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Rev. Alban Butler
Lives of the Saints
Rev. Alban Butler
Volume IV: April.
The Lives of the Saints.
April 21
St. Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, Confessor
From his life, written by Eadmer his disciple, in two books; also the same authors history of Novelties, in six books, from the year 1066 to 1122; and a poem on the miracles of St. Anselm, probably by the same writer, published by Martenne, Ampliss. Collectio, t. 6, pp. 983, 987. The principal memorials relating to St. Anselm are collected in the Benedictin edition of his works; from which a short abstract is here given. See Gallia Christ. Nova. t. 11, p. 223. Ceillier, t. 21, p. 267.
the Norman conquerors stripped the English nation of its liberty, and many temporal advantages, it must be owned that by their valour they raised the reputation of its arms, and deprived their own country of its greatest men, both in church and state, with whom they adorned this kingdom: of which this great doctor, and his master Lanfranc, are instances. St. Anselm was born of noble parents, at Aoust, in Piedmont, about the year 1033. His pious mother took care to give him an early tincture of piety, and the impressions her instructions made upon him were as lasting as his life. At the age of fifteen, desirous of serving God in the monastic state, he petitioned an abbot to admit him into his house; but was refused out of apprehension of his fathers displeasure. Neglecting, during the course of his studies to cultivate the divine seed in his heart, he lost this inclination, and, his mother being dead, he fell into tepidity; and, without being sensible of the fatal tendency of vanity and pleasure, began to walk in the broad way of the world: so dangerous a thing is it to neglect the inspirations of grace! The saint, in his genuine meditations, expresses the deepest sentiments of compunction for these disorders, which his perfect spirit of penance exceedingly exaggerated to him, and which, like another David, he never ceased most bitterly to bewail to the end of his days. The ill usage he met with from his father, induced him, after his mothers death, to leave his own country, where he had made a successful beginning in his studies: and, after a diligent application to them for three years in Burgundy (then a distinct government), and in France, invited by the great fame of Lanfranc, prior of Bec in Normandy, under the abbot Herluin, he went thither and became his scholar.
On his fathers death, Anselm advised with him about the state of life he was to embrace; as whether he should live upon his estate to employ its produce in alms, or should renounce it at once and embrace a monastic and eremitical life. Lanfranc, feeling an overbearing affection for so promising a disciple, durst not advise him in his vocation, fearing the bias of his own inclination; but he sent him to Maurillus, the holy archbishop of Rouen. By him Anselm, after he had laid open to him his interior, was determined to enter the monastic state at Bec, and accordingly became a member of that house, at the age of twenty-seven, in 1060, under the abbot Herluin. Three years after, Lanfranc was made abbot of St. Stephens, at Caen, and Anselm prior of Bec.
At this promotion several of the monks murmured on account of his youth; but, by patience and sweetness, he won the affections of them all, and by little condescensions at first so worked upon an irregular young monk, called Osbern, as to perfect his conversion, and make him one of the most fervent. He had indeed so great a knowledge of the hearts and passions of men, that he seemed to read their interior in their actions; by which he discovered the sources of virtues and vices, and knew how to adapt to each proper advice and instructions; which were rendered most powerful, by the mildness and charity with which he applied them. And in regard to the management and tutoring of youth, he looked upon excessive severity as highly pernicious. Eadmer has recorded a conversation he had on this subject with a neighbouring abbot,
who, by a conformity to our saints practice and advice in this regard, experienced that success in his labours which he had till then aspired to in vain, by harshness and severity.
St. Anselm applied himself diligently to the study of every part of theology, by the clear light of scripture and tradition. Whilst he was prior at Bec, he wrote his Monologium, so called, because in this work he speaks alone, explaining the metaphysical proofs of the existence and nature of God. Also his Proslogium, or contemplation of Gods attributes, in which he addresses his discourse to God, or himself. The Meditations, commonly called the Manual of St. Austin, are chiefly extracted out of this book. It was censured by a neighbouring monk, which occasioned the saints Apology. These, and other the like works, show the author to have excelled in metaphysics all the doctors of the church since St. Austin. He likewise wrote, whilst prior, On Truth, On Freewill, and On the Fall of the Devil, or On the Origin of Evil: also his Grammarian, which is, in reality, a treatise on Dialectic, or the art of reasoning.
Anselms reputation drew to Bec great numbers from all the neighbouring kingdoms. Herluin dying in 1078, he was chosen abbot of Bec, being forty-five years old, of which he had been prior fifteen. The abbey of Bec being possessed at that time of some lands in England, this obliged the abbot to make his appearance there in person, at certain times. This occasioned our saints first journeys thither, which his tender regard for his old friend Lanfranc, at that time archbishop of Canterbury, made the more agreeable. He was received with great honour and esteem by all ranks of people, both in church and state; and there was no one who did not think it a real misfortune, if he had not been able to serve him in something or other. King William himself, whose title of Conqueror rendered him haughty and inaccessible to his subjects, was so affable to the good abbot of Bec, that he seemed to be another man in his presence. The saint, on his side, was all to all, by courtesy and charity, that he might find occasions of giving every one some suitable instructions to promote their salvation; which were so much the more effectual, as he communicated them, not as some do with the dictatorial air of a master, but in a simple familiar manner, or by indirect, though sensible examples. In the year 1092, Hugh, the great earl of Chester, by three pressing messages, entreated Anselm to come again into England, to assist him, then dangerously sick, and to give his advice about the foundation of a monastery, which that nobleman had undertaken at St. Wereburges church at Chester. A report that he would be made archbishop of Canterbury, in the room of Lanfranc, deceased, made him stand off for some time; but he could not forsake his old friend in his distress, and at last came over. He found him recovered, but the affairs of his own abbey, and of that which the earl was erecting, detained him five months in England. The metropolitan see of Canterbury had been vacant ever since the death of Lanfranc, in 1089. The sacrilegious and tyrannical king, William Rufus, who succeeded his father in 1087, by an injustice unknown till his time, usurped the revenues of vacant benefices, and deferred his permission, or Congé délire, in order to the filling the episcopal sees, that he might the longer enjoy their income. Having thus seized into his hands the revenues of the archbishopric, he reduced the monks of Canterbury to a scanty allowance: oppressing them moreover by his officers with continual insults, threats, and vexations. He had been much solicited, by the most virtuous among the nobility, to supply the see of Canterbury, in particular, with a person proper for that station; but continued deaf to all their remonstrances, and answered them at Christmas, 1093, that neither Anselm nor any other should have that bishopric whilst he lived; and this he swore to by the holy face of Lucca, meaning a great crucifix in the cathedral of that city, held in singular veneration, his usual oath. He was seized soon after with a violent fit of sickness, which in a few days brought him to extremity. He was then at Gloucester, and seeing himself in this condition, signed a proclamation, which was published, to release all those who had been taken prisoners in the field, to discharge all debts owing to the crown, and to grant a general pardon: promising likewise to govern according to law, and to punish the instruments of injustice with exemplary severity. He moreover nominated Anselm to the see of Canterbury, at which all were extremely satisfied but the good abbot himself, who made all the decent opposition imaginable; alleging his age, his want of health and vigour enough for so weighty a charge, his unfitness for the management of public and secular affairs, which he had always declined to the best of his power. The king was extremely concerned at his opposition, and asked him why he endeavoured to ruin him in the other world, being convinced that he should lose his soul in case he died before the archbishopric was filled. The king was seconded by the bishops and others present, who not only told him they were scandalized at his refusal, but added, that, if he persisted in it, all the grievances of the church and nation would be placed to his account. Thereupon they forced a pastoral staff into his hands, in the kings presence, carried him into the church, and sung Te Deum on the occasion. This was on the 6th of March, 1093. He still declined the charge, till the king had promised him the restitution of all the lands that were in the possession of that see in Lanfrancs time. Anselm also insisted that he should acknowledge Urban II. for lawful pope. Things being thus adjusted, Anselm was consecrated with great solemnity on the 4th of December, in 1093.
Anselm had not been long in possession of the see of Canterbury, when the king, intending to wrest the duchy of Normandy out of the hands of his brother Robert, made large demands on his subjects for supplies. On this occasion, not content with the five hundred pounds (a very large sum in those days) offered him by the archbishop, the king insisted, at the instigation of some of his courtiers, on a thousand, for his nomination to the archbishopric, which Anselm constantly refused to pay: pressing him also to fill vacant abbeys, and to consent that the bishops should hold councils as formerly, and be allowed by canons to repress crimes and abuses, which were multiplied, and passed into custom, for want of such a remedy, especially incestuous marriages and other abominable debaucheries. The king was extremely provoked, and declared no one should extort from him his abbeys any more than his crown.
And from that day he sought to deprive Anselm of his see. William, bishop of Durham, and the other prelates, acquiesced readily in the kings orders, by which he forbade them to obey him as their primate, or treat him as archbishop, alleging for reason that he obeyed Pope Urban, during the schism, whom the English nation had not acknowledged. The king, having brought over most of the bishops to his measures, applied to the temporal nobility, and bid them disclaim the archbishop: but they resolutely answered, that since he was their archbishop, and had a right to superintend the affairs of religion, it was not in their power to disengage themselves from his authority, especially as there was no crime or misdemeanour proved against him. King William then, by his ambassador, acknowledged Urban for true pope, and promised him a yearly pension from England, if he would depose Anselm; but the legate, whom his holiness sent, told the king that it was what could not be done. St. Anselm wrote to the pope to thank him for the pall he had sent him by that legate, complaining of the affliction in which he lived under a burden too heavy for him to bear, and regretting the tranquillity of his solitude which he had lost.
Finding the king always seeking occasions to oppress his church, unless he fed him with its treasures, which he regarded as the patrimony of the poor (though he readily furnished his contingent in money and troops to his expeditions and to all public burdens), the holy prelate earnestly desired to leave England, that he might apply, in person, to the pope for his counsel and assistance. The king refused him twice: and, on his applying to him a third time, he assured the saint that, if he left that kingdom, he would seize upon the whole revenue of the see of Canterbury, and that he should never more be acknowledged metropolitan. But the saint, being persuaded he could not in conscience abide any longer in the realm, to be a witness of the oppression of the Church, and not have it in his power to remedy it, set out from Canterbury, in October, 1097, in the habit of a pilgrim; took shipping at Dover, and landed at Witsan, having with him two monks, Eadmer, who wrote his life, and Baldwin. He made some stay at Cluni with St. Hugh, the abbot, and at Lyons with the good Archbishop Hugh. It not being safe travelling any further towards Rome at that time, on account of the anti-popes party lying in the way; and Anselm falling sick soon after, this made it necessary for him to stay longer at Lyons than he had designed. However, he left that city the March following, in 1098, on the popes invitation, and was honourably received by him. His holiness, having heard his cause, assured him of his protection, and wrote to the King of England for his re-establishment in his rights and possessions. Anselm also wrote to the king at the same time; and, after ten days stay in the popes palace, retired to the monastery of St. Saviour in Calabria, the air of Rome not agreeing with his health. Here he finished his work entitled, Why God was made Man; in two books, showing, against infidels, the wisdom, justice, and expediency of the mystery of the incarnation for mans redemption. He had begun this work in England, where he also wrote his book On the Faith of the Trinity and Incarnation, dedicated to Pope Urban II., in which he refuted Roscelin, the master, Peter Abailard, who maintained an erroneous opinion in regard to the Trinity. Anselm, charmed with the sweets of his retirement, and despairing of doing any good at Canterbury, hearing by new instances that the king was still governed by his passions, in open defiance to justice and religion, earnestly entreated the pope, whom he met at Aversa, to discharge him of his bishopric; believing he might be more serviceable to the world in a private station. The pope would by no means consent, but charged him upon his obedience not to quit his station: adding, that it was not the part of a man of piety and courage to be frightened from his post purely by the dint of browbeating and threats, that being all the harm he had hitherto received. Anselm replied, that he was not afraid of suffering, or even losing his life in the cause of God; but that he saw there was nothing to be done in a country where justice was so overruled as it then was in England. However, Anselm submitted, and in the meantime returned to his retirement, which was a cell called Slavia, situated on a mountain, depending on the monastery of St. Saviour. That he might live in the merit of obedience, he prevailed with the pope to appoint the monk Eadmer, his inseparable companion, to be his superior, nor did he do the least thing without his leave.
The pope having called a council, which was to meet at Bari, in October, 1098, in order to effect a reconciliation of the Greeks with the Catholic church, ordered the saint to be present at it. It consisted of one hundred and twenty-three bishops. The Greeks having proposed the question about the procession of the Holy Ghost, whether this was from the Father only, or from the Father and the Son; the disputation being protracted, the pope called aloud for Anselm, saying: Anselm, our father and our master, where are you? And causing him to sit next to him, told him that the present occasion required his learning and elocution to defend the church against her enemies, and that he thought God had brought him thither for that purpose. Anselm spoke to the point with so much learning, judgment, and penetration, that he silenced the Greeks, and gave such a general satisfaction, that all present joined in pronouncing Anathema against those who should afterwards deny the procession of the Holy Ghost from both the Father and the Son. This affair being at an end, the proceedings of the King of England fell next under debate. And on this occasion his simony, his oppressions of the church, his persecution of Anselm, and his incorrigibleness, after frequent admonitions, were so strongly represented, that the pope, at the instance of the council, was just going to pronounce him excommunicated. Anselm had hitherto sat silent, but at this he rose up, and casting himself on his knees before the pope, entreated him to stop the censure. And now the council, who had admired our saint for his parts and learning, were further charmed with him on account of his humane and Christian dispositions, in behalf of one that had used him so roughly. The saints petition in behalf of his sovereign was granted; and, on the council breaking up, the pope and Anselm returned to Rome. The pope, however, sent to the king a threat of excommunication, to be issued in a council to be shortly after held at Rome, unless he made satisfaction; but the king, by his ambassador, obtained a long delay. Anselm staid some time at Rome with the pope, who always placed him next in rank to himself. All persons, even the schismatics, loved and honoured him; and he assisted with distinction at the council of Rome, held after Easter, in 1099. Immediately after the Roman council he returned to Lyons, where he was entertained by the Archbishop Hugh, with all the cordiality and regard imaginable; but saw no hopes of recovering his see so long as King William lived. Here he wrote his book, On the Conception of the Virgin, and On Original Sin, resolving many questions relating to that sin. The Archbishop of Lyons gave him in all functions the precedence, and all thought themselves happy who could receive any sacrament from his hands. Upon the death of Urban II. he wrote an account of his case to his successor, Paschal II. King William Rufus being snatched away by sudden death, without the sacraments, on the 2nd of August, 1100, St. Anselm, who was then in the abbey of Chaize-Dieu, in Auvergne, lamented bitterly his unhappy end, and made haste to England, whither he was invited by King Henry I. He landed at Dover on the 23d of September, and was received with great joy and extraordinary respect. And having in a few days recovered the fatigue of his journey, went to wait on the king, who received him very graciously. But this harmony was of no long continuance. The new king required of Anselm to be reinvested by him, and do the customary homage of his predecessors for his see; but the saint absolutely refused to comply, and made a report of the proceedings of the late synod at Rome, in which the laity that gave investitures for abbeys or cathedrals were excommunicated; and those who received such investitures were put under the same censure. But this not satisfying the king, it was agreed between them to consult the pope upon the subject. The court, in the meantime, was very much alarmed at the preparations making by the kings elder brother, Robert, duke of Normandy; who, being returned from the holy war in Palestine, claimed the crown of England, and threatened to invade the land. The nobles, though they had sworn allegiance to Henry, were ready enough to join him; and, on his landing with a formidable army at Portsmouth, several declared for the duke. The king being in great danger of losing his crown, was very liberal in promises to Anselm on this occasion; assuring him that he would henceforward leave the business of religion wholly to him, and be always governed by the advice and orders of the apostolic see. Anselm omitted nothing on his side to prevent a revolt from the king. Not content with sending his quota of armed men, he strongly represented to the disaffected nobles the heinousness of their crime of perjury, and that they ought rather lose their lives than break through their oaths, and fail in their sworn allegiance to their prince. He also published an excommunication against Robert, as an invader, who thereupon came to an accommodation with Henry, and left England. And thus, as Eadmer relates, the archbishop, strengthening the kings party, kept the crown upon his head. Amidst his troubles and public distractions, he retired often in the day to his devotions, and watched long in them in the night. At his meals, and at all times, he conversed interiorly with heaven. One day, as he was riding to his manor of Herse, a hare, pursued by the dogs, ran under his horse for refuge: at which the saint stopped, and the hounds stood at bay. The hunters laughed, but the saint said, weeping, This hare puts me in mind of a poor sinner just upon the point of departing this life, surrounded with devils, waiting to carry away their prey. The hare going off, he forbade her to be pursued, and was obeyed, not a hound stirring after her. In like manner, every object served to raise his mind to God, with whom he always conversed in his heart, and, in the midst of noise and tumult, he enjoyed the tranquillity of holy contemplation; so strongly was his soul sequestered from, and raised above the world.
King Henry, though so much indebted to Anselm, still persisted in his claim of the right of giving the investitures of benefices. Anselm, in 1102, held a national council in St. Peters church at Westminster, in which, among other things, it was forbidden to sell men like cattle, which had till then been practised in England; and many canons relating to discipline were drawn up. He persisted to refuse to ordain bishops, named by the king, without a canonical election. The contest became every day more serious. At last, the king and nobles persuaded Anselm to go in person, and consult the pope about the matter: the king also sent a deputy to his holiness. The saint embarked on the 27th of April, in 1103. Pope Paschal II. condemned the kings pretensions to the investitures, and excommunicated those who should receive church dignities from him. St. Anselm being advanced, on his return to England, as far as Lyons, received there an intimation of an order from King Henry, forbidding him to proceed on his journey home, unless he would conform to his will. He therefore remained at Lyons, where he was much honoured by his old friend the Archbishop Hugh.From thence he retired to his abbey of Bec, where he received from the pope a commission to judge the cause of the archbishop of Rouen, accused of several crimes. He was also allowed to receive into communion such as had accepted investitures from the crown, which, though still disallowed of, the bishops and abbots were so far dispensed with as to do homage for their temporalities. The king was so pleased with this condescension of the pope, that he sent immediately to Bec, to invite St. Anselm home in the most obliging manner, but a grievous sickness detained him. The king coming over into Normandy in 1106, articles of agreement were drawn up between him and the archbishop, at Bec, pursuant to the letter St. Anselm had received from Rome a few months before: and the pope very readily confirmed the agreement. In this expedition, Henry defeated his brother Robert, and sent him prisoner into England, where he died. St. Anselm hereupon returned to England, in 1106, and was received by the Queen Maud, who came to meet him, and by the whole kingdom of England, as it were in triumph.
The last years of his life, his health was entirely broken.Having for six months laboured under an hectic decay, with an entire loss of appetite, under which disorder he would be carried every day to assist at holy mass: he happily expired, laid on sackcloth and ashes, at Canterbury, on the 21st of April, 1109, in the sixteenth year of his episcopal dignity, and of his age the seventy-sixth. He was buried in his cathedral. By a decree of Clement XI., in 1720,
he is honoured among the doctors of the church. We have authentic accounts of many miracles wrought by this saint in the histories of Eadmer and others.
St. Anselm had a most lively faith of all the mysteries and great truths of our holy religion; and by the purity of his heart, and an interior divine light, he discovered great secrets in the holy scriptures, and had a wonderful talent in explaining difficulties which occur in them. His hope for heavenly things gave him a wonderful contempt and disgust of the vanities of the world, and he could truly say with the apostle, he was crucified to the world, and all its desires. By an habitual mortification of his appetite in eating and drinking, he seemed to have lost all relish in the nourishment which he took. His fortitude was such, that no human respects, or other considerations, could ever turn him out of the way of justice and truth; and his charity for his neighbour seemed confined by no bounds: his words, his writings, his whole life breathed forth his heavenly fire. He seemed to live, says his faithful disciple and historian, not for himself, but for others; or rather so much the more for himself by how much the more profitable his life was to his neighbours, and faithful to his God. The divine love and law were the continual subjects of his meditations day and night. He had a singular devotion to the passion of our Lord, and to his Virgin mother. Her image at Bec, before which, at her altar, he daily made long prayers whilst he lived in that monastery, is religiously kept in the new sumptuous church. His horror of the least sin is not to be expressed. In his Proslogium, meditations, and other ascetic works, the most heroic and inflamed sentiments of all these virtues, especially of compunction, fear of the divine judgments, and charity, are expressed in that language of the heart which is peculiar to the saints.
Note 1.
The venerable abbot Herluin, after having commanded in the armies with great valour and reputation, renounced the world, founded this abbey upon his own manor of Bec, about the year 1040, and was chosen the first abbot. Mabillon has given us his edifying life, but could not find sufficient proof that he was ever honoured in the church as a saint. In the calendar of Bec his festival is marked a double of the first class on the 26th of August: but the mass is sung in honour of the Blessed Trinity. Among the MSS. of this house are two lives of this their founder. To one of them is annexed a MS. modern dissertation, in which the anonymous author pretends to prove that Herluin was honoured among the saints, and that a chapel in that monastery, which is now destroyed, was dedicated to God under his invocation. See the lives of Herluin in the library of MSS. at Bec, n. 128 and 140. Also Chronicon Becense, n. 141. [
Note 2.
Lanfranc was born at Pavia, in Lombardy, of a noble family, about the year 1005; studied eloquence and the laws at Bologna, and was professor of laws in his native city. This charge he resigned in order to travel into Normandy, where he made his monastic profession at Bec, under Herluin, the first abbot, about the year 1042, Henry I. being king of France, and William the Bastard, duke of Normandy. Three years after he was made prior, and commenced a great school in that monastery, which, by his extraordinary reputation, soon became the most famous at that time in Europe. Berengarius, professor at Tours, and archdeacon of Angers, made great complaints against him, because several had left his school to go to Bec. When that unhappy professor broached his errors concerning the Blessed Eucharist, Lanfranc invited him often to a conference, which Berengarius declined. He assisted at the council of Rheims, in 1049, held by St. Leo IX., and attended that pope to Rome, and was present at the council there in which Berengarius was excommunicated, and at that of Vercelli. Duke William married his cousin Maud, daughter to Baldwin, count of Flanders, without a dispensation; but Nicholas II. afterwards granted one at the solicitation of Lanfranc, whom the duke sent to Rome on that errand. In that city he attended the council in which Berengarius solemnly abjured his errors. After his relapse, he wrote against him (whether at Bec or at Caen is uncertain) his excellent book On the Body of our Lord. The conditions which the pope required, in compensation for the dispensation for the dukes marriage, was, that he and the duchess should each found a monastery, the one for monks and the other for nuns. This they executed, in the most magnificent manner, in the abbeys of St. Stephen and of Holy Trinity, at Caen, in 1059. The buildings being finished in 1063, Lanfranc was appointed first abbot of the former, whither Pope Alexander II., who had been his scholar at Bec, sent some of his relations to study in the great school which he opened in this new abbey. Lanfranc had obstinately refused the archbishopric of Rouen in 1067, but was compelled, by the orders of two councils and abbot Herluin, to accept that of Canterbury in 1070. The pope appointed him legate in England, and the archbishop reformed the clergy, the monasteries, and the laity, and restored the studies both of the sacred sciences, eloquence, and grammar. He is allowed by all to have been the ablest dialectician, and the most eloquent Latin writer of his age; nor was he less famous for his skill in the scriptures, fathers, and canon law. King William, as often as he went into Normandy, charged him with the chief care of the government in England, and by that princes last disposition, and his express order before his death, Lanfranc crowned his younger son, William Rufus, on the 29th of September, 1087. He survived two years, his death happening on the 28th of May, 1089, in the nineteenth year of his archiepiscopal dignity. He was buried in Christ-Church, at Canterbury.
His genuine commentary on St. Pauls epistles, Mabillon was possessed of, and promised to publish, but was prevented by death; that given by DAchery upon this subject is certainly not his. His statutes for the Benedictin order in England, published by Dom. Reyner, the first abbot of Lumbspring; his notes upon Cassians conferences, with his treatise against Berengarius, and sixty letters, make up the most correct edition of his works given by Luke DAchery, with useful notes, in one volume, in folio, in 1648, and the last edition of the Bibliotheca Patrum. To these we may add his discourse in the council of Winchester, in 1076. Also his Sentences, an excellent ascetic work for the use of monks, discovered by Dom. Luke DAchery twelve years after the publication of his works, and published by him in the fourth tome of his Spicilege, and inserted t. 18, Biblioth. Patr. p. 83. The treatise On the Secret of Confession, by some attributed to Lanfranc, seems not to be his genuine work. His Comments on the Psalms, his History of William the Conqueror, or rather panegyric, and some other works, quoted by several writers under his name, seem lost. We have his life written by Milo Crespin, a monk of Bec, his contemporary in the chronicle of Bec, and Eadmers Hist. Novorum, &c. Other monuments relating to his history, are collected by Luke DAchery and Mabillon. Capgrave and Trithemius honour him with the title of saint on the 28th of May, on which day his life is given in Britannia Sancta. But it is certain that no marks of such an honour have ever been allowed to his memory, either at Canterbury, Caen, or Bec, nor, as it seems, in any other church: and William Thorns chronicle is a proof that all had not an equal idea of his extraordinary sanctity. His memory is justly vindicated against some moderns, by Wharton, in his Anglia Sacra. On Lanfranc, see Ceillier, t. 21, p. 1; Hist. Liter. de la France, t. 10, p. 260. [
Note 3.
Note 4.
He did not think himself a complete monarch, as Eadmer says, unless he melted the mitre into the crown, and engrossed the possession of all jurisdiction, both spiritual and temporal, p. 28. [
Note 5.
B. 3. ep. 37. [
Note 6.
His exterior occupations did not hinder him from continuing to employ his pen in defence of the church. Towards the end of his life, he wrote a book on the Will, showing its different acceptations: also his learned treatise on the Concord of Divine Foreknowledge, Predestination, and Grace with Free-will; and a tract on Azymes, against the Greeks: another on the difference of the Sacraments, viz. in the Latin and Greek ceremonies; and a work on the prohibited Marriages of Relations. His epistles are divided into four books: the first contains those which he wrote before he was abbot: the second those whilst he was abbot: the third and fourth those he wrote whilst archbishop. The Elucidarium on theology is unworthy his name, though it has sometimes passed under it by mistake: as have the discourse on the Conception of the Blessed Virgin: and the Commentaries on St. Pauls Epistles, by Hervæus, a Benedictin monk, prior of Bourg-Dieu, in Berry, in 1140. (See DAchery, Spicileg. t. 3, p. 461). The poem on the Contempt of the World, is the work of Roger of Caen, monk at Bec, whilst St. Anselm was prior, as Mabillon shows. (Annal. l. 65, n. 41, p. 134, and Ceillier, t. 21, p. 305.) The treatise on the Excellence of the Blessed Virgin was written by Eadmer, the disciple of our saint, who died prior at Canterbury, in 1137. St. Anselm, in his dogmatical writings, sticks close to the fathers, especially to St. Austin. He gathers the doctrine of the points he treats of into a regular system, in a clear method, and a chain of close reasoning: the method which St. John Damascen had followed among the Greeks, in his books on the Orthodox Faith, and which, among the Latins, Peter Lombard, bishop of Paris, (from his Abridgment of Divinity, which was called his four books of Sentences, surnamed the Master of the Sentences,) and all the schoolmen have followed ever since. Whence St. Anselm is regarded as the first of the scholastic theologians, as St. Bernard closes the list of the fathers of the church. Dom. Gerberon published an abridgment of St. Anselms doctrine, entitled S. Anselmus per se docens, in 12mo. An. 1692. Dom. Joseph Saens (Cardinal dAguirre) gave commentaries on St. Anselms dogmatical works, under the title of Theologia S. Anselmi, printed in three volumes in folio, at Salamanca, in 1679, and with corrections and additions at Rome, in 1688. He intended a fourth volume on the Saints Prayers and Meditations; which he never executed. This work was dedicated to Pope Innocent XI. At the request of several Benedictin monasteries in Italy, that pope in a brief, addressed to the Anselmist Benedictin monks at Rome, orders that no professor in their schools ever depart from the theological principles laid down by St. Anselm, which these theologians join with those of St. Austin and St. Thomas Aquinas, to which they are always conformable.
Only public occasions engaged St. Anselm in this literary career for the defence of the church. It was rather his delight to be employed in the interior exercises of devotion, being himself one of the most eminent masters in the contemplative way; of which spirit his ascetic works will be an eternal monument. They consist of exhortations, prayers, hymns, and meditations, to be best read in the new edition of his works by the Benedictins. They are written with a moving unction, and express a most tender devotion, especially to the cross and passion of Christ, to the holy sacrament of the altar, and to the Blessed Virgin; and an ardent love of God, and of our divine Redeemer. Eadmer, his disciple and constant companion, who has given us his life in two books, and a separate book of New Transactions (chiefly containing the saints public actions and troubles) has also left us the book of his Similitudes, collected from his maxims and sentences. He informs us that the saint used to say, that if he saw hell open and sin before him, he would leap into the former, to avoid the latter. Such indeed are to be the dispositions of every good Christian: but only an extraordinary impulse of fervour like this saints, can make such metaphysical suppositions seasonable. The same author relates a vision seen by the saint, representing the world like a ftid torrent, the persons drowned in which, seemed carried down by its impetuous stream. The last edition of St. Anselms works was given by Gerberon, the Maurist monk, in 1675, reprinted in 1721. [
Note 7.
Bullar. Rom. t. 1, p. 441, and Clemens XI. Op. t. 2, p. 1215. [
· [
Top 150
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World Lit


text:
Leonardo DiCaprio & Bar Refaeli: Lakers Lovers!
Leonardo DiCaprio and Bar Refaeli kick back and relax as they watch the Los Angeles Lakers defeat the Orlando Magic by the final score of 98-92 at Staples Center in downtown Los Angeles on Monday (January 18).
Leo, 35, and Bar, 24, were last seen together enjoying some vacation time down in Mexico on New Year's Day.
Looks like pretty pair continue to rekindle their romance after being apart for a few months!
More pictures inside of Leonardo DiCaprio & Bar Refaeli, Lakers lovers…

subset: commoncrawl


text:
When it is the hottest day of the year. Your airconditioner is not working, has broken down, is leaking, is not cooling, or is making a bad smell or a banging noise – whatever the case, you have completely lost your cool… so it is time to request air con repairs.
Because it is an electrical appliance – particularly one that involves water and which contains some very environmentally dangerous chemicals – you should never try to open up or fix a faulty air conditioner yourself. In most cases, the best solution is to call a licensed technician to repair or replace it for you. In Snowman, we are a team of well trained and licensed technicians who can carry out with full client consultation. We understand the inconvenience of having a broken down air conditioner. Our Air Con Repairs service will have a technician on site as fast as possible to get your system up and running again. At the mean time, in some situations there are some steps you can take for yourself.
Air Con Repairs Request Form
– The air conditioner is not blowing cold air
If you are having problems with the temperature of air coming out of your refrigerative air conditioner, or if is behaving erratically, there are a number of things that could be wrong. Ice may have formed inside the unit – which is addressed below. To check whether this is the case, you can switch off your air conditioner and lift the cover to check whether any ice is visible on or behind the filter. If so, follow the steps listed below.
Another common cause is the thermostat sensor. Occasionally a thermostat sensor, which measures the temperature of the air the unit is blowing, is knocked and moves out of position. While the solution is relatively simple, it requires a licensed technician to diagnose and fix it (as do most other issues of this nature). For safety's sake, you should switch off your air conditioner and call a licensed technician.
– The air conditioner has ice forming inside the unit
Sometimes when an air conditioner stops working or is noticeably struggling, it is simply an issue of maintenance. If you don't clean the air conditioner's filter, the dust and dirt it collects creates a blockage, which stops the unit from 'breathing'. The result of this is the formation of ice inside the air conditioner.
This is one issue that you can usually fix without needing to call a licensed technician. First, switch off the unit for a few hours to let the ice melt completely. Depending on your air conditioner, you may want to move furniture from underneath it and put a towel or bucket down to collect any water that melts off.
Once the ice has fully melted, remove and clean the filter. Dry and replace the filter, and in most cases this will have fixed the problem. If your air conditioner keeps freezing over, you should contact a licensed technician.
– The air conditioner is not working at all
If an air conditioner won't turn on, the first thing to do is to check the batteries in your remote control. It might sound stupid, but it's surprising how many otherwise very intelligent people don't think to check this!
The second thing to do is to check to make sure you haven't blown a fuse or tripped a circuit breaker or safety switch. Look on the main electrical junction box for your home, and if the circuit breaker or safety switch has tripped, switch it back on again and see if your air conditioner works again. If not, the problem is probably a little more serious, and you should call a licensed air conditioning technician. Ideally you should isolate the air conditioner at the main circuit breaker or safety switch until the technician arrives.
If turning your circuit breaker or safety switch back on works but the unit trips again shortly thereafter, the problem might be in your home's wiring. If you have any other appliances running at the same time (particularly ovens, washing machines or other powerful appliances) you can also try turning these off to see if it makes a difference. If it does, you may need to hire an electrician to check or update the wiring in your home.
To pre-empt any potential burn-outs, you should maintain your air conditioner as laid out in the owner's manual. Likewise, avoid turning the air conditioner on and off any more than necessary to avoid sending it to a premature grave.
– The air conditioner is leaking refrigerant
If you find a refrigerant leak, the temptation is there to simply put more in. Unfortunately all that will do is to cost you a lot of money on refrigerant, and is likely to be dangerous. To fix this, you will need to contact a qualified and licensed technician who can come out and repair and test the system to make sure that it is working at its full potential. If possible, isolate the air conditioner by switching it off at the circuit breaker or safety switch until a repair technician arrives.
Leaking refrigerant must be handled with extreme care because of the potential danger it poses to the environment. If it leaks into the atmosphere, a single kilogram of R410a (the most commonly used refrigerant in air conditioners) will cause as much damage as running your car for six months!
– The air conditioner is emitting a bad odour
Bad smells in air conditioners may be caused by a number of things, including:
- mould, mildew or fungi growth as a result of a blocked up drainage pipe
- smells outside that are brought in through the air conditioner
- small dead animals in or around the airconditioner.
The first of these problems is easily the most common – and is an indication that you need to get your air conditioner serviced as soon as possible. A blocked drain pipe can cause water to build up in your air conditioner unit, which will cause far more damage if it's not taken care of in time. Regularly cleaning and servicing your air conditioner will help you to prevent this.
If you suspect that the smell might be from a dead animal (like a mouse, possum, lizard, cat or bird), you can first check outside to see if you can identify the gruesome source. If you suspect it might be coming from inside the air conditioner unit (or inside one of your walls), you will need to call a licensed technician to help.
Some smells, particularly those drawn in from outside the house or those that have been 'lurking' in your air conditioner while it's been turned off, may eventually be blown out of the system. If you suspect this is the case you can try leaving your air conditioner on for five minutes with the fan on full – or try again once the neighbours have finished cooking whatever it is they're trying to cook.
– The air conditioner is making a loud banging noise
Occasionally, air conditioners will start to make loud (sometimes deafening) banging or wailing noises. If this happens, most of the time it is the result of a dislodged fan belt. This fix is not difficult, but because this is high powered electrical equipment, you will need a licensed professional to fix it. You should not switch on the air conditioner until it's been fixed – doing so could cause far more damage.
While the technician is fixing this, it is a good idea to get them to check the bearings of the motor as well – they may need to be replaced.


text:
Google is very positive about Android for this year. "Overall, it looks like Android is going to have a very, very strong year," Schmidt said during the earnings call, "We are already aware of many, many uses of Android, which as you know is open source, where literally the devices we hear about near the announcements, so the open source part of the strategy is working."
The netbook side of Android is mostly taking part outside of Google. "On the netbook side, there are a number of people who have actually taken Android and ported it over to netbook or netbook-similar devices," he said, "So we think that's another one of the great benefits of the open source model that we've used. We're excited that that investment is occurring."
Schmidt added that more announcements regarding Android and hardware are forthcoming.


text:
Hi Mates,
I am extremely new to java. I just started learning the basics. I am stuck with the following piece of code. Could someone please tell me where I went wrong?
Code goes here!!!!!
package trialdate;
public class TrialDate {
private int month;
private int year;
TrialDate hiredate;
public TrialDate(){
System.out.println("Here goes nothing!!!!!");
public TrialDate(int month, int year){
hiredate.month = month;
hiredate.year = year;
System.out.println("The month and year is " + hiredate.month+" "+ hiredate.year);
public void myTrial(){
hiredate = new TrialDate(12, 2008);
public static void main(String[] args) {
TrialDate newDate = new TrialDate();
I just want to learn the concept pass by reference
The out put of the program is
Here goes nothing!!!!!
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
at trialdate.TrialDate.<init>(TrialDate.java:19)
at trialdate.TrialDate.myTrial(TrialDate.java:25)
at trialdate.TrialDate.main(TrialDate.java:30)
Java Result: 1


text:
Why were we born? What is really important in life? Are we living in line with that? Or are we distracted from the point of our existence? Is there a way to get people to wake up and ask these crucial questions?
Is there a way to get governments to do so?
Because if we are wrecking the place in fulfillment of our human purpose, then so be it.
But if we are wrecking the place while sleepwalking our way from birth to death? Living unconsciously and wrecking the place in that process? That seems like such a terrible tragedy.
How can we wake up?
God bless us. Kwan Seum Bosal.
PS One way to help is to get involved with 350.org.
PPS. Another way is to help make people aware by running a No Impact Week in your community.
PPPS To read the NASA article, go here.
Colin Beavan (that's me!) is now leading a conversation about finding a happy, helpful life at Colinbeavan.com. If you want to know how people are breaking out and and finding authentic, meaningful lives that help our world, check it out the blog here and sign up to join the conversation here.


text:
Aalto Red Votive from Iittala
Alvar Aalto's signature curves lend the Votive, part of the Alvar Aalto Collection, a timeless quality--although it was designed over 70 years ago, it still fits beautifully in a variety of settings. See more items from Iittala here.
Size: 2.25" x 4.25"
Code: 47504
Member price: $52.20


text:
Waiver Wire Pickups and The Dump List for Week 16
Ahhh, Why no list?! I told you these lists would be getting shorter and shorter with each passing week and boy was I not kidding. If you would like a list of the players worth picking up, you can get one here. Confused? It's pretty simple. Every single player on that list is a viable pick up as you head into your super bowl match up. You need to use strategy now more than ever. Does your opponent have Ryan Mathews? Did he start him last week? Well that means he needs a running back. This means that YOU need as many running backs as you can get. I wont waste my time telling people that I think Curtis Brinkley is the best step-in for Mathews (which I do), my rankings will do that. My point here is that if your opponent needs a RB to play, then you need to go pick up Brinkley AND Jackie Battle. If you won't start them and your opponent won't either… they are safe to be dropped, no matter how "valuable" they are. (**Disclaimer** Keeper and dynasty league owners, this advice is NOT for you)


text:
The Long Key Natural Area and Nature Center offers a variety of service projects and badge programs for all levels of scouts. Programs are designed by naturalists to help scouts learn about nature and complete badge requirements in a fun and interesting way.
Badge Workshops allow scouts to work on badges individually or in small groups. Workshops are scheduled on a regular basis throughout the year. Not all badges are offered at all times throughout the year. To find out which badge workshops are being offered, consult our monthly program flyer or check the park's program calendar.
Entire troops/packs may work on badges together by scheduling a badge program. A minimum of 10 scouts are required to book a program. These programs may be scheduled after school, on weekends, or during school breaks. To book a badge program please send an e-mail request to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Programs Currently Offered at Long Key(Programs may change without notice at any given time)
Brownies - Try - Its
We also offer programs and guided hikes for Daisy, Bear, Senior/Cadet, and Boy Scouts.
PricingPrices vary by program but usually range from $3 - $6 per participant for each badge program and are about 1 – 2 hours in duration.
Volunteer Opportunities and ProjectsAsk us about volunteer opportunities and service projects. We have helped many scouts complete Bronze, Silver, Gold, Life and Eagle projects.


text:
NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partners. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Monday, October 17, 2016
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
How Can a Non-Smoker Have Emphysema?
I am writing on behalf of my son. He is 22 and has been told by doctors in Lithuania that he has emphysema. He has never smoked-I am not a smoker-and we do not understand how he can have Emphysema when he does not smoke!
He has had both lungs operated on after suffering from several pneumothoraxes. His left lung was operated on in May and he had an MRI done Friday, August 13, and you can see a pocket of air almost 4 cm in diameter on the top of the left lung. He is complaining of 'popping' and fatigue and is worried that the lung is collapsing again. It collapsed a week after the surgery this May. What can he do?
Emphysema can occur rarely in young nonsmokers but the cause in that case is often obscure. Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency should be considered by his physician. However, from the description you provided it appears that he has subpleural blebs that have contributed to his pneumothoraces.
I would recommend that you have him evaluated by a lung specialist to help differentiate what is going on with him and to help with the next therapeutic decision.
Mark D Wewers, MD
Professor of Pulmonology, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep
Molecular Virology, Immunology & Medical Genetics
Environmental Health Sciences
College of Medicine
The Ohio State University


text:
Hi guys.
So, spam is annoying. With help from Culseg, I have tweaked a the forum to make it harder for spammers to get past the guards and post on the site. But to solve it right, I need to upgrade phpbb3 and use an improved reCaptcha that bots cannot easily break.
We will bring back anonymous posting (that will require an equally difficult to break captcha), to encourage quick questions. While I'm at it, what other things should the site get upgraded? What do you all think?


text:
Underground Storage Tanks Management at City Facilities
The City of San Diego's Energy, Sustainability, and Environmental Protection Division (ESEP) manages the removal and replacement of storage tanks owned by the City such as the tank pictured here. Abandoned and leaking storage tanks pose a serious health risk as corroded tanks emit hazardous petroleum vapors and leak fuel into San Diego's groundwater. The City has removed and replaced about 250 buried and above ground tanks since 1987.
Information Contacts and Resources
- For City staff and project contractors, contact Craig Fergusson, Underground Tanks Program Manager, via email at email@example.com or telephone at 858-627-3311.
- For businesses or residents, telephone the County of San Diego, Department of Environmental Health at 619-338-2222.


text:
Product Description
Custom engraved Buddha Art Lady wood phone case.wood iphone 6s case, wood iPhone 6 case, wood iPhone 6plus case, wood iPhone 5 case, wood iPhone 5S case, wood Samsung s5, wood, Samsung s6, wood Samsung note 4, wood Samsung note 3.
All of our iPhone and Samsung wood cases are made of 100% natural wood, We offer walnut, cherry and bamboo wood. This premium case is made only from high quality, tough and flexible poly carbonate plastic. The wood is bonded to back of the housing carefully, by using high quality adhesive, which prevents the wood from separating from the housing over time. Our cases are engineered to offer protection for your device from the tests of time and nature, while Cutouts in the liner and soft touch button covers allow access to all of your phoneÛªs ports and functions. Our cases will not interfere with your phoneÛªs reception.
The oval camera openings have been shaped carefully to prevent interfering with the iPhone or Samsung devices built in flash.
The image on the back of the case is done by laser engraving.
Each case might vary slightly in color and grain pattern, because each wood is different.
Our cases are available to fit your iPhone 6, iPhone 6 + Plus, iPhone 5/5S, iPhone 5C, Samsung galaxy s5, Samsung galaxy s6,Samsung galaxy s6 Edge, Samsung note 4, Samsung note 3.
Our cases are sleek and lightweight to add minimal bulk to your device. Each hard case housing is precision made to fit just right. It fits your phone perfectly.
For more shock absorbency, we use the right plastic and the raised bumper provides screen protection.
All orders will be shipped within 2-3 business days.
United States and Canada: allow 4-5 days.
International: Allow 10 to 20 days.
(The international shipping period mentioned above may vary depending on the carrier in your
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Instagram: www.instagram.com/case_yard/
© Copyright 2015 caseyard
iPhone is a trademark of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries
We offer quality real Wood iPhone 6/6s case and also clear iphone 6/6s cases here. Over 200 designs to choose from. Spoil you Apple or Samsung device.


text:
Tight Boxers N206MM
€6.00 €15.45
Navy or red men's lingerie tight boxer shorts with a navy background branded medium waist belt with slim horizontal white and red stripes.
They are made of a special combination of cotton and lycra (Spandex) called micro-modal for a soft skin touch, good breathability, durability and a perfect response to moisture.
Material: 94%CO+6%EA
Measuring guidance to determine your size:
It is advisable that you only wear a very thin underwear or nothing if possible while performing the self-measuring in order to find out your correct size. A tailor's tape is a must have tool to enable you proceeding with your self-measuring (see photo below).
A correct body position is also important. While measuring yourself you should:
- adopt a standing position
- keep your shoulders and your back straight
- breath normally
What to measure?
- over-the-bust circumference (the most prominent part of the bust): when looking to get the correct size for a bra or negligee (gown)/undershirt (for women) or for an undershirt (for men)
- under-the-bust circumference: when looking to get the correct size for a bra or negligee (gown)/undershirt (for women)
- hips circumference (the most prominent part): when looking to find out the correct size of your underpants (women and men)
Men Size table (Underpants, Undershirts, Swimwear):
Women Size table (Underpants/Bottoms):
Note: UK/Ireland size chart for Underpants/Bottoms is similar to the corresponding Australian/New Zealand one.
Women Size table (Bra):
Bra Size Conversion from UK/Ireland to Australia/New Zealand
- a Cup Size in the tables above is equal to the measured over-the-bust circumference (measured over the most prominent part of your bust and making sure the tape in all its way in contact with your skin, but not too tight or too loose)
- to measure your under-the-bust circumference, you should place the measuring tape just below your breasts line making sure the tape is all the way in contact to your chest, but not too tight or too loose and also please make sure the circle which is formed by the measuring tape around your chest is parallel with the floor (assuming your standing vertically).
- if the result of your measurement if not a round figure, please round up to the next round figure (example: if your measurement result is any between 88.1cm and 89cm then you should round up your result to the next round figure which is 89cm)
How to find out your bra size:
Example: - if your under-the-bust circumference reading is 79cm (therefore corresponding to the UK Size 36) and your over-the-bust circumference (Cup Size) reading is 97cm (therefore corresponding to the Cup Size C), then your Bra Size is 36C
Women Size Swimwear:
To find out your correct size for your swimwear bra and slip (bottoms), please use the tables provided above.
How to read swimwear sizes:
The first letter represents the actual size of the bra (international size units) and the second letter represents the bra's cup size. Example: M-C (M = the size of the bra, C = the cup size for the respective bra).
Note: - if a swimwear suit has no corresponding information about the Cup Size, then that Cup is always a Cup Size B unless otherwise specified.
Can't find your size?
Please get in touch with us and we will be more than happy to help you find your correct size. If possible, have your measurements readings at hand when you get in contact with us.
Ways to get in touch:
- Use our Chat application to get all you need quickly
- Ring our Customer Help team at 01-826 3552 and talk with a Sales Assistant
- If you don't require immediate assistance, you can use our Contact Form page or send us an email to email@example.com and we'll be happy to reply to you as soon as possible
Delivery details:
We accept orders from ALL OVER THE WORLD.
The Underwear Boutique offers FREE DELIVERY on all orders over €50 within the Republic of Ireland / UK, on all orders over €75 from Europe (EU and Non-EU) and on all orders over €99 from All Over the World.
Courier details
We offer deliveries to your door by DHL Express. Also, you may opt in for budget Standard An Post (subject of packet weight).
Delivery times & notifications
All deliveries within the Republic of Ireland, UK and European Union (EU) are next day deliveries (may be subject of the post/area code) if you choose DHL Express. Deliveries by Standard An Post service usually take longer depending on your destination (usually approximative 5 - 7 working days).
As soon as the order was successfully placed and paid for, you will receive an email to let you know that your order was received.
You will then receive a second email message to notify you when your order was dispatched along with a tracking number (tracking numbers are available only if DHL Express was chosen) so you can easily follow your packet on its way to your door. Please allow up to 12 hours for the tracking number to update in the carrier systems.
The dispatch usually takes place on the day you placed your order with us if this is on a working day and you placed your order no later than 12:00pm on that day. Orders placed after 12:00pm or during the weekends or bank holidays are dispatched on the following working day.
Once dispatched from our warehouse, your order is normally delivered to your chosen destination in Ireland, UK or European Union on the next day (for the orders delivered by DHL Express). For the DHL shipments for the rest of the world, the delivery is expected within 2 - 3 working days.
Delivery address
Orders are delivered to the address of your choice (you can choose your preferred delivery address during the check-out process).
We will leave the products in their original branded packaging (normally consisting of small carton boxes or plastic bags) and will place them together with your receipt, order details document and return form in our own logo-marked white cardboard box or in our own logo-marked, tear resistant, opaque and sealed white plastic bags for further protection during transportation.
- xxx -
The Underwear Boutique operates FREE RETURNS on all orders that qualify for a return from all our customers (see Returns Policy below).
Returns policy
In the situation you are not happy with your purchase or you need a different product, colour or size, or you have changed your mind about the need of your ordered items, simply return your original order to us within 14 days and you will be refunded back to your initial form of payment. You can then select your new item for your new exchange order online via www.tub.ie, check-out successfully for the new order, and we will dispatch it to your preferred address. Please make sure your Credit or Debit Card or PayPal details have not changed since the original order has been placed to enable us processing your refund.
Please note that we can only accept new, unwashed, unworn, odour-free merchandise in its intact original packaging with attached unfolded tags. Given the intimate nature of our merchandise, we reserve the right to refuse an item that does not meet hygiene and health regulations.
In case of any return, please note we will not be able to refund you the cost of the delivery you paid for the respective order.
Gift Cards are not subject of refund.
Our 14 days returns policy begins on the day we dispatch your oder to you. Returns after 14 days may be accepted at our discretion solely and are subject of a re-stocking fee. We also reserve the right not to accept late returns.
Items on Sale
All items on sale at the moment of purchase are not qualifying for a free return, but we will be happy to refund you the cost of these items once they have been returned to us in proper conditions (T&Cs apply - see the next paragraph "Important notes about returning underwear and swimwear").
Important notes about returning underwear and swimwear
- Please make sure that all tags have no folding, and product packaging is intact
- If unsure about your purchase, we suggest trying on our products over your own clean underwear. All returned items are closely examined and tested. If we conclude the item is not in new pristine condition we reserve the right not to accept it as a return.
- We strongly suggest you do not wear perfume or deodorant when trying on your purchase. These can leave marks or scents, which may disqualify the item from being returnable.
- Due to the delicate structure of padded bra cups, a protective box should be used to prevent damage and ensure a full credit.
- Please note again that we can only accept new, unwashed, unworn, odour-free merchandise in its intact original packaging with attached unfolded tags. Given the intimate nature of our merchandise, we reserve the right to refuse an item that does not meet hygiene and health regulations.
We are always committed to selling only brand-new, pristine items. So, for the peace of mind and health of all our customers, we reserve the right to refuse returns on items that are not meeting the conditions mentioned above.
How to make a return:
Place the item/s you would like to return back into the original packaging (the white box or polyethylene bag).
In the Purchase Documents envelope, delivered to you together with your purchase, you can find the Return Form. Fill in the Return Form according to the instructions printed on it and place it back inside the original packaging together with the item/s to be returned.
Carefully seal the original packaging with sealing tape, then bring it to your nearest post office (local An Post office for customers in Ireland) and post it to our address: Unit 2, Ringwood Centre, Damastown Close, Damastown Industrial Park, Dublin D15VH79, Republic of Ireland.
Once the packet is posted back to us, please send us a legible copy of the respective postage receipt by email to email@example.com.
Processing times for Returns and Credits/Refunds
We usually process returns within 7 working days once we receive the returned items and the copy of the postage receipt. The intimate nature of the products we sell requires intensive quality testing and inspection. A questionable return can take longer. The availability to your funds is determined by your credit card issuer or your financial institution.
Did we make a mistake and ship you the wrong item? Please call us at 01-8263552
or send us an email at email@example.com


text:
It's common to feel sick to your stomach (nauseated) or to vomit when you get chemotherapy. Nausea and vomiting are caused by cancer drugs you may get during treatment. You may feel sick or vomit soon after your treatment session. But with some chemotherapy medicines, you may not get sick until days later. Some people have only nausea or only vomiting. Others have both. Some people don't get sick at all from chemotherapy.
There are many drugs that can prevent nausea and vomiting. Preventing nausea and vomiting will help calm your stomach so you can eat, stay strong, and give your body a chance to rest between cancer treatments.
Antinausea drugs work best if you start taking them before you start chemotherapy.
What causes nausea and vomiting?
Doctors don't know exactly why cancer drugs cause nausea and vomiting. Some drugs affect the parts of the nervous system that trigger nausea. Other drugs can irritate your stomach lining and make you feel sick.
How big a dose you get can also affect how you feel. A drug may be fine at a low dose. At a higher dose, it may make you sick. But that higher dose may be what's needed to kill cancer cells.
The way you receive a drug can also make a difference. A drug that is given through your vein in an IV may make you feel sick sooner than the same drug given as a pill. That's because your body will absorb the IV drug faster.
What will increase your risk for nausea and vomiting?
There are more than 100 different drugs to treat cancer. Some are much more likely to cause nausea and vomiting than others. You and your doctor will decide which cancer drugs you will get based on the type of cancer you have, where the cancer is in your body, and how serious the cancer is (its stage).
Cancer drugs are ranked based on how often they cause nausea and vomiting.4 See a list of the most common cancer drugs and how likely they are to make you sick.
Other things besides cancer drugs can raise your risk for nausea and vomiting. If you had chemotherapy before and it led to vomiting, your brain will remember it. So just thinking about your cancer treatment can make you feel sick. This is called anticipatory vomiting. But antinausea medicine can help you control this feeling so that you can get through chemotherapy.
Your risk of getting sick can be higher if you:3
How are nausea and vomiting treated?
The goal of treatment is to prevent nausea and vomiting. Your doctor will look at which cancer drugs you are taking and your history of getting sick. You will probably be given a medicine that works to control nausea and vomiting in other people who are getting the same cancer treatment. You may be given two or three medicines to take.
Antinausea medicines are usually taken as pills. But you might also get them through an IV or as a patch that's taped to your skin. These medicines are usually given before your first chemotherapy session. You will need to take antinausea medicine as long as your cancer treatments last.
Some of the most common medicines used to control nausea and vomiting include:2
The best way to prevent nausea and vomiting is to start taking antinausea medicine well before you begin your cancer treatment. But even if you have already started cancer treatment, it's not too late to try to prevent nausea and vomiting. Talk with your doctor if chemotherapy is making you sick.
How do antinausea medicines work?
These medicines work in different ways. Some block a chemical in the brain that controls vomiting. Other drugs reduce swelling in the part of the brain that controls nausea. A few drugs slow down the central nervous system. Some of these drugs work alone. Others only work when you take them with other drugs.
Some antinausea medicines cause side effects. You may:1
Not all antinausea medicines work the same for everyone. You might have to try a few of these drugs, alone and together, to find what works best for you. After you start to take antinausea medicines, tell your doctor right away if you still feel sick.
What else can you do to manage nausea and vomiting?
In addition to antinausea medicines, you can try some things at home to help yourself feel better. If you're feeling sick, eat several small meals during the day instead of a few large meals. Stay away from sweet, fried, or fatty foods. Suck on ice cubes or mints. For more information, see:
- Keeley PW (2009). Nausea and vomiting in people with cancer and other chronic diseases, search date April 2008. Online version of BMJ Clinical Evidence: http://www.clinicalevidence.com.
- Kris MG, et al. (2006). American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline for antiemetics in oncology: Update 2006. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 24(18): 2932–2947. [Erratum in Journal of Clinical Oncology, 24(33): 5341–5342.]
- Dow KH, Kalinowski BH (2004). Nursing care in patient management and quality of life. In JR Harris et al., eds., Diseases of the Breast, 3rd ed., pp. 1387–1404. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network and American Cancer Society (2005). Nausea and Vomiting: Treatment Guidelines for Patients With Cancer, version III, pp. 1–32. Jenkintown, PA: National Comprehensive Cancer Network.
|Healthwise Staff
|Primary Medical Reviewer
|E. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine
|Specialist Medical Reviewer
|Michael Seth Rabin, MD - Medical Oncology
|Specialist Medical Reviewer
|Andrew Swan, MD, CCFP, FCFP - Family Medicine
|Last Revised
|February 23, 2010
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Designs from Kashmir influenced generations of British and French shawl makers. The intricate design on this shawl is known as paisley, which evolved from Kashmiri boteh (flower) patterns. The vivid, hot-yellow centre clearly identifies its European origin and the fine weave, delicate wool and details suggest a Français manufacture.
Asia: South Asia, India, Northern India, Kashmir
Europe: Western Europe, France
Europe: Western Europe, Great Britain, Scotland, Paisley


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Video shows kidnapped Egyptian security officers
CAIRO (AP) — Seven men purported to be the members of Egypt's security forces kidnapped by suspected militants last week appeared in a video posted online Sunday and urged the government to secure their release by meeting their captors' demands.
The video, posted on YouTube, is the first sign of the six policemen and one border guard since they were abducted by gunmen on the road from the Sinai Peninsula to Cairo on Thursday. Egyptian security officials said they believed the men in the clip were the missing personnel and that authorities were treating the matter seriously. The father of one of the captives identified his son in the video.
The kidnappings have embarrassed President Mohammed Morsi's government, and are seen as a test of his administration's ability to restore security to the volatile peninsula. They also have renewed a national debate on how best to tackle the troubles in northern Sinai, which borders Gaza and Israel. While many called for a swift security response, some argued that such a move would spark a backlash.
Authorities have been in contact with the kidnappers through mediators. The kidnappers have demanded the release of several militants held in Egyptian jails, including some convicted during Mubarak's rule, officials say.
In a statement Sunday, the president said that there is "no room for dialogue with the criminals" responsible for the kidnappings. The statement followed a meeting Morsi held with politicians from largely Islamist groups to brief them on efforts to secure the captives' release.
The president wrote on the social media website Twitter Sunday evening that "all options are on the table" to free the men and that the government will "not succumb to blackmail."
Sinai has been wracked by lawlessness since the 2011 uprising that ousted longtime leader Hosni Mubarak. Criminal gangs, militants and local tribesmen disgruntled with what they say is state-sponsored discrimination have exploited the security vacuum to smuggle weapons, attack security forces and kidnap tourists to trade for relatives held in Egyptian jails.
In the video released Sunday, the men, blindfolded and holding their hands on their heads, introduce themselves one by one.
One of the men identified himself as Cpl. Ibrahim Sobhi Ibrahim and asked Egypt's leaders to free jailed Sinai militants.
"The demands of the brothers, Mr. President, is the release of political prisoners from Sinai," he says. "Please, Mr. President, release them quickly. We can no longer tolerate torture."
The video closes with the men pleading to the camera: "Rescue us, Mr. President. We can't take it. Rescue us, people." At one point, the tip of a rifle appears over the head of some of the captives, before it is swiftly pulled back off the screen. There were no visible signs of torture on the young men.
It was not immediately clear who posted the video, which was uploaded to a YouTube account created Sunday. Later YouTube took it down, saying it violated its policy on violence.
An Egyptian security official identified the captives in the video as the missing personnel. He said a copy of the video was sent to security agencies, but it was not immediately clear by whom. Another security official in Cairo said families and friends of the captives were called in to identify their relatives.
Both officials spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to brief reporters.
The names of five of the missing also correspond with names previously obtained by The Associated Press.
Security officials say they believe the assailants carried out the kidnapping after being angered over reports that a prisoner, Ahmed Abu Sheta, had been tortured while in jail. Abu Shehata was convicted of attacking a police station in 2011 that killed police officers.
After meeting Morsi on Sunday, Younes Makhyoun, a leading member of the ultraconservative Islamist Salafi al-Nour party, said the president is eager to avoid a security response.
"Even though there are voices who are demanding security interference and decisiveness, (Morsi) said he wants to rescue the soldiers peacefully, and is keeping the engagement with local tribesmen," Makhyoun told The Associated Press. "The security solution would be easiest, but he wants to save lives."
Makhyoun said his party is also against a security solution because it would lead to bloodshed and won't resolve the problem — a lingering feeling of injustice by many of those who were convicted and arrested during the Mubarak era. He said the kidnappers' demands include the release of as many as 600 prisoners, some of whom were convicted before 2011. A way out, he said, would be to offer retrials for those convicted in the past or in haste.
Mohammed Abdel-Hamid, the father of one of the policemen, told the private Al-Youm TV station that his son was in the video. He said he would rather see his son dead than have his release negotiated.
Expressing their anger at the recent kidnapping, scores of policemen blocked a commercial border crossing with Israel Sunday to protest the abduction of their colleagues. The policemen closed the main gates of the Awja crossing with chains, leaving around 40 trucks stranded, according to local official Ahmed Osman.
On Friday, policemen blocked a border crossing into Gaza. There was no indication that either Israel or the Palestinians were involved in the kidnapping.
Associated Press writer Ashraf Sweilam contributed to this report from south Sinai.


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Thursday, November 13, 2014
Marc Lawrence College & Pro Upsets Nov.13-17
LSU over Arkansas by 11
The first question that came to mind when we saw this openingl ine was who died and made Arkansas Boss Hog? The Razorbacks a favorite? Really? Don't forget, the piglets were taking 28 points in this matchup less than a year ago, and 12 points at home in 2012. And the last time we looked, these same Hogs were riding a 17-game conference-losing streak. We know one thing for sure: had the Tigers prevailed last week over Alabama, there would be no plus-sign next to their name. And since we suddenly don't have to worry about points tonight in Fayetteville, check out these doozies: the Tigers are 14-0 SU after angling with Alabama and 13-1 SU away versus sub .500 conference opposition. Meanwhile, Razorbacks' head coach Bret Bielema is 3-12 SU in his last 15 games versus a foe that owns a better win percentage and Arkansas is just 2-7 ATS with rest. Sure, the Hogs have covered six of the last seven in the series but on all but one of those occasions they were taking points. Call us crazy and throw in a straitjacket, but we're not going to Arky Asylum tonight – not with the 'Mad as Hell' Hatter the answer to this week's TRIVIA TEASER – and providing us with the Clincher: Les Miles is 22-1 SU with LSU in games off a SU loss, including 3-0 SUATS as a dog.
VA TECH over Duke by 6
Much like in 2012 when the Hokies needed two wins in their fi al three games to keep Frank Beamer's 21-year bowl streak alive, they need déja vu all over again to accomplish the same goal this
season. Virginia Tech lost, 13-10, as a 12-point home favorite in this series last year, snapping a 12-game series SU win streak. And with Tech getting an extra week to prepare, we expect an all-out
effort from Beamer's boys to drive out any and all demonic spirits.Speaking of the Blue Devils, they fi nally won the stats in a game, but only by a mere 40 yards, in a 27-10 victory at Syracuse (Duke
was still being outgained, 211-171 through three quarters). We realize Duke is riding a 16-1 SU regular season skein and the Devils are clamoring for respect in the talk of 1-loss consideration teams,
but the feeling here is that talk will be over at the conclusion of this game. Our MIDWEEK ALERT reports the Dukies are -23 YPG in the stats against fellow FBS foes this season, where the Hokies
are +5 YPG in similar games. As with Tennessee, a SU loss will not keep the Gobblers home for the holidays, but they would dearly love to spoil the 1-loss record of a Duke team that's stolen a lot of
Virginia Tech's thunder over the past two seasons. The Clincher: HC Beamer is 18-6 SU and 18-4-2 ATS in his career as either a favorite or a dog of less than 10 points with revenge versus an opponent off back-to-back wins.
SOUTH CAROLINA OVER Florida by 3
What's happened here? An early CFB GOY line posted at the Golden Nugget before the season started had the Gamecocks as 6-point favorites in this contest. Yes, we realize that the Ol' Ball Coach's squad is down but they're not out of post-season contention as they need two wins in their final three games to keep a 6-year bowl streak alive. Remember – they were the pundits' pick to win the SEC East when the season started. And let's not forget that Spurrier is 10-3 ATS as a dog in games off back-to-back SU losses, including 6-0 ATS when his team's win percentage is .555 or less. Sure, the Gators are now playing with renewed confi dence behind FR QB Treon Harris but we're not sold on them just yet. They're just 4-13 SU and 5-12 ATS from Game Six out versus winning opposition under Muschamp, including 2-5 SU and 1-6 ATS as chalk. The bottom line is what have they done since taking 15.5 points last season in Columbia to warrant a 21-point line swing? Call us collect if you figure it out. Better yet, save your money – we're chomping at the bit to grab the points. An absolute must take.
New England over Indianapolis by 7
A rematch from last year's playoffs in which the Pats sent the Colts packing in a decisive 21-point win in Foxboro is on tap this Sunday night. That sets the table for tonight's fi ght, as our welloiled
machine notes Indy is just 7-14 ATS home on Sunday nights, including 0-7 ATS with revenge and 0-5 SUATS when off a SUATS win. On the other side of the coin, the Pats are on a 4-0 SUATS run
in their last four Sunday-nighters while also standing a staggering 7-2 SU and 9-0 ATS all-time under the Sunday Night lights as a pick or dog of 3 or less points. While Andrew Luck has been nothing
short of brilliant in his young NFL career (29-15 SU and 28-15-1 ATS in all games), he has struggled in tonight's role, just 2-7 SUATS with revenge in non-division bouts when off a SU win, including
0-5 SUATS from Game Eight out. And for those of you insistent on drinking the intoxicating Luck Kool-Aid, our INCREDIBLE STAT OF THE WEEK delivers a sobering antidote, noting the Colts are
1-14 ATS since 1980 as home favorites against New England. Whoa Nellie! All this and we haven't even touched on The Clincher: Patriots QB Tom Brady is 28-8-1ATS in his NFL career as a pick
or dog of 3 or less points, including 18-3-1 ATS before Game Eleven of the season.
HOUSTON over Carolina by 10
It's amazing what a new coach and a new attitude can do to a floundering program. Mike Pettine's arrival in Cleveland has been a saving grace as, for fi rst time since 1994, the Browns are in sole
possession of fi rst place in the AFC North. This seismic shift finds fans, and the betting public, delirious with playoff fever, especially knowing pro bowlers WR Josh Gordon and TE Jordan Cameron,
are due back next week. The talk of playoffs has even enthralled Pettine, who says, "We're not going to hide from it... I think it's OK." To that we say hold your horses. They will fi rst need to get
past a Houston Texans team that is 4-1 SUATS the last four meetings in this series, and one that is 4-0 ATS away in games against doublerevenge-minded foes. Our all-knowing database passes along this gem: 4-5 NFL away teams in Game Ten of the season are 14-8-1 ATS since 1980, including 5-0 ATS when facing a foe off a SU doubledigit win. With the Texans anxious to rally around QB Ryan Mallett in his fi st NFL start, we close it out with The Clincher: Winning teams at home in Game Ten of the season that won 4 or fewer games last year are 1-10-1 ATS when hosting a nondivision opponent.
Marc Lawrence can also be found at Playbook.com - One Click Handicapping


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Paul Kersey
Paul Kersey is director of labor policy at the Illinois Policy Institute and served as director of labor policy at the Mackinac Center for Public Policy from September 2007 to May 2012.
Kersey holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics from the University of Michigan-Dearborn. In 1993, he received his Juris Doctor from the University of Illinois.
After practicing law in Livonia, Mich., for several years, Kersey served on the staff of the U.S. House of Representatives Government Reform and Oversight Committee. He then spent three years at the National Right to Work Committee as director of state legislation. In that role, he analyzed and responded to labor legislation in all 50 states.
From Paul Kersey
Proposal 2 of 2012: An Assessment
The study examines how the proposed constitutional amendment would enshrine collective bargaining in the state constitution, which would allow government union collective bargaining agreements to invalidate numerous state laws meant to improve the quality of public services and would likely negate a projected $1.6 billion in annual taxpayer savings.
The Policy Brief was co-authored by Vernuccio and other Mackinac Center analysts: Senior Legal Analyst Patrick J. Wright, Executive Vice President Michael J. Reitz and Assistant Fiscal Policy Director James M. Hohman. Also co-authoring was Paul Kersey, director of labor policy at the Illinois Policy Institute. … more
Reconsidering Michigan's Public Employment Relations Act
No area of public policy in Michigan is more in need of fresh thinking than the relationship between government and its employees. With Michigan's recurring government budget struggles, and with a new Legislature and governor espousing a commitment to performance, efficiency and accountability in government, a new labor law for government employees is imperative.
This report outlines a variety of ways the Michigan Legislature can address the damaging impact of PERA. … more


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Pumpkin Celebration Braided and Printed Oval Rug 20"x30"
Ready to Buy?
Maker: Earth Rugs
Product ID: 65-222PC
Braided oval accent rug with a pumpkin celebration printed design. This rug is made from all natural and eco-friendly 100% jute. Measurements are 30 inches x 20 inches, thickness is 0.17 inches. Made by Earth Rugs, imported. The manufacturer's UPC code for this item is 054914027387
Dimensions: 30 inches x 20 inches, oval shaped
Price: $39.75
Sale: $34.13
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