text:
International Journal of Dentistry
Volume 2013, Article ID 351279, 11 pages
Strain Distribution in a Kennedy Class I Implant Assisted Removable Partial Denture under Various Loading Conditions
1Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
Received 30 January 2013; Accepted 19 March 2013
Academic Editor: Spiros Zinelis
Copyright © 2013 Reza Shahmiri et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Purpose. This in vitro study investigates how unilateral and bilateral occlusal loads are transferred to an implant assisted removable partial denture (IARPD). Materials and Methods. A duplicate model of a Kennedy class I edentulous mandibular arch was made and then a conventional removable partial denture (RPD) fabricated. Two Straumann implants were placed in the second molar region, and the prosthesis was modified to accommodate implant retained ball attachments. Strain gages were incorporated into the fitting surface of both the framework and acrylic to measure microstrain (μStrain). The IARPD was loaded to 120Ns unilaterally and bilaterally in three different loading positions. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) with an alpha level of 0.05 to compare the maximum μStrain values of the different loading conditions. Results. During unilateral and bilateral loading the maximum μStrain was predominantly observed in a buccal direction. As the load was moved anteriorly the μStrain increased in the mesial area. Unilateral loading resulted in a twisting of the structure and generated a strain mismatch between the metal and acrylic surfaces. Conclusions. Unilateral loading created lateral and vertical displacement of the IARPD. The curvature of the dental arch resulted in a twisting action which intensified as the unilateral load was moved anteriorly.
1. Introduction
A well-constructed removable partial denture (RPD) can be an adequate treatment option for the partially edentulous patient [1, 2]. The prosthesis is supported by the framework via teeth contact and by the distal extension base. The loading of the Kennedy class I is complicated by the mismatch of tissue resiliency and the abutment teeth which have different viscoelastic responses. The soft tissue under load has a displacement range of 350–500 µm, whereas a sound tooth has a displacement of 20 µm under the same load [3]. This mismatch of support will result in the transmission of torque forces to the abutment teeth via a rotational movement of the RPD [4]. In 1984 Watt and MacGregor [5] linked tooth mobility to the torque forces that are developed against the abutment teeth. In addition, the rotational movement of the RPD is directed towards the underlying soft tissue, and as a result the torque force in the soft tissue is then transmitted as a shearing force, which progressively causes resorption of residual ridges [6]. One of the recurrent problems associated with a bilateral distal extension RPD stems from the loading of the edentulous ridge [7]. While the above issues are detrimental to the patients tissues the RPD typically remains undamaged. Extensive research has been done on the design and materials used in RPDs. The RPD components and major connector have been fatigue tested and clinically assessed comprehensively. The most common failure of the RPD is predominantly due to fatigue of the clasp unit and incorrect casting or poor design of the framework [8–14].
The above issues associated with Kennedy class I RPDs have led to the use of posterior implants to resolve the biological issue. Placing two implant abutments distally in the mandible has been recommended to transform a Kennedy class I RPD into a tooth and implant assisted removable partial denture (IARPD) (or pseudo-Kennedy class III) [15, 16]. Implants in conjunction with a Kennedy class I RPD were used for the first time in the early 1970s [17], and since then clinical trials have indicated good implant survival rates [16–19]. Mijiritsky et al. [16] reported IARPD wearers had improved chewing ability and higher patient satisfaction. It is also well accepted that the use of implants to stabilize and support mandibular prostheses can increase maximum muscular function [15, 19–22]. However, several studies have reported complications, such as screw loosening, framework fracture, loosening of healing caps, fracture of framework, and/or acrylic denture bases [18, 23, 24].
Results from a multicenter randomized clinical trial of twenty-four patients fitted with an IARPD opposing a maxillary complete denture showed that after 12 months maintenance was required in 58.3% of the test group requiring intervention due to matrix activation/deactivation, loss of clasp retention, and fracturing of the IARPD acrylic [23]. Grossmann et al. [18] explained how important it is to consider the loading situation in the mandible because of the significant displacement of the denture base if it is not supported by the major connector. In a clinical report by Carpenter [25] it was reported that it would be best to construct a new RPD, indicating that this could avoid the major complication for IARPDs, which is the fracture of the acrylic around the implant attachment housing. Carpenter recommended the IARPD should be well reinforced, with metal around the location of the implant attachments. Kaufmann et al. [24], in an 8-year followup of implant supported removable appliances, which included IARPDs, found that technical complications were a regular occurrence. In the first year there was a very high rate of technical complications, mostly related to the anchorage system (matrices) of root copings and implants.
The cause of the complications can be linked to the additional forces placed on the prostheses and the altered support structure that needs to resist these forces. Verri et al. [26] used finite element analysis to measure the influence of the occlusal forces on IARPDs. They verified that there was no reduction in the tension forces on the abutment teeth, but there was a reduction in the support required from the posterior half of the residual ridge.
Bilateral balanced occlusion is suggested as an option for distal extension IARPD, to evenly distribute forces across the prosthesis; however, such an occlusal design is not easily achievable especially when the antagonist arch is fully dentate [27]. There are currently no studies comparing the effects of bilateral versus unilateral loading on Kennedy class I IARPD. Ohkubo et al. [28] conducted a single blind randomized crossover study of 5 partially edentulous patients (Kennedy class I). The study showed that the masticatory force and contact areas were greater and more distally located following placement of an IARPD. Del'Arco Pignatta Cunha et al.'s [29] finite element analysis study of the influence of the location of the implants in association with an IARPD found that maximum stress was located around the implant in all situations.
This study investigates how unilateral and bilateral occlusal loads are transferred to the IARPD. The aim is to better understand the strain distribution in a Kennedy class I implant assisted removable partial denture under various loading conditions. The hypothesis is that the location of the occlusal load will not alter the way the strain is transferred to the IARPD.
2. Materials and Methods
A mandibular clinical Kennedy class I situation was duplicated using two components, polyurethane and silicone. Polyurethane (Easycast) simulated the hard tissues (remaining teeth and bone). Easycast is a two-component rigid polyurethane compound with a Shore hardness scale of 65D. The Easycast was covered with a silicone layer (DeguDent, Deguform, Germany) to simulate the soft tissue. To standardize the experimentation the silicone covering the edentulous area was kept at a constant thickness of 2 millimetres. To achieve a uniform silicone layer the edentulous ridge areas of the mandibular model were covered with 2 mm of wax to simulate the maximum soft tissue thickness. A matrix was made with condensation silicone putty (Sil-Tech Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan/Liechtenstein). After removing the wax, Deguform was injected into the matrix, and the uniform silicone layer was produced. The silicone material used has a Shore hardness A of 14 to 16, which is comparable to human soft tissue, which ranges from 16 to 21 [30].
The implants and the interface between the root and PDL were considered to be bonded; the movement of the teeth was not considered [31, 32]. The properties of the periodontal ligament (PDL) reported in the literature are highly variable. Ruse [33] highlights the flawed PDL modulus of elasticity values used in various FEA articles. The average hardness value for PDL-alveolar bone is GPa, alveolar bone is GPa, tubular dentin is GPa, cementum is GPa, and PDL-cementum is GPa [34]. Factors such as size and shape of the root, thickness, loading direction, and nonlinear properties make PDL difficult to consider [34, 35].
The model of the mandible was a rigid polyurethane compound with a Shore hardness D of 65. This study did not load the prothesis to failure so the influence of the PDL and cementum and bone hardness were considered to be minor. The volume ratio of trabecular bone to cortical bone depends on the type of bone and varies with age and gender. The mandible has been classified as having a flat bone structure and flat bone can have a ratio of 25 : 75 of cortical to trabecular bones. The overall stiffness of the bone was considered by taking the average, based on the relative volume of each bone type. It was calculated as follows:
The elastic modulus 14.7 GPa for cortical bone and 0.49 GPa for trabecular bone was considered to be well represented by the rigid polyurethane compound used in this study [36].
A conventional cobalt-chrome molybdenum partial denture Kennedy class I RPD with a lingual bar, mesial occlusal rests, and I bar clasps on the first premolar abutments was fabricated (Wironit, BEGO, Bremer GoldschlägereiWilh, Germany). Vishay SR-4 general purpose strain gages (Vishay Electronic GmbH, Germany) were first placed on the fitting surface of the metal framework in a previously prepared slot to accommodate the strain gage thickness. In order to measure small changes in resistance, the strain gauges used had a Wheatstone bridge arrangement with a voltage excitation. The voltage recorded needed to be converted to a resistance change value and then ultimately to a strain value. To find the resistance changes from voltage excitation in the Wheatstone bridge, the gauge factor was calculated first. All values obtained from the strain gauges were placed in the equation below to calculate microstrain values. As the voltage excitation for the PowerLab system is 2.5 volts () the equation was modified to
All strain gauges had a gauge factor of 2.07. Therefore, by placing the value of the output voltage in the strain equation, the value of strain could be calculated. The gauges type was 3057 CEA-06-015UW-120 (Vishay Electronic GmbH, Germany), with the temperature coefficient of resistance of +0.59% per degrees Celsius over a temperature range of +10 to +65 degrees Celsius (Vishay Technical Note Manual). The nominal resistance for the gauges was 120 Ω, and the gauges dimensions were 0.15 mm. Two strain gages were placed perpendicular to one another in the mesial area of the metal framework. A further four strain gages were placed on the metal framework, around each implant site. The teeth were placed, and clear acrylic was processed for the base. A further twelve strain gages were then placed on the acrylic surface with the same orientation as on the metal framework (Figures 1(a) and 1(b)).
The holes for the implants were prepared on the model using a milling unit. Drilling was performed parallel to the path of insertion of the partial denture. A 2.2 mm diameter pilot drill (number 044.211) (Straumann Group, SIX: STMN, Basel, Switzerland) was used initially, followed by a 2.8 mm diameter drill (number 044.216), and finally a 3.5 mm diameter drill (number 044.219). Standard regular neck ( 4.8 mm) ITI Straumann dental implants were placed into the model in the region of the first molar.
Easycast resin-based material was poured into the holes and the implants were screwed into place and left for 72 hours to cure. Ball attachments were then placed on the implants and screwed down. Then the retentive caps (Straumann titanium matrix, 048.450) were placed on the ball abutments, and the partial denture was relined with chemical-cured acrylic to secure the retentive caps in place.
A load of 120 N was applied at a crosshead speed of 0.05 mm/sec using an Instron 3369 universal testing machine (Instron, Norwood, MA, USA). Two steel bars with different widths were used for the bilateral loading condition. A wider bar that covered all the denture teeth was used for the uniform loading, and a narrower bar was used to cover only the selected premolar and molar teeth. For the uniform unilateral condition a smaller bar was used. A thin silicone layer was placed between the bar and the teeth to distribute the forces more evenly. The silicone was placed on top of the teeth and a small amount of load was applied with the loading machine to ensure that even loading was achieved. The embedding of the bar into the silicone also minimized displacement of the steel bar during loading. A small V-shaped groove was created in the bar to locate the tip of the loading point accurately for the bilateral loading, whereas the uniform loading could be done by directly loading with a flat loading point fitted to the Instron (Figures 2(a), 2(b), 2(c), 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c)). The prosthesis was loaded, bilaterally and unilaterally, in the anterior premolar region, posterior molar region, and uniformly covering the premolar and molar regions. Each loading condition was repeated 10 times.
Loading was controlled using Instron Bluehill Lite Software. The data were detected as µvolts and recorded with Chart 5 software and PowerLab system (AD Instrument, Sydney, Australia). Data was presented as a graph and the highest points for all of the test cycles were manually recorded and converted to µStrain. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 18.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) with an alpha level of 0.05 to compare the maximum µStrain values of all three loading conditions. ANOVA was used to compare maximum mean µStrain values identified in each loading condition.
3. Results
3.1. Microstrain on the Metal Surface during Bilateral Loading
Predominantly all the three loading situations produced high tensile μStrain in the mesial area of the ridge in the buccal direction. Compressive forces were found in the anterior direction. Premolar loading produced lower μStrain around the implants compared to the mesial area of the IARPD. Molar loading created moderate μStrain around the implant and mesial area. Uniform loading developed a similar force distribution as per premolar loading, with a small decrease of μStrain in the mesial area (Table 1).
Statistical analysis of the highest microstrain values of all three loading conditions showed that there were significant differences () in the mesial area of the distal extension in the buccolingual direction. The maximum μStrain values in the mesiobuccal area of the distal extension are shown in Figure 4 to illustrate consistency of data and provide a comparison of the acrylic areas. Among the three loading conditions, molar loading showed the lowest μStrain values and had the most consistent maximum μStrain.
3.2. Microstrain on the Acrylic Surface during Bilateral Loading
Premolar loading produced high tensile μStrain in the mesial area of the residual ridge in the buccal direction, while relatively high it was proportionally lower than the µStrain around the implants. During molar loading higher tensile μStrain was recorded in general, while compressive µStrain was measured in the anterior direction in the mesial area of the IARPD. Premolar loading produced the highest tensile μStrain around the implant area with moderate compressive μStrain in the mesial area (Table 1).
Because both implant and mesial areas of the distal extensions showed high µStrain values under different loading conditions, it was important to identify whether the differences were statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 18.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) to compare maximum μStrain in all three loading conditions. ANOVA was used to compare maximum mean µStrain for each loading condition. The comparison showed a highly significant increase in the mean μStrain () around the mesial area of the distal extension in the buccolingual direction as the loading point moved forward. In contrast, a significant decrease of the mean µStrain () was observed in the buccolingual direction around the implant area as the loading point moved forward.
A correlation analysis in Figure 5 shows the reverse correlation when moving the load forward with an increase in the maximum μStrain (). During the bilateral loading, molar loading showed more even distribution of µStrain around both the mesial and implant areas of the acrylic.
3.3. Comparison of Microstrain Behaviour of Metal Framework and Acrylic Base (Bilateral Loading Conditions)
The maximum µStrain values of the bilateral loading conditions for the framework and acrylic base were compared. This was done to identify the most favourable loading condition. Unscrambler X V10.1 software (The Unscrambler X, Camo, Norway) was used to draw a 3D scatter plot graph. Molar loading resulted in lower μStrain and the best matching of the µStrain between the framework and acrylic (Figure 6).
3.4. Microstrain on the Metal Surface during Unilateral Loading
Premolar loading produced tensile µStrain in the anterior direction in the mesial of the metal framework, while compressive µStrain was also evident in the buccal direction in that same area. Molar loading produced similar µStrain patterns, but of a slightly lower magnitude. Uniform loading also produced similar µStrain patterns as the premolar and molar loading, but produced the lowest µStrain, except for the buccal gage around the implant (Table 1).
Of the three loading conditions, the highest µStrain values were recorded in the mesial area of the distal extension. There were significant differences () between the maximum µStrain of all three loading conditions, and as the loading point moved forward there was a significant increase in the compression µStrain.
3.5. Microstrain on the Acrylic Surface during Unilateral Loading
Premolar loading generated compressive µStrain in the mesial of the ridge with higher µStrain in the anterior direction. The µStrain around the implant was tensile with higher µStrain in the buccal and lingual directions. Molar loading produced the highest tensile µStrain in the mesial area of the ridge in the buccal direction, but in the anterior direction under the same loading condition there was compressive µStrain present. The area around the implant developed a more evenly distributed strain pattern. Uniform loading generated a very similar tensile pattern of µStrain around the implant. Again a similar pattern was seen in the mesial area, but of a lesser intensity (Table 1).
3.6. Comparison of Microstrain Behaviour of Metal Framework and Acrylic Base (Unilateral Loading Conditions)
The uniform unilateral loading showed less µStrain in both the framework and acrylic structures with more evenly distributed µStrain than premolar and molar loading. However, there was a mismatch of strain type, the acrylic was in tension, and framework was in compression during all unilateral loading conditions (Figure 7).
4. Discussion
The focus of this in vitro study was to investigate how the IARPD distributed occlusal load, to better understand the way an IARPD transmits occlusal load. The incorporation of ball attachments into existing Kennedy class I RPD has led to subsequent increase maintenance of the IARPD. The area that appears to be most affected is predominantly around the implant attachment, resulting in attachment failure and/or acrylic fracture [18, 23, 24]. A Kennedy class I IARPD effectively alters a free end to a bounded prosthesis. This fundamentally changes the load dynamics and gives more stability and support to the patient, which in turn increases masticatory loading [15, 16, 20, 22, 37, 38].
The hypothesis that the location of the occlusal load will not alter the way the strain is transferred to the IARPD is rejected. Bilateral loading provides more stability and consequently generates more με on the occlusal rest arms. During unilateral loading of an IARPD the curvature of the dental arch created more displacement laterally as well as vertically. An off-axis lever is created, resulting in a twisting of the metal structure, and as the load was moved forward the effect of the twisting increased. The twisting also increased the tissue response against the acrylic and resulted in greater tension on the external surface of the acrylic. The metal structure is not in contact with the implant and twisting of the rigid lingual bar resulted in compressive µStrain being developed on the metal surface. Since the implant attachment provides resistance to displacement most of the με was transferred to the areas surrounding the implant.
This study has certain limitations: (1) the μStrain patterns developed in IARPDs are complex, and the strain gauges measure the surface µStrain at certain points and in pre-determined directions; (2) the implant osseointegration and the physiological mobility of the abutment teeth were not considered; (3) this study only looks at one IARPD design and does not consider the numerous designs that could be adopted. This study is only able to provide insight into the strain developed within this particular model; (4) controlled loading conditions were investigated, namely, unilateral and bilateral; unilateral loading imitated a fully dentate maxillary and bilateral loading simulated a patient with a complete maxilla denture.
The physiological mobility of abutment teeth is unclear and potentially problematic to reproduce having one consistent material simulating the abutment and PDL produces more reliable results. In a finite element study by Ichim et al. [39] it was found that the strains in the mid-corpus and lower border of the mandible remain essentially the same regardless of the changes in the elastic modulus of the PDL. Each loading situation was tested 10 times on the IARPD; one test model was developed to limit the variables that could occur when using multiple models. The 120 N load selected represents a load relative to a standard bite force for a patient with an RPD [22] and was a load that the polyurethane model could repeatedly withstand without deforming.
Loading the premolar and molar uniformly resulted in strain development throughout the IARPD, rather than local strain. As the loading point is moved forward, the strain is more evenly distributed between the two supporting structures. This strain pattern is typical of a beam structure, with forces inwardly directed relative to the implant and occlusal rest. The IARPD acts like a typical beam due to the implant and occlusal rest restraining it from vertical movement. Therefore, moving the load closer to a supporting structure should reduce the amount of deflection in the beam. However, the beam deflection behavior was not always present; this was due to additional resistance from the soft tissue on one side of the model. Increases in tissue displacement resulted in greater flexural resistance, and consequently, higher µStrain developed on the acrylic surface.
There were significant differences () between the maximum µStrain values for the three loading conditions. The microstrain-time plot for the distobuccal gauge shown in Figure 8 provides further information about the microstrain behaviour during loading and unloading.
During the loading phase, the microstrain-time curve changed its slope just prior to reaching a maximum value during the loading phase. The contacting of the supporting tissue during the loading phase limited the flexure of the denture and thereby reduced the gradient of μStrain. A possible explanation is that as the load continued to increase, the prosthesis was in contact with the silicone, and further increase in load deflected both the acrylic and also the underlying silicone resulting in a lower rate of μStrain increase.
During the unloading phase there was an unusual interruption of microstrain identified in the plot graph. A gradual decline of microstrain values was observed during the initial unloading stage due to the recovery of the structure as the load was released. However, an interruption was noted during the unloading stage. This is consistent with an apparent partial reload during the unloading process. As indicated above, the acrylic made contact with tissue, so during unloading, initially the acrylic will recover, and the adhesion of the tissue will add additional force (the slight rise) before it releases.
The loading of the structure was also influenced by the location of the load and the supporting structures, which creates a lever. The implant and rest (resistance arm) are not in alignment with the effort arm (Figure 9). Misalignment between the resistance arm and effort arm could possibly cause lateral displacement. Bilateral loading minimized lateral displacement through the rest arms, but moving the loading point forward increases the length of the effort arm and as a result generates greater mechanical advantage. This resulted in more displacement and a larger tissue response and consequently a greater µStrain on the acrylic surface.
The µStrain on the metal around the implant was not influenced by moving the loading area forward. This is understandable as the metal structure did not have direct contact with the implant, but it did have support via the occlusal rests placed on the abutment teeth. Hence, the occlusal rest arms support the metal structure.
During bending the tensile forces are generated on the bottom surface of the structure and the top acrylic is put into compression. As acrylic is weak in tension and has a low elastic modulus, it is preferable that most of the flexural tensile forces are carried by the metal structure. During loading, the metal framework helps reduce the flexure of the structure and lowers the tensile με developed on the inner surface of the acrylic. Therefore, the rigidity of the metal structure in the neutral axis is important when limiting deflection.
In general, during unilateral loading the metal surface was subject to compressive µStrain, and the acrylic was in tension. The implant attachment provides retention and additional resistance to displacement during unilateral loading resulting in the μStrain being transferred to the areas surrounding the implant. There was a significant μStrain increase in the buccal of the mesial ridge area, from 59.1 μStrain to 234 μStrain as the loading point was changed from uniform to the molar area. The με then changes from a tensile to a compressive strain when the load point was moved to the premolar area. In contrast to bilateral loading, which gives the prosthesis more vertical stability, unilateral loading can result in simultaneous vertical and lateral displacement. A possible explanation for the strain pattern seen during unilateral loading is the curvature of the dental arch. The occlusal rest arm on the same side as the load will no longer act as a vertical support, but rather act as a fulcrum point during displacement and cause twisting of the structure. Since the implant provides retention, it could be expected that most of the μStrain will be formed around the implant during the twisting effect. However, the metal structure is not in contact with the implant and twisting of the very rigid lingual bar results in a compressive μStrain being developed on the metal surface. This twisting will increase the tissue response against the acrylic and result in much greater tensile force on the external surface of the acrylic. Therefore, as the load moves forward, the effect of twisting becomes greater and results in greater compressive µStrain occurring around the mesial area of the ridge (Figure 10).
This study reinforces the results found in Ohkubo et al. [20] which showed in a clinical study that there was an increase in distal loading after the placement of an IARPD. Del'Arco Pignatta Cunha et al.'s [29] finite elemental analysis study also identified that maximum stress was located around the implant area in IARPDs. It is clear that an IARPD creates a dynamic strain situation. This study illustrates that destructive strain patterns are present that could lead to the fracture of the IARPD acrylic.
5. Conclusions
(i)Unilateral loading created lateral and vertical displacement of the IARPD, which can result in strains and associated stresses on the major and minor connectors.(ii)Unilateral uniform loading of the IARPD generates a destructive strain correlation between the framework and acrylic base (acrylic in tension and framework in compression).(iii)The curvature of the dental arch created a fulcrum during unilateral loading which resulted in a twisting of the structure and as the load moved forward the effect of the twisting increased.(iv)Bilateral loading minimized lateral displacement, but when the load is moved forward the effect of the effort arm generated more strain on the occlusal rests.
Further research is needed to establish the appropriate design of IARPD frameworks.
Conflict of Interests
The authors have no conflict of interests to report.
The authors thank Peter Fleury for assisting in the strain gage setup. They appreciate the use of testing facilities at the School of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand, and the Sir Walsh Research Institute for their support.
- K. K. Kapur, "Veterans administration cooperative dental implant study-comparisons between fixed partial dentures supported by blade-vent implants and removable partial dentures—part IV: comparisons of patient satisfaction between two treatment modalities," The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 517–530, 1991. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- L. Rissin, R. S. Feldman, K. K. Kapur, and H. H. Chauncey, "Six-year report of the periodontal health of fixed and removable partial denture abutment teeth," The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 461–467, 1985. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. D. Manderson, D. J. Wills, and D. C. A. Picton, "Biomechanics of denture-supporting tissues," in Proceedings of the 2nd International Prosthodontic Congress, pp. 98–101, The C. V. Mosby, St. Louis, Mo, USA, 1979. View at Google Scholar
- B. D. Monteith, "Management of loading forces on mandibular distal-extension prostheses—part I: evaluation of concepts for design," The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 673–681, 1984. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. M. Watt and A. R. MacGregor, Designing Partial Dentures, Wright, Bristol, UK, 1984.
- D. J. Witter, A. F. de Haan, A. F. Käyser, and G. M. van Rossum, "A 6-year follow-up study of oral function in shortened dental arches—part II: craniomandibular dysfunction and oral comfort," Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 353–366, 1994. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. S. Brudvik, Advanced Removable Partial Dentures, Quintessence, Chicago, Ill, USA, 1999.
- C. G. Gapido, H. Kobayashi, O. Miyakawa, and S. Kohno, "Fatigue resistance of cast occlusal rests using Co-Cr and Ag-Pd-Cu-Au alloys," The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol. 90, no. 3, pp. 261–269, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- P. K. Vallittu and M. Kokkonen, "Deflection fatigue of cobalt-chromium, titanium, and gold alloy cast denture clasp," The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 412–419, 1995. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. Craig and J. Powers, Restorative Dental Materials, Mosby, St. Louis, Mo, USA, 2002.
- C. Y. Iwama and J. D. Preston, "Cobalt-chromium-titanium alloy for removable partial dentures," International Journal of Prosthodontics, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 309–317, 1997. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- Z. Ben-Ur, S. Matalon, I. Aviv, and H. S. Cardash, "Rigidity of major connectors when subjected to bending and torsion forces," The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol. 62, no. 5, pp. 557–562, 1989. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. J. Lewis, "Failure of removable partial denture castings during service," The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 147–149, 1978. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. H. B. M. Vermeulen, H. M. A. M. Keltjens, M. A. Van't Hof, and A. F. Kayser, "Ten-year evaluation of removable partial dentures: survival rates based on retreatment, not wearing and replacement," The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 267–272, 1996. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Bakke, B. Holm, and K. Gotfredsen, "Masticatory function and patient satisfaction with implant-supported mandibular overdentures: a prospective 5-year study," International Journal of Prosthodontics, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 575–581, 2002. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. Mijiritsky, Z. Ormianer, A. Klinger, and O. Mardinger, "Use of dental implants to improve unfavorable removable partial denture design," Compendium of Continuing Education in Dentistry, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 744–746, 2005. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. Fields Jr. and R. W. Campfield Jr., "Removable partial prosthesis partially supported by an endosseous blade implant," The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 273–278, 1974. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- Y. Grossmann, J. Nissan, and L. Levin, "Clinical effectiveness of implant-supported removable partial dentures—a review of the literature and retrospective case evaluation," Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 67, no. 9, pp. 1941–1946, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. A. Shahmiri, J. Aarts, V. Bennani, and M. Swain, "Mandibular Kennedy class I implant-assisted RPD: different loading conditions," in Proceedings of the IADR, Barcelona, Spain, 2010.
- C. Ohkubo, M. Kobayashi, Y. Suzuki, and T. Hosoi, "Effect of implant support on distal-extension removable partial dentures: In vivo assessment," International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 1095–1101, 2008. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- F. M. C. van Kampen, A. van der Bilt, M. S. Cune, and F. Bosman, "The influence of various attachment types in mandibular implant-retained overdentures on maximum bite force and EMG," Journal of Dental Research, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 170–173, 2002. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. Miyaura, M. Morita, Y. Matsuka, A. Yamashita, and T. Watanabe, "Rehabilitation of biting abilities in patients with different types of dental prostheses," Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 1073–1076, 2000. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Payne, D. V. Kuzmanovic, K. R. de Silva, and I. P. van Staden, "Mandibular removable partial dentures supported by implants: one-year prosthodontic outcomes," Journal of Dental Research, vol. 85, article 2570, 2006. View at Google Scholar
- R. Kaufmann, M. Friedli, S. Hug, and R. Mericske-Stern, "Removable dentures with implant support in strategic positions followed for up to 8 years," The International Journal of Prosthodontics, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 233–242, 2009. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. Carpenter, "The retrofit of an existing removable partial denture with implants: a case report," Implant Practice, vol. 3, pp. 10–16, 2010. View at Google Scholar
- F. R. Verri, E. P. Pellizzer, E. P. Rocha, and J. A. Pereira, "Influence of length and diameter of implants associated with distal extension removable partial dentures," Implant Dentistry, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 270–280, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. Wismeijer, M. A. J. van Waas, and W. Kalk, "Factors to consider in selecting an occlusal concept for patients with implants in the edentulous mandible," The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 380–384, 1995. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. Ohkubo, D. Kurihara, H. Shimpo, Y. Suzuki, Y. Kokubo, and T. Hosoi, "Effect of implant support on distal extension removable partial dentures: in vitro assessment," Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 52–56, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- L. Del'Arco Pignatta Cunha, E. P. Pellizzer, F. R. Verri, and J. A. Pereira, "Evaluation of the influence of location of osseointegrated implants associated with mandibular removable partial dentures," Implant Dentistry, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 278–287, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- V. J. Thomas, K. M. Patil, S. Radhakrishnan, V. B. Narayanamurthy, and R. Parivalavan, "The role of skin hardness, thickness, and sensory loss on standing foot power in the development of plantar ulcers in patients with diabetes mellitus—a preliminary study," International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 132–139, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- S. P. Ho, M. P. Kurylo, T. K. Fong et al., "The biomechanical characteristics of the bone-periodontal ligament-cementum complex," Biomaterials, vol. 31, no. 25, pp. 6635–6646, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Geramy and F. Sharafoddin, "Abfraction: 3D analysis by means of the finite element method," Quintessence International, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 526–533, 2003. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- N. D. Ruse, "Propagation of erroneous data for the modulus of elasticity of periodontal ligament and gutta percha in FEM/FEA papers: a story of broken links," Dental Materials, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 1717–1719, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- G. Pietrzak, A. Curnier, J. Botsis, S. Scherrer, A. Wiskott, and U. Belser, "A nonlinear elastic model of the periodontal ligament and its numerical calibration for the study of tooth mobility," Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 91–100, 2002. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. S. Fill, J. P. Carey, R. W. Toogood, and P. W. Major, "Experimentally determined mechanical properties of, and models for, the periodontal ligament: critical review of current literature," Journal of Dental Biomechanics, vol. 2, no. 1, Article ID 312980, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- W. J. O'Brien, Dental Materials and Their Selection, Quintessence, Hanover Park, Ill, USA, 4th edition, 2008.
- D. V. Kuzmanovic, A. G. T. Payne, and D. G. Purton, "Distal implants to modify the Kennedy classification of a removable partial denture: a clinical report," The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 8–11, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- W. Tumrasvin, K. Fueki, M. Yanagawa, A. Asakawa, M. Yoshimura, and T. Ohyama, "Masticatory function after unilateral distal extension removable partial denture treatment: intra-individual comparison with opposite dentulous side," Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 35–41, 2005. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- I. Ichim, J. A. Kieser, and M. V. Swain, "Functional significance of strain distribution in the human mandible under masticatory load: numerical predictions," Archives of Oral Biology, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 465–473, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus


text:
…for giving Stephen Landsburg a megaphone.
But Landsburg was Edgy. Contrarian. Provocative. Exactly what Kinsley and Weisburg wanted for Slate…
Daniel take his turn as the Sanitation Department:
Facts & other stubborn things: As misleading as…: "Now, though I cannot seem to find a reference, I have a vague memory that it was Murray Rothbard who observed [<<< DPK: Well we're clearly off to a bad start] that the really neat thing about this [Keynesian] argument is that you can do exactly the same thing with any accounting identity. Let's start with this one: Y = L + E; Here Y is economy-wide income, L is Landsburg's income, and E is everyone else's income. No disputing that one. Next we observe that everyone else's share of the income tends to be about 99.999999% of the total. In symbols, we have: E = .99999999 Y. Combine these two equations, do your algebra, and voila: Y = 100,000,000 L. That 100,000,000 there is the soon-to-be-famous "Landsburg multiplier". Our equation proves that if you send Landsburg a dollar, you'll generate $100,000,000 worth of income for everyone else."
No, no, no, no.
The Keynesian multiplier has two sides: income and expenditure. The economy's income today is the economy's expenditure yesterday. If you had a lot of income today but there was not a lot of expenditure today, then tomorrow you will have less income. Landsburg drops the expenditure side…. So by botching the income/expenditure distinction Landsburg gives us a triviality. Even Say did better than that…. Landsburg adds a genuine error. The slope of the consumption component… is not… the consumption share of output… [but] the marginal propensity to consume…. Keynes made the multiplier go because he had income and expenditure. When you have income and income you… just have a tautology…. Econ 101 students ought to know better because of course the Keynesian cross is pretty uniformly taught with both income and expenditure from the get-go!…
Apparently this reasoning, which Landsburg got from Rothbard, originally came from Hazlitt…: ...giving me yet another reason to never, ever, waste any of my precious time on this Earth reading Hazlitt.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
StarrJoyce is a Woman interested in meeting Men for: Online Flirting, Other, Meet In Person
I'm looking for someone to date and maybe have a long relationship with, but if not, no harm. I will be very upfront about one thing. I have Cystic Fibrosis. I'm ok with it, so I hope people can see beyond that and see the real me. I just want friends, family and love in my life, just like anyone else. I have a good and sometimes twisted sense of humor, you kinda have to in my life. I grew up in Southeast Texas and have lived in this area for almost two years now. Another upfront thing is, I live with my Mom and Dad, I do this for several reasons: They are barely some of the family I have left ...
|Terrell, Texas
|5' 6"
|Body Type
|Hair Color
|Eye Color
Register Free - A Limited Time Offer
Find similar Women looking for fun in Terrell!
psychobaybay / 24
Becca Joyce / 23
tanya1019 / 29
miss.real / 25
Thousands of new members sign up and create adult dating profiles every day so if your looking for sexy singles, join now and contact fellow Fling members looking to hook up and get laid tonight. Use our award winning, real-time video chat to get acquainted before you meet in person, or watch webcams that allow you to party with members live. Our mission is to make it easy and safe for you to browse personals, share photos and meet others online in Terrell, Texas.
Once you're a member, you can share sexy pic, explore fantasies, hang out in our live video webcam chat, and browse through our database of millions of members for swingers and singles looking for dates. Fling takes extra precautions to make sure you're only chatting with real, verified people in Terrell. Find your fling right now!
Browse Members in Terrell
Hookup with StarrJoyce in Terrell


text:
Learning Technology Grant Winner: Jacob Blackwell, PS 111
Award Years: 2015-2018
New York City Geographic District #5's proposal, FlippedTIPS for P.S. 111 Jacob Blackwell in Queens District 30, has been designed to provide a total of 42 major content teachers and Library Media Specialists with intensive, systematic professional development focused on integrating FlippedTIPS' exemplary technologies into the curricula of Science, Math, ELA and Social Studies at PS 111 Jacob Blackwell (a Priority school); Albert Shanker and nonpublic partner, St. Francis of Assisi School (grades PK-8). By adopting and adapting this $7M+ Technology Innovation Challenge Grant's PD model and Internet applications and adapting it to address the schools' curricula and library media needs, the 42 teachers will achieve four teacher objectives:
- Teachers will select topics in their curriculum (and/or community) focused on problem based learning which are recast as social problems.
- Teachers will learn and develop a WebQuest, an online inquiry-based lesson for their students.
- Teachers will develop a presentation for their classes using an online technology (PowerPoint, KeyNote, Prezi, Canva)
- Teachers will create a screencast/video to be used in order to "flip" one of their classes.
These produce the three student objectives: Students will…
- Score higher on state standards content exams
- Show significant gains in meeting the tech standards found in the ISTE NETS performance indicators
- Students will meet the Common Core Learning standards through their completion of the online PPA lessons created by their teachers.
The project will provide three to five days (15 hours) of onsite training, online activities follow-up technical assistance from the director of this nationally recognized technology integration project, and independent time for each teacher to develop technology products aligned to Common Core Learning Standards. FlippedTIPS has advanced the scores of thousands of Bronx secondary students since 2000, and will therefore be highly likely to be successful with the similar racially diverse and academically and economically challenged students in this project. The purpose of the FlippedTIPS project will be to assist teachers in creating technology-infused materials/lessons for use in their classes. The primary activities will be professional development workshops held at different times throughout the school year. At these PD workshops teachers will be introduced to the educational philosophies of blended learning/flipped teaching as well as the SAMR and TPACK models of technology integration. Teachers will develop lessons using OER to meet the New York State Learning Standards as well as the 3Cs. The FlippedTIPS training will be platform independent so it will not matter whether the individual schools/teachers use PCs, Macs, or other operating systems. The completed teacher lessons will be posted online at a dedicated site created for the Project as well as on teacher's and school's individual sites. There will be a special emphasis on having content teachers work with the Library Media Specialists in their schools, as the LMS become involved with teachers in collaborative projects using FlippedTIPS' technologies and Open Educational Resources (OER) in their media center or supporting teachers in their classrooms. An evaluation design used by FlippedTIPS will be implemented. Professional development training will also use FlippedTIPS' Public Policy Analyst (PPA), a real-world active learning approach to school/community/curriculum problems that students encounter in the course of their days. Students in the targeted classrooms will show increases in their critical thinking and problem solving skills as well as an increase in the proper use of online resources.


text: Typically, the group reenacts Civil War era events. Scout Pack 28 needed some lessons regarding Betsy Ross and the creation of the American flag to earn a badge. So Brad Lovelace, one of the scout parents, wrote a script entitled "History of the American Flag" and invited the HPC to bring it to life.


text:
Lauren Ralph Lauren
Slim Fit Stretch Pant
Details https://www.belk.com/p/lauren-ralph-lauren-slim-fit-stretch-pant/3202670NSSRPCNY0001.html
Orig. $100.00$59.99 59.99
Additional Information
Dress to impress in these comfort-waist dress pants. They're designed in a tailored fit with flat-front styling and comfortable fabric.
- Hook and eye closure
- Pockets
- Slim fit
- Machine washable
- Polyester/Rayon
California Residents
For orders being shipped to California, please click here for Proposition 65 WARNING.
Shipping Details
Shipping Details
Shipping your purchase is easy at belk.com. Depending on your shipping method and the destination of your package, you can expect it to arrive within 4-7 business days Shipping Information.
Return Details
Returns are easy at belk.com. Easy returns


text:
Police have released CCTV images of two men they want to speak with following a burglary in Burnley.
Officers were called around 11-30pm on Saturday, September 17th, to reports of a theft in Standish Street.
Two men are believed to have gained entry to a shop after breaking through a rear window. The pair then made off with a charity box.
PC Vicky Mountford, of Lancashire Police, said: "We are appealing for information following a burglary in Burnley.
"If you recognise either of these men please contact us immediately."
Anyone with information can call police on 101 quoting crime reference EF1609773.


text:
The Advantages of Smaller Classes
According to an article published on RationalWiki small class sizes are well known to have many advantages over large ones, to the point where average small class sizes are a positive factor in college rankings. Among the advantages for small classes are:
- Much more individual attention can be given to each student. This is the crux of the matter, and illustrates why private tutoring is so sought after. There are numerous elements to this:
- The class can adapt to the needs and interests of the students more easily, making them more interested in the lessons, and thus more willing to learn.
- Any student having difficulty with a particular lesson is less likely to fall through the cracks. In large classes the instructor might not realize a student is failing to understand the material until that student has failed the test. At this point it is too late, and the class will be moving on to another subject, making it unlikely for the student to ever learn the material in question.
- Small classes foster better student/teacher relations. A teacher in such an environment will learn all his students' names quickly, and learn their interests. Such a relationship makes it much more likely for a student to seek help from a teacher, when needed.
- It is much easier to cheat in large classes.
- More in depth assignments can be given. A teacher teaching a class of 40 rather than 22 is unlikely to assign more than one comprehensive paper (and rarely even that), is much more likely to rely on multiple choice exams rather than essays, and cannot give nearly as much feedback to each student.
- Smaller groups encourage participation more than large ones. Lecture hall-type classes rarely have any discussion whatsoever, and when they do it is very easy for students not to be involved. In a small class one cannot hide and hope to be overlooked. Participation is often mandatory.
- It is easier to get students to speak up in discussions in front of smaller groups than larger ones.
- Any potential advantages of larger classes have an upper limit. Clearly a class of 40 would be of advantage to no one, whereas smaller class sizes have no downward limit (obviously providing there is at least one student).
- More pressure to attend class, as one's absence would not go unnoticed.
- Any discipline problems are easier for a teacher to handle when a class is small.
We strive to keep our classes small and not to go for classes bigger than 24.


text:
DVD Obscura: Kevin Kline in French? Oui! Oui!
The New: Chess, Trolls, and Privileged Parents
Some great movies you might have missed during their recent arthouse runs are making their way to DVD, most notably the charming French import Queen to Play (Zeitgeist Video; now available), which stars Sandrine Bonnaire as a Corsican housekeeper whose life takes an unexpected turn when she discovers she has a flair for chess. We've seen this kind of middle-aged-blossoming story before, but Bonnaire and writer-director Caroline Bottaro (adapting a novel by Bertina Henrichs) give the tale some unexpected twists. The film also gets a boost from supporting player Kevin Kline — performing the entire role en français — and cinematographer Jean-Claude Larrieu (Elegy), who deserves some sort of kickback from the Corsican tourism board for making the island look so heavenly.
And speaking of cinematographers, one of the most talented men to ever peer into a viewfinder gets his due with Cameraman: The Life & Work of Jack Cardiff (Strand Releasing Home Video; now available). An exploration into the work of the man who shot such classics as The African Queen, Black Narcissus, and The Red Shoes, Cameraman follows Cardiff's extraordinary career from his work as a child actor in silent films to his well-deserved career achievement Oscar. Anyone who cares about movies and how they're made needs to check this one out.
The wonderfully weird Trollhunter (Magnet; August 23) takes the hand-held chills of The Blair Witch Project and Cloverfield and transports them to the Norwegian mountains, where three film students attempt to document the existence of trolls. They find a mysterious hunter who gets them closer to the monstrous action than they ever imagined. If you're a fan of new-millennial monster movies like The Host, Trollhunter will deliver the fun (and the occasional goosebumps).
A promising-looking newcomer that wound up being a big disappointment was The Best and the Brightest (Flatiron Film Company; now available), a satire about newly-transplanted Manhattan parents (Neil Patrick Harris and Bonnie Somerville) desperate to get their five-year-old daughter into a super-competitive private kindergarten. If the film were smarter or funnier, we might relate to these first-world problems — the movie treats the idea of public education as the most horrifying thing ever — but even a talented cast (which also includes Amy Sedaris, Christopher McDonald, Kate Mulgrew, John Hodgman, and Peter Serafinowicz) can't elevate this leaden screenplay.
The Classics: Vintage Polanski, An Indie Landmark, and the Dude Still Abides
While it's not as well-known in this country as Chinatown or Rosemary's Baby, Roman Polanski's Cul-de-Sac (The Criterion Collection; now available) is slowly becoming one of the controversial filmmakers most respected films. Françoise Dorléac (sister of Catherine Deneuve and a star in her own right, before her tragic death in a car accident at age 25) and Donald Pleasance play an unhappy couple whose isolated existence is interrupted by the appearance of fugitive American gangster Lionel Stander. Polanski-esque head games ensue, and the new Criterion Blu-Ray features a 2003 documentary on the making of the film as well as a 1967 TV interview with Polanski.
Jim McBride's David Holzman's Diary (Lorber Films; now available) is as much a cornerstone of American independent cinema as the films of Cassavetes, and it's also one of many great movies about the filmmaking experience itself. Archive-restored and made available on Blu-Ray for the first time (with three McBride shorts thrown in for good measure), the film stars L.M. Kit Carson as David, a filmmaker who loses himself behind the camera lens as his personal life disintegrates. If you think American indies started when Miramax bought sex, lies and videotape at the 1989 Sundance Film Festival, Diary is essential viewing.
Mad Men fans might want to seek out The Hucksters (Warner Archive; now available), a comedy-drama that proves that Madison Avenue was up to no good even back in 1947. Clark Gable stars as an adman desperately trying to hang onto his integrity (talk about your never-ending struggles) despite the demands of fat-cat Sydney Greenstreet. Ava Gardner, Adolphe Menjou, and a very young Deborah Kerr are along for the ride.
And if lines like "That rug really tied the room together, did it not?" are part of your daily patter, you'll want to get your hands on another special edition of The Big Lebowski (Universal Studios Home Entertainment; now available), featuring the film's hi-def debut, documentaries on the film's ongoing cult status, and a limited edition booklet featuring interviews and a trivia quiz.
TV: MST3K Forever!
I know I've mentioned Shout Factory's Mystery Science Theater 3000 DVD releases before, but the company keeps upping the stakes and coming up with sets that are irresistible to fans. The company's box sets usually include four episodes, but Volume XXI (now available) gives us five, so that we can get the complete run of Gamera movies as goofed on by Joel Robinson (Joel Hodgson), Tom Servo (Kevin Murphy), and Crow T. Robot (Trace Beaulieu), with lots of great Gamera-related extras (and a cool tin display case) included as well.
Coming up September 13 is a two-disc celebration of one of the show's greatest episodes: the infamous Manos, the Hands of Fate, rescued from obscurity by MST3K and now generally considered to be one of the stinkiest movies ever made. The set includes the Mystery Science Theater 3000 episode; the film itself; interviews with Hodgson, Beaulieu, Mary Jo Pehl, and Frank Coniff about their Manos memories; the film Hotel Torgo, which returns to the Manos locations and finds a surviving cast/crew member; and Jam Handy to the Rescue!, a documentary about the industrial-films company that unfortunately devotes too much time to the antics of Lost Skeleton of Cadavra's Larry Blamire.
Throw in new DVDs of the MST3K episodes Red Zone Cuba and The Unearthly (both now available), and it's a treasure-trove for fans of this classic comedy series.
Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
Copyright © 2018 FANDANGO MOVIES.


text:
Based on the learning outcomes of the program, you would provide proof of your learning through detailed descriptions of your life experiences and learning accomplishments. Some of the documents used to help demonstrate or prove your learning may include:
More Examples of Evidence of Learning
Creating a portfolio helped me to better understand myself, my frame of reference as well as further my career.
I have used parts of my portfolio to demonstrate competencies for job interviews and to explain the benefits of portfolio development to members of my team and organization.


text:
Wind River Demonstrates Continued Commitment to Automotive Industry with Expanded Architecture and Automotive Specific Development Platform Support
- Wind River offers additional architecture and automotive specific development platform support for the automotive industry.
- Wind River's WIND RIVER PLATFORM for Car Infotainment (PLATFORM CI)is available for industry leading Super H, PowerPC, MIPS, XScale and ARM car infotainment processors.
- Wind River reinforces its commitment to industry standardization by extending support for WIND RIVER PLATFORM for Car Infotainment.
Alameda, Calif.--November 17, 2003--Wind River Systems, Inc. (NASDAQ: WIND), the worldwide market leader in embedded software and services, today announced that it is extending its automotive-specific integrated embedded platform, WIND RIVER PLATFORM for Car Infotainment (PLATFORM CI), to support additional architectures including MIPS, XScale, ARM, and PowerPC. PLATFORM CI enables original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and Tier 1 automotive suppliers to build car infotainment and telematics devices with improved efficiencies, thus accelerating time to market.
Specifically, PLATFORM CI now offers better support for the specialized automotive processors and reference boards that an increasing amount of automotive customers are demanding from semiconductor providers. In addition to expanding PLATFORM CI to include these additional architectures, Wind River also supports the vast majority of automotive-specific hardware used in embedded development, including Renesas' SH7760 Biscayne board and SH7751R BigSur/Amanda board, and Motorola's MPC5200 based 5200Lite board.
The expanded architecture support enables OEMs and Tier 1 automotive suppliers to more easily standardize embedded development across product lines. By standardizing on PLATFORM CI, these OEMs and suppliers are able to devote valuable time and resources to developing competitive differentiators and core strengths instead of exhausting those same resources on piecing together foundational technologies. Wind River's annual subscription licensing model also ensures that throughout the standardization process, customers will continually benefit from new innovations and increasing support from Wind River.
"Given the rapidly increasing amount of silicon in cars today, semiconductor manufacturers are producing more and more automotive-specific hardware, and technologies such as Wind River's PLATFORM CI are enabling developers to produce reliable car infotainment and telematics devices quickly and cost effectively," said Marc Serughetti, director of marketing for automotive, industrial, aerospace and defense at Wind River. "The expansion of PLATFORM CI support reinforces Wind River's unyielding commitment to delivering highly reliable platform support to the automotive market."
PLATFORM CI integrates the necessary foundation software to quickly design, develop and deploy such devices. Based on the proven reliable VxWorks real-time operating system and powerful development tools, PLATFORM CI supports a variety of in car network protocols like CAN and MOST, as well as wireless network protocols like 802.11 and PPP. PLATFORM CI now supports MIPS, XScale, ARM, PowerPC and SuperH processors. With PLATFORM CI, customers' development focus can shift from integration to innovation.
To learn more about WIND RIVER PLATFORM for Car Infotainment, please visit www.windriver.com/platforms/platformci/
About Wind River
Wind River is the worldwide leader in embedded software and services. It provides market-specific embedded platforms that integrate real-time operating systems, development tools and technologies.Wind River's products and professional services are used in multiple markets including aerospace and defense, automotive, digital consumer, industrial, and network infrastructure. Wind River provides high-integrity technology and expertise that enables its customers to create superior products more efficiently. Companies from around the world turn to Wind River to create the most reliable products and to accelerate their time to market.
Founded in 1981, Wind River is headquartered in Alameda, California, with operations worldwide. To learn more, visit Wind River at www.windriver.com or call Wind River at 1-800-872-4977.
Wind River Systems and the Wind River Systems logo are trademarks of Wind River Systems, Inc., and VxWorks is a registered trademark of Wind River Systems, Inc. All other names mentioned are trademarks, registered trademarks or service marks of their respective companies.
Contact Information
Jessica Miller
Director, Global Communications


text:
Environment Canada has issued a special weather statement for much of central Saskatchewan, including Saskatoon.
A large, slow-moving system is expected to hit the province within the next 24 hours and linger into the weekend.
The rain is expected to continue into Saturday and will be heavy at times, before tapering off on Sunday.
Parts of the province could see up to 80 millimetres by the time all is said and done.
Rainfall warnings may be issued within the next 24 hours.


text:
Send us
a message
Talk to us about the N E S T courses to see which is best for you, or request an info pack.
Phone us: +44 7 81186 2930
Email us:
Course Venues
Our courses are primarily held at our London training centre.
For over 10 years we've been proud to call the South Kensington campus of the London Imperial college 'home.'
South Kensington is a district of West London in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea and the City of Westminster. South Kensington is the Imperial College's main campus.
Skempton Building, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ
The nearest Underground station is South Kensington, on the District, Circle and Piccadilly lines. From South Kensington Station, the campus is only a five minute walk. Either follow the subway signposted to the museums or walk north up Exhibition Road. The College is next to the Science Museum. There are also a number of bus routes. Click here for more information on directions.
Coming autumn 2017.
Coming autumn 2017.
Coming autumn 2017.


text:
Soil Stabilization
This process describes altering soils to enhance their physical properties to help make them stronger, and to improve its load-bearing capacity to prevent settlement or sinking of concrete slabs or foundations. The process can be used on many different types of soil conditions, including expansive clays and even granular materials. The process can be completed using many different techniques, but at Don Kennedy and Sons, we make use of a technique known as deep injection with polyurethane concrete raising.
Polyurethane Concrete Raising
Often times, this process is also referred to as mudjacking or slabjacking, but they refer to the same technique. Unlike most contractors who make use of a messy concrete slurry mix, our team uses a special polyurethane foaming material that is much stronger and less messy. It also has many favorable qualities, including the fact that it cures and hardens in roughly 15-30 minutes, after which, it can be walked over or driven on like normal again. It also is able to fill up all the nooks and crannies of a space, whereas concrete slurry might not be able to get into these tight areas.
The Process
For concrete raising, the following will take place:
The surface of the damaged slab will be cleaned off so that no dirt or debris get inside during the repair. Next, tiny holes are drilled into the slab and this is where the polyurethane foam will go. The foaming material is inserted, and it quickly fills up the entire void beneath the sinking surface. This will help to raise and lift the slab back into place where it needs to be. Finally, the holes will be filled in and patched over so that they match with the rest of the surface(s) surrounding it.
Polyurethane Foam Can Also Be Used For
Void Filling
Whenever a slab or foundation has problems with washout beneath it because of erosion or excessive rainfall, the foaming material can be used to fill the area and lessen the amount of stress felt by the surface above. The entire process can be completed quickly and with minimal disturbance to your property.
Foundation Stabilization
This process can also be used when a foundation is weak and lacking support because of weakened soils underneath and surrounding it. The foaming material we use will be able to strengthen the base of a home without having to dig it up to replace certain areas or walls.


text:
FORMBY'S top police officer has welcomed new laws that allow prison sentences for people who kill others through careless driving.
But Inspector Martin Melia (pictured below) said he was encouraged to find no-one was caught using their mobile phone during a two-day clampdown on bad driving in the village last week.
The new laws, which came into force on Monday, allow courts to imprison for up to five years drivers who cause deaths by not paying due care to the road or other road users.
This could be by calling or texting from a hand-held phone, applying makeup at the wheel, eating and drinking or anything else which takes their attention away from the road.
Uninsured, disqualified or unlicensed drivers who kill stand to be jailed for up to two years.
Merseyside Police ACC Patricia Gallan promised the force "will be robustly enforcing this legislation."
Inspector Melia, who joined officers on the lookout for bad driving in the Village, agreed. "I was encouraged to see people do seem to be getting the message about not using their phones, as we didn't see a single case.
"But there are still a lot of people not paying attention when parking. We get a lot of accidents around parking spaces in and around Formby. We also issued some fixed penalty notices to people not wearing seatbelts.
"We will continue these exercises in the Village and at busy areas like Lifeboat Road and will enforce all road safety laws vigorously."
The Association of Chief Police Officers' spokesman on roads policing, Gwent DCC Mick Giannasi, said: "Careless drivers put themselves and others at risk every time they get behind the wheel of a car.
"Allowing distractions to affect your standard of driving is not acceptable and will now be more appropriately punished under the law."


text:
I have been working on a load for my .223. When I got all the stuff to cast I bought some aluminum gas checks. I have tried multiple ways, and even have tried ones from different companies now, but they all seem to get deformed bases when seating/sizing. A member sent me some copper checks to try and I also had another company send me a few gator copper checks to try. Those go on fine and I do not get the base deformation with them. I am guessing the aluminum is just softer.
So my curiosity question is if anyone has found a big difference going from one type of gas check to another as far as loads go. I have not shot any of the copper checks yet. I am hoping that I do not have to go chasing another load down again. My groups with the aluminum were not horrible, but I would get the occasional flier here and there and wondered if it was because of the bases being deformed. It was very hard to cull/separate them by how much the bases got deformed so I just loaded and shot them if they did not look too horrible. But I know that they were not all the same, and who knows if they were all oriented in the case the same way when shooting.
Wanted to see if anyone has tried to squeeze the last bit of accuracy out of their loads and tried switching between aluminum and copper, with all other things being equal. Its probably one of those "just shoot them and see how they do" kind of things, but my curiosity is if the aluminum - being softer - will conform to the bore better than the copper ones. The copper boolits weigh right at 1 grain more than aluminum ones, so I do not think weight will be an issue other than it will have that full 1 grain at the rear of the boolit, not spread out evenly.


text:
Original Post Date: 8-1-11
A peek inside the frenzied mind of an everyday mom:
Ah, my coffee. We're almost out of Splenda. I'm going to have to remember to put that on my grocery list. In fact, I need to make a run to Walmart today. Let me start a list. Where is the paper? I thought I'd just put it in this drawer yesterday.
What do you need, baby? Well, we're having breakfast in about 10 minutes, just let me finish cutting these grapes. Should I cut these grapes in fourths? I'm going to just cut them all up now, then we'll be good to go the rest of the week. Oh yeah, my coffee. We've got plenty of cream to last the next week or two, that's groovy. And thanks to my dad for giving us a whole bag of his home-roasted Kona coffee beans. That reminds me, I need to send him a thank you card. I wonder if I have any cards left over from the last bunch I bought? I'll have to remember to look for one later, before I head over to the store.
No, you may not have any chocolate. If you eat your breakfast, I'll think about giving you some chocolate milk. Waffles! I wonder if I should just go ahead and make a waffle for myself? I know I was going to try and eat healthier today and cook up some scrambled egg whites, but this will save me time on cooking and dishes and well, it's just easier. What the hell, right? I'll make it up at lunch time with a salad. I'm going to have to buy some fresh spinach though because I think what's left in the fridge is bad. As always, I'm so awful at letting vegetables spoil. I know it drives Zac crazy. Why isn't he up yet?
What happened to your clothes, young man? You are supposed to go on a doggie walk with your father and I just got you dressed! Go grab your undies! There he is. Good! I'll get five, maybe ten, minutes of quiet when he takes the boys and our dog for their morning walk.
No, seriously, I had him dressed just a minute ago. I'm not going to spend my morning chasing him down 17 times to get him to keep his clothes on. Luke! Grab your undies if you want to go for a doggie walk. Otherwise, you're going to stay here with me.
I'm so not going to stick to that threat! I cherish these peaceful minutes. I'll check my e-mail once they leave. I can start breakfast as soon as they get back. I also need to look up our play date for today; I can't remember if it's at 3:00 p.m. or 3:30 p.m. I hope it's at 3:30 p.m., that always gives us – okay, bye, have fun. Be safe! – what was I just thinking? Oh, I can't remember. Doesn't matter anyway, I guess. I have to go potty. Did I just say potty? But first, let me check my bank account to see if my little tiny paycheck went through. I need to make sure my wallet is in my diaper bag too before I leave this morning. I think I had it last when I met Susie at the movies and I really don't remember transferring it back to the diaper bag. Okay, good! It's in there. I better go ahead and throw a couple of diapers in it now also. I'm pretty sure I have to pick some of those up, too.
List! I've got to start a list! Finally! Here's some paper. Milk. Maybe a thank you card. Diapers for ZZ. What am I going to have for lunch today? Oh, yeah, a salad. Spinach. I think I have everything else I need for lunch here. I could use some more Cherry Coke Zero. Cherry Coke Zero. Awesome!
My paycheck has gone through; I have money again! Maybe I should buy Luke some new pool shoes from Once Upon A Child. Does he really need pool shoes? I can't believe his birthday is coming up. Well, it'll be here before we know it after vacation in September. That's just eight weeks away. And his birthday will be about six weeks after that. What kind of party should we have? What's he really into these days? His daddy's Jeep. Can I have a Jeep party? What would that consist of? I could get Diego plates and decorations but make his cake a Jeep cake and, well, then it's a Diego party and not a Jeep party. But I want it to be so special for him since we had a small affair last year. What about a pool party? In November? Maybe a slight possibility since we're in South Carolina, but nothing to count on. I should see if there are any indoor pools in town. I'm sure there won't be since we are in SC, but maybe. He loves the pool so much; he'd be in heaven!
Hey! You're back! That was fast! What happened to my quiet time? I didn't get anything accomplished. Now I won't have another moment of quiet until naptime and I'm not sure I can make that happen since Zealand woke up an hour before his brother. I must try! I'll go to the grocery store right before lunch time and keep him awake! What would you like from the store? I hope my two favorite plates for the boys are clean. They are not in the cabinet where they should be. Not in the dishwasher. I now know what my mom used to talk about when I was little when she'd tell us she was losing her mind because things are never in the place she left them.
Honey, where are the boys' blue and green plates? Ha! I must've mindlessly grabbed them earlier when I first got to the kitchen. I can't believe they are sitting here right in front of me. Here you go boys: a waffle, grapes and yogurt. It feels so good to sit down. My boys are so sweet. It looks like they're hungry, too, which is always a good thing. You know what would be perfect right now? My coffee; which I haven't touched since I poured it an hour ago. Now where the heck is it?


text:
(GWINNET COUNTY, Ga.) — A pair of workers at a frozen food distribution center outside of Atlanta, Ga., made off with $65,000 worth of frozen chicken wings earlier this month, according to cops in Gwinnet County.
Dewayne Patterson and Renaldo Jackson, who both worked at the Nordic Distribution Center, allegedly backed a rental truck up to the back of the loading area at the center and loaded 10 pallets of Tyson frozen chicken wings onto the truck. The pair then made off with the poultry, but were seen by management, according to a police report obtained by ABC News.
Investigators at the Gwinnet County police department arrested Patterson, 35, and Jackson, 26, a week later, on Jan. 23.
They each face felony theft charges.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio
Recent posts in National News


text:
According to new findings from the National Landlords Association, 47% of landlords will be affected by the removal of the annual wear and tear allowance.
The research findings show that 24% let their properties fully furnished, with 22% letting a mixture of furnished and unfurnished properties. Just over half of landlords (53%) let their properties on an unfurnished basis.
The news comes shortly after the government announced its intention to scrap the annual wear and tear allowance – which is only available for furnished properties – and replace it with a tax relief system that enables all landlords to deduct the costs they actually incur on replacing furnishings in the property.
The new system, currently under consultation until the 9th of October 2015, will apply from 6 April 2016 for Income Tax purposes and 1 April 2016 for Corporation Tax, and will cover the cost of replacement furniture, furnishings, appliances and kitchenware provided for tenants including:
• Movable furniture and furnishings
• Televisions
• Fridges/freezers
• Carpets and flooring
• Curtains
• Linen
• Crockery or cutlery
Chris Norris, Head of Policy at the National Landlords Association said: "We fully understand the frustration of those landlords who let exclusively on a furnished basis as the removal of this allowance will very likely represent a reduction in the relief they can claim. However, it will come as a welcome revision for those letting a mixed portfolio, unfurnished, or part-furnished property as the replacement system will allow them to deduct legitimate revenue expenses in the future.
The NLA has broadly welcomed these proposals as it should lead to a fairer system for more landlords. However, as we transition from one system to another, we will push to make sure that any landlords who've made recent investments with the expectation of offsetting the cost over a number of years using the current allowance, will not be disadvantaged".


text:
steel wool
steel wool, abrasive material composed of long steel fibers of varying degrees of fineness that are matted together. The coarser grades are used to remove paint and other finishes, the finer grades for polishing or smoothing a finished surface. Steel wool is much used in kitchens for cleaning and polishing metals, especially aluminum utensils.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Technology: Terms and Concepts
Browse by Subject
- Earth and the Environment +-
- History +-
- Literature and the Arts +-
- Medicine +-
- People +-
- Philosophy and Religion +-
- Places +-
- Africa
- Asia
- Australia and Oceania
- Britain, Ireland, France, and the Low Countries
- Commonwealth of Independent States and the Baltic Nations
- Germany, Scandinavia, and Central Europe
- Latin America and the Caribbean
- Oceans, Continents, and Polar Regions
- Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, and the Balkans
- United States, Canada, and Greenland
- Plants and Animals +-
- Science and Technology +-
- Social Sciences and the Law +-
- Sports and Everyday Life +-


text:
Friday, December 25, 2009
Monday, December 21, 2009
~ Sweet & Salty Treat ~
These are my new favorite, super easy, take to all the parties, treat! And so far, they have been very well recieved! I don't have a name for them, but they are similar to turtles candy or a twix bar. All you do is lay out your twisted pretezels on a cookie sheet, place a unwrapped rolo candy on top and bake them in your oven at 250 degrees for 5 minutes. After they are done, the candy will be melted so then you can stick a pecan half in the chocolate and stick them in the freezer for about 5 minutes. Be sure to keep them at room temperature after they have set or you might crack your teeth trying to chew them!
I have also seen them made with a hugs kiss (the white chocolate with chocolate stripes) and then an M&M on top also...those are good too! I'm sure there are lots of variations to this simple recipe!
I have also seen them made with a hugs kiss (the white chocolate with chocolate stripes) and then an M&M on top also...those are good too! I'm sure there are lots of variations to this simple recipe!
Posted by Vintage and Company at 4:43 PM 1 comment:
Thursday, December 17, 2009
A fun Afternoon!!!
It all started one day when my friend told me I need some help with my bookshelves and I don't know what to do with them! Lucky me, I really enjoy arranging shelves and was quick to volunteer to help her! We have similar tastes in decorating so this was a relatively easy task!
She had some very pretty items and some family heirlooms that we wanted to use, but still she needed more stuff (yeah!) So the first thing we did was to take in peak in other cabinets, shelves and closets in the her house to see what other items we could use! I brought her some books, a tray and arrangement that I had at the barn ( you know I always have "stuff"!) Then we hit one of my favorite local antiques store, Once Upon A Time, ( which sadly is going out of business, all remaining inventory is 40% til December 31st) and she bought some great blue books and a red transferware pitcher! Then we went to work!
First I cleared the shelves, set the books back, and then played around with all her decor items! I think it turned out pretty good and made you look at the shelves to see what she has on them plus added some interest and color to the room!
Thanks for the fun afternoon Lee!!!I enjoyed "playing" in your house!
Hope you all are savoring the season!!!
Hope you all are savoring the season!!!
I'll be posting some yummy recipes soon!
Posted by Vintage and Company at 1:39 PM 1 comment:
Wednesday, December 16, 2009
The Great White Glider!!!
Doesn't this just make you think of spring???Can't you see this glider with some great big fluffy pillows? I know you are heading for the lemonade and your favorite magazine right now! Well, this is a great large glider..it measures 35" deep, 6' long and 31" tall.
Posted by Vintage and Company at 4:36 PM No comments:
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
A Great Harvest Table!
We have an incredible 10Ft Harvest Table for sale. It is currently in the barn and is for sale. It has 3 large planks of wood across the top, as you can see from below pictures the top has beautiful wear and character to it. This awesome table can tell some tales to be sure.
Here is a picture of the end and legs (which are all on casters for easy moving!) The dimensions are 31.5 " tall (height), 33.5" across (Width) and 10' 1/4" long (length). You can easily seat 6-7 chairs per side and 2 on each ends. If you used benches for seats, you could fit even more friends! Just think about how many grandkids you could squeeze in there?!
Here is a picture showing some the character and distressed look of the top. These are actually small nail holes...this might have been a work table, kitchen table...who knows? We bought it from an estate that was out of the East coast somewhere and that's all i know!
Another picture from a different angle...folks just loved it at the last sale, but you have to the right space or place for it! I wish it fit in my house, but it is too long for my space!
The legs are really wonderful, all the nail/screw holes have wooden plugs over them...you can see them from this picture if you really look on the legs. This is a fabulous table, the best harvest table that I have ever had, it has lots of uses and with the wheels it is so easy to move (a feature that I really love). Now the most important part - price! It is $995 plus tax, we do not ship, but may be able to deliver to you for delivery fee depending on where you are....Please e-mail me for any other info you may need or any additional questions you have!
Posted by Vintage and Company at 7:57 AM 2 comments:
Monday, December 14, 2009
Hoosier Cabinet Top - Wonderful Blue!
We have this cute Hoosier Cabinet Top available for sale...The doors have been painted that pretty soft blue. This top can sit on a base or hang on it's own, you'll notice that it has little legs so it can stand on furniture also....
It has 2 sets of doors and 2 small drawers also (The inside stuff is not included). It measures 37.5" wide, 11" deep and 43.5" tall!
Posted by Vintage and Company at 8:34 PM No comments:
Sunday, December 13, 2009
~Grey Shelf/Bookcase~
If you have ever come to our sales you know that we really pack in the vintage goodies...And so it is difficult to see the shelves underneath! I thought I would show you this multi-purpose shelf in it's "naked" state! It is wooden underneath, then has been painted white, then a light blue-grey color. It has great shabby appeal!
The reason is can go so many places is it's size. It is tall and narrow! It measures 53" tall, 45.5" across and only 9.5" deep. I usually have it merchandised with books, basket and fun vintage toys!
Posted by Vintage and Company at 10:18 AM No comments:
Wednesday, December 9, 2009
~A Dash of Decorating~
So, we put our tree up this weekend and barely got it decorated before Monday came again! Finally today I got to "play" in my living room and add some holiday around the house! I really like to use the old and new together and I made good use of all the left over tree branches!
The mantle turned out sweet, it will look really warm with the candles lit...
Love to ad the vintage anywhere i can get away with it...
Books are still one of my favorite decorating items, classy and useful!
I think I need some red berries or additional color to all the greens...I'll have to hunt down friend with a holly tree...
This vintage navitiy set is one of my favorites and I put my vintage star in a silver vase. I like to try to use what I have in my cupboards also. I love using old lovely things in new ways!
The balls are still my favorite and they always make me smile - they are so cheery! Don't you agree?? I'm still have lots of balls left and I'm looking for some creative ways to use them! Any ideas, send them my way!
Happy Decorating and remeber He is our Peace, so don't let the craziness of the season steal your JOY!!!
Merry, Merry~~
Posted by Vintage and Company at 7:46 PM 1 comment:
Sunday, November 29, 2009
The JESUS Tree
So, Turkey day is over and if you are like me, you have leftovers til Christmas...I think ham is sounding great for next holiday! So have you started decorating for Christmas yet??? Me, not yet..my hubby makes us wait until the first weekend in December to get the tree...we still like those real ones, you can't beat the smell.... Have you had fun with your Jesus Tree project yet? For those of you who missed the Christmas in the Country sale, we presented this idea of a tree whose only ornaments are names of Jesus with the ornaments representing that particular name of Jesus! For example, He is the DOOR and we used a vintage door knob to represent this name. The fun part is coming up with that item/ornament that represents Jesus' name to you. You all had some great ideas for using the Jesus tree in many different ways...Here are some that I overheard.... You could use it as an advent tree and just put on one ornament per day and read the name of Jesus and the corresponding scripture, use it with your Sunday school class, in your classroom, as a devotional time with your family! Really the ways are endless! We have enjoyed putting the ornaments ( or you could just put the tags) on the tree and talking about a certain name of Jesus and seeing how that has applied to our life this year...Rebekah (5) really enjoys this too and is learning about Jesus as she decorates! Really, what could be better????
We sold out of the tags twice, but now have more in stock...You get a starter kit with the tags, 30 names the are beautifully written in calligraphy with the name of Jesus and the Scripture and also this sheet seen above ( in smaller form) with the list of names we have complied so far. Next year we hope to have add more tags for the other names...The sets are $10 if I mail them to you or $8.66 if you pick them up...we also have some ornaments left also, so just contact me if you need something....
We sold out of the tags twice, but now have more in stock...You get a starter kit with the tags, 30 names the are beautifully written in calligraphy with the name of Jesus and the Scripture and also this sheet seen above ( in smaller form) with the list of names we have complied so far. Next year we hope to have add more tags for the other names...The sets are $10 if I mail them to you or $8.66 if you pick them up...we also have some ornaments left also, so just contact me if you need something....
Happy Decorating,
Posted by Vintage and Company at 9:37 PM 6 comments:
Tuesday, November 24, 2009
~ Handmade sellers Rock the House~
It was a great night with fabulous weather the entire sale! Finally cool enough for coffee!
Great soaps, candles, lotions and lip balms...
Loved the fabric flowers pins and all the fun on this table!
Can't wait to hang up my tassel!
Can't wait to hang up my tassel!
Hymn tiles, burp clothes, cord covers....
So cute paper mache letters and decor!
Monogrammed items were great and the "hit" of the show!
So cute paper mache letters and decor!
Monogrammed items were great and the "hit" of the show!
Wonderful crazy quilt items...
Hope you made it...more pictures to come and lots more about the "JESUS" tree!
Thanks to all of our wonderful shoppers! We are so thankful for your business for another year!
May God bless you with peaceful week with time to reflect on His goodness and provision this year!
Blessed, Jodi
Posted by Vintage and Company at 7:20 PM 1 comment:
Wednesday, November 18, 2009
Posted by Vintage and Company at 8:00 AM 1 comment:
Subscribe to: Posts (Atom)


text:
Whether you work in the tactical world or the strategic world, this course will help you understand and appreciate the unique challenges of each. So everyone can clearly understand the principles of both tactical and strategic missile guidance, concepts are derived mathematically, explained from a heuristic perspective, and illustrated with numerical examples. Material is presented so that participants with different learning styles can benefit. The course will be of value to both novices and experts wanting to learn more about missile guidance and to understand its importance to system design.
This course will benefit managers, engineers, and programmers at all levels who work with or need to learn about interceptor guidance system technology. The heuristic arguments and numerous examples will give managers an appreciation for guidance so that they can interact effectively with specialists. Engineers and programmers will find the detailed course material and many MATLAB source code listings invaluable for both learning and reference.
Type of Course: Instructor-Led Short CourseCourse Level: Fundamentals
Course scheduling available in the following formats:
Course Length: 1-3 daysAIAA CEU's available: yes


text:
Mad cow missteps shake confidence in U.S. beef
DC, July 28, 2005 (ENS): The U.S. Department
of Agriculture is investigating another "non-definitive"
test result for mad cow disease, saying Wednesday that
further testing is being done in the United States and
England. The brain sample was taken by a private veterinarian
in April, but not sent to the USDA until last week because,
agriculture officials said, the veterinarian "forgot"
to send it in for testing.
USDA Chief Veterinarian John Clifford told reporters
that the animal did not enter the animal feed or human
food supply. He said the animal appears to have been
born in the United States.
The sample in question was taken from a cow that was
at least 12 years of age and experienced complications
during calving. The cow's age is important because it
was born before 1997 when restrictions were placed on
giving cattle feed containing the nervous system tissue
of other cattle.
The BSE infection is caused by misfolded proteins called
prions, found in nervous system tissues such as brains
and spinal cords. Mad cow disease spreads from one animal
to another by consumption of feed that has been contaminated
by these prions.
While it is always fatal, BSE can take years to develop,
so young animals are considered safer for human food
than older animals. The human form of the disease can
be transmitted if a human being eats BSE infected meat.
The private veterinarian treated the sample with a
preservative, which readies it for testing using the
immunohistochemistry (IHC) test - an internationally
recognized confirmatory test for BSE. Neither the rapid
screening test nor the Western blot confirmatory test
can be conducted on a sample that has been preserved,
said Clifford.
While Western Blot or rapid screening tests are not
possible on the preserved sample, an immunohistochemistry
(IHC) test has been run, though the result was not conclusive.
The IHC will be repeated at the National Veterinary
Services Laboratory in Ames, Iowa and the World Reference
Laboratory at Weybridge, England. Results are expected
next week.
The rules governing chemical preservation of samples
were changed in June when another inconclusive sample
of a Texas animal turned out to be positive when tested
with all three procedures.
The American Meat Institute (AMI) said that whatever
the result, consumers and trading partners should not
be concerned because "beef is safe from BSE, and
even if the test ultimately confirms positive, the safety
of the U.S. beef supply is unchanged."
"The beef we eat, like steaks, roasts and ground
beef, is safe. These products have never been associated
with a BSE-related human illness," said AMI Foundation
President James Hodges.
"People in Europe who became ill likely consumed
brains or other infected tissues early in the BSE epidemic
because the human health risk was not recognized,"
Hodges said of the 150 people who have died from the
human form of BSE, known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob
Disease. "By contrast, these parts are removed
in the U.S. and do not enter the food supply."
Hodges stressed that the age of the animal indicates
that if it is indeed positive for BSE, it was likely
exposed to the BSE agent through feed before the new
feed restrictions went into effect in 1997.
He asserted that due to the current restrictions on
feeding nervous system tissues to ruminant animals such
as cows, "BSE is on its way out in North America."
But lawmakers and consumers groups are not so sure.
Senator Tom Harkin, a Democrat representing the beef
producing state of Iowa, said this type of mistake invites
Japan and other countries to question the safety of
U.S. beef.
When the first U.S. case of mad cow disease was discovered
in December 2003, 53 countries including Japan banned
U.S. beef. The U.S. Agriculture Department has been
intensively negotiating for years to reopen that market.
The day before this suspect animal was identified to
the public, Harkin and fellow Democratic Senator Richard
Durban of Illinois called on the USDA to explain its
failure to fulfill commitments to expand testing for
mad cow disease.
The senators expressed concern that the USDA has apparently
abandoned plans to test clinically normal, aged cattle
as part of its BSE surveillance program despite public
statements to the contrary.
"USDA said they would test 20,000 aged cows that
appear healthy," Harkin said. "I want to
know why these plans were scrapped and why they have
failed to publicly acknowledge this."
Early in 2004, USDA had stated that it planned to test
20,000 clinically normal, aged cattle as part of their
expanded testing program. Also, in the FY2005 agriculture
appropriations bill, Congress urged that USDA include
this population of cattle as part of its surveillance
In other countries, a small but significant number
of clinically normal cattle over 30 months of age have
tested positive for BSE. While U.S. agriculture officials
had continued to say the USDA would test these normal
appearing older animals, the department has not begun
this testing to date.
"The government keeps telling Americans that they
can trust that their beef is safe from mad cow, even
going so far as to say that finding BSE is like searching
for a needle in a haystack," says Dr. Michael Hansen,
PhD, a senior scientist with Consumers Union, which
publishes "Consumer Reports" magazine.
"Yet, since the agency has so far failed to publicly
disclose any information whatsoever about the details
of the program," said Hansen, "it makes us
wonder how meaningful their search for the disease is
at all."
"We want to know exactly which cattle were tested
and whether or not they really represent the most valid
scientific sampling of the highest risk animals from
across the country," Hansen demanded on Monday
before the latest inconclusive result was made public.
He was responding to the previous case of the Texas
animal that tested positive for BSE in June.
"If the USDA wants to truly reassure the American
people, they should answer our questions," Hansen
said. "Their failure to do so would make us wonder
what the agency is hiding."
Clifford said Wednesday that the USDA's "enhanced
surveillance program" is working well.
"We are extremely gratified that to date, all
sectors of the cattle industry have cooperated in this
program by submitting samples from more than 419,000
animals from the highest risk populations," he
said. "To date, only one animal has tested positive
for the disease as part of the surveillance program.
These interlocking safeguards continue to protect our
food supply."
Copyright Environment News Service (ENS) 2005. All
Rights Reserved.
Recent news
and research
Up-to-Date –
Sign up for our Newsletter
NewFarm.org changes daily! Don't miss out on the latest interactive
features, columns and news. Sign
up now for our monthly e-newsletter and stay connected.
•Free the meat
markets! End packer ownership and stop closed-door deals
• Support Saskatchewan farmers in efforts to block GM wheat
• Stop budget
cuts to conservation programs--the one's that help you pay for environmentally
sound farming practices!
Are you a farmer? A consumer? Whatever story you have to tell, let it be an inspiration to others.
Share it with us now...