text:
|Dr. Shannon S.D. Bredin
|Office Hours:
|Class Schedule:
|Important Course Pages
|Lecture Notes
|Course Discussion
One enters parenthood either when they become a mother or a father. Parents can either be single, married, or divorced. The issue of childhood obesity has dramatically increased over recent years. It is known that one fifth of US children are either obese or overweight (Sullivan, 2014). Among other things, parenthood is thought to have a major effect on obesity rates not only on the parents but on the child as well. Just about how much of an effect do habits of parents affect habits of their children? When tackling the issue of childhood obesity, should we be focusing more on the activities of the parents or of the children? Are we doing the correct thing when telling children to take responsibility when the parents have more of a say, especially in the younger years? This wiki page will discuss the effects parenthood has on the rates of obesity on children as well as adults.
- 1 Overview
- 2 Influence of Parents on a Child's Introduction to Movement Experiences
- 3 Parents as Role Models
- 4 Maternal Age
- 5 Exercise During Pregnancy
- 6 Postpartum Exercise
- 7 Number of Children
- 8 Single vs. Dual-Parent
- 9 Activity Level of Parents
- 10 Mother's vs. Father's Influence
- 11 How Parents Perceive Exercise Benefits
- 12 Practical Application
- 13 References
Influence of Parents on a Child's Introduction to Movement Experiences
When growing up, family plays a big role in one's life and it helps to shape the person one becomes. Jacobi, Caille, Jean-Michel, Agnes, Couet, Charles, & Oppert (2011) found that the correlation between parent and child activity levels remains from childhood to when they enter adolescence. This highlights the influence parents have as activity levels of children are not found to change with the changing environments and experiences. Erkelenz, Kobel, Kettner, Drenowatz, & Steinacker (2014) state physically active parents had significantly more often engaging in organized [physical activity] than inactive parents. Therefore, children are more likely to be physically active if their parents value physical activity and are more active themselves. Some even argue that genetics plays an important role in the physical activity levels of young children. In households where physical activity is valued, members of the family, including children and parents, are more likely to be physically active. Parents that are physically active may share these activities with their children as well as be more likely to support the participation of their children in these activities by buying them the necessary equipment and providing transportation to and from facilities (Moore, Lombardi, White, Campbell, Oliveria, & Ellison, 1991). If the parents are not physically active, Erkelenz, Kobel, Kettner, Drenowatz, & Steinacker (2014) also state, there was a higher prevalence of overweight or obese children with both parents being inactive.
Parents as Role Models
Parents and siblings act as role models for physical activity in children, especially at early ages. A possible reason why physical activity levels within families can be similar is because parents and siblings can act as role models in exercise habits as well apart from other good or bad habits. There are several reasons why family and parents have such a big influence on childhood movement experiences. Firstly, a large part of childhood is spent within the family, especially in the earlier years of the child's life. This part of their life is the most impressionable. Secondly, parents are thought to be very involved in the athletic experience of their children. Whether it be from signing them up for classes or even driving them to and from games. Thirdly, parents have the opportunity to provide meaningful feedback to their children in an athletic environment. Through feedback, parents are able to have an influence on their child's level of enjoyment of sports, either positively or negatively (Weiss, 2004). Researchers have argued that one of the biggest predictors of physical activity in children is activity habits of their parents (Bredin, 2012).
Maternal Age
Maternal age is the age of the mother at childbirth. The average age at which women become pregnant has risen over recent years due to many factors. A maternal age of 35 years and older is considered to be high (Huang, Sauve, Cirkett, Fergusson, & Walraven, 2008). The effects of increased maternal age include having an increased risk of disease upon pregnancy including pregestational hypertension or diabetes. The children of mothers with gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of serious illnesses including delayed psychomotor development, obesity, perinatal morbidity, and the early onset of type 2 diabetes. These conditions may greatly influence the overall exercise levels of a child (Bredin, 2012). Janjua, Mahmood, Aminul Islam, & Goldenberg (2012) stated, children of mothers smoking 1-12 cigarettes a day during the 1st trimester were more likely to be overweight as compared to those who did not smoke.
Exercise During Pregnancy
Roberts, Savage, Coward, Chew, & Lucas (1998) have reported it is common for parents to experience weight gain post pregnancy, particularly in mothers. A common factor for this is reduced energy expenditure, and particularly during planned physical activity, during the first year after birth. Bellows-Riecken and Rhodes (2008) suggest that mothers spend less time engaged in activity than fathers after the birth of their child because they spend more time on parenting and responsibilities. This could be for various reasons such as breast-feeding, putting the baby to sleep or even just exhaustion from an accumulation of things. The researchers suggest that changes in physical activity levels during parenthood is effected by gender. Mothers are found to experience the biggest drop in exercise levels, however, research has also found drops physical activity levels of fathers. Zhang and Savitz (1996) have found that older mothers are less likely to exercise during pregnancy and highlights perceived threats of exercise on the unborn child to be the biggest barrier. Clarke and Gross (2004) have found that most women are not aware of the health benefits of exercising during pregnancy. This suggests that emphasis should be made on educating pregnant women on the long-term benefits to their child of exercising during pregnancy. Other possible explanations are physical changes that take part in the body of the mother and discouragement from doctors of engaging in activity during pregnancy. Along with decreased physical activity levels due to various reasons, mothers have been found to engage in unhealthy eating patterns, leading to weight gain.
Postpartum Exercise
The child and mother are similar when the child is very young. The link between maternal weight loss and child obesity was talked about by Sonneville, Rifas-Shiman, Oken, Peterson, Gortmaker, Fillman, & Taveras (2011). They stated that the attempt to lose weight at six months postpartum was associated with higher body mass index score at 3 years of age and elevated odds of obesity. New York Times highlights, for each child a woman had, her risk of obesity went up 7% and or men, the increase was 4%. Also, Bredin (2012) suggests there is a weight retention of up to 4.7kg or more over 10-years following childbirth. Postpartum exercise becomes more difficult because of dealing with a newborn and the demands of the newborn rather than your own. Mothers and fathers seem to put aside their needs and wants due to exhaustion. Bredin (2012) suggests that women engage in physical activity less than men, however, post pregnancy, these differences can be seen even clearer possibly due to time constraints and childcare responsibilities.
Number of Children
Becoming a parent, parents usually put their children before themselves including the physical activity department. As previously talked about in Postpartum Exercise, the risk for mothers and fathers having obesity rises 4-7% depending on the gender. With each additional child, a parent has a higher risk for long-term weight retention and obesity (Bredin, 2012). Researchers have found a relationship between the number of children and parental activity levels.
Single vs. Dual-Parent
Researchers have found that children tend to be more overweight in single-parent households compared to those in dual-parent households (Huffman, Sankarabharan, & Manthan, 2010). More overweight children have a higher risk of generating high levels of cholesterol and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. There is a significant relationship between childhood obesity and hyperlipidemia. Children with abnormal levels of cholesterol are at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Researchers suggest that single-parent households consume more packaged and convenience foods compared to dual-parent households, suggesting there is an increased risk for obesity and high blood cholesterol (Moore, Lombardi, White, Campbell, Oliveria, & Ellison, 2001). Narrowing it down to single female-headed households there is an increased risk of lower wages earned. Lower wages equal more hours of work rather than spending time with family land teaching the simple things as in food choices resulting in more packaged foods. These households consumed more total fat, saturated fat, and sweetened beverages as well as had a high percent of more than two hours of television and video viewing than children of dual family households (Huffman, Kanikireddy, & Patel, 2010).
Activity Level of Parents
Parenthood is thought to have a greater impact on mothers, perhaps due to the perceived increase in responsibilities mother's feel they have looking after their family. Therefore, researchers have found that activity levels in mothers are generally lower compared to fathers. Although a larger decline in activity levels is found in mothers, levels of activity in fathers have been found to drop as well. (Bellows-Riecken, and Rhodes, 2008). Bredin (2012) offers an explanation for differences in activity levels between mothers and fathers by arguing that mother's look after regular child care while father's are more likely to engage in activities with their children, requiring a greater energy expenditure than chores, which are commonly the responsibility of mothers. Common barriers many parents encounter in terms of physical activity include lack of time and social support, fatigue, and the new added roles and obligations in their lives (Bredin, 2012).
Mother's vs. Father's Influence
A lot of research has been done in the rise of childhood obesity and many have found the strongest correlation between a child and the parent of the same sex. There is a strong correlation between body composition of mother and daughter as well as father and son. The same correlation does not seem to exist as strongly for children of the opposite sex, suggesting the relationship cannot be genetic. (Lean, 2010). Research shows that when only one parent is overweight, it is the father's activity levels that have the greatest influence on the children. The father has been found to be a key figure in the family influencing habits such as diet and exercise. (Burrows, Callister, Collins, Fletcher, Freeman, & Morgan, 2012). As a matter of fact, Shroshpire and Carrol (2006) found that the level of activity of the mother has little influence on the child's activity levels. Bredin (2012) suggests that when parents of the same sex are obese, there is a ten and six fold respectively increased chance of their children becoming overweight. Although it has been found that same-sex parents have the most influence on activity levels of their children, Moore, Lombardi, White, Campbell, Oliveria, & Ellison (1991) suggest children are most likely to engage in physical activity if both their parents are physically active. Roberts Savage, Coward, Chew, & Lucas (1988) suggest that the main reason children born to overweight mothers experience rapid weight gain during their first year of life is because of a decreased energy expenditure. Janjua, Mahmood, Aminul Islam, & Goldenberg (2012) have stated, an overweight child correlated with the mother being overweight or obese before pregnancy. A study done by Shropshire & Carroll (2006) indicates that children reporting their fathers partook in regular exercise engaged in non physical education sports more than children with fathers more sedentary.
How Parents Perceive Exercise Benefits
Bentley (2012) found that most parents labeled their child as active and meeting current exercise guidelines. Common ways parents assess their child's levels of activity are their energy levels and weight status. In their study, they found that parents were not aware of the current physical activity guidelines for children; therefore, it would be beneficial to educate them. If parents are better educated on appropriate guidelines then they might become more aware of where their children are lacking. Although parents want the best for there children, they can make decisions that have a negative impact when they think they are making the right and safe decision. Frank, Kerr, Sallis, Miles, & Chapman (2008) found that parents who viewed their neighborhoods as safe had children, particularly girls, that were more physically active compared to parents that did not find their neighborhoods to be safe. Parents who did not consider their neighborhoods to be safe admitted to feeling to activities for their children that were inside their homes. Keeping your children's activities inside is keeping them safe but not physically active.
Practical Application
Childhood obesity should not be seen as the primary problem needing to be solved. Bentley (2012) suggests that interventions regarding the childhood obesity epidemic should be targeted at the parents. Interventions are needed that target the family as a whole. Healthier eating and exercise habits should be worked on together and blame should not be placed on just one individual. Birch, Parker, & Burns (2011) suggests that a key influence on the habits of a family is the father. The father is thought to be one of the most significant role models in shaping children's eating and exercise habits. Interventions dedicated to targeting and educating fathers is thought to be an important strategy to prevent childhood obesity. Parenthood is a vulnerable time and is often accompanied by decreased levels of physical activity by the parents. This places an increased risk of obesity related diseases on the parents, which can in turn can have negative influences on their children. Some state "to address this increased risk, it is imperative that greater attention be paid to establishing activity interventions that target the early years of parenthood" (Bredin, 2012, p. 307). It is important that parents are aware of the common barriers when getting their children to be physically active in order to be able to overcome them. Bentley G.F (2012) have found the common barriers parents must overcome in order to get their child physically active are cost, time, weather, transport, lack of safe outdoor space, lack of provision, and lack of education. Once barriers are acknowledged and or covered, that is one step closer to a more active child. Bentley, Goodred, Jago, Sebire, Lucas, Fox, Stewart-Brown, & Turner (2012) suggest that educating parents' on the benefits of physical activity beyond just weight status is an important first step in ending the current childhood obesity epidemic as well as increasing the movement experiences of young children. As talked about in how parents perceive exercise benefits, instead of keeping the activities inside the home, take the activities outside while supervising. This way both the parent and the children get physical activity.
1. Barney J. (2014). Study: Exercise during pregnancy can benefit child's lifelong health.
- Retrieved from University of Virginia website http://news.virginia.edu/content/study-exercise-during-pregnancy-can-benefit- child-s-lifelong-health
2. Bellows-Riecken K.H. and Rhodes R.E. (2008). A birth of inactivity? A review of
- physical activity and parenthood. Preventative Medicine. 46, 99-110. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.08.003
3. Bentley, G.F., Goodred, J.K, Jago, R., Sebire, S.J., Lucas, P.J., Fox, K.R., Stewart-
- Brown, S., & Turner, K.M. (2012). Parent's views on child physical activity and their implications for physical activity preventing interventions: a qualitative study. BMC Pediatrics. 12, 180-196. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-180
4. Bredin, S.D. (2012) Addressing the increased cardiometabolic risk of early parenthood
- through physical activity. Physical Activity. 6, 307-312. doi: 10.1007/s12170-012- 0245-1
5. Burch, L.L., Parker, L., & Burns, A. (2011). Committee on obesity prevention policies
- for young children. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies. 1-202. doi: RJ399.C6.157.2011eb
6. Burrows T., Callister R., Collins C.E., Fletcher R., Freeman E., & Morgan P.J. (2012).
- Preventing and treating childhood obesity: time to target fathers. International Journal of Obesity, 36.1, 12. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2011.198
7. Bentley G.F., Goodred J.K., Jago R., Sebire S.J., Lucas P.J., Fox K.R., Stewart-Brown
- S., & Turner K.M (2012). Parents' views on child physical activity and their implications for physical activity parenting interventions: a qualitative study. BMC Pediatrics, 12, 180. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-180
8. Clapp JF 3rd, Simonian S, Lopez B, et al. (1999). Regular exercise during pregnancy
- did not affect physical growth or mental development of infants. Evidence Based Nursing, 2, 22. doi: 10. 1136/ebn.2.1.22
9. Clarke, P. C. and Gross, H. (2004). Women's behavior, beliefs and information
- sources about Physical exercise in pregnancy. Midwifery, 1330141, 20. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2003.11.003
10. Erkelenz, N., Kobel, S., Kettner, S., Drenowatz, C., & Steinacker, J. M. (2014).
- Parental Activity as Influence on Children`s BMI Percentiles and Physical Activity. Journal Of Sports Science & Medicine, 13(3), 645-650.
11. Frank L.D., Kerr J., Sallis J.F., Miles R., & Chapman J. (2008). A hierarchy of
- sociodemographic and environmental correlates of walking and obesity. Preventative Medicine, 172-178, 47. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.04.004
12. Georgina F.B, Goodred J.K., Jago R., Sebire S.J., Lucas P.J., Fox K.R., Stewart-
- Brown S., & Turner K.M. (2012). Parents' views on child physical activity and their implications for physical activity parenting interventions: a qualitative study. BMC Pediatrics, 12, 180. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-12-180
13. Henline Sullivan, D. (2014). Obesity Prevention Starts Prenatally. International
- Journal Of Childbirth Education, 29(2), 12-15.
14. Huang, L., Sauve, R., Birkettn N., Fergusson, D., & Walraven C.V. (2008). Maternal
- age and Risk of stillbirth: a systematic review. CMAJ, 162-175, 178. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.070150
15. Huffman, F. G., Kanikireddy, S., & Patel, M. (2010). Parenthood-a contributing
- factor to childhood obesity. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health, 7(7), 2800-2810. doi:10.3390/ijerph7072800
16. Jacobi D., Caille A,, Jean-Michel B., Agnes L., Couet C., Charles MA., & Oppert JM.
- (2011). Parent offspring correlations in pedometer-assessed physical activity. PloseOne. doi: 10. 1371/journal.pone.0029195
17. Lean M.E.J. (2010). Childhood obesity: time to shrink a parent. International Journal
- of Obesity, 1-3, 34.1. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.200
18. Moore L.L., Lombardi D.A., White M.J., Campbell J.L., Oliveria S.A., & Ellison
- R.C. (1991). Influence of parents' physical activity levels on activity levels of young children. The Journal of Pediatrics, 215-219, 118. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3476(05)80485-8
19. New babies add to fathers' girth. (2004, Mar 09). New York Times (1923-Current
- File) Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.library.ubc.ca/docview/92744469?accountid=14656
20. Roberts S.B., Savage J., Coward W.A., Chew B., & Lucas A. (1988). Energy
- expenditure and intake in infants born to lean and overweight mothers. Journal of Medicine, 461-466, 318. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198802253180801
21. Shropshire J. & Carroll B. (2006). Family variables and children's physical activity:
- Influence of parental exercise and socio-economic status. Sport, Education, and Society, 95-116, 2. doi: 10.1080/1257332970020106
22. Sonneville, K. R., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Oken, E., Peterson, K. E., Gortmaker, S. L.,
- Gillman, M. W., & Taveras, E. M. (2011). Longitudinal association of maternal attempt to lose weight during the postpartum period and child obesity at age 3 years. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 19(10), 2046-2052. doi:10.1038/oby.2011.25
23. Weiss M. R. (2004). Parental influence on youth involvement in sports.
- Developmental Sport and Exercise Psychology: A Lifespan Approach, 145-164. Retrieved from http://www.rcgd.isr.umich.edu/garp/articles/eccles04e.pdf
24. Zafar Janjua, N., Mahmood, B., Aminul Islam, M., & Goldenberg, R. L. (2012).
- Maternal and Early Childhood Risk Factors for Overweight and Obesity among Low-Income Predominantly Black Children at Age Five Years: A Prospective Cohort Study. Journal Of Obesity, 1-9. doi:10.1155/2012/457173
25. Zhang, J. and Savitz, D.A. (1996). Exercise during pregnancy among US women.
- Annals of Epidemiology, 53-59, 6. doi: 10.1016/1047-2797(95)00093-3


text:
May the sun in his course visit no land more free, more happy, more lovely, than this our own country!
Daniel Webster
Wishing all our customers a safe and Happy Independence Day!
Robins in the Trundle Bed Antiques and Whimsy at Country Mischief will be closed from July 2 through July 7, 2007. We will reopen Sunday, July 8.
Authentic French Living
5 months ago

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|2,302 properties
|Popular hotel
|Grand Millennium Auckland
|Popular area
|Auckland City Center
|Nightly rates from
|Auckland International Airport
|Reasons to visit
|shopping, sightseeing, nature
Take southern Australia (ie Melbourne, Sydney) add greenery and slow the place right down and you'll be approaching Auckland.
Such a relaxed, friendly vibe in the inner suburbs (check out the cafes of Ponsonby and Grey Lynn) with good access to the sightseeing available in New Zealand.
Go up the sky tower...visit the harbour and take the ferry to weiheke. Find the tapas bar in Durham street and Elliot stables for choice of eating.
Auckland needs a tidy up but is a vibrant city.
It is a nice city. Weather okay during summer, though occasional rainy and windy days. Need to be prepared with suitable clothing.
Very enjoyable sight seeing in Auckland itself as all as islands like Waiheke and Rangitoto.
We were in Auckland only 2 days/nights at the end of a trip around the north island. We had had beautiful weather for the whole of our trip and as we approached Auckland, it began to rain and the winds began to blow.
We have been to Auckland before and quite enjoyed it. But this time, the weather made our stay not so pleasant. And to add insult to injury, it was a 2 day national holiday and many restaurants and shops were closed.
Beaches and other attactions close by. Shopping malls and lots of restaurants to choose from within walking distance
We loved the atmosphere in Auckland. There were A LOT of tourists around so I was constantly being asked for directions though I'm an American.
I suppose we look enough alike... walking around the city's parks, shops and wharf are great fun and combined with the Skycity Tower is was reminiscent of Seattle. Good craft beers are available but the food and beverage in NZ and especially Auckland is expensive! The US dollar is strong but I still felt that several of the meals were overpriced. Obvious advice is to go with the local one of a kind shops and not the chain restaurants.
Friendly City with excellent public transport clean streets handy to parks beaches recreational areas enjoyed our stay
Auckland is clean, green and easy to sightsee, go by many forms of transport. It's suburbs are great shopping, interesting landscape, plenty of beaches, bays and buildings.
Architecture is varied and well kept. Harbour is stunning. Prices are reasonable, people are friendly.
Peaceful place, very relaxing city, good quality of honey & cream lotion product. Seafood is best quality and cheap price.
Lots of activities in the suburb areas.In city central it's limited and a bit pricey. Plan carefully your trip,where and how to.
Gorgeous Genteel and breathtaking city. Take the airport shuttle rather than a taxi. Take the ferry to Devenport for gorgeous Art Deco architecture.
Sky city is worth the view. Kiwis are so friendly. Thank you Auckland!
Absolutely loved the public spaces we visited. Lots of lovely restaurants bars public seating,gardens,food and service was great.
Make sure you take the time to get out to some of Aucklands suburbs. Devonport, a short ferry ride across the harbour.
Grab a local bus tour with a local guide. Also Parnell, Newmarket & Mt Eden. These can be reached by the Auckland city bus service.
Known as the city of sails speaks for itself as its surrounded by lovely scenic harbours and beaches.
I absolutely LOVE this city. My highlights are definitely Waiheke island and I also loved going to Mission Bay.
Taking a ferry is a must, the further the better, as even watching the special islands on the way is just great! I would have loved to go to Rotorua, I didn't get to that, but I would definitely do that next time! There are many options to rent a car, but when you are staying in the centre, it's not useful. Parking is not free, not even at some hotels. Buses are running just fine, clear digital displays and reaasonably on time.
i like the nightlife near and around sky tower, be it food, people, casino there, majestic view of the tower.
Auckland is a very big city and coming from Rotorua find everything interesting Love just walking around the streets Always something to do
Easy to get around Auckland City via bus, ferry or train. Some outer areas like hot springs require a car hire.
Lots to see, domain, winter garden, Auckland museum, zoo, rangitoto island, Devonport, tower, Albert park.
Auckland is not the place to go if you want to experience city life, probably should not be on your priority list if visiting New Zealand.
There is so much more nature to see in South Island or smaller towns like Rotorua.
A city worth visiting. A must do attraction would be a trip on the water of some sort, perhaps a ferry trip to Waiheke.
The only reason we visit here is to go for the Hobbiton Movie Set! If you like to do sightseeing and outdoor activities, I will recommend you to go South instead.
I saw a lot of young people from different countries in the world. There were also stores from different culture backgrounds.
A lot of coffee places with special desserts!
really great place plenty to do and see ..good for adventure..sightseeing ...walking/trecking ..plenty of very helpfull locals
It is a very beautiful city with great food and wine. I loved to stay in Auckland and just fool around.
Would love to visit again.
Auckland is an attractive city with a lot of attractions. Suggest taking a day tour on the hop on/hop off bus to get your bearings.
Getting around by yourself in a car can be challenging, especially if you need to travel on a motorway (like in many big cities).
I've been there several times by cruise ship & fly in, very easy to get around, lovely harbour so take a local ferry trip to enjoy the pretty scenery.
Lots of great restaurants around the quay area, & night life for the younger ones. Lovely friendly Kiwi's & beautiful city to jump off & see the rest of New Zealand. We went to the Corromandel area this time.
I have now been to Auckland twice for concerts. It is a great city to visit with easy access and a great public transport system.
The restaurants we visited were amazing, and the shopping spectacular. I will definitely be back.
Auckland is a multi cultural diverse city. Lots of interesting places to drink and eat . The Auckland harbour is fun , ferry over to devonport , waiheke island or either of the Barrier Islands fun in the city of sails for all
Auckland was a nice city to experience for 2 days. The town centre has sops, restaurants and nightlife but with a relaxed vibe.
The Quay and waterfront area has been developed nicely with restaurants and bars for a relaxed evening. The surrounding areas have things to do like shopping malls, Eden Park, Ponsonby Road for a more quirky café/shops area.
Auckland is a lovely city with a lot to do within the city and also in the surrounding area. Going to Waiheke island for a day or two from Auckland is a fun way to see wineries and wildlife.
Kauwau Island is also a great adventure and the Kauwau Lodge is adorable.


text:
Valparaiso's longest running cafe
Blackbird Cafe is a true local coffee shop, the kind of place where the baristas know your name and remember what you order. We pride ourselves on serving amazing food from scratch daily using only the highest-quality ingredients and locally-grown produce. We offer the best selection of fresh coffees, teas and espresso drinks in Valparaiso.
(219) 548-2811
114 E. Lincolnway, Valparaiso, Indiana
7a.m to 10p.m.
the creatives:
artists, architects and designers are the people that shape our world. too often art is taken out of the everyday context and placed in a museum or gallery away from our everyday lives. the blackbird cafe´ has a mission to place art in our everyday surrounds and encourage the social interaction between artists and people that do other work.
we believe that there is a critical mass of creative people in valparaiso needing a space to have there work seen. our hope is to bring more people out to these events to invigorate our community.
featured artist: rocco schiralli


text:
Do you feel that sometimes, you aren't doing the best job you can as a mother? Being a mother in today's society is becoming increasingly hard. Mothers have to work to earn income, as well as balance it with family duties such as cleaning and tidying. If you have toddlers, babies, teenagers, daughters and sons... it can be quite a handful. But you can still be a great mother simply by following this guide!
First: What makes a good mother?
A good mother is patient, happy and loving.
A mother knows when she has done a good job by how well her children have turned out, although if your kids turn out bad, this does not mean you did a bad job! However you should be capable of informing your offspring on the proper way to live their lives. If you close off these doors, you are not doing a good job as a mother.
Second: How do you become the ideal mother?
First you need to be dedicated. Expect yourself to invest a good chunk of your time on self improvement. Being a good mother does not happen overnight, and even if it did, you still need to actively 'mother' your children on a day to day basis. This is a life time challenge to embrace, so begin getting used to it!
Third: Steps you should take every day.
1) Ask yourself if you're more positive than negative during the day.
If you are more negative during the day, then you may be sending bad vibes to your children. Children are extremely sensitive to bad vibes and can often pick up unwanted habits or vocabulary from this. Their overall mood will also reflect yours, being grumpy, stubborn and misbehaving. Furthermore, the long term impact is that your teenager or child may become a moody adolescent.
2) Cheer yourself up and have a treat.
Mothers need a treat to stay positive. Fathers, husbands or children are unlikely to give you praises, even if you do everything for them. Just remember that what you do is not to earn praises in return, but for the satisfaction of simply giving your children the best out of life.
3) Understand the term UNCONDITIONAL LOVE.
The most important thing my mother ever told me was 'unconditional love'. This means that, no matter what your child does, you will love him or her. It also means you should expect nothing back in return, in terms of feelings, attitude or money. Whatever you do for your child must be completely free and out of love. If you are 'expecting' your child to love you back, then you are incorrect. A mother must always be there for her child even if the son or daughter goes off the tracks and becomes a bad person. You are the only rock he or she can hold onto, YOU are the most important person in their lives.
Fourth: Get the husband to support you?
Sometimes it's hard to assert your control over the house and family if your husband constantly conflicts with your decisions. For instance, if you set ground rules which he allows the children to break, then your children will develop bad behavioural problems. And who is going to fix these problems? Most often, the mother takes over the job.
You need to coordinate with your husband and let him know what he has to do. If they are simple instructions, then the husband can easily follow them and pass them onto their teenage son or daughter. By giving a united front, you are also giving the impression to your kids on how strong your point is and reassuring their sense of security.
Fifth: Consider getting a Nanny or Helper.
Depending on where you live, having a nanny or helper may be quite common. They are extremely helpful as they help take the load off from cooking and washing, leaving you more time to be with your kids. Spending quality time with your teenage daughter and son will help improve your relationship immediately, not to mention you will feel significantly less stressed. If you are less stressed, you will be easier to communicate with yourself.
This option isn't available for everyone however, but there is the sixth step to help you!
Sixth: Take time off your work or other activities
Spending time with your children and offspring is a long term investment. You should not waste a single opportunity doing what you can do with your teenage children.
For instance, due to the increased amount of computer usage in this age and time, you yourself may be addicted to the computer! You should take time off immediately and take them out to the park every once and a while. Outdoor physical activities are great bonding activities.
Seventh: Bonding tips
Running out of ideas on what activities to do with your son or daughter? Here are my final tips!
1) Play football or frisbee in the park
2) Go to competitions together
3) Take them to a theme park
4) Go camping
5) Organize a barbeque
6) Go fishing together
Outdoor activities are a great way to create a good parent-child relationship. In fact it works for almost every relationship out there I believe!
Well, this concludes my article. I certainly hope this advice will help you become a better mother, or help you to reach your own personal goal.


text:
On 21 June 2011 16:02, Stella Dextre Clarke <email@example.com> wrote: > In support of Christine's suggestion I'd point out that the issue has been > aired at several events in the past year, e.g. the Cologne Conference on > Interoperability and Semantics in Knowledge Organization > (http://linux2.fbi.fh-koeln.de/cisko2010/presentations.html) and the NKOS > workshop in Glasgow > (http://www.comp.glam.ac.uk/pages/research/hypermedia/nkos/nkos2010/programme.html), > where I gave a presentation on the Types of mapping recommended in ISO > 25964. > > There seems no doubt that for applications in which good quality mappings > are needed from one thesaurus to another, there is a demand for compound > equivalence mappings. ISO 25964 includes recommendations for the development > and use of such mappings. And in another reply to this posting, Johan de > Smedt presents some ideas for a schema to use. > > At both the above conferences it was pointed out that an extension to SKOS > would be required. Is there any hope that W3C may soon be able to > support/encourage work on such an extension? I agree that some documentation and/or extensions on how to handle this would be very useful. We have many, perhaps even most, of the right people already here on the mailing list. The only real difference that a formal W3C group (incubator, working group, whatever category...) adds is in terms of having regular structured, chaired discussion and explicitly stated goals. If members of this mailing list were to self-organize and make a first pass at the problem, that would be a great step forwards. It would also help make the case for a more official W3C effort, if one were considered necessary. But whether W3C itself "does something" or not, the real work will be done by the experts gathered here. Perhaps having a W3C initiative to extend SKOS would make it easier for participants to justify time to their projects, line managers, funders etc? Or perhaps it would give them stronger confidence that the collaboration would be fruitful. I'm not sure. My recommendation is for people to jump in and get started, rather than wait for W3C itself to "do something". Perhaps the Wiki at http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/wiki/SKOS is a good hub for collaborations? Use cases, examples, links to draft specs etc? cheers, DanReceived on Tuesday, 21 June 2011 14:38:29 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Wednesday, 2 March 2016 13:32:15 UTC


text:
LEXINGTON, Va. -- Washington and Lee placed six players on the College Division All-State football team in voting conducted by the Virginia Sports Information Directors Association.
Junior tailback Marc Watson (Marietta, Ga./Walton), senior offensive lineman Justin Holton (Pittsburg, Texas), junior linebacker Jeff Bahl (Cincinnati, Ohio/Cincinnati Country Day) and senior defensive back Will Baker (Birmingham, Ala./Mountain Brook) were all named to the first team. Senior offensive lineman Colin Fitzgibbons (Dallas, Texas/Hillcrest) and sophomore tight end Davis White (Birmingham, Ala./Episcopal) were both selected to the honorable mention squad.
Watson, a First Team All-ODAC selection and the ODAC Player of the Year, led the ODAC in all-purpose yards (199.7 ypg) and was second in rushing (132.5 ypg), kick returns (28.8 ypr) and scoring (8.6 ppg). He ran for a school-record 1,325 yards and 12 touchdowns on 220 carries and caught 26 passes for 205 yards and another score. He accounted for 1,997 all-purpose yards (school record) and just over 50 percent of W&L's offensive output. His 382 all-purpose yards against Hampden-Sydney is the best all-purpose performance in Division III this season. Watson will enter next season already owning the school all-purpose yards record (3,950) and he is second in career rushing yards (2,482) and touchdowns (25).
Holton earned his second straight first team selection after earning First Team All-ODAC honors. He helped lead the Generals to an average of 163.5 yards per game on the ground.
Bahl was named to the first team after leading the team and the ODAC in tackles with 108 stops, including 16 for a loss (-66 yds.). He also collected five sacks, one interception, three pass breakups and six fumble recoveries. He earned First Team All-ODAC honors as well.
Baker finished his career in fine fashion, recording 73 tackles, five interceptions, six pass breakups and one sack. He stands fourth all-time at W&L with 413 career tackles and tied for fifth all-time with 11 career interceptions. He was a Second Team All-ODAC selection this season.
Fitzgibbons teamed with Holton to help the Generals to an average of 163.5 yards per game on the ground. He was a Second Team All-ODAC selection as well.
White earned honorable mention honors after catching a team-high 32 passes for 363 yards and four touchdowns. He was a First Team All-State selection last season.


text:
(Heb. gez), rendered in Psalms 72:6 "mown grass." The expression "king's mowings" ( Amos 7:1 ) refers to some royal right of early pasturage, the first crop of grass for the cavalry (Compare 1 Kings 18:5 ).
M.G. Easton M.A., D.D., Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Third Edition,
published by Thomas Nelson, 1897. Public Domain, copy freely.
[N] indicates this entry was also found in Nave's Topical Bible
[S] indicates this entry was also found in Smith's Bible Dictionary
Bibliography InformationEaston, Matthew George. "Entry for Mowing". "Easton's Bible Dictionary".


text:
New Year is the time to celebrate and enjoy. On this day New Year gifts are exchanged to our dear ones to express our blessings and happiness. The distribution of these gifts makes the occasion more meaningful. If we deal with Happy New Year 2019 gifts ideas then they depend on the taste and age of the person. Happy New Year 2019 gifts ideas can be chosen by understanding the choice and preference of the individual. These gits can be ordered online and so many people are flocked towards on offline stores for making the better choice. The most popular New Year gifts are cards, flowers, and cakes as they provide a unique impression to our loved ones. Our New Year becomes the most memorable event by these New Year Gift.
Types Of New Year Gift Ideas
Happy New Year Gifts 2019 consist of three types of ideas. Happy New Year gifts 2019 comprises ideas like personalized New Year Gifts, Monogrammed coasters and coffee mugs and bottle of wine or champagne with the name engraved.
Personalized New Year Gift
If we add the personal touch to our New Year gift then, we can make our New Year a memorable one. We can create a hand-made gift for our friends, family members, and beloved ones. If New Year 2019 gift ideas are considered then, personalized New Year gift is one of them.
Monogrammed Coasters And Coffee Mugs for Happy New Year 2019 Gifts
If we are in love then, our lover always think of us. We are always in his or her mind when he or she is drinking coffee. We can get entry into our honey's heart by seeing and observing the pictures printed on the mug of the coffee or coasters. Monogram coasters and coffee mugs are a part of New Year 2019 Gift Ideas.
Bottle Of Wine Or Champagne With Name Engraved New Year 2019 Gift
The more romantic way to celebrate New Year is the bottle of wine. If we order a large size champagne bottle then, it proves a large New Year gift for each and every individual.
2019 New Year Gifts For Girlfriend/Boyfriend
Girlfriend or boyfriend has the important place in the society. Girlfriend or boyfriend is a beloved person of the individual. A person can do anything to make him or her happy. New Year is the occasion to wish him or her and also to give him or her the gifts. These gifts are the ways to express the love towards her or him. 2019 New Year gifts for girlfriend/boyfriend will be appreciated by the current generation.
New Year Gift Items
New Year Gift Items comprise cakes, flowers, greeting cards, and paintings etc. They are the finest way to celebrate the New Year 2019. They are the best presentations of our feelings and emotions which we experience during this occasion. They are the best presents for our loved ones. We can express our love by them. They are the best way to say goodbye to the previous year and say welcome to the coming year. We can welcome new hopes of New Year by accepting these New Year 2019 gift items of our beloved ones.


text:
I came across a very interesting blog called Personified.com – and the chap who runs this blog was experimenting with the idea that the right side of our brain (the creative side) needs a bit of a warm up, to help us to really tap into our "creative zen".
It's all about getting our "lazy right side" of the brain into action, without the left side of our brains poking their nose in to control things. It's mostly an example at freeing up your creative flow for writing, but I'm sure it would work also for drawing as well.
He suggests just opening up a word document and spewing forth a banter of writings, without any need for it to make sense… to have it all going crazy. Just open up your mind and spill/type… do this for about 15 minutes, letting your brain just have a ball thinking up whatever it likes….
"Remember, your right brain is the hub of creative thought, so if that side of your brain is controlling the writing, you'll know because you won't really be able to perseverate on one aspect of your central topic for too long. In fact, you probably won't even have a central topic.
Your right brain tends to see the entire picture at once, and as a result, it cannot extrapolate minor details in an orderly fashion. If your writing comes out looking pretty refined and cogent, then that's a good indicator that your left brain is trying to stick its nose where it doesn't belong.
The bottom line is that your goal is simply to unleash the creative chaos in the right brain, temporarily freeing it from the suffocating bully that is your left brain."
I would suggest visiting his blog for further insights into this process (stream-of-consciousness writing).
I'm certainly going to start trying this out once a day, but with drawing of course into my visual diary… some of the results will probably be quite ugly, but I'm sure it will also be quite freeing as well! (i hope!)
Here's what my brain regurgitated today…


text:
Being from Mayne Island, and being a writer, is getting to be a hard act to follow. Better said, it has been for a while. There are many writers from my British Columbia island home, but I never really noticed them until Vancouverite David Scearce (and some-time Mayne Island weekender) got noticed for adapting the screenplay for the Tom Ford film A Single Man from Christopher Ishwerwood's book. He has since adapted at least one other book into a screenplay. Of course, it will be a movie.
You can read about his story here: http://www.straight.com/movies/vancouverite-david-scearce-succeeds-single-man-screenplay. Wikipedia also has some info on him.
And now a few other things have happened: Vancouver-to-Mayne-Island transplantee Grant Buday has written a book I could have just stayed home to write, instead of hauling myself off halfway around the globe to study art history in Europe (and write the resulting book about it). But, he wrote it instead.
It is a slim volume (at 80 pages) but just an excerpt from it makes me miss my island home. You can read about it here: http://www.newstarbooks.com/book.php?book_id=1554200571. And here: http://arts.nationalpost.com/2011/08/05/open-book-stranger-on-a-strange-island-by-grant-buday/.
And now Mayne Island cottager and Victoria resident Arleen Paré has won the Governor General's Award for poetry. Originally from Montreal, she now spends some time on Mayne and says she will also spend some of her GG prize money buying a heat pump for her cottage.
Besides the fact I think the GG award prize should be a much higher dollar figure, at least it will help her keep warm if she visits the island this winter. Read about her plans here: http://finearts.uvic.ca/blog/?p=4510.


text:
[mc4wp_form id="5471"]
How to celebrate our freedom?
You, the creator. Time and space, your tools.
You ask for the opportunity. You ask for the chance. It is already here. You just need to look up, look with right intent and look long enough. Learn to use time and space well. Space. Calm sets in when…
50 pages a day
How to ensure success. (no, the secret is not enough practice)
Do good to feel good.
Myth of easy success in digital world
The success of people and brands on the web fuels dreams. Dreams that make you think that overnight success is possible. This hardly is the case. Even today – in the world of mobile, twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn – you need…
How to charge more
Good to charge more! Why charge more? Charge more to transform your cheap business to a premium business. It is a mindset thing. I have listed below excuses that a "cheap business" owner gives – against not charging a premium …
Are you building a cheap business?
Fear drives what we do. It also drives what we do not do. People stay stuck in a dead job because they think it is the best they can get. People also leave jobs and jump on to entrepreneurial bandwagon…
How to increase your income 60 times in next 6 years!
Next Time!
What to do when things do not work the way you want?
How to get in groove after you get back from holidays?
My 5 words for 2012
5 words for 2012 Every year I decide on 5 words as my guideposts. In 2011, these 5 words were minimize, ship, love, act and help. Life changes – with it perspectives and goals. My goals for 2012 are…


text:
Washington, DC Online Ph.D. Media Studies Doctorate Programs
Online Ph.D. in media studies programs are available. Earn a doctorate in media studies and you may have the opportunity to work with thought leaders in your field of interest. Online media studies Ph.D. programs cover topics in a vast array of specializations. Online Ph.D. programs in media studies might prepare students to pursue a career as an artist, professor, or researcher.
Sponsored Listings
- Santa Barbara, CASanta Barbara, CA
Fielding Graduate University
PhD in Media Psychology
The PhD in Media Psychology applies theories of psychology to the study of how media and technology impact human behavior.