text:
Extending a Business Process Modeling Language for Domain-Specific Adaptation in Healthcare
- Agatha Wiggins
- 3 years ago
- Views:
1 Extending a Business Process Modeling Language for Domain-Specific Adaptation in Healthcare Richard Braun 1, Hannes Schlieter 1, Martin Burwitz 1, Werner Esswein 1 1 TU Dresden, Chair of Wirtschaftsinformatik, esp. Systems Development Abstract. It is often required to provide a modeling language that enables the representation of domain-specific problems and concepts. Domain-specific modeling approaches can be applied for that. However, these approaches usually suffer from low dissemination, missing tool support and high design costs. Thus, it might be more reasonable to adapt and extend common standard modeling languages. This research article presents an extension of the common process modeling language BPMN for modeling clinical pathways in the healthcare sector. The extension is designed methodically by application of the extension design method of Stroppi et al. (2011), which was extended regarding to a deeper domain analysis. The domain analysis considers the design of a domain ontology, requirements analysis as well as an equivalence check between domain concept and BPMN concepts. Finally, the evolved extension is compared with the CPmod modeling language of Burwitz et al. (2013) in order to discuss strengths and limitations. Keywords: Process Modeling, Language Extension, Meta Model Extension, BPMN, Domain-Specific Modeling Language 1 Introduction and Motivation Clinical Pathways (CPs) have evolved as important tools in the fields of clinical process management, quality management documentation, and derivation of IT configurations [28, 19, 5]. However, building CPs is a very time-consuming and costly task, where different stakeholders such as physicians, nurses and management employees have to be involved [7]. Up to now, process modeling in the healthcare sector is widely performed by physicians themselves or supported by quality managers using general purpose modeling languages that do not completely fit the needs of the clinical domain or by specific domain-specific modeling languages (DSMLs), which limit the model usage to the tool chain of the DSML-world. In opposite to dedicated DSMLs, it seems to be reasonable to adapt existing standard languages for healthcare processes and extend them domain-specifically, which combines the advantage of standard languages and domain-specific languages. Using (de-facto) standard modeling languages like BPMN or UML implies several benefits: Generally, these languages provide a set of established concepts with a clear syntax 12 th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, March , Osnabrück, Germany
2 and widely accepted semantics, what facilitates communication between stakeholders. Consequently, also tool support and capabilities for model interchange are better as in case of dedicated DSML development. So far, modeling approaches in the context of CPs mostly draw on DSMLs rather than applying standard modeling languages. This impedes the comparison of both approaches. We therefore aim to design a CP extension for the leading process modeling notation BPMN. The extension should be built based on a systematic design method in order to ensure rigor [16]. Beyond, this research article aims to compare the derived BPMN extension with a dedicated DSML approach, namely [5], in order to provide respective benefits and limitations. Accordingly, the structure of the paper is as follows: Section 2 introduces a brief overview of modeling language extensibility and the BPMN extension mechanism. Also, the detailed extension method is presented. In the beginning of Section 3, the status quo of modeling clinical pathways is summarized. In the further course, Section 3 provides the BPMN extension design; particularly domain analysis as well as abstract and concrete syntax. Section 4 compares our results to a DSML-based approach. The paper ends with a short conclusion and outlook on further research. 2 Extensibility of BPMN 2.1 Extensibility of Modeling Languages As stated before, the broad usage of common modeling languages often causes situations where these languages need to be adapted or extended in order to satisfy requirements and needs coming from the peculiarities of a specific industry, business or problem [4, 27]. Next to this argument of domain-specific adaptation, it might be also reasonable, to focus on a few modeling languages in order to avoid an increasing method pluralism, focusing on their enhancement and thus facilitate better communication both in academia and practice (referring [20, 3]). This strategy also seems to be appropriate in terms of model exchange and interoperability, although noticeable research on that has to be conducted [1]. Also, the stated extension approach could facilitate language evolution over time, when often-used extensions are integrated into the language or some language dialects are standardized (see choreographies in BPMN [8, 6]). Extending a modeling language evokes alteration of the underlying meta model and can affect both abstract and concrete syntax. Currently, only very few research articles addressing this topic explicitly (see [1, 4, 35]). Nevertheless, it can be stated that there are at least four general extension mechanisms: In-built, metamodel customization, annotation and multi level modeling [1]. The in-built mechanism refers to the profile mechanism from UML and similar approaches [26]. Meta model customization refers to any (ad hoc) alteration of the meta model. Model annotation covers adding extra information or an integration with external models. Multi level extensions intend to add new vertical abstraction layers for domain concepts [2]. However, language extensibility also requires an adaption of the language method at all what refers to the procedure model of the language (e.g., [11]), which is not con-
3 sidered in literature so far. Thus, meta model extensibility as well as procedural aspects of extending BPMN are considered subsequently. 2.2 BPMN Extension Mechanism and its Shortcomings BPMN provides an extension mechanism that is similar to the stated profiles mechanism. The mechanism enables the integration of domain-specific concepts while ensuring BPMN core validity ([24], p. 44) and consists of mainly four classes: An Extension Definition specifies a named group of new attributes, that can be used by standard BPMN elements. Thus, both new concepts and new additional attributes can be defined. Consequently, an Extension Definition consists of multiple Extension Attribute Definitions that define the particular attributes. Permitted values of them need to be defined by the Extension Attribute Value class by leveraging basic types from the Meta Object Facility [25]. Finally, the Extension class binds the entire extension definition and its attributes to a BPMN model definition in order to make them technically accessible ([24], p. 58). Despite the fact that BPMN offers a well-defined extension interface, only very few BPMN extensions make use of it [4], what hampers comprehensibility, comparability between developed extensions and impedes the straightforward integration of extensions in modeling tools. We suppose, that the missing procedure model for extension building in BPMN causes this lack of rigor. 2.3 BPMN Extension Approach of Stroppi et al. (2011) and its Enhancement To the best of our knowledge, there is only one research article addressing the stated problem: Stroppi et al. (2011) define a model-transformation based procedure model for the integrated development of valid BPMN extensions that consist of the following steps: 1. Conceptualizing the domain as an UML class diagram (CDME model) 2. Transforming the CDME into an extension model (BPMN+X model) 3. Transforming the BPMN+X into a XML Schema Extension Definition and transforming that into a XML Schema Extension Definition Document The approach is based on UML profiles ([36], p. 7) and respective stereotypes in order to enable model transformation based on set of migration rules for diverse model element constellations ([36], p. 9). Although the approach of [36] is very well defined and applicable, it lacks in terms of considering a deeper domain analysis and design preparation. Thus, real need for extension is reasoned by an in-depth analysis of the BPMN specification. This leads implicitly to the derivation of the CDME model and its stereotypes. The following rules are defined for this equivalence check: Equivalence: There is a semantically equivalent construct in the BPMN in the sense of a permitted combination of elements or just a single element. In this case, no extension is necessary and the domain concept is represented as BPMN concept. Conditional equivalence: There is no obvious semantic matching with standard elements, but rather situational discussion is necessary in order to provide arguments for a possible mapping or to explain why it is not feasible. This situation is caused by
4 the partial under specification of BPMN elements (e.g. [24], p. 306). Consequently, the concept is either treated as equivalent concept or as non-equivalent concept. No equivalence: There is no equivalence to any standard element for three reasons: First, the entire concept is missing. In this case, the domain concept is represented as in the CDME model. Second, a relation between two concepts is missing. Therefore, an association between the affected concepts is constructed in the CDME model. Third, properties of a concept are missing. Then, an owned property is assigned to the element in the CDME model. We argue that an extension should widely make use of standard elements in order to exhaust the vocabulary of BPMN and reduce new elements to a minimum. With respect to the objective of this paper, step 3 and step 4 of the approach of Stroppi et al. (2011) are neither applied nor considered. Instead, the concrete syntax of the extension will be defined in a final step within the development process (according to [24], p. 8). Figure 1 depicts the consolidated procedure model that is applied in Section 3. Fig. 1. Integrated procedure model for the development of BPMN extensions 3 Design of the Extension BPMN4CP 3.1 Modeling of Clinical Pathways Status Quo The current literature provides several contributions in the field of using general purpose modeling languages (GPML) [18, 31], extensions of GPML [22, 32, 33] as well as DSML [5, 12, 34] for modeling medical treatment processes. The review of the state of the art however reveals that only some authors clarify their decision for using a specific language. In particular, there are only a few publications in the BPMN area, which use the BPMN as core language and systematically extend it by domain specific aspects. Müller & Rogge-Solti (2011), for example, focus on the modeling of shared execution of tasks [22]. In the domain-specific area of treatment processes, Scheuerlein et al. (2012) conduct a case study to develop two treatment models with BPMN focusing the applicability of the tangible BPMN construction method [33]. To enable treatment models to be executed and simulated, Hashemian & Abidi (2012) developed a semantic interoperability framework to provide a mapping of domain concepts and BPMN concepts [14].
5 Each related work is focusing specific modeling questions, while there is no approach using or extending the BPMN covering the typical needs of treatment processes by an in-depth requirements analysis of treatment scenarios like Burwitz et al. (2013) or Sarshar et al. (2005) did [5, 32]. Burwitz et al. (2013) consolidate the main stream of the previously work and design a requirements set for developing modeling languages for CPs. On this basis, they developed a DSML for CP (called CPmod ). Because of the well-structured requirements set and the possibility to compare the design effort of this DSML against an extended GPML (BPMN), we decide to use this prior research result in Section 3.2 and Section Domain Analysis Figure 2 depicts the ontology, which was designed in order to get an appropriate understanding of the domain, its concepts and attributes (referring [13, 15]). Fig. 2. Basic OWL Lite ontology [37] of CPs for the preparation of the extension design The central concept is the Clinical Pathway, which consists of several activities. A Process Flow organizes and arranges all activities within the pathway that are necessary for the appropriate treatment of the patient. During treatment, the Patient has several Clinical States such as diagnosed or treated. The concept Variable Flow covers the circumstance, that some parts of a treatment process are not exactly definable in advance. For example, some containing treatments steps are optional or the sequence of single steps is not determined but case specific. Also, single (sub) parts of one treatment step might be executed by different roles (e.g., different specialists). The concept Parallel Flow covers the parallel and simultaneous execution of activities. Simultaneity addresses the execution of parallel tasks at the same time. These tasks must not be executed successively. Further, a process flow contains several basic decision points (AND, OR, XOR) and Evidence-based decision points. Evidence-based decisions are predicated on evidence criteria that are processed within a
6 specific Decision Logic (see [29, 30]). Evidence Indicators can be assigned to different elements in order to explain their level of evidence and to provide a reference to a clinical pathway guideline (CPG). Activities can be divided into Treatment Activities, Diagnosis Activities and Supporting Activities. Besides, possible complications during treatment need to be taken into account: It is often necessary to define exceptional procedures for common complications that can be described in advance. This occurrence probability of process parts can be described, if appropriate evidences exist. Activities are executed by a specific Role that is responsible for the correct execution of an activity. Also, Documents for both medical and administrative purposes can be created or updated by activities (e.g., patient files). In the context of CPs, the consideration of time related aspects is crucial (e.g., [21]). Single activities of a treatment process are often restricted or triggered by Time Events. These events can be associated with reference times, specific periods or other time-wise values. 3.3 Requirements and Equivalence Check Based on both the stated domain concepts and requirements, the comparison with standard BPMN is conducted in order to identify a reasonable need for extension. According to the presented domain ontology, each concept is described briefly and examined regarding its semantically equivalence with standard elements. Therefore, the respective element descriptions, rules and explanations within the BPMN specification were analyzed in-depth. Table 1 provides the conducted equivalence check and its implications for the CMDE model (classification as or Extension Concept). For reasons of clarity, the comparison is divided into a set of generic process concepts and a set of CP specific concepts like evidence indicators. As result of the equivalence check, a classification as is made for each concepts. 3.4 Abstract Syntax: CDME and BPMN+X Model The CDME model was designed with regard to the stated domain ontology and the equivalence check (see Figure 3; standard BPMN classes are colored gray). Regarding to the single extension classes: A Task is specified by a Diagnosis Task, a Therapy Task and a Supporting Task. The Simultan Parallel Gateway specifies the Parallel Gateway in terms of the concurrent execution of activities. The Evidence-based Gateway specifies the Complex Gateway by defining a new Expression type in order to represent complex Evidence-based Expressions. These new expressions are composed of and at least one Decision Criterion and an optional Decision Logic that could specify individual logical expressions or formulas. A Decision Criterion has a Criterion Type that can be instantiated as Boolean Criterion Type or Interval Criterion Type. Each Interval Criterion Type has a specific range that is explicated by the minimum and maximum properties. Further, several BPMN elements can be associated with Evidence Indicators. Both the Evidence Level property and the Document Type property are designed as enumeration elements giving a domain-specific set of values (e.g., patient files, results from laboratory tests or treatment contracts). The stated properties of the CPG Reference element can be used for a detailed description
7 Req. R2 R2 R4 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R3 R5 Concept Activity Branch and Merge Operators Process Flow Iteration Responsibility (Role) Variable Flow Parallel Flow Time Events Treatment Steps (Diagnosis, Therapy, Supporting) Documents Clinical States Evidence-based Decision Decision Criterion Criterion Type Decision Logic Evidence Indicator Evidence Level CPG Reference Exceptional Treatment Semantics Process step within an entire process. Common decision points within the process flow (XOR, AND, OR). Directed control flow between tasks or activities. Repeatability of a process part, containing a set of activities. Exit conditions need to be defined. Definition of execution responsibilities. Some parts of treatment processes are not exactly definable in advance. For example, the execution of some treatment steps is variable or single treatment steps are optional. Also, there can be conditions regarding the number of executable activities ( 0..n, 1..n, at least two etc.). Besides, the execution of activity bundles by different roles should be possible. Parallel and simultaneous execution of activities. Temporal aspects, dependencies and restrictions (reference time, time period, specific time value) Specification of treatment steps as diagnosis task, therapy task or supporting task. Specification of documents for medical or administrative purposes. Representation of the patient s condition based on events, e.g. a start event represents the initial condition of a patient, a terminal event represents the state of the patient after treatment. Complex path decisions based on at least one decision criterion. Evidence based decision criterion having defined limit values. The type of a decision criterion. Evidence based decision logic that contains decision criteria and their application. Indicator that can be bound to activities, decisions, process parts and the entire process. Maturity and quality of an evident statement (levels A - F). Reference to a specific clinical practice guideline. Treatment of complications or other kinds of irregularities (both predictable and unpredictable) Equivalence Check Generic concepts from the CP domain and its representation within BPMN Equivalence Task, Activity Equivalence Exclusive Gateway (XOR), Parallel Gateway (AND), Inclusive Gateway (OR) Equivalence Sequence Flow Equivalence Loop Marker for iterations; Conditional Events for exit conditions Equivalence Pools, Lanes (a) Variable execution: Equivalence Ad Hoc Processes: Ad Hoc Processes contain a set of tasks having no pre-defined sequence. Both sequence and occurrence are determined by the performer of the process ([24], p ). (b) Role-across execution: Conditional equivalence Pools, Lanes: Pools are representations of participants and reflect responsibilities for an entire process. Lanes serve the organization of activities ([24], p. 306 et seq.). Lanes can be used for roles, systems or departments. Below, Lanes are used for the representation of roles and Pools are used for the entire CP. Further, Groups can be used for the visualization of logically contiguous activities over different roles. (c) Variable decision points: Equivalence Gateways: Gateways offer the opportunity to define very different decision logics. If necessary, Complex Gateways and Annotations can be used for the explication of nontrivial logics. Conditional equivalence Parallel Gateway: Parallel Gateways only define the synchronization of parallel sequence flows. Simultaneity regarding the particular tokens is not required ([24], p. 293; p. 434). Thus, Parallel Gateways cannot be used. Further, a combination of Parallel Gateways and Conditional Events is possible. However, the semantics of this concept should be realized within one element with respect to model clarity. Equivalence Timer Events Specific concepts from the CP domain and its representation within BPMN No equivalence (no appropriate Marker) Conditional equivalence Data Objects: The use of Data Objects is possible but would cause a high level of abstraction. Also, the use of Properties is not possible since only Processes, Activities and Events can be associated with them ([24], p. 210). Equivalence Events Conditional equivalence Complex Gateway: The use of a Complex Gateway and an associated Annotation containing the activation Condition is imaginable ([24], p. 84 and p. 295). However, this configuration lacks both in terms of formalization and the integration of evidence-based criteria. No equivalence No equivalence No equivalence No equivalence (a simple visual grouping of elements with Groups ([24], p. 68) is not preferred) No equivalence No equivalence Equivalence Cancel Events (e.g., cancellation of a therapy), Error Events (e.g., unexpected complications), Escalation Events (report to the next highest responsible role), Compensation Events (treatment of predictable irregularities) CDME (specification of parallel gateway concerning simultaneity) Table 1. Equivalence Check and Derivation of Concepts for the CDME Model
8 Fig. 3. Abstract syntax of the BPMN4CP extension (CDME and derived BPMN+X model)
9 of the respective CPG document in order to reference to the relevant statements. Based on the model transformation rules stated in Stroppi et al. (2011), the CDME model was then transformed into the BPMN+X model (Figure 3). With respect to the limited space of this paper, the application of each applied transformation rule cannot be presented. 3.5 Concrete Syntax and Demonstration The concrete syntax of the extension is presented in Figure 4. The Task element is specified by new markers for representing Diagnosis Tasks, Therapy Tasks and Support Tasks. A Document is depicted as specified Data Object with an icon on the left side that reflects the selected Document Type of the element. Further, the graphical representations of the Simultan Parallel Gateway and the Evidence-based Gateway are provided. An Evidence Indicator is depicted as orange hand containing the respective level of evidence. Following the determinations in the extension meta-model, the icon can be assigned to nearly all flow elements. Fig. 4. New notations: New task marker, specified data object (icon represents the document type), Simultan Parallel Gateway, Evidence-based Gateway and Evidence Level (left to right) Figure 5 demonstrates the evolved BPMN extension by presenting a simplified CPG of a wisdom tooth treatment whose semantic is as follows: The treatment starts with the diagnostical activities of anamnesis and radiographic test. Since the order of these steps is not explicitly determined while both activities are obligatory, we use parallel gateways. The surrounding group additionally visualizes the semantic integrity of both steps being diagnostics. The radiograph created is necessary for the later decision of therapy. Computer tomography and biopsy are additional but optional diagnostic steps, expressed using inclusive gateways. All these actions are typed diagnostic, illustrated by the corresponding icon. Fig. 5. Instance of BPMN4CP demonstrating a wisdom tooth treatment process
10 The dentist is responsible for the evidence-based decision of therapy. The decision is associated with several decision criteria (e.g., radix aberration [true/false], carious defect [true/false]) and decision logic, expressing that if a patient has no radix aberration but a carious defect, the alternative of a surgery is usually preferred. Otherwise, an iterative medication should be done, until the patient s hematocrit reaches an acceptable range, before being discharged finally. Since the dentist decides for a surgical excision, this activity is simultaneously supported by an anesthesia. In this case, the patient cannot be discharged before three hours after surgery. Evidence indicators are attached to various process elements expressing their evidence level. The radiographic test and the anamnesis e.g. are highly approved by the current medical science (A-level). 4 Discussion und Further Research 4.1 BPMN Extension vs. DSML Approach As stated at the beginning of this article, it was also intended to conduct a comparative analysis of the designed BPMN extension and a dedicated DSML approach, namely Burwitz et al. (2013). The analysis is feasible, since both approaches mainly repose on the same requirements (see Section 3.1). Therefore, an argumentative consideration of advantages and disadvantages was conducted (see Table 2). Table 2. Comparison between extension and DSML approach (legend: fulfilled, partly, not fulfilled) Criterion Extension Approach DSML Approach (see [5]) Domain Representation Nearly complete Complete * Discussion on conditional equivalences necessary (see Table 1) * ) Meta Model Level M2 / M2 profile Level M2 Abstr. Syntax Limited capabilities (missing element constraints), no views possible Views are possible Complete specification Concr. Syntax Limited by BPMN style ([24], p. 8) Not limited Procedure Limited guidance [1, 36] Limited guidance [10] Concept Reuse Broad reuse (e.g., task type) Re-design of basal process concepts Focus on domain concepts Focus on domain and process concepts Cost of Design Depends on relations to BPMN Depends on language Tool Support Good (range of tools) Limited Dissemination Very good Limited Integration Integration with other extensions Dedicated interfaces required Reuse of other BPMN interfaces No integration reuse Execution BPEL integration with adaption Requires dedicated design As can be seen from Table 2, DSMLs generally benefit from their capabilities in describing the domain adequately, since both syntax and semantics can be defined completely in accordance to the problem. Of course, the extension approach suffers from some shortcomings in this context due to limitations of the extension mechanism and its capabilities in defining new concepts. For instance, BPMN does not provide a
11 specification of the BPMN class that is extended in particular. Rather, each sub class of the Base Element class can have a relation to some extension class. It has also to be taken into account, that language extension requires both a very deep understanding of all language concepts and a reasonable consideration of semantic equivalences, what can be very time-consuming (see Section 3.3). On the other side, language extension benefits from the reuse of general concepts, constraints and rules. A dedicated definition of for instance basic process logic concepts is not necessary. However, it cannot be stated in general, that designing a DSML is more expensive than designing an extension, since some appropriate tools and frameworks exist for that (e.g., [9]). In regard to modeling tool support and the integration of further (process) extensions, the extension approach has advantages due to the dissemination of BPMN and the existence of interfaces, tools and also knowledge. In DSML approach, corresponding interfaces need to be implemented separately. The ability of BPEL based workflow integration is another plus of the BPMN extension approach, which supports model execution. In the context of CPs, we found that the BPMN extension approach is more suitable in terms of language design, since a range of BPMN tools could be reused or specialized (see Table 1). Further elements were added as kind of information objects with specific properties. However, a make or extend decision always depends on both the properties of the considered domain and the entire project scope. For instance, CPs are common in healthcare and hospitals perhaps even apply BPMN for CP modeling. Thus, BPMN seems to be better for reasons of scalability. In contrast, a DSML can be more powerful for very specific CP modeling cases that imply special requirements to the control flow, the message flow or model transformations. 4.2 Conclusion and Outlook This research article provides one major contribution as well as two related contributions: First, a valid BPMN extension for CPs is provided, which can be applied by domain experts or even customized by model engineers due to its comprehensive and precise specification. Second, we propose an enhancement of the BPMN extension approach of Stroppi et al. (2011) in order to conduct a deeper domain analysis with better consideration of comparing extension concepts with standard BPMN concepts. Third, we also introduced a comparison of the CP extension approach with a DSML based approach in order to state respective advantages and disadvantages. There are some issues for investigation in further research: First of all, it seems to be necessary to intensify research on decision support for language engineers in terms of extending a standard language or building a dedicated DSML from scratch. There should be also better methodical support of extension development; both regarding syntactical aspects (e.g., extension patterns) and also regarding to better guidance in development. It is also necessary to intensify research on the extend or build decision (see above), which depends on domain characteristics and the particular project context. With regard to BPMN4CP it has to be stated, that the extension has to be evaluated in a broader application space [16]. Currently, first prototypical application is done in the EU founded healthcare infrastructure project CCS Telehealth East
12 Saxony, in which the extension is used for building CPs that are used in the context of education, quality management certification and configuration of workflows for the case management tasks. Generally, there are also several aspects for further investigation in the field of conceptual modeling in healthcare: Industrial processes can be designed very strictly during process design-time since there is relatively low risk of unexpected events. In contrast, medical processes have a high potential of deviation while process run-time due to numerous reasons such as individual choices of patients, experiences of physicians or very untypical case complexes. Only few research addresses this topic so far. Concerning that, the recently published Case Management Model and Notation (CMMN) is very promising, as CMMN facilitates modeling ad-hoc reactions to changing, case-depended conditions [23]. Within this research article, we focus on BPMN due its dissemination in the healthcare sector and its benefits (see Section 1). Finally, we have also identified problems in modeling role across (shared) activities in BPMN (see also [22]). Indeed, it is possible to model a shared set of activities by using Lanes and Groups in one diagram, but this configuration does not allow to model iterations within the grouped set of activities. Separating the shared activity into several diagrams is possible at this point, but impedes model readability. References 1. Atkinson, C., Gerbig, R., Fritzsche, M.: Modeling language extension in the enterprise systems domain. IEEE International EDOC Conference, (2013) 2. Atkinson, C., Gutheil, M., Kennel, B.: A flexible infrastructure for multilevel language engineering. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 35(6), (2009) 3. Becker, J.: Interview with Reinhard Schütte on Managing Large-scale BPM Projects. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 1-3 (2014). 4. Braun, R., Esswein, W.: Classification of Domain-Specific BPMN Extensions. In: Frank, U., Pastor, O., Loucopoulos, P., Petrounias, I. (Eds.) Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 197, (2014) 5. Burwitz, M., Schlieter, H., Esswein, W.: Modeling Clinical Pathways-Design and Application of a Domain-Specific Modeling Language. Wirtschaftsinformatik Proceedings, Paper 83 (2013) 6. Chinosi, M., Trombetta, A.: BPMN: An introduction to the standard. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 34(1), (2012) 7. De Bleser, L., Depreitere, R., De Waele, K., Vanhaecht, K., Vlayen, J., Sermeus, W.: Defining Pathways. Journal of Nursing Management 14(7), (2006) 8. Decker, G., Kopp, O., Leymann, F., and Weske, M. BPEL4Chor: Extending BPEL for modeling choreographies. IEEE Internat. Conference on Web Services, (2007) 9. Frank, U.: Multi-Perspective Enterprise Modeling (MEMO) Conceptual Framework and Modeling Languages. HICCS Proceedings, (2002) 10. Frank, U.: Some Guidelines for the Conception of Domain-Specific Modeling Languages. EMISA Proceedings, 190, (2011) 11. Greiffenberg, S. (2004). Methodenentwicklung in Wirtschaft und Verwaltung. Kovac. 12. Heise, D., Hess, M., Strecker, S., Frank, U.: Rekonstruktion eines klinischen Behandlungspfads mithilfe domänenspezifischer Erweiterungen einer Geschäftsprozessmodellierungssprache. DLM 2010, (2010)
13 13. Happel, H. J., Seedorf, S.: Applications of ontologies in software engineering: Proceedings of Workshop on Sematic Web Enabled Software Engineering on the ISWC, 5-9 (2006) 14. Hashemian, N., Abidi, S. S. R.: Modeling clinical workflows using business process modeling notation. International Symposium on. Computer-Based Medical Systems (2012) 15. Heijst, G., Schreiber, A.T., Wielinga, B.J.: Using Explicit Ontologies in KBS Development. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 46(2), (1997) 16. Hevner, A.R., March, S.T., Park, J., Ram, S.: Design Science in Information Systems Research. MIS Quarterly, 28(1), (2004) 17. ISO (International Organization for Standardization): ISO/IEC 19510:2013, Object Management Group Business Process Model and Notation (2013) 18. Kirchner, K. et al.: Experience from collaborative modeling of clinical pathways. Tagungsband des Workshops Modellierung im Gesundheitswesen, (2014) 19. Lenz, R., Reichert, M.: IT Support for Healthcare Processes premises, Challenges, Perspectives. Data and Knowledge Engineering, 61(1), (2007) 20. Loos, P., Mettler, T., Winter, R., Goeken, M., Frank, U., Winter, A.: Methodological pluralism in business and information systems engineering? Business & Information Systems Engineering, 5(6), (2013). 21. Lin, F. R., Chou, S. C., Pan, S. M., Chen, Y. M.: Mining time dependency patterns in clinical pathways. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 62(1), (2001) 22. Müller, R., Rogge-Solti, A.: BPMN for Healthcare Processes. Third Central European Workshop on Services and their Composition, (2011) 23. Object Management Group (OMG): Case Management Model and Notation Version (2014) 24. Object Management Group (OMG): Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), Version (2011) 25. Object Management Group (OMG): Meta Object Facility (MOF), Version (2014) 26. Object Management Group (OMG): Unified Modeling Language Specification Version (2011) 27. Pardillo, J.: A Systematic Review on the Definition of UML Profiles. Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (6394), Rotter, T., L. Kinsman, E. James, A. Machotta, H. Gothe, J. Willis, P. Snow, J. Kugler: Clinical Pathways: Effects on Professional Practice, Patient Outcomes, Length of Stay and Hospital Costs. Cochrane Database Systems Review,3 (2010) 29. Sackett, D. L., Rosenberg, W., Gray, J. A., Haynes, R. B., Richardson, W. S.: Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn t. BMJ, 312(7023), (1996). 30. Sackett, D. L.: Evidence-based medicine. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (2000) 31. Sarshar, K., Loos, P.: Klassifikation von Sprachen zur Modellierung medizinischer Behandlungspfade. In: Rebstock, M. (ed.) Tagungsband MobIS 2004, (2004) 32. Sarshar, K. P., Dominitzki, P., Loos, P.: Einsatz von Ereignisgesteuerten Prozessketten zur Modellierung von Prozessen in der Krankenhausdomäne - Eine Empirische Methodenevaluation. EPK 2005, (2005) 33. Scheuerlein, H., Rauchfuss, F., Dittmar, Y., Molle, R., Lehmann, T., Pienkos, N., Settmacher, U.: New methods for clinical pathways Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) and Tangible Business Process Modeling (t.bpm). Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery, 397(5), (2012) 34. Schlieter, H.: Ableitung von Klinischen Pfaden aus Medizinischen Leitlinien - Ein Modellbasierter Ansatz. Dissertation, Technische Universität Dresden (2012)
14 35. Selic, B.: A Systematic Approach to Domain-Specific Language Design Using UML. 10th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component- Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing, 2-9 (2007) 36. Stroppi, L. J. R., Chiotti, O., Villarreal, P.D.: Extending BPMN 2.0: Method and Tool Support. Business Process Model and Notation, 5973 (2011) 37. W3C: OW+L 2 Web Ontology Language - Document Overview; W3C Recommendation. (2012)
Modeling Clinical Pathways - Design and Application of a Domain-Specific Modeling Language
Modeling Clinical Pathways - Design and pplication of a Domain-Specific Modeling Language Martin Burwitz, Hannes Schlieter, and Werner Esswein Technische Universität Dresden, Chair of Information Systems,More information
Dr. Jana Koehler IBM Zurich Research Laboratory
Precise Modeling of Business Processes with the Business Process Modeling Notation BPMN 2.0 Dr. Jana Koehler IBM Zurich Research Laboratory ZRL BIT at a Glance Computer Science at ZRL: Security/CryptographyMore information
Process Modeling Notations and Workflow Patterns
Process Modeling Notations and Workflow Patterns Stephen A. White, IBM Corp., United States ABSTRACT The research work of Wil van der Aalst, Arthur ter Hofstede, Bartek Kiepuszewski, and Alistair BarrosMore information
The Integrated Clinical Pathways -Approach Current Requirements to the Knowledge Management in Health Information Systems
The Integrated Clinical Pathways -Approach Current Requirements to the Knowledge Management in Health Information Systems Marita Muscholl International Health Care Management Institute, Am WissenschaftsparkMore information
Business-Driven Software Engineering Lecture 3 Foundations of Processes
Business-Driven Software Engineering Lecture 3 Foundations of Processes Jochen Küster email@example.com Agenda Introduction and Background Process Modeling Foundations Activities and Process Models SummaryMore information
Business Process Modeling Information Systems in Industry (372-1-4207 )
Business Process Modeling Information Systems in Industry (372-1-4207 ) Arnon Sturm The material of this presentation is adopted from various people including:, Pnina Soffer, Iris Reinhartz-Berger 1 OutlineMore information
Quick Guide Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)
Quick Guide Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) IDM Technical Team January 2007 Quick Guide: BPMN 2 of 14 The scope of this document is to provide a quick guide to the concepts and usage of the BusinessMore information
Modeling Guidelines Manual
Modeling Guidelines Manual [Insert company name here] July 2014 Author: John Doe email@example.com Page 1 of 22 Table of Contents 1. Introduction... 3 2. Business Process Management (BPM)... 4 2.1.More information
Business Process Standards and Modeling
Business Process Standards and Modeling Janne J. Korhonen Helsinki University of Technology STANDARDS Standards Organizations Object Management Group (www.omg.org) Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)More information
OMG releases BPMN 1.1 - What's changed?
OMG releases BPMN 1.1 - What's changed? (revised version as of April 2008) Gero Decker 1 and Torben Schreiter 2 1 Hasso Plattner Institute, Potsdam, Germany 2 inubit AG, Berlin, Germany Abstract The BusinessMore information
Page 1 COMBINING PROCESS MODELLING AND CASE MODELLING Knut Hinkelmann and Arianna Pierfranceschi FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, School of Business RiggenbachstrasseMore information
Semantic Business Process Management Lectuer 1 - Introduction
Arbeitsgruppe Semantic Business Process Management Lectuer 1 - Introduction Prof. Dr. Adrian Paschke Corporate Semantic Web (AG-CSW) Institute for Computer Science, Freie Universitaet Berlin firstname.lastname@example.com information
Winery A Modeling Tool for TOSCA-based Cloud Applications
Institute of Architecture of Application Systems Winery A Modeling Tool for TOSCA-based Cloud Applications Oliver Kopp 1,2, Tobias Binz 2, Uwe Breitenbücher 2, and Frank Leymann 2 1 IPVS, 2 IAAS, UniversityMore information
Business Process Driven SOA using BPMN and BPEL
Business Process Driven SOA using BPMN and BPEL From Business Process Modeling to Orchestration and Service Oriented Architecture Matjaz B. Juric Kapil Pant PUBLISHING BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI Preface ChapterMore information
BPMN by example. Bizagi Suite. Copyright 2014 Bizagi
BPMN by example Bizagi Suite Recruitment and Selection 1 Table of Contents Scope... 2 BPMN 2.0 Business Process Modeling Notation... 2 Why Is It Important To Model With Bpmn?... 2 Introduction to BPMN...More information
A Service Oriented Approach for Guidelines-based Clinical Decision Support using BPMN
e-health For Continuity of Care C. Lovis et al. (Eds.) 2014 European Federation for Medical Informatics and IOS Press. This article is published online with Open Access by IOS Press and distributed underMore information
From Business World to Software World: Deriving Class Diagrams from Business Process Models
From Business World to Software World: Deriving Class Diagrams from Business Process Models WARARAT RUNGWORAWUT 1 AND TWITTIE SENIVONGSE 2 Department of Computer Engineering, Chulalongkorn University 254More information
Transforming PICTURE to BPMN 2.0 as Part of the Model-driven Development of Electronic Government Systems
Heitkötter, Henning, Transforming PICTURE to BPMN 2.0 as Part of the Model-Driven Development of Electronic Government Systems, 44th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), pp. 1 10,More information
The OMG BPM Standards
The OMG BPM Standards Derek Miers CEO, BPM Focus +44 (20) 8742 8500 UK Office +44 (7703) 178 500 UK Cell +1 (714) 600 9010 US Cell email@example.com A BPM Definition Business Process Management is primarilyMore information
Modeling Temporal Data in Electronic Health Record Systems
International Journal of Information Science and Intelligent System, 3(3): 51-60, 2014 Modeling Temporal Data in Electronic Health Record Systems Chafiqa Radjai 1, Idir Rassoul², Vytautas Čyras 3 1,2 MouloudMore information
A UML 2 Profile for Business Process Modelling *
A UML 2 Profile for Business Process Modelling * Beate List and Birgit Korherr Women s Postgraduate College for Internet Technologies Institute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems Vienna UniversityMore information
Linking BPMN, ArchiMate, and BWW: Perfect Match for Complete and Lawful Business Process Models?
Linking BPMN, ArchiMate, and BWW: Perfect Match for Complete and Lawful Business Process Models? Ludmila Penicina Institute of Applied Computer Systems, Riga Technical University, 1 Kalku, Riga, LV-1658,More information
7. Classification. Business value. Structuring (repetition) Automation. Classification (after Leymann/Roller) Automation.
7. Classification Business Process Modelling and Workflow Management Business value Lecture 4 (Terminology cntd.) Ekkart Kindler firstname.lastname@example.com Structuring (repetition) Automation UPB SS 2006 L04 2 ClassificationMore information
Process Modeling Notations and Workflow Patterns
Process Modeling Notations and Workflow Patterns Stephen A. White IBM Corporation ABSTRACT The research work of Wil van der Aalst, Arthur ter Hofstede, Bartek Kiepuszewski, and Alistair Barros has resultedMore information
Development of Tool Extensions with MOFLON
Development of Tool Extensions with MOFLON Ingo Weisemöller, Felix Klar, and Andy Schürr Fachgebiet Echtzeitsysteme Technische Universität Darmstadt D-64283 Darmstadt, Germany {weisemoeller klar email@example.com information
Towards Flexible Business Process Modeling and Implementation: Combining Domain Specific Modeling Languages and Pattern-based Transformations
Towards Flexible Business Process Modeling and Implementation: Combining Domain Specific Modeling Languages and Pattern-based Transformations Steen Brahe 1 and Behzad Bordbar 2 1 Danske Bank and IT UniversityMore information
Process Modeling using BPMN 2.0
Process Modeling using BPMN 2.0 This chapter provides a brief overview of Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) concepts with particular emphasis on the BPMN 2.0 additions. In addition, it describesMore information
AMFIBIA: A Meta-Model for the Integration of Business Process Modelling Aspects
AMFIBIA: A Meta-Model for the Integration of Business Process Modelling Aspects Björn Axenath, Ekkart Kindler, Vladimir Rubin Software Engineering Group, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098More information
An Ontological Approach to Oracle BPM
An Ontological Approach to Oracle BPM Jean Prater, Ralf Mueller, Bill Beauregard Oracle Corporation, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065, USA email@example.com, email@example.com, email@example.com information
Development of Enterprise Architecture of PPDR Organisations W. Müller, F. Reinert
Int'l Conf. Software Eng. Research and Practice SERP'15 225 Development of Enterprise Architecture of PPDR Organisations W. Müller, F. Reinert Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies andMore information
Service Oriented Architecture
Service Oriented Architecture Charlie Abela Department of Artificial Intelligence email@example.com Last Lecture Web Ontology Language Problems? CSA 3210 Service Oriented Architecture 2 Lecture OutlineMore information
Business Process Modeling with BPMN. Dr. Darius Šilingas Head of Solutions Department email@example.com
Business Process Modeling with BPMN Dr. Darius Šilingas Head of Solutions Department firstname.lastname@example.com No Magic Europe, 2012 About Instructor Dr. Darius Šilingas q Principal Consultant and HeadMore information
Business Process Modeling and Standardization
Business Modeling and Standardization Antoine Lonjon Chief Architect MEGA Content Introduction Business : One Word, Multiple Arenas of Application Criteria for a Business Modeling Standard State of theMore information
BPMN 2.0 Descriptive Constructs
Reference: Mustafa Jarrar: Lecture Notes on BPMN 2.0 Descriptive Constructs Birzeit University, Palestine, 2015 BPMN 2.0 Descriptive Constructs Mustafa Jarrar Birzeit University, Palestine firstname.lastname@example.com information
The BPM to UML activity diagram transformation using XSLT
The BPM to UML activity diagram transformation using XSLT Ondřej Macek 1 and Karel Richta 1,2 1 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University,More information
Model Driven Interoperability through Semantic Annotations using SoaML and ODM
Model Driven Interoperability through Semantic Annotations using SoaML and ODM JiuCheng Xu*, ZhaoYang Bai*, Arne J.Berre*, Odd Christer Brovig** *SINTEF, Pb. 124 Blindern, NO-0314 Oslo, Norway (e-mail:More information
Journal of Information Technology Management SIGNS OF IT SOLUTIONS FAILURE: REASONS AND A PROPOSED SOLUTION ABSTRACT
Journal of Information Technology Management ISSN #1042-1319 A Publication of the Association of Management SIGNS OF IT SOLUTIONS FAILURE: REASONS AND A PROPOSED SOLUTION MAJED ABUSAFIYA NEW MEXICO TECHMore information
Circles and Diamonds and Squares, Oh My! Demystifying the BPMN Standard
Circles and Diamonds and Squares, Oh My! Demystifying the BPMN Standard BPMN standards can be confusing, but once you understand their purpose and how to use them, they can be lifesavers. This paper, basedMore information
A business process metamodel for Enterprise Information Systems automatic generation
A business process metamodel for Enterprise Information Systems automatic generation Luiz Fernando Batista Loja 1, Valdemar Vicente Graciano Neto 1, Sofia Larissa da Costa 1, Juliano Lopes de OliveiraMore information
Business Process Modelling Notation A tutorial
Business Process Modelling Notation A tutorial Sam Mancarella Chief Technology Officer Sparx Systems email@example.com OMG SOA in Healthcare January 14, 2011 Tutorial Objectives This tutorialMore information
Human-Readable BPMN Diagrams
Human-Readable BPMN Diagrams Refactoring OMG s E-Mail Voting Example Thomas Allweyer V 1.1 1 The E-Mail Voting Process Model The Object Management Group (OMG) has published a useful non-normative documentMore information
Towards an Integration of Business Process Modeling and Object-Oriented Software Development
Towards an Integration of Business Process Modeling and Object-Oriented Software Development Peter Loos, Peter Fettke Chemnitz Univeristy of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany {loos email@example.com information
Modeling Business Processes for SOA: Designing the Service Oriented Enterprise
Modeling Business Processes for SOA: Designing the Service Oriented Enterprise 27 Mar. 03-23-05 2006 March 27, 2006 Fred A. Cummins, EDS Fellow, Chair OMG BMIDTF EDS Technology Policy, Processes and StandardsMore information
TOTAL LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT No. 2 2009 PP. 5 13 Bartłomiej GAWEŁ, Anna PILCH USAGE OF BUSINESS RULES IN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Abstract: The growth of efficiency in supply chain management depends on theMore information
Towards Model-based Integration of Management Systems
Towards Model-based Integration of Management Systems Richard Roessler 1,*, and Hannes Schlieter 1 1 Technische Universität Dresden, Lehrstuhl für Wirtschaftsinformatik, insb. Systementwicklung, Dresden,More information
BPMN PATTERNS USED IN MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS Gabriel Cozgarea 1 Adrian Cozgarea 2 ABSTRACT: Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is a graphical standard in which controls and activities canMore information
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING NOTATION BPMN 1.2 AND BPMN 2.0 Email: {goliva,email@example.com / Twitter: @golivax Agenda 2 Introduction to Business Processes BPMN 1.2 Introduction ElementsMore information
Process Modelling Notations
Process Modelling Notations Event-driven Process Chains (EPC) Business Process Modelling Notation (BPMN) Workflow Management Agenda Motivation for BPM EPC BPMN Case Study 1 Why Business Process ModellingMore information
FHIM Model Content Overview
FHIM Model Content Overview Federal Health Information Model (FHIM) and Associated Terminology Models Goal Produce a logical, health information model that supports semantic interoperability and that isMore information
NRS Business Process Standards and Guidelines using BPMN
Corporate Services for the Natural Resource Sector Information Management Branch NRS Business Process Standards and Guidelines using BPMN Last Updated: June 21, 2016 Version: 1.0.1 Document: NRS BusinessMore information
Accounting and Management Information Systems Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 637 651, 2012 BPMN VS. UML ACTIVITY DIAGRAM FOR BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING Cristina Venera GEAMBAŞU 1 The Bucharest University of EconomicMore information
Designing a Semantic Repository
Designing a Semantic Repository Integrating architectures for reuse and integration Overview Cory Casanave Cory-c (at) modeldriven.org ModelDriven.org May 2007 The Semantic Metadata infrastructure willMore information
Semantic Business Process Management
Arbeitsgruppe Lecture Semantic Business Process Management Prof. Dr. Adrian Paschke Corporate Semantic Web (AG-CSW) Institute for Computer Science, Freie Universitaet Berlin email@example.com http://www.inf.fu-berlin.de/groups/ag-csw/More information
Web Services - Consultant s View. From IT Stategy to IT Architecture. Agenda. Introduction
Web Services - A Consultant s View From IT Stategy to IT Architecture Hans-Peter Hoidn, Timothy Jones, Jürg Baumann, Oliver Vogel February 12, 2003 Copyright IBM Corporation 2002 Agenda Introduction I.More information
Applying 4+1 View Architecture with UML 2. White Paper
Applying 4+1 View Architecture with UML 2 White Paper Copyright 2007 FCGSS, all rights reserved. www.fcgss.com Introduction Unified Modeling Language (UML) has been available since 1997, and UML 2 wasMore information
Meta-Model specification V2 D602.012
PROPRIETARY RIGHTS STATEMENT THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION, WHICH IS PROPRIETARY TO THE CRYSTAL CONSORTIUM. NEITHER THIS DOCUMENT NOR THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN SHALL BE USED, DUPLICATED ORMore information
Modeling Business Processes with BPMN
Modeling Business Processes with BPMN Knut Hinkelmann The Business Process Perspective on Enterprise Architecture From the business process perspective, enterprise architecture achieves enterprise integrationMore information
System modeling. Budapest University of Technology and Economics Department of Measurement and Information Systems
System modeling Business process modeling how to do it right Partially based on Process Anti-Patterns: How to Avoid the Common Traps of Business Process Modeling, J Koehler, J Vanhatalo, IBM Zürich, 2007.More information
An Automated Workflow System Geared Towards Consumer Goods and Services Companies
Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Bali, Indonesia, January 7 9, 2014 An Automated Workflow System Geared Towards Consumer Goods and ServicesMore information
Modeling the User Interface of Web Applications with UML
Modeling the User Interface of Web Applications with UML Rolf Hennicker,Nora Koch,2 Institute of Computer Science Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich Oettingenstr. 67 80538 München, Germany {kochn,firstname.lastname@example.com information
Business Process Measures
Business Process Measures Valdis Vitolins University of Latvia, IMCS, 29 Raina blvd, LV-459, Riga, Latvia firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. The paper proposes a new methodology for defining businessMore information
Overview of major concepts in the service oriented extended OeBTO
Modelling business policies and behaviour based on extended Open edi Business Transaction Ontology (OeBTO) Introduction Model Driven Development (MDD) provides a basis for the alignment between businessMore information
Session 3: Business Process Modeling (BPMN) Overview, Activities, Flows
CIS 4120 Fa13: Define/Innovate BP s Session 3: Business Process Modeling (BPMN) Overview, Activities, Flows Richard Welke Director, CEPRIN Professor, CIS Robinson College of Business Georgia State UniversityMore information
10g versions followed on separate paths due to different approaches, but mainly due to differences in technology that were known to be huge.
Oracle BPM 11g Platform Analysis May 2010 I was privileged to be invited to participate in "EMEA BPM 11g beta bootcamp" in April 2010, where I had close contact with the latest release of Oracle BPM 11g.More information
Using UML Part Two Behavioral Modeling Diagrams
UML Tutorials Using UML Part Two Behavioral Modeling Diagrams by Sparx Systems All material Sparx Systems 2007 Sparx Systems 2007 Page 1 Trademarks Object Management Group, OMG, Unified Modeling Language,More information
What is a clinical pathway? Development of a definition to inform. the debate.
What is a clinical pathway? Development of a definition to inform the debate. Leigh Kinsman, Senior Research Fellow School of Rural Health, Monash University PO Box 666, Bendigo, VIC, Australia 3552 Email:More information
Efficient BPMN: from Anti-Patterns to Best Practices
Efficient BPMN: from Anti-Patterns to Best Practices Architecture Made Simple Kristina Bigelienė, No Magic Europe About Speaker Kristina Bigelienė email@example.com Solution Architect forMore information
Nr.: Fakultät für Informatik Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg
Nr.: Fakultät für Informatik Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Nr.: Fakultät für Informatik Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg Impressum ( 5 TMG) Herausgeber: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgMore information
VARIABILITY MODELING FOR CUSTOMIZABLE SAAS APPLICATIONS Ashraf A. Shahin 1, 2 1 College of Computer and Information Sciences, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) Riyadh, Kingdom of SaudiMore information
BPMN Business Process Modelling Notation
BPMN Business Process Modelling Notation Knut Hinkelmann This chapter is based on the BPMN Tutorial of Stephen A. White and the book White, S.A., Miers, D. (2008) BPMN - Modeling and Reference Guide. FutureMore information
A Pattern-based Approach to Business Process Modeling and Implementation in Web Services
A Pattern-based Approach to Business Process Modeling and Implementation in Web Services Steen Brahe 1 and Behzad Bordbar 2 1 Danske Bank & IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark email@example.com 2 UniversityMore information
Why are Business Process Models often too complex? Do s and Don ts for Business Process Modelers
Why are Business Process Models often too complex? Do s and Don ts for Business Process Modelers Version 1.0 This document developed by Dr. Juergen Pitschke, BCS-Dr. Juergen Pitschke, www.enterprise-design.euMore information
A Variability Viewpoint for Enterprise Software Systems
2012 Joint Working Conference on Software Architecture & 6th European Conference on Software Architecture A Variability Viewpoint for Enterprise Software Systems Matthias Galster University of Groningen,More information
Modeling Turnpike: a Model-Driven Framework for Domain-Specific Software Development *
for Domain-Specific Software Development * Hiroshi Wada Advisor: Junichi Suzuki Department of Computer Science University of Massachusetts, Boston firstname.lastname@example.com and firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. ThisMore information
Architectural Design
Software Engineering Architectural Design 1 Software architecture The design process for identifying the sub-systems making up a system and the framework for sub-system control and communication is architecturalMore information
Data-Aware Service Choreographies through Transparent Data Exchange
Institute of Architecture of Application Systems Data-Aware Service Choreographies through Transparent Data Exchange Michael Hahn, Dimka Karastoyanova, and Frank Leymann Institute of Architecture of ApplicationMore information
Integration of SAP NetWeaver BPM and Signavio Process Editor. A White Paper
Integration of SAP NetWeaver BPM and Signavio Process Editor A White Paper February 2013 Authors Gero Decker, Signavio GmbH (firstname.lastname@example.com) Nico Herzberg, HPI at University of Potsdam (email@example.com)More information
BPMN Fundamentals. BPMI Meeting #12. London, United Kingdom May 13-14, 2004. Stephen A. White, IBM Notation Working Group Chair
BPMN Fundamentals Stephen A. White, IBM Notation Working Group Chair BPMI Meeting #12 London, United Kingdom May 13-14, 2004 Topics Background Relationship to other BPM Notations/ Languages and to StandardsMore information
Federated, Generic Configuration Management for Engineering Data
Federated, Generic Configuration Management for Engineering Data Dr. Rainer Romatka Boeing GPDIS_2013.ppt 1 Presentation Outline I Summary Introduction Configuration Management Overview CM System RequirementsMore information
Semantic-enabled Software Engineering and Development
Semantic-enabled Software Engineering and Development Bernhard Bauer, Stephan Roser Programming of Distributed Systems, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg [bauer roser]@informatik.uni-augsburg.de Abstract:More information
Tool Support for Software Variability Management and Product Derivation in Software Product Lines
Tool Support for Software Variability Management and Product Derivation in Software s Hassan Gomaa 1, Michael E. Shin 2 1 Dept. of Information and Software Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax,More information
D. SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE PRINCIPLES 1. Principles of serviceorientation 2. Service exchange lifecycle 3. Service composition 4. Evolution of SOA 212 D.1 Principles of service-orientation 213 HISTORICALMore information
Architecture Design & Sequence Diagram. Week 7
Architecture Design & Sequence Diagram Week 7 Announcement Reminder Midterm I: 1:00 1:50 pm Wednesday 23 rd March Ch. 1, 2, 3 and 26.5 Hour 1, 6, 7 and 19 (pp.331 335) Multiple choice Agenda (Lecture)More information
A semantic extension of a hierarchical storage management system for small and medium-sized enterprises.
Faculty of Computer Science Institute of Software- and Multimedia Technology, Chair of Multimedia Technology A semantic extension of a hierarchical storage management system for small and medium-sizedMore information
Juliane Neumann, Max Rockstroh, Sascha Vinz, Thomas Neumuth
Juliane Neumann, Max Rockstroh, Sascha Vinz, Thomas Neumuth TECHNICAL REPORT SURGICAL WORKFLOW AND PROCESS MODELING Version 1.1 September 29, 2015 Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS) LeipzigMore information
IBM Software Group. Introduction to BPMN. Stephen A. White, BPM Architect, IBM October 16, 2006. IBM Corporation
IBM Software Group Introduction to BPMN Stephen A. White, BPM Architect, IBM October 16, 2006 IBM Corporation Introduction IBM Software Group WebSphere software! This tutorial introduces business processMore information
Interaction Choreography Models in BPEL: Choreographies on the Enterprise Service Bus
S BPM ONE 2010 the Subjectoriented BPM Conference http://www.aifb.kit.edu/web/s bpm one/2010 Interaction Choreography Models in BPEL: Choreographies on the Enterprise Service Bus Oliver Kopp, Lasse Engler,More information
Modeling Workflow Patterns
Modeling Workflow Patterns Bizagi Suite Workflow Patterns 1 Table of Contents Modeling workflow patterns... 4 Implementing the patterns... 4 Basic control flow patterns... 4 WCP 1- Sequence... 4 WCP 2-More information
Ontological Identification of Patterns for Choreographing Business Workflow
University of Aizu, Graduation Thesis. March, 2010 s1140042 1 Ontological Identification of Patterns for Choreographing Business Workflow Seiji Ota s1140042 Supervised by Incheon Paik Abstract BusinessMore information
Service Level Agreements based on Business Process Modeling
Service Level Agreements based on Business Process Modeling Holger Schmidt Munich Network Management Team University of Munich, Dept. of CS Oettingenstr. 67, 80538 Munich, Germany Email: firstname.lastname@example.com information
Business Process Management and IT Architecture Design. The T case study. Dr. Jana Koehler Olaf Zimmermann IBM Zurich Research Laboratory
Business Process Management and IT Architecture Design The T case study Dr. Jana Koehler Olaf Zimmermann IBM Zurich Research Laboratory ZRL BIT at a Glance IBM Zurich Research Lab (ZRL), Rüschlikon/ZHMore information
Scalable End-User Access to Big Data http://www.optique-project.eu/ HELLENIC REPUBLIC National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Scalable End-User Access to Big Data http://www.optique-project.eu/ HELLENIC REPUBLIC National and Kapodistrian University of Athens 1 Optique: Improving the competitiveness of European industry For manyMore information
What is BPM? Software tools enabling BPM
What is BPM? BPM, or Business Process Management, is a technology, but it is also more than that. Broadly speaking, one can consider BPM as a management discipline in which processes are valued as assetsMore information
User-centered Requirements Elicitation for Business Intelligence Solutions
User-centered Requirements Elicitation for Business Intelligence Solutions Hendrik Meth and Alexander Mädche University of Mannheim Chair of Information Systems IV - Enterprise Information Systems 68131More information
Representing XML Schema in UML A Comparison of Approaches
Representing XML Schema in UML A Comparison of Approaches Martin Bernauer, Gerti Kappel, Gerhard Kramler Business Informatics Group, Vienna University of Technology, Austria {firstname.lastname@example.com information
4.7 Business Process Model and Notation
206 4 Process Orchestrations 4.7 Business Process Model and Notation This section introduces the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN), developed under the coordination of the Object Management Group.More information
SOA Enabled Workflow Modernization
Abstract Vitaly Khusidman Workflow Modernization is a case of Architecture Driven Modernization (ADM) and follows ADM Horseshoe Lifecycle. This paper explains how workflow modernization fits into the ADMMore information
Usage of Business Process Choreography
Usage of Business Process Choreography Akira Tanaka, Hitachi, Ltd. email@example.com Infrastructures and Standard 1 Agenda Introduction Lifecycle! Design phase! Usage phase! Managing phase RemarksMore information
Open Source egovernment Reference Architecture Osera.modeldriven.org. Copyright 2006 Data Access Technologies, Inc. Slide 1
Open Source egovernment Reference Architecture Osera.modeldriven.org Slide 1 Caveat OsEra and the Semantic Core is work in progress, not a ready to use capability Slide 2 OsEra What we will cover OsEraMore information
2 nd UML 2 Semantics Symposium: Formal Semantics for UML
2 nd UML 2 Semantics Symposium: Formal Semantics for UML Manfred Broy 1, Michelle L. Crane 2, Juergen Dingel 2, Alan Hartman 3, Bernhard Rumpe 4, and Bran Selic 5 1 Technische Universität München, GermanyMore information


text:
I AM A FAILED DANCER. I WRITE THAT sentence while still out of breath from a session in front of the mirror, where I performed a spirited imitation of the dance solo that introduces Spike Lee's "Do the Right Thing," wearing my son's old bike shorts. I'm able to tell myself it was actually a quite creditable imitation. But that's because I'm alone in the house, and because Martha Graham, rest her angular and uncompromising soul, is dead.
The most influential of all 20th century dancers, Martha Graham died April 1, 1991, at the age of 96. The death of my dancing dreams still wears her stark face.
My failure began just as success would have: I was born with dance fever. I could show you the incredibly tiny ballet slippers I ,, got the first Christmas my dance-mania became apparent to my intensely art-orient- ed parents. The slippers are less than 3 inches long, coated with cracked and peeling gold paint my mother had applied because my Christmas wish (I'm told) was not merely for ballet shoes but for golden ballet shoes. I wanted to be a Star. I was 2.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
With the weather getting warmer we are starting to get bored of wearing those skinny jeans and we are definitely looking forward to summer comfortable clothes. In case you didn't know that or you never had the chance to try it, stylish maxi skirts are the best garments to wear during the summer season to be fashionable and, most importantly, comfortable.
As every piece of fashion, you need to be conscious of your body shape, in order to make the best choice in terms of length and dress figure. You might find the picture from below really helpful to understand which body shape you have and which style suits you the most.
As you can see, if you have a petit body type you don't have to feel put off by the skirt length because there are many stores who also sell smaller sizes of maxi skirts (such as Forever21) that will suit your body shape perfectly. Also, it is known that, wearing some sort of patterns, such as floral ones or stripes, you will appear slightly taller.
As to the curvy women, avoid wearing the skirt right on your hips, but place it slightly above in order to create a straight and more elongated silhouette line, moving away the attention from your belly or stomach.
Lastly, the taller women, who might find it a little easier to find the perfect skirt length. They can decide to wear the skirt on their hips, to create harmony within the figure and, also, if they feel comfortable with it, a crop top and a maxi skirt is actually the best combination for this body shape.
If you want to know more about maxi skirt outfit ideas, have a look at the tips below and don't forget to share the article if you liked it!
– Sporty look
If you are more of a casual girl you may want to combine a neutral maxi skirt (grey, black, white) with a pair of sneakers, a plan T-shirt and a denim garment, such as a shirt or a jacket.
– Summer look


text: Properly rooted everything and did nandroid backup. Used Rom Manager Pro to install Liquid Gingerbread. Then my apps started installing from Android Market when I got everything set up. My phone appeared stuck, so went to reboot, and was going to take a few apps off, but when I turned it back on, now all it will do is flash pretty colors. It's pretty and all, but it won't do anything else. I tried to go back to RSD Lite with my computer to reset it to factory reset, but no dice. I am running 2.3.3 Gingerbread with the 4.5.605 update, again with Liquid Gingerbread. There is no theme on there yet. I'm at a loss as to what to do because the only way to turn the pretty flashing colors (which I know is some loop) is to pull the battery (which I have already done several times). Somebody please help the nice lady with the pretty colorful paperweight. :biggrin: PS - holding down the power button with the down volume button and camera button doesn't work - oh, and this is a Droid X.


text:
Low Loft Beds
We're always on the lookout for elegant solutions that keep the bed from becoming the focal point of a one-room apartment. Loft beds are an obvious fix, but if you aren't blessed with high ceilings, they can feel a bit coffin-like. However, as these examples show, even a minor change in elevation can have dramatic results.
Both of these homeowners used stairs and partitions to create the feeling of separation without sacrificing light or headroom. And, unlike murphy beds, low-loft enclosures don't need to be assembled and disassembled on a daily basis.
Images: 1. Ronee Saroff, from Nelly & Ivailo's Brave New World, 2. HGTV


text:
Hollywood plastic surgeon dies in car accident
Frank Ryan careened off PCH minutes after tweetingDr. Frank Ryan, the Beverly Hills plastic surgeon who performed 10 plastic surgeries in one day on "The Hills" reality star Heidi Montag, died Monday after a vehicle accident on L.A.'s Pacific Coast Highway, according to celebrity website TMZ.
Ryan, whose other famous clients included Gene Simmons and Vince Neil, reportedly sustained head injuries after his Jeep plunged off the highway. He was pronounced dead at the scene.
Shortly before the fatal accident, he tweeted about having just hiked a giant sand dune near Malibu.


text:
StreetScout / SEARCH: 10609 N FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT Boulevard Scottsdale, AZ 85259
- $5,813 price
- 5751241 listing id
- Square Feet: 3,986 sqft
- Year Built: 2000
- Neighborhood: PLAZA LEYENDA WEST
- Status: Active
For Lease: Great North Scottsdale Location! Excellent Visibility and Access for Professional Offices such as Law,CPA, Medical, etc. Less than 1 mile from Scottsdale Healthcare Shea Campus. Numerous restaurants and shopping. Within 1 mile of the 101 freeway. Loads of parking avail for clients. Lease includes: 8 offices, Reception Area, Conference Room, Break room, Work Room, and huge open space to be tailored for your needs. also available Suite #100: 5460 SF Suite # 110 1630 SF
Courtesy of: HomeSmart
Office Phone: (602) 230-7600
Copyright Arizona Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc. All rights reserved. Information is deemed reliable but not guaranteed.
Updated: 10th December, 2018 2:47 PM.
10609 N FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT Boulevard Scottsdale, AZ
Streetscout Powered by Placester


text:
Life Is Easy, When You're Up On The Mountain
And You've Got Peace Of Mind
Like You've Never Known
But Then Things Change And You're Down In The Valley
Don't Lose Hope For You're Never Alone
(The McKameys, God On The Mountain)
I really don't care about Carlos Gonzalez one way or the other. In another thread I likened him to an ex girlfriend, the one I broke up with a long time ago, only to see she looks stunning in her new dress now. I have no interest in discussing whether it was a good choice to let her go back then or not, and none in finding out how she compares to other girlfriends I have had since. Not even in knowing whether her true level of beauty is closer to her image in a dress or to a not so attractive one in jeans.
What I want to understand is whether that specific dress would make any woman appear equally more attractive, or if it is possible that it favors some more than the others. To understand that, I have to understand what effect such a dress has on appearance. To understand that, I have to understand how Coors really works.
And that's what I did for the better part of the weekend. As a self proclaimed chief AN researcher and a self appointed head of AN Labs, I looked at every single pitch that was thrown in the Majors this year and tried to make sense of it all. It will not be brief, but if you engage on this journey with me, I promise to take good care of you, to show you data you will not find anywhere else and to give you more food for your thoughts. This is not your typical stats post, and I would love to see some non-stat crowd read it. If not, just jump all the way down to the summary.
The only thing I ask you is to leave your CG prejudice and/or agenda right here. This is not a story about him, he is just a perfect outlier to analyze. This is a long story made predominantly out of thin air.
What if I told you that Carlos Gonzalez' poor road performance is due to his struggles to hit a certain pitch outside of Coors? And what if I told you that that certain pitch is not a curveball and that it actually all makes sense?
Until and including August 6th, there were 474,587 pitches thrown in the MLB, with just above fifteen thousand of them pitched in Coors Field. Looking at those pitches we can tell if there is any truth to the claim that batters in general have an easier time hitting in Coors than on the sea level.
Why do the pitches move?
This is pure physics. Curveballs curve, risers rise, sinkers sink; all as the effect of the spin on the ball. In case you missed it, I recently wrote an article explaining how the spin and velocity affect the movement of the ball. If you don't want to understand the why of it, it's just as well. Take my word for it, then.
How do the pitches move?
If you are more into empirical than theoretical, than this is a better way to look at things. What you will see in the following chart is the average movement on seven most often used pitches this year – I only used the ones where Pitch F/X pitch recognition confidence was more than 90%.
FF= Four-seam Fastball; FT = Two-seam Fastball; FC = Cutter; SI = Sinker; SL = Slider; CH = Changeup; CU = Curveball or "See you, Bobby Crosby"
Important notes:
- This is from a catcher's point of view when a righthander is throwing*.
- The thick lines cross at the point where a pitch would land if it had no spin at all.
- The thin lines are two and a half inches per line grid.
- The colors represent the speed (the redder, the faster).
* I used both righthanders' and lefthanders' pitches, I just show them all as if they were thrown by righthanders.
This representation is somewhat misleading, because it centers around a point where a ball without spin would land. While it is understandable that scientists think this way, it is not how baseball players work – none of us has actually seen a 90mph fastball without a spin. Ever. Since the childhood, our eyes are conditioned towards the movement of the fastball, mostly that of a four-seam one, not only when hitting, but when throwing and catching.
So I added an eye, somewhat arbitrarily, to the point where "one would expect the ball to land". So, if you were playing catch with someone who throws the ball fairly hard, the ball would land more or less there. Now, this looks much more natural – the riser really rises, the sinker really sinks and the curveball ends there where Crosby can not molest it.
What pitches are thrown in Colorado?
Now, if there is any truth to the claim that curveball doesn't curve in Colorado, you would think that pitchers know about it, right? I mean, sabermetrics and all – if you are constantly getting killed on a non-curving curve, you will stop throwing it, I guess.
Let's look at what pitches are thrown in Majors altogether and what in Colorado.
The right table excludes the Colorado pitchers* as their personal pitch selection would account for 50% of all the pitches in Coors and could seriously skew the picture. Here is what they do:
Colorado pitchers actually throw less fastballs at home than away. Also, somewhat more sinkers at home than on the road, but it could be just that Aaron Cook or Jeff Francis had a few more starts at home. Generally, neither comparison shows anything out of the ordinary. It is interesting that Colorado pitchers throw that many sinkers – it could be that they try to sign guys who throw sinkers or it could be that Bob Apodaca can teach a good one.
But, we did not find the smoking gun we were looking for – if anything, the curveball is thrown slightly more often at Colorado. Are all these people really that stupid? Would they willfully get hammered on a lousy curveball?
*One of the fun things about projects like this is that I run across the players I don't know of. My new favorite name is Esmil "It's A Thousand" Rogers. I am eagerly awaiting the appearance of his younger brothers, Escien, Esdiez and Esuno.
What happens when a certain pitch is thrown?
First, we need a baseline. Below is an overview what happens, percentage-wise, when a Major League pitch is thrown for a strike.
Don't take these numbers as a gospel, but they do tell an interesting story. Just to make sure that nobody's confused by this representation, let's look at an example in the first column. When a four seam fastball is thrown for a strike, following happens:
On 28% of the occasions, it will be put in play. On 30% it will be taken for a strike. On another 30% it will be fouled off. And finally 12% of them will completely elude a swinging bat. On average one could say that fastballs are missed on 10% of the occasion, breaking pitches on 20% and that altogether that baseline is somewhere around 15%.
And now, let's look at what happens when those pitches are thrown in in Colorado:
One thing we can see is that somehow the font got smaller on the second graph. I love Excel.
Slightly higher miss rate on the breaking pitches and lower on the fast ones.
So, by now we know that:
- Curveballs in Colorado are not thrown any less often than elsewhere
- Curveballs in Colorado are in general not hit with significantly more success than elsewhere
Before we have a look at the whole spinning/curving effects of Colorado, let's come back to our Carlos
What does Carlos do differently on the road?
For The God On The Mountain Is Still God In The Valley
When Things Go Wrong He'll Make Them Right
And The God Of The Good Times, Is Still God Of The Bad Times
And The God Of The Day Is Still God Of The Night
Well, we all know that Carlos Gonzalez was anything but Godlike in the valley, his recent punishment of Pirates' pitchers surrogates notwithstanding.
Is he being pitched differently on the road? Does the book on him say that he can not hit a sea-level curve and is this weakness being exploited? The following overview shows which pitches CG saw at home and which away, along with the rest of Colorado hitters as a baseline.
Wow, wait a second! Carlos Gonzalez actually sees more fastballs and less curveballs on the road than at home?! Are these people completely crazy?
Apparently not, because this is what Carlos Gonzalez does when he sees a certain pitch:
Now, this is staggering and completely unexpected. Carlos does struggle away and he does that in an epic fashion, but he struggles on fastballs?! He swings and misses on 24% of fastballs on the road, which is between double and triple what the league does. Or put in different words, CG swung at more than 100 fastballs while playing away games this year. He managed to put less than a quarter of the ones he swung at in play, while the league succeeds at it more than the half of the times.
But how does this make any sense? Fastball is a fastball, regardless where, it's the curveball that performs differently in high altitude. Well, continue reading, you are in for another surprise.
How do the pitches move in Colorado?
I first analyzed all the pitches thrown in Colorado this year. Then I compared only the ones thrown by Rockies staff in Denver as opposed to those that they threw in the away games. Finally, to make sure I am not making any mistakes, I compared single Rockies' pitchers for their home/away pitch movement. The graph you will see is not correct to the decimal point, but I am very confident that it is a good representation of what happens in thin Colorado air.
The washed out ones are the movement locations of the same pitches on the sea level. The bigger the distance between the foreground and a washout mark, the bigger is the "Coors effect" on that specific pitch.
This is in line with what one could expect based on calculated models of movement. Four points can be said about this:
- Pitches move differently in Colorado
- Pitches move less in Colorado and overall dispersion is much smaller (the visible rectangle versus the washed out one). Therefor, the element of surprise due to the pitch movement is smaller.
- Fastballs lose much more movement than curveballs and sliders
- Pitches are faster in Colorado (not visible from this graph, but have a look at Ubaldo Jimenez table below)
Here you can see that there is no significant difference in how his curveball and slider behave in thin air. The fastball, on the other hand, is a completely different pitch in the mountains. It loses more than a mile per hour less on the way to the plate, but it does so at the expense of extremely reduced movement. More than three and a half inches of fastball movement, its life, are lost. It is a much flatter and a little bit faster fastball.
So, it is surprisingly the fastball that suffers the most when thrown mile high.
Why should Carlos Gonzalez be affected by it more than someone else?
If we were to categorize Carlos Gonzalez, I think that a term free-swinger with power would be the one few would oppose. Let's just briefly compare him with someone who is, well, something completely opposite:
Carlos loves to swing and when he runs into one, oh boy! Personally, I find his swing one of the nicest things there is to watch in all of Major Leagues. And make no mistake – his power is for real, even though Coors does have a 15% – 25% inflationary rate on home runs over last 4 years. He can hit them out of any park – if he can get a hold of one.
Would Daric Barton profit as much from playing in Colorado? I doubt it. He has a great eye, he reads the spin perfectly and rarely gets fooled by the pitches. Unlike with CG, Daric's problem is not to know where the pitch will end, he already knows that on a sea level – it's what to do with it once he gets a hold of it.
Or, think of it this way – you have a video game and you have two main characters in it. Barton is a 3/10 in power and 9/10 in pitch recognition. Gonzalez is 8/10 and 2/10 respectively. Coors is an upgrade of +2 in power and +5 in pitch recognition. You see what I'm getting at?
I have no time left to run correlation tests on the examples of players fitting one of the two molds and playing in Colorado and comparing their home/road split. It could be made form publicly available data, if anyone has energy to give it a go, it would be great supplement to this study and I would surely recommend it.
Summary and some thoughts
This is meant as both recapitulation and as a quick entry point for people who had neither the time nor patience to go through the whole thing. It's also that I see those things in every SI article nowadays, and I want to be cool, too.
- Different pitches move differently due to their respective spins
- Visiting pitchers throw similar pitch selection in Colorado as they do elsewehere
- Colorado pitchers throw less fastballs at home
- Fastballs are the pitches most affected by thin air, as they lose a big part of their movement, unlike breaking pitches
- Carlos Gonzalez is being pitched more fastballs on the road than at home
- He struggles with fastballs on the road, yet is successful against them at home
- His performance on breaking pitches is pretty similar home and away
This is where the results of my research end, the rest is pure speculation.
- I can see it as plausible that different hitter types are affected differently by "Coors effect".
- Coors seem to benefit more on a pitch recognition level than on a "added power" level, thus favoring free swingers with power.
- And, one last time, I don't care about quantifying it and I am not running a conclusion that Carlos is a bad player, nor that his away splits are the true level of his skill. All players have better home splits. I am open to the possibility that Coors might improve CG's home stats somewhat more than it would for a different type of a player, and if it does I could see why. Nothing more, so, please don't misquote me.


text:
SOUTHPORT Flower Show launched its official programme yesterday at Victoria Park.
Demand for the four-day event has been so high this year that organisers launched the programme a month early, so that visitors will have more time to plan their trip to the show.
Nolans singer and Loose Women star Coleen Nolan will open this year's show, which runs from August 21 to 24.
Organisers say the event, which has been one of Southport's leading tourist attractions since 1924, will have a number of themes, including 'Capital of Culture' and 'Grow Your Own Produce'.
David Jackson, chief executive of Southport Flower Show said: "I am really excited about the show this year, especially now I can see it all coming together and see all the marquees going up.
"We are looking forward to bringing all the different elements of gardening into the show, from flowers to growing your own produce.
"There is such a great atmosphere."
For show tickets visit www.southportflowershow.co.uk or call 0844 847 1555.


text:
What we do
Contract G Swiss provides bespoke luxury interior construction solutions and furnishings for high-end residential and commercial clients.
In collaboration with international architects and designers the Contract G Swiss team executes exclusive mandates of every scope and scale. They offer both custom interiors and furnishing for Commercial and Residential properties.
Utilizing the finest materials, processes and craftsmanship, Contract G Swiss distinguishes itself by creating their clients dream spaces.
Our experienced project management team and craftsmen deliver exquisite turn-key properties on time and on budget with meticulous attention to detail, outstanding customer service and aftercare…
Angelo Gasparro and his dedicated team demonstrated innovative design solutions, exceptional project management skills and outstanding customer service from inception to completion. The Contract G Swiss team has access to highly specialized craftsmen and their attention to detail is second to none; it was truly a pleasure to work with this firm.
Casa Miramonti


text:
Kristen Stewart appeared at a screening of "On The Road" in Los Angeles on Saturday, November 3, wearing an outfit by Balenciaga and shoes by Christian Louboutin. However, the "Twilight Saga" star told OTRC.com at the screening that she just wanted to take off her shoes and greet fans.
"It's so weird to look up and see 150 people - I don't know how many people are here - but it's very odd to know that ... to have certain feelings and certain, really like strong impulses validated," Stewart said during the interview. "It takes a really particular thing to do a movie and as soon as a bunch of people stand up and go, 'Yeah! I completely agree with you,' it's like having a thousand different directors or a thousand different members of the cast to go, 'Yeah, we totally feel the same way.'"
"I hate putting myself on any other different level [from fans]," she added. "I want to take my shoes off and go over and say 'Hey' to everyone. It's like, 'Yeah. Look at where we are. How cool is this?'"
Stewart appears in "On The Road" as Marylou the 16-year-old love interest of the Dean Moriarty (played by Garrett Hedlund). Sam Riley plays Sal Paradise and the film also stars Amy Adams, Kirsten Dunst, Elisabeth Moss and Viggo Mortensen. "On The Road" is adapted from the critically acclaimed beat novel of the same name by Jack Kerouac and will be released in the United States on December 21.
Stewart, now 22, said she was cast in the film at age 17 and had already read and was deeply influenced by the book it is based on.
"I read the book when I was like a freshman in high school and it's funny I ... it was my first favorite book. I felt entirely undeveloped at that point, which is a great way to feel at such a young age," she said. "I was like, 'Wow that's where I have to get? That's what I want to get to? That's an enormous jump to make.'"
"I think that characters like that give you the faith in yourself to take it [that jump] and it definitely influenced who I surround myself with," she added. "I think you should always feel pushed. You should never feel comfortable. You should be a little bit terrified all the time. Yeah."
The statement echoes something Stewart said while promoting the film at the Cannes Film Festival in May and talking to The Associated Press about shooting nude scenes for the movie.
"Obviously everyone who does scenes like that, the first thing they say is 'Oh, I felt so safe, Walter put me in an environment that was very informed by the natural story,'" Stewart told the Associated Press at Cannes. "But I loved pushing, I love scaring myself and I think to watch genuine experience on screen Is just so much more interesting than seeing you can see the tape holding up the pasties. I wanted to do it."
"On The Road" hits theaters on December 21 in the United States. Stewart will be seen on the big screen soon when "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2" hits theaters on November 16. Check out the trailer for "On The Road" and "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2" below.


text:
We're here to help you on the exciting journey of teaching in China. This website introduces Sias International University (referred to as SIAS below) and its partner schools.
SIAS is the first American-owned university in Central China, and employs over 120 foreign teachers, providing the unique opportunity to become a part of an incredible community.
Sias accepts applications throughout the year, but its main hiring season is from January to May, for placement in the Fall semester. Qualified applicants who are unable to be placed at Sias are referred to its partner schools.
Job Alerts by Academics in Asia
Be first to know about a job opening.


text:
Bring Color Into Your Knitting!
|A montage of my dull, drab, and dreary knitted
sweaters. Thanks to my sister for modeling!
"You don't get WOW by doing the expected!" —Laura Bryant
The human eye can discern more than 3 million colors, isn't that amazing?
Everyone has their own color sensibilities, and judging by the photo at left, mine appear to be very earth-tone, specifically brown, black, cream, and the odd red accent.
I think I've mentioned that my sister teases me about my favorite colors being "dull, drab, and dreary," which I don't really take exception to because I honestly love those colors! I see them as rich, deep, and calming.
Back in the 80s my mom and I got our colors done and I turned out to be an "autumn." This color palette is full of earth-tones: oranges, browns, brick-reds, and beiges. I naturally gravitate towards these colors, so I wasn't that surprised at the outcome.
But I'm feeling the need to branch out. I need some color in my life!
Getting Inspired with Color
Laura Bryant is a color expert, yarn designer, and owner of Prism Yarns. She discovered her passion for color and knitting at an early age, learning to knit in her Brownie group at age five. She continued her journey with a bachelor of fine arts from the University Michigan School of Art and never looked back. She started Prism Yarns in 1986.
Laura has a new DVD out called A Knitter's Guide to Color, and it's an amazing master class in the art of understanding and working with color.
I learned so much from my hour and a half with Laura. She starts with lessons on color value, hue, and weight—which is fascinating—and relates this color knowledge to working with yarn. It's so inspiring.
A Knitter's Guide to Color video goes far beyond color-wheel basics. Yes, orange and green are complimentary colors—but what happens when you have different color hues and weights? A pastel, minty green is complimentary to a pastel orange, but not so much to a bright, neon orange. However, a neon orange on a mint green tank top would turn heads—the colors would fight for attention. This could be a good "fight" or you might think it was too much of a mess. Laura helps you train your eye to know right away if the color combination you've chosen will work.
One of the most exciting things for me is Laura's approach to the yarn stash. She showed me how to organize my yarn stash so I could see the color palette I have at my disposal. I can now see how the colors sit in families and I can decide on color combinations based on the yarns I already have.
When I took a look through my stash, I discovered that I have sweater quantities of brown Cascade 220, gray Alpaca with a Twist Baby Twist, and cream variegated Noro Silk Garden. Clearly I need to go yarn shopping.
Here's a preview of the new DVD. It's really a special production.
I was also really inspired by Laura's lesson on how variegated yarn reacts with solid-colored yarn and nicely adds dimension to a sweater in a striping pattern. I can see a colorful sweater in my future! I'm thinking some sort of red variegated with gray and maybe a blue solid. What do you think?
I'm excited to bring COLOR to my knitwear! Get your copy of A Knitter's Guide to Color with Laura Bryant today and get inspired with me!


text:
Navratri, which is considered an especially auspicious time to honor Mother Divine and gain Her blessings for world peace, prosperity and beautiful children and for relief from afflictions of all types, including alleviation of the adverse affects of the planets, liberation from troubles, restoration of friendships and overcoming enemies. Everyone is invited to gain the blessings of Mother Divine through participation in this Shatchandi Yagya, which is understood to have powerful effects on the cosmic, global and individual levels.
"SHAT CHANDI YAGYA" for the following purpose:-
(1)- For acquiring comforts, happiness and wealth.
(2)-For removal of "state-fears"
(3)-For becoming free from debts.
(4)-For liberation from bondage.
(5)-For the welfare of the family.
(6)-To prevent all kinds of calamities and distress.
(7)-For success in all walks of life and for acquiring authority and power.
(8)-For defeating then oppositions etc.
Because you have a great chance to be the part of this Shat Chandi Maha Yagya. Don't miss this opportunity; this sort of opportunity will never come again.
Basic Package for membership is 15,000Rs.
(This is Group Yagya for members)
Special Package for Membership-1,51000Rs.
(This is Individual Yagya for one family or one Member)
To know more in details,contact 9910749369 (Acharya Mithilesh Pandey)