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Intel gave CEO Paul Otellini a substantial pay raise last year, doubling the value of his compensation, according to a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Otellini's total compensation package clocked in at $12.1 million last year, up from $5.9 million the previous year--an increase of 104 percent.
Intel investors, meanwhile, saw the chip giant's stock jump 33.6 percent during the year, as the Dow logged a 5 percent gain and the Nasdaq a 7.6 percent increase.
Otellini's pay hike was the result of trying to bring his compensation package in line with those at peer companies, Intel said in the SEC filing. The bulk of the 2007 increase came from giving his total cash compensation a 91 percent jolt to $4.7 million, while his base pay received a 10 percent increase to $770,000.
"Both elements were increased in light of peer data indicating that his cash compensation was significantly below the committee's compensation goals," Intel said.
And despite more than doubling Otellini's compensation in 2007, the Intel board's compensation committee, according to the filing, "believes that his total compensation was still significantly below the 65th percentile (among the peer group)."
And who are the peers in this group, besides the usual suspects of archrival Advanced Micro Devices, a range of computer makers, and software companies? Add to the mix Coca-Cola, Exxon Mobil, Chevron, Safeway, Bank of America, and a host of others.
"For 2007, the peer group consisted of technology companies generally considered comparable to Intel as well as non-technology companies within the Fortune 100. For the peer group used in 2007, the committee's intent was to choose companies that had one or more attributes similar to Intel's, including semiconductor or computer design, manufacturing and integration, and large enterprises with global operations," Intel stated in its filing.
While some investors may question the sizable bump to Otellini's wallet, one thing to note is that about a third of the overall increase came from a long-term stock option award of 700,000 shares that was front-loaded in 2007.
Otellini's long-term stock option award was granted in a single year instead of spread over a number of years. The decision was to "reinforce the at risk, performance-based nature of Otellini's total compensation package," Intel noted in its filing.
While staggered stock option awards are often used as golden handcuffs to retain executives, it seems in this case that Intel is more interested in boosting its share price than it is worried that Otellini might bolt. After all, doubling the pay package may have addressed the latter concern.


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Bikini Day
2018-10-23 Articles:
2017-10-03 Campaign:
Peace Wave News No.4 (September 26, 2017)
2017-09-14 Campaign:
Let Us Launch the "Peace Wave" Actions from September 20 to 26, calling for all governments of the World to Join the Treaty to Prohibit Nuclear Weapons
2017-09-03 Statement:
We Condemn North Korea for Its Nuclear Test
2016-05-16 Statement:
Statement on President Obama's planned visit to Hiroshima
2016-04-27 Articles:
Hibakusha's Appeal International Signature Campaign Started
2016-03-28 Statement:
We Protest against Remarks of Cabinet Legislation Bureau Director-General Affirming Japan's Possible Use of Nuclear Weapons and Demand Their Withdrawal
2016-03-14 Bikini Day:
2016 March 1 Bikini Day February 28 - March 1, 2016, Shizuoka and Yaizu
2016-03-14 Bikini Day:
International Forum - Dr Jenny Clegg's Remark
2016-03-14 Bikini Day:
Geopolitical Struggle and the Imperatives of Nuclear Weapons Abolition
2016-03-14 Bikini Day:
Remarks for Bikini Day, Japan, 2016
2016-03-14 Bikini Day:
Beyond 70 Years Since A-bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki – Now is the Time to Create a Nationwide People's Movement for Abolition of Nuclear Weapons
2016-03-07 Statement:
Message of Solidarity to "Stop Trident Rally"
2015-12-17 Statement:
Japanese Government Must Not Sign the Japan-India Nuclear Agreement: We Demand Peace Diplomacy Befitting the A-Bombed Country
2015-11-06 Articles:
Brief Report on the Hibakusha Tour to Belgium and Netherlands (September 17 - 23, 2015)
2015-11-05 Speeche:
Severe Nuclear Power Plant Accident in Japan -- A medical doctor's perspective --
2015-11-05 Speeche:
My Experience of the Atomic Bombing and Message of the Hibakusha
2015-11-05 Speeche:
My Experience of A-bombing and Desire for a Peaceful Nuclear Weapon-free World
2015-11-05 Speeche:
My Appeal to the World
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Testimony of the Atomic Bombing - Teruko Yokoyama
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Brief Report on the Hibakusha Tour to Finland and Sweden (October 4 - 13, 2015)
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Report on the Hibakusha Tour to Spain - France - U.K. (October 4 - 14, 2015)
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We Protest against Forcible Enactment of War Laws and Demand Their Abrogation
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2015 National Peace March
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Focusing on the Inhumanity of Nuclear Weapons, Let Us Hold A-bomb Exhibitions throughout the World
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Great Nationwide Peace March 2014
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Towards the 2015 NPT Review Conference: We Call for Intense Effort to Achieve a Total Ban and Elimination of Nuclear Weapons, in Response to the People's Desire of the Only A-Bombed Country
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Bravo shot survivor calls for justice to victims and abolition of nukes in Marshall Islands
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Letter to President Vladimir Putin of the Russian Federation We call for an end to military intervention in Ukraine
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Crises and the Opportunities of the Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty Review
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subset: commoncrawl


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|"We are moisture specialists," says Mark Tiffee, who considers the building envelope the primary defense in protecting the structure. "Water-proofing the home avoids future problems. It provides a huge peace of mind to the homeowner." The first step in removing synthetic stucco is to scaffold the area. A plastic tent is installed over the scaffolding to protect the house from inclement weather. The stucco is removed and disposed of in a drop box. Once the sheathing has been exposed, secondary defects are examined. Any areas with dry rot are removed, "like removing the cancer," Tiffee says. Studs that are rotten are cut out, and one stud is nailed to another "like a splint on a leg." Tiffee says 5-20% of the sheathing in these EIFS removal cases requires dry-rot repair. Leaking windows are addressed at the same time and replaced, if necessary. All windows are detailed with a waterproof barrier such as Grace Ice & Water Shield. Tiffee also integrates a moisture barrier with special flashings around windows, decks, doors, concrete, stone, brick and gutters. "The system is waterproofed even before the envelope is done," he says. "The siding is just icing on the cake."
Poorly installed synthetic stucco on homes constructed in the 1980s and '90s has created homeowner nightmares and substantial litigation. "It is a huge problem," says Mark Tiffee, president of A Cut Above Siding and Windows in Portland, Ore. In 2002 the company completed about 30 exterior remodeling jobs involving removal of EIFS. Tiffee expects to do 80 to 100 similar jobs in 2003.
This Portland home displayed characteristic defects, says Tiffee. Synthetic stucco was installed without any moisture barrier underneath it, and the house was caulked and sealed improperly. "EIFS is dependent on keeping the water out to protect the framing underneath," Tiffee says.
The majority of A Cut Above's jobs are in excess of $100,000. In addition to removing the EIFS, the company must repair secondary defects from dry rot, decks that are leaking or improperly flashed, and leaking windows. "There is a substantial amount of money associated with secondary defects caused by EIFS," Tiffee says. He has had jobs on which it cost $40,000 to $60,000 just to fix the framing because of moisture-related problems.
On this 4,500-square-foot home, synthetic stucco was removed and replaced with brick, stone and cedar siding. Dry rot was isolated to some stud replacement and plywood. Other construction defects such as improper deck flashing and gutter flashing also had to be repaired.
Tiffee says homeowners are reluctant to spend $100,000 to correct a problem that will not necessarily increase the value of their property. "But if they don't take care of the problem," he says, "it can put their home in jeopardy."


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ARNBy hanan bedri Follow | Public
ARN is a 501(c)(3) non-profit automotive organization whose mission is to drive automotive excellence and foster the development of automotive professionals.
We are committed to ADVANCING the automotive profession, CONNECTING automotive executives, and positively IMPACTING the automotive industry. This is exemplified by ARN's informative white papers, quarterly automotive and economic outlook reports, quarterly regulatory and compliance reports, automotive articles, quarterly industry executives roundtable meetings, automotive annual conference, on-demand presentations, online courses, and credentialing programs.


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Hello all,
This might be crazy but I would like to make a double sided simple sign that is bigger than my cnc. I was planning on tiling in 3 sections than glue together after carving and repeat the same with the another sign carve (tile) and than glue together. After these 2 signs are dried than I was planing on gluing both signs together. Now should I put a backing board in between them or just glue the 2 signs together by themselves. After all gluing together it should be about 1.5" thick.
Or do you all think a 34" x 24" x .75" is thick enough for this size and just carve (tile) and cut each side than glue together.
Hope this makes since..
Not really sure how thick the bigger signs should be and by the way I will be using Mariata Pine.
Thank you all for your comments rather good or bad.


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Church Meetings
Where are you going next?" they asked. I was down at the radio station recording a Minute for broadcast. "A church meeting," I said, and said it with the tone of a guy who doesn't like meetings. That got me to do a quick search of my mind. "You know, I can only think of one meeting in the Bible that Jesus attended. That was with the religious authorities on Maundy Thursday…and they killed Him." Jennie quickly added, "But it turned out well."
Worshippers last Sunday heard the story of "doubting Thomas" (John 20). The disciples were gathered together, afraid for their future, when the resurrected Jesus appeared. Thomas missed that "meeting" and doubted the "minutes" that Jesus was alive, but the next week Jesus appeared again and Thomas believed. Jesus may not have gone to many meetings but after Easter He did appear where disciples were gathered and let them know He was alive and the Father's mission was moving forward.
Back to that one church meeting we know Jesus attended, the one that led to His death. You probably go to some meetings like that, filled with reasons why the mission can't go forward. Here's praying the Spirit of Jesus appears and the doubters get on board with the resurrected mission. Then it too will turn out well!
To subscribe or unsubscribe send any email to email@example.com
Copyright © Dale A Meyer 2009


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Garlic Roasted Mashed PotatoesFrom floydc 10 years ago
- 1 head of roasted garlic shopping list
- butter shopping list
- sour cream shopping list
- salt and pepper shopping list
- 3 lbs of potatoes shopping list
How to make it
- Heat the oven to 400, cut off the top of the garlic to expose the tops of all the cloves, drizzle the head of garlic with olive oil and place in a garlic roaster or loosely wrap it in foil. Place in the oven for aprox. 45 mins or until the husk and the tops of the cloves are brown.
- Peel and quarter the potatoes, boil and drain. Make sure the potatoes are completly drained and some of the water has evoperated from the potatoes. Time this process so the potatoes are done about the same time as the garlic.
- Add one to two spoonfuls of butter.
- Add three to four large spoonfuls of sour cream.
- squeeze the garlic paste from its husk and add to the potatoes.
- Mix ingredients with a hand mixer.
- add sour cream until you have desired texture.
- Add salt and pepper to taste.
- Enjoy!
People Who Like This Dish 6
Reviews & Comments 5
- novellainsect ate it and said... Was this review helpful? Yes Flag
- httpmom 10 years ago Was this review helpful? Yes Flag
- mohondro ate it and said... Was this review helpful? Yes Flag
- cookinggood ate it and said... Was this review helpful? Yes Flag
- lycett ate it and said... Was this review helpful? Yes Flag
The Cookfloydc Palouse, WA
The Rating4 people
THESE SOUND GREAT..KEEP ROCKINlycett in CANYON COUNTRY loved it
Great Recipe!
Ferricookinggood in Leesburg loved it
Great recipe! Love garlic and potatoes so this is a definite winner!mohondro in Palouse loved it
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Do you wish to maximise area, get pleasure from extra natural mild or improve the outside of your property? In change, the cost says, the auditor's office lowered the tax valuation on Mont Granite's Solon workplace diminished from $1.56 million to $1.23 million, and Bafna talked Russo out of a valuation enhance of $250,000 on his Pepper Pike house, which restored the value to about $865,000.
A capital improvement is something that adds value to your private home, prolongs its life or adapts it to new uses. You possibly can see it is smart to keep observe of no matter you spend to repair up, broaden or restore your home, so you can cut back or keep away from taxes if you sell. We're proud to nonetheless be a WA owned and operated company and with our complete deal with renovations in Perth and the South West, we are able to assure that Summit House Improvements will make your own home transformation desires a reality. Adding light and including value to your property's inside and exterior look is an funding for a few years to come. At 1st Alternative Dwelling Improvements we also acknowledge how essential it's to stay inside a plan for your finances. Way more importantly, these kind of grants are obtained totally free and you by no means have to pay it again.
The Leading Indicator of Reworking Activity (LIRA) is designed to estimate nationwide home-owner spending on improvements for the present quarter and subsequent three quarters. Out of all of the suggestions gathered from trade professionals all of them stated including one other bed room elevated a properties worth by up to £10,000-£15,000. High off your bay window with a copper roof and you've got a triple play or adding architectural charm to your house that will pay dividends time and time again.
We assure that your Perth residence renovations and improvements shall be delivered on time and on budget, making us the price-effective renovation experts you'll be able to depend on. No wonder extra West Australians select us than every other residence improvement company.
Aspen Home Enhancements is conveniently positioned on Lititz Pike in Lancaster, Pa. We serve prospects over a big space of central and jap Pennsylvania, together with Lancaster, Harrisburg, York, Studying, Chester, and Berks. Finding a superb contractor to do repairs and improvements on your house is essential.… Read MoreRead More


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Open Mic Fridays at Mer's Kitchen West Vancouver
Fri, 22 September 2017, 7:00 PM – 11:59 PM PDT
Fri, 22 September 2017
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Mer's Kitchen Restaurant and Venue
115-1425 Marine Drive
West Vancouver, BC V7T 1B8
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This very successful open mic has had many amazing talent come through although it being around for only 6 months.We expect great things this fall and winter. that means YOU must get in and get some action.
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This Chistmas with Carley Ann being 3 and Anna Claire being 18 months really was fun. It's so good to watch the delight in their eyes over the new toys and watch them as they learn how to work each one. The big present they got was a pink Jeep they can ride around in the yard. It was a far cry from the pedal car I remember my brother getting when he was about their age... or was it me? I can't remember who got it, just that we had as much fun with it as Anna Claire and Carley Ann did driving around in the back yard of their house.
The special event, however, came Christmas night when they all came over to my house for Christmas dinner. My mother came to eat with us so that made four adults and two children, the perfect number to sit around the breakfast room table. I wish I had a picture to show you how beautiful the table looked and wish I had a video to show you what happened when we read the passage from Luke 2 about the birth of Jesus. After we said the blessing and everyone begin to pass food around and help the girls with their plates, I read Luke 2. Carley amazed me with how much she knew about the birth of Jesus as she interruped time and time again to add her understanding of what the verses were saying. I almost had to stop several times and just let her tell it. My heart exploded with pride and also thankgiving for I know she did not learn this on her own but have been guided by her parents.
Being a grandmother is such a joy and I'm so thankful for my family.
Lord, thank you so much for giving us the most wonderful gift of your Son. You are awesome in your wisdom and love for all of us. Thank you for knowing each of us personally and giving us all what we need each day and more. Thank you for each breath we take, each day we live, each talent you fill us with, each person you bring into our lives, the food on our table, the roof over our heads and the rain as of late.
Lord, you know each desire of our hearts. I pray today for your continued presence in the lives of my family and also for those who are in our hearts. I pray for Tom, Sandra, Norman, and all of Tom's relatives. Thank you for working in their lives in small and big ways.
By faith we all walk in the knowledge that you are Lord and have the wisdom to work out all our daily concerns. I pray for our nation and for this world that you will work in the lives of those that are responsible for making decisions in all areas that effect us. Thank you again for all your blessings for it is in the name of your Son, Jesus Christ, I pray these things.


text: Fall's Coming, Skin's Changing. 5 Reasons Why We Love Dermaplaning You've probably heard of Dermaplaning but likely haven't tried it. It's a physical exfoliation procedure known to be one of the most effective. We take a surgical scalpel... read more → October 10, 2017 rbadmin 4,431 Comments Beauty, Skin Care


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Neovora Portland SEO Company
Local SEO Experts
Neovora Portland is an SEO company specializing in all digital marketing channels.
We operate in Portland, Oregon (PDX) and around the United States. We partner with local small and medium businesses who are looking to generate leads and implement rewarding digital marketing systems.
The strategies that we implement are: search engine marketing, email marketing, PPC, content marketing, search engine optimization, and video marketing.
Our proven systems dramatically increase conversion rate and utilize the most profitable and popular sales channel. Next level lead generation is the result. Our partners enjoy dominating the first page of Google and other search engines for the most competitive and lucrative keywords.
Contact Us
Neovora Portland
6312 SW Capitol Hwy Suite 1020
Portland, OR 97239
(503) 937-2000
SEO Portland OR


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€ 4,75
Features & benefits
- S Professional Gentle Styling Brush
- Length 21mm
- Ionic nylon bristles with balled tips
- Ideal for reducing static
- Ergonomic handle with EVA foam
In Stock
To reduce static and smooth the hair, use the S Professional Gentle Styling Brush with 21mm length. The ionic coated bristles have balled tips for easy combing. It reduces static and smooths while it brushes. An ergonomic handle with EVA foam for extra comfort and control.
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Here's another one I never got around to painting. (just buying a little time till I'm able to post another cartoon.)
Ever seen the 1931 Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde movie starring Fredric March? It's one of my favorite films. Mr. March won an Oscar for his performance in it, which is almost unheard of for a horror film. The beautiful Miriam Hopkins also starred. That other Dr. Jekyll film starring Spencer Tracy?.. don't waste your time. This is the one to see.
So, I thought I'd do a tribute to it back in '97, combining March/Mr Hyde in full make-up with a vintage biker setting. That's one of my other loves, old motorcycles.
Maybe one day I'll get around to painting it, who knows. Don't hold your breath. ha!


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Our Robotics & Science programs in Vermont are all about keeping elementary and middle school-aged children feeling inspired, motivated and engaged after school and beyond. Your aspiring engineer will have an amazing time tinkering with kid-friendly technology to construct a variety of LEGO® robots. Newbie? No problem! No prior experience is needed, and our instructors are happy to modify to meet your child's ability. All your son or daughter needs to pack is a little bit of imagination and creativity!
Learn Valuable STEM Skills!
STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) careers are on the rise, which means now is a great time to equip your son or daughter with important 21st century competencies. And that's exactly what our Robotics & Science courses in Vermont provide: your child will develop skills in key areas including computer programming and problem solving as he or she learns how to construct and animate a number of LEGO® robots with a partner. It's a fun way to get an educational boost!
Here's What Sets Our Programs Apart
With a maximum of 12 students per session, our Robotics & Science programs in Vermont provide an effective mix of collaborative projects and personal learning in a comfortable, small group environment. This means your child will enjoy both personal attention and the camaraderie of working with like-minded students. Your son or daughter will work with a friend to build a new and exciting robot each session, using LEGO® bricks and interactive programming software to make the bots come alive. At the end of each session, your child will complete a project summary worksheet in order to strengthen the STEM concepts learned in class — and to show you all the amazing things he or she accomplished!
Our hands-on courses include:
- Kid-friendly programming software that helps students build practical skills — and that makes their bots come alive!
- Fun STEM-focused projects that excite, engage and equip students with key 21st century skills
- Weekly communication with parents, which includes a session summary, pictures and a preview of next week's project
- A personal, supportive educational environment where imagination, creativity and new friendships blossom!


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Ok, this might be premature to make that type of declaration for simply getting my own ISP in my humble abode. BUT, I have spent almost a year living off the bare scraps of internet available from the friendlies upstairs. Cuz my cheap ass refused to cave until now. I think I have mentioned before, but the reason I finally decided to take the plunge is that I can afford it better now, but mostly it is because I am streaming ALOT these days. I mean, what else is important in life? right?
I seriously feel like royalty.
I am still waiting for the maids and chef……………
Installation Review:
So far so good! It was a seemingly easy set up. A little confusing at first. My appointment was set for 4pm-6pm so I made sure to get off a little early from work so that I could be there. I got a message at 4:30pm saying that tech was running really late and wouldn't be able to make it and to call back to reschedule.
Ok, fine. Whatever. I have to study anyways for a test in 2 hours. I can't worry about that.
So I heat up some soup for dinner and set myself up at my kitchen counter with my textbook.
5pm. Ring, Ring, Ring. Surprise, Surprise. The guy is outside! Alright. I can roll with it. I want to get connected ASAP anyways. Welcome, come in.
So guy gets started doing what he is doing and then 10 minutes in he gets a call and goes outside. Another tech has come along to help. Great. Whatever man. I need to read up about the different demand uncertainties in a supply chain.
They had to go in the basement to look for my cord or something so I show them through the garage.
I am seeing Tech #2 for the first time, I say "hello" with a smile.
#2 – "I'm with him."
Me – "ok. well I would hope so!"
I might have been the only one to chuckle at that.
#1 and #2 very nice guys. A little small talk, but like I said, I was trying to study. The only thing I didn't care for was they were in the basement/crawl space/storage space and #2 (somehow in conversation) mentioned he had needed a drink at lunch. Um, ok. They might not have seen me standing there because it was so dark, but come on dork. Say that when you are off the clock!
By 5:30 I was all set up, forgettable password and all!
Signed the papers and bid the boys farewell.
they most definitely were heading to the pub.
P.S. I may or may not have left my clean, unfolded laundry in a pile on the couch and my sports bra hang drying on a curtain rod.


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I opened the letterbox tonight…and found, amidst the stack of the usual bills and stuff, a nondescript looking envelope.
Curious, I opened it and saw this.
It brought an immediate smile to my face as I looked at the hand-drawn and coloured picture of Doraemon and Da-Xiong. But I had no idea still who it was from.
When I turned the card over and saw what was written inside, I realized that the card was created for lavendernotes by the kids from Term Fun Home. It was their way of saying "thank-you" to lavendernotes for the love they received through a very generous donor who heard about this newly set up Children Home in Chiangmai.
Such a sweet and heart warming gesture from these kids – and we've not even met them before.Thank You, God, for a lovely surprise to lift the spirits and encouragement to continue in the cause of lavendernotes.


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Source Code
- Audacity 2.2.2.tar.xz
This is a standard source tarball, primarily for GNU/Linux, and assumes your system has necessary dependencies and libraries installed.
- View Checksum
- Git Repository For all platforms. Check out either the latest Audacity development code or a specific tagged release. Git checkouts and releases are suitable for any system, including those that lack necessary dependencies to compile the standard source tarball.
System Requirements
How to Compile Audacity
The wxWidgets library is required. Audacity 2.3.0 requires wxGTK 3.1.x, preferably 3.1.1. If you compile wxWidgets yourself it should be built with the default gtk2 option, not with gtk3. The libsndfile library is also required and is included in Audacity obtained from Git. Installation of other libraries is optional.
CMake is required to build the libsoxr resampling library used by Audacity, unless you install libsoxr-dev and use that system library. On Windows and Mac, everything necessary to build libsoxr is provided if you checkout the complete source code from GitHub, either the latest code or a tagged release.
If you install libraries using a package management system like Apt or RPM, you need to install the "dev" (development) packages for each library.
To compile Audacity on a GNU/Linux system, run the following commands in the Audacity source directory:
./configure CXXFLAGS="-std=gnu++11″
You can type ./configure –help to see a list of compilation options. After Audacity is compiled, run make install as root to install it.
For compiling on GNU/Linux, look at Building On Linux. There are also guides for compiling Audacity on Windows and Mac.


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The fronds of the 2,000 palm trees rooted on the grounds of the Costa Meloneras Resort seemed to wave a greeting to lovebirds Orlando Bloom and Miranda Kerr upon their arrival recently. If not for the swarm of paparazzi buzzing about, the couple could have bronzed their bodies by one of the hotel's four pools or opted to use the sanctuary's nudist solarium for an all-over tan, just one of the many amenities offered to guests at the hotel. Patrons can also wile away the hours with a game of tennis on one of four quartz sand courts, enjoy a romantic repast at one of three restaurants or realign their chakras with a transcendental treatment in the lava dome relaxation room of the Gran Spa Corallium. According to El Mundo, however, prying eyes of journalists persuaded the movie idol to switch hotels. The couple were later spotted soaking up the sun at the Hotel Gran Residencia.
The trip to Gran Canaria is just the latest for the frequent fliers, who were spotted in Sydney, Australia in late April. Meeting the mesmerizing model's parents for the first time, the Pirates of the Caribbean star found himself mulling over the menu at Catalina, a seafood restaurant which offers food for the body as well as for the soul with its view of the tranquil waters of Sydney Harbour.


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May 3-5, 2011
Coral Springs Marriott Hotel
Coral Springs, Florida
May 3-5, 2011
Coral Springs Marriott Hotel
Coral Springs, Florida
Speaker PresentationsApplicator Resources Short Course PhotosWho Should Attend? Specialized Training Agenda Special Sessions Continuing Education UnitsConcurrent Sessions Certification ExaminationsPreparation for ExamsSpecial ExhibitsRegistration InformationMeeting Site and Hotel Sponsor OpportunitiesSponsor AppreciationTravel & Area InformationFor Further Information
Special Sessions
Outdoor - Herbicide/Pesticide Application Equipment CalibrationTraining
Attendees will have the opportunity to sign-up for "hands-on", outdoor calibration sessions Tuesday through Thursday. Equipment such as a boom sprayer, hand-gun sprayer, and dry material spreader applicator will be demonstrated and calibrated.
Note: These sessions will be concurrent with oral presentations. Applicators will only earn credit for sessions attended.
Live Aquatic Weed & Upland Plant Identification
Participants will have the opportunity to sign upfor two (2) aquatic and two (2) natural area plant identification sessions (50 people each). During sessions, participants will be able to ask questions and examine numerous aquatic and natural area plant samples.
Please note: you may only earn credit for one (1) aquatic and one (1) natural area session. These sessions will take place in the Sandpiper Room and will run concurrent to oral presentations. You will only earn
credit for sessions attended.
Click here to view some of our previous Plant ID samples.
Home | Questions | UF/IFAS Office of Conferences and Institutes
Page maintained by the UF/IFAS/OCI Webmaster.


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Hotels in Saint-Didier-en-Velay, France
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Best hotels in Saint-Didier-en-Velay
Saint-Didier-en-Velay overviewSaint-Didier-en-Velay is an inviting destination that has something for everyone. Though Saint-Didier-en-Velay might not have many well-known attractions, you don't need to venture far to visit Cinema Le Maubourg and Church of St. Martin.
Where to stay in Saint-Didier-en-VelayA welcoming city for all, Saint-Didier-en-Velay has a variety of hotels to choose from. You can shop as many as 43 deals for Saint-Didier-en-Velay accommodations on Hotels.com, some with discounts of up to 20%. We have room prices starting at 31 USD per night and here's a breakdown of hotels by star rating in Saint-Didier-en-Velay as well as in the surrounding area:
- • 6 4-star hotels from 74 USD per night
- • 24 3-star hotels from 59 USD per night
- • 11 2-star hotels from 51 USD per night
How to get to Saint-Didier-en-VelayFly into Saint-Etienne (EBU-Saint-Etienne - Loire Intl.), 15.4 mi (24.7 km) from central Saint-Didier-en-Velay.
What to see around Saint-Didier-en-VelayHere are some recommended places to see in the surrounding area:
- • Cinema Le Maubourg (6.9 mi/11.2 km from the city center)
- • Church of St. Martin (6.9 mi/11.2 km from the city center)
When to visit Saint-Didier-en-VelayWhen planning your trip, you might be wondering when is the best time to visit. Here's a list of seasonal norms to help you arrange your travel schedule:
Seasonal temperature averages
- • January-March: 55°F day, 29°F night
- • April-June: 78°F day, 36°F night
- • July-September: 80°F day, 46°F night
- • October-December: 64°F day, 30°F night
- • January-March: 0.24 inches
- • April-June: 0.28 inches
- • July-September: 0.31 inches
- • October-December: 0.31 inches


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Fifteen people trapped on a remote island in the North Sea struggle to survive during a violent outbreak.
This nasty new piece by prolific horror writer Moody (Strangers, 2014, etc.) is a side-quel to his popular survival trilogy that began with Haters (2006). He's taken a different tack here, one that feels much more like a cinematic work than a literary one. Where Haters followed a single character, here Moody pulls back to a third-person omniscient POV to follow a Battle Royale–style contest of wits and guts among 15 people. The book is set on Skek, a deserted island once home to a military outpost and a science expedition, now the base for an extreme sports team-building enterprise. When a violent epidemic takes hold, things go sideways in a hurry. A young woman is shoved off a cliff after attacking another team member. A passenger ferry is found smashed up on shore, with only a bloody aftermath to reveal the fate of its passengers. Even amid all this terror, our heroes are delightfully self-aware. "It's a bit bloody shortsighted if you ask me," says one. "You're running an extreme-sports center in the middle of the bloody ocean, and you don't have a viable escape route?" In another exchange, a character named Paul calls out the most obvious analogy to his mate Matt. "It's just that this sounds like the start of a shitty zombie movie, that's all. It sounds fucking stupid, if I'm honest." As with its spiritual predecessors, soon the remaining dozen or so survivors are divided between "Haters" and the "Unchanged," hurtling toward the inevitable cliffhanger. It's not high art by any stretch and lacks the sociological inquiry of Max Brooks' World War Z, but for a bloody fun ride, it gets the job done.
Another wetwork nightmare that should delight fans of Haters and intrigue writers who wallow in the genre.


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Necrology, May 2017
Mrs. Lucy Mae Wells, the mother of the Rev. Carroll Wells Jr., Pastor of Shady Grove A.M.E. Church, Piedmont Annual Conference, 7th Episcopal District
Ms. Annie Will Dudley, the aunt of Rev. David Walker, Pastor of Greater Saint James A.M.E. Church, Thomson, Georgia, Athens District-Augusta Georgia Conference, 6th Episcopal District
Mrs. Catherine D. Warren (92), the mother of the Rev. Dr. Katherine E. Rose, pastor of Bethel A.M.E. Church - York, PA, Harrisburg District-Philadelphia Conference, 1st Episcopal District
Phyllis Petal Henry, twin sister of the Reverend Phillip Walcott of Guyana, 16th Episcopal District
The Reverend Roland Cooper, Jr., Local Elder serving North Stelton AME Church, Piscataway, New Jersey, NJ Conference, First Episcopal District
Gladston Emmanuel Statia, the father-in-law of Rev. Eon Nedd (father of Sis. June Statia Nedd), pastor of Blakely's Tabernacle A.M.E. Church, Guyana, 16th District
Sister Aretas R. Dudley, the spouse of Atty. Herbert L. Dudley, First President of the Connectional Lay Organization of the A.M.E. Church
Mr. Mack Gilbert Bess, brother of the Reverend Dr. Thomas L. Bess, Sr., Judicial Council Member of the A.M.E. Church and Pastor of Allen Temple A.M.E. Church, Atlanta, GA, 6th Episcopal District Pastor
Sister Mable Watkins, widow of Presiding Elder J.M. Watkins of the 12th Episcopal District and a Life Member of the Women's Missionary Society of the A.M.E. Church
Minerva Hartsfield Fields, the sister of Supervisor Penny Hartsfield White and sister-in-law of The Rt. Rev. John F. White, Presiding Bishop, 4th Episcopal District, President Council of Bishops
Mrs. Grace Scott Curtis, the aunt of our Episcopal Supervisor, Dr. Dorothy Jackson Young and Senior Bishop McKinley Young, 3rd Episcopal District
The Rev. Herman Lee Massingale, Pastor of Saddler's Chapel A.M.E. Church, Bessemer, Alabama in the Northwest Alabama Annual Conference, 9th District
Mr. Timothy Ray Evans of Greenville, SC, the brother of the Rev. Steven L. Evans, Pastor of Friendship A.M.E. Church in Clinton, SC, Greenville District
Mrs. Ruby Mae Alexander Harris, the grandmother of (Sis. Tyce) Pastor Michael Scroggins, of Bethel A.M.E. Church, Bigelow, AR, Arkansas Conference
Sister Inetta Lewis, the widow of the late Rev. B. Z. Lewis, mother of Lettie Green, grandmother of Regan Green, 1st Vice President of the Oklahoma Lay Organization
Sis. Edith Simms, the mother of the Reverend Rita Williams, Pastor of Cornerstone A.M.E. Church, Indianhead, MD, Washington Conference, 2nd District
Mrs. Katie M. Mabole "Benn," the mother-in-law of the Rev. Mark Petersen (Mrs. Aldilla), Trinity Chapel Touws River, Cape Conference, 15th Episcopal District
Sister Gloria Aaron, wife of Presiding Elder Rudolph U Aaron of London, England, European Annual Conference, 16th Episcopal District
Brother Eddie Lee Colvin, husband of Ethel Colvin, father of Rev. Alfonzo Colvin, pastor of Woodard Chapel A.M.E. Church, Bessemer, AL, and of seven other children
Mrs. Ethel Collins, mother of Mrs. Betty Hammock (Rev. Gwain, Hammock, 12th District Pastor) and the sister of Dr. Dorothy C. Henderson, 12th Episcopal District Lay President


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The Fairmont Royal Pavilion
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Why We Love It
- Exclusive hotel with direct access to half a mile of pristine beach
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Map & Directions
The resort is a 40-minute drive from Grantley Adams International Airport. A bus runs from the airport to the city every 10 minutes and costs $2. Taxi service and luxury cars are also available.


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text: UFDC Home myUFDC Home | Help | RSS Group Title: 7th International Conference on Multiphase Flow - ICMF 2010 Proceedings Title: 6.6.4 - Water Quenching of Particle-Laden hot Supersonic Gas Flows ALL VOLUMES CITATION THUMBNAILS PAGE IMAGE ZOOMABLE Full Citation STANDARD VIEW MARC VIEW Permanent Link: http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00102023/00166 Material Information Title: 6.6.4 - Water Quenching of Particle-Laden hot Supersonic Gas Flows Multiphase Flows with Heat and Mass Transfer Series Title: 7th International Conference on Multiphase Flow - ICMF 2010 Proceedings Physical Description: Conference Papers Creator: Rakel, T.Schaber, K. Publisher: International Conference on Multiphase Flow (ICMF) Publication Date: June 4, 2010 Subjects Subject: quenchingsupersonicparticle-laden gascrossflow injectionCFD Notes Abstract: In the course of an innovative concept for high throughput gas-phase synthesis of oxide nanoparticles a new supersonic quenching system is developed to instantaneously stop nanoparticle growth. Supersonic quenching combines high gas dynamical cooling rates of more than dT/dt=-106 K/s with a total enthalpy reduction through evaporation of an injected liquid. The hot gas stream is accelerated to Mach 2 or higher and subsequently water is injected. Due to partial evaporation within the supersonic regime a deceleration without temperatures rising to former levels is possible. Until present there are no publications covering this particular application. In this paper the experimental facility is described and the technical proof of concept is presented by means of experimental results. Measured pressure profiles verify supersonic flow conditions of the generated disperse two-phase mixture, which even expands further downstream of the injection. Temperatures in the subsonic domain prove sufficient evaporation and indicate a homogeneous phase as well as temperature distribution. The presented numerical results confirm to experimental data regarding the pressure profile. As static temperatures are not measureable the numerical results can be used to evaluate the achieved integral cooling rates, which are in the order of 105 K/s. The nanoparticles leaving the supersonic quench are verifiable spherical and non-aggregated. General Note: The International Conference on Multiphase Flow (ICMF) first was held in Tsukuba, Japan in 1991 and the second ICMF took place in Kyoto, Japan in 1995. During this conference, it was decided to establish an International Governing Board which oversees the major aspects of the conference and makes decisions about future conference locations. Due to the great importance of the field, it was furthermore decided to hold the conference every three years successively in Asia including Australia, Europe including Africa, Russia and the Near East and America. Hence, ICMF 1998 was held in Lyon, France, ICMF 2001 in New Orleans, USA, ICMF 2004 in Yokohama, Japan, and ICMF 2007 in Leipzig, Germany. ICMF-2010 is devoted to all aspects of Multiphase Flow. Researchers from all over the world gathered in order to introduce their recent advances in the field and thereby promote the exchange of new ideas, results and techniques. The conference is a key event in Multiphase Flow and supports the advancement of science in this very important field. The major research topics relevant for the conference are as follows: Bio-Fluid Dynamics; Boiling; Bubbly Flows; Cavitation; Colloidal and Suspension Dynamics; Collision, Agglomeration and Breakup; Computational Techniques for Multiphase Flows; Droplet Flows; Environmental and Geophysical Flows; Experimental Methods for Multiphase Flows; Fluidized and Circulating Fluidized Beds; Fluid Structure Interactions; Granular Media; Industrial Applications; Instabilities; Interfacial Flows; Micro and Nano-Scale Multiphase Flows; Microgravity in Two-Phase Flow; Multiphase Flows with Heat and Mass Transfer; Non-Newtonian Multiphase Flows; Particle-Laden Flows; Particle, Bubble and Drop Dynamics; Reactive Multiphase Flows Record Information Bibliographic ID: UF00102023 Volume ID: VID00166 Source Institution: University of Florida Holding Location: University of Florida Rights Management: All rights reserved by the source institution and holding location. Resource Identifier: 664-Rakel-ICMF2010.pdf Full Text Paper No 7th International Conference on Multiphase Flow ICMF 2010, Tampa, FL USA, May 30-June 4, 2010 Water Quenching of Particle-Laden hot Supersonic Gas Flows T. Rakel* and K. Schaber* Institute fuir Technische Thermodynamik und Kaltetechnik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany Engler-Bunte-Ring 21, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany thomas.rakel @kit.edu & karlheinz.schaber @kit.edu Keywords: quenching, supersonic, particle-laden gas, crossflow injection, CFD Abstract In the course of an innovative concept for high throughput gas-phase synthesis of oxide nanoparticles a new supersonic quenching system is developed to instantaneously stop nanoparticle growth. Supersonic quenching combines high gas dynamical cooling rates of more than dT/dt=-106 K/s with a total enthalpy reduction through evaporation of an injected liquid. The hot gas stream is accelerated to Mach 2 or higher and subsequently water is injected. Due to partial evaporation within the supersonic regime a deceleration without temperatures rising to former levels is possible. Until present there are no publications covering this particular application. In this paper the experimental facility is described and the technical proof of concept is presented by means of experimental results. Measured pressure profiles verify supersonic flow conditions of the generated disperse two-phase mixture, which even expands further downstream of the injection. Temperatures in the subsonic domain prove sufficient evaporation and indicate a homogeneous phase as well as temperature distribution. The presented numerical results confirm to experimental data regarding the pressure profile. As static temperatures are not measureable the numerical results can be used to evaluate the achieved integral cooling rates, which are in the order of 10' K/s. The nanoparticles leaving the supersonic quench are verifiable spherical and non-aggregated. Introduction The general goal of a quenching system is the reduction of the gas temperature by the evaporation of an injected liquid phase. A supersonic water quenching system combines a laval-nozzle and a quenching system with water injection in one setup. Within the divergent convergent laval-nozzle a hot gas is accelerated into a supersonic regime, which leads to very high cooling rates due to the conversion of enthalpy into kinetic energy. Cooling rates of more than dT/dt=-106 K/s can be reached. This is especially of interest for kinetic controlled processes taking place at critical midrange temperatures. As a deceleration would lead back to the initial high total temperature, the specific total enthalpy of the gas flow must be partially reduced within the supersonic flow regime. Evaporating an injected liquid, as done in general quenching systems, is due the high latent heat an effective way to reduce the total enthalpy of the gas flow. Thus the supersonic quenching system consists out of a gas dynamical cooling and an evaporative cooling section. The supersonic quenching system is developed in the frame of the project "Gasdynamically induced nanoparticle synthesis", funded by the Deutsche Forschungs- gemeinschaft (DFG). The goal of the novel reactor concept is the production of non-agglomerated oxide nanoparticles with a narrow particle size distribution. The reactor concept differs clearly from known industrial production processes like flame synthesis (Wegner & Pratsinis, 2003) or hot-wall synthesis. But nevertheless it is a high throughput reactor with gas flow rates up to 100 g/s. In Fig. 1 the reactor setup, first presented by Grzona et al. (2009), is shown. Characteristic is the consecutive connection of two laval-nozzles. The hot gas generated by a methan burner enters the first laval-nozzle together with the injected precursor and accelerates to supersonic speed, suppressing the ignition of the precursor due to the acceleration of the gas flow. The rise in temperature at the shock front then initiates the particle growth. Within the reaction volume the particles grow due to nucleation and coagulation processes, whereby the gas speed and reactor length defines the adjustable reaction time. The supersonic quenching system terminates the particle growth instantly through the high cooling rates. The specific total enthalpy of the particle-laden hot gas is reduced by the total evaporation of the injected water. By the means of a subsequent filter the nanoparticles are separated from the humid exhaust gas. Precursor IBurner Laval-Nozzle po= 6 12 bar Mag 100 g/s Shock To= 1400- 1500 K M r6 gs Water Reaction volume SupersonicQuench Reaction volume Supersonic Quench Figure 1: Reactor setup (Grzona et al. 2009) reproduced with authors permission Paper No Nomenclature area (mm2) nozzle diameter (mm) channel height (mm) impulse correction factor mass flow (g s-') Mach number pressure (bar) momentum flux ratio temperature (K) time (ms) Weber number coordinate (mm) coordinate (mm) Greek letters p density (kg m'3) Subsripts 0 total jet water nozzle max maximum min minimum QL quench lance out outlet stat static * nozzle throat Regarding the supersonic quench there are in the literature until present, to the knowledge of the authors, no directly comparable test cases published. Of course there are various publications on supersonic compressible gas flows or droplet (Renksitzbulut 1991, Aggarwal & Peng 1995) and spray (Abramzon & Sirignano 1989) evaporation. There are also publications addressing liquid crossflow injection into subsonic (Wu et al. 1997) and supersonic (Yates 1972, Billig 1993) gas streams, whereby most supersonic cases relate to scramjet combustion. In all cases the mass flux ratio of gas to liquid is higher and the liquid is not cooling the hot gas by evaporation. Publications with gas cooling by the evaporation of liquids on the other hand deal only with low gas velocities and do not consider or take advantage of gas dynamical cooling effects (Siepmann & Gusewell 2000). Therefore the supersonic quenching system is a completely new application. Supersonic quench design A detailed schematic sketch of the supersonic quenching system is illustrated in Fig. 2. As indicated by the colour gradient, the gas temperature decreases due to the acceleration into the supersonic regime. To prevent an anew temperature rise the quench water is injected directly into the supersonic domain of the laval-nozzle, where the static gas temperature is low. The single-phase water nozzles are located on the wall and on the tip of a so called quench lance extending from the outlet into the nozzle, in each case circumferential distributed. Despite the water injection the main gas flow retains in a supersonic condition and only the directly from the dispersed water phase covered areas are in a subsonic regime. Shock waves are initiated by the water 7th International Conference on Multiphase Flow ICMF 2010, Tampa, FL USA, May 30-June 4, 2010 jets as illustrated by unsteady temperature rises in Fig. 2. The shock front is normal to the flow direction at the water jet outlet, but as the water jet is distracted with further wall distance the angle of the shock decreases. Because an oblique shock only leads to a reduction of the Mach number without a change to a subsonic regime, the main gas flow stays in the supersonic regime. Nevertheless the shock induces an increase in temperature and pressure, whereby the temperature rise at the jet front is directly damped by the water. The continuous liquid jet breaks up close to the nozzle as well as the generated interim ligaments and droplets which disintegrate quickly to smaller droplets due to the high relative velocities. Thus the specific gas-water interphase increases, which is a prerequisite for high heat and mass transfer fluxes. With the expansion of the dispersed water phase the water coverage of the cross section rises downstream from the injection. Hereby the continuous gas phase stays in a supersonic regime. A transition to a subsonic regime is not possible without hitting former temperature levels, until a certain amount is evaporated and the dispersed phase is homogenously distributed. The more water is evaporated in the supersonic domain, the lower the maximum temperatures are in the subsonic domain. Thus a certain distance and residence time within the supersonic regime is a prerequisite. Water Gas Water S Walter 1300 T [K] 300 Figure 2: Schematic sketch Supersonic quenching system The inner contour of the test facility has a round cross section and with the round quench lance an annular gap is formed. Starting from a 45 mm diameter at the inlet the contour is converging to 13.25 mm at the nozzle throat. From there the contour is diverging until a diameter of 156 mm at the exhaust pipe to the filter. Experimental Facility In the course of the novel reactor concept a complete new experimental facility was built. Especially the requirements for low fabrication tolerances in combination with high pressures and temperatures within the reactor are challenging. For details regarding the general experimental setup the reader is referred to Grzona et al. (2009). This paper focuses on the supersonic quenching system. The flow chart in Fig. 3 displays the relevant components. A compressor supplies continuously dry pressurized air to a high pressure buffer vessel and methane is obtained from a gas bottle set. Both streams are measured by coriolis mass flow meters. Burning a methane-air mixture creates the required hot air stream. With increasing gas flow rates the pressure within burner and reactor builds up automatically. The ratio between mass flow and pressures depends, except for the temperature, mainly on the nozzle throats. The throat of second laval-nozzle from the quenching system therefore defines the pressure within the reaction volume and equally the first laval-nozzle throat for the burner. General operating 7th International Conference on Multiphase Flow ICMF 2010, Tampa, FL USA, May 30-June 4, 2010 10mm - 10mm Pump Water (Deionized) -----F P Figure 3: Flow chart with relevant components parameters of the reactor are briefly specified in Fig. 1. The quench water is deionized, as it is totally evaporated, and pressurized by a rotary vane pump, which is controlled by a frequency inverter to adjust the water mass flow rate. The total water flow rate is measured by a coriolis mass flow meter next to the pump. Additionally pressure and temperature are recorded. Afterwards the flow splits up to feed the quench lance and the wall nozzles, of which the later ones all have individual feed pipe. The partitioned mass flow rates are measured by manual rotameters. To control the facility there is plenty of measurement technique installed. For this purpose the pressure as well as the temperature is recorded at the inlet to the reactor, at the inlet to the supersonic quenching system and at the outlet. Within the quenching system multiple temperature and pressure gauges are installed. The pressure is measured through 1 mm holes at the wall by using two Scanivalve Sensor Arrays, each with 16 ports. Temperatures are detected in situ with thermocouples of either 0.5 or 1 mm. As unmodified thermocouples in the supersonic two-phase domain of the quench did not withstand the conditions, an extra protective pipe with an outer diameter of 1 mm and 0.2 mm wall-thickness encloses the 0.5 mm thermocouples. The 1 mm thermocouples without a protective pipe are used in the subsonic domain. At a time six thermocouples are circumferentially distributed at 8 locations downstream of the water injection. For each position 4 thermocouples were equipped with an adjustment unit to variegate the radial position. Between these 8 positions the other thermocouples are equally partitioned. Beside temperature and pressure ports there are three optical access points, which are normally closed by contour fitting metal dummies. Thus one has to consider the disturbance initiated by planar windows. Generally it is complicated to apply complex optical measurement techniques to this particular problem, because an exact nozzle contour in combination with wearing flow conditions leads to a massive steel construction. Another test facility was used for pilot tests, regarding the massive water injection into supersonic gas flows within a laval-nozzle. These experiments were carried out in cooperation with a project partner, the German Aerospace Agency (DLR), Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology, Division Wind Tunnels. The facility has a rectangular cross section and features a wide optical Plexiglas access. Thus the total gas temperatures were limited to 343 K at the inlet and water evaporation was inevitably not taken into account. Fig. 4 displays a basic sketch of the experimental setup. In this setup the water is only injected trough nozzles on the moveable quench lance. Figure 4: Setup for optical cold gas experiments (at DLR) Numerical Scheme Beside the experimental research the supersonic quenching system is analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. The widespread commercial available software Ansys CFX 12.1 is used. The main motivation and advantage is the availability of all flow variables within a solution. Especially the static temperature distribution of the compressible two-phase flow, which is experimentally not detectable in the quench system, is of interest. A challenging detail to capture within the model is the crossflow water injection into supersonic hot gas flows. Modeling approaches for the injection into subsonic crossflows were topic of various publications. Detailed models focusing especially on the injection even take the primary breakup into account (Rachner et al. 2007). Another also widely used approach is the direct injection of droplets with an initial diameter equivalent to the nozzle diameter (Madabhushi R.K. 2003). Thus only the secondary breakup is taken into account. The latter approach is supported by the results of Wu et al. (1997), who investigated the breakup processes of liquid jets and described the column fracture using the time scale know for aerodynamic secondary breakup of spherical droplets. Concerning the supersonic quench concept the modeling of liquid jet penetration is important to capture the macroscopic phase distribution. Jet trajectories have been widely studied (Wu et al. 2007) and there is a common agreement that the liquid to air momentum ratio q is the main actuating variable. At the same time the momentum ratio can be interpreted as a quotient of the particular Weber numbers We. S Welrqud Piqudv iquid Wegas Ogas Vgas Due to a wide range of conditions there are still diverse functions for the jet trajectories. Liquid injection into supersonic streams was studied by Yates C.L. (1972) and lead to the following jet trajectory correlation. y/d = 1,15 qln(1+6(x/d)) The correlation calculates the injection depth y at a position in flow direction x normalized by the nozzle diameter d and depends only on the momentum ratio q. The calculated trajectories are in good agreement with our experimental results from the DLR test facility. A further important fact for modeling the supersonic quenching system is the repercussion of the liquid jet onto the compressible gas flow and the thereby initiated shock waves. As the injection region is comparatively small to the entire Paper No 9C~ Paper No quench setup the simplification of injecting droplets with a diameter equal to the orifice is arguable. The droplets are modeled as dispersed Lagrange particles and the continuous Euler gas-phase is simulated as an ideal gas using the Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. The impulse exchange between the phases is calculated in both directions (two-way coupled), changes in the drag coefficients due to droplet distortion are considered (Liu et al. 1993) and the secondary droplet breakup is modeled using the Cascade Atomization and Breakup Model (CAB). Due to the two-way coupling shock waves initiated at the liquid interface are captured. For turbulence modeling the two-equation Shear Stress Transport (SST) is used. Turbulent dispersion is considered according to the approach of Gosman & Ioannides (1983). As the gas-phase is assimilating the evaporating water it consists of an ideal mixture of air and water vapor. Heat and mass transfer between gas and dispersed water phase is modeled using the widespread approach of Ranz & Marshall (1952), in which the mass transfer model considers the Stefan convection. Modeling the continuous jet as a row of droplets is essential for the general Euler-Lagrange approach. On the downside this simplifications has an impact on the jet deflection through the impulse exchange model. Thus an unmodified simulation is not capable to meet experimental jet trajectories and is over predicting the penetration. A modification of the impulse transport model would affect the entire domain and is therefore not appropriate. Instead an impulse correction factor j=v2dropleV2et is introduced to reduce the initial impulse of the droplets and to adjust the modeled jet penetration to the Yates correlation. In this manner only a boundary condition has to be corrected. Direct comparisons between experiments and CFD simulations prove the concept. Results and Discussion The presented supersonic quench facility is the result of pilot tests and the experiences made with an intermediate supersonic quench design. The results from the intermediate design are not discussed. The results from the test facility (Fig. 4) allow an insight into the proceeding actions due to the wide optical access. As mentioned the gas is slightly preheated to approximately 343 K and therefore only the liquid injection process without evaporation is studied. Fig. 5 illustrates a Schlieren image of the water injection into a supersonic gas flow at a momentum flux ratio of 1.44. The Mach number at the water jet position is 2.2, which relates to a gas velocity of 585 m/s. Figure 5: Schlieren Image Water injection into a cold supersonic crossflow 7th International Conference on Multiphase Flow ICMF 2010, Tampa, FL USA, May 30-June 4, 2010 On the quench lance the water is injected via 8 circumferentially distributed 0.5 mm diameter nozzles. As Schlieren images visualize gas density gradients the shock wave at the front of the water jets is clearly observable. Downstream of the injection the water covered areas are expanding. But despite the apparently decreasing height above the water contour the gas stays in a supersonic regime and the massive water injection is not blocking the laval-nozzle. The meanwhile contraction of the water covered areas seems to be related to the unintentional small wall edge, which initiates an oblique shock and therefore proves the supersonic flow conditions. The flow condition illustrated in Fig. 5 is time-invariant and thus constant quench conditions can be achieved on a macroscopic scale. In the following all experimental results correspond to the supersonic quenching system from the hot gas reactor presented in Fig. 1 and 3. One crucial reactor operating parameter is the total pressure or respectively the gas mass flux. In Fig. 6 the static pressure divided by the initial total pressure is plotted against the length x in flow direction. Point of origin is the throat of the laval-nozzle where sonic speed is reached. The water nozzles on the moveable quench lance are in all cases positioned at x=95 mm. The position is equivalent to an isentropic calculated Mach number of 2.2. 1.0- 0.8- 0.6- L E 0.4- 0 E 0.2- 0 - po=4.05; T0=1245 K; Mg, =62.5 g/s; Mwater=20.6 g/s p ,6=5.02; T0=1245 K; M.,=77.3 g/s; Mwater=24.4 g/s po=6.32; T0=1273 K; Mgas=97.3 g/s; M w^e=32.0 g/s 0 100 200 300 4600 500 600 700 Distance to A* / (mm) Figure 6: Static pressure profiles in the supersonic quench The curves in Fig. 6 prove the fact that the gas phase remains in a supersonic regime downstream of the water injection. This conclusion can be drawn from decreasing static pressures and a concurrently widening cross section. The waterjets set off oblique shocks, as illustrated in Fig. 2, which are detected downstream at 116 mm. Upstream at x=101 mm the injection is not sensed. With an increasing total pressure the transition from supersonic to subsonic shifts downstream. The absolute pressure at the shift or respectively shock position is similar and in the range of 0.25 bar. In each case a shock train shifts the flow into the subsonic regime instead of a single shock wave, which results in a curved pressure rise. The two phase flow supersonic region expands, as the supersonic domain is elongated with increasing total pressures and the point of water injection is fixed. As mentioned before this increases the time respectively distance for the water to be distributed and to evaporate a higher percentage. This leads to lower temperatures within the subsonic domain, which is aspired regarding the avoidance of critical high or mid-range Paper No temperatures. The outlet pressure is in each case 1.08 bar, therefore all dimensionless plots converge to different values at the outlet. Instead of increasing gas mass fluxes the supersonic two phase flow domain can also be elongated by moving the water injection upstream to lower Mach numbers. Therefore the quench lance is continuously variable. According to this there are three axial wall nozzle positions. On the other side one has to consider, that the gas dynamic cooling domain is shortened. The water is injected at lower Mach numbers and therefore higher static temperatures. In Fig. 7 the influence of the injection position is analyzed by plotting the static pressure over the length of the quenching system. For all four data curves the operating conditions are equal. A gas mass flux of 62.5 g/s and a total temperature of 1263 K result in a total pressure of 4 bar. The water injection position is varied between 35 and 135 mm, corresponding to an isentropic calculated Mach number range from 1.6 to 2.5. (D 0 2- Figurn position 6o 0 Figun position - XQLjet=35 mm; MaQLt=1.6 P0=4.0 SXQLet=55 mm; MaQL,et=1.9 To=12 -XQLjet=95 mm; MaQ,,et=2.2 Tout=4 XQLet=135 mm; Ma QL,,=2.5 as= water e in 0 100 200 300 400 500 Distance to A* / (mm) 7: Static pressure profiles for differ Is Moving the quench lance upstream intensifies the pressure rise due to straightening oblique shocks, which relates to the increasing percentage of water covered area. Experimental results from Fig. 7 prove that the water injection is not causing a shift into subsonic flow, which is crucial. But nevertheless lead sharper pressure rises consequently to sharper local temperature rises. On the one hand the temperatures may exceed a critical temperature, but on the other the flow expands further into the supersonic regime. Thus the residence time at the higher temperature level is comparatively low. The second rise in pressure, especially obvious for x=35 mm, is due to the geometrical reduction of the widening of the cross section. The influence decreases the larger the outer diameter is compared the quench lance. In the case of the rear position at x=135 mm the positively low impact on the pressure and temperature profile is overcompensated by the short distance within the supersonic domain leading to higher temperatures in the subsonic domain. Downstream the injection all curves converge into each other. Although the water is injected over a range of 100 mm the shift into the subsonic domain occurs at the same position. Another important parameter is the division of the injected water between the wall and the center nozzles, whereby the goal is an equally distributed dispersed water phase. 4 bar 7th International Conference on Multiphase Flow ICMF 2010, Tampa, FL USA, May 30-June 4, 2010 Especially at the shift position and within the subsonic regime the phase distribution must be homogenized. An uncovered area in the subsonic domain, for example near the wall, would inevitably result in high temperatures. Before discussing the recorded temperature profiles from the supersonic quench, two influencing phenomena have to be taken into account regarding the temperature measurement. As already described, thermocouples are used to detect the temperature. Within the supersonic domain these thermocouples are not capable of detecting the static temperature, because they are invasive and thus an obstruction to the flow. The thermocouple generates a stagnation point and a shock wave. Due to the recovery-effect the measured temperature is between the total temperature and the static temperature. The second impact factor is the multiphase flow. A thermocouple inside the dispersed flow is partially wetted by liquid, which evaporates at wet-bulb temperature. The measured temperature is inevitable between the gas and the liquid temperature, whereby the liquid has a dominating influence due to the higher heat conductivity. 63 K The influence of the wall water mass flux onto the 98 K temperature profile is analyzed by means of Fig. 8. The 32.5 g/s filled symbols connected by solid lines represent the 18.7 g/s averaged temperature at a certain cross section. In each case the annular gap is divided by thermocouples into 5 equal concentric rings plus the inner and outer wall temperatures. Especially near the water injection the measured temperature can be dominated by either hot gas or cold liquid. Thus the individual minimal and maximal temperature value is additionally plotted at each position 600 700 (unfilled symbols connected by dashed lines). Comparing the different cases in Fig. 8 clearly indicates higher ent injection averaged temperatures without wall injection. But taking the pressure profile from Fig. 6 into account shows that these high temperatures are measured within the supersonic domain, as the supersonic domain ends at x=200 mm in the case of 4 bar. 900- 7800- 7O) S700- soo- E 600 - 500- 400- 300- kWall.water=0 g/s- S -- lwater=2.8 g/s Wall,water=5.6 gs \. .- Wl.watr y - TMn and TMax .TMin and TMax --T Mn and Tmax Tout Po=4.05 bar To=1244 K 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Distance to A* / (mm) Figure 8: Water wall mass flux temperature profiles influence on the Thus the actual static temperature is much lower and uncritical regarding the undesired nanoparticle growths. Injecting 2.8 g/s, which corresponds to 13.5 % of the water mass flux, clearly decreases the measured temperatures. A further rise to 5.6 g/s lowers the averaged temperatures to around 450 K, which is far below the inlet temperature of -~.-- Paper No 1244 K. Although the absolute temperature values are not meaningful within the compressible two phase flow, they are a good indicator for the phase distribution within the supersonic quench. Low averaged temperatures are equivalent to a good coverage of the cross section with dispersed water. The additionally plotted minimal temperatures are within the supersonic regime mainly below 373 K. This indicates the presence of a dominating fraction of liquid water, for example around a disintegrating liquid jet. The maximal temperatures indicate, whether there are areas without water coverage. Without wall injection the maximum temperatures in the subsonic domain downstream of x=200 mm exceed values of around 750 K, which is undesired and should to be avoided. In all other cases the entire subsonic domain is sufficiently covered by the dispersed water. Towards the outlet both minimum and maximum temperatures converge to the averaged temperature values. This indicates a nearly homogeneous temperature profile at the last two cross sections. In each case the averaged temperatures only differs by 6 degrees at the most between these two positions, which is another indicator for the nearly total evaporation of the water. This is additionally supported by the low temperature difference towards the further downstream measured outlet temperature, here alternatively plotted at the x=800 mm. The latter mainly applies to the two cases with wall injection, at which the influence of heat losses through the meanwhile uninsulated piping should be taken into account. To sum up, the temperature profile from Fig. 8 proves the sufficient phase distribution, the avoidance of high temperatures within the subsonic domain and the total evaporation of the injected water. The geometry for the numerical simulations is identical to the experimental setup, thus a direct comparison of both experiment and CFD simulation is possible. Concerning the temperature profile a direct comparison throughout the domain is not possible, due to the reasons mentioned in the course of the discussion of Fig. 8. Thus the main benefit of the simulation is to gain access to the static temperature. Pressure profiles on the other side can be compared without reservation. Numerical as well as available experimental results for one characteristic operating point are shown in Fig. 9. The water is injected from four wall nozzles at a total rate of 2.8 g/s (x=57.6 mm) and from the quench lance nozzles at a total rate of 21.7 g/s (x=115 mm), similar to the case presented in Fig. 8. The area averaged Mach number, pressure and temperatures are graphed over the distance to the nozzle throat. Additionally the Mach number is shown in terms of color on a two dimensional cut through the domain featuring two injection nozzles on the quench lance. Not covered within the plane are the wall nozzles. The Mach number color plot underlines the combination of gas dynamic quench and the evaporative cooling. It illustrates the injection with small local subsonic domain within the jets and how the two-phase flow is again accelerated to higher Mach numbers. As the jets totally disintegrate into dispersed droplets the entire cross section is captured by the supersonic regime before the shift to the subsonic regime occurs. The graphed values are area averaged and allow a qualitative analysis of the numerical results. At the position of the quench lance water injection the Mach number drops due to the initiated oblique shock wave. Simultaneously the 7th International Conference on Multiphase Flow ICMF 2010, Tampa, FL USA, May 30-June 4, 2010 static pressure and temperature rises. Because of the lower mass flow rate the wall water injection impact is comparatively small. The increasing quench lance diameter leads afterwards to a short distance of nearly constants values until the maximum diameter is reached. Downstream the Mach number rises again due to the further increasing cross section. The shift to the subsonic regime finally sharply decreases the Mach number and the pressure rises up to the outlet pressure level. But important is the temperature profile and the fact that the evaporation of the water is suppressing an anew temperature rise as described in the conceptual design. Comparing experimental and numerical pressure profile generally validates the simulation. The model is able to cover the occurring processes. Only the shift position from super- to subsonic flow is slightly over predicted. The two useable experimental temperatures at the outlet are below the calculated temperature profile. Thus the evaporation is under predicted by the applied model and the real temperatures should be even lower than the plotted numerical temperature profile. So the temperature in the subsonic domain should not exceed the simulated value 750 K. Regarding the nanoparticle growth a temperature limit of 773 K is aspired. The additionally plotted total temperature decreases solely because of the water evaporation. Thus sharp negative gradients point out regions with high evaporation rates, which occur near the injection and within the shock train. 0 05 10 1,5 20 2,5 254 c Z0 gto_ 5, 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Distance to A*/(mm) 41 \4 CFD 1000 --CFD Static Temperature oo 000 CFD Total Temperature goo S9002 Experiment 700 600 S500 Mo 400. ---------~ -* --- ---- 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Distance to A*/(mm) Figure 9: CFD results with experimental validation data Because the velocity within the quenching system is varying by nearly two orders of magnitude a plot of the characteristic values over the length is not ideal. Plotting the numerical calculated temperature profile over the time on a streamline, as illustrated in Fig. 10, gives a better understanding of the accomplished high cooling rates. The conditions in Fig. 10 correspond to Fig. 9. 21300 At=0.6 1200- | 1100- S100- AT=480K 500 0.0 0.5 10 15 20 25 3.0 3.5 4.0 45 50 Time on streamline / (ms) Figure 10: Chronological sequence of the static temperature -CFD M1=77 3 g/s M _r=21 7 g/s M_,_=2.8 g/s Paper No Due to the high velocities in the supersonic regime the residence time within it is relatively short. For the analysis a point of reference at the inlet is chosen, where the temperature has only dropped by two percent compared to the total temperature. With it the residence time till the end of the supersonic domain is less than ten percent. The integral cooling rate up to the temperature peak in the subsonic domain, as indicated in Fig. 10, adds up to more than 8 105 K/s. But even the integral cooling rate from inlet to outlet of the quenching system is in the order of 105 K/s. Figure 11: Nanoparticle probe (TEM) at the quench outlet (Goertz et al. 2009) reproduced with authors permission Three samples of the generated SiO2 nanoparticle product are displayed in Fig. 11 to document the proof of concept regarding the prevention of aggregate structures. The corresponding probes were taken downstream of the supersonic quenching system. The nanoparticles in Fig. 11 have a circular shape and are not aggregated. A detailed analysis of these particle results are presented by Goertz et al. (2009). The nanoparticle production process is analyzed in detail by Giglmaier et al. (2010) using a 3-D numerical simulation, which is also presented on the ICMF 2010. Conclusions The concept of the novel supersonic quenching system is approved by the presented experimental results. Despite the water injection the generated multiphase flow is further accelerating to higher Mach numbers. The phase distribution is qualitatively described using the temperature measurements, but a quantitative phase distribution measurement is not possible. On the other hand crucial hot spots can be detected by the temperature sensors. The homogeneous temperature distribution at the outlet indicates a nearly total evaporation, but further validation is needed. The small discrepancy between numerical and experimental pressure profile could be related to the applied evaporation model or unidentified impact factors within the complex flow problem. Generally the results are in qualitative good agreement. Thus the numerical results allow the analysis of experimentally not accessible variables. Acknowledgements This work is support by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant PAK 75/2 "Gasdynamically induced nanoparticle synthesis" which is greatly acknowledged. References Abramzon, B. & Sirignano, W.A. Droplet vaporization model for spray combustion calculations. Internat. Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 32, 1605-1618 (1989) 7th International Conference on Multiphase Flow ICMF 2010, Tampa, FL USA, May 30-June 4, 2010 Aggarwal, S.K. & Peng, F.A. Review of Droplet Dynamics and Vaporization Modeling for Engineering Calculations. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol. 17, 453-461 (1995) Billig, F.S. Research on supersonic combustion. Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 9, 499-514 (1993) Giglmaier M., Al-Hasan, N.S. & Schnerr, GH. 3-D Simulation of the Production of Gas-phase synthesized Non-aggregated Spherical Nano-particles in Continuous Gasdynamic Flow. Proceedings International Conference on Multiphase Flow, Tampa, Fl, USA (2010) Goertz, V, Korp, D., Al-Hasan, N., Giglmaier, M. & Nirschl, H. Experimental study of gasdynamically induced nanoparticle synthesis by use of adapted sampling probes. submitted to Chemical Engineering Science (2009) Gosman, A.D. & Ioannides E. Aspects of computer simulation of liquid-fueled combustors, Journal of Energy, Vol. 7, 482-490 (1983) Grzona et al. Gas-phase synthesis of non-agglomerated nanoparticles by fast gasdynamic heating and cooling. Shock Waves, Vol. 2, Proceedings, 857-862 (2009) Liu, B., Mather, D. & Reitz, R.D. Effects of Drop Drag and Breakup on Fuel Sprays. SAE Technical Paper, No. 930072 (1993) Madabhushi, R.K. A model for numerical simulation of breakup of a liquid jet in crossflow. Atomization and Sprays, Vol. 13, 413-424 (2003) Rachner, M., Becker, J., Hassa, C. & Doerr, T Modelling of the atomization of a plain liquid fuel jet in crossflow at gas turbine conditions. Aerospace Science and Technology, Vol. 6, 495-506 (2002) Ranz, W. E. & Marshall, W. R. Evaporation from Drops 1. Chemical Engineering Progress Vol. 48, 141-146 (1952) Renksitzbulut, M. A mass transfer correlation for droplet evaporation in high temperature flows, Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 46, 2351-2358 (1991) Siepmann, S. & Gusewell, M. Droplet size distributions in a laboratory quench, Chemie Ingenieur Technik, Vol. 72, 1531-1534 (2000) Wegner, K. & Pratsinis S.E. Scale-up of nanoparticle synthesis in diffusion flame reactors. Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 58, 4581-4589 (2003) Wu, PK., Kirkendall, K.A. & Fuller, R.P Breakup Processes of Liquid Jets in Subsonic Crossflow. Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol. 13, 64-74 (1997) Yates, C.L. Liquid Injection into a Supersonic Flow. Aero Propulsion Lab, Vol. 1, AFAPL-TR-71-97, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH (1972) Contact Us | Permissions | Preferences | Technical Aspects | Statistics | Internal | Privacy Policy © 2004 - 2010 University of Florida George A. Smathers Libraries.All rights reserved. Acceptable Use, Copyright, and Disclaimer Statement Last updated October 10, 2010 - Version 2.9.7 - mvs


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"I press on toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus."
Writing from a prison cell, the Apostle Paul expresses deep love and genuine affection for a young church he planted in the Roman colony of Philippi. Contained in this letter is Paul's encouragement to the church to press on in their faith as they follow Jesus together. With a continual focus on Jesus, Philippians offers a practical picture of a maturing local church by presenting themes of: joy, thanksgiving, humility, hope, unity, perseverance, and mission-focused community. Philippians shows us how to find joy beyond measure, perseverance in the race of life, a servant's heart, hope for the future, and peace and contentment in all circumstance through the person of Jesus Christ.


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Peace Corps Volunteers take oath in the Gambia
Dr Diana Sloane, the country director of Peace Corps, said the volunteers were rigorously screened for professional skills, personal character and medical fitness. "They were selected from among all racial and ethnic groups. They have learned the local language and culture. Most have been placed at a site with a Gambian family and in a village, where they will live and work for two years," she said.
Peace Corps Volunteers take oath in the Gambia
16 Peace Corps volunteers sworn-in Print E-mail
Written by Ebrima Jaw Manneh
Tuesday, 13 December 2005
Sixteen Peace Corps volunteers were on Friday sworn-in by Joseph D. Stafford, the US ambassador to The Gambia, at his Fajara residence.
The volunteers, who hold degrees in various disciplines, including sociology, social work, anthropology, agriculture, biochemestry, liberal studies, history, journalism and corporate communications, are expected to carry with them a legacy that began in September 1967, when Peace Corps volunteers first arrived in The Gambia.
Addressing the volunteers, Mr Stafford said the relationship between the US government and The Gambia is influenced by the "good work of 100 volunteers in areas critical to the development of The Gambia, including environment, education and health."
He then underlined the essence of the Peace Corps, initiated in the early 60s by the slain American President, John F. Kennedy. He said: " Peace Corps is an important symbol and tangible evidence of our values as Americans. It embodies and projects abroad our idealism, enthusiasm, generosity, companion, optimism, and support for human freedom and individual dignity."
Acknowledging that Peace Corps has been significant element of their ability to inspire and persuade rather than coerce, Stafford opined: "We look to volunteers to perform a service that we cannot. Long after we are gone, it is the Peace Corps that communities will remember. As you proceed to your sites, remember how important you are to what we are trying to achieve here. You are truly ambassadors and we know that you will carry on the excellent work that those before you have."
Dr Diana Sloane, the country director of Peace Corps, said the volunteers were rigorously screened for professional skills, personal character and medical fitness. "They were selected from among all racial and ethnic groups. They have learned the local language and culture. Most have been placed at a site with a Gambian family and in a village, where they will live and work for two years," she said.
According to her, the group is "eager, resilient, thoughtful, bright and motivated," adding that they have "exceptional technical skills."
Kotu Cham, Permanent Secretary at the Department of State for Forestry and the Environment who stood in for his Secretary of State at the ceremony, said: "Gambians appreciate the Peace Corps volunteers' attitude towards our traditional values and cultures. In spite of the differences in our backgrounds, they adapt so quickly and easily into our way of life that effectively attracts local community members to quickly take up to them, and accept them as members of the community."
He assured the volunteers of government's commitment and resolve to integrate environment and natural resources into the framework of "our national poverty alleviation programme".
According to him, there has been a rethink and refocus on the collaboration with the US in providing volunteers in these sectors to respond to the needs of The Gambia better.
"This refocusing of our priorities stemmed from the fact that The Gambia is basically an agrarian economy with most of its natural resources centre on the wild flora and fauna in the form of the forests, the marine and riverine systems, as well as our ground water resources," he said.
He disclosed that the Vision 2020 and the Gambia Environment Action Plan (GEAP), which form the basis for "our actions" within the natural resources and the environment sectors, have called for the optimum utilisation of these resources.
This reasoning, he noted, was strengthened by the experience the country had gone through from the mid 80's and 90's, when it had a devastating drought that affected the regeneration of these natural resources. "Agricultural production fell, the recharge rate of The Gambia River dropped, a high population growth exacerbated the vegetation and forest cover loss, and a heavy pressure was exerted on the fisheries resources. Overall, the level of poverty increases in the country," he said.
In view of this, he added, the GEAP II has "strongly emphasised the need for building ownership and constituency around natural resource policies, and I am glad to note that successes that were registered in the course of GEAP I implementation are being deepened within the communities, where most of you will be deployed".
At the end of the ceremony each of the volunteers was awarded a certificate for successfully completing their 10-week-long orientation in the Kiangs.
Then Jaliba Kuyateh spiced up the ceremony with his ancestral Kora music. Dr Rodney Stubina chaired the ceremony.
Last Updated ( Tuesday, 13 December 2005 )
When this story was posted in December 2005, this was on the front page of PCOL:
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500,000 PCOL Fans can't be wrong
PCOL announced today that their online readership for October and November 2005 was 500,000 Returned Volunteers and Friends of the Peace Corps. Thanks again for making PCOL your source of news for the Returned Volunteer community.
Military Option sparks concerns
The U.S. military is allowing recruits to meet part of their reserve military obligations after active duty by serving in the Peace Corps. Read why there is opposition to the program among RPCVs. Director Vasquez says the agency has a long history of accepting qualified applicants who are in inactive military status. John Coyne says "Not only no, but hell no!" and RPCV Chris Matthews leads the debate on "Hardball." Avi Spiegel says Peace Corps is not the place for soldiers while Coleman McCarthy says to Welcome Soldiers to the Peace Corps. Read the results of our poll among RPCVs. Latest: Congressman John Kline introduces legislation to alter the program to remove the Peace Corps as an option for completing an individual's military enlistment requirement.
Why blurring the lines puts PCVs in danger
When the National Call to Service legislation was amended to include Peace Corps in December of 2002, this country had not yet invaded Iraq and was not in prolonged military engagement in the Middle East, as it is now. Read the story of how one volunteer spent three years in captivity from 1976 to 1980 as the hostage of a insurrection group in Colombia in Joanne Marie Roll's op-ed on why this legislation may put soldier/PCVs in the same kind of danger. Latest: Read the ongoing dialog on the subject.
Top Stories: November 19, 2005
President Bush meets with PCVs in Panama 7 Nov
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Congress appropriates $322 Million for Peace Corps 17 Nov
James Walsh on the crisis in Nepal 9 Nov
Pam Musk climbs Mount Kilimanjaro 6 Nov
David Morsilli awed by havoc in Mississippi 6 Nov
Tierney Davis in Tsunami Relief Work in Indonesia 1 Nov
Julie Harrold says "Don't change the Peace Corps" 31 Oct
Jacqueline Lyons shares her poems about Peace Corps 28 Oct
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Don Mosley to receive Pacem in Terris honor 17 Oct
Mary Cameron Kilgour writes on abuse 16 Oct
George Packer writes about Iraq for the New Yorker 16 Oct
Richard Celeste says Colorado higher education faces peril 16 Oct
Kevin Quigley says Keep Peace Corps, military separate 16 Oct
Christie and Eric Nelson say no to cars 15 Oct
Isaiah Zagar creates mosaic in Oakland 14 Oct
PC establishes awards for top Volunteers
Gaddi H. Vasquez has established the Kennedy Service Awards to honor the hard work and service of two current Peace Corps Volunteers, two returned Peace Corps Volunteers, and two Peace Corps staff members. The award to currently serving volunteers will be based on a demonstration of impact, sustainability, creativity, and catalytic effect. Submit your nominations by December 9.
Robert F. Kennedy - 80th anniversary of his birth
"Few men are willing to brave the disapproval of their fellows, the censure of their colleagues, the wrath of their society. Moral courage is a rarer commodity than bravery in battle or great intelligence. Yet it is the one essential, vital quality for those who seek to change the world which yields most painfully to change."
Peace Corps at highest Census in 30 years
Congratulations to the Peace Corps for the highest number of volunteers in 30 years with 7,810 volunteers serving in 71 posts across the globe. Of course, the President's proposal to double the Peace Corps to 15,000 volunteers made in his State of the Union Address in 2002 is now a long forgotten dream. With deficits in federal spending stretching far off into the future, any substantive increase in the number of volunteers will have to wait for new approaches to funding and for a new administration. Choose your candidate and start working for him or her now.
'Celebration of Service' a major success
The Peace Corps Fund's 'Celebration of Service' on September 29 in New York City was a major success raising approximately $100,000 for third goal activities. In the photo are Maureen Orth (Colombia); John Coyne (Ethiopia) Co-founder of the Peace Corps Fund; Caroline Kennedy; Barbara Anne Ferris (Morocco) Co-founder; Former Senator Harris Wofford, member of the Advisory Board. Read the story here.
PC apologizes for the "Kasama incident"
The District Commissioner for the Kasama District in Zambia issued a statement banning Peace Corps activities for 'grave' social misconduct and unruly behavior for an incident that occurred on September 24 involving 13 PCVs. Peace Corps said that some of the information put out about the incident was "inflammatory and false." On October 12, Country Director Davy Morris met with community leaders and apologized for the incident. All PCVs involved have been reprimanded, three are returning home, and a ban in the district has since been lifted.
The Peace Corps Library
Peace Corps Online is proud to announce that the Peace Corps Library is now available online. With over 30,000 index entries in 500 categories, this is the largest collection of Peace Corps related stories in the world. From Acting to Zucchini, you can find hundreds of stories about what RPCVs with your same interests or from your Country of Service are doing today. If you have a web site, support the "Peace Corps Library" and link to it today.
Friends of the Peace Corps 170,000 strong
170,000 is a very special number for the RPCV community - it's the number of Volunteers who have served in the Peace Corps since 1961. It's also a number that is very special to us because March is the first month since our founding in January, 2001 that our readership has exceeded 170,000. And while we know that not everyone who comes to this site is an RPCV, they are all "Friends of the Peace Corps." Thanks everybody for making PCOL your source of news for the Returned Volunteer community.