your training is to know what a New Testament prophet looks like, what is expected of them by God, and how to go about your calling. In this book you will learn: � What the three gifts used in prophecy are and how to operate in them � Prophetic etiquette- how to behave correctly with you gift � What a prophet is and the experiences and lessons learned by two of them � The supernatural experiences you can expect like visions of angels, visions of Jesus and trips to Heaven. The author shares some of his experiences in here. � The secret keys to a strong anointing � Fundamental lessons and knowledge about the prophetic This book is a handy book to read alone but also can be used effectively as a resource for a school of the prophets which the author has already used it for.
The Prophetic Supernatural Experience by Laurie N Hicks; Matthew Robert Payne was published by Revival Waves of Glory Books & Publishing in September 2014. The ISBN for The Prophetic Supernatural Experience is 9781312505407.
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Details for The Prophetic Supernatural Experience
Page last updated | 25th February 2017 |
Author / Artist | Laurie N Hicks; Matthew Robert Payne |
Book Format | Paperback / softback |
Publisher | Revival Waves of Glory Books & Publishing (September 2014) |
Weight | 413g |
Number of Pages | 306 |
Thickness | 16 mm |
Height | 229 mm |
Width | 152 mm |
Product Code | 4309207 |


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Here's a clue: While they are still endeavouring to respond to your enquiry we'll have already got your book and have it in the shop to pick up or posted first class where it will be at your house the next day while their endeavoured response may or may not have reached its way back to you.
Service, huh?
We win. Again!
Thursday, February 21, 2008
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An extraordinary story of how a rogue cop rounded up 46 people in a drugs sting, sending some of them to jail for more than 50 years - on suspect evidence, in a racially charged climate...
Read the archive of the live online discussion that took place after the program aired.
Read the archive of the online discussion that took place after the program aired with BBC producer Eamon Hardy, Scott Henson of the American Civil Liberties Union (Texas chapter), and Alan Bean, executive director of the Friends of Justice, in Tulia, Texas.
Find out more about the drugs sting that shook a small town in Texas, USA.
If you have information relevant to this story, we'd like to hear about it. You can send tip offs to Four Corners at: firstname.lastname@example.com
8.30 pm Monday 14 April
This program is from BBC Correspondent.
Tom Coleman was a "gypsy cop" - one of a unique breed of freelance Texan lawmen who roam the state in search of contract work.
For 18 months Coleman went undercover, posing as a long-haired, cocaine-addicted biker, hanging out with the poor black community of Tulia.
In July 1999, his single-handed sting operation came to its climax. In a series of pre-dawn raids police arrested 46 people, 39 of them black - a tenth of the town's black population - and charged them with serious drug dealing offences.
Courts sentenced 19 defendants to a total of 800 years in prison. Some got sentences exceeding 50 years. Tom Coleman was officially recognised in the Lone Star State as Law Enforcement Officer of the Year.
Oddly, however, no cash, drugs or guns were found during the extensive police raids. Coleman had worked without a partner, without a tape recorder or video, without a notebook, and without fingerprint evidence. All the jury had to go on was his word - and they bought it.
"To me, it was a modernised lynching," says Leroy Barrow, who scavenges and crushes drink cans for a living and whose main possession is a leaky plywood caravan. Barrow was allegedly such a drug tsar that his bail was set at $250,000.
Coleman's investigation was riddled with mistakes and shortcomings. One woman faced a 99-year sentence after Coleman claimed she'd sold him drugs. Yet at the time of the alleged transaction she was hundreds of kilometres away in Oklahoma - and there was a bank deposit slip to prove it.
How did Coleman's investigation beat the system? The BBC's Tom Mangold reports on a chilling failure of justice in "Texas Undercover" - Four Corners 8.30 pm Monday 14 April, ABC TV (repeated 1 pm Tuesday).
Some Four Corners are available for purchase from the ABC. Contact ABC Non-Theatric Sales for more information.


text: Annuity FAQ: Helping to Build Guaranteed Future Income What is an Annuity? An annuity is a contract that allows an individual to place a sum of money with a life insurance company in exchange for future income. The future income can be received either as a lump sum or as a guaranteed stream of income over a predetermined period of time. Guaranteed income can be received by the annuitant (i.e., the person whose life the annuity contract is purchased on) over a fixed number of years or for the annuitant's entire lifetime. Until the income is distributed, all interest which accumulates within the annuity contract is tax-deferred. How do I know if an annuity is the right choice for me? An annuity can be a great complement to an individual's long-term financial plan; however, they are not right for everyone. To help you determine if an annuity is appropriate for you, we have provided two quick checklists. Annuities may be appropriate when you… …want guaranteed income for life. …desire safety of principal. …want a higher rate of return than certificates of deposit or other similar investments. …want to accumulate earnings tax-deferred. …want to contribute additional income into a retirement fund that does not have contribution limits. …want to avoid the mandatory withdrawal requirement at age 70 ½ of other retirement accounts (e.g., traditional IRA). …want to receive a stream of income which is guaranteed for as long as you are alive. Annuities may not be appropriate when you… …have not established an emergency fund to cover living expenses for at least three to six months. …have not contributed to other more tax-advantaged retirement accounts, such as a 401(k), 403(b), Roth IRA, etc.. …plan on receiving the money before age 59 ½. …are not sure that you are able to meet planned future expenses (e.g., house down payment, renovations, etc.) with other funds. What is the difference between an annuity contract and a life insurance contract? A life insurance contract is designed to meet the needs of survivors (i.e., the beneficiary) with a sum of money that far exceeds the value of the premium(s), if the insured should die while the contract is in force. An annuity contract is designed to support the owner's future income requirements by providing a vehicle that can accumulate and/or liquidate a sum of money during his/her lifetime. What are the death benefits of an annuity? Should an annuitant die while the annuity contract is in force, the beneficiary(ies) may receive the contract's accumulation value, the remaining premium payments, or nothing at all. Death proceeds for annuity contracts will be determined by the type of annuity contract purchased. What are the different types of annuity contracts? Annuity contracts may be classified in a number of ways. The following are design features that differentiate the various types of annuities. Funding Method (Single Premium vs. Installment Premium) Accumulation Period (Deferred vs. Immediate) Payout Option (Limited Pay vs. Life Pay) Number of Lives Covered (Single Life vs. Joint Life) Investment Style (Fixed vs. Variable) What is the difference between a single-premium annuity and an installment premium? Annuity contracts can be purchased by providing a single premium or future installment premiums. A single premium is a one-time premium payment which will be used to fully fund the contract. Installment premiums allow you to make a series of future payments, which can be paid in either equal installments over a specified period of time or as unequal payments which are paid randomly, within specified limits. What is the difference between deferred and immediate annuities? A deferred annuity will begin distributing annuity payments at some future date, usually 2 years or longer. Prior to the distribution of payments, earnings within the contract will accumulate on a tax-deferred basis. An immediate annuity requires that the distribution of payments begin within one year after the contract is purchased. What is the difference between limited pay and life pay? Once you are ready to receive income, you may choose from several payout options. The most common forms of payout methods are: Fixed Period - Payments are scheduled to be paid out over a predetermined period of time, usually between 1 to 30 years. The monthly amount distributed is calculated by the number of distribution years elected. Fixed Amount - A predetermined amount of income will be received until the funds are fully paid out. Straight Life - Payments are guaranteed to be paid out as long as the annuitant is alive. Once the annuitant dies there are no further payments available to be passed on to a beneficiary. Life with A Period Certain - An annuitant will receive income for the Member's entire life with the guarantee that payments will continue to a beneficiary for the remainder of the elected "period certain." A 5, 10, 15, or 20 year period certain may be chosen at the time the contract is purchased. For example, if a 10 year period certain is elected and the annuitant dies at the beginning of year 8, the beneficiary will continue to receive payments for 2 years (10 minus 8). If the annuitant's death occurs after the period certain, no additional payments will be paid. Joint and Survivor - The annuity is paid for as long as both annuitants are alive. At the time of the first death, payments may remain the same or be decreased, as determined by the survivor election, which is made at the time the contract is purchased. In addition, a period certain may also be available. What is the difference between single life and joint life? An annuity may cover a single life or more than one life. A contract that is purchased on a single life is a single-life annuity while one purchased on two or more lives is referred to a joint annuity or a joint-and-survivor annuity. A joint annuity will only provide payments until one of the covered annuitants dies, while payments on a joint-and-survivor annuity will continue until the death of the surviving annuitant. Annuity contracts covering more than two annuitants are rarely sold. In addition, if a joint-and-survivor annuity is purchased, you may have the option to state what percentage (e.g., 100%, 66%, 50%) of your original income (i.e., income amount before the first death) will continue to the survivor. What is the difference between fixed and variable annuities? You may choose to place the funds with the company to invest or you may choose the investments yourself. With a fixed annuity, you are giving the money to the insurance company to invest in exchange for the guarantee that a payment of both principal and interest are made in the future (subject to certain charges). The insurance company is able to provide this guarantee because it will invest your money primarily in bonds or other conservative fixed investments. A variable annuity does not guarantee the principal and interest; rather, the annuity can fluctuate up and down as a result of changes in the performance of the underlying investment portfolio, which you have chosen. Investment choices can range among stocks, bonds, and cash equivalent vehicles. If the investments you choose for your annuity perform well, your returns may outperform the fixed annuity returns; however, if they don't, you may lose not only prior returns but also principal. What are the tax rules for annuities? There are various tax rules that are applied to annuities. The tax rules will be determined by how the annuity is classified. The two classifications we are talking about are qualified and nonqualified. What is the difference between qualified and nonqualified annuities? A qualified plan is a retirement savings plan which can be created by either an employer or an individual as set forth by federal regulations. Typically, a qualified plan can help you defer taxes in two ways: 1) interest accumulates tax-deferred while in the annuity and 2) contributions to the contract can be made on a pre-tax basis. A qualified plan however requires that you begin taking minimum distributions on 1 April of the year after you reach age 70 ½. The minimum amount that must be paid out is calculated through a formula based primarily on your life expectancy and that of your beneficiary. If minimum distributions are not taken, you will pay an excise tax equal to 50 percent of the difference between your withdrawal and the required minimum that year. Once you begin receiving money from your qualified plan, taxes will be assessed on the full amount which is distributed. Nonqualified plans are purchased with after-tax dollars with earnings growing tax-deferred. Since your contributions are with after-tax dollars, you will only pay taxes on the portion of the distributions which are considered earnings. The administrator of your nonqualified annuity will calculate the ratio of your payout which is considered nontaxable. Nonqualified plans do not require that distributions be made before age 70 ½. Nonqualified plans are available to anyone and should be considered if you are not eligible for a qualified plan. The current tax law discourages people from taking money from their annuity contract prior to age 59 ½ by assessing a 10% penalty tax on any taxable distributions. The 10% tax penalty can be avoided if you elect to receive substantially equal payments, made at least annually, over your lifetime. At the time of death, annuities do not get passed on to beneficiaries tax-free like a life insurance death benefit nor do they receive a step-up in basis. It is always advised that you consult with a tax advisor prior to purchasing an annuity so that you understand all the current tax rules and have all your tax questions answered. What charges can be assessed within an annuity? Charges can vary widely from one annuity contract to the next. Some charges may be fixed while others will vary during the life of the contract. Some charges you may see are: Contract Fee: A dollar amount charged either at the time of purchase or annually. Transactions Fee: A charge assessed against various allowable transactions made on the contract (e.g., withdrawals). Premium Charge: This is generally called a "load" and is deducted from each premium payment paid. Surrender Charge: If you elect to surrender your contract, this charge which will lower the value of the policy. This charge typically is reduced or eliminated after the contract has been in force for a certain number of years. Companies and contracts may have very different fee structures. Typically, variable annuity contracts have higher fees than fixed annuity contracts because they have more features. Because companies and annuity contracts have different fee structures, always ask about all the possible contract charges. What should you do when comparing annuity contracts? Once you have determined which type(s) of annuity contract would best meet your needs, your next step is to find the most competitive contract(s). Here are several considerations when shopping for the best contract. Always compare the same type of annuity (apples to apples). Shop around and get quotes from several different companies. Compare the future accumulation values or monthly income amounts. Understand all the possible contract charges. Understand all the guarantees and features of the contract. Ask about the financial rating of the company. Should you cancel or replace your current annuity? Before taking any action to cancel or replace your current annuity, you should first ask yourself several questions: Are you allowed to cancel your current contract? Does this annuity still meet your needs? Does it provide the desired level of safety? Is the return on the annuity contract competitive? Will there be significant charges and/or taxes if you surrender or replace the contract? The answers to these questions will help guide your decision. If your decision is to replace your current contract, request to have the contract transferred through a 1035 Exchange. The 1035 Exchange will allow you to transfer your existing contract to a new contract tax-deferred. There are several requirements you must meet in order to qualify for a 1035 Exchange, so be sure to talk with your annuity representative to determine if it is possible.


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Donaji & the Magical Poncho
This is the story of a fearless girl and her encounter with the wicked cold wind god
4.32 / 5.00 6,052 ViewsTinfoil Bob goes on a walk and tuns into some crazy characters!
This was the first real episode in the series, and I will be submitting them in the order they came out from now on. It got 1800 views in the first two days on youtube and inspired me to make keep making them. To watch the yourube version, go here:
http://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=LF6fsFs8ipo
go crispy go continue your legacy
that pretty much sums is up...
manly cause i a strong supporter of ur work in and out of newgrounds...
u have touched my soul with tin foil bob....
also... i have seen much inprovment in your work
thanks a lot man :)
There were only three problems:
1. Sound quality was horrible
2. Fuzzy Video
This was hilarious, I can't wait for more!
Thank you :) Yes, I agree with your statements. There are actually 9 episodes in the series and more coming soon. I am just submitting them slowly. Like I said, this was the first epsiode. All of the series was done on my little webcam but, I will be using a higher quality camera and editing program from now on. All of the episodes range from 2-7 mintues and wont be any shorter than 4 minutes in the future. Thanks again


text:
Buy 2 pairs – get 1 pair free!
Our newest and economical version of Gripads.
This version has no finger loops, and is 1/2 price of the Classic version.
3 Pair Bundle includes: Black, Red, and Blue Gripad lifting grips, which are great for weightlifting, power-lifting, dumbbells, bench-press and much more!
1 Size Fits All for men and women.


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Category:Communes of Réunion
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cities and villages in Réunion. |
Réunion counts 24 communes. The 25th (La Rivière) might be created in the future, by dividing La Rivière Saint-Louis and Saint-Louis.
This category has the following 4 subcategories, out of 4 total.
Pages in category "Communes of Réunion"
The following 22 pages are in this category, out of 22 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).


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Now the second-largest pay-per-click advertising provider on the Internet, Facebook brings a unique set of benefits and features to its advertising platform. We're going to show you how to optimize your Facebook advertising to get the most out of your impressions and convert as many clicks as you can into traffic.
Demographic Targeting
The unique benefit available on Facebook, and nowhere else, is demographic, rather than contextual, targeting.
On other ad platforms, advertisements are targeted based on the text on the page, for instance, a page about social media will feature advertisements related to social media. The problem with this type of targeting is that you could be writing toward users who are interested in starting a Facebook account, businesses who want to develop a social media marketing strategy, or people looking for information about privacy settings. Your demographic reach for contextual ads is way too large to be effective at targeting advertisements.
On Facebook, though, users provide a wealth of demographic information about themselves that you can use to target your ads. For example, if you have a B2B product that you want to market to independent mobile app developers, you can target your ads to people who list themselves as CEOs and list their interest in Mobile App Development. If you have a product to target to seniors in college, for instance, an HR firm that helps them find jobs, you could target each of the popular majors you're looking for, like Engineering, and find individuals graduating within six months. That way your ad is only delivered to individuals who have a high likelyhood to convert.
Optimizing Text and Picture
You probably don't know this, but there are more than 24 variations you can test on your Facebook ad image, and endless variations on the text. The online magazine Qualia published these CTR-optimizing changes in their May 2012 issue, available at iSamuel.com/Qualia. With so many different products and demographics, it would behoove you to test all 24 to see which has the highest click-through rate. Remember, top-performing Facebook Ads have a click-through rate of between 0.2% and 0.5%.
Here's a simple strategy you can follow to optimize your text and image combinations. First, develop a primary ad that will serve as the control for the rest of your ad testing. Then, for your first testing round, develop between 4 and 8 variations on this ad based on the recommendations provided above, for example, you could try appealing to a different emotion (fear, rather than love), using an illustration instead of a photo, or trying a mirror-image of your picture (matters more than you'd think).
Image – © Faysal Farhan – Fotolia.com


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Playgroup Information
Las Madres Neighborhood Playgroups is made up of MANY playgroups. Each Playgroup is made up of people who live in a specific neighborhood or area and have kids born within the same year. Each playgroup is a part of a larger Club that includes all of the Playgroups within a specific area.
Our neighborhood Playgroups are the heart of Las Madres:
Playgroups are where most members connect with other parents and the children enjoy playdates.
Our playgroups span across Silicon Valley and are organized by neighborhood, and then by birth year.
We also have a Working Moms playgroup for each Club Area.
Please note: Online Support groups are not considered a Playgroup.
The Playgroup membership includes all the wider
Membership Benefits
as well as the following:
Joining a group of moms in your area who have a child the same age as your own. Nothing substitutes for the ability to build friendships with moms who are faced with similar parenting issues. Many of our Las Madres members build lifelong friendships with the moms they meet through a Neighborhood Playgroup.
Planning and/or attending playgroup social events such as children's playgroups, children's events, family parties, and Mom's Nights Out.
Being involved in your playgroup to customize it to you and your group's interests. Some playgroups have Couple's Night Out, Scrapbooking Nights, Movie Nights, Babysitting Co-Ops, Book Clubs, Sit-N-Play groups... the list goes on and on. Your playgroup is what you make it!
Participating at the Club level: to network with other moms across Silicon Valley and to participate in Club-wide activities.


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Added to Shopping Bag
Louis Vuitton Alma Gm Monogram Vernis Leather Shoulder Bag
Listed by Vera A.
Price: $1,500.00
Returnable for Site
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Shopping Bag :
Alma Gm Monogram Vernis Leather Shoulder Bag
Shipping Included
28 people saved this item
- Interior lining wear
- Exterior scuffs or marks
15.0 x 11.0 x 7.1 inches
(Length x Height x Width)
- Monogram Vernis, lining in textile and trimmings in Monogram Vernis leather
- Golden brass pieces
- Integral closure by double zipper
- Two inside patch pockets and a mobile phone compartment
- Hand held or carried on the shoulder
- A padlock provides extra security for the closure of the bag
- Removable key bell
- Bottom studs to protect the base of the bag
This bag is effortlessly stylish in it's elegant shiny Monogram Vernis Leather. It was only used twice for about a week each time. It is the Alma GM Version, very spacious but still an ideal size for every day use. Other than a couple of pen marks on the inside, the outside is in almost perfect condition. There are a few scuffs on the brass ware pieces on the bottom but too small to appear in the pictures. Includes a padlock, removable key bell with 2 keys and dust bag. Code VR1032
15"L x 11"H x 7.1"W
Monogram Vernis Leather
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Fri 3/31/17 - Tue 4/4/17 (4-8 days)
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I'll back up.
Last Thursday I went golfing with Dufus Jr. All was going well - as well as could be expected given each of our golf games - until we hit the back 9. We pulled up for our second stroke on #12 - a par three.
I stopped the cart to the left of the pond, Jr. hopped out to take his shot. His tee shot had landed there; mine just shy of the green, straight on the pin but, alas, not quite out of the pond. All of a sudden I felt like someone was sticking pins and needles in me. Simultaneously, I noticed a disturbance in the air around me. Tons of tiny black things were buzzing around me erratically. All in one move I yelled at my son, swatted at the air and stepped on the gas. I must have looked quite comical because Jr. tells everyone, arms waving around my head and torso (me in the cart not him telling the story), I didn't stop until I hit the parking lot. In reality I only went about 30 feet, almost up on the green. I almost travelled further than y ball. Damn, I'd been swarmed by wasps. I must have stopped the golf cart right over their nest. Or maybe it was that Axe deodorant I was wearing. Sorry little guys. I didn't mean any harm. In the words of that immortal philosopher Boy George "Do you really want to hurt me?". Evidently yes.
Now I can deal with a sand hazard. Even a water hazard. But a wasp hazard. The club might have warned me of this additional little trap, eh?
Fast forward to yesterday. I managed to get in to see my doctor because one sting stayed with me and was giving me considerable discomfort. The sting was on my right shoulder/chest and had grown to a motley irritation of about seven inches long. "There's something going on here" I thought to myself after Mrs Dufus told me about nine times "There's something going on there. You should call the doctor". "So" I thought "Maybe I had better call the doctor."
My first hint something was amiss was when I showed the bite to my wife on Saturday and she made a face and gave me shit. My second clue was on Sunday when the pharmacist made a face and gave me cortisone cream. The doctor confirmed it when he made a face and gave me his diagnosis.
But my doctor also had a little surprise for me. He "hmm-ed" and "ah-ha-ed" and quietly said "Hmm, ah-ha, looks like herpes."
"Huh?", I replied.
"You know, shingles", he said and prescribed me medication and told me to get some calamine lotion.
Now if I got herpes from playing around it might have been worth it. Might have been. But from playing a round? (See what I did there?)
Damn that trollopy wasp. Biting anything with pants.
The upside of course is I quit playing after 16 holes.
Amazing how much my score improved.
P.S. I'm seeing my hematologist Wednesday but I'm almost certain he'll confirm the diagnosis. Looks like I have shingles, which is the reappearance of the chicken pox virus years after someone has had the disease. It probably has nothing to do with the wasp bite. You see with my multiple myeloma my immune system isn't strong. Since my cancer diagnosis I've been warned shingles could occur at any time. I think the episode with Mr Wasp brought them out. The weird thing is I had chicken pox over 50 years ago. And I was diagnosed with cancer over 10 years back. Go figure. Sometimes life - and wasps - suck.


text:
Brand New, Unread Copy in Perfect Condition. A+ Customer Service!. Codice inventario libreria
Riassunto: Used for gestures of communication, environmental exploration, and the grasping and manipulating of objects, the hand has a vital role in our lives. The hand's anatomical structure and neural control are among the most complex and detailed of human motor systems. Hand and Brain is a comprehensive overview of the hand's sensorimotor control. It discusses mediating variables in perception and prehension, the coordination of muscles with the central nervous system, the nature of movement control and hand positioning, hand-arm coordination in reaching and grasping, and the sensory function of the hand. In the last decade the rapid growth of neuroscience has been paralleled by a surge of interest in hand function. This reflects the fact that many of the fundamental issues facing neuroscientists today-including the problem of relating physiology to behavior-are central to the study of sensorimotor control of the hand. This book takes a broad interdisciplinary perspective on the control of hand movements that includes neurophysiology, neuroanatomy, psychology and neuropsychology, and biomechanics. The authors, who have all made significant scientific contributions in their own right, have sought to introduce their chosen topics in a manner that the undergraduate reader will be able to follow without sacrificing detailed and up-to-date coverage ofthe major developments.
L'autore: Patrick Haggard is Lecturer in Psychobiology in the Department of Psychology, University College, London. He obtained his Ph.D. at the Medical Research Council Applied Psychology Unit in Cambridge, for studies of the coordination of human reaching and grasping movements. He then worked in the Physiology Department of Oxford University, studying the neural mechanisms underlying voluntary movement in normal subjects and neurological patients. His current research centers on neurophysiological and behavioral measurement of the information-processing involved in human arm movements.
Condizione libro: New
Descrizione libro Academic Press, 1996. Paperback. Condizione libro: Brand New. 534 pages. 9.00x6.00x1.21 inches. This item is printed on demand. Codice libro della libreria zk0123907993
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Descrizione libro Academic Press, 1996. Paperback. Condizione libro: New. book. Codice libro della libreria 0123907993
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Descrizione libro Academic Press, 2011. Paperback. Condizione libro: Used: Good. Ships with Tracking Number! INTERNATIONAL WORLDWIDE Shipping available. May not contain Access Codes or Supplements. Buy with confidence, excellent customer service!. Codice libro della libreria 0123907993
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HBC 1226 A,B : MILITARY SWORD; 1830s This ornate sword is documented as having been retrieved by Chief Factor Roderick MacFarlane from an Inuit man who claimed that the sword had been presented to him in 1857 by an officer of the Franklin expedition. The letters"W IV" appearing on the blade and hilt refers to King WilliamIV, 1830-1837. "Moore, late, Bicknells & Moore, Old Bond Street,London," have been engraved on the brass ferrule and chape.This last detail has given rise to speculation that the "great officer" might have been Fitzjames, who obtained his Mate's passing certificate (the prerequisite for the rank) in 1834, well within the reign of William IV. But the promotion itself would have to wait on additional service; he came close in 1837, and finally obtained the rank on 26 January 1838, more than six months after the death of William IV. The dates for most others of Sir John Franklin's officers, however, are even further off the mark (Crozier, 1826; Le Vesconte, 1841; Fairholme, 1842; Hodgson, 1842; Irving, 1843). Graham Gore was promoted in 1837, but was then in the Arctic serving with Back; King William died prior to his return. The only other candidate would be Edward Little, whose promotion in December of 1837 is just barely prior to Fitzjames's. It's possible, in these last three cases, to imagine that the officers' swords might have been purchased at a time when blades stamped "William IV" were in stock, and new ones with Queen Victoria's name were not yet available.
Wednesday, September 28, 2011
The Sword of a "Great Officer"
11 comments:
Glenn, just found an excellent online .pdf about naval swords ... Peter Tuite's British Naval Edged Weapons. Apparently some more junior officers also had swords, though the gilding and quality of this blade suggests "lieutenant" at the least to me. The style is closest to what Mr. Tuite identifies as a "Pattern 1827 sword with pipe black blade, circa 1835" -- which seems to confirm the date pretty closely. Do you know this fellow, or know of him?
ReplyDeleteI'm afraid we did not pay close enough attention to the HBC archival record's description - "MILITARY SWORD". And the record causes confusion by stating it came from one of Franklin's officers.
I do not know Tuite, but did contact Sim Comfort, author of "Naval Swords and Dirks" (London: Sim Comfort and Associates, 2008), and in his reply he attached an image and information regarding the 1822 pattern infantry officer's sword – which features an open work hilt ("Swords of the British Army", by Brian Robson (London: National Army Museum, 1996).
Comfort's book shows a distinctive naval pattern with basket hilt that was introduced in 1827. Some open work hilts that are naval are known, but these are not pattern and quite rare, falling into the period between 1822 and 1827.
With the Royal Monogram being William IV (1830-37) for the sword in the HBC collection, one really has to consider this sword as being military and not naval. So, look for a military officer as the original owner of the sword.I must disagree, for now, with the learned heads -- if you look at Tuite's example of the Pattern 1827 naval sword, it seems very close to the one in the HBC archives. We must distinguish pattern years from actual years of production as well, I think. I know that, for instance, there was great variety in US Civil War uniforms in the first few years of that conflict, because different uniforms from different pattern years were supplied from different stores; it was only after all of the old stock was exhausted that the new, more consistent uniform patters predominated.
I have been in touch with Mr. Tuite, and hope to post his thoughts on the matter here soon ...I would add that, what I'm arguing here is not that, on the face of it, one would believe the sword in the HBC archives is likely a naval one, but that we can't eliminate the possibility that it was. Absent such negative proof -- i.e., there were no naval swords of this era made with open work hilts -- we can only say it is unusual ... and perhaps that might actually help us identify it.
ReplyDeleteOK, I have heard back from Mr. Tuite, who writes as follows: "From the pictures you provided the sword does not appear to be naval - the open basket hilt with folding rear guard and plain pommel might well be army as suggested by Sim - while the pattern 1827 naval sword had solid guard and lions head pommel the earlier naval pattern was much simpler and neither has features that resemble your sword."
So I think the expert consensus all round is that this is almost certainly not a naval sword. Which presents us with an enigma: I know of no one on board Franklin's ships with other than a naval career, setting aside the Marines -- and yet, at the same time, it is very hard to imagine why or how any officer of the Army would have left his sword up in the Arctic!
I can only suggest that, for some reason, some member of the Franklin party had with them the sword of a friend or relation who was or had been in the Army. John Irving comes to mind -- I know that, when the remains supposed to be his were returned for burial, his brother -- by then a Major-General -- was present. Might this have been a memorial of a brother?A footnote in (possible) favor of the minority view of this having been, in fact, the sword of a Naval officer, militaryheritage.com has this:
"While the regular pattern 1796 Infantry straight had some cut and thrust functionality to it, it was completely inadequate for the Grenadier, Light Infantry and Rifle officers of the British Army. In the late 1790s unofficial curved bladed Infantry sabres started popping up in regiments. These sabres came in many shapes and sizes and in 1803 the army officials took steps to standardize this sabre.
In addition, this pattern was taken up (with a white ivory grip) by many mounted regimental field officers (majors and colonels), again because of its usefulness in combat. Even some General officers adopted it instead of the 1796 staff pattern.
This pattern of sword even made its way into the Royal Navy. It is suggested that the flank companies of the Royal Marines adopted this pattern with the white grip. However there is evidence that some Royal Navy officers chose it as well. This may have been simply an issue of commercial availability and the degree of independence of selecting their fighting sword, despite the Admiralty's efforts in 1805 to standardize the sword. "


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New Plant Breeding Techniques: Legal Classification & Regulatory Implications Drew L. Kershen Earl Sneed Centennial Prof. Emeritus Crop Bioengineering Consortium Iowa State University November 5, 2013
Site-Directed Nuclease Techniques Meganucleases (MNs) – Restriction enzyme source: many species Zinc-finger Nucleases (ZFNs) – Protein source: many species (including humans) – Synthetic biology – customized ZFNs Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) – Effector source: Xanthomonas genus Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) – Cas9 sources: Streptococcus thermophilus & Staphylococcus aureus Construct components – Promoter (CaMV 35S); Terminator (NOS); nuclear localization signal (SV40 – simian virus 40)
United States Law USDA-APHIS Plant Protection Act (2000, as amended), 7 U.S.C. §§ 7701- 7772 Regulated article. Any organism which has been altered or produced through genetic engineering, if the donor organism, recipient organism, or vector or vector agent belongs to any genera or taxa designated in § 340.2 and meets the definition of plant pest, or is an unclassified organism and/or an organism whose classification is unknown, or any product which contains such an organism, or any other organism or product altered or produced through genetic engineering which the Administrator, determines is a plant pest or has reason to believe is a plant pest. Excluded are recipient microorganisms which are not plant pests and which have resulted from the addition of genetic material from a donor organism where the material is well characterized and contains only non-coding regulatory regions. 7 C.F.R. 340.1
United States Law USDA-APHIS Plant pest. Any living stage (including active and dormant forms) of insects, mites, nematodes, slugs, snails, protozoa, or other invertebrate animals, bacteria, fungi, other parasitic plants or reproductive parts thereof; viruses; or any organisms similar to or allied with any of the foregoing; or any infectious agents or substances, which can directly or indirectly injure or cause disease or damage in or to any plants or parts thereof, or any processed, manufactured, or other products of plants. 7 C.F.R. 340.1 Organism. Any active, infective, or dormant stage or life form of an entity characterized as living, including vertebrate and invertebrate animals, plants, bacteria, fungi, mycoplasmas, mycoplasma-like organisms, as well as entities such as viroids, viruses, or any entity characterized as living, related to the foregoing. 7 C.F.R. 340.1
United States Law USDA-APHIS § 340.2 Groups of organisms which are or contain plant pests and exemptions. (a) Groups of organisms which are or contain plant pests. The organisms that are or contain plant pests are included in the taxa or group of organisms contained in the following list. Within any taxonomic series included on the list, the lowest unit of classification actually listed is the taxon or group which may contain organisms which are regulated. Organisms belonging to all lower taxa contained within the group listed are included as organisms that may be or may contain plant pests, and are regulated if they meet the definition of plant pest in § 340.1 4 4 Any organism belonging to any taxa contained within any listed genera or taxa is only considered to be a plant pest if the organism "can directly or indirectly injure, or cause disease, or damage in any plants or parts thereof, or any processed, manufactured, or other products of plants." Thus a particular unlisted species within a listed genus would be deemed a plant pest for purposes of § 340.2, if the scientific literature refers to the organism as a cause of direct or indirect injury, disease, or damage to any plants, plant parts or products of plants. (If there is any question concerning the plant pest status of an organism belonging to any listed genera or taxa, the person proposing to introduce the organism in question should consult with APHIS to determine if the organism is subject to regulation.) N OTE : Any genetically engineered organism composed of DNA or RNA sequences, organelles, plasmids, parts, copies, and/or analogs, of or from any of the groups of organisms listed below shall be deemed a regulated article if it also meets the definition of plant pest in § 340.1.
United States Law USDA-APHIS § 340.3 Notification for the introduction of certain regulated articles – (b) Regulated articles eligible for introduction under the notification procedure. Regulated articles which meet all of the following six requirements and the performance standards … (6) The plant has not been modified to contain the following genetic material from animal or human pathogens: – (i) Any nucleic acid sequence derived from an animal or human virus, or – (ii) Coding sequences whose products are known or likely causal agents of disease in animals or humans.
United States Law USDA-APHIS Regulated Article Letters of Inquiry – http://www.aphis.usda.gov/biotechnology/am_i_reg.shtml http://www.aphis.usda.gov/biotechnology/am_i_reg.shtml – Transformation method – Construct (each element – promoter, gene, terminator and source from which derived) – Recipient Organism – Donor Organism – Trait (phenotype) Nineteen letters of inquiry posted through 13 March 2013 – One letter on ZFN-1; one letter on MN-1 Not regulated articles – Knockout effect – No Letters of Inquiry on TALENs or CRISPRs
USDA-APHIS Analysis – The Plant Pest Trigger Transformation method – Agrobacterium tumefaciens (yes); biolistics (no); electroporation (no) TALENs – Binding domain from Xanthomonas – Presumptively a "regulated article" 7 C.F.R. 340.2 CRISPR – Binding domain from Streptococcus thermophilus or pyogenes – not listed in 340.2 Yogurt and cheese – CRISPR – Nuclear Localization signal from Staphylococcus aureus (human pathogen) – not listed in 340.2 but 340.3(b)(6)(ii) – Constructs – several components derived from viruses or bacteria
USDA-APHIS Analysis – The Classification No Regulated Article Letters of Inquiry – CRISPR appears better than TALENS for regulatory avoidance – CRISPR (Streptococcus t.) compared to CRISPR (Staphylococcus a.) – Need Biolistic transformation & NLS, promoters & terminators from non pathogen sources to avoid the underlying plant from being regulated Null segregants from the construct, not regulated article TALENs – avoidance approaches – Binding domain by synthetic biology (customized chimeric binding domain) – not an organism? – an analog of a listed 340.2 pest? – Null-segregant plants – back crossing with confirmation that no Xanthomonas DNA/RNA Several Letters of Inquiry on null segregant plants – Underlying plant regulated (keep in laboratory) – Offspring plants, not regulated article
United States Law Environmental Protection Agency Federal Insecticide Fungicide Rodenticide Act (as amended through 2012), 7 U.S.C. §§ 121-136y PESTICIDE.—The term ''pesticide'' means (1) any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest, (2) any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant, and (3) any nitrogen stabilizer, … 7 U.S.C § 136(u) PLANT REGULATOR.—The term ''plant regulator'' means any substance or mixture of substances intended, through physiological action, for accelerating or retarding the rate of growth or rate of maturation, or for otherwise altering the behavior of plants or the produce thereof, … 7 U.S.C. § 136(v) Analysis – The intended purpose of the deletion, recombination or insertion, not the SDN method per se – EPA has pondered expanded FIFRA regulation of GE plants, e.g., RNAi and as "new chemicals" using Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
United States Law Food & Drug Agency (FDA) Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. §§ 341-350l-1 (as amended to 2012) – "Voluntary" Consultation – Substantial Equivalence (149 foods to date) Data analysis of the food -- TALENs – Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) CRISPR Cas9 and binding domain from a bacterium used to produce yogurts and cheese – assuredly GRAS
European Union Law 2001/18/EC – Deliberate Release Article 2 -- Definitions – For the purposes of this Directive: – (1) "organism" means any biological entity capable of replication or of transferring genetic material; – (2) "genetically modified organism (GMO)" means an organism, with the exception of human beings, in which the genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination; – Within the terms of this definition: – (a) genetic modification occurs at least through the use of the techniques listed in Annex I A, part 1; – (b) the techniques listed in Annex I A, part 2, are not considered to result in genetic modification; Article 3 – Exemptions – This Directive shall not apply to organisms obtained through the techniques of genetic modification listed in Annex 1B.
European Union Law 2001/18/EC – Deliberate Release ANNEX I A -- TECHNIQUES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 2(2) PART 1: Techniques of genetic modification referred to in Article 2(2)(a) are inter alia: – (1) recombinant nucleic acid techniques involving the formation of new combinations of genetic material by the insertion of nucleic acid molecules produced by whatever means outside an organism, into any virus, bacterial plasmid or other vector system and their incorporation into a host organism in which they do not naturally occur but in which they are capable of continued propagation; – (2) techniques involving the direct introduction into an organism of heritable material prepared outside the organism including micro-injection, macro- injection and micro-encapsulation; – (3) cell fusion (including protoplast fusion) or hybridisation techniques where live cells with new combinations of heritable genetic material are formed through the fusion of two or more cells by means of methods that do not occur naturally. PART 2: Techniques referred to in Article 2(2)(b) which are not considered to result in genetic modification, on condition that they do not involve the use of recombinant nucleic acid molecules or genetically modified organisms made by techniques/methods other than those excluded by Annex I B: – (1) in vitro fertilisation, – (2) natural processes such as: conjugation, transduction, transformation, – (3) polyploidy induction.
European Union Law 2001/18/EC – Deliberate Release ANNEX IB--TECHNIQUES REFERRED TO IN ARTICLE 3 – Techniques/methods of genetic modification yielding organisms to be excluded from the Directive, on the condition that they do not involve the use of recombinant nucleic acid molecules or genetically modified organisms other than those produced by one or more of the techniques/methods listed below are: (1) mutagenesis, (2) cell fusion (including protoplast fusion) of plant cells of organisms which can exchange genetic material through traditional breeding methods.
The Cartagena Protocol Super-imposed on European law Binding in 167 countries Regulates "Modern biotechnology" – "In vitro nucleic acid techniques, including recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and direct injection of nucleic acid into cells or organelles" What makes the CP so nefarious is that nothing says the nucleic acid must remain in the cell – Null segregants are still covered
2001/18/EC Analysis No mechanism in the EU directly comparable to USDA- APHIS Regulated Article Letters of Inquiry – Working groups (advisory) – Discussion of ZFNs, but not TALENs or CRISPR Annex IA Part One – "inter alia" – TALENs and CRISPR probably covered New introduced genetic material Technique used for insertion of genetic material prepared outside the organism Null segregant plants – very unclear under EU law – Covered by Cartagena Protocol if will be released to the environment Like mutagenesis? Especially SDN-1 techniques – Precautionary Principle Whereas Clause (8)
European Union Law Reg. (EC) No. 1829/2003 (22 Sept 2003) Whereas Clause 16) -- This Regulation should cover food and feed produced 'from' a GMO but not food and feed 'with' a GMO. The determining criterion is whether or not material derived from the genetically modified source material is present in the food or in the feed. Processing aids which are only used during the food or feed production process are not covered by the definition of food or feed and, therefore, are not included in the scope of this Regulation. Article 2: Definitions -- 10. 'produced from GMOs' means derived, in whole or in part, from GMOs, but not containing or consisting of GMOs;
Reg. (EC) No. 1829/2003 Analysis EFSA opinion of October 2012 – p. 2 "With respect to the genes introduced, the SDN-3 technique does not differ from transgenesis or from the other genetic modification techniques currently used with respect to any hazards associated with introduced genes. The SDN-3 technique can be used to introduce transgenes, intragenes, or cisgenes." Null segregant plants – produced "with" (not covered) or "from" (covered by regulations)? – Wine (GM yeast) is "with"; Wine (GM grapes) is "from"; Wine from GM rootstalk but non-GM scion is unclear and undecided – My opinion on null segregant plants: likely produced "from" GMO plants (covered) Reg. (EC) No. 1830/2003 – labeling and traceability – Applies once 1829/2003 determines something to be a GMO food or feed
Exceptions Vitamins extracted from GM soy are covered Vitamins extracted from GM microorganisms are exempt The point is that Europeans do make exceptions when convenient for them
Legal Issues arising from differences between EU & US laws/regulations Regulatory costs to get multiple approvals Asynchronous approval Legal Liability for impact on international trade with Europe – Voluntary Contracts – Coexistence World Trade Organization Treaties – Sanitary and Phytosanitary Treaty (SPS) – Technical Barriers to Trade Treaty (TBT)
Policy Issue New Plant Breeding Techniques NAS (1987): "Several conclusions can be drawn from this review of the relationship between traditional genetic manipulation techniques and the R-DNA techniques developed during the last 15 years, and of the experience gained from the application of each: – There is no evidence that unique hazards exist either in the use of R-DNA techniques or in the movement of genes between unrelated organisms. – The risks associated with the introduction of R-DNA engineered organisms are the same in kind as those associated with the introduction of unmodified organisms and organisms modified by other methods. – Assessment of the risks of introducing R-DNA engineered organisms into the environment should be based on the nature of the organism and the environment into which it is introduced, not on the method by which it was produced."
Policy Issue New Plant Breeding Techniques ACRE (2013): Executive Summary – "Our understanding of genomes does not support a process-based approach to regulation. The continuing adoption of this approach has let to, and will increasingly lead to, problems. This includes problems of consistency, i.e. regulating organisms produced by some techniques and not others irrespective or their capacity to cause environmental harm." – "Our conclusion, that the EU's regulatory approach is not fit for purpose for organisms generated by new technologies, also applies to transgenic organisms produced by 'traditional' GM technology. … the potential for inconsistency is inherent because they may be phenotypically identical to organisms that are not regulated."
References Lusser, M. & Davies, H.V., (2013) Comparative regulatory approaches for groups of new plant breeding techniques, New Biotechnol. (in press) Minikel, E. (2013) TALENs and ZFNs, www.cureffi.org www.cureffi.org Pennisi, E. (2013) The CRISPR Craze, Science 341:833-836 Podevin, N. et. al, (2013) Site-directed nucleases: a paradigm shift in predictable, knowledge-based plant breeding, Trends in Biotechnology, 31:375- 383.
References European Commission, Directorate-General Environment, Working Group on the Establishment of a List of Techniques Falling under the Scope of Directive 2001/18/EC (unpublished, available as a leaked document, August 2013) Lusser, M. et al., (2011) New Plant Breeding Techniques: State-of-the-art and prospects for commercial development (JRC Scientific and Technical Reports). EFSA Panel on GMOs: Scientific opinion addressing the safety assessment of plants developed using ZFNs-3 and other SDN with similar functions, EFSA Journal 2012, 10(10:2943 (31 pp.)
References National Academy of Science (USA), Introduction of Recombinant DNA- Engineered Organisms into the Environment: Key Issues (1987) Advisory Committee on Releases to the Environment (ACRE), Report 2: Why a modern understanding of genomes demonstrates the need for a new regulatory system for GMOs. (Sept. 2013)
Wayne Parrott, Ph.D., Professor, Plant Breeding and Genomics, Crop & Soil Sciences, University of Georgia is coauthor of this PowerPoint. Thank you. email@example.com
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