text:
Ingredients (9 buns):
250g bread flour
160ml water
10g butter/shortening
30g sugar
¾ tsp salt
1 tsp instant dry yeast
¼ tsp bread softener (optional)
¾ tsp bread improver (optional)
- Place all ingredients, except butter, in bread maker and select Dough mode. If timer is in use, put in water first followed by flour and all other ingredients (do not have to mix it).
- When the dough is form, throw in butter and let the BM continue kneading.
- Once the dough is ready, turn out on lightly floured surface and divide it into 9 equal portions. Shape each portion into a small ball or any desired shape.
- Cover with kitchen towel and let them rise in a warm place for 30 minutes or until they are doubled in size.
- Preheat oven to 175ºC and bake for 10-12 minutes. Cool on rack.


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Congress turns to the next crisis
The $85 billion, across-the-board spending cuts known as the sequester are almost certainly going to occur effective 11:59 p.m. Friday after the Senate rejected two last-minute measures to stave them off on Thursday.
President Barack Obama will most likely issue the order that will trigger hundreds of thousands of furloughs in the federal government and severely impact many departments including the Pentagon. This, despite summoning congressional leaders to the White House on Friday morning for a meeting on the way forward.
Story Continued Below
On back-to-back votes Thursday, the Senate killed the last two legislative options standing between Congress and the spending cuts.
( Also on POLITICO: Senate fails in last-chance bid to avoid sequester)
For both Congress and Obama, surrendering to the automatic cuts represents a watershed event and one that won't necessarily end soon. Indeed, Thursday's votes usher in what could be months of turmoil, as the government adjusts like an aircraft carrier turning slowly in the ocean.
Attention now immediately shifts to how Congress can avert a potentially calamitous government shutdown on March 27, when a stopgap continuing resolution, or CR, expires.
In an interview Thursday evening, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid said Democrats would wait to see what the House produces before making decisions on how to proceed on the CR.
( PHOTOS: What they're saying about sequestration)
Asked about his talks with House Speaker John Boehner on the issue, "We've talked about the CR, he's going to have to make a decision on what they're going to do. At this stage, at least as far as I know, I don't know if they know what they're going to do."
To avoid a blowup, leaders in both parties seem determined not to use any extension of the CR as a vehicle to change the cuts significantly. But they could possibly provide incremental relief to agencies by updating their appropriations, from which the cuts are made.
The House is already moving in this direction with a draft CR that would include a full-year budget for the Defense Department, for example. Senate Democrats will want to expand on this to include domestic agencies as well.
Speaking to reporters Thursday, Reid was noncommittal on the CR, but he insisted Democrats would seek new taxes as part of a deal to reverse the sequester.
"Yes, we're open to any reasonable approach," Reid said when asked if he'd be willing to reallocate the cuts through the CR. "But remember, we cannot solve the problems of this country with cuts, cuts, cuts. We've cut $2.6 trillion. We need to do more. But we're going to do it with — in a balanced approach."
Senate Democrats argue the sequester can be overhauled in other ways.
( See also: Full coverage of the sequestration)
When Sen. Patty Murray (D-Wash.) unveils her budget resolution in March, she'll include language that would call for the sequester to be replaced with spending cuts in other parts of the government, she said Thursday. But the budget resolution is a nonbinding blueprint, and it'll be hard for the two chambers to cut a budget deal that would eventually lead to a deficit-cutting law to replace the sequester — much less urgently.
That leaves the focus on the March government spending fight. Following the Senate votes Thursday, some Republicans said they are open to passing an omnibus spending plan that would include funding for all agencies, but at lower levels than the $1.043 trillion sought by Democrats.

subset: commoncrawl


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Ivy Realty has sold the Plainsboro headquarters of drug maker Sandoz for nearly $64 million in a deal brokered by Cushman & Wakefield, the real estate services firm said.
The 154,100-square-foot building at 100 College Road West was sold to an affiliate of American Realty Capital, the brokerage firm said in a news release. The three-story property is fully occupied by Sandoz, which recently signed a 12-year lease there.
Andrew Merin, David Bernhaut, Gary Gabriel and Grace Braverman of Cushman & Wakefield's East Rutherford-based Metropolitan Area Capital Markets Group represented Ivy Realty, the news release said.
The building off Route 1 was constructed in 2000 as the U.S. headquarters for Novo Nordisk, which later expanded and moved to another building in Plainsboro.
"This transaction occurred before the availability was formally announced," Merin said in a prepared statement. "This sale is clear evidence of the level of demand by investors for class A properties occupied by high-credit, long-term tenants."
He also noted that the Princeton/Route 1 submarket's vacancy rate is 12.7 percent, the lowest in the state, and that it "has long attracted well-known domestic and international firms, including financial services, technology, pharmaceutical and more."
"Notably, all large blocks of space in the corridor have been leased — there are no blocks of contiguous space greater than 100,000 square feet currently available," Merin said. "That is another key reason why an investment opportunity such as 100 College Road West does not remain available for very long."
With new N.J. headquarters, Marathon Data renews focus on growing state's tech sector
Cold beer here: New regulations have helped spark an explosion of new breweries in the state
Report: Bakery company's $32M expansion would bring 100 new jobs to Vineland


text:
National History Teacher of the Year Award
Since 2004, the Gilder Lehrman Institute has presented awards to the best history teachers in the United States. Together with our partners Preserve America and HISTORY, we award 53 winners from US states and territories and one national winner each year. In this video, partners describe the award—and why it matters.


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Secondary prevention through the control or elimination of known risk factors for coronary artery disease (e.g., hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, physical inactivity) also should be part of discharge planning.
Long-term anticoagulation with warfarin (Coumadin), a vitamin K antagonist, has been evaluated in recent studies
of patients with myocardial infarction or unstable angina. Results have been mixed, with some trials
showing benefit from the use of warfarin, when compared with aspirin alone in the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events, and other trials
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, 17 (pre-dominantly involving low-intensity warfarin therapy) showing no significant benefit.
The routine use of warfarin in patients with acute coronary syndromes has been limited by the occurrence of bleeding and the need for frequent monitoring. The ACC/AHA guideline 1 , 2 does not recommend routine use of warfarin after hospitalization in patients with UA/NSTEMI. Warfarin therapy is recommended after acute coronary syndromes in patients with an additional indication for long-term anticoagulation, such as atrial fibrillation or a mechanical prosthetic heart valve. 1 , 2
At the time of hospital discharge, patients should have a clear plan for follow-up with a physician to assess recovery and symptoms and to reinforce secondary preventive measures. Low-risk medically treated patients and revascularized patients usually should be seen within two to six weeks, whereas higher-risk patients should be seen within one to two weeks.
Despite the efforts of hospital staff to adhere to guidelines and evidence-based treatment, or because of temporary contraindications, important therapies may be omitted. Family physicians can provide an invaluable "safety net" to ensure that patients with UA/NSTEMI receive optimal medical care. Therefore, even though all family physicians may not provide acute care for patients with UA/NSTEMI, familiarity with the ACC/AHA guideline will facilitate optimal treatment of patients with UA/NSTEMI and those with a history of this syndrome.
Read the full article.
The authors indicate that they do not have any conflicts of interest. Sources of funding: none reported.
This article is one in a series developed in collaboration with the American Heart Association. Guest editor of the series is Sidney C. Smith, Jr., M.D., Chief Science Officer, American Heart Association, Dallas.
ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients with Unstable Angina). Accessed online May 11, 2004, at:
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. ...
Facebook shapes our access to information
Twitter dictates public opinion
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, the algorithms we've developed to help us navigate choice are now actively driving every aspect of our lives.
But as we increasingly rely on them for everything from how we seek out news to how we relate to the people around us, have we automated the way we behave? Is human thinking beginning to mimic algorithmic processes? And is the Cambridge Analytica debacle a warning sign of what's to come — and of happens when algorithms hack into our collective thoughts?
It wasn't supposed to go this way. Overwhelmed by choice — in products, people and the sheer abundance of information coming at us at all times — we've programmed a better, faster, easier way to navigate the world around us. Using clear parameters and a set of simple rules, algorithms help us make sense of complex issues. They're our digital companions, solving real-world problems we encounter at every step, and optimizing the way we make decisions. What's the best restaurant in my neighborhood? Google knows it. How do I get to my destination? Apple Maps to the rescue. What's the latest Trump scandal making the headlines? Facebook may or may not tell you.
Wouldn't it be nice if code and algorithms knew us so well — our likes, our dislikes, our preferences — that they could anticipate our every need and desire? That way, we wouldn't have to waste any time thinking about it: We could just read the one article that's best suited to reinforce our opinions, date whoever meets our personalized criteria and revel in the thrill of familiar surprise. Imagine all the time we'd free up, so we could focus on what truly matters: carefully curating our digital personas and projecting our identities on Instagram.
It was Karl Marx who first said our thoughts are determined by our machinery, an idea that Ellen Ullman references in her 1997 book,
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, which predicts many of the challenges we're grappling with today. Beginning with the invention of the internet, the algorithms we've built to make our lives easier have ended up programming the way we behave.
Educator Resources
In 1876 Americans held a Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia to celebrate the nation's birth 100 years earlier. It was the first world's fair to be held in the United States, and it announced for all to see that the nation had come of age as an industrial power. Over 8 million Americans attended, many traveling the railways that now spanned the continent. Of all the exhibition buildings, Machinery Hall drew the most admiration and wonder. Its displays were powered by the world's largest steam engine. Inside, inventions by two of America's greatest inventors were on display. Alexander Graham Bell exhibited the first telephone, and Thomas Alva Edison presented the automatic telegraph, one of more than 1,000 inventions he would patent in his lifetime. Together their inventions changed American life in ways that still affect us today.
Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) was born in Scotland and moved to Boston in 1872 to open a school for teachers of the deaf. He became a U.S. citizen in 1882. His early experiments included ways to improve and use telegraphy. The telegraph conveyed messages through a system of electrical sounds that, when decoded, could be translated into words. It was dependent on skilled technicians and never became a home appliance. Rather, it required you to go to a telegraph office to send or receive a message, or perhaps a messenger did this for you. Bell sought something revolutionary: to transmit not only the sound of the human voice, but audible words. With the telephone, Bell wrote in 1878, "It is possible to connect every man's house, office or factory with a central station, so as to give him direct communication with his neighbors."
Thomas Edison (1847-1931) was born in Ohio and grew up in Michigan. His formal education lasted at most four years, in part because his teachers complained that he asked too many questions. By age 12 he was a newsboy and candy seller on the railways. Working as a telegraph operator gave him some of his early lessons in the uses of electricity. Among Edison's many patents were ones for totally new inventions as well as those that dramatically improved the inventions of others. These included patents for the electric motor, motion picture projector, storage battery, Dictaphone, duplicating machine, typewriter, and phonograph ( his most original). But his most far-reaching achievement was his patent for improving the incandescent lightbulb.
Before the invention of the electric lightbulb, homes were lit by candle, kerosene-oil lamp, or gaslight. All flickered, were fire hazards, and emitted smoke and heat. Other inventors of the day were experimenting with a glass globe that, if emptied of air, could contain a light that would not burn out. But no one could find a suitable filament, or wire. The filament creates light when an electric current passes through it, but it must neither burn out quickly nor melt. Edison solved this problem by using carbonized cotton.
Previous (Part III Section 4)
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For anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist and hip circumference) the following equipment is needed:
Weight should be measured in all participants, except pregnant women, wheelchair bound individuals, or persons who have difficulty standing steady.
Setting up scale at the examination site
The scale should be placed on a hard-floor surface (not on a floor which is carpeted or otherwise covered with soft material). If there is no such floor available, a hard wooden platform should be placed under the scale. A carpenter's level should be used to verify that the surface on which the scale is placed is horizontal.
Calibration of scale
Calibration should occur at the beginning and end of each examining day.
The scale is balanced with both sliding weights at zero and the balance bar aligned. The scale is checked using the standardized weights and calibration is corrected if the error is greater than 0.2 kg. The results of the checking and the recalibrations are recorded in a log book.
Normal weighing procedure
Weighing procedure for heavily overweight persons
If the participant is heavily overweight, i.e. weighs more than the upper limit of the scale, this fact should be noted in the data collection form, together with the upper limit of the scale (see Appendix 5.1 ).
Self-reported weight
Self-reported weights are not acceptable, even if the participant is immobile or refuses to be weighed.
Height should be measured in all participants, except wheelchair bound individuals, persons who have difficulty standing steady or straight, and participants with hairstyle (e.g. Afro or Mowhawk) or head dress (e.g. turban) that prevents proper use of the height measuring equipment.
Setting up stadiometer at the examination site
If the height is measured with the measuring rod attached to the balanced beam scale no further set-up procedures are required, if the scale has been placed properly for weighing. However, it should be verified that the upper part of the measuring rod is straight and vertical (i.e. not bend or curved).
If the height is measured by stadiometer, the height rule is taped vertically to the hard flat wall surface with the base at floor level. The wall may not have a baseboard molding. A carpenter's level is used to check the vertical placement of the rule.
The floor surface next to the height rule must be hard. If no such floor is available, a hard wooden platform should be placed under the base of the height rule. Using the carpenter's level, the surface on which the height rule rests should be checked to be horizontal.
Calibration of height rule
At the beginning and end of each examination day, the height rule should be checked with standardized rods and corrected if the error is greater than 2 mm. The results of the checking and recalibrations are recorded in the log book.


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Strategic Tech Slideshow: IT Vendor Consolidation: Fast Facts for CIOs
Dell, HP Pursue 3PAR
In Brief: Dell announced in mid-August, in what seemed to be a done deal, that it would acquire virtual-storage company 3PAR for $1.15 billion. On August 23, HP announced its own bid for 3PAR, a whopping 33 percent premium on Dell's offer. At press time, 3PAR hadn't decided on a suitor.
As we head into 4Q 2010, the year in technology is already defined by high-profile vendor mergers and acquisitions. Most recently, HP (which is on an acquisition binge this year) kicked up a bidding war with Dell over virtual storage company 3PAR, while Intel scooped up anti-virus software vendor McAfee. When it comes to making sound technology decisions for your enterprise, you have to consider how much a recent buyout or merger should influence your plans. Are you weighing a new tech purchase, building a business case, or already a longtime customer of a vendor involved in one of these recent M&As? Here, we examine what the 10 most important vendor acquisitions of the year (so far) mean for your enterprise tech decisions, and your vendor relationships.


text: Welcome to the Deadspin 25, a college football poll that strives to be more democratic and less useless than every other preseason poll. Leading up to the college football season kickoff, we will give you previews of the 25 teams that you, the readers, voted to be most worthy of writing about. Now, No. 20 Texas.


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Value Line is regarded as the best independent research available. More than just recommendations, Value Line provides the rationale behind its picks for greater understanding.
Value Line offers a number of proprietary measures to help investors identify so-called conservative stocks, the most notable being the Safety Rank. This measure is computed by averaging a stock's Price Stability score and the company's Financial Strength Rating. Safety Ranks range from 1 (Highest) to 5 (Lowest) and are distributed roughly in a bell curve, with the greatest number of stocks scoring 3 (Average) and the smallest number at the extremes (i.e. 1 and 5). Thus, selecting stocks that hold the best possible scores (i.e., 1 or 2) would help investors to avoid riskier fare.
Value Line provides screens each week, published in the Index section of The Value Line Investment Survey, that cull out stocks earning the highest Safety Rank and the second-best Safety Rank (presented as two separate screens). This alleviates the need to rummage through on a stock-by-stock basis, trying to find the most conservative fare. We also added a few other parameters such as a dividend yield above 3.8% and a market cap above $20 billion to ensure only well established companies made the cut. A couple of interesting stocks that made the list (see below) include Kinder Morgan Inc. (KMI) and AT&T Inc. (T - Free AT&T Stock Report).
Kinder Morgan Inc.
Kinder Morgan owns the general partner and limited partnership interests in both Kinder Morgan Energy Partners, L.P. (KMP) and El Paso Pipeline Partners, L.P. (EPB). With more than 80,000 miles of pipelines and 180 terminals, it's the largest domestic transporter of petroleum products, natural gas, and carbon dioxide. Kinder also owns the only pipeline that serves the West Coast of Canada.
Kinder reported solid results to finish last year. Fourth-quarter revenue growth was aided by enhanced performance at Kinder Morgan Energy Partners, and a full year of contributions from El Paso Pipeline Partners. EPS came in at $0.33, helped by higher contributions. Kinder should advance even further in the year recently begun, as it plans to reduce its 50% interest in its Ruby Pipeline, and Gulf LNG to El Paso. The company has nearly $15 billion in large-scale endeavors that should come to fruition over the long pull. These projects should help boost the top line, which we believe will increase sharply this year.
We look for Kinder Morgan's dividend to be increased again this year. The board of directors has raised the quarterly dividend rather frequently, and expects that it will declare dividend payments of $1.72 per share for 2014. At this juncture, it appears that the increase in the payout will be well covered by cash flow from operations.
Kinder shares are worthy of consideration by conservative accounts seeking income. The dividend yield is well above the Value Line median and we look for high single-digit increases in the distribution over the 3- to 5-years ahead. Furthermore, the stock carries an Above Average Safety score of 2 and Stock Price Stability is strong at 85 out of 100.
AT&T Inc.
AT&T Inc., formerly SBC Communications Inc., is one of the world's largest telecom holding companies and is the largest in the United States. Its traditional (SBC only) wireline subsidiaries provide services in 13 states, including California, Texas, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, Missouri, Connecticut, Indiana, Wisconsin, Oklahoma, Kansas, Arkansas, and Nevada. It also owns AT&T Wireless and bought PacTel, SNET, Ameritech, AT&T Corp., and BellSouth. The Company's businesses consist of Voice, Data, Directory Advertising, and Wireless, with the latter contributing a majority (56%) of the top line.
Underlying fundamentals at AT&T remain solid. Competitive pressures from Verizon (VZ - Free Verizon Stock Report), heavy investment spending on the multi-year Project Velocity IP plan (it primarily intends to expand the carrier's 4G LTE network), and lingering weakness in the enterprise market might well hinder profits over the next several months. But, the Wireless segment should continue to climb at an aggressive clip, as the company boosts its LTE capacity, endeavors to improve smartphone positioning, and works to attract more value-oriented consumers. What's more, increased penetration of U-verse is already generating approximately $12 billion in revenues each year. A gradually improving domestic economy should also lend a helping hand to the company's enterprise segment, which supplies services to medium to large companies.
The wildcard at AT&T remains Wireless margins. They've been a bit on the soft side of late, largely due to higher smartphone subsidies, largely iPhone, and intense competition with rival Verizon. A rebound may be in the cards, however, as average revenue per year grows along with the transition to LTE, and as AT&T better leverages its recent mobile investments, including its new "Next" program, which allows customers to upgrade to a new smartphone each year in exchange for a small monthly fee.
This Dow member is a solid choice for risk-averse investors seeking current income. The current yield is north of 5%, which compares very favorably to the average stock under our review. We look for further increases in the payout down the road, given our favorable earnings-growth projections 3- to 5-years hence. What's more, AT&T is top notch (Financial Strength rating A++), and its stock earns our Highest (1) Safety score.
AGL ResourcesAT&T Inc.ConocoPhillipsConsol. EdisonGlaxoSmithKline ADRNorthwest Nat. GasNuveen Muni Value FundPinnacle West CapitalPublic Serv. EnterpriseRoyal Dutch Shell 'A'Total ADRTransCanada Corp.Verizon Communic.WGL Holdings Inc.ALLETEAlliant EnergyAltria GroupAstraZeneca PLCAvista Corp.Bank of MontrealBank of Nova ScotiaBrit. Amer Tobac.Can. Imperial BankCanon Inc. ADRCenterPoint EnergyDeutsche Telekom ADRDNP Select Inc. FundDouglas DynamicsDTE EnergyDuke EnergyEmpire Dist. Elec.Energy TransferHawaiian Elec.Integrys EnergyKinder Morgan EnergyKinder Morgan Inc.Laclede GroupLiberty All-StarLorillard Inc.Mattel, Inc.Mercury GeneralNat'l Bank of CanadaPeople's United Fin'lPhilip Morris Int'lPlains All Amer. Pipe.Realty Income Corp.Reynolds AmericanRoyal Bank of CanadaSCANA Corp.Southern Co.TECO EnergyUIL HoldingsVectren Corp.Vodafone Group ADRWestar EnergyXcel Energy Inc.
At the time of this article's writing, the author did not have positions in any of the companies mentioned.


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International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS)
Topic Overview
The American Urological Association (AUA) has developed the following questionnaire to help men determine how bothersome their urinary symptoms are and to check how effective their treatment is.footnote 1 This questionnaire has also been adopted worldwide and is known as the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). It is sometimes seen with a Quality of Life Scale at the end of the questionnaire.
Symptom score point scale
Use the following point scale to answer the questions.
- 0 points means you answered "never" to the question.
- 1 point means you answered "less than 1 out of 5 times" to the question.
- 2 points means you answered "less than half of the time" to the question.
- 3 points means you answered "about half of the time" to the question.
- 4 points means you answered "more than half of the time" to the question.
- 5 points means you answered "almost always" to the question.
Symptom score questions
- Over the past month, how often have you had the feeling of not completely emptying your bladder after you finished urinating?
- Over the past month, how often have you had to urinate again less than 2 hours after you finished urinating?
- Over the past month, how often have you found that you stopped and started again several times when you urinated?
- Over the past month, how often have you found it hard to hold your urine?
- Over the past month, how often have you had a weak urine stream?
- Over the past month, how often have you had to push or strain to begin urination?
- Over the past month, have you had to get up to urinate during the night? Give a score to the number of times.
- 0 means you did not get up at all.
- 1 means you got up 1 time.
- 2 means you got up 2 times.
- 3 means you got up 3 times.
- 4 means you got up 4 times.
- 5 means you got up 5 times or more.
For example, for question number 1, a man who had the feeling of not completely emptying his bladder less than half the time (but more than 1 out of 5 times) would get 2 points for that question. For question number 4, a man who found it hard to hold his urine less than once out of every 5 times would get 1 point for that question.
Symptom score total
Total your score.
Your score shows how severe your symptoms are. This score may be used to develop a treatment plan. Your doctor may also ask you to take the test again after treatment to see how well treatment helped your symptoms.
Compare your total score to the list below.
0 to 7
8 to 19
20 to 35
Quality of life
If you were to spend the rest of your life with your urinary condition just the way it is now, how would you feel about that?
- Delighted
- Pleased
- Mostly satisfied
- Mixed
- Mostly dissatisfied
- Unhappy
- Terrible
Related Information
ByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical Reviewer E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine
Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine
Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
Specialist Medical Reviewer J. Curtis Nickel, MD, FRCSC - Urology
Current as ofDecember 3, 2017
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The Orpheum Theater in Flagstaff, AZ will celebrate its tenth anniversary with a free performance by Colorado newgrass band Head for the Hills. The 21-and-over event (unless accompanied by a parent or guardian) will take place at the Orpheum Theater on December 8 at 8pm. Special guests will join the group during the show.
As previously reported, Head for the Hills are currently in the middle of a tour that is taking them all across the western half of the United States. Along the way they've shared bills with Hot Buttered Rum, Emmitt-Nershi Band and others. Their show at the Orpheum in Flagstaff will be the last show of their 2012 fall tour. Their remaining dates appear below.
Upcoming Head for the Hills Dates
November 15 Portland, OR—Mississippi Studios(*)
November 16 Portland, OR—Mississippi Studios(*)
November 17 Seattle, WA—Tractor Tavern(*)
November 18 Seattle, WA—Tractor Tavern(*)
December 1 Denver, CO—Cervantes Masterpiece Ballroom
December 4 Monroe, UT—Mystic Hot Springs
December 5 Los Angeles, CA—The Mint
December 6 San Diego, CA—Winstons
December 7 Tempe, AZ—Sail Inn
December 8 Flagstaff, AZ—Orpheum Theatre
(*) w/ Emmitt-Nershi Band


text:
David Shively
Office: Stone Hall 212
Phone: (406) 243-6478
Fax: (406) 243-4840
Email: email@example.com
Faculty & Staff
Sarah J. Halvorson
ProfessorFax: (406) 243-4840
Email: email@example.com
Office: Stone Hall 211
Office Hours:
Please contact via email.Personal Website
Current Position
- Professor of Geography
- Coordinator, Montana Geographic Alliance
- Co-Director and Faculty Member, Interdisciplinary Minor in Mountain Studies
- Coordinator, General Geography Option
- Faculty Member, Institute on the Environment (MS & PhD in Systems Ecology)
- Faculty Member, Interdisciplinary Minor in Climate Change Studies
- Faculty Member, Women's and Gender Studies Program
- Ph.D., University of Colorado at Boulder, 2000
- Geography
- Dissertation: Geographies of Children's Vulnerability: Households and Water-Related Disease Hazard in Northern Pakistan (Dr. James L. Wescoat, Jr., Dissertation Advisor)
- M.A., University of Colorado at Boulder, 1995
- Geography
- Thesis: She Who Holds A Bucket Holds A Choice: Evaluating Women's Range of Choice of Water Supplies in Northern Pakistan (Dr. James L. Wescoat, Jr., Thesis Advisor)
- B.A., St. Olaf College, 1990
- English (with Departmental Distinction and honors) and Asian Studies Concentration
- Senior Thesis: Women Warriors in the Literature of Maxine Hong Kinston and Amy Tan (Dr. Abigail Werlock, Thesis Advisor)
- Certifications
- Interdisciplinary Environmental Policy Program, 1995, University of Colorado at Boulder
- Graduate Teaching Program, 1995, University of Colorado at Boulder
Field of Study
Water Resource Geography, Hazards and Disasters, Mountain Geography, Gender and the Environment, Central and South Asia.
Research Interests
Water Resource Geography, Environment-Society Relations, Hazards and Disasters, Mountain Geography, International Development, Gender and the Environment, Human Dimensions of Climate Change, Health Geography, Political Ecology, Children's Geographies, Qualitative Methodologies, Regional Geography of Rocky Mountain West, Central and South Asia, and North Africa and the Sahel.
Home Department
Department of Geography
Area of Expertise
Environmental Hazards; Gender and Development; High Asia; Human Dimensions of Climate Change; Mountain Geography; Political Ecology; Water Policy
Systems Ecology Title
Professor, Social-Ecological Systems
- GPHY 141S - Geography of World Regions
- GPHY 144 - Montana's Mountains (Field Course)
- GPHY 335 - Water Policy
- GPHY 338 - Mountains and Society
- GPHY 435 - Environmental Hazards and Planning
- GPHY 444 - High Asia
- GPHY 491 - Gender and International Development
- GPHY 500 - Geography Graduate Colloquium
- GPHY 504 - Introduction to Geographical Research
- GPHY 505 - Research Design
Teaching Experience
Other courses taught at UM
- GEOG 202 - South Asian Cultures and Civilizations
- GEOG 295 - Peoples and Cultures of Central and Southwest Asia
- GEOG 479 - Rural, Town, and Regional Planning
- GPHY 550 - Seminar in Geography: Global Change
- GPHY 560 - Seminar in Planning
Professional Experience
Dr. Halvorson's teaching and research interests span several broad and diverse areas including: gender and social aspects of water resources and environmental hazards; medical and health geography; gender geography; international development in Central and South Asia and Africa; and water and landscape transformations in the Rocky Mountain West. From 1994 to 1998 she carried out ethnographic fieldwork in mountain communities in the Karakoram of northern Pakistan. This work culminated in a doctoral dissertation entitled, "Geographies of Children's Vulnerabilities: Households and Water-Related Disease Hazard in Northern Pakistan." Since 2000, she has carried out field studies in the Bitterroot Valley of Montana, Royal Kingdom of Bhutan, Republic of Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey and Tajikistan, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of Western China.
Selected Publications
Selected Peer-Reviewed Articles
- Wescoat, James L. Jr. and S.J. Halvorson. Forthcoming. "Emerging Regional Perspectives on Water Resaerch and Management: An Introductory Comment." Eurasian Geography and Economics.
- Halvorson, S.J., Williams, A.L, Ba, S. and F. Dunkel. 2011. "Water Quality and Waterborne Disease along the Niger River, Mali: A Study of Local Knowledge and Response," Health and Place: An International Journal, 17(2): 449-457.
- Wall, T. and S.J. Halvorson 2011. "Wildfire Research in an Environmental Hazards Course: An Active Learning Approach," Journal of Geography, 110(1): 6-15.
- Mohadjer, S., R. Bendick, S.J. Halvorson, U. Saydullaev, O. Abduaziz, C. Stickler, and Z.R. Adam. 2010. "Earthquake Emergency Education in Dushanbe, Tajikistan." Journal of Geoscience Education, 58(2): 86-94.
- Halvorson, S.J. and J.P. Hamilton. 2010. "In the Aftermath of the 2005 Qa'yamat: The Kashmir Earthquake Disaster in Northern Pakistan," Disasters: The Journal of Disaster Studies, Policy, and Management, 34(1): 184-204.
- O'Reilly, K., S. J. Halvorson, F. Sultana and N. Laurie. 2009. "Introduction: Global Perspectives on Gender-Water Geographies," Gender, Place and Culture, 16 (4): 381-385.
- Halvorson, S.J. 2008. "Critical Water Problems in Tajikistan: Inventory and Prospect," Geographishe Rundschau International Edition, 4(4):12-18.
- Halvorson, S.J. 2008. "Saffron Cultivation and Culture in Central Spain," FOCUS on Geography, 51(1): 17-24.
- Halvorson, S.J. and Jennifer Parker Hamilton. 2007. "Vulnerability and the Erosion of Seismic Culture in Mountainous Central Asia," Special Issue on Coping with Human Vulnerability in Mountain Environments, Mountain Research and Development, 27(4):322-331. View article as PDF file.
- Hamilton, Jennifer Parker and S.J. Halvorson. 2007. "The 2005 Kashmir Earthquake: A Perspective on Women's Experiences," Special Issue on Coping with Human Vulnerability in Mountain Environments, Mountain Research and Development, 27(4): 296-301. View article as PDF file.
- Halvorson, S.J. 2004. "Women's Management of the Household Health Environment: Responding to Childhood Diarrheal Disease in the Northern Areas, Pakistan," Health and Place, 10: 43-58.
- Halvorson, S.J. 2003. "Placing' Health Risks in the Karakoram: Local Perceptions of Disease, Dependency, and Social Change in Northern Pakistan," Mountain Research and Development, 23(3): 271-277.
- Halvorson, S.J. 2003. "A Geography of Children's Vulnerability: Gender, Household Resources, and Water-Related Disease Hazard in Northern Pakistan," The Professional Geographer, 55(2):120-133.
- Halvorson, S.J. 2002. "Environmental Health Risks and Gender in the Karakoram-Himalaya, Pakistan," The Geographical Review, 92 (2): 257-281.
Other Publications
- Halvorson, S.J. and Steven Levine. 2010. "Field Observations from China's 'New Frontier,' Invited article and photography, Ubique ~ Notes from The American Geographical Society, 30(1):1-7.
- Halvorson, S.J. and Steven Levine. 2010. "A New Frontier in China for The University of Montana." Special issue on "International Education in Asia." IIENetworker Magazine, March: 27-28.
- Halvorson, S.J. 2009. "Teaching the Crown in Polebridge, Montana." In Crown of the Continent Initiative E Magazine (http://issuu.com/crown_of_the_continent/docs/spring2009), edited by Rick Graetz and Jerry Fetz.. Missoula, MT: The University of Montana Press (pp. 98-105).
- Halvorson, S.J. et al. 2003. Firestorms 2000: A Bitter Root Oral History. Missoula, MT: Bitter Root Valley Historical Society.
- Halvorson, S.J. 2002. The Fires of 2000: Community Response and Recovery in the Bitter Root Valley, Western Montana. Quick Response Research Report #151. Boulder, Colorado: Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, University of Colorado. URL: http://www.colorado.edu/hazards/qr/qr151/qr151.html.
- Wescoat, J.L., Jr. and S.J. Halvorson. 2000. Ex-Post Evaluations of Dams and Related Water Projects: Patterns, Problems, and Potential. Report to the World Commission on Dams, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Aziz, N. and S. J. Halvorson. 1999. Women's Involvement: A Switch in Thinking, Hoto, Pakistan. In PLA (Participatory Learning and Action) Notes: Community Water Management. Edited by M.P. Lammerink and D. de Jong. London: International Institute for Environment and Development (pp. 47-51).
- Halvorson, S.J.; Aziz, N. and K. Alibhoy. 1999. Development of Strategies to Involve Women in Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Interventions in Northern Pakistan: Experiences of the Water and Sanitation Extension Programme, in Proceedings of the 24th WEDC Conference, Islamabad, Pakistan, 1998: Sanitation and Water for All, edited by J. Pickford. Leicestershire, UK: Loughborough University.
- Halvorson, S.J. 1998. Linking Water, Diarrheal Diseases, and Mothers' Knowledge: A Case Study from Northern Pakistan. Report to the Aga Khan Health Services Pakistan, Gilgit, Northern Areas.
- Michel, S. and S.J. Halvorson. 1996. Book Review: Joni Seager's Earth Follies: Coming to Feminist Terms with the Global Environmental Crisis, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 86 (2): 350-352.
- Halvorson, S.J. 1994. Women, Water, and Sanitation: Lessons from the Field. Technical Report. Women and Development Section, Aga Khan Rural Support Program. Gilgit, Pakistan: AKRSP.


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Video: 'RoboCop' headset lets police look through walls
The video illustrates the different features the headset will offer
By PoliceOne Staff
A new device has been designed to help police spot criminals through buildings using infrared technology.
Golden-I, developed by Kopin Corporation, is a device that operates by voice commands and head movements to allow police to access vital information, according to the Daily Mail.
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text:
Suffolk, ss. Division of Administrative Law Appeals
Sundar Pandit,
v. Docket No. CR-07-508
State Board of Retirement,
Appearance for Petitioner:
Sundar Pandit
373 Peakham Road
Sudbury, MA 01776
Appearance for Respondent:
Erin C. Nally, Esq.
State Board of Retirement
One Ashburton Place
Boston, MA 02108
Administrative Magistrate:
James P. Rooney, Esq.
Sundar Pandit, a former Department of Revenue employee, filed a timely appeal, under G. L. c. 32, §16(4), of a June 30, 2007 decision by the State Retirement Board denying his request for a termination retirement allowance under the provisions of M.G.L. c. 32, §10(2). I held a hearing in the appeal on September 30, 2008 at the Division of Administrative Law Appeals, 98 North Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts. At the hearing, I admitted thirteen exhibits in evidence and left the record open to receive a fourteenth exhibit, which the Board filed on October 6, 2008. I marked Mr. Pandit's pretrial memorandum as Pleading A and the Board's pretrial memorandum as Pleading B. Mr. Pandit was the sole witness at the hearing.
Following his testimony, each party stated its arguments. I made one tape of the hearing.
Based on the testimony and exhibits presented at the hearing, I make the following findings of fact:
1. Sundar Pandit was born on July 11, 1953 and began working at the Massachusetts Department of Revenue on September 9, 1984. Pleading B. At the time of his ultimate termination, he worked as a Tax Examiner II, staffing the Department's hotline. Ex. 12.
2. Mr. Pandit has by his own admission abused alcohol, which has led to health and personal problems (hypertension, depression, and divorce) and also led to attendance problems at work. He has been treated for alcoholism a number of times. Pandit testimony and Pleading A.
3. Under the Collective Bargaining Agreement between the Commonwealth and Mr. Pandit's union, the National Association of Government Employees (NAGE), the Commonwealth may establish starting and quitting times of state jobs. Each employee receives a specified amount of sick time depending on the number of hours he or she works. Ex. 14.
4. On July 27, 2003, the Department terminated Mr. Pandit from his position. Ex. 9. He challenged the termination and, on May 4, 2005, an arbitrator overturned the decision finding that the Department lacked just cause for the discharge. Ex. 13.
5. Mr. Pandit resumed his employment with the Department on May 31, 2005. Pleading B and Pandit testimony. His health, however, remained impaired and he believed he was getting sicker. Pandit testimony. His doctor's notes from 2006 and 2007 reflect that he missed numerous days of work due to stomach bugs and other unspecified illnesses. Ex. 11. In his 2006 performance evaluation, his supervisor commented that:
Sundar's overall evaluation is a meets but this is not to say all is well. Time and attendance questions persist and only Sundar can put these to rest.
Ex. 12.
6. In 2007, the Department terminated Mr. Pandit again. Pandit testimony and Ex. 8. He filed a grievance, which he, his union NAGE, and the Department subsequently settled. Pandit testimony and Ex. 5. In pertinent part, the settlement provided:
1. Mr. Pandit's employment at the Department will be terminated, effective April 18, 2007, due to his unreliable and unpredictable attendance, as demonstrated by a number of recent unauthorized absences as well as his conduct prior to his 2003 termination.
2. The Department agrees to provide Mr. Pandit with a termination of employment letter which shall reflect April 18, 2007 as Mr. Pandit's last date of employment with the Department.
6. ... This full, final and comprehensive Agreement resolves any and all matters relative to these issues pertaining to separation of Sundar Pandit's employment with the Department. No party hereto shall introduce this Agreement into any other case between the parties for any reason at any time except to enforce the terms therein.
Ex. 5. Mr. Pandit signed the settlement agreement on April 12, 2007. James Reynolds, a Department Deputy Commissioner, and Theresa McGoldrick, a NAGE representative, signed the agreement on April 18, 2007.
7. Mr. Pandit agreed to the settlement because he believed it would make him eligible for a termination retirement allowance under M.G.L. c.32, §10(2). He had a conversation with Department Deputy Commissioner Reynolds prior to accepting the settlement in which he understood Reynolds to say that the Department would furnish him a letter that would make him eligible for a termination retirement allowance. Pandit testimony.
8. The termination letter dated April 18, 2007 and signed by Department of Revenue Commissioner Alan LeBovidge stated:
This is to notify you that I am terminating your employment with the Department of Revenue effective immediately.
By letters dated February 28, 2007 and December 8, 2006, I informed you that I was contemplating disciplinary action against you for your unauthorized absences from the Department. Specifically, you have had more that six periods of unauthorized absence from the Department from September 25, 2006 through the present. During these periods, you were absent from the Department in excess of your accrued leave time and did not qualify for any authorized unpaid leave under the terms of your collective bargaining agreement or federal law. On at least one occasion, you also failed to timely report your absence to your bureau.
As a result of your recent multiple unauthorized absence[s] from the Department and your lengthy past history of similar conduct, your attendance at work is inconsistent and unreliable. Your inconsistent and unreliable attendance greatly impacts your ability to effectively perform your job duties at the Department and provides just cause for the termination of your employment. The statements in this letter are accurate and made under the pains and penalties of perjury.
Ex. 8. Mr. Pandit understood this to be the letter Mr. Reynolds had promised him and thought it would make him eligible for a termination retirement allowance because the Commissioner swore under the pains and penalties of perjury that Mr. Pandit was not terminated because he broke any laws or had engaged in acts of moral turpitude. Pandit testimony.
9. On May 7, 2007, Mr. Pandit filed a retirement application. In a cover letter, he stated that he was seeking superannuation allowance under M.G.L. c. 32, §10. He stated that he was eligible because he had worked for over twenty years for the state and had been terminated as of April 17, 2007. As for his termination, he explained:
My separation is based on being diagnosed with the following illnesses: hypertension, diverticulit[is], ulcers and depression, exacerbated by alcohol abuse. This was the causation of my absence problem and led directly to my termination within the meaning of Chapter 32, §10.
Ex. 6. He concluded by stating that "these conditions are the cause of my incapacitation and inability to perform my job." Ex. 6
Mr. Pandit attached to his application a memorandum dated April 29, 2007 from Paritosh Prasad, M.D., of MGH Back Bay Health Center. Dr Prasad stated:
This is to certify that Sundar Pandit has medical conditions including hypertension, gastrointestinal ulcers, and diverticulitis for which he is receiving medical care. He also has depression and alcohol substance abuse which have resulted in absences from work. He would benefit from section 10 early retirement.
Ex. 6
10. On May 31, 2007, the State Board of Retirement voted to table Mr. Pandit's retirement application until it received further information. It informed Mr. Pandit of its action in a letter dated June 1, 2007. Ex. 7. Mr. Pandit heard that the Board tabled the matter because Theresa McGoldrick of NAGE, who represented him in the grievance and is a member of the State Retirement Board, told the Board she intended to recuse herself because she participated in the settlement of Mr. Pandit's grievance. He understood this made the Board aware of the existence of the settlement agreement, which the Board then asked to see. Pandit testimony.
11. On May 31, 2007, the Board received the settlement agreement concerning Mr. Pandit's termination. Ex. 5.
12. On June 28, 2007, the Board voted to deny Mr. Pandit's request for a termination retirement allowance. It sent a letter to him dated June 30, 2007 informing him of this decision. Ex. 1. Ms. McGoldrick of NAGE did not participate in the decision. Pandit testimony.
13. Mr. Pandit asked the Board to reconsider its decision in a letter dated July 23, 2007. Ex. 3. The Board denied the request. Ex. 4.
14. Mr. Pandit requested a hearing in a letter dated July 6, 2007. Ex. 2. In a subsequent letter date June 18, 2008, he asked that a hearing be expedited. Ex. 10.
M.G.L. c. 32, §10(2)(a) provides for the award of a termination retirement allowance greater than the normal superannuation retirement allowance for any member who has at least twenty years of creditable service and who was involuntarily terminated from employment. A member may receive a termination retirement allowance when he "is removed or discharged from [his] position without moral turpitude." M.G.L. c. 32, §10(2)(a).
The parties agree that Mr. Pandit had more than twenty years of creditable service with the Department of Revenue and that he was discharged from his position without moral turpitude. But that does not end the matter because M.G.L. c. 32, §10(2)(c) provides that:
Any member who is removed or discharged for violation of the laws, rules and regulations applicable to his office or position ... shall not be entitled to the termination retirement allowances provided for in this subdivision.
The termination letter states explicitly that Mr. Pandit was discharged for unauthorized absence from work. Mr. Pandit does not dispute that the Department of Revenue had rules requiring him to show up for work or that he failed to follow those rules by being out sick so long between September 25, 2006 and April 18, 2007 that he had more than used up his accrued leave. Because this evidence shows that Mr. Pandit was terminated for violating the rules of the Department of Revenue, he is not entitled to a termination retirement allowance.
This in notwithstanding whatever deal he thought he had with the Department when he settled his grievance. Both the settlement itself and the termination letter make clear the Department terminated him for attendance problems, thus making him ineligible for a termination retirement allowance. Mr. Pandit failed to realize this for he applied for a termination retirement allowance shortly thereafter. He thought that because the termination letter identified the cause of his discharge as something other than law breaking or moral turpitude, he would be eligible for a termination retirement allowance. In his application, he also sought to explain his termination stating that it was caused by "hypertension, diverticulit[is], ulcers and depression, exacerbated by alcohol abuse."
An employee may, under appropriate circumstances, obtain a termination retirement allowance if his employer terminates him because illness has left him unable to perform his job. See Dunlevy v. Teachers' Retirement Board, CR-03-1030 (DALA dec. 3/9/05; 2/14/05; CRAB dec. 12/29/05; Sup. Ct. dec. 4/4/07)(teacher terminated when back injury made him unable to perform his job entitled to termination retirement allowance); see also DesChamps v. State Board of Retirement, CR-07-432 (DALA dec. 10/11/07; no CRAB dec.)(orthopedic technician who was terminated after hospital refused to extend medical leave for hearing loss allegedly caused by work environment was entitled to termination retirement allowance).
There is no evidence that the Department of Revenue accepted that Mr. Pandit's attendance problems were caused by medical issues whether they be hypertension, depression, or alcoholism. Nor is there any evidence that Mr. Pandit took steps to bring his health issues to the attention of his employer as the reason for his attendance problems, either while he was employed at the Department or at the time of his termination. The Department had some leeway to take his health issues into consideration. The contract, for example, allowed an employee to take a sick leave if his absences were "due to the excessive use of alcohol" and he "becomes and continues to be an active participant in an approved counseling service program." Ex. 14. But all the evidence shows is that the Department, when evaluating Mr. Pandit, thought his attendance problems were within his sole control and that when it terminated him it did so based on those attendance problems without any hint that they were in any way related to underlying health issues. Exs. 8 and 12.
I nonetheless accept that from Mr. Pandit's perspective his attendance problems were caused by underlying health and alcohol problems. His testimony is credible and is supported by a brief memorandum from a treating physician who declared that depression and alcohol abuse led to Mr. Pandit's attendance problems. Ex. 6.
I see no reason, however, to reopen the dispute between Mr. Pandit and the Department over why he was terminated. That matter that was fully litigated at the time of Mr. Pandit's termination by the Department. The parties to the grievance were aware that not only was the question before them of whether Mr. Pandit's employment with the Department of Revenue should end, but that, if it ended, the manner in which it ended had the potential to impact the nature of his retirement allowance. They reached a resolution that attributed his termination solely to his attendance problems with no mention of the health problems that Mr. Pandit raises here.
That Mr. Pandit was under the erroneous impression that he would be eligible for a termination retirement allowance so long as his termination was for some reason other than moral turpitude or law breaking does not help him. He was terminated for violating Department attendance rules, which makes him ineligible for a termination retirement allowance. If he believes the Department misled him as to the impact of the termination letter it intended to write or the union failed to adequately advise him, he can take these matters up with the Department and the union.
The State Board of Retirement was not bound by the deal Mr. Pandit thought he had reached with the Department. It instead was obliged to make its own evaluation of whether he was entitled to a termination retirement allowance. The termination letter and the settlement agreement provided valid evidence to justify the Board's conclusion that Mr. Pandit was terminated for violating the Department of Revenue's attendance rules. Mr. Pandit is correct that the Board could not properly rely on the portion of the settlement agreement that referred to any attendance problems he had prior to his 2003 termination because that matter had been resolved by an arbitrator in his favor. It is not clear whether the Board considered his earlier attendance problems when it made its decision. I did not. Chapter 32, §10(2) focuses on matters as they stood at the time of an employee's termination. The evidence shows here that Mr. Pandit was terminated in 2007 for attendance problems that violated the rules of the Department of Revenue. Accordingly, I affirm the decision of the State Board of Retirement to deny Mr. Pandit a termination retirement allowance.
James P. Rooney
Administrative Magistrate
DATED: August 12, 2009


text:
NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partners. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Tuesday, August 9, 2016
Obesity and Weight Management
What is the Cause of My Weight Gain?
I read an article about a woman gaining over 50 pounds in about 6 months. Well the same thing has happened to me. I am not on any medications, I am getting more headaches then I used to, and no matter how much sleep I get at night, I constantly feel tired and have no energy.
I have not gone to see a doctor yet, but I don't know what it could be. It looks more like bloating than weight gain. Cancer is very strong in my family but nothing that is hereditary, except my mother was diagnosed last year with colon cancer and was 43, and bloating was a symptom with her. I'm only 19, going to be 20 in July.
The other symptoms don't fit, but I don't understand what it could be. I have gained 7 pounds in just a week and half, and the weight isn't stopping. What do I do?
Gaining a lot of weight in a short period of time can indicate a medical issue. It is important that you call your doctor and make an appointment to get this evaluated promptly. [With the symptoms you mentioned and the family history you shared, it is also important to seek medical advice on this matter.] After your medical evaluation, if the doctor feels that your problem is diet related, you can then see a Registered Dietitian (RD) to help design the right diet to help you.
Good luck to you.
Jane Korsberg, MS, RD, LD
Senior Instructor of Nutrition
School of Medicine
Case Western Reserve University


text:
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by Paul Trani
Part of being a great web designer is understanding the medium you are designing for, recognizing its weaknesses and pushing its strengths. Understanding this balance as we are thrust into the world of mobile and "progressive enhancement" will go a long way in making you a success. In this session, Adobe Evangelist Paul Trani will demystify the technology alphabet soup of CSS, HTML5, jQuery Mobile, PhoneGap, TypeKit and Sencha Touch so you can boldly execute on your next project (or at least sound really smart in meetings).
United States United States, Austin
9th–13th March 2012


text:
Skip to comments.Zot Is the Health of the State
Posted on 04/09/2010 11:29:45 AM PDT by fascistsoup
" The more terrifying the occasion for defense, the closer will become the organization and the more coercive the influence upon each member of the herd.
War sends the current of purpose and activity flowing down to the lowest level of the herd, and to its most remote branches. All the activities of society are linked together as fast as possible to this central purpose of making a military offensive or a military defense, and the State becomes what in peacetimes it has vainly struggled to becomethe inexorable arbiter and determinant of mens business and attitudes and opinions " -Randolph Bourne
Dear readers,
I am a former member of the US military that has served time in the Persian Gulf and I have done counter narcotics operations in the Caribbean. I am familiar with warfare and Im not afraid to stand up in defense of the nation should the need arise. However, Im also not afraid to confront what psychologists call cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance is the uncomfortable feeling one gets when holding two contradictory ideas at the same time. Wiki describes it thusly, The anxiety that comes with the possibility of having made a bad decision can lead to rationalization, the tendency to create additional reasons or justifications to support ones choices.
Ive spent quite a bit of time recently resolving the cognitive dissonance that arises from justifying the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq with my strong limited government view points. On this subject, I have reached the conclusion the nations founding fathers reached centuries ago: War is the health of the State. Ultimately, if one holds that government is a coercive and dangerous institution, one must reject all wars that are not defensive in nature and that do not involve the stake of national sovereignty.
Washington had it right when he said, Government is not reason; it is not eloquence; it is force! It is a dangerous servant and a terrible master. There is a reason why the Constitution does not establish a standing army. In fact, the Constitution mandates that the Congress review the need to even have an army every two years if one should ever be created. Congress has the power To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;
You see, a truly free people dont even need an army. Ladies and gentlemen we have over 65 million gun owners in this nation at last count. Chinas entire military only numbers around 3 million active and reserve troops. It is impossible that any nation on this earth could ever invade and conquer us when so many of us own guns. The Constitution says we should have a standing Navy to defend our trade routes and our shores, but an army is an entirely different matter.
The nations of Afghanistan and Iraq are not threatening our national sovereignty. There is no invasion force of armed jihadists looking to land on our shores and conquer New York. The hijackers that attacked us on 9/11 were Saudi and could easily have been trained or funded anywhere on this planet, even on our own shores. The threat of terrorism can not be solved through warfare.
The nation has spent well over a trillion dollars fighting the multiple wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The results to-date have been somewhat disappointing. While we can look at Afghanistan and Iraq and say we have created and installed governments favorable to us, we also must look at the damage we have done to ourselves if we are to be fair.
A trillion dollars taken from the public and spent on the machinery of the State is a trillion dollars less the public has in their pockets. The government has no money. It has your money. The wars have massively expanded the State. I find that it is irreconcilable to hold the view that government is an evil institution of force that must be limited, while at the same time holding the view we must wage war to install favorable governments in foreign nations.
The founding fathers felt that warfare should only be engaged in to save the nation from tyranny. That armies should only be created when absolutely necessary to defend against an invasion of such tyranny, that standing armies are a direct threat to liberty. Jefferson was quoted as saying, Banking establishments are more dangerous than standing armies. And while this may indeed be true, the last part of the phrase is just as telling as the first. Jefferson himself viewed a standing army as something to be feared.
I personally fear the government more than I fear terrorists. I have a gun and I can defend myself from terrorists. It is impossible to defend oneself from a coercive domineering government. We should be looking at ourselves as the defenders of this nation, not government. I do not need rough men standing ready in the night to protect me. I need the freedom to protect myself.
Ultimately this cognitive dissonance must be faced by each and every one of you that support the tea party while also supporting the wars. The tea party movement has grown from the basic distrust of government instilled in us by the natural rights of man and the founders of this nation. If you support the tea party and what it represents, in order to be in agreement with your position, you must ultimately reject foreign wars where the sovereignty of the nation is not at stake.
Yep. Completely...
So do you think that maybe a credit card would be a better way to contribute?
Perhaps an envelope of monopoly money would be in fascistsoups best interests?
One you canceled, perhaps...
Now that gave me an idea. How 'bout one of those Clinton $3 bills?
That would be an evil idea.
Return address to be one of Pelosi or Reids addresses?
*bad bad bad!*
*good good good!*
"Ah did not have credit with that card!"
I resent his assumptions, frankly... Can we sue him for libel like one of his readers mentioned? I don't like war at all, and I'd really like for him to see what he would offer as far as proof in court...
Let's try that again...
I resent his assumptions, frankly... Can we sue him for libel like one of his readers mentioned? I dont like war at all, and Id really like to see what he would offer as far as proof in court...
LOL, works for me!
Just be sure to wear latex or vinyl gloves when hndling said currecy and envelopes.
Not a problem. I already have someone in mind for that chore...
LOL, that's evil.
I like it.
I suppose I should probably be clear; it's not my wife...
"I have no idea what you are referring to."
I have an ex sister in law that would be perfect.
I'll keep that in mind, if my ex wife succumbs...
Team the two of them up, ex sis-in-law is completely insane and not at all grounded in reality known on any planet in this dimension.
Okay, but the ex wife licks the envelopes...
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


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