text:
Whittling Chip Course
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
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The Whittling Chip is an award for Wolf, Bear and Webelos Scouts. Here is an example course to follow for Scouts
The requirements to earn the Whittling Chip card and patch are:
Complete [Bear Achievement 19, Shavings and Chips]
- Know the safety rules for handling a knife.
- Show that you know how to take care of and use a pocketknife.
- Make a carving with a pocketknife. Work with your den leader or other adult when doing this.
Demonstrate knowledge and skill in the use of a pocketknife.
- Close the blade with the palm of your hand.
- Never use a knife on something that will dull or break it.
- Be careful that you do not cut yourself or any person nearby.
- Never use a knife to strip the bark from a tree.
- Do not carve your initials into anything that does not belong to you.
Take the Pocketknife Pledge:
- I will treat my pocketknife with the respect due a useful tool.
- I will always close my pocketknife and put it away when not in use.
- I will not use my pocketknife when it might injure someone near me.
- I promise never to throw my pocketknife for any reason.
- I will use my pocketknife in a safe manner at all times.
Whittling Chip Course
This Whittling Chip course is designed to be taught over two classes, lasting approximately 1 hour each. The length of the course may vary depending on how many Scouts are in the Den.
The first class of the course introduces Scouts to knives, knife safety and some basic principles. They will also have an opportunity to whittle a shape out of soap using a butter knife. Between the first and second class the Scouts will work with their parents at home to make a carving. The second course reviews what was learned in the first part of the course and allows Scouts to work with each other. At the end of the second class Scouts (with written permission) will be presented with their Whittling Chip cards. The Whittling Chip patch will be presented at a Pack meeting.
Class I
- What is a Knife?
First, a knife is a tool not a toy. It is not something to use during playtime. It is not something to use to threaten other people with. Knives are to help you complete a task.
Knives come in many shapes and sizes. Some have only one blade. Others may many blades and tools. Some are small; some are big. Generally, a good Scouting knife will have blade, a punch, a can opener and a screwdriver blade in a foldable design. The blade is usually a little over 2" long. Such a knife is usually all that a resourceful Cub Scout will need.
- Hands On Demonstration:
Display a variety of knives. Explain knife uses and which a Cub Scout can carry. Cub Scouts are only allowed to carry pocketknives on Scout activities. If other knives are needed, kitchen knives for example, they will be brought and used by adults. Display a fixed blade (sheath or hunting) knife. Explain that a pocketknife will do almost anything these knives do. Show how a sheath knife attached to the belt could injure someone by bending over with the sheath pointed against the leg and/or the sheath pointed up toward the stomach. Demonstrate that if someone was to grab the knife from its sheath, the natural reaction is to grab the knife, which could result in severe cuts. Cub Scouts should not need to carry a fixed blade (sheath) knife.
Display a variety of pocketknives. Display straight edge and serrated blades. Show that some have only a few blades and some have many. Explain that many of the extra blades are seldom used or don't work well. Example: Having fork and spoon blades on the knife would mainly be useful when backpacking, at other times you usually have better silverware available. They should learn the proper way to use each blade on their knife. Display a pair of scissors. Show how these are two knife blades that cut against each other. Explain that they should be treated with the same respect and safety rules as any other knife.
Display various kitchen knives like a table knife, paring knife, bread knife, and a butcher knife. Explain what they are used for. Explain that since they will probably use these in a kitchen in the future, they should be treated with the same respect and safety rules. Display a lock blade knife. Explain that the lock is a safety feature that keeps the blade from accidentally closing on the fingers. These may be better for the boys if they can release the lock easily enough. Some locks are hard to release and could result in an injury if the knife slips while trying to release the lock.
- Getting started using a knife
If an accident happens
- Always tell an adult ¬¬especially if someone was injured and is bleeding.
- If the cut is minor, clean and treat it according to First Aid rules. If the cut is serious, get help quick. If you get "stabbed" by more than about ¼" of the knife blade, do not pull it out unless you have too. The knife blade will help keep pressure on the wound and prevent heavy bleeding.
- Safe Zone
Before you open or use your knife, you need to be sure that the area around you is safe and secure. Establish a "safe zone" or "blood circle" around you to protect yourself and other people and animals.
Do this:
- Choose a spot with fairly level ground
- Make sure that there are no small children or pets close by, even if they are outside of your safe zone
- Stand up with one arm out by your side, holding your CLOSED knife
- Slowly rotate yourself around
- If you hit something or someone, move until you can do this without interference
- Make sure that nothing or no one is in the imaginary circle that creates
- If you are going to sit, make sure that you have something steady and secure ¬¬the ground works really good for this
- If you are going to stand, make sure that your feet and secure and that the area is not slippery or contains items that may trip you if you move
Once you can do this, you have established your safe zone. At any time after you begin using your knife, the safe zone becomes unsafe, immediately stop and close your knife until it is safe again.
- Hands on Demonstration:
Explain to the boys that anytime they are using a knife they should have a "safety zone" around them. Demonstrate holding your arm out as far as possible holding an object like a ruler and turning around. The boys should learn that whenever they are using a knife, they should be the only person in their safety zone. If someone else enters their circle for any reason they should close their knife and lay it down.
Explain to them that they are also responsible for anyone entering the circle, even from behind, so unless they have eyes in the back of their head, suggest that they always work with a wall behind them. Show them how someone could surprise them from behind and if they turn quickly holding a knife, they could hurt someone.
- How to safely open a knife
Be sure that you establish your "safe zone" before you open your knife. Hold the knife in one hand, with the blade side facing away from you, and open the blade with your other hand. Most blades have a small semi¬circle cut into the blade near the top to give you better hold on the blade while opening it. You can use your fingernail or grab that edge with your fingers to pull the blade open. Be sure to hold the sides of the knife firmly as you open the blade. It is often easier to open if you pull both the blade and the knife apart at the same time ¬¬use a motion similar to those of bird wings flapping up.
Never sling the knife to "pop open" the blade. Be sure that the blade opens all the way; some will "click" when the blade is fully opened. If necessary, immediately turn the knife so that the point and blade edge face away from you.
- Before you use it
Before you use your knife, do a quick inspection. If the knife handle or blade is loose, do not use it until it can be repaired. If the knife blade is cracked, broken or chipped, do not use the knife.
If the knife is too small for your hands or too heavy to easily control, do not use the knife.
- How to safely handle a knife
It is important that you learn how to correctly and properly handle a knife.
Do's •Remember to keep the knife closed when not being used •Remember to keep the knife in your pocket •Always hold the knife in the same hand that you would hold a pencil in •Always keep the blade point and edge away from you ¬¬and anyone else who may be near •Hold the knife tightly, but not so tight that you knuckles turn white •If you have to carry an open knife (or scissors), always walk carefully with the blade pointed away from you and to the side •Always cut or carve by moving the knife blade away from you
Don'ts •When a knife blade is opened, never hold the knife by the blade, but always by the handle •Never run or jump with the knife blade open •Never use a knife to dig in the dirt •Never cut the bark from a live tree •Never carve on anything that does not belong to you •Never throw your knife •Never pry with your knife •Never use the blade as a screwdriver •Never leave your knife lying where a younger child could get it
- If you drop a knife
If you accidentally drop an open knife, never try to catch it. Quickly step back and wait until it fails to pick it up. Before you use it again, always inspect the knife and blade for any damage.
- Passing a knife
Whenever you need to pass the knife to another person, always close the knife first. Never throw the knife. While holding one end of the knife, allow the person to get hold of the other end of the knife. Do not release your hold on the knife until the person taking it from you says "Thank You". This indicates that the other person realizes that they are receiving the knife and are ready to accept responsibility for it. After hearing the "Thank You", say "You're Welcome" as you release the knife. This indicates that you have released the responsibility for the knife to the other person.
If you must pass a "fixed" or non¬closing knife, firmly hold the dull side of the knife blade while extending the knife handle to the other person. Never throw the knife. Allow that person to grasp the knife blade and say "Thank You" before releasing the blade. The other person should hold the knife steady until you have released your hold on the knife.
- Hands on Exercise:
Use a plastic silverware knife. Apply a small amount of bright red lipstick along the cutting edge. Show the boys how to hold the knife by the back (dull) side of the blade and pass it to another person, handle first using the same "thank you – you're welcome". After passing the knife around to everyone, including parents, check for lipstick on everyone's hands. Any lipstick marks indicate that the person could have been cut by a sharp blade.
- How to safely close a knife
Wipe the blade clean. Hold the knife handle so that the point and edge of the blade are facing away from you and your fingers are not under the blade. If the blade has a lock, disengage the lock with your other hand. Slowly close the blade with the palm of your hand against the back of the blade. Once closed, place the knife back into your pocket for added safety.
- How to cut
Hold the knife in the hand that you use to write with. This is your dominate hand and you will be able to better control the knife with this hand. Grasp the handle with your whole hand. Position the blade at a slant, pointing away from you. To cut, begin the cut then move the blade away from your body. If this is not possible, position yourself to the side of the object you are cutting. If you are cutting completely thru something, be aware of what is under the object you are cutting. Cutting on rock, dirt, metal, some plastics, etc. can dull the knife blade as the cut is made. Always use something that 'gives' under the object (such as cardboard or a cutting board).
If you are carving or whittling, always hold the object you are cutting securely in front of you, place the blade against the object and apply slight pressure while moving the blade away from your body. It is better to make several cuts using light pressure than one cut by forcing the blade.
- Hands on Exercise:
Let the boys practice carving on soft bar of soap with wooden craft stick knives or plastic tableware knives. This will allow them to start getting the feel of using a knife. Show the boys how to cut long thin shavings by cutting at the proper angle. Also show them how to carve out chips by making the first cut down into the soap and making a second angled cut until it reaches the first cut. Watch to see that they are cutting off the thin shavings and small chips like they should. This will also let you catch some possible safety problems early and with less chance of a serious cut.
After the Scout has demonstrated good aptitude with the soap carving project, you can let them try their hands at carving and whittling wood. A good choice is balsa as it is lightweight and not to "tough". It is a good idea to have some simple shapes (such as ice cream cones, cowboy hats or boots, etc) that can be traced onto the wood for a pattern. If you choose to do smaller patterns, you can mount the finished carvings onto a small piece of PVC and make neckerchief slides.
Please work with your Scout at home in making a carving with his pocketknife and bring the carving to Class II to share with his fellow Scouts.
Class II
- How to care for a knife
Keep the knife clean and dry. Keeping the knife clean and dry will help prevent rust and keep the knife from getting "tight". Rust will cause the knife to become dull and can make the blade weak. If a knife has become wet, be sure that it is completely dried. If possible, rub a thin coat of oil on the metal parts to help prevent rust and ensure that the knife opens smoothly. Never clean the knife is a dishwasher, always clean by hand. It is OK to use dish soap on the blade, but be sure that it gets completely rinsed and dried.
If you will be using the blade to cut food, be sure that the knife gets cleaned both before and after use. Knives can become dirty from being carried in your pocket. Also, be sure that the knife is properly cleaned to prevent cross contamination of food items. Keep the knife sharp
Be sure your knife is sharp. A sharp knife is safer to use than a dull knife because it does not require as much force to cut. Using too much force can cause the blade to slip, possibly resulting in an injury. The tip of the blade is often the part that dulls the quickest. This is because it is often in contact with other surface materials as you cut. When sharpening, be sure that you remember to sharpen the tip.
Sharpen the knife using stones usually called whetstones. These stones come in many sizes and "grits", which describe the size of the stone's particles. Rougher grits have smaller numbers and mean that their stones are made of large particles. These stones are used for grinding and repairing the edge of the blade, not for fine sharpening. Smoother grits have larger numbers, meaning that the stones are made of smaller particles. The larger the number, the finer the edge the stone will produce. These are the sharpening stones. Whetstones require some type of lubricant. Some use oil and some use water. Water stones are more practical because water is more easily obtained in most places.
Sharpening Steps 1. Place the stones on a level surface. 2. Wet the stone with a little water or oil. 3. Place the blade of the knife flat on the stone, then raise the back edge about the width of the blade itself, keeping the cutting edge on the stone. 4. Draw the knife straight back toward you, or move it straight back and forth putting pressure on it only when you pull it toward you. This is always better than moving it in a circular fashion. 5. Turn the blade over and repeat on the other side an equal number of times. 6. Repeat steps 1 thru 5 on a finer grit stone until the knife has a smooth, sharp edge. 7. If you have some leather available, you can use this to finish the edge by dragging the blade edge along the leather. Repeat the same number of strokes on each side of the blade.
- Hands on Practice
Allow the Scouts to "practice" knife sharpening using a home¬made stone and knife. Use a wood block with sandpaper glued to it and sharpen a craft stick into a knife shape. Show the boys how to angle the blade against the stone (or stick against the sanding block) to produce a sharp edge. Explain the importance of sharpening equally on both sides of the blade to prevent an uneven edge.
- Cleaning your knife
Cleaning your knife is very important, if you let too much grime, grease, and grit build up, then it will be harder to clean your knife. Keep it as clean as you can while out in the field and do a more thorough job when you get home. Additionally, always keep the hinges of your knife lubricated either with light cooking oil, sewing oil or WD-40. Regularly check your knife for trouble spots. Inspect the blade for areas of rust. As soon as you see any rust spots you should immediately clean them. Inspect the handle. You are looking for any build up of dust, dirt or grime. Especially inspect along the inside of the blade bed as well as around any pivot points.
To clean your knife, unfold all the blades. Using either a cotton swab, corner of a towel or a toothbrush, apply lubricant to the knife. The lubricant helps loosen any gunk or buildup on the knife. Use the toothbrush to scrub any hard-to-get places. Wipe off the excess (now dirty) oil with a towel and apply a drop of clean lubricant to the hinges. Apply a layer of oil to the blades and wipe of the excess oil.
- Knife Safety Quiz
As a check to ensure that all Scouts understand the topics discussed as part of this course, have them complete a knife safety quiz. You can choose to have each Scout take the test individually or complete the quiz as a group. If you choose the group option, it may be good to have a completed copy of the quiz to send home with each Scout for later review.
- Whittling Chip Pledge
Now that you have completed the knife safety course, you are eligible to be awarded the Whittling Chip. The final requirement in the course is that you agree to abide by the safe knife policy by signing the "Safe Knife Pledge".
After the course
Now that your Scout has earned his Whittling Chip, he can bring his pocket knife to Scouting functions when the leadership deems it appropriate.
Please note - it is never appropriate to bring the knife to school for a Pack or Den function.
If you will be buying your Scout a knife, here are a couple of suggestions. Please take the time to find a knife that you feel will be appropriate for your Scout.
- A single blade, lock back knife may be a good knife for your Scout. However, if they are not strong enough to release the lock it may make the knife dangerous.
- Stay away from the Swiss Army style knives, the simpler the better and these large knifes might not properly fit the hand of younger Scouts.
- We also suggest staying away from serrated knives as the serrations are hard to sharpen.
- Absolutely no fixed blades.
- It is a good idea to purchase a sharpening stone to keep his knife sharp.
Additional Materials
Knife Safety Quiz
Part I: Circle the correct answer True / False 1. A knife is NOT a toy. True / False 2. A dull knife is safer than a sharp knife. True / False 3. Dirt on a knife blade helps keep it sharp. True / False 4. Never carve your initials on anything that does NOT belong to you. True / False 5. When someone hands you a knife you say "Thank You" to show good manners. True / False 6. A knife is handy for cutting bark off trees. True / False 7. A pocketknife should always be closed when it is not in use. True / False 8. It's okay to keep your knife wet. True / False 9. A Cub Scout can take his knife to a pack meeting at the school if school is out. True / False 10. You should carry your open knife in your pocket. True / False 11. You should close the blade with the palm of your hand True / False 12. A Cub Scout should carry a fixed blade knife if it is kept in a sheath.
Part II: Fill in the blank 1. Close the blade with the ________________ of your hand. 2. A __________________ should never be used on something that will dull or break it. 3. People watching you work with your knife should not enter your __________ __________. 4. Your knife should always be kept ___________ and _________. 5. Scissors should be handled with the same safety rules as a ____________. 6. Always ________ when carrying a knife or scissors.
Part III: Circle the correct answer 1 Always keep your knife ( dry / wet ) so it will not rust. 2 When using a knife, do not make ( big / little ) shavings or chips. 3 A ( dull / sharp ) knife is more likely to cut you. 4 A Cub Scout ( can / cannot ) take his knife to a den meeting at school if it is held outside. 5 A knife should be cleaned ( before / after ) cutting food. 6 A fixed blade knife or scissors should be passed to another person ( blade / handle ) first.
The Pocketknife Pledge (fill in the blanks) I understand the reason for ________________________________________ rules. I will treat my pocketknife with the ______________________________ due a useful tool. I will always __________________________ my pocketknife and put it away when not in use. I will not use my pocketknife when it might _______________________ someone near me. I ______________________________ never to throw my pocketknife for any reason. I will use my pocketknife in a safe manner at ________________________times. Choices: Close Respect Injure Promise All Safety
Knife Safety Quiz Answers
Part I: Circle the correct answer True 1. A knife is NOT a toy.
False 2. A dull knife is safer than a sharp knife. False 3. Dirt on a knife blade helps keep it sharp.
True 4. Never carve your initials on anything that does NOT belong to you. False 5. When someone hands you a knife you say "Thank You" to show good manners. False 6. A knife is handy for cutting bark off trees. True 7. A pocketknife should always be closed when it is not in use. False 8. It's okay to keep your knife wet. False 9. A Cub Scout can take his knife to a pack meeting at the school if school is out. False 10. You should carry your open knife in your pocket. True 11. You should close the blade with the palm of your hand False 12. A Cub Scout should carry a fixed blade knife if it is kept in a sheath. Part II: Fill in the blank 1 Close the blade with the __PALM__ of your hand. 2 A __POCKETKNIFE__ should never be used on something that will dull or break it. 3 People watching you work with your knife should not enter your __SAFE__ __ZONE__. 4 Your knife should always be kept __CLEAN__ and __DRY__. 5 Scissors should be handled with the same safety rules as a __KNIFE__. 6 Always __WALK__ when carrying a knife or scissors.
Part III: Circle the correct answer 1 Always keep your knife ( dry ) so it will not rust. 2 When using a knife, do not make ( big ) shavings or chips. 3 A ( sharp ) knife is more likely to cut you. 4 A Cub Scout ( cannot ) take his knife to a den meeting at school if it is held outside. 5 A knife should be cleaned ( before / after ) cutting food. 6 A fixed blade knife or scissors should be passed to another person ( handle ) first.
The Pocketknife Pledge (fill in the blanks) I understand the reason for __SAFETY__ rules. I will treat my pocketknife with the __RESPECT__ due a useful tool. I will always __CLOSE__ my pocketknife and put it away when not in use. I will not use my pocketknife when it might __INJURE__ someone near me. I __PROMISE__ never to throw my pocketknife for any reason. I will use my pocketknife in a safe manner at __ALL__ times.
Whittling Chip Certification (scouting.org)


text:
Please post your accomplishments with your Buffalo devices here. New entries should be added to the end.
08:46, 6 July 2006 (EDT)
Model: Linkstation 1
- Bootloader: UBoot 2.01 (LNI)
- running 184.108.40.206 + telnet/ftp/root-enabled firmimg.bin in flash
- foonas svn 1062 + 2.6.22 on hdd
- 1 Printer in Front-USB-Port
- 2 USB-HDDs via a USB-Hub in the Back-USB-Port
- soldered header for JTAG + i have a JTAG cable created by tampakuro
What I use it for:
- Kernel-NFS - recording from my dbox2
- Filesharing - with Mldonkey/transmissioncli
- wget4web - an Webinterface for wget
- vsftp-server
- SVN-Server
Model: Linkstation 1
- Bootloader: UBoot 2.01 (LNI)
- Development box for testing
Model: Linkstation Pro
- FreeLink
- serial-access
- Development box for testing
Model: Kurobox HG
- JTAG headers soldered - unbricked via JTAG
11:57, 6 July 2006 (EDT)
Model: Linkstation HG
- Freelink running Debian Testing with Kernel 2.6.16 via loader.o
What I use it for:
- Windows file sharing using Samba (stream movies from Windows XP Media Center PC)
- BitTorrent - with Mldonkey and sancho gui web interface
- Webmin & VNC for easy admin interface
- Lighttpd instead of Apache
- MySQL
- Gallery 2 for personal photo album
- Dyndns updater, ddclient
Future plans:
Retire x86 debian server setup with the following software and use Linkstation instead:
- Wiki for hockey team
Ramuk 17:38, 14 August 2008 (BST)
- Linkstation HG 250
- Freelink powerpc hdhglan 1.11
- Linux LinkStation 126.96.36.199 #52
- Kuro HG 750
- Freelink powerpc hdhglan 1.11
- Linux LinkStation 188.8.131.52-kuroboxHG
- Kuro HG 180
- OpenLink 0.73b
- U-boot bootloader
- Linux (none) 184.108.40.206-svn365-dirty375 #21
- Kuro Pro 320
- Armel Debian for the Kurobox Pro - Manual install
- Kernel 2.6.26
- Kuro Pro 80
- Armel Debian for the Kurobox Pro - Manual install
- Kernel 184.108.40.206
What I use them for:
- Encrypted Filespace with EncFS
- To stream video and photos to My XBMC - Using Xbox Media Center with the LinkStation
- Mtdaapd/Firefly to create a Music Share. for the XBMC
- Display Linkstation status on a USB Palm OS Device as an LCD Display with the PalmOrb emulator.
- Download Podcasts with Bashpodder
- Stream MP3s to an Airport Express using RAOP-play
- Media and Shared storage for my computers over Samba
- Using Thttpd as a in house webserver to serve photos using Album - Photo gallery generator which has theme support
- Change to a 750GB Seagate PATA Drive originally a 250GB Drive
- Alpha 220 LED Sign
10:26, 14 July 2006 (EDT)
Model: Linkstation 2
- Openlink
What i use it for:
- SMB/CIFS-Server for my Siemens M740AV DVB-T Receiver
- NFS-Server for dbox2 mplayer (Photo/MP3)
- ggrab(sserver) for dbox2 recordings
- DNS Server
Future plans:
- VoIP Server
- UPNP AV Server for M740AV/PC-System/Pocket-PC
15:40, 16 July 2006 (GMT)
Model: Linkstation 2
- Openlink
What i use it for:
- Streaming music to Sonos music system.
- Printer server.
- DDClient - dynamic DNS client.
Future plans:
- Webmail client.
- Photo album.
00:49, 12 September 2006 (WEST)
Model: Linkstation 2
- latest freelink for LS2 (060810 firmware)
- 1 Printer (HP laserjet 1010 usb) in Back-USB-Port
What I use it for:
- SMB fileserver - with samba
- Filesharing - with Mldonkey using sancho gui
- Web server - with Apache
- web based configuration - with Webmin
- dyndns.org client - with ddclient
- print server - with CUPS
Future plans:
- FTP server
- ...
19:39, 13 September 2006 (GMT)
Model: Linkstation 2
- latest freelink for LS2
What I use it for:
- SMB fileserver - Media and Shared storage for my computers over Samba
- Filesharing - with Mldonkey using sancho gui
- Web based configuration - with Webmin
- FTP server - with vsftpd
What I think so far:
- Bl00dy impressed.
Future plans:
- Mail Server
08:18, 21 January 2009 (CET)
Model: Linkstation Live 1000
- latest freelink for LSPro
What I use it for:
- SMB/NFS fileserver
- Filesharing - with Mldonkey using sancho gui
- Web server - with Apache, PHP & MySQL
- Web based configuration - with Webmin
- FTP server - with Proftpd
Harddisk upgraded from 500GB to 1000GB (WD Caviar Green - WD10EADS)
08:57, 20 November 2006 (EDT)
Model: Linkstation 2
What I've done to it:
- Added Serial port
- Added JTAG Port
- Read, write, and erase the entire flash contents via JTAG
- Fully tested JTAG software on it
Future plans:
- Add USB ports
- Add microcontroller programming interface
- Test upcoming U-Boot port
- Ship it off to the next hacker in line
Davy Gravy
Models - Current: LS-HG stock, LS-HG w/ FreeLink, KuroBox HG ; Previous: LS2
What I've done/basic mods:
- Tried out stock firmware, moved to OpenLink for short while, now using FreeLink/Debian & 2.6 kernel
- Flashed the KuroHG and one LS-HG w/ UBoot
- Flashed that LS-HG w/ 22.214.171.124 kernel/firmimg.bin
- moved away from the Buffalo-Installer to Kuro-style installs w/ roomy hda1 partitions
- hda3 partitions w/ XFS and JFS filesystem formats]], since they give a higher transfer rate - around 12.5MB/sec sustained
I use the modded HG for:
- basic NAS for my family
- Webmin w/ Syncmin module for automatic backups onto an attached/removable USB HD
- Firefly Music Server for our Roku, for mp3s and internet radio
- run hpodder each morning for our favorite podcasts via Roku
- running Mediaripper on for automated MP3 conversion
I picked up a used LS1 on eBay for about $25:
- put U-Boot, foonas, and foonas-em on it
- added Transmission (bittorrent client) and p910nd (printserver)
- use it in tandem w/ a Buffalo Router (running Tomato)
- these two devices replace my Apple AirPort BaseStation Extreme
The KuroHG is used for:
- NAS for my student's projects at work/school
- as a learning tool for Linux, C/C++ and programming in general
Next steps:
- Sell the 2nd HG that is still stock - I don't need it anymore - now that I see what one can do w/ FreeLink, the stock firmware seems crippled, to me...
- OK, Debian is nice, but something more fitting for an NAS device, like foonas, is more interesting.
- Buy a LS-Pro/ARM box and learn more (July 2008 - OK, I did that, and lately I've made a Netconsole UBoot for LSPro boxes, & a Debian/Armel image for LSPro's and KuroPro's)
Model: Linkstation 1
- Freelink running 2.6.20
- Wireless - not very stable though :-(
What I use it for:
- Not a great deal at the moment, but I have a cunning plan!!
Model: Linkstation 2
- Freelink
- HP Photosmart 7550 in front usb port
- Xi-tel HI-FI link usb soundcard in back usb port
What I use it for:
- Stream music via Firefly to my Roku Soundbridge and iTunes on various PC's
- Stream films, music & photo's via Swisscenter to my Buffalo Linktheater
- Stream films & music via SMS to various Playstation 2's around the house
- Filesharing via Torrentflux
- Printing (IPP) via CUPS
- Play music on Linkstation via mpd (would like a light weight browser app?)
- Listen to my music over internet with gnump3d
- Additional Applaunchpage - for links and to be able to start and stop some apps over the browser
12:30, 25 March 2007 (CST)
Model: Linkstation HD-HGLAN160
- Firmware: originally v1.42, upgrade to v1.45 (hg-openlink-051b)
What i use it for:
- Web server - Apache + MySQL + PHP
- DNS server - BIND
- Mail server - Postfix, SMTP, POP3, IMAP
- Webmail - SquirrelMail
- Photo gallery, music and file storage
Future plans:
- FTP server
- Webmail - OpenWebMail
04 Aug 07
2 x LS2. Both boxes running FreeLink. Being used to serve web and email for my domain. Extra configuration for both boxes:
- relocated bind-mounted /home, /usr and /var directory trees (14% disk usage on hda1)
- webmin
- samba
- rsync backups between the two
Box A running apache2(HTTP/HTTPS) + mysql5 + php5
- General web dev platform
- Domain webmail
- LAN media storage
- backup of Box B Maildirs
Box B running bind9(DNS) + exim4(SMTP) + dovecot(IMAP)
- Domain name and email server
- Backup of Box A www/db and media files
I retired an AMD AthlonXP 1800 running WinXP in favour of these boxes :)
Currently Using:
- u-boot 1.2.0 with fdt via OpenEmbedded for PowerPC Linkstations
- foonas as main distro and foonas-em in flash
Responsible for:
- Adding Buffalo NAS devices and many other platforms to OpenEmbedded (LSPro, KuroPro, LS1, LS2, HG)
- foonas distribution
- foonas-em distribution - first 2.6 based em-mode utilities in flash for PowerPC and MIPSel based linkstations with next gen filesystem support
- foonas-iscsi distribution
- Managing foonas.org and nas-central.org
All my NAS devices are currently being used for foonas/foonas-em/foonas-iscsi development.
17:14, 24 Jan 2008 (CET)
2 x LS HS (400GB harddisk) . Both boxes running FreeLink.
Model: Linkstation HS No. 1
What i use it for:
- ssh backup server
- twonkyvision mediaserver
Model: Linkstation HS No. 2
What i use it for:
- ssh backup server
- svn server
12:15, 24 February 2008 (CST)
Linkstation Pro V1
Reflashed to Freelink
Expanded files and all reset to ext3 filesystem.
Updated Kernel, Installed Webmin, Samba and Firefly.
Stream my .mp3 files to RhythmBox on my Debian Etch Computer.
All my photos as .jpg are accessed by Samba on my home network.
21:24, 25 February 2008 (GMT)
Kurobox HG WR: Hardware:
- Seagate Barracuda 200GB HDD
- Boot-loader: U-Boot 1.2.0
- EM system: foonas-em 0.0.8-r2
- kernel: 184.108.40.206
- OS: Gentoo
Function: To run SlimDevices' SlimServer music-streaming server application 24/7.
Speciality software:
- Squeezecenter 7.0 beta
- Samba - for music file transfer
- To replace the HDD with something larger as, with all my music being in lossless flac format, I only have about 5% free space.
- Possibly get another Kuro or similar and hack away coz the past month or so has got me hooked again...
7 January 2009
Linkstation Live v2 (1TB):
- Kernel 2.6.28
- USB Sound card
- mpd
- Print server (With connected Samsung ML-1640): Works both as postscript and raw queue, although it takes while as postscript (~2mins to print test page from CUPS!). Avoid Canon CAPT printers (e.g. LBP-2900) as these will not work with raw queue and the drivers are x86 only.
- File server: Mounting of shares using NFS and sshfs possible. NFS is used within the network and sshfs can be used for external connections. Music succesfully "streamed" from Paris to Edinburgh!
Function: To play music in a manner controllable from any of my computers. General file storage. Print server.
11:19PM 8 January 2009 (EDT)
Model: Linkstation 1
- Openlink 0.52b
- print server
- NTP timeserver
- byRequest media server for TiVo
- no longer in use
Model: Kurobox HG
- Customized version of Openlink 0.73b
* supports unlimited number of USB hard drives (I've mounted and shared 5) * all flash drives supported (at least all I've tested) * able to use web interface to hide /mnt folders from Samba and Appletalk
- 500GB hard drive
- Filesharing (music files, pictures, all downloads from internet
- NTP time server for 6 networked computers
- IMAP e-mail server, which allows us to access our e-mail from all local computers
* Fetchmail collects e-mail from 9 different accounts * Spambayes is used to filter out spam (very effective) * Dovecot is the IMAP server
- FTP, Telnet and sshd running
Model: Kurobox HG
- Customized Openlink 0.73b as above
- 350 GB hard drive
- development system
* has all the development tools to compile and install above software
- runs standard Kurobox kernel and kernel 2.6
- runs Samba 2 and Samba 3
- recent work was to complete the mkcode, mkshinfo, parse_usbscsi scripts initially developed by sylver
- The mount_sd.sh script has been modified to properly mount and unmount usb drives
* as noted above, these scripts let you use and share an unlimited number of usb hard drive and flash drives * also supports automounting of usb cd-roms (not recommended). * in other words, hot plugging works the way it is supposed to.
- runs avr_evtd
- its serial port is enabled
- write_ng is used early in the boot sequence and write_ok is used at the very end.
- The combination of the last two points allows me to easily work around any boot lockups without having to re-flash

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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Previously: Roll Tide: Hello, A.J. McCarron's Mom
Previously: AJ McCarron Signed Boobs at a Bar After Beating Missouri
Previously: Johnny Manziel's Girlfriend, Sarah Savage, is a Model


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text:
Difference between revisions of "Talk:Todd:Catalytic, Asymmetric Pictet-Spengler Reaction"
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* Hino, T.; Nakagawa, M. Heterocycles 1998, 49, 499-531 - don't have yet. Need it? Abstract from WoS reads: "Methods for preparing Nb-hydroxytryptamines, their Pictet-Spengler reactions with various aldehydes via nitrones, and their asymmetric inductions are reviewed. Syntheses of oxathiazepine-containing eudistomins and related natural products which incorporate these reactions are also reviewed" hence need to order.
* Hino, T.; Nakagawa, M. Heterocycles 1998, 49, 499-531 - don't have yet. Need it? Abstract from WoS reads: "Methods for preparing Nb-hydroxytryptamines, their Pictet-Spengler reactions with various aldehydes via nitrones, and their asymmetric inductions are reviewed. Syntheses of oxathiazepine-containing eudistomins and related natural products which incorporate these reactions are also reviewed" hence need to order.
* Do we include H. Waldmann, G. Schmidt, H. Henke, and M. Burkard, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl., 1995, 34, 2401. as an example of an "easily removable" chiral aux not being too different from a chiral reagent? Referenced by Nakagawa.
* Do we include H. Waldmann, G. Schmidt, H. Henke, and M. Burkard, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl., 1995, 34, 2401. as an example of an "easily removable" chiral aux not being too different from a chiral reagent? Referenced by Nakagawa.
===Bronsted Acid Section===
===Bronsted Acid Section===
Revision as of 04:47, 16 June 2012
Use this page for discussion. Preface questions/comments with initials. Reply to questions but don't delete the question. If things are resolved, move them to the "resolved" section at the bottom of the page.
- 1 General Things that Need Doing
- 2 General Comments, either on science or the review more broadly
- 3 Sandbox area for minor/temporary comments
- 4 Specific Things That Need Doing
- 5 Papers that are relevant and need to be included for the first time
- 6 Papers that have not yet been included, but have been referenced by others
- 7 Papers that may use the cat, asymm PS in syntheses, to be checked
- 8 Simple items to do
- 9 Quality Control
- 10 Resolved
General Things that Need Doing
1. Papers below need looking at - whether to include or not
2. More papers might be relevant. Can do citation searches on papers already included, or new searches.
3. Papers that are already in the review, and have been summarized, need checking (see Quality Control, below for what's needed)
4. Insert DOI link for any paper lacking them on this page, formatted like this: Stoeckigt and Waldmann Angew 2011
Some specific things that currently need doing:
1. Need examples of important bioactive molecules and commercial molecules, e.g. drugs, that can be made with the PS.
2. Intro needs polishing off.
Small things that are needed:
1. Can anyone source a translation of the original Pictet-Spengler article? 10.1002/cber.19110440309. MHT - would be nice to see exactly how it is described there, yes. KAB - translation in progress!
Please don't use email if at all possible. Use this page or some other public forum. Remember if you want to contribute you are going to need an account on OWW and one on Mendeley where we are collecting citations. There is a shared Dropbox folder for access to all Chemdraw files and PDFs - for access contact Murray
General Comments, either on science or the review more broadly
Suggestions can go directly here or on the main page in italics. Minor comments can go in the sandbox area below.
1. Length: the page is quite long, but easier to leave as-is than split the page.
2. Molecule numbering: will happen at the end of the writing process.
3. Yield/ee terminology: Very high = 90+, high = 80+, good = 70+, moderate = 60+.
4. Plagiarism: make sure that no phrases are ever lifted directly from any paper.
5. Inserting schemes: On any page, on the left panel, under tool-box, you will need to select "Upload File." From there you upload the .png file from your computer. Copy the name of the file when it's uploaded (If you're unsure of the file naming convention, click anyone of the scheme .png's and it'll have the details there). Be careful if your file has the same name as an existing one - consider using a different name. Once you've uploaded the file you just need to edit the page where you'd like it to appear. Find the code for some previously uploaded scheme (doesn't matter which), copy and paste it to where you want to put your scheme, and just replace the name of the file you copied, with the name of your file that you just uploaded. Be careful to include .png and be careful of the spacing, there shouldn't be any within the file name. From there, just replace the title of the previous scheme with the details of your scheme. It's important that you only change the words and none of the punctuation that you may see in the code, e.g. "" or |. Just to check if it's alright, you may want to preview before you post. As always with wikis - use other peoples' examples.
MHT - Jan 21 - In the 2007 Hiemstra work, why does the sulfenyl help? Paper says should stabilize intermediate iminium ion and favour cyclization over competitive enamine formation) Paper gives: The use of N-sulfenyl substituents as protecting groups is known in peptide synthesis; see a) L. Zervas, D. Borovas, E. Gazis, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 3660 – 3666 ; for reviews on sulfenamide chemistry, see b) F. A. Davis, U. K. Nadir, Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 1979, 11, 33–51; c)L. Craine, M. Raban, Chem. Rev. 1989, 89, 689 – 712 ; d) I. V. Koval, Russ. Chem. Rev. 1996, 65, 452 – 473.
MHT - Jan 22 - This paper is listed in the references, but has it been read and digested, to extract a) relevant info about the PS, but mainly b) mechanistic ideas of relevance? If not, leave the ref where it is, but add note in mech section about the need to include it there. Small-Molecule H-Bond Donors in Asymmetric Catalysis, A. G. Doyle and E. N. Jacobsen, Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 5713-5743.
Sandbox area for minor/temporary comments
This is the place to chat. Use initials for your comments/questions. Inactive chats/resolved things can be cut from here and pasted at the bottom of the page.
KAB - Jan22 - Added two .cdx files to DropBox under "All BINAP-derived" and "All Organocatalysts", with all the summarised papers' catalysts. MHT - good idea.
KAB - Jan22 - (not sure of relevancy) Found "Stereoselectivity of Superacid-Catalyzed Pictet−Spengler Cyclization Reactions." 2003 Ohwada OrgLett (added to DropBox). Proposes dicationic intermediate/transition state(?) mechanism for PS reaction of non-activated aromatics in the presence of catalytic (achiral) acid. MHT - sounds interesting, will check it out.
KAB - Feb11 - Significant discussion of PS mechanism and acid-base effects on non-enzymatic aq solution PS reactions with enzyme cat. reactions, using kinetic isotope effects. RDS appears to be the same for both systems. Discusses pH dependence of enzyme for catalysis but not binding of substrate. Also, proposal of enzyme mechanism with key Glu309, where tryptamine is deprotonated, increasing its nucleophilicity for aldehyde attack. Not sure of how (or if) this is to be spread between mech vs enzyme section?
MAT - Feb11 - KAB, I'm trying to nail down more of the enzymatic "practical uses" in the Enzymatic Catalysis section, but I moved my comment about the OpSTS computation TS to your mechs section. I think, as Mat mentioned, that the catalysis section has to be for actual end-products, so I'll likely write up the NCS generation of benzoisoquinoline nps and O'Connor / Stockigt's work with fluorinated tryptamines for my section.
Specific Things That Need Doing
- Need intro scheme containing structures for strychnine, morphine, vinblastine and reserpine and a scheme showing the synthesis of strictosidine from a PS reaction between tryptamine and secologanin. Combine with the existing structures of (-)-suaveoline and (-)-phalarine
- A number of small "needs" have been added to the intro section
Papers that are relevant and need to be included for the first time
These papers are relevant and have not yet been included. They need a summary paragraph and possibly a scheme. Papers that are included need to have their citation data put in the right place in the review, and need to be added to the Mendeley Page. Papers that are not included should be listed in full in the "not-being used" section but do not need to be added to the Mendeley library.
None currently pending
Papers that have not yet been included, but have been referenced by others
These papers need to be checked for relevance. They typically have come from other, relevant papers, but the relevance may not be clear. If they are relevant and need including, move the citation from this section to the "needs to be included" section above. If you wish to then actually include it in the review, write "your initials - doing" next to the paper and start working.
Introduction/Background to the PS Reaction
Early examples: probably rac/achiral
- Nature: Naoi, M.; Maruyama, W.; Nagy, G. M. Neurotoxicology 2004, 25, 193- 204 (DOI: 10.1016/S0161-813X(03)00099-8) Paper
Some good medicinal chemistry examples of isatin-derived compounds in Franz 2011 and bencivennia 2011.
Check for the importance of the structural motifs constructed with the reaction:
- Brown, R. T. In Indoles; Saxton, J. E., Ed.; Wiley- Interscience: New York, 1983; Part 4 (The Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids)
- Bentley, K. W. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2004, 21, 395-424 and references therein
- W. Jiang, J. Guan, M. J. Macielag, S. Zhang, Y. Qiu, P. Kraft, S. (DOI: 10.1021/jm025545d) Paper
Also possibly:
Bhattacharjee, T. M. John, D. Haynes-Johnson, S. Lundeen, Z. Sui, J. Med. Chem. 2005, 48, 2126 – 2133 (DOI: 10.1021/jm0401098) Paper
Specifically with respect to carbolines:
- Kawasaki, T.; Higuchi, K. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2005, 22, 761–793 (DOI: 10.1039/B502162F) Paper
- Yu, J.; Wang, T.; Liu, X.; Deschamps, J.; Anderson, J. F.; Liao, X.; Cook, J. M. J. Org. Chem. 2003, 68, 7565–7581 (DOI: 10.1021/jo030006h) Paper
- Liao, X.; Zhou, H.; Yu, J.; Cook, J. M. J. Org. Chem. 2006, 71, 8884–8890 (DOI: 10.1021/jo061652u) Paper
- Ma, J.; Yin, W.; Zhou, H.; Cook, J. M. Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 3491–3494 (DOI: 10.1021/ol071220l) Paper
- Herraiz, T. J. Chromatogr. A 2000, 881, 483–499 (DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)01313-8) Paper
- Herraiz, T.; Galisteo, J.; Chamorro, C. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51, 2168–2173. (DOI: 10.1021/jf0210066) Paper
Diastereoselective examples:
Early diastereoselective, to reference: Ungemach, F.; DiPierro, M.; Weber, R.; Cook, J. M. J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 164. (DOI: 10.1021/jo00314a035) Paper
Study to reference: Cox, E. D.; Hamaker, L. K.; Li, J.; Yu, P.; Czerwinski, K. M.; Deng, L.; Bennett, D. W.; Cook, J. M. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 44-61 (DOI: 10.1021/jo951170a) Paper.
To Do:
- Czarnocki, Z.; MacLean, D. B.; Szarek, W. A. Can. J. Chem. 1986, 64, 2205-2210. (DOI: 10.1139/v86-363) Paper
- Czarnocki, Z.; Suh, D.; MacLean, D. B.; Hultin, P. G.; Szarek, W. A. Can. J. Chem. 1992, 70, 1555-1561. (DOI: 10.1139/v92-191) Paper
- Czarnocki, Z.; Mieckzkowsi, J. B.; Kiegiel, J.; Arazn ́y, Z. Tetrahyedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 2899-2902. (DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(95)00380-0) Paper
- Tsuji, R.; Nakagawa, M.; Nishida, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2003, 14, 177- 180. (DOI: 10.1016/S0957-4166(02)00793-0) Paper
Papers relating to indole chemistry in asymmetric catalysis, cited by Bencivennia 2011:
- M. Bandini, A. Eicholtzer, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 9608–9644
- G. Bartoli, G. Bencivenni, R. Dalpozzo, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39, 4449 – 4465
- T. B. Poulsen, K. A. Jørgensen, Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 2903 – 2915
- E. MarquØs-López, R. P. Herrera, M. Christmann, Nat. Prod. Rep. 2010, 27, 1138 – 1167
Diastereoselective cited by Leighton: C. Bohlmann, R. Bohlmann, E. G. Rivera, C. Vogel, M. D. Manandhar, E. Winterfeldt, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1985, 1752 R. Amann, D. Spitzner, Angew. Chem. 1991, 103, 1373; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1991, 30, 1320 D. L. Comins, M. M. Badawi, Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 2995 H. Wald- mann, G. Schmidt, M. Jansen, J. Geb, Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 5867 H. Waldmann, G. Schmidt, M. Jansen, J. Geb, Tetrahedron 1994, 50, 11865 H. Waldmann, G. Schmidt, H. Henke, M. Burkard, Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 2608; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 2402 T. Soe, T. Kawate, N. Fukui, T. Hino, M. Nakagawa, Heterocycles 1996, 42, 347 T. Kawate, M. Yamanaka, M. Nakagawa, Heterocycles 1999, 50, 1033
Diastereoelective Reactions
First examples?
- Ungemach, F.; Soerens, D.; Weber, R.; DiPierro, M.; Campos ;Mokry, P.; Cook, J. M.; Silverton, J. V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980,102,6976.
Diastereoselective (note: must be catalytic for full inclusion - may be no examples):
- Czarnocki, Z.; MacLean, D. B.; Szarek, W. A. Can. J. Chem. 1986, 64, 2205-2210. (DOI: 10.1139/v86-363) Paper
- Czarnocki, Z.; Suh, D.; MacLean, D. B.; Hultin, P. G.; Szarek, W. A. Can. J. Chem. 1992, 70, 1555-1561. (DOI: 10.1139/v92-191) Paper
- Czarnocki, Z.; Mieckzkowsi, J. B.; Kiegiel, J.; Arazn ́y, Z. Tetrahyedron: Asymmetry 1995, 6, 2899-2902. (DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(95)00380-0) Paper
- Tsuji, R.; Nakagawa, M.; Nishida, A. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2003, 14, 177- 180. (DOI: 10.1016/S0957-4166(02)00793-0) Paper
Lewis Acids
- Hino, T.; Nakagawa, M. Heterocycles 1998, 49, 499-531 - don't have yet. Need it? Abstract from WoS reads: "Methods for preparing Nb-hydroxytryptamines, their Pictet-Spengler reactions with various aldehydes via nitrones, and their asymmetric inductions are reviewed. Syntheses of oxathiazepine-containing eudistomins and related natural products which incorporate these reactions are also reviewed" hence need to order.
- Do we include H. Waldmann, G. Schmidt, H. Henke, and M. Burkard, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed Engl., 1995, 34, 2401. as an example of an "easily removable" chiral aux not being too different from a chiral reagent? Referenced by Nakagawa.
Bronsted Acid Section
Akiyama (2004) says these earlier reports "claim" the use of chiral B acids - is that the case, and is the work relevant here?
- KAB: Not relevant. Not chiral acid, use of chiral aux. in Diels-Alder. C. Palomo, M. Oiarbide, J. M. Garcia, A. Gonzalez, A. Lecumberri, A. Linden, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 10288 (DOI: 10.1021/ja025906e) Paper
- KAB: relevant. Early use of chiral phosphoric acids (binol and H8-binol) in enantioselective Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction. N. T. McDougal, S. E. Schaus, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 12094 (DOI: 10.1021/ja037705w) Paper MHT - that sounds very relevant - a year before Akiyama/Terada. Needs to be properly included? KAB Jan23 - Probably. It's a bit different to the rest. Acids were catalytic, but also required a "nucleophilic promotor." Not sure what that is, but it was present in less than stoich amounts as well.
- KAB: not quite relevant. Uses H-bond activation via chiral TADDOL, in highly enantioselective Hetero-Diels-Alder. Y. Huang, A. K. Unni, A. N. Thadani, V. H. Rawal, Nature 2003, 424, 146. MHT - sure, but why is this paper in Nature? What is it showing that is so important, and does this need to be mentioned in the mech section?
Akiyama (2004) also mentions these "metal salt" versions:
- J. Inanaga, Y. Sugimoto, T. Hanamoto, New J. Chem. 1995, 19, 707
- H. Furuno, T. Hanamoto, Y. Sugimoto, J. Inanaga, Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 49 (DOI: 10.1021/ol991189q) Paper
Previous Bronsted acid example from Terada
- Huang, Y.; Unni, A. K.; Thadani, A. N.; Rawal, V. H. Nature 2003, 424, 146.
- McDougal, N. T.; Schaus, S. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003,125, 12094.
Example of chiral charged Brønsted acid catalyst:
- Nugent, B. M.; Yoder, R. A.; Johnston, J. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004,126, 3418.
Jacobsen Strecker and Mannich history, from Terada
- Sigman, M. S.; Jacobsen, E. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 4901.
- Vachal, P.; Jacobsen, E. N. Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 867.
- Sigman, M. S.; Vachal, P.; Jacobsen, E. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2000, 39, 1279.
- Su, J. T.; Vachal, P.; Jacobsen, E. N. AdV. Synth. Catal. 2001, 343, 197.
- Vachal, P.; Jacobsen, E. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 10013.
- Wenzel, A. G.; Lalonde, M. P.; Jacobsen, E. N. Synlett 2003, 1919.
- Wenzel, A. G.; Jacobsen, E. N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 12964.
See also:
- Okino, T.; Hoashi, Y.; Takemoto, Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 12672.
- Okino, T.; Nakamura, S.; Furukawa, T.; Takemoto,Y. Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 625.
Copper complex example from Terada:
- Marigo, M.; Kjærsgaard, A.; Juhl, K.; Gathergood, N.; Jørgensen, K. A. Chem.- Eur. J. 2003, 9, 2359.
The strengths of these chiral phosphoric acids is governed by:
- Akiyama Chem Rev 2007
- Terada ChemComm 2008
Reviews to check through for comments on mechanism of reactions and possible applications of Bronsted acids that have not yet been applied to the PS.
- S.J. Connon, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 3909–3912
- T. Akiyama, J. Itoh, K. Fuchibe, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2006, 348, 999 – 1010
- M. S. Taylor, E. N. Jacobsen, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006, 45, 1520–1543
- Connon, S. J. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2007, 5, 3407–3417
- Terada Synthesis 2010, 1929-1982
- List, Top. Curr. Chem. 2010, 291, 395-456
- Rueping Angewandte 2011, 50, 6706-6720
- S.-L. You, Q. Cai, M. Zeng, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 2190 – 2201
- A. Zamfir, S. Schenker, M. Freund, S. B. Tsogoeva, Org. Biomol. Chem. 2010, 8, 5262 – 5276 (DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00209g)
Bronsted Acids: N-triflyl phosphoramide Yamamoto 2006, N-triflyl phosphoramide [10.1002/anie.200802139 Rueping 2008] , ? Rueping 2010
Diastereoselective polycyclization involving unactivated Ph using SnCl4 Yamamoto 2006 - suggestion here to use this enantioselectively.
Link from PS page - MNR
Nakamura 2009 - but Aza-Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Pyrroles
Possible alternative thiophosphoramide: Yamamoto 2008
Organocatalysis Section
Check for relevancy:
- Metal-free organocatalysis through explicit hydrogen bonding interactions, Schreiner, P. R. Chem. Soc. ReV. 2003, 32, 289. (DOI:10.1039/b107298) - KAB: Not B Acids. On Thio-Urea.
- (Thio)urea organocatalysis—What can be learnt from anion recognition?, Z. Zhang, P. Schreiner, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 1187 – 1198 (DOI: 10.1039/B801793J) Paper - KAB: Not on B acids. Thio-urea stuff.
Not looked at to see which section these go in:
- Asymmetric Bronsted Acid Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition to in situ Generated Chiral N-Acyliminium Ions, Rueping, M.; Nachtsheim, B. J. Synlett 2010, 1, 119. (DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1218539) - KAB: Probably needs to go in the B acid section.
- Peterson, E. A.; Jacobsen, E. N. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 6328.
- Raheem, I. T.; Thiara, P. S.; Jacobsen, E. N. Org. Lett. 2008, 10, 1577
- Sun, F.-L.; Zheng, X.-J.; Gu, Q.; He, Q.-L.; You, S.-L. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 47
Link taken from PS page - MNR
Cationic Polycyclizations Jacobsen 2010
Mechanism section
Some possibly relevant papers arising from Dixon 2010, on chiral counterion-induced enantioselective N-acyliminium ion reactions:
- Li, G.; Kaplan, M. J.; Wojtas, L.; Antilla, J. C. Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 1960.
- Terada, M.; Machioka, K.; Sorimachi, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 2553.
- Rueping, M.; Lin, M.-Y. Chem.sEur. J. 2010, 16, 4169.
Some papers on dual catalysis referenced by Franz 2011:
- Yamamoto, H.; Futatsugi, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 1924–1942
- Lv, J.; Li, X.; Zhong, L.; Luo, S.; Cheng, J.-P. Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 1096–1099
- Rueping, M.; Koenigs, R. M.; Atodiresei, I. Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16, 9350–9365.
The general reviews need to be checked, to ensure we have not missed anything, and as inspiration for thoughts on the reaction mechanism. e.g. Govindra Org Reactions review we've already cited.
Enzymatic Section
On the promiscuity of the enzyme norcoclaurine synthase: Biocatalytic Production of Tetrahydroisoquinolines, B. M. Ruff, S. Bräse and S. E. O'Connor, Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 1071-1074 Paper and
- Biocatalytic asymmetric formation of tetrahydro-beta-carbolines, Bernhardt Peter; Usera Aimee R.; O'Connor Sarah E., TETRAHEDRON LETTERS 2010, 51, 4400-4402 paper - already cited, but make sure it's covered.
Other Relevant Systems not yet applied to the PS
Check these papers for possible suitability for the PS, and check that they have not been so-used. The aim is to say in the review which catalysts show promise but are unexplored.
Strong Bronsted acids not yet applied to PS:
- Chiral N-triflyl phosphoramide Yamamoto 2006
- C. H. Cheon, H. Yamamoto, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 9246–9247 (DOI: 10.1021/ja8041542) Paper
- C. H. Cheon, H. Yamamoto, Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 2476–2479 (DOI: 10.1021/ol100233t) Paper
- M. Rueping, W. Ieawsuwan, A. P. Antonchick, B. J. Nacht- sheim, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 2097–2100 (DOI: 10.1002/anie.200604809) Paper
- P. Jiao, D. Nakashima, H. Yamamoto, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 2411–2413 (DOI: 10.1002/anie.200705314) Paper
- H. Xu, S. J. Zuend, M. G. Woll, Y. Tao, E. N. Jacobsen, Science 2010, 327, 986–990 (mixture).
- M. Treskow, J. Neudörfl, R. Giernoth, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 3693–3697.
- P. García-García, F. Lay, P. García-García, C. Rabalakos, B. List, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 4363–4366.
TADDOL ligands:
- Akiyama 2005
- (TADDOL activator) Rawal 2003
Enzymatic examples: (Working on, MAT)
- Norcoclaurine synthase Tanner 2007
- Strictosidine Synthase Stoeckigt 2008
- Deacetylipecoside Synthase - need ref if this is a relevant enzyme
Lewis Acid Examples that seem to be Relevant:
Miscellaneous, not 100% relevant:
Asymmetric prolinol Michael addition followed by diastereoselective PS - Fisher 2009
Ditto - Zhao 2010
- Trifluoroacetic Acid-Promoted Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy, 3-Amino and Spirooxindoles from alpha-Keto-N-Anilides, Gorokhovik Ioulia; Neuville Luc; Zhu Jieping, ORGANIC LETTERS, 2011, 13, 5536-5539 paper - not PS, but similar ketoamide substrates vs Leighton, and similar reactivity pattern. Not asymmetric.
Papers that may use the cat, asymm PS in syntheses, to be checked
MAT - Jan 30 - Per Sanjay's request, a Reaxys search for "asymmetric Pictet-Spengler" returns 110 hits, and "catalytic asymmetric Pictet-Spengler" returns only 9. In the former, several recent syntheses we haven't yet addressed (saframycin, alstoscholarine, polyneuridine) may need to be checked to see if they incorporate catalytic methodology to set stereochem (currently looking through syntheses - MAT Feb 11)
Simple items to do
- MHT - Jan21 - Need people to go through all the references on this page and insert a DOI link for ease of access.
Quality Control
All papers included in the main text of the review will have been summarised by one person. The summary (text and scheme) need to be checked by at least one other person - that means going back to the primary literature source. This section contains a list of who has done what.
Arrange list in approximate order of appearance in review.
- Nakagawa 1998 (10.1021/jo980810h) - written by MNR, checked and rewritten by MAT, checked by KAB - Scheme needs recheck.
- Leighton 2009 (10.1002/anie.200806110) - written by MNR
- Akiyama (10.1002/anie.200353240) - written by MHT, checked and rewritten by MAT - needs recheck.
- Terada (10.1021/ja0491533) - written by MHT, checked by MAT.
- List 2006 (10.1021/ja057444l) - written by MHT, not yet checked.
- Hiemstra 2007 (10.1002/anie.200701808) - written by KAB, checked by MNR & MHT.
- Hiemstra 2008 (10.1021/jo8010478) - written by KAB, checked by MNR & MHT.
- Hiemstra 2009 (10.1021/ol900888e) - written by MHT, not yet checked.
- Hiemstra 2011 (10.1021/jo201657n) - written by MHT, not yet checked.
- Dixon 2009 (10.1021/ja9024885) - written by MHT, not yet checked.
- Dixon 2010 (10.1021/ol101651t) - written by KAB, checked and rewritten by MHT - needs further check.
- Franz 2011 (10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.08.071) - written by MNR, significantly re-worked by MHT - needs further check.
- Jacobsen 2004 - written by MNR, checked and rewritten by MAT - needs recheck.
- Jacobsen 2007 - written by MNR, not yet checked.
- Jacobsen 2007 review - written by MNR, not yet checked.
- Jacobsen 2008 - written by MNR, not yet checked.
- Jacobsen 2009 - written by MNR, not yet checked.
- Jacobsen 2011 - written by MNR, checked and rewritten by MAT - needs recheck.
- O'Connor 2008 / 2010 - written by MAT, not yet checked.
- Stockigt 2012 - written by MAT, not yet checked.
- KAB - Jan21 - The scheme for 2009 Hiemstra with the H8-BINOL phosphoric acid in the box, doesn't have the H8-BINOL phosphoric acid in the box. Still has the BINOL. (KAB: fixed in the chemdraw file and re-uploaded the png, but it is yet show the change in the review.) - KAB, done.
- 1. KAB attempt to understand 2000 Koomen OrgLett The figure for Table 1 gives diasteromeric ratios. Where are the diastereomers? I only the possibility for enantiomers in the product. Where's the other stereogenic centre? They also mentioned "hydrolysis of the starting material" numerous times. I'm assuming they mean hydrolysis of the N-S bond (there doesn't seem any other reasonable place for hydrolysis of the SM to occur), but I just wanted to check. This comment resolved since this paper no longer included in the review.
- MHT - Jan 22 - Reworked Dixon 2010 into one scheme. KAB please check and comment. KAB: Neater. Is the formation of the enamide intermediates reversible? I was under the impression the first condensation was irreversible. So forego the "best" result, in terms of ee and yield and instead incorporate the mech into the scheme? MHT: I doubt enamide formation is reversible (in its entirety) but it's a toluene reflux, so might be worth erring on the side of caution. And yes - I have foregone the "best" result here so we can combine mechanism and reaction outcome in one. Typical yield/ee mentioned in text.
- MHT - Jan21 - Do we have a significant section on enzyme examples, or do we refer to the 2011 Waldmann review, which appears to cover this well? I would favour a brief description, with the value being clues we learn about the mechanism of catalysis, and whether we can apply those lessons to small molecule catalysis. Resolved because enzyme section now included, with emphasis on preparative utility and, in a separate section, an emphasis on what we learn about the mechanisms of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
- MAT - Jan 29 - Can someone tell me how to be added to the review DropBox? I have the program installed, but I can't seem to access the folder. (Mendeley works just fine, btw) Resolved - Murray has added Mike to the shared "Pictet-Spengler Review" folder
- MAT - Feb 11 - Natural product synthesis - hongconin and thysanone use Oxa-Pictet-Spengler, non-catalytic. Do not include.
- MAT - Feb11 - Can someone grab the Nature 2010, p.461 O'Connor paper and place it in Dropbox? It's crucial for the enzyme section (no easy access to Nature here!) KAB Added to dropbox
- KAB - Jan22 - Need to annotate Dixon 2010 Cyclisation Cascade with keq's and kminor and kmajor - but MHT has altered this scheme, and I don't think the k's add anything.
- MAT / KAB / MHT - Feb 12 - For anyone who wants to answer, the graphics all have to be open-sourced, right? So I can't clip a xstal structure out of a paper and re-use it here, even if I attribute it to JACS? Please clarify. (KAB reply): are you able to access the PDB, manipulate then export using Jmol? I'm guessing it's enzyme related. (MAT reply): I was going to .pdf snapshot the enzyme overlay from O'Connor JACS 2008 (with the pink and green substrates) to use here, but I likely have to request permission to do so. MHT - correct, we'd need to seek permission. That makes things more complex, so better to do things ourselves using public data, but we can go the permission route if that generates the best drawing. (KAB reply): Yes. I've just downloaded the PDB file with the inhibitor (green) in the binding site. It's available from http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/explore.do?structureId=2VAQ. Interesting. Dimer with 2 active site. And in complex with substrate (I'm guessing that's the pink one?) http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2V91. It's easy enough to manipulate the PDB to our liking. Can even do our own overlays. Bonus that Jmol is open source. Resolved - we can make our own enzyme overlays from PDB files
- MAT/MHT - MAT - Feb13 - How are we calibrating use of the word "high?" (to describe yield or ee). We have >20 examples of its usage in the review thus far, and seems to encompass a wide range of numbers (70s to 99%!). Resolved with comment above about terminology
- KAB - Mar 3 - RE: Nakagawa 1998. The paper states the reaction is the first example of "reagent-controlled asym. PS reaction." What does that mean? (MHT - means that the thing guiding the stereochemical outcome is something that is added to the reaction mixture but doesn't become part of the product. This distinguishes it from diastereoselective examples where the stereochemistry is defined by a stereocentre already in the molecule, as with many of Cook's examples. However, it's not always completely clear cut. Waldmann used an "easily removeable" chiral aux, which is not so different from a strongly-attached Lewis Acid) Also, first report was in preliminary communication in 1996. So, first reported in 1996 or 1998? MHT - Yes, looks like this needs to be checked T. Kawate, H. Yamada, T. Soe and M. Nakagawa, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 1249-1252 Paper Resolved
- Nakagawa first example of reagent-controlled PS? MHT: I think it is - need that confirmed. MAT: - Yup, The Hino 1992 Heterocycles work was all spirocycles, and the 1996 Tet Asymm was what I wanted included. It's AOK now. Resolved
- Kat - please check the facts and the new scheme for accuracy (original had a mistake in the borane structure).- KAB 17 Mar: Facts are good. As for the scheme, the "left" ipc is correct, but I'm not 100% sure about the right one.Done!


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FORWARD TWP — State police are investigating a head-on crash late Wednesday night that killed two people in southern Butler County. The wreck happened on Route 68 near Buhl Road. Both drivers, whose names were not immediately released, died in the crash about 11:18 p.m., authorities said. The road was closed for more than six hours to allow for a police accident reconstruction investigation and for wreckers to haul away both vehicles. A Jeep and a Dodge Neon were involved. The Jeep came to rest atop a guard rail.
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9:30 am
Franny's Feet "Shiver Me Timbers/Ride'em Cowboy" A) Franny travels to the Kalahari Desert, where she meets Tula, a shy meerkat who loves to bask in the warm sun. When Tula's older siblings stand in front of her, blocking the light, Franny helps her learn to speak up for herself. In Franny's Treasures, Franny, Bobby, and the viewers discover the features that make fireflies, chameleons, and skunks unique. D
10:00 am
Wishbone "Furst Impressions" This live-action program follows the exploits of Wishbone the dog and his human friends, Joe, David and Samantha through their adventures intheir hometown of Oakdale. Wishbone's everyday experiences trigger hi s imagination and he finds himself in scenes from classic works of literature. In this episode, attending the Oakdale school beach party social has the kids in an uproar. D
10:30 am
Dialogue "Tim Egan, Dust Bowl" NULL
11:00 am
BBC Newsnight NULL
11:30 am
Consuelo Mack WealthTrack "Impact Investing Opportunities, Part 1" Guests: Mary Jane McQuillen, Portfolio Manager, Head of ESG Investment Program, ClearBridge Advisors Bill Paul, Founder & Editor, Earthpreservers.com; Energy & Environmental Journalist. This week's Consuelo Mack WealthTrack reveals how to make a difference with your investments. D
12:00 pm
To The Contrary with Bonnie Erbe Heavy Spending on Holiday Shopping: Despite the looming threat of the fiscal cliff, women are still planning on spending big on holiday shopping. UK Will Not See Women Bishops: The Church of England won't be setting an example of gender equality. The church did not pass a measure to ordain women bishops, despite growing support. D
12:30 pm
McLaughlin Group NULL
1:00 pm
Painting and Travel with Roger & Sarah Bansemer "Burning Man - Center Camp" Roger and Sarah Bansemer travel to the remote desert near Gerlach, Nevada in one of the most unusual events ever held called Burning Man. Roger sets up his easel and paints in what is known as the Center Camp among hundreds of people. Sarah takes a ride on one of the art vehicles called the Neverwas Hall. D
1:30 pm
Sewing with Nancy "Sewing with Nancy's 30th Anniversary Special, Part 2" Celebrate past and present memorable experiences with Nancy's special guests and a live TV audience. Gail Brown, Natalie Sewell, and Eileen Roche are among the special guests that reminisce with Nancy about past TV programs and their experiences then and now on Sewing With Nancy. See touching "Creative Kindness" and "Nancy's Corner" exerpts and hilarious TV clips and bloopers. D
2:00 pm
Quilting Arts "It's A Color Conundrum" Color has the ability to change the look and focus of a quilt, especially when it comes to fabric choices. Our guests on this episode change or modify their initial fabric choice for a brand new look. We begin with Rayna Gillman and a fabric makeover. D
2:30 pm
Hometime "Island Kitchen 2.0: Cabinets" The HOMETIME team updates an island kitchen with new cabinets, including visits with the designer and the manufacturer. D
3:00 pm
Woodsmith Shop "Patio Cart" Learn how to construct a long-lasting outdoor project and apply the right finish as the Woodsmith editors build this stylish patio cart. D
3:30 pm
This Old House "Melting Pot" Kevin and Richard get a taste of culturally diverse Cambridge by visiting what's known locally as "Japan Town." Norm shows how Tom has matched the exterior trim details and how the clapboards are going on over an underlayment that will let them dry out. Then, up on the roof deck, he lends a hand as Tom creates a staggered shingle pattern on the half walls to match what is on the existing house. D
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Ask This Old House "Installing a Privacy Fence/Replacing a Clogged Shower Valve" Landscape contractor Roger Cook works with a fencing contractor to install a vinyl privacy fence. Then, Roger, along with host Kevin O'Connor, plumbing and heating expert Richard Trethewey and general contractor Tom Silva, asks, "What Is It?" Afterward, Richard replaces a clogged shower valve. D
4:30 pm
Growing a Greener World "Permaculture (Raleigh, NC & Americus, GA)" Beyond organic gardening, permaculture incorporates those practices and more, drawing from a number of agricultural disciplines by incorporating organic farm practices, agroforestry, integrated farming and ecology. D
5:00 pm
Moyers & Company "What It's Like to Go to War" America has been at war for over a decade, with millions of soldiers having seen death and dying up close in Afghanistan and Iraq. But most Americans -- watching comfortably on their TVs and computers, witness to statistics, speeches, and "expert" rhetoric -- don't get what's really going on there. In an encore edition of Moyers & Company (check local listings), Bill talks to Karl Marlantes - a highly-decorated Vietnam veteran, Rhodes Scholar, author, and PTSD survivor - about what we on the insulated outside need to understand about the minds and hearts of our modern warriors. D
6:00 pm
William and Mary William puts his family in danger when he buries a convicted murderer.G
7:00 pm
Outdoor Idaho "The People's Land" OUTDOOR IDAHO takes the pulse of the People's Land, the 64 percent of Idaho that is managed by the federal government. People speak out about today's management of public lands. They ride, hike, boat, camp, hunt and fish on public acreage, or they seek to harvest resources from the lands - and they are finding ways to work together for the sake of the land.G
7:30 pm
Oregon Field Guide "Aerial Fish Stocking, Hiking from Portland to the Pacific Coast, Stormwater" The show meets a man who has found and mapped several paths to explore overlooked treasures along this long hiking route.G
8:00 pm
Downton Abbey Revisited This special presents some favorite scenes from the series' seasons 1 and 2 for fans to savor before Season 3 begins in January. Key actors and creative staff tell their stories of the depiction of life on an English country estate from 1912 into the 1920s. There is also some rare behind-the-scenes footage of the production and a sneak peek at Season 3.G
9:30 pm
Yellowstone: Land to Life Filmmaker John Grabowska presents a lyrical interpretation of the geologic story of Yellowstone. Formation of glaciers, mountain ranges and the gigantic caldera of a supervolcano provide a sweeping saga. A short concluding film "Yellowstone's Cascade Corner" features the portion of the national park that lies in Idaho and is filmed and produced by Idaho Public Television.G
10:00 pm
New Tricks "Congratulations" A man is cleared of an old crime and released from prison; Halford reopens the original investigation now centered on the man's own father. But Halford's pursuit reveals more than he bargains for. Meanwhile Pulling is offered a promotion but she would have to leave UCOS. Standing is approached by a young woman claiming to be his daughter.G
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Masterpiece Classic "Downton Abbey (S1 E4)" The heir crisis at Downton Abbey takes an unexpected turn. Meanwhile, rumors fly about Mary's virtue. Her sister Sybil takes a risk in her secret political life. Anna unearths Bates' mysterious past. And O'Brien and Thomas plot their exit strategy. Part 4 of 4G


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Event will take place on the first Saturday of February
It has become a popular tradition in early February.
Now the West Side Recreation and Park District will be holding their fifth annual Father-Daughter dance Saturday, Feb. 2 at the Community Center Auditorium.
The theme this year is rainbow/candy. Girls four years and and older may be accompanied by their father, guardian or adult relative or friend.
Tickets are $30 per couple and $10 for each additional daughter. Tickets also cannot be purchased at the door. Instead they can be bought at the District office. The quantity is limited and the event sells out each year.
The evening will include photographs, DJ music, sweet treats, and other surprises. Picture frame party favors will be given to the first 80 girls to purchase tickets.
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The dance will last from 7-10 p.m.
For more information about the dance, contact the Rec at 763-4246.


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A risk factor is something that increases your likelihood of getting a disease or condition.
It is possible to develop social anxiety disorder with or without the risk factors listed below. However, the more risk factors you have, the greater your likelihood of developing social anxiety disorder. If you have a number of risk factors, ask your doctor what you can do to reduce your risk.
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Other Mental Disorders
Rates of social anxiety disorder are higher in people who have another anxiety disorder, such as general anxiety disorder, panic disorder or phobias, substance abuse problem (alcohol use disorder or drug addiction), bipolar disorder, hypochondriasis, or depression.
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- Heart disease
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- Painful condition
Childhood Experiences
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Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Adrian Preda, MD
- Review Date: 06/2017 -
- Update Date: 12/20/2014 -


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- Damage caused by, among other things, use of incompatible accessories, intentional acts, unreasonable use, misuse, physical abuse, vandalism, riot, insurrection or civil disorder, accidents or corrosive atmospheres (such as those contaminated by acid rain, harmful chemicals or vapors), or any act of God (such as fire, flooding, hurricane, earthquake, tornado, lightning, ice, etc.), environmental condition (such as air pollution, mold, mildew, etc.), staining from foreign substances (such as dirt, grease, oil, etc.), or normal weathering (defined as exposure to sunlight, weather and atmosphere which may cause any colored surface to gradually fade, darken, chalk, or accumulate dirt or stains)
- Assembly of hardware, accessory items or defects caused by their assembly
Proper maintenance of your product is required to support the benefits of this warranty. This warranty is voided in the event that there are indications of abuse or neglect to the furniture. This warranty does not apply to normal wear and tear effects on the furniture, which are received by regular use of the furniture.
For service under this warranty, first contact the POLYWOOD retailer from whom you purchased the product. Warranty claims may be submitted by the retailer via email to firstname.lastname@example.com. When submitting a claim, you will be required to submit the written description of the defect, proof of purchase receipt including the date. Be prepared to supply photographs of the product. Once documentation has been received and evaluated, Poly-Wood's sole responsibility shall be, at its option, to repair or replace defective component, to repair or replace defective furniture, or authorize repairs by a third party, and the Purchaser will be notified of the solution. Should defective product no longer be available, Poly-Wood may replace with similar product of our choosing. All returns require a Return Merchandise Authorization prior to being returned. Poly-Wood will provide a one-attempt call tag for those items it requires be returned under our warranty. Failure to return product via Poly-Wood's call tag will transfer responsibility to return product to Purchaser at their own cost. If product is not returned within 30 days of Return Authorization, Purchaser is responsible for all shipping charges that may apply. All returns must have the RMA # clearly visible on outside of shipping box. Failure to return requested defective product will result in forfeiture of any credit
Under the POLYWOOD warranty, replacement of defective product will require Purchaser to pay for the replacement. Once the defective product is returned to Poly-Wood and evaluation confirms it is defective, credit will be issued to the purchaser. Should Purchaser return defective product to Poly-Wood prior to shipment of replacement, any credit would be applied to replacement product.
No person or entity is authorized by Poly-Wood to make and Poly-Wood shall not be bound by any statement or representation as to the quality or performance of POLYWOOD products other than as contained in this warranty. This warranty may not be altered or amended except in a written instrument signed by Poly-Wood and Purchaser
Some states do not allow the exclusions or limitations of incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitations or exclusions may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from state to state.
This warranty shall only be applicable and enforceable in the United States of America and Canada.
This warranty is effective for products purchased on or after 1/1/2016