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by Lawrence A. Greenfeld
Statistician, Bureau of Justice Statistics
*An estimated 18.6% of inmates serving time in State prisons in 1991 for violent crimes, or about 61,000 offenders nationwide, had been convicted of a crime against a victim under age 18.
*1 in 5 violent offenders serving time in a State prison reported having victimized a child.
*More than half the violent crimes committed against children involved victims age 12 or younger.
*7 in 10 offenders with child victims reported that they were imprisoned for a rape or sexual assault.
*Two-thirds of all prisoners convicted of rape or sexual assault had committed their crime against a child.
Characteristics of the offenders
*All but 3% of offenders who committed violent crimes against children were male.
*Offenders who had victimized a child were on average 5 years older than the violent offenders who had committed their crimes against adults. Nearly 25% of child victimizers were age 40 or older, but about 10% of the inmates with adult victims fell in that age range.
*While nearly 70% of those serving time for violent crimes against children were white, whites accounted for 40% of those imprisoned for violent crimes against adults.
*Inmates who victimized children were less likely than other inmates to have a prior criminal record--nearly a third of child-victimizers had never been arrested prior to the current offense, compared to less than 20% of those who victimized adults.
*Violent child-victimizers were substantially more likely than those with adult victims to have been physically or sexually abused when they were children, though the majority of violent offenders, regardless of victim age, did not have a history of such abuse.
*About 14% of child victimizers carried a weapon during the violent crime, compared to nearly half of those who victimized adults.
*About 10% of violent offenders with child victims received life or death sentences and the average prison term was 11 years, somewhat shorter average sentences than received by those with adult victims.
Characteristics of the victims
*3 in 10 child victimizers reported that they had committed their crimes against multiple victims; they were more likely than those who victimized adults to have had multiple victims.
*3 in 4 child victims of violence were female.
*For the vast majority of child-victimizers in State prison, the victim was someone they knew before the crime:
-- A third had committed their crime against their own child.
--About half had a relationship with the victim as a friend, acquaintance, or relative other than offspring.
--About 1 in 7 reported the victim to have been a stranger to them.
*Three-quarters of the violent victimizations of children took place in either the victim's home or the offender's home.
*4 in 10 child victims of violence suffered either a forcible rape or another injury.
Child murder victims
Based on incident-level homicide data collected by the FBI:
*Children under the age of 18 accounted for 11% of all murder victims in the United States in 1994. Nearly half of the 2,660 child victims were between ages 15 and 17. About 1 in 5 child victims were known to be killed by another child.
*Between 1976 and 1994 an estimated 37,000 children were murdered.
*Since the mid-1980's the increases in both the number and the rate of murder among persons age 15 to 17, and particularly among black youth in this age range, have outpaced changes in murder in all other age groups.
*The victim-offender relationship in child murder varies with the age of the victim: In most murders of a young child, a family member killed the child, while in most murders of an older child, age 15 to 17, the perpetrator was an acquaintance to the victim or was unknown to law enforcement authorities. About 1 in 5 child murders were committed by a family member.
*Half of all child murders in 1994 were committed with a handgun; about 7 in 10 victims age 15 to 17 were killed with a handgun.
Violent offenders who committed crimes against children
Nearly two-thirds of rapists and sexual assaulters in State prison committed their crime against a child.
The 1991 Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities revealed that just under half of all prisoners incarcerated in State prisons had been convicted of one or more violent crimes. These violent offenders were asked to describe various characteristics of their victims, including their best estimate of the victim's age at the time of the crime.
*For an estimated 18.6% of violent State prisoners, the most serious crime for which they were serving time had been committed against a child. In 1991 this translated into about 61,000 child victimizers held in confinement by State authorities from among the 328,000 inmates imprisoned for violent crimes.
*Among all State prison inmates sentenced for these crimes, there were--
--15 times as many murderers of adults as murderers of children
--4 1/2 times as many kidnapers with adult victims as kidnapers of children
--1 1/2 times as many forcible rapists with adult victims as with child victims
--nearly 27 times as many robbers with adult victims as robbers with child victims
--13 times as many offenders convicted of aggravated assault of an adult as those who had assaulted a child.
Rape and sexual assault
*Among the victimizers of children, two-thirds had committed a rape or sexual assault. According to the self-reports of violent offenders, nearly 4 in 10 inmates incarcerated for forcible rape and more than 8 out of 10 incarcerated for a forcible sodomy had committed their crimes against a victim who was below age 18.
*An estimated 7.2% of child victimizers in prison had murdered their victims.
Physical assault
*Aggravated assault, child abuse, and simple assault accounted for about 9% of the inmates serving time for crimes against children. Overall, about 1 in 10 State prison inmates convicted of assault had a victim who was a child.
*A conviction offense for the specific offense of child abuse was infrequent among those imprisoned, accounting for about 1 in 500 inmates nationwide and less than 3% of those serving time for crimes against children.
More than half of violent child victimizers had victims age 12 or younger
More than half the inmates with child victims who had been convicted of violence, or about 10% of all violent offenders in State prisons, reported that their victims had been age 12 or younger. An estimated 33,000 offenders were serving time in 1991 for violent crimes committed against these young children--more than 25,000 of these, or 3 out of 4, committed a rape or sexual assault against a young child.
*Certain types of violent crimes were more commonly described by offenders with younger child victims, such as lewd acts with a child (fondling, molestation, or indecent practices) and child abuse, while those with older child victims were more likely to have committed forcible rape or robbery.
*Offense distributions for incarcerated offenders with child victims varied by the age of the victim:
Percent of violent offenders with victims--
Offense Age 12 Ages 13-17 or less
All violent offenses 100.0% 100.0%
Homicide 9.0% 10.3%
Murder 6.8 8.9
Negligent manslaughter 2.2 1.4
Kidnaping 2.0% 3.1%
Rape and sexual assault 75.4% 66.3%
Forcible rape 11.7 18.6
Forcible sodomy 3.1 2.6
Statutory rape 1.8 1.4
Lewd acts with children 21.6 11.8
Other sexual assault 37.2 31.9
Robbery 3.2% 9.6%
Assault 9.7% 10.4%
Aggravated assault 4.9 8.6
Child abuse 4.5 .7
Simple assault .2 1.2
Other violent .7% .3%
Number of inmates 33,287 26,998
*Among inmates with child victims, more than half of those convicted of negligent manslaughter, forcible sodomy, statutory rape, lewd acts with children, other sexual assaults, or assault reported that their victims had been age 12 or younger.
*Those inmates who had attacked children age 12 or younger accounted for almost 90% of State prisoners serving time for child abuse, more than 50% of those convicted of forcible sodomy, 17% of forcible rape offenders, 8% of those incarcerated for kidnaping or abduction, 6% of those serving time for negligent manslaughter, 5% of those convicted of assault, and 3% of all murderers in State prisons.
Criminal history of prisoners who victimized children
About 6 in 10 offenders who victimized children had previously served sentences to probation or incarceration, and 1 in 4 had a prior history of violence
Violent offenders who victimized children reported a less extensive criminal history than those who committed their offenses against victims age 18 or older. Nearly 3 out of 4 violent offenders with adult victims had prior conviction histories with sentences to probation or confinement; a third of adult victimizers had a record of convictions for violence. About 1 in 20 child victimizers, and about 1 in 250 adult victimizers, had prior convictions for offenses specifying a child as victim, such as statutory rape, lewd acts with children, and child abuse.
*Arrest histories reported by the inmates also vary with the age of the victim. About half of those who committed their current offense against a child had been arrested once before or had never been arrested prior to the current offense. By contrast, about a third of those with adult victims had less extensive arrest histories.
*While about 1 in 4 adult victimizers reported an arrest history involving 6 or more arrests prior to the current offense, about 1 in 6 child victimizers had such a lengthy arrest record.
*Offenders with child victims accounted for 18.6% of all violent offenders in prison. Child victimizers composed 28% of those violent offenders with no prior arrests and 22% of those with one prior arrest. By contrast, they accounted for about 12% of those with at least 10 prior arrests.
*Consistent with their less extensive arrest records, 4 out of 10 offenders with child victims were serving time after their first conviction for a crime. Just over a quarter of violent offenders with adult victims were first-timers.
Special sentencing conditions
Violent offenders with a child victim were more likely than violent offenders with an adult victim to have a special sentencing requirement to participate in a sex offender treatment program or in psychiatric or psychological counseling. The judge compelled just over 13% of child victimizers and about 2% of those who had committed a violent crime against an adult to receive treatment. An estimated 29% of those convicted of forcible sodomy of a child were required to be in a sex offender treatment program as a condition of their prison sentence.
Characteristics of offenders who victimized children
Inmates convicted of violence against children were more likely to have been white, to have been married, and to have been older than offenders who victimized adults
The characteristics and backgrounds of inmates who committed their offenses against children differed markedly from those offenders who reported an adult victim. Though both groups of offenders were similar in being composed almost entirely of men, significant contrasts were found in the following:
*Among imprisoned violent offenders, about equal percentages were white (48.0%) or black (48.1%). By contrast, nearly 70% of child victimizers were white, while just over 25% of child victimizers were black.
*White inmates were nearly 3 times more likely than black inmates to have had a child victim. About 27% of all white inmates in State prisons for violent crimes committed their crimes against a child; less than 10% of black inmates serving time for violence had a child victim.
Hispanic origin
*Little difference in the percentages of Hispanic prisoners existed between those serving time for violence against children--11.1% were Hispanic--and those convicted for violence against adults--14.5% were Hispanic. About 1 in every 7 Hispanic inmates imprisoned for a violent crime reported that their victim was under age 18.
Marital status
*Marital status distinguished child victimizers from adult victimizers in the violent State inmate population. Child victimizers were substantially more likely than adult victimizers to have ever been married. Nearly two-thirds of those who reported having committed their crime against a child had married; nearly 6 in 10 adult victimizers had never married.
*The age of victims varied inversely with the age of offenders--inmates who were older at the time of the arrest for the violent crimes for which they had been imprisoned were more likely to have had child victims. At the time of the arrest for the violent crime which brought them to prison, child victimizers were an average 5 years older than those who victimized adults.
*While about 11% of child victimizers were age 50 or older when arrested, about 3% of those who victimized adults were at least 50. Among those who had been arrested at age 24 or younger, about 1 in 8 had victimized a child; among those age 55 or older, nearly 4 in 8 had a child victim.
Offenders serving time for crimes against children were more likely to have grown up in homes with both parents present and to have suffered sexual abuse as a child
*Overall, in terms of the type of family background they had as children, white and black violent offenders differed sharply--56% of the whites and 31% of the blacks grew up in homes with both parents present. The family background of white offenders, who made up three-fourths of those with a child victim, characterized a majority of child victimizers.
*Black victimizers of children had the same family background as black victimizers of adults. White victimizers of children were more likely than white victimizers of adults to have lived with both parents.
Child Adult victimizers victimizers
Primarily grew up with
White Black White Black
Single parent 25% 55% 34% 53%
Both parents 63 30 53 31
Other 12 15 13 16
*Adult and child victimizers did not substantially differ in the percentage who had ever been in an institution or foster home as a child, the percentage who said their parents or guardians had abused drugs or alcohol, and the percentage who reported that an immediate family member, parent, or sibling had ever served time for a crime.
*The majority of violent offenders, regardless of the age of the victim of their imprisonment offense, reported no prior experience as a child or an adult with having been physically or sexually abused.
*Inmates with child victims were more than twice as likely as inmates with adult victims to report having suffered prior instances of physical or sexual abuse. The differences were particularly striking with respect to sexual abuse. While an estimated 22% of child victimizers reported having been sexually abused, less than 6% of adult victimizers reported such backgrounds.
*Among all violent offenders with a history of having been sexually abused, nearly half had child victims. Among all violent offenders with a history of having been physically abused, nearly 30% had child victims. Among violent offenders with no history of physical or sexual abuse, 15.5% had child victims.
*About 95% of child victimizers and 86% of adult victimizers who reported having been abused physically or sexually said that such abuse had occurred while they were children. Among those who suffered physical or sexual abuse before age 18, 36% had child victims; among those who suffered abuse after entering adulthood, 13% had child victims.
*For about 9 out of 10 violent offenders experiencing prior physical or sexual abuse, the abuser was someone they had known. For both inmates with child victims and inmates with adult victims, about half reported that the abuse they suffered was by a parent or guardian. However, child victimizers (13.7%) were about twice as likely as adult victimizers (6.5%) to have suffered parental abuse. The percentage of child victimizers varied according to who had abused them:
Who abused the offenders
Percent of violent offenders with child victims
No abuse 15.5%
Stranger 24.5
Parent/guardian 32.4
Other relative 46.6
Acquaintances 43.1
Violent offenders with child victims reported less involvement than adult victimizers with drugs or alcohol at the time of the crime
About 6 in 10 inmates who committed their violent crime against an adult reported that they had either been drinking alcohol, using drugs, or doing both at the time they committed the offense. About 6 in 10 child victimizers reported that they were using neither drugs nor alcohol at the time of their crime.
*Among violent inmates reporting no use of drugs or alcohol at the time of the crime, 23.8% reported having victimized a child. Among those who reported alcohol use, 17.1% said they had committed their crime against a child. About 10% of drug users and 13% of those using both drugs and alcohol at the time of the crime reported that their victim had been a child. *Nearly 4 in 10 child victimizers reported that they had been drinking at the time of the crime. Among drinkers, about half reported that they had been drinking for 6 hours or more preceding the offense.
Number of hours drinking
Percent of drinking child victimizers
1 hour or less 8.6%
2 hours 12.3
3 hours 10.7
4 hours 11.9
5 hours 7.9
6 or more hours 48.6
*About a third of adult victimizers and a fifth of child victimizers said they were using drugs at the time of the offense. The most commonly reported drugs used by all violent offenders, regardless of victim age, were marijuana and cocaine. About 1 in 71 child victimizers and 1 in 24 adult victimizers said that they had been using crack at the time of the offense.
The median prison sentence imposed for child murder or kidnaping was longer than that for such offenses with an adult victim; for rape and sexual assault, the median was shorter with a child victim
The median sentence for an offender convicted of violence against a child was 132 months or 11 years; when the victim was an adult, the median sentence was 180 months or 15 years. About 10% of violent State prisoners with child victims had sentences to life or death; nearly 19% of violent offenders with adult victims had life or death sentences. The reasons for such differences may stem from a wide variety of contingencies associated with both the offense and the offender.
For example--
the kind of violent offense
whether weapons were used
whether the victim suffered injury
whether the offender had a record.
The sentences reported by State prisoners in 1991 may not represent the sentences imposed in a given year, since those with the longest sentences will accumulate in prison.
*Among offenders who received a sentence to a term of years, when the victim was a child rather than an adult, the median sentence was longer for murder, kidnapping, and negligent manslaughter, shorter for rape and sexual assault, and the same for robbery and assault.
Child Adult
------------ -----------
Murder 360 months 300 months
Kidnapping 288 204
Negligent man- slaughter 180 156
Rape 180 240
Sexual assault 132 185
Robbery 144 144
Assault 120 120
Sentences to life in prison or death
*Offenses which are the most likely to carry a life or death sentence include murder, kidnapping, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. An estimated 83% of child victimizers with life/death sentences and 97% of adult victimizers with life/death sentences had been convicted of these crimes. Factors influencing sentencing
* Other factors which help to account for longer sentences are also more commonly found among violent offenders with adult victims--more extensive offender criminal history, a greater likelihood that weapons, particularly firearms, were used, and a greater likelihood of victim injury.
Characteristics of child victims of violent crimes
Among inmates who committed their violent crime against a child, 3 in 10 reported having victimized more than one child
State prison inmates who reported having committed their crime against a child were more likely to have had multiple victims. Offenders with multiple child-victims were most likely to be serving time for robbery, aggravated assault, negligent manslaughter, or murder.
*Those serving time for the murder or negligent manslaughter of a child were nearly 3 times as likely as offenders convicted of the murder or negligent manslaughter of an adult to report having had multiple victims.
*Those serving time after conviction for forcible rape, sexual assault, robbery, and aggravated assault were all about twice as likely to report having had multiple victims if they described their victims as children.
*About 7% of violent offenders who victimized children reported having had 4 or more child victims. Based on the estimated number of victims reported by the State inmates in 1991, the more than 60,000 violent offenders who had child victims may have had as many as 95,000 victims.
*While about 7 in 10 offenders reported having victimized one child, less than half of the child victims are accounted for by single-victim incidents. From the ages described by offenders who had multiple victims, it is possible to estimate that 57% of all child victims of violent state prisoners were age 12 or younger.
Three out of four child victims of violent offenders were female and nearly a third were the offender's own child or stepchild
Inmates convicted of violent crimes against children described a wide variety of characteristics of their victims. Because most inmate descriptions of characteristics of victims in single victim incidents do not differ greatly from the characteristics of those in multiple victim incidents, this section focuses upon describing child victims utilizing the 70% of offenders who had one victim.
*Among violent offenders who victimized children, the vast majority (75%) reported the victim had been a female.
*These child victims, like the inmates who described them, were more likely to have been white than the adult victims of violent offenders. Overall, for nearly 9 out of 10 child victims, the offender was of the same race.
Offender race/ Percent of child
victim race victimizations
White/white 65.9%
Black/black 21.5
All other combinations 12.7
*Just over half the imprisoned violent offenders reported that their victim had been age 12 or younger.
*An estimated 86% of child victimizers reported that a prior relationship existed with the victim. About 14% of those serving time in State prisons for violent crimes against children had committed their crime against a stranger.
*More than 40% of offenders with child victims said the victim had been a relative or member of their immediate family. For 3 out of 4 of these offenders, and about a third of child victimizers overall, the victim was their own child or a stepchild.
Less than 10% of inmates serving time for the rape or sexual assault of a child reported that the victim had been a stranger to them
The victim-offender relationship is a major factor distinguishing adult victims of violence from child victims. Among offenders serving time for violence, adult victimizers are substantially less likely to have had a prior relationship with their victim than is true for those who committed their crimes against children.
*Among robbers and kidnapers who reported having victims younger than 18, more than half reported the victim to be a stranger. Crimes involving sexual assault and rape were the least likely crimes, as reported by the offenders, to involve strangers. About a third of child-murderers serving time in State prison reported that the victim had been their own child or another relative.
*A victim who had been an acquaintance of the inmate accounted for nearly 4 out of 10 child victims of violence. Crimes involving rape and sexual assault accounted for 81% of those serving time for crimes against acquaintances who were children. By type of victim-offender relationship, the offense distribution of child victimizers was.
Stranger - Own Other
Acquaintance - child family
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Murder 13.6 6.8 5.0 5.7
Rape 13.5 6.0 18.8 13.3
Sexual assault 38.6 64.7 61.5 73.7
Robbery 7.2 1.1 0.5 1.1
Assault 12.8 8.5 11.1 3.9
All other 14.3 2.9 3.1 2.3
*Compared to violent offenders with adult victims, child victimizers in prison were 6 times as likely to have had a victim who was a relative--43% versus 7%. Conversely, adult victimizers were nearly 4 times more likely than child victimizers to have had a victim who was a stranger to them--55% versus 15%.
*The offense backgrounds of child victimizers varied with the victim-offender relationship. More than two-thirds of offenders who were strangers to their victims reported having a prior conviction record and nearly a third of those who committed violent crimes against children who were strangers said that they had a prior history of violence.
Stranger Family
Acquaintance intimate
-------- -------- -------
Total , 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
First-timer 32.7 47.4 37.5
Recidivist 67.3 52.6 62.5
No prior violence 35.7 35.9 36.0
Prior violence 31.6 16.8 26.6
Child victim* 6.0 3.1 5.5
*Prisoners reported prior convictions for lewd acts with children, child abuse, or statutory rape.
Characteristics of violent crimes with child victims
Child victimizers in prison were much more likely than violent offenders against adults to have committed the crime in their own home or the victim's home
The environment in which victims and offenders come together varies widely with the age of the victim. More than three-quarters of the violent victimizations of children, as reported by State prisoners, took place in either the victim's home (41%) or the offender's home (35%. By contrast, about 40% of violent crimes against adults were reported to have taken place in either of these two locations.
*Crimes involving the sexual assault of a child were about equally likely to have taken place in the victim's home or in the offender's home.
*Half of the offenders serving time for negligent manslaughter of a child reported that the offense took place in a public place such as a street or park. More than half of the child abuse offenders said that the offense took place in their own home.
More than 8 in 10 violent crimes against children that offenders reported took place in their own homes were forcible rapes or sexual assaults. The offense distribution of crimes against children, by the location in which the crime took place, was as follows:
Victim's Offender's Public place
Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Murder 9.2 3.6 15.5
Negligent manslaughter .7 1.1 8.0
Rape 15.7 15.6 12.6
Sexual assault 58.7 68.4 35.1
Robbery 4 .9 1.6 6.6
Assault 8.0 8.4 18.8
Other crimes 2.8 1.3 3.4
One in seven violent offenders whose victim was a child reported using a weapon, most often a firearm, during the crime
Most violent inmates, whether their victims were adults or children, reported that they were not carrying a weapon during the crime. However, adult victims of imprisoned violent offenders were substantially more likely to have faced an offender armed with a weapon such as a handgun or knife.
*About a third of those who victimized children and carried a weapon reported that the weapon had been a knife; about a quarter of armed offenders who attacked an adult used a knife.
*Nearly 9% of child victimizers said they had carried a firearm during the crime and, for most, the firearm was a handgun--about 1 in 16 violent offenders with a child victim carried a handgun during the crime. By comparison, a third of those who victimized adults carried a firearm during the crime, about a fourth of adult victimizers reported carrying a handgun.
*For 72% of armed child victimizers and 78% of armed adult victimizers the firearm was a handgun.
*About half of both adult and child victimizers carrying a firearm reported that they discharged the firearm during the crime.
*While adult murderers were about twice as likely as child murderers to have carried a firearm during the crime, offenders convicted of kidnapping or aggravated assault were equally likely to report possession of a firearm during the crime, regardless of the victim's age.
More than 40% of child victims of incarcerated violent offenders suffered forcible rape, injury, or death as a result of the crime
*An estimated 2 in 3 adult victims of violent offenders were raped or otherwise injured, compared to 2 in 5 child victims.
*About 1 in 7 child victimizers reported that the victim died as a consequence of the violent crime; violent offenders with adult victims were substantially more likely to report the death of a victim.
*For every offense, adult victims were more likely than child victims to have been injured. The largest disparity was for sexual assault where child victims were about half as likely as adult victims to have suffered some type of injury (19% versus 40%).
*About 14% of offenders serving time after conviction for a sexual assault involving a child (excluding forcible and statutory rape), reported that the victim was raped. Nearly two-thirds (63.4%) of offenders imprisoned for aggravated assault, where the victim had been a child, reported that the child had been injured: 18.8% of the child victims had been shot, 8.8% stabbed, 8.6% had been raped, 6.6% had broken bones or teeth or had been knocked unconscious, and 7.2% had bruises. The remainder suffered other unspecified injuries.
Child murder: Victims and offender
The number of child murders has been growing since the mid-1980's, with the increases concentrated in the age group 15 to 17
Over the nearly two decades from 1976 to 1994, the number of children murdered reached its lowest point in 1984, when 1,463 young people under the age of 18 became victims, and peaked in 1993, when the number of child murders reached 2,841. Data from the mid-1980's through the first half of the 1990's illustrate a surge in child murder--a 94% increase from the low to the peak. Between 1993 and 1994 the number of child murder victims dropped 6.4%, the first decrease in a decade but a larger number of deaths than in any year preceding 1993. The increases observed over the last 10 years in the number of child murders are largely found among youth age 15 to 17 and are present for both whiteand black youth. The number of white murder victims age 15 to 17 climbed from a low of 287 in 1984 to 579 in 1993, more than doubling in the 9-year span. Between 1984 and 1993 the number of black murder victims age 15 to 17 increased from 245 nationwide to 855, a 249% increase over the 9 years.
*The FBI's Supplementary Homicide Reports (SHR), which gather data on each murder in the Nation, can be used to estimate that there were 405,089 victims of murder between 1976 and 1994. Of these, 36,951, or 9.1%, were children under age 18. Between 1976 and 1994 a total of 18,868 white children and 16,960 black children were victims of murder.
*Half of the black children murdered were age 15 to 17, compared to about 40% of the white children:
Child victims
Age of murder victim White Black
Less than 1 year 14.2% 10.7%
1-4 years 20.5 18.8
5-14 years 24.1 19.0
15-17 years 41.2 51.5
Total number 18,868 16,960
*From 1976 to 1994 the percentages of white and black victims varied by age, with black youth accounting for a larger share of victims age 15 to 17 than white youth:
Age of murder victim Number White Black
All ages 36,951 51.1% 45.9%
Less than 1 year 4,670 57.5 38.9
1-4 years 7,283 53.1 43.8
5-14 years 8,045 56.4 40.1
15-17 years 16,954 45.9 51.4
*Percentages of children of other or unknown race, included in the number, are not shown separately.
*In 1984 black victims accounted for 45% of the murder victims age 15 to 17 (546 victims of all races); by 1994 there were 1,413 murders of persons age 15 to 17, and black youth accounted for 58% of the total. By comparison, in 1984 black youth accounted for 14.8% of the nearly 11 million children age 15 to 17 in the resident population, and in 1994 they accounted for 15.6% of the 10.7 million persons in this age group in the resident population. In 1984 among U.S. residents age 15 to 17, there were 5 murders for every 100,000 residents in this age range; the rate was 3.2 per 100,000 white youth and 12.4 per 100,000 black youth. By 1994 the per capita murder rate for 15-to-17 year olds more than doubled to 13.2 per 100,000. The rate for white youth in 1994 was 6.3 per 100,000, about twice what it had been in 1984, and the rate for black youth was 49.3, quadruple the rate a decade earlier.
*The victim-offender relationship in murders of children varies substantially depending upon the victim's age. In 1994 over 70% of the murders of infants were carried out by a family member. By contrast, among victims age 15 to 17, family members accounted for 3% of the murders.
*Data for the period from 1976 to 1994 indicate that in family murder of a child about 10% of victims were age 15 to 17, while in murders by strangers about 67% of victims were in this age category.
*Acquaintances were the largest source of child murderers, accounting for 35% of all murders of children after 1976: only in 1982 and 1983 did the number of child murders by a family member exceed the number of murders by an acquaintance.
*Murders committed by a family member accounted for a declining share of child murders after the mid-1980's.
*In 1994, among murders in which the age of the offender was known, almost half the murderers of children were between ages 20 and 39.
*After 1976 the percentage of child murders committed by other children remained relatively stable; however, the percentage of child murders in which the offender was unknown grew from about 20% of murders in 1976 to about the same level in 1994 as in 1979 and 1980--just under 30%.
*The types of weapons used in child murders varies with the age of the victim. While almost two-thirds of infant murder victims were beaten to death by an offender using hands, feet, or a blunt object, about 3% of those age 15 to 17 were killed in this fashion. Over three-quarters of the oldest child murder victims were killed by a firearm. By 1994 handguns accounted for nearly 48% of all murders of children, a sharp increase after the mid-1980's when less than 30% of child murders were by a handgun.
Younger offenders are increasingly involved in the murders of children who are strangers to them, of children age 15-17, and of children killed with a handgun
Between 1976 and 1994, the average age of those who murdered children who were strangers to them declined from a high of 27 years in 1977 to 21 years in 1994. The average age of murderers of children age 15 to 17 declined from just over age 24 to age 20 during the same period. The average ages of murderers of children who were family members or acquaintances remained relatively stable over the period:
Relationship to Average age of
child victim offenders, 1976-94
Family members 26-27
Acquaintances 21-23
The average ages of murderers of children younger than 15 were substantially unchanged from 1976 to 1994:
Age group Average age of offenders, of
child victim 1976-94
Younger than 23-25
1-4 24-26
5-14 25-27
In 1994 States varied substantially in the number of child murders per capita
Three States, North Dakota (1 adult murder victim), Vermont (6 adult murder victims), and Wyoming (16 adult murder victims) reported no murders of children during 1994. Based on those jurisdictions reporting in 1994 and excluding the wholly urban District of Columbia, the highest per capita rates of child murder occurred in Illinois (6.5 murders per 100,000 children under age 18), California (5.5 murders per 100,000), and Louisiana (5.3 per 100,000). These States accounted for 19% of all children living in the reporting States in 1994 but nearly 30% of the child murder victims that year.
*Between 1976 and 1994 an estimated 405,089 murders occurred in the United States. Of these, an estimated 36,951 had been murders of children below age 18. Over the 19 years for which the FBI collected Supplementary Homicide Reports, about 92% of all murders resulted in the submission of a report--34,005 reports for child victims and 338,885 reports for victims who were adults or of unknown age.
*The national estimate that 36,951 children were murdered over the period from 1976 to 1994 translates into an average of about 1,945 child murder victims per year or about 5 per day in the United States. The number of murders in 1994 translates into an average of about 7 victims per day.


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9:00 am
Super Why! "Cinderella" Red doesn't feel like much of a Princess, so how will she fit in at Sleeping Beauty's princess party? The Super Readers magically leap into the book of Cinderella who has a party of her own to get to! When the clock strikes midnight, Red learns that she doesn't need the help of a fairy godmother to feel great about who she is!G
9:30 am
Dinosaur Train "Dinosaurs in the Snow/Cretaceous Conifers" Dinosaurs in the Snow - Buddy and his Pteranodon family ride the Dinosaur Train to the North Pole - where it's cooler out and the skies are dark all winter long! The kids get to play in the snow and slide on a frozen pond for the first time. Cretaceous Conifers - The whole Pteranodon family have fun celebrating Mom's favorite holiday, Winter Solstice. They learn about large conifer (evergreen) trees and help decorate them at a holiday party. D
10:00 am
Sesame Street "Afraid of the Bark" Elmo and Zoe are playing a game with Zoe's pet rock, Rocco. When it's Elmo's turn to roll Rocco, he rolls him all the way to Barkley the dog, who picks him up and plays with him in his mouth. Bob gives Rocco back to Zoe and explains that Barkley just thought they were playing fetch. D
11:00 am
Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood "A Trip To The Enchanted Garden/A Trip To The Crayon Factory" A Trip to the Enchanted Garden - The Tiger family is making strawberry pancakes for breakfast this morning, but when Mom looks more closely in the kitchen, she realizes there are no more strawberries left. They all head to the Enchanted Garden, where Mom Tiger shows Daniel the strawberry patch. Daniel is very curious, and learns that if he looks closely, he may be able to answer his own questions about how strawberries grow and learn something new. D
11:30 am
Sid The Science Kid "Hello, Doggie!" When Sid hears dogs barking in his neighborhood, he wonders if they're talking to him. At school, Sid discovers that animals do communicate in lots of different ways, like using body language, making sounds, and barking!. D
12:00 pm
WordWorld "Robots to the Rescue!/Radio Read-A-Thon" Robots to the Rescue! - When Frog discovers that you can make a word "more than one" by adding the letter S to the end of it, he becomes a mad scientist of sorts, making more and more of everything! Frog learns that while having a lot of stuff might seem like a good idea, too much of anything soon leads to chaos. Frog fortunately has a robot who likes to clean up! Build a Word: ROBOTS. Radio Read-a-thon - Duck asks Frog to read his favorite book on Ant's radio station because he can't read it himself. D
12:30 pm
Caillou "Just for Laughs" Caillou's clowning around today and having a wonderful time. Seeing Bravo the magician at a friend's birthday party inspires Caillou to become Caillou the Great and put on a magic show of his own. He plays the clown for a wary Rosie, who's afraid of clowns until Caillou shows her they're just people wearing silly costumes. D
1:00 pm
Barney & Friends "Bop 'til You Drop and the Sleepless Sleepover" Bop 'til You Drop: The park is especially full of kids today, but all of them are busy playing. Baby Bop can't find anyone to play what she wants to play. When the others notice she is sad, they tell her they will play whatever she suggests. D
1:30 pm
Thomas & Friends "Safe and Sound" Henry's Health & Safety - Victor explains the meaning of Health and Safety to Henry while he is visiting the Steam Works. Henry is so concerned about safety on Sodor that he keeps changing things that are already safe. He takes Rocky to move telegraph poles from the tracks which are safely there to be collected by Percy. D
2:00 pm
Curious George "We Otter Be Friends/Sir George and the Dragon" We Otter Be Friends - After an otter swims away with Mr. Quint's boat keys, a stranded George tries everything he can to retrieve them. But the otter is a faster swimmer, a quicker runner, and a better hider than George. Can George out-otter the otter and get the keys back? Sir George and the Dragon - George is starring in his first play. D
2:30 pm
Martha Speaks "Billy Collins Speaks/Milo's Reading Buddy" Billy Collins Speaks - Billy Collins writes great poems about dogs, and Martha thinks she knows why. Obviously, the former poet laureate must be a canine himself! When Martha meets Billy Collins she's in for a few surprises.as is he. D
3:00 pm
The Electric Company "Shrink, Shrank, Shrunk!" Manny has borrowed the Skeleckian Shrinkanator 3002, an invention with the power to shrink anything down to a very small size. When Marcus and Jessica accidentally get shrunk, The Electric Company has to get the Shrinkinator back from Manny to get them back to normal size! This becomes even more difficult when Manny shrinks himself and is nowhere to be found. D
3:30 pm
WordGirl "Wishful Thinking/Lady Redundant Woman Gets The Blues" Wishful Thinking - Seymour Orlando Smooth is hoodwinking the audience members of his new show "Wishful Thinking." When he tricks Violet and TJ into giving him their money, Becky has had enough. She teams up with TJ to bring Smooth down and save the whole city from being tricked. D
4:00 pm
Wild Kratts "Polar Bears Don't Dance" While in the Arctic, Martin and Chris are on a mission to discover how animals move around in different environments. Their new knowledge comes in handy when they discover that Zach Varmitech has kidnapped a Walrus calf and a Polar bear cub. The Wild Kratts team must do what it takes to return the baby animals to their mothers. D
4:30 pm
Cyberchase "On The Line" When Digit heads off alone to dispose of the powerful Network Interface Card (NIC), calamity strikes. A sinister cyvulture steals the NIC right out from under Digit's beak and gives it to Hacker! At a secret location on the Northern Frontier, Hacker uses the NIC to power up his dastardly Transformatron and transforms himself so he can slip into Control Central and replace Motherboard. To find the Transformatron and reverse its power, the CyberSquad must discover how an object can be pinpointed using two straight lines - before Hacker takes over Cyberspace forever!. D
5:00 pm
Fetch! With Ruff Ruffman "Is It A Bird? Is It A Plane? It's.... Ruffmanman!" Ruff's nephew Glen has learned that a mysterious villain, Gamma Ray Person, is trying to harness the electromagnetic spectrum for evil. He forces Ruff into a mask and tights to become television's newest superhero. Ruffman Man! Will Ruff and his SuperFETCHers be able to stop Gamma Ray Person from destroying the world? And will Ruff be able to keep his tights from falling down?. D
5:30 pm
5:56 pm
NewsHour Promo NULL
6:00 pm
PBS NewsHour NULL
7:00 pm
7:30 pm
Need to Know SCOTT SIMON ANCHORS. Need to Know examines how the Texas legislature has slashed funding to reproductive planning programs because conservative lawmakers believe they encourage abortions. Anchor Scott Simon interviews Pam Belluck, a health and science writer for The New York Times, who looks at what's happening to these programs in other states. D
8:00 pm
Dialogue "Bob Kustra" Marcia Franklin talks with Dr. Bob Kustra, the president of Boise State University, about his past decade as head of that institution, his vision for the school, and trends in higher education across the country.G
8:30 pm
Reggie Perrin Reggie becomes the boss at Groomtech and, armed with the freedom to do as he wishes, decides to have some fun by introducing a new kind of product to the company. Meanwhile, his neglected wife Nicola enjoys the attentions of her new neighbor.G
9:00 pm
Jazz Icons This special highlights performances culled from the critically acclaimed series of the same name of classic concerts and studio sessions that took place in Europe between 1957 and 1978. The performances showcased here feature jazz legends who include Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Ella Fitzgerald, Dizzy Gillespie, Dave Brubeck, John Coltrane, Sarah Vaughan, Lionel Hampton, Wes Montgomery, Anita O'Day, Rhassan Roland Kirk, Buddy Rich and Thelonious Monk.G
10:00 pm
Les Paul: Live In New York City In 2005 at the Iridium Jazz Club, a raucous and unadorned Les Paul works the nocturnal chaos in the subterranean joint like the vaudevillian the late guitarist was at heart. Paul, with his trio, is joined by Steve Miller, Keith Richards, Jose Feliciano, Dave Grisman, Sonya Hensley and others in a series of duets.G
11:00 pm
Charlie Rose NULL

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Benevent Treasure
Wentworth, Patricia
AbeBooks Seller Since November 5, 1999Quantity Available: 1
AbeBooks Seller Since November 5, 1999Quantity Available: 1
About this Item
Bibliographic Details
Title: The Benevent Treasure
Publisher: Lippincott, Philadelphia
Publication Date: 1954
Edition: First Edition.
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text:
Oh you're going to like this--in fact, I've received quite a bit of grief from those who shall not be named for giving this away. Apparently I've been in possession of the World's Coolest Phone and me offering it as a giveaway item doesn't sit well with the rabble around here.
I've had quite a few electronics items lately--probably because of the approaching Father's Day--but this one is definitely fun. The Calisto Pro Series Home Phone System is made to allow you the freedom of switching between your land line and VoIP calls (Voice Over Internet Provider--such as through Skype or Vonage that go through your internet lines).
There's a little handset that charges directly in the cradle and the Bluetooth headset that allows you to take calls with your hands free up to 300 feet from the main phone set. That means that when I'm doing my regular Friday cleaning and call my sister to chat through the boredom of mopping now I can do it with my hands free and without a crick in my neck. Brilliant.
And while there are several phone systems that allow you hands-free conversation, with the Calisto Pro series you can also run the phone line through the USB port in your computer, unload the software disc then answer calls over Skype with the push of a button. That's cool. I talk to my parents in India regularly via Skype and having my hands free and not being stuck to the computer terminal is a terrific thing.
As an added feature (which I haven't tried) it says you can take the headset with you to use as a Bluetooth for your regular mobile phone as well. Completely interchangeable once you've configured it to your mobile device.
The basic set up is easy enough, you'd think there would a huge manual that comes with this thing but the instruction manual is pretty small and it's not hard to put it all together. There are diagrams to show how to hook it up through your computer and the sound quality is good, it's just a quick little button push and you can switch between lines, put someone on hold or switch back to an original call. Not bad.
So I'm offering this phone system to a lucky winner here this weekend and if you'd like your chance at it simply follow the directions below.
Here's how to win:
Before 12 am Monday go to the giveaway entry form on this page and enter your name and email. I will pick one of the names at random, contact the winner via their email and publish the winner's first name and home town in next Tuesday's post. See the bottom of the entry form for more details.
I'm sorry but this giveaway is only open to those with a U.S. address.
Andrew and I went for an early show of Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull yesterday and--if you haven't already suspected as much--it's not as good as the original Raiders of the Lost Ark or Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade BUT it's probably better than the Temple of Doom. Probably. Yes it's cheesy but they're all cheesy and I kind of like that. Yes Harrison Ford looks old but he's still looking good and has a nice presence. Yes it's predictable but it's not bad.
It's a little long and I'm a little tired of the treasure hunt movies--Raiders was the original and the best but after National Treasure and the rest I'm thinking that it's all been done to death and it's time to retire the genre. Sorry Mr. Lucas.
A few too many crunching, sliding doors of stone and floors disappearing beneath people's feet and cobweb-infested caverns. I've seen it all before and it really didn't add much new to the scene but I kind of liked Shia LaBoeuf in the cast and the motorcycle chase scene is good.
I'd give it a C--it could have been better but it could have been worse.
BUT . . . if you're looking for a good video rental I'd definitely recommend The Martian Child. My sister made a DVD copy for me months ago and I finally got around to watching this sweet drama with John and Joan Cusack about a widower who adopts a quirky kid who thinks he's from Mars. It's warm and sweet and funny and squeaky clean (though just a tad long)--the little boy is pretty cute. An A from me and the gang.
Technorati tags: product reviews, giveaways, telephones, telecommunications


text:
12:00 am
BBC World News NULL
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NHK Newsline NULL
1:00 am
Nature "The Animal House" From termites' towering metropolises to prairie dogs' underground cities complete with heating, cooling and intersecting highways, NATURE goes above ground and underground on this tour of the homelife of wildlife. Guided by instinct, animal architects have developed some of the most innovative and practical dwellings in the world.G
2:00 am
Alan Alda in Scientific American Frontiers "Hidden Motives" Alda visits scientists who study why people do the things they do, exploring how the unconscious determines behavior.G
2:30 am
Alan Alda in Scientific American Frontiers "The Secret Canyon" Alda follows experts investigating a little known canyon in the United States that includes well-preserved 1,000-year-old remains.G
3:00 am
NASA Sci Files "The Case of the Disappearing Dirt" Summer fun suffers a setback when the tree house detectives discover that their favorite spot on the beach is shrinking. It is "match, set, point" as the detectives dig in and learn all about erosion, rocks and natural preservation.G
4:00 am
Mechanical Universe And Beyond, The "Conservation of Momentum" What keeps the universe ticking away until the end of time?. D
4:30 am
Democracy In America "Media: Inside Story" This program explores the media as an integral part of American democracy, highlighting the scrutiny they impose on the performance of public officials, the interdependence of politics and the media, and the power the media wields in selecting the news. D
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Connect with English "Thanksgiving/Starting Over" Rebecca and Kevin enjoy a traditional Thanksgiving celebration with Uncle Brendan's family and Rebecca returns to San Francisco.G
6:00 am
Power Yoga: Mind and Body "Twists/Spine" With Marichyasana C, Crescent / Anjanyasana, Jathara Parivartanasana, and others. D
6:30 am
Clifford The Big Red Dog "Fluffed Up Cleo/Team Spirit" Fluffed Up Cleo - When Cleo wins the esteemed honor of Fluffiest Dog of Birdwell Island, it's all she can talk about! Clifford and T-Bone bear with the new star, but it takes a lot of patience. When Cleo gets a dose of her own medicine from Mac, she learns that bragging all of the time can be boring - it's okay to be proud of an accomplishment, but be careful to be respectful of others. Team Spirit - After Jetta tells Vaz that his poor soccer skills are holding back their team, Vaz tries to sit out the rest of the game. D
7:00 am
Arthur "Desk Wars/Desperately Seeking Stanley" Desk Wars - It's the hottest school day of the year, and tempers are even hotter. To keep the peace, Mr. Ratburn moves Brain and Arthur away from their usual desks . and sets off a chain reaction resulting in the most explosive desk war in third grade history! Desperately Seeking Stanley - On his third birthday, Arthur's favoritepresent was Stanley, his teddy bear. D
7:30 am
Martha Speaks "Here's Martha!/Dog Fight" Here's Martha! - Martha hosts a TV show where she helps people understand their animals better by explaining what they're saying. Dog Fight - Martha and Skits don't want to share their newest, coolest dog toy.G
8:00 am
Curious George "Up, Up and Away/Skunked" George learns that it takes a tether, a basket and hot air for a balloon to successfully lift-off.G
8:30 am
Cat in the Hat Knows A Lot About That! "Stripy Safari/Wool" Stripy Safari - Nick and Sally set off on a safari with The Cat in the Hat to find all kinds of stripes. Along the way, Sally and Nick discover that stripes mean different things to different animals - the stripes of Jake the coral snake tells other animals to stay away, and Zelda and Zoran's zebra stripes help them to identify each other. And best of all, Cat discovers that his stripes are just right for him! Wool - Nick wants to learn how to knit a scarf like Sally, but they've run out of wool! A visit to Finola's Farm is the perfect place to get more. D
9:00 am
Dinosaur Train: Dinosaurs A to Z While riding the Dinosaur Train with Buddy and Mom, Tiny gets the idea to gather all the dinosaurs in the "Dinosaurs A to Z" song for a picnic at Troodon Town. The Conductor agrees, and as the Train starts picking up dinosaurs, Tiny, Buddy, Shiny and Don help keep track of how many of the different species have come on board. They learn about classification and organize the dinosaurs by their species, features, and size. D
10:00 am
Sesame Street "The A Team" Abby, Elmo, and Telly are in the arbor when Big A comes in looking for members to join the A Team. The A Team helps people by solving problems using letter A words, such as "arrow" and "anchor." Abby, Elmo, and Telly join the team and proudly wear the letter A on their chests. D
11:00 am
Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood "Prince Wednesday Goes to the Potty/Daniel Goes To The Potty" Prince Wednesday Goes to the Potty - Prince Wednesday is in the block corner at school building the "tallest tower in the world!" Even though he needs to go to the bathroom, he doesn't want to stop what he is doing. He learns how important it is to stop and go right away. Daniel Goes to the Potty - Dad's trumpet is broken, so he takes Daniel along to Music Man Stan's Shop to get it fixed. D
11:30 am
Sid The Science Kid "That's The Way The Ball Bounces" Sid created a new sport called Play-Doh Ball! You just jump in the air, spin around and bounce the ball. When Sid attempts to play his new game, he bounces the Play-Doh ball and it promptly splats on the ground! At school, Sid and his friends investigate and discover that if a ball doesn't have enough elasticity, it won't bounce! (Educational objective - Elasticity). D
12:00 pm
WordWorld "Dancing Dog/Pig's Big Moonlight Feast" Dancing Dog - It's the day of the Word World Concert and no one is more excited than Dog - he loves music. Unfortunately, he can't play an instrument. With the help of his good friend Bear, Dog discovers that anyone can make music! Pig's Big Moonlight Feast - When Pig is too sick to cook the Moonlight Feast, his friends step in, but they find that if you don't follow the recipe you may end up "in the soup. D
12:30 pm
Caillou "All Kinds of Weather" Rain, sleet, sun, and snow: Caillou is amazed by all the ways that weather changes. He's nearly in a state during a thunderstorm until Dad explains what thunder is (and how to tell it's going away). Caillou also makes the best of a rainy day by splashing in puddles. D
1:00 pm
Barney & Friends "Dream Big and That's What A Mommy Is" Dream Big: As he watches birds fly overhead, Riff begins to daydream of flying. He decides to build his very own rocket ship and fly to Mars. The flight is not exactly a success, but Barney encourages him to never give up on his dream. D
1:30 pm
Thomas & Friends "Wild Weather" It's a rainy day on the Island of Sodor. Big puddles are everywhere. Thomas decides to have a game of splashing puddles with Rosie. D
2:00 pm
Curious George "Up, Up and Away/Skunked" George learns that it takes a tether, a basket and hot air for a balloon to successfully lift-off.G
2:30 pm
Martha Speaks "Here's Martha!/Dog Fight" Here's Martha! - Martha hosts a TV show where she helps people understand their animals better by explaining what they're saying. Dog Fight - Martha and Skits don't want to share their newest, coolest dog toy.G
3:00 pm
The Electric Company "Wiki Wiki Walter" Hector challenges Manny to find a beatboxer better than Shock. Shock panics! After his last beatboxing competition with his best friend WikiWiki Walter, their friendship was ruined! When Manny finds a competitor who turns out to be Shock's old beatboxing pal, Wiki, and with Doug E. Fresh as the beatboxing judge, the competition gets a little more interesting. D
3:30 pm
WordGirl "The Pretty Princess and Mr. Big Power Hour/Clean Up in Aisle Eleven" The Pretty Princess and Mr. Big Power Hour - WordGirl's wildest dream has come true: she's part of an episode of Pretty Princess. It seems like the perfect situation until we realize the villainous Mr. Big is behind this scheme. WordGirl must escape the grips of Mr. Big's remote control in order to save the city. D
4:00 pm
Wild Kratts "Koala Balloon" Martin and Chris must protect a young koala stranded in the Australian Outback, and help him get back to his Eucalyptus forest habitat. On their quest to return the adorable animal home, the brothers discover lots of interesting facts about how animals are specialized to their own environment, and with some tips from an intrepid desert dweller called the thorny devil, they must survive the desert crossing and bring the koala home. D
4:30 pm
Cyberchase "On The Line" When Digit heads off alone to dispose of the powerful Network Interface Card (NIC), calamity strikes. A sinister cyvulture steals the NIC right out from under Digit's beak and gives it to Hacker! At a secret location on the Northern Frontier, Hacker uses the NIC to power up his dastardly Transformatron and transforms himself so he can slip into Control Central and replace Motherboard. To find the Transformatron and reverse its power, the CyberSquad must discover how an object can be pinpointed using two straight lines - before Hacker takes over Cyberspace forever!. D
5:00 pm
Fetch! With Ruff Ruffman "The Dogvinci Code" Ruff's Uncle MacRuffmantosh is back, and there's no time to waste - a new mystery must be solved and the FETCHers are on the case!. D
5:30 pm
Nightly Business Report Retail and auto sales hold steady, but that's not adding much clarity for the holiday shopping season to come. NBR's Erika Miller and Ruben Ramirez break down the numbers. Four years after the credit crunch JPMorgan gets hit with a fraud lawsuit over behavior in its Bear Stearns unit. D
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PBS NewsHour NULL
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Joanna Lumley's Nile Joanna follows the Nile into the deserts of northern Sudan where she meets a survivor of a crocodile attack before going in search of the legendary beast herself. In Karima, she learns about the treasures of Nubia, a legendary ancient kingdom ruled by the little-known black pharaohs. She meets a family of nomads on her way to Khartoum. Part 2 of 4G
8:00 pm
History Detectives A Missouri woman, while writing a book about her late brother who was killed in Vietnam, became friends with one of her brother's battalion-mates. The man said he had a diary found on the chest of a dead North Vietnamese after a battle and would like it retuned to the soldier's family. The woman contacted HISTORY DETECTIVES and Wes Cowan with a research team worked for months on the puzzle. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta also became involved.G
9:00 pm
Half The Sky: Turning Oppression Into Opportunity for Women Worldwide Diane Lane and Nicholas Kristof are in Somaliland, where one in 12 women dies in childbirth. They meet with the founder of the country's first maternal health facility and visit villages where hospital-trained midwives work. America Ferrera and Kristof visit India's Kaighat red-light district where a woman and her shelter program working to break the tradition of forced prostitution passed from mother to daughter. Olivia Wilde joins Kristof in Kenya to see how women entrepreneurs are changing their lives and their communities through micro-financing. Part 2 of 2G
11:00 pm
Charlie Rose NULL


text:
Create an EasyChair Account: Step 1
To use EasyChair, one should first create an account. The procedure for creating an account is the following.
- You should type the text that you see in the image below and click on "Continue".
- If you type the text correctly, you will be asked to fill out a simple form with your personal information.
- After you filled out the form, EasyChair will send you an email with a link that you can use to complete the account creation.


text:
Monday, January 23, 2012
Bang Bang Chicken
From the kitchen of One Perfect Bite...Summer or winter, this lovely Chinese salad makes for a wonderful meal. This Sichuan dish has become popular around the world and has managed to stay true to its roots. The origins of the dish can be found in Hanyang Ba, a town in Sichuan province that was famous for the quality and flavor of its chickens. Street vendors sold hunks of sauced chicken meat as a snack for villagers and townfolk . They called it "bang bang chicken" because of the noise made by wooden cudgels that were used for pounding cleavers blades through the meat. The cudgels were also used to loosen the fibers of the chicken so it could be torn into shreds by hand. This dish is also known as "stranger-flavor chicken" because of its unique combination of salty, sweet, sour, nutty, hot and numbing flavors. The heat comes from a fiery chili oil and the numbing flavor comes from the use of Sichuan peppercorns. I talked about Sichuan peppercorns several years ago and if you'd like a quick refresher course you can find it here. Make no doubt about it, when made as intended, this is a spicy and fiery hot dish. It is definitely not for sissies and it has the potential to set you on your (r)ear. The Silver Fox and I had our first taste of "bang bang chicken" and a true hot-pot while in Chengdu several years ago, so, we learned from masters how to make and eat and this Sichuan specialty. It is fondly recalled as a baptism by fire. If you decide to make this salad and are new to heat at these levels, I suggest you use red pepper flakes instead of red chili oil. Start with 1/2 teaspoon of flakes and if you like the dish and work your way up to a full measure of oil. There really is no substitute for the peppercorns, so if you can't find them, proceed without them. This is a lovely bold salad and I do hope you'll try it. Here's the recipe.
Bang Bang Chicken...from the kitchen of One Perfect Bite inspired in equal measure by Fushia Dunlop and Rhonda Parkinson
1 pound boneless skinless chicken breasts
1 English cucumber, cut into matchstick-size strips
6 shredded scallions + 1 tablespoon shredded scallion, white part only, divided use
1/2 - 1 teaspoon roasted Sichuan peppercorn
2 tablespoons sesame seed paste or chunky peanut butter
3 tablespoons soy sauce
1 tablespoon black rice wine vinegar
1 tablespoon Asian (dark) sesame oil
1 tablespoon granulated sugar
1 - 2 tablespoons hot chili oil, or 1 - 2 teaspoons chili flakes
Optional garnish: toasted sesame seeds
1) Bring a pot of water to a boil. Cook chicken in water for 10 minutes, or until cooked through. Drain. When cool enough to handle, whack chicken with a rolling pin until it can easily be pulled apart with your fingers.
2) Peel cucumber, and cut into matchstick-size strips. Shred scallions lengthwise. Set both aside.
3) Whisk sesame seed paste or peanut butter, soy sauce, black vinegar, sesame oil, sugar and hot chili oil or chili flakes together in a small bowl.
4) Arrange cucumber matchsticks and six shredded scallions on a serving plate. Place chicken on top. Sprinkle with Sichuan peppercorns and pour sauce over salad. Garnish with reserved scallion shreds. Yield: 4 servings.
One Year Ago Today: Soft Whole Wheat Dinner Rolls
Two Years Ago Today: Chocolate Peppermint Pie
36 comments :
- Pondside said...
I love it when I read a recipe that won't require me to make a huge shopping trip - just the fresh greens and the black rice wine vinegar and I'll be good to go.
- January 23, 2012 at 12:18 AM
- Sudha said...
Lovely assortment of flavors in this dish,Mary!Not only does it look beautiful,I'm sure it tastes great:)Thanks for sharing - love your recipes.
- January 23, 2012 at 1:00 AM
- Ginny said...
Bonefish Grill has Bang Bang Shrimp, a big appetizer favorite. It looks nothing like this, it's in lots of thick gooey sauce and we hate it. I even did a post on it. Now this looks so different, fresh and good!!! I'm also lusting after that peppermint pie!
- January 23, 2012 at 1:04 AM
- Avery James Photography said...
Looks yummy!! :)
- January 23, 2012 at 1:05 AM
- Priya said...
Makes me hungry..
- January 23, 2012 at 3:22 AM
- MissB said...
Hummmmmm so delicious! Love the name of the recipe! ^^ very funny!
Kisses Mary :*
- January 23, 2012 at 3:27 AM
- Foodycat said...
It looks really good - you are so lucky to have been to Chengdu! I was reading about the amazing food scene they have just this weekend.
- January 23, 2012 at 5:10 AM
- Mr. Bill said...
Looks great...thanks!
- January 23, 2012 at 6:40 AM
- Pegasuslegend said...
The name alone drew me in, love the addition of peanut butter and the name!!!
- January 23, 2012 at 6:55 AM
- lena said...
what a name for the dish! it's really nice to always hear you travelling round the world and able to learn their cooking as well and share it with all of us here. thank you!
- January 23, 2012 at 7:18 AM
- bellini said...
Well done Mary!!!
- January 23, 2012 at 7:21 AM
- Tanna at The Brick Street Bungalow said...
You are the best, Mary! This one sounds spicy and delicious! Thank you. blessings ~ tanna
- January 23, 2012 at 7:26 AM
- Kim said...
Love this chicken dish, looks really good!
- January 23, 2012 at 7:33 AM
- Judy@SavoringToday said...
Love those flavors and this sounds so simple to make--a great week night meal easy enough on those "just take me out" nights.
- January 23, 2012 at 8:02 AM
- Rita said...
We love Chinese Salad and this one is a must try; thank you. Happy ChinNew Years.
- January 23, 2012 at 8:19 AM
- Barbara said...
Excellent recipe, Mary! And the title draws you in... :)
- January 23, 2012 at 8:35 AM
- Inside a British Mum's Kitchen said...
Really happy to have this recipe - my girls will love it - the dressing sounds simply divine
Mary x
- January 23, 2012 at 9:00 AM
- T.W. Barritt at Culinary Types said...
I love the name and how it defines the preparation, the bold flavors and the total experience of the dish!
- January 23, 2012 at 9:32 AM
- Claudia said...
We've been eating Chinese all week in celebration of the New Year. I will be doing this - it's the lightness we've been striving for - but (ahem) I will be doing the "sissy" version!
- January 23, 2012 at 10:29 AM
- North of Wiarton & South of the Checkerboard said...
Happy Chinese New Year, Mary. You are such a wonderful worldly person, it is such a pleasure for me to read your daily posts. Thank you.
- January 23, 2012 at 11:14 AM
- Alanda said...
I love this kind of salads and flavours, it looks yummy...!!!!
- January 23, 2012 at 11:46 AM
- nanny said...
One good looking salad. I just love to try new ones....yum.
- January 23, 2012 at 2:01 PM
- Eliana said...
This looks like just what I need to get me out of my chicken rut. Thanks so much for sharing this recipe Mary. Love it!
- January 23, 2012 at 3:17 PM
- Gloria said...
ah Mary look awesome and delicious!
- January 23, 2012 at 6:40 PM
- Catherine said...
Dear Mary, I do love spicy!! I bet I would adore this dish. Blessings, Catherine xo
- January 23, 2012 at 7:54 PM
I never knew how this chicken dish got its name--interesting! That plate of food looks and sounds fantastic, Mary. Great flavors. :)
- January 23, 2012 at 8:40 PM
- Joanne said...
I'm a sucker for anything that combines sweet and savory. This sounds perfect to my tastebuds!
- January 23, 2012 at 8:53 PM
- Karen (Back Road Journal) said...
Hi Mary, I've been away for awhile and just catching up on your posts. I think that your Bang Bang Chicken will be perfect for a dinner I am preparing for friends. Thank you for always posting a recipe that I think will be enjoyed by so many.
- January 23, 2012 at 9:01 PM
- Gloria (The Little Red House with the White Porch) said...
Sorry, Mary. Your description of 'numbing' flavor and setting me on my rear has scared me off this recipe! LOL! You can enjoy it for me! ;)
P.S. For some reason, I couldn't see the photo. Maybe if I would have seen it, the great look of it would have given me some bravery to try it. LOL!
- January 24, 2012 at 12:39 AM
- Gloria (The Little Red House with the White Porch) said...
OH! the photo just came out! Well, further to my last comment... it looks good, but I still think too hot for me!
- January 24, 2012 at 12:43 AM
- Jenn said...
I've had bang bang shrimp before, but this salad looks even better than that! I need to find black rice wine vinegar.. think it's time to hit the Asian market again!
- January 24, 2012 at 7:25 AM
- France@beyondthepeel said...
I love spicy but I think my favorite part will be banging it with a rolling pin! Too much fun!
- January 24, 2012 at 3:29 PM
- chacha said...
Mary, this looks wonderful. My family used to enjoy a chicken salad at our favorite Chinese restaurant just like this many, many years ago. I look forward to making this for my parents soon!
- January 24, 2012 at 6:18 PM
- The Harried Cook said...
Love this recipe! The flavors sound like they will go bang bang in your mouth :D Great post, Mary!
- January 24, 2012 at 9:28 PM
- Jeanette said...
I love the fragrance and numbing feeling from Sichuan peppercorns.
- January 25, 2012 at 10:00 PM
- Aileen said...
This is a very interesting dish. The title got me :-) and I sure would like to try it someday. I like spicy, I just don't know if I can handle this one, judging from your description.
- January 29, 2012 at 5:40 PM


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