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SPAIN. March Prepared by Staff of the I N T E R N A T I O N A L M O N E T A R Y F U N D *
- Julia Maud Reeves
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1 Spain SPAIN FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORM: SECOND PROGRESS REPORT March 213 Prepared by Staff of the I N T E R N A T I O N A L M O N E T A R Y F U N D * *Does not necessarily reflect the views of the IMF Executive Board.
2 PREFACE Spain is undertaking a major program of financial sector reform with support from the European Stability Mechanism (ESM). On June 25, 212, Spain requested financial assistance from the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) to support the ongoing restructuring and recapitalization of its financial sector. The reform program aims to better capitalize Spain s banks and reduce uncertainty regarding the strength of their balance sheets, with a view toward improving banks access to funding markets; this in turn should help ease domestic credit conditions and thereby promote economic recovery; the capitalization drive also aims to protect taxpayers by requiring weak banks to undertake private capital-raising efforts now before undercapitalization problems expand; and reform the frameworks for financial sector regulation, supervision, and resolution to enhance the sector s resilience and avoid a re-accumulation of risks in the future. The Eurogroup approved this support for Spain, with Spain s commitments under the program outlined in the Memorandum of Understanding on Financial Sector Policy Conditionality (MoU) of July 2, 212. In November 212, responsibility for providing financial support for the program was transferred from the EFSF to Europe s new permanent rescue mechanism, the European Stability Mechanism (ESM), without this assistance gaining seniority status. This report provides information and analysis on the status of Spain s financial sector reform program. The Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, the Bank of Spain (BdE), and the European Commission (EC) requested that IMF staff provide such monitoring via quarterly reports, of which this report is the second. This monitoring is conducted as a form of technical assistance under Article V, Section 2(b), of the IMF s Articles of Agreement. Views expressed in the report are those of IMF staff and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF s Executive Board. Further information on the objective and scope of these reports is in the Terms of Reference (TOR). IMF staff is not a party to the MoU, nor responsible for the conditionality or implementation thereof. Information in this report is current as of February 28, 213. The report is organized into two main sections: Macro-financial context. Macroeconomic and financial conditions in Spain will affect the reform program s prospects for success, and vice-versa. Thus, as per the TOR for these reports, this section provides an update of recent macro-financial developments and key implications for the reform program. Progress on financial sector reforms. This section discusses progress on key measures under the reform program, as well as risks going forward and recommended actions to mitigate them. Further background on recent developments in the financial sector (e.g., trends in profitability and capital buffers) are provided in Annex 1. 2 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The main finding of this report is that major progress has been made in implementing financial sector reforms. The program remains on track: the clean-up of undercapitalized banks has reached an advanced stage, and key reforms of Spain s financial sector framework have been either adopted or designed. Indeed, the bulk of all of the measures for the entire program have now been completed. Going forward, it will be essential to maintain this reform momentum. This includes completing program measures that remain in progress (Annex 2) and implementing reform plans that were drawn up as measures under the MoU (e.g., the BdE s recently completed report on measures to strengthen its supervisory procedures). Vigilant oversight will also be essential, as risks to the economy and hence to the financial sector remain elevated as Spain continues to undergo a difficult process of correcting pre-crisis imbalances. With further nearterm headwinds from recession elsewhere in the euro area, Spain s economy is expected to contract for a second straight year in 213, keeping the unemployment rate over 26 percent and likely prompting a further rise in the nonperforming loan ratio. However, banks are stepping up provisions to help cushion this outcome. More generally, the difficult macroeconomic outlook remains better than the adverse scenario that underpins estimates of banks capital shortfalls under the program s stress test. The report s main findings and recommendations in key areas are as follows: Bank recapitalization and resolution: Action is being taken to address banks capital shortfalls: of note, restructuring plans have been approved for all banks receiving state aid, and a first round of capital has been injected (filling about two-thirds of the total capital shortfall), with the second round of public capital injections expected by early March. This progress toward cleaning up the weakest banks is a major achievement that should strengthen confidence in the system and improve its ability to support the real economy. Remaining elements of the recapitalization and burden-sharing exercise should be completed in a timely manner and in ways that minimize taxpayer costs. To help optimize the value of the state s investment in nationalized banks, the FROB s governance arrangements and ownership policies should continue to be strengthened. SAREB: Important progress has been made. Key achievements include the establishment of the company and the receipt of real estate-related assets from the weakest banks. Servicing agreements with participating banks to manage the transferred assets are also being finalized. Going forward, policy priorities to address remaining challenges include the completion of an updated and comprehensive long-term business plan and robust implementation of strong servicing agreements to safeguard the value of SAREB s assets. Addressing these and other near-term challenges should take precedence over a search for further equity participation, as the terms of such participation are likely to be more favorable to SAREB once it has established a solid track record of profitability. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 3
4 Ensuring adequate aggregate credit supply: Banks wholesale funding costs have dropped in recent months, but so far there are only tentative signs of this translating into an easing of the tight credit conditions faced by most households and businesses. Against this background, the planned compilation of all major banks Funding and Capital Plans (essentially banks projections of their quarterly balance sheets) will provide a useful vehicle for assessing the likely near-term evolution of credit, the forces driving its rapid contraction, and the need for any remedial measures. Monitoring and maintenance of financial stability: To safeguard the program s gains, it will be important to continue closely monitoring the health of the financial system and refine the financial sector reform strategy if needed. Any risks that such monitoring may identify should be addressed at the earliest possible stage through strong supervisory action. Any further actions to strengthen solvency should focus mainly on measures such as restrictions on cash dividends and bonuses and requirements to issue equity that boost the numerator of capital ratios rather than cut the denominator (i.e., credit contraction) if possible, given the already tight credit conditions. Regulatory and supervisory framework: To support stronger financial sector oversight, the authorities have completed several benchmarks aimed at enhancing the BdE s regulatory (i.e., rule-making) and supervisory powers, including the transfer of licensing and sanctioning powers from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness to the BdE. To further strengthen the BdE s operational independence, the authorities should consider transferring all remaining supervisory powers to the BdE and, where necessary, establish consultative processes to allow for appropriate checks and balances. An action plan should also be drawn up to implement the BdE s recent proposals to strengthen its supervisory procedures, with specific timelines and taking into account the forthcoming Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM). Savings bank reform: The draft law to reform the savings bank system is a welcome step aimed at enhancing these banks governance and reducing risks to financial stability. It will be important to ensure that the draft law sets effective incentives for former savings banks to gradually divest their controlling stakes in commercial banks. Addressing personal debt distress: The authorities are designing new measures to extend the protection of socially vulnerable mortgage borrowers. Many proposals are steps in the right direction, though it will be important to ensure that measures are welltargeted so that assistance is focused on those most in need and to minimize moral hazard. Going forward, further study of ways to strengthen the insolvency framework to more efficiently address personal insolvency, while maintaining strong credit discipline and the payment culture in Spain, would be useful. 4 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
5 Bank recapitalization and resolution SAREB Summary of Recommendations 1 Complete the recapitalization and burden-sharing exercises in ways that minimize taxpayer costs and in a timely manner ( 8-12). Further strengthen the FROB s governance arrangements and ownership policies to help optimize the value of the state s investment in nationalized banks ( 18). Meet SAREB s key near-term operational challenges: ensure full implementation of servicing agreements and completion of a sound, comprehensive, and updated long-term business plan ( 22). Tightly enforce conflict-of-interest rules for SAREB s Board of Directors under Spain's general corporate regime and SAREB s establishing legislation. Adopt additional safeguards as appropriate, including rules that Board members should not participate in deliberations on asset portfolios that are similar to those that their bank intends to sell ( 22). Ensuring adequate aggregate credit supply Use banks aggregated and consistent projections of their quarterly balance sheets to inform the likely future path of aggregate credit conditions and to identify any constraints; assess the need for and possible effectiveness of remedial measures on the basis of this analysis ( 29-3). Monitoring and maintenance of financial stability To safeguard the program s gains, ensure continued close monitoring of banks solvency positions, with a view to detecting and correcting at an early stage any signs of renewed deterioration ( 17). Encourage banks to prioritize capital building over distributions of cash dividends/bonuses ( 17). Savings bank reform In the draft bill to reform the system of savings banks, more clearly emphasize the strict character of the requirements that, in the interest of financial stability, banking foundations will have to comply with, such as risk diversification and holding of cash reserves ( 31-35). Reform of the BdE s regulatory and supervisory powers and supervisory procedures Clarify the areas of prudential regulation (i.e., rule-making) where the BdE has already been given powers and what kind of government involvement is envisaged in those cases. Based on this diagnostic, refine or expand the BdE s regulatory powers as appropriate ( 37-39). Consider transferring to the BdE all financial supervisory powers that currently remain with the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (important such powers include the approval of mergers and significant transfer of ownership). Where necessary, establish consultative processes to allow for appropriate checks and balances ( 37-39). Draw up an action plan to implement the BdE s recent proposals to strengthen its supervisory procedures, with specific timelines and taking into account the SSM ( 4-41). Addressing personal debt distress Study ways to strengthen the insolvency framework to more efficiently address personal insolvency while maintaining strong credit discipline and the payment culture in Spain ( 42-46). 1 Paragraph numbers in which these recommendations are discussed appear in parentheses. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 5
6 Approved By Ranjit Teja and Ceyla Pazarbasioglu Prepared by a staff team comprising J. Daniel (head), K. Fletcher, P. Lopez-Murphy, P. Sodsriwiboon, J. Vacher (all EUR), R. Romeu (FAD), O. Frecaut, A. Buffa di Perrero, S. Grittini (all MCM), A. Gullo (LEG), R. Espinoza (RES), and M. Chivakul (SPR). The report reflects discussions with the Spanish authorities, the European Commission, the European Central Bank, the European Stability Mechanism, the European Banking Authority, and the private sector held in Madrid during January 28-February 1, 213. CONTENTS THE MACRO-FINANCIAL CONTEXT 7 A. The Real Economy 7 B. Financial Markets and External Financing 8 C. Credit Conditions 9 D. Outlook and Risks 1 PROGRESS ON FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORM 12 A. Bank Recapitalization and Resolution 12 B. SAREB 17 C. Ensuring Adequate Aggregate Credit Supply 2 D. Savings Bank Reform 22 E. Reform of the BdE s Regulatory and Supervisory Powers 24 F. Reform of the BdE s Supervisory Procedures 25 G. Addressing Personal Debt Distress 26 TABLES 1. Main Economic Indicators, Selected Financial Soundness Indicators, Monetary Survey, FIGURES 1. Household s Financial Positions Nonfinancial Corporate s Financial Positions Financial Market Indicators Credit Conditions 34 ANNEXES 1. Banking Sector Developments IMF Staff Views on Status of MoU Conditionality 4 6 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
7 THE MACRO-FINANCIAL CONTEXT The economy continues to contract as it undergoes a difficult process of correcting pre-crisis imbalances. The challenge of this adjustment has been exacerbated by weak economic conditions in many of Spain s main trading partners and by continued financial market fragmentation within the euro area. On the upside, the current account has improved significantly and is now in surplus, and the severity of financial market fragmentation has lessened since last summer in response to positive policy action at both the European and national levels. Nonetheless, Spain s external borrowing costs remain high even after this improvement, and credit conditions for most businesses and households are still tight. Going forward, economic recovery is expected to be slow and gradual, with high risks. This difficult outlook underscores the need to continue monitoring financial sector health closely and to complete initiated reforms at both the European and Spanish levels. A. The Real Economy 1. The economy continues to contract as it undergoes a difficult but necessary process of deleveraging and rebalancing toward external demand: GDP continued to fall in the fourth quarter of 212, dropping.8 (quarter-on-quarter), bringing the full-year contraction to -1.4 percent. Weak growth has compressed imports (Table 1). Together with strong exports, this has pushed the current account into surplus in recent months. Further correction is expected, as both the public and private sectors seek to strengthen their weak financial positions, as indicated by Spain s still highly negative net International Investment Position (-9.5 percent) House Price-to-Income Ratio (Historical average=1) 1/ Ireland UK Spain US Real house prices continue to correct, falling another 2.4 percent in Q The large overhang of houses for sale suggests that further declines are likely Source: OECD. 1/ Historical average calculated over 198-present. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 7
8 Falling incomes and asset prices are taking a toll on household and corporate balance sheets (Figures 1 and 2), with NPL ratios on both household and corporate loans rising further (Annex 1). Declining disposable income has made it harder to save, with the household saving rate falling back below its pre-crisis level. Similarly, weak growth has left the ratios of household and nonfinancial corporate debt to GDP only moderately below their peaks, despite a significant contraction of nominal credit (Section C). However, the nonfinancial corporate debt ratio is now on a steeper downward trajectory Spain: Private Sector Debt 1/ (Percent of GDP) Household debt Nonfinancial corporate debt Q3 Sources: BdE, Eurostat. 1/ Debt liabilities include loans, securities other than shares, and other accounts payable,including trade credit. 5 B. Financial Markets and External Financing 2. Despite the ongoing economic deterioration, financial market conditions have improved significantly since the start of program last July (Figure 3). Key developments, such as the ECB s creation of its OMT facility and the reduction of tail risks in Greece, have helped spur renewed capital inflows into Spain, which in turn have buoyed Spanish financial markets. For example, yields on 5-year Spanish sovereign bonds have fluctuated around 4.5 percent since the beginning of September, down from an average of 5.9 percent in the summer. Yields on the bonds of the largest nonfinancial corporations and banks have fallen even more dramatically. Taking advantage of these favorable conditions, large companies and banks continue to tap the market Spain: 5-year Bond Yield (Percent) Santander BBVA 2 Bankia Banco Popular Sovereign Corporate Aug-11 Oct-11 Jan-12 Apr-12 Jul-12 Oct-12 Jan-13 Source: Bloomberg Spain: Bond Issuance by Sector, 212 (EUR billions) 18 General government 16 Bank 14 Corporate Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: Dealogic. 8 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
9 C. Credit Conditions 3. However, better financial market conditions have not yet fed through to significantly easier credit conditions for most borrowers. Bank financing remains the primary source of financing for the vast majority of Spanish households and firms, and this source of financing has continued to contract. Consequently, the growth rate of credit to the nonfinancial private sector (from both bank and market financing) fell further to over 4½ percent at end-212, a sharper drop than in other major European economies Nonfinancial Corporate Liabilities (Percent of GDP, September 212) Loans Debt securities Spain Italy Germany France UK US Sources: ECB; Eurostat; Federal Reserve Spain: Financing of Nonfinancial Sector 1/ (year-on-year percent change) Total Corporations Households and NPISHs -1 Jan-5 Aug-6 Mar-8 Oct-9 May-11 Dec Financing of Nonfinancial Sector 2/ (year-on-year percent change) Spain France Germany Italy UK -1 Mar-5 Sep-6 Mar-8 Sep-9 Mar-11 Sep-12 Sources: Bank of Spain; and National authorities. 1/ From flow of funds data; includes both bank credit and market financing (e.g., corporate bonds). 2/ Loans and securities other than shares. Although declining credit undoubtedly reflects in part weak credit demand amidst recession, there are also indications of ongoing tight credit supply. Specifically: Unmet Demand for Bank Credit from SMEs 1/ (percent of respondents) Higher Sovereign Yield Economies Lower Sovereign Yield Economies Lending surveys indicate that credit availability tightened sharply at the onset of the crisis, with no sign yet of any reversal (Figure 4); and Spain Italy France Germany Source: SAFE survey (ECB). 1/ The chart shows the difference between credit requested and supplied. Credit requested is the percentage of firms that applied for a loan or who did not apply for a loan due to possible rejection.credit supplied is the percentage of firms that applied for a bank loan and got all or most of it. 1 Excludes the effects of the transfer of loans to SAREB (see next section for more details on this operation). INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 9
10 Lending rates the price of credit, which should fall in response to lower demand and rise in response to lower supply remain well above euro area norms for small companies (Figure 4). In contrast, lending rates to large companies are much closer to euro-area averages. This divergent behavior across different types of lending could reflect the lower riskiness of large companies due to the larger international diversification of their operations. However, it could also partly reflect the ability of large companies to more easily access credit outside the Spanish banking system, thereby forcing Spanish banks to keep lending rates to them equivalent to those rates available from nonbanks and banks outside Spain, unlike SMEs, who are more captive to Spanish banking conditions. 4. However, the effects of lower sovereign yields and financial sector reforms on lending rates are likely to show up with some lag. Staff estimates suggest that sovereign spreads affect bank lending rates, with the most pronounced effects occurring after 6 months (see chart). In addition, data are not yet available to fully judge the effects on credit conditions of the significant boost to the banking system s capital and liquidity that occurred in December 212-January 213 as part of the financial sector reform program. Nonetheless, there are tentative signs that a delayed but significant effect may be taking hold, with interest rates on SME and consumer loans falling by 16 and 68 basis points, respectively, in December Estimated Pass-Through of Sovereign Spreads to Interest Rates on New Loans 1/ (Percent) Interest Rates on New Consumer Loans (Percent, all maturities weighted average) After 3 months After 6 months NFCs < 1 mn NFCs > 1 mn Mortgage Consumer loans Sources: BdE; ECB; Bloomberg; and IMF staff estimates. 1/ The estimates are the cumulative responses of a VAR model including interest rates on new loans, changes in sovereign bond spreads, changes in bank CDS spreads, and changes in the 3-month euribor. Data are monthly from January 25-August 212. (See IMF country report no. 12/168, "Recent Movements in Italian Government Bond Spreads: Driving Factors and Implications on Lending Conditions" for a similar model.) Spain 4 Germany 4 France 2 Italy 2 Euro Area Jan-5 May-6 Sep-7 Jan-9 May-1 Sep-11 Jan-13 Source: ECB. D. Outlook and Risks 5. Economic and financial conditions are expected to remain difficult for some time. Domestic demand is projected to stay contained over the medium term, reflecting continued deleveraging of the private sector amid tight financial conditions and ongoing fiscal consolidation. Although exports are expected to contribute increasingly to growth as the global economy recovers and competitiveness improves further, the ability of exports to fuel a rapid recovery is hindered by its moderate share of the economy. IMF staff thus project another year of -1½ percent growth for 213, followed by slow and gradual recovery. In terms of the cumulative decline in real GDP during , this difficult outlook is somewhat worse than the 1 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
11 assumptions underlying the base case used for the financial sector stress tests (table below; Table 1), but IMF staff s scenario remains significantly better than the adverse case used to assess banks capital shortfalls. 2 Similarly, NPL ratios are still much lower than those implicit in the default probabilities used in the adverse case (though exact comparisons are complicated by the effects of foreclosures and write-offs; see Annex 1 for further discussion). Key Macro Variables (annual rates, percent) Assumptions in Stress Tests Base case Adverse case Latest IMF Staff Forecasts Real GDP growth Nominal GDP growth Unemployment rate Harmonized CPI growth GDP deflator growth House price growth Land price growth Spain sovereign yield, 1-year Credit to households 1/ Credit to nonfinancial firms 1/ Sources: Haver; Oliver Wyman; IMF staff estimates. 1/From the flow of funds data. Includes loans from resident credit institutions, off-balance-sheet securitized loans, and loans transferred to SAREB. 6. Nonetheless, risks around the outlook are large. Multiple feedback loops between critical macro variables including confidence, growth, public and private balance sheets, and lending conditions imply risks of vicious and virtuous circles, as indicated by the high volatility of Spanish markets in recent years. With the fiscal deficit still high (Table 1), significant mediumterm adjustment is also required to put debt on a downward path. This adds further risk to the outlook, given uncertainty surrounding the exact magnitude of the resulting contractionary impulses. In general, downside risks dominate, including the risk that the rise in unemployment which is already around the rates assumed in the adverse case will continue to outpace expectations. Among other adverse consequences, this could raise losses on household lending substantially. That said, there are also important upside risks. Of note, recent productivity gains could spur further upside surprises on export growth, and the large amount of idle labor implies a potential for relatively rapid growth if such labor can be swiftly re-engaged in productive activity. 7. The difficult outlook and high risks underscore the need for continued action by both Spain and Europe to promote a less costly adjustment. Such actions include continued strong implementation of the financial sector reform program in Spain and timely progress on European reforms to solidify the monetary union. Risks to the outlook also suggest a need to maintain close monitoring of the financial system, as discussed in more detail in the following section. 2 As discussed in the next section, the stress test was applied to banks balance sheets as of end-211. Capital shortfalls were assessed against a benchmark EBA core tier 1 ratio of 6 percent. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 11
12 PROGRESS ON FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORM The program remains on track: the clean-up of undercapitalized banks has reached an advanced stage, and key reforms of Spain s financial sector framework have been either adopted or designed. Indeed, the bulk of all of the measures for the entire program have now been completed (Annex 2). Going forward, it will be important to maintain this momentum with strong completion of initiated reforms and vigilant oversight. Further discussion of selected financial sector issues is below. What is being done? A. Bank Recapitalization and Resolution 8. The clean-up of undercapitalized banks has reached an advanced stage. In September, an independent stress test of banks balance sheets identified ten banks that were projected to face capital shortfalls relative to a benchmark of a six percent Core Tier 1 capital ratio by end-214 under an adverse scenario. In October, these banks were divided into three groups, as described in the previous progress report: Group 1 (banks with large capital needs that were already controlled by FROB); Group 2 (banks that could not fill their capital shortfall on their own); and Group 3 (banks expected to fill their capital shortfall through their own means). For the first two groups, viability assessments were carried out, and restructuring or resolution plans were completed and approved by the EC on November 28 (for Group 1 banks) and December 2 (for Group 2 banks). Actual public capital injections in line with needs took place on December 26 for Group 1 banks, for a total amount of 37. billion (see table below). The single bank in that group deemed non-viable will cease to exist as a result of its sale that will be followed by a full incorporation of its business into that of the buyer. For Group 2 banks, public capital injections are expected during the first quarter of 213 for a total amount of 1.8 billion. The two banks in Group 3 were able to raise the needed capital through their own means, most of it by end-212, with completion well underway in early 213. Hence, it is expected that once the burden-sharing exercises (see next paragraph) are completed in the next few months, all capital needs identified under the stress test will have been met. 12 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
13 Group 2 Group 1 Bank name Oliver Wyman capital shortfall Expected Measures to Meet Spanish Banks' Capital Shortfall Injection of public capital 2/ Issuance of new private equity (Millions of euros) Measures Expected to Be Taken to Meet Capital Shortfall 1/ Capital augmentation through SLEs Reduction in capital need from transfer of assets to SAREB Reduction in capital need from sale of assets Reduction in capital need from revaluation of assets BFA-Bankia 24,743 17,959 6, Catalunya Banc 1,824 9,84 1, Nova Caixa Galicia 7,175 5,425 2, Banco de Valencia 4/ 3,462 4, Banco Mare Nostrum 6/ 2, Liberbank 1, CEISS 2, , Caja Other 3/ Group 3 Banco Popular 3,223 2, Ibercaja Total 55,898 38,833 2,5 12,727 1,329 1, INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 13 Sources: Bank of Spain; FROB. 1/ Figures are only estimates, as some operations, such as SLEs, are not ongoing and not yet final. 2/ State Aid (injections of capital and cocos by FROB). For BFA-Bankia, 4,5 million were already contributed by Frob in September, / BMN: 63 million of lower tax liabilities. Banco Popular: 33 million of covered bonds buy-back, 125 million of net recoveries from previous write-offs, and 174 million of checked operating income. Ibercaja: 93 million of subordinated debt and securitizations repurchases. 4/ Does not include APS scheme covering up to 72.5 percent of loan losses on a 6,98 million loan portolio, corresponding to an expected loss of about 6 million according to Bank of Spain estimates. As a result of the sales process of the bank, the final injection of capital has exceeded the initially estimated shortfall. 5/ 851 million in BMN: 77 million from the sale of the Caixa Penedés branch, and 81 million of securities sales. 6/ The capital increase by SLEs in BMN is estimated at 382 million, but the measures take into account only 182 million because 2 million had been taken into consideration in the stress test exercise, reducing the capital shotfall (a conversion of preference shares into CoCos was planned, but finally it was not carried out). SPAIN
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Critics have long claimed that when the law regulates police behavior it inadvertently reduces officer aggressiveness, thereby increasing crime. This hypothesis has taken on new significance in recent years as prominent politicians and law enforcement leaders have argued that increased oversight of police officers in the wake of the events in Ferguson, Missouri has led to an increase in national crime rates. Using a panel of American law enforcement agencies and difference-in-difference regression analyses, this Article tests whether the introduction of public scrutiny or external regulation is associated with changes in crime rates. To do this, this Article relies on an original dataset of all police departments that have been subject to federally mandated reform under 42 U.S.C. § 14141—the most invasive form of modern American police regulation. This Article finds that the introduction of § 14141 regulation was associated with a statistically significant uptick in some crime rates, relative to unaffected municipalities. This uptick in crime was concentrated in the years immediately after federal intervention and diminished over time. This finding suggests that police departments may experience growing pains when faced with external regulation.
To read the complete article, click "VIEW PDF" below.

subset: commoncrawl


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Burl Ives: Everyone's Favorite Uncle
By: Legacy Staff
6 years ago
Burl Ives, born June 14, 1909, is best known today for his part as the snowman-narrator in "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer," but he also enjoyed a decades-long career as a folk singer, actor and writer.
Born as Burl Icle Ivanhoe Ives in Jasper County, Illinois, Ives was perhaps destined to be a little different. One of six siblings raised by farmers Levi and Cordelia Ives, the young Burl first showed his musical abilities at a soldiers' reunion party, where he performed the ballad "Barbara Allen" at the request of his uncle. As a youth he was also very active in the Boy Scouts, and later in life would often perform at their National Jamborees.
Ives attended and played football for what is now Eastern Illinois University for two years, but decided he was wasting his time. He tried to launch a recording career but his first effort, a version of "Behind the Clouds," was rejected by a label in Richmond, Ind., and so Ives hit the road.
He spent much of the early 1930s hitchhiking across the country with his banjo, doing odd jobs as he learned songs from cowboys, miners, hoboes and itinerant preachers. By the end of the decade he'd landed in New York City, where he built an audience among Greenwich Village's budding folk scene and added acting to his résumé, making his Broadway debut in 1938. Two years later, Ives had his own radio show on CBS, "The Wayfarin' Stranger," where he shared some of the folk tunes he'd collected on his travels as a young man – ditties like "Foggy, Foggy Dew" (a song he'd been arrested for performing in Utah), "Blue Tail Fly" and "Big Rock Candy Mountain."
He was an occasional member of folk collective the Almanac Singers, whose members also included Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger. The group affiliated itself with the American Peace Mobilization (APM), a Communist front organization who opposed American entry into World War II. Just before the Nazis invaded the Soviet Union, the group changed its name to the American Peoples Mobilization and demanded the U.S. join the war – a move which forced the Almanac Singers to re-record some of their songs to include pro-war sentiments.
Ives was drafted into the Army, where he served by performing in the cast of Irving Berlin's traveling This is the Army show, a production intended to inspire patriotism and boost the country's morale. He also made recordings for the Office of War Information.
It was after the war that Ives' multi-faceted career really began to take off. In 1946 he made his big-screen acting debut with "Smoky," a film starring Fred MacMurray and Anne Baxter. Two years later, he published his first book, an autobiography. Signed to a record deal by Decca, in 1949 he scored a hit with "Lavender Blue (Dilly Dilly)." Two years later he would have an even bigger success with "On Top of Old Smoky."
But controversy hit when Ives' name appeared in a Red Channels pamphlet identifying him as a suspected Communist, effectively blacklisting him from Hollywood. In 1952 Ives was called before the House Un-American Activities Committee and, unlike many of his contemporaries, he agreed to testify (though he did not "name names"). The move allowed him to return to films, but embittered many of his friends from the folk scene, including Seeger, who wouldn't reconcile with Ives for four decades.
After clearing his name from the blacklist, Ives appeared in a number of notable movies, including "East of Eden," directed by fellow HUAC testifier Elia Kazan. Playing against type, the avuncular Ives would be cast as domineering Big Daddy in 1958's "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof" with Elizabeth Taylor and Paul Newman. And for his role in William Wyler's The Big Country (1958), Ives won the Academy Award for best supporting actor.
Work continued on the music front, too, with 1953's "The Burl Ives Songbook" becoming required guitar case material for practicing folkies. Ives also recorded 120 songs for the Encyclopedia Britannica's six-album collection "Historical America in Song" and in 1961 had another best-selling song with "A Little Bitty Tear," a country song written by Hank Cochran that would reach No. 9 on the charts.
And as if work on stage, screen, in books and on records wasn't enough, Ives made a number of television appearances. His small screen credits range from "Zane Grey Theatre" to "Night Gallery" to "Roots," but what he remains best known for today must surely be his role as the narrator Sam Snowman in 1964's stop-motion holiday classic "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer." The show has aired every single year since, now usually appearing multiple times each year during the holiday season.
In 1988 Ives starred in "The Mystic Trumpeter," a one-man stage production about Walt Whitman that Ives had written in collaboration with his second wife. He retired from showbiz on his 80th birthday.
A lifelong pipe smoker, Ives was diagnosed with mouth cancer in 1994. A year later, he died at 85.
"I think my life has been a long, slow process of trying to move closer and closer to the spirit by moving closer and closer to the heart," he once said. "I'm not at all afraid of death, because I see that my life is just a matter of growth and change. If a piece of wood will never die, this bouncy thing called Burl will never die as well."


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+ 52 9988729200
Carretera Federal 307, Chetumal-Puerto Juarez, Benito Juarez Puerto Morelos 77580 Mexico
Location Ideally located between Cancún and Playa del Carmen and just a short 25-minute drive south of Cancún International Airport, the hotel is situated along a stretch of natural pure white sand beach in the Riviera Maya. The town centre of Puerto Morelos is around 2 km away. Facilities The resort was built in 2009. Travellers can feel at home in one of the 486 rooms. A lobby and a reception are available to guests. Amenities include a cash machine. Wireless internet access is available to travellers in the public areas. Various gastronomic options are available, including a restaurant, a dining area, a café and a bar. Various shops are available, including a supermarket. The grounds of the complex feature a playground and an attractive garden. Additional features at the holiday complex include a newspaper stand and a playroom. Those arriving in their own vehicles can leave them in the car park of the accommodation. Additional services include a babysitting service, a childcare service, room service, a laundry service and a hairdresser. Rooms Each of the rooms is appointed with air conditioning, a fan and a bathroom. Most rooms feature a balcony with a view for guests' enjoyment. Many rooms feature a sea view, which further enhances the ambience. The rooms have a double bed or a king-size bed. Cots are available for younger guests. A safe and a minibar are also available. A mini fridge and a tea/coffee station are provided as standard. An ironing set is also available for travellers' convenience. Little extras, including internet access, a telephone, a TV, a radio, a stereo system, a CD player, a DVD player, an alarm clock and WiFi (no extra charge), contribute to a great stay. Among the amenities provided in the rooms are slippers and a daily paper. Rooms suitable for wheelchair access are bookable. The bathrooms are fitted with a shower, a bathtub and a hot tub. A hairdryer, a vanity mirror and bathrobes are provided for everyday use. Bathrooms with wheelchair access can also be booked. Sports/Entertainment The resort offers an outdoor pool and a children's pool. Sun loungers and parasols are ideal for relaxation. The hot tub is the perfect place to relax. There is also a poolside snack bar. A variety of sporting activities, such as bocce, beach volleyball and fishing, or for a fee, golf, are offered at the complex. With windsurfing, kayaking, snorkelling, diving and aquafit, fans of water sports will have plenty to choose from. Guests can take advantage of a wide range of indoor sports in the holiday complex, including a gym, table tennis, billiards, yoga and aerobics. Various wellness options are available at the accommodation, including a spa, a sauna, a steam bath, a beauty salon and massage treatments. Leisure facilities include an entertainment programme, live music, a disco, a kids' club, a casino and a nightclub. Meals Catering options available at the resort include bed and breakfast and all-inclusive. Breakfast, lunch and dinner are available. Special dietary cuisine and gluten-free meals can be prepared on request. In addition, special catering options and snacks are available. Drinks are included in the price for travellers. The complex offers alcohol-free drinks and alcoholic beverages. Payment The following credit cards are accepted in the holiday complex: American Express, VISA and MasterCard.


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Hinduwebsite.com Featured Videos
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Welcome to Hinduwebsite video center. You can directly watch from here videos about Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Yoga, Spirituality, Meditation and Self-help. The first section contains original videos from Hinduwebsite.com Video Channel. In the next section you can watch videos in the same categories from other channels. This section has been created using Google YouTube APIs and Tools. This player works best in latest browsers, but despite all the effort we have made to deal with cross browser issues, it may still not show up in some browsers. If you have experienced problems we regret for the inconvenience, while we still try to improve this interface and make it more user friendly.
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The Concept of Maya or Illusion
How To Control And Manage Stress
Things that are difficult to do. Overcoming Challenges
The Meaning of Nirvana in Hinduism, Budhism and Jainism
Creating Your Path - A Modern Aranyaka
Think Success: A Collection of Writings
Welcome Speech Addressed by Swami Vivekanada At Chicago
Spiritual and Material Aspects of Hinduism
Self Realization What It Means In Hinduism
The Sacred Space Within And Without
Shankara Nada Sarira - A Devotional Song For Lord Siva
Evolution Of Life According To Samkhya School
A Devotional Song For Lord Ganesha, The Son Of Siva
Change Your Response - Choose Happiness
The Concept Of God In Early Hinduism
The Wisdom Of The Bhagavadgita
Inspirational Quotes For Everyday Use - Part 2
The Traditional Definitions of Yoga
Right Speech On The Eightfold Path Of Buddhism
Karmayoga In The Service Of Hinduism
The Nature Of Citta According To The Yoga Sutra
Success Principles From The Yoga Sutra
The Meaning, Purpose And Practice Of Mindfulness
Centering Yourself In Your Higher Consciousness
Listening To Sounds With Mindfulness In Daily Life
Sattva, Rajas And Tamas The Qualities Of Prakriti
Hindu And Sindhu The Historical Connection
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|Josh Phelps
|San Francisco Giants — No. 31
|First baseman
May 12, 1978
Anchorage, Alaska
|Bats: Right
|Throws: Right
|MLB debut
|June 13, 2000 for the Toronto Blue Jays
|Career statistics
(through 2008 season)
|Batting average
|Home runs
|Runs batted in
Joshua Lee Phelps (born May 12, 1978 in Anchorage, Alaska) is a Major League Baseball first baseman for the San Francisco Giants organization. He has also played as a designated hitter and emergency catcher at the major league level. He bats and throws right-handed.
A .273 career hitter through 2008 with a .472 slugging percentage, he has hit .300/.496 with runners in scoring position.
Phelps attended Lakeland High School in Rathdrum, Idaho, where he was the baseball team's Most Valuable Player as a senior, and graduated 4th in his class in 1996 with a 3.94 GPA.[1]
Phelps was drafted by the Toronto Blue Jays as a catcher in the 10th round of the 1996 draft. Phelps planned to pursue engineering in college before he signed with the Blue Jays.
In 1999, he led the Florida State League in slugging percentage (.562), and was 2nd in batting (.328). He was rated as the 5th best prospect in the organization by Baseball America.
In 2001, with Tennessee of the Southern League (Double-A), he hit .292, led the league with 36 doubles and 31 home runs, and was third in RBI (97). He was the Southern League MVP, was named to their All-Star team as the catcher and designated hitter, was selected to Baseball America's Minor League Second Team All-Star as catcher, was named as the R. Howard Webster Award winner (team MVP), and was twice selected as the SL Player of the Week.
He then hit .433 in 23 games in the Arizona Fall League for Scottsdale. He was rated the top prospect in the Blue Jays organization by Baseball America.
In 2002, he started the season with Syracuse (Triple-A) of the International League, and was recalled on July 2 by Toronto. At the time of his recall, he was leading all of minor league baseball in home runs (24), and was leading the IL in RBI (64) and slugging percentage (.658).
He was named to the Triple-A All Star team, and was selected to play for Team USA at the Futures game in Milwaukee.
He spent 2006 with the Toledo Mud Hens, the Detroit Tigers Triple-A franchise. He hit .308 (2nd in the league), and ranked second among International League hitters with a .532 slugging percentage, and 3rd in the league with 24 HR and 90 RBI.
Through 2006 in his minor league career, he had hit .288/.360/.524.
In 2000 he appeared in one game for Toronto at the age of 22. The following year, he caught in 7 games, and went hitless in 12 at bats. In 2002, he hit .309 with a .562 slugging percentage, and was 5th in the AL in HBP (17). In 2003, he hit a career-high 20 home runs. In August 2004, he was traded by the Blue Jays to the Cleveland Indians for Eric Crozier.
In December 2004, he signed as a free agent with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays. In January 2006, he was signed by the Detroit Tigers to a minor league contract. In November 2006, he signed with the Baltimore Orioles to a one-year minor league contract, but he was acquired by the Yankees in the Rule 5 Draft on December 7, 2006. On March 30, 2007, he was placed on the New York Yankee 40-man roster, beating out Andy Phillips. Initially picked to platoon at first base with Doug Mientkiewicz, Manager Joe Torre hinted that Phelps might man the position by himself if his impressive spring training numbers continued into the regular season. On June 19, 2007, Phelps was designated for assignment. He was claimed by the Pittsburgh Pirates on June 22 and replaced Brad Eldred on their 25-man roster.
On November 29, 2007, he elected to file for free agency and was signed to a minor league contract by the St. Louis Cardinals on January 10, 2008.[2] Phelps was promoted to the Major League roster on August 27, 2008.
On October 15, 2008, he was designated for assignment to make room for left-handed relief specialist, Charlie Manning.[3]
On November 3, 2008, the San Francisco Giants signed Josh Phelps to a minor league contract with a spring training invite
Phelps is the all-time leader in home runs for a player born in Alaska.[4]


text: On 12/29/10 6:55 PM, Omar Andrés Zapata Mesa wrote: > sorry the branch is this > https://github.com/omazapa/ipython/blob/iplogging/IPython/utils/iplogging.py Don't bother making an IpLogger class. It's entirely unnecessary, and it makes configuration harder. Please go back to my earlier email from Dec 11 that suggests making a Configurable that allows IPython users to configure their logging from the IPython configuration system. -- Robert Kern "I have come to believe that the whole world is an enigma, a harmless enigma that is made terrible by our own mad attempt to interpret it as though it had an underlying truth." -- Umberto Eco


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This week there will be lots of making going on! Or as Soule Mama would call it.....'Elving' . I've been so inspired the last few years by Amanda, and also Gabrielle of Design Mom, who each lead their children in making gifts for one another at Christmastime. I admire their dedication to their children and families and the effort they put forth to teach their children to be giving and thoughtful. Now, let's see if I can pull that off too. ;)
We announced the idea to our children back in November and pretty much have had mainly brainstorming going around.....a little making, but mostly ideas. So here we are...the week of Christmas and we have some work to do to make this happen!
My oldest loves to do art, so he decided to draw each siblings name on paper in one of his favorite artistic ways and then frame it for hanging in their bedrooms. I supplied him with the art paper (that was easy!) and purchased a nice set of Sharpies (they're his favorite marker).
For frames we decided to see what we could thrift and paint. So this week he's got a little painting to do.
My 2 youngest sons are going to embellish some inexpensive headbands for their sister.
We've got a couple ideas and need a trip to the craft store and I think we'll be set on the others.
I've decided to make a few stockings for the younger ones. Ava doesn't have one at all and the other boys stockings were quick purchases a few years ago that we aren't too crazy about. My 2 older boys love the stockings I made them when they were very young and were not interested in a new one. I guess I should be happy about that except they won't go with the new ones, but oh well.
I'm excited to use these cute pom poms for trim! My mom had done that on our stockings, so the idea to do the same was perfect.
For the stockings, I'm going off patterns and ideas from these and these. Here are some fabric options for my daughters stocking:
So, I better get to it! Wish me luck.
Oh, and you should get some pom poms. ;)
Merry Making!


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Types OF NOUNS:
Common Nouns – are names of people (e.g. man), things (e.g. books), animals (e.g. monkey) and places (church).
cute monkey!!
Proper Nouns – are special names of people (e.g. George Bush), things (e.g. Financial Times), animals (e.g. King Kong) and places (e.g. Paris). A proper noun begins with a Capital Letter.
Siti Nurhaliza, the famous singer from Malaysia~
Abstract Nouns – An abstract noun is the name of something that we can only think of or feel but cannot see (e.g. friendship).
Collective Nouns – are names used for a number of people,
things or animals together and treated as one. For example: a group of friends, a bunch of bananas, a litter of puppies.
a bunch of bananas~
Countable and Uncountable Nouns – Countable nouns are nouns which can be counted (e.g. trees). Uncountable nouns are nouns which cannot be counted. (e.g. smoke).
Download more notes on Box.net!


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The National Indian Education Association Releases Response to Trump's Proposed Cuts to Native EducationTweet
The Trump Administration released its 2019 Budget on Monday, February 12th proposing a 5% cut to the Department of Education and a 14% cut to the Department of Interior. As far as Native education, the Department of Education proposed level funding for Title VI, the Indian Education Formula Grant Program, at $164.9 million. In the Department of Interior, significant cuts were proposed to the Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) with respect to construction from $133 million to $72 million). Significant reductions in operating funding of more than $141 million from $892 million to $741 million in operating funding for BIE as a whole were also proposed.
The Administration's Budget in Context
The Administration's proposed Fiscal Year 2019 (FY 19) Budget is a starting point in determining the funding levels for Native education programs for next year. Ultimately, Congress will write its own appropriations bills that will play a significantly more important role in determine the final funding levels for next year. The Administration's budget is important in that it marks the beginning of the process and is deeply concerning because of the lack of funding for Native students.
Next Steps
The next step in the process will begin on March 23rd, when Congress will start drafting the appropriations bills for Fiscal Year 2019. Typically, Congress would have already begun drafting the appropriations bills, but disagreements over funding for the current fiscal year have dragged on through several extensions of funding, known as continuing resolutions. The most recent such extension will expire on March 23rd, by which time NIEA expects that final funding for FY 2018 will be reached before then.
The Impact of the Proposed Department of Education Budget on Native Students
The Department of Education's FY Budget includes cuts to k-12 and higher education programs that are critical to Native student success:
- Level funding for Title VI at $164.9 million for the full program, including the non-formula grant and Native language grant programs.
- Title I funding received a very slight increase for inflation at $15.4 billion.
- Title II funding for teacher preparation and professional development was eliminated again in this year's Department of Education Budget, cutting over $2.2 billion in funding that supports the country's educators.
- Over $1.2 billion in cuts to after school programs.
NIEA is also concerned about an "Opportunity Grants" school choice program of over $1 billion was proposed again this year, to "expand existing private school choice programs." Tribal sovereignty and consultation are significant concerns with respect to school choice programs and existing schools.
To see the Department of Education's FY 2019 Budget, please click here.
The Impact of the Proposed Bureau of Indian Education Budget on Native Students
The Administration's proposal with respect to the BIE is even more concerning than the cuts to the Department of Education. Specific cuts include:
A $61 million reduction in construction costs for BIE schools, from $133 million in 2017 to a proposed $72 million. (The administration proposed an alternative funding mechanism for school construction, but it is not focused on BIE schools.) The Administration also did not include funding for school construction in its $20 billion infrastructure proposal released last Friday.
A more than $140 million cut to the BIE's operating funding, including a $20 million cut to the ISEP formula that helps provide critical operations funding for BIE Schools
Elimination of the Johnson O'Malley program in the proposed budget-reducing a historically bipartisan, proven program from the $14 million to $0 if the Administration's proposal were followed.
To see the Department of Interior's budget, please click here.
NIEA's Response
The cuts to BIE are similar to ones we saw from the Administration in 2018 that we defeated. With Congress even more united in support of funding now that a budget deal has been reached, NIEA will be working to achieve similarly results over the coming year to help address the significant need for construction for Native schools, call for the support of Native students, and secure the critical funding necessary to fulfill the federal trust responsibility for Indian education.
NIEA will provide additional analysis of the Budget and infrastructure proposal over the coming week.
In the meantime, if you have questions about the Budget, please email Matt de Ferranti, NIEA's Legislative Director at firstname.lastname@example.com or call him at 202-847-0039.
About The National Indian Education Association (NIEA)
NIEA is the Nation's most inclusive advocacy organization advancing comprehensive culture-based educational opportunities for American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians. Formed by Native educators in 1969 to encourage a national discourse on education, NIEA adheres to the organization's founding principles- to convene educators to explore ways to improve schools and the educational systems serving Native children; to promote the maintenance and continued development of language and cultural programs; and to develop and implement strategies for influencing local, state, and federal policy and decision makers. For more information visit www.niea.org.


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Palaniappan Chidambaram, who presented a dream Budget in March 1997, became a darling of India Inc after he slashed the maximum rate of income tax to 30 per cent, reduced the corporate tax to 35 per cent and cut the average level of tariffs to just a shade over 25 per cent in his second Budget.
Chidambaram, a former Congressman, quit the party with supporters over differences with PV Narasimha Rao and the decision of the Congress to join forces with the Jayalalithaa-led ADMK in 1996. He helped mentor G Moopanar set up the Tamil Maanila Congress.
This outfit, in alliance with a dozen other regional parties, swept the Lok Sabha elections in Tamil Nadu in 1996 and became part of the United Front government.
Chidambaram was a crucial element in drafting the Common Minimum Programme in 1996 and understands the sensitives of the Left, though he has little time for them.
He presented his first Budget in July 1996 drawing from the inputs of the common minimum programme drafted then by the United Front government.
His first Budget was, however, a disappointment, more because a lot was expected from the man who had positioned himself as a champion reformer. It was this Budget that conceived the minimum alternative tax, which stays even today.
A scion of the diversified MA Chidambaram group, Chidambaram chose to practise law rather than join the family business. He was among a crop of young Indians who went to the US (Harvard Business School) to study, but didn't stay back and chose to return to India.
That was not the only act of rebellion. He married a friend and classmate, Nalini, despite opposition from the family because she came from a different caste.
After a stint in the Youth Congress he decided to join public service. As a young lawyer, he boasted an impressive clientele, including the controversial US company Enron.
He was hand-picked by Rajiv Gandhi in 1984 because of his credentials and focused party work. There has been no looking back for the high-profile lawyer since.
He fought the 2004 general elections from Sivaganga and won on a Congress ticket. Dressed in a crisp white veshti and shirt, he took oath on Saturday and swore to do right to all manner of people - on the constitution, not on God..
Chidambaram's dream Budget of March 1997 did away with the corporate surcharge, abolished dividend tax at the hands of shareholders, allowed foreign institutional investors and non-resident Indians to invest up to 30 per cent in Indian companies and, not surprisingly, set the stock markets on fire. As supply side stimuli go, no one could have asked for more. The mood was euphoric.


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Iconic interior pieces by Dutch designers, such as Tejo Remy's "Rag Chair" (1991) or Marcel Wanders' "Knotted Chair" (1995), entered the imagination of many design fair visitors in te '90s, but also became integral partd of important museum collections for their conceptual power, humour and use of materials.
"Switch | Dutch Design on the move 1990-2015" at the TextielMuseum in Tilburg offers the chance to admire these pieces in a wider context since it covers 25 years of Dutch Design. The majority of the designers featured in "Switch" have actually collaborated with the museum on household textiles for the "by TextielMuseum" label.
The event is divided in four sections - "Sustainability", "Craftsmanship & Innovation", "Poetry & Stories" and "Design-based Research" - and includes very different pieces, from textile products and furniture to conceptual installations.
As seen in a previous post about Milan Design Week, sustainability is a key issue in many fields at the moment and rediscovering Remy's "Rag Chair", a structure incorporating recycled textiles, Remy and René Veenhuizen's "Accidental Carpets" made with old blankets reduced in strips forming colourful abstract landscapes, or Atelier NL's "The Yarn Machine", a project focusing on how biodegradable yarn can be manufactured from beans and potatoes, will definitely inspire visitors and design/fashion students to think laterally in their practices and create innovative techniques and products.
"Craftsmanship & Innovation" looks at the research into materials and techniques carried out by many Dutch designers: the pieces included here go from the collaboration between textile designer Christie van der Haak and product designer Piet Hein Eek that resulted in the colourfully joyful modular wooden "Damsel Bench" covered with 25 metres of woven upholstery, to Wanders' "Knotted Chair".
Though made adapting the traditional macramé knotting technique, the chair boasts a high tech connection: created with the faculty of aviation at Delft Technical University, the chair incorporates indeed cords composed of aramid fibers (a strong and lightweight heat-resistant material commonly used in aerospace) twisted around a carbon core.
Hella Jongerius's "Kasese Sheep Chair", a folding chair mainly made from carbon-reinforced plastic, integrates a seat of felted sheep's wool, produced by Claudy Jongstra, a designer who has taken the concept of sustainability and the manufacturing cycle to another level since she mainly works on architectural felt installations with wool produced by her own flock of heritage sheep, using vegetable dyes extracted from her own orchard.
The "Poetry & Stories" section includes designers such as Ineke Hans, Wieki Somers and Kiki van Eijk. The latter's "Kiki Carpet" is characterised by what looks like an enlarged embroidery section and was inspired by the décor of 19th-century dollhouses.
Studio Job's "Labyrinth" carpets feature instead a mesmerising green-and-white maze pattern that the design duo applied to various iconic pieces created by them throughout the years.
The "Design-based Research" area includes works with a clear, conceptual signature. There are actually also smaller pieces in this section such as Studio Makkink & Bey's "Daily Handkerchief" - 30 days of world news articles selected and embroidered on a handkerchief that can be carried around as a memento and an arty piece or can more simply be used as a functional accessory.
A very honourable mention goes to the "The Textured Self" (2011) by bio-artist and designer Sonja Bäumel, a skin-like representation of her body and the bacteria living on it. This hand-knitted and crocheted oversized body silhouette features coloured cotton, nylon and mohair threads forming the structure of the bacteria population living on various zones of her body on a specific day.
In this experiment the artist transformed an invisible microcosm into a visible and slightly disturbingly upsetting fabric that prompts visitors to look at the body as a hybrid and a super organism, while at the same time inviting them to consider the potential and power of textiles.
"Switch | Dutch Design on the move 1990-2015", TextielMuseum, Goirkestraat 96, Tilburg, until 12 March 2017.
Image credits for this post
Exhibition: Switch | Dutch Design on the Move
Photo: Josefina Eikenaar/TextielMuseum
"Rag Chair" by Tejo Remy
Material: Textile, wood, metal; Technique: assemblage
Collection TextielMuseum
Photo: Joep Vogels/TextielMuseum
"Accidental Carpet" by Remy & Veenhuizen/Tanja Smeets
2005 - 2008
Collection TextielMuseum
Photo: Josefina Eikenaar/TextielMuseum
Detail "Accidental Carpet" by Remy & Veenhuizen/Tanja Smeets
2005 - 2008
Collection TextielMuseum
Photo: Josefina Eikenaar/TextielMuseum
"Jufferbank" with fabric Sassandra by Piet Hein Eek / Christie van der Haak
Material: cotton, Trevira CS, oakwood polypropylene, metal; Technique: jacquard woven, carpentry, upholstered
Production: TextielMuseum, Piet Hein Eek
Photo: Joep Vogels/TextielMuseum
"Knotted Chair" by Marcel Wanders
Material: aramide, carbon, epoxy resin; Technique: macramé, fixed
Production: Droog design
Photo: Joep Vogels/TextielMuseum
"TM 003", interior design fabric by Claudy Jongstra
Material: cotton, wool; Technique: woven, felted
Production: Claudy Jongstra, TextielMuseum
Commissioner: TextielMuseum
Collection TextielMuseum
Photo: Joep Vogels/TextielMuseum
"Kiki Carpet special" by Kiki van Eijk
2000/ 2005
Material: wool, latex, metal; Technique: felted, knotted
Production: Danish Carpets
Collection TextielMuseum
Photo: Kiki van Eijk
"Labyrinth" by Studio Job
2007- 2008
Collection TextielMuseum
Photo: Josefina Eikenaar/TextielMuseum
"Daily Handkerchief" by Studio Makkink & Bey
Material: cotton, paper, metal, plastic; Technique: printed, embroidered; Commissioner: Droog design
Collection TextielMuseum
Photo: Josefina Eikenaar/TextielMuseum
"The Textured Self"/"Draft_ Bacteria Mapping" by Sonja Bäumel
Material: nylon, mohair, cotton, abaca /cotton, paper, wood; Technique: braided, knitted / printed, glued
Collection TextielMuseum
Photo: Josefina Eikenaar/TextielMuseum
Detail "The Textured Self" by Sonja Bäumel
Material: nylon, mohair, cotton, abaca; Technique: braided, knitted; Production: Sonja Bäumel, TextielMuseum, Barbara Hrastnik
Commissioner: TextielMuseum
Collection TextielMuseum
Photo: Joep Vogels/TextielMuseum
Member of the Boxxet Network of Blogs, Videos and Photos


text: I am considering having a 360 degree aftermarket camera system installed. However, I will only do so if the outside perimeter of my Tesla can be viewed on the 17' touchscreen. Does anyone know if there is an video input for the monitor so this would be possible? Rydeen RDV360: Parking with the RDV360 - YouTube


text:
Shop Announcement:
Welcome to my shop. Everything I make is a one-off. If something has caught your attention but isn't quite what you had in mind then get in touch to see if I have anything similar not yet out on the shelves or to see if I can make one to your order.
butterfly brooch 1
This delicate butterfly shape measures 19mm by 25mm at its widest points. It is mounted on a 20mm brooch bar which I have soldered to it. The bar fastens with a safety catch.
The scroll work in white, mauve and green is over a blue base which is itself over clear enamel allowing a the copper base to show through, golden brown.
The butterfly is one of a group I have made; there is a picture of the group above.
The brooch is sold boxed, as shown.
UK delivery is by Royal Mail, first class, signed for. European delivery is by international signed for. If you prefer another method of delivery then please contact me.
Shipping & delivery
This item will be posted to you by ThatENAMELGuy within 3 days of receiving payment.
|Shipping destination
|Additional items
|United Kingdom
Italy, Greece, Cyprus, Germany, France, Spain, Finland, Belgium, Portugal, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Austria, Latvia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Isle of Man, Jersey, Guernsey
Returns Policy
You have 14 days, from receipt, to notify the seller if you wish to cancel your order or exchange an item.
Unless faulty, the following types of items are non-refundable: items that are personalised, bespoke or made-to-order to your specific requirements; items which deteriorate quickly (e.g. food), personal items sold with a hygiene seal (cosmetics, underwear) in instances where the seal is broken.


text:
Hilton Ocean City Oceanfront Suites3200 North Baltimore, Ocean City, Maryland, 21842, USA TEL: +1-410-289-6444 FAX: +1-410-520-0617
Rooms & Suites
Our Ocean City, MD suites are designed to provide Guests with the ultimate getaway experience. Explore our suites with breathtaking views of Ocean City and choose the suite that's right for you.
Each oceanfront suite has a separate living room, bedroom, kitchen and bathroom with an oversized hot tub.
Premium Suites include oversized Corner Suites with hot tubs and views of the city and ocean. Terrace Suites have oceanfront decks and private hot tubs. Call 1-866-729-3200 for more information.View All Suites
Accessible Rooms
Enjoy our accessible suites equipped with all of the same great amenities and beautiful views of our standard suites. The corresponding photo may not reflect the specific accessible room type or room feature.View All Accessible Rooms


text:
Reference Desk:
(662) 325-7667
E-mail address: email@example.com
Website: http://www.cfr.msstate.edu/forestp/people/faculty_detail.asp?id=13&persID=494
Dr. Shmulsky earned his B.S. from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the Mississippi Forest P roducts Laboratory. From 200 to 2004 he was an assistant professor of Wood and Paper Science at the University of Minnesota. He actively teaches and conducts research on a variety of aspects of wood science and has worked as a consultant for many firms throughout North America.
Shmulsky, Rubin
Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
Sixth Edition,2011
Collaborators: P. David Jones
The sixth edition of "Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction" offers a fully revised and updated review of the forest products industry. This important text covers the full spectrum of the subject, basing itself in a thorough understanding of the anatomical and physical nature of wood and providing a special emphasis on its use as an industrial raw material. "Forest Products and Wood Science" provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects of wood science and industry, ranging from tree growth and wood anatomy to a variety of economically important wood products.
Shmulsky, Rubin
Publisher: Blackwell
Collaborators: Jim L. Bowyer and John G. Haygreen
Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction, 5th Edition is a completely revised and updated edition of the venerable classic textbook. Expanding and updating key data, the new edition of this text will provide students, wood scientists, and wood product professionals with a comprehensive overview of the anatomical and physical nature of wood and the relationship of these characteristics to its use as an industrial raw material. With updated research findings and expanded discussions of key areas in wood science that reflect the changing face of the forest products industry, Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction, 5th Edition will continue to be an indispensable text for students and professionals in the field.
Shmulsky, Rubin
Publisher: Iowa State Press
Collaborators: Jim L. Bowyer and John G. Haygreen