text:
Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byIreland Mattix Modified about 1 year ago
Samkhya and Yoga
Samkhya The Samkhya system of Kapila was formulated in the 7 th century B.C. The system is most notable for its theory of evolution and for its reduction of the numerous categories of Nyaya and Vaisesika to two fundamental ones, namely, purusha and prakriti. Purusha signifies universal awareness and prakriti is creative energy.
The universal energy This had three modes (or gunas) of manifestation. They are sattva, rajas and tamas. Tamas is inertia, rajas is activity and sattva is the equilibrium of the two. Everything that we see and experience is said to be a combination or re-combination of these three gunas. Universal energy or prakriti is said to be unconscious and it is only through the presence of the conscious Purusha that evolution begins.
Tattvas or categories Tattva means "thatness". There are 23 categories. Mahat is the first product. It is not material but a mode of energy and is the basis of buddhi, or universal intelligence. Just as we distinguished between Brahman and atman in the Upanishads, Samkhya finds it convenient to distinguish between universal intelligence (mahat) and individual intelligence (buddhi). Buddhi is that mode of energy that operates as intelligence and is the basis of all mental processes.
Ahamkara or the ego sense Next in the hierarchy is ahamkara, or the ego. Three branches of evolution arise from the ego. From its sattva aspect arise manas (or mind), the five organs of perception, the five organs (or instruments) of action. From its tamas aspect evolve the subtle elements of nature, namely ether, air, fire, water and earth as well as the corresponding vibrations of sound, touch, form, taste and smell. The rajas aspect provides the energy for this evolution.
Samkhya and 'number' Samkhya in Sanskrit means "number" and the system is distinguished by its emphasis on enumeration of creative principles. The 2 principles of Purusha and Prakriti are its foundation. This is followed by the principle of 3 gunas. The 5 organs of perception, together with manas (mind) and ahamkara (ego) make a total of 7. Manas, together with organs of perception and organs of action, make a total of 11. These eleven, together with ahamkara and buddhi, make a total of 13. Ahamkara and manas, the ten organs or perception and action, together with the five subtle elements of sound, touch, form, taste, and smell give a total of 17 principles. These together with buddhi and prakriti give us 19. Finally, the number of principles evolving out of prakriti is 23.
The theory of knowledge According to Samkhya, there are three sources of knowledge: perception, inference and valid testimony. Comparison or analogy has been left out since this, it says, is included in the method of inference. "Knowledge of objects beyond the senses comes from inference based on analogy. Non-perception may be because of extreme distance, extreme proximity, injury to organs, non-steadiness of the mind, subtlety, veiling, suppression, and blending with what is similar. The non-perception of prakriti is due to its subtlety, not to its non-existence, since it is perceived in its effects."
What exactly is prakriti? Prakriti is material and includes everything seen and unseen. Vivekananda explains: "What we call matter in modern times was called … bhutas, the external elements. There is one element which according to them, is eternal. Every other element is produced out of this one. It is called akasha." "Along with this element, there is the primal energy called prana. Prana and akasha combine and recombine to form the elements out of them." "The akasha acted upon by the repeated blows of prana produces vayu, or vibrations, giving rise to heat, tejas." "Then, this heat ends in liquefaction, apah." "All that we know in the form of motion, vibration or thought is a modification of the prana, and everything that we know in the shape of matter is a modification of akasha." "You have never seen force without matter and matter without force. Both are gross manifestations of the superfine prana and akasha." "Prana, in English, is called, the vital force or the life force; but you must not restrict it to the life of human beings. At the same time, you must not identify it with the Atman. … Creation cannot have either a beginning or an end; it is an eternal ongoing."
Purusha and prakriti From the union of purusha and prakriti, the insentient prakriti appears as sentient. After stratifying the mental processes of cognition into various categories, the theory says, "Just as a picture does not exist without a substrate, or a shadow without a post or the like, so too the cognitive apparatus does not subsist support, without what is specific, that is, a subtle body (linga sarira)."
Vivekananda amplifies on Samkhya "Why does nature do all this? Nature is undergoing all these changes for the development of the soul; all this creation is for the benefit of the soul so that it may be free." "This immense book which we call the universe is stretched out before man so that he may read and discover eventually that he is an omniscient and omnipotent being." According to Samkhya, purusha has somehow identified itself with prakriti and this is the source of bondage. The role of prakriti, is to liberate us from this identification. Kapila, the author of Samkhya, says there is no need to postulate the existence of "God", if by this word we mean a "first cause". Causation is a concept and as such is a mental evolute. In this sense, purusha and prakriti are both eternal as they are not mental evolutes.
A brief history of Time Kapila says that the universe had no beginning nor an end, or more precisely, the notion of "beginning" does not make sense. This echoes with modern astrophysics. Stephen Hawking, in A Brief History of Time, writes, "The idea that space and time may form a closed surface without boundary also has profound implications for the role of God in the affairs of the universe. With the success of scientific theories in describing events, most people have come to believe that God allows the universe to evolve according to a set of laws and does not intervene in the universe to break these laws." "However, the laws do not tell us what the universe should have looked like when it started – it would still be up to God to wind up the clockwork and choose how to start it off. So long as the universe had a beginning, we could suppose it had a creator. But if the universe is really completely self-contained, having no boundary or edge, it would have neither beginning nor end; it would simply be. What place, then for a creator?"
Samkhya and "creation" Samkhya denies the "creation theory". The purusha somehow has identified itself with prakriti and seemingly appears to be bound. The purpose of prakriti is to liberate the purusha from this apparent identification. Ishvara Krishna, in the 3 rd century A.D. comments on Samkhya as follows. "Verily, no spirit is bound; nor does any migrate. … Nature alone, having many vehicles, is bound, migrates, and is released. Bondage, migration and release are ascribed to the spirit in the same manner as defeat and victory are attributed to the king, though actually occurring to his soldiers, because it is the servants that take part in the undertaking, the effects of which accrue to the king. In the same manner, experience and emancipation, though really not belonging to Nature, are attributed to the spirit, on account of the non-discrimination of spirit from Nature."
Yoga of Patanjali Patanjali's Yoga Sutras were written around the 2 nd century B.C. The system accepts the Samkhya metaphysics with only one difference. It introduces a "First Teacher" and calls it "Isvara". The philosophy is a discipline for the mind. It suspends metaphysical speculation and focuses on meditation and psychic control. It is also called raja yoga, the kingly path, and is one of the four yogas of the Gita.
How does knowledge arise? Knowledge arises from concentration of mind. Vivekananda writes with his characteristic humor, "Every science must have its own method of investigation. If you want to become an astronomer and sit down and cry "Astronomy! Astronomy!" it will never come to you. The same with chemistry. A certain method must be followed. You must go to the laboratory, take different substances, mix them up and compound them, experiment with them and out of that will come a knowledge of chemistry." "If you want to be an astronomer, you must go to an observatory, take a telescope, study the stars and planets, and then you will become an astronomer." "It is comparatively easy to observe facts in the external world, for many instruments have been invented for that purpose, but in the internal world, we have no instrument to help us. … The science of raja yoga proposes to give such a means … the instrument is the mind itself."
Mental modifications The first verse in the treatise is: yoga chitta vritti nirodah. Yoga is the restraint of mental modifications. That is, yoga is the control of thoughts and feelings. "They are restrained by practice and non-attachment (abhyasa and vairagya). Practice is repeated effort. … It becomes firm when it has been cultivated for a long time, with earnest devotion. Non-attachment is self-mastery."
States of mind Patanjali writes that the human is usually in one of five general states: wandering (ksipta), forgetful (mudha), occasionally steady or distracted (viksipta), one-pointed (ekagrata) and restrained (niruddha). The last two are referred to as higher levels of awareness. Normally, our mind is in the first states. The highest state Patanjali refers to as samadhi, or perfect understanding. It is said to be of two kinds: with image (savikalpa) and without image (nirvikalpa). The last stage is characterized by the fact that there is no thought wave in the mind, it is perfectly still, and supremely aware of itself.
Concentration "Concentration upon a single object may reach four stages: examination or questioning (vitarka), reflection or discernment (vichara), joyful peace (ananda), and unqualified egoism." Examination or inquiry refers to isolating what is to be attended to. The first step in concentrating the mind is to determine what to concentrate it on, to prioritize, to isolate the task before us and then, to begin.
Questioning as a means to concentration Quest and question are cognate words. In our quest for knowledge of the external or internal world, we may begin by questioning. Through proper questioning, the mind is concentrated. If we stop this questioning because the question is difficult, the mind slips back into the distracted state, a state with which we are all familiar with.
Refinement of questioning However, if we focus the mind by refining our questioning, then this leads to finer knowledge. As one reflects on this finer knowledge, one experiences a "joyful peace." This is the "Eureka" moment, or what is called a "peak experience" in modern psychology. It is accompanied by a feeling, "I understand." Beyond this stage is that of "unqualified egoism", where one experiences the sense of "I" without any object. This is reminiscent of the state Buddha experienced before he attained nirvana.
Aids to concentration "Concentration is achieved through faith, energy, recollection, absorption, and illumination." We have met the word "sraddha" before which roughly translates as "faith". But this faith is two- fold, one is in our ability and two is that the goal can be attained. When we examine our mind, we find a powerful undercurrent of "background thought." The early stages of concentration can be viewed as "house- cleaning", when we remove gross distractions. External distractions are easier to remove than internal distractions.
Internal obstacles are psychological "Internal obstacles arise from feeling incompetent for the task. They are slowly removed by repeated effort and energy." "Studying the experiences of others who have succeeded energizes the mind." This is called recollection. By recollection, concentration is sustained.
The river of knowledge or Isvara "The mighty river of teaching can be traced back to immemorial time. Isvara is the Teacher of even the ancient teachers, being not limited by time. Its manifesting word is Om." "The mind can be gathered and focused by awareness of the principle of Isvara. Here then, we find the value of study. Study gathers the mind. Life inspires life. The study of great lives energizes the mind and gathers it for the purpose of concentration.
Newton on concentration "If I have been able to see this far, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants." This attitude energizes the power of concentration. This is also the reason why many of the Upanishads give us a listing of how the teaching has been handed down from generation to generation. From my own experience, I can certify that such an awareness is a powerful motivation sustaining purpose and keeping the mind focused. This is called "devotion to Isvara."
What is gained by this devotion? "All mental obstacles are destroyed by this devotion." This is a departure from the methods of modern psychoanalysis. Mental obstacles are not destroyed by direct confrontation, but rather by devotion to "the mighty river of teaching and example." When we give attention to anything, that very thing becomes magnified. The way to diminish mental obstacles, according to Patanjali, is to keep focused on the goal "through devotion to Isvara".
What are the mental obstacles? "Disease, mental laziness, indecision, carelessness, sloth, sensuality, mistaken notion, missing the point, and instability cause distraction of the mind." In this system, once the goal has been fixed to concentrate the mind, the ethical and moral principles become corollaries. They are an aid to concentration. They are not the goal. "Undisturbed calmness of mind is attained by cultivating friendliness towards the happy, compassion to the unhappy, delight in the virtuous, and indifference to the wicked." Our relationships with others do have an effect on the mind. Ethical and moral principles are to minimize these disturbances and keep the mind calm.
Breathing and the mind Patanjali offers another method for calming the mind, namely, rhythmic breathing. This is called pranayama, or the regulation of the breathing. When our mind is disturbed, the breathing becomes irregular. At such moments, Patanjali says to sit alone and calm oneself by rhythmic breathing. Once the mind has been calmed, it is fit to begin meditation on a single idea such as the "light within" or the "illumined being" or "pure awareness." Concentration can also be achieved by fixing the mind on a divine form or symbol.
"As one thinks, so one becomes" As the mind learns to contemplate, it becomes subtle and at the same time, wide in its vision. "As one thinks, so one becomes." "Becoming like a transparent crystal, on the modifications disappearing, the mind acquires the power of thought transformation (samapatti), the power of appearing in the shape of whatever object is presented to it, be it the knower, the knowable or the act of knowing." The comparison is made to a piece of crystal. The crystal becomes colored by the object placed before it. Similarly, the mind becomes colored by the thought or idea it holds.
Sabda, artha and jnana As the mind holds a thought, it comes into contact with the matrix of associations represented by the idea. This contact has three aspects: word (sabda), meaning (artha) and knowledge (jnana), or deeper meaning. In the early stages of meditation, these three are mingled together and the mind is not able to separate them. As one goes deeper, the mind can separate and see the "meaning" alone or the "meaning of the meaning." This ultimately leads to the "seedless samadhi".
Ashtanga yoga The method to reach the higher level of awareness is the eight- limbed yoga, or ashtanga yoga. The eight limbs are: restraints (yamas), observances (niyamas), posture (asana), regulation of breath (pranayama), drawing in the senses (pratyahara), concentration (dharana), meditation (dhyana) and transcendence (samadhi). The restraints are five: non-injury (ahimsa), truthfulness (satyam), non-stealing (asteya), austerity (brahmacharya), and non-possession (aparigraha). These five embody ethical principles and bring calmness to the mind, making it fit for meditation. They are observances of the mind. Each is observed at three levels, thought, word and deed. Non-possession refers to the human tendency of being greedy, grasping, or extending the "tentacles of selfishness."
Niyama Observances (niyama) are five in number: cleanliness (sauca), contentment (santosha), austerity (tapas), study (svadhyaya), and devotion to Isvara (isvarapranidhana). By study, one means also the study of one's own mind. This consists in reflection and introspection. Perfection in this gives one greater control of mind. "Devotion to Isvara" means awareness of the "river of Teaching", since time immemorial. One becomes quite aware of this as background thought.
The manipulation of one's own mind "To obstruct thoughts which are inimical to yoga, contrary thoughts should be brought." Vivekananda explains: "If a big wave of anger has come into the mind, how are we to control that? Just by raising the opposite wave. Think of love. Sometimes a mother is very angry with her husband, and while in that state, the baby comes in, and she kisses the baby; old waves die out and a new wave arises, love for the child." This is seen in daily life. Suppose you are disturbed. Someone you like walks in, and brings you exciting news. The mood changes immediately, not gradually. Patanjali advocates this principle to manipulate both thought and feeling.
Posture (asana) and breathing (pranayama) These two steps have been expanded upon by the yogis over the centuries into a system of stretching exercises. Today they are called hatha yoga. The main idea is to keep the spinal column straight. The reason for this is that during meditation, nerve currents do get displaced and there is quite a lot of activity along the spinal column. In more practical terms, we can see a relationship between posture and mood. When we slouch, it is not only bad for the back, but slowly, the mind becomes sluggish. Thus, by controlling posture, we may control the mind. That is the idea.
Pratyahara or restraint of sense organs Restraint of sense organs is to be combined with concentration (dharana). When we contemplate an abstract idea, we automatically withdraw the senses from the external world. The outgoing tendency of the mind must be restrained. When we sit to do creative work, we find we are unable to start. This is restlessness of the mind. The best way to eliminate it is simply to begin the work at hand. Through effort, restlessness disappears.
The restless monkey Vivekananda relates the following story. "The mind has been often compared to a monkey. There was a monkey restless by his own nature, as all monkeys are." "As if that were not enough, someone made him drink freely of wine, so that he became more restless." "Then a scorpion stung him. When a man is stung by a scorpion, he jumps about for a whole day; so the poor monkey found his condition worse than ever." "To complete his misery, a demon entered into him. What language can describe the uncontrollable restlessness of that monkey?" "The human mind is like that monkey, incessantly active by its own nature. Then it becomes drunk with the wine of desire, increasing its turbulence." "After desire takes possession comes the sting of the scorpion of jealousy at the success of others, and last of all the demon of pride enters the mind, making it think itself of all importance." "How hard to control such a mind."
The role of creative work According to Patanjali, the best way to deal with restlessness of the mind is to put it in creative work and keep it engaged. Another way is to watch the bubbling of thoughts in a detached way and slowly, as one observes them, the oscillations decrease. Pratyahara is not to identify with the thought wave as it rises, but to watch it.
Dharana and dhyana "Dharana is holding the mind on to some particular object or idea. An unbroken flow of knowledge in that object or idea is dhyana." Dharana is concentration and dhyana is continued concentration. Many times, we find the mind becomes concentrated and inspired but has a tendency of not staying in that state for too long. In dharana, we try to increase the stamina for sustained concentration.
Samadhi or total absorption The final stage is samadhi. Patanjali writes that the three, dharana, dhyana and samadhi, comprise samyama and are to be taken together. The process has been compared to the trajectory of a three stage rocket, where the lower stages drop off at an appropriate time and the rocket can be propelled into the higher reaches of space.
What is samadhi? According to Patanjali, all spiritual personalities have either attained the state of samadhi or approximated it. Without a systematic self- discipline, some have stumbled upon it. Vivekananda writes, "There is a great danger in stumbling upon this state. In a good many cases, there is the danger of the brain being deranged and as a rule, you will find that all those men, however great they were, who had stumbled upon the superconscious state without understanding it, groped in the dark and generally had, along with their knowledge, some quaint superstition." "To get any reason out of the mass of incongruity we call human life, we have to transcend reason, but we must do it scientifically, slowly, by regular practice, and we must cast off all superstition." "We must take up the study of the superconscious just as any other science. On reason, we must lay our foundation; we must follow reason as far as it leads, and when reason fails, reason itself will show us the way to the highest plane." "When you hear a man say, "I am inspired" and then he talks irrationally, reject it. Why? Because these three states – instinct, reason, and superconsciousness, belong to one and the same mind. … Instinct develops into reason, reason into transcendental consciousness. Real inspiration never contradicts reason, but fulfils it."
Later developments of Patanjali's Yoga Patanjali's yoga sutras are an early attempt at the scientific study of the human mind. Patanjali cautions that the approach must be scientific, guided by reason and experience. Its methods and techniques can be applied by everyone. Later, this system was absorbed into Vedanta as part of the four-fold yoga.
Similar presentations
© 2017 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.


text:
It has been suggested that this article be merged into Deutsche Telekom. (Discuss) Proposed since November 2016. |
This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
Industry | Telecommunications |
Founded | September 18, 1990 |
Headquarters | Bonn, Germany |
Area served
Europe, United States, Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands |
Products | Wireless PDAs, Cellular Telephones, Tablets |
Services | Mobile communications, DSL |
Number of employees
36,000 |
Parent | Deutsche Telekom |
Subsidiaries | |
Website | www |
T-Mobile International AG was a German holding company for Deutsche Telekom AG's mobile communications subsidiaries.[1] From 2003 to 2007 T-Mobile International was one of Deutsche Telekom's segments beside the segments of 'Broadband/Fixnet', 'Business Customers' and 'Group HQ and Shared Services'. T-Mobile International AG lost relevance when Deutsche Telekom transformed its structure to adopt a regional setup (Germany, Europe, USA) in 2009 by combining its previously separated fixed and mobile subsidiaries to form integrated local businesses.[2]
T-Mobile International AG was based in Bonn, Germany and its subsidiaries operated GSM, UMTS and LTE-based cellular networks in Europe, the United States, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The company had financial stakes in mobile operators in both Central and Eastern Europe.
While currently the T-Mobile is used only in the US, Austria, Poland, Netherlands and the Czech Rupublic, back then brand was present in 13 European countries: Austria, Croatia (as Hrvatski telekom), Czech Republic, Albania, Germany (as Telekom), Hungary, Macedonia, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania and Slovakia, as well as the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.[3]
Globally, T-Mobile International's subsidiaries had a combined total of approximately 230 million subscribers. T-Mobile International was the world's thirteenth-largest mobile-phone service provider by subscribers and the fourth-largest multinational after the UK's Vodafone, India's Airtel, and Spain's Telefónica.[4]
Germany's first mobile-communications services were radiotelephone systems that were owned and operated by the state postal monopoly, Deutsche Bundespost. It launched the analog first-generation C-Netz ("C Network", marketed as C-Tel), Germany's first true mobile phone network in 1985.
On July 1, 1989, West Germany reorganized Deutsche Bundespost[5] and consolidated telecommunications into a new unit, Deutsche Bundespost Telekom.[6][7] On July 1, 1992, it began to operate Germany's first GSM network, along with the C-Netz, as its DeTeMobil subsidiary. The GSM 900 MHz frequency band was referred to as the "D-Netz", and Telekom named its service D1; the private consortium awarded the second license (now Vodafone Germany) chose the name D2.[8]
Deutsche Bundespost Telekom was renamed Deutsche Telekom AG on January 1, 1995 as part of phase two of the German communications reform.[6] This process of deregulation continued in November 1996, when DT was privatized and had the largest European IPO at the time, with the stock abbreviation 'DT 1'.[6][8][9] That same year, DT began to brand its subsidiaries with the T- prefix, renaming the DeTeMobil subsidiary T-Mobil.[citation needed]
In 2002, as DT consolidated its international operations, it anglicized the T-Mobil name to T-Mobile.[citation needed]
On July 5, 2005 Deutsche Telekom transformed its structure and adopted a regional setup (Germany, Europe, USA). Where available, the local mobile businesses were combined with the respective local wireline businesses to follow the integrated business aproach.
In late 2007, it was confirmed that the merger of the high-speed 3G and HSDPA networks operated by T-Mobile UK and 3 (UK) was to take place starting January 2008. This left T-Mobile and 3 with the largest HSDPA mobile phone network in the country.[citation needed]−−In 2009, France Télécom's Orange and DT, T-Mobile's parent, announced they were in advanced talks to merge their UK operations to create the UK's largest mobile operator.[10] In March 2010, the European Commission approved this merger on the condition that the combined company sell 25% of the spectrum it owns on the 1800 MHz radio band and amend a network sharing agreement with smaller rival 3.[11] The merger was completed the following month, the new company's name later being announced as EE. Orange and T-Mobile continued as separate brands in the market until 2015,[12] both run by the new parent company.[13]
Until 2000, T-Mobile was a shareholder of the former max.mobil. network. In April 2001, it acquired one hundred percent and subsequently introduced the T-Mobile brand in Austria by rebranding max.mobil. in April 2002 as T-Mobile Austria.
In 2005, it acquired former competitor tele.ring from Western Wireless International. It is now used as a discount brand. tele.ring is an Austrian mobile network operator. Since it was bought by T-Mobile in 2006, it is no longer a legally independent company. Tele.ring is administratively independent and now acts primarily as a discount-offer, similar to Yesss and BoB of A1. In the past, tele.ring was known for their aggressive price-politics.
T-Mobile entered the Croatian market in October 1999 when DT initially acquired a thirty-five percent interest in Hrvatski telekom, including its cell phone service provider Cronet. Two years later, DT signed an agreement with the Croatian government to acquire the additional 16 percent needed for a majority holding. In January 2003, Hrvatski Telekom assembled all of its mobile activities under a single brand HTmobile. Finally, in October 2004, HTmobile became T-Mobile Hrvatska, or T-Mobile Croatia, thus joining the global T-Mobile family also by name.[citation needed] Since January 1, 2010, Hrvatski Telekom and T-Mobile Croatia merged into one company on the Croatian market under the name Hrvatski Telekom (in English: Croatian Telecom); the T-Mobile brand remained active in the mobile-business area and T-Com in the fixed-business area until 2013 when they were replaced by unified brand "Hrvatski Telekom".
Czech Republic[edit]
T-Mobile was previously known as Paegas in the Czech Republic. T-Mobile Czech Republic a.s. has been operating in the Czech market since 1996.[18] As of December 31, 2014, 6 million customers were using T-Mobile services.[19]
T-Mobile Czech Republic a.s. operates a public mobile communications network on the GSM standard in the 900 and 1800 MHz bands and is also authorized to operate a UMTS network. On October 19, 2005, T-Mobile was the first operator in the Czech Republic to launch this third-generation technology under the name Internet 4G.[20]
Germany's initial mobile communications services were radiotelephone systems that were owned and operated by the state postal monopoly, Deutsche Bundespost. These early mobile communications networks were referred to as the "A" and "B" networks.
Deutsche Bundespost Telekom built Germany's first cellular mobile network, an analog, first-generation system referred to as the "C" network or C-Netz. The network became operational in 1985 and services were marketed under the C-Tel brand. Following German reunification in 1990, the "C" network was extended to the former East Germany.
On July 1, 1992, Deutsche Bundespost Telekom's DeTeMobil subsidiary began operating Germany's first GSM 900 MHz frequency cellular network, which the organization referred to as D-Netz. Digital GSM services were marketed under the "D1" brand and DeTeMobil continued to sell analog cellular services concurrently under the existing C-Tel brand. In 1994, DeTeMobil introduced short message service (SMS) services.
In 1996, DT began to brand its subsidiaries with the T- prefix, renaming the DeTeMobil subsidiary T-Mobil and rebranding the GSM cellular network T-D1. C-Netz was renamed to T-C-Tel. The T-C-Tel / C-Netz services were fully discontinued in 2000.
D1 introduced prepaid service called Xtra in 1997.[21]
Despite the numerous changes in subsidiary names and brands, Germans sometimes continue to use the T-D1 name within Germany and refer to T-Mobile as D1. On 1 April 2010, after the T-Home and T-Mobile German operations merged to form Telekom Deutschland GmbH, a wholly owned DT subsidiary; the T-Mobile brand was discontinued in Germany and replaced with the Telekom brand.[22]
On May 1, 2004, the same day as Hungary joined the European Union, the former company, named Westel (which was owned entirely by the former Matáv) changed its name, and the entire marketing. Westel was the most popular cellphone network in Hungary at the time. The company was called T-Mobile Hungary, but after some financial decisions, as with the other T- companies, it formed to Magyar Telekom Nyrt. Mobil Szolgáltatások Üzletág (Hungarian Telekom, Mobile Services Business Unit), but they still say T-Mobile. T-Mobile also provides high-speed services, like EDGE, 3G, and HSDPA in Hungary's major cities.[citation needed]
In Republic of Macedonia, T-Mobile was previously known as Mobimak. The company has been operating in the Macedonian market since 1996. On 7 September 2006, Mobimak accepted the international T-Mobile branding. By June 2007, T-Mobile reached one million subscribers, out of which 85 percent were active and using their services. T-Mobile MK covers 98 percent of the population. It has a GSM 900 licence, offers GPRS, MMS and mobile internet services using T-Mobile HotSpots and has implemented the EDGE fast mobile internet specification. T-Mobile Macedonia applied for a UMTS licence on 1 August 2007. From 1 July T-Mobile ceased to exist as a legal entity and was replaced by the Telekom brand. The carrier name is now Telekom.mk. The codes are 070/071/072.[citation needed]
The T-Mobile brand entered the Montenegrin market in 2006 through the acquisition of MoNet GSM mobile provider. T-Mobile Montenegro (T-Mobile Crna Gora) is fully owned by T-Crnogorski Telekom, which is itself owned by Magyar Telekom, a DT subsidiary. Although the acquisition by Magyar Telekom was done in 2005, it was not until 26 September 2006, that the MoNet GSM operator was re-branded as T-Mobile Montenegro.[citation needed]
MoNet GSM launched on July 1, 2000, as part of Telecom Montenegro. It became an independent incorporated limited-liability company a month later, on 1 August 2000. The company currently[when?] holds around 34 percent of the Montenegrin market and uses GSM 900, GPRS, and EDGE technologies. Since 21 June 2007, 3G/UMTS services have been available in larger cities as well as on the coast.[citation needed]
Deutsche Telekom entered the Dutch market by the acquisition of Ben on 20 September 2002. In 2007, T-Mobile Netherlands, a wholly owned subsidiary of T-Mobile International, acquired Orange Netherlands from France Télécom for EUR 1.33 billion. This makes it the third largest mobile telephone operator in the country behind KPN and Vodafone.[citation needed]
T-Mobile Polska serves over thirteen million customers,[23] and owns licenses for 900, 1800, 2100 MHz bands which are used for GSM, WCDMA and LTE.[24] Formerly Era, rebranding took place[25] on 5 June 2011. T-Mobile Poland with Orange Polska have consolidated their infrastructure and used this opportunity to roll out 3G coverage using 900 MHz band.[26]
The T-Mobile brand entered the Slovak market in May 2005, after rebranding the EuroTel network from Eurotel Bratislava to T-Mobile Slovensko nowadays Telekom. The company Eurotel Bratislava was partially owned by Slovak Telekom, an incumbent fixed-line operator, which later acquired a one hundred percent stake in Eurotel Bratislava. T-Mobile International and DT never owned T-Mobile Slovensko directly; DT is partially owner of Slovak Telekom and thus T-Mobile International has procurement managing function within T-Mobile Slovensko. On 1 July 2010, Slovak Telekom and T-Mobile Slovensko merged into one company on the Slovak market under the name Telekom; T-Mobile brand no more remains active in the mobile-business area, as well as the T-Com in the fixed-business area.
The Telekom network provides services on three networks GSM (900/1800 MHz), UMTS (2100 MHz), Flash OFDM (450 MHz). Mobile data services are provided on 4G, 3G, GSM network with EDGE extension and on UMTS with DC-HSPA+ 42 Mbit/s[27] and HSUPA 5,8 Mbit/s. Flash OFDM is one of two commercially successfully launched solely data networks in the world. It supports upload speed up to 5.8 Mbit/s.
United Kingdom[edit]
T-Mobile UK started life as Mercury One2One, the world's first GSM 1800 mobile network.[28] It was originally operated by the now-defunct Mercury Communications.[29] Later known simply as One 2 One, it was purchased by DT in 1999[30] and rebranded as T-Mobile in 2002.[31]
T-Mobile offered both pay-as-you-go and pay-monthly contract phones. T-Mobile launched their 3G UMTS services in the Autumn of 2003.
T-Mobile UK's network was also used as the backbone network behind the Virgin Mobile virtual network.
United States[edit]
T-Mobile US provides wireless voice, messaging, and data services in the United States, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands under the T-Mobile, MetroPCS and GoSmart Mobile brands. The company operates the third largest wireless network in the U.S.[32][33] market with over 65.5 million customers[34] and annual revenues of $32 billion.[35] Its nationwide network reaches 98 percent of Americans,[36][37] through its EDGE 2G/HSPA 3G/HSPA+ 4G/4G LTE networks, as well as through roaming agreements (see section: Radio frequency spectrum chart). As of 2011[update], J. D. Power and Associates, a global marketing-information-services firm, ranked the company highest among major wireless carriers for retail-store satisfaction four years consecutively and highest for wireless customer care two years consecutively.[38][39][40][41]
The company owns licences to operate a 1900 MHz GSM PCS digital cellular network and a 1700 MHz UMTS AWS digital cellular network that cover areas of the continental U.S., Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. It provides coverage in areas where it does not own radio frequency spectrum licenses via roaming agreements with other operators of compatible networks. In addition to its cellular mobile network, T-Mobile US operates a nationwide Wi-Fi Internet-access network under the T-Mobile HotSpots brand. The T-Mobile HotSpot service offers access to a nationwide network of approximately 8,350 access points, installed in venues such as Starbucks coffeehouses, FedEx Office Office and Print Centers, Hyatt hotels and resorts, Red Roof Inns, Sofitel hotels, Novotel hotels, the airline clubs of American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, United Airlines and US Airways, and airports.[42]
T-Mobile US, Inc. traces its roots to the 1994 establishment of VoiceStream Wireless PCS as a subsidiary of Western Wireless Corporation. Spun off from parent Western Wireless on 3 May 1999, VoiceStream Wireless Corporation was purchased by Deutsche Telekom on 31 May 2001, for $35 billion and renamed T-Mobile USA, Inc. in July 2002.[43][44][45] This legacy is reflected in some mismatch between US and German T-Mobile service, notably the frequency mismatch making phones inoperative in the other country, and picture messaging issues (non-delivery of pictures in text messages) between those networks.
After a failed attempt by AT&T in 2011 to purchase the company in an $39 billion stock and cash offer (which was withdrawn after being faced with significant regulatory and legal hurdles, along with heavy resistance from the U.S. government),[46] T-Mobile USA announced its intent to merge with MetroPCS Communications, Inc., the sixth largest carrier in the U.S., to improve its competitiveness with other national carriers; the deal was approved by the Department of Justice and Federal Communications Commission in March 2013.[47][48][49] The merger agreement gave Deutsche Telekom the option to sell its 72% stake in the merged company, valued at around $14.2 billion, to a third-party before the end of the 18-month lock-up period.[50] On 1 May 2013, the combined company, now known as T-Mobile US, began trading on the New York Stock Exchange as a public company.[51]
According to OpenSignal's "State of the Mobile Network", T-Mobile has the second best network.[52]
The five-note T-Mobile audio logo was composed by Lance Massey[53] in 1999, and was originally part of the song ("Hello Ola" by Clan Chi) used to promote DT's Tour de France bicycle team.
T-Mobile's parent company, Deutsche Telekom, currently serves as the kit sponsor for German Bundesliga club FC Bayern Munich. T-Mobile was also the official sponsor of English Football League Championship side West Bromwich Albion and previously sponsored Rotherham United as well as Scottish Premier League clubs Rangers and Celtic.
T-Mobile co-sponsored Everton with the One2One brand and they also sponsored the 2002 FA Youth Cup Final. T-Mobile was also a kit sponsor for English club Birmingham City. The phone company is also involved in sponsoring leagues such as the Austrian Football Bundesliga, which is named the T-Mobile Bundesliga. It was also the official global mobile phone carrier for the 2006 FIFA World Cup football tournament in Germany and sponsored its own cycling team, the T-Mobile Team (later Team HTC-High Road).
T-Mobile also has banner ads at some matches of Mexico's top association football league, Liga MX, despite not having a presence in that country.[54]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to T-Mobile. |
- ^ "Annual Report 2006 PDF (see page 76)" (PDF). www.e-paper.telekom.com. Deutsche Telekom AG. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
- ^ "Deutsche Telekom - The 2009 financial year. Toward the new Deutsche Telekom. - Group organization.". www.annualreport-archive.telekom.com. Retrieved 2017-01-24.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Deutsche Telekom: Worldwide". www.telekom.com. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
- ^ "Deutsche Telekom: Deutsche Telekom Stabilizes Business in the Second Quarter and Confirms Forecast for Full Year 2009". Deutsche Telekom. Archived October 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "PostUmwG - nichtamtliches Inhaltsverzeichnis". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
- ^ a b c "Deutsche Telekom: Telecommunication milestones". www.telekom.com.
- ^ "GG - Einzelnorm". www.gesetze-im-internet.de.
- ^ a b "Privatization and Deregulation". www1.american.edu.
- ^ Waesche, Niko Marcel (2003). Internet Entrepreneurship in Europe: Venture Failure and the Timing of Telecommunications Reform. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 162–164. ISBN 978-1-84376-135-8.
- ^ The T-Mobile, Orange Merger: How Will It Affect You? | CHOOSE BROADBAND[dead link]
- ^ "Orange and T-Mobile Cleared for Mobile Merger by EU". BBC News. March 1, 2010. Retrieved March 1, 2010.
- ^ "Deutsche Telekom and France Telecom Announce Completion of UK Merger" (Press release). Newsroom.orange.co.uk. 2010-04-01. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^ "Orange and T-Mobile Unveil Joint Venture Name, Team, Vision and Plans" (Press release). Newsroom.orange.co.uk. 2011-05-10. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^ "Deutsche Telekom in the Czech Republic".Deutsche Telekom
- ^ http://www.teltarif.de/telekom-mobilfunk-quartal-sim-karten-2016/news/63794.html
- ^ http://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/3028/umfrage/marktanteile-der-netzbetreiber-am-mobilfunkmarkt-in-deutschland-seit-1998/
- ^ https://www.t-mobile.nl/bedrijf/over-ons/feiten-en-cijfers
- ^ https://www.t-mobile.cz/dcpublic/IFSR_2004_EN.pdf
- ^ https://www.telekom.com/company/worldwide/60742
- ^ "INTERNET 4G - THE FIRST CZECH UMTS". T-Mobile Czech Republic a.s. Retrieved 2013-11-30.
- ^ T-Mobile.de Mobilfunk History Archived December 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "T-Mobile ist jetzt Telekom" (in German). Telekom Deutschland GmbH. 2010-04-01. Retrieved 2012-06-30.
- ^ "About T-Mobile in Poland". t-mobile.pl. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^ "Ranges of frequencies allocated for mobile network operators". uke.gov.pl. Retrieved 2015-03-15.
- ^ Zielińska, Urszula; Dec, Łukasz (2011-01-17). "Era zmieni markę i kolor, zaoferuje telewizję" (in Polish). Presspublica. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^ "Koniec modernizacji sieci T-Mobile już we wrześniu". t-mobile-trendy.pl. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
- ^ "T-Mobile launches new DC-HSPA+ network in 5 cities" (in Slovak) - 2011-10-13
- ^ Powered by DMflex WebGen --- www.dmflex.com (2011-09-21). "History ~ GSM World". Gsmworld.com. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^ "Mercury One-2-One Challenges the U.K. Cellular Competition". Mobile Phone News (via FindArticles). 13 September 1993.
- ^ "One 2 One Sale Agreed". BBC News. 1999-08-06. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
- ^ "One 2 One To Rebrand as T-Mobile". brandrepublic.com.
- ^ "T-Mobile Rises to 3rd Place, Beats Sprint in Carrier Ranking". eweek.com.
- ^ "Sprint announces Q1 2015 earnings – It's still ahead of T-Mobile, but only just". TmoNews. May 5, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
- ^ "T-Mobile Delivers Unparalleled Financial Results - Tops Revenue and Adjusted EBITDA Estimates".
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "4G LTE Network w/ Fast Data | Test Drive Our 4G LTE Network | T-Mobile". T-Mobile. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ International Prepaid Phone Plans Archived May 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ "J.D. Power Awards T-Mobile For Best Customer Service". DSL Reports. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ "T-Mobile USA receives J.D. Power award". Wireless Industry News. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ "T-Mobile Ranks Highest in J.D. Power Customer Care Survey". BrightHand.com. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ "T-Mobile wins J.D. Power award for customer satisfaction, again". PhoneDog. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ "T-Mobile HotSpot Location". t-mobile.com.
- ^ "VoiceStream Will Now Be Called T-Mobile". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 2002-07-18. Archived from the original on 2011-04-28. Retrieved 2011-04-27.
T-Mobile, formerly VoiceStream, made its debut yesterday with television, radio and newspaper advertisements in California and Nevada. Over the next few months, the VoiceStream brand will be completely phased out in other cities in favor of T-Mobile.
- ^ Race, Shayndi; Das, Anupreeta (2011-03-21). "AT&T To Buy Rival in $39 Billion Deal". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 2011-04-28. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
AT&T Inc. said it was buying T-Mobile USA from Deutsche Telekom AG for $39 billion in cash and stock, a move that would create the nation's largest wireless carrier...
- ^ Heberlein, Greg (1999-05-04). "Profit-Taking Pulls Dow Under 11,000". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 2011-04-28. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
The Western Wireless-VoiceStream Cellular split, effective yesterday...
- ^ Lee, Timothy B. (2011-12-19). "AT&T admits defeat on T-Mobile takeover, will pay $4 billion breakup fee". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2013-07-09.
- ^ "T-Mobile USA, MetroPCS to combine". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
- ^ Lloyd, Craig. "T-Mobile, MetroPCS merger gets approval from Department of Justice". Slashgear. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- ^ Volpe, Joseph. "FCC approves T-Mobile - MetroPCS deal, deems the merger will 'serve the public interest'". Engadget. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- ^ Rahn, Cornelius. "Deutsche Telekom Can Sell T-Mobile Before Share Lock-Up Ends". Bloomberg. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
- ^ Rodriguez, Salvador (2013-05-01). "Combined T-Mobile-MetroPCS debuts on N.Y. Stock Exchange as 'TMUS'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2013-07-09.
- ^ Pegoraro, Rob (August 4, 2016). "OpenSignal's "State of the Mobile Network reports T-Mobile as second-best network". Yahoo Tech. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
- ^ Maxim Magazine, 100th issue, April 2006, p160
- ^ [2][dead link]

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Share via Email
Mint Theater's Mary Broome Extended Through October 28
Bethany Rickwald • New York City • Oct 1, 2012
The Mint Theater has announced that its production of Allan Monkhouse's Mary Broome will extend through October 28. Jonathan Bank directs the show.
The 1912 comedy centers on a household turned upside down when Mary, the housemaid, becomes pregnant by Leonard, the wayward son of the home's owners.
The cast features Rod Brogan, Janie Brookshire, Katie Fabel, Kristin Griffith, Roderick Hill, Julie Jesneck, Patricia Kilgarriff, Graeme Malcolm, Douglas Rees, Erica Swindell, and Jill Tanner.
For more information and tickets to Mary Broome, click here.
Share via Email
Want more stories like these?
Don't show this again.


text:
- Home
- Government
- City Government
- Departments & Offices
- Treasurer
- Make a Payment
- Vehicle License Fee
You have several options for paying your vehicle license fee.
You can pay your vehicle license fee online with an electronic check by using our Easy Check program.
You can pay your vehicle license fee with a major credit card through Invoice Cloud however there is a nominal fee associated with this transaction. Learn more about Invoice Cloud fees online.
You can pay your vehicle license fee through your online bank account. When you use this method to pay taxes, please make a separate payment per tax account number. Also, if it is a combination bill, please include both the vehicle license fee amount and VLF amount as a grand total for each tax account number.
Payment may be made by check, certified check or money order and sent to one of the addresses below. If you would like a receipt, please enclose a self-addressed stamped envelope.
In-person payments may be made by cash, check, cashiers check, money order, or credit card (Discover only for in person). The drop off locations are located at each branch of the Treasurer's Office. If you wish to pay after hours, both locations have a drop box. The drop box for 2400 Washington Avenue is located by the main entrance. The drop box for 12912 Jefferson Avenue is located by the drive through. Please pay by check, money order or cashiers check (no cash) with the account(s) clearly marked that you wish to pay.
If you have a specific question regarding vehicle license fees, please consult our Vehicle License Fee FAQ or call the Treasurer's Office at 757-926-8731.
Monday - Friday
Please view our Hours & Locations page for a complete listing of important phone numbers.


text:
Christopher Allen McKiver has a felony drug conviction from 2009 which precludes him from possessing a firearm.
More: continued here
This entry was posted on Thursday, April 30th, 2015 at 5:04 pm and is filed under Wilmington. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Responses are currently closed, but you can trackback from your own site.
|Home| |Events| |Attractions| |Accommodations| |Restaurants| |Golf| |Beaches| |Jobs| |Getting Here| |Climate| |Directory| |News| |Advertise| |Contact Us|


text:
Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published bySummer Garren Modified about 1 year ago
River to River CWMA: Addressing the Issue of Invasive Plants in Southern Illinois Christopher Evans, River to River CWMA Coordinator
Outline ► What is a CWMA ► River to River CWMA Area Members Goals ► Invasive Plants Definitions Problems CWMA species ► Solutions
What is a CWMA? ► Cooperative Weed Management Area ► Collaborative effort between multiple agencies and organizations to coordinate efforts and programs for managing invasive plants ► Well-defined area – counties, watersheds, regions etc. ► Different scopes – one species, suite of species, habitats, etc.
Cooperation is Key "Conservation can be achieved only be the cooperative efforts of agencies, organizations, and individuals across the nation." - Natural Resource Conservation Service Strategic Plan 2005-2010
River to River CWMA ► Formally established in 2006 ► Coordinator hired in April, 2007 ► Address terrestrial and aquatic non-native invasive plants in Southern Illinois
11 Southernmost Counties in Illinois Alexander Gallatin Hardin Jackson Johnson Massac Pope Pulaski Saline Williamson Union
River to River CWMA ► Members Shawnee National Forest Illinois Department of Natural Resources Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge Cypress Creek National Wildlife Refuge The Nature Conservancy USDA Natural Resource Conservation Service Illinois Department of Transportation Illinois Department of Agriculture University of Illinois – Extension USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Shawnee Resource Conservation and Development Area, Inc. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
River to River CWMA Goal "Work cooperatively in inventorying, monitoring, controlling, and preventing the spread of non-native invasive plants across jurisdictional boundaries in the 11 southern counties in Illinois." - RTR CWMA Memorandum of Understanding, 2006
River to River CWMA Goal ► By coordinating our efforts, we can: Reduce the costs and time of management activities Manage across boundaries Pool available resources Increase the chances of success Better detect/prevent new introductions Better raise public awareness about invasive plants Prioritize issues
Synergy – Getting more out of your work through coordination
Weeds Can't Read! Jil Swearingen, NPS
Synergy – Getting more out of your work through coordination Landowner ALandowner B
Synergy – Getting more out of your work through coordination Landowner ALandowner B$$$
Need for Cooperation "There is a bountiful seed source of many of the exotic/invasive species on the lands surrounding the Refuge, thus in order to be effective in our management plans, we must bring together a complex set of interests including private landowner, commercial, and public agencies." - Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan, page 24
Invasive Species ► Not native to Southern Illinois ► Introduced ► Ability to reproduce in the wild ► Potential to spread and cause economic or ecological damage Loss of species diversity Loss of ecosystem functions Loss of productivity Loss of wildlife habitat
Loss of productivity ► Bush honeysuckle invasion leads to a decline in the growth rate of trees by over 50% - Hartman and McCarthy 2007 Troy Evans, EKU
Invasive Species ► New habitat is free of natural predators, parasites, and diseases Often gives exotic plants a competitive edge over native species ► Can readily invade disturbed areas due to: High seed production Quick maturation time Efficient methods of seed dispersal Allelopathic effects of some invasives?
Allelopathy Some plants give off chemicals through their roots that kill/inhibit other plants
Allelopathy ► Garlic Mustard release chemicals from its roots that kills the native micorrhizal community Native plants depend upon micorrhizae to help absorb nutrients from the soil Even after garlic mustard control, recolonization of the site by micorrhizae may be slow Restoration efforts hampered
Invasive Species Damage ► Invade and occupy space before native species can colonize ► Grow over, crowd, or girdle native species ► Cast heavy shade and form dense monocultures, limiting the ability of native plants to grow ► Close-in open areas ► Limit animal and human movement through an area ► Limit recreational activities ► Overwhelm seedbanks Once the invasive is cleared, only new invasives come back
Invade and occupy space before native species can colonize Autumn olive and sericea lespedeza invading old roadbed
Grow over, crowd, or girdle native species Kudzu overwhelming a hardwood forest
Cast heavy shade and form dense monocultures Japanese stiltgrass forming a solid mat of vegetation
Close-in open areas Bush honeysuckle invading an opening in a savanna restoration
Limit animal and human movement through an area Multiflora rose thorns – a serious deterrent to anything trying to travel through an infested area
Limit Recreational Activities Curly leaf pondweed infestation, reducing the ability of anglers to fish
Overwhelm seedbanks Rosettes of garlic mustard, showing domination of seedbank
Invasive Plants of Southern Illinois ► Autumn olive ► Bush honeysuckle ► Chinese yam ► Common reed (Phragmites) ► Crown vetch ► Curly leaf pondweed ► Eurasian watermilfoil ► Garlic mustard ► Japanese honeysuckle ► Japanese hops ► Japanese knotweed ► Japanese stiltgrass ► Johnsongrass ► Kudzu ► Multiflora rose ► Musk thistle ► Oriental bittersweet ► Princess tree ► Purple loosestrife ► Reed canarygrass ► Sawtooth oak ► Sericea lespedeza ► Tree-of-heaven
Other species we do not know about? Time Abundance
Other species we do not know about? ► Need for an Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) System Any new or suspected invasive species is reported Identification/threat is verified If so, necessary steps are taken to eradicate or contain infestation
Which is Easier to Control?
Need for Control and Management "Exotic and invasive plant species pose one of the greatest threats to the maintenance and restoration of the diverse habitats found on the Refuge." - Crab Orchard National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan, page 24 "Eradicate, control, and prevent the introduction of invasive exotic species" - One of six primary challenges set forth at the beginning of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources State Wildlife Action Plan
Need for Control and Management "Non-native invasive species must be controlled or eradicated." - Shawnee National Forest, Land and Resource Management Plan "We control invasive species because they are harming the native plants and animals we care so much about protecting." - The Nature Conservancy Global Invasive Species Initiative website: http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/
What are you doing about it? – CWMA Projects Strategic Planning ► Develop a CWMA strategic plan Informs agency's management decisions Prioritize species Direct management activities Defines goals and objectives for CWMA
What are you doing about it? – CWMA Projects Educational campaign ► Contact and inform anyone that has the potential to cause or prevent the spread of invasive species Hunter and angler community Other outdoor recreationists Fish/water garden stores Plant nurseries Loggers Etc.
Prevention "First line of defense and the most cost effective strategy against invasive species" - National Invasive Species Management Plan ► Reduced use ► Sanitation ► Inspection ► Proper disposal
Prevention Fill dirt pile infested with musk thistle Kris Johnson, NPS
What are you doing about it? – CWMA Projects Control and ID trainings ► For agency personnel, land owners, and the general public Identification Need for control Management issues Control recommendations
What are you doing about it? – CWMA Projects ► Invasive species distribution data collection and mapping SIU database 8,000 records for Southern Illinois ► Continued collection of data Training volunteers Surveys ► Online mapping system (eventually)
What are you doing about it? – CWMA Projects ► Management on public lands and natural areas U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest Service, Illinois DNR, The Nature Conservancy ► Management and prevention in roadside maintenance and construction areas ILDOT ► Survey, Inspection, and Detection USDA-APHIS and Department of Agriculture ► Research on invasive species biology and management SIU ► Technical assistance University of Illinois Extension and NRCS ► Cost share programs NRCS and Illinois DNR ► Educational programs/Early Detection program Everyone
Get Involved ► Learn to identify the invasive species in your area ► Report any infestations of new invasive species (firstname.lastname@example.com) ► Start a control program on your land ► Do not plant or spread invasive species ► Talk to local groups/communities about invasive species ► Talk to your local and state government about invasive species
Get Involved ► Sign up for newsletter / email list ► Talk to me email@example.com 618-998-5920 ► On the web: www.???????????? ► Contact any of the CWMA members for more specifics on their programs (contact information available at CWMA website)
Similar presentations
© 2017 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.


text:
20 & 30 Somethings Seattle - Happy hours to hikes - All fun! Message Board › Jai Ho! Back To The "BOLLYWOOD" Future
A former member |
Bollywood Dreams Entertainment Presents:
—————————————————————————— Jai Ho! Back To The "BOLLYWOOD" Future Featuring Bollywood and American hits from the 80s —————————————————————————— Come see what happens when turntables become time machines, rocking you back to a time when the colors were loud and the music was louder. Dress to impress in your best 80′s Outfit! Join us before 10 pm for just $5 and enjoy Bollywood Dance Lessons! —————————————————————————— 80′s and latest Bollywood, Bhangra and World Dance Music mixed in his signature style… By Prashant – Singer, Dancer, DJ —————————————————————————— Saturday May 21 2011 your Capitol Hill home-away-from-home: Chop Suey 1325 E. Madison St, Seattle WA —————————————————————————— Proudly associated with: www.TwoMangoes.com South Asian Dating, Done Right! —————————————————————————— Community Partners www.SeattleIndian.com Mayuri Food and Video A One Stop Shopping for all your grocery, latest Indian movies, sweets & Authentic Cuisine —————————————————————————— 9:00 pm – Doors open 10:00 pm – Bollywood Dance lessons to a 80′s song w/ Prashant ALL NIGHT – Join DJ Prashant for a night of 80s East meets 80s West in a titanic explosion of awesome all night long —————————————————————————— The Details Doors at 9 pm – 21+ w/ proper ID – Party late till 2:00 am! - First 50 ladies FREE upon RSVP email to firstname.lastname@example.com - $5 advance physical tickets at Mayuri Video - $5 before 10 pm at the door - $10 at the door after 10 pm —————————————————————————— For more info: www.JaiHoParty.com |
Meetup members, Log in
By clicking "Sign up" or "Sign up using Facebook", you confirm that you accept our Terms of Service & Privacy Policy


text:
Part #: 236HB
Combination Steel Rule Depth/Angle Gage # 236HB
Manufacturer: Starrett
Range/Size: 0-6"
Graduations: 32nds/64ths
Price: $84.50
Product Description:
236HB Starrett Combination Steel Rule Depth and Angle Gage with Hook and Rod: 0-6"
The Starrett 236HB Combination Steel Rule Depth and Angle Gage with Hook and Rod has the following specifications:
- Range: 0-6"
- Graduations: 32nds, 64ths
- Angle Degrees: 30°, 45°, 60°
- With Hook and Rod
This depth gage has an added feature permitting its use as a protractor for measuring angles. It is a simple, handy tool that is a welcome addition to any machinist's toolbox.
- The head is graduated both left and right to 30, 45, and 60 degrees. The rule can be set to any of these angles by swinging the rule until the line on the turret coincides with the desired angle.
- Head is made of hardened steel, ground, and nicely polished – 2-5/8" (66mm) long and 1/8" (3mm) wide
- One side of the base is cut out to permit easier and more accurate readings.
- The center of the head is recessed so that the tool will lay flat to permit more accurate measurements.
- A tempered rule that has been accurately machined divided is smoothly fitted to the head and can be locked in position by a knurled nut.
The 236H series are versatile gages that can be used for calipering, as a depth gage by simply reversing the rule, as a protractor, and as a hook rule when removed from the tool.
Features are the same as the 236 except that a hook rule and an extra 6" (150mm) long rod are furnished with this gage. The rod has a 5/64" (2mm) diameter so it can measure the depth of small holes, slots, and recesses that the rule will not enter.
Starrett 236 & 236H Depth Gages - Combination Steel Rule and Angle Gages:


text:
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (AP) — A New Mexico family finally has a small bit of closure with confirmation that skeletal remains found at El Malpais National Monument were their loved ones, but mystery lingers over how they died on a day hike among the rugged lava beds where five other people have gone missing in recent years.
James Chatman, 46, and his daughter, Crystal Tuggle, 20, vanished eight years ago while on an annual trip to mark his birthday and Father's Day. The remains were found in a remote area of El Malpais — Spanish for the Badlands — along with tattered pieces of clothing and weathered credit cards. Officials say there's no sign of foul play.
Positive identification of the remains came Friday from the Office of the Medical Investigator. The family said that would help bring some closure, but they still have many questions.
"It just doesn't make sense to me. There's too many what-ifs — where they were found, the time frame. You can't even comprehend," Tuggle's older sister, Jennifer Tuggle, told The Associated Press in an interview Friday.
El Malpais is 160 square miles of jumbled lava flows, caves and tunnels mixed with sand, cactus and yucca plants. Since the father and daughter disappeared, monument spokeswoman Leslie DeLong said at least five more people have gone missing in the same general area.
"It's not what I would consider a typical hiking environment. It's a place where you're in very rugged terrain, where it's easy to become disoriented," she said.
Chatman and Tuggle had an annual ritual of taking on an outdoors activity every year, said Tuggle's grandmother, Marilyn Pitney of Santa Fe.
"It was Father's Day and birthday time, so they went on a hike together, which was pretty normal for them," Pitney said.
They had gone whitewater rafting in 2001 and had planned to go to Spirit Mountain in Arizona the next year, then wildfires put a kink in their plans. They hiked instead into El Malpais south of Grants on June 20, 2002. It was their first visit to that part of northwestern New Mexico.
A National Park Service archaeological team saw them late that afternoon just before they set off on a half-mile walk from a parking lot to an attraction called Big Tubes, 17 miles of tunnels and troughs created by the lava. DeLong said the team remembered they had a water bottle but no hiking boots or backpack.
Their disappearance set off a massive ground-and-air search involving 250 people and teams of sniffer dogs. They found nothing.
A natural resources survey crew finally came across the remains Tuesday. The bones were scattered in a rough part of the monument about five miles from where the pair went missing, DeLong said.
"We don't know exactly how they got to where they were. There's still a lot that is being investigated at this point," she said.
DeLong said the remains will be sent to a forensic lab in Texas in an effort to find out more about how the pair died.
A search crew set out Wednesday at dawn to retrieve the remains. They moved carefully, with thunderstorms bringing heavy rain and lightning to much of the state that day, and the jagged basalt beds that make up the monument are known for attracting lightning, though there are no indications that bad weather played a role in the disappearance.
Jennifer Tuggle said she couldn't believe it when pictures of the two were flashed on the evening news as authorities first announced they had found remains at El Malpais. A rollercoaster of emotions has followed for the family.
"My mom is in a lot of shock right now, grief, heartache," she said. "This is kind of like going through it all over again."
With little evidence left, the family may never know what happened to the pair.
"We just can't make sense out of it so that's our struggle as a family. We accept that it happened, but we can't make sense of it," Pitney said.
"I have to tell you, this is terrible. I could spin you some awful scenarios and so could her mother and sister," she continued. "We don't know, so here we are not knowing again."
Pitney will turn 82 on Saturday and she plans to spend the day honoring her granddaughter, who along with her Chatman loved the outdoors and was active in church.
"This young woman really believed her task was to make the world better. ... Twenty years is a blip on the surface of the earth, and she was so good," Pitney said.
Add new comment
Read and share your thoughts on this story


text:
Zubair Khan, Environmental Inks and Coatings||11.02.09
Ink manufacturers and their raw material suppliers have been evolving new technologies to meet these demands by providing new polymers, oligomers, monomers, photoinitiators, pigments and inks
Kerry Pianoforte, Ink World Associate Editor||11.02.09
From RFID tags to tamper-evident chromatic inks, Smart Packaging 2004 offered a wealth of information on smart and intelligent packaging solutions and applications.
Bonnie Bedolla, Flint Ink||10.15.09
Low odor and extractables levels can make UV flexo a more attractive option for a variety of markets
Dr. Sandro Leuenberger, SICPA Group||10.14.09
This article describes, from an international perspective and a practical standpoint, the applicable stipulations and the obligations and responsibilities of the ink manufacturer and the packaging printer
David Savastano, Ink World Editor||10.13.09
The global recession and volatile raw material prices are having a major impact on packaging ink manufacturers, but leading packaging ink companies are seeing some reasons for optimism for the coming year.
Sean Milmo, Ink World European Editor||10.08.09
Packaging in Europe has proved recently to be a more buoyant market for ink makers than other customer sectors. Last year, total packaging sales went up by an estimated 1 percent to 2 percent in the region, similar to the average rise in GDP.
But th…
David Savastano, Ink World Editor||10.06.09
Most people in the packaging ink industry will tell you that packaging's use closely mirrors what is happening in the economy.
David Savastano, Ink World Editor||06.17.09
Graphic Packaging has sold certain assets and liabilities of Handschy inks, coatings and varnishes business to Sun Chemical.
David Savastano, Ink World Editor||03.31.09
For ink manufacturers, flexo remained solid, thanks to the relative strength of the packaging industry.
David Savastano, Ink World Editor||10.02.08
Higher raw material costs and the weakening economy have impacted the packaging market, although there are also opportunities for growth.
David Savastano, Ink World Editor||10.10.07
As the packaging market continues to expand globally, packaging ink manufacturers are enjoying growth, although higher raw material prices and consolidation remain concerns.
Sean Milmo, Ink World European Editor||07.12.07
Printers, ink manufacturers and other suppliers are preparing for regulations regarding food packaging.
Kerry Pianoforte, Ink World Associate Editor||03.13.07
Despite rising raw material costs, the flexo ink market had another strong year in 2006, driven in part by the introduction of new performance-based products in the flexible packaging market.
Sean Milmo, Ink World European Editor||12.07.06
A health scare in Italy last year over traces of in infant milk products has focused unprecedented attention in Europe on the safety of food packaging inks.
David Savastano, Ink World Editor||10.09.06
The packaging ink market continues to show growth, while ink price increases are helping to offset higher raw material costs.
Kerry Pianoforte, Ink World Associate Editor||03.14.06
Despite the challenges of the sluggish economy and rising raw material costs, the flexo ink market fared well in 2005.
David Savastano, Ink World Editor||10.25.05
Once approved, Siegwerk will be the fifth-largest international ink manufacturer, with more than $940 million in annual sales.
David Savastano, Ink World Editor||10.25.05
The flexo ink market continues to grow, with solvent-based and UV flexo inks having particularly strong results in recent years.
David Savastano, Ink World Editor||10.24.05
The packaging ink market continues to move forward, with new technologies and products leading the way for growth.
Sean Milmo, Ink World European Editor||10.21.05
Flexible Packaging Makes Gains in the European Market
UMC is an industry leader in Special Effect Pigments, Fluorescent and Organic Pigments as well as pigment dispersions.
Sign up now to receive the free weekly newsletter, and more!


text:
Thursday, 18 October 2012
Beautiful Bags
I really enjoy my weekly machine embroidery class at The Letchworth Settlement but it is not without its challenges. About half a dozen of the ladies have been coming to the class since I started teaching there but each term we also have another half dozen new ladies, some of whom are complete beginners. So my challenge is to come up with something interesting enough for those with experience but not so difficult as to put off the newcomers.
I usually start with some sort of sampler of free machine stitches and this year we have appliqed strips of coloured fabric to a felt backing and worked a variety of free machine patterns over the surface. Plenty of opprtunity to practise! We have then used the resulting fabrics to make a simple bag consisting of two circles based on the petal bag in Jenny Rolfe's lovely book of Embroidered Bags. Making bags has also given us the opportunity to make cords and tassels.
I made a couple of samples...one large bag from circles about 6" wide and then a second smaller bag from 3" circles.
The ladies in the class then set about making their own with these fantastic results. Not all of them were finished when I took the photos but you can see what a brilliant job they have done. I thought I would remember whose was whose when I took the pictures... but now I'm not so sure!
I'm pretty certain the collection above are Jean's but everytime I look at the following five photos I change my mind as to who made which bag. Sorry ladies... they are all fabulous!
Just remembered that the one below is Jan's... maybe?
And this one is definitely Margaret's...
Because she also made these very clever scissor keepers from her smaller bags.
And this gorgeous multi- coloured bag is Di's because she also made a very clever beaded button closure as well as a beaded tassel.
And Marian made this one with a beautiful twisted and beaded cord (all done on the sewing machine)
One of the other "challenges" of this class is they like to come up with things for me to do while they are busy stitching. Someone will casually throw out a suggestion... and before I know it I've taken the bait! This time someone thought that the smaller bags would look good as little gift bags for the Christmas tree... and then someone suggested a collection of then would be rather nice as a Christmas garland...
So here they are... I made six mini bags, finished off with beads rather than tassels...
Just waiting for a suitable cord from which I can string them.
I did however, resist the suggestion that I might make twenty four of them as little Advent bags. A step too far even for me I think!
18 comments:
What a gorgeous thing Gina, in all its permutations. As my machine embroidery is not up to the fabulous standard of your ladies I may adapt the process and try making them with something else as the idea of using them for scissor keepers really appeals. What a great idea for a personally crafted Christmas gift. It has set the old grey cells a churning...
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Farm implements weren't the only big rigs moving around a week ago Saturday, Dec. 1, during Sunnyside's annual lighted parade.
That same night Sun Terrace's new general manager, Debbie Smith, and her husband Dalton were unloading a 26-foot U-Haul truck following their move here from Oregon.
"We could hear the horns honking from the parade and saw the traffic afterward," Smith recalled of moving night at Sunnyside's Harvest Village.
Smith started her new job as general manager at Sun Terrace Assisted Living & Retirement Community last week, and says she has received a warm welcome from residents, staff and the community.
She has a dozen years of experience in resident care management and has more than 30 years of experience in a variety of care-providing settings - ranging from foster to hospice care.
"I get up every morning and feel blessed that I get to do this," Smith says.
She comes to Sun Terrace after working as a travelling care center director for the past four years in the Salem, Ore. area. Smith says she and Dalton grew weary of the travelling and began looking for a location to settle down.
The Smiths were drawn to this area because of their experience living in rural eastern Oregon while raising their children. In addition, Smith is a native of central California, where she grew up in a rural, farming area.
Smith says she loves the fact that many of the residents at Sun Terrace have a farming or ag background. She says providing great service to today's seniors is a way to pay them back for all the service they provided and work they did in building this community.
"We're here today because of them," Smith says.
That commitment to caring for older generations extends to military veterans. Smith has a grandson serving in Afghanistan, and says it's an honor to be able to serve those who served the country in uniform.
She's especially appreciative of the commitment and longevity of so many employees at Sun Terrace.
"My goal is to make sure our seniors and staff have a good day every day," Smith said. "I want to do whatever it takes to make that happen."
Though still new to her post at Sun Terrace, Smith also wants to do what she can to learn more about Sunnyside.
She'd like to visit the Sunnyside Museum and, next year, wants to make sure she doesn't miss out on the lighted parade.
"Maybe we can put lights on one of our vans and enter it in the parade," Smith smiled.
More like this story
- Sunnyside retirement centers offer full plate of holiday activities
- Melodramatic fun at Sun Terrace
- Neighborhood clean-up may lead to Lower Valley's first Alzheimer's clinic
- 12-2 •farm parade marshalGranger's Granger's Chuck Alexander named S'side parade marshal
- Sun Terrace offers many options to local residents
Comments are subject to moderator review and may not appear immediately on the site.
Please read our commenting policy before posting.
Any comment violating the site's commenting guidelines will be removed and the user could be banned from the site.
Use the comment form below to begin a discussion about this content.


text:
Language and Thinking |
Metaphors, Jargon and CloudsThe latest metaphor for internet communications is the "cloud." I am not a fan of the cloud concept and have practical concerns about placing all data records and computing resources in public networks. Doubts notwithstanding, the fuzziness of the cloud does describe the disappearance of boundaries and coherence in the great and prolific noise of the internet. The "cloud" is yet another addition to a growing lexicon of jargon. A bit of jargon is the epitome of misinformation that spreads as a meme from person to person until it is common in public speech. The cloud in physical from is a collection of server warehouses, hardware connected to the internet. Book critic, Sam Anderson, reflected on the state of language and books at the end of 2010. Electronic communication has changed human communication and changed the way people use language. The tendency is to condense, compress and fragment communications, so that sustained attention to meaningful conversations is less likely and books that require hours to days of concentration are becoming obsolete. Anderson stated: I tend to shy away from big, sweeping, era-defining statements. It's the fastest possible way to be wrong about the world, and usually just an excuse for various forms of sloppy thinking: cherry-picking, scapegoating, doomsaying, fear-mongering, sandbagging, arm-twisting, wool-gathering, leg-pulling. And yet it would be hard to dispute that over the last 5 or 10 years, the culture has changed drastically. The shift is so obvious that it's boring, by now, even to name the culprits: Google, blogs, texting, tweets, iPhones, Facebook — a little army of tools that have given rise to (and grown out of) radically new habits of attention. Many of us are now addicted, on the dopamine-receptor level, to a moment-by-moment experience of life that's defined by a behavior sometimes referred to as "time slicing": jumping every few seconds between devices or windows or tabs, constantly swiveling the periscope of our attention around and around the horizon to see where the latest relevant data-burst might come from. " Ramchandani recalled Orwell's remarks that, since political language is usually the defense of the indefensible, it has to consist "largely of euphemism, and cloudy vagueness". She stated:" Anyone trying to impress, to sell or to obfuscate is likely to brutalise the language. Prominent offenders are businessmen, with their onboard customer service representatives, collision damage waivers, nonincremental growth opportunities and enhanced information management activities, providing innovative solutions and significant leverage in the use of resources, and thus permitting an increasing percentage of senior professional time to be expended on value-added solutions. Politicians can effortlessly match this. Their stock-in-trade is sustainable development, key performance indicators, the knowledge-based economy, inclusiveness and empowered communities, all offered up with mandatory passion, vision and excitement. Put politicians together with soldiers and you get Islamofascism, extraordinary rendition, self-injurious behavior incidents and the war on terror. " I have mentioned nonsense as a popular result of humans communicating among themselves. Other nonsense is adventitious, sometimes amusing, mostly confusing. The misuse of general categories is one my ongoing concerns. Of the recent category names, slogans and memes, I would select as the most misused: Health Care, Economy, National Security, Terrorism, Global, Pandemic, Virtual Reality, Artificial Intelligence, Outer Space. Health should have remained one the basic English words, protected by a supreme language authority. Instead, health has been lost to the politicians and businessmen. In Canada health was used as the name for a new medical and hospital insurance act in 1967. Canada Health Insurance led to Ministries of Health and a commerce in health services and products. The problem, of course, is that health once referred to healthy people who were free of disease, physically fit, productive and happy. Healthy people did not need to spend money on doctor visits, drugs and surgery. Now health care points to injured and sick people who need doctors and hospitals. Either healthy people vanished or they can be ignored. New terms such as "wellness" appeared, but no category word could replace the proper label "health." Instead of health care, the correct term is medical care, a heterogeneous collection of products and services provided by MDs, drug suppliers and hospitals that deal with people who are not healthy. Medical care is required by people who move from health to illness, often slowly over many years, Life is a one way street and disease progression will remove opportunities for prevention or early intervention. Hospitals collect people who have serious injuries or advanced disease and require the most expensive medical care. Dr. Gislason wrote: In this brief refection, I describe some basic truths about languages that are aspects of human nature most likely to endure. I feature storytelling and selftalk as the two most important features of the human use of language. I consider how languages fit in the larger scheme of intelligence and human interactions. Interesting challenges emerge when language is used to describe itself. Spoken language is an innate ability of humans that emerges in all human groups. Spoken language is the key to interaction among humans. There are several thousand languages in human groups that enhance group cohesion and at the same time separate groups that cannot communicate. I trace the evolution of sound communication from animals who have lived on earth for hundreds of millions of years to computer programming that uses condensed forms of cryptic languages that are received and expressed by electronic circuits. Order Persona BooksAlpha Online offers eBook downloads available worldwide and ships printed books and nutrient formulas to the US and Canada.To Order Books: Click the Download button on the right to order download PDF files from Alpha Online. To order the three Printed Books available from Alpha Online click the Add to Cart button on the left. Click the book title (center column) to read topics from the book. The Psychology, Neuroscience and Philosophy series was developed by Persona Digital Books. The books are copyright; all rights to reproduction by any means are reserved. We encourage readers to quote and paraphrase topics from Language and Thinking published online and expect proper citations to accompany all derivative writings. The author is Stephen Gislason and the publisher is Persona Digital Books. |


text:
Palm Beach County wages highest in Florida, but below national average
Once again, Palm Beach County's wages are the highest in Florida. And, once again, they're below the national average.
The average weekly wage in Palm Beach County during the second quarter was $963, the Bureau of Labor Statistics said Wednesday. Miami-Dade County was No. 2 at $958 a week. The national average was $989, and Northern California's Santa Clara County had the top wage, at $2,252.
Palm Beach County is losing ground on the rest of the nation. Our average wage rose 2 percent, compared to a national average of 2.2 percent.


text:
Home › Forums › Gear Forums › Gear Lists › Best Windshirt/Hard Shell Combo?
May 16, 2006 at 12:18 pm #1218599
It's a pretty slow day in the office for me and for some odd reason I'm contemplating gear and gear lists. Anyhow, here is what's cooking in my noggin:
IF you're sold on the idea of a wind shirt in addition to some hard shell protection, then what's the best gettup? If I was starting from scratch, with a good 3 years of UL backpacking experience and considering the fact that I hike in the NE, then I think the best combo for me would be a hooded windshirt and hoodless hard shell (W/B jacket or poncho). Since I'm going to be carrying a hat anyways, it seems that a hooded hard shell is redundant (and the hood always leaves me feeling way too hot). However, a hooded windshirt increases that garment's utility (e.g. better at cutting down flash-off, better at reducing convective heat loss in the cold) and also protects your core from the precipitation that would otherwise find its way into a hoodless hard shell (while also keeping you a mite cooler than under a hard shell hood). Thoughts?
For the moment, I am sold on the idea. So taking it a step further: what about a full zipper on the hooded windshirt? Does this really buy you anything extra? Thoughts? If so (and if money were no object and I didn't already have suitable substitutes), I think the perfect combo for me would be a Patagonia Houdini and hoodless Rainshield jacket.
May 16, 2006 at 12:44 pm #1356472You need to talk about what kind of trips you would be using such a combo, as well as what seasons and where. If, for example, you plan on off trail trips that involve scrapes with granite or brush, that Rainshield hardshell is not appropriate and will be shredded.
In genearal, full-zip shells are more comfortable over a broader range of conditions, with a small weight penalty. However, my full-zip Marmot Ion windshell weighs under 3 oz. If it were a partial zip, it might have a .5 oz. reduction or less in weight.
May 16, 2006 at 1:23 pm #1356476I just went through a similar mental process. Mine started with the base layer, however. I just bought a Smartwool Shadow's Hoody. I currently own a Montbell U.L. Wind Jacket which I love, but felt a hooded wind shirt would better compliment the hoody. So I just bought the Patagonia Houdini and will compare it's performance to the Montbell U.L. Wind Jacket. All this now leads me to the rain jacket or poncho. Should it be hooded or not? My first thought was that it should be hooded because my hat isn't waterproof. I haven't yet taken the needed time to consider this or to do any tests.
I personally like a full zipper in a wind shirt. The ability to carefully dial in the performance you need with ease is worth the weight to me. It's also about the convenience. The zipper allows me to keep the wind shirt on longer without discomfort. It is a bother to put on and take off clothing when you are wearing a pack, and are on the move. This is also why I chose the Shadow's hoody and Houdini. If my head and neck were cold but bearable it's unlikely I would stop to find and put on a hat. With hoods I can make fine adjustments with almost no effort. Hoods are also better when insects are a problem. I hate wearing insect repellent. The obvious down side to a hood is that if it gets wet you can not un-attach it.
May 16, 2006 at 4:33 pm #1356485I stood on my head with that one too. A poncho/cape took care of that issue:
working hard or warm weather: base layer polyester tee– long or short sleeve.
rest stop, cool wind or intermittent light rain: add the windshirt
colder: add a polyfill vest or a long sleeve microfleece shirt– or both
wetter: add poncho/cape
Cook al dente :)
I do use a Marmot Precip rain jacket for day hikes– it was a good blend of function, price, and ease of packing. If you're just going to wear the windshirt around camp when it's getting cool, you could fake it with the rain jacket, with breathability being the issue between the two kinds of clothing.
A windshirt with or without a hood is more a question of what kind of hat(s) you like. A hood doesn't add much weight and it is convenient if you don't want to take your pack off and dig out a hat. The hood on a windshirt with good DWR will buy you a little time if it is just spinkling a bit too. And the rule does say that your head looses a lot of heat. Good for the back of your neck too– for sun or cold wind. If it gets really nasty, I'll happily use anything handy that will keep me warm and dry.
So I have a windshirt with a hood– more because I got a deal. I wear a Tilly hat most of the time or an OR Peruvian wind block fleece hat if it's really cold– nice to sleep in as well.
I found it easier to think shirt rather than windshirt– when would I step up to another layer past a base layer? Well, yeah, at home I'd put on some kind of long sleeve shirt, which is what a windshirt is– just a high tech version— maxiumum function for minumum weight.
I like full zippers on anything but a base layer and I like the half zippers that have come with some heavier base layers I've found. It's nice to be able to zip a jacket all the way open and even tuck the loose ends back under your shoulder straps to get some air. A roller coaster trail or going back and forth from shade to sun finds you never in the right layer and the full zipper lets you fine tune on the fly (no pun intended).
May 16, 2006 at 5:46 pm #1356490I am not sold on carrying or wearing two shells, although I will keep an open mind.
Up to now, for a local day hike where rain is not expected, I carry a wind shell (GoLite Helios) — keep out the wind when at rest, or partial protection against a sudden shower. I figure that even in a prolonged rain, it's just a day hike, so no big deal about getting a bit wet (my locale is in temperate southern California).
For multiple-day trips where weather can be more variant and/or don't want to risk getting soaked, I carry a hooded wp/b jacket instead (and maybe pants too). Here, I will use the jacket as both wind and rain shell.
If you are not bushwhacking, you might consider something like the waterproof and very breathable DriDucks (5 oz. for the jacket) for both wind and rain protection. This jacket is no good for bushwhacking, but then, neither is a lightweight wind shirt in all likelihood…
May 17, 2006 at 12:32 pm #1356521Great replies all around.
Kevin – I would definitely stick to the trails with the mircopore jacket. I've been able to get plenty of mileage from mine with just a little bit of extra care. Of course, I only use it when necessary and so I benefit from bringing the windshirt along.
However, I understand how a micropore jacket isn't everyone's cup of tea. BTW, besides the rain shield jacket and some cottage poncho/tarps, does anyone else offer a hoodless W/B shell?
Kevin, Dale – Great points with the added benefit of being able to fine-tune your moisture/temp management on the fly with a zipper. I am sold on the zipper (um, whenever my current windshirt bites the dust…but its still going strong).
Dale – I agree about the context in which a windshirt should be considered. The other reason I rationalize the windshirt decision is that I make the weight difference up by being able to skimp the same amount on my insulation piece. I end up with the same weight, but have the additional layering versatility and insect, sun, utility that a winshirt provides.
I think the reason why I started pondering the W/B hood issue is my experience with one this past weekend. I spent Saturday apartment hunting around Boston with my wife. We were walking all about in the midst of steady rain with temps in the upper 40's/lower 50's. As soon as the W/B hood went up I started overheating. I just wasn't comfortable. As soon as the hood came off and the umbrella went up, I was happy.
May 17, 2006 at 12:40 pm #1356522
Check out the Golite Rage.
May 17, 2006 at 1:31 pm #1356525I'm in love. That jacket looks perfect for my tastes. Thanks for the heads-up.
You must be logged in to reply to this topic.


text:
Gypsy |
Here's a shot of the inside when the wagon is popped up. It's a nice sized space. |
And a quick outside view. This is far from finished. I'll be trimming and decorating for months, I think. That will be a lot of fun. (Actually Daphne added quite a bit more trim to the lower half after this shot was taken.) |
Daphne has a tradition of giving each builder a horse brass to put inside their new wagon. I took a shine to the one with the camel on it. |
And of course, I had to have my horse shoe over the door before we started traveling. | |
Last thing before we called it done was to install the top and bottom doors. The shutters will have to be painted when I get home, because we were officially out of time. Craig and I had to head for home the next morning. Not bad for a week's work! Myself and Daphne, two very proud but tuckered out caravan builders. |
Page |


text:
Cats were worshipped in ancient Egypt. If a cat died, everybody in the house shaved off their eyebrows as a sign of mourning (if a dog died they shaved the whole body). Cats have long since lost their sacred status. When, in 1888, over three lakh mummified cats were found in a burial ground in Egypt, thousands of the mummies were pounded into powder, packed into bags and sent to England as fertiliser.
Select A DIMDIMA Site
--Select-- Home Play & Win Activities & Craft Story Time Science Lab Knowledge Discussion Forum Sports Smart Kids Fun Zone Book Buzz Ecology My Page Schools Picture Gallery Teachers Talk Parents Talk Anchor Dimdima in Print Poetry Corner


text:
Wonderful turnkey unit on the fifth floor in the North Tower. Comfortably furnished and spacious two bedroom, two bathroom, den/TV room and private terrace with explosive ocean, town and jungle views. There is a European style kitchen which has a large granite counter center island with a breakfast bar, stainless steel appliances and a stack wash/dryer. The tremendous master bedroom suits opens to the living room creating a loft-like feel and can close for privacy. It also has a large sitting area, beautiful views and enormous walk-in closet. Horizon Condominium Complex offers three infinity pools-one with a swim-up, Lounge/Party Area, 24 hour security onsite administration and covered parking.
Last Updated: Tuesday, 07 February 2017
All information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed. The listings on this site are displayed courtesy of the IDX program of AMPI Vallarta Nayarit MLS and may not be the listings of the site owner.


text: Mar 18th 2016Instagram Photo Thank you Argentina! X see you again later in 2016 #lollaAR P.S the señor with blue hair was awesome Comments Body * More information about text formats Text format Medium MediumImages with a data-picture-mapping attribute will be responsive, with a file size appropriate for the browser width. Post Image Add a new file Files must be less than 96 KB.Allowed file types: gif jpg jpeg. Leave this field blank


text:
The Owners of Frederick Ashton's ballets (the copyrightholders) exercise full artistic and financial control over the work(s) they own.
Current Ashton Ballet Owners:
Sir Anthony Dowell CBE (A Month in the Country, The Dream)
Tony Dyson (Enigma Variations, Monotones I and II)
Wendy Ellis-Somes (Cinderella, Symphonic Variations)
Frederick Ashton Foundation (Daphnis and Chlöe, Les Patineurs, Les Rendezvous)
Jean-Pierre Gasquet (La Fille mal gardée)
Garry Grant (Façade)
Anthony Russell-Roberts CBE (all ballets not listed here - see www.ashtonballets.com)
Peter Schaufuss (Romeo and Juliet)
Rosita Arias de Vallarino (Ondine)
For further information, including how to get in touch with the Owners, please contact The Frederick Ashton Foundation.
Monotones 1
David Trzensimiech, Emma Maguire, Akane Takada
© ROH/ Tristram Kenton


text:
Moore School alumni worldwide Moore School alumni work on every continent and in 82 countries around the world. Connect
The Moore School MBA Unlock your future with the Moore School's one-year Master of Business Administration. learn More
A Master of Accountancy for long-term success Advanced expertise and soft skills that shape a lifetime. Watch the video
A Master of Arts in Economics for real-world solutions. A solid foundation is economics, applied to the challenges of the real world. Learn more
A Master of Human Resources that builds executive leadership Analytical expertise and business insights to take HR to the C suite. Watch the video
Master of International Business Earn two master's degrees from two top universities in two countries in two years. Watch the video
Moore School postgraduate degrees Find out which of our MBA and Masters programs is right for you. Download the brochure
Undergraduate course of study The Moore School's curriculum emphasizes economic rigor and real-world experience. Learn more
2016 Economic Outlook Conference December 8, 2016: South Carolina's premier economic outlook conference. The election, competitiveness and next year's forecast. View and download the presentations
Dean's Report 2016 An in-depth look at the present and future of the Moore School, and our Undergraduate Excellence Initiative. Read the report, watch the video
Certificate in Leadership Excellence Master leadership strategies from the Moore School's Executive Development faculty to make things happen in your business. Learn More
Insurer for 200K South Carolina properties expires soon: What's being done about it? featuring Robert Hartwig March 26, 2017
Will the United States continue to be a pot of gold for international MBA applicants? featuring Jennifer Nihn March 22, 2017
Still in our fiber: S.C. wool facility shows textile industry's persistence, featuring Mark Ferguson March 22, 2017
Business schools can create distinctive opportunities to help female MBA students succeed, featuring Jennifer Nihn March 21, 2017
MBA Application: The 10 Best Business Schools For Women, featuring the Moore School at No. 2 worldwide March 7, 2017


text:
SONY Headphones MDR-ACTIVE XB80BS, handsfree, blue
Wireless headphones with comfortable wearing neck. Practical earphones.
Easy connection via Bluetooth (version 4.1) and NFC. Interface Support A2DP, AVRCP, HFP, HSP, SBC audio formats, AAC. 12 mm dynamic speaker (fr. 4-24 range 000 Hz Sensitivity 105 db/mW).
The headphone microphone and controls for answering calls. Can also be used as a hands-free. Power headphones to the built-in battery.
Dobjení via micro USB, battery life time of 8.5 hours, 2.5 hours recharge time via microUSB cable.
Weight 43 g. The package includes a USB charging cable, documentation.
Logistics Information
Nr. of pcs in package | 1 |
Weight (kg) | 0.3400 |
Dimensions (cm) | 17.5x12x6.5 |
Length (cm) | 6.5 |
No reviews added yet.
You may also be interested in the following product(s)
Jabra PRO 9465 Duo
346.00 $