text:
Aspartame controversy
The artificial sweetener aspartame has been the subject of several controversies since its initial approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1974. The FDA approval of aspartame was highly contested,[1] with critics alleging that the quality of the initial research supporting its safety was inadequate and flawed, and that conflicts of interest marred the 1981 approval of aspartame.[2][3][4] In 1987, the U.S. Government Accountability Office concluded that the food additive approval process had been followed properly for aspartame.[2][5] The irregularities fueled a conspiracy theory, which the "Nancy Markle" email hoax circulated, along with claims — counter to the weight of medical evidence — that numerous health conditions (such as multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus, methanol toxicity, blindness, spasms, shooting pains, seizures, headaches, depression, anxiety, memory loss, birth defects, and death[6]) are caused by the consumption of aspartame in normal doses.[7][8][9]
Potential health risks have been examined and dismissed by numerous scientific research projects. With the exception of the risk to those with phenylketonuria, aspartame is considered to be a safe food additive by governments worldwide and major health and food safety organizations.[2][10][11][12][13][14] FDA officials describe aspartame as "one of the most thoroughly tested and studied food additives the agency has ever approved" and its safety as "clear cut."[4] The weight of existing scientific evidence indicates that aspartame is safe as a non-nutritive sweetener.[10]
The controversy over aspartame safety originated in perceived irregularities in the aspartame approval process during the 1970s and early 1980s, including allegations of a revolving door relationship between regulators and industry and claims that aspartame producer G.D. Searle had withheld and falsified safety data. In 1996, the controversy reached a wider audience with a 60 Minutes report[1] that discussed criticisms of the FDA approval process and concerns that aspartame could cause brain tumors in humans. The 60 Minutes special stated that "aspartame's approval was one of the most contested in FDA history."[1]
Around the same time, a Usenet post was widely circulated under the pen name "Nancy Markle", creating the basis for a misleading and unverifiable hoax chain letter that was spread through the Internet.[12] Numerous websites have spread the email's claims, which were not backed by scientific evidence, about safety issues purportedly linked to aspartame, including Gulf War Syndrome and lupus.[15]
U.S. FDA approval[edit]
Aspartame was originally approved for use in dry foods in 1974 by then FDA Commissioner Alexander Schmidt after review by the FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Searle had submitted 168 studies[2]:20 on aspartame, including seven animal studies that were considered crucial by the FDA.[2]:21 Soon afterwards, John Olney, a professor of psychiatry and prominent critic of MSG, along with James Turner, a public-interest lawyer and author of an anti-food-additive book, filed a petition for a public hearing, citing safety concerns.[2]:38[16]:63–4 Other criticisms presented in the 1996 60 Minutes special of the Searle studies included assertions of unreported medical treatments that may have affected the study outcomes and discrepancies in the reported data.[1] Schmidt agreed, pending an investigation into alleged improprieties in safety studies for aspartame and several drugs. In December 1975, the FDA placed a stay on the aspartame approval, preventing Searle from marketing aspartame.[2]:28 The Searle studies were criticized by the FDA commissioner as "... at best ... sloppy and suffering from "... a pattern of conduct which compromises the scientific integrity of the studies."[1]
U.S. Attorney Samuel Skinner was requested to "open a grand jury investigation into whether two of Searle's aspartame studies had been falsified or were incomplete."[17] Skinner withdrew from the case when he was considering a job offer from the law firm Sidley & Austin, Searle's Chicago-based law firm, a job he later took.[1] The investigation was delayed and eventually the statute of limitations on the charges against Searle expired[1] and a grand jury was never convened.[17]
In 1977 and 1978, an FDA task force and a panel of academic pathologists reviewed 15 aspartame studies by Searle, and concluded that, although there were major lapses in quality control, the resulting inconsistencies would not have affected the studies' conclusions.[2]:4 In 1980, a Public Board of Inquiry (PBOI) heard testimony from Olney and disagreed with his claims that aspartame could cause brain damage, including in the developing fetus.[2]:40–41 The board decided that further study was needed on a postulated connection between aspartame and brain tumors, and revoked approval of aspartame.[2]:47
In 1981, FDA Commissioner Arthur Hull Hayes sought advice on the issue from a panel of FDA scientists and a lawyer. The panel identified errors underlying the PBOI conclusion that aspartame might cause brain tumors, and presented arguments both for and against approval.[2]:53 Hayes approved the use of aspartame in dry foods. Hayes further justified his approval by citing the results of a Japanese brain tumor study,[18] the results of which, the PBOI chairman later said, would have resulted in an "unqualified approval" from the PBOI panel.[19] Several objections followed, but all were denied.[2]:13 In November 1983, about a year after approving aspartame, Hayes left the FDA and joined the public-relations firm Burson-Marsteller, Searle's public relations agency at the time, as a senior medical adviser.[5]
The actions of Samuel Skinner, in taking a job with a law firm retained by Searle during an investigation into Searle, and Arthur Hull Hayes, in taking a job with Searle's public relations agency following aspartame's approval, fueled conspiracy theories.[17]
Because of the approval controversy, Senator Howard M. Metzenbaum requested an investigation by the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) of aspartame's approval. In 1987, the GAO reported that protocol had been followed and provided a time-line of events in the approval process.[2]:13 The GAO review included a survey of scientists who had conducted safety reviews; of the 67 scientists who responded to a questionnaire, 12 had major concerns about aspartame's safety, 26 were somewhat concerned but generally confident in aspartame safety, and 29 were very confident in aspartame safety.[2]:16,76–81
Food additive safety evaluations by many countries have led to approval of aspartame, citing the general lack of adverse effects following consumption in reasonable quantities.[20] Based on government research reviews and recommendations from advisory bodies such as those listed above, aspartame has been found to be safe for human consumption by more than ninety countries worldwide.[13][14]
Alleged conflict of interest prior to 1996[edit]
In 1976, the FDA notified then-U.S. attorney for Chicago, Sam Skinner, of the ongoing investigation of Searle, and in January 1977, formally requested that a grand jury be convened. In February, 1977, Searle's law firm, Sidley & Austin offered Skinner a job and Skinner recused himself from the case.[21] Mr. Skinner's successor was in place several months later, and the statute of limitations for the alleged offenses expired in October 1977. Despite complaints and urging from DOJ in Washington, neither the interim U.S. attorney for Chicago, William Conlon, nor Skinner's successor, Thomas Sullivan, convened a grand jury.[22] In December, 1977, Sullivan ordered the case dropped for lack of evidence. A year and a half later, Conlon also was hired by Sidley & Austin.[17] Concern about conflict of interest in this case inflamed the controversy, and Senator Metzenbaum investigated in 1981 Senate Hearings.[2] In 1989, the U.S. Senate approved the nomination of Sam Skinner to be Secretary of Transportation, noting that both Sullivan and Senator Metzenbaum had concluded that Skinner had not acted improperly.[21]
Ralph G. Walton, a psychiatrist at Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, stated in a self-published 1996 analysis of aspartame research that industry-funded studies found no safety concerns while 84 of 92 independent studies did identify safety concerns.[17][23] This analysis by Walton was submitted to the television show 60 Minutes and has been extensively discussed on the Internet. An analysis of Walton's claims showed that Walton left out at least 50 peer-reviewed safety studies from his review of the literature and that most of the research he cites as non-industry funded were actually letters to the editors, case reports, review articles or book chapters rather than published studies.[24] In a rebuttal to Walton's statements, the Aspartame Information Service (a service provided by Ajinomoto, a primary producer and supplier of aspartame), reviewed the publications Walton cites as critical of aspartame, arguing that most of them do not involve aspartame or do not draw negative conclusions, are not peer-reviewed, are anecdotal, or are duplicates.[25]
Internet hoax conspiracy theory[edit]
An elaborate health scare,[7] involving a hoax conspiracy theory disseminated on many Internet websites in 1999, attributes a host of deleterious medical effects to aspartame. This theory claims that the FDA approval process of aspartame was tainted[12][26][27] and cites as its source an email based upon a supposed talk by a "Nancy Markle" (thought to be Betty Martini, who first circulated the email)[28] at a "World Environmental Conference."[12][26][29] Specifically, the hoax websites allege that aspartame is responsible for multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus, and methanol toxicity, causing "blindness, spasms, shooting pains, seizures, headaches, depression, anxiety, memory loss, birth defects" and death.[6] A proliferation of websites, many with sensationalist URLs, are filled with anecdotal claims and medical misinformation.[30] The Markle hoax and its extended argument on "aspartamekills.com" have not been supported by medical studies.[31] The email has been described as an "Internet smear campaign ... Its contents were entirely false, misleading, and defamatory to various popular products and their manufacturers, with no basis whatever in fact."[8]
The "Markle" email says that there is a conspiracy between the FDA and the producers of aspartame, and the conspiracy theory has become a canonical example discussed on several Internet conspiracy theory and urban legend websites.[12][32] Although most of the allegations of this theory contradict the bulk of medical evidence,[26] the misinformation has spread around the world as chain emails since mid-December 1998,[12] influencing many websites[32] as an urban legend that continues to scare consumers.[26] The Media Awareness Network featured one version of it in a tutorial on how to determine the credibility of a web page. The tutorial implied that the "Markle" letter was not credible and stated that it should not be used as an authoritative source of information.[6]
Dean Edell warned very strongly against the "Markle" letter:
- Beware The E-Mail Hoax: The Evils Of Nutrasweet (Aspartame)
- A highly inaccurate "chain letter" is being circulated via e-mail warning the reader of the health dangers of aspartame (Nutrasweet) diet drinks. There is so much scientific untruth in it, it's scary. Be careful, because others know how to manipulate you by this. Just because something is beyond your comprehension doesn't mean it is scientific. The e-mail is outrageous enough to state that the Multiple Sclerosis Foundation is suing the FDA for collusion with Monsanto ... Bogus, totally bogus. You've got to be careful of these Internet hoaxes. When you read health information online, be sure to know the source of the information you are reading, okay?[9]
Government action and voluntary withdrawals[edit]
In 1997, due to public concerns, the U.K. government introduced a new regulation obliging food makers who use sweeteners to state clearly next to the name of their product the phrase "with sweeteners."[33]
In 2007, the Indonesian government considered banning aspartame.[34] In the Philippines, the small political party Alliance for Rural Concerns introduced House Bill 4747 in 2008 with the aim of having aspartame banned from the food supply.[35] In the U.S. state of New Mexico a bill to ban aspartame was introduced in 2007, and subsequently rejected.[36][37] A similar 2008 Hawaiian bill stalled in committee for lack of evidence.[38][39] In March 2009, the California OEHHA identified aspartame as a chemical for consultation by its Carcinogen Identification Committee, in accordance with California state Proposition 65,[40] and it was reviewed at the November 15, 2016 meeting.[41]
In 2007, the U.K. supermarket chains Sainsbury's, M&S,[42] and Wal-Mart subsidiary Asda, announced that they would no longer use aspartame in their own label products. In April 2009, Ajinomoto Sweeteners Europe, one of the makers of aspartame in Europe, responded to Asda's "no nasties" campaign by filing a complaint of malicious falsehood against Asda in the English courts.[43][44] In July 2009, Asda initially won the legal case after the trial judge construed the "no nasties" labelling to "not mean that aspartame was potentially harmful or unhealthy."[45][46] The decision was reversed in June 2010, upon appeal,[47] and was settled in 2011 with ASDA removing references to aspartame from its packaging.[48]
In 2009, the South African retailer Woolworths announced it was removing aspartame-containing foods from its own-brand range.[49]
In 2010, the British Food Standards Agency funded a clinical study of people who claimed to experience side-effects after consuming aspartame.[50] The double blind controlled study has been concluded and found no evidence of safety issues or side effects even amongst those volunteers who had previously claimed sensitivity. The FSA's Committee on Toxicity evaluated the results at its meeting in October 2013, and determined that "the results presented did not indicate any need for action to protect the health of the public."[51]
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) commenced a re-evaluation of aspartame as part of the systematic re-evaluation of all food additives authorised in the EU prior to 20 January 2009. In May 2011, EFSA was asked by the European Commission to bring forward the full re-evaluation of the safety of aspartame (E 951), which was previously planned for completion by 2020.[52] In September 2011, the EFSA made all 600 datasets it is using in its full re-evaluation available publicly. This includes previously unpublished scientific data, "including the 112 original studies on aspartame which were submitted to support the request for authorisation of aspartame in Europe in the early 1980s."[53][54][55] On January 8, 2013, the EFSA released its draft report, which found that aspartame and its metabolites "pose no toxicity concern for consumers at current levels of exposure. The current Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) is considered to be safe for the general population and consumer exposure to aspartame is below this ADI."[52][56]
Ramazzini studies[edit]
The Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center of the European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences has released several studies which claim that aspartame can increase several malignancies in rodents, concluding that aspartame is a potential carcinogen at normal dietary doses.[10][57][58] Although thirteen occupational safety and health experts signed an open letter from CSPI to the FDA expressing that the 2007 ERF study merited a reevaluation of aspartame's safety in humans,[59][60] these studies have been widely criticized and discounted by the FDA and other food safety agencies.
After reviewing the foundation's claims, the EFSA[61] and the FDA[62] discounted the study results and found no reason to revise their previously established acceptable daily intake levels for aspartame. Reported flaws were numerous and included, but were not limited to, the following: comparing cancer rates of older aspartame-consuming rats to younger control rats; unspecified composition of the "Corticella" diet and method of adding aspartame, leading to possible nutritional deficiencies; unspecified aspartame storage conditions; lack of animal randomization; overcrowding and a high incidence of possibly carcinogenic infections; and the U.S. National Toxicology Program's finding that the ERF had misdiagnosed hyperplasias as malignancies.[10] Reviews by the FDA and EFSA were hampered by the refusal of the Ramazzini Foundation to release all data and pathology slides, but from the materials received, the FDA[62] and EFSA[63] found that the data did not support the researcher's published conclusions. Evaluation of this research by Health Canada[64] and the British government's Committee on Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment[65] likewise found methodological problems with the research and did not recommend any further reconsideration of the recommended intake of aspartame in their respective countries.
A review of the literature concurred with these evaluations, finding many possible flaws in the study's design and conclusions. These conclusions are also contradicted by other carcinogenicity studies which found no significant danger. This review therefore concluded this research did not constitute credible evidence for the carcinogenicity of aspartame.[10] Another review criticized the Ramazzini Foundation for relying on "science by press conference" with its release of results through the media before being published in a proper peer-reviewed journal, thus helping fuel the controversy and publicity about the study in the media.[66]
Another carcinogenicity study in rodents published by this foundation in 2010 was evaluated by the EFSA and was found to have multiple significant design flaws and could not be interpreted. The EFSA therefore concluded this study did not provide enough evidence to reconsider previous evaluation of aspartame safety.[67]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g "How Sweet Is It?". 60 Minutes. December 29, 1996.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Food Additive Approval Process Followed for Aspartame". Food Additive Approval Process Followed for Aspartame GAO/HRD-87-46 (PDF). United States General Accounting Office. June 18, 1987.
- ^ Sugarman, Carole (1983-07-03). "Controversy Surrounds Sweetener". Washington Post. pp. D1–2. Retrieved 2008-11-25.
- ^ a b Henkel, John (1999). "Sugar Substitutes: Americans Opt for Sweetness and Lite". FDA Consumer Magazine. 33 (6): 12–6. PMID 10628311. Archived from the original on January 2, 2007.
- ^ a b "Six Former HHS Employees' Involvement in Aspartame's Approval GAO/HRD-86-109BR" (PDF). United States General Accounting Office. July 1986.
- ^ a b c "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-12-13. Retrieved 2014-12-12. – An exercise in deconstructing a web page to determine its credibility as a source of information, using the aspartame controversy as the example. Media Awareness Network.
- ^ a b Flaherty, Megan (April 12, 1999). "Harvesting Kidneys and other Urban Legends". NurseWeek. Archived from the original on 2012-08-22. Retrieved March 7, 2013.[dead link]
- ^ a b Newton, Michael (2004). The encyclopedia of high-tech crime and crime-fighting. Infobase Publishing. pp. 25–27. ISBN 0-8160-4979-3.
- ^ a b Dean Edell, "Beware The E-Mail Hoax: The Evils Of Nutrasweet (Aspartame)", HealthCentral December 18, 1998
- ^ a b c d e Magnuson, B. A.; Burdock, G. A.; Doull, J.; Kroes, R. M.; Marsh, G. M.; Pariza, M. W.; Spencer, P. S.; Waddell, W. J.; Walker, R. (2007). "Aspartame: A Safety Evaluation Based on Current Use Levels, Regulations, and Toxicological and Epidemiological Studies". Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 37 (8): 629–727. doi:10.1080/10408440701516184. PMID 17828671.
- ^ Butchko, HH; Stargel, WW; Comer, CP; Mayhew, DA; Benninger, C; Blackburn, GL; de Sonneville, LM; Geha, RS; Hertelendy, Z; Koestner, A; Leon, AS; Liepa, GU; McMartin, KE; Mendenhall, CL; Munro, IC; Novotny, EJ; Renwick, AG; Schiffman, SS; Schomer, DL; Shaywitz, BA; Spiers, PA; Tephly, TR; Thomas, JA; Trefz, FK (2002). "Aspartame: review of safety". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 35 (2 Pt 2): S1–93. doi:10.1006/rtph.2002.1542. PMID 12180494.
- ^ a b c d e f "Aspartame Warning". About.com. – the Nancy Markle chain email.
- ^ a b "Aspartame". Sugar Substitutes. Health Canada. Archived from the original on October 9, 2008. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ a b "Food Standards Australia New Zealand: Aspartame". Food Standards Australia New Zealand. September 8, 2011. Archived from the original on September 2, 2011. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
- ^ "Should You Sour on Aspartame?". Tufts University Health and Nutrition Letter. Archived from the original on December 24, 2010. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
- ^ Cockburn A. (2007). Rumsfeld: His Rise, Fall, and Catastrophic Legacy. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4165-3574-4.
- ^ a b c d e "The Lowdown on Sweet?" The New York Times, February 12, 2006
- ^ Hiroyuki, I (1981). "Incidence of brain tumors in rats fed aspartame". Toxicology Letters. 7 (6): 433–7. doi:10.1016/0378-4274(81)90089-8. PMID 7245229.
- ^ FDA Statement on Aspartame, November 18, 1996
- ^ "Aspartame – what it is and why it's used in our food". Food Standards Australia New Zealand. Archived from the original on 2008-12-16. Retrieved 2008-12-09.
- ^ a b "DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION". Congressional Record 101st congress 1st session. 135 (8): s832. January 31, 1989.
- ^ Andy Pasztor; Joe Davidson (February 7, 1986). "Two Ex-U.S. Prosecutors' Roles in Case Against Searle Are Questioned in Probe". Wall Street Journal.
- ^ "Safety of artificial sweetener called into question by MP" The Guardian, December 15, 2005
- ^ Kotsonis, Frank; Mackey, Maureen (2002). Nutritional toxicology (2nd ed.). p. 299. ISBN 0-203-36144-X.
- ^ "Aspartame Information replies to the New York Times". Aspartame Information Service. 2006-02-16. Archived from the original on 2013-04-12.
- ^ a b c d the University of Hawaii. "Falsifications and Facts about Aspartame – An analysis of the origins of aspartame disinformation" (PDF).
- ^ "A Web of Deceit". TIME. 1999-02-08. Archived from the original on January 29, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-19.
In this and similar cases, all the Nancy Markles of the world have to do to fabricate a health rumor is post it in some Usenet news groups and let ordinary folks, who may already distrust artificial products, forward it to all their friends and e-mail pals.
- ^ Martini, Betty. "Aspartame Warning". About.com. Retrieved December 28, 2014.
- ^ Examining the Safety of Aspartame Archived 2010-11-29 at the Wayback Machine., Multiple Sclerosis Foundation
- ^ Zehetner, Anthony; McLean, Mark (1999). "Aspartame and the inter net". The Lancet. 354 (9172): 78. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75350-2.
- ^ Condor, Bob (April 11, 1999). "Aspartame debate raises questions of nutrition". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
- ^ a b Kiss My Aspartame. False. Snopes.com, David G. Hattan,David Hattan, LinkedIn Acting Director, Division of Health Effects Evaluation, 8 June 2015
- ^ "Sweeteners, sweeteners everywhere". BBC. October 16, 1998. Archived from the original on May 17, 2000.
- ^ Patton, Dominique (January 9, 2007). "Indonesia consults on aspartame, sweetener use in food". AP-Foodtechnology.com. Retrieved August 23, 2012.
- ^ "Lawmaker wants artificial sweeteners banned". SunStar (Philippines). September 4, 2004. Archived from the original on November 22, 2008.
- ^ "House bill 391: Relating to food; Banning the use of the artificial sweetener Aspartame in food products". State of New Mexico Legislature. 2007.
- ^ "New Mexico – Bill Introduced to Ban Aspartame in Foods". American Bakers Association. 2007. Archived from the original on 2009-01-13.
- ^ Jones, Chris (February 21, 2008). "Hawaiian aspartame ban stalls on lack of science". FOODNavigator.com. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
- ^ HB2680, 2008 Archives, Hawaii State Legislature, 2008, archived from the original on 7 November 2012, retrieved August 18, 2012
- ^ "Prioritization: Chemicals for Consultation by the Carcinogen Identification Committee" (Press release). California EPA Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. March 5, 2009.
- ^ Meeting Synopsis and Slide Presentations from the Carcinogen Identification Committee Meeting Held on November 15, 2016, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, January 6, 2017, retrieved 2017-09-29
- ^ "M&S and Asda to axe E-numbers". The Daily Telegraph. London. May 17, 2007. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
- ^ "Ajinomoto Sweeteners Europe SAS vs. Asda Stores Limited".
- ^ "Ajinomoto to Sue Asda over Aspartame Slur". FLEXNEWS. May 7, 2009. Archived from the original on December 7, 2008.
- ^ Published on Thursday 16 July 2009 10:00 (2009-07-16). "Sweet court victory for Asda – Top Stories". Yorkshire Evening Post. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
- ^ "Asda claims victory in aspartame 'nasty' case". Foodnavigator.com. Retrieved 2013-04-02.
- ^ "FoodBev.com". foodbev.com. Retrieved 2010-06-23.
- ^ Bouckley, Ben (May 18, 2011). "Asda settles 'nasty' aspartame legal battle with Ajinomoto". FOODNavigator.com. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
- ^ "Woolies ousts aspartame in own foods". July 2, 2009. Archived from the original on 27 January 2017.
- ^ FSA Determining reactions to aspartame in subjects who have reported symptoms in the past compared to controls: a pilot double blind crossover study Last updated on 17 February 2010
- ^ FSA Committee on Toxicity. [Position Paper on a Double Blind Randomized Crossover Study of Aspartame Archived March 1, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b EFSA Press Release January 8, 2013
- ^ "EFSA Call: Call for scientific data on Aspartame (E 951)". efsa.europa.eu. 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
- ^ "EFSA makes aspartame studies available". Food Navigator. 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2011.
- ^ "EFSA delay Aspartame review findings until 2013". foodnavigator.com. August 8, 2012. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
- ^ "EU launches public consultation on sweetener aspartame". AFP. January 8, 2013. Retrieved January 30, 2013.
- ^ Soffritti, M.; Belpoggi, F.; Esposti, D.D.; Lambertini, L.; Tibaldi, E.; Rigano, A. (2006). "First Experimental Demonstration of the Multipotential Carcinogenic Effects of Aspartame Administered in the Feed to Sprague-Dawley Rats". Environ Health Perspect. 114 (3): 379–385. doi:10.1289/ehp.8711. PMC 1392232. PMID 16507461.
- ^ Soffritti, M.; Belpoggi, F.; Tibaldi, E.; Esposti, D.D.; Lauriola, M. (2007). "Life-span exposure to low doses of aspartame beginning during prenatal life increases cancer effects in rats". Environ Health Perspect. 115 (9): 1293–1297. doi:10.1289/ehp.10271. PMC 1964906. PMID 17805418.
- ^ Abdo, KM; Camargo Jr, CA; Davis, D; Egilman, D; Epstein, SS; Froines, J; Hattis, D; Hooper, K; Huff, J (2007). "Letter to U.S. FDA commissioner. Questions about the safety of the artificial sweetener aspartame". International journal of occupational and environmental health. 13 (4): 449–50. PMID 18085059.
- ^ Couzin, J. (2007). "Souring on Fake Sugar". Science. 317 (5834): 29c. doi:10.1126/science.317.5834.29c.
- ^ Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (2006). "Opinion of the Scientific Panel on food additives, flavourings, processing aids and materials in contact with food (AFC) related to a new long-term carcinogenicity study on aspartame". The EFSA Journal. 356: 1–44. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2006.356.
- ^ a b "US FDA/CFSAN – FDA Statement on European Aspartame Study". Archived from the original on September 23, 2010. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
- ^ Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (2009). "Updated opinion on a request from the European Commission related to the 2nd ERF carcinogenicity study on aspartame, taking into consideration study data submitted by the Ramazzini Foundation in February 2009". The EFSA Journal. 1015: 1–18. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1015.
- ^ "Health Canada Comments on the Recent Study Relating to the Safety of Aspartame". Health Canada. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
- ^ "Statement on a Carcinogenicity Study of Aspartame by the European Ramazzini Foundation" (PDF). Committee on Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment. Retrieved February 28, 2011.
- ^ Lofstedt, Ragnar E (2008). "Risk Communication, Media Amplification and the Aspartame Scare". Risk Management. 10: 257–84. doi:10.1057/rm.2008.11.
- ^ "EFSA reviews two publications on the safety of artificial sweeteners". EFSA. Retrieved February 28, 2011.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
ProSieben ready to force Telegraaf's hand
Shareholders set to force acquisition of voting sharesCOLOGNE, Germany -- The controlling shareholders in pan-European broadcaster ProSiebenSat.1 are expected to exercise a put option that will force Dutch group Telegraaf Media to acquire 12% of ProSieben's voting shares and 6% of the company's equity capital.
Telegraaf has said it won't exercise a call option to buy the stake for about $51 a share, more than 3 1/2 times ProSieben's current share price.
The call option is part of Telegraaf's 433 million euro deal, signed last year, to sell ProSieben Telegraaf's 20% stake in SBS Broadcasting. That deal was part of ProSieben's 3.5 billion euro SBS buyout.
ProSiebenSat.1 now has the option to exercise a put, compelling Telegraaf to buy the 12% stake for up to 28.71 euros ($45) a share. Telegraaf said that would mean a 51 million euro ($80 million) savings over using the call option, but it is still a 320% mark-up on ProSieben's current share price of 8.95 euros ($14.10).


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It was in an SBS documentary about the vibrator where I first came across the story that said device was invented in the Victorian era in order to spare doctors the drudgery of administering a widespread cure for "hysteria" manually. This led to occasional jokey remarks on my part re the Victorian age: when orgasm for a middle-class woman was a medical procedure.
As I should have guessed, this notion, largely taken from Rachel Maines' The Technology of Orgasm, seems to be a tad dubious, although that won't be stopping Hollywood making a film about it. (Starring Maggie Gyllenhaal. Surprised? No, neither am I.) Mind Hacks reveals the sad news and links to the relevant part of Victorian Sex Factoids that discusses the (probable) myth.
- Ideas about and treatment of hysteria that form the basis for the argument are based on outdated secondary literature, leading to misreadings...
- There was enormously pervasive horror around masturbation in Victorian Britain ... masturbation in women was still seen as either causative of or symptomatic of some kind of pathology, physical, mental, or moral.
- This is borne out by diatribes against contraception as 'Conjugal Onanism', which claimed that sexual stimulation of women without its culmination in (at least potentially) reproductive marital sex led to all sorts of ailments, including 'Malthusian uterus'.
As I'm one of those "to the living we owe respect, but to the dead we owe only the truth" tossers, here's Stephen Wright at Overland:
Our iPhones were made by real children. Really. Real children. Another human being really committed suicide because they couldn't tolerate another day making our fucking iPods. And so on. If I can look at my Apple product and not think 'Someone really suffered to make this' that's because the Apple product itself has eclipsed the thought of the other in my mind; iPod, slave child - iPod wins every time.
The American actor Mike Daisey recently toured Australia with his show The Agony and Ecstasy of Steve Jobs. Daisey, a long-time Apple geek, visited the Foxconn complex disguised as a US businessman, fake business cards and all...
Daisey points out that it was Apple's choice to use Foxconn. Until the 90s Apple products were made in California. He also points out that the labour costs make up only a small part of the price of an Apple product. The production of Apple products by slaves isn't part of the natural order.
Apple, like the vast majority of the electronics industry, skirts labor laws by subcontracting all its manufacturing to companies like Foxconn, a firm made infamous for suicides at its plants, a worker dying after working a 34-hour shift, widespread beatings, and a willingness to do whatever it takes to meet high quotas set by tech companies like Apple.
I have traveled to southern China and interviewed workers employed in the production of electronics. I spoke with a man whose right hand was permanently curled into a claw from being smashed in a metal press at Foxconn, where he worked assembling Apple laptops and iPads. I showed him my iPad, and he gasped because he'd never seen one turned on. He stroked the screen and marveled at the icons sliding back and forth, the Apple attention to detail in every pixel. He told my translator, "It's a kind of magic."
'Haussmannization' – the mid-19th-century programme of urban renewal in Paris named after the prefect in charge of it, Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann – was specifically aimed at making it difficult or impossible for protestors or revolutionaries to take streets via the barricade. If alleys and small streets were difficult for armies to navigate, wide avenues were seen as unblockable, as well as conducive to the rapid transfer of troops or police around Paris. Haussmannization was translated for more than 100 years into other places around the world, from modernized megacities to US university campuses in the wake of the 1960s protests.
Recent events in London seem to demonstrate that, due to various technological and ideological shifts, the days of the Haussmannized city street as a deterrent to protest are numbered. Barricades have given way to flash mobs, the targets have shifted toward the emporiums of consumerism, and the cat-and-mouse battles between the police and those who resist them take place nearly as often online as in the physical places of the city.


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From FamilySearch Wiki
We need your help!
We need your help!
|FamilySearch is in need of people to help with our articles. There are over 70,000 but many are stubs. A large number of our links go to pages that do not exist. If you can help develope the stubs pages or can add material to pages that have been created but are blank, FamilySearch would love your help. Most of these pages just need someone to go in and do some research on the title and then add what they find. FamilySearch Wiki has great need for translators into the 10 languages that exist in the FamilySearch Wiki Here is a list of articles that need your attention:


text: Recently I was informed by my doctor that I'm negative blood type and that I needed to eliminate certain foods out my diet. Now everyone who knows me know I am a pretty healthy eater. I've tried the vegan lifestyle, enjoyed it but it wasn't for me and vegetarian as well but I love fish tooo much! Sadly my doctor told me I had to eliminate the fish part and only consume veggies, fruits and whatever else that would provide me protein. Well above there is a piece of fish in the picture of course, tuna steak to be exact! Now I've been eating salads for lunch for two weeks straight with fish, trying to be on this weight loss journey and become more healthier. Needless to say I am miserable lol salads are starting to taste like grass and after my workouts I'm always extremely hungry. I enjoy being a pescatarian and I dread the idea of not eating fish anymore. I gained more weight attempting to be a vegan/vegetarian than I have eating fish. Taking any supplement or pill is against everything I stand for, so the idea of taking a b12 supplement isn't an option for me especially when I can eat fish. I can say my diet is weird, I don't like eggs, milk (unless its almond milk), and certain cheese. Guess I'm all over the place! Still trying to figure things out, but If you're reading this post and have any suggestions to make the journey less hectic please don't hesitate to comment.


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opensource resources still hackin', bruteforge, OpenCL, PS3 and many SHA1 rounds...
Tuesday, December 27, 2011
blackhole: added sha1_process variants
. removing old hashfile
. counting records in database
. listing computed pmk grepping the correct one
. exporting to a new cowpatty_hashfile
. run cowpatty attack over test libpcap capture file
cutted out cl computation, I've implemented a different vectorized sha1_process (I've two now).
results of this variant are poorly the same as first one on a 8400GS (need to check on the spus: they're the vector units).
this one needs more _private space to compute (need to stage some on _local), but I can set a larger NDRange.
thinking to write something about on Google Docs (need time).
good computation, good output.
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Our vision at Maywood Fine Arts is for every child to grow and thrive through the arts. The mission of Maywood Fine Arts is to offer quality affordable arts and fitness education to enrich the lives of children and their families in Maywood and surrounding communities.
We offer Tap, Ballet, Jazz, Tumbling, Art, Piano, Guitar, Drums, Voice, and Drama lessons.
With our app, you can view your class schedules, pay your bill, and register for activities right from your mobile device.


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CAW Rallies Members in Oshawa for Federal Election
September 23, 2008, 3:14 PM EST
CAW President Ken Lewenza will be making his first visit to Oshawa as the union's national president for a CAW membership election rally on Wednesday, September 24.
Lewenza will lay out the union's position of strategic voting to defeat the Harper Conservatives, as endorsed by the CAW's Council, the parliament of the union.
"Stopping a Stephen Harper majority is one of the most important challenges Canadian unions and progressives have ever faced," said Lewenza.
The CAW is endorsing former CAW Local 222 President and NDP candidate Mike Shields in the Oshawa riding. The seat is currently held by Conservative MP Colin Carrie, who has been accused by GM workers of abandoning his constituents during the announcement of the Oshawa truck plant closure in June.
In the neighbouring ridings of Durham and Whitby-Oshawa, the CAW is endorsing an 'ABC' voting strategy (Anyone But Conservative), with the goal of preventing a Conservative majority government. In particular, the union is urging members to ensure Finance Minister Jim Flaherty does not get re-elected to office.
On the list of speakers at Wednesday's election membership rally will be CAW President Ken Lewenza, Mike Shields and CAW Local 222 President Chris Buckley. The meeting is part of a leadership election tour by Lewenza to various communities across Ontario over the next two weeks.
Wednesday, September 24, 2008 at 7 p.m.
CAW Local 222 Hall - 1425 Phillip Murray Avenue
Oshawa, Ontario
Media are welcome.


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Washing your air ducts in your home is vitally necessary, as the dirt remaining there is not only an annoyance but can also be dangerous to your health. It can cause obstacles such as asthma and respiratory diseases and can start to colds and sinus diseases. You can navigate here http://www.southdowns.eu.com/ to know the effects on your home or office air quality.
To check these major health obstacles you should reconsider having your ducts washed at least once a year if not once in the season and again in the fall to assure that you are not settling dust and irritants everywhere your homes.
As the state-of-the-atmosphere and outside air quality of our planet is just a supply of medical issues and developing a cultural problem, we often disregard the air we breathe 90% of our existence, that will be our air. The important thing to some healthful existence would be, to begin with, capable clean and healthful air. This will be considered a fundamental problem in sustaining the healthiness of our environment and so, air-duct cleaning within our houses or practices should be thought about an important step.
Are you aware that:
* 9 out of AC methods and 10 heat dysfunction and crash due to dirt and soil?
Well, and * Clear -managed methods imply SAVINGS on regular bills?
* Effective methods need substitutes or no expensive repairs?
* Contaminated indoor air intensify or may cause 50% of ailments?
Practices and your houses might be creating us ill! Interior air-quality includes a primary effect on our health. If you should be viewing lots of dirt and air-borne substances within the atmosphere (search around for your ports and find out inside – would you discover lots of accumulation?). To know more details about air quality consultant you can see here..
Maintain your ports coated and well-protected if you should be preparing any remodeling tasks that include dirt (drywall repairs, artwork, sanding, etc).
Having your ductwork appropriately cleaned and maintained may be the first significant step. Cleaning should be contained in our standard cleanup/preservation strategy.


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Westinghouse Brings Value To 4K Ultra HD TVs
LAS VEGAS – Westinghouse Digital is stepping up the 4K Ultra High Definition plate at International CES in big way by unveiling edge-lit LCD models in the 50-, 55- and 60-inch screen sizes. It's also showcasing a 110-inch 4K behemoth.
Rey Roque, Westinghouse Digital's marketing senior VP, said that just as the company brought high-resolution value to the first 1080p HD sets, it is now poised to bring value to Ultra HD.
Unlike the currently available $20,000-plus 84-inch Ultra HD sets from LG and Sony, Westinghouse is going to offer its sets starting in the first quarter at the bargain suggested retail prices of $2,499 for the 50-inch set, $3,000 for the 55-inch set and $3,995 for the 65-inch set.
The 110-inch model will be available only by custom order.
But unlike Sony and LG, Westinghouse's models will be barebones displays with no on-board Smart TV features and no elaborate 4K up-conversion video processing technology.
Instead, Roque said, Westinghouse expects viewers to use the 4K video processing converters that come built into select Blu-ray Disc players, A/V receivers and other devices to handle that load. To present pictures from regular sources, the sets will have only simple 4K up-scaling circuitry and 120Hz refresh rates.
Ultra High-Definition TVs offer up to four times the resolution (3,840-by-2,160 pixels) of today's 1080p sets, when viewing currently scarce native 4K UHD produced content.
In other news Westinghouse Digital is introducing its next generation of Roku Ready LED TVs. Select 1080p LED models will include the Mobile High Definition Link (MHL) technology in on HDMI port to allow users to plug in a Roku Streaming Stick. That is a flash-drive-sized device that carries software for the Roku interface platform as well as WiFi reception. Viewers plug the StreamingStick into one of the MHL-compatible TVs to connect to Roku content over an available WiFi network.
In addition to the 60-inch IPTVs, Westinghouse Digital is also showing at its suite in the LVH here, a full line of edge-lit LED TVs for 2013. The new models range from 28 to 60 inches.


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Can I tell you a story?
I'm one of those folks who can't talk without using a story to get my point across. I'm also one of those folks who gets invited to speak at a lot of different kinds of conferences. Not because I'm the smartest guy in the room, but because people like hearing my stories.
And the simple truth is that you can do exactly what I do. Whether you're speaking formally at work, presenting at conferences, or hanging out with friends on the weekend, developing your storytelling skills are a must.
Who is it for?
If you're pretty good at telling stories but you want to add a few more tools into your tool belt, then this course is for you.
But if you're new to speaking to people – whether it's formal presentation or informal presentations in meetings – this course is also for you.
Basically, regardless of whether you're speaking in the bar, boardroom, or ballroom – these lessons will help you.
What will I learn?
You'll learn how to tell stories better, and how to tell better stories.
And those are two different things.
- Story selection and creation will help you tell better stories
- Preparation and delivery will help you tell stories better
My lessons (you can see the list below) will give you everything you need to pick the best stories, shape them so that they're the most memorable, and deliver them in a way that gets you the respect of your peers.
Is there homework? How is this set up?
Go at your own pace and move thru all the lessons as you have time (or binge watch them all).
- There are no quizzes
- There is no homework
- Each video lesson lasts between 1-5 minutes
And you can come back to the material over and over to watch only those lessons you need. There's no rush, no stopwatch that will limit how much time you have access to the material.
The Course Outline
The course outline below shows you all the material I cover in this course.
Chapter One: Truths
- Everyone can tell stories
- Wrap your facts in stories
- It doesn't have to be your story
- Keep a story log
- Every part must be essential
- Know the narrative
Chapter Two: Content Creation / Story Selection
- Start with your story's purpose.
- Anchor your story in truth
- Have a beginning, middle & end
- Put goals in the beginning…
- Include sensory details
- Include emotional details
- Include reaction details
- Include your inner thoughts
- Add dialogue
- Establish a baseline
- Slow down on the turning points
- Dig into the decision points
- Shape your structure strategically
- Set hooks throughout your story
- Put yourself in the story
- Use repetition
- Share a postscript
- Choose your ending wisely
Chapter Three: Preparation
- Play the silent movie in your head
- Determine how deep to share
- Plan carefully
- Practice with people and alone
Chapter Four: Delivery
- Keep beginning and end short
- Observe your audience and adjust as needed
- Take breaths in between sections of your story
- Pay attention to pacing
- Leverage your movement
- Manage your voice's volume
- Ask questions (not for knowledge but for association)
- Use images to get your laughs
- Don't get distracted by detours
- Laugh at yourself when needed
- Limit the use of notes
- Stop talking at the end, don't ramble
- Wrap up after the Q&A
- Revisit your hook, end with a good last line
This course is not for sale right now.


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From the time that I was 5 years old, I knew who and who and what I was going to be. I had no idea how it was going to happen, I just knew that I was clear on what I wanted the career part of my life to look like. Like most kids, I was gradually educated out of my true self, and my dreams started to look far off. They even started to sound a little ridiculous to me. I still held true to my goals, but they were silently sought after. I only shared my thoughts with very close, well-trusted friends, and even then, I shielded some details from them.
Most of the people around me, similar to the rest of the world, only believed that my dream could come true if I were lucky enough to have someone else to come and swoop me up in a contest or to discover me (in Indianapolis, IN) singing at church somehow. So, I had to fly under the radar, searching for ways to make my dream work on my own.
When I started working, I only ever worked long enough to get the musical equipment that I needed to improve my talents. Then, I would quit, and get to work on my dream. I never considered working long-term for anyone else. I always looked at having a job as a means to fund my dream. My 9 to 5 was my side hustle, in a way, helping me to build my real career. More people should do the same.
You know the people I'm talking about. They hate Mondays, wish for longer weekends, and they absolutely hate their jobs. Those people need a shift in perspective. They should start to view their 9 to 5s as a way to fund what they really want to do, until they can finally fire their bosses. I recently wrote an article talking about another way to view your job. Once we understand the end goal, we can proceed with better attitudes through what we are currently doing.
My 9 to 5 was always my side hustle, because I couldn't imagine a life of punching a clock. In fact, once my business has grown to the point where I am purchasing office space and hiring employees, I have no intentions of setting sick days, vacation days, etc. I plan to allow my employees to live their lives. They will enjoy their work, and if they don't, they don't belong with my company. We don't need set times to be at work, when we enjoy our work. We don't need a limited number of sick or vacation days, when we enjoy our work. I get up every morning and get straight to work. I check off things on my to-do list, daily. I absolutely love what I do. No one has to tell me to get to work or to limit my break times, etc.
When you love what you do, you will do it with no encouragement. You will be proactive. That's the kind of team that I will build for myself. A fulfilling life is one where you spend the majority of your time doing what you want and need simultaneously. My business has grown immensely, over this last year. I started this site in December of 2015. It has gone through so many changes, but it has all been worth it. I have gained clients, built products, grown my readership, etc. That only happened, because I have been dedicated to working and building something that means a lot to me.
Now my 9 t0 5 (or more accurately, my 24/7 lol) is something that belongs to me, something that I love and enjoy doing daily. If you want to be coached on how to use your 9 t0 5 as a side hustle to build your real career, contact me.


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Contents tagged with ASP .Net lifecycle
ASP .Net LifeCycle
Hello everybody,
today I want to write few words about ASP .Net lifecycle.
Actually just sequence of events.
Begin Request
Resolve request cache
Map request handler
Acquire request state
Request handler execute
Update request cache
Log request
End request
Here are the 8 main steps of ASP .Net lifecycle. MVC controllers are processed in step 5, RequestHandlerExecute more


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Guitar Manbykandie©
They are a couple living in mid-western Tennessee. Her name is Kandy, she is 54. His name is John and he is 57. They are married and although they have a great sex life, they are interested in meeting couples, men and women for some adult fun. They want people who can go out with them on outings during the day with sexy interludes in the evening.
Kandy is what you might consider a full figured woman standing at only five foot five. Her round face has a cute button nose, lips the color of roses, and seductive green eyes hidden behind glasses. Framing her face is shoulder length sassy red hair. Which only adds to her sensuality.
Kandy, is new to the world of swinging and although straight, considers herself bi-curious. She wants to experience women as well as men. Adding that her hubby does not go anywhere without her and vice-versa. She also has a thing for men older then her. In her opinion men who are her age often carried too much emotional baggage. And those younger were too hung up on themselves and immature.
John is a large man with an equally large appetite for sex. He is extremely handsome with brown eyes and salt and pepper colored hair. He has a fair completion, a firm chin, high cheek bones, and a prominent nose, which gives him the appearance of being native American Indian. He has big hands that are gentle enough to cup Kandy's 42 D's, but firm enough to drive her desire to heights she has never seen before.
He introduced Kandy into the world of swinging when they first started dating. He has experienced sex one on one, threesomes, and a couple of foursomes. With this type of relationship, the possibilities are many. All of which should be pleasurable.
The two of them have joined some swinging sites as well as adult fun sites online. It was on one of the sites they received an email from an older man called James.
Meet James, he is about 65 yrs old, has gray hair, wide rimmed glasses and a sexy smile. He has a very mundane sexy life and is interested in spicing it up with one-on-one, MFM, FMF, sexual relationships. He also loves to chat and cyber as well as sending hot cum filled emails.
James also likes to teach and play the guitar. He likes to go fishing, to the movies, or just sitting out by the lake watching the sunset. He is looking for friends who he can talk to and just become acquainted with, because there is more to life than just sex.
So the three of them started emailing each other and chatting online. They soon discovered that the they had many things in common. So the next step was for them to meet for coffee and see if there is any chemistry between them and go from there.
Kandy however noticed that there may be a spark between them already. A spark that she cannot wait to turn into a burning flame of desire and wild sex! Because when she chats with James, her nipples harden, her clit throbs with anticipation, and a million sexy scenarios run through her head.
One day, James emailed Kandy his cell phone number saying that he could not wait to talk with her and John.
When Kandy read the email she went immediately into the living room and told John and said, "Oh honey, I cannot wait to hear if he sounds as sexy as he looks."
John replied, "Well, we have to go over that way today, why don't you give him a call then?"
Kandy could hardly wait to dial his number. When she did a deep sexy voiced answered and said, "Hello!"
Kandy replied, "Hello James, this is Kandy!"
James then said, "Well hello sexy! It's nice to hear from you. How are you all doing?"
Kandy looked over at John, then gave him a wink and replied, "James, we are doing okay. Hey, John and I are on our way toward your fair city. We were wondering what would be a good time to come have that coffee with you."
James gave out a sigh and said, "I wish it could be today, but I am all tied up with family matters right now and we will have to postpone things for a week."
Kandy then said, "That's okay, I just wanted to call you and give you our cell phone number. John wanted to say hello, but he is driving and I prefer he keeps both hands on the wheel. I don't want you to worry about anything right now, there will be a time and place for us to meet. You take care baby, Goodbye."
She turned to John and said, "Oh-my god, James sounds so sexy on the phone, I cannot wait to meet him! Just the thought of him eating my hot-box sends quivers that go clear up my spine!"
John winked at Kandy and said, "Honey, I am glad you find him sexy because I cannot wait to see you sucking my cock while he slides his, into your hot wet pussy!"
Kandy blushed a little and said, "Ooooh I know, the three of us could have one hell of a hot fuck session. Now we had better change the subject as my panties are already drenched. Otherwise, I might have to take matters into my own hands and cum right here in the truck.
So the two of them went about running their errands and then headed home. After dinner they were sitting in the living room drinking coffee and discussing the matter at hand, a hot threesome with James.
John spoke up and said, "I am really glad you decided to try swinging with me again."
Kandy replied, "Me too darling. I refuse to let one bad experience ruin all the fun we can have in the future."
John then said, "Well, here is what I would like. I would like for you to suck my dick while James fucks you. Then we could both take turns eating your pussy. You could suck James's dick while I eat your hot box and then suck my dick as he eats you. Oh baby, that makes my dick hard just thinking about it!"
John then added, "Then if we all are comfortable about a second meeting, I would like is for you to sit on my dick while he fucks you in the ass. I would also enjoy the both of us using sex toys on you to bring you to heights of ecstasy you have never experienced before."
John sipped his coffee and picked up the newspaper and started reading it. He was letting Kandy get used to the ideas he presented her, before he continued the conversation. When he glanced over at her, he noticed a particular devilish smile and twinkle in her eyes as well as rock hard nipples poking through her t-shirt and knew she was really turned on by his ideas.
"You know," John said, ."Maybe later on the 3 of us could visit a swingers club sometime."
Kandy almost dropped her coffee cup she was shaking so hard with anticipation. Then she looked straight at John and said, "I think I will buy some Altoids. I remember when I used them while giving you a blow job the other day and you blew your load in record time. Hey I am going to go check my email and then email James something special."
John looked up from his cup of coffee and laid down the paper and said, "Now this I have to see! If you do not mind me looking over your shoulder, I want to see what kind of special you have in mind."
Kandy walked into the den and then said, "John, pull up a chair, you will definitely like what you are about to see."
You see, for some reason she could not get the thought of James joining them for a hot sexy rendezvous out of her head. Oh god, she wished she could meet him tomorrow and her throbbing pussy and hard nipples were yelling, "Oooooooh yeah!"
She sat down at her computer to send an email to James. Then turned to John and told him she was going to tempt James a bit with some hot sexy photos. As John watched she typed the following phrase, "Since we could not meet this week, I am sending several special attachments. I am sure they will keep you hot, hard, and cumming!" Then said signed the email and turned and looked at John.
Kandy then said, "Baby I hope that email don't bother you. I had to do it! You see the poor guy does not get enough sex as it is and he deserves something special to make his day."
John stood up and pulled Kandy close and kissed her hard and said, "That my dear is why I love you. You are so considerate of others. Now come my sweet Kandy, it's time for a fuck break!" And the two of them headed off toward the bedroom.
James called Kandy that Friday around 4 pm saying, "I am sorry we could not meet last week. I had to drop off a prescription today and thought it would be a good time to call you. Oh by the way, I really liked the pictures you sent me, my dick is still throbbing. You have a beautiful smile. With your red hair and smile, you are really sexy. I am looking forward to seeing all of that beautiful body. As well as devouring it."
He continued the conversation and said, "You mentioned you did not have much experience with a lot of things. Well baby I don't either, but I read a lot and some of those things just sound, "Nasty but Fun!" In my opinion, kinky and nasty are in the eyes of the beholder. I am open to almost anything even if you have only read about it, it may be fun to try."
Kandy replied, "Oh we both cannot wait to meet you either. You sound so sexy. I am glad you liked the pictures I sent you. We plan to take more in the future."
James then said, "Any picture of you Kandy is sweet, sexy, and hot. Oh, I am really looking forward to meeting the two of you."
"How about getting together for coffee tomorrow at 1pm? I have a couple of hours free."
Kandy told him to wait a minute while she went to ask John. A moment later she excitedly replied, "We would be glad to meet you Saturday at 1pm. John wanted to know if you knew where The Country Kitchen is? We could all meet there."
James replied, "Sure I do, I go there a lot for coffee and breakfast. I cannot wait to meet you, because you are an answer to my dreams. And if you do not mind me saying so you're an angel. "
Kandy giggled and replied, "I don't mind at all. We will be there ready and willing Saturday. By the way, John drives a big three quarter ton black pickup, so it wont be hard to spot."
James then told her, "I will see you both Saturday. Here is my home phone number in case you need to call me."
Kandy told John about the phone conversation adding that she was so fucking hot, she wanted to ride his dick right then and there in the living room.
John looked up from his paper and gave her one of his "fuck me now grins" and said, "Won't the bed be more comfortable? "
She just winked and squealed, "First one there gets to do whatever they want to the other person!"
Kandy of course got on the bed first and said, "Mmm, looks like I get to suck your dick first, but I want to do it my way!"
She grabbed the box of Altoids next to the bed and popped one into her mouth and slowly started sucking John's dick. She then looked up and stopped long enough to say, "Oooooh baby, I love peppermint sticks, especially crème filled ones!" Then resumed sucking John's dick.
John loved watching Kandy suck his cock. He did not know why, but those little mints turned his dick into high gear. She always laid with her pussy facing his head, that way he could watch her sucking his dick. Oh god, she was so good at it, the best cock-sucker that he ever experienced.
He reached over and twisted her right nipple as his other hand busied itself tantalizing her hot cunt. She was already drenched and he knew she would cum hard, she always did when she sucked his dick.
After a long hard hour of play, they decided to call it a night and save some energy for tomorrow. Just in case they would meet-greet and fuck. So they both went to bed to get a good night sleep.
However, that night Kandy could not sleep and when she looked at the clock she swore the hands were frozen in time. It seemed like Saturday would never arrive.
When the alarm went off, Kandy nearly fell off the bed as she was awake playing with her hot pussy.
John rolled over looked at her and said, "Is this a party for one, or can I join in?"
She replied, "Oooh darling, please do. Table for two on my side of the bed, breakfast is ready!"
John said, "Yummy doll, there is nothing better the pussy pie for breakfast. Shall we follow that course with tube steak with cream sauce?"
Kandy squealed saying, Breakfast is served!"
When she finally got up she went to check her email like she does every morning and sure enough she had a message from James. "I really enjoyed our meeting and will see you tomorrow. I will probably be there between 12:30 and 1:00 pm. If that is too early let me know. I cannot wait to get at you my sweet delectable redhead. Your pictures were sexy, but in person you are really hot and sexy! Oooh baby, I could not help staring at you! The quick kiss at the truck was just super and tasted very sweet. I think John and I will get along just fine. It will be tough getting to sleep tonight as I will be thinking of all the things we will be doing. Cya tomorrow, James.
As they sat down to breakfast, Kandy told John about the email adding that she was so hot she might parade around in her birthday suit and answer the door naked.
John just laughed and replied, "Well what happens if it's not James? I think you would be better off putting on the aqua colored sexy short outfit. You know , the one with the soft bra lining, low neckline with spaghetti straps. Oh baby, I love the way it shows off your sweet beauties!"
Kandy agreed and soon met James's knock wearing the sexy outfit. He must have liked it, because he handed John the drinks he brought with him and pulled her into his arms.
Kandy returned the kiss teasing his tongue with hers as his fingers caressed her curves. She then escorted him into the living area and kissed him again as he sat down. Then went into the kitchen to prepare the drinks.
She met John on the way in and said, "Don't let anyone tell you that older men are not hot and sexy. Just because they are gray on the mountain does not mean there is no fire in the furnace!" John just winked at her and nodded his head yes and went into the living room.
Kandy soon came into the room and passed out drinks to everyone. Then sat down to join in the conversation. James then said, "I wanted to tell you both that I was nervous while driving here. I love the idea about coming here and having some sexy adult fun, but it's been four years since I had any good fucking."
Kandy looked at James and said, "Oh honey, that is three and a half years too damn long. Maybe we can help solve that little dilemma."
They continued chatting until the conversation turned and they began talking about sexual experiences. Kandy looked over at John and theirs eyes met he winked, then looked at James and said, Well James, how about you and I getting those balls rolling?"
Kandy took James by the arm and escorted him to the bedroom as John followed. When they got there she slowly began removing her clothing giving both men a strip-tease to turn them on more.
When she was naked she looked over at James. She thought the guy was going to pass out when his eyes saw her 42D's. When she glazed down at his crotch, he was already rock hard.
She walked over to James and took a hold of his dick and whispered, "Sweety, I love what I see I cannot wait to taste your dick and have it slide deep in my hot cunt!"
James replied, "We are going to do you first my dear, I been dreaming about eating your pussy all week! Now go lay down on your back!"
Kandy kissed his cheek and walked over to the bed and laid down then spread her legs and said, "Okay guy, turn your baby on......more!"
John got on the other side kissed her lips hard then moved down and began nibbling and sucking on her hard nipples. As James climbed onto one side of the bed and zeroed in on wanting pussy.
James began eating her pussy encircling her clit and biting it gently. Then went down and shoved his tongue fucked her hot pussy-hole. Then when she began shaking, slid his tongue down and reamed her asshole. Oh god no one but John knew how to eat her and push all her button, James was that good.
John bit her nipple then blew on it and she quivered hard knowing she would cum soon and cum hard. She was playing with John's big dick the whole time and he was oozing a lot of precum.
Kandy turned her head from side to side and squealed, "Oooooh my god, it feels so good! I love the way your eating me James. That's it, just like that! Oh bit my nipple harder John, oh yes that's it. Aarrrrghhhhhh! She then shook so hard she could not talk and covered James face with her sweet juices.
James then moved up and kissed her sweet lips giving her a taste of her cum on his lips. As John moved down between her leg and began eating her pussy.
Kandy then told James to move up on his knees as she wanted to taste his dick. He moaned and trembled when she engulfed his big dick. As Kandy sucked him deep, James told her he really liked watching her, adding that he never had a good blow job. Oh my god, she could not believe he has never had good head. She rolled his balls and sucked him harder and he almost blew his load right then and there.
He then told her she sucked dick like she really loved doing it. Kandy stopped sucking him and said, "Honey, I like sucking cock as much as you love eating pussy!"
They continued the hot sexy play went on for about 30 minutes. Kandy knew John had a lot of stamina and James was nervous. Kandy kissed James repeatedly then whispered, "James do not worry about thing at all. After all we are here to have fun and have a wild sexy day."
Kandy loved how the men treated her, like she was naughty but kinky temptress. With long hours of foreplay and fun, because everyone who knows her was aware she loves to play for hours and hates wham-bam thank you man sex!
John continued to eat Kandy's pussy and made her climax two more times putting her into orbit. After awhile the men changed places again and James ate her hot-box. At last count she climaxed 8 times, or more as her head and cunt were spinning so hard she lost count.
James then told John that he wanted to watch Kandy suck John's dick, because he had only seen in porno movies. John reached over and handed Kandy the box of Altoids then laid on his back. Kandy popped the mint, swallowed John's dick and put on a show for James. Sucking and rolling John's dick and balls until he thought he would pass out.
John stopped her and told her he wanted to fuck her while she sucked James's dick. So she laid on her back spread her legs wide and told John to drive it home.
James looked at them both and said he wanted to watch for awhile, because he was getting worn out, after all he had not done this much for a long time. After watching for a while he leaned over and sucked in her right nipple as John fucked Kandy.
John looked into Kandy's eyes and knew when someone did her nipples she came like hell.
Kandy looked over and James and kissed his check then up at John and said, "Oh John, I love the way you fuck me. Yesssss, just like that!"
Then looked over at James and said, "Oh James, keep it up! I love the way you do my nipples, bite it baby, harder......Aarrrrghhhhhh, I'm cumming!"
John threw his head back and yelled, "Oooooh god, yeah baby, I am cumming!"
They all laid back on the bed with Kandy sandwiched between James and John. They began to tell each other how good it felt. James voiced some regret that he had not been able to cum stating that he may have been too nervous.
Kandy just kissed his cheek and said, "Don't worry baby, we can pick up where you left off next time we get together." Then she looked over to John and he nodded his head and she said, "We will be meeting again! James, you can strum my strings anytime, Guitar man!"
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Home » Pet Health » How-To Videos
A series of helpful short videos on dog and cat care.
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So here's an interesting pair of trends: the price of solar photovoltaic power continues to drop, due to economies of scale and improvements in technology and manufacturing, while the price of building nuclear fission power is rising. According to this study from the North Carolina Waste Awareness and Reduction Network (NC-WARN), the trend lines have now crossed, and in North Carolina solar power is now cheaper than nuclear. (The report was prepared for the state government; the exact results will be different in other states in depending on insolation, but the trend is going to be the same everywhere.)
The prices compared by the study are the prices to consumers and include government subsides for both solar and nuclear; but even if the solar subsides were removed, the crossover point would be delayed no more than ten years. And the solar includes only PV, with no accounting of the potential of concentrating solar power.
According to the New York Times, the construction of the first round of nuclear plants in the U.S. resulted in electricity users getting stuck with nearly $100 billion of costs from bankruptcies and "stranded costs", and a report by Citigroup Global Markets last November termed the financial risks for a new generation of nuclear plant "so large and variable that individually they could each bring even the largest utility to its knees."
Meanwhile, the proposed American Power Act is set to give away about $56 billion to the unsustainable nuclear power industry, including tax credits, access to bonds, an increase in government insurance against regulatory delays, and loan guarantees -- guarantees which leave the American taxpayer on the hook in case of default.
The risk of default for these nuclear industry loan guarantees is about 50 percent.
So, we can get stuck with the bill from the nuclear fission industry as they give us a power source with huge security, waste disposal, weapons proliferation, and safety concerns; or we can make clean, efficient, and effective use of that large nuclear fusion reactor that Providence has provided just 93 million miles away.


text: Okay so today i had a stage. It was mentally exhausting and not just physically , felt like i fish out of water today, being baffled by what i saw.... If i had to choose or could choose i wouldnt go back, even though i was staging and at the end i got paid... double....(guess i must have done something right for them to call me back, or maybe they just need another mule to order around) So lets begin with how the day starts. Wake up, get a call from an old manager of mine telling me she set me up for a stage (even though i wasnt sure about it). Okay so i go... get their early and im left planted for a few minutes in a freaking hot room until they confirm that i was correct. I go change into my work clothes, and enter a small ass kitchen with minimum space to do basic mise en place. Looks like we got a 6 burners stove, no freaking working oven.... 2 microwaves, and 4 sinks, and some limited cooking tools. Wheres the head chef you ask? Well they called me in wanting me to replace her for a few weeks, doing stock, working the line, etc... while she cut her wrist open and cant work till she is better. They call me even though they know that right now i plan on going after a degree so my time is limited as i want to focus on school. I don´t have any intentions on doing 400+ covers on weekends with only 2 cooks, and no dishwasher. Today i had to do many things against my philosophy.... and was also baffled by so many things. Order up, table is asking for a salad. I ask politely "so what goes on the salad here"? Answer: Just chopped lettuce and some tomatoes.... WTF no dressing? Nope. No salt? Nope. No freaking other veggies or greens? Nope just lettuce and tomatoe is fine... (clients paying freaking $$$ for freezer burned lettuce and poorly chopped tomatoes oh dear f*cking god). I just close my eyes and pretend nothing is wrong and head to chop some tomatoes decently.... I ask, "where is the knife"? Apperently everyone had no knife skills and they cut everything using A FREAKING BUTTER KNIFE..... Oh my god , no real chef´s knife (i knew i should have brought my own, but currently dont have a roll). They then open a cabinet full of chefs knives, but apperently they are too scared to use them, let alone find them unnecessary. WELL when you are cutting vegetables with a butter knife i doubt the results are pleasing , now are they. COOKING EGGPLANT AND ZUCCHINI in the microwave till they are virtually rubber... why you ask? I DONT FREAKING KNOW, because after cooked they were thrown into the freezer, every second i was seeing things never done before. As the night goes on, it is silent, dead silent until the printer starts going off and we have 3 orders for beef parmegiana. So you just go on right ahead taking out those frozen lumbs of meat and NUKE THEM in the microwave... THEY ARE STILL ROCK HARD, maybe because they have been in the freezer for weeks and are freezer burned you F****ING IDIOT. I can´t believe i was obligated to tenderize frozen ROCK HARD meat and batter them to be fried.... I COULDNT BELEIVE SOMEONE HAD THE NERVE TO CHARGE AROUND 30 BUCKS FOR THAT, and i helped them sell it too. As the night goes on i feel that i am completely unnecessary in this kitchen, no chef, no rules, no organization, no need to actually try, no drive, to me i was bored out of my mind, with minor leg pain from standing. Seeing poorly educated cooks chopping vegetables as mise en place runs out, but where are they chopping... well i hoped it was on a clean cutting board, but it was on a dirty bloody cutting board i used to cut and tenderize meat. Please tell me you didnt just do that.... please tell me you arent thinking about actually serving that on a salad.... PLEASE TELL ME I AM DREAMING BEFORE I FREAKING SLIT YOUR THROAT. As we are making it to the end, i work out the prep list for tomorrow (the one the morning cook does for us... poorly i may add). With all the frozen meat, fish and poultry already hacked you are honestly telling me tomorrow this man must do it all over again just in case we run out even though their is weeks worth of product in the freezers and fridge... 1 hour till the shift is over, and all i see if frozen LUMPS (looking like frozen turds of meat) being thrown into the deep fryer after being nuked. This dumb *** cook cooking in a dirty saute pan. Again using freezer burned lettuce (my eyes are bleeding), and seeing it get sent out, while im trying to organize and maintain at least minor quality in what i am serving. Finally the shift is ending as i clean burned saute pans. Pans that were left filled with sauce, and purees on the stove with the burners on high are completely unnoticed , till a brave soul gets up the courage to turn the burner off, throw that sh*t out, and clean a burned pan that was on the stove for no need. This day was by far one of the worst days of my cooking career. With so many high hopes that this kitchen would welcome me with open arms with cool gadgets and a half decent menu, well i was DEAD WRONG. This restaurant charges its customers 30 dollar entrance fee for person.... to eat poorly. The food is poorly prepared, and probably not safe to be consumed either. THE FOOD IS EXPENSIVE with no quality what so ever , almost all the cooks unexperiences and got to their current positions as other cooks quit before them. The place has an amazing enviroment, extremely well decorated, but the kitchen is shoe box small expected to serve in many cases on weekends at least 300 covers. Sure this was only my first day (but i feel it was my last). Sadly im currently living in a small town and will remain here for 4 years until i finish my degree in management till then i wont be able to move and work with some decent people at some decent restaurants that value quality. The last places i worked even though werent dream jobs were light years better and pleasurable to work at, but im living in the past. Im just so tired of having some joints actually lack quality and not hire educated or decent cooks with actual potential or knowledge in the industry just so they can pay minimum wage, have them work long hours, while 1 or 2 cooks carry the team. Im so tired of seeing people lack any passion or desire to better themselves or see some people doing the wrong things, and not even give a flying f*ck about it. This day was so bad i had to rant, BUT FINALLY ITS OVER... Next goal, take a step back from the industry maybe until i finish my degree and head back head first with my diploma, that or not give up and attempt to find a decent job with people willing to put in some real effort. Regardless my day was awful , but thanks for reading. Their were loads of other things i saw today, but my mind was able to forget them after a hot shower. So anyone else have a crappy day, IF NOT I HOPE AND MOST LIKELY IT WAS A HELL OF A LOT BETTER THEN MINE. Really needed to rant and get this out of my system /img/vbsmilies/smilies/laser.gif I stayed unemployed for 2 months just doing some extra work here and their to get some money. My grandmother (who is like my mother to me as i live with her) has lung cancer and i wanted to spend some time with her, since it could just be the last time i have the chance (we spent 12 years apart living in different parts of the world). I really have been second guessing myself , working in places with great chefs and cooks where i learned, and enjoyed ever minute of work , to now hating almost every job offer i get because food is just lacking quality and they rather hire uneducated idiots then real cooks to cut costs and save money. Places with 1 real educated cook to carry the team while the rest fumble in a clusterf*ck of tickets and burnt pans. Seriously bad luck or is the world just messing with me /img/vbsmilies/smilies/confused.gif


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Did anybody find optical sunglases in Silvermine? I lost mine, at the lower Silvermine crag. If you found them please let me know. My e-mail is email@example.com. There will be a reward!
Lost glases in Silvermine
Did you forget you favourite boots at the crag? Or, did you find some quickdraw on the 4th bolt of some route?
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I had planned to have a nice roll out of posts over the next few days, going through both Jawbone UP and Misfit Shine: what was in the box, set up, use, supporting app and general feedback...
...however after only 11 days the Misfit Shine is now a dead piece of metal.
But before any ranting. let's go back a few months.
As soon as read that the Misfit Shine was waterproof and that you could use it for tracking swimming I knew I had to have one. OK, it's only working on iOS - I can handle that. You could have told me it was made out of unobtainium and cost a fortune - I still wanted this "bad boy".!
So order placed and I took delivery on the 7th August from the FedEx guy. All was good, all was very good :-)
Over these past 11 days I have suffered with the Misfit Shine, I will put myself out and say this device is woefully inadequate, in the following areas:
- Inaccurate
- User Interface (UI)
- Software
I will post on each of these areas so you get the full picture.
However all this was eclipsed when this morning when I went to sync my Misfit and it turned out the app on the iPad and logged itself out.
So I went to log in with my credentials only to be informed that my details were incorrect, but that's not a problem as I could retrieve the password. Which you would think would be easy..!!
You receive an email and click on the link that opens a Safari window... and guess what nothing happens. I actually tried this four times and got the same result every time. What do they say about repeating the same action and hoping for a different outcome - Genius?
So I just happen to test it out on the PC and I was taken to one of those "warning pages" where the location is not trusted, obviously Safari was blocking this. So downloaded and installed Chrome and repeated clicking the link. This time I was able to get to the site and then reset my password. Nearly there I thought.
Signing in back into the app I was asked my details and then to sync the Misfit Shine... when I did this I was informed that my device was locked to another account and it had to unlinked. I was nearly in tears at this stage.!
So now I have a completely dead Misfit Shine and if I don't get a reply from their customer service this "bad boy" is going back for a full refund.
I'm not sure how many people are reporting stuff to Misfit, but I logged an email with them on the 16th and got number 25975 and today (18th) logged another with the number 27240, which means in 2 days they got a little over 1200 emails... hopefully not all moaning like me :-)
Real shame this post is a bit negative, but lets hope I get some feedback from Misfit tomorrow.
Next post will be about the Jawbone UP


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Designing the Perfect Family Home
Design expert, Pete Tonks, reveals the keys to ensuring your new home works well with children in mind
Our ideal homes are shaped by the differing needs we have at the different stages of our lives. So when you're designing your new home, you've got the chance to make sure it fits around your particular life stage (of course the cleverest designs are flexible enough to be adapted over the years, too).
There are many ways to create the perfect home for your growing family, and some ideas, such as the open breakfast kitchen have become de rigueur in recent years — but there is much more to it than that.
The Layout
Two of the key considerations when thinking about the layout of your family home are visibility and connectivity. During the early years, you basically need to be with your children all of the time, but you cannot allow this to stop you undertaking your daily routine activities. To make this work for you, it is wise to make a percentage of your ground floor space open plan with secluded spaces for quieter rooms.
Open plan living works well for a family, but essential quiet zones away from from the hubbub have been factored in to this floorplan
Day Living
The most successful combination of spaces for the open plan environment are kitchen, dining and family living. This, I term as 'day living' and it is likely you will spend 70-80 per cent of your time here.
Important aspects for the day living zone tend to be good natural light, access to the garden and an informal and relaxed feel.
A good day living space needs plenty of light and a layout that allows you to keep an eye on the kids while you work
Utility Room and Boot Room
With kids comes 'stuff'! You will be washing clothes on a daily basis and in light of our weather, there is a good chance you will have a tumble dryer. Then there are the boots, the coats, the rucksacks, the scooters, the bikes, the swim kit, etc. and you will want to find a home for these.
Make this utility/boot room a good size with designated storage cupboards for each family member. A covered porch area is good for dumping dirty coats, boots and drying the washing.
You may also want to locate the ground floor WC within this sector of the house as it is more often than not used by the family as opposed to the occasional visitor. This room often ends up being the main family entrance into the home — well away from guests.
The All Important Snug
As parents, you need to treat yourself to some escapism away from the day living sector at the end of the day when the kids have gone to bed. To achieve this, I advise my clients to consider a snug lounge.
A snug lounge should be calming, perhaps with a real fire and relatively low levels of natural light. For a traditional project, consider a heavily beamed ceiling, reclaimed stone/brick fireplace, timber flooring and – for a contemporary project – perhaps just one statement wall of a tactile material such as natural stone and use of dark colours and finishes.
A snug lounge is most successful when it does not have access to the outside spaces.
Natural materials and huggable textures make this snug cosy in spite of the natural light and large dimensions
Studies and Playrooms
You will need a home study of your own, but also as the kids go through school, they deserve to have their own dedicated space for study too.
You may initially consider a playroom connected to the day living area for the early years and have your own study elsewhere. These two uses can never co-habit successfully in my opinion.
Parents tend to be more than happy to compromise on the size of the master bedroom in favour of the kids' rooms. It is likely that you will want your children to have a study area in their bedroom (in addition to the family study area previously mentioned).
For the early years have their bedroom near to yours for feeds and supervision. For school and teenage years however you will want to locate them further away as this period tends to involve drum kits, electric guitars, noisy friends and general chaos.
For convenience and peace of mind, it is best to situate a young child's bedroom near your own
Ideally, each bedroom would have its own bathroom, but is not always possible due to size or budget constraints. Instead aim for one bathroom per two bedrooms as a minimum after you have provided for the master bedroom and typically the guest room.
As the children get older and certainly through their teenage years, there will be increased pressure for each room to have its own bathroom, so this is an important part of those early stage design discussions.
Family Activity Room
A loft space or basement is a great place to create a designated family activity room where you get to spend quality time together. This could include a home cinema, table tennis etc. and you should specify good levels of sound insulation throughout this space for it to be functional.
Designing and building your own home is surely one of the most challenging undertakings you will consider in your lifetime. It is also one of the most rewarding, and if the whole project has been based around you and your children and functions for you as a family on every level, surely it doesn't get any better than that?


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Your Home's Lungs
Running throughout your home is a system of ducts that cycles air around your home. They often go unnoticed and forgotten. Over time these ducts accumulate dust, mold, and animal droppings. Your central heating system then pushes all the air in your home through this grime. This cycle happens continuously through out the day. Starting a cycle of depositing dust, dander and dirt and picking up it back up. This will wreck havoc on your allergies and respiratory health.
50% of all illness are caused by or aggravated by polluted indoor air.
– American College of Allergist
Cleaning your ducts offers many health and comfort benefits to your family. By having your ducts cleaned you will notice a decrease in your energy bills, allergic reactions and cleaning time.
Our Duct Cleaning Team at Work
Our clean and courteous comfort specialists will work diligently to remove all the grime hiding in your duct system.
Benefits of Duct Cleaning
The air in your home is 70% more polluted than the air outside.
How To Tell If You Need Your Ducts Cleaned
Dust, cobwebs, debris, or noticeable particles blowing out of supply registers
Visible mold on the inside surfaces of ducts
Rodent droppings and dead insects inside ducts
Recent Construction or remodels
Allergies that get noticeably worse when inside


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James Barton Longacre
17.90 mm
1.94 grams
75% Copper, 25% Nickel
No Three-Cent Nickels were made for circulation in 1877 and 1878, thus this was the first such coin since 1876. Demand must have been low, because the Mint struck only 38,000 examples for circulation, plus 3,200 Proofs for sale to collectors.
Despite the low mintage, collectors should have no trouble finding an 1879 Three-Cent Nickel in grades up to, and including, MS66. In MS67, fewer than 10 have been certified by PCGS, and none have been graded finer.
This date is generally known for being well struck, and it is seldom found with clashed dies. The low mintage makes it a very poipular date.


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Good Questions: A Good Guest Bed/Pull-out Couch?
Hello AT,
I'm looking for a reasonably priced, elegant, convertible guest bed. Something with clean lines and a modern flair, not the typical dumpy, velour covered loveseat/convertible that leaves you with a bar in your back all night.
Also, not a slouchy college futon. I just don't have enough space to sacrifice an entire room to a big queen size bed that only occasionally gets slept on.
I'm open to unconventional solutions. I checked out the
How have you guys solved this dilemma?
Thanks, Alicia.
Link To All Good Questions
Hey Alicia- Well, it's a hard order to find a good queen size pull-out without the space to hold 7 feet worth of sofa (that's what the couch needs to house the queen size mechanism) The Fu-Chest is funny, although we wonder about its comfort factor. Have you thought about a murphy bed? with so many people making higher end versions, it might just be your solution. AT has a few options HERE.
Anyone else?


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We have openings for someone to hang, wash, label and fold linen.
This position is mostly outside.
This position can be from 6:30 am to 12:30 pm Monday - Sunday.
Or 1:30 pm to 8:00 pm Monday-Sunday.
If you are really interested in working call
or send resume to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Looking for someone that needs little supervision.
You will be working alone and will be in control of our linens.


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Here we inform you about following Baby movie review, star ratings, public response, and business report of revenue collection
The new released film of Akshay Kumar has already win the heart from its trailer video and now it has made the audience entertain by meeting their expectation about the story and actions in the thriller scenes. We are going to share you about the appraisal received by the flick. The picture has a really nice story line with the type of direction done by Neeraj Pandey. The flick is about the terrorist attack in India and the raw agent of the country on a mission to protect our own home country and their agents. It is said that this one is the Akshay's best ever performance yet. This has action flavour with some suspense created till the climax of film. The Baby movie review is described here by a rescue plan of Ajay Singh and Jai to bring the Indian security agent back to India. This is the perfect story where a hero hurts himself and protect the other people on its mission. This depicts about the two country or group fights i.e. versus and finally the hero group wins. Khiladi has portrayed the justified character of agent. This film is about the 26/11 mumbai attacks by terrorists. The title name of film is the name of the mission given for the assessment of terrorist preparing to attacks different states and cities of India. Akshay is shown as a calm and lethal officer who is the head of the mission turns to kill each and every man who is trying to harm the countries people and places.
He also achieves some task of mission without planning. The negative point of picture analysis describes that it is not that easy to crack some assassin group but in the film it is shown very easily. They reach every places and kills every bad guy. The head of assassin Danny Denzongpa is not much screened taking some major decision about the group protection as he has a perception of leaving the big decision on their subordinates.
The show criticism finals words: It fails to entertain the audience on a high level with many flaws in the 2 hours and 40 minutes long story.
Baby movie star ratings
The picture starring Akshay Kumar as Ajay Singh Rajput, Rana Daggubati playing as Jai sing rathore then Taapsee pannu being as Priya suryavanshi and even many other stars like Kay kay menon, Anupam kher, Mikal Zulfiqar, Karan, Murli, Rashee and D. denzongpa playing a character of Feroze ali khan. The flick is given 3 star mark out of 5 by many critics of Bollywood films.
How is the public response for Baby
The audience gives an above average scores as they liked many sequences of picture. They liked most scenes of Ajay Singh by Kumar Khiladi as said it's his most wonderful and great act yet. The have a positive reaction on this as the civic feedback can only be judged on basis of people watching the show.
What is the Baby movie opening day Box Collection and its business
The film as released on 23rd jan, it has earned a box office collection of 12 crores. This is the 1st (first) day collection of revenue on Friday. Compared to dolly ki doli film, it has gross more business than the other one. It is screened on nearly 3200 multiplexes with a 60 to 70% of occupancy. So, this was the first day box office and Income report.