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Earth : Europe : Baltic states : Lithuania
Lithuania (Lietuva) is a Baltic country in Northern Europe. It has a Baltic Sea coastline in the west and is surrounded by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east, Poland to the southwest, and Russia (Kaliningrad) to the west.
Lithuania is an active member of the European Union (since 1 May 2004) and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (since 29 Mar 2004). Lithuania is the only Baltic country with more than eight hundred years of statehood tradition and its name was first mentioned one thousand years ago, in 1009. Wedged at the dividing line of Western and Eastern civilizations, Lithuania battled dramatically for its independence and survival. Once in the Middle Ages (15th century), Lithuania was the largest state in the entire Europe, where crafts and overseas trade prospered.
In 1579, Vilnius University, an important scientific and education centre of the European scale, was opened. In the 16th century, Lithuania adopted its First, Second and Third Statutes. The Statutes were not only the backbone of the legislative system, they also had a major impact on the legislation of other European states of the time. Despite losing its independence, Lithuania managed to retain its Third Statute in force for as many as 250 years, which was instrumental in the preservation of national and civic self-awareness. The Constitution of Poland-Lithuania together with the French Constitution, both adopted in 1791, were the first constitutions in Europe (The Polish-Lithuanian constitution was adopted few months earlier than the French).
Transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers.
Lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil. The fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits. The highest point is Aukstojas Hill 294 m (967 ft), about 24 km southeast of Vilnius and lies just off the main highway to Minsk and within sight of the Belarus border. 30% is covered in forest.
Lithuania, first formed in the middle of the 13th century, was a huge feudal country stretching from the Baltic to the Black sea in the middle ages and in 1569 entered an union with Poland to form a commonwealth.
Lithuania was part of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth until the Polish Partitions in the 18th century when it became part of the Russian Empire.
Modern Lithuania gained its independence from Russia in 1918 following World War I and the dissolution of the Czarist monarchy. However, in 1940 Lithuania was forcibly incorporated into the Soviet Union. On 11 March 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but this proclamation was not generally recognized until September 1991, following the abortive coup in Moscow. The Soviet Union recognized Lithuania's independence on 6 September 1991. A constitution was adopted on 25 October 1992. The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently has restructured its economy for integration into Western European institutions.
National Holidays
Regional differences of Lithuanian culture reflect the complicated historical development of the country. Since the thirteenth century five ethnographic areas, or regions, have historically formed in the current territory of Lithuania:
These ethnographic regions even today differ by dialects, ways of life and behaviour styles, while until the turn of the last century there were pronounced differences in dress and homestead styles as well as village planning.
Lithuania is justly proud of its unfailing treasures of folklore: colourful clothing, meandering songs, an abundance of tales and stories, sonorous dialects and voluble language. This ethnographic heritage is nourished by ethnographic and folklore companies and barn theatres. Recent years have witnessed the revival of ethnographic crafts and culinary traditions. Folk craft fairs and live craft days are organized during many events and festivals.
Other destinations
Get in
Lithuania is a member of the Schengen Agreement.
There are no border controls between countries that have signed and implemented this treaty - the European Union (except Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Ireland, Romania and the United Kingdom), Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Likewise, a visa granted for any Schengen member is valid in all other countries that have signed and implemented the treaty. But be careful: not all EU members have signed the Schengen treaty, and not all Schengen members are part of the European Union. This means that there may be spot customs checks but no immigration checks (travelling within Schengen but to/from a non-EU country) or you may have to clear immigration but not customs (travelling within the EU but to/from a non-Schengen country).
Please see the article Travel in the Schengen Zone for more information about how the scheme works and what entry requirements are.
By plane
Most airlines arrive at the main Vilnius International Airport and some at the smaller, seaside Palanga Airport, while no-frills carriers such as Ryanair land in Kaunas International Airport. Kaunas airport also has a direct link with Riga by AirBaltic.
For destinations in Northern Lithuania, Riga Airport is an attractive option.
By train
There are train connections to Vilnius from Daugavpils (Latvia), Warsaw, Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Minsk and Kaliningrad.
By car
Major "Via Baltica" road links Kaunas to Warsaw and Riga/Tallinn. The Baltic road, which links Vilnius to Tallinn, was just reconstructed. It is a very easy and pleasant route. Overall, the major roads between the cities are of decent quality. Be extremely cautious when getting off the main roads in rural areas, as some of them may contain pot holes and general blemishes which could damage a regular car if you go too fast. While driving between cities there are usually cafes and gas stations with bathrooms and snacks.
By bus
By boat
There are several passenger/car ferries from Klaipeda to Sweden, Germany, Denmark. See Lisco or Stena Line
Get around
By train
Litrail has services to major cities in Lithuania as well as to some small towns and villages which are difficult to reach by other public transport (e.g. popular holiday/weekend destinations in Dzūkija and Aukštaitija National Parks, Neris Regional Park and, for example, Kretinga town, a final stop for those who are traveling to Palanga seaside resort by train). Fares are low compared to Western Europe: Vilnius-Kaunas ~17 LTL (5 Euro), Vilnius-Klaipeda ~50 LTL (14.5 Euro), Šeštokai (Lithuanian-Polish border) - Kaunas ~20 LTL (5.8 Euro).
Many of the long distance trains have compartments which can accommodate six seated passengers or four sleeping passengers. The headrest can be lifted up to form a very comfortable bunk bed, which can be used while people are seated below. The seats themselves form the other pair of beds. As some journeys are quite long (about 5 hr in the case of Vilnius-Klaipėda), it is common to see people sleeping on the upper bunks during daytime journeys as well.
Generally the railway network is not considered as an alternative to the road network as it does not exactly duplicates the roads. As a result some places are more convenient to reach by train, some other places by bus, even if the railway and the highway are not far apart. Examples of the destinations which are more convenient to reach by train: Ignalina, a main point where the trip to Aukštaitija National Park begins; Kaunas' eastern part around the dam where several recreation areas and tourist objects are situated (one have to get off at Palemonas suburb). This makes the question "which one is better, train or bus?" rather hard to answer because it depends on the nuances.
Narrow Gauge Railway in Anykščiai offers short trips to a near-by lake. In summer it runs on regular schedule, rest of the time tours must be booked in advance.
By thumb
Hitchhiking in Lithuania is generally good. Get to the outskirts of the city, but before cars speed up to the highway speeds. The middle letter on the older licence plates (with Lithuanian flag) of the three letter code usually corresponds with the city of registration (V for Vilnius, K for Kaunas, L for Klaipeda, etc.). Newer licence plates (with EU flag) are not bound to city of registration in any way.
By bus
In Lithuania it is easy to move by buses and in practice, all the bigger even a little places can be reached with buses. The buses usually run more slowly than where a Western has got used due to if it is not a question of Ekspresas, the bus stops at every stop exactly. To be more precise, there are two types of bus lines (see below) and three types of the bus stops: "red" stops for "Ekspresas" buses (very few, the journey with "Ekspresas" is quick), "yellow" stops for the regular intercity buses, and the "blank" stops for suburban buses (very frequent, the journey is slow). The color is a color of a road sign for the bus stop. For example 40 km the trip by suburban bus can last thus an hour. Some buses are old cars that have mainly been brought from the Nordic countries, some are new ones, it is not predictable which one you will get. There is usually its own bus company on every town (district centre) and more than one company in the largest towns, and the best are Kautra, the TOKS of Kaunas, Vilnius and mini bus company, Transrevis, which will drive turns between Kaunas and Vilnius. A company to avoid is worthwhile is Busturas, they drive the old buses to Siauliai and are in a weak economic situation, but if you travel, the alternative is not always. Practically, when you travel the time is most important factor and the best decision is to take the closest bus which runs in the right direction.
The bulk of Lithuania's bus routes and turns have been listed in an address from which you also can reserve the tickets for certain routes. However, pay attention to the fact that the payment system supports only some of the Lithuanian banks for the present and the credit card at the moment does not suit.
The list above is only for the intercity buses, which generally is sufficient. There are two types of bus lines in Lithuania: intercity (tarpmiestiniai) buses and suburban (priemiestiniai) buses. This is reflected in the structure of the bigger bus stations, for example Vilnius bus station has two sections, a suburban "blue" one (blue color dominates in the timetables, destination plates on buses are written in blue) and a intercity "red" one (red colour dominates in the timetables, destination plates on buses are written in either blue or red). Thus, for example, "Trakai" direction has two platforms, a "red" one where intercity buses leave directly towards Trakai, and a "blue" one where suburban buses leave to Trakai but run different routes, zig-zagging from village to village and finally arrive to Trakai. Similarly, at the Trakai bus station there are two platforms for "Vilnius" direction: blue one and red one. It is important to know that the "red" (intercity) bus always is faster. At the same time, intercity bus does not stop everywhere, for example the bus stop near the Hill of Crosses is for suburban buses only, if you wait there you can see many buses passing by but they won't stop there, you have to wait for a "blue" (suburban) bus. Schedules for suburban buses usually are put up separately from the schedules for intercity buses.
Buses operate regularly between the main centres as well as the regional centres. Kautra [17] operates a number of routes out of Kaunas with the cost of ~20-30 Litas for most journeys. Other companies with intercity routes worth to mention are Toks (from Vilnius) and Busturas from Šiauliai. For students with Lithuanian student id, bus companies grant 50% discount around the year with the exception of July and August. For students with ISIC (international student card), bus companies grant 50% discount.
For buses and trolley-buses on routes within towns and cities it is usual to buy the ticket in advance from a kiosk, board the vehicle using the middle door and stamp the ticket using one of the ticket punches. These were historically located near the middle door, but with the introduction of electronic ticketing, there is often a single ticket punch located just behind the driver's seat. Tickets bought from the driver, rather than kiosks, are more expensive and may also generate an off-handed response if the bus is late or crowded and you don't provide the exact change. Inspectors periodically check tickets and will issue a fine if you cannot produce a correctly punched ticket. The bus is exited by the middle door and it is important to head for the door before the bus has stopped - it can be impossible to leave once people have started boarding.
Some towns fully introduced electronic ticketing and terminated the sale of paper tickets in the kiosks, visitors have to board the bus and buy the ticket from driver. Such ticket, after stamping in the punch, is valid for the one ride. Also there are different regulations in different towns which door to use when boarding the vehicle, just look how other people do and follow them.
In addition to common buses, there are minibuses which usually operate express routes. For schedules, consult
By taxi
Taxis are run on a meter and can be booked by the phone numbers shown on the door of the taxi. Taxis are relatively cheap compared to western Europe. Beware however, some companies may not be as safe as others, common sense will keep you safe in this regard. "Taking the long way round" used to be common but had nearly been irradicated, western Europeans may still find themselves taking the scenic route, don't worry though, the maximum that this will add is a few litas. It is customary to give a small tip at the end of your journey.
It's usually cheaper to order a taxi by phone instead of taking one in the street, especially in bus stations or airports.
Recently (spring 2009) taxi prices, especially in Vilnius, have dropped dramatically from previous level during the boom years. If you don't need a fancy ride, taxi can be as cheap as 1.25 litas (37 euro cents) per km.
By bicycle
Cycling in Lithuania is quite popular, however it depends on the exact location as in major cities pavements usually will have a bicycle pathways with numerous signs, although getting around by bicycle in rural areas might become a bit of a challenge. Two international EuroVelo cycle routes across the country, EuroVelo No. 10 and EuroVelo No. 11 equipped with quality signs, bikepaths are of excellent quality.
Just as it is in Western Europe, it might be dangerous to leave your bicycle outside alone for more than a few hours without locking it.
The international bicycle project BaltiCCycle may provide you with information and help.
By car
Lithuanian traffic moves on the right and, as with most of the world, all distances are posted in km.
The road network in Lithuania is fairly good, especially the motorways. The quality of road surface on minor roads can vary. The improvement work hampers traffic in many places. The Via Baltica road goes through Lithuania from Estonia to Poland. Another important road is the A1 from Vilnius to Klaipeda.
Unlike many European countries, but similar to North American practice, turning right at a red traffic light is allowed where indicated by a "green arrow" (square white sign next to the red light, containing a green arrow indicating the permitted direction), provided that it does not endanger other traffic. Be aware that the absence of such a sign means that turning right on red is not allowed, and the police will stop any driver seen breaking this rule.
Many bigger junctions have a separate green light for traffic turning left, but no red light. The green light for the other directions shows arrows going straight and to the right, but you need to look closely to make them out.
On two- or three- lane roads, it is polite to move out of the right-hand lane (if safe to do so) when you intend to travel straight ahead; this keeps the right-hand lane clear for right-turning traffic. When moving back to the right hand lane watch out for fast-moving vehicles approaching from behind.
On the motorways the u-turn is possible. The motorists do not observe traffic regulations so especially the pedestrians must be exact as conscientiously as elsewhere in former Soviet countries. Moving domestic animals and roe animals may cause dangerous situations on the roads and motorways.
Roundabouts are a feature of the Lithuanian road network, particularly in the cities. Visitors from countries where this type of junction is uncommon or not used at all, may find the Wikipedia article on roundabouts useful.
The alcohol limit is 0.4 in Lithuania's traffic. The alcohol limit is being lowered to 0.2.
Fixed speed cameras are frequent along country roads and motorways, usually near crossroads or pedestrian crossings, and in cities. These are usually announced by a sign. Many of them appear to be designed to be turned around from time to time, watching the opposite direction.
The official language of Lithuania is Lithuanian, making up one of only two languages (along with Latvian) on the Baltic branch of the Indo-European family. Despite the kinship of Lithuanian to many other European languages, the archaic nature of its grammar makes it hard for foreigners unfamiliar with the language to form even basic sentences.
Foreigners interested in reading English news can access the Lithuania Tribune, which is an online news portal providing news about Lithuania in English.
Russian is spoken as a second language by about 80% of the population according to European Union statistics, clearly making it the most useful non-Lithuanian language to know. The younger generation is becoming more and more proficient in English, but still only 32% of Lithuanians can speak it. Polish and, to a lesser extent, German are also spoken in some places for historical reasons. Lithuanians are always eager for an opportunity to practice their English, but those who learn a few basic phrases of the local language are always amply awarded with good will and appreciation for their efforts.
In Samogitia (Western Lithuania), most people talk in Samogitian, which is somewhat different from Standard Lithuanian and is sometimes called an independent language.
Remember that you are in Lithuania, not in a Russian colony and no longer in the Soviet Union: Lithuanians do not want to hear their language being 'almost Russian' because it is not and they do not like to be associated with Russia.
Lithuanian and Latvian are the last living languages of the Baltic language family. Local people greatly appreciate even small attempts to speak Lithuanian.
The most southern of the Baltic countries, Lithuania's historic heritage sets it quite apart from the other two. Visiting this small but colourful country today, few travellers might guess that this was once the largest nation in Europe. A few monuments remind of those golden ages, when the Grand Duchy of Lithuania stretched out far into modern day Russia, Poland and Moldova, but even fewer are still inside the Lithuanian borders. The archeologic site of Kernavė, long ago a medieval capital, is now a World Heritage Site and has historic hillfort mounds as well as a museum. The Trakai Island Castle in Trakai is sometimes called "Little Mariënburg". It's located on an island and was one of the main strongholds in the prime days of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Although it was severely damaged in 17th century wars with Muscovy, the castle was beautifully restored in the 20th century and is now a popular tourist sight. Kaunas Castle in Kaunas is even older, but only a fourth of the original building remains.
The country's lovely capital, Vilnius, is a small but pleasant place with a UNESCO listed historic centre. It's the perfect place to admire a range of architectural styles, as it boasts a mixture of gothic, renaissance, baroque and neoclassical buildings. Stroll through the narrow streets and cosy courtyards and kick back for a coffee in one of the many cafés on Pilies Street. Then, walk down Gediminas Avenue, the town's main street lined with governmental buildings and theatres, towards the old neighbourhood of Žvėrynas. With some 65 churches, the famous Gediminas Tower, the Cathedral Square, the Royal Palace, the Presidential Palace and many other monuments and museums, you won't run out of things to see in Vilnius any time soon.
For a day at the sea, the popular seaside resort of Palanga is the place to be. Although it gets crowded in summer, it has some great beaches and beautiful sand dunes. Sand dunes overgrown with pine forest is also what you'll find at the almost 100 km long Curonian Spit[18], which separates the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea coast. It's a World Heritage Site shared between Lithuania and Russia and is best explored from the large port city Klaipėda, though there is a possibility to stay on the Spit itself in one of the four fishermen villages. Not far from Klaipeda is the village of Juodkrante, which is famous for its Hill of Witches, decorated with sculptures from the country's legends and tales. Farthermost on Lithuanian half is the fishermen's town of Nida, it is praised for its shores, ancient ethnographic cemetery and high sand dunes in vicinity. Klaipėda is also a good hub to other sea side resorts on the Baltic Coast, less known but equally cosy, such like Karklė. Nice bicycle path stretches north and south from Klaipėda, as well as along all Curonian Spit.
A few kilometres from the northern city Šiauliai you'll find the remarkable Hill of Crosses, which is an extraordinary and popular pilgrimage site. Over a 100.000 crosses - small, huge, simple and exuberant - have been placed here by faithful from far and wide. On the other side of the country, in the very south, you'll find the popular and classy spa resort town of Druskininkai, surrounded by largest pine forest in the country.
Like it's Baltic neighbours, Lithuania has a lot to offer for nature lovers. Dense forests, hills, beautiful blue lakes and rivers are the main base. The forested Aukštaitija National Park [19] is perhaps the most popular of the country's national parks for its balanced diversity of natural and cultural values. Its forests are home to elk, deer and wild boar. Some of the pines you'll see here are up to 200 years old and the park is a safe haven for many plants and birds that are endangered in the rest of the country. The 126 lakes and countless streams in between them make the park a great place for water sports activities and the villages in the park have some interesting wooden churches. South east from the national park lies a one of the largest forests, famous Labanoras Forest, which is a part of Labanoras Regional Park - and there is more rare plants, more rare birds, including Black Stork, Capercailye, Crane and few species of eagles, more rare animals like Lynx and Wolf, 285 lakes (70 of them swimmable), mysterious swamps and numerous rivers and streams suitable for canoeing. No surprise that its popularity among holidaymakers exceed even popularity of its neighbour Aukštaitija National Park. Another favourite regional park, especially among the birders, is the Nemunas Delta. The vast wetlands around the place where Neman River reaches the Baltic Sea are a popular eco-tourism destination and an important bird habitat.
Natural scenery
Nature objects
Major parks and gardens
Major manors
20th century military heritage
Lithuania was a part of Russian Empire and bordered Germany. Various small fortifications are sparsely scattered across the country, but most of them are concentrated in two places: around Kaunas and in Zarasai (Novo-Alexandrovsk at the time) - Ignalina area.
Russian fortifications
German fortifications
Cold war
Pagan heritage: sites and artifacts
Christian heritage
Concerning religion, Lithuanian rulers were very flexible. Some tended to Catholicism, others to Orthodox, and some were changing religions like clothes depending on trend. Finally, on 19 April 1389, Pope Urban VI recognized the status of Lithuania as a Roman Catholic state. A direct consequence of this was that German Orders lost any legal reasons to continue their crusades to Lithuania. Some say that Lithuania was forced to accept Christianity, some others can say that Christian Europe was forced to recognize Lithuania, but if the measure of progress is human life, then it was beneficial for all.
The basic data on most common Lithuanian tourism routes (19 total) can be found on presentation which was created with the help of the project funded from EU structural funds. It can provide some ideas of where to go and also gives idea about EU funds absorption in Lithuania for the needs of all travelers. Also see below for more ideas on what to do in different places of Lithuania.
Pilgrimage places define the geographical area within which the place is known and from which pilgrims are drawn. The location of nature objects, such as mounds, forests, trees, stones and water embodied the network of sacred places in the pre-Christian Lithuania. The ancient Balts had their own center of pilgrimage Rickoyto (Romuva), its geographical locality is still unknown. It is, that the trinity of Baltic gods – Perkūnas (Thunder God), Patrimpas (Fertility God) and Pikuolis (Underworld God) – were venerated under the old and high-powered oak at that place. The 16th-17th centuries are the formative period of the network of Christian pilgrimage places in Lithuania. Trakai, Šiluva, Gate Of Dawn (Aušros Vartai), Samogitian Calvary (Žemaičių Kalvarija), Vilnius Calvary were the main pilgrimage centers as well as Vilnius Cathedral (veneration of Saint Casimir). The new pilgrimage places refreshed the network in the 18th–19th centuries, the Hill of Crosses, an ancient hill-fort of Jurgaičiai, became one of them when after uprising of 1831 and 1863 the crosses had been built in the memory of dead. The places of apparitions of Virgin Mary complement the network of pilgrimage places in the 20th century exclusively. The obstruction for pilgrimage to the sacred places either places of apparitions was evident in the soviet era; several places (Vilnius Calvary, The Hill of Crosses, Janoniai Spring in Anykščiai district ) were destroyed physically. The 23 main catholic pilgrimage places can be grouped at the present time. Most of them are bound with the cult of Virgin Mary (12 – the worship places of images of Holy Mary, 3 – places of apparitions, 1 – the place of coronet image and apparition). The second groups – Calvaries (5 places, the Samogitian Calvary has the miraculous image too), the places of saints and cult of holy persons (4 places, the Cathedral of Vilnius has the coronet image of Holy Mary too), the worship places of Cross (2 places) and holy spring (Mažučiai Spring 2 km away from Alksnėnai village, Vilkaviškis district).
The main and most popular places of pilgrimage today are included into the tourist routes.
Motor vehicle transport is one of the forms of travel mode to the most pilgrimage places in Lithuania (individual cars, shuttle or charter buses). Pilgrimage is traveling on foot too, this is popular among youth. Directions of traveling on foot can be divided into 3 large areas:
Lithuanian's are most proud of one thing. Basketball. To Lithuanians it was more than a sport. In order for a foreigner to understand he or she would have to read history. In summary, Lithuanians been oppressed by Russians for a while and they kept fighting to be independent. Lithuanians were first to declare independence from Soviet Union. Basketball finalized the independence when newly independent country, Lithuania, participated in Olympics, which took place in Barcelona. They barely managed to raise enough money to send the team to the tournament, but managed to come back as heroes because they came back with a bronze medal. At the medal ceremony, Lithuanian flag, which was independent only for 1 year has been raised high right next to American flag. It was great achievement because, the game for the bronze medal was against Russians. It was more than a basketball game. Lithuanians were oppressed by them for so long. They even had to represent Soviet Union in olympics. Actually, when USSR won gold medal in 1988 in Seoul, 4 out of 5 starters were Lithuanian. They carried the team, but the medal went to Soviet Union, instead of Lithuania. Therefore, that is why the win against Russian in 1992 was crucial. Also, Lithuania has most NBA players per person, which makes Lithuania one of the best basketball countries in the world. According to FIBA rankings, Lithuanian youth is ranked #2 and losing the #1 spot to USA. Although for a country of 3,000,000 it is very impressive.
In short, Lithuanian nation is basketball mad, it is comparable to the British with football and New Zealand with rugby. Lithuania is one of the most successful teams in international competition, winning medals in three out of four Olympic tournaments, (bronze), and finishing fourth in 2008. All this from just five Olympic appearances. Major domestic clubs are BC Žalgiris from Kaunas and BC Lietuvos Rytas from Vilnius. For this reason in almost every park and playground you will find a basketball court.
Be careful if some people challenge you to a basketball game. Common Lithuanians are very good in basketball, and you might just embarrass yourself.
Arvydas Sabonis is a legendary basketball player that earned a spot in Basketballs Hall of Fame .
Artūras Karnišovas is all time leading scorer for Lithuanian national team.
Swimming is also a sport that is gaining a lot of attention, especially after Rūta Meilutytė won olympic gold medal in women's breaststroke.
Žydrūnas Savickas is another person that Lithuanians are proud of. He is considered as the strongest man in the world.
Knowing Lithuanian sports will definitely help you win their hearts.
Major sports venues
Major football stadiums
Golf courses
Lithuania has a lot of shopping malls for so few inhabitants. There isn't a big difference between Lithuania's shopping malls and those in other parts of Europe.
Vilnius recently became a shopper's paradise when plenty of massive shopping centres were opened all over the city. Akropolis (a chain of shopping malls in Lithuania) is one of them and definitely worth visiting if you are a shopping malls maniac, as it houses an ice skating rink, bowling lanes and a cinema.
Shopping centre Helios City in Savanorių Ave offers to have dinner, to take a cup of coffee and to go shopping under the one roof. On the first and the second floors of the Helios City restaurants, cafes, small shops, beauty salon, dry cleaning and other service companies are located. The centre of the city or the Old Town and the new leisure and service centre are separated by less than 1.5 km. It is convenient to access the Helios City from any place of the city – either by public or proper transport.
Gariūnai is the Baltic's largest open air market, located on the western edge of Vilnius. Thousands of merchants can be found there on a good weekend, from not only Lithuania, but also from as far away as Ukraine. Clothes, shoes, and even music can be bought there. Counterfeit goods still can be found, and it was a serious issue several years ago. But since it's illegal the demand has decreased significantly, and as a consequence profits decreased as well, therefore merchants are not really interested in such trade even without an effort of authorities. Overall, a low price is guaranteed, quality is not.
Kaunas is also a city of shopping centres, and the centre of the city, Laisvės avenue is a pedestrian thoroughfare. The main shopping centers in Kaunas are: Akropolis, Mega, Molas, Savas, HyperMaxima, and Urmas shopping area. There is even that symbol of "mall culture", which is new to Lithuania, Akropolis. Actually, Mega has the biggest aquarium in whole Europe that could be find in a mall. It has more than 800 fishes from every ocean and various seas. It is more than worth seeing.
Klaipeda is a major shopping center for people from Latvia and Kaliningrad. The main shopping centers are: Akropolis, Arena, Studlendas and BIG. Many people coming to the city on cruise ships shop in Klaipeda, due to the good value and price combination.
Lithuanian dinners usually include meat, potato, vegetables and sometimes a curd sauce of some sort. Case in point: the cepelinai, or zeppelins, which are meat filled potato-starch based zeppelin-shaped masses traditionally slathered in a sauce of sour cream, butter, and pork cracklings. Pork is traditionally eaten, beef much less so. Needless to say, vegans will have a hard time eating out, although some large restaurant chains will have vegetarian dishes on the menu.
Some fast food in Lithuania, such as Kibinai, (from the Karaim people) small turnovers usually filled with spiced lamb, and Cheburekai (a Russian snack), large folds of dough with a scant filling of meat, cheese, or even apples, can be found around the city.
Many restaurants have menus in English (usually in the Lithuanian menu) and to a lesser extent, Russian. Though use caution as sometimes menus in other languages may have inflated prices, although this is a rarity, and won't be found in Vilnius, or the better known chains such as Čili Pica (Chili Pizza).
If you are traveling to Lithuanian shore from the eastern part of Lithuania and you are passing through Karmelava you must try Cepelinai. The Restaurant is called Briedžių Medžioklė (address Vilniaus street 54, Karmėlava) and they have the biggest size Cepelinai in the whole country. Usually, 3 or 4 homemade Cepelinai call fill up a big person. To eat 2 Cepelinai at Briedžių Medžioklė is a huge achievement. Usually Lithuanians make the stop at Karmėlava because in their eyes a trip to shore is extremely long and across the country, even though it lasts only a little bit over 2 hours.
Lithuania is a beer drinking country, with the most famous brands being Švyturys, Kalnapilis, Utenos, Horn and Gubernija. A visit to a kiosk will show that there may be more than 50 different brands of beer in this small country. Alcohol percentages are displayed on the label, and usually range from 4 to 9.5 percent. Compared to other European countries, beer is usually affordable, in shops approx. 0.50 to 1 € per half litre, in bars approx. 0.75 to 2 € per half litre(beer is sold by the half or full litre, a full litre being found rarely). The beer tastes excellent, putting global brands to shame and it can be said that Lithuanian lager is of at least equal quality to Czech, Slovak, German, and Polish lager. A request for a Lithuanian beer always generates goodwill, even in a Chinese or other foreign-themed restaurant.
When you visit a bar or restaurant without intending to eat, try one of the bar snacks, which are very popular among Lithuanians. The most popular of these snacks consists of a bowl of pieces of garlic bread covered in cheese.
In addition to beer, rather cheap but high quality vodka (or "degtinė" in Lithuanian) is consumed, but not to the extent usually associated with this part of the world. Also, every region has its own home-made speciality of which "Samane" is most famous/notorious and is best avoided. The larger supermarkets have an incredible variety of vodka from all the main vodka-producing countries.
Lithuanian mead, or midus is a beverage produced exclusively under government control. It is commonly made from all sorts of Lithuanian flora, from leaves and berries to some tree bark. Alcohol percentages range from 10% to 75% (considered medicinal).
For tourists, quality sparkling wines, such as Alita or Mindaugas, and local liqueurs are popular choices to bring back home.
Keep in mind the law that came into effect from Jan 2009 that prohibits selling alcohol in shops between 10PM and 8AM (bars, cafes, restaurants etc. are exempt from this).
In shops and cafés different tea and coffee qualities are widely available. The selection in coffee ranges from northern European brands to French ones. In coffee houses, you should expect to pay up to 1.50 € for your coffee. Some cafés offer also a variety of special coffees with more or less special prices. Many cafes (kavinės) still make "lazy" coffee, which is simply coffee grounds and boiling water, unfiltered, with grounds at the bottom of the cup, often surprising the drinker - ask before you buy! Tea is usually sold at 50% of the price of coffee. Some of the wonderful drinks such as the Marganito are great for fun filled party drinks and rated one of the top kinds of wine in the country, perfect for weddings.
Unlike restaurants, or pubs aimed at tourists, bars (Baras) may be frequented by heavy drinkers and can therefore be somewhat rowdy. Nevertheless a visit may still be very rewarding, especially if you accept an invitation to participate in karaoke.
A law banning smoking in cafés, restaurants, bars, nightclubs, discotheques and other public establishments was passed in May 2006, and came into effect on 1 Jan 2007. However, many nightclubs have internal smoking rooms, which have a degree of ventilation.
Tap water is suitable for drinking in many parts of Lithuania. In other areas, local people prefer to purchase bottled water or to run tap water through water filters. If you need to buy bottled water, a 5 litre bottle is not much more expensive than a one litre bottle. Where in doubt about the tap water, seek local advice.
Mineral water is also offered in restaurants, cafés and shops, although it's a bit more expensive than tap water. Some popular brands are Birutė and Vytautas.
The price of accommodation depends very much on the place. For instance, in Joniškis (Northern Lithuania), you can get a good hotel room for 25 euros whereas an equivalent room might be as much as 100 euros in Vilnius. Some hotels do not have home pages. Nevertheless, the Internet helps considerably in planning.
Throughout the country, homestays – sleeping "with the grandmother" – are typical. On main street of a town there are many elderly townsfolk offering spare beds in their extra rooms. These experiences are absolutely worth seeking out.
If you want to rent the apartment, the prices will be usually from 200 euros a month. In the biggest towns there are companies which rent apartments "to the long-time tourist or working here". In these you complete on good conditions the apartment furnished and cleaned by the cleaner. From 300 euros.
If you are looking for an apartment for a shorter period (from a few days onwards), do a Web search for "trumpalaikė butų nuoma". This will give you some portals or sites of companies, though not all of them are available in English – some are, however, available in other languages such as German, Polish or Russian.
You will find the hotels of every town on their own interleaves. However, remember that this is the service maintained by the volunteers and you should not wait for current prices let alone that there would be all the possibilities listed.
An interesting accommodation alternative is a countryside accommodation or an own cottage. Countryside.lt offers the shining catalog for accommodation alternatives and you find nearly all the countryside targets and a reservation system from there.
Most large cities such as Vilnius or Kaunas have an abundance of hotel options from 60 litas and up. When traveling to a popular vacation spot in the summer (like Palanga or Druskininkai) make sure to book a room in advance because demand may outnumber supply. Additionally, some of the Cafes on the main highways between cities also have rooms to rent.
Lithuania has one of the best educational systems in the World. Many universities participate in student exchange programs. Most popular international college in Lithuania is Lithuania Christian College, LCC, in Klaipėda. The best universities of Lithuania are Vilnius University (Vilniaus Universitetas), VU, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (Vilniaus Gedimino Technikos Universitetas), VGTU, and Kaunas University of Technology (Kauno Technologijos Universitetas), KTU.
In Kaunas, apart the biggest technical university in the country, KTU, there are a Lithuanian University Of Health Science (Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas), Sports University (Sporto universitetas), the Academy of Music and Theatre (Muzikos ir teatro akademija), Aleksandras Stulginskis University (former Agriculture University), and multidisciplinary University of Vytautas Magnus.
Klaipėda and Šiauliai also has its own universities. In the country several lower educational institutions which go with the name kolegija (engl a college) also are found.
The course supply hangs very much from the university and there also are somewhere programmes for English. However, pay attention to the fact that Lithuania's official language is Lithuanian and in the law it has been prescribed that the Lithuanian student has a right to study in Lithuanian in Lithuania. Especially all the courses of the candidate level will be thus in Lithuanian and in the Master of Arts programmes in English the bulk of the courses is in English. Depending on the rules of the university the courses must have a certain number of foreign students before it must be in English (it touches courses in English) and if this limit is not exceeded, the lecturer may lecture, if desired, in Lithuanian. Because the employment of universities has been lowered last year about 20% and the addition which is paid for the courses in English in some universities to the lecturers was removed, many lecturers choose the easiest road preferably for them to themselves. Then the foreign students can take the course by writing either essays or based on personal meetings.
The grading system in Lithuania is generally 1-10 in which 5-10 correspond to the accepted performances. The local students usually have to keep their average very high and still a higher one in order to get the scholarship in order to guarantee free studies. There is no financial aid for studies.
There are now many work options in Lithuania. Any EU national can work and live in Lithuania. However, residence permits must be obtained, and employers must prove a lack of competent workers in Lithuania for such employment, which can be difficult. Also, Lithuanian law dictates that all business be conducted in Lithuanian language.
In Lithuania you need the residence permit and a registered address for the working. The immigration authorities will usually be fairly fluent in English, otherwise either Russian or Lithuanian is useful. One seldom manages working life without control of the language.
In Lithuania the worker pays 21% of an income tax 6% for health and unemployment insurance which is about 3%. The taxes take about 20% of the salary, irrespective of income. Minimum wage is about 300 Euros and average wage is approaching 850 Euros.
Stay safe
In general, safety depends on what country you are from. You should take basic safety measures:
Natural danger
Stay healthy
No inoculations are needed to enter or leave Lithuania. In the winter only influenza can cause you a considerable inconvenience. Official list of health institutions with the contact information is presented on a web site of Ministry of Health. Service of laboratory tests is provided by National Public Health Surveillance Laboratory.
Ayurveda and holistic centres
Lithuanians are a Baltic nation; however, it's common for tourists to think that they are somehow connected with Russians.
Lithuanians form their own distinct ethnic group and speak their own language (Lithuanian), which is one of the oldest Indo-European languages, belonging to the Baltic (not the Slavic) branch of Indo-European languages (although Lithuanian and Latvian have some common similarities with Finnish or Estonian languages).
It is a notoriously difficult language to master, but learning how to greet locals in their own language can go a long way. They will appreciate your efforts in Lithuanian.
Lithuania was part of the Soviet Union from the end of World War II until 1991. You should also try to remember that the Lithuanian capital is Vilnius, not Riga, which is the capital of neighbouring Latvia, a common mistake for travellers and an annoyance to locals.
Because of war time occupations by Tsarist Russia in the 19th century, the Soviet Union in the 20th century and the territorial disputes with Poland in the early 20th century, conversations revolving around disputes with neighboring countries are not a good idea for those not from the region. Be careful when mentioning Lithuania in the context of the former USSR. Any praising of Soviet practices is very unlikely to be understood or appreciated by the Lithuanians. Talking about World War II or the Holocaust is not something to talk about either. This is because this is a very touchy subject to many Lithuanians.
Lithuanians may appear at times nationalistic; however, it is with good reason that they are a proud nation as they have fought to maintain their cultural identity through dark times, and this has kept them a unique and in general a warm and charming race. Although most Lithuanians officially are Catholics, native (pagan) Lithuanian religion is still alive in traditions, ethnoculture, festivals, music etc.
Lithuanians may appear sad, depressive (suicide rates in Lithuania are among the highest in the world), a little bit rude and suspicious, so talking about your good health, wealth, and happiness could be sometimes taken negatively. Smile at a Lithuanian in the street and most likely they will not respond in kindness. Smiling in Lithuania is traditionally reserved for friends; smile at a stranger and they will either think you're making fun of them and there's something wrong with their clothes or hairdo, or that you must be an idiot. Furthermore, an automatic Western smile is widely regarded as insincere.
Women in the entire former USSR area are traditionally treated with utmost respect. Female travellers should not act surprised or indignant when their Lithuanian male friends pay their bills at restaurants, open every door in front of them, offer their hand to help them climb down that little step or help them carry anything heavier than a handbag - this is not sexual harassment or being condescending to the weaker sex. Male travellers should understand that this is exactly the sort of behavior that most Lithuanian girls and women will expect from them, too.
In Lithuania, internal area codes consist of a zero mostly followed by 2 digits for the town, followed by 6 digits for the local subscriber number. Smaller towns have a zero and then 3 digits and the 5 digit local subscriber number. Vilnius has 7 digit numbers and just 05 as the city code. The national number's total length is always 8 digits if one excludes the initial zero (as one must, of course, when dialling from abroad).
To call abroad from Lithuania, the international access code is 00
International and roaming calls are expensive. To reduce your bill you can
Land line phones
There is monopoly operator for land line phones - TEO (now it belongs to "TeliaSonera AB"), a subsidiary of Sweden (Telia) and Finland (Sonera). Land line phones are easy to find in all country. Phones are used with cards, witch you can find in kiosks, "TEO" or newspaper stands.
Mobile phones
Numbers begin 06nnn, where the three digits "n" indicate the original network provider. There are three mobile phone operators in Lithuania: Omnitel, BITE and TELE 2. About 97% of the country's surface is covered by the standard European GSM 900/1800 MHz network, the remaining 3% are non-walkable forests.
If you're bringing a laptop, Wireless LAN Hot-Spots are available in distinct places (mostly "Zebra" from - TEO), sometimes free, otherwise not very cheap. Best chances of finding one are at airports, railway stations, in cafés, shopping malls, universities, various places. You can ask in your hotel, but be prepared to pay. For those who need to connect at an Internet cafes, major cities do have internet cafes. You can get free wireless Internet in Kaunas main pedestrian street - Laisvės Alėja. Internet speed in Lithuania is actually better than American internet speed. Download speed reaches 26.2 Mb/s, while upload speed is 16.8 Mb/s. Keep in mind that the internet service that provide such speeds are not free.
With your mobile phone you can use: CSD, HSCSD, GPRS or EDGE, but the cost may be unattractive. UMTS is only available in some bigger cities. If your phone is not SIM-locked, you may consider purchasing a pre-paid SIM card designed for data access.
If you want to communicate with your friends or locals using internet, you'll need two programs Skype or ICQ. The most popular chatting program is Skype, all of which can be used in English as well. As well in Lithuania social websites are getting very popular. The most popular is ONE.lt, second popular (>600,000 users) is Facebook. Myspace exists, but it is not widely used.


text:
Chicago-Kent College of Law established the Center
for Access to Justice & Technology (CAJT) to make
justice more accessible to the public by promoting the use
of the Internet in the teaching, practice and public access
to the law.
Please join us for an informal class picking discussion. Professor Staudt and several students in the Public Interest Certificate Program will be on hand to discuss requirements for the Certificate and the students will give their opinions of public interest elective courses. They will also answer your questions about professors and substantive material covered in the classes. Snacks will be provided.
Contact Jessica Bolack Frank at email@example.com with any questions.
Are you interested in directly interacting with people in need of legal assistance? The Self-Help Web Center (SHWC) is now recruiting student volunteers for this spring. Don't miss out on this valuable experience; sign up now! Even 1L students can gain real legal experience at the SHWC.
The Center for Access to Justice & Technology asks volunteers to donate a minimum of two hours of time per week at the Self-Help Web Center in the Cook County Clerk's Office for the Civil Division at the Daley Center. The SHWC is staffed by Chicago-Kent student volunteers who help pro se litigants complete online interviews resulting in completely assembled court documents. Volunteers also help litigants navigate the Daley Center and available public interest legal services around Chicago. Volunteering at the SHWC is a great way to learn about the Daley Center and the small claims legal process, and to get some experience interacting with people in need of legal help.
Please note: Students with federal work study awards may be compensated for this position if working a minimum of 4 hours per week.
For more information or to sign up for a shift, e-mail email@example.com or stop by room 775.
On November 28, the Illinois Supreme Court promulgated Supreme Court Rule 10-101, "Standardized Forms." Paragraph (a) of the new rule reads as follows: "The Illinois Supreme Court Commission on Access to Justice shall establish a process to develop and approve standardized, legally sufficient forms for areas of law and practice where the Commission determines that there is a high volume of self-represented litigants and that standardized forms will enhance access to justice."
The Center for Computer-Assisted Legal Instruction (CALI®) and the Center for Access to Justice & Technology (CAJT) at IIT Chicago-Kent unveiled the Access to Justice Clinical Course (A2J Clinic) Project to clinical professors on October 16. This new initiative exports clinical courses modeled off Professor Ronald W. Staudt's innovative Justice & Technology Practicum course to other law schools. The Justice & Technology Practicum teaches Chicago-Kent students how to develop document assembly tools for self-represented litigants using A2J Author® and explores access-to-justice issues, including the use of technology in law practice and legal services, alternative legal services delivery models, e-lawyering, unbundling and pro se litigant assistance.
Faculty members participating in the A2J Clinic Project will modify the curriculum to suit their school's needs, creating new course kits that CALI will offer to its member schools as a way of establishing A2J Clinics as a permanent part of the national law school curriculum. To learn more about the project and to view a model of Professor Staudt's Practicum course, visit a2jclinic.classcaster.net.
Chicago-Kent's Public Interest Certificate Program is currently accepting Letters of Intent. The J.D. Certificate in Public Interest Law requires:
For more information about any of our projects please email
or visit www.kentlaw.iit.edu/cajt.
Main Chicago-Kent event
Academic calendar
CLE calendar
Alumnae/i event calendar
Admissions calendar

subset: commoncrawl


text:
For sale: A fixer-upper with great ocean view
Old Saybrook - The 48-foot Saybrook Breakwater Light, featured on the state's "Preserve the Sound" license plates, is up for sale.
The lighthouse is one of 34 surviving "sparkplug" lighthouses, a round, offshore style of lighthouse commonly built in the late 1880s and early 1900s. Saybrook Breakwater Light is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, so when the Coast Guard decided that the structure was no longer critical to its operations, government agencies tried to find a qualified steward to preserve it.
"Historic lighthouses are unique in that they hold sentimental and tangible value as historic properties, and continue to serve as maritime aids to navigation," said Patrick Sclafani, a public affairs officer at the General Services Administration. "GSA works in partnership with the U.S. Coast Guard and the Department of Interior National Park Service to find new stewards to help preserve an important part of the nation's maritime history historic lighthouses."
Government agencies and certified nonprofits are eligible to become stewards, a job that requires the organization to open the lighthouse to the public at least occasionally. To qualify for stewardship, an applicant must be financially viable and capable of handling the maintenance and preservation needs of an historic lighthouse.
In the case of the Saybrook Breakwater Light, however, no applications were received from qualified stewards. So the GSA has put it up for auction. As of June 21, only two people had bid on the building, with the highest bid at $31,000.
Lighthouses have sold between $25,000 and $381,000, said Sclafani. The price can vary based on size, ease of access and condition.
The building's accessibility and condition are two factors that can deter potential lighthouse owners. GSA has held over 50 auctions for offshore lighthouses and successful bidders tend to be well-informed about the challenges of owning a lighthouse, said Meta Cushing, a GSA employee.
Their purchase "is an historic structure and remains a working navigational aid," explained Cushing. "All the lights need work. They have no utilities and often are difficult to access by boat. So the winners are resourceful and not afraid of the demands of these structures."
Saybrook Breakwater Light is accessible only by boat and subject to flooding by tidal surges, and the 2,750-foot stone breakwater it sits on is owned by the U.S. Coast Guard. It contains asbestos and may have lead-based paint, and pictures on GSA's website show rust on the white cast-iron structure. The new owner will also be responsible for maintaining the property in accordance with the Secretary of Interior's standards.
In addition to those challenges, the Coast Guard will have access to the structure once it is sold so that it can maintain the navigational aids. The lighthouse will continue to be operational, flashing a green optic beacon every six seconds and sound a fog signal blast every 30 seconds when necessary.
Several other lighthouses in the area have been recently identified for stewardship or sale by the Coast Guard. GSA is searching for a steward for New London Ledge Light Station, a 58-foot cubic brick lighthouse located at the entrance to the New London Harbor in Groton.
The nearby Race Rock Light, a Gothic Revival structure off Fishers Island, N.Y., will be transferred to the New London Maritime Society for stewardship at the end of June. The Maritime Society already owns Harbor Light in New London.
Never forgive, never forget: Trump once again bashes John McCain over health-care vote
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With cap on H-2B visas for foreign workers, businesses struggle to find summer employees


text:
Remembering Jack Hunt
Jack Hunt loved Thanksgiving Day. It was the day when his Ansonia Chargers hooked up with long-time rival Naugatuck. The importance of that game was driven into him playing for Ansonia under legendary coach Charles "Boots" Jarvis.
"He owned Thanksgiving," longtime Ansonia assistant John Sponheimer said of Hunt. "He went 17-2 on Thanksgiving against Naugatuck, which is by far the greatest rivalry Ansonia has had going back to 1900.
"Thanksgiving Day was always so important to Jack."
Hunt died from esophageal cancer an hour before the 114th meeting between Ansonia and Naugatuck. He was 67.
"It's ironic on a day that he owned," current Chargers coach Tom Brockett said.
Hunt is among the greatest figures in Ansonia football history as both a player and a coach. He took over as head coach in 1987 after the team finished 5-6.
The Chargers immediately rattled off three CIAC Class S championships. Hunt coached the team to seven, third-best in state history. He had a winning percentage of .881 (193-26), third-best all-time according to the Connecticut High School Football Record Book.
"The program was in the worst shape it had been in 20 years," Sponheimer said of when Hunt took over. "He got the program back where it was in the early seventies and early eighties."
Sponheimer knew Hunt when both where in high school. Sponheimer, who lived in neighboring Derby, played basketball at Notre Dame of West Haven.
"He was a fun guy," Sponheimer said. "He had a great sense of humor. He really enjoyed all kind of athletics. He played softball. For his size (6-foot-7), he was a very good golfer. We played in a number of member-guests at Race Brook (Country Club in Orange), where I'm a member. He had a nice touch for a big guy. He never made you feel uncomfortable with his presence.
"He was an Ansonia guy through-and-through. He went to Wichita State (for college), moved right back to Ansonia and lived in the same house for many years that he grew up in."
Hunt became an Ansonia assistant in 1971. Sponheimer came on board the following year. The two enjoyed a long and successful partnership that lasted until Hunt retired in 2005.
"He had a great understanding of the game, the ebb-and-flow," Hunt said. "When to be positive, when to be negative; when to go with the flow. You were never out of game, which helped us so much in the New London comeback in 1988 (the Class S title game).
"I think teams always played above their ability a lot of the time for Jack."
Brockett, a Lyman Hall of Wallingford graduate, joined Hunt's staff in 2000 after getting a job at the high school.
"I got to know Coach Hunt from being in the building, and he took me in," Brockett said. "It was one of the greatest thrills of my lifetime.
"He was a giant man who had a giant heart. He always had such great presence, such a great control of every situation. He was a great family man. I always marveled at the marriage he had with his wife, Denise.
"His faith, his family, and Ansonia football — those were the three things he loved."
Sponheimer said that one of Hunt's greatest thrills was when his son, John, became the team's defensive coordinator.
"He really put more time in on defense," Sponheimer said of Jack Hunt. "He had a great love for defense and was so intense about drefense.
"I think his happiest time, even though he had retired, was when John was the defensive coordinator."
Hunt found out in June that he had cancer. A benefit dinner was held for him on Oct. 21. His friends worried that he might get sick from being at the dinner for so long, but he refused to leave without talking with everyone who came to support him.
"He was just thrilled with that day," Brockett said. "It was a special day in his life. The way the community rallied around him, it was very important that he be there from start-to-finish.
"He fought a courageous battle."
Reader Comments
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The demolition of historical buildings in Stonington continues
Committee endorses bill to expand health coverage to undocumented youth


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[[Older EEB news|More...]]
[[Older EEB news|More...]]
Latest revision as of 01:51, 17 March 2011
- Sign up to meet with Steven Phillips, creator of Maxent, on Monday, March 21 or Tuesday, March 22 here. [1] Please consider joining us for dinner Monday night at the brewing company. Contact John Silander or Cory Merow if you're interested.
- Molly Letsch won the NEAS (Northeast Algal Society) Wilce Award April 17, 2010, for her presentation on chloroplast gene order in trebouxiophyte algae. The Wilce Award is given for the best graduate student presentation at the annual NEAS conference, which this year was held at Roger Williams University in Bristol, RI.
- EEB majors Kevin Burgio, Anne Ewert, Kaitlin Heenehan, and Nicole Stubbs are new initiates to Phi Beta Kappa for 2009-2010.
- EEB Undergraduate Colin Carlson co-authored his first scientific publication with Tobias Landberg describing a giant jawless snapping turtle
- Greenhouse staff member Dr. Matt Opel was recently elected to serve as President of the Connecticut Cactus and Succulent Society.
- Juan Carlos Villarreal has been awarded the Michael J. Hogan Graduate Summer Research Award.
- Kathryn Theiss has been awarded a fellowship from the Switzer Foundation.
- Jessica Budke received an award from the Botanical Society of America for graduate student research.
- Chris Owen won a graduate student research grant from the Society of Systematic Biologists to partially fund his May-July research stay in Australia working with Max Moulds on a monograph of the Australian Cicada genus Pauropsalta.
- Congratulations to Don Les, who was presented with the first CLAS Research Award in the Life Sciences at the CLAS graduation ceremony on May 10, 2009.
- Jessica Budke received a Stanley Greene award from the International Association of Bryologists for $1,100 to complete her dissertation research. She also received a $700 award from the American Microscopy Society allowing her to pursue her studies. A single award for a graduate student is given every year by the Society.
- April Lynn Rodd is a new initiate to Phi Beta Kappa. She is an EEB Major working in David Wagner's lab.
- Alejandro Rico Guevara won one of the best presentation awards at last week's joint meeting of the Wilson Ornithological Society and the Association of Field Ornithologists. The other presentation award went to Jason Hill '08 for a talk on his MS work.
- David Wagner was named a finalist for UConn's 2008-2009 Environmental Leadership Award. The awards are given to faculty, staff, students, organizations and teams for their proven dedication and outstanding contributions to a more environmentally aware and sustainable campus. Provost Peter Nicholls will present the awards to the winners on April 20th.
- Kevin Burgio, who is a University Scholar pursuing his honors thesis work in Margaret Rubega's lab, has been awarded a Goldwater Scholarship. "The Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship and Excellence in Education Program was established by the United States Congress in 1986 in honor of former United States Senator and 1964 presidential candidate Barry Goldwater, a Republican from Arizona. Its goal is to provide a continuing source of highly qualified scientists, mathematicians, and engineers by awarding scholarships to college students who intend to pursue careers in these fields.
The Scholarship is awarded to about 300 college sophomores and juniors nationwide a maximum of $7500 per academic year (for their senior year, or junior and senior years). The scholarship is awarded based on merit, the actual amount given is based on financial need. Competition for the Scholarship is exceedingly intense. Universities are allowed to nominate only four undergraduate students per year to receive the final Scholarship. As a result, the Scholarship is widely considered the most prestigious award in the U.S. conferred upon undergraduates studying the sciences. Through March 2006, Princeton University has had the most Goldwater Scholars with 64, followed by Harvard University (60), Duke University (58), Kansas State University (57), and the University of Chicago (53)."
- Kentwood Wells' book on The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians, published by the University of Chicago Press, has been named one of Choice magazine's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2008. There are 575 titles on the list in all fields, but only 12 in zoology. Choice magazine is used by many libraries to identify books to be added to their collections.
- Suegene Noh won a Student Competition for the President's Prize at the recent national meeting of the Entomological Society of America, in Reno. The award was for her talk at the session entitled Systematics, Evolution and Biodiversity: Behavior and Communication. The presentation she gave was "The inheritance of song and preference in hybrids between Chrysoperla carnea and C. agilis green lacewings."
- Joel R. Duff, JUAN CARLOS VILLARREAL, D.C. Cargill, & K.S. Renzaglia received the Sullivant award (recognizing the best paper in bryology published in the Bryologist) from the American Bryological and Lichenological Society for their paper entitled "Progress and challenges toward developing a phylogeny and classification of the hornworts" (2007; The Bryologist 110:214-243)
- Jang Kim received the First Place - Student Oral Presentation Award for his presentation titled "DESICCATION OF THE ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT GENUS Porphyra (=NORI) ALTERS NITROGEN METABOLISM IN A NOVEL WAY" at World Aquaculture 2008 in Busan, Korea.
- Leslie J. Mehrhoff was awarded the Gold Medal from the Massachusetts Horticultural Society "for eminent horticultural accomplishments in the horticulture industry,or for outstanding service to the Society" during a black tie dinner on June 12, 2008.
- Nanci Ross, Ph.D. student of Greg Anderson from the Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, won the Edmund H. Fulling Award for best student contributed oral paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Economic Botany. This, the 49th annual meeting of the Society, was held during the week of 2 June at Duke University. The title of Ms Ross' presentation was: "Impacts of ancient Maya forest gardens on Mesoamerican tree species composition".
- A paper by Rahbek, C., N. Gotelli, R. K. Colwell, G. L. Entsminger, T. F. L. V. B. Rangel, and G. R. Graves. 2007. Predicting continental-scale patterns of bird species richness with spatially explicit models. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B 274:165-174 has won The Smithsonian Institution's "2007 National Museum of Natural History Science Achievement Award," which is given to the best 3-5 papers authored by staff in the NMNH.


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Valve confirms indications from earlier this week that the downtime on the Steam Users' Forums was the result of a break-in, revealing that the Steam service itself also suffered an intrusion. Here is a message from Valve's Gabe Newell explaining the situation:
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Over the weekend we discovered the proposed nearby Five Guys restaurant opened its doors, finally giving me the chance to try one of these burgers I've heard so much raving about. The burger was certainly better than other fast food joints, and the fries were outstanding: This certainly makes up for the loss of the one nearby Fatburger, and is closer than that was to boot. They get high marks for using fresh ingredients, as well as for cooking everything, including the fries, to order, as there's no way to replicate that with heat lamps on pre-cooked food.
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9:30 am
Dinosaur Train "Night Train/Fossil Fred" Night Train - Dad, Buddy and Tiny take a special ride on the Dinosaur Train at night, learning about animals that are active after dark, culminating at the Big Pond for a nature walk under the full moon. Fossil Fred - Buddy, Tiny and Don play "detective" and search around the Big Pond for fossils. The kids end up finding an entire skeleton of a Jurassic dinosaur. D
10:00 am
Sesame Street "Squirmadega Car Race" Slimey is practicing for the Squirmadega Car Race. He zooms forward, backward, and around and around on the counter of Mr. Hopper's store. Elmo excitedly gets ready to watch Slimey in the worm car race. D
11:00 am
Daniel Tiger's Neighborhood "Prince Wednesday Goes to the Potty/Daniel Goes To The Potty" Prince Wednesday Goes to the Potty - Prince Wednesday is in the block corner at school building the "tallest tower in the world!" Even though he needs to go to the bathroom, he doesn't want to stop what he is doing. He learns how important it is to stop and go right away. Daniel Goes to the Potty - Dad's trumpet is broken, so he takes Daniel along to Music Man Stan's Shop to get it fixed. D
11:30 am
Sid The Science Kid "Sid Engineers A Solution" Sid has a big, big, big problem! He's trying to grab a cereal box located way up high on the kitchen shelf, but he just can't reach it. He tries using a stool, but he still can't grab it. He wants to know, how is he ever going to grab that cereal box??? At school, Sid and his friends encounter another problem. D
12:00 pm
WordWorld "Dog's Camping Adventure/V Is for Vacation" Dog's Camping Adventure: Pig and Frog take Dog on his first camping trip. When they lose one of the letters to their TENT, it's Dog who overcomes his fear and finds it in the dark forest.along with a monster! V is for Vacation: The weather is turning colder, and Duck is ready for his yearly vacation (migration). D
12:30 pm
Caillou "Outdoor Adventures" When Caillou, Grandpa and Daddy go on a canoe trip, Caillou is amazed to see a dragonfly, a blue heron, and a beaver working on his beaver lodge. While Caillou and his family are on a picnic at the park, his beach ball accidentally rolls into a pond. Caillou sees a family of ducks swimming in the pond and wants to take a closer look. D
1:00 pm
Barney & Friends "Riff's Musical Zoo/Boats" Riff's Musical Zoo - Everyone is excited about an upcoming trip to the zoo. When the trip is postponed, Riff decides to create a musical zoo. He gathers instruments that sound like real animals. D
1:30 pm
Thomas & Friends "Helpful Friends" Charlie & Eddie - Edward wants to show Charlie that he is a really fun engine instead of doing his job. Edward races off to the tracks telling Charlie jokes. A big mistake occurs when Edward takes Sir Topham Hatt's car to the Steam Works by mistake, but Kevin doesn't know how to fix cars, only steam engines. D
2:00 pm
Curious George "Monkey Size Me/Metal Detective" Monkey Size Me - It's hard being a little monkey in a big world. George tries to throw the Man with the Yellow Hat the perfect surprise party, but he orders a cake too big to fit in the freezer and he's too short to hang the decorations from the ceiling. George fantasizes about a life where everything is monkey-sized. D
2:30 pm
Martha Speaks "Martha Bakes/Martha Makes Scents" Martha Bakes - Helen is sad when her drawing doesn't win the art competition, so Mom decides to bake her a cake to cheer her up. Martha Makes Scents - Always on the lookout for a way to avoid bathing, Martha decides TD's dad OG should invent a perfume that will cover up her doggy scent.G
3:00 pm
The Electric Company "Friends Or Aunts" Annie Scrambler and her aunt go head-to-head with Lisa and Hector on a semi-popular game show. D
3:30 pm
WordGirl "Two Brains Quartet/Big's Big Bounce" Two Brains Quartet - For the city's centennial celebration the Mayor promises to unveil its 100 year old cheese wheel to the winner of the Barbershop Quartet Competition. Both the Botsford family and Dr. Two Brains are assembling talented groups. Will Dr. Two Brains be able to sing his way to victory and run away with the city's oldest and most valuable cheese? Vocabulary Words: Melodious, Quartet. D
4:00 pm
Wild Kratts "Little Howler" Chris and Martin are unpacking from an adventure and are surprised when a Wolf pup pops out of their bags. They have no idea where the little guy came from and must retrace their steps in order to return him back to his pack. They experience that wolves are a very social animal with a close pack structure and frequent visual and audio communication among individual members. D
4:30 pm
Cyberchase "A Piece of the Action" Digit disappears while visiting his friends the Scritters, so Motherboard sends Matt, Jackie and Inez to investigate. They discover that Hacker has found a supply of Magnetite, and will use it to fill up a rocket capable of erasing all of Motherboard's memory disks. Can the kids stop Hacker before he collects a hundred percent of the Magnetite he needs to launch the rocket, or will Motherboard be shut down once and for all?. D
5:00 pm
Fetch! With Ruff Ruffman "That Sculpture Isn't Yours, It's Mime" Ruff learns that he's horrible at charades. To help him figure out how to act without making a sound, he sends Emmie and Marc to meet some mimes. Then he sends Jay and Rubye to learn how to make sculptures that move called kinetic sculptures. D
5:30 pm
Nightly Business Report The U.S. sues to block a $20B beer deal. NBR's Darren Gersh takes a look at what's at stake and why regulators think it's a bad idea for the makers of Budweiser and Corona to merge. D
5:56 pm
NewsHour Promo NULL
6:00 pm
PBS NewsHour NULL
7:00 pm
Doc Martin "The Departed" On a train trip Martin is annoyed to be seated next to one of his patients, a sheep farmer named Jim Selkirk. Jim falls asleep, slumps onto Martin's shoulder and dies from heart failure. Mrs. Selkirk visits Martin and tells him she is now seeing visions of her dead husband. When she is found collapsed in her sheep pen, Martin is able to uncover the medical reason behind her hallucinations.G
8:00 pm
Outdoor Idaho "Rec Tech" Whether producing custom jet boats, some of the world's best-known knives, high-end fly fishing reels or calorie-packed and great-tasting energy bars, the people leading Idaho's recreation technology companies share one characteristic: They love Idaho's great outdoors. This episode features the adventurous men and women behind these innovations.G
8:30 pm
This American Land "Arctic White Geese, Veterans in the Great Outdoors, Tracking a Coral Killer" Snow geese and Ross' geese make a 3,000-mile migration each year, spending a month or so in eastern Oregon, feasting on grasses and bugs. OREGON FIELD GUIDE cameras have captured the beauty of thousands of these birds on their stopover to the Arctic.G
9:00 pm
Midsomer Murders "Ring Out Your Dead, Part 1" In Midsomer Wellow, the church bell-ringers are being murdered one by one. In hopes of winning a national striking competition, the determined bell group continues with rehearsals. As each is murdered, the killer leaves a line from a nursery rhyme by the body. Part 1 of 2G
10:00 pm
DCI Banks "Cold Is The Grave" Banks is asked by his boss, Chief Superintendent Gerry Rydell, to find Rydell's missing teenage daughter.G
11:30 pm
Charlie Rose NULL


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Fed up with Chrome almost always starting up with a complaint that it hadn't been shut down properly, I did a little Googling to see if the source of this problem could be identified. I found threads on this dating back years, with the most tried and true solution being to uninstall the browser, delete all its orphaned subdirectories, and start from scratch. Not having the time or inclination to subject myself to all that, I tried a secondary solution that involved deleting some .tmp files Chrome seems to have generated somewhere along the way. This seems to have mostly cured things, though I had a single incident since trying it. Hopefully this will stick, as it was a bit of a pain.
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This article extends the discussions in "Whole number dynamics I". Continuing the proof that, for all starting points, the Happy Number sequence goes into a loop or homes in on a fixed point.
In this third of five articles we prove that whatever whole number we start with for the Happy Number sequence we will always end up with some set of numbers being repeated over and over again.
Start with any whole number N, write N as a multiple of 10 plus a remainder R and produce a new whole number N'. Repeat. What happens?
The final of five articles which containe the proof of why the sequence introduced in article IV either reaches the fixed point 0 or the sequence enters a repeating cycle of four values.
An article which gives an account of some properties of magic squares.
The first of five articles concentrating on whole number dynamics, ideas of general dynamical systems are introduced and seen in concrete cases.
Solve this famous unsolved problem and win a prize. Take a positive integer N. If even, divide by 2; if odd, multiply by 3 and add 1. Iterate. Prove that the sequence always goes to 4,2,1,4,2,1...
Can you see how to build a harmonic triangle? Can you work out the next two rows?
What is the total number of squares that can be made on a 5 by 5 geoboard?
Find b where 3723(base 10) = 123(base b).
The diagram illustrates the formula: 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + (2n - 1) = n² Use the diagram to show that any odd number is the difference of two squares.
An account of some magic squares and their properties and and how to construct them for yourself.
Show that all pentagonal numbers are one third of a triangular number.
In 15 years' time my age will be the square of my age 15 years ago. Can you work out my age, and when I had other special birthdays?
Evaluate these powers of 67. What do you notice? Can you convince someone what the answer would be to (a million sixes followed by a 7) squared?
A blue coin rolls round two yellow coins which touch. The coins are the same size. How many revolutions does the blue coin make when it rolls all the way round the yellow coins? Investigate for a. . . .
How many ways can the terms in an ordered list be combined by repeating a single binary operation. Show that for 4 terms there are 5 cases and find the number of cases for 5 terms and 6 terms.
A walk is made up of diagonal steps from left to right, starting at the origin and ending on the x-axis. How many paths are there for 4 steps, for 6 steps, for 8 steps?
Libby Jared helped to set up NRICH and this is one of her favourite problems. It's a problem suitable for a wide age range and best tackled practically.


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Originally Posted by mrbelvidere2010: Online is not rigged at all. Anybody who says that is not being honest with themselves or they just suck. I play on Bovada (old Bodog) and have never had a problem cashing out.
Wow all these years I believed online poker was rigged!
Come to find out you have been playing on bovada and never had a problem cashing out.


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Posted on July 3, 2013
Today is the Third of July, or, as some of my friends call it, Fourth of July Eve. I don't know whether Uncle Sam slides down their chimney and leaves them sparklers and bottle rockets. I am too busy worrying about who's going to slide up to my door today, bringing me presents.
But you don't need to hear about my worries. Uncle Blogsy lives in a fantasy land of books and beauty, and you want to hear how the Smurf Month worked out. So this is just a jumble of updates to previous remarks.
We got another one of those boxes of books with the printout listing all the books that were in the box, PLUS a little note. The note was either to me, to be helpful, or to the donor, as a reminder. "All these books worth very little online", it said. Thanks for the hint.
In the world of boxes with odd inscriptions, we had the sweetest box come in. The original contents were sweeter, because it was a box from Palmer, the company renowned for its high quality chocolate Easter bunnies. Their trademark is a smiling Easter bunny face in the letter P for Palmer, and this rabbit, with all its associations of creamy milk chocolate, was shining out from each side of the box.
The box contained an assortment of books, but it had contained something else between the time the bunnies escaped and the books came to me, because right above the bunny's face on one side, the original owner had written 'WORLDS OF DARKNESS". Unless, of course, Palmer is setting up a new line of video games. (Zombie Easter bunnies: I wonder…nah, probably been done.)
I had an entirely unconvincing print of flowers: the colors were quite wrong, and arranged in a thoroughly foolish manner not at all representative of natural flowers. I was checking to see if I could find the artist's name and discovered this was, in fact, a set of pressed dried flowers. I'm a bookman, not a botanist.
Someone offered to bring me a toaster and a blender. I believe I said something about household items not being one of our core collections here at the Book Fair. Besides, everybody has a blender. I think they're issued with marriage certificates these days. Single people who own blenders get them because some bridal couples have friends with no imagination, and wind up with five.
A book came in inscribed "To X, in memory of the night at Ravinia when we lay out under the stars and dreamed of romance…with other people." I kinda wonder how that story worked out, because the date under that was in the early 1980s. X hung onto that book for a while. It was either true love or the murder weapon.
We have been offered a book donation by a real Chicago celebrity, but I can't tell you who it is: bot so much because she wouldn't like it but because I'm so short of pick-up drivers I might miss out. Honest, if you called before July 3, I am trying to get your books picked up for this year's Fair. I just need to think of a way to do it without any of the volunteers shooting me. Bullet holes clash with my carefree lifestyle.
Which reminds me: I must just go get those extra wheelbarrows. Today is July 3.


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|This item may be eligible for
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|Manufacturer: Hickory #P794-OAK
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Does this product qualify for FREE SHIPPING?All Top Knobs, Alno, Amerock, Becker, Belwith, Hickory, Berenson, Decorite, Fulterer, Houck, Liberty, Rev-A-Shelf, Tresco, US Futaba, Jeffrey Alexander products are shipped together from a single warehouse.
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MILLSTADT, IL 62260 Phone: (618) 476-1145
ECHO has been a leading innovator and manufacturer of outdoor power equipment for over 45 years. Who depends on ECHO equipment? Professional landscapers and arborists who require day in and day out performance, and homeowners who demand quality equipment that works when it's time to get the job done. Every purchase comes with our standard 5-year consumer and 2-year commercial warranty (chain saws have a 1-year commercial warranty) – you don't need to buy anything extra. Visit HARTMANN TURF AND TRACTOR to see firsthand our full line of gas powered string trimmers, leaf blowers, chain saws, power edgers and more.
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Our Customers Come First
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ECHO X Series
The X Series represents ECHO's "Best-in-Class" products geared for the professional user. Learn more about the entire expansive line-up.
Along with the ECHO X Series, the company manufactures a full line of professional-grade equipment: from chain saws and trimmers to blowers and edgers. Visit HARTMANN TURF AND TRACTOR or our web site.
Red Armor™ Oil and Fuel
Performance Above All. The Red Armor family of products is designed to remove performance-robbing deposits with the first use. They also clean existing deposits, promote longer life, reduce repair costs and provide less downtime. Learn More Here.


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Tax, title, license and dealer fees (unless itemized above) are extra. Not available with special finance or lease offers. Prices may not reflect dealer installed options or equipment. Contact us for complete details. Tax, title, license (unless itemized above) are extra. Not available with special finance, lease and some other offers.
New CARS IN Rosenberg, TX
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Welcome to Finnegan Chevrolet Buick GMC. We have a great selection of new and used cars for Houston drivers near Rosenberg to choose from. Use the search above to find the vehicles you're interested and get detailed information. Whether you're looking for the latest models from Chevrolet or a quality used car, truck or SUV, you'll find it at Finnegan Chevrolet Buick GMC. We're convenient for drivers coming from Houston, Katy or Sugar Land. If you can't find exactly what you're looking for, give us a call at 281-725-6068 or send us an email. We'd be happy to help you find the vehicle you want.


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Funeral services for Liz will be held Nov. 17 at 2 p.m. at Wilson-Robison Funeral Home, England. Visitation will be Nov. 16 from 6-8 p.m. at the funeral home.
Elizabeth "Liz" Hansell, 82, passed away of natural causes at her home in Humnoke, on Nov. 12, 2012, surrounded by family members at her bedside.
She was born June 30, 1930, in Gumwoods Township, Lonoke County to Robert Odie and Mary Ella Underwood. She married Jesse Paul "Giggs" Hansell on Aug. 21, 1949.
She is survived by her daughters and their husbands, Paula Rail and Danny, Sandra Freund and Robert, Vickie Raker and James, and her son and his wife, Roger Hansell and Mary Anne. "Granny" is survived by her grandchildren and their spouses, Cindy Lock, Beth Rail, Paul Freund and Sara, Jessica Maynard and Blake, Brooke Jackson and Scott, and Misty Hansell. "Big Granny" is also survived by her great-grandchildren, Andrea Lock, Dalton Rail, Lauren Maynard, Cameron Maynard, Haley Freund, Caitlyn Freund, Willa Jackson, and Kaydence Manuel. She is survived by her sisters and their spouses, Mary Lee Vaught and Leon, Frances England and David, and her brothers and their spouses, Clarence and Dorothy Underwood, Lewis and Betty Underwood. Liz is preceded in death by her husband, Jesse Paul Hansell; her parents, Robert Odie and Mary Underwood; and siblings Figi Underwood, Audrey Skinner, Dorothy Ingle, Kenneth Underwood and Gene Underwood.
Liz was a life long member of Rowes Chapel Church of Humnoke.
After her retirement from Remington Arms, she actively pursued her love of vegetable and flower gardening. She loved canning the vegetables and preserving jams and jellies to give to her family and friends. Nothing made Liz happier than big family gatherings, which allowed her to prepare delicious meals for the enjoyment of family, as well as for invited friends. Liz could always be found in front of her TV when the Razorbacks were playing. She was a highly enthusiastic fan of the team. She loved and found great joy in spending time with small children. She shared many happy stories of visits from young neighbors, Benjamin and Noah Fulmer.
Funeral services for Liz will be held Nov. 17 at 2 p.m. at Wilson-Robison Funeral Home, England. Visitation will be Nov. 16 from 6-8 p.m. at the funeral home. Interment will follow the service at Flynn Cemetery. Wilson-Robison Funeral Home of England, (501) 842-3901, is in charge of the arrangements.
Thank you to the many family members, friends, neighbors, medical caregivers and others who loved, helped and visited her, and in so many ways enriched her life. A special thank you to the family, neighbors and her church family who brought happiness into her life. She loved all of them so very much. "Don't be ashamed to weep; 'tis right to grieve…Tears are water, and flowers…need water and sunshine to grow. A wounded heart will heal in time, and when it does, the memory and love of our lost ones is sealed inside to comfort us."


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|Clara G
Short review: I enjoyed everything this site had to offer, not only was the layout/theme to presentation fitting of the material and the personality of this blonde babe, but the action held within the image sets and videos was great. She exudes so much power behind her pornographic displays it spoke volumes for her character and would really make you feel who would be in charge when sharing her bed.
Content Amount: The numbers were minimal for set count to this site, but they do let you know there are updates done on a weekly basis, so area will grow nicely in time. Images are bundled into the same page as the video presentations, so their numbers are matching.


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Outlook has rewritten the way news and general interest magazines are presented in India. It is comprehensive yet concise and crisp, investigative and bold in its approach. Outlook, an independent, opinionated magazine always in search of the truth, covers an array of topics ranging from current affairs, socio-economic issues, politics, lifestyle, entertainment, sports and international features. Outlook has won a myriad of awards including the prestigious "International Press Institute" Award for Excellence in Journalism.