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Efficient Analysis of Big Data Using Map Reduce Framework
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1 Efficient Analysis of Big Data Using Map Reduce Framework Dr. Siddaraju 1, Sowmya C L 2, Rashmi K 3, Rahul M 4 1 Professor & Head of Department of Computer Science & Engineering, 2,3,4 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology. Abstract-- Data now stream from daily life from phones and credit cards and televisions and computers; from the infrastructure of cities from sensor-equipped buildings, trains, buses, planes, bridges, and factories. The data flow so fast that the total accumulation of the past two years is now a zettabyte. This huge volume of data is known as big data. Big Data refers to technologies and initiatives that involve data that is too diverse, fast-changing or massive for conventional technologies, skills and infrastructure to address efficiently. Said differently, the volume, velocity or variety of data is too great. The volume of data with the speed it is generated makes it difficult for the current computing infrastructure to handle big data. To overcome this drawback, big data processing can be performed through a programming paradigm known as MapReduce. Typical, implementation of the mapreduce paradigm requires networked attached storage and parallel processing. Hadoop and HDFS by apache is widely used for storing and managing big data. In this research paper the authors suggest various methods for catering to the problems in hand through MapReduce framework over HDFS. MapReduce technique has been studied at in this paper which is needed for implementing Big Data analysis using HDFS. Keywords-- Big Data, Zettabyte, MapReduce, Hadoop, HDFS, apache. I. INTRODUCTION Big data is a popular term used to describe the exponential growth and availability of data, both structured and unstructured. Big data may be important to business and society as the Internet has become. Big Data is so large that it's difficult to process using traditional database and software techniques. More data may lead to more accurate analyses. More accurate analyses may lead to more confident decision making. And better decisions can mean greater operational efficiencies, cost reductions and reduced risk. Analyzing big data is one of the challenges for researchers system and academicians that needs special analyzing techniques. Big data analytics is the process of examining big data to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations and other useful information that can be used to make better decisions. Big data analytics refers to the process of collecting, organizing and analyzing large sets of data ("big data") to discover patterns and other useful information. Not only will big data analytics help you to understand the information contained within the data, but it will also help identify the data that is most important to the business and future business decisions. Big data analysts basically want the knowledge that comes from analyzing the data. HDFS, the Hadoop Distributed File System, is a distributed file system designed to run on commodity hardware. It is inspired by the Google File System. Hadoop[1] [2] is based on a simple data model, any data will fit. HDFS designed to hold very large amounts of data (terabytes or petabytes or even zettabytes), and provide high-throughput access to this information. Hadoop Map Reduce is a technique which analysis big data. MapReduce has recently emerged as a new paradigm for large-scale data analysis due to its high scalability, finegrained fault tolerance and easy programming model. The term MapReduce actually refers to two separate and distinct tasks map and reduce that Hadoop programs perform. 64 II. GOALS & CHALLENGES OF ANALYZING BIG DATA Two main goals of high-dimensional data analysis are to develop effective methods that can accurately predict the future observations and at the same time to gain insight into the relationship between the features and response for scientific purposes. Furthermore, due to large sample size, Big Data give rise to two additional goals: to understand heterogeneity and commonality across different subpopulations. In other words, Big Data give promises for: (i) exploring the hidden structures of each subpopulation of the data, which is traditionally not feasible and might even be treated as outliers when the sample size is small; (ii) extracting important common features across many subpopulations even when there are large individual variations.
2 Challenges: A. Meeting the need for speed In today s hypercompetitive business environment, companies not only have to find and analyze the relevant data they need, they must find it quickly. Visual-ization helps organizations perform analyses and make decisions much more rapidly, but the challenge is going through the sheer volumes of data and accessing the level of detail needed, all at a high speed. The challenge only grows as the degree of granularity increases. One possible solution is hardware. Some vendors are using increased memory and powerful parallel processing to crunch large volumes of data extremely quickly. Another method is putting data inmemory but using a grid computing approach, where many machines are used to solve a problem. Both approaches allow organizations to explore huge data volumes and gain business insights in near-real time. B. Understanding the data It takes a lot of understanding to get data in the right shape so that you can use visualization as part of data analysis. For example, if the data comes from social media content, you need to know who the user is in a general sense. One solution to this challenge is to have the proper domain expertise in place. Make sure the people analyzing the data have a deep understanding of where the data comes from, what audience will be consuming the data and how that audience will interpret the information. C. Addressing data quality Even if you can find and analyze data quickly and put it in the proper context for the audience that will be consuming the information, the value of data for decisionmaking purposes will be jeopardized if the data is not accurate or timely. This is a challenge with any data analysis, but when considering the volumes of information involved in big data projects, it becomes even more pronounced. Again, data visualization will only prove to be a valuable tool if the data quality is assured. It s always best to have a pro-active method to address data quality issues so problems won t arise later. D. Displaying meaningful results Plotting points on a graph for analysis becomes difficult when dealing with extremely large amounts of information or a variety of categories of information. For example, imagine you have 10 billion rows of retail SKU data that you re trying to compare. The user trying to view 10 billion plots on the screen will have a hard time seeing so many data points. One way to resolve this is to cluster data into a higherlevel view where smaller groups of data become visible. By grouping the data together, or binning, you can more effectively visualize the data. E. Dealing with outliers The graphical representations of data made possible by visualization can communicate trends and outliers much faster than tables containing numbers and text. Users can easily spot issues that need attention simply by glancing at a chart. Outliers typically represent about 1 to 5 percent of data, but when you re working with massive amounts of data, viewing 1 to 5 percent of the data is rather difficult. How do you represent those points without getting into plotting issues? Possible solutions are to remove the outliers from the data (and therefore from the chart) or to create a separate chart for the outliers. III. APPLICATIONS Big Data have numerous other applications. Taking social network data analysis for example, massive amount of social network data are being produced by Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn and YouTube. These data reveal numerous individual s characteristics and have been exploited in various fields. In addition, the social media and Internet contain massive amount of information on the consumer preferences and confidences, leading economic indicators, business cycles, political attitudes, and the economic and social states of a society. It is anticipated that the social network data will continue to explode and be exploited for many new applications. Several other new applications that are becoming possible in the Big Data era include: A. Personalized services. With more personal data collected, commercial enterprises are able to provide personalized services adapt to individual preferences. For example, Target (a retailing company in the United States) is able to predict a customer s need by analyzing the collected transaction records. B. Internet security. When a network-based attack takes place, historical data on network traffic may allow us to efficiently identify the source and targets of the attack. C. Personalized medicine. More and more health related metrics such as individual s molecular characteristics, human activities, human habits and environmental factors are now available. Using these pieces of information, it is possible to diagnose an individual s disease and select individualized treatments. 65
3 D. Digital humanities. Nowadays many archives are being digitized. For example, Google has scanned millions of books and identified about every word in every one of those books. This produces massive amount of data and enables addressing topics in the humanities, such as mapping the transportation system in ancient Roman, visualizing the economic connections of ancient China, studying how natural languages evolve over time, or analyzing historical events. IV. HDFS HDFS[4], the Hadoop Distributed File System, is a distributed file system designed to hold very large amounts of data (petabytes or even zettabytes), and provide highthroughput access to this information. Files are stored in a redundant fashion across multiple machines to ensure their durability to failure and high availability to very parallel applications. In particular, it ensures Big Data s durability to failure and high availability to parallel applications. Figure 1 shows HDFS has a master/slave architecture. An HDFS[4] cluster consists of a single NameNode, a master server that manages the file system namespace and regulates access to files by clients. In addition, there are a number of DataNodes, usually one per node in the cluster, which manage storage attached to the nodes that they run on. HDFS exposes a file system namespace and allows user data to be stored in files. Internally, a file is split into one or more blocks and these blocks are stored in a set of DataNodes. The DataNodes are responsible for serving read and write requests from the file system s clients. The DataNodes also perform block creation, deletion, and replication upon instruction from the NameNode. HDFS is built using the Java language; any machine that supports Java can run the NameNode or the DataNode software. An HDFS cluster is comprised of a NameNode which manages the cluster metadata and DataNodes that store the data. Files and directories are represented on the NameNode by inodes. Inodes record attributes like permissions, modification and access times, or namespace and disk space quotas. The file content is split into large blocks (typically 128 megabytes), and each block of the file is independently replicated at multiple DataNodes. The blocks are stored on the local file system on the datanodes. The Namenode actively monitors the number of replicas of a block. When a replica of a block is lost due to a DataNode failure or disk failure, the NameNode creates another replica of the block. The NameNode maintains the namespace tree and the mapping of blocks to DataNodes, holding the entire namespace image in RAM. The NameNode does not directly send requests to DataNodes. It sends instructions to the DataNodes by replying to heartbeats sent by those DataNodes. The instructions include commands to: replicate blocks to other nodes, remove local block replicas, re-register and send an immediate block report, or shut down the node. V. BIG DATA ANALYTICS Big data analytics[5] refers to the process of collecting, organizing and analyzing large sets of data ("big data") to discover patterns and other useful information. Not only will big data analytics help you to understand the information contained within the data, but it will also help identify the data that is most important to the business and future business decisions. Big data analysts basically want the knowledge that comes from analyzing the data. Figure 1: HDFS architecture The NameNode executes file system namespace operations like opening, closing, and renaming files and directories. It also determines the mapping of blocks to DataNodes. 66 VI. MAPREDUCE MapReduce is a framework for efficiently processing the analysis of big data on a large number of servers. It was developed for the back end of Google s search engine to enable a large number of commodity servers to efficiently process the analysis of huge numbers of webpages collected from all over the world. Apache[8] [13] developed a project to implement MapReduce, which was published as open source software (OSS), this enabled many organizations, such as businesses and universities, to tackle big data analysis.
4 It was originally developed by Google and built on wellknown principles in parallel and distributed processing. Since then Map Reduce was extensively adopted for analyzing large data sets in its open source flavor Hadoop. Figure 2: MapReduce Master/slave MapReduce[14] is a simple programming model for processing huge data sets in parallel. MapReduce have master/slave architecture this is shown in figure 2. The basic notion of MapReduce is to divide a task into subtasks, handle the sub-tasks in parallel, and aggregate the results of the subtasks to form the final output. Programs written in MapReduce are automatically parallelized: programmers do not need to be concerned about the implementation details of parallel processing. Instead, programmers write two functions: map and reduce. The map phase reads the input (in parallel) and distributes the data to the reducers. Auxiliary phases such as sorting, partitioning and combining values can also take place between the map and reduce phases. MapReduce programs are generally used to process large files. The input and output for the map and reduce functions are expressed in the form of key-value pairs. A Hadoop MapReduce program also has a component called the Driver. The driver is responsible for initializing the job with its configuration details, specifying the mapper and the reducer classes for the job, informing the Hadoop platform to execute the code on the specified input file(s) and controlling the location where the output files are placed. Figure 3: MapReduce architecture In most computation related to high data volumes, it is observed that two main phases are commonly used in most data processing components this is shown in above figure 3. Map Reduce created an abstraction phases of Map Reduce model called 'mappers' and 'reducers' (Original idea was inspired from programming languages such as Lisp). When it comes to processing large data sets, for each logical record in the input data it is often required to use a mapping function to create intermediate key value pairs. Then another phase called 'reduce' to be applied to the data that shares the same key, to derive the combined data appropriately. Mapper The mapper is applied to every input key-value pair to generate an arbitrary number of intermediate key-value pairs. The standard representation of this is as follows: map(inkey,invalue)->list(intermediatekey, intermediatevalue) The purpose of the map phase is to organize the data in preparation for the processing done in the reduce phase. The input to the map function is in the form of key-value pairs, even though the input to a MapReduce program is a file or file(s). By default, the value is a data record and the key is generally the offset of the data record from the beginning of the data file. The output consists of a collection of key-value pairs which are input for the reduce function. The content of the key-value pairs depends on the specific implementation. 67
5 For example, a common initial program implemented in MapReduce is to count words in a file. The input to the mapper is each line of the file, while the output from each mapper is a set of key-value pairs where one word is the key and the number 1 is the value. map: (k1, v1 ) [(k2, v2 )] the file_name and the file_content which is denoted by k1 and v1. So, with in the map function user may emit the any arbitrary key/value pair as denoted in the list [k2, v2]. To optimize the processing capacity of the map phase, MapReduce can run several identical mappers in parallel. Since every mapper is the same, they produce the same result as running one map function. Reducer The reducer is applied to all values associated with the same intermediate key to generate output key-value pairs. reduce(intermediatekey,list(intermediatevalue))-> list(outkey, outvalue) Each reduce function processes the intermediate values for a particular key generated by the map function and generates the output. Essentially there exists a one-one mapping between keys and reducers. Several reducers can run in parallel, since they are independent of one another. The number of reducers is decided by the user. By default, the number of reducers is 1. Since we have an intermediate 'group by' operation, the input to the reducer function is a key value pair where the key-k2 is the one which is emitted from mapper and a list of values [v2] with shares the same key. reduce: (k2, [v2 ]) [(k3, v3 )] VII. CONCLUSION As we have entered an era of Big Data, processing large volumes of data has never been greater. Through better Big Data analysis tools like Map Reduce over Hadoop and HDFS, guarantees faster advances in many scientific disciplines and improving the profitability and success of many enterprises. MapReduce has received a lot of attentions in many fields, including data mining, information retrieval, image retrieval, machine learning, and pattern recognition. However, as the amount of data that need to be processed grows, many data processing methods have become not suitable or limited. This paper exploits the MapReduce framework for efficient analysis of big data and for solving challenging data processing problems on large scale datasets in different domains. MapReduce provides a simple way to scale your application. It Effortlessly scale from a single machine to thousands, providing Fault tolerant & High performance. REFERENCES [1 ] Hadoop, PoweredbyHadoop, dby. [2 ] Hadoop Tutorial,YahooInc., [3 ] Apache: Apache Hadoop, [4 ] Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), [5 ] Jianqing Fan1, Fang Han and Han Liu, Challenges of Big Data analysis, National Science Review Advance Access published February, [6 ] Haddop MapReducehttp://hadooptutorial.wikispaces.com/MapReduce [7 ] Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). [8 ] Apache Hive, [9 ] Jens Dittrich JorgeArnulfo Quian eruiz, Efficient Big Data Processing in Hadoop MapReduce. [10 ] Changqing Ji, Yu Li, Wenming Qiu, Uchechukwu Awada, Keqiu Li, Big Data Processing in Cloud Computing Environments, 2012 International Symposium on Pervasive Systems, Algorithms and Networks. [11 ] Kyuseok Shim, MapReduce Algorithms for Big Data Analysis. [12 ] Jeffrey Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat, MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters. [13 ] Apache Giraph Project, [14 ] Guoping Wang and CheeYong Chan, MultiQuery Optimization in MapReduce Framework [15 ] VinayakBorkar, Michael J. Carey, Chen Li, Inside Big Data Management :Ogres, Onions, or Parfaits?, EDBT/ICDT 2012 Joint Conference Berlin, Germany,2012 ACM 2012, pp [16 ] OnurSavas, YalinSagduyu, Julia Deng, and Jason Li,Tactical Big Data Analytics: Challenges, Use Cases and Solutions, Big Data Analytics Workshop in conjunction with ACM Sigmetrics 2013,June 21, [17 ] GrzegorzMalewicz, Matthew H. Austern, Aart J. C. Bik, James C.Dehnert, Ilan Horn, NatyLeiser, and GrzegorzCzajkowski,Pregel: A System for Large-Scale Graph Processing, SIGMOD 10, June 6 11, 2010, pp
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Categories: Scalers & Curettes : Curettes
Gracey Curettes – 11/12 Gracey, Rigid, Double End, EagleLite™ Stainless Steel Handle - American Eagle Instruments
Gracey Curettes are designed to adapt to specific anatomical areas of the teeth for subgingival scaling and root planing.
- The blade angle allows easier insertion into the sulcus while minimizing soft tissue trauma
- Available with stainless steel or color resin handles

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Pre Colonial Ghana
The Republic of Ghana is named after the medieval West African Ghana Empire. The Empire became known in Europe and Arabia as the Ghana Empire by the title of its emperor, the Ghana. The Empire appears to have broken up following the 1076 conquest by the Almoravid General Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar.
A reduced kingdom continued to exist after Almoravid rule ended, and the Kingdom was later incorporated into subsequent Sahelian empires, such as the Mali Empire several centuries later. Geographically, the ancient Ghana Empire was approximately 500 miles (800 km) north and west of the modern state of Ghana, and controlled territories in the area of the Sénégal River and east towards the Niger rivers, in modern Senegal, Mauritania and Mali.
Ghana Revolution And Political History
Political highlights
1957 - independence, Nkrumah of CPP is PM
1960 - declared republic, one party system, presidential system
1966 - military overthrow of 1st republic
1969 - 2nd republic, Busia of PP is PM
1972 - military overthrow of 2nd republic
1978 - palace coup to restructure military government
1979 - junior officer uprising and military housecleaning
1979 - ushered third republic, Limann of PNP is President
1981 - overthrow of the constitutional PNP gov't by the PNDC military junta
1983 - Attempted overthrow of the PNDC junta by other junior army men
1992 - Rawlings of NDC is Dem elected as President
1996 - Rawlings of NDC is re-elected
2001 - Kuffour (NPP) is President
2005 - Kufuor begins second-term in office
2009 - John Evans Atta Mills (NDC) is President
2012 - John Dramani Mahama (NDC) is sworn in as President following death of President Mills
2013-John Dramani Mahama (NDC) is sworn as President after winning the 2012 general elections


text:
The stages of metastatic liver cancer involve stage IIIC and all stages of IV, according to the American Cancer Society. Metastasis means the cancer has spread from the liver to other parts of the body, notes the National Cancer Institute.
In stage IIIC, the liver cancer has spread to a nearby organ that is not the gallbladder or has begun to grow on the liver's outer membrane, explains the American Cancer Society. There is still no involvement of lymph nodes. In stage IVA, the cancer has spread into the patient's lymph nodes and possibly into blood vessels and nearby organs, though it has not spread to distant areas such as the brain. There can be more than one tumor, and tumors can be of any size.
In stage IVB, the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, including distant locations, says the American Cancer Society. It has not necessarily spread into local lymph nodes, however. Besides numbered stages, the American Joint Committee on Cancer also has a TNM system. T stands for the size and number of the tumors that began in the liver, N tells the doctor and patient how much it has or has not spread into nearby lymph nodes, and M describes whether the cancer has spread to distant areas in the body.


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WASHINGTON -- Senator Edward M. Kennedy will endorse Barack Obama for president tomorrow, breaking his year-long neutrality to send a powerful signal of where the legendary Massachusetts Democrat sees the party going -- and who he thinks is best to lead it.
Kennedy confidantes told the Globe today that the Bay State's senior senator will appear with Obama and Kennedy's niece, Caroline Kennedy, at a morning rally at American University in Washington tomorrow to announce his support.
That will be a potentially significant boost for Obama as he heads into a series of critical primaries on Super Tuesday, Feb. 5.
Kennedy believes Obama can ``transcend race'' and bring unity to the country, a Kennedy associate told the Globe. Kennedy was also impressed by Obama's deep involvement last year in the bipartisan effort to craft legislation on immigration reform, a politically touchy subject the other presidential candidates avoided, the associate said.
The coveted endorsement is a huge blow to New York Senator Hillary Clinton, who is both a senatorial colleague and a friend of the Kennedy family. In a campaign where Clinton has trumpeted her experience over Obama's call for hope and change, the endorsement by one of the most experienced and respected Democrats in the Senate is a particularly dramatic coup for Obama.
Obama's landslide win in South Carolina yesterday gives Obama and Clinton two wins each in the primary campaign, and puts the two senators in a fierce battle for delegates on Feb. 5, when 22 states will hold Democratic primaries and caucuses.
While polls show Clinton ahead in some large states, including her home state of New York and delegate-rich California, the Kennedy endorsement gives Obama a stamp of approval among key constituencies in the Democratic party that could make Super Tuesday more competitive.
Kennedy plans to campaign actively for Obama, an aide said, and will focus particularly among Hispanics and labor union members, who are important voting blocks in several Feb. 5 states, including California, New York, New Jersey, Arizona and New Mexico.
The Massachusetts senator was key in helping his colleague, Senator John F. Kerry, score a comeback win in Iowa in 2004, sending Kerry on a path to the nomination. Kennedy campaigned on his own and released several senior members of his staff to work for Kerry.


text: On 4/11/2010 11:45 PM, Tom Clark, K3IO wrote: > The Joint Space Operations Center at Vandenberg AFB has reported that > AO-51 will have a ~200 meter (i.e. 2 football fields) approach to > object #34890 at 08:51Z on April 13th. The Joint Space Command sent an update -- their latest prediction has reduced the 200 meter miss distance to ~135 meters 73, Tom


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High Strength Bolted Moment Connectionsby Richard T. Douty,
William McGuire,
Serial Information: Journal of the Structural Division, 1965, Vol. 91, Issue 2, Pg. 101-128
Document Type: Journal Paper
The performance and design of the more common types of high strength bolted moment connections are discussed. Experimental and analytical results are presented on: (1) T-stub web-to-beam flange connections, (2) T-stub flange-to-column connections, (3) assembled T-stub connections, and (4) end plate connections. Among the specific topics covered are: The ultimate resisting moment of a beam with bolt holes in both flanges and the circumstances under which prying forces develop between a tension T-stub or an end plate and its supporting column, and the magnitude of these prying forces. Elastic and plastic design of bolted moment connections are suggested.
Subject Headings: Flanges | Bolted connections | Moment (mechanics) | Plastic design | Plates | Elastoplasticity | Beams | Bolts
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text:
Google Webmaster Tools has announced the addition of "Labs" section which includes two new features for webmasters.
• Fetch as Googlebot &
• Malware details
It appears that Google is taking the 'Labs' route to introduce new features to a larger audience and thereby illicit more feedback and shorten the test phase. This also means that these features are not as robust as the others that are available in WMT and should be taken with a pinch of salt.
Fetch as Googlebot
Out of the two, 'Fetch as Googlebot' is of more interest to SEO professionals as it enables them to see what Googlebot sees. It is different to seeing the cached version of the webpage, which can be retrieved by using the "cache:www.xyz.com" query in Google search, and then clicking on "Text-only version".
It is also different from simply viewing the source code of the webpage because:
1. It shows HTTP header information which is not available if you simply view the source code. This information will allow you to check and test redirects implemented on a particular webpage.
2. It enables you to test if the server is returning any information differently then what it is supposed too.
3. It also enables you to find if the server returns a different page to Googlebot than that to the user. In order words, you will be able to determine if any "cloaking" has been done in the past or outside your knowledge.
All in all, this feature empowers webmasters to trouble shoot and test URLs specifically for cases related to Googlebot as it uses the same user-agent and IP range as Googlebot.
Malware details:
Previously, Google webmaster tools reported when a site was flagged for having malware. This feature takes it a bit further by providing snippet of codes that is/are considered to be malicious.
This will help you to quickly identify and eliminate any malicious code that has infected your website. It would thus reduce the probability of your website being flagged by Google as "This site may harm your computer" if your websites happens to be infected. You can read a detailed deliberation on this on Google Online Security Blog.
Both these features provide some much needed information along with ease of accessibility to webmasters and would certainly help us all in making informed decisions.
About Author – Kneoteric is a leading online marketing company providing SEO service, online marketing consultancy, PPC Services and link building service.


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Mobile World Congress 2012, held in Barcelona, was a fitness tracker haven. A number of devices were on show along with a vast range of fitness apps as the market for wearable tech starts to gain momentum.
Listed by many news sources as one of the top five trends at this year's Mobile World Congress, 'wearable tech' was everywhere in Barcelona.
Within that trend, a clear niche is being carved out by companies large and small. With big companies like Nike and Motorola entering the fray, mobile fitness trackers and apps are beginning to show up everywhere.
Devices on show in Barcelona included the Motorola MOTOACTV – a combined GPS tracker and MP3 player that sports an optional stereo headset that incorporates a clever heartbeat monitor. Jawbone were showing their ill-fated Up device while Nike used the event as an opportunity to show off their new Fuelband bracelet and announce an API to allow software developers to interact with the unit.
While the marketplace for these devices is still in its fledgling stage, with established devices such as the Fitbit Ultra doing great business, these new launches are sure to spice up the niche and bring some interesting developments across 2012 as each business fights to grab market share.


text:
Hasso Plattner, co-chairman and chief executive officer of SAP AG, admitted Thursday that he's scared of the software industry's two powerhouses, IBM Corp. and Microsoft Corp.
"Ten years ago, when asked which companies I saw as the competition, I said I was scared of Microsoft and IBM," Plattner told journalists and analysts attending a conference at the SAP customer conference and trade show Sapphire in Lisbon.
Both companies, Plattner said, have the financial and human resources to be a major threat to SAP, "which is a small company compared to them," he said.
Plattner said he isn't worried about Baan Co. NV, i2 Technologies Inc. or even Oracle Corp. "Yes, Oracle is a competitor but not a company we feel could kill us," he said.
But IBM and Microsoft are two companies that potentially could. "I've feared IBM all my life," Plattner said. "It's the second-best company I've ever worked for."
Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates once told him that Microsoft would never be a threat to SAP as long as the German software company "runs faster" than the U.S. software giant, Plattner said.
SAP now sees Microsoft as a competitor for business software and will "have to talk tougher," Plattner said. But SAP will continue to work closely with Microsoft at the operating system level. Customers expect SAP to offer its software for both Microsoft and non-Microsoft platforms, he said.


text: Since there's apparently a minimum post count required to have a signature and/or edit some profile fields, new members are regularly asking how they can get a signature and/or edit those profile fields. Suggestion 1: Change the display logic to use the same post count minimums. Result: People will be able to see the new shiny stuff once they can actually set their own. Intent: Avoid repetitive posts asking how to set something that can't yet be set. Suggestion 2: Enable the buttons for these settings regardless of post count. When member attempts to submit a change, reply with a helpful message explaining to the user why it can't be done yet. Result: Educates new members on the post count requirements. Intent: Avoid repetitive posts asking why user can't reach various settings. Suggestion 3: Remove post count minimums for enabling profile and signature settings. Result: Avoids pollution posts that are written purely to reach the minimum post count. Intent: Simpler forum with less wasted posts to inflate minimums, educate people on the minimums, etc.


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For those looking for a memorable Christmas gift that shows how much you care about the person, these fantastic examples of personalized branding are a good source of inspiration on how to make presents customized. Companies are finding ways to make customers feel special and unique, which explains why they're willing to offer customizable options for a variety of products.
There are many ways to add a little personal touch to presents. From engraving to customized packaging, enterprises offer buyers the possibility to alter designs to incorporate personal elements that will make customers feel closer to the brand and the product. For instance, there's name engraving for alcohol bottles and iPods, customizable Christmas paper and personalized board games, among others.
Check out these ideas on personalized branding to see how companies are finding ways to attract buyers; you might also find the perfect holiday present.
53 Personalized Branding Pieces
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Personalized iPhone Covers
Personalized Beer Labels
DIY Personalized Nike Sneakers
Crafty Colorful Business Cards
Charming Cardboard Branding


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Hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans will take to the streets today. The Maduro regime has failed spectacularly in its attempt to 'convince' the world that widespread protests that have rocked our country since Feb. 4 are the product of U.S. intervention, fascism and other such totally unsubstantiated nonsense. I remember having written a while ago that if the Cuban dictators could not impede the free flow of information in the prison island, Maduro stood no chance of succeeding at it. Despite the local media blackout, social media has roundly defeated all chavista attempts at censorship. But as the saying goes "it ain't over till the fat lady sings." And today, could just be the day, when the cries for help, peace, prosperity and democracy of millions of Venezuelans are channeled into a new freedom anthem. Today we shall hear a collective singing, and those of us fortunate enough to be heeding the call from the safe distance must assist in whichever way we can, be it by calling local media to raise the Venezuelan issue, talking to our representatives in Congress / government, and helping spread the news.
After a week of impromptu meetings at all levels in Washington, during which I pulled quite the cheeky trick of taking a selfie with The Dalai Lama after asking for help for Venezuela, I can say that there's tremendous interest by every single person I met to help solve our problems. That solutions passes, naturally, through Maduro, whose regime has done nothing, emphasis here, to placate the brutality of National Guards and paramilitary thugs against student protests. Maduro has to be called into account here. Venezuela is signatory to a number of international treaties enshrining basic human, civil and political rights principles. Those treaties are binding. Venezuela signed and ratified them in full exercise of its sovereignty, on its own volition, without pressure, coercion or imposition from any country. Those rights are also part of our Constitution, the one written by chavismo. At this hour, when many policy makers and officials around the world ponder what to do, it is worth reminding them that basic rights continue to be inalienable. Non negotiable. There's no room here for political and economic considerations, or ideological revisionism. It is not a right or left issue, nor a conservative or liberal one. This is a right or wrong issue. It just could not be more basic, and Maduro needs to be taken to account. As head of State, he is directly responsible for the deaths and suffering caused in the last few days. Sending untrained, armed-to-the-teeth brutes, and thuggish regime sympathizers to deal with peaceful protests is just unacceptable, I am convinced that every true democrat knows that.
As our glorious student movement stays out in the street, to be joined today by hundreds of thousands, I would like to ask for your attention. Today is a significant day in the road to recover a semblance of democracy in Venezuela. Maduro, ill advised and desperate as he is, could well be in a double-down-let's-wrap-this-thing-today mood. It is crucial, to those working the diplomatic lines today, to make him and his faction understand that a retreat with safety guarantees is always more appealing than jail. Ditto with Diosdado Cabello and his lot. They fear, naturally, the cost of not having power and the immunity that provides, and so amnesty must be part of the bargain. They are cornered and they know it, but let cool heads prevail at this time. Venezuela does not deserve another death, nor another day of mismanagement in the name of an utterly failed model.
Thanks in advance from a grateful Venezuelan.


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Integrated features of the e-Sword Bible study application include a text editor, a graphics and mapping function, a Bible version comparison tool, a Bible search engine and reference library, audio sermons and an interactive user guide. The application is available for Microsoft Windows and Apple iOS.
E-Sword's interface features a number of panels that can be hidden, resized, anchored as sidebars or used from the application's menu bar and tool bar at its top. This enables the application to perform multiple functions, sometimes simultaneously. For searching, users can anchor the books of the Bible as an index at the left or right of the interface, have a search engine open for looking up specific names or phrases, and have the corresponding scripture in multiple Bible versions and interpretations by Bible scholars all in view at the same time.
The graphics viewer features a visual factbook, historical images from the Bible, famous buildings, an extensive collection of maps by Rand McNally and more. Most items in the graphics editor include a verbal description of the image, its history and characteristics. The reference library is a comprehensive resource of Biblical history, geography and chronology. An interactive user guide helps users familiarize themselves with all of these elements.


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|Up a level
Voorsanger, Jessica (2002) TV Swansong. [Art/Design Item]
Weinmayr, Eva (2010) Broken telephone - stille post - Chinese whisper - Le Telephone Arabe. In: Internal Necessity. Sternberg Press, Bern, pp. 27-32. ISBN 9781934105054
Ball, Steven (2010) Personal electronics. [Art/Design Item]
White, David and Le Cornu, Alison (2011) Visitors and Residents: A new typology for online engagement. First Monday, 16 (9). ISSN 1396-0466
White, David and Chinn, Gary and Lawson, Cynthia and Roeschmann, Claudia, New School New York, UAL, Penn State (2016) "Mark, how did you know any thing before the Internet existed?". In: Designs on eLearning conference 2017, 21-22 September 2016, The New School, New York City.
Conran, Maia and Hill, Yannick and Taylor, Rachel Emily (2016) This Island, and its buildings, is our private paradise (web version). [Show/Exhibition]
White, David and Le Cornu, Alison (2017) Using 'Visitors and Residents' to visualise digital practices. First Monday, 22 (8). ISSN 1396-0466
Webb, Charlotte (2017) Noodle, Noodle, Cat: Extra-Subjective Agency in Web-based Art practice. PhD thesis, Chelsea College of Art and Design.
Meece, Stephanie and Robinson, Amy and Gramstadt, Marie-Therese (2017) Engaging Researchers With the World's First Scholarly Arts Repositories: Ten Years After the UK's Kultur Project. New Review of Academic Librarianship, 23 (2-3). pp. 209-232.


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SOCHI — Sarah Hendrickson thought her hopes of competing in the first women's ski jumping event at the Olympics were "crushed" when she severely injured her right knee nearly six months ago. Now she believes the surgery and compressed rehab necessary to get her ready for Sochi gives her an edge.
If not for the crash that tore her ACL, MCL and did bone damage, Hendrickson would have come here with lots of pressure as the reigning world champion. And pressure is not something the Utahn handles very well.
"I think having this injury has relieved a lot of the pressure for me," said Hendrickson, 19. "I'm kind of the underdog now. Where I was reigning world champion, now people have no idea what to expect. I don't want to say that as an excuse, but my goal was to make it to Sochi and I've already accomplished that. If I weren't to have this injury, I'd have tons of pressure on me."
The women's ski jump competition here Tuesday is sure to attract a lot of attention because of the long fight for women to be included. The International Ski Federation gave them their first world championships in 2009, which was won by American Lindsey Van.
The International Olympic Committee said their sport hadn't advanced enough for inclusion in the 2010 Vancouver Games, and the women sued the IOC unsuccessfully to include them. A year later the IOC approved the event for Sochi.
Hendrickson injured the knee Aug. 21 while jumping in Germany, had surgery a month later, spent six hours a day rehabbing it and returned to jumping a month ago. Despite that short time frame, she said she can be competitive here.
"You can't control how fast the ligaments heal, but the muscles around it are what are really important," Hendrickson said. "I'm actually stronger than I've ever been, so I'm really happy with how the training affected my body."
Ski jumping isn't as hard on knees as alpine racing, and she's grateful for that.
"Of course you need your knee, but you don't have the torque on the knee like you do with, say, a downhill skier," Hendrickson said. "You do use a lot of power on the takeoff. You have to trust that your knee is strong enough, and the muscles around it have strengthened after your injury.
"Of course there's impact in the landing, but it's not as intense as other sports such as freestyle skiing or alpine skiing."
The favorite here will be Japan's Sara Takanashi, 17, who broke Hendrickson's record for World Cup wins (13) and now has 19. Ski jumping is a popular sport in Japan, and Takanashi stands to become a national hero.
"She has tons of media pressure on her," Hendrickson said. "Every day she goes up to the hill and jumps just amazing. I struggle with the pressure and how that affects my skiing. She just brushes it off like it's no problem."
Hendrickson came through under pressure to win at the world championships last year, and she hopes to draw on that experience here.
"Where I struggled with nerves and the mental side of things in the past, showing up on one day and being best in the world is the best feeling in the world," Hendrickson said. "You were the strongest that day. You overcame the fear and the pressure and came out on top."


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SIR – If your report about retreats by the Government on several of its key policies (report, June 13) is correct, the Conservative Party will lose my vote at the next election. I am sure that I am not a lone voice in saying this. The leader of the majority party in the Coalition must stop pandering to the junior party. If this results in the collapse of the Coalition, so be it.
An early general election would provide a genuine Conservative administration, preferably under another leader. There may then be a real chance of reform of the bloated NHS, firm dealing with workshy benefit scroungers, reinstatement of defence capability and other necessary measures.
Kenneth Stern
London W2
SIR – The restive moaning minnies on the Conservative back benches should accept that the Lansley NHS reforms as originally drafted were a recipe for disaster. On the face of it, the pause on the Health and Social Care Bill, informed by the Future Forum listening exercise, has produced some essential life-saving surgery on the legislation.
If sincerely implemented, the modified reforms may prevent the NHS from flatlining under the weight of an unworkable GP-led commissioning system and ill-judged rush to the marketplace. The Conservative backbenchers seem to forget that this is a Coalition, not a majority government. This concession to the Lib Dems may well be a price worth paying to prevent another poll-tax-style debacle and electoral oblivion in 2015.
Anthony Rodriguez
Staines, Surrey
SIR – In the last general election, the Lib Dems came a long way to make it into third place. More recently, they were thrashed in local elections. In short, their policies have been comprehensively rejected by the British public. And yet we have Nick Clegg boasting that he has won a victory in forcing through his policies on NHS reform.
Maybe the Archbishop of Canterbury had a point about the Coalition pressing ahead with policies that we did not vote for.
Roger Earp
Sheffield, South Yorkshire
SIR – It would be wonderful if politicians and commentators listing the ageing population as one of the reasons for the need for NHS reform remembered that it is the taxes paid by these men and women that have funded the NHS since its inception. Four years after Clement Attlee launched the National Health Service on July 5, 1948, my taxes began to contribute to this wonderful social service.
It must surely be acknowledged that, having paid premiums for so long, taxpayers like me are entitled to be regarded as the founders of this enterprise, rather than a drain upon its resources.
Hugh Graham
Selsey, West Sussex
Collecting rubbish
SIR – The concept of fortnightly collections (leading article, June 13) is sound, provided that sturdy bins are provided.
The problem, to a large extent, is the amount of waste many people dispose of, and the way they do so.
In the mornings, I pass bins on which the lids cannot close because of the amount of waste. There are large plastic bottles, lids tightly screwed on, sticking out of the top. By just loosening the lid and squeezing the air out, people would dramatically reduce the volume of waste.
Robert Roalfe
Wilmslow, Cheshire
SIR – We own a three-bedroom house on the Costa del Sol. Our big communal bins are emptied every night, even on Sundays. The operatives who empty the bins stand on footplates at the back, ready to alight the moment their vehicle stops, so they come and go within seconds.
Our rates are 600 euros per year.
Derek Maddison
Great Waltham, Essex
Destination unknown
SIR – Why do some countries and some airlines muck about with place names when sending people around the world?
I just flew from Frankfurt to Nice, and was initially distressed to see no mention of my flight on the airport departure board.
True, Lufthansa was going to somewhere called Nizza, but how should I be expected to know that Nizza is German for Nice? Why can't they call it Nice, like the French? But, come to think of it, on what authority do the French name our capital city as Londres? We don't presume to call Paris something else just because we might find the word difficult to say properly, though it would be nice to see BA departure boards announcing the next flight to Paree.
There don't appear to be any standards about place names. But surely there is one simple rule that should be applied universally: we ought to call a place by the name that has been given to it by its inhabitants. After all, we've gone along with the shift from Peking to Beijing, and from Bombay to Mumbai. Why shouldn't we make the French call London by the name that virtually everyone else uses?
Ted Johns
Odiham, Hampshire
Some thrift
SIR – I'm not sure that wearing a coat twice in four years ("Kate, the Duchess of thrift", June 13) qualifies as thrifty.
Robert Pugh
Carmarthen, Dyfed
Convenient euphemism
SIR – Following on the correspondence about names for a WC (Letters, June 13), in Turkey it is referred to as "number 100". In public buildings, the door to the WC was marked "00", as in no numbers. At the turn of last century in Turkey, the polite language was French – hence the door with "00" was referred to as sans numéro, or no number. However, this re-penetrated the Turkish language as number 100, because, Turks translated sans ("without") as if it were cent (100).
Fuad Kavur
London SW1
SIR – On a first French exchange in 1947, aged 15, I had no difficulty in picking up these two graphic metaphors.
Papa Prévot: Il faut vider le radiateur.
My friend Jacques (heading from our Chamonix campsite into the woods): Je vais poser les sentinelles.
Barry Birtwistle
Colne, Lancashire
Buses need conductors
SIR – What a con the new so-called Routemaster buses have turned out to be (Telegraph Magazine, June 4). For a true, even if new, version, we would have one entrance/exit. And to get back to a sense of courtesy, every vehicle would have a conductor. That would have left the driver sealed off from the action and left to concentrate on driving.
Instead, we have three entrances, more scope for fare evasion, and a driver with his attention diverted. And we thought Boris Johnson was going to get rid of all that.
Edward Thomas
Eastbourne, East Sussex
SIR – The "Boris" bus is an improvement on existing buses, but they're all too wide for British cities and therefore cause congestion. Routemasters were slimmer and more appropriate for British roads. Another example of how things get worse.
Fred Vonck
London SW10
Muddled measures
SIR – William Ainsley only touches on measurement problems (Letters, June 13).
Church bells are weighed in hundredweight (cwt), quarters (qtr) and pounds (lb). Young bell ringers have not even heard of cwt. They weigh themselves in stones (st) and lb, though many of them do not know how many lb make a st. Babies are born in lb and ounces (oz), but I note the oz are often expressed as a fraction of a lb, presumably because many mothers do not know how many make a lb.
We buy jam in 1lb jars, but call them 454 grams. (The Germans buy jam in 500g jars but call it a Pfund.) Milk is in litres in the supermarket, but pints if delivered. We buy petrol in litres but our cars do miles per gallon. Weirdest of all, the cross-section of timber is usually in inches, such as 4 x 2, while the length is in metres. Have we got ourselves into a bit of a muddle?
Andrew Shelley
Rudgwick, West Sussex
Wheels within wheels
SIR – In your photograph (Comment, June 13) of Dmitry Medvedev, the Russian president, and Vladimir Putin, the prime minister, riding bicycles, Mr Medvedev is riding a fast bike with narrow tyres and no suspension, and Mr Putin a mountain bike with fat tyres and suspension.
There has to be significance in this, if only I could find it.
Stanley Eckersley
Pudsey, West Yorkshire
A brief history of political skulduggery
SIR – If references to the conspiracy to unseat Tony Blair (Letters, June 11) are, according to Ed Balls, "ancient history", what were Labour's references to the supposedly awful "Thatcher Years"? Palaeontology?
Russell Hunt
Fleet, Hampshire
SIR – In the early 1990s, a group of MPs ousted their leader, Margaret Thatcher. She was replaced with a prime minister and a government that dismantled everything that she had stood for. The similarity between those events and the recent ones engineered by Ed Balls and others is startling. It says a lot for our democracy that two elected prime ministers can be removed by a few MPs.
Matthew Biddlecombe
Sampford Courtenay, Devon


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