text: I'm deciding between a Dinc2 and DX2 and pretty much the only thing keeping me from deciding is negative comments about blur. I have used an OG droid (current phone), and messed with an evo 4g and a droid x so I don't have extensive use of either sense or blur, but sense seemed waaay smoother and user friendly than blur. I've heard blur can slow your phone down, I don't want a dual core processor if it is laggy because of Blur, it defeats the purpose. I will almost positively use launcher pro if I get an X2, but I don't know if that will necessarily help I just want a phone that can smoothly do every day tasks with minimal hangups, while running a live wallpaper. I'm a big advocate of the fact that specs on paper, and how the phone actually runs are two different things. so I guess my question is - is blur enough of a hindrance that getting a less powerful HTC device would be the better decision? In short, I just want a phone that does what I need it to.

subset: commoncrawl


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ERIC Number: ED199007
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1978
Pages: 162
Abstractor: N/A
Reference Count: 0
Cuentos Folkloricos Mexicanos para Todos los Ninos. Serie de Literatura Bilingue para Ninos (Folkloric Tales from Mexico for All Children. Children's Bilingual Literature Series).
Ponce, Suanna Gilman
Six short Mexican folk tales for children are presented in Spanish and English. Each version is presented in its own booklet. The stories are illustrated with full-page black and white drawings. "The Man Who Owned the Bees" is a story about four boys who encounter Xachan'achin, the owner of the bees in the forest. "The Magic Lady of the Water" is a tale about a poor unloved boy who is aided by the Water Princess. "The People Find Their Home" is the legendary story of the founding of Tenochtitlan (now Mexico City). In "How Cats Were Made," a cat molded out of clay to ward off a mysterious night visitor turns into a real cat and begins chasing mice. "The Monkey, the Buzzard, and the Eagle" is the story of three men who are punished or rewarded for their deeds by being turned into animals. In "How the Lizard Found the Sun," the puzzle of the mysterious disappearance of the sun is solved by the lizard who finds a strange glowing rock. (SB)
Descriptors: Animals, Bilingual Education, Bilingual Instructional Materials, Childrens Literature, Cultural Background, Elementary Education, English, Folk Culture, Legends, Mexican American Education, Mexicans, Reading Materials, Spanish, Tales
B.M.P. Inc., P.O. Box 9337, North Berkeley Station, Berkeley, CA 94709 ($28.00 per set of 12).
Publication Type: Guides - Classroom - Learner; Creative Works; Translations
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: EnglishSpanish
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: Bilingual Media Productions, Inc., Berkeley, CA.
Note: Paper copy not available due to publisher's choice.


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Post free ads in Abilene, USA: Adshouse.org classified ads are an exciting addition to our current Auction-style and listing formats, and will give you more options to buy and sell in these categories. Classified ads in Abilene is probably the most common source where unemployed people go to, to look for new jobs and to earn income. If you don't found anything on this website you can try searching on Craigslist in Abilene. Our support: firstname.lastname@example.com
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13 December


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Sunday, February 19, 2017
In fact, appearance of symptoms can range from a few days to 70 days, and occasionally even longer. Or, you may have Listeriosis but not really feel sick at all. So what should you be on the lookout for?
If you are a relatively healthy adult, who is not pregnant, you may come down with fever, nausea, stiff neck, weakness, diarrhea and muscle aches. You may not have all these symptoms and you could dismiss it a case of the flu. In fact symptoms of a Listeria infection can be so mild that you won't notice them at all. That is the case if you are pregnant. Sadly, the baby may die before birth or come down with a life-threatening infection soon after birth. The symptoms in a newborn may be quite mild too and easily confused with some other problem. Perhaps nothing more than a little irritability, fever, little interest in feeding and some vomiting.
While most Listeria infections in adults tend to be very mild, they can get serious for older people or those with a weakened immune system, leading to complications such as septicemia or meningitis. So do be careful, particularly if you are in a high risk group. Right now, you should be checking any cheeses in your refrigerator against those that are being recalled (press the Recall link on this blog).
Labels: cheese recall, illness, Listeriosis, risk to pregnant women, risk to seniors, symptoms, symptoms in newborn, symptoms of listeria infection
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Because it seems pretty frivolous to me.
"I couldn't wait to load and play Tomb Raider when it first came out, but when I saw Lara, I just couldn't take the game seriously. The giant twin pyramids mounted onto her chest look like something she could use to impale her enemies. In many ways her kick-butt presence is a triumph, but the designers' decision to sexualize her to the point of deformity angered me. I couldn't get past her proportions, so I put the game away. I'm waiting to see if Lara (or her designers) will evolve in future versions of the game."


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Warming of the blind area and the ground floor - one morean important detail in the thermal insulation of the house foundation. This set of measures will significantly reduce the cost of payment of utility bills for heating, as well as eliminate the possibility of vertical movement due to the blind area of soil freezing. Of course, you can argue that just enough insulation walls of the house, but even if for this purpose to use the most efficient thermal insulation material, it still will be formed thermal bridges at floor level. The reason for their occurrence is that the thermal conductivity of construction materials (brick, wood, concrete) is much higher than that of the insulation, and the basement of the house and cellar are also non-insulated, which promotes the outflow of heat through the floor. Therefore, it is necessary to insulate the foundation.
- Warming of the blind area - from start to finish
- Insulation, made with polyurethane foam
- Styrofoam or foam as insulation
- Thermal insulation cap - ready for winter
- Insulated with polystyrene foam base
- Alternative options for increasing the thermal insulation
Warming of the blind area - from start to finish
In general, the blind area - a concrete strip,located along the entire perimeter of the building and protect it from the ravages of foundation moisture. But this element of any country house is not as simple as it seems at first glance.
The main difficulty in the construction of the blind areaIt is not in the process, and the calculations that depend on several factors - such as soil removal and width eaves. For example, in the conventional soils width of the blind area should be 20-25 cm more than the eaves of the roof, and if the building is built on subsiding soils, whereas the width of blind area must be at least 90 cm.
Insulate blind area can be different materials, but by far the most popular are polyurethane and polystyrene.
Insulation, made with polyurethane foam
Polyurethane foam - sprayed insulation material, which is characterized by extreme longevity, low coefficient of thermal conductivity and high biological and chemical stability.
Apply polyurethane foam directly on the rubble, which had previously been filled around the perimeter of the building.
Important: Do not apply polyurethane foam on a sandy base, as the pressure created in the gun for spraying, so strong that it can blow the sand.
The thickness of the foam layer, may in principlebe any, but for insulation of the blind area will be enough 5-7 cm, because even the most basic layer of 5 cm to successfully cope with the task entrusted to him - the removal of soil freezing. This trouble (if suddenly it happened) could lead to the formation of cracks in the foundation, the vibration of the blind area, and the penetration of moisture into the building. Thanks to polyurethane foam can avoid such things, and besides, due to the fact that it is applied seamlessly and absolutely waterproof, you can not worry about waterproofing.
Styrofoam or foam as insulation
This method is relatively simple and insulationcheap. foam sheets are stacked on or gravel, roofing felt or to (depending on what you are using). For greater durability and reliability they can coat adhesive composition, and the joints are recommended zapenit assembly foam - so no water gets inside. Over the polystyrene plates is filled with sand or soil and compacted. And then it all depends on your preference - or you will flood all the concrete, or roll up the asphalt or zadekoriruete stones and boulders, or leave it as is.
Thermal insulation cap - ready for winter
But the cap will require a bit of insulationmore time and takes a lot of effort. Generally, the base - is the upper part of the foundation, which rises above the ground about half a meter. Base is located in a humid environment, so it is best used construction dense materials: burnt bricks, concrete blocks, etc., and to its cladding - plaster, ceramic tiles or slabs made of natural or artificial stone. Insulated socket also need to mind. Most often used for these purposes, extruded polystyrene foam, which even in a humid environment having a high thermal insulation characteristics.
Insulated with polystyrene foam base
For insulation cap will be enough to buy sheets of styrofoam 10 cm thick. So proceed.
To begin with deep dig a trench around0.3-0.4 meters around the perimeter of the house. Then you need to cast a tie of expanded clay, which makes its own, based on the following formula: 1 part of cement, 6 pieces of expanded clay, 3 parts sand, 0.8 parts of water and a tablespoon of shower gel or any liquid soap.
Bay tie the bottom of the trench, and, giving herdry, begin to install the insulation sheets, which for greater strength adhesive grease composition and fastened to the cap. No matter how we tried to slit still will be, but they can be removed with foam.
Important: do not forget that when you install penopolitsirolnyh boards need to take into account all technological holes (sewage pipes, ventilation, etc.) and make cutouts in the appropriate places, or to set mortgages tubes and other elements that will be stretched across the engineering networks.
Another very important point that should not bewatch out: if the house is no basement, but there is a small cellar, which you can not use, it is necessary to leave the holes (air holes) for ventilation. With the onset of cold weather, these holes closed with plugs, and their spring open. Just do not forget about it, because if the street has long been zero temperature, and in the cellar are still "winter", then there is bound to accumulate a lot of condensate, which, as we know, no good will not.
After securing the sheets of expanded polystyrene, it lubricatesadhesive surface to better claydite stuck. Next we are building formwork and pour all of the prepared solution. As a result, we will get a fully insulated and reliably protected from moisture and rodents base that will serve you for decades. And to make you happy, not only heat, but also the appearance of the basement of the house, it can be finished with decorative plaster, facing and clinker brick, tile or natural stone.
For trim cap It needs reinforcing mesh and the actual selfmaterial. Dowels fixed on the heater grid and further to the adhesive or sand and concrete mix sadim facing material. For better adhesion to it on the polystyrene foam insulation sheets can be made small incisions.
Important: make sure that the dowels included in the wall, otherwise all the work on the decoration of the cap will come to nothing - all just drop off your beauty with a heater.
Alternative options for increasing the thermal insulation
Apart from polystyrene base can be insulated andfoam, and it can be both in sheets and in crushed form, and polyurethane foam. But in the old days for the insulation of the lower part of the house constructed stone ledge, which, incidentally, can be found today, if you delve further into the province. Zavalinka was a formwork or fence that was placed at a distance of 40-50 cm from the walls of the house. The space between the wall and the fence was filled with straw or a mixture of clay and straw with the addition of sand. Of course, to get energy-efficient house with the help of this method it was impossible, but the floor is not drawn.
To summarize, insulation cap and blind area -necessity than a whim of the owner of the house. Some would argue that these events - is unreasonable waste of time, effort and money, but the fact remains - all who are insulated foundation, and with it the base and blind area, noticed the positive results already in the first winter.


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Next Meetup
What we're about
MISSION: We are a global community of leading-edge explorers, interested in spiritual self-empowerment concepts such as the Law of Attraction, higher consciousness and energy. We are forward-focused, supportive, inclusive and positive in nature and choose to take responsibility for everything we attract into our lives.
MONTHLY MEETINGS: We host a Monthly Meeting where we discuss leading-edge concepts such as the Law of Attraction, connecting with your Inner Guidance, Manifestation, Relationship and Health. Anyone can attend our Monthly Meetings by paying cash at the door (membership is not required).
MEMBERSHIP: There are a number of benefits to joining the group:
• Discount on Monthly Meetings
• Private Facebook group
• Watch Monthly Meetings via Facebook Live
• Social gatherings, parties and potlucks
• Deep Dive Roundtable meetings (addn'l charge)
• Community outreach programs
There's a nominal membership fee to join the group which is billed annually.
You can test us out for 60 days before deciding whether to pay the membership fee.
Read more here: http://psclub.me/about
Join us here: http://psclub.me
We look forward to meeting you soon!
Kevin & Suzanne Young


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German initiative to double bicycling
Germany's ruling socialist (SPD) and Green parties have launched an initiative to double the share of transport taken by cycling by 2010. The proposals, which would be implemented by central, state and municipal governments, will be debated in parliament on Thursday. Supporters emphasise the environmental, health and economic benefits of cycling and recommend it plays a bigger role in an integrated transport policy. They say growth in cycling should be achieved on existing roads rather than by building dedicated cycle paths and that the interface with public transport must be improved. See press release.
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Only one third of this year's university graduates expect to find a graduate level job when they finish their courses and those that do expect to be paid less.
The survey of 16,000 final year students, conducted by High Fliers Research in March, found that only 36 per cent of respondents expected to find a graduate job once their studies are completed.
According to the survey many final students are "gloomy" about the prospects of finding work, with many believing available graduate jobs will go to those who graduated in 2009 and have yet to find a job.
Non-vocational students with little or no work experience were found to be the least optimistic about their chances of finding a job.
The study found that a quarter of final year students are planning to stay at their universities to study post-graduate courses, eight per cent said they would find temporary or voluntary work, 16 per cent intend to take time off or travel and 14 per cent have yet to make a decision about what they will do.
Only a quarter of arts and humanities students said they expected to find a graduate job, compared with 47 per cent of IT students, 54 per cent of business or finance students and 57 per cent of engineering students. Less than half of humanities students are planning on looking for a graduate job and instead intend to take time off or do temporary work.
Around 45 per cent of university leavers said the prospects for new graduates are "very limited", the highest for 15 years. Meanwhile less than one in six are "very confident" about getting a job offer before they graduate.
Pay expectations among new graduates also fell for the second year running, with most graduates expecting to earn an average of £22,000 for their first job, down 3.1 per cent from 2008.
Martin Birchall, Managing Director of High Fliers Research, said, "Our latest survey shows that final year students due to leave UK universities this summer are just as pessimistic about their employment prospects as those who graduated twelve months ago. The recession may be officially over, but with a record number of students due to complete degrees in the coming weeks and tens of thousands of last year's graduates still looking for work, there is widespread concern on campus that competition for graduate jobs has never been fiercer.
"The research highlights that students from arts & humanities courses and those who've had little or no work experience during their time at university are the least confident about the future and expect to earn almost £50,000 less than graduates with business, finance or law degrees during their first five years of employment."


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Experimental 1964 Rear Engine Corvette Prototype XP-819 Shows Its Stuff at Amelia Island
In 1964, Chevy engineers imagined hanging an aluminium Corvette engine off the back of the frame as part of an engineering study on safety and crash zones. Zora wasn't really on board with the project until Larry Shinoda penned a design that many claim was the genesis for the C3 Corvette. The result was XP-819, a radical looking rear wheel drive prototype.
The Corvette was famously wrecked on the GM proving grounds after a tire test and while it was put back together, Chevy pretty much washed it hands of XP-819 after the accident and moved on in developing several other notable rear-engine prototypes.
Chevrolet Chief Bunkey Knudsen sent the Corvette down to stock car builder Smokey Yunick's garage in Daytona Beach with instructions to cut it up and strip whatever parts he wanted. The Corvette's frame was chopped in half, usable parts were salvaged and the rest of the car was dumped unceremoniously in an old paint booth.
Several years later, Corvette collector Steve Tate was in Smokey's shop and recognized the pile of parts for being a Chevy XP car. He bought the Corvette from Yunick and had it reassembled. The car was then sold several times and for a while it was on display at the National Corvette Museum in Bowling Green, KY.
Mid America Motorworks Founder Mike Yager purchased XP-819 in 2002 and for the last two years, the Corvette has been in shop of Kevin Mackay's Corvette Repair, Inc. in Valley Stream, NY.
On Saturday's Amelia Island Concours D?Elegance, XP-819 made its public debut as a drivable chassis on the greens of the Ritz Carlton. ?Chief Cheerleader? Mike Yager drove the experimental chassis himself with Kevin Mackay riding shotgun.
The restoration has been a challenge according to Mackay, whose shop is known undertaking rare and and unique Corvette projects and returning them to like-new condition. Luck was on their side when a one-inch binder containing photos and engineering designs for XP-819 was passed along Yager. Still, because many of the parts have the ?0″ code for experimental, Mackay and his team have had to fabricate many of the new parts by hand.
With the Corvette now in a driveable state, Yager and Mackay plan to show it without its body on for the next year or two so that Corvette enthusiasts can see the engineering details and what Chevy was trying to accomplish with the prototype.
Here is 1964 Corvette Prototype XP-819 at Amelia Island's Concours D?Elegance:
Check back later this week for an exclusive interview with Mike Yager and Kevin Mackay about XP-819.
Content provided by CorvetteBlogger.com


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GIORGIO OF BEVERLY HILLS hand beaded with glass beagle beads..open U back outlines with multi rows of beads.
Bodice features a double sewn in lining. There is also a separate sheer chocolate petticoat which is the same fabric as the sewn in lining. There is a hand-sewn false hem. The sleeves are fitted with a metal YKK zippered cuff [3.5"].
There are 3 double loops at waist for hanging garment and a 12" metal back zipper.
Here are the measurements:
Shoulder-to Shoulder....15"
Overall Length....55.5"
Sleeve length....22"
Hem Bottom Width....70".
This dress in in excellent vintage condition. Due to storage I suggest cleaning.
5 other shoppers have this item in their Cart or Wish List


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Yeah, we got to play hockey in April because it was still that cold. You can hate on the weather, but that's pretty cool. Haha.. Cool..
Now, this is a big deal because the ice at the Creelman Rink isn't artificial, it's real, pure, honest to goodness, natural ice. Sure, everyone was probably sick of the weather in Saskatchewan, but it was pretty great to be able to say we played hockey in the middle of April in Creelman.
But we've had our fun, so it can get warmer any day now for the farmers to start seeding..
Life is Good.


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The poetic and iconoclastic lights of Bohemia have been dimmed in this interpretation of the original play by Ramon Valle-Inclan. Set at the turn of the 20th century in Madrid, the focus is on a perpetual drunk, the blind Max Estrella (Francisco Rabal) and his verses, sayings, and total disregard for his wife and daughter as he pursues both the bottle and the muse. His friend, Don Latino (more
All Luces de Bohemia cast + crew photos
Movies.com, the ultimate source for everything movies, is your destination for new movie trailers, reviews, photos, times, tickets + more! Stay in the know with the latest movie news and cast interviews at Movies.com.
Copyright © 2018 FANDANGO MOVIES.


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Inventev invited to present at the North American International Auto Show and Crain's Detroit Business - Ignition 2015 on Wednesday, January 14, 2015 from 9:00 a.m. - 11:30 a.m. at Cobo Center
Inventev delivers mobile power generation using an innovative Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) commercial truck architecture. We are developing and applying our key next-gen propulsion and controls technology to OEM-branded trucks creating electrically-biased drive systems. Our market focus is on medium duty classes 2B to 5 (such as F250/350/450/550; 2500/3500; etc.) where many work trucks carry cargo or perform job site tasks. In addition to typical operating (fuel and maintenance) savings, Inventev's approach minimizes the electrification capital cost by...[Read more...]
440 Burroughs, Suite 661, Detroit, MI 48202-3429
Copyright 2016. Inventev. All rights reserved.


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Ernie's gems
The Ernie Els Signature, which is a classic Bordeaux-style red blend
The Proprietors range includes a reserve Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and the Proprietors Blend containing all six of the red varieties on the property.
The Single Varieties range contains a Cabernet Sauvignon, a Merlot and Sauvignon Blanc.
The Big Easy range is the most popular range and contains a delicious Mediterranean-style red blend, a summery Big Easy Rosé, and the Big Easy white, a fruity and crisp Chenin Blanc.
Click here to see the published article.


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We all have things we like, or that we prefer. I'm a Chevy kind of guy, but that doesn't mean that I hate Ford or other types of cars, although I've seen some car enthusiasts take it to extremes. Video games aren't without its fair share of fanboys, don't get confused and think that everyone is a fanboy, or that if you like one console more than another that you're a fanboy, it doesn't work like that. Having been gaming since the 1980′s, I can't recall ever being around gamer's who argued more or could be so vicious and spiteful. Has this console generation which has seen so many ups and downs bred the worst group of gaming fanboys ever?
How dare the very media that created the polarization have the gall to even ask this question?
Yes. It wasn't like this last generation. Or any generation before.
I think a big part of it, is the media and it's constant comparison style review, all the blatant fanboyism articles and blogs passed of as real journalism and even worst the metacritic and the score being more important than the actually review itself.
Another thing which all companies can be blamed for, some more than others, is Timed DLC, exclusive content and hurting the game industry and the integrity of it by trying to coax gamers to sway to one side. It should be like it used to be...every console/PC had a great deal of exclusives so owning all was easy choice and playing on all was pure fun. There wasn't a childish war. It never was an issue with a console being better because they had extra content. I mean that has to stop. That is ruining gaming and the experience for everyone. To think..."My system is better than yours because my version of the game is more complete that yours." Who is really getting hurt? How in the hell can developers even allow that. It just seems wrong in my opinion.
Explains too why the world can't except games as art, with the way people treat the industry.
I have a finger to point and blame, but in light of the subject...I won't say. Those responsible know who they are.
I own both HD consoles, I don't really prefer one over the other but I have an opinion and apparently you can't win either way
Hear hear! People need to stfu and play. Have fun with the system you own and don't worry about what machine someone else is gaming on.
Yup. Plain and simple. Last gen was so nice, gamers did not boycott companies and refuse to play any games made by said company.


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Unfortunately this doctor presents as unbelievable naïve with regards to mental health issues. She comes across as arrogant and appears to believe she has the ability to assess a patient, regarding mental health, in a five minute appointment, who has already seen many GPs and had a number of hours with psychiatrists, better than those more qualified doctors have been able to, when really she would do better to simply observe their recommendations, and not try, as a GP with five minutes time, to second guess psychiatrists with the luxury of hours of time. Additionally, this doctor also appears frightened of a very useful drug, diazepam. Whilst there are reasons to be a cautious, to some extent, with this drug, it is extremely useful, and in times of extreme mental difficulties, specifically acute anxiety episodes, is crucial to protect the patient. Acute anxiety is far more dangerous than diazepam. A doctor who is generally reluctant to prescribe diazepam for extreme anxiety, is a doctor who may be risking the life of their patient. I also got the impression that she may have a 'chip on her shoulder', and holds little respect for the opinions raised by patients. I have to say that I found that this doctor did not appear to comprehend the seriousness of my condition. I saw an alternative GP very shortly after this who understood properly.
Short link to review Dr Helen Redman: http://iwgc.net/eeec3


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NEW YORK — Facebook rolled out new tools for advertisers Wednesday as it prepares to go public later this year in the largest flotation ever by an Internet company on Wall Street.
Among the marketing opportunities unveiled at an event held by Facebook at the Museum of Natural History was the possibility for ads on mobile devices — a so-far untapped revenue source for the California-based social network.
Facebook has more than 850 million members and they are increasingly accessing the social networking site on mobile devices.
Facebook executives announced three initiatives — Facebook Pages, Reach Generator and Premium on Facebook — which they said were "designed to be used together to drive business results."
Facebook Pages allow businesses or brands to use the new timeline feature introduced recently to individual users, and overhauls the overall presentation of the page.
With Reach Generator, Facebook said businesses and brands will be able to connect with more of their fans.
"Reach Generator guarantees that you reach 75 percent of your fans each month and an estimated 50 percent of fans each week in a simple, always-on way," Facebook said.
"Fans will see your message as a sponsored story on the right-hand side of their homepage or in their news feed on desktop or mobile," it said.
Facebook said Premium lets businesses or brands "engage and influence people in the most impactful places on Facebook" — the right-hand side of the homepage or the news feed on desktops and mobile devices.
Facebook said users of the social network who are not fans of a particular business or brand will see an ad on the right-hand side of their homepage.
"For your fans, your story will appear as a sponsored story on the right-hand side and it can also appear in news feed on both desktop and mobile," Facebook said.
Facebook filed in February for an initial public offering seeking to raise at least $5 billion.


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Yeh Vaada Raha 13th November 2015 Written Episode Update
Yeh Vaada Raha 13th November 2015 Written Episode, Written Update on TellyUpdates.com
Scene 1:
Location: Kartik's residence
Kartik asks how could she do it, and he admits its his fault, but all saw what she was doing, and how she was talking against tai. Lata tries to speak, but tai stops her saying that this isnt the time for talking, but to search for survi, as in this big city, she might face many problems, pretending to be concerned for her. he says that he wont let anything happen to her, and rushes out to search. lata tries to go after him, but tai stops her. tai reprimands her for being oversmart and asks if she wishes to expose her, and it feels she has forgotten the death attempt at him, and this time, he wont be able to dodge the bullet, and asks her to go and say it now. tai warns her that she shall kill him, if she opens her mouth. lata is scared.
Location: On the road
Kartik drives frantically, as he continues to search for her, while remembering the way he behaved with her. he tries to find out about her from people, but in vain. he gets raghu's call, who also disappointedly says that she wasnt found, and noone even saw her. He is tensed as to where he might have gone.
Scene 3:
Location: Kartik's residence
kartik comes back, and tai immediately rushes to him, asking about her. raghu tells that police has been informed and they shall find her. tai says that she didnt expect this from her, as she did this, after he did so much for her, just because she got slapped. He says that he has promised srikant, and wonders where she might be. While he is tensed with lata, tai and others, wondering where would survi be in this big city, kartik is shocked to hear srikant's voice, cheerfully hollering to survi, as he arrives inside the house with his bag and baggage. All are shocked and stunned. Srikant excitedly says that his punishment was spared, and that this is all due to him. he asks srikant why he didnt call. srikant says that he wanted to surprise him. he then comes to tai and extends his greetings, while she remembers her husband's murder and sits resignedly on the sofa. He then turns to lata, and greets him too. He is shocked to see kartik's lavish and grand lifestyle, and thanks the lord. he then asks where is survi and if she is sleeping in the room. they are all tensed, while kartik is quiet. Srikant asks him to speak up as to whats the matter. he tells srikant that she isnt at home, as she left the house. srikant asks why he didnt stop her and if he didnt stop her. kartik tells everything, and clarifies that he merely asked her to go to her room. Srikant is frustrated and asks him to stop, as its enough, and he doesnt want any justifications, as he has never spoken to her in high tone, and he had the guts to slap her, and reminds him of the promise he made, and asks him if he didnt want to take responsibility, then why did he take. kartik says that he is right and he shouldnt have slapped her, and thats his mistake. Srikant says that its a crime not a mistake, of separating him from his daughter. he begs for sometime to search her back. srikant says that he wouldnt have been at home had he been concerned. raghu says that they have informed the police. srikant says that he saw today how money changes everything, as this isnt the kartik who he knew, the person who loved everyone, helped everyone and puts others needs before his, but this one knows how to mint money and doesnt care and value relationships. He tries to speak, but srikant stops him from taking her name, and says that all ties to him and his daughter are broken, and that he frees him from his promise. he says that he is leaving for a new life, away from kartik's fake concern and care. Finally, tai gets up and asks him to shut up, and speaks for kartik, telling how he searched when they vanished, and that he doesnt even know that he has made them his partner in business and house, and then being blamed for not being able to fulfill relations. srikant asks what would he do with all this, and he doesnt need a penny, as his real property, survi is not here, and that kartik's chapter is forever closed from his life. he says that he shall himself search survi, and he doesnt need a kartik for that. kartik is tensed, while he storms out. He too hastens to the room. tai and vishakha along with tai's children are amused. lata wonders where is tai going and she shall have to find out. she indiscreetly follows her, as she gets in the car and drives off, signalling srikant to come aside. he agrees. lata wonders that she shall trap srikant too. she rushes after him, who takes an auto, and follows tai. she too takes the auto and goes behind them
Scene 4:
Location: Isolated building.
First srikant, and then lata arrive after tai. he goes up to the roof of the building, and finds survi with tai. She rushes to him, as they have an overwhelming reunion, full of emotions, as they both hug each other. tai then disrupts them asking if they have had enough emotions, and says that she told survi that she shall have a surprise gift at the right time, as she helped her, and she got him back to her. lata hears all this intently. he tells tai that he did exactly what she wanted but now he wants to go away from this world of crime, with his daughter. tai says that there's noone to stop her, and she wont stop them too. lata decides to call kartik here. tai tells survi and srikant, that she wishes everyone good, and wants everyone's good, and if they favour her a little, then why are they bothered. Lata calls kartik and tells that survi has been found. he asks her how is she. lata tells him to come immediately and gives the address. he asks whats the matter. She says that she cant explain on the phone, and asks him to rush and arrive. he complies. Meanwhile, tai tells srikant, that one thing for survi is that she learnt a good lesson at this young age, of not interefering in others' life, as it always backfires. He asks survi to come along. But tai tells him that she had promised herself to get free from all problems. tai then says that kartik feels innocently that whatever he did, is due to srikant, and made him a business partner of 50%, and now she shall rectify it. she ahdns him the papers to sign off. He says that they are blank stamp papers. She says that she shall decide it right when the time comes, as to what to write. He resignedly signs off. She is overjoyed, and then tells survi to remember her promise, as if she forgets then kartik is dead. She then asks them to go. he begins to leave with survi. Tai is overjoyed, while lata hears all this and is shocked. She says that she shall have to stop them both anyhow, as if they do, only then, tai shall be exposed. she turns around to find tai confronting her. tai wrenches her hand, and asks when did she get so gutsy, that she is daring. Lata frees her hand and says that its enough, as she isnt scared of her anymore, and that the child who considered her more than mother, she is betraying him. she says that kartik did everything and delivered all responsibility, but still had to listen to so much due to her, as he is broken from inside, but she wont let that happen, as she shall tell him the truth, that whatever wrong has happened in his life, is due to her. tai again threatens her of kartik's murder, but she says that the lord decides people's life's end, not evil like her. She says that she shall speak now, and not let survi and kartik be separate. tai says that survi is innocent, and doesnt have the knowledge, as she fell in love with him, but hope that she isnt that naive. lata says that they are good friends, and even if survi is in love with him, she doesnt mind that, as she wont get a better bahu than her for kartik. Tai says that this is right, but its a little late. lata tells that it isnt late. Lata confronts and tells tai, that he shall knwo the truth today, as she has called him already, and he shall be here any minute now. tai is shocked to hear this. meanwhile, kartik's car pulls up outside. survi who is leaving with srikant, sees him and rushes to go to him. Srikant stops her. He reminds her that one mistake, shall kill kartik, and its good that they leave, for his benefit. She watches him helplessly as he drives inside. Just then, survi's dupatta flies off due to the wind, and into the sky, and falls right on her face, due to which he doesnt see her, as their moments rewind back. Srikant asks her to come along. tai says that this is kalyug and in this world, evil decides who lives and who dies. just then, kartik hollers for tai, and she is shocked. Lata happily turns around on the roof, to find that he has come. Tai says that she has decided that she shall die. Angry and furious, tai gives her a push and she falls from the roof, onto the ground, hitting her head hard and sustaining severe brain injury. he turns around and is shocked to see her. He is shocked as he turns her over and sees the blo*dy mess. tai eyes them furiously from above. He screams for help, distraught and berserk. The screen freezes on their. tai and survi's faces.
Precap: After 8 years, survi is grown up, and is praying in the temple, while kartik too has become a businessman, as he pulls up outaside the same temple. Someone calls for survi, and she turns around, surprised to see who is it.
Update Credit to: Rimjhim


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The citizen committee formed to craft a list of county capital projects for a 1-cent special-purpose local-option sales tax referendum has made its recommendations to the Barrow County Board of Commissioners.
However, the roughly $30 million list doesn't include a proposed $3 million build-out of the Barrow County Detention Center. The panel of more than a dozen residents held its fifth meeting over the past eight months Monday night as a four-member project recommendation subcommittee presented its recommended list of projects, based largely off a prioritizing of projects the committee did at its April 10 meeting.
The projects are divided into four broad categories: public works and utilities, leisure services, emergency services and sheriff's office capital needs. Subcommittee spokeswoman Stephanie Bramlett said the subcommittee was concerned about recommending $3 million for the detention center build-out — which would include a new 64-bed pod aimed at addressing crowding concerns and separating violent from nonviolent inmates — due to a staffing shortage of around a dozen employees the sheriff's office is currently experiencing.
"We felt like $3 million to finish out that pod when they don't have the staff to oversee it was a little bit frivolous," said Bramlett, a local realtor and Barrow County Chamber of Commerce ambassador to the county.
SPLOST panel recommends list of county capital projects
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Norways unspoiled natural waters are overflowing with deep, cold, clear, fjords which have made Norway one of the worlds foremost fishing nations. The Salmon we distribute come from these waters and are reared under ideal conditions giving Norwegian Salmon its unique quality and taste. Chefs from around the world vie for this species as the scrupulous quality controls satisfies even the most accomplished standards. The distinct taste and delicate colour of the fish is the basis for many luxuriant dishes. Europa distributes Norwegian Salmon under the brand name Classic. This premium grade Salmon is produced by Gjendomsjo Fisk in Brattvag, Norway. The Salmon is smoked using a long-standing traditional family recipe. This product differs from other Smoked Salmon products as it combines a unique smoky taste without the added saltiness. Classic Smoked Salmon is trimmed to have very little brown meat and belly fat. With its fine slicing, customers are able to get maximum value out of each pack.
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Turbine Runner Procurement for the Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant Upgradeby J. Howe, C.T. Main Inc, United States,
R. Knowlton, C.T. Main Inc, United States,
P. Ludewig, C.T. Main Inc, United States,
J. Schmieder, C.T. Main Inc, United States,
Document Type: Proceeding Paper
Part of: Waterpower '89
Procurement of the new runners involved the selection of two manufacturers who have entered into a design competition in which competing models will be tested in an independent hydraulic laboratory. In selecting these manufacturers from among several bidders, a computer program was used to simulate plant performance. This program was issued to the bidders for their use in performance evaluation. This paper summarizes the reasons that the New York Power Authority selected procurement via competition and describes considerations necessary to complete the competition and assure fairness to the manufacturers.
Subject Headings: Power plants | Turbines | Procurement | Hydraulic design | Hydraulic models | Computer models | Industrial facilities | Hydraulics | New York | United States
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
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Serious plumbing problems rectified. Newly bought bathrooms installed. If and when you need a plumber or gas engineer, choose ETTA.
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|nucleolus organiser -->
nucleolar organiser
|medical dictionary
<molecular biology> Loop of DNA that has multiple copies of rRNA genes.
See: nucleolus.
This entry appears with permission from the Dictionary of Cell and Molecular Biology
(11 Mar 2008)
nucleolar, nucleolar chromosome, nucleolar-nuclear ratio < Prev | Next > nucleolar zone, nucleoli, nucleoliform
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Up to come: an article on how to make a device simulator. First the display, them how to play the comic.
and a Comic Book Reader
C.B.R. has reached a very nice 17K download rate. Hoping I can get to the next release asap !!!!
In advance to the release of CBR version 0.7, we will have a look on how to make a single row tab control for multi-document display. CBR is having a home/start page, can display comics or epub books and also edit them.
First of all, a big tip for the developer who want to extend any WPF control : Use Blend and the "Edit Template" function. This will extract an easy and readable Xaml from any existing control.
Continue reading "C.B.R. – How to make Visual Studio like tabs"


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Original Pencil Sketch
Watercolour and pencil added whilst on vacation in Sydney, then placed in vintage frame I found and displayed on my mantle.
Watercolour and handmade type (I was attempting Art self therapy for a day by writing down things I have to remember when having a bad day.)
Sketch/Watercolour and Collage. Also found a nice little vintage frame for this one so I can decorate my new house with drawing and such.
A drawing trip with friends in a Prahran cafe.


text: After getting some advice on color saturation, I watched a few tutorials and tested out what I learned. I didn't realize I've been using saturation techniques already, but I'd only been affecting all the color levels. The tutorials helped me understand what colors are prominent in my images and where. From there, it's made easier to adjust the color play to my focal point. Thanks, Derek.


text: For the last couple of years I have been working in the healthcare industry, and I was wondering if there was a way to send a video of a patients information, or symptoms from my cell phone. I mean to do this without violating HIPAA patient info confidentiality? My understanding is that SMS text is not secure or HIPAA compliant. Anyone know how to do this?


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BOOK WORLD - September 26, 2010
Labor Day is behind us, and the political season is in full swing (including plenty of mudslinging) as the countdown to the midterm elections grinds on relentlessly ...
Armey & Kibbe's look at the meaning of the "tea party" reclaims the top spot, followed by more harsh words from Bill O'Reilly.
The gracious Laura Bush is back on the list with her memoir published earlier this year ... and speaking of gracious, the official guide to U.S. diplomatic protocol hits the list for the first time, though it originally published back in June. Too bad no such book exists to govern politicians' manners ...
And Supreme Court judge Stephen Breyer reflects on the underpinnings of the American democracy.
1. Give Us Liberty: A Tea Party Manifesto
(Morrow, $19.99). By Dick Armey & Matt Kibbe
2. Pinheads and Patriots: Where You Stand in the Age of Obama
(Morrow, $27.99). By Bill O'Reilly
3. A Journey: My Political Life
(Knopf, $35). By Tony Blair
4. Crimes Against Liberty: An Indictment of President Barack Obama
(Regnery, $29.95). By David Limbaugh
5. Spoken from the Heart
(Scribner, $30). By Laura Bush
6. Making Our Democracy Work: A Judge's View
(Knopf, $26.95). By Stephen Breyer
7. The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine
(Norton, $27.95). By Michael Lewis
8. Washington Rules: America's Path to Permanent War
(Metropolitan, $25). By Andrew Bacevich
9. United States Protocol: The Guide to Official Diplomatic Etiquette
(Rowman & Littlefield, $44.95). By Ambassador Mary Mel French
(Twelve, $26.99). By Sebastian Junger
11. To Save America: Stopping Obama's Secular-Socialist Machine
(Regnery, $29.95). By Newt Gongrich
Drawn from Book World's bestseller data supplied by Nielsen BookScan for the week ending September 19 (culled from the top 50 titles sold). The chart may not be reproduced without permission from Nielsen BookScan. Copyright © 2010 by Nielsen BookScan.
Christopher Schoppa
| September 25, 2010; 12:00 PM ET
Categories: Politics Best Sellers
Save & Share: Previous: BOOK WORLD - September 26, 2010
Next: Woodward's Obama book hits shelves today
"And former Supreme Court judge Stephen Breyer reflects on the underpinnings of the American democracy."
Since when is Stephen Breyer a former Supreme Court Justice. He is still a sitting Justice.
Posted by: townie76 | September 27, 2010 10:30 AM | Report abuse
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- Sauce's Julie Cohen sneaks a peek at the new downtown location of Robust (227 West Lockwood Avenue, Webster Groves; 314-963-0033) at 635 Washington Avenue in the Mercantile Exchange, which opened this past weekend.
- Meanwhile, Sauce's Ligaya Figueras reports that Veritas Gateway to Food and Wine (1722 Clarkson Road, Chesterfield; 636-530-9505) is moving from its space at 1722 Clarkson Road in Chesterfield to the corner of Clarkson and Clayton roads in Ellisville. According to Figueras, Veritas' owners plan to close the restaurant and wine bar for the move in mid-January and reopen at its new location in early May.
- Central Table Food Hall, a 10,000-square-foot dine-in and take-out restaurant, will open in the ground floor of Barnes-Jewish Hospital's Center for Outpatient Health at 23 South Euclid Avenue, as reported by Evan S. Benn of the Post-Dispatch. The restaurant, which will sit at the corner of Euclid and Forest Park avenues, will serve tapas, flatbreads, sushi, soup and sandwiches, as well as wine craft beer, among other offerings. Benn reports Central Table Food Hall is slated to open in March.
- Benn also reports that Sapore Italian Café (Baxter Road & Andersohn Drive, Manchester; 636-256-3949) has moved to a new space at 541 South Kirkwood Road in Kirkwood.
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Matter moves from instability to stability. This is a basic physical truth. Sodium is highly unstable, and when it encounters moisture, it changes states rapidly to form more stable compounds. Rocks last a long time because their atoms have reached a level of high stability. Eggs fry because the added heat causes their atoms to be in an unstable state, and they naturally move to a more stable state. Because of the incredible complexity of matter, there are lots of ways that it can be arranged, and because of the incredibly complex systems of movement in the universe and the incredible amount of energy it contains, it's going to take a really damn long time before the eventual state of "complete stability" is reached. (Assuming, of course, that the universe isn't going to contract again.)
What has this got to do with free will? Everything. The first replicator on earth, whatever it was, came to exist because it was following this principle. The configuration of the first replicator was stable enough that atoms "wanted" to move into it, the same way that salt wants to form cubic crystals. At each step of evolution, the next level of complexity was reached by the same process. You can think of it as two laws working together. The physical law of "survival of the stable" interacted with the mathematical law of "survival of the fittest" which actually ought to be renamed "survival of the best equipped to survive." It is so simple as to be perfectly obvious when we say it that way.
Anyway, at some point, replicators developed rudimentary walls to insulate themselves from the environment. Eventually, cells developed. Eventually after that, some cells developed the ability to work together with other cells, and the inevitable math of Game Theory was set in motion. What is crucially important to bear in mind is that all of this happened completely without consciousness. It was the inevitable result of the interaction of survival of the stable with survival of the best able to survive.
Jump ahead in evolutionary history, and you get to a huge moment, where eukaryotes and prokaryotes split from each other. After that, plants and animals split. Here's where things started to get really interesting. Plants, for whatever reason, never got around to moving very fast, or being able to perform what we can call "free movement." They pretty much just grow. Animals, on the other hand, discovered the benefit of much faster movement. The earliest animals (which would have been a lot more like a paramecium than a rat), "learned" how to eat other animals and plants. Remember, all of this happened without consciousness because matter always moves from instability to stability. It's really, really important that you keep this in mind.
Soon, through natural selection, some individuals developed very rudimentary senses. Perhaps it was the ability to detect a chemical in the water which indicated that potential prey was nearby. Perhaps it was the ability to react to the intensity of light. It doesn't matter. What matters is that this was a HUGE advantage. Through nothing but blind matter interacting with other blind matter, the senses came to exist. Soon, complexity added to complexity and early versions of what would become nerves developed. Once animals had muscles and nerves, they were able to perform astounding feats of independent movement. Their eyes developed into the complex organs they are today. Their hearts, lungs, and livers all developed in complexity, and one other extremely important organ developed as well -- their brain.
At first, brains were very rudimentary, but the engineering advantage of having a central "control station" are undeniable. Through millions of years, brains grew in size and complexity. At each step, the animals became better and better adapted to their environment, still following the principles of survival of the stable and survival of the best able to survive. The way brains work is really astonishing. Specialized cells called neurons link with other neurons into long chains, through which unbroken chains of reactions can take place. You can think of it like a row of dominoes. An outside stimuli (your finger) knocks over the first domino, and without any further influence, the entire row topples, one at a time. This happens because of the laws of physics. So it is in brains. When light enters an eye, the cells in the eye have no option but to do what they naturally do. Light triggers a change in one cell, which triggers a change in another cell, and so on. The matter which makes up an eye must move from instability to instability, and the only way to do this is to react in the way it has been arranged to react.
The earliest brains didn't produce anything approaching what we call consciousness. They were just control centers made of matter that couldn't help how it had been arranged. However, through the inevitable laws of matter, increasingly complex brains were bound to develop. If it is beneficial to be able to see prey and chase it, it is more beneficial to be able to see prey, chase it, and make rudimentary predictions about its future actions. Such a leap in brain development may seem huge, and perhaps in terms of time, it was. It isn't that hard to conceive, though.
Memory is something that happens in very simple animals. Even simple worms can be "trained" to react to certain stimuli. All we need to do to imagine the birth of memory is to imagine an arrangement of matter in an early animal in which repeated occurrences of the same stimulus would create a permanent change in the animal itself, thus altering the way it behaved. No consciousness is necessary, and the exact mechanism is extraneous to this discussion. All we need to be concerned with is the fact that it's not hard to imagine rudimentary memory coming into existence.
Once memory existed, it is not hard to imagine it becoming more and more complex as brains became larger and more complex. The first predictive behavior, then, is easy to imagine. After chasing several prey animals in exactly the same pattern, a permanent change happened in the hunter such that the next time it chased a similar prey, it "anticipated" the movement, quite automatically.
With memory and prediction came great evolutionary advantage, so it's not hard to imagine these kinds of creatures proliferating. We can imagine two kinds of creatures, however. The first kind of creature could see its prey, chase it, and predict its movements, and would pursue relentlessly, even to the point of exhaustion or death. The second kind of creature, with the same abilities, also had the tendency to stop chasing its pray when its own energy began running low, but before exhaustion set in. This simple modification to behavior patterns needs no grand explanation. Again, all it takes is imagining a small mutation which produced the behavior once. It requires no consciousness, but it is the beginning of something amazing. From this simple change in behavior, the ability to weigh options developed.
Suppose that a creature encountered two potential meals at the same time. It could only chase one of them. Any creature which had a rudimentary ability to judge the chances of success for each of two chases would have a stunning advantage over those which just randomly chased one or the other. This is a big leap in brain development, but again, it does not bring us to the point of consciousness in the modern philosophical sense. These animals were still what Richard Dawkins has called "survival machines." They were doing what they did because the matter in their bodies (now arranged in staggeringly complex ways) did what it had to do.
Hopefully, you can see where I'm going with this. Each step of brain development happened through the same process of survival of the stable combining with survival of the best able to survive. The discussion of what exactly constitutes consciousness may seem like a huge concern, but it is not. In the same way that there is no such thing as the single ancestor of humans that was the "first human," there is also no exact divide between consciousness and unconsciousness, at least from a biological point of view. This may seem controversial, but please make sure you understand precisely what I'm saying, and more importantly, what I'm not saying.
Goldfish have memories, and can recognize individuals of their own species, as well as other species. Their brains transmit impulses through nerves in such a way that they can perform feats of apparent purpose like traversing a maze to get to food. I doubt many people would suggest that they are fully sentient beings. One of the main reasons for this is that even though they show apparent purpose, they do so predictably and mechanically. If they're hungry, and food is placed at the end of the maze, they will move towards it and eat. Higher animals, however, show a lot more autonomy – that is, ability to take one option over another based on analysis of sensory data. An ape, by all appearances, spends time "deciding" whether or not to attack another ape, and we can only assume that his brain is processing data from the ape's memory, and is weighing the potential for victory against the potential for defeat, and perhaps even the possibility of personal injury in either case.
While this may be an incredible dilemma for philosophers, it's not that big of a deal to biologists. Goldfish have less complex brains than cats, which have less complex brains than monkeys, which have less complex brains than dolphins, which have less complex brains than humans. The measure of an animal's ability to perform predictive analysis is a measure of their brain's size and complexity. Period. There's no such thing as a really smart earthworm because earthworms don't have complex big brains.
Before we can finally address free will, we must perform a couple of mental exercises. First, think about an ant. Do you have any problem thinking of an ant as a creature that simply reacts to its environment based on its genetic programming? I would hope not. Ants simply don't do things like quit their job or decide to move to another anthill. Ants do what ants do, and nothing else. They do it predictably, and when we do experiments on their genes, we can reprogram them to do other things just as predictably.
Ants have brains that were "designed" just like every other part of their body, as a natural result of the survival of the stable combined with survival of the best able to survive. They are alive, but not sentient, according to every philosopher I can think of. Yet, even these simple creatures show remarkable behaviors that seem "intelligent." Some varieties of ants engage in "tandem running," a process by which one ant leads another ant to a food source. It requires many adjustments, and happens methodically, as if each ant "intends" to find food. Still, we can imagine that the ant genes have programmed their carriers to perform this way, and they do so because they have no choice in the matter. They are ants, and their genes, like everything else in their bodies, must obey the law of survival of the stable.
Bees, as most people are now aware, have a system of communication that is virtually unrivaled in the animal world. They do an incredibly complex dance to indicate to their hivemates the distance to food, quantity of food, and exact direction. Still, it is clearly a genetic behavior, for all bees do it the same way, and they do it predictably, without the ability to "decide" to do otherwise. They have genes that dictate their behavior by causing proteins to be built in a particular way, and those proteins, acting entirely according to the law of survival of the stable, react with other proteins in exactly the "correct" way, on up the line of complexity, until the amalgam of all those chemicals, a bee, behaves precisely as it must behave.
At some point, though, we're going to have to address the philosophical leap that comes with the existence of what we call "sentience." For our purposes, it won't matter precisely what sentience is, but it is important to note something of critical importance. Whatever sentience is, it is that way because there are genes within the sentient animal which, according to the law survival of the stable, caused chemicals to interact in completely predictable ways to "build" a being capable of sentient thought.
The last paragraph is staggeringly important. We must realize that whatever a brain allows us to do, it does so because it was built to do so by genes. Every stimulus that a creature encounters causes a series of unavoidable events to occur. When an eye opens, chemicals react with other chemicals to create nerve impulses that must go to the brain, where the brain must render them as images, and the creature must perceive the external world in whatever fashion it has been built. Once that image has been perceived, the same kinds of neural impulses unavoidably travel through the brain in complex patterns, triggering still more reactions, and still more, until the entire organism can be said to have reacted (in whatever way) to the stimulus.
Finally, now, we can address free will. The first thing we must do to address it properly is to define it. This might prove to be much harder than we first imagine. We can say that free will is the ability to make choices, but this is unsatisfactory. When a spider walking across the forest floor encounters a log, it can either turn left, turn right, turn back, or climb up. Alternatively, it could just stay right where it is. It has quite a few "choices" and will make one of them. It cannot avoid making one of them unless it suddenly dies. Because time moves forward, and there are many potential actions for any creature at any given time, we can say that all creatures make choices.
Clearly, we need to work on our definition of choice if free will is to have any meaning. Perhaps it means taking one option over another based on rational choice, rational meaning "conforming to the laws of logic." This is also unsatisfactory because many animals who are not aware of the laws of logic do precisely that. Apes, when sizing up a potential opponent, very often make the "correct" decision based on the size and strength of the potential opponent and the "chooser's" memory of previous battles. Yet, most people are unhappy with the conclusion that apes have free will.
Perhaps for free will to exist, the creature must be able to think in the abstract. That is, it must be able to run "simulations" in its brain, and must be able to think of concepts, not just objects or actions. This easily eliminates most creatures from the discussion of free will, although not necessarily all. Dolphins, apes, and even parrots have shown the ability to understand the concept of rational numbers. Dolphins and apes have both demonstrated rudimentary ability to predict the outcome of an action based on abstract thinking, and both have demonstrated the ability to imitate with modification.
In any case, I said that the philosophy behind sentience was irrelevant, and it is. By illustrating the problems with these definitions, I hope to show you that the definitions aren't really flawed. The concept itself is flawed. If you've followed my somewhat tedious tour through evolutionary history, you've realized that at every step of brain development, new abilities were added naturally through immutable physical forces. This is in direct opposition to thespirit of any argument for free will, regardless of the exact definition.
When I speak of the spirit of the free will argument, I mean this: humans possess consciousness and sentience, which allow us to control ourselves in any way we desire, and to enforce our "will" upon the universe. What I want you to see is that this kind of thinking is backwards, for it assumes something existing independently of the law of survival of the stable. For us to be conscious, impulses must move through neurons in our brain. These impulses exist before consciousness. They must. The inescapable conclusion is that our brains cause us to be conscious.
Let's think now about what happens when we humans make a choice. Suppose I am at a restaurant, and am offered the choice of chicken or fish. The waiter asks me which one I want. My ears receive the vibrations caused by the waiter's mouth and vocal cords. Without any external "will" causing it to happen, the vibrations are translated into nerve impulses which travel, completely on their own – because they are obeying the law of survival of the stable – to the part of my brain which, through no conscious will of its own, processes sound. I cannot help but comprehend the waiter, for my brain is doing what it must do. It is sending neural impulses to and from various parts of my brain, all of them unavoidably doing what they must do because they are matter and they are seeking stability.
Once my brain has translated the vibrations into a concept, I cannot help the reality that follows. My brain is now in a state. Either I desire chicken, or I desire fish, or I desire neither. I cannot change this state, for I am matter, and my brain has done what it had to do, and my preference is now a reality in time. I cannot help but move forward in time, and I must act in one the thousands of ways potentially available to me. If you think about it, there are probably hundreds of thousands of things I could do in the next second after entering the state of being aware of my preference.
I will do something in response to the question. Most likely, I will speak, expressing my desire for one or the other. The important question is this: Did I decide to speak, or did I speak because my brain caused me to do so? Here is where the survival of the stable plays its trump card. We really have two choices here. Either my brain caused me to have a preference, and then caused me to speak, or something else caused me to have a preference and then speak.
To suggest that something else caused me to have a preference is to defy time, for we have already recognized the simple truth that uncontrollable interactions of matter happen in the brain and then a state is reached. To put it another way, a "choice" in the religious or philosophical sense of the word would really involve moving backwards in time! First, a state would have to exist, and then act upon the brain in some way so as to put the brain in the chosen state. However, as we've seen, perceptions cause neural impulses which cause brain activity which causes a state.
Perhaps an even bigger problem with the idea of an independent choice is that it violates the law of survival of the stable. If matter is unstable, it must move to stability if that move is available. If several possible stable states are available in the environment, we can predict which one a particular piece of matter will "choose" based on its atomic structure. (For illustration, notice that even though there's plenty of carbon available from the operation of an internal combustion engine, there has never been an exhaust pipe that randomly spewed diamonds instead of carbon dioxide.)
Some might object that I am being overly reductionist. To this accusation, I would make two responses. First, the accusation of reductionism is not an argument. It's an objection. There's no reason that a reductionist viewpoint is inherently wrong. Second, I would say that reductionism need not eliminate broader interpretations of the same phenomena. For example, I can say that a computer program is nothing but ones and zeros, and that is true. This does not mean that I cannot use a computer program to write a book.
The broad point that I'm attempting to make is not that humans do not make choices, or that we are not highly autonomous creatures. I am trying to establish the unavoidable reality that humans do not control brains. Brains control humans. Before I can decide on a course of action, my brain must perceive the situation, and having perceived it, go through the unconscious and uncontrollable series of chemical events that will put me in a state of awareness of the options. Any decision I make is the result of brain activity, not the cause of it.
It might be helpful at this point to think of the brain as a computer. Just as a computer has a series of ones and zeros that "make it work," so do our brains, only the brain is built on four letters instead of two numbers. The code for our brain is DNA. Also analogous to a computer, our code is set up in such a way that it causes a series of events in the material universe.
Think of a chess playing computer. The binary code for such a program doesn't include instructions for every possible chess scenario. This would take an astronomically large code, and it would be so slow that a single game of chess would take as long as the time our solar system has been in existence, even if we imagine a stupendously fast processor. Instead, the program includes general instructions – rules for piece movement and strategic advice, for instance. It might say something like, "In general, pawns are expendable before queens, but if the payoff is high enough, sacrificing the queen is advisable."
Of course, all of this is rendered in ones and zeros, and it's not important to explain the exact mechanism by which they translate into a computer program. We all know that this is the way it works, even if we don't know exactly how. Our brains are very much the same way. We are built with simple sets of instructions: Avoid that which causes pain. Seek that which causes pleasure; Attempt to mate. Seek companionship; When your stomach rumbles, eat food; When your mouth is dry, drink water. Of course, in a human, there are far more complex sets of instructions, and many of the instructions clash from time to time. For instance, if one has to reach into a thornbush to get fruit, the instruction to avoid physical discomfort is in conflict with the instruction to obtain food.
If you've ever seen a computer play chess, you know that it can predict its opponent's moves. In fact, if you could bring someone back to life from a time before computers existed, and show them a screen with a game in progress, they would likely swear on their life that humans were controlling the moves. Chess programs give every outward appearance of being sentient because their programming is sufficiently complex to create those appearances. Here, we can ask a very pointed question: Is there a difference between a game of chess played by two humans and one played by two computers? The answer is that there is not. The mechanics of the game are exactly the same, as is the strategy and the outcome. In fact, we could easily build robots to move physical pieces on an actual chess board, and for the purposes of winning a chess game, there would be absolutely no difference whatsoever. A game of chess is being played. There is either a winner and a loser, or the game is a draw.
Humans are chess playing computers. Our circuitry is much more complex, and we are able to do far more than play chess, but that is the reality of it. Our genes carry instructions for building a human being with a brain that causes consciousness to exist. Our brains operate from a set of instructions given to us by the same genes. A brief examination of all the humans we've ever seen will bear out the reality of this. All1 humans do many things in exactly the same way. All humans feel roughly the same set of emotions, and they feel them as a result of roughly the same kinds of events. All humans come with a complete set of plans for understanding and utilizing language.
To put it succinctly, we are sentient, conscious, highly adaptive animals because our genes made us that way. We cannot be anything else. To extend the computer analogy even further, at any given moment, our brains contain an unalterable set of data. When we make a choice, just as when a computer makes a choice, our brain is processing all the relevant data it can access through an algorithm that has been set by the program (genes and binary, respectively). Once the computation is finished, the brain and CPU put their machine into a state that once again, has been set by the program.
Where humans have a distinct advantage over computers is our immense capacity for learning and adapting to our environment. What we must realize, however, is that our adaptability is not limitless. We are still bound by the limits of our programming, and some things cannot be undone. Two sobering examples are sexual abuse and drug use. To put it bluntly, show me a woman who was sexually abused as a child, and I'll show you a woman who isn't over it. Just like the simple animals whose bodies physically change because of external stimuli, so to do our complex human bodies. Particularly during the formative years, when new neural connections are still being formed, our environment has a huge impact on us. Some environmental factors, like drugs, exert their effects regardless of the age of the person. Methamphetamine is a perfect example. Regardless of when a person takes it, there will be permanent, irreversible changes to the brain, which will result in permanent changes in the way the person perceives and thinks.
With everything we have learned about human behavior, we must realize that we are at a milestone of human history. The knowledge of evolution has taken us leaps and bounds ahead of where we were two hundred years ago, but we have been violently opposed to accepting the natural and obvious conclusion evolution gives us about human nature. We are not conscious beings who happen to have a body to go with our mind. We are incredibly complex programs that have the ability to perform remarkable feats of mental computation. We are animals that have evolved so much brain power that we can think of ourselves as having "free will."
In closing this essay, I feel that it is necessary to refute some of the most common objections to this line of reasoning. The one that comes to mind immediately is this: If we really have no free will, than what justification do we have for laws, or punishment, or rewards, or anything like that? The answer ought to be obvious, but I will explain it for the sake of being thorough. Our programs include self interest and the ability to conceive of strategies that will harm others for our own benefit. Like all animals, we tend to do those things that we can get away with when they benefit us. We are also programmed to be intensely social animals. We are smart enough to realize that without disincentives, some people will take advantage of other people. Laws and jails and social stigma are all disincentives, and they often have exactly the desired effect. People avoid doing things that would benefit them and harm others when they know that they are very likely to be punished. The question of free will is irrelevant.
Knowledge of punishment changes behavior, whether that behavior is motivated by free will or programming. Think again of the computer analogy. It would be easy to invent a computer game in which both players have chances to cheat. It would also be easy to invent periodic "referee checks" in which a third player would check the field for evidence of cheating and penalize the cheater accordingly. Even a modestly good programmer could design code to instruct the computer players in the best way to avoid being punished. As the frequency of referee checks increased, cheating would decrease accordingly. Consciousness is not necessary for this simple set of principles to work.
Another common objection I hear is that scientists cannot prove that humans are not different than the animals. Perhaps we do actually have something that has risen above the level of animal consciousness. Maybe we really are different in kind. Of course, this argument commits the same fallacy as the argument that atheists can't disprove the existence of God. In all cases, the burden of proof is on the claimant, and anyone who claims that human consciousness is different in kind from any other animal has a brobdingnagian task set for himself. Certainly we can do mental tasks that other animals can't, and our powers of abstraction and conceptualization are unrivaled, but this is no justification for the statement that we are not completely under the control of our genes, just like every other animal. We must remember that any mental ability we have is the direct result of our genes building us this way. If we have the choice to act in illogical ways, or contrary to the dictates of our nature, it is because it is in our nature to be able to do so!
When the previous objections fail, people often say that lack of free will makes life meaningless, since we're just mindless robots running around doing exactly what our programming tells us to do. This is a good example of finding the nearest pool and taking a belly flop into the deep end. Our programming gives us consciousness, and our consciousness gives us a sense of purpose and meaning. We get up in the morning because we're programmed to have sleep cycles, but we also get up in the morning because we want to make money at our jobs. We want to make money because we want to have a house and attract a mate and be able to buy status symbols and gadgets to make our lives easier. Purpose comes from living, regardless of what causes us to live.
Finally, I want to address a question rather than an objection. Many people may ask why I am so intent on going through all the trouble of explaining this if in the end, the question of free will is ultimately meaningless. If it doesn't matter that we are programs, and that our programs give us the sense that we are free willed, why bother refuting the concept of free will?
To answer this, I must first say that the distinction is not meaningless. From religion to politics to economics, people make broad sweeping decisions based on the notion that people really can decide anything they want. Personally, I think the flaws in this thinking are most obvious in politics. Lawmakers often assume (falsely) that humans will change their behavior if only the right law is enacted. Even though history demonstrates repeatedly that this is a false assumption, we continue to see bad policies enacted. The reality is that people do not and will not behave outside of their programming. Laws demanding that people not act like humans are doomed to cause suffering.
At the time of this writing, there is a very good example of this kind of thinking in my own city. Over the past several years, the city council has passed several draconian policies regarding the consumption of alcohol by minors and the selling of alcohol to minors. The feeling is that it's an awful thing for college students to drink, and that by punishing drinking severely, they can stop the behavior. Unfortunately, the laws are ill-conceived and doomed to failure. Rather than curb the amount of drinking done by college students, they have forced students to drink in private. Unlike in bars, where bartenders can refuse service to anyone who appears too drunk, there is no supervision at all in private homes, and young drinkers are actually drinking more than they did before. Drinks at a bar are more expensive than bottles of liquor from the store, so for the same amount of money, students are drinking more, without any outside influences to try to slow them down if they're drinking too much.
College students will drink because drinking is fun for humans, and is generally harmless if they don't drive afterward. Trying to stop them is generally futile, unless extremely drastic measures are taken. Rather than enforce a police state on campus and in the bars, a better solution would be to enact policies that encourage college students to drink responsibly. Perhaps an even better solution would be to look at the rest of the world and see that eighteen year olds are allowed to drink in many places, and civilization has not collapsed because of it.
In religion we see another clear example of this faulty concept in action. Abstinence only education, as I've mentioned before, is a monument to the stupidity of trying to get humans to act far outside of their nature. We are designed to have sex, and we're designed to want it most fervently in the years before most people are getting married these days. Still, Christians insist that premarital sex is wrong and that nobody should ever do it. They insist that if only we teach children how to behave, they will behave that way.
The evidence could not be more clear. Abstinence only education doesn't stop people from having sex. It only stops them from using condoms. Humans are literally alive to have sex, from a gene's point of view. That is why humans are obsessed with sex. It's not because we're evil, or that society is corrupt, or that we've gone "away from our nature." Of course, this is not to say that humans ought to go out and have orgies with complete strangers every night. That's not in our nature either. The fact is, regardless of the laws or teaching policies, people do what people are going to do. I've addressed this at length in the chapters on human sexuality, so I will not belabor the point here.
This brings up a counter-objection. If we can't stop humans from being humans, how can we ever expect to make society better? After all, some things that are perfectly natural for humans are also very, very wrong. Humans are capable of committing rape and murder, and these behaviors are just as natural as giving money to the poor and sending baby pictures to the proud grandparents. To answer this question, I will again point out that recognizing that we are programs does not lead to the conclusion that we can only act in one way, or that we don't have purpose. We do have purpose, and one of the most noble of those purposes is the betterment of society for the good of all citizens. If we decide (because of our programming) that we ought to build a society where everyone has healthcare, then we can do that. The fact that our genes programmed us with the ability to reach such a decision doesn't make the decision any less valid.
Furthermore, the prohibitions on sex and drinking are not based on empirical reality. They are based on a very old religion. Humans have been drinking and having sex before marriage since the invention of alcohol and marriage. Society has not collapsed, and there's never been any evidence that either activity damages either individuals or society as a whole in any significant way. In fact, both sex and alcohol have been important parts of rituals that have cemented various societies for thousands of years. Murder and rape are empirically bad. Murder ends a life and rape causes extreme mental trauma and possibly passes on STDs or causes serious physical injury. As I've explained in another essay, morality is subjective, but it is not arbitrary. With more scientific understanding of what human nature is, we can use our critical thinking to decide what is right and what is wrong based on the results of the actions, and try to mold society in such a way as to reduce the bad and increase the good as much as possible.
Humans have the capacity for good and for evil. They decide which to do because of genetic programming. The environment is the main factor that determines how the programming will manifest itself, just as a chess machine's next move is dictated by the current state of the board. Now that we are aware of these facts, we have, for the first time in human history, the chance to use science to help us predict the best ways to achieve the goals we set for ourselves. Rather than taking something away from humanity, the knowledge that we are gene survival machines has given us the chance to mold society in exciting new ways. Instead of trying to metaphorically fit a cube into a round hole, we can now think of how to change the shape of the hole so that the cube will fit. We can flip our thinking around and work towards building an environment that triggers our programming in ways that will improve things for everyone. Science can teach us how to improve society. We only have to embrace the previously discomforting thought that we aren't as free willed as we would like to believe.
1For the remainder of this paragraph, the word all means "virtually all, excluding those humans with genetic disorders that exclude them from this group."


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"World of Warcraft," the online role-playing game that became synonymous with the genre thanks to its record-breaking success in the mid-2000s, is about to get a new chapter in its decade-plus saga of orcs, humans, and lots and lots of clicking on colorful icons.
Developer Blizzard announced an expansion for the game at industry show Gamescom 2015. Titled "World of Warcraft: Legion," the expansion brings a new story for subscribers to play through, one that sees the return of The Burning Legion — one of the "Warcraft" series' most classic foes.
Online role-playing games like "World of Warcraft" are meant to be played in perpetuity, where users can create their own fantasy characters and take them on theoretically endless adventures, full of treasures and mysteries meant to keep players on the hook for as long as they're willing to play.
Expansions like "Legion" help keep these games alive, with new stories to experience and challenges to tackle, all serving to make the online world players share a vibrant, ever-changing place. They also do a lot to bring back players who have left the game — and far more players than usual have left "World of Warcraft" recently.
For a glimpse of some of the changes coming to jazz up "World of Warcraft" with the release of "Legion," check out the trailer below.
No release date was announced for "World of Warcraft: Legion."