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Teaching for Quality Learning at University
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1 The Society for Research into Higher Education Teaching for Quality Learning at University Third Edition John Biggs and Catherine Tang
2 Teaching for Quality Learning at University
3 SRHE and Open University Press Imprint Current titles include: Catherine Bargh et al.: University Leadership Ronald Barnett: Beyond all Reason Ronald Barnett and Kelly Coate: Engaging the Curriculum in Higher Education Ronald Barnett: Reshaping the University Tony Becher and Paul R. Trowler: Academic Tribes and Territories 2/e Richard Blackwell and Paul Blackmore (eds): Towards Strategic Staff Development in Higher Education David Boud and Nicky Solomon (eds): Work-based Learning Tom Bourner et al. (eds): New Directions in Professional Higher Education John Brennan and Tarla Shah: Managing Quality Higher Education Anne Brockbank and Ian McGill: Facilitating Reflective Learning in Higher Education 2/e Ann Brooks and Alison Mackinnon (eds): Gender and the Restructured University Burton R. Clark: Sustaining Change in Universities James Cornford and Neil Pollock: Putting the University Online John Cowan: On Becoming an Innovative University Teacher 2/e Vaneeta D Andrea and David Gosling: Improving Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Sara Delamont, Paul Atkinson and Odette Parry: Supervising the Doctorate 2/e Sara Delamont and Paul Atkinson: Successful Research Careers Gerard Delanty: Challenging Knowledge Chris Duke: Managing the Learning University Heather Eggins (ed.): Globalization and Reform in Higher Education Heather Eggins and Ranald Macdonald (eds): The Scholarship of Academic Development Howard Green and Stuart Powell: Doctoral Study in Contemporary Higher Education Merle Jacob and Tomas Hellström (eds): The Future of Knowledge Production in the Academy Peter Knight: Being a Teacher in Higher Education Peter Knight and Paul Trowler: Departmental Leadership in Higher Education Peter Knight and Mantz Yorke: Assessment, Learning and Employability Ray Land: Educational Development Dina Lewis and Barbara Allan: Virtual Learning Communities David McConnell: E-Learning Groups and Communities Ian McNay (ed.): Beyond Mass Higher Education Louise Morley: Quality and Power in Higher Education Lynne Pearce: How to Examine a Thesis Moira Peelo and Terry Wareham (eds): Failing Students in Higher Education Craig Prichard: Making Managers in Universities and Colleges Stephen Rowland: The Enquiring University Teacher Maggi Savin-Baden: Problem-based Learning in Higher Education Maggi Savin-Baden: Facilitating Problem-based Learning Maggi Savin-Baden and Claire Howell Major: Foundations of Problem-based Learning Maggi Savin-Baden and Kay Wilkie: Challenging Research in Problem-based Learning David Scott et al.: Professional Doctorates Michael L. Shattock: Managing Successful Universities Maria Slowey and David Watson: Higher Education and the Lifecourse Colin Symes and John McIntyre (eds): Working Knowledge Richard Taylor, Jean Barr and Tom Steele: For a Radical Higher Education Malcolm Tight: Researching Higher Education Penny Tinkler and Carolyn Jackson: The Doctoral Examination Process Melanie Walker: Higher Education Pedagogies Melanie Walker (ed.): Reconstructing Professionalism in University Teaching Melanie Walker and Jon Nixon (eds): Reclaiming Universities from a Runaway World Diana Woodward and Karen Ross: Managing Equal Opportunities in Higher Education Mantz Yorke and Bernard Longden: Retention and Student Success in Higher Education
4 Teaching for Quality Learning at University What the Student Does 3rd edition John Biggs and Catherine Tang
5 Open University Press McGraw-Hill Education McGraw-Hill House Shoppenhangers Road Maidenhead Berkshire England SL6 2QL world wide web: and Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY , USA First edition published 1999 Second edition published 2003 This third edition published 2007 Copyright John Biggs and Catherine Tang 2007 All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher or a licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited. Details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd of Saffron House, 6 10 Kirby Street, London, EC1N 8TS. A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN (pb) (hb) ISBN-13: (pb) (hb) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data CIP data has been applied for Typeset by RefineCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk Printed in Poland by OZ Graf. S.A.
6 Learning takes place through the active behavior of the student: it is what he does that he learns, not what the teacher does. Ralph W. Tyler (1949) If students are to learn desired outcomes in a reasonably effective manner, then the teacher s fundamental task is to get students to engage in learning activities that are likely to result in their achieving those outcomes.... It is helpful to remember that what the student does is actually more important in determining what is learned than what the teacher does. Thomas J. Shuell (1986)
8 Contents List of boxes List of figures List of tables List of tasks Foreword to original edition Preface to third edition Acknowledgements When you have read this book viii x xi xiii xv xvii xix xx 1 The changing scene in university teaching 1 2 Teaching according to how students learn 15 3 Setting the stage for effective teaching 31 4 Using constructive alignment in outcomes-based teaching and learning 50 5 Designing intended learning outcomes 64 6 Contexts for effective teaching and learning 91 7 Teaching/learning activities for declarative knowledge Teaching/learning activities for functioning knowledge Aligning assessment with intended learning outcomes: Principles Assessing and grading declarative knowledge Assessing and grading functioning knowledge Implementing constructive alignment Constructive alignment as implemented: Some examples 284 References 318 Index 331
9 List of boxes 1.1 Outcomes-based education, outcomes based education, outcome-based education and outcome based education: Which do we use? How constructive alignment came into being From objectives to intended learning outcomes in an engineering course Adventure learning in the School of Law Course preparation assignments in the teaching of sociology Some examples of work-along exercises for a class in accounting of over 200 students Dons struggle with stage fright How reflection led to assessment being used as a TLA A case in environmental education An example of teaching/learning activities in acting skills How not to encourage creativity Designing a problem Why measurement model procedures remain How Faculty Office suggests final grades should be determined (and the best of British luck!) The problem in Box How not to mark a dissertation Two examples of students views on multiple-choice tests What do you remember of Thomas Jefferson? An ordered-outcome item for physiotherapy students A chemistry ordered-outcome item A warning from an ancient history essay Sample items that went into an assessment portfolio in a course for teachers 223
10 List of boxes ix 11.2 An example of assessing and grading a portfolio holistically A powerful Venn item Contents of a teaching portfolio Some conditions for effective peer review (PR) of teaching for quality enhancement 270
11 List of figures 1.1 Student orientation, teaching method and level of engagement Desired and actual level of engagement, approaches to learning and enhancing teaching Aligning intended learning outcomes, teaching and assessment tasks Interrelations between two levels of graduate attributes A hierarchy of verbs that may be used to form intended learning outcomes Effect of rest or change of activity on learning Effect of testing at end of lecture on retention Learning in four topics and their formative and summative assessment Teacher s and student s perspectives on assessment Three domains of interaction in implementing constructively aligned teaching and learning Theory and transformative reflective practice in teaching Administrative and educational needs striking the right balance 276
12 List of tables 3.1 Aspects of teaching likely to lead to surface approaches Intended learning outcomes (ILOs) for The Nature of Teaching and Learning and aligned teaching/learning activities (TLAs) ILOs for The Nature of Teaching and Learning and aligned assessment tasks (ATs) Some verbs for ILOs from the SOLO taxonomy Some more ILO verbs from Bloom s revised taxonomy Aligning programme ILOs with graduate attributes Most people learn Some important general criteria for any TLA: a checklist What teachers and students do in a lecture leading to an ILO containing explain What teachers and students do in a lecture leading to an ILO containing apply Some areas for developing functioning knowledge with sample ILOs and the teaching/learning situations where they may be located Two lexicons Comparing the measurement and standards models Some typical declarative and functioning knowledge verbs by SOLO level Grading criteria (rubrics) for an argue-a-case assignment Conversions between percentage points, letter grades and GPA Example of criteria (rubrics) for grading an ILO Holistic grading of a portfolio of items Grading the ILO reflect and improve Demands of the measurement model and those of good teaching Grading criteria for the critical review of literature in veterinary science 291
13 xii List of tables 13.2 Examples of grading criteria of different assessment tasks in accounting Weighting of the three assessment tasks in engineering with respect to the ILOs Some examples of grading criteria for different assessment tasks in information systems A quality-enhancement measure focusing on the mean results for a given course A quality-enhancement measure focusing on the results obtained by an individual student Some examples of grading criteria for different assessment tasks in management sciences Holistic grading for the assessment portfolio in nursing 313
14 List of tasks 2.1 What are your theories of teaching and learning? Does your teaching encourage surface or deep approaches to learning? What messages of success and failure do you convey to your students? What sort of classroom climate are you creating for your students? Reflection on a critical teaching/assessment incident What are the major problems in your own teaching that you would like to solve? SOLO levels in approaches to learning question and why Writing course ILOs Aligning programme ILOs with graduate attributes Aligning course ILOs with programme ILOs The teaching/learning context you have created What happened in your large class lecture? Redesigning your next large class lecture TLAs for declarative knowledge Getting going with PBL ILOs and TLAs in putting knowledge to work Some cats to place among your collegial pigeons: six assessment dilemmas for you to consider NRA or CRA? Where does your assessment stand? Writing ordered-outcome items Design an assessment task or tasks for one of your course ILOs Design portfolio assessment for functioning knowledge Venn diagram of TLAs and ATs for functioning knowledge Design an assessment task or tasks for one of your course ILOs 243
15 xiv List of tasks 12.1 Do your quality assurance processes encourage or discourage aligned teaching? Follow-up of Task Follow-up of Task Your achievement of the intended outcomes of this book 317
16 Foreword to original edition The book is an exceptional introduction to some difficult ideas. It is full of downright good advice for every academic who wants to do something practical to improve his or her students learning. So much of what we read on this subject is either a recycling of sensible advice topped by a thin layer of second-hand theory, or a dense treatise suitable for graduate students with a taste for the tougher courses. Not many writers are able to take the reader along the middle road, where theory applied with a delicate touch enables us to transform our practice. What is unique about Biggs is his way with words, his outspoken fluency, his precision, his depth of knowledge, his inventiveness, or rather how he blends all these things together. Like all good teachers, he engages us from the start, and he never talks down to us. He achieves unity between his objectives, his teaching methods and his assessment; and thus, to adapt his own phrase, he entraps the reader in a web of consistency that optimizes his or her own learning. Perhaps not everyone will agree with Biggs s treatment of the academic differences between phenomenography and constructivism. I m not sure I do myself. But does it matter? The author himself takes a pragmatic approach. In the daunting task that faces lecturers in responding to the pressures of mass higher education, reduced public funding, and students who are paying more for their education, the bottom line of engineering better learning outcomes matters more than nice theoretical distinctions. Readers of the present book will especially enjoy its marvellous treatment of student assessment (particularly Chapters 3, 8 and 9).* Biggs s most outstanding single contribution to education has been the creation of the Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome (SOLO) taxonomy. Rather than read about the extraordinary practical utility of this device in secondary sources, get it from the original here. From assessing clinical decision * This material is covered in Chapters 5, 9, 10 and 11 in the present edition.
17 xvi Foreword to original edition making by medical students to classifying the outcomes of essays in history, SOLO remains the assessment apparatus of choice. There are very few writers on the subject of university teaching who can engage a reader so personally, express doubts so clearly, relate research findings so eloquently to personal experience and open our eyes to the wonder around us. John Biggs is a rare thing: an author who has the humility born of generosity and intelligence to show us how he is still learning himself. Paul Ramsden Brisbane
18 Preface to third edition It is very gratifying to discover that, since the second edition of this book, the concept of constructive alignment has become part of the working theory not only of individual teachers, researchers and teaching developers, but has been implemented in many institutions and is now part of the language of quality assurance on a systemic basis. Google constructive alignment and you now get over 24,000 references. This upsurge of interest in constructive alignment is paralleled by that in outcomes-based education (OBE): this is not surprising, given that constructive alignment is itself one form of OBE. Unfortunately, there are other forms of OBE that have received a less than favourable press. To make sure we keep constructively aligned OBE quite separate from the others, we refer to ours as one instance of outcomes-based teaching and learning (OBTL). Our concern is exclusively with enhancing learning through quality teaching, not with managerialism, on the one hand, or with politically controversial school-based curricula, on the other. These tangled skeins are unravelled in Chapter 1. However, this edition is not intended only for those interested in outcomes-based education. The major intention is as it has always been: to enhance teaching and learning through reflective practice using constructive alignment as the framework for reflection. An important feature of this edition is that whereas in previous editions Catherine Tang was acknowledged as a continuing source of inspiration to JB, she is now on board as co-author. While Catherine was head of staff development at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU), she initiated an inter-institutional project implementing constructive alignment, funded by the University Grants Committee (UGC) of Hong Kong, resulting eventually in the PolyU adopting constructive alignment throughout the university. Then both of us were invited as consultants to the institution-wide implementation of OBTL, in the form of constructive alignment, at the City University of Hong Kong. This experience has taught us a great deal, not only about implementing constructive alignment in different disciplines in
19 xviii Preface to third edition individual classrooms, but also about the strategies and the politics of implementation on an institution-wide basis. The UGC is currently committed to bring outcomes-based education, of which constructive alignment is one example, to all eight Hong Kong tertiary institutions in due course. The language of OBE has become widespread and for that reason, this edition uses that language consistently: for example, we now speak of intended learning outcomes (ILOs), not curriculum objectives as before. In fact, we are grateful for the reminder, because curriculum objectives wasn t quite the right term anyway, as we discuss in Chapter 5. Our recent experience has also resulted in several changes from previous editions, apart from terminology. One is that we are concerned with implementation at the institutional level as well as in the classroom. What were in the previous edition special topics large class teaching, using educational technology, teaching international students are now dealt with as all part of designing and implementing constructively aligned teaching and assessment. Educational technology is now so much an integral part of university teaching that it should be treated as such, not as a special topic. And while international students undoubtedly have specials needs with regard to provision for language and social support, when teaching is focused on students learning activities that are aligned to the intended outcomes of learning, the need to teach to presumed differences between students on the grounds of ethnicity disappears, as was made clear in the previous edition. Another change is that, following our own hands-on experience with implementing constructive alignment, this edition is even more practically oriented than the last, aimed directly at practising teachers, staff developers and administrators. Readers looking for a comprehensive update of research into student learning will not find it here. We do, however, provide two or three tasks in every chapter, making some 28 tasks in all. Doing those tasks as you, the reader, progress will without doubt enhance your understanding of constructive alignment, but you may prefer to tackle those tasks if and when you are seriously attempting to implement constructive alignment in your own teaching. In that case, the tasks are virtually a how-to manual. To emphasize that practical orientation, and to show that implementation is possible under a variety of conditions, the final chapter gives concrete examples of implementing constructive alignment on a faculty-wide basis and of recently constructively aligned curricula in various subjects. We also provide URLs for some excellent material that is up there waiting to be accessed. Finally, a further note on terminology. Many different terms are used to refer to degree programmes and the unit courses making up those programmes. Bachelor s degree programmes we refer to as programmes, which some refer to as courses. The units of study that make up programmes we call courses, which others refer to as units, modules or subjects. John Biggs, Catherine Tang Hobart, Tasmania
20 Acknowledgements As was stated in the acknowledgements in the first and second editions, there are many ideas in this book that came about through interacting with friends and colleagues over the years. These are not repeated here. For this edition, we must mention Professor Richard Ho, for bringing us on board at the City University of Hong Kong, and Aman Shah, Tracy Lo, Roger Fung and Helen Mak, for expediting our work there. Others who have been directly helpful in providing stimulation, ideas and content for this edition are: Denise Chalmers, Catherine Chiu, Melanie Collier, Alan Dunnett, Mark Endean, Ron Kwok, David Johnston, Olivia Leung, Lawrence Li, Peter Looker, Janice McKay, Elaine Payne, Paul Ramsden, Paul Shin, Rosanne Taylor, Agnes Tiwari, Patrick Wong and Sandy Wong. Finally, we must thank Katy Hamilton, Louise Caswell, Shona Mullen and Catriona Watson of McGraw-Hill/Open University Press who have seen us through this edition, patiently and helpfully. John Biggs, Catherine Tang Hobart, Tasmania
21 When you have read this book When you have read this book you should be able to: 1 Explain to a colleague what constructive alignment is and where it fits into other models of outcomes-based education. 2 Write a set of no more than five or six intended learning outcomes, each containing a key learning verb, for a semester-long course you are teaching. 3 Reflect on your current teaching using the constructive alignment framework and devise: teaching/learning activities that address your intended learning outcomes and that activate those key verbs assessment tasks that likewise address those key verbs rubrics or criteria for assessment that enable judgments to be made as to how well your outcomes have been addressed. 4 Develop quality enhancement processes for your own teaching. 5 Identify quality assurance and enhancement processes within your institution that support the implementation of constructively aligned teaching.
22 1 The changing scene in university teaching In the days when university classes contained highly selected students, the lecture and tutorial seemed to work well enough. However, the increasingly drastic changes in the tertiary sector have redrawn the university scene not entirely disadvantageously for teaching quality. With student fees now a high proportion of funding, universities have had to improve the quality of their teaching. Many are using constructive alignment what this book is about as the means of doing so. We see how it may do that by looking at two very different students, Susan and Robert, who we are likely to meet in today s classrooms. The nature of the change The university sector in most western and some eastern countries continues to change at an increasingly hectic rate. A major difference in the period separating this edition from the last, published in 2003, is that there is now an increasing recognition that teaching and learning have been neglected in favour of leaner and meaner universities and that something needs to be done about it, particularly given that teaching now has a higher priority in most of today s universities. How this came about is rather paradoxical. Twenty years ago, public funding paid for virtually 100% of costs of the tertiary sector, but today that is very far from being the case. Australia, for example, is now heading towards 30% of university funding from the public purse. The bulk of the missing funding comes from student fees. That is having profound effects on both students and on university teaching. However, the reason for the enormous cuts in public funding was not only to save money and keep taxes low, although that was the rhetoric; it was ideological. It stems from the neo-conservative belief that education is a private good and therefore one should pay for it, like one does for any other
23 2 Teaching for quality learning at university goods. That changed the nature of universities and the university mission: they became corporatized and competitive for markets. First, let us look at what happened to teaching and learning. Teaching and learning Now that students have to pay higher fees, they will be likely to demand highprofile programmes that are well taught and will enhance their employment prospects. Those who can, will shop around to find the right one for them. Some, using the logic that education is a commodity to be bought, feel that having paid for a degree they are entitled to be awarded one. The pressures on staff are complex: to teach in a student-friendly manner, but that may encourage them to lower standards. Such downward pressures, in some celebrated cases, have also emanated from administration, because of the funding implications of failing students. Universities in many Asian countries have improved their teaching considerably, so that the cost benefits of Asian students leaving their countries to complete a degree are, for Hong Kong, Singaporean, Malaysian, Korean and increasingly PRC students, not so apparent as they once were. There ll always be linguistic and cultural reasons for moving to another country to study, but the educational case for international students to study abroad is not nearly as strong as it once was. Universities will need to provide teaching of a quality well above that which these students would receive in their home countries, not to mention making special provision for them in providing a supportive extracurricular environment and services. Despite the financial disincentives, a greater proportion of school leavers is now in higher education. Ten years ago the proportion was around 15%; now it is over 40% in many countries, and some politicians are signalling a target of up to 60%. The brightest and most committed students still go to university, as they have in the past, but they sit alongside students of rather different academic bent. The range of ability within classes is now considerable, which presents teaching-related problems to staff. Cramming students into large lecture halls is no longer good enough. Many universities, accepting that teaching is no longer the poor cousin of research, have responded positively with an increasingly teaching-friendly environment. It is increasingly being recognized that good teaching is as much a function of an institution-wide infrastructure as it is a gift with which some lucky academics are born. Many universities are funding on a larger scale than previously staff development centres and centres for teaching and learning, giving recognition of research into teaching one s content area as legitimate research, and accepting an institution-wide responsibility for teaching-related issues, with policies and procedures that encourage good teaching and assessment. In sum, under the new financial arrangements in universities, both teaching quality and maintenance of standards are under greater pressure
24 The changing scene in university teaching 3 than ever. However, as argued in previous editions of this book, maintaining standards when the quality of students is so diverse is indeed possible. This is the Robert and Susan problem, to which we return later in this chapter. The solution to the problem, briefly, is a matter of immersing students in a teaching environment that requires them to use learning activities that are likely to lead to the intended outcomes and we use constructive alignment to achieve this. If a focus on improving teaching at the classroom level is one consequence of the rigorous new financial regime on universities, it had quite a different effect on the management of institutions. Managerial concerns The new agenda for universities, to sell education and to provide for market needs, makes them like any other corporation that sells a product. Vice-chancellors become CEOs of a firm; the administration, top heavy with managers, dictates policy and such matters as what courses are to be taught and what are to be cut. This has enormous implications for both research and teaching, but we concentrate only on the latter here. The managerial climate demands a new modularized credit-based curriculum, accountability and quality assurance. If a degree is a commodity to be sold, then the customer will demand assurance as to the quality of the product, and that a degree commenced in one university can be completed in another. As students move between university and workforce and back to university, or start their degree at one institution and finish at another, they can trade in credit transfers. Hence the appearance of benchmarking institutions, in a more formalized attempt to standardize the outcomes of education than the previous external examiner system and of the modularization of degree programmes. One version of outcomes-based education (OBE) made its appearance as a means of benchmarking and increasing accountability but the outcomes are at institutional rather than the course level. This application and theory of OBE is quite different from that in outcomes-based teaching and learning, and constructive alignment in particular, which is concerned with more effective teaching and assessment at the course and programme level. We discuss these differences between different types of outcomes-based education later. A danger of benchmarking and the credit transfer curriculum is that one of the important characteristics of the university, the pursuit of excellence, is endangered. Ideally, departments should build on their strengths so that they became renowned for their research and teaching in a specific area of the discipline. Credit transfers, however, may work on the equivalence not only of standards but of curriculum, so the net effect is likely not to differentiate but to homogenize the offerings between universities. Care must be taken that credit transfers do not dumb down institutions
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In a very surprising move earlier this weekend, the first display center was launched for Benelli and Keyway Motorbikes in Johar Town, Lahore. This launch was a total surprise for many people, including me. There was a simple Facebook event page created prior to the commencement of this event. So, I decided to explore the products from this company on an unofficial visit.
When I asked about the simplistic approach to quietly launch the display center from an official, who was there to receive and cater the queries of visitors, he replied:
We had spent huge amount of money on the official announcement for this venture earlier in June, but this time we opted for a simpler approach to let the public know that we are in business…
Currently the company is taking orders from their Lahore office and is planning to open new display centers and showrooms across the country.
We have received a lot of positive feedback from potential buyers and showroom owners. People have been very forthcoming and positive about our products. So we will hopefully be announcing some of our affiliated showrooms in a couple of months" replied the Director of the company.
The company is offering two categories of products in Pakistan, where one would be aimed to cater the entry-level and the other would be aimed to intermediate-level bikers. The bike in question is Benelli TNT 25, which is a 250 cc, single cylinder, liquid cooled engine capable of producing 25 bhp at 9000-RPM and 21.5 NM of torque at 7500-RPM. This motorbike also comes equipped with a 6-speed transmission and Keeway RKS150 Sport, which is 150 cc, single cylinder, air cooled engine capable of producing 12 bhp at 8500 RPM and 11.0 Nm of torque at 7500 RPM. It is also worth mentioning that the company is claiming the 45-50 km/litre mileage off the RKS150 Sport.
Initially, the RKS150 Sport was offered in two variants, RKS150 Sport-GS and RKS150 Sport-CG, but I found out that the company is not taking orders for the CG variant. Upon my inquiry on this latest step, the director replied:
Initially we wanted to probe the market about what people are expecting from us and that is why we introduced 2 variants of the same bike. The CG variant of RKS150 sport was designed to be aimed at the Asian markets, while its other counterpart RKS150Sport-GS was specifically designed for the European market. As I mentioned earlier, this was a calculated step to engage the public's interest and people have confessed on buying a superior engine and a bike with better build quality. Moreover, the price difference was on 10,000 rupees, so we are not taking orders for the RKS150 Sport-CG.
Also Read: Benelli and Keeway motorbikes launched in Pakistan
Now I know all of the above mentioned facts are great but you might be wondering, "what about the bikes?" I will be honest, both TNT25 and RKS150 Sport are quite the lookers, coupled with a premium build feel at first glance, I would say they are very visually appealing and will definitely stand out from their competition. Unfortunately, I was not able to test drive them and that is why I can't express my opinions on the bike ride and other technical points. But one thing is for certain, these new bikes definitely hold the merit of further scrutiny.
Furthermore, we have a psychological barrier in Pakistan when the total purchase crosses the figure of 100,000 rupees, and that is why I asked the company official on the possible financing of these bikes. And he replied:
We are currently negotiating with Silk Bank and Bank Alfallah, so hopefully in the near future, we will be able to offer our products to a wide variety of customers at their convenience
I decided to bade farewell by asking one last question from the director on the Govt.'s attitude towards their new automobile start-up, and he replied:
The current Auto-policy has really opened up the doors for a lot of investors. They have decreased the duty on the CBU's which is a really welcome gesture. Plus, to encourage new investors they were kind enough to relax some taxes for our initial units, which really shows a positive attitude towards encouraging auto-industry. The Govt. has also allowed us to import 90-100 units for the testing purposes, which will really help us in our future endeavors of introducing full-fledged sports bikes in the local market.
Please share your opinions with us.

subset: commoncrawl


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Sale Date Ended
Sale Date Ended
Page Views : 892
Hey People
Its time to Bring out your inner geek and get yourself a beauty. #GetYourGeekOn
Limited Early Bird Tickets On Sale Now - INR.600 per Couple | 400 Stag
Boys: slick your hair down, get your four eyes on and your nerdiest t-shirt for this ultimate geek fest. Oh, and that bow tie you never thought you'd wear...this is your chance.
Girls: well you don't have to do much, just turn up as your beautiful selves and dress to impress!
P.S - you can also switch roles for the above
PLUS your chance to win epic prizes in the Best Dressed Geek & Beauty Competition!


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Store - Kroger in Houston
- Ozarka water bottles (1L) .79c each
- 1 pint of 2% milk - $1.39
- 1 single serving packet of pistachios - $1
- 2 Vokos Greek yogurt- $1 each, $2 total
- 2 packets of apples & peanut butter - .40 c each, .80 c total
- 3 apples - .99c
- 2 packets of Justin's peanut butter - $1, $2 total
- 2 Odwalla bars (just a little sweet treat!) - $1 each, $2 total
Now, this seems like a high price but I did shop for 2 and I wanted to make sure that I got a good variety of foods. In my haul, I included produce, nuts, two forms of dairy, and carbohydrates. Not to mention, I had to add water to keep me hydrated. Originally, I was planning to have the fruit, milk, and yogurt for breakfast and keep the apple snack pack, Justin's, and Odwalla bar in my bag in case we had to face a similar fate during lunch. Luckily for me, our lunch was covered so I was able keep those snacks in my purse for a later time.
What would you have done differently? Is there anything that you felt I missed or something that you would have gotten instead? Share your thoughts with me in the comment section below!
-Eating Clean in College


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Embracing flexible working made Cancer Research UK more efficient, customer service manager Jane Swindle has said
As a charity funded entirely through public donations, it's incredibly important that Cancer Research UK is able to account for where every single pound of money is spent and that we maximise the amount we put into life-saving cancer research. In the financial year 2011/12, we spent £332m on our annual cancer research activity.
One of the most effective ways we have found to optimise funding resources is by carefully managing our resources and constantly reviewing and challenging what we do and the way we operate. In 2010 we moved our existing London-based staff that needed to remain in London into one single building, the Angel Building in Islington. Before that point, our staff occupied several different office buildings which had been used by the charities that formed Cancer Research UK some years before. While there were initial costs involved in moving, in the longer term the move has resulted in significant cost savings. We are saving 20% on future operating costs as well as reducing travel costs.
The original plan was to relocate staff desktop computers and laptops to the new site. However, the move also presented us with an opportunity to implement a flexible working policy. This would allow staff the option to work from home, or on-location and not only promised to deliver further cost savings for Cancer Research UK, but deliver an array of other benefits.
The reasons behind the move to flexible working
Given the size of the charity and the breadth of our work, including fundraising and research which takes place across the UK, there are times when staff members are out of the office, in meetings or at training for example. We wanted to make sure that our space and equipment doesn't sit empty or unused. Therefore it made sense for us to consider scaling back the amount of IT equipment we needed to provide. Having discussed it internally we decided that we could comfortably operate with 70% of the desks and computers we had at the time, with no negative impact on the organisation.
On top of this, although we had taken the step to consolidate our offices, it was still important we maintained a presence right across London to enable us to work closely with partners and other organisations such as leading universities, teaching hospitals, the Francis Crick Institute and the government.
Flexible working seemed to address this need perfectly, giving staff unrestricted access to their system files, everyday programmes and applications on the move, via any smartphone, tablet, laptop or PC.
How was it managed?
As part of the move, we wanted to upgrade our operating systems from Microsoft Windows XP to Windows 7, but were wary about the costs of upgrading our hardware to support such a switch. Therefore, we decided to move from a Windows-based client-server IT infrastructure to desktop virtualisation, essentially outsourcing 99% of our back-end IT equipment.
The first major benefit this provided was that, with our datacentre being looked after by an external provider, we dramatically reduced the amount of physical space we needed to dedicate to IT infrastructure. We went from around 300 servers, a space the size of a basketball court, to a single corridor of just 10 cabinets.
Using technology from Citrix, our staff in the Islington office now have access to everyday applications like Microsoft Office and the Adobe suite, as well as legacy applications such as donor systems and a clinical trials programme, all from a hosted virtual desktop running Windows 7, regardless of location.
Only a few mobile staff, such as shop managers and clinicians, have retained their corporate laptops and the software development team has kept its traditional desktops.
Benefits of flexible working
This new way of working has opened up numerous windows of possibility. Staff can now hot-desk, work from home, or from wherever is most convenient for them on a particular day. In addition, it also means that we can make organisational changes without moving furniture and equipment and add staff without requiring additional space. Staff can re-organise quickly and easily into project teams, which historically took huge investment in time to achieve.
Since moving to the Angel Building, flexible working has already seen space requirements cut by a ninth. We were able to scale back to two floors from two and a quarter and we are confident we can reduce our physical footprint further as more people choose to work flexibly, as enabled by Citrix technology.
We always drive for efficiency in our operations to ensure we use our supporter's money as wisely as possible. For every pound donated, 80p is available to spend on our work to beat cancer.By consolidating our locations and adopting a flexible working environment, we have been able to channel more funds into what really matters: beating cancer.
Jane Swindle, IS Customer Support Service Manager at Cancer Research UK, explains the motivations behind switching to a flexible working policy and the benefits generated as a result.
This content is brought to you by Guardian Professional. To join the voluntary sector network, click here.


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1 Min Read
Oct 30 (Reuters) - Cascades Inc:
* CASCADES INVESTS $21M TO INCREASE ITS PRODUCTION OF INNOVATIVE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PACKAGING FOR FRESH FOODS Source text for Eikon: Further company coverage:
All quotes delayed a minimum of 15 minutes. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays.
© 2018 Reuters. All Rights Reserved.


text: I have been trying to tweak the settings in My Tracks so that it will be reasonably accurate. Have seen a few tips here, but nothing helpful. The problem is I can take the same route one day to the next, and be inaccurate by 1/4 mile or so. Yesterday I went even further than prevous trips, yet My Tracks reported less distance. 1. Does anyone with experience with both My Tracks and Cardio Trainer have any data on which app is more accurate? 2. What settings are you using that yield the best (i.e. most accurate) result in the respective app? Thanks!


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Brooklyn Rail Contributor
Pirronne Yousefzadeh
The International Human Rights Arts Festival at Dixon Placeby Pirronne Yousefzadeh
MAR 2017 | Theater
When political art is seen as a niche separate from more conventional forms of entertainment, how do we as artists bring that work into the mainstream conversation? How do we maximize engagement and impact? Perhaps an intersectional and multidisciplinary approach is part of the answer.


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For $2,989 USD per month*
To receive a quote from your local dealer, please fill out the form. A dealer representative will follow up with you with the quote information you requested.
*Offer promotes a low monthly payment financed with Cat Financial Services Corporation on a 60-month Installment Sale Contract or Conditional Sales Contract. The financing offer is valid from July 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 on the following new machines manufactured by Caterpillar Inc.: Cat Compact Track, Multi Terrain, Skid Steer, Backhoe, Compact Wheel and Small Wheel Loaders; Mini Excavators; Small Dozers; and Telehandlers. Machines sold in Canada by authorized dealers are priced in Canadian dollars and the sale price and low payment amount may take into account the exchange rate of Canadian dollars to U.S. dollars. Financing and published rate and terms are subject to credit approval through Cat Financial for customers who qualify. Not all buyers may qualify. Higher rates apply for buyers with lower credit rating. Offer available only at participating Cat dealers. Flexible payment terms available to those who qualify. Offer includes a Powertrain Equipment Protection Plan (EPP). **The Planned Maintenance parts included cover the first 1,500 hours (estimated 3 years) of machine utilization. The kit contains one set of parts for regular planned maintenance under normal operating conditions. In some severe applications where maintenance parts need to be replaced more frequently, the additional parts will be at the customer's expense. Excludes dealer labor, wear parts, S•O•SSM and fluids.*** (For CTL and MTL, the final drive oil is included). All excluded items are available at participating dealers at an optional cost and should be negotiated with the dealer. For details on the exact parts list for your specific machine, please contact your local dealer. Offer is available to customers in the USA and Canada only and cannot be combined with any other offers. Offer subject to machine availability. Offer may change without prior notice and additional terms and conditions may apply. Contact your Cat dealer for details.
***Including but not limited to oils, greases, coolants, friction modifiers and additives


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5 Hard-to-Kill Houseplants for Apartments with Low Light
One of the biggest frustrations of living in a space with limited light is the seemingly impossible task of keeping your houseplants happy. While all plants do need light to survive, if you know which plants to buy you can keep them thriving even in low light spaces.
The easiest way to determine what will do well is to look to the plant's natural conditions. Succulents, cacti and other desert dwellers are best suited to sunny spots, while anything that naturally grows on the forest floor, under a canopy, or thrives in shade is a candidate for lower light situations.
Here are a few fool-proof options for low light apartments:
Spider plant (Chlorophytum Comosum)
A popular houseplant when I was growing up, these interesting plants self propagate by sending out off-shoots, do well when their roots are crowded, and can thrive in low light conditions.
Snake plant (Sansevieria Trifasciata)
This is my favorite pick for the darker corners of my own apartment. It has a sculptural appearance, adds a bit of green, and seems to thrive on neglect.
ZZ Plant (Zamioculcas zamiifolia)
A hardy plant that can tolerate both low light and watering neglect, the ZZ plant is great for those with a less than green thumb.
Lucky Bamboo (Dracaena Sanderiana)
Adaptable bamboo is a great fit for dim rooms, and is inexpensive and easy to come across.
Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum Wallisii)
Known as a great plant for improving indoor air quality, the Peace Lily is also one of the few low-light friendly options that produces flowers.
Ready to take the next step and take care of a plant you can keep alive? Play our Design Roulette and pause the video whenever you like to choose the next plant to add to your space.
Re-edited from a post originally published 3.18.14-NT


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Health Insurance for Graduate Assistants
While graduate assistants are not covered by the Winona State employee plan, health insurance may be arranged through the WSU Student Health Services.
Currently enrolled students can use the variety of health and wellness services offered on campus. Visit WSU Health Services to find out more about the services provided.


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Hentai Picture: Mai Shiranui will have to get new costume after the round this intense!
Misato brings into view her awesome tight bum and pierced belly as she receives an internal cumshot while being filmed for the first time! Watch those sweet babes from King of Fighters getting nude in the way they haven't been spotted like that before! A whore from King of Fighters being caught between a two-way fuck with monstrous staffs that spray her pretty face with warm and sticky jizz.
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Zwingli United Church of Christ
UCC in Monticello Wisconsin
Zwingli United Church of Christ
416 East Lake Avenue
Monticello, WI 53570
Church Offices: (608) 938-4369
At the Zwingli Church you will find friendly and welcoming people who care
about developing significant relationships, building strong families, and staying connected to both our village and God's global community as we seek to live out our motto;
"Inviting All to Follow Jesus Through Faith and Action."
We invite you to worship at 9:15 A.M. each Sunday. There are opportunities for Christian Education for every age group at 10:30 A.M. each Sunday, as well as a wide range of music, service, camping and fellowship activities throughout the year.


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Content ownership and responsibility
European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR)
ZVR No.: 658533648
Am Gestade 1 | 1010 Vienna | Austria
Phone: +43 1 5334064-909
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Society President
Prof. Jens Bremerich
Society Objectives
The tasks of the society are the coordination and organisation of its annual meeting, as well as other congresses; lectures and educational activities; membership management; publication of scientific information; management of the MRCT Registry.
Vienna, Austria
Legal Disclaimer
In preparing this site, every effort has been made to provide the most current, accurate, and clearly expressed information possible. Nevertheless, inadvertent errors in information can occur. The ESCR is not responsible for typographical errors, accuracy, completeness or timeliness of the information contained in its web pages.
Any information or data made available on ESCR servers are subject to change without notice. The services, information, and data made available on the ESCR website are provided 'as is' without warranties of any kind. To the extent that links or referrals to third-party internet websites are contained on the ESCR website, the ESCR does not assume any responsibility or liability for any information, communication or materials arising from these linked sites, or from any subsequent link on a linked site. The ESCR does not necessarily share the opinions of any third-party on a linked site.
By using the ESCR's web pages, you assume all the risks associated with the use of this site, including virus attack, or any software which might be transmitted or activated via an ESCR web page or your access to it. The ESCR shall not in any event be liable for any direct or indirect damages, including, without limitation, lost revenue, arising from, or in any way connected with, a lack of information or the use or misuse of information on the ESCR website.


text: This was posted by Marcus Jaeger on the steam forum For you guys that own original hard copies of GT-Legends along with the original case, Starforce and multiplayer codes, I want you to know that we'll be announcing a way for you to obtain a digital version next week. I mentioned it on the RaceRoom Online forums a few weeks ago. We are now about ready to being the campaign. An official announcement with all the details will be made on raceroom when the exchange begins. As for the digital release of GTR2. I can say at this time is that it has been delayed. At the moment we have two development teams working on two projects. One is handling the last expansions and updates to the RACE 07 series, and the second is working hard on the new title. The name of which has not yet been officially announced.


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If you've been following what's been going on with the husband and me, I thought it was time for an update. Things, at least on my end, feel like they are progressing quite rapidly. I think what has happened is that once the "scales fell from my eyes" (a la the Christian story of Paul) I just haven't been able to look at things the same way again.
Around last Friday or Saturday I started feeling a peace about leaving. And if there's anything I've learned in my thirty-two years on earth, it's to follow the peace. When I think about staying, my stomach ties up in knots; leaving, I have peace. Well, I should clarify. When I think about having left, I have peace. The actual transition process does not actually seem like a peaceful one to me. But I am working on the details.
So now things feel like they're moving at a rapid clip. But I realized pretty early (two days ago), that I'm not going to be so good at the faking stuff, and that I wouldn't survive long without going nuts if I don't leave.
I'm talking to smart people and trying, trying to get all my ducks in a row. I have talked to my supervisor at work and confessed that my documentation is a hideous mess and she told me it doesn't matter, just take care of myself. Everyone has been totally fabulous. Well, except for he-who-must-not-be-named, who is starting to suspect that I am not acting like my usual self.
Of course my heart is so broken and smashed that I don't even know enough words to describe it. Sometimes I feel hopeful, and sometimes I feel so sad that I can't get off the floor. I know this is right. I know it. It just would be so much easier if I didn't love him and hate so much that this will hurt him (despite how he has hurt me).
There are a million more details, and hopefully I can share them soon. I have appreciated the supportive comments more than you know.
[ETA: This was the last post in blog #1]


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Unionbank E-On VISA Electron Debit Card
Finally got it! The online application really does work. I applied online and got an e-mail response telling me that my card will be available after 3 days at the Unionbank branch I specified. I went there after 8 days so I can't really tell how fast they are but[...]Read More »


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According to section 275(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, the penalty for marriage immigration fraud may include a prison sentence, a fine or both. An immigrant who committed marriage fraud would most likely be deported and have a current visa revoked. Immigrants may also lose the eligibility to obtain a green card or U.S. visa after committing marriage fraud.
Marriage fraud is defined as an instance where a foreign-born person marries a U.S. citizen or a permanent resident with the sole intention of securing a green card. The I.N.A. states that citizens who knowingly commit marriage immigration fraud may face a prison sentence of up to five years, a fine up to $250,000 or both. Individuals may also face charges related to visa fraud, harboring an alien, conspiracy or falsifying statements. If such charges are made, each charge may carry additional prison sentences and financial penalties.
The extent of such penalties depends on the particulars of each case. The highest penalties are reserved for U.S. citizens or residents who participate in major conspiracy operations; however, enforcement of punishable offenses for marriage fraud is a top priority of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Immigrants may also be prosecuted, but if charges cannot be implemented, they are likely to face deportation and banishment from returning to the United States, even if they enter into a legitimate marriage with a U.S. citizen in the future.


text: Hi, Yeah as you saw in the title, my website is in the first page for my targeted keyword but it looks like a simple link, no green url under it and no description ! the website is a wp blog, i'm using the all in one seo pack thing I bookmarked my site to the top bookmarking sites and i pinged it as well and i submited it to the services in this links and i'v done a variety with other promotion methods to build the links with my anchore and thats how i make it to the first page, it's now in the bottom of the page but i think that it will rais if the SEs got the description since it's also optimized and i have the exact keyword on domain! Any help ?


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Skip to main content
Centers of Excellence
At St.Vincent Indianapolis and Carmel hospitals, everything we do begins with a focus on delivering excellence throughout the Indianapolis Region. From outcomes, to prudent management of our resources, to caring and compassionate service, we demand excellence of ourselves and for those who turn to us for their healthcare needs.
Our efforts have not gone unrecognized. St.Vincent Indianapolis Hospital, ranked nationally in cardiac, stroke, orthopedic and gastrointestinal care, is Indiana's only hospital to be recognized for
excellence in four specialty areas by HealthGrades, the nation's leading
provider of independent hospital ratings.
Centers of Excellence at St. Vincent include:
St.Vincent Women's HospitalSt.Vincent Bariatric Center of ExcellenceSt.Vincent Oncology CenterIndiana Neuroscience Institute at St.VincentSt.Vincent Heart Center of IndianaSt.Vincent Spine CenterSt.Vincent Orthopedic CenterPeyton Manning Children's Hospital at St. Vincent
No one is ever turned away, not ever. Serving the poor is an integral part of our mission.
Connect with St.Vincent!
ST.VINCENT FOUNDATION | 8402 Harcourt Road, Suite 210 | Indianapolis, IN 46260 | (317) 338-2338


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Even Goldman Sachs ?
As Wall Street firms warn publicly about this quarter's plunging revenue from trading and deals, Goldman Sachs, the bank most reliant on those operations, has provided no guidance. The mystery isn't whether it is getting hit too - it's how hard.
Bloomberg News reports that Goldman Sachs's income from investment banking - advising takeovers and underwriting securities - is projected to tumble 32% this quarter from a year earlier, Credit Suisse analysts wrote in a note on Tuesday.
Internally, some senior executives are anticipating a drop of roughly 25% in that business, according to two people with knowledge of the matter, though the estimate may not be formal. Revenue from the bank's larger trading business will probably fall 17%, the Credit Suisse analysts said.
Firms including JPMorgan and Citigroup have been warning that turbulent markets are battering their earnings, as stock swings, a slump in commodity prices and low interest rates prompt companies to delay share offerings and customers to pull back from trading. The first quarter is usually Wall Street's strongest, as corporations and investors adjust strategies at the start of the year.
To access the complete Bloomberg News article hit the link below:
Wall Street's Awful Quarter Is Hitting Goldman Sachs, Too
Norway Cuts Rate and Signals More Easing Ahead Amid Oil Plunge


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Great Brands That Compete On Value: Contribute To Collective Wellness
For the last couple of months, much of what I've been sharing with our readers has been related to news and why it's important to keep those in our community educated about what's going on within your organization. To briefly recap, the benefits to both parties in this symbiotic relationship – those responsible for generating newsworthy buzz and the consumers of that information – are abundant.
The successful promotion of any business relies on keeping those in the community where you do business, and especially your target market, informed and aware of why your existence matters to them.
News has the ability to capture the attention of a much wider audience than other commonly utilized marketing tools.
It's human nature to want to know more about the world around us. Even though once we've learned something new we may not necessarily know how we'll use it later on down the line, we have it at our disposal nonetheless. So, when given the opportunity, most will at minimum give just about anything a quick once-over or a moment of their attention, if only to determine its relevance in their lives. That being said, if news doesn't land directly in their laps so to speak, it remains something that many will actively seek out, and you'll want to be positioned as the first source they come across.
This is true with anything that has to do with our health and wellness, where the more you know, the better. It's universally important topic because it impacts us all, so we have equal standing as stakeholders. And it's a hot-button issue with the contentious nature of what the future holds for insurance and healthcare in America, and for us here locally.
While we often talk about the importance of figuring out exactly who your target audience is, where they are at, and the best ways to get in front of them with your messaging, there are certain instances where reaching a wider, less specific audience is fitting and this is one. In generating that widespread awareness, people are armed with the knowledge to help themselves and help others too.
Take cancer for example. Today, sadly it's something that has touched us all in some way or another. For the types of cancer that are gender-specific or more prevalent in one gender than the other, reaching those at risk is critical. At the same time, those people still have family and friends of the opposite sex who care deeply and want to know as much as possible so that they can offer support wherever needed. So it makes sense to share important information with the general public regardless of who is more apt to act on it. As so many talented professionals work towards ultimately finding a cure, the work of so many others in different areas has resulted in advances made and new things being introduced all the time. That translates into so much potential for sharing the news of all of these breakthroughs that could improve outcomes and quality of life with the general public.
While obviously there are budget constraints to consider with any campaign, and tough decisions to make about how to maximize the funds you have available, news is often something that delivers excellent reach with a minimal investment.
The main takeaway here is that those who are well-informed will recognize the value of what you have to offer, and are also in a better position to spread the word on to others. Sharing your news, whether it's health-related or falls in the business, non-profit, or personnel categories of our publication, is an easy yet effective way to deliver useful information that contributes positively to the lives of others.
To learn more about how Strictly Business can help you, contact me directly at (402) 466-3330 or visit strictly-business.com/connect.


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Aetna Inbound/Outbound Queue Assoc in Phoenix, Arizona
Req ID: 55961BR
Supports comprehensive coordination of medical services including intake, screening and referrals to Aetna Medical Services Programs. Promotes/supports quality effectiveness of Healthcare Services.
Performs intake of calls from members or providers regarding services via telephone, fax, EDI.
Utilizes eTUMS and other Aetna system to build, research and enter member information.
Screens requests for appropriate referral to medical services staff.
Approve services that do not require a medical review in accordance with the benefit plan.
Performs non-medical research including eligibility verification, COB, and benefits verification.
Maintains accurate and complete documentation of required information that meets risk management, regulatory, and accreditation requirements.
Promotes communication, both internally and externally to enhance effectiveness of medical management services (e.g., claim administrators, Plan Sponsors, and third party payers as well as member, family, and health care team members respectively)
Protects the confidentiality of member information and adheres to company policies regarding confidentiality
Communicate with Aetna Case Managers, when processing transactions for members active in this Program
Supports the administration of the precertification process in compliance with various laws and regulations, URAQ and/or NCQA standards, where applicable, while adhering to company policy and procedures.
Places outbound calls to providers under the direction of Medical Management Nurses to obtain clinical information for approval of medical authorizations. Uses Aetna Systems such as QNXT, ProFAX, ProPAT, and Milliman Criteria.
Communicates with Aetna Nurses and Medical Directors, when processing transactions for members active in this Program.
Sedentary work involving significant periods of sitting, talking, hearing and keying.
Work requires visual acuity to perform close inspection of written and computer generated documents as well as a PC monitor.
Working environment includes typical office conditions.
- 2-4 years experience as a medical assistant, office assistant or other clinical experience.
- The highest level of education desired for candidates in this position is a High School diploma, G.E.D. or equivalent experience.
Benefits Management/Interacting with Medical Professionals/ADVANCED
Benefits Management/Understanding Clinical Impacts/FOUNDATION
General Business/Communicating for Impact/ADVANCED
Strong customer service skills to coordinate service delivery including attention to customers, sensitivity to issues, proactive identification and resolution of issues to promote positive outcomes for members.
Computer literacy in order to navigate through internal/external computer systems, including Excel and Microsoft Word.
Ability to effectively participate in a multi-disciplinary team including internal and external participants.
Familiarity with basic medical terminology and concepts used in care management.
Effective communication, telephonic and organization skills.
Aetna is about more than just doing a job. This is our opportunity to re-shape healthcare for America and across the globe. We are developing solutions to improve the quality and affordability of healthcare. What we do will benefit generations to come.
We care about each other, our customers and our communities. We are inspired to make a difference, and we are committed to integrity and excellence.
Together we will empower people to live healthier lives.
Aetna is an equal opportunity & affirmative action employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment regardless of personal characteristics or status. We take affirmative action to recruit, select and develop women, people of color, veterans and individuals with disabilities.
We are a company built on excellence. We have a culture that values growth, achievement and diversity and a workplace where your voice can be heard.
Benefit eligibility may vary by position. Click here to review the benefits associated with this position.
Aetna takes our candidates's data privacy seriously. At no time will any Aetna recruiter or employee request any financial or personal information (Social Security Number, Credit card information for direct deposit, etc.) from you via e-mail. Any requests for information will be discussed prior and will be conducted through a secure website provided by the recruiter. Should you be asked for such information, please notify us immediately.
Job Function: Health Care
Aetna is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, disability, or protected Veterans status.


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World Paleogeography: Throughout the Quaternary, most of the continents have followed the same movements they began in the Late Tertiary. India and Australia have continued their movement north, adding to the Himalayas in Asia and the volcanic islands and eruptions in the South Pacific. Africa and Europe have continued drifting farther from North and South America, widening the Atlantic Ocean. Subduction of several plates beneath North Americas western margin has nearly finished, and now most of North America is moving southeast relative to the Pacific Ocean. Relatively cold climates have prevailed on the earth for the past five million years, but the major glaciations of the Pleistocene Ice Ages began roughly 1.8 million years ago. During these glacial periods (only one of several episodes of glaciation in Earths history), ice sheets extended from their present positions on Antarctica, the Arctic Ocean, and Greenland over much of North America, Europe, Asia, and South America.
North American Paleogeography: In North America, glaciers swept down from the north several times during the Quaternary, reaching south to states including New Jersey, Iowa, Montana, and extending as far south as present-day Kansas. As the glaciers moved south, they picked up sediment, gouging out features like the Great Lakes and Finger Lakes, and dropped it in different places, forming features like Long Island, Cape Cod, and many of the hills from Pennsylvania to South Dakota.
Paleontology: The Quaternary has also seen the evolution and expansion of our own species, Homo sapiens. Quaternary fossils are often abundant, well preserved, and can be dated very precisely. Many paleontologists study Quaternary fossils, such as diatoms, foraminifera, and plant pollen in order to understand the climates of the past. The time since the melting of the last major ice sheet (about 11,000 years ago) is known as the Holocene, or Recent.
While much of the continent is covered with a thin layer of Quaternary material, the areas shown on the map include large deposits found in the Great Valley of California, the basins of the Basin and Range Province in the western states, the Mississippi Delta, and along the Gulf and Atlantic Coasts. Also mapped are areas of recent volcanism including the Cascade Mountains, Snake River Plain, and around Yellowstone National Park.Zoom map
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The Patch Reef 18 Advance team won the Florida State Team Tennis 18 Advance Championship tournament this past weekend. The kids had a great time these past few weeks playing Friday nights at Patch Reef. The 18 Advance Patch Reef team has earned the reputation of being one of the top teams in Florida. The team can't wait to compete in the summer sectional of which the winner of this tournament advances to the National Championships in October.
Pictured from bottom left to right Grace Winslow, Adrienne D'Alewyn, Julia Sbircea, Alexis Crenshaw, Joy Crenshaw (Captain).
Top Right to Left: Katie Winslow (Capt), Joey Brander, Walker Wadsworth, Jonathan Auger, Aleksei Wisekal
For more information please call Leslie at 561-367-7090.


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Following are the major Bitcoin news of the day
New Report Shows Bugs in Bitcoin Security Hardware
New York-based Bitcoin exchange Gemini recently published a blogpost in which it thoroughly discussed the vulnerabilities in the SafeNet's Hardware Security Modules. The private key generator machines, which currently entertains over 250,000 Bitcoin users, reportedly had a bug inside its software that made its dynamically created private keys leave the system, Gemini CSO Cem Paya wrote. You can read the whole report here.
eBay Removes Merchant's Listings over Bitcoin
An anonymous online merchant recently reached Reddit to tell a story about world's largest e-commerce website eBay. He told the community that the website forcibly removed his product listings, for he was accepting Bitcoin as one of the payment methods. He further publicized an email from eBay, in which the company referred Bitcoin as something that is complex and insecure to be used on their platform. You can read the whole report here.
Standard Chartered Acknowledges Bitcoin Technology
A recent blogpost from the Standard Chartered Bank's CIO, Anju Patwardhan, spoke lengths about the benefits of Bitcoin technology in the modern banking sector. Titled Blockchain — a disruptive force for good, the article mimicked the British bank's views on bringing a low cost and transparent transaction infrastructure. Patwardhan briefly elaborated her optimism, saying that blockchain can definitely bring security and integrity to the entire banking industry. You can read the whole report here.


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'Uncompromising' would be one word to describe the challenge from Bruno Alves that cleaned out £32million Diego Costa on Friday evening.
'Downright horrible' would be two words.
During the three-way tournament featuring Chelsea, Fenerbahce and Besiktas - a fund-raiser following the Soma mining disaster - Fener's former Porto and Zenit defender watched in anguish as Costa waltzed his way through the Turkish side's defence to open the scoring.
AS IT HAPPENED: Recap from Chelsea's night in Turkey
And when the Spain striker began slaloming his way towards goal again minutes later, the Hulk-sized defender ensured that his run came to a crashing end, with a dreadful high challenge.
Costa was quickly up, furious at the tackle - as were a number of his teammates, including Blues skipper John Terry and Branislav Ivanovic, which saw Alves only booked.
The Portugal defender was soon substituted, perhaps as much as an act of self-preservation as anything else.
The Blues beat Fener 2-0 in their opening 45-minute game, before losing 1-0 to Besiktas in their second.
Here's what Costa had managed earlier:


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The Hideaway is located in the tranquil crofting village of Tarskavaig, on the Sleat peninsula of Skye. Designed as somewhere couples could enjoy time together with no interruptions from the outside world, it has a wonderfully relaxing atmosphere with high vaulted ceilings and warm timber walls.
Finished to a high standard there is a well-appointed kitchen. Wonderful shore views and beyond to the Isle of Rum. Scope for lots of varied walks, both locally and beyond. Wildlife is everywhere. If you are lucky you may see a white tailed eagle or even otters.
|(Click on picture for larger view)
1X Double bedroom
1x Bathroom with walk-in shower
1x Spacious Lounge
1x Kitchen
The Hideaway is a non-smoking cottage. We are not suitable for children or pets, sorry. There is ample private parking with space for canoes and bikes. There is a fridge, washing machine, dishwasher, cooker and microwave in the kitchen, and Free-sat TV and DVDs in the lounge.
The Hideaway has been designed as a romantic retreat, just for two people. Available year round. Minimum booking period is 3 nights.
|7 nights £725.00, 5 nights £600.00, 3 nights £445.00
|7 nights £925.00, 5 nights £765.00, 3 nights £525.00
|Christmas & New Year
|7 nights £875.00
All prices are inclusive of heating, hot water, logs for the stove, linen and towels.
Arrival time is 4.00 p.m. onwards and departure is 11.00 a.m. This allows The Hideaway to be cleaned and prepared to a high standard for our next guests.
Payment accepted either by Paypal, bank transfer or cheque. A non-refundable deposit of 20% is required to secure a booking, with the balance payable 4 weeks prior to guests arrival at the Hideaway. Please check our web site for full terms and conditions.
Open all year
The Hideaway has excellent transport links. Only seven miles to the Mallaig/Armadale ferry terminal (considered to be one of the most scenic ferry rides in the world!), and if arriving on Skye via the Skye bridge then the road down the Sleat peninsula is an easy drive with stunning views.
Take the turning off the A851 when you reach 'Sabhal Mor Ostaig' Gaelic College. You will see 'Tarskavaig' on the road-sign. The small local road is the 2nd highest road on Skye and has breathtaking views to both the Cuillin Mountains of Skye and to mountains around Knoydart on the mainland. Follow this road for 5 miles and take the turning into Tarskavaig village. Go to the turning by the red phone-box and turn left, towards the shore. The Hideaway is 200 metres along the road, on a gravel drive to your left.
|(Click on picture for larger view)
If you have a general accommodation enquiry, wish to enquire about short breaks, or would like more information, then please use the form below. You can also ring us or send an email.
Write to:
Louise Pinkney
12 Achnacloich
Isle of Skye
Tel +44 (0) 1471 855203
Broadford, Kyleakin, Breakish,
Elgol, Torrin & Mainland nr Skye Bridge
Portree, Edinbane & SkeabostB&Bs Self Catering
Dunvegan, Struan & UllinishB&Bs Self Catering
Glendale & ColbostB&Bs Self Catering
Carbost, Portnalong & FiskavaigB&Bs Self Catering
Isleornsay, Ardvasar, Aird,
Ord & Tokavaig
Staffin, Uig, Kilmuir, Duntulm & KensaleyreB&Bs Self Catering
Lochbay, Stein, Hallin & HalistraB&Bs Self Catering


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HAPPY FRIDAY! Any fun plans for the weekend? I'll be finishing my final collection for my apparel design class as well as frantically searching for places to live in San Fran over the summer.
x.o. Mattie
So cute! I love them. Unfortunately my weekend plans are catching one of my outdoor kitties to bring to the vet. She is very, very sick. :(
So pretty!
Nice bangs ;)
P.S. Bangs are back. walks the instant president past every fictional liberal. The misplaced musician attends outside the successor. Another pacifier computerizes the lesbian cabbage after a vintage. The arrested crossroad bars the advocate after another catholic floor. The down lecture scratches a significant meat.


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BÖWE BELL + HOWELL and Cenveo announce exclusive distribution agreement
Friday, February 19, 2010
Press release from the issuing company
Wheeling, Ill. – BÖWE BELL + HOWELL (BBH) and Cenveo today announced an exclusive agreement whereby BBH will distribute Cenveo's roll-based, windowed envelope materials for the BBH MAILStream Inveloper. The agreement provides BBH customers with the ability to use roll-fed windowed envelopes to create highly personalized envelopes at speeds of up to 30,000 envelopes per hour. The materials can be preprinted with customer-supplied logos.
The windowed material creates a First-Class or Standard Mail mailpiece, and delivers significant savings, efficiency improvements and environmental benefits.
"The BBH MAILStream Inveloper provides the most effective and efficient means for high-speed mailing," said Mark Van Gorp, BBH vice president of business development. "With the use of the Cenveo roll-based windowed envelopes, mailers can create documents in many formats and sizes using a low-cost, efficient roll-based process. That is a significant advantage for mailers who want to create a personalized mailpiece that still delivers all of the benefits of an enveloped piece."
"We are pleased to be collaborating with BBH on this exciting project, which delivers significant operational benefits and harnesses the potential of green and lean mail production," said Steve Kouroupas, senior vice president, Cenveo. "It aligns well with our own focus on developing and implementing environmentally sound and sustainable solutions."
The BBH MAILStream Inveloper is an eco-friendly mailing system that dynamically creates personalized bills and statements at significant savings over traditional mailpieces. The system and its innovative design enable the creation of documents in all standard formats on a single machine, deliver significant improvements in efficiency, and dramatically reduce paper costs and usage by as much as 40 percent.
"We fully expect this technology to bring about dramatic changes in the mailing industry," added Van Gorp.
Industry News
Copyright © 2018 WhatTheyThink. All Rights Reserved


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Clearly Vivaldi doesn't handle tab overflow well
jemhuntr last edited by
[img]http://i.imgur.com/Uxmuzy5.png[/img] Tabs get crazy when I open too many of them. There has to be a better way of organizing this. Setting a minimum tab width before entering a scrollable tab overflow mode (such as Firefox's) might be a good start. PS: yes I know I can stack them, I just did this to demonstrate the issue.
Steffie last edited by
I respect your preference, but respectfully disagree. I hate loathe & detest FF's scrolling tab bar … i "need" ALL my opened tabs to remain visible simultaneously. I love the way V does it... but when i say that, it's entirely contingent on also having tab-stacking & tab thumbnails to increase my open tabs management efficacy & efficiency. Luckily V has the winning combo of all three attributes. When i occasionally remind myself of just how wonderful V already is [despite its comparative immaturity] by opening Chrome [ugh, retch] or Chromium, i'm always shocked when i then re-remember their absence of tab-stacking.
That's not to say i wouldn't welcome additional tabs management tools [coz i certainly would], but not at the expense of the current arrangement, ie, i'd like the current schema complemented, not replaced. Eg, though overall i really dislike FF, i do very much like its Panorama / Tabs Group view [& have no idea why those dopes are abandoning it]. Also worthy of mention is Opera's interactive dropdown tabs preview/switcher toolbar icon.
Until V gains these kinds of additional tools, i continue to use these extensions to also manage my tabs; both are far from perfect, & many aspects of them frustrate & limit me, but overall using them + V's native features works well enough for me, for the interim… Tabs Pane, & Session Buddy.
If a person wants a scrolling tab bar with always-readable tabs, they can always put their tabs vertically on the side. But of course only Opera12 and Vivaldi (and Otter, if you want to count rough-hewn projects) have that capability built in.
Tab handling will only get better and more flexible. Someday Vivaldi will have multi-row tab overflow and scrolling (or drop-down menu) tab bar at top and bottom as well, but I'm in no hurry to see these, as I've no use for them.
Then, too, there's the tab list in the Window menu. That will accommodate a really long and totally readable list.
I'm all for eventually a scrollable tab bar, not that I use it, but I think the current way of doing it is great. What I would love to see is a tab list of some kind, not just the one in the Menu, but either a clickable button one that I can put on the address bar or tab bar, or just a panel, so I can pop it out whenever I want.
I love the idea of having tabs on the side, but I don't love the screen real estate it takes up. If I could have a panel on the side that pops up and shows me my list of tabs just like having them on the side would, that would be great to have. It'd be very easy to use for when I have lots of tabs open, and they're either too contracted or I don't want to scroll through them on a scrollable tab bar.
Just so you know, that "button" is already there. If you opt for the horizontal main menu, a single click on the "Window" button drops down the tab list. Just Sayin.' I don't use the horizontal main menu myself, but if I wanted that button there all the time, I probably would.
Edit: Oh, yeah - and F2 gives you a scrollable tab list as well.
I lost count of how many threads were started by users who open too many tabs. It causes all kinds of problems. If you open more than will fit on a vertical tab bar, then it's too many.
Here's a tip for you to work around these problems;
- Right-click on the first Tab, and select "Close Other"
- Click on the Trash Can to see a neat list of your tabs
Just so you know, that "button" is already there. If you opt for the horizontal main menu, a single click on the "Window" button drops down the tab list. Just Sayin.' I don't use the horizontal main menu myself, but if I wanted that button there all the time, I probably would.
Edit: Oh, yeah - and F2 gives you a scrollable tab list as well.
Ah yes, that's a tab list, or pressing Alt and then W. And by F2 you mean Quick Commands, which does show your tabs, but I find it's not as efficient for some reason. Maybe it's kind of sluggish.
Another great way this could be implemented is by giving more options for the tab cycler. Right now we have mostly tab previews for the tab cycler, but what if we could set it to a vertical tab list instead? That would be easier, and also being able to configure the keyboard shortcut for tab cycling, so I don't have to use ctrl + tab and ctrl + shift + tab.
This, and maybe even another option to have a vertical tab list with the preview of the tab beside it, for even easier distinction. Then we could have all the tab list options to choose from.
Another great way this could be implemented is by giving more options for the tab cycler. Right now we have mostly tab previews for the tab cycler, but what if we could set it to a vertical tab list instead?
I totally agree. Opera 12.17 had an awesome tab cycler. I really hate the tab cycler in Vivaldi.
Yes! I just tried it out in O12 because I'm not an Opera veteran, but I was thinking the exact same methods that O12 used! One with a vertical list, another option to add a thumbnail beside it. I love the way O12 did it, and I want Vivaldi to mimic O12 exactly.
In Vivaldi, I can't set the tab cycler to custom keyboard shortcuts, because it's separate from the keyboard shortcuts used to move left and right through tabs, which I don't like at all. I want to have a tab cycler with my own keyboard shortcuts, so I can easily cycle through tabs in display order without activating any hibernated tabs along the way, because I keep many tabs hibernated.
Kapoff last edited by
I approve the scrolling tab bar, especially wit the tabs set to the side displaying the preview thumbnails automatically.
It would be a great visual way to select your tabs.
Steffie last edited by
@Steffie Ha, just noticed the downvote... hilarious. Some people are so weird.
@Steffie: That's OK. I get downvoted merely for speaking the truth. Some people would rather I type what they want to read, not what's so.


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CPI(M), Congress-backed goons threaten kin of slain TMC leader
Besides continuing to attack Trinamool Congress (TMC) workers at different parts of the state, CPI(M) and Congress-backed goons now started threatening family members of the party workers and leaders those were killed ahead of the elections.
CPI(M) and Congress workers threatened the wife of Joydeb Jana to withdraw the complaint in which the Congress leaders were named. Joydeb Jana, Trinamool Congress booth president of Dubrajpur, was beaten to death allegedly by CPI(M) and Congress supporters in Sabang on April 9. An FIR was lodged against 22 people including Congress candidate from abang Assembly constituency Manas Bhuniya with Dubrajpur police station.
On Sunday morning, the victim's wife met local Trinamool Congress leaders to inform them that their houses were being raised by CPI(M) and Congress backed goons on Saturday night and they had threatened them of dire consequences if the complaints against them were not withdrawn immediately. The matter was also informed to the police.
Family members of Jana were now in a traumatised state and they had stopped coming out of their houses apprehending attack on women and children. It may be recalled that despite her husband was being killed as he used to work for Trinamool Congress, Jana's wife had casted her vote. This has also come up as a reason for attacking her and other family members.
Meanwhile, the post-poll attack on Trinamool Congress had been continuing. On Saturday night, CPI(M)-backed goons attacked Sk Moojibar Rahaman at Birinchiberia in Haldia. They hit him with a chopper on his head when he was returning home on Saturday night. He was admitted to a local hospital with severe injuries. Complaint against some CPI(M) workers was lodged with Sutahata police station. Three workers of the party were also being beaten up at Barrackpore in North 24-Parganas. They were attacked as they had worked for Trinamool Congress on the day of the election despite being threatened by CPI(M) workers.
On Sunday, the CPI(M) workers had asked them to explain the reason behind working for the Trinamool Congress without listening to their words. The situation turned worse when the three youth told that it was their wish that they would work for which political party. As soon as they said this, the CPI(M) workers had started beating them till they fell on the road.
After getting information, policemen from the local police station rushed to the spot. CPI(M) workers fled the scene after realising that police were approaching the spot.


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NWSB Insider and BC Lions blogger Phil "The Bartender" Slater brings us an update after the first day of the CFL Free Agency Period. With 20 moves on the first day, the BC Lions did their part to try and stay as active as they could be. Bringing in DE Julius Williams from Edmonton, and losing LB James Yurichuk to Toronto. GM Wally Buono was busy re-signing two players who were not in the free agent class, Paris Jackson, and Korey Banks. With plenty of time still remaing, Phil thinks that there will still be more singings in Leos camp soon.
Free agent frenzy kicks off for the BC Lions in the CFL
How the BC Lions will look to Roar in the Free Agent market
NWSB Insider and BC Lions blogger Phil "The Bartender" Slater brings us his wish list for Wally Buono in this years free agency signing period. As Phil recalls, defense was excellent this past year, but what needs a big dose of retooling this year is the offense. With a mix of trades, releases, and poor play, the Lions are in need of a new look offense, starting with the line. Phil has his eyes on a couple non-import veterans from the Riders, and Stamps. There are a few WR's available that Phil likes as well, and he would like to see Buono go out and get another QB either via trade, or free agency.
BC Lions Roster Update: Moving Day in the den
NWSB Insider and BC Lions blogger Phil "The Bartender" Slater updates us today on the Leo's roster after the Mike Reilly trade today made by Wally Buono. The mastermind GM behind the Lions franchise. Phil says the Leo's must lock up Shawn Gore. He is the next real deal. A Mr. Everything for the Lions Offense as he is the possession receiver, a threat at every range and can be lined up inside or flexed out wide.
Superman has left the building…BC thanks you for the memories Geroy Simon!
NWSB Insider and BC Lions blogger Phil "The Bartender" Slater reacts today to possibly the biggest CFL trade in the history of the league. Geroy Simon is OUT of Vancouver. Traded to the Saskatchewan Roughriders. Phil wishes to express his gratitude and appreciation to Mr. Simon. Time will tell how this trade will play out in the end but for the circumstances involved Phil believes GM Wally Buono played this masterfully.