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By Sicco van Gelder*
Abstract This paper introduces four general brand strategies and examines the internal and external factors that influence these strategies for global brands. Managers of global and international brands must understand these issues in order to assess the potential for standardising their brands across diverse societies, the factors that necessitate specific brand adaptations, and the prospects for competitive advantages. Likewise, managers of local brands need to understand the particular strengths and weaknesses of the strategies of their global competitors and use this knowledge to devise their competitive responses.
The author is founder of Brand Meta, a brand strategy and planning consultancy in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. He has over a decade of experience with worldwide research and consultancy on major brands. He can be reached at email@example.com.
© 2002 Brand Meta
INTRODUCTION Globalisation has been the battle cry of the last decennium of the 20th century. This phenomenon is not new or unique to this period. The process has only been given an added impetus by the political, technological and economic developments that have been unique to the last ten years of the century. The demise of communism, the ICT revolution, the liberalisation of trade are only few of the driving forces of this latest round of intensified globalisation. The effect that this globalisation has had on brands has been spectacular. New brands are seemingly born global, or at the very least experience a quick rollout from home or lead countries into other markets. Many traditionally local brands are sold, fazed-out or face transition to a new regional or global brand name and subsequent harmonisation. Brand portfolios, which have been built-up through decennia of acquisitions, are rationalised in order to focus attention and resources on a limited number of strategic brands. Long established brands have enhanced their dominant positions across the globe, threatening less marketing-savvy local brands, but also encountering stern opposition from local brands that find ways to fight back. Some of the global brands manage to become local institutions by filling a local role in the societies where they operate, while others dominate their category as global monoliths. Debates have also flared over the supposed supremacy of global brands and the inadequacy of (multi-)local brands. This paper argues that this viewpoint is incorrect and that the each individual global or international brand has specific opportunities and limitations when it comes to standardisation or localisation. Only a thorough understanding of a variety of factors that influence brands in their © 2002 Brand Meta
global and local contexts helps determine the best course for them. Therefore, this paper concerns those involved in global and local brand management, as well as managers of local brands who often struggle with global competition. We introduce four general brand strategies and examine the internal and external factors that influence these strategies as a brand extends across multiple societies. The general strategies themselves consist of a total of more than 20 strategy subtypes. A discussion of these strategy subtypes exceeds the limitations of this paper. Suffice it to say that each requires its own particular capabilities and competencies, each has its particular competitive advantages, and each offers consumers some distinct appeal. The author is currently writing a study that examines these strategy sub-types. The purpose of this paper is to offer a fresh perspective on global brand strategy and management without attempting to be exhaustive.
GENERAL BRAND STRATEGIES Brand strategy is aimed at influencing people's perception of a brand in such a way that they are persuaded to act in a certain manner, e.g. buy and use the products and services offered by the brand, purchase these at higher price points, donate to a cause. In addition, most brand strategies aim to persuade people to buy, use, and donate again by offering them some form of gratifying experience. As branding is typically an activity that is undertaken in a competitive environment, the aim is also to persuade people to prefer the brand to competition. A global brand needs to provide relevant meaning and experience to people across multiple societies. To do so, the brand strategy needs to be devised that takes 2
account of the brand's own capabilities and competencies, the strategies of competing brands, and the outlook of consumers (including business decision makers) which has been largely formed by experiences in their respective societies. There are four broad brand strategy areas that can be employed. (1) Brand Domain. Brand domain specialists are experts in one or more of the brand domain aspects (products/services, media, distribution, solutions). A brand domain specialist tries to pre-empt or even dictate particular domain developments. This requires an intimate knowledge, not only of the technologies shaping the brand domain, but also of pertinent consumer behaviour and needs. The lifeblood of a brand domain specialist is innovation and creative use of its resources. A brand domain specialist is like a cheetah in the Serengeti preying on impala and gazelle. The cheetah is a specialist hunter with superior speed to chase, and the claws and teeth to kill these animals. The cheetah is also very familiar with the habits of its prey. It finds ways of approaching, singling out and capturing its prey. The cheetah is one of the most accomplished of hunters within the wild cat species; it catches up to 70% of prey that it hunts. (2) Brand Reputation. Brand reputation specialists use or develop specific traits of their brands to support their authenticity, credibility or reliability over and above competitors. A brand reputation specialist needs to have some kind of history, legacy or mythology. It also needs to be able to narrate these in a convincing manner, and be able to live up to the resulting reputation. A brand reputation specialist has to have a very good understanding of which stories will convince consumers that the brand is in some way superior. A brand reputation specialist is like a horse. It can © 2002 Brand Meta
be pure-bred, have a certain nobility and bearing, and exhibit qualities that can be traced back to these (e.g. grace, speed, temperament, looks). Like a horse, the brand reputation specialist can also thrive on association with celebrities. (3) Brand Affinity. Brand affinity specialists bond with consumers based on one or more of a range of affinity aspects. A brand affinity specialist needs to outperform competition in terms of building relationships with consumers. This means that a brand affinity specialist needs to have a distinct appeal to consumers, be able to communicate with them affectively, and provide an experience that reinforces the bonding process. A brand affinity specialist is like a pet dog. A dog is generally considered to be man's best friend, due to its affection, its obedience, its loyalty, the status and the protection it provides to its owners. Different kinds of dogs will command a different form of affection. (4) Brand Recognition. Brand recognition specialists distinguish themselves from competition by raising their profiles among consumers. The brand recognition specialist either convinces consumers that it is somehow different from competition, as is the case for niche brands, or rises above the melee by becoming more wellknown among consumers than competition. The latter is particularly important in categories where brands have few distinguishing features in the minds of consumers. In some cases, a brand recognition specialist needs to be able to outspend competition to gain unbeatable levels of awareness. In other cases, a brand recognition specialist needs to convince a loyal following of consumers that it is unique. A recognition specialist is like a peacock. Most of us will know little about birds, but we can recognise a peacock from 3
a large distance. We may not know its precise qualities, but if we were to choose between birds we are more likely to plump for a peacock than for a more ordinary specimen, because of its beauty and presence. To continue the analogy, animals that are transplanted from their original habits, face particular difficulties. Their specialist skills, particular traits or specific qualities may no longer be to their advantage and they may need to develop new ones. The cheetah may fare fine in other parts of the world where there are grassy plains with sufficient game. However, if the cheetah moves from the plains to the jungle it will need to develop an appetite for different prey (e.g. monkey), change the way it hunts (e.g. climb trees) and compete with new predators (e.g. snakes). Although horses are widely considered noble animals, the way they are viewed does differ between societies. In some, the horse is mainly considered as a mode of transport and competes with cars and trucks. In another, the horse is mainly seen as an opportunity for gambling and there it competes with casinos and dog races. Yet in others, the horse is hardly used and seen as symbolising independence and pioneering spirit. Each of these roles requires different traits from the same animal. Similarly, a dog is not considered a loveable or desirable animal in all societies. The relationship with a dog can be functional in some societies (e.g. sleigh dogs), affective in others (e.g. pet dogs), and ambitious (e.g. fighting dogs) in yet other societies. Thus, a dog may need to build a totally different kind of relationship depending on its new owner's background. A peacock may be highly recognisable all over the world, but it symbolises © 2002 Brand Meta
something different depending on local culture. In Bengal, the peacock symbolises prosperity, while in Bali it represents the power of knowledge, and in China it symbolises beauty and dignity. As in the animal kingdom, there is also a place for generalists who mix and match strategies to their advantage. For instance, in some markets Heineken mainly leverages its reputation (e.g. country-oforigin), while in others it applies its formidable media planning expertise to innovative use of various forms of (integrated) media; a specific form of domain specialisation. Brands also use complementary strategies. In the case of Nokia, it has been developing its brand affinity through Club Nokia and the Nokia Game. The following section deals with factors that influence brands' strategies when operating in societies other than their original habitats.
THE BRAND ENVIRONMENT A brand operates in a space that is defined by its own company or organisation, its competitors, and the societies where it operates. There are both internal and external factors that influence how a brand is finally perceived and experienced by consumers. Internal Factors Factors that are internal to a brand's company or organisation can be categorised as being strategy-related, performance-related and stemming from the brand's past. The strategy-related factors are those that derive from the business strategy and the marketing strategy. There is a strategy hierarchy, whereby business strategy takes 4
the lead, guiding brand strategy. Brand strategy in its turn guides marketing strategy. The business strategy is aimed at achieving particular consumer behaviour. Only if consumers actually purchase, use (more often), pay a higher price or donate (more) will objectives of a business strategy be met. These objectives may include a larger market share, increased returns, higher margins and increased shareholder value. Brands are designed to persuade consumers to exhibit the behaviour that will make these objectives come true for the organisation. Thus the influence of business strategy upon brand strategy is direct and compelling. The marketing strategy aims to translate the brand strategy into actual products or services, with a specific price, to be sold at specific outlets, to be promoted through specific communications activities and channels, and to be supported by specific service. The influence of the marketing strategy is thus indirect in that the correct translation of the brand into the marketingmix determines whether consumers get the correct impression of the brand. The performance-related factors are dependent upon the marketing implementation, i.e. the actual production and delivery of the products and services, their accompanying messages to consumers, and the actual product or service experience. The implementation eventually determines whether consumers experience what the brand strategy set out to provide. The marketing implementation may make or break a brand at the moment that is of most importance to consumers: e.g. when they actually experience the brand through advertising, promotions, purchase, usage, and after-sales service. The factors that stem from the brand's past are the brand's internal legacy and its © 2002 Brand Meta
internal conventions. The brand's internal legacy is about who have developed it, who have managed it over the years, and what the role of the brand has become for the organisation. This influences how management, staff, partners, distributors and shareholders view the brand and its future potential. It may prove difficult to change such perceptions once a brand has been slotted into a specific position. The internal conventions of an organisation are such issues as how things are typically done, support systems, what the culture is like, who has the power to decide, who has the power to frustrate decisions, the structure of the organisation, its policies, and its (other) activities. For a global brand, such influencing factors exist at central as well as at local levels. More often than not, there are tensions between central and local as specific factors work in opposite directions, and people within the organisation have different agendas for the brand. External Factors External influences upon a brand strategy come mainly from three quarters: competition, consumers and media. These external influences will vary between the markets and societies where a brand operates. Therefore, these influences need to be determined locally. When a brand is introduced into a foreign society, it will encounter particular brand strategies that are being practiced by competitive brands. Unless competitors are very complacent, head-on confrontations with them are generally not the best way of winning the hearts and minds of consumers. It is, therefore, important to determine competitors' brand strategies and to find ways of flanking established competition by choosing an alternative strategy. 5
Category conventions are the unwritten rules that govern the way in which products or services are designed, advertised, distributed, serviced, priced, experienced, etc. Challenging such conventions may provide a brand with a competitive advantage. It is imperative that such a challenge has value to consumers and that they are willing to go along with the challenge. This is only the case if the particular convention is no longer rock solid. Such opportunities emerge when competition is complacent and underestimates the effects of the challenge. An example is the advent of on-line share trading, which became possible due to the combined development of the Internet and the popularisation of shareholding. Established stockbrokers failed to respond adequately to the challenge to their conventional mode of operations and thus lost a lot of their business to Charles Swab cum suis. Cultural conventions determine how people in a society interact, what they believe, how they make decisions and what meanings they attach to certain representations. Cultures are not static, but develop through intergenerational and interpersonal learning and experience. A cultural convention can be challenged if it is already loosing its value to consumers and is ready to be replaced by something new. Therefore, one needs to be on the lookout for such cultural shifts. Once identified, it becomes a matter of deciding whether the challenge will be of perceived value to consumers and will provide competitive advantage. Needs conventions determine the forms in which consumers' needs are manifested. Human needs are not universal and neither is the importance placed upon each need. However, the major differences lie in the manner in which a need is articulated or the form of a solution that is provided to a need. For example, although there is a © 2002 Brand Meta
general need for nutrition, there are considerable differences between societies with regard to which foodstuffs are acceptable for specific meals. Not to mention foods that are totally unacceptable to specific societies, as witnessed by the controversy over the consumption of dog meat during the upcoming world cup soccer finals in Korea. The media can seriously affect a brand strategy in a positive or a negative manner. In some developing countries foreign brands are promoted by the media as examples of modernity, while in others these same brands may be portrayed as the vanguards of a foreign domination. Particularly, bad news about brands can spread like wild fire across boarders, as Coke found out in Belgium, where the outsides of some bottles were contaminated with a fungicide, causing a health scare.
IMPACT ON BRAND STRATEGIES The factors discussed above each have their own specific impact on the four general brand strategies and their strategy sub-types. Due to the limitations of its format, this paper focuses on factors that influence the four general strategies only. We also limit the discussion to one global branding issues that has attracted a lot of attention among practitioners in recent years, namely brand harmonisation or standardisation. This is not say that the factors discussed above do not also have a profound effect on other global branding issues such as global brand extensions, rationalising a global brand portfolio, global brand architecture and co-branding global brands. Domain Specialists Domain specialists generally require economies of scale to be able to sustain 6
their investments in constant innovation. Brand proposition standardisation or harmonisation is part of this drive towards economies of scale. Domain specialists tend to centralise brand management, which leaves little room for local adaptation. Domain specialists, therefore, need to either establish new conventions themselves (through a successful challenge) or not enter the market at all. Information and communications technology (ICT) companies have had the advantage of establishing conventions without having to challenge existing category conventions. They have had the opportunity to shape their category. This is why many ICT companies have been able to establish highly standardised global brands. Among the world's ten most valuable brands in 2001 (compiled by Interbrand) are four such ICT domain specialists, namely Microsoft, IBM, Intel and Nokia. Shaping a category does involve having indepth knowledge not only of technology, but also of consumers. Iridium, the mobile satellite phone operator, did not have this knowledge and failed miserably when it introduced a service that few felt a need for. Most people already had excellent alternatives to the expensive and unwieldy system. Domain specialists are particularly susceptible to category conventions, as these largely govern the brand domain aspects. Renault, which introduced a fair number of innovative car designs during the past decade (e.g. Twingo, Scenic, Espace), has little or no position outside Europe. While the brand has successfully challenged automotive design conventions in Europe, it fails to persuade consumers across the Atlantic. Other European car brands, many less innovative than Renault, have been successful in the USA.
Domain specialists can also be prone to cultural conventions, especially beliefs and customs directly related to the products or services involved. For instance, there is a traditional belief in Chinese culture about the efficacy of certain herbs. Proctor & Gamble tapped into such beliefs by adding Showu root extract to its popular Rejoice shampoo, claiming it makes black hair shinier. This adaptation provided Rejoice with a competitive response to local competition such as the Olive brand, which had earlier staked its claim of providing lustre to black hair. Domain specialists' brand building activities consist mainly of introducing global brand extensions to reinforce the perception of the brand's innovativeness. Without constant and consistent extensions, the brands would quickly lose their relevance to consumers. Reputation Specialists Reputation specialists are a diverse bunch, some of whom rely heavily upon their pedigrees while others leverage their connections to celebrities, and yet others build on a promise that they have demonstrably been able to keep. Reputation specialists are often good at tweaking their brands to ensure relevance to consumers in specific societies. This means that brand and marketing management need to be largely localised, with a largely a guiding task for global management. It also means that competencies such as consumer understanding and narration need to be available locally. Reputation specialists are particularly susceptible to cultural and needs conventions. Brands that leverage their country-of-origin make use of beliefs (sometimes stereotypes) about those countries. However, the significance and essence of such beliefs can vary widely 7
© 2002 Brand Meta
across societies. The same applies to values. Virgin's reputation as a challenger to established brands connects well with the general British distrust of major companies. Whether the same will work for Virgin in the Far East is doubtful, as consumers there tend to trust major companies and their brands more than contenders. Reputation specialists often make use of people's senses of insecurity and their needs for belonging. A toothpaste brand that is endorsed by dentists may meet security needs in one society, while the relevant security need in another country is whiteness. A particular celebrity endorsement may work wonders in one country, but the same person may not mean a thing in another country. For instance, Nike used American football and baseball star Bo Jackson for advertising in the USA, but substituted him for local sports celebrities in other countries. Reputation specialists often have a limited scope for challenging category conventions. However, they also have less of a need for doing so. Volkswagen, which builds on a reputation for the excellent quality and resale value of its cars, does not feel the need for constant innovation. Unlike Renault, Volkswagen's sales do not dry up when it doesn't introduce innovative designs every few years. Reputation specialists' main brand building activities are narration to and education of consumers about their brand, as well as an experience that is consistent with the brands' reputations. Affinity Specialists Affinity specialists are able to pluck the heartstrings of consumers. They way they do so differs markedly between brands, but the common result is unrivalled brand loyalty. Some affinity specialists are able © 2002 Brand Meta
to standardise their brands across societies by using themes that are common across various societies. For instance, Mercedes is a brand that many (successful) people around the world wish to be associated with. However, most affinity specialists need local brand management in order to be able to build a worthwhile rapport with consumers. Affinity specialists need to get close to consumers to be able to connect with them. This closeness requires affinity specialists to understand exactly which conventions can and cannot be challenged. This also means that the brand's organisation must encourage local brand management initiatives. Affinity specialists are particularly susceptible to cultural and needs conventions. For instance, a financial services brand that connects to it customers by employing empathy utilises a society's prevailing values and esteem needs. In a collectivist society, the brand's empathy is likely to be expressed through showing deference to customers. In an individualist society, the empathy is likely to be expressed through personal recognition and advice pertaining to the customers' specific financial situations. Affinity specialists also make use of people's sense of belonging. Many youth brands seek ways of appealing to consumers in such a manner that they wish to be associated with the brand. This entails constant cool hunting and staying closely in tune with teens and young adults. Tommy Hilfiger was the epitome of teen cool, but when the brand got stuck in the same rut for a season it instantly became obsolete. Affinity specialists have the greatest scope for challenging category, needs and cultural conventions. Due to their general closeness to consumers, affinity specialists are in-tune with their consumers and can sense when conventions are shifting. The 8
Body Shop challenged packaging conventions by using simple plastic refill bottles, thereby reinforcing the social conscience of the brand, which resonated with likeminded consumers. Maximizer bra challenged values of female modesty in East Asia by promoting a push-up bra using slender dark haired western models. The brand tapped into (professional) Asian women's sense of developing selfconsciousness. The main brand building activity of affinity specialists is relationship building. It differs considerably between the types of affinity brands how this is achieved, whether that is through events (e.g. Harley Davidson), through service experience (e.g. Starbucks), a loyalty programme (e.g. Shell), an Internet information site (e.g. Pampers), through demonstrating an understanding of target consumers (e.g. MTV), extolling principles relevant to target consumers (e.g. Greenpeace), or by demonstrating coolness and hipness at relevant occasions (e.g. Burton). The particular connection with consumer needs to be constantly reaffirmed by the brand through behaviour, advertising, publicity, direct communications, brand extensions, etc. Brand extensions generally aim at reinforcing that bond by offering products or services that bring consumers into closer or more frequent contact with the brand (e.g. Harley Davidson aftershave). Recognition Specialists Recognition specialists succeed by using two aspects, namely consumers' inability to discriminate between a multitude of brands in a category and their inability to know more than a few brands in a category. In some categories it is difficult for consumers to understand the differences between brands. Subsequently consumers will opt for those brands that they know, the ones they hear of often. These will usually be the big players in a market. For © 2002 Brand Meta
instance, most people are not able to fathom the differences in the propositions offered by various banks. What they are aware of are the well-known banks. This awareness breeds confidence and leads most people to choose one of these. A more extreme case is the mass wine category, which is teeming with unfamiliar brands. By raising its profile, the Ernest & Julio Gallo brand provides a safe-haven for consumers. It is a brand that they can trust to provide a consistent quality at an agreeable price. In some categories, consumers actively know only one or two brands. Apparently, there is an inability or a reluctance to know more brands. This may be due to the fact that competition is weak at raising its profile or the category is a low-interest one. Such brands become the points of reference in their category. For instance, people will generally be actively aware of only one or two toilet paper brands. These brands will usually have very distinct propositions, e.g. one is soft and the other is decorative. Distributors' own brands will usually occupy the value positions. The recognition specialists keep their advertising expenditure at high levels to preserve this situation. These high levels of advertising expenditure necessitate recognition specialists to find economies of scale in this area. Developing regional or global campaigns is a logical consequence. Recognition specialists, therefore, tend to centralise brand management, which leaves little room for local initiatives. Recognition specialists often have a limited scope of adapting to local conventions. However, recognition specialists are susceptible to category conventions and needs conventions. For example, Citibank presents its credit cards as 'dependable' in the USA and as having 'distinction' in Hong Kong. Citibank thus adapts to the
prevailing conventions of representation in both markets. Obviously, the main brand building activity of recognition specialists is (mass) advertising. A high general awareness among consumers forms a formidable barrier to competition. A recognition specialist, therefore, requires advertising skills as one of its core competencies.
CONCLUDING REMARKS How best to manage a brand internationally largely depends on the factors discussed in this paper. Brand strategy is not a given and needs to be constantly reassessed. Brand managers must decide what is the best course of action for their brands in particular markets, based on an analysis of the relevant internal and external influences on the brands. The author has developed the Global Brand Proposition Model, a unique framework with which to assess these issues. The ideas expressed in this article derive from the model.
© 2002 Brand Meta


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RED Development will get the $18.5 million in tax subsidies it had sought for Summit Place, a $73 million shopping center it wants to build near U.S. 50 and Interstate 470 in Lee's Summit.
With Bob Johnson, Derek Holland and Dave Mosby dissenting, the Lee's Summit City Council last week approved an $11 million tax-increment-financing contract with RED. The remainder of the funds will come from an additional sales tax imposed in the area.
The council also changed the zoning to permit construction. The votes essentially mean the city has approved the project.
Summit Place will be near SummitWoods Crossing and Summit Fair, also developed by RED.
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As they have in the past, the dissenters criticized the amount of the subsidy, contending the city shouldn't help the developer with certain costs, such as building stores.
Holland said City Manager Steve Arbo "failed miserably" in negotiating the contract.
But Arbo said that given the realities of the retail market, the subsidy RED requested is necessary.
"If I truly believed they needed less than $18.5 million, I would have tried to get there," Arbo said.
Holland and Mosby also griped that the anchor tenant for Summit Place is to be a Sam's Club. They said the city should have a higher standard for that piece of real estate.
But council member Diane Forte said she shops at Sam's Club and would prefer to spend her money in Lee's Summit instead of driving to Belton. She said other residents would, too.

subset: commoncrawl


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Facial Liposuction--Can a Facial Liposuction Procedure Be a Viable Alternative to a Facelift?
Facial liposuction is a procedure that is becoming an increasingly
popular alternative to invasive facial cosmetic surgery procedures.
This minimally invasive operation enhances and restores the youthful
appearance of the face, and is great for both men and women. So if you
have a little fat in your cheeks that you want to get rid of, continue
reading about this cutting-edge surgery to find out if it is right for
Why Facial Liposuction?
Facial liposuction, usually coupled with neck liposuction, is ideal for
contouring the face and enhancing the skin for a more youthful
appearance. Some individuals, regardless of age, are genetically
predisposed to carrying excess fat in the jaw line, chin, and the
cheeks. This can give the face a chubby appearance and sometimes an
undesirable aging effect.
Tumescent liposuction is the safest procedure and most effective way to removing excess fat from the face. Compared to conventional facial plastic surgery, a liposuction facial procedure involves fewer scars, fewer complications, lower costs, a faster recovery, and a more natural appearance. General anesthesia is not used during this type of operation, cutting out the dangers and side effects of going under. There are other benefits of facial lipo including:
- Minimal pain. Typically, only a mild painkiller is needed during recovery. Swelling is usually treated by using a hot compress or ice packs. An over the counter pain medication is usually sufficient to keeping the pain at bay.
- Little scarring. Incisions are so small, that there is very little scarring. Any liposuction scars can be hidden if a surgeon cuts discreet areas of the face.
- Lower risk of infection. Since extensive and deep incisions are unnecessary for a liposuction facial procedure, the risk of an infection is extremely low.
- Permanent removal of all fat cells in the areas. All fat cells in the treatment areas are removed during liposuction, prevented fat from re-accumulating in the future.
- Tightens and improves skin tone. Removal of fat can make the skin more firm and resilient.
- Natural looking results after only a few months. You can expect to see positive results 3-6 months after surgery, and further improvements every month thereafter.
- Gets rid of fat that is resistant to diet and exercise. Facial liposuction removes fat from the areas of the face that can't be reduced from diet and exercise alone.
Candidates for Facial Liposuction
Not all patients are necessarily good candidates for facial liposuction. Depending on the distribution of fat and looseness of the skin, traditional cosmetic facial surgery may be more appropriate. Older women with excessively wrinkled skin with little subcutaneous fat can benefit from a facial liposuction, while a younger woman may opt for liposuction as a simpler and safer alternative to a facelift. Men who want to avoid the look of a facelift and scarring may prefer a cheek liposuction procedure as well.
Generally any individual who is in good health can potentially be a good candidate for liposuction. Those with localized fat deposits that are disproportionate to the rest of the face will best benefit from a facial liposuction. You may also be a good candidate if you:
- desire younger looking skin
- are within a healthy weight range (facial liposuction is not appropriate for treating obesity)
- have tried diet and exercise, but it doesn't work and,
- have realistic expectations.
How facial liposuction surgery is done
During a consultation, a surgeon will consult with the patient to determine if the goals are realistic, and to assess the health and medical history. Before surgery, the doctor may mark the area where the incisions will be. Then the patient will be given a sedative or local anesthesia to numb the areas of treatment. Facial re-contouring is performed by inserting a small cannula (tube) into the tiny incisions placed in discreet areas of the face. A suction syringe or pump is then connected to the cannula to extract the excess fat from bulging areas. Lastly, the incisions are closed with very fine stitches. A facial liposuction operation is fairly quick, lasting only from and hour to two hours.
an ultrasonic liposuction, the cannula has a tip that emits ultrasound
waves that convert the fat into liquid. This makes it easier to remove
the fact with less pressure.
surgery, patients may be given an elastic bandage to wear for the first
24 hours. A similar elastic sling will need to be worn at night for a
few weeks.
a single liposuction procedure is required to achieve the desired
results. (It is not uncommon, however, for a patient to request a
follow-up treatment to seek a further refinement of the features.) The
patient is lightly sedated in a "twilight" state or given a sedative
and sufficient local anesthesia. At the end of the procedure the
incisions are closed with one or two very fine stitches. Normally
patients will be fitted with an elastic bandage for the first
twenty-four hours and may be asked to wear a similar elastic sling at
night for a few weeks. Patients can expect to resume normal activities
within two to four days.
Most patients return to their normal activities in two to four days.
The risks of facial liposuction are minimal and complications are extremely rare. Nonetheless, there are some risks including scarring, excessive bleeding, infections, and nerve damage. Nerve damage can manifest itself by numbness or partial paralysis of the treated areas, however this is normally a temporary phenomenon.
best way to avoid complications is by researching a choosing a board
certified physician with extensive experience with this type of
Facial Liposuction Costs
Facial liposuction prices can range from $1,000 to
$4,000 depending on your area and the amount of work performed.
If an ultrasonic procedure is used alone, the costs can range from $2000-$3000.
Great Facial Liposuction Before and After Pictures
Have a Comment About Facial Liposuction? Drop a Line!
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I've been using vim in place of notepad++ and fraise with greater frequency lately. It's quite a hassle to maintain vim settings on two different platforms in a consistent enough way that the settings are identical. Yesterday I decided to fix that.
I run a local subversion server at home for versioning my free-time projects and other documents. I store my working copies of the repository in a folder inside my Dropbox. What I decided to do was run a WinMerge diff/merge with my OS X .vimrc and my Windows _vimrc files. Everything that was common to both files, I merged right, then saved to a new text file called 'vimrc_common'. So afterwards, I was left with 3 relatively similar files, .vimrc, _vimrc, and vimrc_common.
After checking in the changes, it was a simple task to remove the script that was now in common from the two original files, leaving only the platform specific stuff. I added a line to each of the original files that sources the common file at its path on the respective OS, and voila, no more vimrc duplication!


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Issue 4 - Summer 2012
Essays Current Research ReviewsContributorsAnnouncements
J. M. Barrie and Crichtons Three Islands by Margaret D. Stetz
In the Introduction to their 2006 volume, J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan In and Out of Time, Donna R. White and C. Anita Tarr are unsparing in their judgment of J. M. Barrie as an author, asserting that his "literary reputation rests on one work: Peter Pan" and continuing with another harsh pronouncement—"Alone of all of Barrie's literary works, Peter Pan remains vital today" (White and Tarr vii). Could theirs be a peculiarly American perspective, reflecting the relative absence from U. S. stages of Barrie's other plays, but not one that a British audience would share? If we measure the vitality of theatrical writing in terms of ongoing productions and adaptations, then surely many of his comedies and dramas are alive and well, at least on Barrie's own side of the Atlantic. With their suggestions of forbidden or "castaway" emotions and situations, they have, moreover, another kind of vitality, bubbling up from the sphere of the culturally repressed, that still speaks to spectators and that encourages contemporary directors to speak through them.
Works Cited:


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At the risk of melting the speakers, we find the loud bass and roaring sounds of Yves V & Mell Tierra's 'Chrono'. A 6K tune that's nothing short of pure energy.
Belgium & The Netherlands unite, for the eclectic affair of 'Chrono'. A mix-mash of styles, spedding past the sounds of electro, prog, house and anything else to make sure it leaves a clear statement.
It's got the hook that makes a 40.000 crowd go wild and an explosion to follow. Didn't we say it's pure energy?
Chrono (Original Mix)


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Shining shaped stickers make this stunning animals scene come to life! It's easy to use this craft kit for kids: Just place each shaped "gem" on the wooden background according to the number key. The result is a glowing rain-forest artwork that will make young artists proud! Its compact size (perfect for kids' party favors!) makes this mini peel-and-press activity easy to complete in one sitting for fast, beautiful results.
For Ages: 5+


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Eugene Katchalov aka MyRabbiFoo signs pro deal
Eugene Katchalov, known as MyRabbiFoo in the online poker world, has signed a pro contract with PokerStars
|by Jackhunter
|March, 24th 2011
Overall: 5
Above: Eugene Katchalov aka MyRabbiFoo has signed for PokerStars
Eugene Katchalov, aka MyRabbiFoo, has signed for Team PokerStars Pro.
The 29-year-old pro, who was born in the Ukraine but now lives in New York, will begin wearing the PokerStars patch at the Russian Poker Series Kiev event this weekend.
Katchalov has been one of the most consistent players of the past 12 months, the highlight of his year coming in January 2011 when he won the $100,000 Super High Roller event at the 2011 PokerStars Caribbean Adventure for $1.5 million.
After defeating Daniel Negreanu heads-up. Katchalov almost followed it up with another win in the $20,000 High Roller 6 Max event a few days later at the PCA, but eventually finished second for $131,920.
Katchalov said: "I feel very fortunate in having the opportunity to represent PokerStars. It is the largest and, in my opinion, the best-run poker site in the world, with a great team of pros.
"I look forward to continuing my great run in poker and helping PokerStars successfully expand and evolve within the ever-changing world of poker.
Fellow Team pro Daniel added: "Eugene has always flown under the radar, but among his peers, his game is well respected and he is considered one of the best in the world, both in tournaments and cash games.
"I'm thrilled to see Eugene as part of the team. He's a great guy and an excellent poker ambassador."
Katchalov made a name for himself in 2007 when he won nearly $2.5m at the Five Diamond World Poker Classic, and he has since cemented his credentials as one of the world's top players by coming third at the EPT London in 2009 for £193,000 and final-tabling three World Series events last summer.
Katchalov now has live tournament career earnings of more than $6.1 million, which puts him inside the top 40 on the all time tournament money list.
Online, 'MyRabbiFoo' won a PokerStars World Championship of Online Poker (WCOOP) heads-up event in 2009 for $140,000 and has racked up more than $500,000 of cashes in PokerStars online tournaments.
Katchalov will now play under the screen name E. Katchalov on PokerStars.


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A group, the World Igbo Youths Council (WIYC), has urged the Federal Government to arrest the conveners of the North East Development (NED) for allegedly calling for the secession of the zone from Nigeria.
The group said the call should be seen as a treasonable felony.
In a statement by its Chairman, Board of Trustees, Comrade Chuks Ibegbu, WIYC said the call, when Boko Haram was attempting to dismember Nigeria, showed that some highly placed Nigerians were sponsoring the militant group.
It said: "No part of Nigeria must be allowed to secede. Nigeria has come to stay. We shall all stay here and salvage Nigeria.
"The Federal Government must, therefore, take steps to apprehend those calling for secession and prosecute them for high treason. They have committed the same offence for which the Movement for the Actualisation of the State of Biafra (MASSOB) is being hounded around since 2000.
In fact, their (NED's) offence is worse because government officials and political actors from the North East attended the occasion where the call was made."


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It's been highly anticipated, and with the lead single "My Rainbow" blazing all over the globe, 2face Idibia released his highly anticipated album, Away & Beyond. The launch event took place at Oriental Hotel @ the 2nd anniversary of theNET.
The event featured performances from Skales, Iyanya, Praiz and Dammy Krane, a host of others.
Check out iRokTV's video coverage of the event.
[youtube width="560″ height="349″]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wN99C9Mjp_E&[/youtube]


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Why You Need Valley High: It's the coolest brand around, it's the new squad on campus "slaying the style game and taking all the boys". You'd be crazy not to jump on this brand, and join their style squad!
Our Fave Item: The Valley High pink satin bomber. It reminds us of Greece, but with a modern twist. It's the perfect street style piece, that'll give you serious style points.
Photo Credit: Valley High
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What to do with the leftover strips of watercolor paper
Here ya go....
I did the 2014-2016 Stampin' Up! In Colors and matching buttons (from SAB) for my card..
I added the sentiment from Crazy About You stamp set... on a Whisper White card base, and a layer of Basic Black.
I used my aqua painter to do a ombre look.
I hope you enjoy it... super easy and super fun!
Thanks for stoppin' by
Built for Free Using: My Stampin Blog


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The U.S. Department of Treasury on Wednesday announced that it has sanctioned legendary Mexican international defender Rafa Marquez and 21 others for alleged ties to drug trafficking.
The former Barcelona footballer is being accused of having links to a major drug trafficker – is a "front person" for a major drug-trafficking cartel – as part of an action hitting 22 Mexican nationals with sanctions that freeze their assets in the U.S.
The Treasury said in a statement that it will also sanction 43 entities in Mexico, including a football club and casino.
The sanctions are the result of a multi-year investigation of the drug trafficking organization allegedly headed by Raul Flores Hernandez.
Marquez and the others are all accused of having ties with alleged drug trafficker Raul Flores Hernandez.
Mexican singer Julio Cesar Alvarez is also on the list.
Both he and Rafa Marquez are accused, in a US treasury department statement, of having "longstanding relationships with Flores Hernandez… acted as front persons for him and his DTO [drug-trafficking organisation] and held assets on their behalf".
It is the single largest such designation of a drug trafficking organization ever by its Office of Foreign Assets Control, the statement said.
The former Barcelona and New York Red Bulls star who currently plays for the Mexican club Atlas in Guadalajara is captain of the Mexican national team.
The statement said the ruling meant that any assets of theirs under US jurisdiction or controlled by people in the US would be frozen.


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Gotta love this!
First of all if you haven't seen "The Avengers" yet go to the local toy store, grab any super hero accessory still available and get your butt down to the theater! It was AWESOME.
Once that's done, come back home and add our favorite green shake to your regular regimen: GAMMA PUNCH! Pack in the veggies, protein, and healthy fats you need all in one nutritionally packed powerhouse!
Check out this great photo…...read more Post a comment (0)


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Posted by Bailey in Random | 5 Comments
Review: Pandemonium by Lauren Oliver
Pandemonium by Lauren Oliver
February 28, 2012
I'm pushing aside the memory of my nightmare,
pushing aside thoughts of Alex,
pushing aside thoughts of Hana and my old school,
like Raven taught me to do.
The old life is dead.
But the old Lena is dead too.
I buried her.
I left her beyond a fence,
behind a wall of smoke and flame.
Lauren Oliver delivers an electrifying follow-up to her acclaimed New York Times bestseller, Delirium. This riveting, brilliant novel crackles with the fire of fierce defiance, forbidden romance, and the sparks of a revolution about to ignite.
My Review:
You know those books that you just speed through in a matter of hours because of how awesome they are?? Well, the sequel to DELIRIUM, PANDEMONIUM is one of those books and much, much more. I was really nervous going in, wondering if it would be near as good as DELIRIUM and worrying about the possibility that it wouldn't be. I should not have doubted Lauren Oliver, though. While I may be just a tad upset about that HUGE cliffhanger ending, she did a job well done on PANDEMONIUM and I will be waiting on pins and needles for the conclusion to this fabulous trilogy!
Lena is back and better than ever in PANDEMONIUM. She isn't the naive and innocent girl that she was at the beginning of DELIRIUM–not at all. Still reeling from events that occurred at the end of DELIRIUM, Lena takes time to build herself back up into a strong and powerful woman who is NOT happy at those who support the cure for deliria. In PANDEMONIUM, she will face all kinds of challenges that force her to step up and assume a more independent role among those of her kind: "Invalids".
Remember how DELIRIUM ended? Remember how you just sat there for hours and hours after reading the final words, wondering how Oliver could do this to you? How would you be able to wait for the next book??? Well, get ready to relive those feelings again because PANDEMONIUM ends on one heck of a cliffhanger. This one may actually be worse than DELIRIUM, if that's any indication. But the ending will be worth all of the satisfaction and roller coaster emotions you go through in PANDEMONIUM.
Run, don't walk, to the bookstore the moment PANDEMONIUM hits shelves. Make sure to leave some free time for yourself to read this book in one sitting because you won't be able to set it down for even a second!!
My Rating:
Pandemonium's ending is worse than Delirium? Gosh, I won't be able to live through this! LOL Admittedly, I did not like Delirium as much as everyone did (I think it was my first dystopian book) but hopefully now that I've read more books of that genre, I'll be able to fully enjoy Pandemonium. Obviously I'm dying to know what happens, after Delirium's cliffhanger. I still remember crying and telling my sister about the ending (she doesn't read many books and she always listens when I have a devastating ending I want to share with someone, it's kind of like therapy, really). I've already preordered it so all that's left is waiting until 28th even when it still seems so far away.
You know how I feel about this one Bailey!!! I get all emotional just thinking about this book and those last few pages. *dies*
Great review without giving anything away! I haven't read Delirium yet even though I have two copies of it! I will get to it soon. But I hate Cliffies like that! I hate them!! Like we won't read the third. Well, actually, it's probably a smart idea. B/c if you have to wait a year and it didn't end on a big cliffie, you might not be as excited about reading it. So kudos to Oliver for figuring that one out!
I completely agree! As you know, I read practically the whole thing while waiting at the airport in Dallas, and OMG, it was AMAZING. So glad to hear that you loved it too, Bailey! =)
OMG!!! i've read pandemonium, just to break the new apart from julian (the new boy charector), she falls in love with him and when they are together…BOOM!!! She sees Alex…


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Two men whose bodies were found in the trunk of a parked vehicle Friday on the Southwest Side died from blunt head trauma in assaults, the Cook County medical examiner's office found following autopsies today.
The deaths of the two men, who remained unidentified this afternoon, were ruled homicides by the medical examiner's office. Police were called to the 2400 block of West 45th Street in the Brighton Park neighborhood about 10:10 a.m. when a woman found her boyfriend's car parked there, according to police.
The woman had reported her boyfriend missing within the last several days and called police when she found his 2000 Honda Accord parked, with what appeared to be blood on the hood, according to the report.
The officers who responded to the woman's call found the bodies in the trunk of the car after they smelled a foul odor and opened the trunk, according to police.
No one was in custody in the slayings this afternoon, and no other details were being released while the homicide investigation continued, according to Chicago Police Department News Affairs.
Twitter: @ChicagoBreaking


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Download EBOOK Spectrum Reading Workbook, Grade 5 PDF for free
Category: Children's Books
The author of the book: Compiled by Spectrum
Format files: PDF, EPUB, TXT, DOCX
The size of the: 570 KB
Language: English
Edition: Spectrum
Date of issue: 15 August 2014
Description of the book "Spectrum Reading Workbook, Grade 5":Spectrum Reading for Grade 5 includes focused practice for reading comprehension including fiction and nonfiction passages, theme and summarization, integration of knowledge and ideas, and key ideas and details. Spectrum(R) Reading workbooks contain focused practice for reading comprehension, including letters and sounds, word recognition, integration of knowledge and ideas, key ideas and details, main idea, story structure, theme, and summarization. Each lesson features an illustrated story followed by exercise in comprehension. A variety of fiction and nonfiction reading passages combined with standards-based learning make these workbooks an essential resource for school success. A complete answer key is included. Spectrum, the PDF best-selling workbook series, is proud to provide quality, educational materials that support your students' learning achievement and success.
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by Helen Hartel
Shasta, a four-year-old female American Staffordshire Terrier/Dalmatian mixed breed has a sad history, but through it all, she has kept her gentle demeanor. While there isn't much known about her past, and what is known is heart-wrenching, in spite of her hard times, she has maintained a zest for life that's almost inspirational.
As you probably noticed, she has a huge "smile" that appears very welcoming. You may also have noticed that she lost one eye, and she is blind in the other. Don't let that sway you from adopting her. Just like blind people, blind dogs are highly adaptable.
Here are some things you should know about her:
- She loves to be with people.
- She finds her peeps by sniffing around and then jumping up to be with them.
- She is very gentle.
- She loves to be the recipient of a good petting and get some scratching behind her ears.
- She walks well on leash and has learned her way around the shelter while going for walks.
- She enjoys spending time in the shelter's "real room" lounging on the futon.
She is not timid about exploring or being in a play yard on her own, and her confidence should only continue to grow when her new family takes her into their home and shows her the lay of the land.
Because her blindness is recent and her senses are overly heightened, she will need to be the only dog at her home right now. That's not to say that down the road, once she get used to her new surroundings and life without her sight, that another dog could possibly be introduced to her. She just needs time to adjust for now. There are volunteers at the shelter that have adopted blind dogs. If you want to talk with someone about living with a blind dog, many would be happy to assist.
If you are looking for a gentle girl to show you the loyalty that "Staffies" are known for and have a special place in your heart for a girl with special needs, ask to meet her now. She will make you smile every time you lay eyes on her, maybe a smile as wide as hers.
To adopt Shasta, request A4675348. The Agoura Shelter is at 29525 Agoura Road, Agoura Hills. Occasionally pets have already been adopted. To check availability, call 818-991-0071 or visit http://animalcare.lacounty.gov


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The G20 Hamburg summit managed to happen this weekend amidst protest and police clashes with black bloc-ing anarchist groups. World leaders gathered to talk the talk in front of flashing cameras and eager journalists, although it seems not much came out of it.
Everything politicians say these days tends to sound the same. However, French President Emmanuel Macron, the new Justin Trudeau of the fangirling liberal left, managed to find a way to make some really odd remarks when asked about the situation in Africa.
[VIDÉO] Au G20, interrogé sur l'#Afrique, Emmanuel #Macron se lâche sur les «7 à 8 enfants» des Africaines. Un problème «civilisationnel». pic.twitter.com/pJgdaeuuoz
— Politis (@Politis_fr) July 10, 2017
"The challenges in Africa are totally different… It is civilisational. What are the problems in Africa? The failed states, the complex democratic transition, the demographic transition…"
Macron went on to say that one of the other challenges is the increasing population, stating that Africa had a ratio of 7-8 children per woman while complaining that France spent millions of Euros in trying to stabilise the continent.
Macron's statements should be making the news, but because he's the considered to be the 'moderate' foil to the horror-show that is Marine Le Pen and her Front National, the world is turning a blind eye to his hypocritical and ignorant criticisms of the continent.
Imaginez le même discours prononcé par Sarko ou Le Pen, le tollé dans les médias, l'indignation publique, alors que la avec Macron ca passe.
— François #M1717 (@flicerinos) July 10, 2017
It makes no sense to say that the challenges facing Africa have anything to do with 'civilisation'.
Are we still using pseudoscience and eugenics to determine which populations are progressing the fastest? Macron sounds like Le Pen did earlier this year when she said that France played no role during the Holocaust. A simple history lesson could explain why Africa is facing the challenges it is.
But before we take this little trip down the memory lane of colonial rule and post-colonial state interference, let's be clear on something Macron didn't bother to mention. Africa is not a country. You cannot, as a world leader (or even an ordinary person on the streets with no political ambitions) conflate African countries with 'Africa'.
It is harmful to each country for the continent to still be regarded as a playhouse for European leaders. At a world summit of leaders, for questions about 'Africa' to go floating around as though we are a monolith without our individual state challenges and strengths, perpetuates the idea that Africa is a 'dark continent' in need of Western aid.
Macron is confident in rattling off a list of all the wrongs that Africa is currently facing while conveniently forgetting that his own country was on the brink of democratic and regional turmoil until just a few months ago. In fact, the whole of Europe continues to teeter on that brink, but Africa receives the misplaced concern borne of the Western saviour mentality.
C'est quand la civilisation est tellement pourrie qu'elle élit un quasi-inconnu fantoche à la tête d'un état puissant. #wink
— Franck φ🌿 (@FranckAlbi) July 10, 2017
Macron is right in saying that the issues Africa is facing are totally different. But this has nothing to do with civilisation. African states remain divided into borders created by European colonial rule. Africa's resources and labour remain plundered by European states, not to mention the new additions of China and Israel. Since the rebirth of independence states, any African leader seeking to create self-sufficient states has been assassinated or overthrown by Western interference If Macron is worried about the burden of cost that France is facing in sending aid to Africa, he should think about the burden of cost Africa is currently facing as the result of historical plunder and theft from Europe. A change of perspective makes it seem a lot more like reimbursement, right?
Au lieu de reverser qques euros en aide pourquoi on rembourse pas les milliers de milliards qu'on doit à l'Afrique pour le pillage ?
— Audinot Baptiste (@Bapts54) July 10, 2017
Africa's problems, for the most part, have not been caused by Africa. Macron mansplains about population growth and childbearing but can't even get the statistics right. While you can't properly calculate the birthrate of a continent where each country has very different birth and child mortality rates, the ratio of children to women is closer to five than seven or eight.
Do African, Asian and South American leaders talk about European birthrates with the same paternalism? It's not as if there aren't enough resources for African children, they're simply being stolen.
Macron's win in the French election was seen by some as a victory of sorts. The obvious fascism of Le Pen was left behind in the wake of the centrist En Marche! However, on the topic of Africa, Macron is aligning himself more closely with the foolishness of Trump through bypassing this necessary context and simply criticizing the continent and its people. As a president, you ought to know at least a little about politics.


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Check out our interview with Pam Didner at Content Marketing World where she talks to us about defining content lifecycles and managing collaborators!
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Sylvester "Skip" Sviokla III, MD
Sylvester "Skip" Sviokla III, MD is a 1967 graduate of Harvard College and a 1972 graduate of Harvard Medical School. He was owner and medical director of Skip Sviokla Entertainment Medicine, Inc. and of Medical Weight Management, Inc. in MA. Additionally, he has served as an emergency-room director, a chief of occupational medicine, and a VP of outpatient services in a number of hospitals. In recent years since his struggle with substance abuse and the loss and eventual reinstatement of his medical license, he has received certification from the American Society of Addiction Medicine and is a Diplomate of the American Board of Addiction Medicine. He is a staff orientation speaker for Rhode Island Hospital, where he talks to incoming physicians about the perils of substance abuse and addiction in the medical community. He is the medical director of several methadone clinics in RI and co-owns a substance abuse clinic dedicated to helping others get well and regain their lives.


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Versatile Blogger in the House!
Thank you my dear Audrey for the nifty, neato nomination! I am always honored that anyone reads the junk I write. I appreciate it more than I can put in words. It's just super, off-the-hook cool!
So thank you to the lovely and remarkable Audrey of Like Crazy. I'm not one to buy into conspiracy theories, but if you don't visit her site you're doomed for one week of bad hair days. It's true…I read it on the internet.
The point of the award is to recognize the giver and to pay it forward to other bloggers..
Here are da rulz:
Display the Award Certificate on your blog.
Announce your win with a post. Make sure you post a link back to me as a 'thank you' for the nomination.
Present 15 awards to 15 deserving bloggers.
Leave them a comment to let them know after you have linked them to a post.
Post 7 interesting things about yourself.
Seven Interesting things:
1. If I were I song, I'd be "Every Woman" probably the Whitney Houston version because that's my era.
2. I love 2 Chainz, Taylor Swift, Prince and One Republic. I don't know whats wrong with me.
3. My top three favorite men in Hollywood (my absolute fav's) are Alexander Skaarsgard, Fifty Cent, and Channing Tatum. In that order…I love variety.
4. I watch Shrek, Space Jams, and Who Framed Roger Rabbit alone..I don't care..I love it! (Like Icono Pop)
5. I dream in color and quite often have conversations and see memories of people who I no longer speak with or who have passed away. I've had dreams so real, I wake up in tears.
6. I've never had a one night stand
7. I believe in reincarnation AND I'm Christian
Now here are my fantastic nominees..go check them out please! (I LOVE every.single.blog I follow!)
5. Dating Dramas Of a Thirty Something
6. Smile Calm
8. A Series of Very Bad Decisions
10. An Open Secret
11. Another Single Womans Blog
15. Reject Reality
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How do I request assistance?
Prior to printing and submitting an application, please review our eligibility criteria.
Answers to many of the questions you may have while filling out the application can be answered by reviewing this information. Criteria and eligibility are subject to change without notice. Please review all information available before submitting your application or calling.
Please go to the "Application" section under the Families tab to print a copy. The form may be completed by the child's parent, physician, therapist, social worker, teacher or community liaison. Then please mail or fax the completed form to the address/fax number on the application. We do NOT accept applications via email or digital avenues.
If you have further questions that are not answered below, please call the charity office at 905.852.1799 Ext. 22 or toll free at 1.866.268.9187. For questions regarding invoicing, please contact the office at 905.852.1799 Ext. 32
I'm a service provider working with a family that has received an approval of funds from your charity. How do I submit an invoice to you and how long does it take to receive payment?
The first step is to request a copy of our authorization letter from the family that you're providing the services to. Our letter states our billing policies and approval details; the dollar amount of funding approved, what the funding is to be used for, the deadline (date) for submitting all final billing and our mailing address. All invoices must be received prior to the expiry date to allow time for processing.
If they are received after this date they will not be paid. If submitting your invoice close to the expiry date, please call to confirm that your invoice has in fact been received; we will then check and get back to you if it has not been received.
Payment usually takes 2-3 weeks but can take up to a month to process depending on volume. We are a small organization with limited staff and do our best to process payments in a timely manner; your patience/understanding is appreciated.
For questions regarding invoicing, please contact 905.852.1799 Ext. 32
How soon can I expect a call back after leaving a message?
Please understand we do receive numerous calls each day from parents making inquires on the status of their application, social/community service workers as well as a high volume of applications. We try to respond as quickly as possible, however you may not receive a return call for up to three business days.
How long will it take to process my application?
Our first priority as an organization is emergency assistance. All other applications are reviewed as soon as possible on a first-come first-served basis. Please note that incomplete applications, or those that do not include all relevant financial information, will experience a delay until all documentation is received.
You have assisted our family in the past, are we able to apply again?
Yes, you are able to apply to JACC again if your child's expenses due to their medical needs are still over and above what your financial situation can cover.
Please note that we receive a high volume of requests. We will do our best to assist where we can, however we cannot guarantee ongoing assistance. Please ensure that you continue to look for alternative organizations, service clubs etc. for additional assistance.
You may only apply once in a 12-month time frame.
The Jennifer Ashleigh Children's Charity assists with emergency household expenses. I've recently lost my job; can you help me with my rent?
Our guidelines with regard to emergency household assistance are to assist when a child's medical expenses cause the family to be unable to pay their bills. Unfortunately if the need for financial assistance is not due to the child's expenses, we do not assist. We are unable to assist with mortgage payments.
We need assistance with our child's therapy, preschool fees and transportation to appointments. Can you help me with everything we need?
Please prioritize your needs on your application. Due to the high volume of requests we receive, we are not always in a financial position to assist with everything requested. We will give consideration to your greatest needs first.
A family member is providing care for our child and driving them to school and medical appointments. Do you provide financial assistance for payment to a family member?
No, we do not reimburse family members as our assistance is intended to provide additional support beyond that which is normal family responsibility.
Do you call me when the assistance provided is complete?
No. It is the responsibility of the parent/guardian to track all funds utilized/paid to service providers.
PLEASE NOTE: Please ensure your child's first and last name is included on all correspondence, statements or financial information that is faxed or mailed to us to ensure that we are able to identify which application it applies to.


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Schoeppner Organizing Solutions was created because of my desire to do something meaningful every day, to affect the lives of others in a positive, productive and lasting way.
The most enjoyable part of past jobs has included training people and finding solutions that help people do their jobs more efficiently.
I am very enthusiastic about organizing and the help that brings to others' lives. As a member of NAPO (National Organization of Professional Organizers), I support and practice the Code of Ethics set forth by the organization.
I am a life-long resident of Council Bluffs. I have a BBA in Transportation/ Logistics from Iowa State University and a major in Management Information Systems from the University of Nebraska at Omaha.
I am very involved in the Community and am currently a member of:
Council Bluffs Schools Alumni Association
American Business Women's Association
Leadership Council Bluffs Alumni Association
Council Bluffs Planning Commission
Council Bluffs Area Chamber of Commerce
I have previously been a member of:
Council Bluffs Service League
Council Bluffs Jaycees
Home | About Donna | Services | FAQ | Satisfied Clients | Contact


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In it to WIN it! Ladies Tee-Livestock
In it to WIN it! Let everyone know that you are In it to WIN it this show season. Choose between Steer,Lamb, Goat, Pig icon.
- 4.3-ounce, 100% ring spun combed cotton, 32 singles
- Charcoal Grey t-shirt
- White & Hot Pink Vinyl


text: Members of the medical response, fire, safety and security brigades at the Allentown Works of AT&T Technology Systems inspect the MedEvac helicopter (right) during practice landing maneuvers yesterday at the Allentown Works. AT&T worked with MedEvac and the Lehigh Valley Hospital Center to establish an adequate landing site east of the Lehigh River that would serve Allentown and West Bethlehem in the event of a serious accident. The Allentown works was chosen for the site because its wide front campus can accommodate a helicopter landing (above) and for its proximity to Union Boulevard. Before the 9 a.m. landing, Dr. George Moerkirk, director of the MedEvac program, discussed the MedEvac operation and the center's trauma unit with members of the company's emergency response teams.


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by Senan
Trampoline Scene are a three piece indie band based in Galway/Clare. We are, Senann Sheedy-Vocals/Guitar, Joe Keane-Bass Guitar and Liam Ryan- Drums/Percussion.
Over the past year we have built up a credible support base (thank you). To date we have played mainly in Cork, Galway Limerick and Clare. We are eager to play festivals and more venues throughout Ireland and further afield also. Our link can be found on
Do check us out you won't be disappointed.
Join in and write your own page! It's easy to do. How? Simply click here to return to Promote Your Festival Act.
Things change, always check details with a second source. We do not guarantee the validity of information found here and on associated websites and therefore can not be held liable. www.FestivalPig.com © All Rights Reserved 2007-2015.


text: Intercruises' continued growth, experienced industry figures and new business partnerships has created a rich source of editorial content. We often work with editorial teams on interviews, opinion pieces and features. If you are working on a project and would like to involve Intercruises, please get in touch with our Media Contact.


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The word "challah" is found in the Bible, and it refers to the showbreads that were displayed in the temple sanctuary and eventually eaten by priests. Around the 15th Century, Ashkenazic Jews in eastern Europe developed challah as it is known today.
When the Temple stood in Jerusalem, 12 loaves of bread, referred to as the Lechem HaPanim, continuously were on display. These loaves were baked by the priests and replaced each week to keep them fresh for Shabbat.
When the Temple was destroyed, the rabbis created symbolic rituals to preserve the memory of the Temple, one of which was called "hafrashat challah," or "the removal of dough." In this ritual, a small portion of the dough made for bread was separated and disposed of as a symbolic reminder of the offering of the Lechem HaPanim.
Challah as it is today was first created by Ashkenazic Jews in eastern Europe. It is thought that the braiding or twisting was a pun on twisting off the little piece of first dough as a reminder of the Temple sacrifices. The braided shape is believed not to be of purely Jewish origin but modelled after twisted white breads that were found through central Europe and the Slavic countries.


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Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R was already often hung in various motor show in Jakarta since a year ago. But this was the Kawasaki finally confirm the launch schedule.
This was said National Sales Manager of PT Kawasaki Motor Indonesia (KMI) Freddyanto Basuki told the media on Tuesday (07/05/2011).
"It's true we have introduced earlier in the year 2010 and then but we can not sell it at the time. And we think now is the right time to introduce to the community," said Freddy.
ZX-6R Kawasaki is a global product, so that Kawasaki should equate to the product outside of Indonesia.
"Basically that in Europe and in America, the product is changed in the early and mid-year, so now is the perfect time to be introduced," he said.
Freddy revealed no difference in the Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R to be introduced this week with the Ninja ZX-6R in the year 2010.
"Therefore we also will introduce a new well in this year. Dit Ahun the 2011 majority was almost the same as the Ninja ZX-6R we introduce 2010. But there will be several different parts such as stripping, setting and some other parts, "he said.
When asked what price tag to bring home a large vehicle, he replied.
"Definitely under Rp. 250 million, but remained at the head number two. Because of its luxury sales tax only 75 percent. So patiently to find out on Friday only.


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Il Volo Discuss Their Overnight Success
You may have noticed three young Italian dudes with really, really big operatic voices on American Idol recently. Then you may have noticed that those three young Italian dudes, named Il Volo, suddenly had a self-titled debut album jet immediately to the Top Ten of Billboard's Top 200 Albums Chart. And now everybody is talking – even them!
Yep, the trio – Piereo Barone, 17, Ignazio Boschetto, 16, and Gianluca Ginoble, 16 – have translated overnight success in the European boot country into a meteoric rise here. So what do they think of all this chatter? Us Weekly just caught up with them in our NYC office to hear what makes them tick.
UsMagazine.com: When did you first start singing?
Ignazio Boschetto: We started when we were three years old, but started to seriously sing two years ago. We met on an Italian television show and the producer of the program decided to put our voices together and from there our group was born. Our first song was "Il Sole Mio"
Us: Why did you choose the name Il Volo?
Piero Barone: Because the music makes us fly.
Us: What makes your group unique?
Gianluca Ginoble: This is the first time that young boys are singing this kind of music.
Ignazio Boschetto: The voice. Because we are three different voices put together as one group.
Us: Is this your favorite type of music?
Ignazio Boschetto: No, we listen to every kind of music. We listen to everything from Elvis Presley to Pavarotti. We hope to bring our music to the younger generations.
Gianluca Ginoble: Lady Gaga, Eminem, Black Eyed Peas. Every kind. Again, we are sixteen years old so we are young.
Us: You are on the same label as Lady Gaga and Eminem. What is it like being a part of Interscope?
Ignazio Boschetto: We met Lady Gaga and it was incredible.
Piero Barone: It is a great opportunity and we are so lucky because we have the same contract as Lady Gaga and Eminem. We were asked to sing at a party after the Grammy's and Puff Daddy came up to us and said 'welcome to our family.' It was incredible and so beautiful.
Us: Do you have any musical inspirations of your own?
Ignazio Boschetto: Not really.
Us: You recently performed on American Idol. What was that like? (Watch their performance here.)
Piero Barone: One word, Jennifer Lopez!
Ignazio Boschetto: The standing ovation was incredible.
Us: Did you watch the show prior to performing?
Ignazio Boschetto: Yes because in New York it was live but in Italy it was not.
Us: Do you have a favorite contestant on the show? Do you have any predictions who will win tonight?
Piero Barone: I like the boy, Scotty [McCreery].
Gianluca Ginoble: No for me it is Lauren Alaina. I voted for her
Ignazio Boschetto: I like Lauren too.
Us: You are so successful at such a young age, do you have any advice that you would give to your fans who are looking to fulfill their dreams?
Ignazio Boschetto: Always believe in your dreams. Don't lose sight of your dreams because it is very important to have new artists and new talent in this industry.
Gianluca Ginoble: Especially because there are many new and young artists like Justin Bieber, Selena Gomez, Miley Cyrus, Jonas Brothers, and now Il Volo.


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We're getting ready for 2019. The Red River Heritge Fair (and Symposium not only has a crew to run the
How to
Hey, how can I bring more of my students to the Red River Heritage Fair?
Art Category at the Red River Heritage Fair and Symposium needs your entries! Let your creative students shine!! To celebrate our
Our Friends and Allies
Do you like baseball and heritage?
The Red River Heritage Fair, with the help of the Winnipeg Goldeyes, is holding a fundraiser. Buy tickets for the


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Sunday Summer 3 Coed Recreational Sixes 2017 Volleyball · Co-Ed Recreational
Maximum teams: 24
- Team Fees
- Regular 252.0 per team
- Free Agent Fees
- Regular 42.0
Sun Rec 6s Bracket.pdf LEAGUE DESCRIPTION
Not ready for the weekend to be over? We know how you feel. Continue the fun on Sunday night with our coed recreational sixes league. Teams in this league play at an intermediate skill level and many have been coming back year after year due to the laid-back vibe of this particular league.
Session Format: Seven-week regular season, with a single-elimination, end-of-session tournament in Week 8. All teams will make the tournament, but only one will win our purple "champions" t-shirts.
Team Format: Sixes teams must play with no more than three men and at least one woman. Two women are required for tournament week.
League Notes:
Registration is closed


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market research - Company Description 9
Budget $30-250 USD
General description:
I am assembling a team of 6 people to do a very simple data entry process in the next few hours. Each person will have a portion of a big project that I need to prepare by tomorrow. This project, Company description 9, is one of those 6 pieces.
This project consist on copying and pasting the company overview (sometimes called company profile or company description depending on the website), for around 80 organizations, from one of the following websites into the attached spreadsheet:
[url removed, login to view]
[url removed, login to view]
[url removed, login to view]
The company's official website and worst case scenario other databases could be used as alternative source of information but most of it is available in the above websites.
Each overview should not be longer than one [url removed, login to view] of what is expected for each profile are provided at the beginning of the spreadsheet. In addition, industries and countries were each organization operates is included in the spreadsheet to give additional reference points if needed.
This is a very simple but time sensitive project. I expect to compile the entire database tomorrow at 5 am EDT. It is required that applicants to this project are fully available to return the completed assignments in 6 hours following the acceptance of the project and no later than 5 am EDT tomorrow April 26. Please make sure you have the time to complete the task on time. Projects delivered after this deadline (5 am EDT, April 26) will not be received and milestone will be challenged without exceptions.
Please find attached the spreadsheet to be completed. Only column "company overview" for all the organizations needs to be completed.
Do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.
Thank you.
Ps. In case of multinational companies, use description of parent company regardless of the location of the subsidiary. This means that if you have "Alcoa Brazil" in your spreadsheet, don't search for the specific profile of "Alcoa Brazil" but rather for Alcoa the profile of "Alcoa"


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Meditation, ~ Current Rules
Meditation, ~ Current Rules
Nov 2 2008, 04:45 PM
Post #1
Group: Members
Posts: 3,137
Joined: 23-November 07
Member No.: 69
The system limit for Meditation rate is x7 [6 increases].
[This is the full sit down shut up 2nd age meditation – to a maximum improvement of Aware Meditation]
The system limit for Greater Aware Meditation style abilities is x5 [4 increases]
[Typically limited to a given location, eg 30' radius from start point]
The system limit for Travelling Meditation style abilities is x3 [2 increases]
[Where you have an ability to travel and meditate at the same time]
Note 1: that abilities such as; Pure Mediation [Priests now med at base 7 spirits per hour] and Clear Meditation [neuronics base increased to 6tblp per influx from 3tblp] count as an increase.
Note 2: regeneration of power type abilities, do not work at the same time as meditation unless specifically noted. Even if noted still counts as an 'increase', and 'increases' to the regen rate of power apply against the system limits.
Note 3: It is possible to 'recover' more than 1 power type at a time, but they cannot be of the same bracket of power.
Eg Healing Only spirits from Spiritual Healer cannot be meditated at the same time as normal spirits.
Eg Mana and Mantic Mana are the same power and cannot be simultaneously medded- though the Magical med rate abilities apply equally to both sets of Mana.
Note 4: When meditating for more than one power type at a time the system limits for med rate still apply, the total increase limit needs to be split.
Note 5: Increases in med rate only apply to the power base of the ability granting it.
Eg +1x med rate from Devout Priest multi-class only applies to spirits.
Eg +1x med rate from Willow Talisman only applies to Earth Power
Note 6: Non-standard increases will typically apply in the same manner as above, though it is possible that a med rate increase may affect more than one power type.
However each separate power it is used against counts separately against the med rate limits.
Eg Hamish the Elysian Vivomancer has 'Pacifist: Because I can't hit things I gain +x1 med rate'. This non-standard would apply to any of Hamish's medding for mana and spirits and would count as two increases if he was medding for both powers at the same time.
Note 7: It is only possible to benefit from one temp increase in med rate unless both state they are cumulative.
Note 8: It is only possible to benefit from one external increase in med rate unless both state they are cumulative.
Note 9: Typically abilities such as Aware Meditation only apply to the power bracket for the ability they have been purchased for.
Note 10:
Guilds [May 2008]
Cycle of Life: Natural Meditation applies only to Earth Power.
Talthar – Serenity: Meditation Focus is for spirits only.
Talthar- Unity: Harmony is +1 additional med rate – it may affect any singular power type.
Shaehan: Haven grants a +1x med rate temp increase but max 5 rate, [eg not over 4 increases]
Note 11:
Items will typically match the power of the artefact.
Note 12: If unsure whether a med ability is generic or specific assume the worst and seek out clarification from the GSM in person with the application.
Skywest and Crooked
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