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What is Citicoline ?
Citicoline Tablet is a medicine that is used for the treatment of Neurological Symptoms In Stroke, Brain Injury, Neurological Symptoms In Brain Ischemia, Alzheimer, Age Related Memory Loss, VAscular Dementia and other conditions.
Citicoline Tablet contains Citicoline As an active ingredient.
Citicoline Tablet works by increAsing the brain chemical and decreAsing the damage of brain tissues.
Detailed information related to Citicoline Tablet's uses, composition, dosage, side effects and reviews is listed below.
Citicoline Tablet Uses
Citicoline Tablet is used for the treatment, control, prevention, & improvement of the following diseAses, conditions and symptoms:
· Neurological Symptoms In Stroke
· Brain Injury
· Neurological Symptoms In Brain Ischemia
· Alzheimer
· Age Related Memory Loss
· VAscular Dementia
Citicoline Tablet Working, Mechanism of Action and Pharmacology
Citicoline Tablet improves the patient's condition by performing the following functions:
· IncreAsing the brain chemical and decreAsing the damage of brain tissues.
Citicoline Tablet - Composition and Active Ingredients
Citicoline Tablet is composed of the following active ingredients (salts)
· Citicoline
PleAse note that this medicine may be available in various strengths for each active ingredient listed above.
Citicoline Tablet - Side-effects
The following is a list of possible side effects that may occur from all constituting ingredients of Citicoline Tablet. This is not a comprehensive list. These side effects are possible, but do not always occur. Some of the side effects may be rare but serious. Consult your doctor if you observe any of the following side effects, especially if they do not go away.
· Vertigo
· Blurred Vision
· Nausea
· Hallucinations
· Vomiting
· Chest Pain
Citicoline Tablet - Precautions & How to Use
Before using this drug, inform your doctor about your current list of medications, over the counter products (e.g. vitamins, herbal supplements, etc.), allergies, pre-existing diseAses, and current health conditions (e.g. pregnancy, upcoming surgery, etc.). Some health conditions may make you more susceptible to the side effects of the drug. Take As directed by your doctor or follow the direction printed on the product insert. Dosage is bAsed on your condition. Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens. Important counseling points are listed below.
· Pregnant, planning to have baby or breAstfeeding
· Take caution if you develop allergic reactions
The most common markets for this product include the following countries. Please inquire with us if your country or region is not listed:
Asia: Afghanistan, Israel, Jordan, Pakistan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Syria, Philippines, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Yemen, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Iran, Tajikistan, etc.
Africa: South Africa, Uganda, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Botswana, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Sudan, Congo, Gambia, Ivory Coast , etc.
North & South America: USA, Canada, Panama, Trinidad and Tobago, Costa Rica, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Argentina, Guatemala, Guyana, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela , Brazil, Bahamas, Ecuador, etc .
Europe: Austria , Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom (UK) , Latvia, etc.
OCEANIA: Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, etc.
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Escitalopram Tablets
Olanzapine Tablets
Sumatriptan Tablets
Piracetam Syrup
Citicoline Sodium Injection
Venlafaxine Tablets
Fluoxetine Tablets
Piracetam Injection
Modafinil Tablets
Amitriptyline Tablets
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text: UFDC Home | Help | RSS Group Title: FIRM, flood insurance rate map, City of Saint Petersburg, Pinellas County, Florida. Panel 27 of 38. Title: Pecan culture CITATION ZOOMABLE PAGE IMAGE Full Citation STANDARD VIEW MARC VIEW Permanent Link: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00024975/00001 Material Information Title: Pecan culture a preliminary report Series Title: Bulletin University of Florida. Agricultural Experiment Station Physical Description: p. 181-211 : ill. ; 23 cm. Language: English Creator: Hume, H. Harold ( Hardrada Harold ), 1875-1965 Publisher: Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Place of Publication: Lake City Fla Publication Date: 1900 Subjects Subject: Pecan -- Florida ( lcsh ) Genre: government publication (state, provincial, terriorial, dependent) ( marcgt )non-fiction ( marcgt ) Notes Statement of Responsibility: by H. Harold Hume. General Note: Cover title. Funding: Funded in part by the University of Florida, the Florida Heritage Project of the State University Libraries of Florida, the Institute for Museum and Library Services, and the U.S. Department of Education's TICFIA granting program. Record Information Bibliographic ID: UF00024975 Volume ID: VID00001 Source Institution: University of Florida Holding Location: George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida Rights Management: All rights reserved, Board of Trustees of the University of Florida. Resource Identifier: aleph - 000920994oclc - 18155377notis - AEN1434 Related Items Other version: Alternate version (PALMM)PALMM Version Contact Us | Permissions | Preferences | Technical Aspects | Statistics | Internal | Privacy Policy © 2004 - 2010 University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries.All rights reserved. Acceptable Use, Copyright, and Disclaimer Statement Last updated October 10, 2010 - - mvs

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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"Qualifying employees to meet the DOT standards Operators require"
We represent the following great companies:
Contact us: email@example.com
PipelineOQ is a consulting professional service designed to assist your company Qualify your Employees:
- Help you identify your target Covered Tasks for the Operators you need to work for
- You provide us a list of your employees to be qualified on certain tasks
- We'll perform Assessment Exams to identify their skills and abilities
- We'll get Training Prescriptions from the Assessments
- Recommend Contren Learning Module Training Programs or Veriforce Training
- Covered Task Performance Verifications and Evaluations
- We'll help get your ISNetworld account going and set up your program
- We can write industry specific Safety Programs for your company, with your name and logo on them
- We can upload them into RAVS and audit them or help your representative audit them.
- We'll show you how to begin a Training program in T-RAVS
- Veriforce made simple by our process and instructions. We can help.
- All you have to do is keep good and accurate records
904 - 378- 6563 tel 904- 353-5500 fax firstname.lastname@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com
- Assistance with Veriforce and setting up your Company's program is a simple matter for us and a matter of your representative supplying us with the necessary information in confidence, in a partnership, so that we can upload all of the necessary information to get you started and on the path to compliance. We like to work with your company personnel and train them to work with Veriforce and learn to use the program and its many resources to your benefit. We can show you, get you involved, supervise you while you practice the administrative tasks, and then check in once in a while to make shure you are compliant and completing the administrative steps correctly.
- Compliance and Integrity the cornerstone of our work and the basis of our service to you as our client. We will help you gain OQ compliance and will direct you towards 100% compliance, however, there are NO SHORTCUTS and there are no legal means of gaining compliance without meeting the criteria set forth by the pipeline operators. Knowing this in advance, and knowing the rules of the DOT OQ program are our advantage.
- With this knowledge and the integrity of the Veriforce and NCCER programs and the absolute capabilities of our partnering associations with ISNetworld, etc., we can show you how to meet these requirements one step at a time and gain compliance.
PipelineOQ.com is a division of MESCO-Offshore.com in Jacksonville, Florida and operates throughout the USA, Central and South America, Canada and Internationally. Information on this site is copyrighted 2010. All rights enforced.


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Navy ditches PowerPoint, brings in actors to battle sexual assault
Navy ditches PowerPoint, brings in actors to battle sexual assault
YOKOSUKA NAVAL BASE, Japan — The Navy is revamping its approach to combating sexual assault in its presentation to sailors and potentially in the way it monitors the accused.
Lectures with bullet points on large screens are being sidelined in favor of actors role-playing the tough issues, as 7th Fleet sailors at Yokosuka saw Tuesday and Wednesday during programs that addressed themes like victim retaliation and male-on-male sexual assault.
Scenarios included a sailor being ostracized by friends and peers for reporting a rape, and a sailor struggling to reconcile a childhood sexual assault with his ideas of traditional masculinity.
Using Pure Praxis, a California-based theater group contracted by the Navy since 2015, is more time-consuming and expensive — but also more effective, said Jill Loftus, director of the Navy's Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office.
Sailors who spoke with Stars and Stripes following the performances generally agreed that the actors gave the issues more emotional resonance.
"I've been in the Navy 13 years and it's all been PowerPoint," said Petty Officer 1st Class Roberto Coriano, a ship's serviceman at Yokosuka's Naval Supply Fleet Logistics Center. "Bringing [the training] on stage, it makes you think about it more. [Sailors] see the real thing on stage.
Read more at: http://www.stripes.com/1.454055


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|Workshop on Automation
The Malta Chamber of Commerce, Enterprise and Industry, and the University of Malta, are organising a Workshop on the Use of Automation in the Maltese Manufacturing Industry, at the Malta Chamber of Commerce, Enterprise and Industry, Exchange Buildings, Valletta, on Wednesday 8 April 2008, 9am to 3pm. This full day workshop is part of AUTOMATE, a project funded under the National Research and Innovation Programme through the Malta Council of Science and Technology.
The workshop will involve the participation of managerial, technical and business representatives who have involvement / interest / experience in manufacturing automation, from companies / institutions throughout the entire Maltese manufacturing sector, and has the objective of enabling two-way communication between the project team and the Maltese manufacturing industry on the topic of how best to advance the use of automation in this important industrial sector.
The morning sessions will contain important information and research results set out in the local context, while the main afternoon session will consist of an open discussion of local barriers to the effective implementation of automation, and on how these may be overcome.
Details and registration form can be found at
|Last Updated on Monday, 20 April 2009 14:30


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Follow This Company
A Process Engineer plans and conducts experiments to fully characterize the process throughout the development cycle pathfinding, discovery, definition, and development, and high volume manufacturing ramp. Drives improvements on quality, reliability, cost, yield, process stability and/or capability, productivity and safety and/or ergonomic over variables such as material, method, equipment, environment and operating personnel.
The ideal candidate should exhibit the following behavioral traits:
You must possess the below minimum qualifications to be initially considered for this position. Experience listed below would be obtained through a combination of your school work/classes/research and/or relevant previous job and/or internship experiences.
Minimum Qualifications:
Preferred Qualifications:
As the world's largest chip manufacturer, Intel strives to make every facet of semiconductor manufacturing state-of-the-art -- from semiconductor process development and manufacturing, through yield improvement to packaging, final test and optimization, and world class Supply Chain and facilities support. Employees in the Technology and Manufacturing Group are part of a worldwide network of design, development, manufacturing, and assembly/test facilities, all focused on utilizing the power of Moore's Law to bring smart, connected devices to every person on Earth
Intel (NASDAQ: INTC), the world leader in silicon innovation, develops technologies, products and initiatives to continually advance how people work and live.


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Facebook ads & online marketing
Orçamento $10-30 CAD
Someone to create a marketing campaign, timeline, create ads, manage the ads, assisting with planning for a retreat (large ticket item).
Bonus if you can help create email automation.
23 freelancers estão ofertando em média $77 para esse trabalho
Hello, Greetings from #TLN. I'm a highly motivated internet marketing professional offering several years of experience in advertising on a multitude of digital platforms and social media networks. Creativity, the Mais
Hello Freelancer, Greetings! I checked your requirements. We will provide you lead/sales thru PPC. We are having more than 4+ yrs experience in PPC (FB Ads ). We are having google certified professionals i Mais
Social media Hi there! As a digital marketer and enthusiast of creative processes, with outstanding management and organizational skills and with a flexible schedule, I am positive I am the ideal assistant. Photosh Mais
Bid Summary Hi , I do have 5 years of experience into fb ads management, can help you to setup and the optimize the ads Project Requirements To create the FB ads for his business and also email automation if i know Mais


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Sat, 15 Dec 2018
2000 attending
Echaskech, Digital City, Names of Nothing, Quiet Voices films, Special Guest
It's taken us over a year to find this absolute beauty of a venue, but Digital City and Names of Nothing return to our secret party routes for a very special night in an utter gem of a warehouse- a secret venue in east London, very close to Hackney Wick.
Save the date. This is set to be an amazing night, but true to our ethos, we will also be keeping this an intimate and friendly affair limited to friends and friends of friends only.
With a capacity of 250, we expect this event to sell out. We are not after a profit, just your good times- this is why tickets will be just £5. You can purchase yours here:
You can alternatively provisionally reserve your place by emailing your names to '[email protected]', though we urge you to purchase advance tickets if possible.
The location of the venue and a password for entry will be sent to our list of attendees the day before the event, and entry will be granted only to those with their names on the list.
….now look what we have in store for you:
Digital City's 5th Birthday Party (from 7pm):
Digital City will be transforming the venue into a world of screens, where VJ, film and art installation share equal platform with the beats, and will feature:
Active Optics: An interactive video feedback installation + chilled tunes and quality grub
Quiet Voices films: Curated by former Big Chill visuals resident John Rixon. Expect beautiful aural soundscapes and lush cinematic projections to experience, absorb and get lost in.
Echaskech: Live AV set with new line-up for the purveyours of arguably the best hypnotic technotronica since the demise & resurrection Orbital
DJ BarryDark (techno-electro set)
Tentonatom Live & DJ set
DJ Remote (warm beats and glitch set)
VJs Mach V, Dr Mo and Parallax
DC will be followed by Names of Nothing (until 7am):
Names of Nothing is an underground night and DJ duo.
Famous for their huge inner-London wood raves, Names of Nothing specialise in parties in different places- be they legal or illegal, indoors or outdoors.
Their events revolve around a love for music and music alone and as such Names of Nothing try to maintain that not many people know who they are. It is not for commercial gain and has just built up via reputation and word of mouth over the years.
This party will have a bar, so please don't BYO.
Further info:
12 short films exploring and responding to the theme of Quiet Voices:
RayV: 3 Steps, 3 min 18 sec
Alex Pearl: Lodgings, 4 min 19 sec
Annabel Dover: Imperial, 4 min 8 sec
Bonny John/soundtrack by Input Junkie: A cloudless sky, 7 min
Animat: A promise of snow, 7 min 36 sec
Sounds for the Ground - video by MachV: First Light, 5 min 47 sec
Another Fine Day: Buckets & Spades, 11 min 36 sec
Emily Richardson: Redshift, 4 min 9 sec
Lulu Horsfield - soundtrack by Amy Mallet: one hundred, 5 min 6 sec
Phoebe Rixon - soundtrack by Enrico Coniglio: Mothlight, 2 min 31 sec
makemassair: Sevenzero, 5 min 40 sec
Lucy Wilson: 5:48, 5 min 40 sec
"Echaskech may sound lush and atmospheric but this is ambience with teeth...as a live proposition, Echaskech toughen up into a true armoured dance animal with crunching beats and vicious synth snipes as standard...with the addition of Mach V (visuals) Echaskech become a truely immersive audio-visual experience where melody and groove are prime directives."
DJ Magazine
(Fantastic 4 - Hottest four names in dance music)
Sat, 15 Dec 2018
2000 attending
Sat, 15 Dec 2018
918 attending
Fri, 28 Dec 2018
1515 attending
Sat, 29 Dec 2018
1344 attending
Mon, 31 Dec 2018
2774 attending
Mon, 31 Dec 2018
1377 attending
Mon, 31 Dec 2018
863 attending
Tue, 1 Jan 2019
878 attending


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It is really important to have a reliable means of testing a child's temperature and the ear thermometers are among the most accurate. Down from £32.99 this price offers you a saving of £11 and nets you double clubcard points.
This battery operated thermometer is fast and accurate and should give you measurement in one second. It is easy to use and gentle on baby and even has a fever alert built in. The kit includes hygienic probe covers and an illuminated display.
I can't tell you how useful it is to have an illuminated display. We bought an underarm thermometer before we had our child (oh such innocence) and it was the most pointless idea ever. She wouldn't sit still long enough for it to take her temperature, it took ages and ages to assess her temperature and then, to top it all off, there was no digital readout so we had to turn all the lights on to do this.
When you're nursing a sick child and don't want to wake them, not having an illuminated display could mean the end of your sleep for the rest of the night. So, yes, this thermometer looks to be a good price with the right accoutrements.
Thanks to nicola-picola at HUKD!


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Flickr Finds: Retro Children's Rooms
In our many searches through Flickr, we often come across a photo or two from a users youth. We found a few bedrooms that made us a bit nostalgic. Our kids won't have old yellowing photos with a vintage look, in age of digital revolution, their past will be crystal clear. Do you still remember your childhood bedroom?
The photos above have some fabulous commentary along with them, make sure you check it out from the links below!
Photos above are featured left to right.
• Photo 1
• Photo 2
• Photo 3
(Image: Flickr Members Duquesa Mercedes, ex_magician, SuziJane licensed for use under Creative Commons)


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E. D. Hirsch
This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. (September 2014)
|Eric Donald Hirsch, Jr.
Hirsch in 2015
March 22, 1928
Memphis, Tennessee, USA
|Literary critic, educator, and writer
Eric Donald Hirsch, Jr. (/hɜːrʃ/; born March 22, 1928) is an American educator and academic literary critic. He is professor emeritus of education and humanities at the University of Virginia.[1] He is best known for writing Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know (1987),[2] and is the founder and chairman of the Core Knowledge Foundation.
- 1 Early life and works
- 2 Career in educational reform
- 3 Influence in US education
- 4 Controversy
- 5 Fellowships, awards and memberships
- 6 Works
- 7 Criticism
- 8 References
- 9 External links
Early life and works
E.D. Hirsch, Jr. was born and raised in Memphis, Tennessee, the son of a cotton merchant. Of his formative years, he has said that he inherited "this load of guilt that Southerners have"[3] which influenced his lifelong commitment to social equality.
In the 1930s, he first attended public schools where "traditional" subjects were taught, and later attended the Todd School for Boys in Woodstock, Illinois—a progressive project-based school which gave students considerable freedom in choosing what they wished to learn.[4] He went on to study chemistry at Cornell University, but changed his major to English after attending lectures in literature taught by Vladimir Nabokov.[5]
He earned degrees from Cornell University (B.A., 1950), and Yale University (Ph.D., 1957) where he was an honorary member of Manuscript Society.
The Romantics
Hirsch began his academic career as a Yale English professor and a scholar of the Romantic poets. His first book, Wordsworth and Schelling (1960), was a comparative study of the Romantic or "Enthusiastic" mindset, adapted from his Yale dissertation. His second book, Innocence and Experience (1964), was a monograph on William Blake. Hirsch argued, contra Northrop Frye and Harold Bloom, that Blake's outlook changed markedly from the time when he wrote the Songs of Innocence to the time when he wrote the Songs of Experience, and that the Songs of Experience represent a reply to the earlier work and a satire of his earlier views. The book was awarded the Explicator Prize but its thesis provoked criticism from Blake scholars who had followed Frye's lead in developing systematic interpretations of a more-or-less static Blake.
The next phase of Hirsch's career centered on questions of literary interpretation and hermeneutics. His books Validity in Interpretation (1967) and The Aims of Interpretation (1976) argue that the author's intention must be the ultimate determiner of meaning. At Yale, Hirsch had studied with and taught alongside eminent Yale-based exponents of the "New Criticism," including Cleanth Brooks and W. K. Wimsatt. His hermeneutic works represent a reaction against New Critical concepts that were omnipresent at the time, especially the idea that texts should be viewed as autonomous objects, without reference to authorial intent.
Hirsch also took issue with Gadamer's Heideggerian hermeneutics, Barthes' concept of "the death of the author," and Derrida's deconstruction. In his hermeneutic work, Hirsch drew extensively on German philosophy, especially the ideas of Schleiermacher, Dilthey, and Husserl. He popularized the distinction between "meaning" (as intended by the author) and "significance" (as perceived by a reader or critic) and argued for the possibility of objective knowledge in the humanities and social sciences. Hirsch's hermeneutic books are controversial, and his defense of authorial intention remains a minority position in Academia, though a widely cited one. Validity in Interpretation has remained continuously in print for more than 40 years and has been translated into German, Italian, Hungarian and Serbo-Croatian.
In the late sixties Hirsch moved from Yale to the University of Virginia, where he became department chairman and head of the composition program. In 1977 he published The Philosophy of Composition, an investigation into the question of what makes writing more or less readable. The key concept in the work is the concept of relative readability. Hirsch argues that readability must be assessed relative to the writer's "semantic intentions." One text is more readable than another if it conveys the same semantic intention (i.e., meaning) more succinctly and clearly, so as to demand less effort from the reader. The goal of composition instruction, according to Hirsch, is to find ways of conveying the same meaning more clearly, effectively, and efficiently. The book was widely reviewed and somewhat controversial.
Career in educational reform
From composition to cultural literacy
Hirsch's work on composition led to a major shift in his career. During the late 1970s, while giving tests of relative readability at two colleges in Virginia, he discovered that while the relative readability of a text was an important factor in determining speed of uptake and comprehension, an even more important consideration was the reader's possession—or lack of—relevant background knowledge. Students at the University of Virginia were able to understand a passage on Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee, while students at a Richmond community college struggled with the same passage, apparently because they lacked basic understanding of the American Civil War. This and related discoveries led Hirsch to formulate the concept of cultural literacy — the idea that reading comprehension requires not just formal decoding skills but also wide-ranging cultural background knowledge. He concluded that schools should not be neutral about what is taught but should teach a highly specific curriculum that would allow children to understand things writers tend to take for granted.
The concept of cultural literacy was initially adumbrated in an article, "Culture and Literacy," published in the Journal of Basic Writing. Some time later, Hirsch published an article, "Cultural Literacy" in The American Scholar in 1983. His book-length exposition of the subject, Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs To Know, was published in 1987.
Cultural Literacy
Cultural Literacy (1987) was widely reviewed and became a best-seller. It rose to number 2 on the New York Times Bestseller lists for nonfiction, just behind Allan Bloom's Closing of the American Mind (1987), with which it was frequently reviewed and compared.
The appendix to the book, a 63-page alphabetical list of 5,000 subjects and concepts Hirsch and his collaborators thought every American ought to know, attracted a great deal of attention.[4]
Hirsch co-wrote The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (1988) with Joseph K. Kett and James Trefil, and was the main editor of A First Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (1989).[2]
Core Knowledge
Hirsch founded the Core Knowledge Foundation in 1986.
The Core Knowledge Foundation publishes the Core Knowledge Sequence—a detailed outline of the content and skills which the Core Knowledge Foundation recommends should be taught in each grade level, from pre-school to Grade 8. The Sequence has been revised several times and is available online, free of charge.[6] The curriculum is designed to "help children establish strong foundations of knowledge, grade by grade"[7] across the following subjects—English/language arts, world history and geography, American history and geography, visual arts, music, mathematics and science.
As stated in the Core Knowledge Sequence:
- If all of our children are to be fully educated and participate equally in civic life, then we must provide each of them with the shared body of knowledge that makes literacy and communication possible. This concept, central to the Core Knowledge Foundation's goal of excellence and equity in education, takes shape in the Sequence -- a pioneering attempt to outline the specific core of shared knowledge that all children should learn in American schools.[6]
Beginning in 1990s, Hirsch began publishing books in the Core Knowledge Grader Series which the Foundation describes as "an engaging, illustrated guide to the essential knowledge outlined in the Core Knowledge Sequence" [8] including information and activities for teachers, parents and children, as well as suggestions for related readings and resources. There are currently eight books in print, beginning with What Your Preschooler Needs to Know and ending with What Your Sixth Grader Needs to Know. The books have been particularly popular with parents who homeschool, as well as parents whose children attend Core Knowledge schools, and have been revised and updated over the years.
Ed School critique
In 1996, Hirsch published The Schools We Need and Why We Don't Have Them. In it, Hirsch proposed that Romanticized, anti-knowledge theories of education are prevalent in America, and are not only the cause of America's lackluster educational performance, but also a cause of widening inequalities in class and race. Hirsch portrays the focus of American educational theory as one which attempts to give students intellectual tools such as "critical thinking skills", but which denigrates teaching any actual content, labeling it "mere rote learning". Hirsch states that it is this attitude which has failed to develop knowledgeable, literate students.
A sample passage on Romanticism, from The Schools We Need and Why We Don't Have Them:
Romanticism believed that human nature is innately good, and should therefore be encouraged to take its natural course, unspoiled by the artificial impositions of social prejudice and convention. Second, Romanticism concluded that a child is neither a scaled-down, ignorant version of the adult nor a formless piece of clay in need of molding, rather, the child is a special being in its own right with unique, trustworthy impulses that should be allowed to develop and run their course.
The Schools We Need included sharp criticism of American schools of education. Hirsch described the contemporary ed. school as a "Thoughtworld," hostile to research-based findings and dissenting ideas.
Recent works
In 2006 Hirsch published, The Knowledge Deficit, in which he continued the argument made in Cultural Literacy. Disappointing results on reading tests, Hirsch argued, can be traced back to a knowledge deficit that keeps students from making sense of what they read.
His most recent book is The Making of Americans; Democracy and Our Schools (2009), in which he makes the case that the true mission of the schools is to prepare citizens for participation in our democracy by embracing a common-core, knowledge-rich curriculum as opposed to the current content-free approach. He laments 60 years without a curriculum in US schools because of the anti-curriculum approach championed by John Dewey and other Progressives.
Core Knowledge in the UK
In 2011 a British version of The Core Knowledge Sequence was published online[9] and the books began to be adapted for the UK, beginning with What Your Year 1 Child Needs to Know.[10]
Influence in US education
While Hirsch's views continue to provoke debate and controversy, Sol Stern, a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute who has written extensively on education reform, wrote in 2013 that Hirsch was "the most important education reformer of the past half-century."[11]
Core Knowledge schools in the US
The Core Knowledge Foundation reports that there were 1,260 schools in the US (across 46 states and District of Columbia) using all or part of the Core Knowledge Sequence.[12] The Foundation believes that the actual number is much higher, but only counts schools that submit a "profile form" to the Foundation annually.[12] The profile of Core Knowledge Schools in the US is diverse—including public, charter, private and parochial schools in urban, suburban and rural locations.
Independent nonprofit GreatSchools.org reports that more than 400 of these schools are preschools.[13]
Common Core standards in the US
While he was not directly involved in developing the Common Core State Standards adopted in 46 states and the District of Columbia, many education watchers credit E.D. Hirsch as having provided the "intellectual foundation" for the initiative.[4][11][14]
Political views
While the Core Knowledge Foundation in the US describes itself as non-partisan,[15] Hirsch himself is an avowed Democrat who has described himself as "practically a socialist"[4] and "a man of the Left, the Old Left".[16] Over the years, he has expressed deep sympathy for underprivileged minority youths and has stated that he specifically designed a curriculum to "place all children on common ground, sharing a common body of knowledge. That's one way to secure civil rights."[17]
In The Making of Americans (2010), Hirsch explained his position as both a "political liberal" and "an educational conservative":
- I am a political liberal, but once I recognized the relative inertness and stability of the shared background knowledge students need to master reading and writing, I was forced to become an educational conservative.... Logic compelled the conclusion that achieving the democratic goal of high universal literacy would require schools to practice a large measure of educational traditionalism.[16]
Proponents and critics
Ironically, since "Cultural Literacy" was first published in The American Scholar in 1983, Hirsch has often been embraced by political conservatives and attacked by liberals and progressives. William Bennett, a prominent conservative who served as Chair of the National Endowment for the Humanities and later US Secretary of Education, was an early proponent of Hirsch's views.[5]
Harvard University professor Howard Gardner, who is best known for his theory of multiple intelligences, has been a long-time critic of Hirsch. Gardner described one of his own books, The Disciplined Mind (1999), as part of a "sustained dialectic" with E.D. Hirsch, and criticized Hirsch's curriculum as "at best superficial and at worst anti-intellectual".[18] In 2007, Gardner accused Hirsch of having "swallowed a neoconservative caricature of contemporary American education."[19]
While acknowledging that criticism and debate "have been very good for business,"[17] Hirsch has openly expressed his frustration with ongoing accusations of intellectual elitism and racism. Regarding the frequent comparisons of Hirsch's Cultural Literacy to Allan Bloom's The Closing of the American Mind which was published around the same time, Hirsch has stated: "That was just bad luck...Allan Bloom really was an elitist."[4]
In reality, critics of Hirsch come from both progressive and conservative circles.[20] As Jason R. Edwards explains:
- Opponents from the political left generally accuse Hirsch of elitism. Worse yet in their minds, Hirsch's assertion might lead to a rejection of toleration, pluralism, and relativism. On the political right, Hirsch has been assailed as totalitarian, for his idea lends itself to turning over curriculum selection to federal authorities and thereby eliminating the time-honored American tradition of locally controlled schools.[21]
Influence in the UK
In the UK, the Core Knowledge books are published by Civitas, which is widely characterised in the national news media as a "right-of-centre",[22][23] "right-leaning"[20][24] or "right-wing thinktank."[25]
Former UK Education Secretary Michael Gove publicly expressed his admiration for E.D. Hirsch as early as 2009,[26] and education watchers have suggested that the revised national curriculum first proposed by Gove in 2011 was heavily influenced by E.D. Hirsch.[26][27]
Fellowships, awards and memberships
Hirsch has been awarded several fellowships and honors, including the Fulbright Fellowship (1955), the Morse Fellowship (1960), the Guggenheim Fellowship (1964), the Explicator Prize (1965), the NEA Fellowship (1970), the NEH Senior Fellowship (1971-71), the Wesleyan University Center for the Humanities Fellowship (1973), the Princeton University Fellowship in the Humanities (1977), and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences Fellowship at Stanford University (1980–81).
At University of Virginia he was Linden Kent Memorial Professor of English Emeritus, in addition to Professor of Education and Humanities.[28]
He has received honorary degrees from Rhodes College and Williams College.
He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a board member of the Albert Shanker Institute. He lives in Charlottesville, Virginia.
- Wordsworth and Schelling (1960)
- Innocence and Experience: An Introduction to Blake (1964)
- Validity in Interpretation (1967)
- The Aims of Interpretation (1976)
- The Philosophy of Composition (1977)
- Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know (1987)
- The Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (1988)
- The Schools We Need: And Why We Don't Have Them (1996)
- The Validity of Allegory in Convegno internazionale sul tema ermeneutica e critica: Roma 7-8 ottobre 1996. Roma: Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, 1998.
- The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy: What Every American Needs to Know by E. D. Hirsch, Joseph F. Kett and James Trefil (2002)
- The Knowledge Deficit: Closing the Shocking Education Gap for American Children (2006)
- The Making of Americans: Democracy and Our Schools (2010)
- A collection of articles and speeches by E. D. Hirsch
- The Schools Our Children Deserve by Alfie Kohn
- Critical Literacy by Eugene Provenzo, Jr.
- Literacies of Power by Donoldo Macedo.
- Kaufer, David S. (Winter 1989). "Cultural Literacy: A Critique of Hirsch and an Alternative Theory". ADE Bulletin. Archived from the original on 2005-05-06. Retrieved 2006-09-21.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ E.D. Hirsch, Jr., Core Knowledge, retrieved February 2, 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 E.D. Hirsch, Jr., Encyclopædia Britannica, 9 March 2013, retrieved 2 February 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Bowler, Mike (December 28, 1999), "Knowledge, front and center", Baltimore Sun, retrieved February 2, 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Tyre, Peg (September 2014), "'I've Been a Pariah for So Long'", Politico Magazine, retrieved February 2, 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Stern, Sol (Autumn 2009), "E.D. Hirsch's Curriculum for Democracy: A content-rich pedagogy makes better citizens and smarter kids", City Journal, 19 (4)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Free Teacher Guides, Downloads & Forms, Core Knowledge Foundation, retrieved February 6, 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Core Knowledge Sequence: Content and Skills Guidelines for Grades K-8, 2010<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ What Your __ Grader Needs to Know, Core Knowledge Foundation, retrieved February 6, 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ The UK Core Knowledge Sequence
- ↑ The official partnership in the UK
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Stern, Sol (December 6, 2013), "The Redemption of E.D. Hirsch", City Journal<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Learn About Core Knowledge Schools, Core Knowledge Foundation, retrieved February 3, 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Jacobson, Linda, Core Knowledge Schools, GreatSchools.org, retrieved February 3, 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Pondiscio, Robert (September 4, 2014), "Connecting the dots: E. D. Hirsch, Jr., and Common Core", Common Core Watch Blog, retrieved February 7, 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Who We Are, Core Knowledge, retrieved February 2, 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Moore, Terrence O. (June 21, 2010), "The Making of an Educational Conservative", Claremont Review of Books, X (2)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Bowler, Mike (December 28, 1999), "Knowledge, front and center - Curriculum: An English professor's vision has produced educated children -- and an education controversy lasting two decades", The Baltimore Sun, retrieved February 2, 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Traub, James (May 9, 1999), "Beyond the Three R's: Howard Gardner defends his 'multiple intelligence' movement", The Times Magazine, retrieved February 2, 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Reviewing The Knowledge Deficit, Education Sector at American Institutes for Research, April 4, 2007, retrieved February 2, 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 Ward, Helen (22 October 2010), "Controversial US 'core knowledge' textbooks brought to UK schools", TES Newspaper, retrieved 2 February 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Dr. Jason R. Edwards, "E.D. Hirsch Jr.: The Twentieth Century's Liberal Conservative Educator," The Center for Vision & Values (2009) online
- ↑ "Gove allies say 'Sixties-mired' Ofsted should be scrapped". The Times. London. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Philip Johnston (7 April 2014). "A close encounter with the property boom". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 13 April 2014.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Curtis, Polly (17 November 2008), "Social learning schools threatened by Ofsted, critics say", The Guardian, retrieved 2 February 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Prynne, Miranda (26 January 2014), "Ofsted chief 'spitting blood' over right-wing attacks", The Telegraph<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ 26.0 26.1 Abrams, Fran (15 October 2012), "US idea of 'cultural literacy' and key facts a child should know arrives in UK", The Guardian, retrieved 2 February 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ Abrams, Fran (25 October 2012), "Cultural literacy: Michael Gove's school of hard facts", BBC News, retrieved 2 February 2015<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- ↑ "Off the Shelf: E.D. Hirsch" (Press release). University of Virginia. November 3, 2009. Retrieved February 6, 2015.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
External links
- Core Knowledge Foundation
- Information at Hoover Institution
- Public School Insights interview with E.D. Hirsch Posted September 2, 2008
- Profile of Hirsch at PhilWeb
- Hirsch Discusses his book The Making of Americans on C-Span. Video
- Education Next Interviews Nathan Glazer on E. D. Hirsch on YouTube.
- Sol Stern, "E. D. Hirsch's Curriculum for Democracy", City Journal, Autumn 2009, Vol. 19, No. 4.
- Christopher Hitchens, "Why We Don't Know What We Don't Know," New York Times, May 13, 1990
- Hirsch's papers on cultural literacy at the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia


text:
I've been milling around wondering what to post, so I decided to do a shout out to my friend, Heidi. A few months ago, she mentioned she was taking commissions to do art work. I asked if she could help me out with a cover for my novelette, Mine.
I was not disappointed. The cover is still in the works, but she sent me an update.
Isn't she beautiful ^_^ I was so surprised that it looked so realistic. I can't wait to see the final project.
If you want a commissioned piece, send her a message at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Now, I'm off to procrastinate and re-read some novels.


text:
Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance Footage To Be Shown Prior To E3
Footage of Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance will be released prior to E3.
Andriasang reports that Hideo Kojima has said on his Twitter account that footage of Revengeance's E3 demo will be released sometime before E3 itself, which is just a few weeks away. Kojima allegedly found an image of Raiden from the E3 demo's title screen to be so cool that he asked for permission to release footage of the game in advance, which was granted to him. Kojima referred to the Raiden in the title screen as "Black Raiden," but said he couldn't elaborate as to why he was calling him that, as he said it was a secret.
Kojima Productions has been releasing a series of live action teaser trailers for the game that had appeared to show Raiden being tortured by military types and having his cyborg ninja skeleton attached to him (which happened between the events of MGS2 and MGS4).
If there are any updates about Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, PSLS will keep you posted.
What do you think about footage of the game's E3 demo being released prior to E3? Let us know in the comments below!


text:
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Автор темы
Дата начала
19 Июн 2006
19 Июн 2006
19 Июн 2006
Антишансон ;D
19 Июн 2006
19 Июн 2006
гораздо интереснее не помехи создавать
а вклинится в эфир со своей музыкальной темой
законектив устройство со своим плеером например)))
тока надо радиус действия увеличить метров так до 100
19 Июн 2006
19 Июн 2006
Схему в студию.
19 Июн 2006
19 Июн 2006
FM Beacon Broadcast Transmitter (88-108 MHz)
This circuit will transmit a continuous audio tone on the FM broadcast band (88-108 MHz) which could used for remote control or security purposes. Circuit draws about 30 mA from a 6-9 volt battery and can be received to about 100 yards. A 555 timer is used to produce the tone (about 600 Hz) which frequency modulates a Hartley oscillator. A second JFET transistor buffer stage is used to isolate the oscillator from the antenna so that the antenna position and length has less effect on the frequency. Fine frequency adjustment can be made by adjusting the 200 ohm resistor in series with the battery. Oscillator frequency is set by a 5 turn tapped inductor and 13 pF capacitor. The inductor was wound around a #8 X 32 bolt (about 3/16 diameter) and then removed by unscrewing the bolt. The inductor was then streached to about a 3/8 inch length and tapped near the center. The oscillator frequency should come out somewhere near the center of the band (98 MHz) and can be shifted higher or lower by slightly expanding or compressing the inductor. A small signal diode (1N914 or 1N4148) is used as a varactor diode so that the total capacity in parallel with the inductor varies slightly at the audio rate thus causing the oscillator frequency to change at the audio rate (600 Hz). The ramping waveform at pins 2 and 6 of the timer is applied to the reversed biased diode through a large (1 Meg) resistor so that the capacitance of the diode changes as the ramping voltage changes thus altering the frequency of the tank circuit. Alternately, an audio signal could be applied to the 1 Meg resistor to modulate the oscillator but it may require an additional pullup resistor to reverse bias the diode. The N channel JFET transistors used should be high frequency VHF or UHF types (Radio Shack #276-2062 MPF102) or similar.
19 Июн 2006
19 Июн 2006
DIMETICON написал(а):
гораздо интереснее не помехи создавать
а вклинится в эфир со своей музыкальной темой
законектив устройство со своим плеером например)))
тока надо радиус действия увеличить метров так до 100
Нажмите для раскрытия...
угу , тоько что произошел вырос говна
фсе ва*уе
19 Июн 2006
19 Июн 2006
надо на 2Т904 передптчики собирать
как минимум
19 Июн 2006
19 Июн 2006
надо на 2Т904 передптчики собирать
как минимум
Нажмите для раскрытия...
несерьезно древние транзюки , проще двухкаскадник на тех же 315 (которые все почуму-то костят ) сделать и на выходе полевик , а то схемка твоя слишеом много жрать будет , и вообще это баян откровенно говоря ...
20 Июн 2006
20 Июн 2006
Acros написал(а):
несерьезно древние транзюки , проще двухкаскадник на тех же 315 (которые все почуму-то костят ) сделать и на выходе полевик , а то схемка твоя слишеом много жрать будет , и вообще это баян откровенно говоря ...
Нажмите для раскрытия...
Да, можно сделать и покрасивее
А что мешает еще и телефоны мобильные вырубать у пассажиров?
Не, это вообще было бы готично - такая унимерсальная модульная давилка
20 Июн 2006
20 Июн 2006
Unglis написал(а):
Да, можно сделать и покрасивее
А что мешает еще и телефоны мобильные вырубать у пассажиров?
Не, это вообще было бы готично - такая унимерсальная модульная давилка
Нажмите для раскрытия...
Есть уже. И давно. Глушит ВСЕ радиоизлучения на ВСЕХ используемых Хомо Сапиенс частотах (на несколько часов). Называется высотный блокирующий ядерный взрыв. :
20 Июн 2006
20 Июн 2006
скоро появится вещь специально для таксистов- АнтиАнтишансон.
3 Июл 2006
3 Июл 2006
==Phrack Inc.==
Volume 0x0b, Issue 0x3c, Phile #0x0d of 0x10
|=-----------------=[ Low Cost and Portable GPS Jammer ]=----------------=|
|=---------------=[ anonymous <firstname.lastname@example.com ]=---------------=|
--[ Contents
1 - Project Overview
2 - Why?
3 - Technical Description
3.1 - Phase Locked Loop
3.2 - Noise Generator
3.3 - RF Amplifiers
3.4 - Voltage Regulation
3.5 - Antenna
4 - Construction Notes
4.1 - Component Purchasing
4.2 - Layout
5 - Operation
6 - References
Appendix A: Links to Datasheets
Appendix B: Schematic Diagram - gps_jammer.ps.gz (uuencoded)
--[ 1 - Project Overview
A low cost device to temporarily disable the reception of the civilian
course acquisition (C/A) code used for the standard positioning service
(SPS)[1] on the Global Positioning System (GPS/NAVSTAR) L1 frequency of
1575.42 MHz.
This is accomplished by transmitting a narrowband Gaussian noise signal,
with a deviation of +/- 1.023 MHz, on the L1 GPS frequency itself. This
technique is a little more complicated than a simple continuous wave (CW)
jammer, but tends to be more effective (i.e. harder to filter) against
spread spectrum based radio receivers.
This device will have no effect on the precise positioning service (PPS)
which is transmitted on the GPS L2 frequency of 1227.6 MHz and little
effect on the P-code which is also carried on the L1 frequency. There may
be a problem if your particular GPS receiver needs to acquire the P(Y)-code
through the C/A-code before proper operation.
This device will also not work against the new upcoming GPS L5 frequency
of 1176.45 MHz or the Russian GLONASS or European Galileo systems. It can
be adapted to jam the new civilian C/A-code signal which is going to also
be transmitted on the GPS L2 frequency.
That said, it will work against the majority of consumer/OEM GPS
receivers, provided they are not setup in any advanced anti-jam
---[ 2 - Why?
The onslaught of cheap GPS based navigation (or hidden tracking devices)
over the past few years has made it necessary for the typical citizen to
take up the fine art of electronic warfare.
Several companies[2] now sell "hidden" GPS based tracking devices which
mount inside or underneath your vehicle. Some transmit the coordinates,
via cellular phone, of your vehicle's present and/or past locations for
weeks at a time without battery changes or court orders!
Vehicle rental companies have been known to use GPS tracking devices to
verify you don't speed or abuse their rental vehicles. The unsuspecting
renter is often faced with these hidden abuse "fees" after returning the
rental vehicle.
Law enforcement agencies are dumb enough to keep track of house arrest
prisoners with simple GPS based tracking bracelets[3]. Some even use GPS
for automatic vehicle location (AVL) on their squad cars to allow the
dispatchers to send in the closest unit to a particular call or to know an
officer's location in case of an emergency situation where they can't use
their radio.
Cellular phone companies, trucking companies, private investigators,
toll-roads, aircraft, those "protect your child" systems and many more
services are all fully involved with the use of GPS based tracking. The
problem is, do you really want everyone to know where you are?
---[ 3 - Technical Description
This will be a brief description of each of the major sections which
compromise the entire jammer device. Refer to the included schematic
diagram (Appendix B) as you read along. You should also refer to the
component's datasheets for even more detailed information.
---[ 3.1 - Phase Locked Loop
The jammer's main oscillator components consist of a Motorola MC145151
phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer chip, a Micronetics M3500-
1324S voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) module and a Fijitsu MB506 divide
-by-256 prescaler chip.
The VCO feeds a portion of its radio frequency (RF) output signal into
the prescaler chip, where it is divided by 256. A 1575 MHz signal would be
turned into a 6.15234375 MHz signal. This is then fed into one side of the
PLL chip.
The other side of the PLL is fed with a reference frequency which is
derived from a 10 MHz quartz crystal. This crystal reference frequency is
divided down 512 times by the PLL to reach 19531.25 Hz. The 6.15234375
MHz prescaler output frequency is also further divided down 315 times by
the PLL chip for a final frequency of 19531.25 Hz. This will be the new
PLL internal reference frequency. That big bad 1575 MHz microwave signal
now looks like a simple audio frequency to the PLL chip and the supporting
The PLL chip internally compares the phase of the 19531.25 Hz VCO side
signal to the phase of the 19531.25 Hz crystal side signal. The PLL chip
outputs high or low voltage pulses depending on whether the crystal signal
is leading or lagging in phase with the VCO signal. These pulses are then
filtered and dampened into a pure DC control signal via a simple passive
loop filter. This cleaned up signal is then connected to the VCO's voltage
tune control input.
When everything is working properly, the VCO's output frequency is locked
to whatever frequency you programmed into the PLL chip, 1575 MHz in this
case. It will stay on that frequency even through dramatic temperature
changes, a problem that a non-PLL VCO would have. If the PLL is not
working properly, the red "PLL Unlock" LED will be lit.
Due to a quirk with using low cost, easy to obtain components, you'll
need to tweak two loading capacitors on the reference crystal. This is
unusual, but necessary to move the signal from the default 1575 MHz to
the more appropriate 1575.42 MHz (+/- a few hundred Hertz). This is a very
important and delicate procedure, and you'll need a frequency counter to
accomplish it.
---[ 3.2 - Noise Generator
The actual noise generator of the jammer is very simple. A 6.8 Volt
Zener diode is first biased, buffered and amplified by a single 2N3904
transistor. This single Zener diode is capable of generating broadband
noise signals from audio frequencies up to over 100 MHz. We then filter
this noise signal down to something more practical and something which the
VCO module can actually respond too. This is done via the LM386 audio
amplifier chip. The LM386 both amplifies and low pass filters the final
noise signal. The final LM386 output signal will have enough overhead if
you need to adapt it for a wideband noise jammer.
This low frequency noise signal is fed, via a 100 Ohm potentiometer, to
a simple resistor/capacitor network where it's mixed with the VCO voltage
tune control signal (described above). The single 1N4148 diode is to
prevent any negative voltage pulses from reaching the VCO.
This mixing results in a new "noisy" voltage tune control signal feeding
the VCO. The resulting RF signal looks like random noise dancing around
the center 1575.42 MHz RF carrier. You'll need to set the deviation of
this noise to approximately +/- 1.023 MHz from the 1575.42 MHz RF carrier.
Access to a spectrum analyzer is required to do this properly, or you can
use an oscilloscope and the included test point voltages to get an
approximate setup.
---[ 3.3 - RF Amplifiers
The VCO's +7 dBm (5 milliwatts) RF output is first slightly attenuated
(4 dB) and tapped for the MB506 prescaler input. It then passes through to
the RF amplifier stages and band pass filter.
The first RF amplifier is a Sirenza Microdevices SGA-6289. It provides
about 13 dB of gain to overcome the losses from the resistive attenuation
pad. It also shows a good 50 Ohm termination for the VCO RF output and
even helps to drive the final RF amplifier.
The GPS band pass filter is a 2-pole Toko 4DFA-1575B-12 ceramic
dielectric filter from Digi-Key[4], part number TKS2609CT-ND. This part is
optional, but helps clean up the RF spectrum before further amplification.
The filter's insertion loss is around 2 dB.
The final RF amplifier is a WJ Communications AH102. It provides another
13 dB of gain, with a higher P1dB compression point of around +27 dBm (500
mW). The AH102 draws the most current of any part, and is not really
necessary if you're aiming for a low range, low current, battery operated
---[ 3.4 - Voltage Regulation
Voltage input regulation and filtering is done using standard voltage
regulator ICs. A LM2940CT-12 12 Volt, 1 Amp low dropout voltage regulator
is used to regulate the main 12 Volt power line. Standard 78xx series
regulators are used from there on to provide both the 9 and 5 Volt lines.
A simple diode/fuse polarity protection scheme is also provided on the
battery input. The use of an automatic reset fuse is highly recommended.
You can power the jammer off a common 12 Volt rechargeable battery.
The 12 Volt, 4.5 Amp-hour, lead-acid battery from Radio Shack[5], part
number 23-289, is a good choice. Old car batteries, strings of 6 Volt
lantern batteries or even solar panels will also work. Current draw for
the completed jammer will be around 300 milliamps.
---[ 3.5 - Antenna
A radiating antenna is not shown in the schematic diagram and one will
need to be purchased or constructed for proper operation. There are
numerous commercial GPS receiving antennas which will work fine for this
low power transmitting application. Some of the best pre-made or easily
assembled microwave antennas can be purchased directly from Ramsey
The Ramsey DA25 broadband discone antenna is recommended for omni-
directional (transmit in a circle) radiating applications. The LPY2 log
periodic Yagi antenna can be used for directional (transmit in a straight
line) radiating applications. Using a directional antenna will give you a
slight increase in overall transmitted RF power, which increases the
jammer's range, and can also be used to shield your own GPS receiver from
being jammed (i.e. point it at the enemy).
Dielectric GPS patch antenna elements may also be purchased from Digi-
Key. Toko DAK series elements, Digi-Key part number TK5150-ND, are perfect
for surface mounting directly to the circuit board. They will require a
plastic radome to slightly lower their resonant frequency. The small
antenna element size is also perfect for hidden or portable operations.
---[ 4 - Construction Notes
Unfortunately, proper jammer construction will require fairly advanced
engineering skills. Prior knowledge of high frequency microwave circuits
and printed circuit board (PCB) design is required. A good start for the
beginner is by reading the "UHF/Microwave Handbook" and "The ARRL Handbook"
both published by the Amateur Radio Relay League (ARRL)[7]. Access to
fundamental RF test equipment (oscilloscope, frequency counter, spectrum
analyzer, loads, attenuators, etc.) is also required.
---[ 4.1 - Component Purchasing
The main VCO module and RF amplifiers can be purchased from Richardson
Electronics[8]. Part number M3500C-1324S for the VCO module and part
numbers SGA-6289 and AH102 for the RF amplifiers. Equivalent VCO and RF
amplifiers can be purchased from companies such as Mini-Circuits[9] or
Synergy Microwave[10]. Slight component changes may be required if using
alternate components to take into account different operating voltages and
input/output RF power requirements. The PLL loop filter may also need
tweaking if you use a different VCO module.
The MC145151 PLL synthesizer chip can be purchased from Digi-Key. There
are several pin packages available (leaded or surface mount), choose the
one suitable for your application. The small 28-SOIC surface mount package
is part number MC145151DW2-ND. You may also be able to salvage MC145151
chips from older CB radios or older C-band satellite receivers (the kind
that where tuned via DIP switches).
Digi-Key also handles an equivalent prescaler IC, the NEC UPG1507GV, part
number UPB1507GV-ND. This is an exact replacement for the Fijitsu MB506,
but the main drawback to the UPG1507GV is that it is in a 8-SSOP package
(i.e. very small) and is fairly difficult to work with using standard
soldering tools.
The 10 MHz crystal is also available from Digi-Key, part number
300-6121-1-ND. Other miscellaneous components may also be purchased from
Digi-Key (capacitors, resistors, voltage regulators, inductors,
diodes, transistors, LM386, project box, RF connectors, etc.) as their
prices are the most competitive and their service is outstanding.
---[ 4.2 - Layout
No PCB pattern is available, you'll have to layout the project by hand
using felt-tip markers, drafting tape, dry-etch or iron-on transfers. You
should make your own PCB pattern to fit your application specifically.
The PCB layout isn't that difficult or challenging, but will require
prior experience and patience. Using all surface mount components and good
board layout practices will reduce the jammer's physical size and cost
The use of high frequency, double sided copper clad laminate is essential
for properly working microwave circuits. GIL Technologies[11] GML1000
(2-side, 1 oz., 0.030") is a good choice but standard FR-4 laminate will
work in a pinch. You can purchase 6" x 6" FR-4 (2-side, 1 oz., 0.030")
laminate from Digi-Key, part number PC45-S-ND.
A 50 Ohm micro stripline on 0.030" GML1000 PCB laminate will be about 70
mils (1.8 mm) wide and on FR-4 it will be about 55 mils (1.5 mm) wide. Be
sure to keep any micro stripline carrying RF signals short, straight and
perpendicular to any DC bias line or any other micro stripline it has to
The 2 mm wide line in the dry-etch transfer package from Radio Shack,
part number 276-1490, will work O.K. on both materials for creating
homebrew micro striplines which are close enough to 50 Ohms.
The two RF amplifiers, band pass filter, VCO and prescaler PCB patterns
will all require numerous ground vias connecting the top and bottom ground
planes. These help prevent ground loops and instability (oscillations)
from disrupting proper circuit operation. In the case of the AH102, they
even provide some heat sinking to allow cooler operation of the final RF
Any resistors, capacitors or inductors used in the RF sections should be
in a 0603, 0805 or 1206 size surface mount package. Leaded components will
not work at this high of a frequency. Be sure your choice of surface mount
inductors can handle the current when used as part of the DC bias on the
RF amplifiers. The ferrite bead shown in the schematic can be any salvaged
ferrite bead. The inductor assortment package at Radio Shack, part number
273-1601 should have a couple of them in it.
--[ 5 - Operation
Once the jammer is operational, you can practice testing it by monitoring
the signal on a common consumer GPS receiver or high quality communications
receiver. A GPS receiver close to the jammer will not be able to acquire
C/A-code lock and any operating GPS in the jammer's radiation pattern will
lose C/A-code lock. Higher quality GPS receivers tend to be less
susceptible to low power jamming, so you'll need to be in the antenna's
near-field radiation pattern (i.e. close) for it to work.
Any obstructions near the jammer's own antenna (trees, houses, hills,
walls, etc.) will decrease the jamming range. The best placement is where
the jammer's antenna is line-of-sight to the antenna of the GPS receiver
you're trying to jam. Real world results will vary drastically, but you
should be able to obtain a jam radius of a few hundred feet even in heavily
obstructed areas with the higher power (AH102) option and a simple antenna.
You can even practice counter-jamming methods to protect yourself against
hostile or accidental GPS jamming. Try to shield your GPS receiver from
the interference source by placing your body, trees, hills, rocks or other
obstructions in-between your position and the interference. More advanced
methods involve using directional or steerable phased-array antennas on
your GPS receiver (pointed skyward) to nullify any ground based
--[ 6 - References
[1] Standard Positioning Service (SPS) Signal Specification
[2] GPS-Web
Travel Eyes 2
[3] VeriTrack
Pro Tech Monitoring
[4] Digi-Key
[5] Radio Shack
[6] Ramsey Electronics
[7] Amateur Radio Relay League
[8] Richardson Electronics
[9] Mini-Circuits
[10] Synergy Microwave
[11] GIL Technologies
[12] Xcircuit
--[ Appendix A: Links to Datasheets
Alternate component manufactures may be substituted in most cases.
* Fairchild Semiconductor 2N3904 NPN Transistor
* Micronetics M3500-1324S VCO
* Motorola MC145151 PLL Frequency Synthesizer
* National LM2940-12 Voltage Regulator
* National LM386 Audio Amplifier
* National LM78L05 Voltage Regulator
* NEC UPB1506/07GV Prescaler
* Sirenza Microdevices SGA-6289 RF Amplifier
* STMicroelectronics 78M09 Voltage Regulator
* Toko DAK1575MS50T Dielectric Antenna
* Toko 4DFA-1575B-12 Dielectric Band Pass Filter
* WJ Communications AH102 RF Amplifier
--[ Appendix B: Schematic Diagram - gps_jammer.ps.gz (uuencoded)
Below is the schematic diagram (gps_jammer.ps) in an uuencoded gzipped
PostScript file. This is the native Xcircuit[12] format and is used for
ease of viewing, printing and modification.
Последнее редактирование модератором:
16 Авг 2016
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text:
I was planning to blog a roundup of 2010, but the year just went so bloody quickly that I never got the chance. Suffice to say it was an excellent year with some great writing, a new book, wonderful times with friends and family and the beginnings of some very exciting new projects. But out with the old and in with the new, as they say, and my sights are now firmly on the year ahead!
So what are my plans for 2011? Well, one thing that didn't go so well last year was my attempt to write eight books... I wrote two. And a half. Yes, it was a little ambitious and maybe I shouldn't have been quite so tipsy when I announced it. So this year I'm not going to rush to try and finish a certain number of books. Instead I'm going to divide the year up into projects. Twelve of them.
I'm not sure what they all are yet, but I've already begun work on a few. The first is my new YA horror novel, which is so new that it doesn't even have a title yet. The second is probably the screenplay I'm working on for The Inventors. An Inventors film would be SO AMAZING and because there hasn't been much interest I thought I'd just have a go at it myself. There's also a short horror film I'd like to make, and of course the feature film Stagnant, which will hopefully finally begin shooting this year. There are a couple of much smaller projects that I'd like to work on as well, which I'll tell you about if they ever happen! In all, these twelve projects will probably involve more work than the whole eight-books-one-year debacle, but planning it this way makes it seem like less hard work.
Another thing I'll be doing more of this year is blogging! I've got a US blog tour starting on the 5th January and lasting all month, and I'll be sure to link to all my posts from here. It's going to be ace!
Anyway, I hope you all had a wonderful Christmas break, and here's to a brilliant 2011!


text:
Search for information, find activities, or browse board meetings and agendas.
2201 St. Anthony Blvd.
Minneapolis, MN 55418
Phone: 612-230-6524
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Facebook: Like Us
Twitter: Follow Us
Adults 18+
Green Fee: $34
With Cart: $51
Friday-Sunday, Holidays
Green Fee: $38
With Cart: $55
Green Fee: $24
With Cart: $41
Friday-Sunday, Holidays
Green Fee: $28
With Cart: $45
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Rates listed do not include sales tax.
Adults 55+
Excludes holidays
Green Fee: $26
With Cart: $43
Friday-Sunday, Holidays
Green Fee: $38
With Cart: $55
Green Fee: $22
With Cart: $39
Friday-Sunday, Holidays
Green Fee: $28
With Cart: $45
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With Cart: $31
Green Fee: $17
With Cart: $28
Rates listed do not include sales tax.
Green Fee: $24
Green Fee: $16
Junior Rate: $20
First Tee Rate: $10
Rates listed do not include sales tax.
18 Holes: $17/person
9 Holes: $11/person
18 Holes: $6
Rental Sets: $14
Premium Clubs: $25
Closed for the season.
Minneapolis Parks Gift Cards are redeemable and available to buy at any golf course or driving range
On-course beverage service
Join a league or take group or private lessons from a golf professional.
Par: 71
Yards: Blue - 6574 | White - 6348 | Red - 5235 | Gold - 5384
PGA Professional: No
Rentals: Cart, Pull Cart, Golf Club Set
Out of Bounds
Size: 149.82 acres
Neighborhood: Outside Minneapolis City Limits
Service Area: Northeast
Gross National Golf Club opened in 1925. It has gently rolling hills with elevated tees and greens. We rent riding carts, although many golfers enjoy walking the course. There are three sets of tee-markers on each hole to challenge all skill levels. It is a mature course with lots of old trees.
It hosted the 1964 USGA National Publinks Championship. The course's location makes it readily accessible from Minneapolis or St. Paul with Interstate 35W marking the southern boundary.
A great layout is how most customers describe the course; another reason Gross has been considered The People's Choice for years.
Audubon International Certification
Certified Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary status encourages courses to protect and conserve natural resources and the character and integrity of the land. Certified courses demonstrate efforts to improve environmental quality in planning, public/member involvement, wildlife and habitat management, integrated pest management, water quality management and water conservation practices.
Name: The course was named for Francis A. Gross, a park commissioner for 32 years between 1910 and 1949 and president of the park board 1917-1919 and 1936-1948. He was so closely connected to the parks that he earned the nickname "Mr. Park Board." The park board voted to name the golf course for Gross on November 5, 1947 in what came as a complete surprise to Gross. Until then the course was called the Armour Golf Course after the meat-packing business Armour & Company, which owned the land. For a few months in 1925 the board renamed the course St. Anthony Golf Course, but reverted to the original name.
Francis A. Gross
Gross became involved in park issues in 1909, when as a banker in north Minneapolis he was one of the leading proponents of creating Webber Park (then Camden Park). His stance in favor of parks in that debate, which bitterly divided the neighborhood, was remembered by the park board the next year when Charles Johnson resigned his seat on the commission. The park board considered no other nominees and unanimously elected Gross, then 40 years old, to fill out the seven months remaining in Johnson's term. (Johnson resigned when he was hired to be the director of refectories for the park board, one of the few park commissioners to later work for the park board.)
That was the first of four times that Gross was elected by other commissioners to fill vacancies on the board due to resignations or, in the case of Harry Cramer's seat in 1926, death. Gross was also elected to four six-year terms as well, but he was always elected as an incumbent.
Gross had his greatest impact on park policy during his presidency of the board from 1936 to 1948. This was at a time when new recreation demands were placed on parks and when the role of parks in city life was changing. It was also a time of transition in park management as Gross's friend, Theodore Wirth, who had been park superintendent for thirty years, was required to retire due to civil service age rules and was replaced by Christian Bossen. To complicate matters further, it was also a time of economic depression, then war, when the park board had almost no resources to meet increasing demand and had to rely on federal and state work-relief programs, such as the Works Progress Administration, for both park maintenance and recreation supervision.
Throughout this period the annual reports written by Gross were thoughtful, insightful discussions of what parks could and should contribute to the life of a city, including an exploration of how the park board could work with other government agencies to address problems in society that parks and recreation alone could not.
During Gross's presidency of the board, it began to consider a more equitable distribution of park facilities, particularly playgrounds, throughout the city. The board also first began to question its policy of many years of acquiring new parks and playgrounds only if property owners in the areas agreed to pay for them through assessments on property. The policy had left gaps in the city where no parks and playgrounds existed, mostly in older and poorer neighborhoods.
"In spite of our professed principles of human justice, we still do not have equal opportunities in all quarters," Gross wrote in the 1944 annual report." The most satisfying argument for equal recreation opportunities for all remains the simple one of human justice." Gross wrote more in the 1944 report of the vision the park board needed as it looked to its tasks in a post-war America.
"Action taken without regard to the welfare of all people, no matter how apparently good it may seem to the interests of the parties taking the action, no longer meets the proper standard of responsibility. It follows that action taken by our Board in the interest of public recreation must be correlated with the general public interest. The frontiers of human welfare, understanding and happiness are today as close, as real and as of great a scope as ever were the physical frontiers that challenged past generations; the mastering of those frontiers calls for men of as great a stature, and individual initiative, as the giants of the past; but the enlarged responsibilities presume a different approach—an approach characterized by the charitable understanding of the problems, rights and welfare of other units of the human family of which we all are a part."
In addition to providing the philosophical rationale for the park board's work, Gross played a critical role in the rapid expansion of the park board's airport leading up to and during World War II. He was a member of the first Metropolitan Airports Commission, created in the mid-1940s, to which the park board transferred control of the Minneapolis Municipal Airport.
In 1948, at age 78, "Mr. Park Board" was defeated in his bid to be re-elected to the board.
Acquisition and Development
The story of the purchase of Gross Golf Course is one that tells of the Roaring 20's, the Great Depression, World War II and the spectacular increase in the popularity of golf.
The contract to acquire and develop the land for a golf course was approved by the park board March 5, 1924, but the terms of that contract, greatly revised in the park board's favor, were not complied with until 1947. At that time the city issued $320,000 in bonds to pay off the 23-year-old contract.
The story of Gross Golf Course really begins with stockyards. In 1912 the park board designated for acquisition land to widen Stinson Boulevard on the eastern border of the city. The owner of the land was Armour & Company, the Chicago-based meat-packing company. Armour owned about 800 acres of land west of the city that it had acquired as the possible site of a meat-packing plant near the New Brighton stock yards. At about that time, however, Armour had decided to build a new plant adjacent to the South St. Paul stockyards instead. The Armour plant in South St. Paul opened in 1919.
(George Brackett, one of the heroes in the story of Minneapolis parks, was once one of the principal investors in the New Brighton stock yards, but lost his share of the business in the Panic of 1893.)
Because of its decision to locate its new plant elsewhere, Armour was not only amenable to giving up some of its land for the widening of Stinson Parkway, but suggested that a parkway be built through its land west of the city limits. Armour not only donated the land for what is now part of St. Anthony Parkway, but paid for construction of the road across its property in 1913.
With the popularity of the first golf courses developed by the park board at Wirth Park (then Glenwood) in 1916, followed by a course at Columbia Park in 1919, Armour approached the park board in 1923 with a proposal to develop a golf course on the property it still owned west of St Anthony Parkway. The company offered very attractive terms: they would provide the land, and pay for the development of a golf course and a small club house. Their investment, valued at $150,000 for land and another $60,000 in improvements, would be paid off by the park board over twenty years from the earnings of the golf course. Until it was paid off, the park board would pay Armour 4½ percent a year in interest on the outstanding amount it owed. The park board approved the terms of that contract in March 1924. In the park board's 1924 annual report both board president Burton Kingsley and park superintendent Theodore Wirth assured the public that the course was acquired and improved "without any charge whatsoever" to taxpayers.
The golf course opened in 1925. William D. Clark of Minneapolis helped design the course for the park board, as he had done at Wirth and Columbia, and would at Meadowbrook. It was the first golf course in Minneapolis that had grass greens and tees. The Wirth and Columbia courses had sand greens and clay tees. The fee for playing the new course was initially set at $1.00 for eighteen holes, more than double the forty cents charged at Wirth and Columbia. Later that summer the fee was reduced to fifty cents due to the "rough condition" of the still-young course. For the next few years fees were seventy-five cents.
All went well—for awhile. For the first three years earnings at the course were less than the interest owed on the contract. Wirth reassured the public in 1927 that "there need be no apprehension that the finance plan, under which the entire indebtedness is to be paid off, cannot be consummated." The next year a registration system was implemented at all city golf courses to eliminate long waits to get on the courses. From 1928 to 1931 earnings at the course enabled the park board to pay the accumulated annual interest and even make payments on the principal.
What Wirth could not have foreseen was that annual earnings at Gross would not reach 1927 levels again until 1950 and that earnings at the course would not even cover interest payments to Armour after 1931. With the coming of the Great Depression the number of golf rounds played dropped dramatically everywhere, and continued dropping even when the park board cut fees at Armour from 75 cents to 50 cents in 1932. Not only did the number of rounds drop, so did spending at the club house refectory.
In 1932 the park board couldn't even pay the interest on the Armour contract from proceeds at the course. So the next year, Armour and the park board took dramatic action. Armour made a generous offer: it would make up any deficits in operation of the course, ensuring that the park board's meager operating revenues would not have to go toward maintaining the golf course. The company also agreed to finance a new sprinkling system for the course at a cost of about $7,000 and add it to the amount owed by the park board. The sprinkling system, the only one on any park board golf course, and greener fairways led to a one-year bump in rounds played at the course, but play then resumed its tailspin.
In 1935 Wirth suggested that the board should decide if it could continue to maintain the course. It was in a bad location, with few golfers in the vicinity, and it was suffering from competition with St. Paul courses, he wrote. (The new golf course at the University of Minnesota, not far away, had opened in 1929.)
Again in 1936 and for the next eleven years Armour agreed to make up operating deficits at the course—but interest continued to accumulate on the original debt. Meanwhile the number of golf rounds played at park board courses had dropped in half from its peak in 1928—from more than 170,000 to less than 90,000. At the time the park board operated four courses; Meadowbrook had also opened, but Hiawatha had not yet been built.
In the late 1930s, the course operated at a loss and debt continued to mount. As the economy recovered in the early 1940s during Word War II, golf gained popularity even with so many citizens gone to war. There was hope that when the "boys" came home, golf would pick up. Wirth wrote in 1945 in his memoirs that it was not "unreasonable" to anticipate that the future would bring better things for the course.
Even with the return to peace, however, it became evident that the park board would not be able anytime soon to make good on its 1924 contract with Armour. By 1946 rounds played at the course had jumped to a record of 31,000, but still the course earned only a little more than $3,500, nearly $12,000 short of simply paying annual interest on the contract by that time. At the end of that year the board owed more than $365,000 under the original contract and its prospects for ever paying off the debt from golf course earnings were slim.
Finally in 1947, Armour must have recognized the impossibility of the situation and informed the park board that it was in default and that it had thirty days to make good on the contract. If it didn't, title to the land would revert to Armour. Armour already had a buyer for the land, the cemetery across St. Anthony Parkway from the golf course.
The park board took the news to the city council, which quickly approved the issuance of $320,000 in city bonds to buy the land from Armour. In its final act of goodwill toward the park board, Armour agreed to compute the interest it had been owed for 23 years without compounding. The bonds were issued and Armour was paid on October 25, 1947. Finally, after 23 years, the park board owned Gross Golf Course outright.
In the end the park board was right that taxpayers would not have to pay for a golf course. It just took much longer than the board thought it would in 1924. By agreement with the city council and board of estimate and taxation, the bonds issued in 1947 were retired by devoting ten cents (raised to 12 cents in 1964) from every round of golf played on all five Minneapolis golf courses to paying off the debt. The $390,000 needed to pay off the bonds and interest was finally reached in 1967.
The park board may have paid a high price indirectly, however, for the acquisition of Gross Golf Course in 1947. After 17 years of no acquisitions and few improvements to the park system, the board had compiled a lengthy list of "post-war progress" projects for which it needed bond funds. A small fraction of those projects were funded over the next twenty years. While taxpayers did not pay for the golf course directly, many other desirable park projects were not funded with bonds, because of the city debt issued to buy the course.
The modest original clubhouse at Gross was remodeled in 1949 and enlarged in 1963 with the addition of a basement. The 1963 improvements and the relocation of four tees and the lengthening of fairways were done in preparation for hosting the 1964 National Amateur Public Links tournament at Gross.
In 1966 a couple acres of park land south of Gross Golf Course were taken by the state department of transportation for the construction of freeway I-35E. The park board was paid $291,000 for that land. The loss of that land did not have an impact on the golf course.
The golf course was put to a new use in the late 1970s with the creation of cross country ski trails. The twice-remodeled clubhouse at Gross was demolished in 1985 and replaced with a new $1 million dollar facility.
Despite lagging other city courses in rounds played for the first 60 years of its existence, in 1987 Gross set an all-time record for rounds played at any Minneapolis course at 62,000. It broke the record of 58,000 rounds played at Hiawatha in 1963. The golf rounds played at Gross, as at all other city park courses, have gradually declined since 2000, dropping from the mid-50,000s into the low-40,000s.
In 2004 Gross became the third city golf course to have a First Tee learning center, which provides additional practice spaces and another source of revenue from park board golf courses.
In 2013 Gross added two golf simulators, which allow golfers to practice year-round on replicas of some of the world's most famous courses.
History through 2008 written by David C. Smith, with updates from 2009 to present written by MPRB.
Lake Hiawatha and Lake Calhoun Beaches Temporarily Closing.


text:
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text:
Major (NC) - Available
If you have a soft spot for the awkward kid at the dance then Major might just be your guy. Major is a tall handsome lanky boy with movie star brown eyes and no clue how to mingle. He is currently working on his social and world navigation skills. Right now he is anxious around new people and in new environments. With proper and slow introductions Major warms up. Be warned, once he warms up he will want to play tug of war for hours. His hobbies include riding in the car (he is an excellent passenger). Dining out (plain donut holes are always waiting for him) kissing, talking and (sort of) long walks. If you have room in your life for a big goofball and the patience to help him learn how to navigate in the world please consider Major for that empty space on your sofa.


text:
As I reported last time, I'm re-reading my own books as I think through my new series and work on revamping my web site. I made a discovery the other day. I realized that I seem to have a habit of having a "walk-on" character appear and then later re-appear to play a role in the resolution of the story.
As I re-read, I am recalling how these characters "came to me" as I was imagining a scene. They were there, complete in every respect. My protagonist, Lizzie, or another character that she was observing had a passing exchange with the "walk-on" character. Then the scene moved on. These characters were there to provide information, local color, and/or allow Lizzie to make an observation about herself or someone else. Later, they walked back into a scene -- surprise! I say "surprise" because I'm pretty sure I never expected to see them again. But somehow they burrowed their way into my subconscious.
And this raises a tricky writing problem -- how not to make a character a stereotype while at the same time not making him or her so memorable that readers think you're giving them a "pay attention" nudge. I noticed that in both cases (in the two books) when a walk-on character later reappeared, I had given him or her a name and distinguishing characteristics. One character wore a wool scarf around his neck and was in the habit of calling out a military command. Another character, in a book set in England, had a Southern accent and red hair. There was another time when a character would have been remembered if she had shown up again. But I did not give that character a name, apparently recognizing in my subconscious that her deep melancholy limited her usefulness.
I am fascinated to discover this about my own writing because my first non-fiction book was about the history of black characters in crime and detective fiction. I discussed the stereotyping of walk-on and minor characters (blacks and other racial/ethnic) in Golden Age classic detective fiction and hard-boiled detective fiction. So maybe that awareness of stereotypes is one of the reasons that I give my walk-on and minor characters slots in my subconscious. Or maybe that happens with many writers. No small parts -- we may need to pull even the briefly seen character out for later use in the book.
Rick Blechta, Aline Templeton, Vicki Delany, Frankie Bailey, John Corrigan, Barbara Fradkin, Donis Casey, Charlotte Hinger, Mario Acevedo, Sybil Johnson, and Thomas Kies — always ready to Type M for MURDER. "One of 100 Best Creative Writing Blogs." — Colleges Online. "Typing" since 2006!
Friday, July 20, 2012
No Small Parts
Posted by Frankie Y. Bailey at 10:42 am
2 comments:
- Hannah Dennison said...
How fascinating Frankie! I'm now determined to reread my books and see if I have walk-on characters, too.
- 12:56 pm
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|Jake Sweeney Auto Parts
Cincinnati, OH
Part 14052026 Has Been Superseded
- 14043693 is interchangeable with 14052026 since October 1, 1983 for the U.S. market;
- 14032790 is interchangeable with 14043693 since May 1, 1983 for the U.S. market;
- 00476901 was replaced with 14032790 on September 1, 1982 for the U.S. market.
Cars 14052026 door Fits
Parts Related To 14052026 door:
- Panel 00467907
- Pinion 00476907
- Cover 00476916
- Gasket 00476927
- Clamp 00744245
- Cap 00998973
- Spring 04813235
- Line 08885706