text:
From Parameters, Autumn 2000, pp. 30-39.
Go to Autumn issue Table of Contents.
Go to Cumulative Article Index.
What effect does doctrine ever really have on an army's behavior? That's a strange question, perhaps, for a journal such as this. At least since the founding of the US Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) in 1973, there has been a great deal of debate in the US Army and wider defense community about what doctrine should be: attritional? maneuverist? AirLand Battle? More recently, further doctrinal debates have emerged about jointness and the "revolution in military affairs." All such discussions seem to assume that doctrine--formal written doctrine--really matters, that it is what determines how an army will fight. Is that true? A survey of the history of armies and their doctrines suggests that, in fact, doctrine has a weak--or perhaps a better way to put it would be "indirect"--effect on the actual behavior of armies in battle. Fundamentally, how armies fight may be more a function of their culture than of their doctrine.
Just What is "Doctrine" Anyway?
Disconcertingly, the very meaning of "doctrine" in the military sense is not altogether easy to get at. Today, the US Army officially defines doctrine as: "Fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide their actions in support of national objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgment in application."[1] The word doctrine springs from the Latin doctrina, meaning teaching,[2] and was originally used in a religious context by Roman Catholics to designate the body of correct beliefs taught by the church. This original concept has been adopted by militaries to describe the body of concepts and precepts which they teach. But there has always been a strong element of the written word to doctrine. Doctrine is what is written down, usually at the highest levels, for dissemination throughout an army, the usual intention being therefore to instruct and standardize. In this sense, military doctrine has roots in the earliest drill manuals, which date back at least to the time of Maurice of Nassau at the beginning of the 17th century, outlining the precise tactical evolutions in which all troops were to be trained.[3] The modern concept, however, goes considerably beyond this; indeed, like the official definition above, modern writers of doctrine are generally at pains to avoid prescribing overly precise, drill-like procedures. They are seeking rather to describe the conceptual framework of how best to prosecute military operations.
This is an approach that developed over the course of the 19th century; neither Wellington nor Napoleon had doctrinal manuals describing for them the principles of war and what approach they should take toward operations. However, even while Napoleon was still campaigning, the famous Swiss military commentator Baron Henri Jomini began publishing works purporting to explain Napoleon's method. This approach gathered momentum throughout the 19th century. As militaries professionalized and standardized (and bureaucratized), there came about an increasing tendency to formalize not just the tactical details of drill, but the very approach to war that higher commanders should take. Perhaps to a certain extent this was driven by the proliferation of staff and war colleges, and this approach was not without its critics. Some argued that such a prescriptive attitude stifled original thought and led to "doctrinaire" solutions to military problems,[4] but by 1914 this approach was quite firmly established in all major Western forces, to a greater or lesser extent.
Doctrine, then, is the officially sanctioned approach to military actions--the considered opinion as to the best way to go about things, if you will. More specifically, it is found in certain official texts.[5] In other words, it is meant to form behavior--specifically, the behavior of armies in battle. This, however, raises a real question of cause and effect: To what extent does doctrine actually affect behavior in battle? As we shall see, examination of some particular cases suggests that there are good reasons for suspecting that official doctrine, or at least the sort found in manuals, exercises a rather weak, or at best indirect, effect.
The British Army in the Interwar Years and the Dawn of Armored Warfare: A Study in Failed Doctrinal Reform
British doctrinal development between the wars has been well studied.[6] Suffice it to note here that after the Great War the British army is generally considered to have been strongly conservative with a noted reluctance to mechanize.[7] In opposition to this outlook stood a small group of theorists, notably B. H. Liddell Hart and J. F. C. Fuller, calling loudly for a shift to mobile warfare, based primarily upon the new tank arm. The story of Britain's disastrous campaigns in the first years of the Second World War is also well known. The general view is that these disasters were in large part the result of the very British conservatism and doctrinal backwardness just mentioned. Indeed, the British approach to fighting in the Second World War has been widely described as ponderous and set-piece.[8] In the words of British historian G. D. Sheffield, British tactics were "characterized by the deliberate set-piece battle, just as they had been in 1917."[9] This is not an isolated opinion. Indeed, while not uncontested it constitutes the dominant assessment of British (or even all of the Western Allies') military performance in the Second World War.[10] No less a commentator than Sir Michael Howard, the noted British military historian and a serving British officer during the war, has written: "The British army in the Second World War was not very good, and those of us who were fighting in it knew where its weaknesses lay. Staff work was rigid. There was little encouragement of initiative, or devolution of responsibility."[11]
One tactical shortcoming in particular merits special attention, and that was a consistent British failure to effect close tank/infantry cooperation on the battlefield.[12] Perhaps because British doctrinal thinking in the interwar years vacillated between extremes, polarized schools of thought emerged: radical all-tank enthusiasts and reactionary horse-and-infantry conservatives.[13] In consequence, neither camp was interested in close tank/infantry cooperation, and study of this languished. In the Western Desert, British armored units would often charge forward with neither infantry nor artillery--indeed, sometimes regarding other arms as a liability rather than an asset.[14] The consequences were frequently disastrous, and it took the British some time before they even realized that the Germans were using a skillful combination of all-arms (infantry and in particular anti-tank guns) rather than just their panzers to smash the British all-tank charges.[15]
This is usually contrasted with the Germans, who elaborated their highly successful stormtroop or infiltration tactics of the First World War into a doctrine of maneuver emphasizing fire and movement and all-arms cooperation.[16] Thus was born the much admired "blitzkrieg."[17]
If we are to believe, then, that the British army was ponderous and positional in its outlook at the beginning of the war, it is surprising to see what Britain's doctrinal manuals actually contained. In fact, contrary to the general view that the maneuver enthusiasts were foolishly ignored by the conservative British army establishment, maneuver did have a prominent place in British doctrine.
Official British doctrine was significantly amended in 1935, when a redrafting of Field Service Regulations II (Operations) (commonly known as F.S.R. II) was brought out. This redrafting was quite extensive, and--contrary to the usual view of a hidebound British army--it reveals a strong influence from the Fuller/Liddell Hart flexible maneuverist school.
The 1929 version of F.S.R. II began with a rather ponderous and arid chapter on "Armed Forces, their Command, and the Principles of War." The 1935 version completely did away with this, coming straight to the point and opening with a section on--of all things--the absolute importance of all-arms cooperation on the battlefield.
Furthermore, and probably more important, the second chapter of the 1929 version[18] listed all the various arms, giving brief descriptions and commentaries on each. Significantly, the infantry was covered first, cavalry second, artillery third, and only then the parvenu armored units. The 1935 edition is very different. It opens with a new preamble dividing all fighting arms into those whose "primary role is to close with the enemy, to seize and occupy points of advantage, or to defend them" and those whose "main function is to support" the first group. The first arm mentioned in the first group is "armored troops," and this time when the manual runs through a section on each of the arms, the order is armored troops, cavalry, infantry, artillery, engineers. Furthermore, the section on armor was completely rewritten for the 1935 edition and expanded to explain the significance of forming tank brigades which would "form the main striking portion for decisive action."[19]
In a similar vein, the 1929 version stated, "The main object of the infantry, to which all other operations are preliminaries, is to close with the enemy and destroy him."[20] That sentence is dropped from the 1935 edition, replaced with a longer but much more thoughtful passage:
Practically all success in war, which is won by the proper cooperation of all arms, must in the end be confirmed by infantry, which, by closing with the enemy, compels his surrender, and holds the objectives which have been secured or the points of importance which have to be protected, as a base for further action.[21]Overall, the 1935 rewrite of British doctrine is comparable to the famous 1982 rewrite of US Army doctrine that ushered in AirLand Battle. Both doctrinal rewrites aimed to replace a rather positional and attritional approach to war with the concepts of maneuver warfare and operational art. The 1935 revision of the Field Service Regulations produced doctrine that Guderian himself or any maneuver theorist today could be proud of. It stressed maneuver and concentration at a decisive point. It even, we might be surprised to see today, stressed all-arms cooperation. And what effect did it have on the actual behavior of the British army in war? As we have seen, very little. The general consensus among historians is that the British army was positional and notably poor at all-arms cooperation, especially in 1940.
The US Army in Operation Desert Storm: A Victory, but with New Doctrine?
Like the late 1920s and 1930s for the British army, the late 1970s and 1980s was a time of doctrinal ferment for the US Army. Indeed, there are many intriguing parallels between the two cases. In both instances, a body of dynamic thinkers tried to change what they perceived as a static, positional, and unimaginatively attritional approach to warfare. The criticisms made by writers such as William S. Lind and Wayne A. Downing in the late 1970s and early 1980s are remarkably similar in many respects to the criticisms Fuller and Liddell-Hart were making in the interwar period.[22] So too are the proposed solutions: a fluid form of maneuver warfare.[23]
The institutional response in the two cases, however, differs markedly. While the British army may have allowed new ideas to influence the rewriting of the Field Service Regulations,[24] the reformers were not welcomed by the establishment. A British Chief of the Imperial General Staff of the period, General Montgomery-Massingberd, is reputed to have remarked of Fuller's prolific writing on the military art, "I hope someone will stop him making such an ass of himself."[25] Perhaps because it was busy dragging itself up by its bootstraps and reinventing itself after the Vietnam debacle, the US Army's institutional reaction was very different. In the 1980s, in the form of the 1982 rewrite of Field Manual 100-5, Operations,[26] the US Army officially welcomed maneuver warfare with open arms. Articles extolling the virtues of Rommel, Guderian, Von Manstein, and the German World War II operational art became all the rage in the professional journals and staff colleges. Auftragstaktik was domesticated and enshrined in US Army doctrine as "mission orders" and the "commander's intent" paragraph of the operations order format. Everyone seemed to buy into the new paradigm, certainly everyone who wanted to be up on the new buzzwords. All of this, it should be noted, was in direct contrast with what Russell Weigley, one of the deans of US military historians, has called "the American way of war"--reliance on firepower and material superiority.[27] Indeed, much of the new emphasis on maneuver warfare was consciously reformist, even ardently so, and in direct reaction to Weigley's depiction of an "American way of war."
Coming after all of this doctrinal ferment, the US Army fought the 1991 Gulf War. As a military engagement, it was obviously quite a success, but was it fought with a maneuver warfare approach? Many seem to assume that because it was all over so quickly, ended so well, and involved such a dashing envelopment movement, it must have been maneuver warfare. There are, however, serious grounds for suggesting that it was not.
Military theorist Martin van Creveld, for one, has reached this conclusion: "Desert Storm was not a good example of maneuver warfare."[28] He suggests that the wide "Hail Mary" sweep through the desert was successful (and safe) simply because of the coalition's vastly superior military power, but that it was neither flexible nor probing. It featured rigidly controlled phases and "more thought was given to keeping one's units abreast of each other than to rapid movement with the aim of penetrating deep into the Iraqi rear."[29] Dr. van Creveld further argues that the objectives were neither strategic (Baghdad) nor operational (Nasiriyah or the destruction of the Republican Guard) centers of gravity but rather arbitrary geographic points.[30]
Others have complained that the command style was rigidly centralized and not the least bit like auftragstaktik and what the maneuver warfare enthusiasts had been on about for years, particularly at the tactical level.[31] As Richard Hooker observed in a previous article in Parameters:
At the tactical level . . . American forces seem to have performed in the traditional manner. US soldiers were well trained and fought courageously. Their leaders proved themselves masters of the art of coordinating fire support, movement, and logistics. . . . [But] while US forces may have carried traditional methods, techniques, and doctrine to new heights, they have not absorbed maneuver warfare at division level and below. Command and control remain rigidly centralized. Units moved in strict conformance to planned control measures. Fire control of artillery and close air support was consolidated at high levels; much was planned in advance. Units moved primarily to mass fire systems against enemy forces and expressed a clear preference for the use of fires over maneuver. These methods worked well against a passive enemy. But they do not reflect the spirit of AirLand Battle doctrine at the tactical level, and they do not reflect a conceptual grasp of maneuver warfare.[32]Richard Swain, in perhaps the best history of the campaign yet, characterized the ground attack as like a "drill bit" boring remorselessly into a rock face.[33] In his introduction to Swain's book, Roger Spiller stresses this same theme, noting that "a [US] national style of warfare, defined by its attritional impulse even in those instances when a more strictly modulated application of violence may have been appropriate . . . [prevailed in] the Persian Gulf War."[34]
In sum, Desert Storm was a great success, but it appears to be one that owes more to the coalition's overwhelming force than to the precepts of maneuver warfare.[35] For the hundred hours of the ground campaign, the US Army fought more or less the way it always has, albeit at a faster pace.
Doctrinal Dissonance
So how do we account for this doctrinal dissonance? How do we explain the sometimes strong difference between what is written in armies' doctrine manuals and the way they actually behave on the battlefield? A broader interpretation of "doctrine" is probably called for. Those who study business have developed the concept of "corporate culture" to describe the organizational culture or character of a business.[36] Some firms are hierarchical and conservative while others are imaginative risk-takers. This character, these writers have pointed out, may begin with individuals, but with time it comes to permeate the entire organization. Whatever the specific corporate culture is, it will tend to become self-replicating since the sort of person hired and promoted will be a reflection of the sort of characteristics the corporation values. Corporate culture may change over time, but at any given moment actions strongly at odds with the prevailing culture are unlikely to appear among any of the corporation's decisionmakers.
Much ink has been spilt debating whether or not "national characteristics" make for distinctively "national ways" in warfare. There may or may not be nationally determined ways in warfare, but specific military organizations certainly have specific organizational cultures, in the same sense that business theory describes corporate cultures. The French army of the interwar years inculcated certain attitudes in its junior officers and rewarded certain proclivities with promotion. The German army inculcated very different attitudes in its junior officers and rewarded a very different set of proclivities with promotion. This led them to quite different solutions to the same tactical problems. The French adopted a rigidly set-piece defensive attitude, epitomized by the Maginot Line, while the Germans opted for fluid mobility, eventually epitomized by the panzer divisions.[37] In this larger sense, an army's character or culture springs from many sources and is reflected in many ways.
Certainly formal doctrine is an important source of this character. So too are experience and the value systems of the army's leaders. Reflections of this character include the organization an army adopts for itself, the types of training it chooses to indulge in, and indeed, the formal doctrine it chooses to adopt for itself. Since armies choose doctrines, and not the other way around, fundamentally doctrine may be more an effect than a cause. The French army of the interwar years provides perhaps an extreme example of this phenomenon.
The French Army between 1914 and 1940: A Disastrously Successful Doctrinal Transformation
The first two cases we considered--the British before World War II and the Americans after Vietnam--revealed attempts to change doctrine that achieved at best moderate success in altering the way an army thinks. An interesting counterpoint is an example of an army that did change its doctrine and its method of operation, radically and to the core. The French army marched off to the First World War in 1914 perhaps more imbued with the spirit of the offense than any other army in Europe. Yet in 1939 it entered the Second World War with unquestionably the most defensive outlook of any European army.[38] Notwithstanding that in both cases French doctrine or military culture precipitated a national disaster, how do we account for such a marked shift in an army's mindset?
There can be no real doubt that the First World War was a searing experience for the French army, indeed for the French nation. It was so searing that it burned away much of the French army's pre-existing attitudes and institutional culture. From a pre-war population of approximately 40 million, the French lost 1.7 million young men.[39] By 1917 the French army was so shaken that it mutinied, that is to say, it refused to accept further offensive orders. John Keegan has noted that such suffering deeply affects a national consciousness, and that "France sought literally to wall itself off from a renewal of the trench agony by building a simulation of the trench system in concrete along its frontier with Germany."[40]
That is the background to the French doctrinal shift from offensive- to defensive-mindedness. That doctrinal shift could hardly have been more extreme or more total, but neither could the experience that precipitated this shift have been more extreme or more total.
Psychologists have long noted that rational debate seldom convinces people of the truth of an argument, unless they enter the debate uncommitted. To actually change someone's mind requires an emotional experience. Armies, as collections of humans, are no different. If the way an army fights is a function of its "mindset" more than the contents of its formal doctrine manuals, then so too does that mindset change not simply in response to what is written into the doctrine manuals, but in response to vivid experience.
It is not enough to write new doctrine, if the purpose is to change the way an army will fight. Ultimately, an army's behavior in battle will almost certainly be more a reflection of its character or culture than of the contents of its doctrine manuals. And if that culture--or mindset, if you will--is formed more by experience than by books, then those who would attempt to modify an army's behavior need to think beyond doctrine manuals.
What experiences form an army's real culture? Unfortunately for those who would try to reform an army between wars, the historical record suggests that it is wartime experience rather than peacetime innovation that changes an army's corporate culture. As we have seen, the British failed to change theirs between the two world wars despite more internal debate than is generally remembered. Likewise, the US Army arguably failed in the 1980s to reform itself in the maneuverists' image, a failure predicted by Major General John S. Wood, Commander of the US 4th Armored Division in the Second World War: "Fuller and [Liddell] Hart are contrary to the US Army tradition set down by Grant: attrition--wear the enemy down." Note that Wood credits the creation of "US Army tradition" to a wartime experience, the Civil War. Our one example of real doctrinal change, the French from 1914 to 1939, further reinforces this pattern. It was the wartime experience of the French from 1915 to 1918 that transformed their military culture. This transformation was complete by the Armistice in 1918 and probably even earlier, certainly no later than after the mutinies.
Does this mean that peacetime reformations are inevitably doomed to failure? Perhaps not, but it does suggest at the very least that the task is difficult and not sufficiently addressed by merely rewriting doctrine. Deeper questions must be asked about how to push the new doctrine into the collective mindset of the army. How are attitudes passed on? What are that army's collective experiences? What proclivities are rewarded? What are the formative experiences in the careers of its officers? And then, how can all of those things and more be shaped so they tend to create the mindset we seek? At the very least, a doctrinal rewrite should involve not just the re-release of field manuals, but changes in training, personnel, promotion, and perhaps even recruitment policies.
If the leadership really wants to change the doctrine of the US Army today to some sort of "digital" post-RMA approach, then they will have to do more than just authorize the release of new manuals that few will ever read cover-to-cover. They will have to change the Army itself.
1. US Department of Defense, Joint Publication 1-02, DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms, Internet, http://www.dtic.mil/doctrineljel/doddict/data/d/02018.html, accessed 15 February 2000.
2. Concise Oxford Dictionary. This is also the root for the word "doctor."
3. See, for instance, Gunther E. Rothenberg, "Maurice of Nassau, Gustavus Adolphus, Raimondo Montecuccoli, and the 'Military Revolution' of the Seventeenth Century," in Makers of Modern Strategy, ed. Peter Paret (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1986), particularly pp. 40-42.
4. This sentiment was notably strong among the British. See Canadian historian Tim Travers' remarks on this score, quoted in Shelford Bidwell and Dominick Graham, Firepower: British Army Weapons and Theories of War, 1904-1945 (London: Allen and Unwin, 1982), p. 41.
5. In the US Army's case, the FM 100 series of publications, plus other amplifying material.
6. In particular: Brian Bond, British Military Policy between the Two World Wars (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980); Jay Luvaas, The Education of an Army: British Military Thought, 1815-1940 (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1964); and Harold Winton, To Change an Army (Lawrence, Kans.: Univ. Press of Kansas, 1988).
7. Ibid., in particular Winton, To Change an Army.
8. This forms the theme of John Ellis, Brute Force (London: Andre Deutsch, 1990), in particular, pp. 373-88.
9. G. D. Sheffield, "Blitzkrieg and Attrition," in Warfare in the Twentieth Century, ed. C. McInnes and G. D. Sheffield (London: Unwin Hyman, 1988), p. 73.
10. Aside from Ellis, Brute Force, see for instance Carlo D'Este, Decision in Normandy (London: William Collins Sons, 1983); John English, Failure in High Command: The Canadian Army and the Normandy Campaign (Ottawa: Golden Dog Press, 1991); Martin van Creveld, Fighting Power: German and US Army Performance 1939-1945 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1982); or Trevor Dupuy, A Genius for War (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1977).
11. Quoted in "The Scholarship on World War II," The Journal of Military History, 55 (July 1991), 379.
12. This is mentioned repeatedly across a wide range of historians. See for instance Bidwell and Graham, Firepower; Michael Carver, Dilemmas of the Desert War (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1986); Max Hastings, Overlord: D-Day and the Battle for Normandy, 1944 (London: Pan, 1984); Carlo D'Este Decision in Normandy; Williamson Murray, "British Military Effectiveness in the Second World War," in Military Effectiveness, ed. Allan R. Millet and Williamson Murray (Boston: Allen and Unwin, 1988); Sheffield, "Blitzkrieg and Attrition."
13. English, Failure in High Command, p. 163.
14. See Murray, "British Military Effectiveness in the Second World War," pp. 110-12.
15. See English, Failure in High Command, p. 165, for a fascinating description of this.
16. For a thorough examination of this see: Bruce Gudmundsson, Stormtroop Tactics: Innovation in the German Army, 1914-1918 (New York: Praeger, 1989); and James Corum, The Roots of Blitzkrieg: Hans von Seeckt and German Military Reform (Lawrence, Kans.: Univ. Press of Kansas, 1992).
17. There is still debate about who coined the term blitzkrieg and what was originally meant by it. See William J. Fanning, Jr., "The Origin of the Term `Blitzkrieg': Another View," The Journal of Military History, 61 (April 1997), 283-302.
18. F.S.R. II (1929), "Fighting Troops, their Characteristics and Armament."
19. F.S.R. II (1935), p. 4.
20. F.S.R. II (1929), p. 11. Emphasis added.
22. See for instance William S. Lind, "Some Doctrinal Questions for the United States Army," originally written for TRADOC in 1976 and subsequently published in the Marine Corps Gazette and reprinted in Military Review, 75 (January-February 1997). See also Wayne A. Downing, "Firepower, Attrition, Maneuver--US Army Operations Doctrine: A Challenge for the 1980s and Beyond," written while the author was attending the Air War College 1979-1980, reprinted in Military Review, 75 (January-February 1997).
23. Compare, for instance, William S. Lind and M. D. Wyly's Maneuver Warfare Handbook (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1985) with much of Fuller and Liddell Hart's work.
24. Possibly because no one in the fashionable regiments even realized that the F.S.R.s were being rewritten.
25. Brian Holden Reid, J.F.C. Fuller (London: St. Martin's Press, 1990), p. 87.
26. Field Manual 100-5, Operations, is the US Army's keystone manual for operational-level doctrine.
27. Russell F. Weigley, The American Way of War: A History of United States Military Strategy and Policy (New York: Macmillan, 1973).
28. Martin van Creveld, Air Power and Maneuver Warfare (Maxwell Air Force Base: Air Univ. Press, 1994), p. 220.
29. Ibid., p. 219.
30. Ibid.
31. See for instance Donald E. Vandergriff, "Without the Proper Culture: Why Our Army Cannot Practice Maneuver Warfare," Armor, January-February 1998, pp. 20-24.
32. Richard D. Hooker, Jr., "The Mythology Surrounding Maneuver Warfare," Parameters, 23 (Spring 1993), 36.
33. Richard M. Swain, "Lucky War": Third Army in Desert Storm (Fort Leavenworth, Kans.: US Army CGSC Press, 1997).
34. Roger J. Spiller, "Introduction," ibid., p xxvii.
35. For another example of the same view of US performance in Desert Storm, see Robert Leonhard, The Art of Maneuver (Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 1991).
36. The literature in this field is vast. See for instance T. E. Deal and A. A. Kennedy, Corporate Cultures (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1982); D. R. Denison, Corporate Culture and Organizational Effectiveness (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1990); or J. S. Pedersen and J. S. Sorensen, Organizational Cultures in Theory and Practice (Aldershot, UK: Gower Publishing, 1989), the preface to which (p. xiii) gives an excellent overview of the founding works in the field.
37. For a thorough examination of both sides to this, see: Corum, The Roots of Blitzkrieg, for the German story; and Robert Doughty, The Seeds of Disaster: The Development of French Army Doctrine, 1919-1939 (Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1985), for the French side. Also, Len Deighton's Blitzkrieg (London: Jonathan Cape, 1979) provides an excellent and highly readable study of the contrast between French and German doctrinal approaches to war.
38. The standard work on this is Doughty's The Seeds of Disaster.
39. John Keegan, A History of Warfare (London: Hutchinson, 1993), p. 365.
40. Ibid., p. 366.
Captain Paul Johnston is an Air Force officer in the Canadian Forces and is currently serving at the CF-18 tactical fighter wing in Cold Lake, Alberta. He is a 1988 graduate of Royal Roads Military College and holds an M.A. in war studies from the Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario. His previous assignments have included NATO service in Germany, Canada's deployable Joint Force Headquarters, and National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa.
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Reviewed 15 August 2000. Please send comments or corrections to firstname.lastname@example.com


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Part 4 – What are we to do?
CHAPTER 5 – Living The Christian Life
Our Conduct Or Behavior As Believers
The Christian life is
In Genesis 3:8, it is stated,
And they (Adam and Eve) heard the voice of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God among the trees of the garden.
This passage in Genesis 3:8 records the earliest indication of the idea that God's desire for man is to have fellowship with Him. Because Adam disobeyed God, he was not able to enjoy such fellowship with God.
However, it is stated later in Genesis that two men did walk with God. In Genesis 5:24, it says, And Enoch walked with God… In Genesis 6:9, it says, …Noah was a just man and perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God. These Scriptures use the term, walk, to show that both Enoch and Noah maintained and continued in fellowship with God.
The use of the word, walk, as a figure for fellowship is clearly presented in I John 1:7,
But if we walk in the light, as He is in the light, we have fellowship one with another…
In order for there to be fellowship, there must be agreement and sharing things in common. This is at the heart of God's question to Israel in Amos 3:3, when He says,
Can two walk together, except they be agreed?
With the fact in mind that fellowship with God is the essential meaning of the "walk" believers are to practise, let us consider the Scriptural admonitions in regard to our walk.
The walk is in the Spirit. It is presented as a command in Galatians 5:16,
Walk in the Spirit, and ye shall not fulfill the lust of the flesh.
It seems that so few Christians are even aware of what it means to walk in the Spirit, that to do so is the exception rather than the normal thing to do. Christians are usually asked to commit themselves, surrender, dedicate themselves, sell out to Christ, give their life to Christ, or pray for revival. As well-intentioned as these appeals may seem, none of them are direct commands of Scripture. But Walk in the Spirit is a command, and if it were heeded, everything else would be cared for. For instance, there is no need for praying for revival when believers are walking in the Spirit.
In considering the two options of Galatians 5:16, we find that we try to keep from fulfilling the lust of the flesh, which we have not been commanded to do, instead of obeying the command to walk in the Spirit which is the only thing we can do. When we walk in the Spirit, it is not possible to fulfill the lust of the flesh. The two options are mutually exclusive – we cannot do both simultaneously. There is no guarantee, however, of a perfect performance. It is possible to change from walking in the Spirit to walking in the flesh at any moment. There is the need for constant self-submission to the Spirit.
Since we see the need to walk in the Spirit, the question is, "How do we walk in the Spirit?" At this point, some may say, "Read the Bible," "Pray," "Serve the Lord," "Be faithful at church," etc. All of these things are important, but it is possible to do all of them and yet not be walking in the Spirit. We have been so conditioned through the prevailing world view and through our flesh to do "things" in order to be successful, that we have missed a fundamental principle that is essential to godly living. The principle is – Being comes before doing. Thus, we will not be able to do what is to be done, until we understand who we are from God's viewpoint. Our identity is determined by what God does to make us what we are in Christ. Walking will then result when our daily and momentary choices are made consistent with our understanding of our identity with Christ. In this way we will delight to do the Father's will as Christ did.
Next Week: Part Five continued: How to walk in the Spirit
Copyright © 1996 A. Ward Brandenstein
Used with permission.
[Series Index]
A. Ward Brandenstein
Pastor Ward earned an M.A. in Guidance and Counselling from Eastern Michigan University after taking special courses in psychology at Wayne State University, and earned a Bachelor of Theology (Th.B.) from Baptist Bible College and Seminary with Greek and Hebrew studies, and earned a diploma from Philadelphia Bible Institute (now Cairn U.), including New Testament Greek studies. His knowledge of the Bible and close walk with God are appreciated by all who know him and have sat under his teaching. Pastor Brandenstein and his wife Rose Ann reside in California, teaching college level singles and married couples, young professionals, and retired pastors and missionaries.


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This week we are learning about Triceratops. Here is a song that includes many facts about Triceratops.
This week we are learning about Triceratops. Here is a song that includes many facts about Triceratops.
This week we are learning about Tyrannosaurus Rex. Here is a song that includes many facts about the T-Rex.
Well done to this weeks champions Olivia, Isabella and Bela.
You did a wonderful job today, congratulations!
Today in Prep CE we pretended to be palaeontologists. We used toothpicks to pick the chocolate chips from our biscuits. We counted how many we found. Some of us found 3 fossils, some found 7 and some found even more. We had so much fun.
Here are some of the pictures of us being palaeontologists.
Well done to Zac, Zara and Amaya for earning a Silver Certificate on Mathletics this week. You are AWESOME, great job!
Congratulations to this week's Chalkboard Champions Waleed and Kierra. You are the best! Keep up the great work you two.
This week we are learning about Palaeontologists. Palaentologists are really important people who look for dinosaur fossils.
Here is a video all about palaeontologists and what they do, we hope you like it.
Today we went into the sandpit and filled cups, bowls and buckets with spoonfuls of sand. We had a great time counting how many spoons it took to fill up these items. We used language such as empty, half full, almost full and full. We had a great time working together in the sandpit. Here are some pictures of the session!
Today we dressed up as our favourite community helper. There were firefighters, police officers, builders and teachers. Look at our outfits, we look so good!
Thank you to all of the grandparents and special friends that joined us in Prep CE on Wednesday afternoon. We loved having you and we hope you had fun at Oatlands.
Here are some pictures from our fantastic day.


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Removed Readded thinks this is interesting:
So far, all the projects in this book have focused on mobile robots that use treads, wheels, or legs to get around. Now, in the final chapter, you'll learn to build and program a stationary robot: the Printer (Figure 16-1). The Printer is a printing machine that uses a pen to write or draw on a sheet of paper. By drawing different combinations of lines, the Printer can produce basic shapes and letters.
- 16. The Printer: A Drawing Machine
- from The Unofficial LEGO MINDSTORMS NXT 2.0 Inventor's Guide, 2nd Edition
- Publisher: No Starch Press
- Released: December 2010
I really want a printer like this
Share this highlighthttp://www.safaribooksonline.com/a/the-unofficial-lego/190/


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The Archangel Gabriel is the third of the 4 Great Archangels, and Master of the Powers of Love.
To visualise Him, you need to turn your minds' eye to the West, and imagine you are facing the shimmering image of this gentle Archangel of Water.
His image before you is one of magnetic intensity; passive yet undeniably compelling.
The rich copper tones of sunset reflect in the sheen of his hair, as he stands in a muslin robe of gossamer blue, bedecked by a mist of sequined stars, as fragile and tenuous as an evening sky. He holds a brilliant chalice, encrusted in precious jewels, and filled to overflowing with the waters of life.
Gabriel touches the heart and emotions, for he is the bringer of Love, and his chalice represents the notion of compassion amidst the sorrows of life – as in much the same way we can find more time to rest at the end of a challenging day, sharing our feelings with those we care about, and maybe finding some forgiveness for ourselves and the wrong doing of others.
The chalice represents the Holy Grail, the Cup of contentment, tenderness and joy, and reminds us that there is no need to fight for Love, for we can find it within ourselves. Great strength can be found in vulnerability.
Gabriel is sometimes seen with the silhouette of an Eagle, fused in silver across his breast, which shimmers as he moves. This represents the higher side of Scorpio, the invincible bird of prey that transcends the stars, and signals Transformation, Rebirth, and the rising of the Phoenix in a blaze of new life.
If you watch carefully, Gabriel will smile down at you, an all pervading softness emanating from the lunar blue of his eyes, which hold within them the shadowy whisper of a hundred memories, born from yesterday.
He turns and faces outwards across the shaded skies of dusk, raising the crystal flowing nectar high above his head, and remains, with wings outspread, in a stance of unconquerable receptivity.
The cup of Gabriel is the cup of Love, and lies in the depths of our feelings and the ebb and flow of the tides.


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Batanes is one of the things in my bucket list. And now that I was able to fulfill it, I was able to write a blog entry about it in one sitting down. The most detailed, descriptive, and longest piece I've ever written yet. Well, that's why I'm into the field of process documentation. 🙂
Day 1. Tour of North Batan
As soon as we took off, I had a good feeling this will be a good trip. I felt I needed a break from amidst an emotional roller coaster ride that shocked me during the first quarter of the year. But what I do not know is that, this will be so far the most unforgettable trip I will have. Aside from the jagged cliffs, rolling hills, and a 360o view of picturesque scenery, Batanes boasts a rich endearing culture only the Ivatans can emulate. Everywhere we go, people display courtesy, or exhibit an affable display that you belong. Jessie Jacob, our tour guide, greeted us with a gentle, but warm greeting. He is so soft spoken that I even have to consciously turn down the volume of my voice because I'm afraid to be misinterpreted. Jessie was our tour guide for the whole duration of our stay. Our driver/tour guide led us to a makeshift tour vehicle, a signature feature of our lodging place, Crisan's Lodge.
Since our room is still being cleaned, we went first to the Basco Lighthouse and from there, my heart grew more excited, because the first stop was already spectacular. I thought to myself, if this is just the beginning, and each day will be better, I think I'll be lost for words to describe this place. My father (Tatay) and are already grinning from ear to ear, like a happy child about to get his most desired treat for a reward. We chose to stay at Crisan Lodge and Tour as recommended by a friend and they did not disappoint. It even raised the bar of the home stays I've been into. The owners, Mon Imperial and his wife, Crisan, are very warm and accommodating. As soon as we arrived, they served us complimentary breakfast, and gave us a brief background about Batanes and the tour package we will get. They also have a grocery store downstairs containing more than the basic essentials. It was so convenient for us, such that, we just go down at any time of the day, sometimes, in our pambahay, to buy a pack of 3-in-1 coffee or a bottle of beer. We exchanged stories like we have known each other for a long time, and are just picking up where we left off. He suggested that we'll have a tour of North Batan, day 2 would be Sabtang Island; the third day is for the South of Batan. After briefing and breakfast, he sent us off with Jessie.
For the North of Batan tour, we went to: Mt. Carmel chapel, PAG-ASA weather station, just across the chapel. We also passed by Fundacion Pacita, Rolling hills, and the Disnapuwan Cave. Jessie told us a brief history about the tunnel. He also took us to the Banlugan boulder beach. Jessie told us that the stones were from the eruption of Mt. Iraga during the 1400s. I gathered these were the stones used in the Ivatan houses. Last stop is the Rolling Hills, where we had the first 360o view of Batanes beauty at its finest. We took our lunch at Pension House where we had the Seafood's Ivatan Express. The fushion of creamy coconut milk and a hint of shrimp paste created a happy symphony of flavor in your mouth. On our way out of the restaurant, we first laid our eyes on the famous coconut crab. The huge crab is still scraping the coconut meat (endocarp) off the shell, we were at awe looking at this creature. Finally, we retreated back to our "home" and before we called it a day, we decided to bike to the Basco Lighthouse and watched the sunset. Crisan's Lodge also offers bike rentals for PhP 20/hr for their guests, and a little extra fee for those who are billeted elsewhere.
Day 2: Sabtang Island
We woke up at 6 am the second day. We went to Ivana port, where the boat going to Sabtang is waiting. Sir Mon gave me a piece of paper containing the name of our tour guide, Rudy Getcha (Tricycle no. 8). Adjacent to the port is the famous Honesty Store. Since we still had time, we had our cup of warm coffee there and had a quick tour around the port. We boarded the bus at 7am and had a 20 minute boat ride to Sabtang. The unruly waves made me a little dizzy, that I'm glad it took us less than half an hour. Locals say it can take longer depending on the waves. A town with a population of almost 2,000 spread across six barangays, Sabtang is another feast in the eye. A combination of green pasture lands, stunning rock formations, and a long, powdery white shoreline, it is another unique beauty that deserves a second round of visit. We went to Morong Beach and Chavayan Village (a nominee of the UNESCO Heritage Site), and the roads going to these places are already worth the treat. I have never, ever trudged a road by the edge of the cliff, overlooking the pacific ocean, in an open vehicle, and yet, feeling safe. In Chavayan Village, we were able to try the best tasting boiled egg form the ative chicken, and the sweetest coconut juice and meat I've ever tried.
As we entered the charming village, we were instantly smitten and awed (I might use this word a thousand times in this entry) at how the village people was able to preserve the cultural heritage of this place. Mang Rudy said that home stay is available at this village for just PhP 150/night. If we would spend overnight in the place, we will be able to see the six villages. But since, we'll just be staying for half day, we will only cover four villages. For lunch, we dined in a restaurant near the beach. This is where I've tasted the BEST BUKAYO EVER. The coconut meat is still soft, and the sugar is perfectly crystallized, just enough to cover the shredded coconut meat. This is also where I was able to taste Coconut crabs and Seafood Kare Kare that I could not get enough of my Turmeric Rice.
Day 3: Tour of South Batan
Day 3 was our last tour and we spent until almost 5 pm. Sir Mon had new guests and suggested that we group together. We found new companions in the persona of Anne and Ces from Manila. For the South Batan tour, our eyes were treated to even more beautiful places: Chawa View Deck, Mahatao Shelter Port, San Carlos Borromeo Church with the archive of blank books, Racuh A Payaman (also known as the Marlboro Country), Alapad Pass (where the famous "I-Dawn Zulueta mo ako!" scene from the movie 'Hihintayin kita sa Langit' was shot, according to Jessie). This is also where you can have a good view of the Loran Station, where the National Museum of Batanes is currently being built (once built, it will be another must-see in Batanes). We also saw the Alapad Rock Formation and Song Song Ruins (where I was speechless hearing that nobody died from the tsunami that hit Song Song – thus, Song Song Ruins, because the locals had their way of predicting if a tsunami is coming); the House of Dakay (A heritage house that was built in the 1800s), the Spanish Bridge, and the Blue Lagoon.
One of the highlights of the trip was the San Lorenzo Ruiz church in Imnajbu, where the first baptism and mass in Batanes was conducted. As I sat on one of the pews and prayed, I was lulled by the waves of the sea. It was so calming, refreshing, and overwhelming at the same time. My heart was dancing in joy that I finally found a place in my heart where I could just sit down, reflect, and know that God is here. I know God is everywhere, but this place, somehow found a way to my heart that made me sure that HE is with me and HE hears me.
While we were touring around the famous House of Dakay (the oldest stone house in Batanes), I met THE Mandy Navasero of Inquirer! I was surprised to learn she was from Los Banos (I absent-mindedly wrote "UP Los Banos" as our address in the Dakay guestbook, and not long after, I heard her name calling from the crowd "Who's from UPLB!?"). She was so kind enough to take a photo of me and Tatay, and even signed off her name on my notebook. She was such a nice person and I told her I wish I could take one of the Photography classes. She was so nice and accommodating, she asked for my email and she gave her mobile number. What can I say, I felt starstruck!
The places we visited in the South Batan was so overwhelmingly beautiful, I decided to leave some details off this blog, to entice more people to go and see Batanes. But one thing I can tell: My Batanes trip was simply meant to be, it happened at the right time and we were rewarded with the perfect weather, a happy company, and met new interesting people.
Day 4: Downtime with more treasure finds
We didn't have any arranged tour for this day, so Tatay and I decided to bike around town. We went back to Basco Lighthouse, and tried to take more photos (we can never have enough photos!). On our way back, we decided to stop by a three week old coffee place, called Phil's Brew. Phil's Brew is owned by Ms. Imee Amboy. The place is her tribute to her late father, who is an Ivatan. Imee moved to Minadanao in the 90s, but went back to Batanes recently, as her father wanted to refurbish their ancestral house. She points at me a water tank that still has the foundation from 1800s. "My father just refurbished some areas, but, the big stones found at the bottom of the water tank have been preserved," she says proudly.
Phil's Brew offers a unique concept of embodying the Ivatan endearing culture, while patronizing the local products. Her delectable Malunggay cookies (3pcs for 25 pesos) are so delicious which goes best with her signature blend coffee. She has a lot of stories to tell, and speaks so eloquently about Ivatan culture as if she has lived here all her life. As you enter the store, there's a signage that explains that this is an almost "Do-it-yourself" coffee shop: a One-woman-show, that's Imee who prepares and serves coffee. She rings the bell on the counter when it's ready for pick – up and she expects the customer to buzz the table. "So far, I'm happy how the guests are being participative of this rule," she says. I told her, that it's not hard to follow, since it follows the principle of the famous Honesty Coffee Shop at the Ivana Port.
Her principle is to patronize the local products, leveraging the underrated talent of her neighborhood. Asked where she got the Malunggay cookies, she told me, "from my neighbor who bakes it so well, I wanted her products to get famous." The basket that contains her home made sardines are made by a group of elderly women who weaves baskets "I would like to give them another potential source of income," she said. Putting up a coffee shop was one of the new things she ventured out, to recuperate from the loss of her father. She feels hopeful about her new adventure, after taking a hiatus from her work in the development field. She admits she's new in the business, but remains hopeful that eventually, beautiful things will take shape. I remain hopeful that this coffee shop would add more value to the already known Ivatan culture, which I admire. We exchanged more stories and opinions, and I told her about my new found appreciation about the people in Batanes. She proudly says that the children are brought up to be courteous, they even do the "Mano" to the elders, regardless if they are a relative or not. She was like a long lost mentor, another find where I could just open up my heart, to a friend, and carry a conversation like we're just catching up on our lives.
Batanes does not only boast about the pristine beaches, stunning mountain views, and rolling hills. It simply overflows with sincere beauty – not just in places, but in people. My 4 nights, 5 days stay is not enough, because other than the place, you can have a chat with the locals as if you've known them for a long time. Even the strangers I met from Manila are very pleasant, that it strips off the typical Manila vibe (busy, rushing, impatient, dirty, which I know masks a lot of beautiful good people, but never came across because the place intimidates me a lot) that I associated with, for the longest time. There are instances that I associate a place with the kind of people I meet, and vice versa, sometimes mutually exclusive, but seldom inclusive. But, visiting Batanes opened up my eyes, that it is part of reality to have such a place where beauty in people and the place coexists, and sometimes, they do not also come in mutually inclusive package.
I realized that we are all just the same. We share the principle of having simple joys, hopes, and aspirations. We just needed a place to converge, a meeting place to strip off a bit of our soul, and exchange stories. Batanes provided a platform for us to converge and realize that we all aim for a hopeful, vibrant, and refreshing "restart."
Going to Batanes is like a opening a Pandora box, a wonder within a wonder within a wonder. Each time you open, you seem to like more what you discover. As we set off back to Manila, we could not contain our gratefulness to Sir Mon, Ma'am Crisan, and Jessie. To top it all, he gave us a copy of Ivatan Cultural Studies Journal. What more can you ask for? And yes, I'm going back to Batanes, to search for more words to describe it. For one trip is never enough. After all, my father promised to bring our gracious host a box of buko pie next time.


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Monday, March 03, 2008
'Tis Election Day!
So, we're straggling off to the polls today through the remnants of a late-winter/early-spring snowfall. Well, in all likelihood, something less than 50% of registered voters are doing that. It's provincial election day here, and this time, there's actually some interest in what the results are going to be! The Tories will be ecstatic if their majority grows, or at least doesn't shrink too much (except the legion of Tories who hate Ed Stelmach - they're hoping for disaster, but not enough of a disaster to cost them any real power). The Liberals will call it a success if they increase their seat count, and they'll be over the moon if they could actually force the Tories into a minority government. I don't the NDP are going to be happy at all; they're trailing the Liberals in most places, and will be lucky to hang on to what they've got. The Wildrose Alliance thingy will be happy if everybody in the rest of Canada dies. And the Alberta Greens will be pleased if somebody just notices them.
My prediction - Tory majority, again, with perhaps some modest gains by the Liberals. I see the NDP keeping roughly the same number of seats. The Wildrose Alliance folks could double their seat-count, which would give them two (is the era of Link Byfield, MLA, upon us?). The Greens will continue to get no love in this neck of the woods.
Posted by Bazz at 12:56 p.m.
Labels: Alberta, Canada, Election Guides
1 comment:
- RANJEET YADAV said...
very good ..i like this field....histiry of any things
- 3:47 a.m.
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In the News: September 8-14, 2016
Sg2 is dedicated to helping our clients interpret the latest news and trends in health care. Below you'll find our analysis of this week's key industry headlines, along with links to related Sg2 resources.
ACA Health Insurance Expansion Impacts Consumers' Costs
The Commonwealth Fund released a study on the impact that the ACA health insurance exchanges have had on out-of-pocket costs and premiums for consumers. Consumers in states with the greatest increase in enrollment in their ACA marketplaces saw the greatest decline in out-of-pocket and premium spending relative to before the ACA. The reductions were most impactful for those with incomes between 250% and 399% of the federal poverty level, those who were eligible for subsidies, and those who were previously uninsured. Despite these advances, premium increases and cost sharing continue to place a strain on consumers, as health care expenditures make up a significant amount of consumer spending. This study found that the median US family spent nearly 11% of its income on health care, with total out-of-pocket expenses exceeding $5,000.
Read the Sg2 report Engaging the New Health Care Consumer to learn more about the rise of consumerism in health care and the increased attention that consumers are paying to health care costs.
CMS Proposes More Options for Clinicians Under MACRA
On September 8, CMS indicated that they will double the number of options for clinicians under the Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA), at least for the first performance year. Under the proposed rule released in April, CMS had proposed 2 options—Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) and advanced Alternative Payment Model (aAPM) Incentives—to adjust clinician payment for Medicare Part B items and services. With the new announcement, there will now be the following 4 options in 2017 to avoid 2019 negative payment adjustments:
- Option 1: Submit some data in 2017. Clinicians choosing this option will not be eligible for positive payment adjustments.
- Option 2: Submit partial year data across all MIPS performance categories for 2017. Clinicians choosing this option are eligible for "small" positive payment adjustments.
- Option 3: Submit full calendar year data across all MIPS performance categories for 2017. Clinicians choosing this option are eligible for "modest" positive payment adjustments.
- Option 4: Qualify for aAPM Incentives by participating in aAPM(s) and meet thresholds for percent of revenue tied to an aAPM. Clinicians qualifying for this option receive a 5% lump sum bonus payment in 2019.
*Clinicians who do not report any data for 2017 may be subject to negative adjustments for their Medicare Part B payment rates in 2019.
While there is some uncertainty around the details of implementation for MACRA until the release of the Final Rule this fall, clinicians should prepare for this overhaul of Medicare Part B payment. For more on MACRA, listen to Sg2's Understanding MACRA: Key Implications for Physicians and Hospitals webinar and join us at noon CT on September 20 for the latest installment of the MACRA Deep Dive series, focusing on aAPMs.
CMS Modifies and Reopens Track 1 of Accountable Health Communities Model
On September 8, CMS announced a new Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) for Track 1 of the AHC model. Back in January, CMS announced the Accountable Health Communities (AHC) model—a first-of-a-kind, $133 million funding opportunity—for "bridging organizations" to connect Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries to community services that address their social and economic needs. The original FOA for the AHC Model closed on May 18. In the recent announcement, CMS modified Track 1 of the AHC model to be more appealing to applicants by "reducing the annual number of beneficiaries applicants are required to screen from 75,000 to 53,000; and by increasing the maximum funding amount per award recipient from $1 million to $1.17 million over 5 years." The modified Track 1 AHC model is open to all applicants, and previous applicants to the AHC model would need to re-apply to be considered for the modified Track 1 AHC model. The new FOA will accept applications at www.grants.gov (FOA # CMS-1P1-17-002) until November 3, 2016.
The AHC model is an opportunity to begin investing in the foundational infrastructure for population health. To learn more about the AHC model, see the updated Sg2 expert insight New Funding Opportunity Connects Community Services to Health Systems.


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Sugar Loaf Mountain Nature Trail is a 2.5 mile moderately trafficked loop trail located near Higden, Arkansas that features a lake and is rated as moderate. The trail is primarily used for hiking, birding, and canoeing and is accessible year-round. Dogs are also able to use this trail but must be kept on leash.
dogs on leash
kid friendly
paddle sports
wild flowers
Directions from Heber Springs: This trail is located on an island in Greers Ferry Lake. It is accessible by boat from State 337 at Sugarloaf Recreation Area on the south and Ark. 330 at Van Buren Recreation Area on the north.
A decent hike, not much to see. It's a very manicured setting, so no ticks to worry about, but also little to no wildlife to see. If you're in decent shape this is not moderate, this is an easy trail/nature walk.
. Strenuous uphill hike. Nice view at the top.
fairly strenuous hike. when starting at boat dock, go left at first trail junction to get to mule trail, the other end of mule trail (if you go to the right) is closed, not sure why no one else has mentioned this, awesome views from the top
Fun ferry ride over with the family and great way to spend a couple of hours. Views around the top are worth the hike. Take advantage of restrooms before heading out and pack waters
pleasant strenuous hike. had a great encounter with eagle at the top. wish I could get the camera working so I had a picture.
Great beginner hike!!
Fun hike!
This is a nice moderate hike - great view from rock bluffs on both ends of the island. For a great activity kayak over from Fairfield Bay Marina to dock where trail starts.
My 4yr granddaughter Aubrie loved it . Awesome trip to the top !!! Beautiful view so far from any other trips .
Great hike for beginners. Involves some climbing but worth the view.
Cool little trail. If Coming from the Marina, the dock is on the other side of the island. You'll understand what I mean by that if you make the same mistake I did! Lol
Great, amazing view once you make it to the top. Something worth trying.
This was a great kayak and hike. make sure you go all the way to the top and follow the trail all the way to the other end of the mountain to get two great views. It's not an easy trail!
I love hiking sugarloaf, it's one of those childhood things that has followed me into adulthood! I would however like to point out that there are two sugarloaf mountains in heber and these photos consist of both of them. They are two different mountains! The one with water in the background is out in the middle of the lake and the one that it shows the crack of is on land. So don't get confused when you get to the top and it looks completely different, lol! Both are exceptional hikes for all ages!
This trail actually consists of two trails, the Mule Trail and the Terrace Trail that meet up. We hiked both trails this time, and this was our second time to do the Mule Trail. Spring is a pretty time to go, but the top of the mountain seems to stay lush in the summer as well. We went on a wet day, but missed the rain while there.
The Mule Trail is a very steep, strenuous trail to the top of Sugar Loaf Mountain (which is on an island). It leads up steep staircases built next to the rock to great views of Greers Ferry Lake/Fairfield Bay. The trail goes across the plateau on top to the far end for more views, then you double back.
The Terrace Trail circles around midway up the mountain. It goes through the forest with not much view of the water, but the mossy green rocks and clear forest floor make it a lovely hike. This part is easy-moderate with the trail being pretty level the entire way around.
To get to the island, you need to either have your own boat or take a shuttle boat from Fairfield Bay Marina (a little pricey unless you have a group).
Wow - such beautiful views of the lake and such a unique setting! You can only get to it by boat - I paddled my kayak from the closest boat launch on the lake to Sugar Loaf Mountain and hiked to the top. Well-maintained trail makes for an easy hike aside from the fairly steep climb on the way up. There are a few benches along the way for those wanting a break. The vistas atop the summit bluffs are just amazing. This is one I will want to do again for sure.
As a college student, my friends and I make a regular habit of visiting the The top of Sugarloaf to sit talk and watch the sun rise. It is a beautiful place that is close to my heart and definitely worth a visit.Be careful taking young ones up there it can be quite dangerous if you are not paying attention
there is a crevice We used last summer to reach the top, but has since washed in. We still enjoy the hike, and the hidden pond. great family excursion. excellent view from top
Well I'm confused as to these reviews bc sugarloaf is not Located in an Island in the lake. it's Located behind the asu general campus. it's a great little hike easy for all ages. I took my 4 and 7 year old yesterday. they went as far as the base of the bluffs. last summer there was a crevice We used to r
Incredible lake views from this island trail. Must have a boat to get to trailhead. Prepare for a hike. Do not go in swimsuit and flip flops. This is a fairly serious hike but is worth the effort. There is a small dock at the trailhead.
Fun hike, great lake views. Must boat over to trail head. Lots of flora and fauna along the way. Be sure to take water and good shoes, not just wear your bathing suit and flip flops like we did!


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A faction of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) in Adamawa State yesterday threatened to expel Governor Murtala Nyako.
Nyako and PDP National Chairman Alhaji Bamanga Tukur are at daggers drawn.
There are two executives of the party in the state – one loyal to Tukur and the other to Nyako.
Nyako is also a member of PDP G-5 governors who are opposed to the running of the party by the current leadership. They are also unhappy about the way the PDP is handling the Rivers chapter crisis.
The governors visited Rivers State Governor Rotimi Amaechi. They also took the matter to former leaders Generals Ibrahim Babangida and Abdulsalami Abubakar.
Yesterday, the Chairman of the Tukur faction of Admawa PDP, Chief Joel Madaki, gave Nyako and his loyalist 14 days to revalidate their membership of the party or be expelled.
Madaki, at a news conference in Yola, said register had been opened at the ward; local and state levels for elected representatives to revalidate their membership. Failure to do so, he said, would lead to their membership being discarded.
Nyako's supporters and members of his administration are believed to have headed for the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP).
Madaki said: "Failure on the part of the elected representatives to sign the register within 14 days from the date of this announcement will leave the party with no alternative than declare their seats vacant," he said.
According to him, the councillors are to revalidate their membership at their ward party offices. Council chairmen are to go to their local government Party offices and members of the House of Assembly and National Assembly are to revalidate their membership at the state party secretariat.
He warned elected representatives of the party to defend their mandate by abiding by the revalidation programme.
"We wish to assure all our elected representatives elected on the platform of the party that we shall take proactive measures to protect their mandates with all the might at our disposal as a political party," Madaki said.
"It is no pretence that Nyako has since instructed his loyalists to move to another party and maintaining that he is still in PDP," Madaki added.
However, the secretary of the faction loyal to Nyako, Hon P.P Elisha, said the allegations of the Madaki group does not hold water and amounts to a nullity because the Madaki's faction is not constitutionally recognised to embark on an illegal mission of revalidating party membership.
According to him, Section 29 of the PDP Constitution stipulates that the National Executive Council (NEC) and the National Working Committee (NWC) are the only organs vested with the responsibility of conducting membership revalidation.
Elisha said the Madaki faction was used to operating with impunity. "There is nowhere in the party Constitution that warrants someone to warn people and give them deadline to leave the party."
He said it was wrong for anyone to allege that Nyako and his men were trying to leave the party. "The problem with them is that they cannot understand simple English."
Elisha said what Nyako meant was that he would revive the party but if the National Secretariat insisted on doing illegality in the party he will help to bury the party. He maintained that Nyako and his teeming supporters are still in the PDP.
The national chairman of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) yesterday took a swipe at Adamawa State Governor Murtala Nyako over what the chairman described as the governors insolence.
Nyako, through the Secretary to the Adamawa State Government had called to question the leadership capability of the party chairman, saying his continued stay in office would kill the party.


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LaGuardia Community College's Instructional Services and Media Distribution Department offers a wide variety of Technologies that are available to Faculty, Staff, and student body. Ranging from Smart Rooms to academic classrooms, open labs, and multimedia technologies for a learning environment. There are 232 Smart Classrooms, 24 Academic Labs, a Development Center for Faculty and Staff, three event spaces providing setup as an interactive meeting space, and several types of teaching aids for classes.
Our Smart Classrooms are all over campus, and can be found with the latest hardware and software. ISMD is here for any special requests that you may have in software requirements. For instructions on how to access the Smart Computer in your classroom and a full list, please visit Smart Classrooms.
We also have 24 Academic Labs on campus spread throughout campus in all four buildings, each either running on Windows or Macintosh operating systems. They are also loaded with the latest software and hardware on the market. For instructions on how to request these classrooms and a list of academic rooms, please visit Academic Classrooms.
LaGuardia's Development Center is set a side just for faculty and staff, affording them computer access in a private working space in which they can accomplish tasks that students may not be privy to , such as test creation or grading, research for an exam that is being given, and other non-class work. This Development Center is just for faculty and staff, and it is asked that you obey this so that fellow colleagues may accomplish there work with a clear mindset. For schedule of when this room is open and available please visit, Development Center.
ISMD is in charge of three multimedia event meeting rooms, all with Internet access, and setup for presentation demonstrations. For a list of what can be found in each room please visit, Event Spaces.
For professors that are looking to spice up their teaching practices with the innovative teaching aids that ISMD offers, such as a Document Camera, Nomad, Clickers, People On Content Software, MimoTeach Technology, ITunes University, Audacity, Windows Movie Maker, and IMovie please take a look at our Teaching Aids For Class Page. You may find your next Teaching Assistant is a piece of technology.
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You Gotta Read a Lot of Books to Write a Book
I may have mentioned that I wrote a book that came out a week ago. Can I interest you in purchasing one?
The book in question is largely a history of malaria (and the quinine that cures the disease), as quinine was discovered around 1630 in Peru, and people were not drinking Gin & Tonics recreationally until the mid-1800s in India. There are a lot of years in there.
So instead of researching a million cocktail books as I do most of the time, I read a million history-of-disease books. The amazing thing is that none of them address tonic water, except for passing mentions. So then I had to read a million product ads in historical medical journals. And books on botany by 19th Century South American explorers. And then books on gin and classic cocktail books.
It was awesome, and I'm falling in love with the history of science and medicine. I guess this is just a long intro to show off the number of books I've read (well this is some of them anyway) on in order to write my little sub-100 page tonic water book.
I haven't finished all of these - the history of chemistry books I'm really looking forward to, as I want to better understand the history of carbonation and the understanding and development of air and gas science.
But that's why you're buying the book (you are buying the book, aren't you?), to help support my further research into the history of this amazing cocktail, and all the science behind it.
Hooray for books! Hooray for smarter drinking!


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"Then the manna ceased on the day after they had eaten the produce of the land; and the children of Israel no longer had manna, but they ate the food of the land of Canaan that year." (Joshua 5:12 NKJV).
The longest miracle recorded in the Bible is the daily rain of manna in the wilderness for forty years to sustain the children of Israel in the wilderness while they were journeying to the Promised Land.
The Scripture records that: "the children of Israel ate manna forty years, until they came to an inhabited land; they ate manna until they came to the border of the land of Canaan." (Exo. 16:35 NKJV).
Obviously, God didn't intend for the children of Israel to live on the "miracle-food" (manna) all the days of their lives. It was only meant to be a temporary sustenance for them in their time of crisis.
Similarly, in our times of crises God will gladly give us the miracles we need to deliver us or sustain us temporarily, but He does not intend for us or expect us to live on miracles for the rest of our lives.
God's best for His children is not some miracles but His blessings. Sadly, many believers today are only seeking for miracles, and not eternal blessings in Christ.
Although the daily rain of "the miracle food" (manna) was an awesome display of God's glory goodness and greatness, yet there were some limitations to it (Exo. 16:7-8).
Let us consider some of these limitations.
First, there was time restriction to the collection of manna:
The manna was given only in the morning and can only be gathered in the morning. Anyone who fails to go out in the morning to pick his portion of the manna will find nothing later.
The Scripture records: "So they gathered it every morning, every man according to his need. And when the sun became hot, it melted." (Exo. 16:21 NKJV).
Likewise, miracles are time-sensitive. If you miss your time of miracle, you may never have it again or you may have to wait for a long time for another time of divine visitation. The Lord Jesus Christ wept over Jerusalem because she missed her time of divine visitation and yet she didn't know it (Luke 19:41-44).
Second, the collection of manna was a daily exercise because it could not be preserved till the next day except for the Sabbath day:
Moses instructed the people, saying, "Let no one leave any of it till morning." Notwithstanding they did not heed Moses. But some of them left part of it until morning, and it bred worms and stank. And Moses was angry with them." (Exo. 16:19-20 NKJV).
But, when they entered the Promised Land, they ate the produce or food of the land whenever they wanted and could also preserve it as long as they wanted.
God's ultimate desire and plan for His children is not to constantly seek for miracles, but to constantly, consistently and continuously enjoy or walk in His blessings.
Unlike miracles, God's blessings are generational in nature. You can pass down God's blessing to your children and to your great grand children like the Patriarchs of old did.
Third, the daily gathering of manna was according to need:
The people were not permitted to gather the manna beyond their daily and specific need.
Moses instructed the people, saying, "This is the thing which the LORD has commanded: 'Let every man gather it according to each one's need, one omer for each person, according to the number of persons; let every man take for those who are in his tent.'" (Exo. 16:16 NKJV).
Those who attempted to gather much more than the measure specified eventually had nothing left over.
The Scripture records: "So when they measured it by omers, he who gathered much had nothing left over, and he who gathered little had no lack. Every man had gathered according to each one's need." (Exo. 16:18 NKJV).
Miracles are always just enough to meet your specific need or to bring you out of a specific crisis. Afterwards, you will still need another miracle or even more miracles to survive. This is why miracle is not God's best for you.
God delights in blessing you with abundance so that you can have much more than enough for you and your household's needs and then become a blessing to others (Gen 12:1-3, 1 Chro. 29:16).
Beloved, God's best for you is His blessings and not miracles. To have God's blessing is infinitely bigger and better than having some miracles. While miracles are awesome, spectacular, and supernatural display of God's glory and power, yet God does not intend for you to live on miracles daily.
The purpose of Christ's death on the cross is not just for you to receive some occasional miracles in times of crises, but to make you a joint-heir of God's blessing with Christ and thus walk in God's blessing everyday of your life.
The Scripture testifies:
"Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us (for it is written, "Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree"), that the blessing of Abraham might come upon the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith." (Gal. 3:13-14 NKJV).
"There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus. And if you are Christ's, then you are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise." (Gal. 3:28-29 NKJV).
"Therefore you are no longer a slave but a son, and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ." (Gal. 4:7 NKJV).
Beloved, in Christ Jesus you are already blessed with every spiritual blessing.
The Scripture affirms: "Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ." (Eph. 1:3 NKJV).
Therefore, stop running from one prayer meeting to another, or from one prophet to another seeking for some miracles; rather settle down to prayerfully and diligently search and study God's Word to know, understand, appropriate and possess by faith the things that have been freely given to you by God at Christ's expense.
Friend, while miracles can deliver you from crises, blessings will keep you from crises!
As seen in the case of the manna (the miracle food) the children of Israel received for forty years, miracles can hardly satisfy, they are barely enough, they might not endure, and they cannot be passed down from one generation to another.
That is why God has given you something far better, bigger, greater, more satisfying, enduring or generational in Christ. The Bible refers to it as: "every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in Christ." (Eph. 1:3 NKJV).
Don't settle for anything less than God's blessing for you in Christ!
Prayer: Dear Heavenly Father, thank You for blessing me with every spiritual blessing in Christ. Dear Holy Spirit, help and teach me to know how to appropriate, possess and enjoy all the good things that God has freely given to me in Christ, in Jesus' name. Amen.


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Gdt at his worst
GDT at his best!
All sugar water here. A placebo movie. Miss it!
A very imaginative and suspenseful film. Great artistic work. It appears that one very young and uneducated viewer has chosen to "pan" this film by entering dozens of negative reviews. Notice his/her grammar, word choice and use of expletives etc. There should be a way to prevent people from entering more than one or two reviews. What a hateful person! Ignore these reviews. Go see this movie. You will be enchanted. Instead of an R rating, this movie should have been rated IQ 100 or more to keep insensitive dummies out of the theater.
Waterlogged and overbaked. It sucks.
Creature from the black lagoon meets Linda Lovelace. Wish I would have gone to a different show.
Loved it as much as Pan's Labyrinth.
I liked this movie a lot but as much as Pan's Labyrinth. That's still better.
Hollywood pandering to the masses in such a wonderful way!! Great job here!
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Dozens of alleged drug dealers in Alamance County were arrested and charged early Thursday morning as part of an undercover law enforcement operation.
Initiated by the Alamance County Sheriff�s Office, Operation Snowflake began in July 2012 to target �street level� dealers, said Sheriff Terry Johnson.
He said the name of the operation was a play on �snow,� a nickname for cocaine, as well as a reference to the time of year.
�I hope the magistrates put enough bond on them so they can see the snow fall out the window of the jail at Christmas,� Johnson said.
At 5 a.m. Thursday, officers from more than 10 local, state and federal agencies executed arrest and search warrants they had taken out for 68 individuals on 228 felony and 115 misdemeanor charges.
�We all know a drug problem in this county has affected every one of our districts,� Johnson said to a courtroom full of law enforcement officers early Thursday, before teams were sent out to begin making arrests. �We�ve got to stop what�s going on in our county with the drug dealers.�
Of the 68, Johnson said, 18 people were habitual felons, or those who have been previously convicted at least three times of felony offenses.
In addition to deputies from the Sheriff�s Office, officers assisted from Burlington, Elon, Gibsonville, Graham, Haw River and Mebane police departments along with Elon University Campus Police, N.C. Alcohol Law Enforcement, the N.C. Department of Revenue, the U.S. Marshals Task Force, the Alamance City-County Gang Task Force and the FBI Safe Streets Task Force.
Johnson said since July 2012, undercover officers have purchased a variety of illegal substances from the dealers, including powder and crack cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine, LSD, non-tax-paid alcohol and prescription drugs.
As of Thursday evening, officers had arrested 38 of the 65 wanted persons, said Randy Jones, public information officer for the Sheriff�s Office.
�We may not stop the flow of drugs this time, but we�re going to scare the heck out of them,� Johnson said during the briefing, before the arrests began.
Pat Nadolski, Alamance County District Attorney, told law enforcement officers during the briefing that his office would take the charges seriously.
�If they qualify, we will indict them,� Nadolski said. �That means it�ll take them off the street for significantly longer than just a simple sale of cocaine. Hopefully you won�t see them for a while.�
Later in the day, at a news conference, Nadolski said if convicted, depending on the charges and a suspect�s record, some could be sentenced to up to seven or eight years in prison.
Johnson said throughout Operation Snowflake, his office discovered a resurgence in the sale of methamphetamine and LSD, which he said had virtually disappeared from the streets for years but were �making a comeback here in Alamance County.�
Johnson and Jones said while some people believe law enforcement should concentrate their efforts on drug traffickers, they think it�s important to remove dealers from the street.
�People say we need to be getting the big guys, but these are the ones who people in the community come in contact with, and who people see on the street corners, or who are selling to their kids of grandkids,� Jones said.
Upon being brought back to the Sheriff�s Office, suspects were taken into interview rooms to be questioned by investigators. Johnson said some were cooperative in providing information and others weren�t, but that his office would follow leads to �apprehend other drug dealers in Alamance County.�
He said that additional charges against drug dealers are forthcoming in the operation.


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Hudson teen sentenced to six months in jail in sexploitation case
The second of three young men charged in a sexploitation case involving the cell phone recording of sexual activity with an young woman at an underage drinking party in 2011 has been sentenced.
Brandon William Brown, 19, Hudson, was sentenced to six months in jail, to be served two months in each of the next three years while he is serving probation.
Brown pleaded guilty to felony sexploitation and entered a deferred judgment agreement in the case on Oct. 2. He pleaded no contest in three misdemeanor counts of fourth-degree sex assault as party to a crime last Thursday (Dec. 19).
Judge Scott Needham also ordered Brown to perform 80 hours of community service, submit a DNA sample, participate in a sexual deviance program and adolescent sex offender treatment and submit to random drug and alcohol testing.
Brown was also sentenced to probation for three years, and concurrent jail time and community service on a conviction for felony possession of THC from a Sept. 9, 2012, incident in North Hudson.
Alexander Freedom Gove, 18, Hudson, charged in the same incident, was scheduled for a three-day trial Feb. 26-28.
A third defendant, Daniel Edward Karlovich, 18, pleaded no contest to two misdemeanor counts of disorderly conduct Feb. 27, 2012.
He was sentenced to probation for one year and ordered to pay $1,000 restitution plus court costs and supervision costs.
Both Karlovich and Brown were ordered to truthfully testify in any companion case.
The criminal complaint alleged Karlovich, Brown and Gove attended the party Sept. 25, 2011, and were involved in taking cell phone photos of sexually explicit conduct they participated in with a 17-year-old girl.
Gove is charged with felony sexploitation of a person under 18 and felony second-degree sex assault of an intoxicated victim.


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Blonde Roast Ground Coffee. Tasting Notes: Mellow & Soft. Enjoy with: An after-dinner dessert and a balcony view. Origin: Latin America A mellow blend with a soft and friendly disposition. Blonde Roast coffees have a lighter body and mellow flavors. Roasting this blend of specially chosen Latin American beans for a shorter time allows the delicate nuances of soft cocoa and lightly toasted nuts to blossom. Mellow and flavorful, this coffee brews a delightfully gracious cup that s perfect for welcoming friends. With its calm and laid-back character, this coffee pays homage to the art of porch-sitting. Named for th.see more...
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your dream team
Some couples (somewhat irreverently) just go it alone. You can see why: a hoard of irregularly shaped friends, cousins and siblings in mix-and-match silks and accessories, cluttering up the occasion and doing nothing of any great use, could be at odds with a couple's idyllic nuptial vision.
But they could be missing out. The system of best man and ushers, maid of honour and bridesmaids can be one of the most effective – and enjoyable – of all wedding traditions. You just need to bring it bang up to date. Only the tiniest weddings run smoothly without the support of a small army and on the day, you want to be bride and groom, not administrative officers, so delegation is vital.
Today we're going to focus on a bride's most trusted helpers; her bridesmaids.
Traditional duties: Besides cooperating with dress fittings and being decorative, bridesmaids are there to support the bride and maid of honour in her responsibilities above, follow them up the aisle and down again, look after younger attendants and accompany ushers.
- Modern role: Pitching in on the multitude of tasks that are general team preparations and on-the-day logistics.
- Who to choose: As many or few as you wish of your closest friends. It's customary to equal the number of ushers, for pairing up (formally or otherwise!). Don't worry about them looking nicer than you: they really won't. Again, don't appoint under pressure (no-one should expect to be a bridesmaid), but do consider everyone's feelings. And even if you're not close, asking your future sister-in-law is a nice gesture, and should help you get to know each other better.
- Style counsel: As brides get older, so do their maids, and if ever blousy or frilly frocks were a good idea, they certainly aren't now. And who says bridesmaids have to wear long dresses: what about knee-length outfits, suits, and wide, fluid trousers? As a basic rule, bridesmaids should dress as close to their own style as possible. If she'd never want to see the outfit again as long as she lives, don't make her wear it on your wedding day. I don't subscribe to the notion that being a bridesmaid is a one-way treat that must be repaid by wearing any vile thing the bride or her mother chooses. To the contrary, it can be stressful and expensive, and bridesmaids should be treated with consideration. The issue of money raises it ugly head again here (bridesmaids historically pay for their own dresses), but even if the bride is paying, is it really nice to make unwelcome demands in return? Bridesmaids, in turn, need to be accommodating, though!
The designs of many modern bridesmaids' dresses, are thankfully grown up, simple and elegant. Or for a thoroughly modern approach, why not:
- Choose a single colour: a natural halfway house, everyone simply chooses their most flattering silhouette, but all in the same colour. Bring the look together with matching pashminas and kitten heels.
- For a very unstructured wedding, simply pick a style or role model: Say 'trouser suits', or 'Oscar night', then have just one unifying factor, such as a wrap, or buttonhole.
- Go for black: it really does make for the most elegant line-up.
- Put all the bridesmaids in the same dress, but in a set of harmonious shades – such as coffee, chocolate and cream.
- Accessorise with greatest caution: if you find yourself giving serious thought to Dorothy bags, give yourself a serious talking to, instead.
Featured image courtesy of www.stylemepretty.com
Great advice – it's nice to see a quick overview of the traditional roles and a proper explanation of modern roles for bridesmaids.
I recently read a wedding magazine article which ended with "bridesmaids should do as they're told – it's your day after all"!
It's refreshing and useful to see what it's really all about. Great post :-)
Claire x


text: U.S. Postal Service ad to salute Tour de France's Armstrong Published on July 30, 1999. Tour de France's ArmstrongThe U.S. Postal Service, which sponsored Lance Armstrong's Tour de France cycling team, tomorrow launches page ads in several major papers congratulating the cyclist on his victory. The ads from Foote, Cone & Belding, New York, note the postal service sponsorship. They will run July 30 in The New York Times, USA Today and The Wall Street Journal, and on Aug. 2 in The Washington Post. The postal service said it's looking at doing a commemorative 50 cent stamp honoring the race.Copyright July 1999, Crain Communications Inc. Most Popular In this article: News


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Since first hearing Cajmere's effervescent "Coffee Pot (It's Time for the Percolator)" as a musically ignorant nine-year-old, I've had a soft spot for all kinds of house music. For listeners like me, the renewed interest in all things house from today's various indie artists counts as good news, particularly when it pertains to acts who show an affection for crafting authentic throwbacks to the genre's early days in the Chicago club scene. !K7 Records has taken that retrospective purity to a new level with the latest entry in their famed DJ-Kicks series, mixed by nü-disco revival outfit Hercules and Love Affair in what amounts to a double shot of stripped-down, late-'80s house worship.
Still, despite its strict adherence to traditional and relatively straightforward dance aesthetics, the album is often showy, flaunting both its nods to authenticity and an impressive showcase of the genre's low-tech production style. Solution's "Feels So Right" plays like a cut from C+C Music Factory, while the style of its jubilant vocal line suggests it's the spiritual successor to Black Box's "Everybody Everybody." Many tracks sound as if they've burst out of a time capsule from 1990: Jump Chico Slamm's slightly dirty, high hat-riding "Feel Free," for example, and the part-funk, part-sci-fi gurgle that's In Flagrant's "Magojiro," both of which add to the album's speedy, hip-swiveling clip.
As opposed to other modern house-influenced artists like SBTRKT or Azari & III, Hercules and Love Affair have a clear aversion to adding any genre-defying wrinkles to their own work. And that dedication to traditionalism is clear here as well, with few missteps: Fierce Ruling Diva's "Allemaal, Allemaal!," a diversion of awkward beats, extended lulls, and uncoordinated vocals, is one rare example of tone-deaf clumsiness. For the most part, Hercules and Love Affair have taken the clinical and disciplined style they've exhibited in dealing with relatively new material (such as their take on the xx's "Shelter") and channeled it into a crisp, near-seamless DJ mix. The result is supremely confident: a high-energy marathon of unadulterated club anthems that serves as pure musical rapture for house purists.


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LG G2 is the successor to the 2012 Optimus G and 2013 Optius G Pro. The G2 is powered by a 2.26GHz quad-core Snapdragon 800 processor, with 2GB of RAM. The IPS display of the G2 comes in at 5.2″ with a 1080p resolution. Internal storage comes in 16GB or 32GB, which is not expandable. The G2 utilizes advanced audio hardware to support 24-bit/192KHz audio. The G2 has a 13MP rear facing camera, and is powered by a non-removable 3000mAh battery.
Developers of OmniROM have started to roll out Android 5.1.1 nightlies on a regular basis. Verizon LG G2 has become the latest device to get it. If you want to install this ROM on your device, follow the guide below.


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Today's News
News releases
ISU homepage
John Jackman, Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, (515) 294-0126
Dennis Smith, Engineering Communications, (515) 294-0267
Skip Derra, News Service, (515) 294-4917
AMES, Iowa -- Faculty in Iowa State University's colleges of Engineering and Education have received a $100,000 National Science Foundation grant to research and develop new education methods for undergraduate engineers.
The project is an integral part of the department of industrial and manufacturing systems engineering's (IMSE) ongoing initiative in enterprise computing and information engineering. A recently announced $1.2 million software gift of a manufacturing execution system from Cargill Inc., will be incorporated into the effort.
The project will explore the problem-solving paths students take when performing engineering activities. A better understanding of these paths is likely to result in better performance of engineering activities, which companies look for in new graduates.
"We are going beyond traditional engineering cognitive skills to help students develop better meta-cognitive skills," said Sigurdur Olafsson, assistant professor of industrial engineering. Olafsson will lead a team of five faculty and five students from both colleges.
"This project addresses one of higher education's greatest challenges -- how to develop curricula that create coherent and integrated experiences leading to more effective student learning," adds Mary Huba of ISU's department of educational leadership and policy studies.
Ultimately, the project will produce a set of inter-related active learning modules based on real-world scenarios. These modules will emphasize the use of information technology in the engineering problem-solving process, while linking content among current courses in industrial engineering. For each scenario, students will define goals, formulate problems, and develop solution strategies while mastering course material.
"This is a really great opportunity from the students' perspectives," says Scott Adams, an undergraduate student in industrial engineering. "We're able to develop more conceptual problem-solving skills to complement our engineering background."
Ames, Iowa 50011, (515) 294-4111
Published by: University Relations,
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