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Skip to comments.Taxpayer Millions, Lithium Ion and Rich People Just Don't Mix Well (Elon Musk)
Posted on 02/12/2013 9:29:15 AM PST by jazusamo
Undoubtedly alternative energy and transportation innovator Elon Musk (Flickr photo: Jurvetson) like his competitor for the taxpayer-funded, six-figure electric automobile market Henrik Fisker is a smart guy. But will economic and technological realities humble him, or worse, make him look like a fool?
After the experiencerecounted last week by New York Times journalist John Broder, who test drove the Tesla Model S in frigid conditions that required frequent unplanned recharging stops throughout the Northeast, humility is out of the question for Musk. The jury is still out on inanity.
The Times published Broders devastating account on Friday. The plan was for the reporter to set out from the Washington, D.C. area and examine the claims that the Model S battery has a 300-mile range on a full charge, utilizing the carefully spaced new superchargers located at rest areas in Newark, Del. and Milford, Conn. approximately 200 miles apart. Broder explained that the 480-volt superchargers (other companies amusingly call them fast chargers) require 30 minutes of juicing to provide 150 miles of range, with an hour needed to fully charge the EV.
The first leg of the trip, from D.C. to the Delaware station, was uneventful, according to Broder. However the recharging process doesnt sound like it went as promoted, requiring 50 minutes to fully power the half-drained lithium ion battery.
From there it was all-downhill, and not in the gliding wheeee! sense of the term. Rather, Broder noticed a dramatic, sudden drop on the battery indicator, and realized he would need to preserve his power by turning off cabin heat (outside temperatures were in the 30s) and slow down to 54 miles-per-hour, realizing that making it to Milford would be dicey. Range anxiety set in.
All the while, Broder wrote, my feet were freezing and my knuckles were turning white.
The remainder of his experience ( it must be read to be believed) only got worse. Suffice it to say it was filled with fits, starts, warning signals, an overnight loss in 10-degree Connecticut weather of 65 miles of range, unplanned hours of slower-than-expected travel, and ultimately a tow-away.
Fortunately, Broder observed, the cab of the tow truck was toasty.
Following his report, Teslas stock price promptly plummeted. According to Bloomberg shares declined up to 4.4 percent the biggest intraday drop since Dec. 13 before recovering slightly. That sent Musk into emergencyTwitter mode on Monday, looking to mitigate the damage. In consecutive posts, he wrote:
NYTimes article about Tesla range in cold is fake. Vehicle logs tell true story that he didn't actually charge to max & took a long detour.
Tesla blog coming soon detailing what actually happened on Broders NYTimes range test. Also lining up other journalists to do same drive.
Whats that about picking fights with those who buy ink by the barrel (or pixels by the peck)? Shortly afterward Musk moderated his tone a bit, by posting, Am not against NYTimes in general. Theyre usually fair & their own prev(ious) Tesla test drive got 300+ miles of range!
Still, calling a New York Times reporters work fake (unless youre a conservative, which Musk is NOT) does not sound conciliatory to someone who is otherwise sympathetic. Instead it conjures images of Jayson Blair, which will not get the Gray Lady on your good side.
And thats pretty much what Musk did in an interview with CNBC on Monday. He characterized the article as something of a setup, and accused Broder of taking a detour through Manhattan after not starting his trip fully charged. But according to Broder, the Model S was delivered to him by a Tesla representative and the vehicle was fully charged, which got him to Delaware. Only afterward while passing through New Jersey did he begin to recognize dramatic power loss, according to his report. So either Broder is telling the truth, or hes been possessed by the Blair demon.
Right or wrong, Musks approach without working out what happened with Broder is risky and puts his companys credibility on the line. It is also reminiscent of Fiskers tactic last May, when a fire was caused by one of their extended-range electric Karmas, which led to extensive damage to the home of a Texas owner. Afterward Fisker suggested possible fraud or malicious intent was involved, which the customer did not appreciate. After another fire, in California last August, Fisker struck a similar tone that emphasized the fact that no one was hurt, rather than show concern for the losses of the Karma owner.
No injuries were reported; the vehicle was parked; and the fire was extinguished safely by the emergency services, a company statement said, dryly.
At least the Tesla Model S didnt catch fire. But Musks reaction nonetheless exhibits a bit of hubris, which is especially distasteful from a man who asked for, and received, a $465 million loan guarantee from U.S. taxpayers to help build his $101,000 toy electric car for rich people.
For all his smarts, Musk actually is pretty dependent on the government dime. He is best known as co-founder of the company that became PayPal , and is now chairman of SolarCity and CEO of Tesla and SpaceX, the private space flight company. According to the Center for Responsive Politics, SolarCity spent $535,000 in 2009 and 2010 to lobby Congress and the Department of Energy on climate legislation, the Recovery Act, green workforce training and development, and provisions in various legislation relevant to solar development. SolarCity also sought to extend a program that delivered to manufacturers an upfront cash grant in lieu of a 30 percent Investment Tax Credit (called the Section 1603 grant program). Through the middle of last year, according to DOE reports, SolarCity had received more than $66 million from that program.
The company also won a partial guarantee from DOE of a $344 million loan that would place up to 160,000 rooftop solar installations on military housing across the country.
Similarly, Musks Tesla Motors spent $480,000 from 2007 to 2011 to lobby Congress, the White House, EPA and DOE on climate and energy issues, the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing loan program, the Promoting Electric Vehicles Act, and the Recovery Act. That was rewarded with the $465 million loan.
Speaking of audacity, while taxpayers ponied up to subsidize Musks schemes and dreams, late last year he bought a mansion in ritzy Bel Air, Calif., for $17 million. According to the Wall Street Journal, the 20,248-square-foot home has six bedrooms, nine bathrooms, five fireplaces, a wine cellar that holds 1,000 bottles of wine and a two-story library. The property overlooks Bel-Air Country Club and includes a lighted tennis court, five garages, a pool and spa, gym and guest quarters.
And most recently, earlier this month, Musk felt so good about himself that heintruded intoBoeings business by offering help with the disastrousDreamliner shutdown. Calling Boeings lithium ion battery packs inherently unsafe, he boasted that neither Tesla or SpaceX ever had fires, despite fly(ing) high-capacity lithium-ion battery packs in our rockets and spacecraft, which are subject to much higher loads than commercial aircraft and have to function all the way from sea level air pressure to vacuum.
Musk might be right. He might even be able to help. But he also needs the taxpayers help, obviously, and the medias. The arrogant attitude and cavalier flaunting of his personal riches, while acting desensitized to those he needs, will wear thin quickly. Hes yet another character the government gives millions to that makes you shake your head.
Paul Chesser is an associate fellow for the National Legal and Policy Center and publishes CarolinaPlottHound.com , an aggregator of North Carolina news.
In the old days they would call Elon Musk "a confidence man," always ready to sell the latest and greatest brand of snake-oil.
It goes for about $100K and does not perform as they've advertised. It probably has a niche for the filthy rich as an enviro-nazis status symbol but why should taxpayers grant subsidies or guaranteed loans to a billionaire to produce it and help the rich buy it?
We shouldn't, period!
Top Gear UK's James May test drove the car and loved it except for the fact that it was electric.
Musk and his posts calling Broder a liar are fully in keeping with the personality of "Mr Make Kissy Lips at Obama" Musk.
Musk always goes after anyone who tells the truth about the car.
Anyway, according to a troll from the prior thread on Musk, Musk has more than enough money of his own to finance the car out of his opwn pocket -he doesn't need taxpayer subsidies to do it.
I read that story by John Broder yesterday of his test drive in the Northeast in cold weather, it's hilarious.
I can understand why Musk must have been livid.
Yep, and I believe he could fully afford to finance it himself but the conman doesn't want to risk his own money, he prefers to risk investors and taxpayers money.
The season premier of Top gear was classic Clarkson.
"A lot of poo just shot out"
You're right and anyone who'd buy an electric that lives in an area where it gets 10 degrees or below has to have rocks in their head, they'd either have to have a second car or they'd stay home a lot.
Musk is pretty good at selling the public too.
My buddy's daughter put down $5 grand deposit on a new Tesla SUV that won't even be built until 2014, LOL.
There really is one born every minute....
I can't believe the Brits even allow that thing on the highway. :0)
That's funny, she's got to have more money than brains. LOL!
Thread about Musk and his ability to sucker money from government.
[Buys 17million dollar home, received 465 million dolar loan. True Believer in thread keeps boosting how much Musk is worth and doesn't se what the problem is.]
I think that's the same clown who told me that its just fine for Michael Bloomberg to use his money to manipulate national politics because he's rich.
We seem to have such morons on here way too often.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Imagine that all the cars in your neighborhood were simply taken away and replaced with green alternatives. Living without fossil-fueled motor vehicles might seem beyond the realm of possibility, but the city of Suwon in South Korea is taking on the challenge this September. The densely populated neighborhood of Haenggung-dong has been designated as a car-free zone for the month of September, and citizens have been given a variety of human-powered and electric vehicles as part of the EcoMobility World Festival.
Inhabitants of Suwon are taking up a safe, low-carbon lifestyle in order to showcase the city's new people-oriented green transport system. Mayor Yeom Tae-young said: "With this Festival, we strive to deliver the message that an ecomobile city is possible. We aim to lead and inspire other cities around the world to follow suit."
Residents and visitors are currently testing a variety of human powered and electric vehicles from nearly 40 manufacturers – including prototypes such as the Minimove Kicktrike, foldable electric Yikebikes and even a customized ambulance bike from Gobax. Events such as races, street markets and an environmental film festival have created a interactive and inclusive celebration of alternative transportion. So far over 310,000 visitors have come to Suwon to take part, test out futuristic vehicles, listen in on presentations, and experience a car-free city in action.
Located 30 km from Seoul, Suwon was Korea's first planned city. It's hoped that the month of festivities coordinated by ICLEI and UNHabitat could pave the way for long-lasting changes in how urban spaces are used, starting a shift towards a fossil fuel-free future. Inhabitat also recently reported that Scotland will ban petrol and diesel cars from city centres by 2050. Which world city will be the quickest to take up the challenge?
Images © ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability


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Professor Neville Morley
Professor in Classics and Ancient History
01392 724242
I've worked in Exeter since 2016, and research and teach in three different areas of ancient history:
(i) ancient economic and social history, including trade, urbanisation, slavery, agriculture and demography, with a particular focus on Roman Italy and the city of Rome;
(ii) the reception and influence of ancient texts and examples in the modern world, especially in the social sciences, with a particular focus on the influence of the Greek historian Thucydides in historiography and political theory;
(iii) theoretical and methodological approaches to ancient history, especially social-scientific approaches.
I've recently written a polemical little book on Classics: why it matters, forthcoming from Polity, and am currently working on Marx and Antiquity (OUP), as well as developing research projects on Thucydides and modern political theory and on Roman economic thought.
I am an Einstein Visiting Fellow at the Freie Universitaet Berlin, as part of an ongoing collaboration with colleagues there studying change and instability in the ancient world and its modern interpretation.
Research interests
I have three main research areas - though in practice they overlap and influence one another, as well as leading in new directions.
(i) Ancient economic and social history, including trade, urbanisation, slavery, agriculture and demography, with a particular focus on Roman Italy and the city of Rome. I have published monographs on the impact of the city of Rome on the Italian economy and on approaches to trade in classical antiquity, as well as articles and chapters on a wide range of economic topics. I am currently working on a series of article-length pieces on Roman economic thought and the Roman agronomists, seeking to develop a proper understanding of the concepts and values that shaped Roman thinking about economic matters. In the longer term, I have an interest in exploring the relationship between economy and ecology - the role of the environment in shaping economic structures - in the ancient Mediterranean.
(ii) The reception and influence of ancient texts and examples in the modern world, especially in the social sciences, with a particular focus on the influence of the Greek historian Thucydides in historiography and political theory. I have written on the development of different conceptions of 'modernity' and the contrast with 'antiquity' in the nineteenth century, as well as chapters on important figures like Marx and Nietzsche, and am currently working on a monograph on Marx and Antiquity. I ran a four-year research project, funded by the AHRC, on Thucydides: reception, reinterpretation and influence, which considered the modern reception of the ancient Greek historian in different fields, especially historiography; I am currently developing a follow-on project that will focus on his place within different traditions of political thought and social science.
(iii) Theoretical and methodological approaches to ancient history, especially social-scientific approaches. I have written about the rhetorical structures of economic history, quantitative methods, translation, and conceptions of time and change; further, my work on Thucydides is directly concerned with the dynamics of the relationship between history and social science.
As well as the above, I am currently working on a short book on Classics: why it matters, and have plans in the longer term for a monograph on classical themes in the work of the German novelist Christa Wolf.
Research collaborations
I am currently an Einstein Visiting Fellow in Berlin, working with a research group at the Freie Universitaet led by Professor Christian Wendt, in conjunction with the TOPOI Excellence Cluster, studying the theme of political change and transformation in fifth-century BCE Greece: 'Bewegung als Prinzip'. This collaboration is primarily research-focused, but we are also working together on the development of passages of Thucydides as a resource for schools, as a basis for encouraging debate around citizenship and other political issues.
Research supervision
I am happy to discuss research proposals related to any of my interests: ancient economic and social history, Thucydides and his reception, ancient and modern political thought, the modern influence of ancient ideas, and historiography and historical theory. Topics studied by students I have supervised in the past include the city in late antique Gaul and Britain, money and the economy in the Roman empire, Thucydides in seventeenth-century political thought, the reception of Thucydides in modern military education, Michel de Montaigne's reading of Sparta, and ancient and modern ideas of plague.
External impact and engagement
I am developing a project to make use of extracts from the work of the ancient Greek historian Thucydides as a basis for promoting critical debate about politics, citizenship and power in schools. This includes performance of a special adaptation of The Melian Dialogue (see this version) and other key passages, and will involve the creation (in collaboration with teachers) of a range of written and web-based resources. I am also working on a series of YouTube videos, both talking about Thucydides and presenting extracts from his text in new formats.
I blog regularly about my research, about the reception of Thucydides and his potential relevance to contemporary issues, and about anything else that catches my interest, at http://thesphinxblog.com, and on Twitter @NevilleMorley. I also seek to correct misquotations and misappropriations of Thucydides on Twitter, via the Thucydiocy Bot (@Thucydiocy).
Contribution to discipline
Editorial Board, Journal of Roman Studies
Associate Editor, Classical Receptions Journal.
Area Editor for Economic History, Oxford Classical Dictionary Online.
Standing Committee member, Council of University Classics Departments
Network Co-Chair for 'Antiquity' section of the European Social Science History Conference (https://esshc.socialhistory.org/)
Editorial Board, Classical Receptions in Twentieth-Century Writing, Bloomsbury.
Editorial Board, Thoukidideia, Vandenhoek & Rupprecht
I studied History and then Classics at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, continuing on to a PhD, under the supervision of Peter Garnsey, on the city of Rome and its influence on the economy of Italy. I worked as a temporary lecturer in Classics at the University of Wales Lampeter (as it then was) in 1994-5 before moving to a lectureship in Bristol, where I spent more than twenty years, working my way up to a personal chair, and also serving for eight years as Undergraduate Dean and Faculty Education Director. I moved to Exeter in 2016 in search of new challenges and exciting new colleagues - while being very happy to remain in the West Country, where in my spare time I grow vegetables, brew, make sausages and salami, and play jazz guitar very badly.


text: INDIANAPOLIS (AP) -- In their ongoing efforts to soothe tempers after weeks of computer problems at Indiana's license branches, Gov. Mitch Daniels and the agency's head have apologized so far to about 350 people upset by the branches' long lines. Daniels and Bureau of Motor Vehicles Commissioner Joel Silverman have apologized to angry motorists through letters, e-mails and occasional phone calls. In a few cases, they've even delivered a handwritten note, said BMV spokesman Greg Cook. "We are trying to reach out to our customers in any way we can," he said. Silverman has responded to about 50 people via e-mail, phone calls or letters, Cook said, adding that other top BMV managers have tried to answer some motorists' grievances personally. Daniels alone has sent out nearly 300 typed letters to people who have complained about their recent BMV service, said his spokeswoman, Jane Jankowski. The ongoing efforts come as the BMV continues to struggle with a $32 million computer system installed in early July that's caused technical problems which have led to lengthy wait times at license branches. Cook said average wait times have declined since the system was first installed. But the state's efforts to apologize for the problems continue. In at least one case, a new vehicle registration was hand-delivered Sunday along with a handwritten apology. Dennis Ryerson, editor of The Indianapolis Star, received a note from Silverman and the registration, delivered to his Indianapolis home by a BMV employee. Ryerson had detailed problems he experienced in renewing his vehicle's registration in an Aug. 6 column in The Star. The messenger, Steve Wacker, who works in the BMV's registration processing department, told Ryerson -- who had already paid for his renewal -- that he was delivering registrations to some people in an effort to improve perceptions about BMV customer service. "Although I would have liked you to experience our branches and how well things are working, I thought hand-delivering these would be more pleasant," Silverman wrote in his message to Ryerson. Cook said Silverman has written letters to other customers besides Ryerson. He said Wacker has hand-delivered BMV documents to about 20 people.


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Kimberly Breeden, MS, OTR/L has been working in occupational therapy and rehabilitation since 1994. She completed her graduate work in 2014 at Belmont University receiving her Masters of Science in Occupational Therapy degree. Her experience includes clinical practice in the treatment of adults in skilled nursing, in-patient rehabilitation, acute care, outpatient and home health. Kimberly has 12 years of administrative experience in operations, compliance and program development. She was promoted to Regional Director of Operations and later Corporate Director of Operations for a multi-state contract therapy company. She has also worked as Marketing and Admissions Coordinator and Regional Rehabilitation Services Manager for skilled nursing for St. Mary's Health System.
Kimberly is a founding member and currently serves on the Tennessee Falls Prevention Coalition. She also serves on the Knoxville Safety Task Force. She is a member of the Phi Theta Epsilon honor society for occupational therapy students and alumni and a Clinical Fieldwork Instructor for Roane State Community College's Occupational Therapy Assistant program. She was chosen for the Stepping On falls prevention training program to be completed in July of 2015.
Kimberly joined the PCET team in 2014 excited to compliment the multidisciplinary team approach by offering training in body mechanics, falls prevention, posture retraining, self- management and coping skills training to help clients increase their functional abilities and quality of life.


text: The blog post today is very clear and supports what Elon stated last night... "Every single Model S now rolling out of the factory includes a forward radar, 12 long range ultrasonic sensors positioned to sense 16 feet around the car in every direction at all speeds, a forward looking camera, and a high precision, digitally controlled electric assist braking system." Dual Motor Model S and Autopilot | Blog | Tesla Motors :biggrin: The blog continues... "The introduction of this hardware is just the first step for Autopilot in Model S. We will continue to develop new capabilities and deliver them through over-the-air software updates, keeping our customers at the forefront of driving technology." ... more is to come. ALSO - this next segment explains WHY my car came with all this other stuff... "Our commitment to continuous improvement extends to other features of Model S, and we have recently made several updates to the car, including: Seat comfort improvements and taller headrests for whiplash protection Improvements for a quieter cabin Wider rear door opening Increased visor size and larger vanity mirror Parcel shelf and front trunk cargo net now standard Air ionizer and carbon filter for cabin air purity Updated steering column Updates to Alcantara interior trim, such as wrapped roof bow and top pad"


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Published: 28 July 2014 at 15:28
Agreement to boost leadership skills amongst construction industry workers
The skills void that has hampered house building in recent years will be addressed by a new degree course from Anglia Ruskin University.
The construction and house-building industries have been hit by a lack of expertise following the recent recession, and the lack of new developments is resulting in sky-high house prices. However, a new agreement between two construction service providers and Anglia Ruskin will provide a bespoke business management programme allowing workers to gain vital management theory and practice.
Jon Bouffler, Director of Learning Development Services at Anglia Ruskin, said:
Tamdown and TriConnex have signed an agreement with Anglia Ruskin, which will launch the three-year honours degree in September under its Degrees at Work programme. It is funded by both Tamdown and TriConnex and will include work-based training, drawing upon expertise of senior management from both firms.
Mark Waine, Group HR Director for Tamdown and TriConnex, said:
The course addresses areas such as team and customer management, business planning and innovation workshops and will be structured to allow employees to remain focused on their jobs and have the flexibility to study at a time that best suits them.
Mike Morris, Chairman of Tamdown & TriConnex said:


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Consensus is forming on what steps to take in cutting the deficit
Monday, November 22, 2010; 12:47 AM
After an election dominated by vague demands for less debt and smaller government, the sacrifices necessary to achieve those goals are coming into sharp focus. Big cuts at the Pentagon. Higher taxes, including those on home ownership and health care. Smaller Social Security checks and higher Medicare premiums.
A debate is raging over the size and shape of those changes, particularly the wisdom of cutting Social Security benefits. But a surprisingly broad consensus is forming around the actions required to stabilize borrowing and ease fears of a European-style debt crisis in the United States. As a presidential commission struggles to build political momentum for such a package, even Republicans who initially opposed the commission's creation are still at the negotiating table.
"I'm open to everything if it gets us where we need to go," said Sen. Tom Coburn (Okla.), who is emerging as one of the GOP's most influential voices on budget issues. "This is going to require compromise, even from someone as conservative as me."
Coburn is among a dozen lawmakers serving on the independent commission that President Obama created to help rebalance the federal budget. The panel will conclude its work after Thanksgiving with a vote that will reveal whether a convincing majority of its 18 members can agree on a deficit-reduction strategy.
Whatever the outcome, the plan unveiled this month by co-chairmen Erskine B. Bowles, a chief of staff in the Clinton White House, and Alan K. Simpson, a former Republican senator from Wyoming, has been respectfully received with a few exceptions by both parties. Its major elements are also winning support from a striking line-up of commentators.
Former AARP chief Bill Novelli, who sits on a separate budget-balancing panel, has acknowledged the need to trim benefits to make Social Security solvent for future generations. This second panel is chaired by Alice M. Rivlin, a budget director under President Clinton, and Pete Domenici, a former Republican senator from New Mexico.
Former Oklahoma governor Frank Keating, a conservative Republican who also sits on their panel, acknowledged the need for more tax revenue, saying lower income-tax rates paired with a national sales tax constitute "for me as a conservative, excellent public policy."
Meanwhile, a chorus of retired military officers and national security experts has backed the call to reduce spending at the Pentagon for the first time since the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks.
"It is simply not going to be viable, either economically or politically, to exempt defense from the cuts that are coming," said Gordon Adams, who oversaw military budgets during the Clinton administration. "Events over the past two weeks have begun to snowball to put defense, as well as every other form of federal spending, on the table."
The strange bedfellows are a "testament to the moderate nature" of the ideas under discussion, Domenici said. For those who have taken the measure of the debt abyss, including the threat of $1 trillion annual interest payments by the end of the decade, "this is not extreme."
After hours of talks by the presidential deficit commission, which includes some of most liberal and conservative lawmakers in Congress, Bowles said it is clear that "there is common ground there."
"If this town decides it really wants to come together and solve this today," he said, "it's doable."


text: This pair of boys pants are Faded Glory in brand and NEW WITH TAGS. The waist band on these pants is stretchable elastic with two ties on the front. The color of these pants is beige. Underneath each side of the waist band are two large pockets. Further down the leg, there are two pockets. These pockets have folded over tops that secure closed with velcro. On the back of these pants, on the right hand side, is a pocket. The size of these pants is listed on the tag as a size M (8). The material of these pants is listed on the tag as being made out of 100% cotton.


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From Parameters, Spring 1995, pp. 104-115.
To begin a study of American theater-level organization and conduct of special operations in the war with Japan, one can consider two images. First, picture native stevedores at a port in the occupied Philippines unloading, under cover of darkness, crates of cigarettes, matches, chewing gum, candy bars, sewing kits, and pencils from a huge cargo submarine, each item bearing the inscription "I shall return" over a facsimile of the signature of General Douglas MacArthur. Then imagine Lieutenant General Joseph W. Stilwell at lunch with members of his personal staff in the dining room of the Imperial Hotel in New Delhi, India when, at an adjacent table, an officer of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) stands up and opens his bush jacket. Five pigeons, freed from confinement, rush into the air and disappear through an open window in the ceiling. The general leaps from his chair, but, after a momentary glare at the perpetrator, resumes his seat and his meal without further ado.[1]
The two vignettes say much about MacArthur, Stilwell, and their respective approaches to special operations in the Southwest Pacific and China-Burma-India theaters. MacArthur appears in his role, both bestowed and self-manufactured, as symbol of resistance, spiritual leader, and redeemer of the Philippine nation in its hour of need. Stilwell comes across as the hard-boiled pragmatist who could tolerate a band of free-spirited eccentrics as long as they produced results. In the context of an Army which had given little prewar thought to what we today call special operations, each commander had to make his own way in a largely unfamiliar field with little if any guidance from doctrine on the place of special operations in theater organization and strategy. Considering the contributions which special operations made in the two theaters, they did quite well.
The Aristocrat and the Doughboy
The suave, charismatic MacArthur seemed uniquely qualified to direct special operations in the Southwest Pacific theater (SWPA). Imaginative, widely read, with a quick, flexible intellect, he sensed the importance of spiritual and moral, as opposed to material, factors in warfare, and he knew from history and his father's own experiences in the Philippines how effective a force of guerrillas could be. Even for an American Army officer, his extensive experience and close ties with the Philippines were unusual. He had lived much of his life in the islands, adopting them as his home, and he had long been involved in the task of creating a national identity for the Philippines, notably through his service as field marshal of the fledgling Philippine army in the years before the war. He had a keen sense for Filipino politics and had established close friendships with Filipino leaders, particularly Commonwealth President Manuel Quezon, the godfather of MacArthur's son and contributor of a $500,000 nest egg to his former field marshal's bank account. These considerable ties of emotion and self interest were sealed by MacArthur's genuine and deep sense of obligation to those he had left behind on Bataan and Corregidor and his near obsessive need to remove the blot of those defeats from his record.[2]
In most respects, Stilwell was about as different from MacArthur as can be imagined. In contrast with MacArthur's aloofness, urbane grace, and aristocratic paternalism, Vinegar Joe prided himself on his candor, lack of polish or pretension, and identification with the common soldier. Having served extensively in China during the interwar years, he knew the country and could speak Chinese fluently, but his tendency to let people know what he thought of them ill-suited him for a post with such strong diplomatic overtones. Yet, the abrasive exterior concealed a keen intelligence, a willingness to innovate, and, like MacArthur, an unusually great sensitivity to Asiatic cultures. His acid was balanced by a human kindness and an ironic sense of humor which could tolerate the mavericks often found in the special operations community. Like MacArthur, Stilwell had a score to settle. For a man who had despised the Japanese since a visit to Japan in the 1920s, defeat in the Burma campaign of early 1942 must have been a bitter pill to swallow. He was, therefore, inclined to be open-minded toward anyone who could help him avenge that defeat and regain Burma.[3]
From the time he assumed command of US Army forces in the Far East in July 1941, MacArthur displayed both an interest in special operations and a desire to keep independent practitioners out of his theater. Early in his tenure, he maneuvered to cut Philippine High Commissioner Francis B. Sayre out of war preparations, and he would manage to limit the Department of the Interior's role in Philippine affairs for the rest of the war. Similarly, he and his staff blocked all attempts by William J. Donovan's OSS to gain a foothold in the theater until the closing days of the conflict. Brigadier General Charles A. Willoughby, SWPA's vain and domineering intelligence chief, later claimed that MacArthur, in the midst of a shooting war, could not afford to wait for the new OSS to establish itself in the theater, but the explanation does not ring entirely true. MacArthur and his staff were apparently suspicious of semi-autonomous agencies with a separate chain of command back to Washington, and they also believed themselves to be quite capable of handling special operations in the Philippines without any help from the OSS.[4]
MacArthur's expertise in special operations was belied by his initial performance. Before the outbreak of the war, he had given some thought to guerrilla warfare by Filipino reservists and had taken steps to organize an underground intelligence service among Filipino officials and American residents of the islands, but these plans amounted to very little. MacArthur overestimated both the time available before the Japanese attack and the ability of his force to halt the enemy on the beaches, and he did not want to dampen Filipino morale by premature preparations for guerrilla warfare. When the Japanese broke through his beach defenses, forcing a withdrawal into Bataan, MacArthur improvised as best he could, organizing an intelligence net based in Manila, sending officers behind Japanese lines to organize resistance, and accelerating preparations for guerrilla operations in Mindanao and the other southern islands. Evacuated to Australia, he hoped to direct guerrilla warfare from his theater headquarters there. Unfortunately for his plans, the War Department designated Lieutenant General Jonathan M. Wainwright as the commander of all American troops in the Philippines, and, when Wainwright surrendered in May 1942, he ordered all units under his command to follow suit, uprooting most of the seeds sown by MacArthur. Not until late 1942 did a largely spontaneous guerrilla movement finally contact MacArthur in Australia.[5]
Whereas MacArthur was interested in special operations from the beginning, Stilwell had to be sold on such activities. An orthodox soldier and admirer of infantry, he initially dismissed guerrilla warfare and sabotage as "illegal action" and wanted to concentrate on building a powerful Chinese army. Nevertheless, the potential for special operations in his China-Burma-India theater (CBI) drew the kind of entrepreneurs that MacArthur had kept out of the Philippines. When Commander Milton S. Miles arrived in May 1942 with vague orders from the Navy Department to undertake operations which would do maximum possible damage to the enemy, Stilwell, eager to hit back at the Japanese in some way, gave him free and exclusive control over special operations in CBI. Two months later, Major Carl Eifler, an old acquaintance from Stilwell's interwar service on the Mexican border,[6] appeared in Chungking at the head of an OSS mission that Stilwell had initially rejected. The CBI commander sent him to Burma, as much to keep him clear of Miles in China as for any other reason. Over time, Stilwell's estimation of special operations rose, partly due to his close relationship with Eifler and partly out of fascination with the Kachin natives among whom Eifler's OSS Detachment 101 worked, but mostly because of the valuable intelligence which Eifler's men were providing by early 1943.[7]
Command and Control
Both Stilwell and MacArthur dealt directly with their special operations chiefs but at different levels of involvement. While MacArthur left many details of Philippine affairs in the hands of his chief of staff, Lieutenant General Richard K. Sutherland, he insisted on personally interviewing escaped prisoners and returning agents from the islands and otherwise kept in close touch with developments through Colonel Courtney A. Whitney, whom Sutherland brought into the theater in May 1943 to take charge of the Philippine Regional Section. A former lawyer and acquaintance of MacArthur in prewar Manila, Whitney has acquired a reputation as a sycophant who, according to Paul Rogers, "simply mirrored what he thought was the true MacArthur." Attempting to pacify an aggrieved guerrilla leader, Whitney wrote:
In my own case when recommendations I have made have been partially or wholly disapproved, despite my conviction that I was right in the first instance, I have always sought to find the soundness in his [MacArthur's] decision and I have never failed to do so. This results in a wholehearted acceptance of adverse decisions and much happier resulting service. I think that once you realize that it is General MacArthur and he alone who defines all Philippine policies and makes the decisions upon questions emanating from the Islands you too will find the way to see in his decisions, however contrary to your views, constructive soundness. By that I do not mean that we are a bunch of "yes" men around the General in these matters--to the contrary we are as independent as a bunch of "hogs on ice." But ours is the pick and shovel work in the orientation of policy for his consideration--his the final word.[8]
Whitney was apparently responsible for the decision to create, in SWPA propaganda, a cult around MacArthur and his pledge to return, a campaign which, however effective in some quarters, led some guerrillas to adopt the derisive motto, "We Remained!" Still, the Colonel did possess a keen, if rather conservative and paternalistic, sense for Philippine issues, and, more important, he enjoyed the ear of his commander.[9]
The emergence of Whitney's Philippine Regional Section (PRS) ignited a turf battle within MacArthur's theater headquarters. Before Whitney arrived, special operations in SWPA, including the work of the PRS, came under the Allied Intelligence Bureau (AIB), an inter-Allied agency which operated under the coordination of Willoughby's intelligence section (G-2). As the activities of the PRS in establishing Filipino agent nets and supporting guerrillas expanded during the spring of 1943, however, the section achieved a semi-independent status, under which Whitney reported directly to MacArthur and Sutherland, although he continued to coordinate his activities through G-2 and relied heavily on the AIB for support. The PRS's status irritated Willoughby, who, in late February 1944, recommended that Philippine activities be split among the staff sections. As Allied forces neared the islands in late May, Sutherland acted, assigning intelligence tasks to G-2, supply to G-4, and direction of guerrillas to the G-3 Operations subsection; but instead of assigning Whitney to G-2 as Willoughby had hoped, he detailed the bulk of the PRS and its chief to G-3 Operations. Despite petty sniping from G-2 over such matters as PRS's waste of maps and poor standards for dispatches, Whitney's stature with MacArthur continued to grow, to the point that by war's end he had become MacArthur's chief confidant.[10]
Compared to MacArthur, Stilwell took a more detached approach to special operations, working directly with Miles and Eifler when necessary but giving them an almost entirely free hand. In theory, the intelligence section of Stilwell's rear headquarters echelon in New Delhi supervised Detachment 101's operations, but in practice Eifler often dealt directly with Stilwell. Eifler would be waiting at the airstrip when Stilwell's plane, dubbed "Uncle Joe's Chariot," made one of its periodic stops in Detachment 101's area. More often than not, Stilwell would notice the burly colonel, call out, "Buffalo Bill! Come on over!" and then introduce Eifler to senior officers as the "Army's number one thug." Eifler would take the opportunity to report, answer questions, and make requests. On at least one occasion, Stilwell intervened to provide Eifler with an advance when his OSS superiors in Washington were not forthcoming with needed funds. Once the 1944 campaign in North Burma began, Detachment 101 came directly under Northern Combat Area Command (NCAC), Stilwell's tactical headquarters, and its activities were controlled by Stilwell in person.[11]
Detachment 101 was fortunate to have direct access to Stilwell, for the special operations chain of command in the CBI theater was a nightmare. At the Navy Department's insistence, Miles had a separate chain of command back to Washington, although Stilwell supposedly had complete authority over Miles where "necessary." To avoid jurisdictional clashes with Miles, Donovan agreed to designate him as the OSS Strategic Services Officer (SSO) for the theater, but the arrangement did not work well. Miles was determined to remain independent of OSS, which, in turn, increasingly saw him as a tool of the Chinese and an obstacle to their plans for an espionage net in China free of foreign control. At first, Stilwell got along well with Miles and backed those activities which he thought might prove productive, but he came to regard Miles as a loose cannon when the latter attempted to expand his sphere by sending liaison officers to the 14th Air Force and Lord Louis Mountbatten's new Southeast Asia Command. After a visit to the theater in late 1943, Donovan removed Miles as OSS's theater chief, relieved an exhausted Eifler, and extensively reorganized OSS in the theater. Colonel John Coughlin became the new SSO, reporting directly to Stilwell and possessing supervisory authority over Detachment 101, now under Colonel W. R. Peers.[12]
Even if special operations agencies could straighten out the chain of command within the theaters, they still faced difficulties in securing cooperation from the more conventional services, which could be counted on to view their unorthodox enterprises with skepticism. Since those agencies were not self-sufficient, they had to rely at least partly on the services for support when the services themselves were struggling with inadequate resources. Fortunately, the services soon understood the benefits that special operations could provide to them. In Burma, Eifler pointed out to the commander of the Air Transport Command the value of operatives who could help downed pilots escape from the forbidding North Burma jungle, and the general arranged for Eifler's command to parachute agents into the region. Tenth Air Force later expressed its gratitude for the target acquisition and other intelligence provided by the detachment by giving an L-5 liaison plane to Peers. In SWPA, the Seventh Fleet was hesitant to divert submarines from other missions to run supplies into the occupied Philippines, but Whitney's PRS offered coast-watcher stations and naval intelligence in return for supply missions and radios. Those missions were arranged by Lieutenant Commander Charles "Chick" Parsons, chief of the PRS's support effort, and Captain A. H. McCollum, Director of Naval Intelligence for the US Seventh Fleet, and they were carried out by Seventh Fleet's "Spy Squadron" of submarines.[13]
Informal working relationships and salesmanship could ease many problems of cooperation between special operations agencies and the services, but they could not always overcome differences among allies separated by politics and culture. In SWPA, the AIB had originally been created in July 1942 to bring under one roof several mainly-Australian organizations involved in intelligence collection, sabotage, and propaganda. An Australian "controller" provided loose coordination under the overall direction of MacArthur's headquarters. Unfortunately, national, philosophical, and personal differences within the AIB caused it to pull in different directions, resulting in its reorganization in early 1943 along the lines of Australian, Dutch, and American spheres of interest, rather than function. From the viewpoint of MacArthur's headquarters, AIB's "intermittent mania for complete independence" and tendency to go off on "semi-political" tangents from the main focus of the theater, the drive to the Philippines, provided a constant irritant. MacArthur's grant of semi-independent status to the PRS, like his designation of Sixth Army as Alamo Force, probably represented a tactic to remove Philippine affairs, in which he possessed both a national and personal interest, from any control by the Australian-dominated AIB.[14]
In CBI, Stilwell had to work not only with the Chinese, but also with the British, sovereign in India and prewar rulers of Burma. Miles may have been correct in his insistence that it was impossible to conduct special operations in China without going through the Chinese government, but that did not make dealing with the byzantine, corrupt Chinese bureaucracy any easier. As for the British bureaucracy in India, it had its own misgivings about special operations and vigorously opposed the establishment of an independent American intelligence net in India. With regard to OSS operations in Burma, it expressed much more tolerance, but OSS Detachment 101's relations with its British allies were often turbulent, particularly when Special Operations Executive/India infringed on what Eifler considered his turf. Into this picture came Lord Mountbatten's new Southeast Asia Command, an Allied headquarters established by the Combined Chiefs of Staff in late 1943 to infuse new vigor into the war in Burma. For the 1944 offensive into Burma, the Allies envisioned an expanded role for Major General Orde C. Wingate's long-range penetration groups, which would include a new American contingent code-named Galahad. The prospect of the only American combat unit in the theater serving under a British general was enough to arouse every Anglophobic instinct in Stilwell, and when Wingate stated that he could not use Galahad before April 1944, Stilwell prevailed on Mountbatten to transfer Galahad to his control.[15]
Roles and Missions
Along with complications of command and control, MacArthur and Stilwell faced the problem of defining new concepts in a field that had received little attention in the prewar Army. Within SWPA there existed several differing views on the proper role and capabilities of guerrillas. In March 1943, MacArthur, in accord with Quezon's wishes, directed the guerrillas to "lie low" and focus on organization and intelligence. The order seemed sensible at the time and undoubtedly spared many Filipinos from reprisals, but it created problems for guerrilla commanders who found it hard to remain idle in the face of popular demand for action against a brutal occupation. When Whitney arrived in May 1943, he pushed for more aggressive exploitation of the guerrilla potential by forming a battle detachment in every area and arming every guerrilla by the time of liberation. More often than not, his views prevailed, due to MacArthur's emotional commitment to the guerrillas, and the PRS expanded its supply effort into the islands. By the eve of the invasion of Leyte in October 1944, however, SWPA and Sixth Army still took care to list combat intelligence as the primary mission for guerrillas and warned against their use in attacks on fixed positions. Significantly, the guerrillas on Leyte would come under Sixth Army's intelligence section during the invasion.[16]
Within the CBI theater, considerable debate existed over the proper role of long-range penetration groups. The Army guide to these units, taken almost entirely from Wingate's report, stated that they consisted of separate, self-contained columns which, supplied by air and directed by radio from a group headquarters, would operate independently for as long as three months deep in enemy territory. The main point of dispute seems to have been whether these columns would operate more or less independently against Japanese communications or in closer coordination with units in contact with the principal Japanese forces. The orthodox Stilwell took the latter point of view, envisioning Galahad as a kind of strategic cavalry conducting envelopments around the Japanese flank while his Chinese divisions advanced on the enemy front. Whatever his view of Galahad's eventual mission, however, he seems to have viewed this "tough-looking lot" first and foremost as a model, the American combat unit he had long been seeking to show the Chinese how to fight. It is interesting in this regard that the commanders of Galahad, while they noted differences in training and organization between their unit and other American formations, seem to have viewed themselves more as conventional infantrymen than as a special force.[17]
During the initial stages of the drive down the Hukawng Valley in February and March 1944, Stilwell took precautions against misuse of Galahad. For the command of Galahad, he chose Brigadier General Frank D. Merrill, an old intimate and former theater G-3 who had already been involved in planning the campaign. Throughout the campaign, Stilwell stayed in close touch with Merrill, often planning operations with him. In late February, following his concept of long-range penetration groups, Stilwell sent Galahad on a march around the Japanese right flank to cut the enemy's line of retreat at Walawbum while the Chinese attacked in front. At the same time, he ordered Merrill to avoid unnecessary heavy combat. Galahad carried out its mission, but the glacial pace of the Chinese advance left Merrill's 3000 lightly armed troops exposed to a riposte by the Japanese 18th Division, forcing the Americans to evacuate their roadblocks. After the battle, Stilwell told Merrill that he would never again leave one of his few American combat units in such an exposed position. For the next envelopment to Shaduzup and Inkangahtawng, Merrill arranged for two Chinese regiments to follow and take over the roadblocks, leaving Galahad free to use its light, mobile battalions to best advantage.[18]
Much as Stilwell and Merrill would have liked to spare Galahad from prolonged line duty, circumstances and coalition politics intervened. When a Japanese force threatened to outflank Galahad's own envelopment toward Inkangahtawng, Stilwell's staff, in his absence, ordered Merrill to establish a blocking position. At Nhpum Ga, Merrill's 2d Battalion stopped the Japanese but at a heavy cost in dead and wounded. Although Galahad desperately needed rest and reorganization, Stilwell was eager to capture the key airstrip at Myitkyina before the monsoon season. Believing that Galahad was his only reliable unit, Stilwell ordered Merrill to strike for the airfield. Revived by promises of a long rest upon completion of the mission and reinforced by Chinese troops and Kachins, Galahad drove over the rugged Kumon range and captured the airstrip in a surprise attack on 17 May. At that point, Galahad could reasonably have expected relief, but Stilwell could not afford to rest his Americans while other nationalities who were equally exhausted continued to fight. Nor could Stilwell get reinforcements from other sectors of the Allied front. Thus, Galahad stayed in line, desperately throwing ill-trained fillers into the ranks to replace veterans evacuated with wounds and disease, with disastrous results for unit morale. Only a fraction of the unit remained by the fall of Myitkyina on 3 August 1944.[19]
Contributions to Victory
Galahad's tragic fate obscured a generally good record for special operations in the CBI theater. True, special operations in China, Indochina, and Thailand did not really get under way until the last months of the war. In Burma, however, the effort that Stilwell authorized in 1942 paid off handsomely. OSS Detachment 101 provided much essential information, including, by Peers' estimate, up to 90 percent of Northern Combat Area Command's intelligence in the 1944 offensive. Its Kachin confederates also guided and screened columns, helped downed fliers to escape, and provided a potent guerrilla army. Galahad's sacrifice made possible the capture of Myitkyina, greatly easing the aerial transport of supplies over the Hump and making it possible for the Ledo Road from India to link up with the North Burma road system on its way to a final junction with the old Burma Road. If Stilwell thought about it at the time of his relief in October 1944, he could have taken considerable pride in CBI's performance of special operations during his tenure.[20]
After a rocky start, the investment of MacArthur and his staff in the Filipino guerrillas likewise paid off to a large degree. Although often plagued by internal rivalries and, despite SWPA's efforts, lack of resources, the guerrillas still performed valuable services in guiding American units, harassing Japanese movements, assisting downed pilots, guarding captured areas, and eliminating bypassed enemy detachments, thereby releasing American troops for other duties. Guerrilla reports, though often exaggerated and unreliable, still represented the single most important source of intelligence for American forces. Volckmann's North Luzon guerrillas actually approached Whitney's dream of a guerrilla army. As for the Filipinos themselves, the guerrilla experience left several troubling issues to resolve after the war, but it also provided a people with a badly needed sense of national pride on the eve of full independence in 1946.[21]
MacArthur and Stilwell were different men who took different approaches to special operations in their respective theaters. MacArthur's was based on a romantic vision, drawn from history and legend, of a people's war against brutal oppressors. The SWPA commander turned to special operations early, developed an extensive support organization, and closely supervised its work. Stilwell's approach was more cautious and pragmatic, judging special operations entrepreneurs by their results. Although he permitted direct access and made sure that the special operators obtained their share of resources, he generally adopted a hands-off tack, giving each entrepreneur a mission and letting him carry it out without much interference. Yet, for all their differences, the two commanders shared some basic traits. Both, by the late spring of 1942, were driven men, eager to avenge recent defeats and ready to adopt almost any means to achieve victory over a despised enemy. Thus, while both were basically orthodox soldiers who relied on the big battalions, both were ready to turn to special operations to aid conventional forces. Because of their support, special operations forces were able to make significant contributions to victory in the war against Japan.
This article was originally delivered as a paper at the Conference of Army Historians in June 1994. The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Rich Boylan of the National Archives and, in particular, Jim Zobel of MacArthur Library.
1. John Keats, They Fought Alone (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1963), pp. 324-25; Courtney Whitney, MacArthur: His Rendezvous with History (New York: Knopf, 1956), pp. 133-34; Richard Dunlop, Behind Japanese Lines: With the OSS in Burma (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1979), p. 117; US Army Military History Institute (USAMHI), Senior Officers Debriefing Report: Conversations Between Lieutenant General William R. Peers and Lieutenant Colonel Jim Breen, Lieutenant Colonel Charlie Moore (Carlisle, Pa.: USAMHI, 1977), I: 3-4.
2. D. Clayton James, The Years of MacArthur, 3 vols. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1975), I: 557-59, 571-75, II: 90-91, 153-54, 509; Stanley L. Falk, "Douglas MacArthur and the War Against Japan," in William M. Leary, ed., We Shall Return!: MacArthur's Commanders and the Defeat of Japan (Lexington: Univ. Press of Kentucky, 1988), pp. 1-2; Carol M. Petillo, Douglas MacArthur: The Philippine Years (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1981), pp. xvi-xvii, 63, 134, 191, 207-10, 215-19, 243; Paul P. Rogers, The Good Years: MacArthur and Sutherland (New York: Praeger, 1990), pp. 61, 80-82, 218, 239-41.
3. Barbara W. Tuchman, Stilwell and the American Experience in China, 1911-1945 (New York: Macmillan, 1971), pp. xi-xiii, 4, 87, 125-30, 170-71, 198-99, 300-01, 392; Peers interview, I: 4, 6, II: 24; George A. McGee, Jr., The History of the 2d Battalion, Merrill's Marauders: Northern Burma Campaign of 1944 (Braunfels, Tex.: George A. McGee, Jr., 1987), pp. 63, 207. See also Theodore H. White, ed., The Stilwell Papers (New York: William Sloane, 1948).
4. R. Harris Smith, OSS: The Secret History of America's First Central Intelligence Agency (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1972), pp. 250-51; Charles A. Willoughby and John Chamberlain, MacArthur, 1941-1951 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1954), p. 144; Rogers, The Good Years, pp. 79-82, 247; Kermit Roosevelt, War Report of the OSS, 2 vols. (New York: Walker, 1976), II: 359, 365; Petillo, The Philippine Years, pp. 233-34; Michael Schaller, Douglas MacArthur: The Far Eastern General (New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1989), pp. 95-96; Kermit Roosevelt, War Report of the OSS, 2 vols. (New York: Walker, 1976), II: 358; Larry S. Schmidt, "American Involvement in the Filipino Resistance Movement on Mindanao," master's thesis, US Army Command and General Staff College, 1982, p. 195; James, The Years of MacArthur, II: 510-11.
5. David W. Hogan, Jr., US Arms Special Operations in World War II (Washington: US Army Center of Military History [CMH], 1992), pp. 65-68; James, The Years of MacArthur, I: 583, 594, 609, 616, II: 26, 91, 105, 141-42, 145, 149; Rogers, The Good Years, pp. 213-15; Louis Morton, The Fall of the Philippines, US Army in World War II (Washington: GPO, 1953), pp. 502-03; US Army, GHQ, US Army Forces, Pacific, Military Intelligence Section, "Intelligence Activities in the Philippines During the Japanese Occupation," 2 vols., CMH, I: 1-6, 12-13; "Guerrilla Activities in the Philippines, CNO, Dept Navy, 14 Sept 44," pp. 1, 14, HRC Geog S. Philippines 370.64 Guerrilla Activities, CMH Archives; David J. Steinberg, Philippine Collaboration in World War II (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1967), p. 21; Willoughby and Chamberlain, MacArthur, 1941-1951, pp. 46-47, 54, 57-60; Courtney Whitney, MacArthur: His Rendezvous with History (New York: Knopf, 1956), pp. 39, 44-48, 55-58; Jonathan M. Wainwright, General Wainwright's Story, ed. Robert Considine (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1946), pp. 120, 130-33, 136, 140-41; Douglas MacArthur, Reminiscences (New York: McGraw Hill, 1964), pp. 141, 145-46, 202-04.
6. Eifler, a 250-pound mountain of a man who "seldom spoke more softly than a loud roar" would soon become a legend. Lieutenant General William R. "Ray" Peers, who succeeded Eifler as head of OSS Detachment 101, recalled that when he met Eifler, his new boss "took a stiletto type dagger and drove it a good two to three inches into the top of his desk. He looked pleased." See Dunlop, Behind Japanese Lines, pp. 69, 79. When questioned by the author about some of the stories in circulation, Eifler responded, "Well, there's the legend of Carl Eifler and there's the real Carl Eifler," but he readily admitted that Peers' story was true.
7. Hogan, Special Operations in World War II, pp. 98, 101, 105-06; Smith, OSS, p. 243-45; Thomas N. Moon and Carl F. Eifler, The Deadliest Colonel (New York: Vantage Press, 1975), pp. 9, 36-40, 53, 58-61, 329-32; Milton E. Miles, A Different Kind of War, ed. Hawthorne Daniel (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1967), pp. 76-90; Dunlop, Behind Japanese Lines, pp. 67, 69, 90, 109, 177, 309-11; William R. Peers, "Guerrilla Operations in Northern Burma," Military Review, 28 (June 1948), 11-13; Roosevelt, War Report of the OSS, II: 360-61, 369-70, 374, 376; Eifler to Donovan, 24 November 1942, OSS History Office Files, Entry 99, Box 49, RG 226, National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Washington, D.C.; "OSSSU Detachment 101: A Brief History of the Detachment for NCAC Records," March 1945, OSS History Office Files, Entry 99, Box 51, RG 226, NARA.
8. Whitney to Colonel Wendell W. Fertig, 12 May 1944, Whitney, Courtney--Semi-Official Letters, April 1943-August 1944, Folder 1, Box 9, Courtney A. Whitney Papers, Douglas MacArthur Library, Norfolk, Va.
9. Courtney A. Whitney biography, Folder 1, Box 1, Whitney Papers; "Intelligence Activities in the Philippines," p. 31; Paul P. Rogers, MacArthur and Sutherland: The Bitter Years (New York: Praeger, 1990), pp. 124, 164, 290; James, Years of MacArthur, II: 509-10, 598; 27 October 1944 entry, Royce Wendover diary, USAMHI; Edwin P. Ramsey and Stephen J. Rivele, Lieutenant Ramsey's War (New York: Knightsbridge, 1990), pp. 226, 317; Colonel Macario Peralta to MacArthur, 11 March 1944, Folder 3, Box 1, Whitney Papers; Whitney to Sutherland, 1 June, 9 July, 15 July 1943, in Folder 12, Guerrilla Movement in the Philippines, Correspondence, 1943, Box 3, Whitney Papers; Keats, They Fought Alone, pp. 341, 347; Travis Ingham, Rendezvous by Submarine: The Story of Charles Parsons and the Guerrilla Soldiers in the Philippines (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1945), pp. 141-42. See also Russell W. Volckmann, We Remained: Three Years Behind the Enemy Lines in the Philippines (New York: Norton, 1954).
10. The repeated changes in high-level supervision of special operations in the Philippines contributed to wasteful duplication as PRS installed its own American-dominated intelligence nets, leaving the old Filipino-dominated G-2/AIB nets to atrophy; see "Intelligence Activities in the Philippines," I: 23, 27, 30; Jesus A. Villamor, They Never Surrendered: A True Story of Resistance in World War II (Quezon City, Philippines: Vera-Reyes, 1982), pp. 219, 243. See also "Intelligence Activities in the Philippines," I: 7-11, 29-34, 58; General Headquarters, Far East Command, Military Intelligence Section, General Staff, "Operations of the Allied Intelligence Bureau, GHQ, SWPA," 3 vols., CMH Library, I: 1, 4-8, 58; Rogers, The Good Years, p. 247; Whitney to Chief, G-3 Operations Division, GHQ, SWPA, 16 June 1944, Willoughby to G-3, 14 June 1944 and 25 May 1944, Folder 7, Memorandums to and from G-3, 1944-1945, Box 4, Whitney Papers; Willoughby to Sutherland, 20 May 1944, Folder 7 Whitney, Courtney--Personal Correspondence, 1940-1944, Box 8, Whitney Papers; G-2 to G-3, 25 May 1944, Folder 10, Philippine Regional Section Reactivation, Box 5, Whitney Papers; Whitney to Controller, AIB, 29 May 1943, Folder l, Operations 1943, Box 63, Whitney Papers; James, Years of MacArthur, II: 510.
11. Historical Section, China-Burma-India Theater, "History of the China-Burma-India Theater, 21 May 1942 to 25 October 1944," unpublished manuscript, vol. 2, pt. 2, CMH Archives, Section AG, p. 3, Section JICA, p. 2, Section PW, pp. 2, 5-6; Eifler to Donovan, 24 November 1942; Moon and Eifler, The Deadliest Colonel, pp. 63, 68-69, 108; Peers interview, I: 3-4, 14, 17, II: 24, 26.
12. Moon and Eifler, The Deadliest Colonel, pp. 111, 169, 173; Stilwell to Marshall, 21 February 1943, Stilwell Radios-Personal File, File I, Items 142-209, Stilwell to Marshall, 6 March 1943, Stilwell Radios Personal File, Items 210-327, File I, 2 June 1944 correspondence in Items 2501-2298, Marshall to Stilwell, 21 June 1944, Stilwell to Marshall, 19 July 1944, Sultan to Hearn, 14 August 1944, and Marshall to Stilwell, 14 August 1944, in Stilwell Radios Personal File, Items 2649-2822, File VII, Box 4, in US Army China-Burma-India Theater of Operations, Commanding General: Miscellaneous Notes and Correspondence, Personal Message File, "Oklahoma File," Diary of Operations, RG 493, Washington National Records Center (WNRC), Suitland, Md.; Roosevelt, War Report of the OSS, II: 360-64; Eifler to Donovan, 24 November 1942. Miles continued in the theater in his capacity as commander of Naval Group China.
13. Eifler to Donovan, 24 November 1942; William R. Peers and Dean Brelis, Behind the Burma Road: The Story of America's Most Successful Guerrilla Force (Boston: Little Brown, 1963), pp. 65-67, 107, 109-10, 114, 122-24, 129, 148, 219; Peers interview, I: 1; Dunlop, Behind Japanese Lines, pp. 147-48, 281, 327; Roosevelt, War Report of the OSS, II: 371, 381, 387; "Allied Intelligence Activities in the Philippines," I: 19; Ingham, Rendezvous by Submarine, pp. 135-36; Whitney, MacArthur, pp. 132-33.
14. "Operations of the Allied Intelligence Bureau," I: i-ii, 5, 7-9, 13, 18-19, 33-36, 92, 115-16.
15. Hogan, US Arms Special Operations in World War II, pp. 103, 112-14; Charles F. Romanus and Riley Sunderland, Stilwell's Command Problems, US Army in World War II (Washington: GPO, 1955), p. 35; Roosevelt, War Report of the OSS, II: 372; Eifler to Donovan, 24 November 1942; Moon and Eifler, The Deadliest Colonel, pp. 71, 162, 167, 179; Pape to Stilwell, Ferris, 18 June 1943, Stilwell Radios Personal File, Items 501-591, File II, Box 1, Pape to Stilwell and Ferris, 27 July and 28 July 1943, Stilwell Radios Personal File, Items 591-701, File II, Box 2, Marshall to Stilwell, 1 September 1943, and Stilwell to Marshall, 3 September 1943, Stilwell Radios Personal File, Items 702-812, File II, Box 2, and Ferris to Stilwell, 21 October 1943, Stilwell Radios Personal File, Items 1001-1101, File IV, Ferris to Stilwell, 5 November 1943, Stilwell Radios Personal File, Items 1102-1183, File IV, Stilwell to Marshall, 11 November 1943, Marshall to Stilwell, 14 November 1943, Ferris to Hearn, 27 November 1943, in Stilwell Radios Personal File, Items 1184-1299, File IV, in Commanding General: Miscellaneous Notes and Correspondence, Personal Message File, "Oklahoma File," Diary of Operations, RG 493, WNRC; "History of the China-Burma-India Theater," unpublished manuscript, I: 132, II: GA-2, 7; McGee, History of the 2d Battalion, pp. 25-26.
16. "Intelligence Activities in the Philippines," I: 7, 15, 19, 31-34; Ingham, Rendezvous by Submarine, pp. 135, 141; Rogers, The Bitter Years, p. 122; Annex 11 to FO 25, Control of Filipino Forces, 6th Army, 6 October 1944, in "Report of the Leyte Operation, 20 October 1944--25 December 1944," Box 1478, Philippine Archives, Liberation/Postwar: Liberation of the Philippines, RG 407, NARA; memorandum for G-3 Planning, 29 September 1944, Folder 7, Memorandums to and from G-3, 1944-1945, Box 4, Whitney Papers; Schmidt, "American Involvement," pp. 108-09, 189-91, 202; Robert Ross Smith, "The Hukbalahap Insurgency," unpublished manuscript (1963), pp. 43-44, CMH Library; Marking and Yay Panlillo to Colonel James W. Atwell, Chief of Staff, I Corps, 15 September 1943, HRC Geog S. Philippines 370.64--Guerrillas--Markings, CMH Archives; Fertig to MacArthur, 18 June 1944, GHQ, Fertig to MacArthur, Vol. 10, Box 607, SWPA, Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, Guerrilla Resistance, RG 338, WNRC; Whitney, MacArthur, pp. 91, 133; Keats, They Fought Alone, pp. 202, 339; Volckmann, We Remained, pp. 120-21.
17. Romanus and Sunderland, Stilwell's Command Problems, pp. 36, 131, 149; Riley Sunderland, comments relating to Scott R. McMichael, "Common Man, Uncommon Leadership: Colonel Charles N. Hunter with Galahad in Burma," Parameters (Summer 1986), pp. 5-7, 12, in Scott R. McMichael Papers, USAMHI; McGee, History of the 2d Battalion, pp. 11, 45, 67; White, The Stilwell Papers, pp. 219, 280; Marshall to Stilwell, 4 October 1943, Stilwell Radios Personal File, Items 1001-1101, File IV, and Merrill to Stilwell, 6 November 1943, Stilwell Radios Personal File, Items 1184-1299, File IV, in US Army CBI, Commanding General: Miscellaneous Notes and Correspondence, Personal Message File, "Oklahoma File," Diary of Operations, RG 493, WNRC; Peers interview, I: 5-7; Military Intelligence Division, War Department, Merrill's Marauders (February--May 1944), American Forces in Action (Washington: War Department, 1945), p. 16; David W. Hogan, Jr., Raiders or Elite Infantry?: The Changing Role of the US Army Rangers from Dieppe to Grenada (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1992), pp. 63-64; Charles N. Hunter, GALAHAD (San Antonio, Tex.: Naylor, 1963), pp. 146, 172.
18. "History of the CBI Theater," I: 158, II: GA-13, 30, 50; Stilwell Papers, p. 280; McGee, History of the 2d Battalion, pp. 25, 39, 50, 63, 66-67, 71, 88; Hogan, US Army Special Operations in World War II, pp. 114-17; Romanus and Sunderland, Stilwell's Command Problems, pp. 149-58, 175-80; Peers interview, I: 7; Hogan, Raiders or Elite Infantry?, p. 65.
19. Romanus and Sunderland, Stilwell's Command Problems, pp. 181-82, 188-91, 201-02, 211, 221-37; Hunter, GALAHAD, pp. 136, 176; Hogan, US Army Special Operations in World War II, pp. 117-19; Hogan, Raiders or Elite Infantry?, pp. 65-68; Sunderland comments, pp. 7-11; Stilwell Papers, pp. 295-301, 304; "History of the CBI Theater," I: 160, II: GA-55, 83-84; McGee, History of the 2d Battalion, pp. 3, 104, 108, 115, 119, 133, 136, 139, 154, 161, 166, 187, 193, 199, 205, 214-15; Hunter, GALAHAD, pp. 168-69. See also Boatner's letters to Stilwell in HRC Geog U. Burma 370.2--Myitkyina, CMH Archives.
20. Hogan, US Army Special Operations in World War II, pp. 119, 122, 127-28; Hogan, Raiders or Elite Infantry?, pp. 67-68; Peers interview, I: 5.
21. Hogan, US Army Special Operations in World War II, pp. 68, 70, 85-90; James, Years of MacArthur, II: 688; Steinberg, Philippine Collaboration in World War II, pp. 2-3, 167.
David W. Hogan, Jr., is a historian in the General Histories Branch at the US Army Center of Military History. He received his B.A. from Dartmouth College in 1980 and his Ph.D. from Duke University in 1986. After teaching at Elon College, he joined the Center in 1987. He is the author of U.S. Army Special Operations in World War II, published by the Center of Military History, and Raiders or Elite Infantry?: The Changing Role of the U.S. Army's Rangers from Dieppe to Grenada, published by Greenwood Press. This article, in its original form, was delivered as a paper at the Conference of Army Historians in June 1994.
Reviewed 25 November 1996. Please send comments or corrections to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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If you don't know the answer to this question, you're certainly not alone. Here's a hint…it's not plastic bags, plastic or glass beverage bottles or aluminum cans. Stumped? It turns out that you have a lot of company.
According to new research conducted by Legacy®, more than half of the Americans surveyed last month did not know that cigarette butts are the No. 1 littered item every year on U.S. roadways and beaches. In observance of Earth Day, Legacy is working to raise awareness about the negative impact cigarette filters and discarded cigarette butts have on our environment.
Research shows that cigarette butts have potentially toxic effects on ecosystems. In one laboratory test, one cigarette butt soaked in a liter of water was lethal to half of the fish exposed. Cigarette butts contain heavy metals that leach into waterways, posing a lethal threat to aquatic life. They are costly to local communities to clean up and dispose of as well. According to environmental cleanup reports, nearly 2 million cigarettes or cigarette filters/butts were picked up internationally from beaches and inland waterways as part of the annual International Coastal Cleanup in 2010, including more than one million from the U.S. alone.
Misperceptions abound about whether cigarette filters are readily biodegradable or inconsequential as litter. These toxic pieces of trash can only decompose under the most ideal conditions, and generally they merely break up into small particles of plastic waste. While a majority of those surveyed (78 percent) know that cigarette butts are not biodegradable and recognize their toxicity (89 percent), tobacco products are still the single most collected type of litter along U.S. roadways and on beaches.
In honor of Earth Day, let's start a national conversation about this last acceptable form of litter. According to the tobacco industry-funded annual report, The Tax Burden on Tobacco 2011, 287 billion cigarettes were sold last year. Where did all those cigarette butts go? When you step over them on the streets where you live and work and at beaches and parks you enjoy, remember that cigarette butts are a potentially dangerous and costly burden. Help us bring awareness to this issue and start changing social norms around littering cigarette butts.
For more information, visit: www.legacyforhealth.org/environment.
Cheryl G. Healton, DrPH
President and CEO
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We couldn't be more thrilled about the changes in work dress code over the years. Casual Friday's have leaked into the rest of the week, and gone are the days of stuffy pant suits (depending on your profession, of course). And though certain articles of clothing will never be appropriate -think tube top or butt-cheek bearing shorts- you can almost blend your work week and weekend wear into one. Follow the link below for 11 workwear rules.
Photos: BONNINSTUDIO/Shutterstock


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Prices, specials, features and availability subject to change.
Contact for details
Enjoy your morning coffee sitting outside on your balcony overlooking Biscayne Bay. You can also keep your boat nearby by renting out a marina slip in our harbor. Enjoy a leisure afternoon sitting by the pool. Come and check out our spacious apartments with all balconies looking over Biscayne Bay.
Lease terms are variable. Please inquire with property staff.
Pet Policy: One Pet under 25lbs per unit. $350 Non-Refundable One Time Pet Fee + $35 Monthly Pet Fee.
*Breed Restrictions Apply.
Dogs Allowed. Cats Allowed. Pets Accepted. Weight Restriction. Breed Restriction. Call for service animal policy.
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- parking is always an issue
- office staff members are not as attentive and friendly as they should be. Read MoreR>- we receive notices that they will fumigate on Thursday that Wednesday afternoon but we need to contact them on Wednesday morning if we have an issue. How can I do that when I receive the announcement for fumigation that afternoon?
January 17, 2014
The building is old and graceful; full of character and colorful residents. It's a great place to live and I l Read Moreove living here.
January 15, 2014
Building management tends to side on any issue without really bothering at looking who the source of the issue Read More is nor does it care. They constantly use intimidation practices. Also, they are pricing out people on fixed incomes with the rent increases.
December 10, 2013
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Midlands Testing Services of Texas (MTSTX) is a woman-owned small business composed of highly trained individuals, dedicated to ensuring the best drug and alcohol testing service possible.
With over 14 years of drug testing experience in 5 different states, our knowledge can assist you in preparing and/or implementing your drug-free workplace policy. Our on-site discreet testing services will help reduce liability, lost productivity, and eliminate drug test cheating. Our goal is to provide above average testing services at a competitive rate.
Our staff is DOT certified, perform their tasks in a professional and timely manner to avoid disruption to the work environment and let your employee get back to work as quickly as possible.
Our on-site flu shot clinics offer an efficient and cost effective manner to protect your staff against the influenza epidemic that visits us each year during the flu season (from October to March).
Midlands Testing Services of Texas works with corporate sponsors and non-profit agencies to provide free flu shots to the under privileged, and those who don't have the resources to pay for insurance or medical bills, or can't afford to take off work while sick and risk infecting others.


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FTGM would like to thank the ladies at Crooked Oak Baptist Church for giving Corrie the opportunity to serve them last month. On March 13th, Crooked Oak ladies held their annual women's conference and Corrie served up a strong Word for us that day. I always look forward to Corrie's conferences. Not because she is a lot of fun or because she has this uncanny way of addressing a large group of women like she was each one's closest friend. All this is true, but I love going because I never leave without being deeply challenged by God through His Word. Corrie's goal for every speaking opportunity (I know this because I never fail to hear her pray this before every conference) is that she would fade into the background and Jesus Christ would take over. Girlfriend may look cute, but when the Spirit of Christ takes over her mouth, you forget about her cute accent and charm and you suddenly find yourself in a personal wrestling match with the Lion of Judah (Jesus Christ) Himself! And that weekend was no exception.
Before I continue the recap I have to mention that this particular conference was a double treat because Corrie's closest friend, Heather, was able to attend for the first time. Heather is a major part of FTGM in many vital facets. She lives in Orlando, FL with her husband, Adam (also to whom FTGM owes many thanks!), but grew up with Corrie in north Alabama and was home this weekend for her BABY SHOWER! The FTGM family is tinkled pink (literally) for baby girl who will be coming soon! Hopefully, we will have more details later on, but for now let me see if I can finish this recap as succinctly as possible.
As soon as we arrived, Heather and I found a perfect spot on the back row (not because we double as bouncers) and eagerly awaited the conference to begin. Before I unpack a little of Corrie's message for you I wanted to mention a clip I caught, or actually it caught me, from some of the special music. I don't remember the song's title, who wrote it, or blast it, even who sung it (I am so sorry if you are reading this!), but I certainly rememeber how she sung it. That's what caught my attention. This woman had lived the Word she was singing, and she belted those words with an authority that could have only come from having been with and witnessed Jesus Christ herself. I scrambled to find my pen and paper in enough time to scribble a version of the lyrics.
There is victory through it; Its up to you to stand firm.
Wait for Him and see it through.
Before this bold woman of faith took her seat, she exhorted every soul in that room to seek out what God says in His Word about your trial or circumstance, stand firm on that truth alone, and refuse to move.
And that was only the beginning.
Corrie brought us a message from the series she authored and is currently walking through with her God Seekers Bible study group on Tuesdays. The message is entitled, "If the Walls Could Talk" and it is based on Daniel 5. She spoke on the secret places of our lives. Our thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors that live in our hearts and are seen lived out daily behind the "safe" walls of our homes. However, every bit of it is exposed to God. And of course the key question is, "If the walls could talk in your home, what would they say?" Well, I don't mind telling you that after she finished I didn't stay on that back row for long. Even now, while I am recapping this message for you, the conviction is being renewed. I'm sorry I can't list all of the points from this message here for you, but you can contact Corrie to receive her complete notes and handout if you want. There was one major thing she said that resonated with me then and now that I want to share here.
He wants us to do it His Way....even in the secret place.
And isn't that where the fight is the fiercest? It's scary how its too easy to grow weary of fighting and relaxing our grip on Christ when it is only just me and Him in my thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors at home. Yet, His eyes and opinions are absolutely the only ones that ever count, and that won't become more evident to us than on that Day when we stand before Him and Him alone to be judged (see 2 Corinthians 5:9-10). Some of our toughest battles seem to also be the most private, where it is just us and Jesus and maybe our closest family members present. We think its no big deal to give in to the attitudes and behaviors that are not brought under the control of the Spirit of Christ, especially since no one really notices when you agree with that thought or maintain that attitude toward your husband (ahem, this may or may not be coming from my own personal experience). And all the time scripture reminds us that there is a spiritual war between two kingdoms waging all around us and all of heaven and all of hell looks on to see what choice you and I will make in that, what we believe to be, most private moment.
Who will be glorified?
As Beth Moore says, in every harrowing circumstance and trial there is "glory at stake". Thank you, Lord for your faithfulness to convict your people of abundant life-stealing sin so that we will cry out to you for a new heart. Thank you for having zero tolerance of sin in a people made holy for your Name. For not allowing any of us to remain comfortable with the attitudes and behaviors we practice in our secret places that are against You and who You have recreated us to be like in the image of our Lord Jesus Christ. We ask you to come expose us. It is You our deceitful hearts really want. We are dependent on you for any stitch of healing, and we are hopeless to change apart from you doing the work in us. Point out each sin and give us godly sorrow over each one, then we trust that you will forgive us our sins and create a new and pure heart within us that seeks to do God's will and not ours...even in the secret places.
To God be ALL glory forever and ever. Amen.


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Rosie Huntington-Whiteley has to be one of my new favourite celebrities in regards to fashion. It's as if she can do no wrong - her style is amazing and she's just so gorgeous!
Nice outfit too.She really is a trendsetter.And oh by the way,I just want to share this really cool shopping app called "Should I buy it?", http://bit.ly/sibifm33 for fellow online shoppers which you can download at iTunes that allows you to get instant feedback from your Facebook friends on whether you should buy something or not (either for yourself or as a gift).I have tried it and it is really amazing..:DReplyDelete
Nice and laid-back!ReplyDelete
she can wear everything and she is just perfect!
check out my blog dear!


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Finalists for dean of the College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences at SDSU will visit campuses
BROOKINGS, S.D. — Four finalists for the dean of the College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences will visit the South Dakota State University campus in the coming weeks.
Each candidate will spend two days interviewing, one in Brookings and one combined day in Rapid City and Pierre, meeting with university leadership, deans, researchers, faculty, students and staff. There will be open forums for each individual to engage with other key stakeholders and community and university members.
The candidates are Michael Schmitt, Barbara Rasco, Greg Lardy and John Killefer.
Schmitt is a professor and associate dean for extension at the University of Minnesota. He is responsible for leading and managing the agricultural and natural resource extension efforts of 70 extension specialists in the college and nearly 80 extension educators throughout Minnesota. Schmitt will be on the Brookings campus Nov. 7 and in Pierre and Rapid City Nov. 8.
Rasco is a professor and director of the School of Food Science at Washington State University. The school includes 20 faculty members and is jointly administered by the Washington State College of Agricultural, Human and Natural Resources Sciences and the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences at the University of Idaho. The school offers bachelor's, master's and Ph.D. degrees in food science. Rasco will be on the Brookings campus Nov. 8 and in Pierre and Rapid City Nov. 9.
Lardy is a professor and associate vice president of agricultural affairs at North Dakota State University, and he heads the department of animal science. Lardy's research background includes nearly 60 peer-reviewed manuscripts involving cow-calf nutrition, beef cattle management, use of alternative feedstuffs in beef cattle diets and forage supplementation. He has spoken to more than 20,000 livestock producers, veterinarians and industry experts, nationally and internationally. Lardy will be on the Brookings campus Nov. 15 and Pierre and Rapid City Nov. 16.
Killefer is a professor and head of the department of animal and rangeland sciences at Oregon State University. He successfully merged the departments of animal sciences and rangeland, ecology and management to form the Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences. Killefer has also successfully completed construction on three facilities to support teaching and research for his department. Killefer will be on the Brookings campus Nov. 16, followed by his trip to Pierre and Rapid City Nov. 17.
For more information on these candidates and the schedule of events please go to https://www.sdstate.edu/agriculture-biological-sciences/abs-dean-search.


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Women's World Cup Homepage
Men's World Cup Homepage
Live scoring
Match Reports
Best Players
News & Press
FIVB officials
Match Schedule
Team History
Team Rosters
Star Profiles
List of Honors
Qualified Teams
Press Kit
General Info.
Competition Formula
World Cup History
Women's World Cup 2003 - Press Conference
Press conference
Turkey beat Korea 3-0 (25-22, 25-18, 25-17) - duration 1:06
15-Nov, start time: 12:05, end time: 13:11 - Attendance: 1,965
HEAD Coach KIM ,Cheol-Yong
I think that the level of all teams are getting higher.
For this tournament, we were not well prepared. I am not very satisfied.
But I could find an opportunity to improve our team.
About today's match, it was hard to do without CHOI, who is injured, because she is too necessary person for defense.
HEAD Coach Yazicioguralli, Resat
In 1998, there was a World Champion Ship in Osaka. I watched the final match, and I wanted to do like those teams.
In this tournament, I am happy, because my dream came true.
I am proud of having good matches. But it is some regrettable about two matches, against United States of America and Poland.
It will make us a stronger team.


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ISLE DE JEAN CHARLES, La. — This sliver of marshland in the Louisiana bayou would inspire most people to make a U-turn, not a movie.
Members of the Biloxi-Chitimacha tribe and local Cajuns have called this swampy spit about 80 miles southwest of New Orleans home for generations, but their numbers are shrinking as rapidly as the island itself. Erosion is swallowing the soil, saltwater intrusion is killing the cypress trees and the island's wooden houses and bridges are toppling into the brackish water. A proposed 72-mile levee system will be constructed to the island's north, eternally bequeathing Isle de Jean Charles to the Gulf of Mexico.
"I vividly remember the first time I drove down this road," 29-year-old director Benh Zeitlin said on a recent muggy afternoon as he revisited the island's single street. In one front yard, a young girl dunked herself in a trash can serving as an upright swimming pool, while the operator of a small marina waited for fishing boats that never arrived. Flies and mosquitoes buzzed everywhere, and discarded shrimp nets and crawfish pots littered the lawns of the few dozen residents. "And I thought, 'This is what this story is about. This is the edge of the world. And here are these staunch holdouts — the people who refuse to leave. This is the place I wanted to spend a year.'"


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Webinar: 3 Steps to Rock Solid SAM in 2018
January 17 @ 8:00 am - 9:00 am
You've got SAM – in some state or another. But in 2018 you want to accelerate your SAM program, meet your organization's changing needs and reach beyond basic software compliance!
In this webinar Robbie Plourde helps you identify your stage of SAM maturity and defines a crystal clear plan for involving stakeholders in your SAM program: move beyond compliance and take a strategic approach to delivering ITAM progress. Using real-life SAM success stories as a guide, learn to promote ITAM internally within your company, evangelizing with key stakeholders and how best to spread the word regarding the benefits and ongoing progress of your ITAM program.
Learning Objectives:
• Identifying common challenges – and solutions – faced per Maturity level
• Defining protocols that leverage your data and resources to organize your team
• Align stakeholder and provide transparent communication
• Build a road map which secures ongoing senior management attention
• Bridge critical gaps between people, process and technology
• How to build a reporting process that encourages continuous improvement
So register today and join IAITAM hosting Aspera to get 2018 moving in the right direction for your SAM program.
After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the webinar.Register Now


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Le Perier Hotel Accommodation
Search 63 hotels in Le Perier
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Where to stay in Le Perier
Le Perier overviewLe Perier is an inviting destination that has something for everyone. Le Perier might not have many well-known attractions, but you don't need to travel far to find places worth a visit like Notre Dame de la Salette and Venosc Gondola. You won't want to miss sights in the surrounding area like Ecrins National Park Office and Vallons Ski Lift.
Where to stay in Le PerierWhether you're planning a longer vacation or a weekend getaway, Le Perier has the right accommodation for you. You can shop as many as 167 deals for Le Perier accommodations on Hotels.com, some with discounts of up to 40%. We have room prices starting at 31 USD per night and here you'll find a breakdown of hotels by star rating in Le Perier as well as in the surrounding area:
- • 23 4-star hotels from 81 USD per night
- • 74 3-star hotels from 50 USD per night
- • 34 2-star hotels from 46 USD per night
What to see around Le PerierHere are some recommended places to see in the surrounding area:
- • Notre Dame de la Salette (5.6 mi/9 km from the city center)
- • Venosc Gondola (7.3 mi/11.7 km from the city center)
- • Ecrins National Park Office (8 mi/12.9 km from the city center)
- • Vallons Ski Lift (8.7 mi/13.9 km from the city center)


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Finding rye seeds or flour for baking (Quito)
Friends of ours who live in the Manabí area have asked me to find rye flour or rye seeds for baking ( harina de centeno or semillas de centeno). Does anyone know where I might be able to find either of those items in Quito? Thanks for any suggestions.


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RV Insurance Repair Michigan
At Tri City RV in Bay City Michigan, our highly qualified technicians are here to provide exceptional RV insurance repair service in a timely manner. Our dedicated RV service team has been rated a Certified A+ RV insurance repair facility, and for that reason we are recommended by the top RV insurance companies in America. Our state of the art RV service center means quicker lead times for you and your family as we strive to get you back on the road as quickly as possible, without sacrificing quality RV repair work.
At Tri City RV we believe in doing your RV repair or RV insurance work RIGHT THE FIRST TIME. Our Bay City Michigan RV repair shop performs an extensive list of camper repair work. Below is a list of common RV insurance repair work we perform at our Bay City Michigan RV repair facility.
- RV awning replacement
- RV aluminum siding replacement
- RV roof repair/replacement
- RV slide out repair/replacement
- RV collision damage repairs
- RV fenders/J Metal and body repairs
- RV tire blowout repairs
- RV fiberglass repair/ Front & Rear Caps
- RV fire and smoke damage repair
- RV storm/Hail damage repair