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subset: commoncrawl


text:
I trust that everyone had a nice holiday is chipper and ready to go. U.S. markets still have not reversed even though Europe may have and if we consider them the leader, we could be in for some trouble. But let's go back to the end of the week, which suddenly feels like a long time ago.
Consumer confidence rose from 73.8 to 76.3 as Americans felt a little better about hiring prospects but still remain concerned about defense spending cuts. But Friday Wal-Mart got hit as their sales figures were the worst in seven years. I don't know that Wal-Mart is the new GM. As you'll remember, as GM used to go so did America. What I've noticed from Wal-Mart is the pricing isn't quite as good as it used to be, and the deals you find there can be found elsewhere as well. But anytime an important cog in the wheel of the economy has a huge number that it hasn't seen in years, it's a concern. So let's take a look at the stock. The action on Friday left a lower tail so it could all be a tad bit overblown. You had the gap down but it's not like it closed on the low. At the end of the month its 89 days off the high. It doesn't look as bad as it feels.
What we need to watch for is the tail on this chart. If it's going down, they'll attack immediately to retest the low. If not the gap will get filled. These situations generally resolve one or the other fairly quick.
Last time we talked about the Justice Department's suit against S&P. Wanna hear a joke? Moody's lowered the rating on S&P. They are calling it near junk status. You want to tell me Moody's isn't in the same boat as S&P is as far as potential Justice Department action? I find the whole thing ridiculous because when it counted, none of the agencies were there to defend the public.
The surprise of the week was the Greenback which extended gains above the possible trend line for a bigger triangle which has contained the action since November. This opens the door for a move to the November high which is just above the 200dma. That being said there is greater risk to the stock market now then we've seen in many weeks. The other not so big surprise because it really shouldn't surprise anyone was the drop in precious metals. This sector has been threatening a bigger drop for a long time but it just doesn't happen. Last week it finally did. The best target I have for you is 2900 in Silver which is a Fibonacci extension of the leg down in January. The XAU has a very choppy leg down from September and nothing is certain there but we do know it's coming to critical 2012 support and if that breaks we need to go to a monthly chart to get the next target near 130. The 200 month moving average is 116 so the reality of any real disaster has that level as a long term target. But at 143 it no longer seems so far-fetched. At the rate we are going it's not likely to get tomorrow. But I will tell you that once the precious metals pick up steam it's hard to get them to reverse, especially when you have the Greenback going the other way.
There's a lot of noise right now concerning the big drop in the Yen contract. It's reached the critical phase at 1.0600 which carries an important Fibonacci level among the legs. Don't be surprised to see an important trading reversal right here. This one has become nearly as one way as it gets.
So where does that leave us? The markets are still in uptrends, nothing has changed there but Europe is in a bit of trouble. Even as the FTSE made a new high last week, it has dropped far enough to put in a secondary high that suggests a correction has started that will at least take the chart sideways. That last small degree leg up was a 5 wave completion and has confirmed it's at least not ready to continue going up right now. Our concern is that US markets will follow suit. On the one hand that might not be so bad if it goes sideways because it would mean we'd dodge another bullet.
Next page: What's up with the VIX?


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14 de febrero, 2011 - Evento: comScore Presentation
State of the Internet in Australia
The presentation includes key insights into recent trends in Australia and the unique opportunities that exist in this dynamic online market.
Presentation highlights include:
- An in-depth analysis of the online audience in Australia and how it compares to other countries around the world.
- Overview of key trends in social networking and top social networking destinations in the market.
- Analysis of shifting online communication behaviors in Australia, including email and instant messengers.
- How audiences are utilizing the Internet for their retail and travel needs.
- Overview of Australians' online video usage including top video viewing destinations and demographic analysis.
Sigamos conectadosÚnase a nuestra lista
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|2009-11-12, 04:51
|Link #861
Senior Member
Join Date: Mar 2009
Location: In my room
I just saw my jaw rolling on the floor. ...... .... ... .. . . . . . . .................
The a very huge revelation that I'm left speechless. I'll just come back later after figuring my thoughts....................... entering persona world.
before it may turn out forever lost after the revelation. Thanks for the link its very useful. It's been translated good except the terminologies where I think everyone that know indexverse can deduce what it is. Unless its a new term for the volume.
|2009-11-12, 11:39
|Link #863
Senior Member
Join Date: Mar 2008
Location: all and none
aliester running a large scale xanatos gambit isn't to big of a surprise, the series pretty much gave me that impression given how much he influences everything despite hanging upside down in a tube.
i am impressed at what it was though, never really thought about it like that since there were simply to many variables plotted to make it work out.
|2009-11-12, 12:02
|Link #864
Senior Member
Join Date: Jun 2006
|2009-11-12, 14:12
|Link #867
Senior Member
Join Date: Mar 2008
Location: all and none
The only real reason i could be ok with this development is if it turns out the other lvl 0 has some broken anti super power ability that's just not evident and fubared him.
|2009-11-12, 20:25
|Link #870
Join Date: Jul 2004
Location: Somewhere far beyond
|2009-11-12, 23:34
|Link #872
Senior Member
Join Date: Nov 2008
Just need some clarification
I'm sorry for asking so many questions
|2009-11-12, 23:55
|Link #873
Join Date: May 2009
And yes, without Last Order, these AIM manifested Entities would vanish.
But According to Eiwas himself, Last Order would "collapse" sooner or later in maintaining him. So perhaps Alister have some other sort of back up (Full Tuning, perhaps?).
As how Hamatzura made it out alive.....
And some analysis on the new mystery that is Eiwas
|2009-11-13, 00:43
|Link #874
Super Sadist
Join Date: Sep 2008
if you can, some questions so I can piece things together.
What happened to Rikou? If Mugino is yandere for Hamatzura, then Rikou is definitely in her way for him. And that can't be safe for Rikou. ;_;
Back at England, the civic conflict was resolved/over, right? Touma wouldn't be going to Russia if that wasn't the case. And what of New Light? Lessar supposedly survived, but what about Floris?
And Vent, conflict within God's Right Seat? She went to go protect Sasha or something? Then she's against Fiamma.
Spoiler for Kakine:
Just wondering, which side do you prefer, shmaster? Between magic and science, I mean. And in your opinion, which side are the advantage/upper hand if magic and science clashed on a full scale? Eiwas may be a higher existence than Huze=Kazakiri as an artificial Angel, but the magic side still have Saints, Power of God and angels of their own, don't they?
|2009-11-13, 11:21
|Link #876
Senior Member
Join Date: Dec 2005
Location: Ashiarai-Yashiki
|2009-11-13, 20:27
|Link #880
Senior Member
Join Date: Mar 2009
Location: In my room
maybe its the matter that the vector is pointing. Like if accelerator is repelling you then dark matter will change its laws back to accelerator. Well just think of it as a way against physics.
Accelerator is just messed up. Even he redeemed himself with LO. His way of doing things is just plain old sicko. I would gladly face touma's superman fist than some wacko accelerator.
And it looks like wiki doesn't have that info for dark matter too.
btw has the past of crowley been revealed? I mean it looks like tsushimikado has an idea that his been using touma before. In the anime when the first season is ending. He warn crowley that if take advantage of him be wary that his right hand may shattered your delusions but crowley said that his delusions have been already destroyed. Maybe its something connected to the magic side and his past that lead to his grudge against them.
and lastly I hope frog face will do something with mugino. Her looks are definitely bad news. Bring back the old mugino!!!!!! and also I didn't expect hamatsura to trigger a flag with a level 5. Does this mean level 0 attract level 5?
and also I'm hoping for a summary for vol 19. It looks like the 19 is a major turning point for science side of the story with many revelation and info for the upcoming battles.
|action, dengeki bunko, fantasy, light novels, science fiction, shounen
|Thread Tools


text:
Do you represent a winery, vineyard or tasting room? Register now If you have forgotten your username or password, please click the "Forgot?" link in the form fields to the right.Please do not create a duplicate account.
Emotional boundaries may feela bit more abstract. Setting these mayinclude creating limits for
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. For example,you mayrule out yelling or name calling, establishing a mutual expectation that this boundary is not to be crossed. These expectations should be set in advance so that when difficult and painful emotions come out, there are ground rules on how to proceed.
A partnership also needs boundaries around external relationships, such as with friends, at work, or with family. For one partner, innocent flirting with co-workers may be a deal breaker. Another might have concerns about spending time away from the relationship with friends. How will family time be handled? Boucher advises these boundaries need to be "made clear so the people in the relationship continue to feel safe and understood."
If you're unsure what your personal boundaries are, it's going to be hard for others to follow them. To help figure out your own limits, start by tuning into your emotions and thoughts.
Our emotions and thoughts serve as a kind of compass to where boundary lines need to be drawn, therapist Julie de Azevedo Hanks tells
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. She addsthat emotional discomfort may indicate an area where a boundary is needed, while pleasurable emotions let us know we are on the right track.
We also need to tap into what wevalue, non-negotiably, in all facets of our individual lives— whether that's maintaining ahobby on the weekends, or spending a certain holiday with beloved family members. To hone in on your specific values, Hecker recommends asking yourself questions such as, "What is important to me? What are my needs? What are the traditions/hobbies I want to keep? Am I always striving for personal satisfaction and happiness?"
Once you've had the time to reflect on your boundaries, the next step iscommunication. Your partner probably isn't a mind reader and shouldn't have to guess your boundaries, though many of us fall prey to this behavior. State them clearly both in advance and when your partner crosses a boundary in the moment. Of course, this is easier said than done.
"Saying 'no' or speaking our truth when someone upsets us might feel scary at first," coach and mentor Jennifer Kass shares on
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. "When we face our fears and express our thoughts and feelings openly to the person who upsets us or pushes our boundaries, internal healing occurs…when we show up for ourselves, we provide an opportunity for those around us to show up as well."
If possible, it's best to have "boundary conversations" when things are going well — that is,before there is a problem. Sure, there will be times when we have to remind our partner about our boundaries as issues inevitably arise. In the heat of the moment, communicate boundary violations without blaming your partner.
For example, counselor Gary Gilles
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,"It's much better to say, 'I feel hurt and misunderstood in this conversation' than to say, 'You made me feel hurt because of the way you talked to me.' The former is simply expressing an emotion; the latter is blaming your partner for the hurt feelings."
[…] before, there is just nothing better than a good chocolate chip cookie. Since my friend gave methisrecipe, it's been the only chocolate chip cookie I ever make. Take a looksie…the […]
[…] Jacques Torres Chocolate Chip Cookie Recipe […]
These tasted absolutely amazing when I made them (I swear I gained five pounds because I made about fifty and ended up eating them all by myself), but I had a problem with my cookies overspreading. I used the same kind of ice cream scoop as you, but when I baked them, my cookies ended up very thin and and about three inches wide. They sort of fell apart in my hands, even after they cooled. Any tips?
[…] tend to steer clear of specialty baking items and more often than not, I end up baking my favorite chocolate chip cookies to bring to parties instead of something I've never tried before – because, you know, […]
After stumbling on this recipe, I have made these cookies tons of times, and I've made them a ton of different ways because I didn't always have the exact ingredients. However, the past few times I've followed the recipe almost exactly and they haven't turned out like I see yours have. They're still the best cookies I've ever tasted, but my dough doesn't get as wet as your seems to. The cookies also don't spread as much. They're almost like a crinkle cookies w/o the crinkle. Any tips? Yours look fantastic, and I'd love to try them ooey gooey!
I just made a batch and baked trial cookies. tastes amazing but the cookies turned out really thin? is it bc I didn't wait the 24hrs or do you have any suggestions on how to make them fluffier?
i dont think waiting 24 hours makes much difference. as a test i baked one right when i made the dough then placed the rest of the dough in the fridge as the recipe directed. they came out with exactly the same taste and look as the one not fridged.
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text:
Leaked Apple inventory list hints at new non-iOS hardware
Stay of execution for Mac Pro towers rumoured
Sweat is pouring down fanbois' foreheads today: a leaked inventory list and a stock shortage have sparked rumours of a new Mac Pro emerging at Apple's World Wide Developers Conference.
The Mac Pro desktop tower was last refreshed in August 2010, and the top-specced model is a 12-core £4,083 ($4,999) beast. Such muscle power is well outside the requirements of Apple's slab-fondling, phone-stroking, Angry Birds-hurling user base, so it is feared the maker of iOS-powered gadgets might let its high-end desktop line die out. The Reg's Rik Myslewski noted that combined sales of the Mac Pro, Mac Mini and iMac - all traditional desktops - only contributed $6.4bn to the company's $108bn net sales last year.
However, a shortage of Mac Pro units (Mac Rumours found that only 5 out of 100 US Apple stores had the entry-level model available in store) and an inventory list sent to 9to5Mac suggest that there may be a new Mac Pro model on the way.
The list purportedly shows new fruity stock headed for sale in Australia. The list of order numbers do not seem to match any order numbers for current Apple products but are in the same format. 9to5 infers that the three numbers below show a new Mac Pro is on the way:
The Reg knows that the current order number for the Mac Pro is MC915LL/A, but we cannot confirm that the Mac rumour mill's guess is right - or that the document is real. Other helpful whispers suggest that the Mac Pro will get an updated case, possibly featuring a 7-inch retina display screen. That sounds bonkers.
A separate spec sheet running wild on the internet seems to suggest a thinner, more expensive Macbook Pro with an Intel Ivy Bridge chip will be unveiled at WWDC. And other rumours suggest an update to the iMac and to the MacBook Air.
It's five days till the conference on 11 June, when we'll actually be able to find this stuff out, and won't have to keep staring at fuzzy JPGs of spreadsheets. ®


text:
If you've been inspired by Jeremy Lin's story and want to work on honing your basketball skills, Nike has a new solution to help motivate you and track your progress.
The sportswear giant expanded its Nike+ line today with the introduction of Nike+ Basketball. The solution includes a new line of sneakers with pressure sensors strategically placed throughout the soles to measure how hard you're playing, how fast you're moving, and how high you're jumping (as if I need an app to tell me my vertical sucks).
The sensors then wirelessly transmit this data to your iPhone via Bluetooth, so you can see the results and track your progress. Social networks also play a big part of Nike+ Basketball, as you can share your stats with friends on Facebook and Twitter, or compare them to other users via the app's global leaderboard. There's even a showcase mode that lets you superimpose the data onto a video of you working your magic on the court.
Not a baller? Not a problem. Today, Nike also introduced Nike+ Training, which should appeal to a broader group. The mobile app portion offers videos of various drills and challenges, while the sensors provide real-time feedback on your performance. You can customize workouts everyday, depending on what you want to focus on, and like the Nike+ Basketball, you can also share your results via social networks.
The new pressure sensor-enabled shoes will be part of Nike's Lunarlon collection and are expected to be available in the U.S., U.K., France, Germany, and China on June 29, starting with three models: the Nike+ Hyperdunk, the Hyperworkout+ for women, and the Lunar TR+1 for men. Pricing information was not revealed at this time.


text:
DailyDirt: How Do You Solve A Problem Like... Academia?
from the urls-we-dig-up dept
- Associate professors are unhappy (significantly less satisfied than assistant or full professors)... with the monotony of writing research grants, publishing and teaching. Maybe it's a mid-life crisis, or just the realization that there's not much appreciation for teachers in general. #firstworldproblems? [url]
- The problems with academia are nothing new -- graduate education has been called the "Detroit of higher learning" for a while now. Full-time professors probably shouldn't complain too much around grad students and adjunct professors, though. [url]
- Tenured CS prof Terran Lane explains why he resigned from his position to go work at Google. "We're being paid partly in cool. If you take away the cool parts of the job, you might as well go make more money elsewhere." [url]


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DANVERS, Mass. — On the morning of Oct. 22, Philip Chism, a 14-year-old student and soccer player, took a ski mask, gloves, multiple changes of clothes and a box-cutter with him to school, according to the police.
Chism was later seen in surveillance videos from cameras at Danvers High School putting on the gloves and pulling the hood of a sweatshirt over his head as he followed his math teacher, Colleen Ritzer, 24, into a school bathroom, the police said in court papers released Friday.
Shortly thereafter, the video showed him rolling a recycling bin into the bathroom and leaving, this time wearing a white T-shirt and a black mask.
By the end of the day Ritzer had been raped, and stabbed multiple times. Her throat was slit. Her body had been dumped into nearby woods; next to it was a folded, handwritten note saying, "I hate you all."
Chism has been indicted on charges of murder, aggravated rape and armed robbery. He is to be arraigned in Essex Superior Court on Dec. 4.
The court papers provide a timeline and details of a gruesome crime that has shaken this quiet suburb, about 20 miles north of Boston. And they offer a few clues about Chism's life: his parents had been undergoing what his mother called a "stressful" divorce, for example.
But they do not address the central question of why a young man like Chism, who apparently showed no outward signs of trouble or aggression, might have mutilated, raped and murdered his teacher, who was beloved by most of her students and went out of her way to help them.
Dr. Eugene Beresin, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and a specialist in adolescent psychiatry at the Clay Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, said such cases were "off-the-charts rare."
"I personally have never seen anything like this in the hundreds of cases I've had and the thousands of cases I've supervised," he said.
He has not been involved in the case and is not privy to any information that might help connect the dots here, and he said it was hard for him to make any sense of it.
"Most kids who commit violent acts have a history, a history of something, of impulsivity, of mood disorders, or of abuse and neglect," Beresin said. "I see kids every day who have witnessed the most horrifying sexual and physical abuse, for example, or have been abused themselves, but they don't do this."
Any number of internal factors, such as a percolating psychosis or a neurological condition, or external factors, such as abuse, could be involved, he said.
It is also possible, he added, that a motive may never be discerned.
Robert C. LaBarge Jr., a state trooper, wrote in the court papers released Friday that he believed Chism "planned the crime" because he went to school "armed with a box-cutter, a balaclava/ski mask, gloves" and several changes of clothes.
Chism was a student in Ritzer's last-period class that day. An unidentified student told the police that after class, she was in Ritzer's classroom and saw the teacher and Chism there talking about China.
The student said Ritzer then mentioned Tennessee, the state Chism left a few months before with his mother, and that Chism "became visibly upset." She said that at first, Ritzer did not seem aware that Chism was upset but then realized he was and changed the subject.
The unidentified student also said "she observed Philip apparently talking to himself in the classroom," the court papers said.
The video cameras — now a staple in newly built schools like this one — showed Ritzer walking out of her classroom and down a hallway toward a women's bathroom at 2:54 p.m. At the same time, Chism walked into the hallway, then ducked back into the classroom. He then emerged from the classroom with a hood over his head and went into the same bathroom, pulling on the gloves.
At 3:07, he left the bathroom with a hood over his head. He went outside to the student parking lot and came back in the building at 3:09 wearing a white T-shirt. He went back to the classroom and emerged at 3:11 with a red hooded sweatshirt over his head and returned at 3:16 with a recycling bin. At 3:22, he emerged in a white T-shirt and a black mask, pulling the bin and heading toward an elevator and then outside.
Video picked him up coming back into the school at 4:00. By 4:04 he was seen wearing a black shirt and glasses and carrying a pair of jeans. A minute later he went back to the original bathroom, then left the school a minute after that.
After the police were notified that both student and teacher were missing, they conducted a search.
At 12:30 the next morning, the police found Chism walking on a nearby highway. He had a knife and a bloodstained box-cutter, they said. Asked where the blood came from, Chism said, "The girl," according to the court papers. They also found Ritzer's credit cards, driver's license and underwear in his backpack, they said, then placed him under arrest and charged him with murder, to which he later pleaded not guilty.
At that point, the police went to look for her body. They found it, half-naked, near the school, covered with leaves and debris. A recycling bin was nearby, as were blood-soaked gloves.
LaBarge wrote that he was seeking warrants to search Chism's basement apartment, where he lived with his mother and two sisters, and his computers. He said that based on prior experience, he knew that people involved in violent crimes "often will have an obsession and this obsession can include Internet searches for their victims and sexual-fetish-based Internet inquiries."
He also said he expected to find "documents describing planning the crime, the defendant's mental status, and any nexus for the reason the defendant expressed his hate for everyone as described in the note found adjacent to the victim's body."
The results of those searches have not been made public.


text:
by Anaiis
06/17/2016 00:44 in voyeur-husband
This story could have been in 'Loving Wives' or 'BDSM' THE HOTEL I can't wait to hear how this one goes' Marcia told Jeanette on the phone. 'Who've we got?' 'Tim and Kat.' 'Oh, don't tell me we're babysitting. They shouldn't have been let in.' 'They're young, but I've heard they have some interestin


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Mike Piazza, Eric Karros, Dodgers, Giants
Mike Piazza and Eric Karros show their frustration after the Dodgers wasted a bases-loaded situation in the 10th inning of a game in San Francisco against the Giants. The Giants won the game in 12 innings, drawing them back into a tie with L.A. atop the National League West. Ultimately, the Giants won the division by two games.
Susan Ragan / Associated Press
Copyright © 2018, The Morning Call


text:
The upcoming series between the Bruins and the Canadiens, which will start Thursday night in Boston, is about much more than two well-matched teams that raced through Round 1 of the playoffs. The intensity of the rivalry, which includes 33 previous playoff match-ups, makes the B's want to win that much more.
BOSTON – So exactly how big is this Bruins-Canadiens playoff rivalry?
Something like that is probably impossible to measure, but it's at least big enough that someone doesn't even have to have participated to know about it, and get excited by it.
"I feel like I've watched the rivalry my whole life," said Justin Florek, the 23-year-old winger from Michigan who's hoping for a chance to suit up for the 34th edition of the series. "It's great to be a part of it, to get a chance to be here with the guys and see what it's like."
"I know it's special," said Carl Soderberg, who played professionally for more than a decade in his native Sweden before finally getting to Boston, and the NHL, a year ago. "I know the past – a lot of playoff series against each other, and Montreal has a little advantage. So we want to beat them, for sure."
Soderberg may underestimate the Canadiens' "little advantage" – Montreal has won 24 of 33 series so far – but he's dead-on accurate when it comes to knowing how much the B's want to beat the hated Habs. The 28-year-old center made it into this season's four regular-season games against Montreal, so he's pretty keenly aware that the Bruins can get themselves in trouble if they let their emotions get the best of them.
"We have to stick with our game, and not get too frustrated or whatever," he said. "We just have to stay calm."
Soderberg will soon find out how much easier that's said than done. But for what it's worth, his more experienced teammates, veterans of multiple B's-Habs series, don't even try to disguise how much they relish the idea of eliminating the Canadiens.
"It's basically the big rivalry," said center Patrice Bergeron, who played in his first Boston-Montreal series as a rookie in 2003-04. "It's great to have. It's great for the fans, it's great for us as players. It gets you going, gets you even more emotionally attached to games. You want to win that much more."
David Krejci, who enters his fourth series against the Canadiens, marvels at how the rivalry isn't confined solely to the ice.
"Media and fans and people around us are going to put extra heat to it," he said. "I guess we're kind of used to it. We know going into the series it's going to be like that. (Reporters) are going to try to find out lots of bad things about individuals.
"But I guess it's better this way. It gets you more ready for the games. It gets you more excited."
Bruins coach Claude Julien has perhaps the best perspective on the rivalry, since he's been on both sides of it: As a first-year, full-time NHL head coach in 2003-04, he brought Montreal back from deficits of 0-2 and 1-3 to beat the favored Bruins in seven games. Boston fans forgave that in 2011, when Julien and the B's recovered from losing Games 1 and 2 at TD Garden to score a seven-game win that started their run to the Stanley Cup.
"I hated Boston when I was in Montreal," Julien said. "Now I hate Montreal, because I'm in Boston."
This year's Canadiens series, the Bruins' fourth in seven years under Julien (he and the B's lost in 2008, then won in '09 and '11), could be the best of the bunch. After six straight first-round series, the teams are meeting in Round 2, and both are coming off impressive wins in Round 1. The B's, despite concerns about how they'd handle the speedy Detroit Red Wings, won four in a row to advance in five games, while the Habs swept the Tampa Bay Lightning in four.
All the more incentive to knock them off, say the Bruins.
"It just makes you want to beat these guys so bad – and once you do it, there's only four teams left," Krejci said. "That's kind of exciting."


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With first game on tap, Reds ready for action
GOODYEAR, Ariz. -- The drills, the batting practices, the bullpen sessions and the meetings have all been productive for the Reds this spring. But they've also been repetitive activities with predictable outcomes.
Players are itching to play games, and they will now have their chance.
GOODYEAR, Ariz. -- The drills, the batting practices, the bullpen sessions and the meetings have all been productive for the Reds this spring. But they've also been repetitive activities with predictable outcomes.
Players are itching to play games, and they will now have their chance.
"Workouts are good. We've all done plenty of working out," right fielder Jay Bruce said. "That stuff is going to continue to get better as far as BP. But getting out there, seeing some live pitching and playing the game is going to make us more ready."
On Wednesday, exhibition games begin for the Reds, as they will open their Cactus League schedule with the first of three games vs. the Indians at Goodyear Ballpark. First pitch is at 3:05 p.m. ET, and the game will air on MLB.TV.
"Something to talk about, really, other than the speculative stuff," Reds manager Bryan Price said. "It will be great to talk about performance and how we see the team take shape over the course of this next month. That's exciting for all of us. Until they play, you really don't know where to go."
Price is turning to reliever Alfredo Simon to start the opener against Cleveland's Trevor Bauer. Simon is getting a look as a possible starter in case the injured Mat Latos (left knee) isn't ready to begin the regular season. Johnny Cueto will start on Thursday, followed by Homer Bailey on Friday.
As for the starting position players, Price expected them to play no more than five innings on Wednesday.
Inside the Reds' clubhouse, the players were anticipating a chance to get more tangible results from their efforts.
"I think everyone is ready for games, especially the guys that have been here for a while," utility player Skip Schumaker said. "I'm sure the pitchers are ready. They've probably done enough PFPs [pitchers' fielding practice]. I think we're excited to get this thing rolling."
Most of the regular eight starting spots are locked down, barring the unforeseen. But this will be the first chance for center fielder Billy Hamilton to begin solidifying himself as Cincinnati's leadoff hitter. Left fielder Ryan Ludwick, who missed most of last season with a right shoulder injury, will get to see how his power has returned. Devin Mesoraco is entering the year as the team's regular catcher for the first time.
Besides just getting ready for the regular season, Spring Training games are a time for experimentation. Price plans to have baserunners be more aggressive, and everyone will have the green light to steal. There has been a stress on situational hitting during drills, which could come into play.
"It's a great learning opportunity for us, this next month," Price said. "We'll find out really what we have. I've talked a lot about ceiling for players, but you have to start expanding the ceiling and give them the opportunity to show us what they can do."
And like the players, Price will get his first crack at showing what he can do. He has never managed at any level previously and spent the past 14 years as a big league coach, including 2010-13 with the Reds.
Price, who replaced Dusty Baker, will have a chance to make in-game decisions that he hasn't previously had to make.
"This is an important spring for me, as well," Price said. "Just getting acquainted with my position, it's a new position for me. I'm really enjoying the administrative portion of putting together a lineup, and your second wave of players. I very much enjoy that and spending time with [third-base coach Steve Smith], the catchers, [catching coordinator] Mike Stefanski as far as the slide-step signs and the signs to our hitters and baserunners. I'm really excited about all of this stuff. It's important for me to get acclimated to the role."
Mark Sheldon is a reporter for MLB.com. Read his blog, Mark My Word, and follow him on Twitter @m_sheldon.


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Listen, we know: Feeding the family can cost an arm and a (chicken) leg. That's why we developed these easy and affordable recipes—all $3 or less a serving!
Bookmark this page now, because it will become your new go-to source for easy, budget-friendly dinner recipes that you'll want to make again and again. Everyone is looking for cheap and easy weeknight dinners, so we rounded up our very favorite dishes from the Southern Living Test Kitchen. Even though these affordable recipes don't require much money or time, they are fresh, flavorful, and designed to satisfy even the heartiest eaters. Take your pick from filling soups and stews, crowd-pleasing lasagna, macaroni and cheese, comforting casseroles, pizza, and more. Best of all, most of these dinner recipes are under $5 a serving. Eating well on a budget just got much easier!


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Diablo III's Road to Redemption with Reaper of Souls - GDC 2015
Join Josh Mosqueira as he discusses the dramatic shifts in gameplay, core philosophy, itemization, and rewards in Diablo III: Reaper of Souls.
Join Josh Mosqueira as he discusses the dramatic shifts in gameplay, core philosophy, itemization, and rewards in Diablo III: Reaper of Souls.
Mary looks back at her time on the couch with friends and breaks down the top 13 local cooperative campaign games to play with comrades.
Mary Kish's Top Games of 2014
Holidays are about family and friends. Get your co-op and competitive fix with these five group friendly games.
Check out this year's nominees for GameSpot's Game of The Year 2014 Reissue Category!
Destiny's story is lackluster. That's no secret. But why hasn't this affected its popularity, and do gamers even care about story?
If you're playing the latest Diablo release on PlayStation or Xbox, here are four important tips to remember.
In this video, Community Manager Brandy Camel takes a look at some of the major new features and changes included in the first major content patch for Reaper of Souls.
We've got the whole week's worth of resolution-related news, Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare won't be coming to Wii U, and Microsoft's last word on Tomb Raider exclusivity.
To mark the release of Diablo III: Reaper of Souls Ultimate Evil Edition Cam investigates why we find gathering loot so damn enjoyable.
Erick, Danny, and Chris traverse through bounties, nephalem rifts and even play a little dress up in Diablo III: Ultimate Evil Edition.
We cover off on three things you can keep in mind to help you get the most out of cooperative gaming! What are your tips?
This week on The Lobby we've got Diablo III on consoles, Kevin VanOrd showing off Metro Redux, and a chat with the developer for CounterSpy. All that along with the ...
A Demon Hunter slays Clickers, Bloaters, and Stalkers in Diablo III: Ultimate Evil Edition's The Last of Us nephalem rift.
This week we get CounterSpy; Diablo III: Reaper of Souls Ultimate Evil Edition; Hotline Miami comes to PS4; Plants vs Zombies: Garden Warfare comes to PS4 and PS3; and Sword ...
Watch as two brave souls fight their way into Diablo III: Ultimate Evil Edition's final act.
Watch extended gameplay footage from Diablo III: Ultimate Evil Edition featuring the Giant Bomb crew.
Check out some early gameplay from the PS4 version of Diablo III, the Ultimate Evil Edition.
Diablo 3 will run at 1080p on Xbox One (and PS4), Ryse: Son of Rome is coming to PC at 4K, and Casey Hudson says farewell to BioWare after 16 ...
Join Chris Watters as we talk with Blizzard developers about the release of Diablo III - Ultimate Evil Edition on consoles, and answer questions from the community.
Here's a quick look at all of the features that you can expect in the first major patch for Diablo III: Reaper of Souls.
Microsoft defend their old pre-180 policies, Nintendo think Twitch streaming isn't fun, and Diablo 3 console resolutions are confirmed!
Chris chats with Josh Mosqueira about gameplay mechanics, ps4 touchpad functionality, and the addition of The Last of Us monsters in Diablo III Reaper of Souls Ultimate Evil Edition.
Check out Diablo III Reaper of Souls: Ultimate Evil Edition coming soon to the PS4.
Sony confirms Watch Dogs graphical quality for PS4, Diablo III: RoS makes its way to new-gen, and EA drops online functionality for many older titles.
Sony sells off all of it's Square Enix shares, Watch Dogs Ultra PC specs revealed, and Diablo III running on the PS4 at PAX.
Despite strong sales of the Xbox/PC exclusive Titanfall, Sony's PlayStation 4 continues to edge out the Xbox One in console sales
We sat down with Blizzard at PAX East 2014 to get a demo of Diablo III on PS4 which includes all the additions from Reaper of Souls and more.
Heroes of the Storm draws its roster from multiple universes, but not everyone has joined the battle. Zorine Te names some favourites she'd like to see.
The Battlefields of Eternity are full of unspeakable terrors and a battering ram.
Follow a demon hunter as she battles a horde of reapers and archer skeletons in Diablo III: Reaper of Souls.
Erick takes some time from his 5 day stream of Diablo III's new expansion to show us Campaign and Adventure mode in Diablo III Reaper of Souls.
Think Diablo 3 has sucked recently? Think again. The upcoming expansion Reaper of Souls has significantly improved on the RPG experience, and here's how.
This week we get Diablo 3 Reaper of Souls , Mercenary Kings, Escape Goat 2, The Witch and the Hundred Knight and BlazBlue: Chronophantasma!
A monk tries out his shiny new Wings of Valor that are coming as a pre-order bonus for Diablo III Reaper of the Souls.
GameSpot's own Eddie Makuch joins The Lobby to talk about recent changes in SimCity and Diablo III, as well as Walmart's entry into the used game market.
Check out the launch trailer for Diablo III: Reaper of Souls.
As a Demon Hunter, survive the onslaught of Maghda's dark minions.
In this video, Community Manager Lylirra takes a look at some of the major new features and changes included in our pre-expansion patch 2.0.1.
Find out how to get from level 1 to 50+ in the new Diablo III patch 2.01 in a matter of minutes
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North Quadrangle
105 South State Street
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1285
The North Quadrangle Residential and Academic Complex provides a focal point for international and intercultural programming. This unique combination of living and learning environments offers a highly innovative experience that connects upperlevel undergraduate students to their community and the world.
North Quad is home to International Impact, a theme community focused on today's multicultural world and two academic learning communities, the Global Scholars Program and the Max Kade German Program. In addition to residential spaces and classrooms, North Quad also includes offices for the School of Information, Communication Studies, Screen Arts and Cultures, the Language Resource Center and the Sweetland Writing Center.
North Quad is Michigan's first new residence hall since Bursley Hall was opened on North Campus in 1967. To learn more about North Quad, tune into our YouTube channel.
Quick Facts
- Rooms:
- Houses approximately 450 upperlevel undergrads
- Double and triple suites include a sofa, coffee table and a semi-private bath
- Singles, doubles and triples
- Building:
- Marketplace-style dining center and Java Blue café
- Television production studio (located in Academic Complex)
- High-tech media gateway to support students, faculty and staff in working with multimedia, network and communication technologies (located in Academic Complex)
- Classrooms and seminar spaces (located in Academic Complex)
- Multicultural lounge and classroom (located in Academic Complex)
- Community Spaces:
- Community Learning Center
- Performance and presentation areas
- Lounges on each floor plus a hall living room and kitchen on the 10th floor
- Collaborative work spaces that include video-teleconferencing and electronic media sharing/editing
- Housing Options
- Undergraduate Housing
- Single Graduate Student Housing
- Family Housing
- Gender-Inclusive Housing
- Off-Campus Housing
- Food Allergy FAQs
- Students With Disabilities or Additional Needs
- Applications, Rates & Policies
- Dining & Meal Plans
- Undergraduate Programs & Services
- Graduate and Family Programs & Services
- Conferences & Summer Camps
- Transportation, Parking & Maps
- Health & Safety
- News & Events


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Title: Deadly
Author: Julie Chibbaro
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
May Contain Spoilers
From Amazon:
Join the search for Typhoid Mary in this early twentieth-century CSI. Now in paperback!
Prudence Galewski doesn't belong in Mrs. Browning's esteemed School for Girls. She doesn't want an "appropriate" job that makes use of refinement and charm. Instead, she is fascinated by how the human body works—and why it fails.
Prudence is lucky to land a position in a laboratory, where she is swept into an investigation of a mysterious fever. From ritzy mansions to shady bars and rundown tenements, Prudence explores every potential cause of the disease to no avail—until the volatile Mary Mallon emerges. Dubbed "Typhoid Mary" by the press, Mary is an Irish immigrant who has worked as a cook in every home the fever has ravaged. But she's never been sick a day in her life. Is the accusation against her an act of discrimination? Or is she the first clue in solving one of the greatest medical mysteries of the twentieth century?
When I first sat down with Deadly, I was just a bit apprehensive. The first few pages didn't exactly grab me, and I was afraid I was in for a slow, dull read. My apprehension quickly disappeared. This book is fantastic, and I quickly started looking at the world in a whole new way. Bacteria? What an interesting organism! When Prudence was finally allowed a peek through a microscope, her enthusiasm was contagious. What is this tiny, living thing that makes people so ill? Just like Prudence, I longed to learn more about typhoid fever and how to stop its persistent spread through 1906 New York.
I love a book that does make me think, and Deadly is one of those books. Prudence is such a smart young woman, curious about science and the human body, but because she is woman, her inquisitive nature is destined to go nowhere. She is enrolled at a school to learn how to run a household and be a proper wife, which bores her to tears. She wants to do something meaningful; she wants to help people, so nobody else has to watch a loved one die of illness. When she is hired to work at the Department of Health and Sanitation, she is given an outlet for her curiosity. Hired because of her neat penmanship and ability to type, she is quickly challenged to use her mind, too. Her supervisor's current task is to find the cause of the typhoid fever outbreak and put an end to it before anyone else dies of the disease.
Deadly is a character driven book, and what characters it has! I loved Prudence, despite her cool reserve. She isn't one to easily show her emotions, but she is constantly plagued by them. Because she wants to make a good impression on her new coworkers, she won't allow herself to appear weak or womanly before them. Instead, she's all business; she wants to prove that she is worthy of her new position, and she devotes herself to assisting Mr. Soper. She is also still hurting from her brother's death and the disappearance of her father, who is missing in action from the Spanish American War. Because of these losses, she is reluctant to risk being hurt again, so she keeps a wall around her emotions.
As Mr. Soper and Prudence begin to suspect that an Irish immigrant is responsible for the outbreak of typhoid, Prudence is assailed with moral and ethical questions. Is it right to forcibly isolate Mary for the public good? Do the ends always justify the means? These questions had me Googling so many issues brought up in the novel. How could a healthy person spread a disease they never had? What happened to Mary after the events in the book? How did the typhoid outbreak end? The book left me with lots of questions that I wanted answers for. The mere idea that installing toilets in separate rooms at boarding houses made me realize how far medical advances have come in just over 100 years. Indoor plumbing cut down on the transmission of so many diseases, and yet there are still millions of people without the luxury of toilets!
If you are looking for an engrossing, intelligent read, look no further than Deadly. Peopled with wonderful, intriguing characters, this book will make you think differently about science and medicine. I could not put it down, and when I wasn't reading it, I was telling other people about it, and discussing germs with them. Much like the bacteria researched in the story, Deadly will get under your skin, without all of the yucky side effects of typhoid!
Grade: A
Review copy provided by {teen} book scene


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Oil in the swimming pool
Once, during a time when I was separated from my wife, I lived in an apartment complex with a large and inviting swimming pool. One day, when I went to take relief from the heat at that glistening oasis, I found it fouled by motor oil. The apartment manager was there, shaking her head, speculating that an evicted tenant had come in the night to cause this trouble, spreading the oil upon the water in an act of vengeance.
Through the murky water I could see an open oil can at the bottom of the 6-foot marker, and there was a scrim of oil covering the entire surface of the pool, with a rim of black crud marking the tile where the water lapped at the overflow drain. I stood there in my robe and flip-flops, with a towel draped over my arm, feeling foolish beside water that usually carried the faint scent of coconut or lemon. Now the pool smelled like a gas station. The oil was black, as it would have been before it hit the refinery, and as it becomes after it's been through some car's engine block a bunch of times.
The pool was probably 40 feet by 100 feet, but one quart of oil was enough to foul it enough so that it had to be shut down for several days to be drained and then painstakingly cleaned. Even at that, I was told the oil did some lasting damage to the filtration system. I don't know how much water that pool held, but the ratio of water to oil had to have been hugely disproportionate. One quart was enough to make a considerable mess of things. It was also extremely disconcerting in ways I still don't entirely understand. The incident haunted me in ways my mind could not quite make right, leaving me with feeling one gets when things are badly out of place and simply not the way they should be.
Those disconcerting feelings have returned with even greater force since that awful day in April when 11 men died and the oil began to spout so ceaselessly into the Gulf of Mexico. Even when I'm not watching that obscene live feed of the oil as it gushes from the well head, the unfolding calamity darkens the mood of whatever else I might be experiencing, an omnipresent sense that things just aren't right, that a huge force has been unleashed.
If a quart of dirty motor oil can blight a very big swimming pool, what can we expect the numberless barrels of oil to do to the lower quadrant of our nation, or to our neighbors to the south, or to the planet as a whole, a global ecosystem that is inextricably interwoven in ways we don't fully understand?
As I write these words, the widening oil slick in the Gulf of Mexico stretches well over a hundred miles. For comparison, it might be instructive to imagine an area bigger than Lake Tahoe, or an area the size of the Grand Canyon, slickened and blackened with petroleum from rim to rim. Or you might try imagining Puget Sound, from Olympia at the southern tip, north past Tacoma, past Seattle, past Anacortes, all that water slick and thick with petroleum bubbling up from deep under American waters. Or try envisioning Lake Michigan, from Chicago northward, past Milwaukee, the shores of the lake coated with the guck and muck oil deposits when it isn't encased in something like the earth, a pipeline, or a can.
No matter the ratio of water to oil, one thing is certain: Unlike the owners of that apartment house swimming pool, we can't drain the Gulf of Mexico, scrub it up, and then refill it with new water.
I no longer live in the apartment complex where the pool was sabotaged with oil. Not long after that incident, my wife and I reunited. Some things can be fixed and some can't. But no amount of money spent on public relations campaigns is going to redeem the reputation of BP. And no amount of new Halliburton cement is going to make Dick Cheney's old firm look like a responsible corporation. And no escrow account, however large it may be, is going to take away the damage done, or the pervasive and persistent sense that, in the world of corporate morality, something is fundamentally and criminally wrong.
Jaime O'Neill is a contributor to Writers on the Range, a service of High Country News (hcn.org). He writes in Magalia, California.
Note: the opinions expressed in this column are those of the writer and do not necessarily reflect those of High Country News, its board or staff. If you'd like to share an opinion piece of your own, please write Betsy Marston at [email protected].


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Former high school Principal William K. Bishop said he has filed a formal complaint with the Massachusetts Commission Against Discrimination against the school district, alleging he lost his job due to age discrimination.
The 57-year-old Mr. Bishop saw his job "abolished" this summer, on the eve of the district opening a new middle-high school on Torrey Road.
School Committee Chairwoman Patricia Woodruff confirmed MCAD notified the district of the complaint on or about Feb. 15.
Mr. Bishop said MCAD notified him that this would be an expedited case.
The state agency gave the district 21 days to respond to his charge, which Mr. Bishop said he issued about a month ago.
Mr. Bishop said he then gets 21 days to respond to the district.
The case hearing is set for May 1 in Worcester.
Asked what he was seeking, Mr. Bishop said: "We're going to see what the person who sees the case thinks is appropriate."
Ms. Woodruff said a Massachusetts Interlocal Insurance Association lawyer is handling the case for the district, and the School Committee will discuss the matter in executive session March 12.
"I was surprised to receive this information, but the way things have been going this year, why not put something else on our plate?" Ms. Woodruff said in a statement.
On July 24, the School Committee voted, 4-3, to endorse then-Superintendent Eric D. Ely's plan to eliminate middle and high school principal jobs.
A week later, Mr. Ely named district math director Tammy M. Perreault principal of the new middle-high school, which opened to students Sept. 4.
It was Ms. Perreault's first principal's position. Her age could not be confirmed.
Ms. Perreault was placed on paid administrative leave Dec. 21. The district did not give a reason for her departure.
At the time of Ms. Perreault's appointment, she held only a license to be a principal in Grades 5-8. Though she had qualifications to be a licensed principal for high school students, she did not submit the paperwork until a week after the appointment.
Mr. Bishop said in an interview he was certified with the state to be a principal in Grades 5-12 at the time Mr. Ely decided what to do about the new combined schools' administrative team.
He had served five years as high school principal and worked 32 years in the district, including 11 as a middle school teacher, 15 as a high school teacher and a year as an assistant principal.
"Anybody that knew what went on would have to make the reasonable conclusion that I certainly wasn't treated appropriately," Mr. Bishop said.
At the time, Mr. Ely also promoted Amy B. Allen from middle school principal to district director of curriculum, instruction and assessment.
But Mr. Ely had refused to tell the Telegram & Gazette at the time if Mr. Bishop had been offered a job.
The decision to employ just one principal for the combined school drew harsh criticism from three of seven School Committee members. A motion to fire Mr. Ely in August failed, 4-3.
In addition to Ms. Perreault's departure, there have been numerous administrative personnel changes this year.
Mr. Ely resigned Jan. 25, after he had been placed on paid administrative leave in November pending the outcome of an investigation of a district employee's complaint of misconduct.
The district says the matter has not been finalized.
Meanwhile, Terry L. Wiggin, the district's director of finance and operations who served six weeks as acting superintendent, resigned. His last day was Friday.
In October, Assistant Principal Sharon Goulet resigned and wrote an exit letter questioning Ms. Perreault's competence and moral compass.
The district hired an outside lawyer to make an inquiry into Ms. Goulet's allegations.
Assistant Principal Gregory Leach was appointed acting principal, and retired Brockton school chief Basan Nembirkow has been serving as acting superintendent since Jan. 2.
Last week, Mr. Nembirkow told the school board he was moving Assistant Principal Jill R. Carroll into the unused middle school administrative office in the new combined school.
Ms. Woodruff said the district and committee would not let the many "speed bumps" of this year get in the way of moving the system off Level 4 underperforming status with the state.


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Herding of sheep by dogs is a powerful example of one individual causing many unwilling individuals to move in the same direction. Similar phenomena are central to crowd control, cleaning the environment and other engineering problems. Despite single dogs solving this 'shepherding problem' every day, it remains unknown which algorithm they employ or whether a general algorithm exists for shepherding. Here, we demonstrate such an algorithm, based on adaptive switching between collecting the agents when they are too dispersed and driving them once they are aggregated. Our algorithm reproduces key features of empirical data collected from sheep–dog interactions and suggests new ways in which robots can be designed to influence movements of living and artificial agents.
1. Introduction
Determining how social organisms form and maintain swarm-like behaviour is a major scientific challenge that has been taken up by biologists, physicists, mathematicians and engineers [1–4]. Some of the most striking examples of this collective behaviour occur in the presence of threat; when flocks, shoals and herds aggregate and evade their predators [1]. A sheep flock's response to a herding dog is a classic example of what Hamilton [5] called the selfish herd theory, which posits that aggregations result from individual efforts to reduce their own predation risk by moving towards the centre of a group. Recent empirical evidence supports this sheep anecdote, showing that sheep show a strong attraction towards the centre of their flock with the approach of a sheepdog [6]. However, the fact that the flock tightens does not tell us how the dog is able to manoeuvre this aggregation and herd the flock towards a specific destination.
Many attempts have been made to gain an understanding of how a single agent can gather and herd a group of other agents [7–16]. With such knowledge comes numerous applications, for example in crowd control [17,18], cleaning up the environment [19], herding of livestock [20], keeping animals away from sensitive areas [21] and collecting/guiding groups of exploring robots [22]. Most research has adopted a theoretical approach, and sought to model the interaction of the agents based on attraction, repulsion and alignment models that are common in studies of collective animal behaviour [2,4,23–27]. One agent, the 'shepherd', is then given a different set of rules from the rest of the flock, which are repelled by the shepherd. In one class of models, the shepherd's rules prescribe a side-to-side movement behind the group while herding it towards the target [7,28]. Such algorithms are appropriate for herding small groups (see [16] for a review), but herding of larger groups (more than 40 individuals) typically requires multiple shepherds [28]. However, single sheep dogs can successfully herd flocks of 80 or more sheep both in their everyday work and in competitive herding trials [29,30]. So, what are the sheepdogs doing that the agent shepherds (or the flocking agents) are not?
Here, we propose a self-propelled particle model of local attraction–repulsion type to model herding of a group of interacting agents by one shepherd towards a predetermined destination. We begin by investigating how the success of the general algorithm depends on both group size and the degree of locality in the agent interactions. Then we focus on the shepherd dynamics that result from the application of the algorithm. Finally, we compare the model against empirical data obtained from real-life herding experiments with an Australian sheepdog and merino sheep [6].
2. Results
The key features of our model are summarized below. A detailed account may be found in the Model and methods. Initially, N flocking agents are released at random positions in the upper right quarter of an L × L square field and a shepherd released outside this quarter. Each agent aims to stay away from the shepherd while remaining close to its n nearest neighbours. This behaviour of being attracted to nearby neighbours and repelled from potential threats is typical for sheep and many other herding animals [5]. Figure 1a illustrates the rules governing the agents. If an agent is further away than rs from the shepherd, it remains stationary, except for occasional random movements. Regardless of distance to the shepherd, agents are repelled from other agents at very short distances of less than ra and the unit vector indicates the direction of this local repulsion. If an agent is within a distance rs from the shepherd, the agent is attracted to the local centre of mass (LCM) of its n nearest neighbours, in the direction of the unit vector , and at the same time repelled directly away from the shepherd in the direction of . The new heading of the agent is then a linear combination of these three vectors weighted by corresponding model parameters ρa, c, ρs plus a weak inertia term and a small noise term . is then normalized and the agent moves a distance of δ in this direction. As only the direction, not the length, of is important each weight gives the relative strength of the corresponding term. For example, ρa is the relative strength of repulsion from other agents, c is the relative strength of attraction to other agents and ρs is the relative strength of repulsion from the shepherd.
The shepherd's task is to collect and drive all agents down to the lower left corner of the field. In order to solve this task, we propose the following algorithm. If the shepherd is within 3ra from any flocking agent, it does not move in this time step. Otherwise, the shepherd does one of two things depending on the position of the agents (figure 1b). If all agents are within a distance f(N) from their global centre of mass (GCM), then the shepherd aims towards the driving position Pd directly behind the flock relative to the target. We label this behaviour as 'driving'. If at least one agent is further away than f(N) from the GCM, then the shepherd aims instead for the collecting position Pc directly behind this furthest away agent. We call this behaviour 'collecting'. When collecting or driving the shepherd moves a distance of δs.
Typical simulation results are shown in figure 2 and in the electronic supplementary material, video 1. Owing to agents being randomly placed at the upper right-hand quadrant of the L × L field, the shepherd tends to initially collect the agents until they are cohesive, at which point it starts to drive the group. Once the agents are mobile, the shepherd switches between driving and collecting modes until the task is completed and the agents are delivered to the target location in the lower left corner of the field. Visualizing the trajectories of the shepherd and agents throughout the simulations, we observe a side-to-side motion of the shepherd behind the agents (figure 2). This motion is not explicitly coded in our shepherd's behaviours. Instead, it emerges as a consequence of the shepherd switching between driving and collecting.
To evaluate the performance of the shepherding algorithm, we investigate how often it completes the task successfully within 8000 time steps for groups of agents. In particular, we explore how the number of nearest neighbours affects the performance of the algorithm. Figure 3 shows the proportion of successful shepherding events as a function of N and n over 50 simulations. In the global case n = N − 1 and down to n = 0.53N, the algorithm is always successful. For N > 30, there is a transition region below the line n = 0.53N and above n ≈ 3log(N) where the probability of success drops from 1 to rare. In the region under the curve min(0.53N, 3log(N)) success is very rare.
We tested whether our model matched data collected using a back-mounted global positioning system (GPS) attached to N = 46 sheep and a working farm dog [6,31]. Electronic supplementary material, video 2, shows the data collected in the three experiments. For each herding event, the following can be observed: first, the dog approaches the sheep, and the sheep aggregate. The dog then positions itself behind the flock relative to the end position and starts driving it forward. As the flock is driven forward, individuals at one or both flanks begin to drift away from the overall flock centre of mass. The dog corrects for this by approaching the flank sheep and positions itself behind the sheep relative to the centre of the flock. The dog then returns to herding the flock towards the target.
To quantitatively compare the model with the experimental data, we calculate the projections of the shepherd vector onto the centroid vector v1 and the furthest agent vector , respectively (figure 4a). These projections and provide us with information about where the shepherd is relative to the centre of mass of the flock. If , the shepherd is directly behind the flock relative to target. If , the shepherd is on the same side of the flock as the furthest agent and if , it is on the opposite side. We calculate these projections in each time step of the simulation and in the data and present distributions showing the proportion of time steps the shepherd spent in a certain position. These measures capture both the driving mode, where the shepherd is directly behind or in front of the flock relative to the target (i.e. ), and the collecting mode when the shepherd is directly behind, or on the opposite side of the flock, relative to the furthest agent (i.e. ). Figure 4b,c shows how the proportion of time driving and collecting depends on the number of agents in simulations in the global case. The time the shepherd spends collecting agents increases until N = 40, and then decreases linearly (figure 4c), with a corresponding increase in time spent driving (figure 4b) as N increases and the flock is less likely to fission.
Figure 5a shows the minimum, mean and maximum distance between the shepherd and the centre of mass of the agents throughout the three trials. We compare this with the result of simulations in which the parameters are set to mimic the behaviour of real sheep and sheepdogs (figure 5b; electronic supplementary material, video 3). The overall shapes of the distributions match and both include the peak at around 10 m. Figure 5c shows that the proportion of time the dog spends in the driving and collecting modes is consistent with the shepherd behaviour in simulations. The box plot shows the result of 100 simulations and the results of each of the three trials are marked with dots. The full distributions of the centroid and furthest sheep projection values in simulations and in the data are presented in the electronic supplementary material, figure S1. We see that the projection on the centroid vector is peaked at 1, indicating a position behind the flock (electronic supplementary material, figure S1a,c). The distribution of the projection on the furthest sheep vector has a bimodal structure, peaking at −1 and 1, which indicates a position either on the side of the flock with the furthest sheep, or on the opposite side of the flock (electronic supplementary material, figure S1b,d). This results from both the dog's positioning itself to collect the furthest sheep, and the resulting attempted 'escape' of sheep on the other side of the flock. We also investigated how the distance from the initial release site to the target affected success rate and time to completion. In each simulation, 46 agents were initially positioned randomly within a 50 × 50 square centred at the point . We performed 100 simulations for each value of distance to target l, with l increasing from 10 to 500, and the time to completion was measured. The result is shown in the electronic supplementary material, figure S2, and we see that the success rate is unaffected and that the average time to completion increases linearly with distance to target.
Although our model is consistent with the data and allows herding of the 46 sheep used in the experiment, our algorithm is not guaranteed to succeed when n < N/2 and often fails when . One way of overcoming this problem and potentially allow the shepherd to deal with groups of arbitrary size is to programme it to sequentially bring in subgroups of a size it can handle. To test this idea, we implemented a shepherd that employs the algorithm on the LCM of the ns nearest neighbours rather than the GCM of all agents. Initial investigations showed that the shepherd can get stuck in the centre of mass of several symmetrically distributed subgroups and is thereby unable to complete the task. To counteract this problem, we also introduced a blind zone behind the dog specified by an angle β [32] (see the Models and methods for details). This modification improved the situation. In 56 out of 100 simulation runs a shepherd acting on its ns = 20 nearest neighbours successfully brought in groups of N = 201 agents with n = 20. Electronic supplementary material, video 4, shows six such simulations. In the first three simulations, the shepherd is successful, often bringing in groups of more than ns = 20 agents at a time. However, the last three simulations show typical situations where the shepherd gets stuck and fails to complete the task. In these runs, the shepherd is typically trapped between two or more clusters. Three quantitative measures of the local shepherd's performance as a function of number of agents (N) are presented in figure 6. For each N, we ran 100 simulations and calculated the minimum time to completion (figure 6a), proportion of successful herding events (figure 6b) and finally the average proportion of agents collected over the 100 simulations (figure 6c). Minimum time to completion suggests that in the optimal case, the time to completion increases approximately linearly with number of agents (minimum completion time = 20N + 630). The proportion of successful trials decreases from 1 for small number of agents down to approximately 0.5 for N = 200. However, even in the cases where the shepherd ultimately fails, it tends to bring in a majority of agents before. The average number of agents collected decreases with number of agents, but slowly, and even in simulations with 200 agents the shepherd manages to bring in 80% of the total number of agents over 100 simulations.
3. Discussion
The model we have presented offers a solution to the shepherding problem. Using a set of simple heuristics, we show that a shepherd can herd autonomous, interacting agents towards a target destination. The shepherd heuristics are based on adaptive switching between collecting agents when they are too dispersed and driving them once they are aggregated. These rules function to (i) reduce the probability that the group splits and (ii) allow the shepherd to keep the group moving towards a target location. A side-to-side motion of the shepherd also emerges as a consequence of these rules, a feature which has previously been hard-coded into shepherd movement rules in other models to improve efficiency [7,16,28].
There are a number of aspects of both the shepherd and the agent behaviour in our model that are consistent with real herding events involving sheep and a sheepdog (figure 5). Instead of weaving side-to-side behind a flock at some frequency, our shepherding algorithm results in the shepherd driving the group when it is cohesive and actively seeking and collecting those that drift out at the edges. This is exactly the type of behaviour that we see in our sheep–sheepdog datasets. The visual similarities between the model and the data (electronic supplementary material, videos 2 and 3) are corroborated by quantitative comparisons of the data and our model (figure 5).
The plausibility of our model relies upon two assumptions. The first is that the dog can estimate the space between the sheep, irrespective of their metric distance. This seems reasonable given the border collie, a classic sheepdog breed, is said to use a direct stare to herd the flock [29], and similar heuristics-based models have proved useful in understanding the behaviour of pedestrians in crowds [33]. Nevertheless, it would be useful to gather further evidence using, for example, eye-tracking systems to determine shifts in the dog's visual attention. Also, in our field experiments, we used an experienced dog which was given minimal direction. It would be interesting to conduct experiments with multiple dogs and owners of dogs of varied abilities; this way, we would be begin to investigate the role of task familiarity and learning in herding performance. Our second assumption is that agents are attracted to the centre of mass of at least half of the total number of agents (figure 3). At larger group sizes, this means that agents interact with many neighbours, which is at odds with other theoretical models of flocking in which agents tend to interact locally with a small number of individuals [16]. It is nonetheless consistent with a sheep flock's initial responses to the approach of a herding sheepdog [6], and with empirical data on bird flocking in which a topological interaction is required to maintain flock cohesion under perturbations [34].
Although our algorithm is consistent with the data, and unlike previous models [16] allows herding of large groups, it is not guaranteed to succeed when agents interact with less than half of the total group size. Under these conditions, the group of agents is likely to split into two or more stable subgroups. As our intention was to create a model that was not only applicable to the sheep–sheepdog scenario, but also to similar phenomena such as cleaning the environment, we augmented our basic shepherding algorithm with a mechanism to allow the shepherd to detect that the group has split and then bring each subgroup in sequentially. To do this, we employed the same shepherding algorithm on the LCM of nearby agents, rather than on the GCM (note that this might also be applicable to the sheepdog at large group sizes, because it would not be able to see the entire flock, but we do not have data on this). Merging of separated agents has been discussed in [8] but the approach of splitting the task into one for each subgroup is, as far as we know, new. However, at present this extended local shepherd algorithm is not always successful, rather it has a success rate of about 80% as a result of the shepherd getting stuck between collecting two subgroups of agents. In practice (e.g. with a herding dog or herding robot), an instruction could be given which could rectify this.
Our approach should support efficient designs for herding autonomous, interacting agents in a variety of contexts. Obvious cases are robot-assisted herding of livestock [20], and keeping animals away from sensitive areas [21], but applications range from control of flocking robots to cleaning up of environments and human crowd control. In the case of flocks of mobile robots, for example, engineers have designed virtual or explicit leaders to guide groups to target headings, or else assumed that a heading is sensed by the whole group [22]. A simpler alternative is to shepherd such groups, using the algorithm which we have described here. This would be particularly useful for guiding robots back to a base after completion of some task. In the case of cleaning up of environments, multi-robot systems have been proposed to help clean up marine oil spills, and specifically prevent spills from spreading wider [35]. It would be fascinating to explore how our algorithms performed in this task and in other scenarios where fluids or granular media need collecting/corralling. The algorithm may also be applied to situations where crowds of people have little information and there is a tendency to imitate the behaviour of each other. This is especially common where visibility is poor, and people need to escape from a smoky room [36]. In such situations, it may be possible to herd the movements of people to exits using a shepherd robot.
Finally, returning to biology, our results also inform our understanding of animal collective behaviour in the presence of threat [37]. It is tempting to envisage a similar set of rules to those we describe for our shepherd guiding the behaviour of predators attacking flocking prey. While the same ability to estimate space between prey might be important to understanding and building a mechanistic understanding of predator movement rules, these rules will not be the same as those used here. The goal of the shepherd (and our sheepdog example) is to keep the flock together and manoeuvre it as a single unit; a predator's goal is typically the opposite, namely to break up aggregations and isolate individuals as potential targets [38].
4. Model and methods
4.1. Model
Initially, N agents are randomly positioned in the upper right quarter of an L × L square and a shepherd released in the lower left quarter. The square is not enclosed so the agents and shepherd may leave it at a later time. Denote the position of the shepherd by and the position of the ith agent by . If an agent is further away than rs from the shepherd it grazes. That is, it is typically stationary, but exhibits small random movements. If the distance to the shepherd is shorter than rs, then each agent i will be repelled directly away from it in the direction of and at the same time will be attracted to the centre of mass of its n nearest neighbours in the direction of . Agents are also locally repelled from each other, so that if two or more agents are within a distance of ra of each other there will be a repulsive force acting to separate them. More precisely, if agent i has k neighbours within a distance of ra at positions , the repulsive force on i is defined by 4.1The heading agent i will take in the next time step is a linear combination of these forces (normalized) plus inertia and an error term (see figure 1), which can be described as follows: 4.2where the weights are chosen so that ρa > c > ρs > h. The reasons for this inequality are that agent-to-agent repulsion ρa must be dominating in order for any group size to be maintained and that in the real world sheep tend to aggregate rather than immediately disperse in the presence of a dog [6]. Therefore, we assume that local attraction between agents is stronger than repulsion from the shepherd c > ρs. Finally, the tendency to proceed in the previous direction h is included to prevent sharp turns and smoothen trajectories and should be subordinate to all interactions. The typical values for these parameters in simulations are ρa = 2, c = 1.05, ρs = 1 and h = 0.5. Agent i will then move a distance of δ in this direction and its new position is given by 4.3See table 1 for an overview of the parameters of the model.
The shepherd's task is to collect all agents into one flock and herd them to the lower left corner of the L × L square. When the centre of mass of the flock (GCM) is within a certain distance from the origin, the shepherding task is completed. While shepherding the shepherd decides on one of two possible moves, collect or herd, at each time step, which depends on whether all agents are within a distance of f(N) from the GCM (see figure 2). would require the flock to be perfectly circular and so to allow for asymmetry of the flock, we take f(N) = raN2/3. If all agents are not within f(N), the shepherd moves towards the point Pc to collect the agent furthest from the GCM at position Af. If the flock is cohesive, that is, all agents are within f(N), the shepherd positions itself at Pd to drive the flock. The shepherd attempts to go in a straight line towards these points but if it gets within 3ra of an agent, its speed δs is set to 0. 3ra was selected because of our observations of our sheepdog in the field, where the dog would rarely approach the flock at close range (since this causes the flock to fission). The shepherd experiences the same noise as the agents ; this noise is critical for resolving dead-lock situations. The shepherd will repeat this until the GCM is within a certain distance from the origin.
4.2. Local shepherd
The task of the local shepherd is to complete the original task of delivering all N agents down to the lower left corner by sequentially bringing in subgroups of a size it can handle. It starts by going to pick up the first subgroup, which it brings in. The shepherd repeats this process until all agents are brought in. We denote the number of agents that have not been brought in yet by Nt. The agents behave exactly like in the original model but the shepherd now employs the algorithm on the LCM of the min(Nt, ns) nearest agents within visual range (LCMt) instead of the GCM of all agents. The visual range of the shepherd is limited by the inclusion of a blind zone behind it relative to the detected LCMt specified by the angle β. The reason for including this blind zone was to overcome the problem of the shepherd being encircled by subgroups of agents and from then on unable to move. Electronic supplementary material, video 4, shows both successful and unsuccessful trials with a local shepherd using ns = 20 and N = 201 agents with n = 20 and the other parameters as listed in table 1 except L = 300, tmax = 40 000, ra = 3 and h = 0.3. The movie was constructed by recording every 100th frame of the simulations.
4.3. Sheep flock and herding dog
A flock of 46 female merino sheep (Ovis aries) aged 3 years and with a mean ± s.e.m. body weight of 52 ± 6 kg was used. Throughout the experiments, the sheep were housed in a 5 ha field and given ad libitum access to hay and water on all days. A trained female Australian Kelpie working farm dog was used to herd the sheep. All trials were undertaken in South Australia in March 2010. For each trial, the dog was directed verbally to herd the flock to the gate of the field, with minimal guidance (given the command 'bring them home'). One herding event was recorded per day.
4.4. Sheep and dog movement data
All sheep and the sheepdog were fitted with a 'data-logger' during all herding events. The loggers are an in-house design and comprise a GPS module capable of recording single frequency L1 raw range data at 10 Hz (uBlox LEA-4T GPS module), a GPS patch antenna, MSP430 microcontroller and a rechargeable 2200 mAh lithium polymer battery. The logger was set to record raw pseudo-range GPS data at 1 Hz, which were saved to a micro-SD card. These components were mounted and housed in a sealable plastic box and attached to a standard sheep harness (Rurtec, Hamilton, New Zealand), or dog harness purchased from a local store. The logger and harness had a total mass of 530 g (150 g data logger, 381 g harness), which was 1% of mean sheep body mass, and has been shown not significantly to alter key locomotion parameters of sheep within this managed population [6]. A Novatel FlexPak G2L/OEM4 GPS base station was also mounted with a clear sky view on top of a grain silo at the location (approx. 6 m above ground level) providing synchronized measurements that were used to improve accuracy in post-processing. GPS data for loggers and base station were post-processed in differential mode using Waypoint Graf-Nav v. 8.10 (www.novatel.com). This approach allows carrier phase ambiguity resolution/a fixed integer kinematic solution and an absolute positional accuracy of 10–20 cm. Much of the error in positional accuracy was consistent across loggers and Gaussian in nature. For further details on post-processing, see [6,31]. Data were then analysed using Matlab v. R2010.
Funding statement
Fieldwork, and research via a sub-contract to A.M.W. was funded by a grant from CHDI Inc. to A.J.M. A.J.K. was supported by a NERC Fellowship (NE/H016600/3). D.J.T.S. was supported by an ERC starting grant (IDCAB).
We thank the three reviewers for their helpful and insightful comments and remarks.
- Received July 3, 2014.
- Accepted August 1, 2014.
© 2014 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.


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The bill was assigned this past week to the House Elementary and Secondary Education Committee, but time is running short for it to pass before the session ends in mid-May.


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Research: The Benefits Of Monogamy
Personally I consider monogamy as the best form of a balanced mating system, because it causes the least suffering to women.
But research also indicates benefits of mongamy. This article compares monogamous with polygynous marriages.
But on a more subtle level, the promicuous jerks, who ruthlessly manipulate as many women as they can by hook or crook into being their prey, also cause not only pain to the used women, but also social ruptures similar to what has been described in the article. While in polygyinous society the less successful men do not find a wife, under a promiscuous social norm, the less successful men are also competing for scarce prey.
"In cultures that permit men to take multiple wives, the intra-sexual competition that occurs causes greater levels of crime, violence, poverty and gender inequality than in societies that institutionalize and practice monogamous marriage."
"Considered the most comprehensive study of polygamy and the institution of marriage, the study finds significantly higher levels rape, kidnapping, murder, assault, robbery and fraud in polygynous cultures. ...., these crimes are caused primarily by pools of unmarried men, which result when other men take multiple wives."
"The greater competition increases the likelihood men in polygamous communities will resort to criminal behavior to gain resources and women, he says."
"According to Henrich, monogamy's main cultural evolutionary advantage over polygyny is the more egalitarian distribution of women, which reduces male competition and social problems. By shifting male efforts from seeking wives to paternal investment, institutionalized monogamy increases long-term planning, economic productivity, savings and child investment, the study finds."
"Monogamous marriage also results in significant improvements in child welfare, including lower rates of child neglect, abuse, accidental death, homicide and intra-household conflict, the study finds."
Views: 2262
Yes, always on the same page. I'm pleased that when you think about sexual liberation/alternative lifestyles, you think of me. Probably just my Joseph P crush showing:)
Amen* to what you and Dr. Kellie have been writing! That's for the next page, male-dominant polygyny being the opposite of promiscuity among free, empowered people, as well as here.
* (in the original sense of "I agree!" "What they said!" No spooks needed.)
In my experience poly relationships can have various levels of commitment, including some or all partners sharing a household, finances, parenting, etc. Relationships can be open to outside lovers or closed (though I don't personally know any such "polyfidelitous" folks).
Going into a relationship knowing it's not exclusive, and, as you said, having everyone on the same page indeed does take care of all of those (semi-)rational arguments against responsible nonmonogamy (which Deborah Anapol riffed on as "responsible nonmonopoly" and "responsible nonmonotony" in cartoons in Polyamory: The New Love Without Limits).
I do not waste my time to discuss their cruel attitudes with men, who are too immature to understand the psychological importance of monogamy and of exclusive commitment. Promiscuity is emotional psychopathy. I am not bothered to discuss their cruelty with psychopaths.
I invite any person, who is willing to learn, how to treat women without hurting and harming, to read my blog: http://egalitarianrationalcommitmentparadigm.blogspot.com/
Anybody defending promiscuity, please do not annoy me any further, I feel so sorry for your victims.
And she obligingly demonstrates my point. Thank you.
She even put the bald assertion/ad hominem in bold, for easy reference. ^.^
Thanks, Joseph. Exactly.
Unfortunately, since we are men, we are too immature. Psychopaths, every one of us. We are not worthy to respond, and if we disagree, it is evidence of our extreme cruelty.
Its easy to get your feelings hurt, blame others, and rant about it. Bitter. Not very impressive. It takes a bigger person to look inward.
Thanks, Darrel.
(Now where's that upvote button...)
Wait a minute. Are you trying to say that something my pastor told me ..... might not be true? *shudder* Next, you'll try to tell me that I should support the evils of condom use, eh?
Where will your blasphemy end?
I particularly like the part where she tried to pass off a study that had nothing to do with the point that she was trying to make. It reminds me of this clip with Al Franken smacking down an anti-gay-marriage witness who completely misrepresented the findings of a study on marriage:
Maruli is doing the same thing, right here.
Maruli, my mom was a Methodist, who later converted to Catholicism, my dad's religion. I learned early that the Methodist church, here in the USA anyway, prohibited the use of alcohol by its members. By the time I learned that the Baptist church here prohibited dancing, I knew too that the Catholic church prohibited non-procreative sex.
Until I quit religion, I wondered why these and other religions had these other other prohibitions. I decided that their founders had probably had hurtful experiences with alcohol, dancing, or non-procreative sex, and to spare their followers similar hurts, they prohibited the causes.
About 15 years after I quit religion, I became active in politics. I met people who had various beliefs and enjoyed talking with others whose beliefs differed, often as if wanting to persuade those others to change their beliefs. I also met people who held so tightly to their beliefs that they refused to associate with people whose beliefs differed.
From people who held their beliefs the most tightly, I heard words like "If you're not my ally, you're my enemy."
Tom, the morals of not hurting and not harming are a conscious personal choice. This choice is completely independent of religion and of what happens to be allowed or forbidden. I judge people by their morals expressed by consideration and responsibility and by their maturity of knowing, what hurts and harms others, even when the wounds are invisible.
I did not start this thread for the purpose of provocation, but if this has the side effect of catching attention, then it maybe also catches the attention of one of the precious mature quality men, who are monogamous by their own innate emotional need and preference for bonding and exclusive commitment. Such men do exist, who share with me and who appreciate the morals of not hurting and not haming, of not using others and who are considerate and responsible and caring for women's emotional needs.
Such men are as precious as they are rare, but they do exist.
Any lonely quality man in my age group (I am 62) reading this is more than welcome to read my blog and to contact me.
Wait a minute. You didn't start this thread for provocation, yet you label anyone who chooses promiscuity over monogamy as a psychopath. You suck at communication.
Your preaching about monogamy approaches dogma.
And your article doesn't even demonstrate what you seem to think it does. It demonstrates that in fucked up cultures, such as most Islamic societies, in which rich men are allowed to monopolize the available pool of women, leaving a large percentage of the male population desperate and celibate (or at least not sexually active with the help of a partner) ... no shit that will lead to a fucked up culture.
That's not promiscuity. That's the opposite of promiscuity. It's the limiting of available sex from the monopolized side of the gender equation. Your argument is complete crap, from the start.
If you want a monogamous relationship, fine. Find a partner who wants a monogamous relationship. I'm just sick of hearing your dogmatic, self-righteous crap on the subject.
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