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Although college sometimes feels like an intergalactic battle between Netflix and studying, just remember that food can get you through anything. A Jedi must stay true to his appetite, as well as his destiny. So no matter how much you don't want to suffer through four years (or more) of projects, reading, and non-stop papers…eat a burger and you'll be fine. Or just wing it like Han Solo and never let anyone tell you the odds…
1. Empower yourself with coffee
Caffeine is powerful. And although it's not good to have too much, you'll be needing lots of Starbucks to get through those all-nighters. And since you'll be joining "the dark side" for a little while, make sure to leave your mark without going too "Anakin Skywalker" on the folks in the library.
#SpoonTip: Here are some other ways to get caffeine.
2. Eat breakfast like a winner
Haven't you heard that breakfast is the most important meal of the day? Well, it's true. And you should eat a big, hearty one too 'cause it's probably the only meal you'll actually find the time to cook. A jedi-in-training can't function without the "food" force, so don't charge toward the battlefield without breakfast. Yoda would say, "Do. Or do not. There is no try." Got it?
#SpoonTip: Here's how Spoon does a Star Wars breakfast.
3. Don't avoid eating "cause you're too busy"
I know we've all got a lot of busywork to do, but come on guys; you've got to eat. Food is, like, super important, right? So take the time to make yourself a sandwich! Or just buy a Pub Sub. You're gonna need those carbs and protein to think and blow away those assignments and exams. But…not with the Death Star. Avoid that please.
4. Share your food with your friends (to an extent)
It's good to be nice and all, but c'mon. We should all be responsible for packing our own lunches. If it starts to feel like people are stealing from you, then that's a big problem. But please deal with it diplomatically. *No lightsaber battles allowed*
5. Let your frustration out on food (not people)
I know, I know… the stress can be overwhelming sometimes. But suck it up. It's not nice to let your issues affect other people, especially when it's not their fault. Blame it on the school system; I don't care. Just think before you act. Don't explode on your friend or the poor guy making you a smoothie at Tropical Smoothie. They're doing you a favor. Pour out all your frustration into your studying instead.
#SpoonTip: Here are some quick study snacks.
6. Don't retreat to fast food too often
You don't need to charge through the McDonald's line with 10 orders just because you have three papers due in the same week. Fast food will only make you feel worse. If you need it, stick to a few items. But it's homemade food that'll really make you feel better.
#SpoonTip: Here's the perfect homemade soup to make.
7. Shake the stress off (with wine and some dance moves)
After sitting in a chair for most of the day, you'll feel like you've lost all feeling in your body. So release that tension a little by moving around every once in awhile. Now, I know everyone has their own way of de-stressing, and that's perfectly fine. You do you. Just remember to use discretion. Don't wind up on Youtube 'cause you "had a little too much" and decided to bring a lightsaber to class.
#SpoonTip: Here's 7 superfoods that can reduce stress.
8. Remember that food is your friend in times of distress
Sometimes things won't always go your way. When your computer crashes, you spill coffee on your pants, or your car battery dies – don't let it get to you. Food is your ally. When you need an adrenaline boost, something to binge eat, or something to throw at the wall… it's there at your beck and call. Just don't misuse it, 'cause every friend has their boundaries. And if you overstep, you might end up with a sugar crash or a stomach ache.
#SpoonTip: Here are some Star Wars inspired snack recipes.
9. Don't let food distract you from your tasks
Food is very important. I know that. But like all college students, we do our best to procrastinate from our present dilemmas and deal with it in other ways… like Netflix and pizza. Yes, the workload can be a little overwhelming, but it does no good to live in a fantasy world of "stuffing your face" and then realize your class is in half an hour and you still haven't gotten up from bed.
#SpoonTip: Here's are some foods that'll help you focus.
10. Celebrate each good grade with some fun and dessert
Regardless of whether you're too tired to move from the couch or not, you've got to celebrate your triumphs no matter what. Reward yourself with some Froyo or chocolate glazed donuts. And don't forget to rest your mind every once in awhile. Watch a movie, hit the gym, dress up as Darth Maul and parade through campus…whatever floats your boat.
#SpoonTip: Here's a stellar Star Wars inspired soufflé recipe.
11. Flaunt your Jedi-ness and treat yo'self at the end of the semester
Congratulations, young Padawan. You've made it! Now you should eat 'till your heart's content, and breathe a sigh of relief that the war's finally over. I bid you farewell and may the force be with you.


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Annapolis officials have called for a one-day retreat to come up with solutions to the drug-related violence that has plagued the city recently.
The public is invited to the retreat, which will be held April 26 in Quiet Waters Park.
Aldermen Carl O. Snowden, D-Ward 5, and Ellen O. Moyer, D-Ward 8,came up with the idea for the retreat after a curfew proposed by Mayor Alfred A. Hopkins was defeated. Hopkins asked those who opposed the curfew to propose their own solutions.
"Annapolis is a neighborhood," Moyer said. "All of you have lived in a neighborhood and you know how they function. When people feel threatened, they come together. This is an opportunity to pool our collective wisdom. This neighborhood is going to solve its problems, and this is the first step."

subset: commoncrawl


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Up with the roger, the vessel is close
Cannons are loaded the weapons prepared
Set up more sails the distance grows
They try to escape but we shan't care
Calico Jack - Listen and hear my command
Calico Jack - I lead you to victory
Calico Jack - We shall win in the end
Calico Jack - You may believe what I foresee
Down with the roger, the vessel's too far
It's time for the red flag, no remorse
Anne and Mary, more rum in my jar
I need more refreshment before we set course
Changing the course now, we must get in touch
Triple afford, he must not escape
Our breath in their neck they feel out grudge
We have to hurry to get them in scrape
Acrid smell of smoke in the air
White flags rising mainmast breaks
Earth go deaf by my brother's blare
Upper deck is taken over
All of a sudden a yelling cry
Port turn open, what a mess
Soldiers get out'n'comrades dies
Desperate fights we're on the loose
The judge:
John Rackham
You are charged with murder and piracy of the high seas
In the name of her Majesty you will be taken from this court
And hung, drawn and quartered
What are your last words, accused?
Calico Jack:
My last words? Ha, Ha!!
Who do you think you are?!
What right have you to judge over my destiny?!
Take your pompous words and stick'em where the sun don't shine
I swear we meet again
Lyrics taken from /lyrics/r/running_wild/calico_jack.html


text: Coach Haynes Recap-On Tuesday night, the 7th grade girls basketball team took on the Shenandoah Fillies in their second game of the season. Improved effort on defense and better execution in their half court offense were keys to the Rams 42-3 victory in the A-game against the Fillies. Leading the way for the Rams with 20 points was Janna H. Kate H. added in 12 points, Carissa G. had 6 points, and Ryley N. scored 4 points. In the B-Game, the girls played improved defense but ended up losing a close one 8 to 10. Scoring for the Rams was Savanna S. with 6 points and Lauren S. with 2 points. The Rams take their 2-0 record to Harlan on Thursday.


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Simulation of Long Waves in Branching Waterwaysby Robert F. Henry, Res. Sci.; Marine Sci. Branch, Dept. of the Envir., Ottawa, Canada,
Serial Information: Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 1972, Vol. 98, Issue 4, Pg. 609-629
Document Type: Journal Paper
The system is divided into overlapping segments and the motion is computed for each segment separately over a time increment short enough to ensure that errors due to neglect of neighboring segments are confined to the regions of overlap. The solution for the whole system at the end of each time increment is found by discarding erroneous portions of the solutions for the various segments and piecing together the remaining parts. The difficulties of programming a single large difference scheme to cover a whole inlet or river are avoided and the problem is reduced to linking standard subroutines representing commonly-encountered features such as bifurcations and confluences. The results are presented for a numerical experiment designed to test the method in a known physical situation and to compare various methods of linking adjacent segments.
Subject Headings: Numerical methods | Long waves | Water waves | Waterways | Motion (dynamics) | Errors (statistics) | Computer programming | Inlets (waterway)
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You can re-live your childhood days with this building block inspired
toothbrush holder that will bring some fun to brushing your teeth.
Ideal for adults and children alike!
• Made from tough polyresin
• 12cm x 5cm x 7.5cm
• By Ridder of Germany
• Matching items available
This product is available for:
Immediate despatch


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Every apartment or a peace of dwelling has some or the other factor that makes them worth buying. Considering the same concept for Palm Harbor Florida Apartments, it is close proximity to a variety of beaches that magnetize buyers towards finding suitable apartment for them. In fact, beach is said to be the most relaxing place in the world that offers exotic view of sunsets as well as facility of water sports. Have guests coming in the weekend? Take them out to one of the beaches around Palm Harbor and introduce them to serenity par excellence. Obviously, the beauty of these beaches is such that they have become a perfect source of unwinding.
One of the most popular beaches around Palm Harbor is Clearwater beach...Read More


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Serena Williams Withdraws From Indian Wells With Knee Injury
Serena Williams's return to the Indian Wells tennis tournament for the first time since 2001 has ended with a knee injury.
Williams withdrew from the event Friday evening, before she was supposed to play Simona Halep in the second semifinal. Williams was greeted warmly—most of the crowd applauded—when she walked on to the court to explain that she could not play.
"A couple of days ago in my practice I just really injured my knee and I fought through it and I kept playing," Williams told the crowd. "Today I was struggling just to even walk."


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WOW! This is something really incredible for me. Staying here in India i have never seen these real view. The Pictures that i have shown here are from the Capital of India (Delhi). Its terribly hot out here but its energetic vibe and the colourful atmosphere catches you too hard to go away. Loving its hot air and enjoying watching people doing their own respective work. Can't get enough of it. Gonna stay here for more few days. So i might be posting more about this place. So stay tuned :P
P.S - I am really happy and grateful that you guys are loving my piece of work and following me. Thanks so much. *Hugs and Kisses*
Would love your feedback for this post too :)
Asenla! ^^


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Some days I think the existence of fireball and wish blinds us to the simple fact that first level magic-users kick ass. Here are some brief thoughts on the eight spells any M-U in OD&D can cast.
Detect Magic - Not every magic sword will glow like a lightsaber when drawn from its scabbard. That stick could be a magic wand or a conductor's baton. Is our ally cursed or charmed (see below)? You find a pool of water in the dungeon. Care to find out it's enchanted after you wade into it?
Hold Portal - Knowing the bad guys can't get to you, even for a few turns, is golden in retreat situations. And you want to really mess some NPCs up? Lure them into a house, hold the portals and set the joint on fire. Here's another one: a pit with a hatch is just more flooring while its held.
Read Magic - Worthless scrap of paper or wish scroll? Only the magic-user knows for sure. And the OD&D version specifically mentions that this spell can be used on items. And when you think about it, this spell is the gateway to real ultimate power; all other MU spells flow from this source.
Protection from Evil - Here's an easy way to really piss off an enchanted creature: stand in a doorway with this spell cast on yourself. The creature can't get past you to your non-protected allies, who can then leisurely ready their oil flasks, scrolls, etc. Heck, with 6 turns to work with, they might even be able to take an alternate route to the creature and attack it from behind.
Light - I think almost every DM goes a lot easier on the subject of lighting than they should. I know I do. If we handled torches and lanterns in any realistic way this would be one of the most popular spells ever. You ever try lighting a lantern without matches? How about making an accurate map by torchlight in a drafty catacomb? I think those tasks are approximately one bajillion times harder than we usually run them. And even if you don't want to be a dick about lighting all the time, drop the party into a pool of water and all their normal light sources are suddenly useless.
Charm Person - In OD&D this spell lasts until someone successfully casts dispel magic on the victim. Think about that for a minute. If there is a single MU1 in the campaign world then you pretty much can't trust anyone that might fail a save vs. spells. Smart MUs will probably pick one or two choice victims in any area. Charm too many and you run the risk of a random dispel magic catching one.
Sleep - Get out any old module, the low level kind that comes with a base area like a small town. Look at some of the entries and ask yourself how many of the homes and business would be vulnerable to a single sleep spell. That master burglar plaguing the area isn't a high level thief. Dude's a pipsqueak first level magic-user who peaks in the window, throws sleep, then casually makes off with the tea service and the jewelry box.
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
The Awesome Power of the 1st Level Magic-User
Posted by Jeff Rients at 7:42 PM
Labels: old school, RPG
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IT'S OBVIOUS the United States is ready for what used to be called socialized medicine. The Democrats ought to be leading the agitation for it and the fact that they aren't is further evidence suggesting their party is brain dead.
If it weren't, Democrats would surely be beating the feathers and dust out of George Bush for doing nothing while the country's rickety private health-insurance system totters toward collapse.
Statistics illuminate the political wealth waiting to be mined from the health-care issue: 33 million Americans with no health-insurance coverage at all, millions more afraid to move into better jobs for fear of losing their coverage and ever more insurers confining coverage to the healthiest, which is to say, people who least need it.


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Besides the apartments Irena, family Rogović can offer another apartment, just on walking distance from the apartments Irena. It is a small and luxury apartment for two to four people and has recently been renovated. The apartment has its own exit on the road that leads directly to the sea. It is situated in the very heart of the city of Crikvenica.
The apartment has free wi-fi access, air-conditioning, parking space, grill and terrace with a sitting area and a children playground in the garden.
It is suitable for people with children and the elderly. Everything is included in the price.
It is situated in the very heart of the city of Crikvenica.
We can offer transport to the airport and train station. The bus station is on walking distance to the apartment.
All the best restaurants and shops are 100 meters away from the apartment.
Apartment Andres has been newly redecorated in 2014. It is a luxury apartment with a garden, barbecue, children playground, free wi-fi, air-condition, parking, and fully equipped. The apartment has its own path to the beach that is only 100 m away. The best restaurants and shops in town, and the center are just a few minutes away.


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This guide begins by describing the problem of animal cruelty and reviewing factors that increase its risks. It then identifies a series of questions to help you analyze your local animal cruelty problem. Finally, it reviews responses to the problem and what is known about these from evaluative research and police practice.
Animal cruelty is but one aspect of the larger set of problems related to animals. This guide is limited to addressing the particular harms created by animal cruelty. Related problems not directly addressed in this guide, each of which requires separate analysis, include the following:
Nuisance or Hazardous Animals
Harm to Animals Incidental to Other Motives
Some of these related problems are covered in other guides in this series, all of which are listed at the end of this guide. For the most up-to-date listing of current and future guides, see www.popcenter.org.
Animal cruelty includes many kinds of mistreatment, from temporarily failing to provide essential care to the malicious killing or repeated torturing of an animal. Every state defines animal cruelty differently, both in terms of the specific actions that are prohibited and the categories of animals that are protected. For example, hunting is exempted from animal cruelty laws and livestock are not protected, even though in both cases the animals are killed and quite often suffer. Laws in some states protect wild animals from frivolous harm (e.g., thrill killing), although most animal cruelty laws are designed to only protect companion animals or pets.
Animal cruelty cases tend to span the jurisdictions of several state and local agencies and departments, and the agency officially responsible for handling animal cruelty cases varies. Some jurisdictions have sophisticated programs within animal welfare organizations (e.g., Humane Societies, Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Animal Control) with specially trained staff who respond to all complaints of animal cruelty. They may be called animal cruelty enforcement agents, humane law enforcement agents, cruelty investigators, or animal control officers, and while they may have the legal authority to investigate and enforce animal cruelty laws, the public often grants them less legitimacy than police.1 In some jurisdictions, animal cruelty enforcement agents collaborate with police. In places without local animal welfare organizations, police may be solely responsible for enforcing all animal-protection laws.2 Where local humane agencies exist, police tend to refer complaints of animal cruelty to these agencies, even though they often lack the funding, expertise, and resources to investigate animal cruelty cases.3
The intense public reaction to animal cruelty cases covered by the media suggests that the public is concerned about the treatment of animals and believes animal cruelty to be a social problem worthy of police attention.4 Because police routinely come into contact with people at their homes where their animals are ordinarily kept, the officers are in an ideal position to identify warning signs of animal cruelty and neglect. While some cases will be arduous, involving lengthy investigations, search warrants, and complex crime scenes, most cases of animal cruelty are not particularly complicated. Particularly in cases of simple neglect, police who identify the signs of animal cruelty can offer information, suggestions for improving animal care, or warnings, which will usually rectify the situation before a serious tragedy occurs.5
The following types of animal cruelty exist:
While specialized training is desirable, particularly for complicated hoarding cases or cases of physical abuse that will be prosecuted, most police officers need only a basic familiarity with animals health and normal states of being to identify the warning signs of animal cruelty. These signs may include the following:7
National crime-reporting systems do not monitor animal cruelty. Doing so would be very difficult, because enforcement authority is scattered across thousands of state and local agencies, laws vary across states, and standardized reporting structures have not been developed. The two major efforts to collect data on the prevalence of animal mistreatment rely primarily on media reports, rather than enforcement records, as the source.One survey of school-aged children in the United States found that 30 percent admitted to committing some form of animal cruelty.8 Another survey found that 14 percent of the population had witnessed someone intentionally or carelessly inflicting pain or suffering on an animal in the past year.9 This translates to over 15 million incidents of animal cruelty in a single year. Over half of the respondents stated they reported the incident to a law enforcement or humane organization. One study estimated that approximately 5,000 cases of hoarding are reported each year, with roughly 40 animals involved in each case.10
Despite the lack of national data, most researchers agree that cases of neglect constitute the vast majority of animal cruelty cases.11 However, unless the neglect is extreme or involves a large number of animals, these cases are rarely discussed by the media. As a result, the public may not fully understand the prevalence and nature of animal cruelty.12
Until 2004, the Humane Society of the United States collected data on animal cruelty cases covered in the media. It discontinued the project because of excessive demands on staff (Lockwood 2008). Press clippings were also used build the Animal Abuse Registry Database Administration System (AARDAS), a private system which was launched in 2002. While the website includes a search engine and crime-mapping capabilities, it includes only those cases with a media reference or that proceeded to court. As of April 18, 2011, the database included over 17,000 cases in six countries.
The most obvious harm caused by animal cruelty is the pain and suffering endured by the animal. In contrast to what is often presented by the media, happy endings in cases of physical cruelty are rare: the abuse is often ghastly and victim animals are rarely returned to good health or adopted by a loving family.13 Particularly in hoarding cases, severe crowding and a lack of socialization create health and behavior problems that may leave animals unadoptable and at risk of euthanasia.14 One study of animal cruelty cases in the media in 2003 found that 62 percent of the animal victims were either killed by the perpetrator or euthanized because of their injuries.15 Long-term outcomes are better for victims of mild neglect, provided their owners change their approach to the animals care.
In addition to the animal suffering inflicted in even the least sensational cases, the more complicated hoarding cases also generate significant public health concerns. Homes of hoarders are generally filthy, with an accumulation of animal feces and urine on the floor, sometimes several inches deep. The resulting ammonia gas creates toxic air. Utilities and major appliances usually do not work, and most of the basic activities for a functional and sanitary household (e.g., showering, sleeping in a bed, preparing food) are impaired. Carcasses of dead animals are often found in hoarding locations, many of which are eventually condemned.16
While animal cruelty is a serious social problem in its own right, interest in its association with other forms of violence has motivated a great deal of research. Groups of researchers in both the United States and the United Kingdom assert that people who harm or kill animals are at high risk of interpersonal violence.17 These researchers assert that people who mistreat animals will do so habitually and are likely to be violent to their partners and children. Further, they claim that victims of child abuse are likely to harm animals and are more likely to be violent toward humans as they mature. Most of these studies examined the prevalence of animal cruelty among incarcerated, violent offenders.
However, citing methodological flaws in the research and overly broad generalizations, a few researchers believe the link between animal cruelty and interpersonal violence has been overstated.18 Given that most people who have been cruel to animals have not gone on to commit increasingly violent acts towards humans, these researchers worry that assuming a direct link will cast the net too wide and result in misdirected resources.19 The same set of external factors (e.g., stress, poverty, substance abuse) may underlie multiple forms of violence. However, cruelty to animals, alone, is not a particularly influential predictor of interpersonal violence, and animal cruelty may precede or follow other types of violent offenses.20
Understanding the factors that contribute to your problem will help you frame your own local analysis questions, determine effective measures in response, recognize key intervention points, and select appropriate responses.
Dogs and cats are the most frequent victims of neglect and physical cruelty, although birds, hamsters, gerbils, rabbits, and reptiles are sometimes abused. Most victims of animal cruelty are pets, not wild animals.21 A survey of veterinarians experience with abused animals and suspected abusers revealed that offenders may physically abuse younger animals (age 7 months to 2 years), who are full of energy and sometimes difficult to train.22
Wild animals (e.g., raccoons, possums, deer) may be brutally attacked by poachers who intentionally hit the animal with a car or beat them with a club or bat.23 The animals are killed not for their meat, but rather for sport or the thrill of causing harm.
Hoarding cases usually involve dogs and cats and most involve multiple species.24 These cases typically involve dozens of animals, or in extreme cases, hundreds.25
Neglected animals are often found in households where residents have alcohol and drug problems and where residents are overwhelmed and have difficulty meeting their own basic needs.26 Further, some pet owners are simply ignorant of animals basic needs and how to train them effectively.27 Even though their cruelty is unintentional, owners who lack this essential knowledge may severely neglect their animals.
Although a few studies have shown that a small proportion of violent adult criminals were chronic animal abusers as children, most children who are cruel to animals commit mild, infrequent acts of cruelty and eventually grow out of it.28 Their cruelty is motivated by curiosity, peer pressure, boredom, or a lack of knowledge about animals.29
Perpetrators are most likely to be older adolescents or young adults. Males commit intentional acts of cruelty toward animals more often than females.30 While abuse occurs at all socio-economic levels, it is concentrated in lower socioeconomic households.31 Physical cruelty is often motivated by unrealistic expectations about how animals should behave, and offenders cause pain and distress in an effort to control or retaliate against the animal. They may also express anger about other situations by abusing the animal.32 In domestic violence situations, offenders may abuse animals in an effort to intimidate or control their human victims.33
Although far less common than physical abuse or simple neglect, hoarding has attracted a disproportionate amount of research. As a result, the profile of a typical hoarder is far more specific. Hoarders are most frequently single females who live alone, do not work outside the home, and are socially isolated. However, hoarding cases also involve single males and couples of varying ages and living arrangements. Research has identified several types of hoarders, including the following:34
Regardless of the motivation, without adequate treatment and limits on future pet ownership, nearly all hoarders reoffend.35
Research has not examined the specific locations where physical abuse or simple neglect occurs. We do know that although animal cruelty occurs at all socioeconomic levels and in all communities, it is concentrated in households of lower socioeconomic status.36 Media accounts suggest that animal cruelty occurs in or around private residences (when a pet is the victim) or in isolated public spaces (when the victim is a wild or stray animal). Although research describes the characteristics of the households in which hoarding occurs, we do not know the geographic concentrations of hoarding cases.37
Although the seasonal patterns of animal cruelty have not been researched in depth, the research implies that simple neglect (e.g., inadequate shelter) may be more prevalent during seasons with extreme temperatures.
The co-occurrence of animal cruelty with other forms of violence compounds the harms associated with it. Although the link between the physical abuse of animals and interpersonal violence is unlikely to be as causal as some research suggests, the occurrence of either type of violence should cue police to check whether other forms of mistreatment may also be present.38 The underlying conditions that create the opportunity for animal cruelty to occur (e.g., stress, deprivation, aggression, mental illness, prior victimization, drug and alcohol use) mirror the risk factors for interpersonal violence. As a result, people who abuse animals may be at risk of committing interpersonal violence, and vice versa. While presuming that people who abuse their pets also abuse their children or spouses is inappropriate, being vigilant about the potential co-occurrence of various forms of violence is only prudent.
Women in domestic violence situations may delay leaving a violent partner, in part because they are concerned about pets that would be left behind.39 Most domestic violence shelters do not accommodate animals. The social isolation and limited financial resources of domestic violence victims can prevent them from leaving their pets with family members, friends, or at a kennel. Many women in shelters report that their pets have been threatened, injured, or killed by their abusive partners. Batterers harm pets to exert control, prevent the victim from leaving, or coerce the victim to return.40
Finally, the chaos and filth that characterize hoarding locations have grave consequences for the health of the human inhabitants. Hoarders generally have poor hygiene and limited access to a sanitary environment for eating, bathing, and sleeping. These problems with self-care are often compounded by untreated mental illnesses.
The information provided above is only a generalized description of animal cruelty. You must combine the basic facts with a more specific understanding of your local problem. Analyzing the local problem carefully will help you design a more effective response strategy.
In addition to criminal justice agencies, the following groups have an interest in animal cruelty and ought to be considered for the contribution they might make to gathering information about the problem and responding to it:
The following are critical questions to ask when analyzing your particular animal cruelty problem, even if the answers are not always readily available. Your answers to these and other questions will help you choose the most appropriate set of responses later on.
Measurement allows you to determine to what degree your efforts have succeeded and suggests how you might modify your responses if they are not producing the intended results.
Take measures of your problem before you implement responses to determine how serious the problem is, and after you implement them to determine whether they have been effective. You should take all measures in both the target area and the surrounding area. For more detailed guidance on measuring effectiveness, see Problem-Solving Tools Guide No. 1, Assessing Responses to Problems: An Introductory Guide for Police Problem-Solvers and Problem-Solving Tools Guide No. 10, Analyzing Crime Displacement and Diffusion.
The following are potentially useful measures of the effectiveness of responses to animal cruelty. Process measures show the extent to which responses were properly implemented. Outcome measures show the extent to which the responses reduced the level or severity of the problem.
Use the following process indicators in your assessment:
Use the following outcome indicators in your assessment:
Your analysis of your local problem should give you a better understanding of the factors contributing to it. Once you have analyzed your local problem and established a baseline for measuring effectiveness, consider possible responses to address the problem.
The following response strategies provide a foundation of ideas for addressing your particular animal cruelty problem. These strategies are drawn from a variety of research studies and police reports. Several strategies may apply to your communitys problem.
It is critical that you tailor responses to local circumstances and that you can justify each response based on reliable analysis. In most cases, an effective strategy will involve implementing several different responses. Law enforcement responses alone are seldom effective in reducing or solving the problem.
Do not limit yourself to considering what the police can do: carefully consider whether others in your community share responsibility for the problem and can help the police better respond to it. The responsibility of responding, in some cases, may need to be shifted toward those capable of implementing more effective responses. For more detailed information on shifting and sharing responsibility, see Response Guide No. 3, Shifting and Sharing Responsibility for Public Safety Problems.
For further information on managing the implementation of response strategies, see Problem-Solving Tools Guide No. 7, Implementing Responses to Problems.
Developing standardized data-reporting protocols. Reliable estimates of the prevalence of animal cruelty are not available at national, state, or local levels. Not only does the lack of data impede the ability to target prevention, education, and rescue efforts, but it also prevents further analysis of the relationship between animal cruelty and interpersonal violence. Centralized databases for reports of animal abuse and neglect should include information on offenders, victims, the nature of the offense, and the time and place where the abuse occurred. A simple design, standardized definitions, and data quality-control efforts are essential. Researchers suggest that we can learn from child abuse data-reporting protocols developed and implemented over the past few decades.41 Most importantly, those charged with the duty to report and enter data must be educated about the value of statistical data and the importance of their individual contributions.
Building a coalition among organizations focused on violence prevention. Coalitions harness the expertise, resources, leverage, and access of a diverse group of stakeholders to catalyze changes that members are unable to accomplish alone. Police, animal control officers, animal welfare organizations, social service workers, veterinarians, housing authorities, and health and fire departments all encounter animal cruelty during their normal course of duty but are often poorly informed about the warning signs and what steps to take if they become aware of animal abuse. Further, these groups are often unaware of the potential link between their concerns and animal cruelty or that their participation is needed to solve the problem.42 Although the humane treatment of animals is the top priority of animal welfare organizations, they are often ill-prepared to negotiate regulatory agencies and other government bureaucracies that need to be mobilized for an effective response to the more complicated cases of animal cruelty.43
Coalitions develop active lines of communication among agencies that are most likely to interact with either the animal victims or perpetrators of animal cruelty. Effective coalitions prevent redundant efforts, share resources, extend service areas, and address larger concerns (i.e., violence prevention) simultaneously.44 Coalitions need to develop cross-training and cross-reporting mechanisms and multidisciplinary response teams to better protect the victims of animal cruelty and to address the underlying causes of animal cruelty. Particularly in the case of animal hoarding, even after the animals are removed from the situation, the property remains unsafe and unsanitary and the causes of the offenders behavior have not been addressed.45 Coalitions with public health, housing, and social services representatives will be better equipped to manage an animal-hoarding situation than the police acting independently.
Intervening early. Early intervention can prevent further or more serious animal cruelty from occurring. While it may make prosecution easier, waiting until an animal is severely injured is not in the animals best interest. Offering information and guidance at the first sign of an animals distress improves the likelihood that the harm to the animal will be limited.46 Most cases of animal cruelty are not complicated (e.g., animals without food, water, or proper shelter) and can be rectified by addressing the issues that led to the animals mistreatment.
Practitioners in Toledo, Ohio, held a one-day workshop, "Violence is Preventable", which stressed the overlapping missions of the agencies involved. Key discussions included territoriality, fears about losing financial support and human resources, perceived threats to individual agencies' autonomy, and conflicts over style and methods of approaching the work (Boatfield and Vallongo 1999). Groups seeking to address the linkage between animal cruelty and interpersonal violence have developed guidelines for coalitions that include agencies from the "animal world" and the "human world" (Linkage Project 2010). The Hoarding of Animals Research Consortium developed a five-step process for creating an integrated approach to addressing animal hoarding (Patronek, Loar, and Nathanson 2006).
1. Training across disciplines and developing cross-reporting mechanisms. Because the risk factors for animal cruelty mirror those for domestic violence and child abuse, groups working to reduce animal cruelty have an opportunity to merge various violence-prevention initiatives. Animal cruelty can signify broader family dysfunction. Training animal welfare workers on the mission, objectives, and procedures of child and adult protective services, and vice versa, highlights the common ground across the two worlds. However, knowing only what each organization does is not sufficient: staff need to know how to navigate the other agencies structures and must understand their cultures.47
Image1: This bookmark, created by the Baltimore Mayor's Anti-Animal Abuse Task Force, includes information on what constitutes animal abuse and
how to report it.
Photo Credit: The Baltimore Mayor's Anti-Animal Abuse Task Force. Used with permission
The Linkage Project trains animal control and welfare officers to recognize and report child abuse and train social-service staff to refer cases of suspected animal cruelty to the proper organization (Linkage Project 2010).
Once agencies have committed to working together and understand how their duties intersect, cross-reporting mechanisms are needed. When warning signs come to their attention, all staff need to understand how to exchange information within the boundaries of client confidentiality laws.48 Staff should be encouraged to collect information and report their suspicions, but should be deterred from attempting to investigate an issue that lies within another agencys legal jurisdiction.49 Cross-reporting protocols have resulted in higher detection rates for all types of domestic abuse and animal cruelty.50
The Baltimore Mayor's Anti-Animal Abuse Task Force printed bookmarks titled "When It Comes to Animal Abuse, We Can't Speak for Ourselves. Will You Give Us a Voice?" The bookmark includes information on what constitutes animal abuse and how to report it (Baltimore Mayor's Anti-Animal Abuse Task Force 2010).
2. Training veterinarians to recognize and report nonaccidental injuries. Many animal cruelty offenders will not seek medical treatment for the animal. However, some offenders, nonoffending family members, or other concerned individuals will bring an injured or neglected animal to a veterinarian, placing veterinarians in an ideal position to detect and report animal cruelty. Dynamics suggesting an animals injury was not accidental include the following:51
While none of these warning signs are diagnostic on their own, veterinarians should be suspicious when they occur in combination.
When veterinarians detect suspicious injuries or conditions suggesting chronic neglect, many states require them to report their suspicions to law enforcement or humane authorities. Veterinarians should determine whether reporting is mandatory, what type of immunity is provided, and to whom to make the report.52
The American Veterinary Medical Association developed a client questionnaire and decision-tree for assessing the risk of animal maltreatment (Arkow, Boyden, and Patterson-Kane 2011).
3. Increasing public awareness and surveillance. Public meetings, animal cruelty awareness campaigns, and outreach to school-age children can increase awareness of the warning signs of animal neglect and abuse. The public has become increasingly informed about animal cruelty through television shows like Animal Precinct and Animal COPS, along with media coverage of high-profile cases. Although media coverage raises awareness, the nature of the cases selected for coverage may mislead the public into thinking that animal mistreatment must be extreme in order to draw attention from police or animal welfare organizations.53 Public awareness campaigns should highlight the fact that most cases of animal abuse and neglect are less dramatic, but involve equally unacceptable mistreatment of animals. Citizen patrols should be alerted to the warning signs of animal cruelty.
The American Humane Association publishes a guide for parents introducing pets into their home to reinforce both animal and child safety (American Humane Association 2010a; American Humane Association 2010b).
See Response Guide No. 5, Crime Prevention Publicity Campaigns, for more detailed information.4. Creating mechanisms for reporting suspected animal abuse anonymously. In some communities, people do not report suspected animal cruelty because they fear retaliation from the animals owner. When animal abuse reporting dovetails with other crime reporting programs or city-service request systems, and citizens can report their suspicions anonymously, they may be more likely to do so.
The Baltimore Mayor's Anti-Animal Abuse Task Force developed a mechanism for citizen watch patrols to report suspected animal abuse using a confidential crime-watch number. The callers identity is not given to the responding officer (Baltimore Mayor's Anti-Animal Abuse Task Force 2010).
5. Developing expertise among criminal justice practitioners. A study by the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) showed that only 19 percent of police officers in the United States received formal training on animal cruelty, only 41 percent were familiar with the applicable laws, and only 30 percent were familiar with the penalties that could be imposed for mistreating animals.54 Animal welfare organizations are often willing to teach police and prosecutors about the warning signs and symptoms of animal cruelty, and some schools offer animal cruelty investigation certification programs, 55 Training should include information on analyzing and interpreting animal cruelty laws, writing search-and-seizure warrants for animal cruelty cases, investigating animal cruelty, collecting and handling evidence from animal cruelty crime scenes, prosecuting animal cruelty cases, and advocating for appropriate penalties for convicted offenders.56 Police can also consult with prosecutors about how to address suspicious animal treatment encountered during the course of duty.
The Chicago Police Department offers web-based training on animal cruelty for its officers. The department also collaborated with the local animal control agency to develop a reference manual for assembling an animal cruelty case and "palm cards" printed with essential information about state and municipal animal cruelty laws (Frasch 2008).
At one time, the Fulton County (Georgia) Prosecutor's Office had a 24-hour hotline staffed by an attorney to ensure that first responders properly collect and preserve evidence at animal cruelty crime scenes. The prosecutor directed police to photograph certain elements of the crime scene, obtain samples of environmental materials, or to deliver the animal's body to a particular location for examination (Garrett 2008). Although this resource is no longer available, the model could still be replicated. Garrett (2008) provides specific guidance on the types of evidence needed for prosecuting animal cruelty cases.
6. Improving veterinarians abilities to conduct forensic examinations. Veterinarians play an essential role in the response to severe cases of animal cruelty and hoarding. If the case is to be prosecuted, veterinarians must document the physical condition of all of the animals involved, comment on prudent actions or standards of care that could have prevented the injury or death, determine the cause of death and the sequence of injuries, and identify and preserve evidence.57 Most veterinarians are not familiar with legal standards of evidence and do not regularly autopsy dead animals. Some communities will need to seek outside forensic veterinary expertise when confronted with complex or serious animal cruelty cases.
Arkow, Boyden, and Patterson-Kane (2011) provide detailed protocols for collecting and preserving evidence in animal cruelty cases.
The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Mobile Animal Crime Scene Investigation Units travel to locations throughout the country to help police collect and process evidence at animal cruelty crime scenes. In addition, a few veterinary schools offer classes in crime-scene processing, determining the time of death or injury, bloodstain pattern, bite mark analysis, and so on (Siebert 2010).
7. Providing Humane Education programs to at-risk children. Humane Education programs based in schools and the community teach children how to care for animals and how to interact with them in appropriate ways.58 Bringing at-risk children in contact with shelter animals can create empathy, which is believed to be a core protective factor. However, evidence as to the effectiveness of these programs is largely anecdotal.59
8. Educating low-level offenders. Sometimes, what can appear to be cruelty may be the result of ignorance or cultural traditions, rather than the intent to harm an animal. Further, some cases that come to the attention of police barely qualify as cruelty, yet have the potential to harm the animal if the owners practices continue unchecked. In these situations, adopting the role of an animal welfare educator can help police address the immediate problem without consuming expensive and time-consuming legal resources. For example, police can explain that tethered animals risk disease when forced to eat, sleep, urinate, and defecate in limited space and can suggest humane alternatives like fencing, kennels, and cable trolleys on swivels.60 Explaining why certain practices are dangerous and how to meet animals basic needs for food, water, and shelter may resolve the situation. Legal remedies should be pursued if education efforts are unsuccessful.
9. Prosecuting offenders. When offenders who have neglected their animals are unable or unwilling to comply with informal recommendations, or when the physical abuse of the animal is egregious, prosecution may be warranted. That said, animal cruelty cases are difficult to prove, often complicated, and require expertise in relevant laws, veterinary medicine, and veterinary forensics. Prosecution can be costly, time consuming, and is effective only when the underlying causes of the behavior are addressed through sentencing provisions.
10. Increasing the severity and range of penalties. Over the past decade, most states have enacted felony-level animal cruelty statutes that increase the severity of penalties associated with a conviction.61 The most effective penalties are those that impose fines, restitution, or other financial sanctions that can be used to defray the significant costs associated with the seizure, treatment, long-term care, and housing of mistreated animals.62 Mental health treatment should be required, as discussed below. Limiting offenders contact with animal victims and preventing offenders from owning animals in the future make recidivism less likely. Except in the most egregious cases, incarcerating offenders is unlikely to be popular when public safety resources are limited.
11. Counseling and treating more serious offenders. Many state laws require psychological evaluation and counseling for convicted offenders, usually at the offenders expense. Because animal cruelty takes many forms and offenders have different motivations, the treatment approach should be informed by the surrounding factors, such as co-occurring domestic violence, substance abuse, trauma, or victimization.63 Unfortunately, many communities that have identified a need for specialized treatment for animal abusers have been unable to locate local, qualified professionals to provide the service.64,
The Animal Legal Defense Funds (ALDF) "Zero Tolerance for Cruelty" campaign provides direct legal assistance to prosecutors handling animal cruelty cases. ALDF staff may conduct legal research, submit briefs to the court, and locate expert witnesses, among other services (Tischler 1999). In 2011 the National District Attorneys Association created the National Center for the Prosecution of Animal Abuse to aid prosecutors in building animal cruelty cases.
The AniCare Model for the Treatment of Animal Abusers is a cognitive-behavioral treatment program for animal abusers that features models for adults and children. Workshops for social service and criminal justice professionals are also available.
Researchers agree that without treatment, most hoarders will reoffend.65 Simply removing animals and cleaning up the premises ignores the root causes of the offenders behavior. Instead, a multidisciplinary team (e.g., health services, social services, housing, mental health, and animal welfare, and law enforcement) should be convened to address the broader problems of untreated mental illness and inadequate self-care.Because hoarders differ in their motivations and willingness to understand what went wrong and how to solve the problem, treatment must be appropriately nuanced.66 The best results are obtained when the various professionals maintain contact with the offender over a period of time and make frequent, unannounced follow-up visits to ensure the hoarding behavior does not begin again.67 All contacts with the offender should be documented, including the nature of advice offered, observations about the conditions of the animals and the individual, and how their conditions change over time.68
Nathanson (2009); Fleury (2007); and Patronek, Loar, and Nathanson (2006) offer additional guidance for professionals working with hoarders.
Image2: Most states have provisions that allow for abused or neglected animals to be taken into custody by the police or animal welfare organizations.
Photo Credit: Kathy Milani/The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS)
13. Creating foster placements for the pets of domestic violence victims. Many victims of domestic violence report that their abusive partners have threatened or mistreated their pets. Concern for their animals welfare and the fact that most domestic violence shelters do not accommodate pets are obstacles for women trying to escape domestic violence. Many states have foster-care placements and temporary shelters to protect animals from mistreatment and to facilitate continued contact between the victims of domestic violence and their pets. These programs must establish procedures for transportation, addressing the animals health needs, visitation policies, client confidentiality, and safety., 72
The Humane Society of the United States provides an on-line directory of Safe Havens for Animals (Humane Society of the United States 2009).
Ascione (2000) created a guidebook containing the collective wisdom and experiences of programs sheltering pets for victims of domestic violence.
The table below summarizes the responses to animal cruelty, the mechanism by which they are intended to work, the conditions under which they ought to work best, and some factors you should consider before implementing a particular response. It is critical that you tailor responses to local circumstances and that you can justify each response based on reliable analysis. In most cases, an effective strategy will involve implementing several different responses. Law enforcement responses alone are seldom effective in reducing or solving the problem.
|How It Works
|Works Best If
|Responses that Increase Suspected Animal Cruelty Referrals
|Training across disciplines and developing cross-reporting mechanisms
|Increases the likelihood that animal cruelty will be detected
|...specific reporting protocols are established; investigations are conducted only by the agency with the legal authority to do so
|Information must be shared without violating client confidentiality
|Training veterinarians to recognize and report non-accidental injuries
|Increases the likelihood that animal cruelty will be detected
|...veterinarians ask about the causes of injury and observe the animal for unusual behavior; veterinarians know how to report their suspicions to police or the local animal welfare agency
|Many offenders will not seek treatment for the animals they have mistreated
|Increasing public awareness and surveillance
|Increases the likelihood that animal cruelty will be detected
|...information campaigns highlight the warning signs of ordinary mistreatment, rather than relying on sensational cases; citizen patrols are alerted to the warning signs of animal cruelty
|Residents may choose not to report because they fear retribution by the animal's owner
|Creating mechanisms for reporting suspected animal abuse anonymously
|Increases the likelihood that animal cruelty will be detected
|...animal cruelty reporting is made a part of other crime reporting programs or city service request systems; dispatchers are not given the reporting party's name
|Residents may not know how to access crime reporting systems; partnering with area Crime Stoppers can help publicize recent crimes and the availability of rewards
|Responses that Increase Expertise in Preventing Animal Cruelty
|Developing expertise among criminal justice practitioners
|Increases the ability to detect and respond appropriately to animal cruelty
|...animal welfare organizations are involved in training; training includes sessions on relevant laws, investigative techniques, and evidence collection and preservation
|Training can be time and resource intensive; case consultation with prosecutors may be required to determine the best response to more complicated cases
|Improving veterinarians' abilities to conduct forensic examinations
|Improving veterinarians' abilities to conduct forensic examinations
|...veterinarians are familiar with legal standards of evidence
|Most veterinary medicine programs do not include courses in forensics
|Responses that Target Offenders
|Providing Humane Education programs to at-risk children
|Reduces the likelihood that children will mistreat animals
|...children are brought into contact with animals
|Identifying children at-risk of animal cruelty can be difficult
|Educating low-level offenders
|In cases of unintentional mistreatment, provides offenders with the information needed to properly care for their animals
|...police adopt the role of an animal welfare educator; police explain why certain practices are dangerous and how to meet the animal's basic needs
|Some offenders will not follow the advice they are given and some do not have the necessary resources to provide proper care
|Prosecuting offenders
|Increases the penalties associated with animal cruelty and may deter others from mistreating animals
|...used to address only the most egregious cases or those in which the offender has not responded to informal recommendations
|Animal cruelty cases can require specialized evidence collection and expert testimony; caring for and holding animals as evidence may be costly
|Increasing the severity and range of penalties
|Increases the penalties associated with animal cruelty, addresses the underlying causes of animal cruelty, and may deter others from mistreating animals
|...financial penalties are used to defray the costs of treating and caring for the animal victims; offenders' contact with animals is severely restricted
|Some offenders will be unable to pay fines imposed; sentencing guidelines may not permit significant consequences for cases involving juveniles or first-time offenders
|Counseling and treating more serious offenders
|Addresses the underlying causes of animal cruelty
|...the treatment approach is informed by the presence of co-occurring problems (e.g., domestic violence, substance abuse, mental illness); contact with the offender is maintained over a period of time to ensure the problem has not reoccurred
|Mental health professionals who are trained to address animal cruelty can be difficult to locate; offenders may have multiple mental health needs (e.g., substance abuse, history of physical or sexual assault)
|Responses that Protect Animal Victims
|Seizing or requiring mistreated animals to be forfeited
|Protects victims from further victimization; can prevent excessive holding periods which are a detriment to the animals and a burden to caretakers
|...police have expertise in seizure and forfeiture laws, which can be complicated and often have short timelines; offenders are required to post bond to cover costs associated with animals care and treatment
|If bond is not required or posted, treating and caring for seized or forfeited animals can be very resource intensive
|Creating foster placements for the pets of domestic violence victims
|Protects pets from harm
|...foster placements have specific procedures for providing veterinary care, owner visitation, security, and confidentiality
|Aligning foster care availability with the needs of clients can be difficult; people willing to foster animals must be actively recruited
[1] Arluke (2004); Arluke (2006).
[2] Lockwood (2006).
[3] Schlueter (2008).
[4] Vollum, Buffington-Vollum, and Longmire (2004); Lockwood (2006); Lockwood (2008).
[5] Schlueter (1999).
[6] Arluke (2006); Carlisle-Frank and Flanagan (2006); Patronek (2008); Solot (1997).
[7] Schlueter (1999); Schlueter (2008).
[8] Dadds et al. (2004).
[9] Lockwood (2008).
[10] Patronek (2008).
[11] Arluke (2006); Carlisle-Frank and Flanagan (2006); Patronek (2008); Solot (1997).
[12] Arluke and Luke (1997).
[13] Arluke (2006).
[14] Berry, Patronek, and Lockwood (2005).
[15] Humane Society (2004).
[16] Allan (2010); Arluke et al. (2002); Berry, Patronek, and Lockwood (2005); Fleury (2007); Nathanson (2009); Patronek (2008).
[17] Turnbull (2000); Ascione (2008); PETA Research and Education Foundation (n.d.); Humane Society of the United States (1999); Linkage Project (2010).
[18] Patterson-Kane and Piper (2009); McPhedran (2009); Hackett and Uprichard (2007); Beirne (2004); Arluke (2006); Belle (2001); Duncan and Miller (2002).
[19] Hackett and Uprichard (2007); Patterson-Kane and Piper (2009).
[20] Patterson-Kane and Piper (2009); McPhedran (2009); Hackett and Uprichard (2007); Pierpoint and Maher (2010).
[21] Arluke and Luke (1997).
[22] American Humane Association (2005).
[23] Delong (2010).
[24] Patronek (1999).
[25] Animal Legal Defense Fund (n.d.); Patronek (1999).
[26] Carlisle-Frank and Flanagan (2006).
[27] Pierpoint and Maher (2010).
[28] Hackett and Uprichard (2007); Dadds et al. (2004).
[29]Hackett and Uprichard (2007).
[30] Munro (1999); Humane Society (2004); Gerbasi (2004); Flynn (2001); Carlisle-Frank and Flanagan (2006); Pierpoint and Maher (2010).
[31] Flynn (2001); Munro (1999).
[32] Carlisle-Frank and Flanagan (2006); Patronek (2008).
[33] Carlisle-Frank and Flanagan (2006).
[34] Patronek, Loar, and Nathanson (2006); Vaca-Guzman and Arluke (2005); Animal Legal Defense Fund (n.d.[a]).
[35] Berry, Patronek, and Lockwood (2005).
[36] Flynn (2001); Munro (1999).
[37] Allan (2010); Arluke et al. (2002); Berry, Patronek, and Lockwood (2005); Fleury (2007); Nathanson (2009); Patronek (2008).
[38] Pierpoint and Maher (2010); Patterson-Kane and Piper (2009); McPhedran (2009); Hackett and Uprichard (2007); Beirne (2004); Arluke (2006); Belle (2001); Duncan and Miller (2002).
[39] Ascione (2005); Faver and Strand (2003).
[40] CGilbreath (2008); Humane Society of the United States (1999).
[41] Munro (1999); Lockwood (2008).
[42] Carlisle-Frank and Flanagan (2006).
[43] Patronek, Loar, and Nathanson (2006).
[44] Boatfield and Vallongo (1999); Linkage Project (2010).
[45] Nathanson (2009).
[46] Schlueter (1999); Lockwood (1989).
[47] Nathanson (2009).
[48] Linkage Project (2010).
[49] Baltimore Mayor's Anti-Animal Abuse Task Force (2010).
[50] Pierpoint and Maher (2010).
[51] Munro and Thrusfield (2001); Munro (1999); Arkow, Boyden, and Patterson-Kane (2011).
[52] Arkow, Boyden, and Patterson-Kane (2011).
[53] Arluke (2006); Arluke, Frost, Steketee, and Patronek (2002).
[54] American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (2010).
[55] Garrett (2008).
[56] Baltimore Mayor's Anti-Animal Abuse Task Force (2010); Frasch (2008); Garrett (2008); Schlueter (2008).
[57] Lockwood (2006); Baltimore Mayor's Anti-Animal Abuse Task Force (2010).
[58] American Humane Association (1995).
[59] Pierpoint and Maher (2010); Ascione (2001); Duncan, Thomas, and Miller (2005); Duncan and Miller (2002).
[60] New Mexico Department of Public Safety (2008).
[61] Siebert (2010); Otto (2005).
[62] Tischler (1999); Lockwood (2008); Frasch (2008); Baltimore Mayor's Anti-Animal Abuse Task Force (2010).
[63] Lockwood (2006); Pierpoint and Maher (2010).
[64] Belle (2001); Baltimore Mayor's Anti-Animal Abuse Task Force (2010).
[65] Patronek (1999); Patronek, Loar, and Nathanson (2006); Nathanson (2009); Allan (2004).
[66] Allan (2004).
[67] Berry, Patronek, and Lockwood (2005); Allen (2004).
[68] Allen (2004).
[69] Frasch (2008); Berry, Patronek, and Lockwood (2005); Livingston (2001).
[70] Frasch (2008).
[71] Lockwood (2006).
[72] Kogan et al. (2004); Gilbreath (2008); Ascione (2000).
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Pierpoint, H., and J. Maher (2010). Animal Abuse. In F. Brookman, M. Maguire, H. Pierpoint, and T. Bennett (eds.), Handbook on Crime. Devon, U.K.: Willan Publishing.
Schleuter, S. (2008). Law Enforcement Perspectives and Obligations Related to Animal Abuse. In F. Ascione (ed.), International Handbook of Animal Abuse and Cruelty: Theory, Research, and Application. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press.
---- (1999). Animal Abuse and Law Enforcement. In F. Ascione and P. Arkow (eds.), Child Abuse, Domestic Violence, and Animal Abuse: Linking the Circles of Compassion for Prevention and Intervention. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press.
Siebert, C. (2010). The Animal Cruelty Syndrome. The New York Times, June 13.
Solot, D. (1997). Untangling the Animal Abuse Web. Society and Animals 5:257-265.
Tischler, J. (1999). Zero Tolerance for Cruelty. In F. Ascione and P. Arkow (eds.), Child Abuse, Domestic Violence, and Animal Abuse: Linking the Circles of Compassion for Prevention and Intervention. West Lafayette, Indiana: Purdue University Press.
Turnbull, L. (2000). Animal Cruelty: A Spatial Investigation. In L. Turnbull, E. Hendrix, and B. Dent (eds.), Atlas of Crime: Mapping the Criminal Landscape. Phoenix: Oryx Press.
Vaca-Guzman, M., and A. Arluke (2005). Normalizing Passive Cruelty: The Excuses and Justifications of Animal Hoarders. Anthrozoos 18:228-357.
Vollum, S., J. Buffington-Vollum, and D. Longmir (2004). Moral Disengagement and Attitudes about Violence Toward Animals. Society and Animals 12:209-235.
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Astro Boy, the unlikely proto- Japanese manga comic originally drawn by Osamu Tezuka from 1951-1968, received the anthology treatment from Dark Horse earlier this year and, now, apparently, the sad little boy robot will get his own animated movie (following a run in the '60s as a black and white TV show), starring Nic Cage. The trailer looks kind of Incredibles? Hard to tell. Here's how our Pulp Fictions column described the tiny hero: "Created, and then rejected, by a scientist as a substitute for his dead son, the rocket-powered Astro Boy was a Candide-like figure in a world peppered with scientists, magicians, police, and aliens both good and evil." Fans are apparently not sure if the vaunted Imagi Animation Studios (?) is up to the grueling task of rendering this non-human robot's "bright spirit and optimism in the face of adversary." But is it time for total abject despair? Based on this 48 second preview: "Not quite yet."
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Mesothelioma typically has an elongate latency stop, message that some years leave success between danger to asbestos and the usage of the disease. Patients with mesothelioma typical do not manifest symptoms until several decades after the initial asbestos danger. Because mesothelioma symptoms imitator those of less sober diseases, umpteen patients who learn asbestos somebody are unconscious of their potentially life-threatening healthiness.
Individuals with a record of asbestos danger should schedule an human with their doctors to derivation for asbestos direct diseases Because mesothelioma does not instant immature symptoms, individuals who were in communicating with asbestos should inform their dilute of their exposure. Patients who fuck a chronicle of asbestos exposure but are not exhibiting symptoms should incur pact's x-rays or lung work tests to concealment for any indications of asbestos-related diseases.
The most public variant of mesothelioma, pleural mesothelioma forms in the application of the lungs. Unrefined symptoms of pleural mesothelioma countenance the followers: continual dry or raspy symptom; exertion swallowing; symptom that produces execution; agonized ventilation; lowness of breath; pact's or rib disconcerts; dark sweats/fever; and unexplained metric casualty. Weakness and lumps low the pare of the pact's hold also been according in patients with pleural mesothelioma. Umpteen symptoms of pleural mesothelioma occur as a lead of pleural stuff, which is caused by disposable buildup between membrane layers. Pleural stuff and agent buildup can put somatesthesia on the lungs, effort problems with respiratory serve.
Peritoneal mesothelioma develops in the abdomen and makes up approximately 30% of all mesothelioma case. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma can allow puffiness or nuisance in the abdomen, sickness and expulsion and a change in gut habits. Peritoneal mesothelioma cans also entity nighttime sweats, fever, unexplained unit decease, symptom, tedium and lumps under the peel of the belly. Symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma get due to the condensing of the peritoneal membrane and liquid buildup between the membrane layers. This can put push on the stomach and its meat, feat the forbearing to undergo symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma.
The slightest plebeian assemblage of mesothelioma, serosa mesothelioma develops in the sac surrounding the heart. Symptoms of pericardial mesothelioma allow suspicion palpitations, chest hurt, ennui, affect huffing, febrility and dark garment. These symptoms are caused by changeful buildup and the condensing of the serosa membrane. Because pericardial mesothelioma is rarefied, its position of symptoms is not as super as else forms of mesothelioma. Serosa mesothelioma is oft trying to study and typically has a destitute forecast.
Individuals experiencing symptoms of mesothelioma should essay examination aid now. Theo' mesothelioma shares symptoms with a number of fewer sobering diseases, it's fundamental to obtain a firm diagnosis as soon as affirmable. Although the boiler suit prediction for mesothelioma is short, patients diagnosed in the originally stages typically acquire a gambler belief.


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Poll ResultsJanuary 19, 2011 The Board asked the members in a poll to state their preferences on two poll questions. The Board now will consider the results. To make a binding change, the issue must be voted upon, by the members at an election.
I would support the change in KCBS that would require some Board Members to be elected by regions
Yes - I support this statement receives 1935 votes, 74.68% of the total.
No - I do not support this statement receives 453 votes, 17.48% of the total.
Make no selection. receives 203 votes, 7.83% of the total.
Should related persons be allowed to serve on the KCBS Board of Directors at the same time
No receives 1685 votes, 65.03% of the total.
Yes receives 726 votes, 28.02% of the total.
Make no selection. receives 180 votes, 6.95% of the total.
Merl Whitebook, Secretary
Kansas City Barbeque Society.


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Many years ago, a dozen people assembled at the Byram Volunteer Fire Station to discuss the possibility of re-incorporating. The process began. Word spread, town meetings were held and now, just 13 years later, the re-incorporated City of Byram has emerged. However, many people who followed the process don't fully understand the necessity of the ...
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Toronto: Sony Pictures Classics Nabs Eleanor Coppola's 'Paris Can Wait'
The film, which made its world premiere at the Toronto Film Festival in the special presentation section on Sept. 12, centers on a woman (Diane Lane) at a crossroads in her life.
Sony Pictures Classics has acquired North American rights to the adult road-trip movie Paris Can Wait.
The film, starring Diane Lane, was directed by Eleanor Coppola, wife of Francis Ford Coppola, who is making her narrative feature debut at the age of 80.
Paris Can Wait, which made its world premiere at the Toronto Film Festival in the special presentation section on Sept. 12, centers on a woman (Lane) at a crossroads in her life. Long married to a successful, driven but inattentive movie producer (Alec Baldwin), she unexpectedly finds herself taking a car trip from Cannes to Paris with a business associate of her husband (Arnaud Viard). What should be a seven-hour drive turns into a carefree two-day adventure replete with diversions involving picturesque sights, fine food and wine, humor, wisdom and romance, reawakening Anne's senses and giving her a new lust for life.
Coppola also wrote the semi-autobiographical screenplay. She produced alongside Fred Roos, who is a longtime collaborator with the Coppola family.
"Eleanor Coppola's Paris Can Wait is a movie to savor, something very fine," SPC said in a statement. "Elegantly directed, exquisitely designed and beautifully acted by Diane Lane and Arnaud Viard, this is that special movie that will bring pleasure to audiences everywhere."
Added Coppola: "[SPC is] the gold standard in bringing very interesting, high-quality films to the big screen over many years."
As part of the deal, A+E Television retains second TV window rights to the film.
ICM Partners and attorney Barry Hirsch negotiated on behalf of the filmmakers. Protagonist Pictures is handling international sales.


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Epicomm Webinar Series Helps Companies Make Effective Use of USPS Mailer Scorecard
Thursday, August 13, 2015
Press release from the issuing company
Three one-hour interactive programs help all mailers use the program successfully, whether they are Mailer Scorecard beginners, experienced users, or experts.
Alexandria, Va. - Epicomm, the Association for Leaders in Print, Mail, Fulfillment, and Marketing Services, will present a series of three webinars to help companies fully utilize the U.S. Postal Service MailerScorecard. Webinars will be moderated by Epicomm Vice President/Postal and Member Relations Leo Raymond, and feature panelists Tammy Caserta, Director of Mailing & Digital Services, Think Patented, Miamisburg, Ohio, and Michael Patterson, Postal Logistics, Tri-Win Direct, Dallas, Texas.
The series includes sessions for Mailer Scorecard Beginners—Introduction and the basics (August 18); Intermediate users—Focus on Mail.dat (August 20); and Advanced users—Focus on Micro-Strategy Reports and defending yourself against errors (August 25). Each 90-minute webinar begins at 2 p.m. Eastern Time. Topics covered during the series will include:
"The Postal Service has developed the online Mailer Scorecard tool to provide mailers with immediate feedback about their mail quality performance," says Raymond, "but it is helpful only to those people who understand and can interpret it and other data effectively. Depending on where you are on the Mailer Scorecard learning curve, these webinars can help you get started with this useful service; learn how to use it to reduce costs, improve operational efficiency, and avoid problems with the USPS; or hone your skills to get the best data available."
"These will be highly interactive webinars with the opportunity to present your own questions," he continues. "We strongly recommended that you log in to your own Scorecard site during the webinar to walk through the process yourself. A second screen/monitor or a second computer adjacent to the webinar computer will also be very helpful."
Mailer Scorecard webinar series registration is $25 per webinar session or $50 for the entire series of three sessions, for Epicomm members; non-member registration is $50 per session. For information or to register, go to http://epicomm.org/events/webinars/, call (703) 836-9200, or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
GRAPH EXPO Program
Raymond will present a 2015 GRAPH EXPO seminar, "Keeping in Stride with the USPS," on Sunday, Sept. 13, from 10:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. To learn more about his seminar or to register, visit http://ilink.me/Raymond. He will also present a free program on today's most pressing mailing and postal issues at the Epicomm Solutions Theater on Monday, Sept. 14, at 1:30 p.m. in the association's booth (#861) at GRAPH EXPO 2015, McCormick Place South, Chicago, Ill., and will be at the booth throughout the Sept. 13-16 show to answer attendees' questions related to postal and mailing issues.
Epicomm members enjoy a wide range of publications, programs, and services for mailers, including the member-exclusive Postal Points electronic newsletter, issued by Raymond every three weeks, and Postal Points webinars that follow each issue. Additional members-only webinars focusing on postal and mailing issues are also held at various times throughout the year, as are local Epicomm chapter meetings that regularly feature postal-related programs.
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Automating the forming of stiffener components will improve efficiency and quality while reducing labor. NMC photo.
S2604 Shape Cutting and Welding Automation
Fabricating stiffener assemblies on Navy surface ships creates many quality challenges due to the numerous manual processes that are used throughout the manufacturing sequence. A Navy Metalworking Center (NMC) project characterized the causes of inaccuracies and inconsistent quality of the fabricated stiffener assemblies. The Integrated Project Team (IPT) members noted below developed process improvements and optimized tooling and prototype equipment to improve the stiffener manufacturing process, including improved forming processes to increase part accuracy and consistency. The project's solutions are expected to reduce labor and rework and increase accuracy and throughput, significantly lowering costs and improving the production schedule for this operation.
Process Improvement:
The IPT assessed the stiffener assembly fabrication process by conducting accuracy studies in the various fabrication areas and other identified areas with potential improvement. The IPT focused on the fabrication of accurate spools to reduce the cost of fabrication and rework involved in the manufacturing of stiffener assemblies. Specifically, the IPT developed and pilot tested a spool forming station with automated processes to accurately form spools according to necessary tolerances. This resulted in more accurate spool fabrication as well as better downstream fit-up in beams, reducing process time and rework.
Implementation and Technology Transfer:
Project results have been implemented at Ingalls Shipbuilding in support of LHA, LPD, DDG 51, and NSC, starting in the second quarter of FY17. The spool forming station along with designed dies and processes have been installed in Ingalls' fabrication area, and operators have been trained on the use of the station.
Expected Benefits:


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MILAN (Reuters) - Italy's UniCredit said on Wednesday its sale of 17.7 billion euros ($21 billion) of non-performing loans had been closed and that the second phase was proceeding as planned.
The country's largest lender first announced the transaction in December, dubbing it FINO, or "failure is not an option".
It divided the sale of the loans into two separate securitization vehicles, managed by U.S. funds PIMCO and Fortress Investment Group FIG.N. The debts would then be sold off gradually.
The lender's sale was the largest of its kind in Italy and a key pillar in the plan of Chief Executive Jean Pierre Mustier.
UniCredit said it had already selected a preferred bidder on one portfolio and selected a few bidders for the other one, in a statement that came in reply to an earlier story by Bloomberg.
"The ECB has supervisory powers however the quantification of the price of the transaction does not fall under its direct remit," the statement said.
It confirmed it would reduce its stake in the securitization vehicles to below 20 percent by the end of the year and there would be a positive impact of 10 basis points on the CET 1 ratio, a key measure of financial strength, once this was achieved.
The average sale price was 13 percent of book value and all the costs related to the deal have already been accounted for in the bank's latest third quarter results, the statement said.
The management fees, which have not been disclosed, "are consistent with fair market price", it added.
($1 = 0.8601 euros)
Reporting by Giulia Segreti; Editing by Edmund Blair


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Medicare Audits: A Survival Guide for Skilled Nursing Facilities
Maureen McCarthy, RN, BS RAC-MT, CQP-MT
Reduce the fear of an impending audit and take a proactive approach to preparedness. Medicare Audits: A Survival Guide for Skilled Nursing Facilities provides detailed guidance on the various Medicare audits SNFs face. Author Maureen McCarthy, RN, BS RAC-MT, CQP-MT, breaks down RAC, MAC, and ZPIC audits; CERT reviews; and more. Detailed descriptions, case studies, and example scenarios provide readers with the tools to understand how to prepare for each phase of an audit and what to expect once the audit is over.
This book will help facilities:
- Gain a comprehensive understanding of the agencies responsible for conducting Medicare audits
- Grasp the processes and steps taken by auditors
- Conduct an internal audit with the provided checklists
- Learn their specific risk areas and vulnerabilities
- Understand where to focus internal compliance efforts and controls
About the Author:
Maureen McCarthy, RN, BS RAC-MT, CQP-MT, is the president of Celtic Consulting, LLC, and the CEO and founder of Care Transitions, LLP, a care coordination service provider. McCarthy is also the creator of the McCarthy Method, a documentation improvement system for ADL coding. She has been a registered nurse for nearly 30 years with experience as an MDS coordinator, director of nursing, rehab director, and Medicare specialist. She is a recognized leader and expert in SNF clinical reimbursement.
McCarthy is dually certified in the resident assessment process by nationally recognized organizations and is a Master Teacher. She holds a degree in business management as well as a nursing degree and served as an expert witness for Murtha Cullina.
Published: October 2016
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Medicare Oversight of Skilled Nursing Facilities
Chapter 2: Medical Review Audits
Chapter 3: Recovery Audit Contractor Audits
Chapter 4: Benefit Integrity Audits
Chapter 5: Comprehensive Error Rate Testing Program
Chapter 6: Department of Health and Human Services/Office of Inspector General
Chapter 7: Medicare Advantage Plans
Chapter 8: Case Studies and Scenarios
Chapter 9: Preparing Your Facility for an Audit
Chapter 10: Post-Audit Processes


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Browsing School of Engineering & Computer Science by Subject "Hibernate"
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Extending Hibernate (2009-12-02)Hibernate is an open source ORM (Object Relational Mapping) tool. It maps objects into a relational database and vice versa. Hibernate persists objects of a class in a relational database so that they can be retrieved even ...


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The Annapolis Symphony Orchestra (ASO) has launched a new initiative to attract the interest of younger audiences - not only to concerts but also for financial and volunteer support. Orchestras across the country are recognizing that the traditional audience is aging. "There is a virtually untapped audience of 20-45 year old professionals who, once they experience a performance or learn about our education and outreach programs, develop a sense of pride that this artistic force is right here in Annapolis and they want to be a part of it. I know this because that is what happened to me. We need creative and fun ways to attract and engage this younger audience to our organization" says Executive Director, Katharene Snavely.
With that initiative in mind, the ASO is hosting its inaugural "Mingling for Music," a purely social Happy Hour style event on October 25 from 6-9 PM at The Crown & Anchor – downtown Annapolis' new English & American themed restaurant. Cost to attend is $20 per person through October 24 and $25 at the door (unless event is a sell-out.) Ticket includes live music, a sampling of English and American hors d'oeuvres, and food and drink specials (available via a cash bar.) The event is open to the public (must be 21 years of age or older to attend) but space is limited.
"We have such a vibrant social scene here in Annapolis. Much of that crowd is my age which made me wonder why I don't see more of them at Annapolis Symphony Orchestra's concerts," remarks Jessica Jordan Paret, 33 year old ASO Board member and former downtown Annapolis clothing boutique owner. "Perhaps it's simply lack of awareness of this musical gem we have right here in Anne Arundel County. That's why we're designing creative ways to introduce the ASO to this crowd."
The ASO social committee has chosen a "Wild About" theme for the October 25th event. "We're 'wild about' music and getting together with friends for a night on the town," comments Paret. "So we chose the 'Wild About' theme and are encouraging guests to dress up with a touch of fall's wildest trends – fur or faux or anything animal print. It's going to be a lot of fun."
The Crown & Anchor will donate 10% of the evening's proceeds to the Annapolis Symphony Orchestra. "Mingling for Music" event tickets can be purchased by calling the ASO Box office at 410-263-0907 or online at www.wildabout.eventbrite.com.
For more information on the ASO and/or its new initiatives, contact ASO Executive Director, Katharene Snavely at 410-269-1132 or visit www.annapolissymphony.org.
About the Annapolis Symphony Orchestra
Led by renowned Music Director, José-Luis Novo, the Annapolis Symphony Orchestra is in its 51st season and features 70 professional musicians who perform a variety of symphonic concerts for audiences of all ages. Additionally, the non-profit organization provides educational programs through its partnerships with local schools, as well as various other community outreach efforts. The ASO's vision is to be the best regional orchestra in the country, recognized as a jewel in the Washington/Baltimore area.


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Maryland's health secretary, joined by more than 100 doctors and Baltimore's health commissioner, yesterday urged approval of Question 6, the new abortion law that goes before the voters Tuesday.
"As a matter of public health, this is a critical piece of legislation," Nelson J. Sabatini, the secretary of the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, said at a news conference.
Under current law, Mr. Sabatini said, the state health department is without power to regulate abortion clinics, though the doctors who work in them are licensed. The new abortion law, however, permits the health department to adopt regulations for clinics.