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Security features in the OpenBSD operating system
- Suzan Stafford
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1 Security features in the OpenBSD operating system Matthieu Herrb & other OpenBSD developers INSA/LAAS-CNRS, 22 janvier 2015
2 Agenda 1 Introduction 2 Random numbers 3 Increasing resilience 4 Network level protection 5 LibreSSL 6 Conclusion
3 Agenda 1 Introduction 2 Random numbers 3 Increasing resilience 4 Network level protection 5 LibreSSL 6 Conclusion
4 About myself PhD in Robotics, Toulouse University, 1991 Research Engineer at CNRS/LAAS System software system administration and security officer for LAAS robots systems software integration OpenBSD and X.Org contributor Member of the tetaneutral.net associcative local ISP
5 OpenBSD... Unix-like, multi-platform operating system Derived from BSD 4.4 Kernel + userland + documentation maintained together 3rd party applications available via the ports system One release every 6 months Hardware architectures: i386, amd64, alpha, arm, macppc, sparc, sparc64, sgi, vax...
6 Secure by default Leitmotiv since 1996 Adopted since by most OS Non required services are not activated in a default installation. Default configuration of services providing security Activating services require a manual action of the administrator Keep a working (functional, useful) system only a few remote vulnerabilities in more than 15 years.
7 Objectives Provide free code (BSD license...) Quality Correctness Adhering to standards (POSIX, ANSI) Providing good crypto tools (SSH, SSL, IPSEC,...) better security.
8 Current version OpenBSD 5.6 released Nov. 1, New stuff : LibreSSL, OpenSSL fork New getentropy(2) system call PIE by default on more architectures OpenSMTPd, a new privilege separated SMTP daemon is now the default removed unsafe algorithms from OpenSSH protocol negociation lots of unsafe code removal (Kerberos, sendmail,...)...
9 Increasing resilience to attacks Provide an unpredictable resource base with minimum permissions Random stack gap Program segments mappings randomization > shared libraries ASLR, random ordering > PIE > mmap ASLR increased use of the ELF.rodata section malloc randomizations Where it is possible to spot damage, fail hard stack protector stack ghost atexit/ctor protection
10 Agenda 1 Introduction 2 Random numbers 3 Increasing resilience 4 Network level protection 5 LibreSSL 6 Conclusion
11 Random numbers in OpenBSD libc needs high quality random numbers available under any circumstances Theo de Raadt in the kernel in threads in chroots in ENFILE/EMFILE situations in performance critical code Most important characteristic : Ease of use
12 Random numbers in OpenBSD: kernel
13 Use of random numbers in the kernel random PIDs VM mappings (including userland malloc/free requests) network packets creation (sequence numbers) pf NAT and other operations port allocation scheduler decisions userland arc4random() reseeding via getentropy(2) Slicing the random stream between many users: resistance to backtracking and prediction.
14 Random numbers in userland Per-process stream, with re-seeding: too much volume of data has moved too much time elapsed when a fork() is detected Slicing between several users occurs too : malloc(3) DNS ld.so crypto More than 1000 call points in the libraries and system utilities.
15 Agenda 1 Introduction 2 Random numbers 3 Increasing resilience 4 Network level protection 5 LibreSSL 6 Conclusion
16 ASLR stackgap: random offset in stack placement mmap() shared libraries PIE executables by default, including static binaries on most architectures
18 Randomness in mmap() Address returned by mmap(): If MAP_FIXED is not specified: returns a random address. (traditional behaviour: 1st free page after a base starting address)
19 Randomness in malloc() 1 page allocations: mmap() random addresses. < 1 page allocations: classical fixed block allocator, but random selection of the block in the free list. heap attacks more difficult.
20 Protecting dynamically allocated memory [Moerbeek 2009] Activated by /etc/malloc.conf G Each bigger than one page allocation is followed by a guard page segmentation fault if overflow. Smaller allocations are randomly placed inside one page.
21 Propolice / SSP gcc patches initially developped by IBM Tokyo Research Labs (2002). Principle : put a canary on the stack, in front of local variables check it before return. if still alive: no overflow if dead (overwritten): overflow abort() Only when there are arrays in local variables Adopted by gcc since version 4.1. Enabled by default in OpenBSD..
22 W^X Principle of least privilege. Write exclusive or execution right granted on a page.. easy on some architectures (x86_64, sparc, alpha): per page X bit harder or others (x86, powerpc): per memory segment X bit impossible in some cases (vax, m68k, mips) In OpenBSD 5.7: WˆX inside the kernel for x86_64 (PaX on Linux...)
23 Privileges reduction Completely revoke privileges from privileged (setuid) commands, or commands launched with privileges, once every operation requiring a privilege are done. Group those operations as early as possible after start-up. Examples: ping named
24 Privileges separation [Provos 2003] Run system daemons: with an uid 0 in a chroot(2) jail additional helper process keeps the privileges but do paranoid checks on all his actions. A dozen of daemons are protected this way.
25 Example: X server
26 Example: OpenSMTPd
27 Securelevels No fine grained policy: too complex, thus potentially dangerous. Three levels of privileges kernel root user Default securelevel = 1: File system flags (immutable, append-only) to limit root access. Some settings cannot be changed (even by root). Restrict access to /dev/mem and raw devices.
28 Agenda 1 Introduction 2 Random numbers 3 Increasing resilience 4 Network level protection 5 LibreSSL 6 Conclusion
29 Threats on protocols Internet: favours working stuff over security. easy to guess values forged packets accepted as valid information leaks use of time as a secret??
30 Protection Principle Use data that are impossible (hard) to guess wherever arbitrary data are allowed, even if no known attack exists. counters timestamps packet, session, host... identifiers But respect constraints and avoid breaking protocols: non repetition minimal interval between 2 values avoid magic numbers
31 Randomness in the network stack Use: IPID (16 bits, no repetition) DNS Queries (16 bits, no repetition) TCP ISN (32 bits, no repetition, steps of 2 15 between 2 values) Source ports (don t re-use a still active port) TCP timestamps (random initial value, then increasing at constant rate) Id NTPd (64 bits, random) instead of current time RIPd MD5 auth...
32 PF: more than one trick in its bag Packet Filter Stateful filtering and rewriting (NAT) engine Scrub to add randomness to packets: TCP ISN IP ID TCP timestamp NAT : rewriting of source ports (and possibly addresses) Also protects non-openbsd machines behind a pf firewall.
33 Agenda 1 Introduction 2 Random numbers 3 Increasing resilience 4 Network level protection 5 LibreSSL 6 Conclusion
34 OpenSSL & Heartbleed for years no one really looked at the OpenSSL code those who had a glance ran away (too horrible) so everyone blindly trusted the OpenSSL project then came Heartbleed, made people look again OpenBSD decided that the only way out was to fork
35 LibreSSL - goals Keep the OpenSSL API Important : remove layers of wrappers around system primitives malloc wrappers where hiding bugs from valgrind/openbsd s malloc Printf-like wrappers may have hidden format string bugs Review the public OpenSSL bug database : dozen of valid bug reports sitting for years Fix random number generator getentropy() Fix many (potential) interger overflows reallocarray() Portable version for Linux, MacOSX, Windows,...
36 libtls new API hides implementation details (no ASN.1, x509,... structures) safe default behaviour (hostnames/certificates verification,...) privilege separation friendly (committed today) example use in OpenSMTPd, relayd, httpd... still under active development
37 Agenda 1 Introduction 2 Random numbers 3 Increasing resilience 4 Network level protection 5 LibreSSL 6 Conclusion
38 Conclusion Lots of progress since the beginning. Contributed to fix bugs in many 3rd party applications. Often Copied (good). Still lots of issues to address...
39 Bibliography arc4random - randomization for all occasions, Theo de Raadt, Hackfest 2014, Quebec City. LibreSSL - An OpenSSL replacement, the first 30 days and where we go from here, Bob Beck, BSDCan Exploit mitigation techniques - An update after 10 years, Theo de Raadt, rubsd 2013, Moscow. OpenSMTPD: We deliver!, Eric Faurot, AsiaBSDCon Time is not a secret: Network Randomness in OpenBSD, Ryan McBride Asia BSD Conference 2007 Security issues related to Pentium System Management Mode, Loïc Duflot, CansecWest Preventing Privilege Escalation, Niels Provos, Markus Friedl and Peter Honeyman, 12th USENIX Security Symposium, Washington, DC, August Enhancing XFree86 security, Matthieu Herrb LSM, Metz 2003.
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SCP - Strategic Infrastructure Security
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MINI-FAQ: OpenBSD 2.4 IPSEC VPN Configuration
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From publisher blurb:
As a wrap up of the previous two issues, this issue introduces four archetypes based on the hybrid classes of the Noble Barbarian and the Merciless Warden. The hybrid classes are converted into barbarian archetypes as well as the Noble Barbarian archetype for the Paladin and the Merciless Warden archetype for the Ranger. Feats designed for the Merciless Warden and the Noble Barbarian provided in the last two issues are also included so that this issue stands on its own.

subset: commoncrawl


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WAPPINGERS FALLS – Paddy Painted Pilsner
March 15 | 7:00 pm - 9:00 pm
- Di'Vine Wine Bar
- 1 market street, wappingers falls, NY United States
Additional Information
Join us in a St. Paddy's Day Themed Painting workshop! RESERVATIONS REQUIRED $40 includes instruction to create your choice of Two beer steins or TWO pilsner glasses, all painting supplies PLUS di'Vine's Famous Flatbreads and more! Email firstname.lastname@example.com, call us or use the paypal link provided *please note number of guests and event you are choosing with the "add a note" option -thank you! We are always a "sell-out" at our favorite wine bar!


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The deal, announced Friday, still needs congressional approval. Congress is not expected to consider it before September.
If the agreement wins approval, Joe Camel and the Marlboro Man will be gone, along with any number of advertising practices that have been the backbone of marketing efforts in the 1990s.
The Winston Cup, Marlboro Miles and giveaways of lighters, T-shirts, hats and other merchandise with brand logos are all banned under the agreement, aimed broadly at resolving class-action liability suits against the tobacco companies.
Point-of-purchase materials would be severely limited, with self-service displays of cigarette packages gone and signage restricted to b&w text. Direct marketing materials would be limited to text.
Outdoor advertising would be gone entirely, and Internet marketing would be banned.
Essentially, the deal calls for tobacco companies-including Philip Morris Cos., R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., B.A.T and Lorillard Co.-to accept all restrictions proposed by the Food & Drug Administration and some major additional limits. The deal would give FDA oversight, contrary to the decision in a recent tobacco industry lawsuit. The loss to the POP industry alone would top $700 million. Tobacco marketers spend even more than that to distribute catalogs full of branded merchandise.
Magazine advertising would be restricted in titles that reach more than 2 million underage readers or have a youth readership of 15% or higher. Tobacco marketers could run b&w ads in such publications, but are expected to cut titles like Sports Illustrated from their media buys unless the magazines develop adults-only editions.
Although media would lose big money as a result of the changes, there could be one silver lining. The final deal announced Friday calls for the tobacco industry to fund a $500 million annual "counter-marketing" campaign and have no role in its creation or media scheduling.
The campaign would be administered by a national board that could hire an ad agency or contract with states to do their own advertising. Most of the advertising is expected to be on TV, and attorneys general, in announcing the agreement, pointed to hard-hitting anti-tobacco campaigns in Massachusetts and California as models for the effort.
Attorneys general and lawyers suing tobacco companies called the deal a major victory.
"This is the most historic public health achievement in history," said Mississippi Attorney General Michael Moore.
While some health groups concurred, other consumer groups promised to fight the agreement.
"This is a premature rush to judgment," said Ralph Nader of the Center for the Study of Responsive Law. "This is a deal dead on arrival in Congress."
He cited congressional concerns that the deal would give FDA new powers, as well as concerns from some liberal groups that the settlement doesn't go far enough.
Advertising groups had a mixed reaction. While the deal removes a thorn in the side of advertising, executives warned it poses some major threats to other industries.
In an obvious slap at the ad industry's successful federal court challenge of new FDA regulations on tobacco, several sources said the final agreement negotiated by the states would make it impossible for the industry to challenge just the ad restrictions.
Ad groups could challenge the whole tobacco deal and risk a public outcry or not challenge anything, they said.
"A constitutional challenge [on advertising] brings down the whole package," said John Fithian, counsel for the ad group Freedom to Advertise Coalition.


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Linowitz Professor Karl Inderfurth Lecture is March 5
Karl F. Inderfurth, the Sol M. Linowitz Professor of International Affairs and former assistant secretary of state for South Asian Affairs, will deliver a lecture titled "Is India the Next Superpower?" on Tuesday, March 5, at 7:30 p.m., in the Red Pit. Inderfurth also serves as senior advisor and Wadhwani Chair in U.S.-India Policy Studies at the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). His lecture is sponsored by the Government Department and is free and open to the public.
Prior to his CSIS appointment, Inderfurth was the director of the International Affairs Program at George Washington University's Elliott School of International Affairs. From 1997 – 2001 he served as assistant secretary of state for South Asian Affairs, with responsibility for India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. From 1993 to 1997 he served as the U.S. representative for special political affairs to the United Nations, with the rank of ambassador, and deputy U.S. representative on the U.N. Security Council.
Prior to his presidential appointments, Inderfurth worked as a national security and later Moscow correspondent for ABC News (1981-1991) and received an Emmy Award in 1983. He also served on the professional staffs of the Senate Intelligence and Foreign Relations Committees and the National Security Council. Along with Professor Loch K. Johnson, he is the author of Fateful Decisions: Inside the National Security Council (2004).
He received his master's degree from Princeton University, his bachelor's degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and was a Fulbright Scholar at Strathclyde University in Scotland. He currently serves on the board of trustees of the Asia Foundation.


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Nancy's been invited to contribute to the brand-new upcoming ArtistData Musicians Tips blog. ArtistData is a web-based service for musicians, agents, and managers that allows you to input gigs, news, blogs and other info ONCE and have it automatically proliferated across the many platforms and social networks that you belong to. This save musicians numerous hours, leaving them more time to create music.
Well, about a month ago, ArtistData invited their artists to apply to be a contributing writer to their newest upcoming feature: a blog about their various areas of expertise - i.e. being an artist! Nancy applied right away and just heard that she made the final cut!
The blog isn't up and running yet...should be so in the next couple of weeks according to ArtistData. So, if you're an artist, make sure to check out www.artistdata.com and look for Nancy's latest tips in the Musicans Tips blog.


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India Yamaha Motor Pvt. Ltd. had a balanced year in terms of product launches in 2015. The Japanese two-wheeler manufacturer strengthened its scooter portfolio with the launch of Fascino, commuter segment with the launch of Saluto motorcycle and sports bike segment saw arrival of the R3.
For 2016, the company plans to add more motorcycles in the line-up and performance motorcycle segment will see the coming of the MT-09 naked street motorcycle, reports Zigwheels. The launch is expected in the late second half of 2016. Before that, the company will showcase the model at the Auto Expo 2016, scheduled to begin on 3 February. It is expected that the response from public during the show will decide the fate of MT-09's India entry.
The MT-09 is powered by 847cc three-cylinder, liquid-cooled engine that develops 113bhp at 10,000rpm and 87.5Nm of torque at 8,500rpm mated to six-speed transmission. The motorcycle sports traction control system with two different riding modes. Built on diamond type frame, the MT-09 is employed with telescopic front forks with 137mm travel while rear features swingarm (Link type) suspension. The braking is taken care by 298mm dual disc at front brakes while rear gets 245mm single disc brakes. The motorcycle also comes with optional ABS.
When launched, the MT-09 will be pitted against Triumph Street Triple and the Kawasaki Z800 in India. To keep the rivals on toes in terms of pricing, Yamaha will be prompted to adopt completely knocked down (CKD) line. The motorcycle with CKD assembly is expected to cost Rs 8-9 lakh, ex-showroom.


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The "Year of the GT-R" is finally behind us, but Nissan isn't done polishing its brass knuckles. Attention now snaps back to Nissan's original and more affordable asphalt punk, the Z. Launched in 2002—ancient days for a sports coupe, which is always a fast-burning candle—the Z was obscured all last year by Godzilla's long shadow. For 2009 it breaks cover, the 350Z now transformed into the shorter, scrappier 370Z.
The Andrew Jackson added to the name means more motor. The V-6 is now 3.7 liters instead of 3.5, thanks to a 4.6-millimiter stroke stretch. Sound familiar? This is the Infiniti G37's four-cam, 24-valve V-6, new in 2008 and called the VQ37HR.
In the Z, it shares the Infiniti's power ratings of 330 horsepower and 270 pound-feet of torque, up 24 and two, respectively, from the 3.5. Written out that way, it sounds like much ado about not much. Well, Nissan says the 3.7 should cleave a couple of 10ths from the 0-to-60-mph score, down to five seconds flat, a difference your personal whupass meter should register. During a drive of a tape-masked prototype, ours did, and we noted stronger pulls out of corners and more torque in the midsection. However, the prosaic whir heard in the cockpit from the big six is no more scintillating near the 7500-rpm redline. The Z's rumble sounds bad-ass from the sidewalk, but it still desperately needs an inside voice.
Transmission choices include a seven- speed automatic and a six-speed manual. Optional "SynchroRev Match" on the manual mechanically blips the throttle for you on downshifts, so heel-and-toe perfection no longer requires actual toes. An off button locks it out when you wish to row your own throttle. Sadly, our stripper car lacked the feature.
Yes, power is up, but a more startling revelation is what's down. Nissan's Sawzall took 3.9 inches from the previous 104.3-inch wheelbase, all of it between the door and the rear axle, we're told. Stylists kneaded and tugged and shaved, and the result was that overall length dropped 2.7 inches, while width increased by 1.1 inches.
You'll see the Z's new compactness best from the side. The roofline slopes toward the rear at a softer angle, so now there's less of a jutting J. Lo tush. The result is a tidy squeeze-bulb shape even more evocative of the original, the 240Z. Detail changes include revised head- and taillights, tensed up with a sort of Nike Swoosh form that is now part of the Nissan family face (it debuted on the '08 Maxima). The side glass, once a flat line across the bottom, now doglegs upward to lead into the small quarter-window. The stocky door handles were smoothed and reshaped but remain no less startling than before.
Recent News


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Our Services
UAHS BioCommunications is collaborating with colleges and research centers at the University of Arizona Health Sciences that are celebrating milestone anniversaries. A branding campaign featuring anniversary icons has been created to honor these institutions that – individually and collectively – are building a healthier Arizona. Every day. For everyone.


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|'The Green Dress' (c.1890-99) by John White Alexander; Private Collection
Choosing American painter John White Alexander, born on 7 October 1856 and died on 31 May 1915, for today's post was a very quick decision. Just one glance at the images of his paintings made me decide not to look any further. But then I spent an awful lot of time trying to come up with the best painting for this post. Even though I have picked this one, I'm still not sure because there are so many that I love. So just click here and here and here and here, for example. Well, you probably know by now what I like and these are all beautiful paintings of elegant women in stylish dresses. When seeing these paintings, you wouldn't have thought that Alexander had started his career as a political cartoonist and illustrator for Harper's Weekly. He got his formal art training in Europe. When he got back to New York, he became a highly succesful society portrait painter. I think the painting of today is beautiful. Absolutely love the silky fabric of the dress. Alexander has painted more women in green dresses so go and have a look on the internet if you like this one.


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We now have an official Scrapbook Generation Pinterest page!
We've started off with the following boards:
• Allison Davis, designer
• Debbie Sanders, designer
• Lindsey Amschler, designer
• CREATE magazine
• SG's Super Sketch Club
• Sketches by Scrapbook Generation
• SG sketches in action
• Online classes by Allison Davis
• SG sketch books
• Special deals at SG
• Peek inside Scrapbook Generation
We invite you to follow SG and our Pinterest boards, and hope you'll find lots of things you'll want to pin to your own boards!
Click here to check out our page. You can also access the SG Pinterest page by clicking on the icon on the bottom of the home page of our website.
Sunday, February 16, 2014
New for SG...
Posted by Debbie Sanders, Scrapbook Generation at 9:24 PM
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Tetley Earl Grey Crowned Great Taste Award Winner
We are excited to announce that our Envelope blends have once again been recognised in the Great Taste Awards, picking up a gold star accreditation for our Earl Grey blend!
Assessed on taste alone, by a panel of 405 food and drink experts, including top chefs, buyers, retailers and food writers, the Great Taste Awards, organised by the Guild of Fine Food, is one of the world's largest and most trusted food and drink awards. This respected seal of approval is a sign of quality, giving brands standout behind the counter as well as increased awareness.
Our award-winning Earl Grey uses carefully selected light mellow teas from around the world that perfectly complement the citrus notes of refreshing, zesty bergamot flavour. 100% Rainforest Alliance accredited, this tea complements a wide range of day parts and consumption occasions. Available in both individually sealed foil-fresh envelopes and string and tag self-merchandising cartons, it's a consumer favourite and a must-stock for operators.
With it's delicate aroma and golden colouring, our Earl Grey blend classic flavour is perfect paired with our peachy tea loaf, providing a sweet treat for a true afternoon tea experience.
For more information on Tetley Earl Grey and to order a case today click here!


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Addiction is a very real problem for many nurses. Whether it is due to the stress of the job, pain associated with lifting and carrying, or simply ease of access, over time, too many nurses fall prey to the lures of prescription drugs. Working
Myths About Impaired Nurses with an impaired nurse can be dangerous and will create a great deal of stress and extra work for you and other members of your team. Here is what you need to know about impaired nurses and what to do if you are working with one:
- An impaired nurse probably has a history of substance abuse. While this may be true in some cases, many nurses develop abuse habits after a stressful event in life that makes it difficult for them to cope.
- Impaired nurses use street drugs. Again, this may be true in some cases, but in most instances the impaired nurse has a dependency on medications they work with every day. The problem can start with something as simple as taking medication from a patient for minor pain. Sometimes, the nurse will use some of a patient's liquid medication and replace it with saline.
- It's easy to spot an addicted nurse. While there are definitely some warning signs, many impaired nurses will make sure to cover these signs.
- Drug addiction is a choice. There are many factors that influence the development of an addiction and most times the nurse does not realize she is in danger until it is too late.
- An addict cannot recover unless he or she wants help. Most addicts will be resistant to treatment programs. However, forced rehabilitation is effective as long as the addict has a strong support network for help and encouragement.
Warning Signs of an Impaired Nurse
If you suspect that you are working with an impaired nurse, watch for the signs and symptoms. These may include strange performance, physical signs, or behavioral changes. Performance indicators to watch for include unexplained absences from the assigned area, medication errors, complaints from patients of lack of pain relief, increased narcotic
There are also a variety of physical signs to watch for including fatigue, tremors, shakiness, slurred speech, glassy or watery eyes, weight gain or loss, unsteady gait, or changes in grooming habits. Finally, look for behavioral changes including defensiveness, moodiness, outbursts, rapid changes in energy levels, insomnia, weight gain or loss, and similar symptoms. sign-outs, and other abnormal behaviors.
What to Do If You Suspect a Coworker Is Impaired
The first step is to be aware of the signs and symptoms of substance abuse in nurses. While it can be difficult to believe that a coworker has a problem or it is scary to think of making a false accusation, it is your duty to report any suspected addiction behavior for the safety of the patients and staff.
Become familiar with your company's policies for substance abuse and any available assistance programs. Document any changes in the behavior of the suspected nurse as well as questionable incidences. You may choose to confront the nurse privately and encourage him or her to seek help. In addition, you have an obligation to report any illicit activity, and you must do so. Whatever you do, do not ignore the signs, do not cover for the involved nurse, do not allow him or her to make excuses for improper behavior, and never let the impaired nurse manipulate or intimidate you.


text: Can anyone recommend a good program that will take a video file, and give me each frame as a seperate image, so I can make a boot animation out of it. Also, I have a source image file, if someone would like to help me make a boot animation out of it. I will let you know what I want it to do.


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Lake County Public Library Annual Fall Sale
Merrillville | Website
This event occurred in the past.
Map | Find Parking
The Sale is open to all on Oct. 2 from 1 to 4 p.m. and Oct. 3 from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Available are thousands of books for adults, teens and children – hardcover and softcover, paperbacks, fiction and mystery (by well known authors), non-fiction (biographies, home and garden, history, holiday, and more) - ranging in price from $.25 to $1. There are also audio-books for $1, musical CDs of all genres for $1, videocassettes for $.50, and a wide variety of DVDs for just $1 each. For members of the Friends of the Library a special Preview sale takes place Oct. 1 from 4 to 7 p.m. but is open to anyone who wishes to sign-up for a Friends membership at this time. Membership is $5 for Individual, $10 for Family, $15 for Sponsorship, and $100 for Lifetime Membership.


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Springy bright greens paired with crisp clean WHITE makes me happy! I love using green in cardmaking, but in real life, it's not one of my go-to colors for clothing or decorating. Kind of funny to me. I love how the shades of green came together on this card. I shared this card on my mom's blog last week, but here it is for those of you that missed it!
We're off for one last playdate this morning, before school starts on Monday. Then it's home to finish cookies and treats for Tanner's birthday party on Saturday! It's going to be a fun, busy weekend!!! I'll be sure to post some pictures of my first attempt at fondant icing, and some cute decorations I've been working on!
(card goodies: Close To My Heart stamps, ink, cardstock. Wright's rickrac, button)


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Saturday, July 3, 2010
Good Game
What if we lose anything in our life? What will you guys feel about it? Do you guys experience it? I had experience everything above those question. 03/07/2010 Saturday, starting with a rainy day in the morning at Taman Eng Ann, S.M.J.K. Kwang Hua to play a football match that I had never touched the field to play a real and officially football match for a long time. Before the game start, two teams facing each others and looking at the ball and the game started after my opponent team take the kick off. A nice free kick was taken by my team and that score and made it a starting and opening goal for the game. After that, our striker had put in two goals and following by me with two goals too. Before half time, guess what? The opponent team had put in three goals in the net and is that same person, he got the hat-trick first. That would be sad for me, that I already aim for a hat-trick. Half time, everyone had their good rest and in 10minutes time everyone was ready up and start second half. Kick off by our team and that second half going on process, many embarrassing came on second half that I won't list out in this blog but till the end, the opponent team won the game with the score 9-7. That's how I lost the game in my life and felt quite sad, never mind guys we had our good game! We can trash them in the next up-coming game.
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Therapeutic Benefits
Circulation and Lymph Glow helps to decongest your lymphatic system and stimulate proper circulation while soothing muscle tissue. Massaged into your skin, the formula helps to enhance the circulation and detoxification of the whole physiology. The thuja in the formula breaks down toxins, facilitating the detoxification process on a cellular level with its cleansing, antibacterial and antiviral effects.
This oil can be used on your body, either on a daily basis or at the change of seasons, to remove toxins and maintain a healthy, buoyant disposition. The change of seasons alters our body chemistry, which has an influence on the lymphatic system. This is why during seasonal transitions, it is traditional to do some form of natural cleansing to enhance the elimination of toxins and refresh the system.
Circulation and Lymph Glow can be used for swollen strains, bruises and varicose veins. It rids your muscles, tissues, organs and systems of lethargy from unreleased toxins and counteracts the unhealthy fluid stagnation that results from inactivity in the elderly.
The formula relaxes and opens your body, making it receptive to the nutrients available. Also, many of the ingredients are beautifying. Some tighten and tone body by eliminating excess fluid, while others clarify the skin, revealing a healthy radiance.
The formula works on three levels:
- Physical level: Decongesting and relaxing, it reduces fluid retention, soothes muscles and gives your skin a radiant glow.
- Emotional level: The botanicals in the formula are governed by the forces of the moon: heart-opening and uplifting, enhancing self-esteem and confidence.
- Spiritual/consciousness level: Generates warmth and receptivity. Promotes a dynamic, free flow, enabling transformation to take place.
How To Use
Topical application only. Massage small amount of undiluted Circulation and Lymph Glow onto affected area as often as needed. May be applied gently on swollen or enflamed lymph nodes, taking care not to massage them or put pressure on them.
Safety Precautions: Avoid use if pregnant or breastfeeding.
Herbal Extracts
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) – Detoxifying, diuretic, liver tonic.
Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) – Promotes skin health.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) – Anti-inflammatory, improves circulation.
Juniper (Juniperus communis) – Anti-inflammatory, diuretic.
Thuja (Thuja occidentalis) – Promotes skin health, purifies lymphatic system.
Essential Oils
Lemon (Citrus limonum) – Liver cleanser, blood purifier.
Bay Laurel(Laurus nobilis) – Clears lymph congestion, heals sprains and bruises.
Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus) – Anti-inflammatory, lymphatic decongestant, alleviates varicose veins.
Flower Essences
Calendula – Enhances receptivity to nutrients on a cellular level
Mugwort – Integrating and harmonizing to the mind-body-spirit connection.
Dandelion – Releases stored hardness and tension caused by over-striving in life
Cayenne– Removes sluggishness, stagnation and internal blocks to progress.


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Our site is advance facebook like/comment/share/follow exchange using access token . which will help in fast exchange we provide 250 likes per submit to unlimited.
Our Website Is 100% safe and spam free. we dont use your account to share anything.
Our site is trusted by thousands of people and we never let them down.


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Huawei Honor V8 Will Be Able To Capture 360 Degree Photos
by May 6, 2016 4:39 am5
Xiaomi isn't the only company unveiling an important device on May 10. The company's direct rival Chinese company, Huawei also has an important event the same day when it will unveil the Honor V8 flagship with dual camera setup. While we are still wondering what all features the new setup will bring to the device, today, the company revealed an interesting feature of the phone.
Honor just posted a new gif image on its official weibo page which reveals that the upcoming Honor V8 will be able to capture 360 degree photos. And from the image posted, it looks like the phone has done a great job capturing a full 360 degree photo of the girl. This must have something to do with the dual camera setup on the back of the device, and we will definitely hear more about this feature during the unveiling conference on May 10.
As for the other specs, the Honor V8 is going to have a high-end variant with 2K display on board, making it the first Huawei smartpone with such high resolution. Both variants will have 5.7-inch displays but the standard one comes with just 1080p resolution. Other features include 4GB of RAM, 32GB / 64GB of memory, 12MP dual cameras, 8MP front shooter, Android 6.0 and 3400mAh battery.
Thge launch is less than a week away and we can expect to hear more details about the phone in the next few days.
Honor V8 Invite Comes With Camera Samples
Honor Reveals Four New Teasers For the V8 Flagship


text: Need a place in the ID to go with a big group (because it's convenient to an earlier event) but am not a big fan of Hong Kong and Cantonese food. Anywhere we could go with a group of 10 or more that might have some decent spicier Hunan and Szechuan dishes thrown in? I have never found Chinese food in the ID that I like (although I am a huge fan of the Malay Satay Hut).


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With a goal of "zero disposal", Energy Answers' technology staff is committed to researching and advancing technological solutions to waste management problems.
Since its inception, Energy Answers has developed new, innovative, environmentally and economically sound technologies for use by municipalities and private investors around the world.
eco/Technologies, LLC was founded in 1998 to focus Energy Answers efforts in advancing technologies dedicated to zero disposal of societys wastes and zero carbon emissions in response to the growing evidence of global warming. Successful technology development requires a strong link between the development, testing and operation of the new technology to ensure the best results.
eco/Tech has developed, or refined, the following innovative technologies:
- Processed Refuse Fuel™
- Pioneer-Plus™
- Sludge Recycling System™


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Side Letter Stripes Contrast Patch Jogger Pants - L
Fit US Size:30,Length:35.43.(In inches) Fit US Size:32,Length:36.22.(In inches) Fit US Size:34,Length:37.01.(In inches) Fit US Size:36,Length:37.8.(In inches) Fit US Size:38,Length:38.58.(In inches)
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Pant Style: Jogger Pants
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Material: Cotton,Polyester
With Belt: No
Weight: 0.3860kg
Package Contents: 1 x Jogger Pants
- Receiving time = Processing time + Shipping time
- Priority Direct Mail: 7-15 bussiness days
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- Expedited Shipping: 3-7 bussiness days
Our Guarantee: 30 Day Returns or Exchange guarantee from the delivered date.
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Mobile development
Budget $30-250 USD
I need a Live TV Android and IOS app. I would like it designed and built.
simple app that will have tv page as the homepage, Show - this will allow me to upload images of different shows, schedule, share, contact page and push notifications. I will provide all the graphics and illustrations
19 freelancers are bidding on average $331 for this job
Dear sir. As you can see my works in my profile,I have full experience in android,ios,php webservice, panel. I have made ChatApp, Lock screen, Social and Reward Coupone,PhotoSharing, News app for iphone and android. More
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Hi, I have 5+ years of experience in app development. I have successfully launched 40+ apps on Google Play Store. I have working experience on both Eclipse and android studio. I am especially master in Java. In term More
Hello, Greetings!! Thank you for taking time to review our bid. We found that you are looking for an expert MOBILE APP developer to work on your project for working with and provide you the quality of work. We More
Hello respected client, Hope you are doing well. I have gone through your project requirement. I can build this live tv app for both platform as per your needs with great perfection in timely manner. I have 5 year e More
Hello, Thank you very much for sharing your requirement to develop a Live TV Android and IOS app. I am very much familiar and experienced in building apps with similar functionality and I believe my skills set and e More
Hi I work towards providing reliable, relevant and robust IT solutions at most competitive prices to my customers. I ensure 100% customer satisfaction
Hello, I have gone through your job requirement, here you are looking to build a native application for Android & iOS platform. Where user can see live shows, schedule, share, contact page and push notifications.... More
HI, I am 6 years experience in this field with more than 100+ apps on play & apple store & I can help you witH Android & IOS both application if required. For my worksample please visit my portfolio/profile and eve More
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Child's Pose in between as needed.
***Thanks to Christy Parker for all of her wisdom, support and patience! Christy is not only a Certified Yoga Instructor and Certified Christian Yoga Instructor, but an Instructor in Krav Maga AND has a wonderful blog about natural skin care, home improvement DIY's and more! Check her out at journeytopowerhousediydarling.blogspot.com


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Trail Running Shoes Uk
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I'm looking to buy a Viscous Horror.
Can anyone who has purchased one let me know what you paid for it, so I can build up an accurate picture of what it seems to go for.
Thanks for your help,
Saite wrote:Thanks for all the replies, very helpful.
So, based on what you all said, I jumped in and bought one for 90K. I have a fear that they will become even less common when the new raid comes out and coupled with the comments about people wanting to buy one for 50K but getting no bites, I thought it would be best to pay up now and cross this one off the list!
In 5.4, TOT will become cross-realm. The other thing is that TOT was been fairly difficult for casual guilds, a lot on my server still aren´t clearing it. More than likely they will continue to run it when SoO launches.
Saite wrote:In 5.4, TOT will become cross-realm. The other thing is that TOT was been fairly difficult for casual guilds, a lot on my server still aren´t clearing it. More than likely they will continue to run it when SoO launches.
Yeah, we will have to see which way it will go. As others have said, despite the Cross-Realm stuff and the changes in 5.4, it is possible there will be less of these pets about. I think there will be less ToT runs overall in 5.4, and quite a lot less. There will be a lot of pug runs, but not as many runs as there are currently. Also, the problem with this pet is that anyone getting into a pug in 5.4 because of this pet will learn it instantly and it won't turn up for sale on the AH.
As for getting the gold across to another server, what I did was buy a couple of Banana's and one Dragon Kite when they were up on the BMAH on my low pop server (where all my gold is). Then I caged them and sold them on a level 1 I created on a very high pop server. That gave me enough gold to pick up the Viscous Horror and a few TGC pets. I also pick up any other pets on the BMAH when I can (Crimson Whelp, Disgusting Oozling etc) for the same reason. It's an easy way to get gold across. Oh and I sometimes pay a little over the odds at the BMAH, just to make sure I win. It is worth it if it means you can transfer the pet over. All that gold on a server with not many decent pets for sale is an issue! This solves it without the need to do Character Transfers or a Guild Transfer.
Good luck...
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Who's leading as of NOW?
Today's Prodigy Workout
"Death by Lateral Burpees and Deadlifts"
Min 1: 1 Lateral burpees, 1 Deadlift
Min 2: 2 Lateral burpees, 2 Deadlifts . . .
Today's Game
Musical Medicine BallsI get the behind the scenes look at everything and it's pretty school. When you sign your name below, click 3, 1, 1 and 1. I see when your score comes through. I also see if you misspelled your name or clicked enter too soon. I can also see if you forgot to log your score for the day! If you do forget, it's ok, what's most important is that you are making concious decisions in your life regarding your food and your health! Keep choosing vegetables over sugar. Get to bed on time to you can have a successful day at school and limit that TV and computer time, (Facebook DOES count). And don't forget you can check the scoreboard by clicking HERE!
In the lead as of right now is….drumroll…….. Hannah Goldsobel, good work Hannah! Keep up the good work!
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... one more for the road
Off to the Craft fair, I am (11 to 2, today May 12, down on Bellevue Av in Bird Rock... hope to see you there), but wait!
One more for the road....
Another of those flowers pot, on a wooden table, with a beautiful sentiment framed in a Label #10 Nestability.
The opening under the table is made with a label #19 Nestability.
Until next time....


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Women's Golfers Begin Season at Oregon State
Sept. 16, 2002
The 2002-03 UCLA women's golf season begins today at the Trysting Tree Golf Club in Corvallis, OR, and the Bruins boast a young and talented team.
Eight letter-winners return from last year's NCAA West Regional championship squad, which lost just one player - senior Alicia Um - to graduation.
The Bruins welcome two newcomers this season in freshman Susie Mathews and junior transfer Hana Kim. Mathews is a veteran international standout from Australia and Kim boasts more than 65 collegiate rounds after earning two varsity letters at Northwestern.
Also returning for fourth-year Coach Carrie Leary are junior Gina Umeck and sophomore Yvonne Choe, each an all-conference selection last season. Junior Melissa Martin, who boasts more than 20 collegiate appearances, led the team last season in rounds played and earned all-conference academic honors.
Junior Saki Uechi, who has 41 rounds of experience, also qualified to play at the Bruins' opening event. She has three career Top 20 finishes.
Other returning letter-winners include: junior Bridget Dwyer, sophomore Charlotte Mayorkas, senior Vivan Phosomran, junior Krystal Shearer and sophomore Kristin Thompson.
Basketball Pre-Game ShowTOMORROW | 11:30am PTLive
TOMORROW | 12:00pm PTLive
Airing on:
- Pac-12 Network
- Pac-12 Bay Area
TOMORROW | 2:00pm PTLive
Airing on:
- Pac-12 Network
- Pac-12 Los Angeles


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|Mavs Cuban On The Record: Two Fueled-Up Jets, 'No B.S. And All Business'
|by Mike Fisher
|Tue, Jun 29, 2010, 07:29 AM
Mavs Owner's Comments Reflect DB.com Reports On Shopping Plans
By Mike Fisher -- DB.com
has spent the last three days saying it for Mark Cuban.
We've quoted Donnie Nelson as saying the Mavs owner will "have the entire American Airlines fleet ready.'' We've told you that Dallas will run its Summer Shopping ".'' We've told you that , where some of the necessary business might be conducted.
We've told you these things through our prism of information gathering. …
But now Cuban himself is adding to our reports – on the record.
"Since we can't talk to agents until (Thursday), it's up in the air,'' Cuban said last night regarding specific targets. "But I have two jets fueled and ready to go if we need to.''
Less B.S. and more business.
Planes fueled up and ready to go.
All of this while Cuban was … in Los Angeles.
DB.com readers already knew this information, of course. ... But now you've heard it from Cuban himself.
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text: EXTENDED CUT: Pax and the rowdiest parents of R&V Rhythm and Vines 05/01/2017 Back by popular demand... It's Susan and Dave's full convo with Pax at the R&V main stage. Win Win the opportunity to DJ At R&V! Want to DJ at The Chiller AKA The Fridge at R&V 2018/19? Wellington Wellworks Kombucha Shouts Score a cheeky 4 pack of Banjo Brews Kombucha from Wellworks Pharmacy, now serving 'booch' on tap! Check Out More Breakfast Chlöe Swarbrick reveals which politician she'd do buckies with and what the new bill means for NZ 14/12/2018 new music Bad Manners, Benny Boy and Troy Kete duo, drop brand new track 'Setting Sun' 13/12/2018 Breakfast Think you had a good yardie time? Think again... Watch a guy who did it in 12 secs 13/12/2018 interview Netsky reckons Rhythm and Vines is his favourite festival in the world 13/12/2018 Concert Netsky is returning to Aotearoa for a summer tour in 2019 12/12/2018 Life Coach How to deal with a dickhead flatmate and knowing whether your crush likes ya back 10/12/2018 Breakfast One of NZ's only doctors that prescribes medicinal cannabis on why there should be more people like him 07/12/2018 Breakfast Tammy confronts Stu after he invited his Mrs to a movie 06/12/2018 Out and About We found the best dumplings in Auckland and you'll want to get your hands on them ASAP 05/12/2018


text: Well I have a blog which I will be adding like 50 posts daily, or more, all with movie details. I got a twitter account with 3,000 followers, and I would like to connect it iwth a plugin on wordpress so whenever I make a post, it publishes it on my Twitter account. CAN ANYONE RECOMMEND ME 1 THAT YOU USED. I tried 3, all suck.. n don't work


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Before I begin, here is a physical representation of my reaction to the trade that sent Taylor Hall out of Edmonton (watch from 0:08 - 0:15)
Like most Oilers fans (and hockey fans for that matter), I was losing it when I first heard this trade. Taylor Hall was personally one of my favorite players on the Oilers, he was one of the players Edmonton SHOULDN'T have traded, and history suggests that Hall would have an incredible career with the Devils. However when I finally came to accept that this trade happened and I started to dig a little bit deeper into it, I realized that the trade wasn't that bad, at least in terms of function. Let me explain.
First off, let me say this. This trade is absolutely terrible. They traded away a winger who scored 65 pts this past season (and ranks 3rd among left wingers in points, behind Alex Ovechkin and Jamie Benn) while Larsson has only mustered 69 points in 4 NHL seasons. Now granted, Hall is a high scoring forward and not a low scoring defenceman, but at the end of the day, this trade is just an absolute terrible deal whichever way you look at it.
But while the trade itself is terrible, the functionality of this trade makes sense. According to GeneralFanager.com, the Oilers currently have $13,288,835 in cap space. This figure takes into account the amount of cap freed from Hall's contract, but also the new money Edmonton will be paying Larsson for the next 5 seasons. This means that the Oilers now have the flexibility to extend the contracts of Leon Draisitl, Connor McDavid, Darnell Nurse, and Jesse Puljujarvi, once their ELC (entry level contracts) expire in the next three years (Draisitl's in 2017, McDavid's and Nurse's in 2018, Puljujarvi in 2019).
This trade also helps the Oilers address the defensive woes of the team, both in terms of beefing it up and adding another right handed shot defenceman. The Oilers only had three RHD last year, Clendenning, Fayne, Gryba. With Clendenning not recieving a qualifying sheet and Gryba still yet to be resigned, the Oilers only have 2 official RHD (Fayne and Larsson).
Another thing this trade did was show the fans of Edmonton that
Chiarelli is deadly serious in making this team good again. At the end
of the 2014/2015 season (before the PC was hired), MacT came out and
said that Hall, Nugent-Hopkins, Eberle and Yakupov under any
circumstances WERE NOT going to be traded. But with Chiarelli at the
helm, and having had a full year to understand what the Oilers need,
he's doing whatever he can to help the Oilers become a better team. He
even said it himself. "This is the price you have to pay for defence."
This trade was a statement. Chiarelli isn't afraid to trade one of
Edmonton's young players, if it means helping the Oilers out.
Finally this trade, along the $13M cap space, gives Edmonton the chance to sign both Jason Demers and Milan Lucic on July 1st. Recall that both of them were in Edmonton on Tuesday talking to the Oilers management. Both have assests that the Oilers can use to great effect and signing them won't be easy (especially since Milan Lucic would be asking for top-dollar). This means that if the Oilers do sign both Demers and Lucic, they'll basically have traded Taylor Hall for Jason Demers, Adam Larsson, and Milan Lucic.
So yeah, this trade is as lopsided and stupid as stupid and lopsided trades go. The return isn't worth Hall and he's much more valuable to the Oilers than Larsson is, by their numbers alone. However when you really get into it, this trade ultimately makes sense and helps the Oilers to take the next step forward in making the playoffs and ultimately contending for the Stanley Cup. And who knows? Maybe Larsson will work out just fine and Chiarelli would've made a smart move here. But until then, we have no choice but to wait until July 1st and ultimately next season, to see if this trade paid off.
And with that, I bid farewell and good luck to Taylor Hall in New Jersey.


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Medical questions & health advice by board certified doctors
"Why are my nostrils itchy?"
I don't have a cold or anything but my nostrils are really itchy. My snot is also coming out a little bit more than usual. What is making this happen? Why is the inside of my nose so itchy?
Itching in the nose, together with an increase in the amount of nasal mucus, are both signs that you have some inflammation inside they nose. There are at least two common causes of this. The first would be a common viral infection, such as the common cold. This may begin with itching and increased mucus in the early days of the infection prior to progressing to a full blown cold with nasal congestion, cough, and other symptoms. The second common cause would be nasal allergies, which are commonly causes this time of year by indoor allergens like mold, mites, and the like. In addition to itching and nasal mucus, there may also be frequent sneezing, nasal congestion, or eye itching or redness. I suggest that you go see your primary care doctor about this issue. They will be able to examine you and figure out what is going on. If this ends up just being a viral infection, then there is no need to use any specific treatment, as it will get better on its own. However, if this is nasal allergies, it will be helpful to take an anti allergy medication, such as an anti histamine, and your doctor can recommend a good one for you.
Need more info?See a primary care-doctor today
Zocdoc Answers is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor (in the United States) 911 immediately. Always seek the advice of your doctor before starting or changing treatment. Medical professionals who provide responses to health-related questions are intended third party beneficiaries with certain rights under Zocdoc's Terms of Service.


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Since the Oscar selfie was taken lots of celebrities have re-recated their own version.
But now the One Direction boys decided to give their take on the photo.
The boys posed for the selfie what has been liked 350,000 times, re-tweeted 21,658 times and favourited 36,444 times.
Band member Liam Payne shared the photo and then posted another one with fellow band member Harry Styles cropped out of the photo lol.


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In Hopedale, Sylvan's Coding for Kids courses know how to deliver the fun! We teach elementary and middle school-aged kids programming skills and video game design with our super interesting and interactive programs. It's a unique way to help your son or daughter develop vital creative, technical and problem solving abilities he or she can put to use in school and beyond.
Our Coding for Kids Courses Feature:
- Fun, interactive projects your child will look forward to working on, including learning how to design and develop animations and special effects
- Experience with kid-friendly Tynker™ technology, which helps take the confusion out of learning computer programming
- A learning environment that is highly engaging thanks to plenty of opportunities to collaborate with and learn from other students
- Weekly challenges that lead up to creating and programming a video game to play with friends and family


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Upcoming Events
April 30 -- 6:30-7:30 pm -- POEF (Room 24)
May 1 -- 5:00-7:00 pm -- SSU School of Education Awards Ceremony
May 6 -- 7:00 pm -- Governing Board Meeting (Room 24)
May 3-8 -- Public Schools Week at Coddingtown Mall
May 9 -- Open House at Olivet
May 16 -- Open House at Jack London and Schaefer
May 20 -- 12:00 - 3:00 pm Certificated Negotiations (Room 24)
May 21 -- Site Faculty Meetings
May 23 -- 6:00 pm Unveiling of the POCS Mural Project
May 27 -- Memorial Day (No School)
May 28 -- 6:30 pm -- POEF (Room 24)
May 30 -- 4:00-5:00 pm -- POCS 8th Grade Graduation
May 31 -- NWP Student Exhibition Night
June 5 -- 7:00 pm -- Governing Board Meeting (Room 24)
June 6 -- Minimum Day
June 7 -- Minimum Day (Last Day of School)
June 10 -- 8:00-12:00 pm -- ieSonoma at Sonoma County Day School
PD Opportunity
Below you will find a few professional development opportunity that will be offered at SCOE. To find out more about the workshop session or to sign-up, click on the title below.
Olivet Variety Show -- April 12, 2013
Schaefer Beautification Day -- April 28, 2013
Northwest Prep Receives Educational Innovation Award
Public Schools Week -- May 3rd - May 8th
POCS - Mural Unveiling and Arts Night -- May 23rd (Save the Date)
All are invited to the unveiling of the POCS mural and the arts on May 23rd from 6:00-8:00 pm. It will be an evening of delicious food, the dedication of the new whimsical murals, a silent auction for original artwork, poetry readings, music, skits, and a variety of performances by our talented students.
ieSonoma -- with Sir Ken Robinson -- June 10th
On June 10th from 8:00 am-12:00 pm, ieSonoma will be hosting a half day session at Sonoma Country Day School that will bring Sir Ken Robinson, an internationally recognized leader in the development of education, creativity and innovation as well as representatives from Sonoma State University and the local business community to discuss 21st Century Learning. Event registration is free for current teachers and students.


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Seattle Public Schools leads state in rigorous certification
From the state Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction:
OLYMPIA — Washington has the largest group of new National Board Certified Teachers (NBCTs) for the third consecutive year, according to numbers released today by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards.
A total of 329 Washington teachers achieved their certification this year. Washington ranks fourth, nationwide, in the total number of NBCTs (8,614)*.
"The National Board certification process is not easy," said Randy Dorn, superintendent of public instruction. "It takes content knowledge and commitment to student learning. I'm proud of the work these teachers have done for their students and their profession."
Washington by the numbers:
- Number of new NBCTs in 2015: 329 (national rank: 1st)
- Total number of NBCTs: 8,614 (national rank: 4th)
- Washington has two of the top 30 school districts in the nation for the total number of NBCTs.
- 38% (126) of new NBCTs teach in "challenging schools."
- 14% (8,614) of teachers are NBCTs.
- 33% (107) of new NBCTs teach in STEM fields
Across the country, fewer teachers were certified this year because the National Board started transitioning to a new certification process in 2014. Because it can take up to three years to earn certification, the NBCTs announced this year have been using the process in place prior to 2014. The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards is making changes to the process to remove barriers to earning certification that have nothing to do with whether a teacher is accomplished.
Washington's investment in the National Board program is critical to its success. The state's conditional loan program helps candidates pay for the cost of certification. Loans are repaid using the bonuses teachers earn after becoming certified. Nearly half of these new NBCTs participated in the loan program and will pay back more than $320,000 into the revolving fund so that money can be made available to new candidates.
A joint effort led by the Office of the Governor, the Washington Education Association, the Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction and the Center for Strengthening the Teaching Profession, as well as to broad bipartisan support in the state Legislature, has led to a rapid increase in NBCTs in Washington.
Gov. Jay Inslee acknowledged the dedication of the new NBCTs. "Congratulations to the 329 Washington teachers who earned their national board certification, one of the best-known gold standards in the teaching profession. These teachers have shown true dedication to their students and their profession, and I commend their ongoing commitment to helping our students excel."
Top 9 school districts in Washington with new NBCTs:
- Seattle+ (23)
- Kent (18)
- Evergreen – Clark (17)
- Federal Way (16)
- North Thurston (11)
- Pasco (11)
- Spokane (11)
- Tacoma (11)
- Clover Park (10)
+ Seattle Public Schools ranks nationally in the top 30 districts by total number of NBCTs.
Board certification by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards requires teachers to submit a four-part portfolio and a six-exercise content and pedagogy assessment. The 10 entries document a teacher's success in the classroom as evidenced by his or her students' learning. The portfolio is then assessed by a national panel of peers.
In 2007, the state Legislature passed a bill that awards a $5,000 bonus to each NBCT. Teachers can receive up to an additional $5,000 bonus if they teach in "challenging" schools, which are defined as having a certain percentage of students qualify for free and reduced-price lunch (50 percent for high schools, 60 percent for middle schools and 70 percent for elementary schools).
For more information
* This number varies slightly from the number reported by the board. The Board relies on teachers to self-report and maintain their contact information. Some teachers choose not to share that information. OSPI relies on a combination S-275 personnel data and Board data, and the combination is considered to be more accurate.
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