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In terms of durability, you can't really go past Select. The polyurethane cover on the Numero 10 is tough enough to withstand dog bites and general wear and tear, but still feels nice and soft when kicked. Although this ball is a bit more expensive than other replicas, it comes with a two year warranty for peace of mind when buying. It also retains its bounce very well over the years – perfect for practising volleys and clearances.
Finding the best soccer ball is important. You don't use a ball only once and you keep on pushing and stepping on it all the time. Your typical soccer ball is not something that you usually handle with care and attention. So you need to buy something reliable that will not get cut with frequent use. At the same time, you need something that comes in the right size, weight and feel. When the ball is too heavy or too light you will not be able to use it properly.
If you have a youth player for whom you are purchasing this soccer ball, then take note that the Size 3 ball in this series is closer to a Size 4 ball. The weight and feel is still accurate, so it is good for home practice and play. The sizing just might make it difficult to take this ball to practice for some players. It doesn't come with a 32-panel design, but it does have the traditional hexagon panels over the entire cover of the ball. This allows players to work on some ball movement skills, as well as placement drills, with relative ease at home.
By no means is this type of ball similar to a typical soccer ball. For starters, instead of air, its bladder is filled with foam. In this case, the ball has less bounce and is heavier in order to facilitate its purpose; meant to be used on a hard surface indoors. This size 4 ball may also have suede castings which help to stabilize the ball on a slippery floor.
The game of soccer has evolved greatly over the years and the ball has evolved with it. In days past, defenses played with as many as six men back. Then things changed around the 1950s to allow when many teams played four forwards at one time! Now, we are in a period where we see (sometimes) one natural forward in a team. The changes that have happened in the game have oftentimes been a result of the changes to the soccer ball itself. Through its many changes, it has allowed teams to change strategies.
Most people assume that it's a European or South American native sport. As much as soccer is a mighty sport, the tools of the trade are of great importance and in this case, we need the best soccer ball. In a match, gear and a goal post can be improvised but never the soccer ball. It dictates the direction of the game; the better the ball, the better the game.
Ok i have read some of the negative reviews and i am sure there is the occasional faulty ball or the person who thinks they are buying a "regular match soccer ball"... that is not what this ball is designed for. It is an "ultra-durable" and nearly indestructible soccer ball. I have been buying these for 4 years and i give them away especially in Nicaragua. I would venture to say these balls are not designed for normal use in the USA on a manicured field... the flight, the touch is a little different... but if you play on hard surfaces, rocky roads, near barbed wire fences, in environments such as Nicaragua and other countries this is the best ball you can buy. I took my first ones to Nicaragua and left them and one was played with nearly every day for three years by some kids in a local
Our Soccer clearance section is the best place to find deals on soccer equipment. You will be able to find everything from discount soccer cleats, cheap soccer jerseys, kids soccer shorts, soccer balls, shinguards, soccer socks, and soccer backpacks on sale. We offer great brands, like Diadora, Reusch, New Balance, adidas and more. We also feature replica soccer jerseys from your favorite team. We are constantly adding new items to our Clearance section, so check back often.
As an International Match Standard and NFHS (high school) and NCAA-approved ball, this one gets a lot of play out of high schools and colleges in the United States. And for good reason. Every time I played with a select ball, I knew what to expect and I got each and every time. Coming in a number of colors, this ball can be tailored to match your team while still looking classy with the white to contrast it. It has a latex bladder and is hand-stitched. This is a premium match soccer ball for the price of a practice ball. Definitely a ball to consider looking into.
100% Nike Original La liga 2018/19 Strike Size 5 . GREAT TOUCH. HIGH VISIBILITY. The LFP Strike Football features a reinforced rubber bladder and high-contrast graphics for a consistent feel and easy visual tracking. Benefits High-contrast graphics for easy ball tracking Nike Aerowtrac grooves and 12-panel design for accurate ball flight Reinforced rubber bladder for air and shape retention Textured casing provides great touch and feel Product Details: Materials: 60% rubber/15% polyurethane/13% polyester/12% EVA Imported Ship Deflated USA Seller !!!
It depends on its intended use. Soccer ball casings are made from three kinds of synthetic materials. Polyvinyl carbonate (PVC) which is what most less expensive training balls are made from, Polyurethane (PU) which is the preferred ball for soccer tournaments, and a combination of the two. There are also foam and rubber training soccer balls for kids. Some kids' soccer balls are made of 100 percent thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), which is a kind of foamy casing material so the ball is very soft. There are greater and lesser grades of each kind of material. PU-covered balls are generally softer, livelier, and have a better feel to them, and are what most people seek when looking for a optimal performing soccer ball.
Above I have told you some information about professional soccer ball. I have told you who can use them, I have also listed a couple of great examples of this great soccer balls and after that I have also told you what you should look and how to take care about them. Now it's time for your move. Take a look and order a couple of these awesome soccer balls.
As I mentioned above there are thousands of ball that you can choose from, but they are not all good and also we are here focused on best soccer balls under $100. If I would like to make a full review, I would have to buy a lot of balls and test all of them, but this unfortunately is not possible, because I don't have so much money. Here comes out my experience during my career and other recommendations.
The ball has good texture. It seems to hold air pretty well. The design is cool and is definitely one that is not seen on the pitch or practice field normally. I only have concern that a few of the patches on the ball are not flush with the others. 2 of the small panels are a little raised than the others where the seems meet. When my son and I pass the ball on a perfect synthetic field, it seems to jump just slightly, but it could be in my head since I have seen the seems not level to each other in a few spots on the ball. Mine may be abnormal. Other than that, the ball seems very well made. It even makes the right noises when kicked hard. Overall pretty satisfied.
8. Major League Soccer is the top flight of professional soccer in the U.S. and so no surprise that the league's official ball, the adidas 2018 MLS Glider Soccer Ball, is a big seller. Fans see the ball in all MLS matches and young fans aspire to one day be kicking the ball in a competitive match. Fans also take the ball to kick around before matches while tailgating with younger fans grabbing one to get player autographs.
Bend-It is particularly proud of how this ball helps you perfect the Knuckleball movement. Now, I didn't know much about this particular soccer move but it's a skill worth acquiring! If you hit the ball just right for a Knuckleball kick, your ball will head on a (seemingly unpredictable) zigzag pattern, making it harder to block by the goalie. The Bend-It ball uses their VPM technology to help users perfect this movement during their training.
The Obsidian 5 has trademark graphics paying tribute to the USA national team. It is a prestigious soccer ball to add to your soccer equipment if you love buying anything US. The material used is 12% EVA, 13% polyester, 15% polyurethane and 60% rubber. These top-quality materials ensure great performance and excellent ball control to help improve your playing skills in the field. The material is durable enough to handle day to day use, and machine-stitched construction reduces water absorption while equally ensuring durability. It has a rubber bladder that enhances air retention and shape.
However, by selling out so hard in terms of responsiveness, the Mikasa has painted itself into a bit of a corner. Specifically, the synthetic leather casing makes this ball unsuitable for use on any surface outside of natural grass.In fact, even artificial grass will begin to wear down this ball once the glossy finish has been worn away. When you factor in the machine stitching, you end up with one of the least durable soccer balls on our list.
For all those budding Pelés, Maradona's and Messi's out there (how come nobody wants to be a defender or goalkeeper?) I have put together a guide to the Top Ten most popular and best selling soccer balls available. While having the best soccer ball at your feet will not necessarily make you a better player, every little helps and a quality ball will at least increase your enjoyment of the beautiful game and, quite possibly, your accuracy and ball control. Well, you gotta have faith, don't you?
This particular indoor ball has all the qualities that make it ideal for an indoor soccer ball. The exterior uses a soft felt material. The panels of this size 5 indoor ball are hand stitched which makes it more durable than machine stitched panels. Its bounce is not too high which sits well with the requirements of an indoor soccer ball. It is not too bouncy or light but it flies rather well when kicked. This gives the player ample control during a session. It has a comfortable texture that's pleasant to hold, for a goalkeeper and comfortable for footwork especially if the player is barefooted. Has a bright color that makes it visible during a game. Players can easily keep track of it, especially in an indoor setting.
This size five blue soccer ball is an updated classic ball with a traditional 32-panel machine stitched design and a fun, colorful look. It is a great soccer ball for training and comes with a long-lasting air retention bladder that helps reduce deflation. The Pro Trainer new soccer ball has a durable cover with counter balanced graphics. Franklin Sports is a reputable company with years of experience making the best soccer equipment, and you'll undoubtedly want to purchase one of their soccer balls if you want to train and play like a pro.
When it is about quality, these are almost same as premium match soccer balls but obviously not the same. To be exact, you can say official match soccer balls are positioning between premium match balls and training soccer balls regarding quality. That means these balls also offer an excellent level of air retention, shape, water absorption, curve, and performance. Although usually, they are not as durable as training balls but as a whole, they are very much durable.
Hi Everyone! My name is Pete (yes, I'm a real person who lives in a cornfield just outside of Buffalo, NY – well, my house is in the middle of a cornfield!). As a former collegiate athlete in Iowa, I've played varsity basketball, volleyball and soccer. I also happen to be an outdoor adventure fanatic who'll do whatever it takes to never miss my annual week-long wilderness canoe trip in the Northern Ontario wilderness. Sports equipment has come a long way over just the past few years, and I'd love to share with you the latest (and most competitively priced) products that will save you many of the frustrations I've dealt with over the years! Please feel free to cruise the site and drop me a line on the contact page if you have ideas for improvements or anything else!
When I buy a soccer ball at a local store, how do I know if I am buying a good soccer ball? Ball material information on the packaging of the balls is minimal at best. Marketing hype is hard to understand. So people are very frustrated when buying soccer balls for their clubs, teams or own use. Parents of soccer players have always asked me about what type and where to buy soccer balls for their up and coming star. "Go to the local store and pick out one that is on sale" I would tell them. The only recommendation I could make was to check out soccer balls that I previously used and knew they were good quality.
The Obsidian 5 has trademark graphics paying tribute to the USA national team. It is a prestigious soccer ball to add to your soccer equipment if you love buying anything US. The material used is 12% EVA, 13% polyester, 15% polyurethane and 60% rubber. These top-quality materials ensure great performance and excellent ball control to help improve your playing skills in the field. The material is durable enough to handle day to day use, and machine-stitched construction reduces water absorption while equally ensuring durability. It has a rubber bladder that enhances air retention and shape.
Our main intention of finding the official match balls was to help you find a solution which is good in quality, and you can use it for league plays. The process was tough we must say. Not all the replica balls have good quality. That is why we were very choosy in the process. We filtered the balls not only based on our experience but also based on the experience of other users.
Our clearance shop features equipment from all the biggest brands you know at the lowest prices available, along with flat rate shipping on all qualifying orders. Want to return or exchange anything? No problem! We offer quick, hassle-free returns. Shop soccerloco's soccer clearance section today for quality, discounted equipment that will improve your game. Don't miss out, shop today for a discount!
This is the 4th one we've ordered! This is a tough ball that glows very brightly at night and comes with an extra battery, but we haven't had to change batteries after 2 summers of playing with it. Whenever my kids brought it out during our outdoor, night-time, community concerts, all the kids wanted to play with it and tons of parents came up to get the information on where to get it. I had originally ordered it so that my son could still see the ball at the end of his fall soccer practices, since they play on a field without lights. Now it is the favorite birthday present to give to all of my kids' friends (ages 7 and 11).
Still, despite how impressive the materials used for the soccer ball are, Adidas is not done providing one of the best products available. For instance, this ball uses thermal bonding instead of either hand or machine stitching. This has the advantage of allowing the ball to fly truer as well as resisting water better. On top of that, some sellers even have balls with embedded NFC chips, which provide all kinds of valuable feedback information on you play.
Much as we are grateful to use the latest technology in our balls, you still need the right soccer ball to add to your soccer equipment. Different things need to be put into consideration including but not limited to, the level of play, material, quality, and ball size. We've taken all these into account when preparing this list of the best football balls available on the 2018 market so be sure to read on.
Bend-It is particularly proud of how this ball helps you perfect the Knuckleball movement. Now, I didn't know much about this particular soccer move but it's a skill worth acquiring! If you hit the ball just right for a Knuckleball kick, your ball will head on a (seemingly unpredictable) zigzag pattern, making it harder to block by the goalie. The Bend-It ball uses their VPM technology to help users perfect this movement during their training.
This next soccer ball is truly one of a kind! The Adidas miCoach Smart Soccer Ball uses a training tool application coupled with your Bluetooth device to optimize your training time and hone your skills. It is the most expensive of all the options here, but it also offers the most in technology and training. This is a top contender for best soccer ball, just for the technology portions alone!
The downside? They're expensive. Like, really expensive, depending on which one you get. Whether you really need one depends on your budget and how you're going to be using your ball. For example, I use official match balls for practising freekicks because they fly through the air really nicely. However, I don't use them for training because if I lose my ball I'll be set back $100-$300.
I purchased light-up-soccer ball for my grandson for his father's birthday (Brooks Bowers) who has officiated games, played games and loved soccer for many years. And I have a picture of my grandson (Kieran) smiling at the rolling lighted ball after he kicked it. I thought it a well made, worked as it arrived with batteries already installed and a wonderful gift. To my surprise my grandson at age 3 is already attending soccer camps for young children.
Premium Match Balls. These are the most expensive soccer balls that you'll find on the market today. They are FIFA-approved balls, so they meet all of the standards necessary for international play. Air retention, water-resistance, and performance are far superior when compared to a training ball. Virtually every professional league uses a ball of this quality for game play.
A Futsal ball is basically an indoor soccer ball used for playing 'Futsal', a term literally meaning 'indoor football'. Futsal is a kind of soccer played on a basketball-sized court using a smaller, heavier, less bouncy ball, and demands many of the same skills as outdoor soccer. Size-wise, FIFA-approved futsal balls are just shy of 25 inches in circumference, slightly smaller than a Size 4 soccer ball. The ball is created with less bounce to facilitate indoor play.
There are a lot of options available in the market. But before buying one, you need to ask yourself, whether you are going to use it for practice, official match, indoor playing, street playing or playing on the beach. You also need to know the actual size you need. We tried to cover all these topics including the construction of a ball so that you have the idea of the different materials that are used to make it, and which material plays what type of role in the performance of your best buddy on the ground. Hope you enjoyed reading our detail reviews and soccer ball buying guide. Now it's your turn to take the right decision.
Outside of PU and TPU, pretty much every other material used for a soccer ball's casing will be specialized for either durability or responsiveness. When it comes to synthetic leather, the focus is also exclusively on responsiveness and this is by far the most responsive material used for a soccer ball's casing. It is important to note that PU, TPU, and PVC are all often labeled as synthetic leather.
I purchased light-up-soccer ball for my grandson for his father's birthday (Brooks Bowers) who has officiated games, played games and loved soccer for many years. And I have a picture of my grandson (Kieran) smiling at the rolling lighted ball after he kicked it. I thought it a well made, worked as it arrived with batteries already installed and a wonderful gift. To my surprise my grandson at age 3 is already attending soccer camps for young children.
This is much like the kind of balls that I often buy and play with. This is a training ball, but don't let that fool you into thinking that means it is low quality. It is machine stitched, meaning it is mass-produced and has a nylon interior, making the ball last a long time as you practice and do your daily drills. It also has a butyl bladder and is polyurethane so that it will stay inflated longer. It has a really catchy green and black design and I'm sure all the kids would absolutely love to have this ball (or two) for the great price!
You can't have a soccer game without a ball and soccerloco offers a huge selection of sale priced soccer balls for practice and play. We feature themed balls from some of your favorite clubs, giving you the opportunity to show your team pride every time you hit the pitch. Remember that you don't have to sacrifice quality for cost though. We offer great deals on balls that are designed to last.
For those taking their game to the next level, it's important to train with a ball similar to what is used for your matches. Your passing, shooting and general foot skills will be different for lighter soccer balls made with a premium bladder like latex. Try out an NFHS approved ball which is used for some club, high school, and college teams. To be NFHS approved, the soccer ball needs to:
Comfort during the shot should be the number one factor to watch out when you are buying a beach soccer ball. Senda Playa offers you that comfort from its larger, and softer panels. So, you will find it very easy to shot the ball barefooted. The panels are scratch-resistant too that makes it suitable for playing on the rough sand beach. No doubt, like any other beach ball, this one also offers water-resistant cover too.


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Sunday, 31 December 2017 11:39
Explosion kills at least 18 civilians and wounds 13 more in Jalalabad, the capital of Nangarhar province.
At least 18 people have been killed in a bombing at a funeral ceremony in eastern Afghanistan, according to local media.
The blast on Sunday took place as people gathered to pay respects to a former district chief in Jalalabad, the capital of Nangarhar province, Pajhwok Afghan News reported, quoting provincial Governor Attaullah Khogyani.
The explosion left at least 13 people wounded.
Photos from the scene showed a burnt-out rickshaw and a destroyed motorcycle.
There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the attack. The Taliban denied any involvement.
An affiliate of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as ISIS) armed group is active in Nangarhar province and has attacked officials and security forces in the past.
Hamid Karzai condemns in strongest terms the murderous attack on a funeral in #Jalalabad, Nangarhar, today that killed and wounded our compatriots.Calling the attack an evil act against our religion, culture and people, former President conveyed his deepest sympathies...— Hamid Karzai (@KarzaiH) December 31, 2017
Hamid Karzai, Afghanistan's former leader condemned the attack on Twitter, calling it "an evil act".
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Joint Family or Nuclear Family ? - Essay by Preets
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Action programmes—action programmes Affordable method—setting the promotion other industries to identify best practices
should be coordinated with the resources budget at the level management thinks the and find ways to improve quality and per-
and activities of other departments, includ- company can afford. formance.
ing production, finance and purchasing.
Age and life-cycle segmentation—Dividing Benefit segmentation—Dividing the mar-
Adapted global marketing—an international a market into different age and life-cycle ket into segments according to the differ-
marketing strategy that adjusts the marketing groups. ent benefits that consumers seek from the
strategy and mix elements to each interna- product.
Agent—a wholesaler who represents buyers
tional target market, bearing more costs but
or sellers on a relatively permanent basis, Blogs—online journals where people post
hoping for a larger market share and return.
performs only a few functions and does not their thoughts, usually on a narrowly defined
Administered VMS—a vertical marketing take the goods. topic.
system that coordinates successive stages
Allowance—Promotional money paid by Brand extension—Extending an existing
of production and distribution, through the
manufacturers to retailers in return for an brand name to new product categories.
size and power of one of the parties.
agreement to feature the manufacturer's
Adoption process—The mental process products in some way. Brand—a name, term, sign, symbol, design,
through which an individual passes from or a combination of these, that identifies the
Alternative evaluation—The stage of products or services of one seller or group of
first hearing about an innovation to final
the buyer decision process in which the sellers and differentiates them from those of
consumer uses information to evaluate competitors.
Advertising agency—a marketing services alternative brands in the choice set.
firm that assists companies in planning, Brand equity—The differential effect that
Approach—a salesperson meets the cus- knowing the brand name has oncustomer
preparing, implementing and evaluating
tomer for the first time. response to the product or its marketing.
all or portions of their advertising pro-
grammes. Attitude—a person's consistently favourable Break-even analysis—analysis to determine
or unfavourable evaluations, feelings and the unit volume and euro sales needed to be
Advertising budget—The euros and other
tendencies toward an object or idea. profitable given a particular price and cost
resources allocated to a product or a com-
pany advertising programme. Baby boomers—The 78 million people born structure.
during years following the second World Break-even price—The price at which to-
Advertising media—The vehicles through
War and lasting until 1964. tal revenue equals total cost and profit is
which advertising messages are delivered to
their intended audiences. Base-point pricing—a geographical pricing zero.
strategy in which the seller designates some Break-even pricing (target return pricing)—
Advertising objective—a specific communi-
city as a base point and charges all customers setting price to break even on the costs of
cation task to be accomplished with a spe-
the freight cost from that city to the customer. making and marketing a product or setting
cific target audience during a specific period
of time. Behavioural segmentation—Dividing a price to make a target return.
market into segments based on consumer
Advertising strategy—The strategy by which Broker—a wholesaler who does not take ti-
knowledge, attitudes, uses or responses to
the company accomplishes its advertising tle to goods and whose function is to bring
a product.
objectives. It consists of two major elements: buyers and sellers together and assist in ne-
creating advertising messages and selecting Belief—a descriptive thought that a person gotiation.
advertising media. holds about something.
Budgets—Managers use budgets to project
Advertising—any paid form of non-personal Benchmarking—The process of compar- profitability and plan for each marketing
presentation and promotion of ideas, goods ing one company's products and processes programme's expenditures, scheduling and
or services by an identified sponsor. to those of competitors or leading firms in operations.
knowl. roles promotion budget to match competitors' vate salespeople. for personal consumption. demand by multiplying a base number by a Business portfolio—The collection of busi. selecting which competitors to attack or avoid. Consumer product—A product bought by for products that must be used along with a costs and market offerings. and rewards – who should do what and for outlays. marketing channel members on goals. competitive review is to identify key com- pany. Competitor-centred company—A compa- services online to final consumers. either by having lower Catalogue marketing—Direct marketing the company's objectives. Competition-based pricing—Setting prices Captive product pricing—Setting a price based on competitors' strategies. caused by postpurchase conflict. assessing to reach new business customers. rented licly available information about consumers. and buying efficiencies and better prices. prices or providing more benefits that justify through print. conviction and. reward customers and moti. their communities. ployees. which operate online only and have Complex buying behaviour—Consumer to a purchase. buying behaviour characterised by high edge. describe their market positions and commonly owned and controlled. brands. final consumers for personal consumption. ed online marketing to their operations. Cognitive dissonance—Buyer discomfort niches. Communication adaptation—A global Cannibalisation—The situation in which one communication strategy of fully adapting Consumer market—All the individuals and product sold by a company takes a portion advertising messages to local markets. briefly discuss their strategies. services for personal consumption. a large share of one or a few segments or that play a role in the purchase decision. serve cur. main product. competitors and developments in the mar- lar line and is staffed by knowledgeable em- keting environment. evalu. video or digital catalogues higher prices. Concentrated (niche) marketing—A market- established brand names of two different coverage strategy in which a firm goes after Buying centre—All the individuals and units companies on the same product. ny whose moves are mainly based on com- petitors' actions and reactions. cess by which business buyers determine Competitive marketing strategies— Causal research—Marketing research to test which products and services their organisa. such as blades for a razor and Competitive advantage—An advantage costs and profit projections for a new prod. what rewards. stimu. Buyer-readiness stages—The stages con. strategies. Business-to-consumer (B-to-C) online Click-and-mortar companies—Traditional marketing—Businesses selling goods and brick-and-mortar companies that have add. carries a very deep assortment of a particu- or supplied to others. making process. liking. Channel conflict—Disagreement among Competitive-parity method—Setting the late purchases. Business promotions—Sales promotion tools used to generate business leads. and reaction patterns. Concept testing—Testing new-product con- Buzz marketing—Cultivating opinion lead. the actual purchase. and households that buy goods and services more competitive. buyer. prices. Competitive marketing intelligence—The services for use in the production of other systematic collection and analysis of pub- Category killer—A giant speciality store that products and services that are sold. consumer involvement in a purchase and Closing—A salesperson asks the customer nally. including awareness. 659 . Chain ratio method—Estimating market vantage. no brick-and-mortar market presence. made haviour of organisations that buy goods and available in stores. pany against competitors and give the tionships. fi. nesses and products that make up the com. games for a computer game console. Strategies that strongly position the com- hypotheses about cause-and-effect rela- tions need to purchase and then find. strengths and rent customers more effectively and obtain product and its ownership closer to the final weaknesses. households that buy or acquire goods and of its sales from other company products. Internet. Commercialisation—Introducing a new behaviour of final consumers – individuals products to make the main product's price product into the market. Click-only companies—The so-called dot- sumers normally pass through on their way coms. Business-to-business (B-to-B) online mar. Consumer buyer behaviour—The buying By-product pricing—Setting a price for by. Business buying process—The decision pro. preference. Commercial online databases—Collections cepts with a group of target consumers to ers and getting them to spread information of information available from online find out if the concepts have strong con- about a product or a service to others in commercial sources or accessible via the sumer appeal. significant perceived differences among for an order. over competitors gained by offering great- uct to find out whether these factors satisfy er customer value. Competitor analysis—The process of keting—Businesses using online marketing Channel level—A layer of intermediaries identifying key competitors. ate and choose among alternative suppliers company the strongest possible strategic ad- and brands. Chain stores—Two or more outlets that are petitors. Business buyer behaviour—The buying be. or presented online.Glossary Business analysis—A review of the sales. that performs some work in bringing the their objectives. Buyers—People in an organisation's buying Co-branding—The practice of using the centre who make an actual purchase. that are mailed to select customers. Competitive review—The purpose of a chain of adjusting percentages.
Culture—The set of basic values. ing relationships in which customers. powered by today's new digital technologies. customer-value-building marketing invest- Convenience product—A consumer prod. the public at large – into the new-product tomer problems and create more customer- innovation process. rather than on the seller's cost. number of units the market will buy in a giv- imise its own profits. Consumer-to-consumer (C-to-C) online marketing—Online exchanges of goods and Cultural environment—Institutions and Customer-managed relationships—Market- information between final consumers. customer would make over a lifetime of Demands—Human wants that are backed by signed to build customer goodwill. products directly. lection of comprehensive data about indi. em- perceptions. employees. located Customer equity—The total combined cus- tomer lifetime values of all of the company's Decline stage—The PLC stage in which a near a residential area. learn about their ties of people – customers. opment—New-product development that offers and initiate purchases. at different prices that might Customer lifetime value—The value of profits for the system as a whole. Contract manufacturing—A joint venture in interact with companies and with each other which a company contracts with manufac. Creative concept—The compelling 'big Customer-centred company—A company keting activities from the consumer's point idea' that will bring the advertising mes. wholesalers and retail. satisfying experiences. sometimes pendent scientists and researchers and even focuses on finding new ways to solve cus- even driving transaction terms. centre who have formal or informal power and buying effort. wants and behaviours learned by a uct or provide a service. uct that customers usually buy frequently. to shape their relationships with brands. psychographic Deciders—People in an organisation's buying immediately and with minimal comparison and behavioural data. and satisfaction. ciple of sustainable marketing that holds a company should view and organise its mar. Customer-centred new-product devel- sumers search out sellers. Cost-based pricing—Setting prices based Customer value analysis—An analysis con- on the costs for producing. vidual customers or prospects. that is open long customers. to select or approve the final suppliers. tem that combines successive stages of changes created by consumers themselves – production and distribution under single Customer satisfaction—The extent to which both invited and uninvited – by which ownership – channel leadership is estab. the rights and power of buyers in relation to sellers. product's sales decline. channel consisting of one or more inde. member of society from family and other Customer-perceived value—The customer's important institutions. from marketing information that become pendent producers. Convenience store—A small store. that focuses on customer developments in of view. maintaining profitable customer relation- term customer relationships. levels of production and distribution join to. the basis for creating customer value and Demand curve—A curve that shows the ers. percep. 660 . be charged. the entire stream of purchases that the Corporate (brand) website—A website de. Cost-plus pricing (or mark-up pricing)— Customer value-based pricing—Setting A standard mark-up to the cost of the price based on buyers' perceptions of value Consumer-oriented marketing—A prin- product. Customer database—An organised col. Consumer-to-business (C-to-B) online marketing—Online exchanges in which con. inde. other forces that affect society's basic values. demographic. distributing and ducted to determine what benefits target Consumerism—An organised movement of selling the product plus a fair rate of return customers value and how they rate the rela- citizens and government agencies to improve for effort and risk. sage strategy to life in a distinctive and designing its marketing strategies and deliv- memorable way. ships by delivering superior customer value Corporate VMS—A vertical marketing sys- Consumer-generated marketing—Brand ex. Crowdsourcing—Inviting broad communi. buying power. tions. tive value of various competitors' offers. ments. even at the expense of en time period. turers in a foreign market to produce a prod. hours seven days a week and carries a limit- ed line of high-turnover convenience goods. Deficient products—Products that have Customer insights—Fresh understandings neither immediate appeal nor long-term Conventional distribution channel—A of customers and the marketplace derived benefits. A sales force organisation in which salespeople gether through contracts. ering superior value to its target customers. shaping their own brand experiences and those of other consumers. Glossary Consumer promotions—Sales promotion customer feedback and supplement other Customer relationship management tools used to boost short-term customer sales channels rather than sell the company's (CRM)— The overall process of building and buying and involvement or enhance long. relationships. a product's perceived performance matches consumers are playing an increasing role in lished through common ownership. each a separate business seeking to max. including geographic. of sustainable marketing that holds a com- Contribution margin—The unit contribu- pany should put most of its resources into tion divided by the selling price. collect patronage. specialise in selling only to certain customers Customer-value marketing—A principle or industries. evaluation of the difference between all the Contractual VMS—A vertical marketing sys- benefits and all the costs of a marketing offer tem in which independent firms at different Customer (or market) sales force structure— relative to those of competing offers. a buyer's expectations. preferences and behaviours.
Downsizing—Reducing the business portfo- Desirable products—Products that give lio by eliminating products or business units Experimental research—Gathering pri- both high immediate satisfaction and high that are not profitable or that no longer fit mary data by selecting matched groups of long-term benefits. generation and nationality. the regulation of international trade. Direct marketing channel—A marketing Fad—A temporary period of unusually high Environmentalism—An organised move- channel that has no intermediary levels. current and future living environment. freight from the factory to the destination. style. Differentiated (segmented) marketing—A controlling related factors and checking for Dynamic pricing—Adjusting prices continu- market-coverage strategy in which a firm differences in group responses. service 661 . side the company's current products and drop in the average per-unit production tial for a product or the demographics and markets. observers to watch and interact with con. highly auto. race. Exchange—The act of obtaining a desired market into segments based on variables er volume. includ- Ethnographic research—A form of observa. tronic connections between buyers and Fixed costs—Costs that do not vary with pro- Direct-response television (DRTV) market. situ. recommendations and points Derived demand—Business demand that from various plants and suppliers. Fashion—A currently accepted or popular minder or other item to a person at a par. object from someone by offering something such as age. tion experience. ing—Direct marketing via television. keting plan summarises and overviews the merchandisers. intermediaries. gender. fill them efficiently and deliver goods prove the marketing plan. traditional resellers by radical new types of tribute the company's products in their ter- tions in terms of size. such as the market poten. gather preliminary information that will help Economic community—A group of nations Differentiation—Differentiating the market define problems and suggest hypotheses. cost that comes with accumulated produc- attitudes of consumers. spending patterns. tone. Descriptive research—Marketing research Diversification—Company growth through to better describe marketing problems. E-procurement—Purchasing through elec- ticular physical or virtual address. style in a given field. family life in return. ritories. giving them different treatments. convenience. to customers as quickly as possible. discontinued or economy that the planet can support indefi- tivate lasting customer relationships. Dissonance-reducing buying behaviour— Execution style—The approach. density. location. sales driven by consumer enthusiasm and ment of concerned citizens and government immediate product or brand popularity. Factory outlet—An off-price retailing op- Direct marketing—Direct connections with eration that is owned and operated by a Environmental sustainability—Developing carefully targeted individual consumers to manufacturer and normally carries the strategies and practices that create a world both obtain an immediate response and cul. manufacturer's surplus. Exploratory research—Marketing research to and designs separate offers for each. For management demand for consumer goods. ally to meet the characteristics and needs of decides to target several market segments individual customers and situations. or service producers or the displacement of number of dealers the exclusive right to dis- Demography—The study of human popula. subjects. Exporting—Entering a foreign market by Direct investment—Entering a foreign mar. Disintermediation—The cutting out of mar- cycle. Executive summary—This section of a mar- department managed by specialist buyers or Distribution centre—A large. organised to work toward common goals in offering to create superior customer value. a table of contents usually fol- lows this section. mated warehouse designed to receive goods main goals. education. announcement. purchases during a stated period of time or Event marketing (or event sponsorships)— Focus group interviewing—Personal inter- of larger quantities. age. interviewer to talk about a product. Department store—A retail organisation Consumer buying behaviour in situations words and format used for executing an ad- that carries a wide variety of product characterised by high involvement but few vertising message. for senior managers who will read and ap- ultimately comes from (derives from) the ders. Creating a brand-marketing event or serving viewing that involves inviting six to ten peo- Discount store—A retail operation that sells as a sole or participating sponsor of events ple to gather for a few hours with a trained standard merchandise at lower prices by created by others. the customer pays the Discount—A straight reduction in price on sumers in their 'natural environments'. irregular goods. FOB-origin pricing—A geographical pric- ing direct-response television advertising (or tional research that involves sending trained ing strategy in which goods are placed free infomercials) and home shopping channels. take or. re. on board a carrier. occupation and other statistics. reli- keting channel intermediaries by product Exclusive distribution—Giving a limited gion. family size. sellers – usually online. duction or sales level. lines – each line is operated as a separate perceived differences among brands. that affect consumer purchasing power and or manufacturing facilities. selling goods produced in a company's Economic environment—Economic factors ket by developing foreign-based assembly home country. the company's overall strategy. gender. income. Experience curve (learning curve)—The ations or markets. occupation. nitely. race. starting up or acquiring businesses out. often with little modification. Direct-mail marketing—Direct marketing agencies to protect and improve people's by sending an offer.Glossary Demographic segmentation—Dividing the accepting lower margins and selling at high.
called a franchisor. such retail corporation. counties. Group—Two or more people who interact to Innovative marketing—A principle of sustain- accomplish individual or mutual goals. performance of the entire distribution system. different countries. of net sales remaining after cost of goods consumer may simply have heightened at- sold – calculated by dividing gross margin tention or may go into an active information Following up—A salesperson follows up af- by net sales. 662 . Information search—The stage of the buyer a new product is first distributed and made ment. sion. employees in the fine art of interacting with Income segmentation—Dividing a market customers to satisfy their needs. search. links several product's sales start climbing quickly. segmentation)—Forming segments of con- price retailer that is either independently sumers who have similar needs and buying Geographic segmentation—Dividing a mar. and preferences of individual customers – tained from data sources within the com- Global firm—A firm that. Horizontal marketing system—A channel Integrated marketing communications Gatekeepers—People in an organisation's arrangement in which two or more com. they often help define specifications around the world to each other and an and also provide information for evaluating amazingly large information repository. competitors. Interactive marketing—Training service quantity of a needed item. method that evaluates a company's SBUs in Franchise—A contractual association be. Intermodal transportation—Combining even neighbourhoods. business from their offices via telephone. gains R&D. the Growth-share matrix—A portfolio-planning cess. decision process in which the consumer is available for purchase. nursing homes. by operating also called one-to-one marketing. channels to deliver a clear. ter the sale to ensure customer satisfaction and repeat business. taining one or more intermediary levels. into different segments based on gender. Intensive distribution—Stocking the prod- General need description—The stage in the Idea screening—Screening new-product uct in as many outlets as possible. business buying process in which a buyer ideas to spot good ideas and drop poor ones describes the general characteristics and as soon as possible. The interviewer 'focuses' the Gross margin percentage—The percentage aroused to search for more information. able marketing that requires a company to seek Franchise organisation—A contractual ver- real product and marketing improvements. in more than one country. perceived brand differences. networks that connects users of all types a fair price. desired business. prisons and other institu- organisation (a franchisor) and independent tions that provide goods and services to Habitual buying behaviour—Consumer businesspeople (franchisees) who buy the people in their care. cities or Indirect marketing channel—Channel con. (IMC)—Carefully integrating and coordinat- buying centre who control the flow of infor. Generation X—The 45 million people born into different income segments. Good-value pricing—Offering the right Influencers—People in an organisation's Internet—A vast public web of computer combination of quality and good service at buying centre who affect the buying deci. owned and run or is a division of a larger behaviour even though they are located in ket into different geographical units. Glossary or organisation. tical marketing system in which a channel Growth stage—The PLC stage in which a member. Geographical pricing—Setting prices for Individual marketing—Tailoring products Internal databases—Electronic collections customers located in different parts of the and marketing programmes to the needs of consumer and market information ob- country or world. between 1965 and 1976 in the 'birth dearth' Intermarket segmentation (cross-market following the baby boom. new-product ideas. wholesaler or service market share. regions. panies at one level join together to follow a ing the company's many communications mation to others. the group discussion on important issues. Independent off-price retailer—An off. hospitals. consistent and compelling message about an organisation Gender segmentation—Dividing a market Idea generation—The systematic search for and its products. provide customer satisfaction. marketing and markets-of-one marketing. terms of its market growth rate and relative Institutional market—Schools. Inside sales force—Salespeople who conduct stages in the production-distribution pro. buying behaviour characterised by low- right to own and operate one or more units consumer involvement and few significantly Integrated logistics management—The logis- in the franchise system. clarifies and overcomes any customer ing channel organisations – to maximise the all or part of the freight charges to get the objections to buying. Internet or visits from prospective buyers. new marketing opportunity. as nations. marketing and financial Internal marketing—Orienting and motivat- Industrial product—A product bought by ing customer contact employees and sup- advantages in its costs and reputation individuals and organisations for further pro. tics concept that emphasises teamwork – both Freight-absorption pricing—A geographical Handling objections—A salesperson seeks inside the company and among all the market- pricing strategy in which the seller absorbs out. that purchase or rent goods and services for Introduction stage—The PLC stage in which carrying out the main functions of govern. customised pany network. tween a manufacturer. Government market—Governmental units alternatives. states. production. two or more modes of transportation. porting service people to work as a team to that are not available to purely domestic cessing or for use in conducting a business.
the domestic firm that the firm blends to produce the response strategies. an industry. of target markets and delivering the desired Joint venturing—Entering foreign markets satisfactions better than competitors do. the company to promote. implementing and market sales. Market penetration—Company growth by Lifestyle—A person's pattern of living as ex. company offers than to the benefits and ex- available for use or consumption by the con- selves rather than through independent periences produced by these products. and helping decision makers to Local marketing—Tailoring brands and pro- of marketing efforts. Marketing control—Measuring and evaluat- duce or market a product or a service. that the objectives are achieved. political and cultural forces. Marketing mix—The set of tactical marketing pays balanced attention to both customers agement know-how to a foreign company tools – product. market. products. a company joins investors in a foreign ments for current company products. actions to accomplish strategic marketing product. reaching consumers with more engaging Marketing management—The art and sci- Market—The set of all actual and potential messages. turns over or is sold during a specified time the marketing strategies and detailed action Marketing channel management—Selecting. wholesalers. Marketing logistics (or physical logical. ing profitable relationships with them. interests and keting strategies and plans into marketing rent market segments without changing the opinions. natural. managing and motivating individual channel on costs. Marketing intermediaries—Firms that help ferent needs. overlook or ignore. fective marketing channels by analysing fighting hard to increase its market share in geography.Glossary Inventory turnover rate (or stockturn Market description—Describes the targeted identifying major channel alternatives and rate)—The number of times an inventory segments in detail and provides context for evaluating those alternatives. place and promotion – and competitors in designing its marketing that supplies the capital. objectives. use the information to generate and validate motions to the needs and wants of local cus- actionable customer and market insights. selling price. or units. forces that affect the microenvironment – marketing programmes. information or experiences an agreement with a licensee in a foreign management's ability to build and maintain offered to a market to satisfy a need or want. Marketing organisation—The marketing Marketing channel design—Designing ef- Market challenger—A runner-up firm that is department may be organised by function. Market development—Company growth by members and evaluating their performance Joint ownership—A joint venture in which identifying and developing new market seg. setting channel objectives. characteristics or behaviours. developing the needed in- who respond in a similar way to a given set formation. sell and distribute Macroenvironment—The larger societal and who might require separate products or its goods to final buyers. colours. ence of choosing target markets and build- buyers of a product or service. out rocking the boat. Management contracting—A joint venture Market-centred company—A company that in which a domestic firm supplies the man. People and procedures for assessing infor- egory. Marketing implementation—Turning mar- increasing sales of current products to cur- pressed in his or her activities. demographic. Licensing—A method of entering a foreign Marketing environment—The actors and Market offerings—Some combination of market in which a company enters into forces outside marketing that affect marketing products. ing the results of marketing strategies and Market nicher—A firm that serves small seg- Learning—Changes in an individual's behav. Market leader—The firm in an industry with by joining with foreign companies to pro- the largest market share. into distinct groups of buyers who have dif. price. Line extension—Extending an existing brand Market potential—The upper limit of mar- name to new forms. exports management services rather than it wants in the target market. Market segment—A group of consumers mation needs. ingredi. Marketing concept—A philosophy that market to create a local business in which Market follower—A runner-up firm that holds that achieving organisational goals a company shares joint ownership and wants to hold its share in an industry with. product or customer (or some customer needs. Market share—Company sales divided by distribution)—Planning. plans and taking corrective action to ensure ments that the other firms in an industry iour arising from experience. over time. Marketing information system (MIS)— ket demand. the clutter and create new avenues for selecting one or more segments to enter. successful relationships with target customers. depends on knowing the needs and wants control. Marketing channel (or distribution Marketing myopia—The mistake of paying channel)—A set of interdependent organi- Manufacturers' sales branches and offices— more attention to the specific products a sations that help make a product or service Wholesaling by sellers or buyers them. sumer or business user. ents or flavours of an existing product cat. neighbourhoods Market segmentation—Dividing a market and even specific stores. sizes. services. 663 . economic. controlling the physical flow of materials. tomer segments – cities. period (often one year) – calculated based programmes. Madison & Vine—A term that has come to final goods and related information from represent the merging of advertising and Market targeting—The process of evaluating points of origin to points of consumption to entertainment in an effort to break through each market segment's attractiveness and meet customer requirements at a profit. techno. combination thereof).
sales. ucts and services and build customer rela- Market-skimming pricing (price skimming)— trolled by marketing. Marketing—The process by which compa. the company that affect its ability to serve its customers – the company. born be- calculated by dividing net marketing contri. online focus groups. Web-based experiments Market-penetration pricing—Setting a low price for a new product to attract a large Net marketing contribution (NMC)—A or tracking consumers' online behaviour. Marketing return on sales (or marketing ganisation's purpose – what it wants to ac- ROS)—The percent of net sales attributable complish in the larger environment. analysis and reporting of data rel. atmospheres and events. Off-price retailer—A retailer that buys at ing an initial marketing strategy for a new less-than-regular wholesale prices and sells Motive (drive)—A need that is sufficiently product based on the product concept. sites or even virtual worlds – where people Mark-up—The difference between a com. value from customers in return. Online marketing—Efforts to market prod- cludes only components of profitability con. personality or other characteris- Microenvironment—The actors close to Non-personal communication channels— tics. Micromarketing—Tailoring products and Objective-and-task method—Developing collection. online classifieds and other forms. search-related up two or more marketing channels to reach Marketing website—A website that engages one or more customer segments. Operating ratios—The ratios of selected op- ment of original products. to manufacture or purchase it. number of buyers and a large market share. Web. in which the con- strong customer relationships to capture Online marketing research—Collecting pri- sumer recognises a problem or need. each sales euro going to profit – calculated munities – blogs. Occasion segmentation—Dividing the market to the net marketing contribution – calcu. Media that carry messages without personal Opportunities—Opportunities are external keting intermediaries. ence group who. promotion objectives. measure of marketing profitability that in. at less than retail. actions Mission statement—A statement of the or- and situations. pliers. (2) determining the an organisation. Examples are factory out- pressing to direct the person to seek satis- Marketing strategy—The marketing logic faction of the need. prices. mar. product improve. ads. which the buyer purchases a product or ser. nies create value for customers and build buyer decision process. knowledge. the compa. including display ads. calculated by dividing total expenses by net vice for the first time. suppliers. customer markets. It includes local marketing tasks needed to achieve these objectives and and individual marketing. New-product development—The develop. organisation and gain qualitative insights Need recognition—The first stage of the about consumer attitudes and behaviour. ploit to its advantage. because of special skills. consumers in interactions that will move Online focus groups—Gathering a small Natural environment—Natural resources them closer to a direct purchase or other group of people online with a trained mod- that are needed as inputs by marketers or marketing outcome. independents and warehouse clubs. 664 . productivity of a marketing investment – lion children of the baby boomers. Glossary Marketing research—The systematic design. by which the company hopes to create cus. Merchant wholesaler—An independently owned wholesale business that takes title to ments. tween 1977 and 2000. new. Setting a high price for a new product to skim maximum revenues layer by layer from the seg. data by observing relevant people. elements that a company may be able to ex- competitors and publics. The sum of these costs is the proposed keting ROI)—A measure of the marketing Millennials (or Generation Y)—The 83 mil- promotion budget. by dividing net profits by net sales. Needs—States of felt deprivation. purchase or use the purchased item. marketing programmes to the needs and the promotion budget by (1) defining specific evant to a specific marketing situation facing wants of specific individuals and local cus. tionships over the Internet. product modifications and new Opinion leader—A person within a refer- the merchandise it handles. contact or feedback. erating statement items to net sales. service or that are affected by marketing activities. Operating expense percentage—The portion Mark-up chain—The sequence of mark-ups New task—A business buying situation in of net sales going to operating e xpenses – used by firms at each level in a channel. exerts social influence on others. New product—A good. Observational research—Gathering primary bution by marketing expenses. social networking web- ny makes fewer but more profitable sales. actually make their ation in which the buyer wants to modify by net sales. tomer segments. Net profit percentage—The percentage of Online social networks—Online social com- ments willing to pay the high price. service or idea that socialise or exchange information and pany's selling price for a product and its cost is perceived by some potential customers as opinions. erator to chat about a product. into segments according to occasions when Modified rebuy—A business buying situ- lated by dividing net marketing contribution buyers get the idea to buy. terms or sup- Marketing strategy development—Design. lets. Online advertising—Advertising that ap- Multi-channel distribution system—A dis- tomer value and achieve profitable customer pears while consumers are browsing the tribution system in which a single firm sets relationships. (3) estimating the costs of performing these Marketing return on investment (or mar- tasks. velopment efforts. product specifications. mary data online through Internet surveys. including major media. Maturity stage—The PLC stage in which a product's sales growth slows or levels off. brands through the firm's own product de.
Personal communication channels—Chan. on the phone. 665 . business buying process in which the buying Political environment—Laws. energy to making continuous product im- main product. product or brand during a spe. introduction. form a meaningful picture of the world. customer evaluations of different fea- bring greater value to customers. or e-mail. nels through which two or more people Pro forma (or projected) profit-and-loss statement (or income statement or oper. performance and features and that sumption that might satisfy a want or need. use or con- businesses that make up the company. in the company recognises a problem or Product sales force structure—A sales force acteristics that distinguish a person or group. price. eral products and offering the bundle at a best technical product characteristics for a uals in a given society. acquisition. ing sales and building customer relation. organisation decides on and specifies the and limit various organisations and individ. via mail ating statement)—A statement that shows projected revenues less budgeted expenses satisfy stated or implied customer needs. organise and interpret information to price ranges. expected time of de. relative to competing products in the minds Product invention—Creating new products livery. the business buying process in which the product concept into a physical product to buyer writes the final order with the chosen Positioning—Arranging for a product to oc. pany's products. modify or drop the fined by consumers on important attributes – arrangement. Positioning built on or services. type of customer. tomer groups. maturity and buyer decision process in which consum- producing the container or wrapper for a decline. sumers in the long term. Product mix (or product portfolio)—The set Price—The amount of money charged for a Performance review—The stage of the busi. Product position—The way the product is de- and decides to continue. marises the main features for all of a com- the firm's sales force for the purpose of mak. need that can be met by acquiring a good organisation in which salespeople specialise or a service. Product adaptation—Adapting a product products or lines. quantity needed. cupy a clear. Product—Anything that can be offered to a management evaluates the products and ers will favour products that offer the most market for attention. Product quality—The characteristics of a communicate directly with each other. of all product lines and items that a particu- product or a service. are sold to the same cus- age of the unit sales price. return policies and warranties. in selling only a portion of the company's Pleasing products—Products that give high immediate satisfaction but may hurt con. need) our (brand) is (concept) that (point of Order-routine specification—The stage of Product development—Developing the difference). ucts. government agencies and pressure groups that influence Product bundle pricing—Combining sev. ing. pany's offer solves the customer's problems. of target consumers. growth. in. the sum of the values ness buying process in which the buyer lar seller offers for sale. tions. between various products in a product line closely with partners in other company de. It in the field. Pre-approaching—A salesperson learns as based on cost differences between the prod- partments and outside the company to jointly much as possible about a prospective cus. quality. or even through an Internet 'chat'. Portfolio analysis—The process by which Product concept—The idea that consum.Glossary Optional product pricing—The pricing of Positioning statement—A statement that the organisation should therefore devote its optional or accessory products along with a summarises company or brand position. Primary data—Information collected for the the place the product occupies in consumers' specific purpose at hand. that customers exchange for the benefits of assesses the performance of the supplier having or using the product or service. or fall within given of the sensitivity of demand to changes in select. and estimates the projected net profit for an Product review—The product review sum- Personal selling—Personal presentation by organisation. minds relative to competing products. product introduction. similar manner. cific planning period. product or service that bear on its ability to cluding face to face. reduced price. Postpurchase behaviour—The stage of the involves five distinct stages: product devel- Packaging—The activities of designing and opment. listing the technical specifica. to meet local conditions or wants in foreign Product specification—The stage of the markets. organised by product line. tures and competitors' prices. are marketed through the Price elasticity of demand—A measure Perception—The process by which people same types of outlets. market and/or order of Problem recognition—The first stage of the ships. can Product life cycle (PLC)—The course of a Salespeople who travel to call on customers help a company build competitive advantage. tomer before making a sales call. ers take further action after purchase based product. product's sales and profits over its lifetime. closely related because they function in a current or forecasted sales or as a percent. Percentage-of-sales method—Setting the Presenting—A salesperson tells the 'value Product line—A group of products that are promotion budget at a certain percentage of story' to the buyer. distinctive and desirable place into a workable market offering. supported by ap- Outside sales force (or field sales force)— propriate strategy and implementation. meaningful differentiation. showing how the com. typically a year. on their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with a Product line pricing—Setting the price steps Partner relationship management—Working purchase. ensure that the product idea can be turned supplier(s). business buying process in which someone Personality—The unique psychological char. needed item. It takes this form: To (target segment and provements.
communicating. 666 . lected for marketing research to represent growth opportunities through market pen. selling. its product categories. plan- stored for later sale or use. Sales force management—Analysing. where and how. return on advertising investment divided by approaching. implementing and controlling sales economics. non-business use. thing. long term. exists somewhere. and handling or heading off airlines. and sometimes Return on investment (ROI) pricing (or lowing up. not simply the ning. cannot be separated from their providers. service at two or more prices. colleges and many others. Glossary Product/market expansion grid—A portfo. ies who are willing to carry the company's statement that shows actual revenues less tives being considered. tasted. may vary greatly depending on who pro- Public—Any group that has an actual or po- vides them and when. sales should be divided among the compa.0 technologies to seen. typically a year. even below cost. tential interest in or impact on an organisa. having been collected for Production concept—The idea that con. infor. felt. lifestyle or personality charac. Secondary data—Information that already velopment or diversification. service firm profits with employee and cus- Sales promotion—Short-term incentives to tomer satisfaction. which include pros- Return on advertising investment—The net tomer relationships. to increase short-term sales. keting ROI)—The net return from a market- Service inseparability—Services are pro- Prospecting—A salesperson or company ing investment divided by the costs of the duced and consumed at the same time and identifies qualified potential customers. market development. and does not result in the ownership of any- calls for spending a lot on consumer ad- mation gathering and relationship building. Selling concept—The idea that consumers period. offered for sale that is essentially intangible Pull strategy—A promotion strategy that ing. Salutary products—Products that have low Share of customer—The portion of the cus- creating a demand vacuum that 'pulls' a appeal but may benefit consumers in the tomer's purchasing that a company gets in product through the channel. building up a good line is actually a service. Selective distribution—The use of more Profit-and-loss statement (or income Relevant costs—Costs that will occur in the than one but fewer than all the intermediar- statement or operating statement)—A future and that will vary across the alterna. marily from retailing. handling objections. products. Salesperson—An individual representing a tion's ability to achieve its objectives. target-return pricing)—A cost-based pricing Sense-of-mission marketing—A principle of Proposal solicitation—The stage of the method that determines price based on a sustainable marketing that holds a company business buying process in which the specified rate of return on investment. Service variability—The quality of services ny's products. Psychographic segmentation—Dividing Sales 2. proposals. Service profit chain—The chain that links the product. will not buy enough of the firm's products unless it undertakes a large-scale selling and Promotion mix (or marketing communica. A producer promotes a particular product to another purpose. improve sales force effectiveness and they are bought. pecting and qualifying. given product. ing. motion to push a product through channels.0—The merging of innovative sales Service intangibility—Services cannot be a market into different segments based on practices with Web 2. who in turn promote it to Segmented pricing—Selling a product or available and highly affordable and that final consumers. heard or smelled before social class. marketing investment. the price says something about force activities. banks. ers the psychology of prices. Push strategy—A promotion strategy that etration. company to customers by performing one Service—An activity. tions mix)—The specific blend of promotion ing goods or services directly to final con- tools that the company uses to persuasively sumers for their personal. benefit or satisfaction or more of the following activities: prospect. expenses and net profit for an organisation. servicing. Selling process—The steps that salespeople communicate customer value and build cus. Service retailer—A retailer whose product ing favourable publicity. teristics. follow when selling. Public relations (PR)—Building good relations encourage the purchase or sale of a product with the company's various publics by obtain. the population as a whole. including hotels. or a service. Purchase decision—The buyer's decision Sample—A segment of the population se- lio-planning tool for identifying company about which brand to purchase. stories and events. should define its mission in broad social buyer invites qualified suppliers to submit Return on marketing investment (or mar. presenting and demonstrat- Promotional pricing—Temporarily pricing the costs of the advertising investment. Sales quota—A standard that states the corporate image. efficiency. product or brand during a specific planning Retailer—A business whose sales come pri. Retailing—All the activities involved in sell- promotion effort. terms rather than narrow product terms. closing and fol- products below the list price. product de- calls for using the sales force and trade pro. vertising and promotion to induce final consumers to buy a particular product. efficiency. where the dif- the organisation should therefore focus Reference prices—Prices that buyers carry in ference in prices is not based on differences on improving production and distribution their minds and refer to when they look at a in costs. Service perishability—Services cannot be Psychological pricing—Pricing that consid. sumers will favour products that are channel members. pre-approaching. amount a salesperson should sell and how unfavourable rumours.
weaknesses (W). Total market demand—The total volume created and owned by a reseller of a prod- vironmentally responsible marketing that that would be bought by a defined consumer uct or service. under a defined level and mix change. arate decisions involved in a complex buying Strategic planning—The process of develop- situation. ment of routinely purchased food products. consumers' long-run interests and supply of products and materials for use in Territorial sales force structure—A sales force society's long-run interests. re- Standardised global marketing—An inter. self-service store that carries which various company departments work Societal marketing concept—The idea that a wide variety of grocery and household closely together. to service large. Team selling—Using teams of people from iours. usually compares on its changing marketing opportunities. devel. share similar values. in the process of select. quality. find the best vendors. Strategic group—A group of firms in an Systems selling (or solutions selling)— Shopping centre—A group of retail busi. Shopping product—A consumer product ing and maintaining a strategic fit between that the customer. Strengths—Strengths are internal capabili- ties that can help a company reach its ob. thus avoiding all the sep- oped. Test marketing—The stage of new-product uct with unique characteristics or brand development in which the product and its Supplier selection—The stage of the business proposed marketing programme are tested identification for which a significant group of buying process in which the buyer reviews in realistic market settings. organisation that assigns each salesperson to Spam—Unsolicited. e-mail messages. price will ensure that the price is met. in a defined marketing a product in a foreign market without any ing the ability of future generations to meet environment. opportunities (O) and threats (T). Store brand (or private brand)—A brand Sustainable marketing—Socially and en. Technological environment—Forces that consumers and society. Threats—Threats are current or emerging national marketing strategy that basically external elements that could potentially Survey research—Gathering primary data challenge a company's performance. effort. in a defined geographic area. dependent logistics provider that performs Speciality store—A retail store that carries a stream and downstream value-added flows any or all of the functions required to get a narrow product line with a deep assortment of materials. designed to influence individuals' behaviour ences and situations. Target market—A set of buyers sharing com- Social class—Relatively permanent and or. preferences and buy- markets. industry following the same or a similar Buying a packaged solution to a problem nesses built on a site that is planned. An approach to developing new products in society. uct and market opportunities. the company. final goods and related infor.Glossary Shopper marketing—Using in-store promo. complex accounts. to ensure an appropriate and dependable ments. Third-party logistics (3PL) provider—An in- Supply chain management—Managing up. create new technologies. mon needs or characteristics that the com- dered divisions in a society whose members pany decides to serve. jectives. Telephone marketing—Using the telephone make marketing decisions by considering opment of networks of supplier-partners to sell directly to customers. unwanted commercial an exclusive geographic territory in which Supplier search—The stage of the business that salesperson sells the company's full line. Straight rebuy—A business buying situation SWOT analysis—An overall evaluation of the tions and advertising to extend brand equity in which the buyer routinely reorders some. within that line. the organisation's goals and capabilities and Target costing—Pricing that starts with an ing and purchasing. high-volume. engineering. sellers and final consumers. overlapping the steps in the a company's marketing decisions should products. tech- Social marketing—The use of commercial Subculture—A group of people with shared nical support and even upper management marketing concepts and tools in programmes value systems based on common life experi. the company's Superstore—A store much larger than a reg. strategy. buying process in which the buyer tries to Speciality product—A consumer prod. interests and behav. owned and managed as a unit. able marketing that holds a company should Supplier development—Systematic devel. defined time period. product development process to save time consider consumers' wants. uses the same marketing strategy and by asking people questions about their mix in all of a company's international Total costs—The sum of the fixed and vari- knowledge. low-cost. consumers' wants. low-margin. the company's require. and the long-term interests of ular supermarket that offers a large assort. mation among suppliers. sales. non-food items and services. from a single seller. attitudes. of industry marketing effort. buyers is willing to make a special purchase proposals and selects a supplier or suppliers. finance. able costs for any given level of production. to 'the last mile' and encourage favourable thing without any modifications. marketing. requirements. making products or reselling them to others. ing behaviour. in-store purchase decisions. and style. ideal selling price and then targets costs that such attributes as suitability. 667 . their needs. client's product to market. and increase effectiveness. Style—A basic and distinctive mode of ex- pression. in a Straight product extension—Marketing businesses while also preserving or enhanc. Team-based new-product development— to improve their well-being and that of Supermarket—A large. meets the present needs of consumers and group. company's strengths (S). creating new prod- Societal marketing—A principle of sustain.
Wholesaler—A firm engaged primarily in Unsought product—A consumer product bution channel structure in which produc. required and the time available for selling. sonality. higher-service operations. give it shelf space. Whole-channel view—Designing interna- Variety-seeking buying behaviour—Con. deliver and sup. that the consumer either does not know ers. to design. for resale or business use. want to pass them along to friends. or has so much Users—Members of the buying organisation power that they all cooperate. the higher the price. ultimately. customers. are shaped by culture and individual per. distribu. market. A market-coverage strategy in which a ate a company's offers and charging higher Wheel-of-retailing concept—A concept firm decides to ignore market segment prices. brand – the full mix of benefits on which it members who pay annual membership fees. combination of quality and good service at operations but later evolve into higher- Uniform-delivered pricing—A geographi. posed of the company. Weaknesses—Weaknesses are internal ele- and push it to consumers. who will actually use the purchased product Word-of-mouth influence—Personal com- Viral marketing—The Internet version of or service. the more distant the cery items. Value chain—The series of internal depart. produce. selling goods and services to those buying ers. low-status with one offer. costs. ability to achieve its objectives. Workload method—An approach to deter- port a firm's products. wholesaling activities. mining sales force size based on the workload Wants—The form human needs take as they Value delivery network—A network com. family ments that carry out value-creating activities that are so infectious that customers will members and associates. friends. the level of production. low-price. zone. promote it in advertising is positioned. eventu- cal pricing strategy in which the company ally becoming like the conventional retailers Variable costs—Costs that vary directly with charges the same price plus freight to all they replaced. delivery network. that states that new types of retailers usually differences and go after the whole market Value-based pricing—Offering just the right begin as low-margin. wholesalers and retailers act as a unified about or knows about but does not normally Wholesaling—All the activities involved in system. Glossary Trade promotions—Sales promotion tools Value proposition—The full positioning of a podge of other goods at deep discounts to used to persuade resellers to carry a brand. 668 . forging an effective global value the difference between price and variable perceived brand differences. a fair price. tional channels that take into account the Unit contribution—The amount that each sumer buying behaviour characterised by entire global supply chain and marketing unit contributes to covering fixed costs – low consumer involvement but significant channel. munications about a product between tar- word-of-mouth marketing: websites. All customers within a zone pay sells a limited selection of brand name gro- of the entire system in delivering customer the same total price. Zone pricing—A geographical pricing strat- tors and. suppliers. ments that may interfere with a company's Undifferentiated (mass) marketing— added features and services to differenti. clothing and a hodge- value. customers who 'partner' egy in which the company sets up two or Warehouse club—An off-price retailer that with each other to improve the performance more zones. priced. One channel member owns the oth- consider buying. Value-added pricing—Attaching value. e-mail messages or other marketing events get buyers and neighbours. Vertical marketing system (VMS)—A distri. videos. regardless of their location. appliances. has contracts with them.


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Faculty/Trainer for Electrical ( 2 - 4 yrs)
RS Not disclosed Bankura
1. Faculty/Trainer for Electrical(Vacancy - 02) Min Qualification: - H.S with Diploma in Electrical ** First Preference Good Sound Knowledge in Computer
Key Skills : h.s with diploma in electrical and minimum 2 years exp.,electrical faculty,electrical trainer
Faculty/Trainer for Computer ( 2 - 4 yrs)
RS Not disclosed Bankura
Faculty/Trainer for Computer(Vacancy - 02) Min Qualification: - Graduate with Diploma in Computer Application. Minimum 2 years of total work experience ** First Preference Good Sound Knowledge in English
Key Skills : graduate with diploma in computer application.,computer faculty,computer trainer
NEED COMPUTER FACULTY OR SPOKEN ENGLISH TEACHER IN A EDUCATION SECTOR.. ( 0 - 9 yrs)
Prava Consultancy
RS 70,000 To 2,75,000 p.a. Asansol, Bankura, Bardhaman, Bolpur, Durgapur, Kolkata, Murshidabad, Raniganj, Suri, Paschim Bardhaman, Birbhum, Paschim Medinipur
Candidate Complete Graduation & Diploma Computer & Computer Science,, or Spoken English Teacher Complete Graduation in English.. experience or Fresher Both Can Apply for the Post..
Key Skills : computer faculty,spoken english teacher,computer teacher
Computer Teacher Need in Govt High School ( 0 - 2 yrs)
Linkwide Technology Pvt Ltd
RS 60,000 To 1,25,000 p.a. Bankura, Durgapur, Kharagpur, Kolkata, Purulia, Siliguri
A group of young dedicated professionals and engineers started the venture to offer integrated, best quality services in the domain of Human Resource Management, IT Solutions and IT Managed Services. We work on the specific needs of the company and i...
Key Skills : teacher,computer teacher,teaching
Need All Subject Teacher ( 0 - 5 yrs)
Posted on 16 days ago
RS 3,50,000 To 9,50,000 p.a.
We are looking for All Subject Teachers.0 - 5 years teaching experience.Passion for children, an obsession for quality, strong communication skills, rooted in clear work ethics are pre-requisite for the role. Candidates should be able to teach, plans...
Key Skills : teaching,faculty,turo,teacher,tutor
Urgent Need Science Teacher Job ( 0 - 30 yrs)
Posted on 22 days ago
RS 2,50,000 To 9,00,000 p.a.
We are looking for Science Teachers. 0 - 5 years teaching experience.Passion for children, an obsession for quality, strong communication skills, rooted in clear work ethics are pre-requisite for the role. Candidates should be able to teach, plans...
Key Skills : science teaching,science teacher,science faculty
Teacher Social Science ( 0 - 31 yrs)
Posted on 64 days ago
Rapid India Solution
RS 1,00,000 To 2,50,000 p.a. Auraiya, Bidhuna, Kanpur
Rapid Global School, Bdhuna requires TGT & PRT Teachers to Social Science, Science, English Art & craft and General Knowledge. Candidate should have good command over English. Salary is not a constraints for deserving candidate. Semi furnished ac...
Key Skills : teaching,social science teaching,tgt,social science teacher,teacher,tgt teacher
Teacher/Lecturar ( 0 - 5 yrs)
Posted on 76 days ago
All India Institute of Management & Skill Development (AIIMSD)
RS 3,25,000 To 4,25,000 p.a. Kolkata
Teaching,Training & counseling
Key Skills : teacher,teaching
Chemistry Teacher ( 2 - 4 yrs)
Posted on 86 days ago
Saraswati Online
RS 2,50,000 To 3,00,000 p.a.
Candidates must have Masters degree. atleast 2 yearsExperience in NEET & JEE coaching.
Key Skills : chemistry teacher
NEED COMPUTER TEACHERS FOR BENGALI MEDIUM GOVT. SCHOOLS ( 0 - 1 yrs)
Webel Tathya School Computer Education Program
RS 50000 To 60,000 p.a.
We are hiring faculties to be recruited as Computer Teachers in Bengali Medium Govt. Schools across West Bengal. Job Hours : 10.30 AM - 4.30 PM ( or regular school hours) Role : To teach computer as per schedule to students from class V...
Key Skills : qualification : minimum graduate with computer sc.(bsc-it/bca/b.tech-it/cs),computer teacher
Fashion Designing Faculty @ Lake town, Kolkata. ( 3 - 6 yrs)
Associated Resource Company (ARC)
RS 2,50,000 To 3,25,000 p.a. Kolkata
Exp: minimum 1 + years as fashion designing faculty. Education: Graduation / Diploma fashion designing. Salary : up to 27K. Responsibilities: To Teach fashion Illustration, Fabric Painting and Embroidery, Garment Construction, pattern...
Key Skills : fashion designer,fashion design faculty,fashion designing,faculty,trainer,...
Teacher ( 0 - 1 yrs)
RS 1,50,000 To 4,75,000 p.a. Kolkata
Delhi Public School(DPS), St Xavier's Institution, Calcutta Public School, Blooming Birds School, Birla High School, Patha Bhaban, St. Sebastian School, Mother mission School etc. Examination will be held under All India Teacher Counseling Orga...
Key Skills : teacher,tutor,teaching