text:
An 18-year-old suspect from Asher has been arrested and jailed in the shooting death of an East Central University student Thursday morning in south Pottawatomie County.
An 18-year-old suspect from Asher has been arrested and jailed in the shooting death of an East Central University student Thursday morning in south Pottawatomie County.
Sheriff Mike Booth said Jerrod Murray is jailed in the Pottawatomie County Public Safety Center on a first-degree murder complaint. Formal charges have not been filed.
He is accused in the shooting death of Generro Sanchez, 18, Booth said.
Both the suspect and victim were ECU students, but it appears from the investigation there's no apparent motive in the case, Booth said, although Murray allegedly admitted to investigators that he'd been planning to kill someone for the past three weeks, according to the arrest affidavit.
The victim's body was found in a ditch along Substation Road, which is located south of U.S. 177 and SH 59.
Asher police reported some type of suspicious activity in that area and it was about 2:34 a.m. Thursday when Deputy Justin Abbott called Undersheriff Travis Palmer about the discovery of the body, later identified as Sanchez.
As Palmer was responding, he heard radio traffic about a possible suspect seen walking north on U.S. 177.
With tribal police as backup, Palmer located Murray near Sing Road and asked him if he had a gun.
Murray said, "No sir, it's in the truck and I am the guy you're after," the arrest affidavit reads.
It was about 3:12 a.m. and Palmer asked Murray why deputies would be looking for him.
Murray responded with, "Cause of the guy I shot and put in the ditch on Substation Road," according to the affidavit.
Investigators transported Murray to Shawnee for an interview. The affidavit shows Murray admitted that he made a plan to kill someone about three weeks ago but didn't know who he'd kill or when, but knew he would do it around Substation Road because he knew that area.
According to the interview, Murray allegedly used a .40-caliber firearm that was stolen from a house in Asher.
The affidavit shows Murray claims he picked the victim from East Central because he "didn't have many friends" and "wouldn't be missed so quick." Murray then told investigators he wanted to do the killing on Tuesday but Sanchez wasn't in his dorm room. According to affidavit, Murray only knew the victim by his first name.
The affidavit alleges that Murray asked Sanchez to drive him to Walmart for $20. Once they were in Sanchez's truck, Murray explained to Palmer that he pulled a gun and told Sanchez to drive to the Substation Road area five miles north of Asher.
"He said the victim was begging for him not to kill him," the affidavit reads.
When they reached Substation Road and were traveling at about 10 mph, Murray told investigators he shot Sanchez, but missed, with the bullet busting the glass. Murray shot Sanchez a second time, according to the affidavit, with that bullet hitting the victim on the right side of the head.
At that point, Murray indicated he jumped out of the truck and ran around to open the door to get the victim to fall out, but then the truck rolled off the road and stopped against a tree, the document reads.
Murray allegedly pushed Sanchez onto the ground, with Booth reporting there was a steep hill in that area.
Murray allegedly told Palmer during the interview that he wasn't sure Sanchez was dead so he shot him a second time in the head before he "rolled the victim down into a ditch," where he covered him up with leaves and sticks, the affidavit alleges.
As he covered the body, he said a car approached the area and the driver stopped.
Murray allegedly told that passerby that he had fallen asleep and then asked for a ride to his grandmother's home in Asher, the document shows.
The Good Samaritan driver apparently took Murray to Asher, then it is believed that Murray was allegedly walking northbound on U.S. 177 back to the crime scene when Palmer found him, Booth said.
"We're lucky there wasn't a second victim," Booth said.
The affidavit shows that Murray said he felt no remorse for the killing.
While both of the teens were students at ECU, Booth said they have no motive for the crime other than the fact that Murray allegedly "wanted to go kill somebody."
Deputies have recovered the reported firearm in the case, Booth said.
Sheriff's deputies, along with the District Attorney's Violent Crimes and Drugs Task Force, tribal police and Asher police, worked this case.
Their investigative reports will be turned over to the district attorney's office for consideration of any formal charges.
Sanchez was reported to be from Stuart, Okla.
Watch for updates.


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subset: commoncrawl


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(→Portrayal in adaptations)
(→Portrayal in adaptations)
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'''2012-3: [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]]:'''
'''2012-3: [[The Hobbit films|''The Hobbit'' films]]:'''
==See also==
==See also==
Revision as of 11:18, 10 February 2012
|Biographical Information
|Other names
The Dark Lord[2]
Gorthaur the Cruel[3]
|Physical Description
|Images of Sauron
|By Ardamir. (Help; more articles)
- "Sauron [...] was only less evil than his master in that for long he served another and not himself."
- ― J.R.R. Tolkien[3]
Sauron was the greatest and most trusted servant of Morgoth before and during the First Age. After the downfall of his master, he continuously strove to conquer Middle-earth throughout the Second and Third Ages. Deceiving the Elves of Eregion, who under his guidance had created the Rings of Power, he secretly forged the One Ring in Mount Doom. Thus Sauron became "The Lord of the Rings".
As one of the Maiar, Sauron was created by Ilúvatar before the Music of the Ainur.[5] At the beginning of Time, he was amongst the Ainur who entered into Eä.[3] Here he became one of the Maiar of Aulë,[3] and was known as Mairon.[4] However, he was soon ensnared by Melkor and became his greatest and most trusted servant.[1] Thus he came to be known Gorthaur by the Sindar of Beleriand and Sauron by others.[2]
Years of the Trees
After Melkor made his great fortress of Angband in the north-west of Middle-earth, he appointed Sauron to be its commander.[6] When the Valar captured Melkor at the Siege of Utumno, they stormed and searched Utumno and Angband; they, however, failed to find Sauron.[6]
First Age
Sauron was become now a sorcerer of dreadful power, master of shadows and of phantoms, foul in wisdom, cruel in strength, misshaping what he touched, twisting what he ruled, lord of werewolves; his dominion was torment.
—J.R.R. Tolkien[7]
With the unchaining of Morgoth and his subsequent destruction of the Two Trees of Valinor, the Sun first rose and ushered in the awakening of Men. Leaving Sauron in command of the war, Morgoth left Angband in secret to find the second-born kindred of the Children of Ilúvatar and to corrupt them to his will.[8]
After the fall of Fingolfin, Sauron launched an attack on Tol Sirion. Utter fear descended upon Orodreth and those who defended the isle. Sauron assailed Minas Tirith and turned it into a watch tower for Morgoth. Therein Sauron sat and Tol Sirion the fair became Tol-in-Gaurhoth, the Isle of Werewolves.[7]
Upon hearing of the deeds of Barahir and his companions, Morgoth ordered Sauron to find and kill them. Gorlim, one of Barahir's companions, was captured and brought before Sauron. There Sauron promised that he would he would free Gorlim and his wife Eilinel in return for information. Under the terror of Sauron's eyes, Gorlim revealed everything he knew and thus the hiding place of Barahir was betrayed to the enemy. Subsequently, Sauron had Gorlim put to death.[9]
Beren, son of Barahir, promised to avenge his father's death. He wandered Dorthonion as an outlaw and achieved great deeds that were heard far and wide. Thus Morgoth set a high price on his head and Sauron, commanding a great army of werewolves and fell beasts, sought for Beren.[9]
Later, Finrod Felagund, Beren, and their ten companions left Nargothrond in search of the Silmarils. Despite being disguised as Orcs, Sauron espied them as they entered into the vale between Ered Wethrin and Taur-nu-Fuin. He had them captured and they were brought to him. There Finrod and Sauron fought in songs of power; the strength of both was great, but Sauron was more powerful. He then stripped them of their Orc disguise but failed to discern who they were. He had them thrown into a dark pit where one by one they were devoured by a werewolf. Withstanding this horror, they refused to betray one another.[9]
When all of their companions were dead, Finrod and Beren were the last who remained alive in Sauron's pit. When a werewolf went to attack Beren, Finrod Felegund used all his power to defeat it. In this he was successful. However, he was critically wounded and soon passed away. In that dark moment, Lúthien came to the bridge of Tol-in-Gaurhoth and sang. From his tower of Minas Tirith, Sauron saw Lúthien and knew that it was the famous daughter of Melian and Thingol. He desired to capture her and hand her over to Morgoth. Therefore he sent a wolf to the bridge, but it was quickly and silently slain by Huan. He sent many more and each one Huan killed. Finally, he sent Draugluin, sire of the werewolves of Angband. The fight between Huan and Draugluin was fierce. Eventually Draugluin fled and, before dying, he told his master that Huan was there. Therefore Sauron took the form of a werewolf, the greatest the world had ever seen, and went towards the bridge. He leaped to attack Lúthien, but Huan sprang upon Sauron and there they fought. But Sauron could not subdue the hound of Valinor. He yielded to Lúthien, giving her control of the isle in return for his release. He then took the form of a vampire and fled to Taur-nu-Fuin, filling the forest with horror.[9]
After the War of Wrath, with the downfall of Morgoth and the destruction of Thangorodrim, Sauron adopted a fair form and repented his evil deeds in fear of the wrath of the Valar. Eönwë then ordered Sauron to return to Valinor in order to receive the judgement of Manwë. Sauron was not willing to suffer such humiliation and so he fled and hid himself in Middle-earth.[1]
Second Age
After lying hidden and dormant for about one thousand years, Sauron put on a fair visage in the Second Age. Calling himself Annatar, the Lord of Gifts, he befriended the Elvish smiths of Eregion, and counseled them in arts and magic. Not all the Elves trusted him, particularly Lady Galadriel and Gil-galad, High King of the Ñoldor, but few listened to them. The Elves forged Rings of Power, but in secret Sauron forged the One Ring in Mount Doom to rule the other rings, investing most of his own power into the Ring as he forged it.
In this time Sauron became known as the Dark Lord of Mordor. He raised Barad-dûr, the Dark Tower, near Mount Doom; constructed the Black Gate of Mordor to prevent invasion; corrupted nine mortal Men with Rings of Power and turned them into the Nazgûl (Ringwraiths), his chief servants; and raised massive armies of Orcs, Trolls, and Men, chiefly Easterlings and Southrons.
Sauron's power reached its zenith 700 years after Mordor's creation, in the 17th century of the Second Age. Immediately after Sauron created the One Ring, Celebrimbor and the other Ring-bearers realized his treachery and went to war with him. The War of the Elves and Sauron was a bloody conflict which destroyed Eregion and devastated much of Eriador. Celebrimbor was slain and his body impaled on a spike paraded at the head of Sauron's legions. The Elves were pushed back almost to the Blue Mountains, while their Dwarf allies (who had also rejected Sauron) retreated behind the walls of Moria where Sauron could not assail them. Sauron was master of almost all of Middle-earth beyond the coasts, but the Númenóreans responded to the Elves' call for aid and sent a relief force. The combined armies rallied and were able to defeat Sauron's armies in Eriador after heavy fighting, and the Dark Lord fled back to Mordor with little more than his own bodyguard and a handful of orcs.
Nonetheless, while Sauron's subsequent power never quite matched the height it had during the War with the elves, many of his most powerful enemies' homelands had been devastated. Relative to his enemies, Sauron's empire was actually in a stronger position than it used to be. His empire continued to expand to dominate barbarian Men to the far south and east. Throughout this, Sauron remained faithful in his old allegiance, building temples to the worship of Morgoth, where human sacrifice was practiced. Because of this, towards the end of the Second Age, Sauron assumed the titles of Lord of the Earth and King of Men.
This offended the Númenóreans, the powerful Men descended from the line of Beren and Lúthien, who lived on the island of Númenor in the sea between Middle-earth and Valinor. The proud Númenóreans came to Middle-earth with great force of arms, and Sauron's forces fled. Realizing he could not defeat the Numenoreans with military strength, Sauron allowed himself to be taken as a hostage to Númenor by King Ar-Pharazôn. There, he quickly grew from captive to advisor and was known as Tar-Mairon; he converted many Númenóreans to the worship of Morgoth, and raised a great temple in which he performed human sacrifices. Finally, he convinced the king to rebel against the Valar and attack Valinor itself. Eru, the supreme god, then directly intervened: Númenor was drowned under the sea, and the great navy of Númenor was destroyed. Sauron was diminished in the flood of Númenor, and fled back to Mordor, where he slowly rebuilt his strength during the time known as the Dark Years.
From this point on he was unable to assume a fair shape, and ruled now through terror and force. A few faithful Númenóreans were saved from the flood, and they founded Gondor and Arnor in Middle-earth. These faithful Men, led by Elendil and his sons, allied with the Elves of Lindon under the Elven-king Gil-galad, and together fought Sauron in the War of the Last Alliance and, after a long period, defeated him in the year S.A. 3441, although both Elendil and Gil-galad were killed. Isildur, son of Elendil, cut the One Ring from Sauron's finger and claimed it. Later, the Ring betrayed him and was lost for more than two thousand years.
Third Age
Sauron's Return
After his defeat in the War of the Last Alliance, Sauron had lost his ability to form a physical body for a great while. It is thought that he fled to the far east to regain his power and strength before returning. It was not until c. T.A. 1000 that Sauron could again begin to take shape and in 1050 his power was enough that he began again to throw a shadow across portions of Middle-earth. It is around this time that he first began to inhabit southern Greenwood the Great, choosing the hill of Amon Lanc as a place to build the fortress of Dol Guldur. At first, it was thought by the wise that it was one of the Nazgûl who had returned and taken up residence in southern Greenwood, but when Gandalf entered the fortress in 2063 the power in Dol Guldur fled before him into the East thus beginning the Watchful Peace.
The Watchful Peace
Sauron returned from the east in 2460 and again took up residence in Dol Guldur. Eventually, after many hundreds of years of pressing the White Council to take action against the Necromancer, Gandalf entered Dol Guldur in secret in 2850 and learned that the Necromancer was actually none other than Sauron. In 2851, the White Council were informed of this, and Gandalf urged an immediate attack upon the fortress, but Saruman the White opposed him, having already learned of the presence of the Ruling Ring near the Gladden Fields.
It was not until 90 years later, in 2941 that Gandalf finally prevailed upon the White Council to attack Dol Guldur and drive Sauron out (see Attack on Dol Guldur). At this point, Sauron returned to Mordor and finalized the reconstruction of Barad-dûr, which had been prepared for him by the Nazgûl for many years prior to this.
The War of the Ring
Sauron bred immense armies of Orcs and allies with which enslaved Men from the east and south. He adopted the symbol of a lidless eye, and he was able at that time to send out his will over Middle-earth, so that the Eye of Sauron was a symbol of power and fear.
After torturing Gollum, he learned that the One Ring had been found by Bilbo Baggins. He sent his deadliest servants, the Nazgûl, to the Shire, only to find that both Bilbo and his nephew, Frodo, had departed. Unbeknownst to Sauron, Frodo had, at the behest of Gandalf, joined the Fellowship of the Ring on a quest to destroy the Ring. He rallied his vast armies to conquer the resistance's strongholds, and sent the Ringwraiths to find and kill Frodo. At about this time, he also learned that Aragorn, Isildur's heir, had also joined the Fellowship, and was rallying armies to defeat his.
When Saruman's army was defeated at Isengard, Aragorn used the Palantir of Orthanc to reveal himself to Sauron. Sauron made the premature conclusion that Aragorn had the Ring, and sent an army commanded by his strongest servant, the Witch-King of Angmar, to overthrow Minas Tirith. This battle would become known as the Battle of the Pelennor Fields.
Although Sauron lost the Battle of Pelennor Fields, the free forces of the West were greatly weakened, and Sauron still had sufficent armies in reserve to ensure military victory. He was outwitted, however, by the strategy of Gandalf, who urged the captains of the Free peoples to march against Sauron, thus diverting the Dark Lord's eye from the real threat of Frodo, the Ring Bearer, who was nearing the end of his quest to destroy the One Ring.
Frodo, however, failed at the last moment, unable to resist the power of the Ring at the place of its birth. But Gollum inadvertently saved him by recovering the Ring in a desperate attempt to possess it, and then falling with it into the fire. Thus Sauron's power was unmade, and his corporeal power in Middle-earth came to an end. His spirit towered above Mordor like a black cloud, but was blown away by a powerful wind from the West. Sauron was now permanently crippled, never to rise again. Saruman would suffer a similar fate.
This article or section is a stub. Please help Tolkien Gateway by expanding it.
Sauron (pron. [ˈsaʊron])[note 1] is a Quenya name, said to mean "the Abhorred".[10]
Several accounts of the origin of the name Sauron were suggested in different linguistic manuscripts:
- deriving from Quenya saura ("foul, evil-smelling, putrid", from the root THUS).[11]
- deriving from Quenya saura ("foul, vile"; from root SAWA). The manuscript continues saying that Sauron "could be a genuine Sindarin formation from saur; but is probably from Quenya". However, this origin appears to have been rejected, as it is followed by the comment "No. THAW-, cruel. Saura, cruel" in the manuscript.[12]
- deriving from the Primitive Quendian form Øaurond- (formed from the adjective Øaurā "detestable", from root THAW).[13]
- deriving from Thauron, which includes the Sindarin element thaur ("abominable, abhorrent"; also found in Gorthaur).[14]
Other names and titles
Gorthaur (Sindarin, pron. [ˈɡorθaʊr]) was a name used of Sauron by the Sindar during the First Age,[15][16] meaning "Terrible Dread".
In some of Tolkien's notes from the 1950s, it is said that Sauron's original name was Mairon, "the admirable" (Q, pron. [ˈmaɪron]), "but this was altered after he was suborned by Melkor. But he continued to call himself Mairon the Admirable, or Tar-mairon 'King Excellent', until after Númenor's downfall."[4]
Among his many titles were the Necromancer, the Abhorred Dread, the Nameless Enemy, the Cruel,[17] the Dark Lord of Mordor and the Lord of the Rings. The Dúnedain called him Sauron the Deceiver due to his role in the downfall of Númenor and the Forging of the Rings of Power.
Other versions of the Legendarium
Prior to the publication of The Silmarillion Sauron's origins and true identity were unclear to those without full access to Tolkien's notes. In early editions of the Guide to Middle Earth, Sauron is described as "probably of the Eldar elves."
Since the earliest versions of the Silmarillion legendarium as detailed in the History of Middle-earth series, Sauron has undergone many changes. The prototype of this character was Tevildo, lord of the cats, who played the role later taken by Sauron in the earliest version of the story of Beren and Lúthien in The Book of Lost Tales Part Two, The Tale of Tinúviel. Tevildo later (but still in the Book of Lost Tales period) was transformed into Thû, the Necromancer. The name was then changed to Gorthû, Sûr, and finally to Sauron. Gorthû, in the form Gorthaur remained in The Silmarillion.
The Necromancer
In The Hobbit the Necromancer is an obscure villainous entity mentioned fleetingly by Gandalf as one of the dangers of the wider world. He is peripheral to the plot of the book: explaining why the company takes the dangerous road though Mirkwood rather than going around, and providing a reason for Gandalf's absence for that section of the journey. Thematically the Necromancer, a truly 'terrible' force beyond the power of the main protagonists, gives the world of The Hobbit a greater level of reality which Tolkien felt was necessary for a 'fairy-tale' to ring true.[18]
Despite the alias it would appear that the Necromancer was always intended to stand for Sauron, a figure from the very earliest phases of his Legendarium (as Tevildo in The Tale of Tinúviel). Shortly after the publication of The Hobbit Tolkien wrote:
Mr Baggins began as a comic tale among conventional and inconsistent Grimm's fairy-tale dwarves, and got drawn into the edge of it – so that even Sauron the terrible peeped over the edge.
—J.R.R. Tolkien[19]
However, as The Hobbit was not originally intended to be integrated with Tolkien's wider mythology the Necromancer did not necessarily need to be consistent with his First Age counterpart Sauron, rather the two were loosely linked to add an 'impression of depth' to the narrative of The Hobbit. With Tolkien's decision to merge the two 'worlds' and make Sauron the central antagonist Lord of the Rings came the need to reconcile the two figures and account for his whereabouts in the millennia between the end of the First Age and his dwelling in Bilbo's Mirkwood. This was largely achieved in the Tale of Years, with Sauron becoming a much greater figure after the fall of his master, one who argueably drove the history of the entire Second and Third Ages of Middle-earth.
Portrayal in adaptations
|Sauron in Adaptations
1955: The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series):
- The voice of Sauron is provided by Felix Felton.[20]
1966: The Hobbit (1966 film):
1968: The Hobbit (1968 radio series):
- Sauron is mentioned only very briefly at the end; Gandalf and Elrond discuss how the "Necromancer" had been driven from his abode in the south of Mirkwood.
1977: The Hobbit (1977 film):
1978: The Lord of the Rings (1978 film):
1979: The Hobbit (1979 radio series):
1979: The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series):
1980: The Return of the King (1980 film):
1981: The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series):
1982-97: Middle-earth Role Playing:
- Sauron is treated as a Mage of level 180 (level 360 if using the One Ring). Among his items are the Elf-slaying Black Sword (S. Mormegil), the Gauntlet of Slaying ("Narsil's Bane"), and the Black Scale of dragonskin. Among his special powers are Domination (control over other players using the One Eye), resistance to normal weapons, and the ability to force anyone within his sight to resist fear (or otherwise becoming frozen).[21][22]
1985: Lord of the Rings: Game One:
1988: J.R.R. Tolkien's War in Middle Earth
1990: J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game):
- Sauron is mentioned by Gandalf in the beginning of the game.
1993: Hobitit:
1993: J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers:
- Sauron is mentioned in the beginning of the game, when Gandalf explains the history of the One Ring.
1995-8: Middle-earth Collectible Card Game:
- The card "Sauron", appearing in the set The Balrog, is playable as a manifestation of the card "The Lidless Eye" (from the set The Lidless Eye), and can be used by players to enhance their general influence.[23]
2001-3: The Lord of the Rings: The Motion Picture Trilogy:
2002: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game):
2002: The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game):
2003: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game):
2003: The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring:
2003: The Hobbit (2003 video game):
- Sauron and the events of the south of Mirkwood are left unmentioned. However, whilst in Mirkwood, Bilbo has to defeat creatures that he calls "Minions of the Necromancer".
2004: The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age:
- At the end of the game, Berethor and company (the playable characters) have to defeat the eye of Sauron by physically attacking him on top of Barad-dûr.
2004: The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth:
2005: The Lord of the Rings: Tactics:
2006: The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II:
2007: The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar:
2008: The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria:
2009: The Lord of the Rings: Conquest:
2010: The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest:
2011: The Lord of the Rings: War in the North
2012-3: The Hobbit films:
- Benedict Cumberbatch is set to play the voice of Sauron, as the "Necromancer".
See also
- ↑ Sauron is pronounced "sour-on" (sour as in not sweet).
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age"
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Index of Names"
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Valaquenta: Account of the Valar and Maiar According to the Lore of the Eldar"
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings", in Parma Eldalamberon XVII (edited by Christopher Gilson), p. 183
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Ainulindalë: The Music of the Ainur"
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor"
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Coming of Men into the West"
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of Beren and Lúthien"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Index of Names"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Lost Road and Other Writings, "Part Three: The Etymologies", p. 393 (entry THUS-)
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings", in Parma Eldalamberon XVII (edited by Christopher Gilson), pp. 183-4
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 297, (dated August 1967), p. 380
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Appendix: Elements in Quenya and Sindarin Names" (entry for thaur)
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The War of the Jewels, "Part Two. The Later Quenta Silmarillion: Of the Ruin of Beleriand and the Fall of Fingolfin (Chapter 15)", p. 240
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien, Christopher Tolkien (ed.), The Silmarillion, "Valaquenta: Of the Enemies"
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 17, (dated 15 October 1937)
- ↑ J.R.R. Tolkien; Humphrey Carpenter, Christopher Tolkien (eds.), The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 19, (dated 16 December 1937)
- ↑ Radio Times, Volume 133, No. 1724, November 23, 1956
- ↑ Peter C. Fenlon, Terry K. Amthor, R. Mark Colborn (1986), Lords of Middle-earth Vol I: The Immortals (#8002), pp. 98-102
- ↑ Peter C. Fenlon, Jr. (1993), Valar and Maiar (#2006), pp. 97-105
- ↑ "Home page for the game Middle Earth", Trade Cards Online (accessed 5 January 2012)
|Preceded by:
c. S.A. 1600 – 3441
|Followed by:
| Manwë · Ulmo · Aulë · Oromë · Mandos · Irmo · Tulkas ·
|Varda · Yavanna · Nienna · Estë · Vairë · Vána · Nessa
|Arien · Eönwë · Ilmarë · Melian · Ossë · Salmar · Tilion · Uinen
|Saruman · Gandalf · Radagast · Blue Wizards
|Sauron · Balrogs (Gothmog · Durin's Bane) · Boldogs
|Music · Valarin · Almaren · Valinor · Valmar · Second Music • italics indicates Aratar


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ToughLove South Africa
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This guy is my lucky charm.
Not sure he realizes he is the worst poster on covers. Literally never right. Its actually quite impressive
Originally Posted by Dannyle0507: Stl over is 135 now. You think it still good?
Should be.
ODU/GM Under
Originally Posted by TopHog: Tough break on STL/UMASS over. That was some bullshit. 132 and they missed 193430 free throws in last 4 mins
Yep, combined they went 2/8 last 1:03. Tough to push a game that shoulda went over by 10+.....
SLU/Umass O132 BIG
UMass +11
Mich St ML -130
Flor Atl +17
Vandy +12.5
Utah +6.5
Weber St -8.5
Montana pk/Oreg St +10 teaser
Nooga -1/E Wash +1.5 teaser
7-2-1 ncaa, 2-0 nba with Az St +10 pending for a chance at a 10-2 day
UNC was my only bad play. What a pathetic performance. Weber St won by 7 after being up dd most of the 2nd h....boo
Wouldnt fade me tomorrow either.


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"CRUNCH!" That awful, dreaded sound you hear when you pull out of a parking spot or change lanes only to find another vehicle is suddenly there. Hopefully, nobody is injured. But there's some damage done – to one or both vehicles. An auto accident is never fun and can take its physical and mental toll on you. When the unexpected happens, make sure you keep these do's and don'ts in mind to help you get back on the road.
What to Do After a Traffic Accident
Stay calm. It's easy to fly off the handle, yelling and swearing. This will only escalate the situation. Keep your cool when the worst happens. Don't confront the other driver or start placing blame on them. Instead, ask about their well-being and ensure no one in their vehicle has been injured or is in immediate need of medical attention.
Look for the other driver's license plate number, make and model. Immediately check the back of the other driver's car and note their license plate number, just in case they drive off.
Alert the police. Even though it's a minor car crash, a police report can provide valuable information to your insurance company for any claims that are filed. 911 may not be your first call. If there are no injuries, try the direct numbers for your local police and fire departments. It's a good idea to look up the direct numbers and save them in your phone.
Exchange Information. The police will take down information at the scene of the car accident, but it's vital that you do too. Keep the list below in mind after an accident:
Driver and passenger names
License plate numbers
Driver's License Number and state in which it was issued
Insurance information
Makes and models of all vehicles involved
Contact information of any eyewitnesses
Location of the accident
Name/badge number of any responding police officers
Read more about what you should do if you become involved in an accident with an uninsured driver.
If possible, move your vehicles off a busy street so it doesn't cause a traffic jam. Your safety comes first, so don't worry too much about disturbing the scene of the accident. Police and the insurance companies can gather a lot of information just from the damage to the cars.
Turn on your hazard lights. It's a simple step that might get lost in the confusion after an accident. This will make it easier for other vehicles to avoid the accident and for police and (if needed) an ambulance to find you.
Snap photos of all vehicles involved in the traffic accident. This will give you record of the actual damage, in case the other driver tries to claim things were worse at a later date.
Take care of yourself. Adrenaline could be masking pain, and soft-tissue injuries might not be apparent immediately after a car accident. Keep a journal of how you're feeling, and visit a doctor if your situation changes.
Locate witnesses. If there were pedestrians who saw the accident or drivers who stopped, make sure you take down their names and contact information in case you need to get in touch.
Contact your insurer. You should contact your insurance agent as soon as you can. They will be able to help you file a claim and inform you of any next steps you need to take.
What Not to Do After a Traffic Accident
Leave the scene of the accident. Even if it's not a bad wreck, no one is hurt, or the vehicle damage is minor or even non-existent. You should never leave the scene of the accident. Regardless of whether the wreck appears very minor, you still should check on the other victim(s), exchange insurance information and report it to law enforcement. It's a crime if you don't.
Assume that your injuries are minor, or that they'll resolve on their own. You might not feel the full extent of your injuries for days, even weeks after the accident – but don't wait to seek medical treatment. Even if you feel your injuries are minor, see a doctor ASAP.
Lose your cool. Your emotions are likely running high and it might not be your fault, but it's never a good idea to lose control. The first thing you should ask the other driver is, "Are you okay?" Do not yell at them or make accusations. Take some deep breaths and stay calm.
Admit fault. Even if you think the situation is your fault, you may be wrong. The police and your insurance company will decide who is to blame. You may only be partially at fault, or there may be circumstances you're unaware of.
Remember these do's and don'ts in the event of an any kind of traffic accident. You can never predict when an accident will happen, and it's important to make sure you're adequately insured. Connect with a Farm Bureau agent to help protect yourself.


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We'll ship your order to you, anywhere in the USA, absolutely FREE. It's our way of thanking you for ordering and for your future business as well.
Standard economy ground shipping is free with every online order. Normal delivery time for this method is 2 to 3 weeks from the date your package is shipped.
We are ready to respond quickly if you desire more expeditious delivery. When ordering online, you will be presented with a choice of available expedited methods in Step 2 of checkout.
Please note: When shipping by UPS, we must have a physical street address as these services will not deliver to a Post Office box.
Also, Faster Shipping and Priority Service are the only faster services available for offshore zip codes (which include Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, and Samoa).
All of our products are unconditionally guaranteed. If, for any reason, you find an item less than satisfactory…displeasing in any way, simply return it to us. We'll rush you a replacement or a refund check, whichever you prefer. Shipping and handling fees are not refundable. We want you to be absolutely delighted with each and every product you order from us.
TaxSales tax is applicable on any orders that are shipped to California. Please note that according to California law sales tax must be calculated using the total amount of your merchandise plus any fees other than shipping.
HandlingThere is a nominal $3 handling fee included in each order that we process. This amount helps defray a small portion of the expense we incur in expediting your order through our system and carefully hand-packing your merchandise.


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HAGERSTOWN — The 7-Eleven on Leitersburg Pike was robbed early this morning.
Maryland State Police were called to the convenience store at 19340 Leitersburg Pike at 1:53 a.m.
Police said a white man entered the store, went behind the counter and demand money from the cashier. He fled with an undisclosed amount of money. Police said no weapon was used in the holdup.
The man was last seen running from the store.
State police, assisted by the Washington County Sheriff's Department and the Hagerstown Police Department, searched the area, but did not find the man.
The robber is in his mid-20s to 30s, 6 feet to 6 feet 4 inches tall and more than 200 pounds. He was wearing a camouflage sweatshirt and a camouflage mask.


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Do people still call these things trivets? Hot plates? Hot pads? I came across a designer who makes these brilliant thingies labeled as "Cork Ladders" and I've got to say that's the best name yet.
Hetta, a Swedish company, takes lengths of cork and strings them together alternately with beads to create these long, beautiful, functional treats for the table and the minute I saw them I said "Wow!" Followed by "I can do that!"
So instead of doing the easy thing and just buying one for myself I spent much more time than sanity permits to track down the supplies and put my own cork ladder together.
First off, I could not find cork strips. Cork sheets, cork tiles, corks for bottles but no lengths of cork either in the stores here in Anchorage or on the internet which meant that I was forced to go to Plan B.
I instead bought 1-inch by 1-inch balsa wood strips--much more readily available--at the craft store and cut them into eight-inch lengths. I figured that though regular craft wood was less expensive the balsa wood would be less abrasive on your table surface.
Then I drilled a hole through the middle of each piece of balsa and strung it along some jewelry wire with some pretty wooden beads and tied it off at each end. Perfect for potlucks or the family dining table.
If you don't have a power drill the balsa is soft enough you tap a hole through with an awl or even a hammer and nail. I'm hoping that the wood holds up well under the heat of the pans and the stress of use, I've only been using it a short time so I'll have to let you know about that later when the evidence is in.
Though it sure looks pretty.
I'll stick one in my Etsy shop if the whole hunting-down-supplies-to-make-it-yourself thing just isn't on the menu for this week. I understand, it wouldn't be on my menu this week either.
Congratulations to Ren of Orlando, Florida and another nameless entrant who has not yet responded to claim his/her prize (check the emails--was it you?) for winning the two t-shirts from PeaceLoveMom.com in the last giveaway. I'm wearing my shirt right now--and if I don't get a response today I'll draw another name--so cross those fingers again!
Sponsored by Sweet Retreat Kids--for fun kids decor. Fun spaces are memorable places.
Technorati tags: crafts, housewares, kitchen


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5:00 pm
Antiques Roadshow "Milwaukee, WI - Part 1" Collectors bring such treasures as a 1952 Fender Esquire guitar and a late 19th-century child's sled in the shape of a swan. An 18th-century desk and bookcase passed down to the owner from his great-grandfather, a former governor of Connecticut, has a potential value of $250,000 if the two pieces are not marred. Part 1 of 3G
5:59 pm
Priceless Antiques Roadshow Furniture specialist Lennox Cato shares his tips for canny collecting, and Penny Brittain learns that a stitch in time is the watchword of textile conservation.G
6:30 pm
Rick Steves' Europe "Rome: Ancient Glory" Rick takes a fresh look at Rome by exploring the traces of life in the capital of the ancient world - visiting the Colosseum and the Pantheon, and viewing the empire's art. Then he goes by bicycle to see the Appian Way and the other marvels of Roman engineering. Part 1 of 3G
7:00 pm
The Lawrence Welk Show "County Fair" This production-filled show captures the fun of a fair including "Cotton Candy and a Toy Balloon." Dick Dale sings "John Henry." Bobby and Cissy have "Fun Goin' To the Fair." The band plays a medley from the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Carousel.G
8:00 pm
Are You Being Served? "Anything You Can Do" Fed up with complaints about the food, the canteen staff goes on strike and challenges the Ladies and Gents staff to do better.G
8:30 pm
Keeping Up Appearances - The Memoirs of Hyacinth Bucket "Let There Be Light" Hyacinth is desperate to keep up with the Barker-Finches, who have a bit of local fame at barbecue. She plans a super barbecue special, complete with her own local "celebrity." Richard is far from keen on the whole idea.G
9:00 pm
As Time Goes By "Problems, Problems" Jean and Lionel debate the mini-series to be based on their love story.G
9:30 pm
Outnumbered Mum and Dad struggle to put things right between them. Karen is worried by her vital role in the school concert. Ben is busy recreating the assault on Everest on the stairs.G
10:00 pm
The Red Green Show "Harold's Job" Harold leaves the Lodge and moves to the city to take a job as as assistant account executive for an international corporation. Ranger Gordon's animated educational films are introduced. Red demonstrates how to clean out your car with a garbage truck.G
10:30 pm
My Family "Can't Get No Satisfaction" Michael and Alfie's internet dating does not go quite according to plan. Kenzo's piano-playing may leave a lot to be desired, but will Ben's attempt to get his old band together prove a bigger hit?G
11:00 pm
Doctor Who Series "The Girl Who Waited" Amy is trapped in a quarantine facility for victims of an alien plague - a plague that will kill the Doctor in a day. The Doctor can use the TARDIS to smash through time and break in, but then Rory is on his own. Can he rescue Amy before she is killed by kindness?G
11:49 pm
Doctor Who: Confidential "What Dreams May Come" NULL


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- Home
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- Christmas Lights Reflect Truth that Christ is Light of World, Pope Says
Christmas Lights Reflect Truth that Christ is Light of World, Pope Says
The lights glowing on the Christmas tree in St. Peter's Square, like Christmas lights everywhere, are reminders that Jesus is the light of the world, Pope Francis said.
While he did not attend the Vatican's tree-lighting ceremony Dec. 13, the pope personally thanked the German donors and their Czech neighbors for the tree during an audience earlier in the day.
The 82-feet-tall tree was a gift of the German city of Waldmunchen, but it grew just over the border in the Czech Republic. Mayors from Bavaria in Germany and Bohemia in the Czech Republic joined hands to light the tree.
"This tree is international," the pope told the 350 pilgrims who traveled to the Vatican for the tree-lighting ceremony.
The Gospel story of Jesus' birth tells how the shepherds tending their flocks nearby were surrounded by a "great light," the pope said. "Today, too, Jesus continues to dispel the darkness of error and sin and brings humanity the joy of blazing divine light."
"We should let ourselves be enveloped by the light of his truth so that the joy of the Gospel would fill the hearts and lives of all who encounter Jesus," he said.
As the sun was about to set, the German and Czech pilgrims -- many in traditional costumes -- gathered with Vatican officials for the ceremony. The festivities began with the Vatican police band playing the Vatican and German national anthems.
The Bavarians said they particularly were proud that it was the second time they donated a tree to the Vatican; the first was in 1984.
Cardinal Giuseppe Bertello, president of the commission governing Vatican City State, told the pilgrims that while the Christmas tree was a northern European tradition, it was a custom Pope John Paul II brought to the Vatican in 1982.
"The tree, in every culture, is a symbol of life," the cardinal said. A Christmas tree is a reminder that "the Lord comes to give us his life. Let us welcome him in our hearts and, in the glow of its light, let us bring him to the world."


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The floodwaters that destroyed homes and roads around Boulder County also ravaged animal habitat.
Representatives of public and private wildlife agencies are still assessing the impact of the flood on the region's wildlife, but it appears that smaller animals bore the brunt.
The Greenwood Wildlife Rehabilitation Center has received reports of "tons and tons" of dead birds, said Jenny Bryant, volunteer and outreach manager for the center.
Birds' feathers tend to lose their waterproofing in the heavy, sustained rains that pounded the area last week, and that leaves them susceptible to hypothermia. Their food sources are also disrupted by the flooding, and some birds are starving.
Bryant said people can help by keeping their bird feeders stocked and putting out clean water.
The center has taken in numerous baby squirrels who were washed out of their nests and separated from their mothers, Bryant said.
Fish and other aquatic life, ironically, are also struggling in the wake of the flood, said Jennifer Churchill, a spokeswoman for the state Division of Parks and Wildlife.
The amount of silt and debris in the water makes it harder for fish to get oxygen from the water, and many fish were simply stranded on land as the flood waters receded.
Aquatic biologists are visiting waterways to assess the scope of the impact and make decisions about stocking later in the season.
But many wild animals have ways of surviving floods.
Larger mammals tend to move to higher ground in advance of rising waters.
"They're very aware of the sounds and what is going on," Churchill said. "It's similar to a fire (in which animals sense changes in heat and sound). They have very highly attuned senses and are aware of things usually before people are."
Boulder Urban Wildlife Conservation Coordinator Valerie Matheson said the mother bear and two cubs who have become wildlife celebrities in Boulder have been spotted since the flood near Baseline Road and 14th Street, and she hasn't seen evidence of other large mammal deaths.
Prairie dogs construct portions of the burrow at higher elevations, and those form air pockets where the animals can wait out the flood, even if much of the burrow is under water.
Those measures only go so far.
Matheson said a prairie dog colony near the city's wastewater treatment plant on 75th Street is still under water, and those animals are presumed drowned.
However, prairie dogs have been spotted going about their normal activities at Boulder's Valmont Park and near Longmont's Lake McIntosh, both areas that were under water.
Even affected animal populations are expected to bounce back.
"Most animals are pretty resourceful," Bryant said. "If they made it out of the flood, they figure out ways to survive."


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Product Information
If you're that girl that loves to be outdoors, then you already have a camo collection. Keep that collection going by getting these Northwest Realtree pink camo seat covers. And guys, if you're looking for an awesome gift for your country girl, these seat covers are the perfect gift. You can choose between the AP Pink sport camo covers or the AP total camo covers to match your style and your ride. The 600 denier nylon fabric is perfect because it's completely waterproof, stain resistant, and treated against UV fading. Since these seat covers are custom designed, installation is a breeze. They are machine washable so feel free to easily pull them off and get them clean. Bring the outdoors into your vehicle with a set of Northwest Realtree pink camo seat covers. You can't beat the look and protection!
Realtree camo seat covers are custom made to order. Custom built "made to order" products are non-returnable except in the case of warranty. Pro Seat's warranty policy is repair or replace. If you have any questions and need help ordering, please call. We want to make sure your seat covers are ordered correctly to ensure you get the right seat covers for your vehicle. To ensure the front and rear seat cover material matches, please order the front & rear seat covers in the same order.
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Description:Drive : 20/40GB Low Voltage Differential (LVD) Ultra Wide SCSI Internal DAT Tape Drive (Opal) - 4mm helical scan DDS Drive - 5.25-inch form factor half-height 68-pin high density SCSI connectorPart Number(s)
Option Part# 158856-001
Overview:Today's rapidly expanding networks and information systems require a fast reliable storage solution. The new DDS-4 format based on the firmly established DDS media system is the answer. 40GB¹ in a compact DAT-size cartridge offers more than enough capacity to back up new generation of larger hard disk drives. Very fast transfer rate of 17GB/hour¹ not only assures a safe backup within an ever-shrinking backup window but also minimises the downtime while restoring data. Full read and write backward compatibility with DDS-1 2 and 3 ensures all valuable archived data can still be accessed. Fast drum rotational speed (8503 rpm) boosts the transfer rate to 4.8MB/s¹ (12X) in DDS-3/4 mode and 1.5MB/s¹ (4X) in DDS-1/2 mode. Ultra Wide SCSI interface supports easy integration into the latest hardware environment and boosts the burst transfer rate to 40MB/s (synchronous). Overall performance is further improved with an expanded buffer memory (8MB) which minimises start/stop as well as Hyper Metal head and On-Drum amplifier that reduce the number of retries while reading. Compact 3.5-inch form factor assures easy installation into a variety of systems. The compact DAT-size cartridge minimises shelf space required for archives. (158856-001)


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It truly is free to look for over million near by personals for sex in Betchcott
The most beneficial date you can get me on wouldn�t be the most expensive. The truth is, the worst date I have at any time been on was the just one the place the male was most obsessive about income - acquiring pricey wine and purchasing it loudly so that I (and everybody around the tables close by) would listen to and become impressed with how extra fat his wallet was. And when I have been seeking the right husband or wife, ideally I�d choose to uncover 1 with precisely the very same profits as me: matched to your penny, to avoid resulting in fights.The ideal day you might choose me on would not be the most expensive. The truth is, the worst day I�ve ever been on was the just one wherever the male was most obsessive about income - obtaining highly-priced wine and purchasing it loudly to make sure that I (and everybody within the tables close by) would hear and be impressed with how body fat his wallet was. And when I have been on the lookout for the best spouse, ideally I�d would like to obtain one with exactly the very same cash flow as me: matched on the penny, to stop leading to fights.
I�m only telling you this to place the following little bit in context: cash and associations. Associations and cash. I study lots of MoneySavingExpert, simply because that's the type of nerd I'm about cash, and often the query arrives up of the way you ought to break up the expenses inside a partnership. This 7 days somebody wrote in to inquire once more concerning the very best method to break up expenses: ought to the individual earning much more spend proportionately much more for residing costs? It is frequently among the most heated debates around the cash discussion boards, simply because many people in associations believe they�ve received a good concept of how very best to get it done. It is also among the most pointless debates within the cash discussion boards, simply because the answer to cash imbalance will inevitably be various for every partnership.
One thing I discover most fascinating concerning this dialogue, although, is the fact that even though feelings are touched on, the options provided are often easy calculations: including and subtracting and attempting to set up a formulation for fairness. As though - within the phrases of a lot of individuals who have by no means needed to be worried about it - it truly is �only cash.� As though cash is simply a sheaf of paper or figures on the display, instead of some thing to which we connect substantial, complicated feelings. Splitting expenses inside a partnership is not only about possessing a method. Unless of course you are each extremely comparable individuals, no answer that focuses exclusively on figures will function. Since it is not only a query of how you will break up the expenses: it is an issue of the way you comprehend one another.


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Cancer is a disease in which cells grow in an abnormal way. Normally, the cells divide in a controlled manner to replace old or damaged cells. If cells keep dividing when new cells are not needed, a mass of tissue called a tumor forms.
A tumor can be benign or malignant. A benign tumor is not cancer and will not spread to other parts of the body. A malignant tumor is cancer. Cancer cells invade and damage tissue around them. The cancer cells can also enter the lymph and blood streams, spreading to other parts of the body. Breast cancer is the development of malignant cells in the breast tissue.
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer found in women, though lung cancer claims far more lives. Although the majority of breast cancer cases occur in women, it occurs in men as well. This fact sheet focuses on breast cancer in women.
Normal Anatomy and the Development of Breast Cancer
A breast consists of glandular tissue called lobes. These lobes are divided into lobules, which can produce milk. Milk is carried from the lobules to the nipple by small ducts. All of this is surrounded by fatty and connective tissue, as well as blood and lymph vessels.
Breast cancer can start anywhere in the breast tissue, but the most common places are in the glandular tissue like ducts and lobules. The cancer cells may eventually form a tumor, or invade nearby tissue, such as the chest wall or lymph glands.
Lymph vessels delivers fluid from around the tissue, back into the bloodstream. When it detects foreign matter like bacteria or viruses, lymph nodes will help create blood cells to fight the infection. The lymph can also carry cancer cells away from the original tumor site and allow cancer to travel to other areas of the lymph or body. The lymph vessels around the breast lead to lymph nodes under the arm, above the collarbone, and in the chest. Cancer that has spread to other areas of the body is called metastatic cancer. The most common sites for metastatic breast cancer are the bones, lung, brain, and liver.
Types of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer can develop in different ways and may affect different parts of the breast. The location of cancer will affect the progression of cancer and the treatment.
- Most breast cancers are carcinomas—Malignant tumors that grow out of the surface or lining of the glandular tissue of the breast.
- Other very rare types of breast cancer are formed in the surrounding and supporting tissues. These are referred to as sarcomas, acinar tumors, or lymphomas.
Breast cancer can also be classified by its invasiveness.
- In situ cancers are localized. This means the cancer is contained to the tissue is originated from only, and has not spread. Treatment for in situ cancers are generally local and in most cases, curable.
- However, invasive cancers have begun to spread beyond the primary site. Depending on how long the cancer has been growing, invasion can occur in adjacent tissue or distant sites in the body.
- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)—Develops in milk ducts. More common diagnosis now because this form is generally seen on a mammogram. It is identified by unusual calcium deposits or puckering of the breast tissue (called stellate appearance). This type of cancer has a high cure rate. However, if left untreated, DCIS will progress to a more invasive breast cancer.
- Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)—Unlike DCIS, LCIS is not really cancer at all. Most doctors consider the finding of LCIS to be incidental, and it is thought to be a marker for breast cancer risk. Women with LCIS seem to have a 7-10 times increased risk of developing some form of breast cancer (usually invasive lobular carcinoma) over the next 20 years.
LCIS does not warrant treatment by surgery or radiation therapy. Your doctor will monitor the LCIS with regular check-ups and tests to see if there is any further development.
- Ductal carcinoma—This is the most common form of breast cancer and accounts for 80% of breast cancer cases. This cancer develops in the milk ducts.
- Lobular carcinoma—This originates in the milk-producing lobules of the breast. It can spread to the fatty tissue and other parts of the body.
- Medullary, mucinous, and tubular carcinomas—These are 3 relatively slower-growing types of breast cancer. They are named based on their appearance under a microscope.
- Inflammatory breast cancer—Though relatively uncommon, inflammatory breast cancer is fast growing and difficult to treat. Cancer cells invade the lymphatic vessels of the skin and can be very extensive. It is very likely to spread to the local lymph nodes.
Paget's disease is cancer of the areola and nipple. It is very rare, occurring in less than 1% of all breast cancers. Although Paget's does not arise from glandular tissue in the breast, it can be associated with both in situ and invasive breast cancers. Generally, women who develop this type of cancer have a history of nipple crusting, scaling, itching, or inflammation.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Mohei Abouzied, MD, FACP
- Review Date: 06/2017 -
- Update Date: 10/21/2015 -


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pfim wrote:columbia wrote:Rylan wrote:Yea, no way FedEx or UPS would ever want to handle delivery of such mail. They would ruin themselves.
Yep. There's a reason they haven't entered the full market space of the USPS.
Well, they're not allowed to by law.
Still, I doubt very much that they'd want to.
It will be hilarious when they get a huge government subsidy to upgrade their infrastructure in order to handle daily mail delivery. And of course they'll keep the cost down for you.


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Cadillac was the first name in American luxury cars for more than 100 years. The iconic models of the 1950s and 1960s were the favorites of movies stars and even the king of rock 'n' roll himself, Elvis Presley. However, the brand fell out of favor during the automotive downsizing of the 1970s and 1980s. Only by implementing a bold, new design philosophy in the 1990s was Cadillac able to revitalize itself as a brand. Not only that, but for the first time in its history, Cadillac recently began to appeal to younger drivers.
Cadillac Origins
Cadillac was actually started by Henry Ford in the late 19th century. However, Ford soon departed, taking his name with him. In 1902, the company brought in auto part manufacturer Henry Martyn Leland and, taking its name from that of the French explorer who discovered Detroit, re-launched themselves as Cadillac.
Cadillac was one of the first American automakers to embrace the production of stylish luxury cars that were engineered precisely. Almost from the very beginning, cars made by Cadillac were regarded as being the best produced by U.S. automakers.
Early offerings, such as the Model A and the Cadillac 30 were successful enough that the company was acquired by General Motors in 1909. GM took advantage of Cadillac's high-end brand name and its expertise in producing stylish luxury cars by making the company into its luxury imprint.
Cadillac Through The Years
Cadillac had an immediate impact on the American automotive industry when it released the Cadillac Osceola. While only one Osceola was built, it was the first close-bodied car to be produced in the U.S. The design caught on instantly and close-bodied cars soon became more popular than the open top models that had been prevalent in the early years of the automotive era.
However, Cadillac did not truly come into its own until the postwar era. Adorned with acres of chrome and massive tailfins inspired by World War II fighter planes, the Cadillacs of the 1940s,50s. and 60s were instant icons.
Yet, oil crises in the Middle East and gas shortages in the U.S. took Cadillac down the same perilous roads as many other American auto manufacturers in the 1970s. Americans began purchasing smaller cars and the company's sales declined throughout the decade. The Cadillac brand continued to struggle in the 1980s as American drivers turned towards Japanese automakers, many of which introduced luxury models during this period.
Cadillac finally found its footing in the American auto market in the 1990s. By introducing a line of redesigned models and making major improvements in the quality of the engines it produced, Cadillac was able to reverse its fortunes introducing new models like the Escalade and the CTS sport sedan. These in turn finally succeeded in making Cadillac popular with younger drivers that had proved elusive in previous decades.
Cadillac Models
Originally introduced in 1999, the Escalade was Cadillac's first entry into the SUV market. The full-size Escalade was intended as a more luxurious alternative to the Lincoln Navigator and has been popular with everyone from hip-hop stars to soccer moms ever since. In its third generation, the Escalade enabled Cadillac to finally break through the age barrier with younger drivers, and it remains the best-selling luxury SUV on the U.S. market.
The Cadillac CTS is a midsize luxury vehicle that has been in production since 2003. Available as a sedan, coupe, or sport wagon, the CTS was one of the first midsize Cadillacs to catch on with the public. Having been given a bold design and tested extensively at the famed Nurburgring in Germany, the CTS was designed to go head to head with luxury import brands such as BMW and Mercedes.
The Cadillac SRX is a midsize luxury SUV crossover that was introduced in 2004. Initially the SRX featured rear-wheel drive and offered the option of a third row seat or a V-8. However newer models have front-wheel drive, are smaller in size and offer only the option of a V-6. A 300-hp turbocharged model is also available.
Two Cadillac models that were discontinued in 2011 were the Cadillac DTS full-size luxury sedan and the Cadillac STS midsize sport luxury sedan.
Cadillac Products and Technologies
Cadillac always found success when they've remained innovative and focused on producing quality, well-engineered cars that also offer a certain level of reliability. Current models such as the Escalade SUV and the CTS are among the auto maker's best sellers. The CTS, in particular is regarded as being one of the only American-made, entry-level luxury cars that was able take market share away from import brands such as Lexus, Volvo, and Mercedes-Benz.
Cadillac ATS
2019-2013 | Coupe, Midsize, Sedan
Cadillac ATS-V
2017-2016 | Coupe, Midsize, Sedan
Cadillac Catera
2001-1997 | Luxury, Sedan
The Cadillac Catera was famously marketed with commercials featuring Cindy Crawford and a cartoon duck named Ziggy as "The Caddy that zigs."
Cadillac CT6
2018-2016 | Luxury, Sedan
Cadillac CTS
2019-2003 | Coupe, Luxury, Sedan, Wagon
Before the release of the Cadillac CTS, anything bearing the Cadillac name was associated with luxury and quite often sheer size.
Cadillac CTS-V
2017-2009, 2007-2004 | Coupe, Luxury, Sedan, Wagon
The Cadillac CTS-V is the higher-performance version of the CTS class.
Cadillac Deville
2005-1995 | Luxury, Sedan
The Coupe DeVille was introduced in 1949 as a luxury coupe in the Cadillac Series 62 line.
Cadillac DTS
2011-2006 | Luxury, Sedan
The Cadillac DTS is a full-size luxury vehicle offered as a four-door sedan.
Cadillac Eldorado
2002-1995 | Coupe, Luxury
The Cadillac Eldorado is known for its commitment to luxury and performance.
Cadillac ELR
2016, 2014 | Coupe, Hybrid, Midsize
Cadillac Escalade
2019-2002, 2000-1999 | Hybrid, SUV, Utility/Offroad
Despite a rough start, the Cadillac Escalade proved to be one of the top rising stars in the luxury SUV market.
Cadillac Escalade ESV
2018-2014 | SUV, Utility/Offroad
Cadillac Escalade EXT
2013-2002 | Truck, Utility/Offroad
The Cadillac Escalade EXT is a combination of a full-size luxury SUV and a crew-cab pickup.
Cadillac Fleetwood
1996-1995 | Luxury, Sedan
Although Cadillac discontinued the Fleetwood in 1996, it enjoyed a two-decade long production run dating back to 1977.
Cadillac Seville
2004-1995 | Luxury, Sedan
Cadillac originally used the Seville name during the 1950s to denote a coupe version of the popular Cadillac Eldorado.
Cadillac SRX
2016-2004 | SUV, Utility/Offroad
The Cadillac SRX is a midsize luxury crossover SUV that was introduced in 2004.
Cadillac STS
2011-2005 | Luxury, Sedan
The STS or Seville Touring Sedan is a midsize luxury sports sedan that's based on GM's Sigma rear and all-wheel drive platform.
Cadillac STS-V
2009-2006 | Luxury, Sedan
The Cadillac STS-V is just one of the models offered by Cadillac.
Cadillac XLR
2009-2004 | Convertible, Luxury
The Cadillac XLR is a two-seat roadster that debuted in 2003 and was ultimately discontinued in 2009.
Cadillac XLR-V
2009-2006 | Convertible, Luxury
The Cadillac XLR-V is a higher performance XLR model that has been in production from 2006 to 2009.
Cadillac XT4
2019 | SUV, Utility/Offroad
Cadillac XT5
2019-2017 | SUV, Utility/Offroad
Cadillac XTS
2019-2013 | Luxury, Sedan


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Following the success of their 'game changer' OKLAHOMA, Rodgers & Hammerstein journeyed into film once again with the blockbuster SOUTH PACIFIC.
MITZI GAYNOR @ DuPont Theatre FEB 16 &17
Following the success of their 'game changer' OKLAHOMA, Rodgers & Hammerstein journeyed into film once again with the blockbuster SOUTH PACIFIC.
Mary Martin and Ezio Pinza were the leads on Broadway and were the initial choices for the movie. Pinza died and Doris Day was offered the role of Nellie Forbush. She declined. Elizabeth Taylor auditioned but her voice was frightful.
Which leads us to this Saturday and Sunday at The DuPont Theatre.....drum roll....Mitzi Gaynor. Gaynor had previously done musicals and with the international success of the movie, a new star was born. She went on to star in ANYTHING GOES, THERE'S NO BUSINESS LIKE SHOW BUSINESS, among others.
Razzle Dazzle! My Life Behind the Sequins is an intimate evening of laughs, love & music. In this glittering one woman performance the audience is showered with a personal peek into her life and career through stories and reflections interwoven with classic songs, remarkable video montages and breathtaking Bob Mackie costume creations.
She certainly had famous friends and costars including Gene Kelly, Ethel Merman, Rossano Brazzi and Marilyn Monroe. Add to that a romance with the ultimate high flyer Howard Hughes.
Video footage (culled from Mitzi's television, concert and film work) and a cavalcade of familiar Hollywood, Broadway and Pop hits.
3 shows: Feb 16 at 2pm AND 8pm; Feb 17 @ 2pm DuPontTheatre.com 302.656.4401 / 800.338.0881
Well, there's at least one organization pulling a kickin' and screamin' Delaware into "World Class" stature. That would be THIS one.
This four day event is a dizzying array of national and international winemakers, brewers and gourmet chefs who will enhance our state - and certainly our image - as a major player for worldwide oenophiles and gastronomes.
To say this is thinking big is to say Gov Chris Christie is a tad overweight. The festival benefits the Charitable Fund of the same name at the DE Community Foundation. The fund donates 100% of the net proceeds to 9 statewide arts organizations. We all win!
The central venue is The Festival Village, an 8000 sq.ft. tent encompassing Rodney Square. Others include everything from Harry's Savoy Grill to Oberod, Piccolina Toscana to The Green Room, the home of DuPont Pres Ellen Kullman to Mt. Cuba, the childhood home of Gerret Copeland. This event is a jaw dropper.
Produced by StrongPointMarketing. MidAtlanticWineandFood.com


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There are some places of business a customer will frequent because they are simply convenient, and that is often reason enough. And then there are places that are popular not only because they are convenient but because they are also courteous, professional and incredibly efficient. The UPS Store is just one of these businesses. Customers bring in an item to be shipped, and the friendly team at the UPS Store is right there to assist you. Why hassle with the long lines and tricky parking at the post office when you can be in and out of the UPS Store in record time, with complete confidence that your package will be expertly packed, rapidly sent and guaranteed to arrive at its destination intact?
Did you know that The UPS Store offers mailbox rentals for both personal and commercial use with 24 hour access, seven days a week? With identity theft on the rise, there are untold risks to leaving your mail, full of personal information, in an unlocked mailbox, often for hours a day. With their convenient and secure mailbox system, The UPS Store alleviates all these risks. They will receive your mail or package from any carrier, sign for it if necessary, and hold it in a secure location inside the center until you are able to come and collect it. An email notification will be sent when your package is received or when your mailbox is full. Furthermore, unlike a post office box, The UPS Store gives you a real street address - no more tracking down mail denied by a P.O. Box address.
As always, The UPS Store in Warwick is there to help with all your shipping needs - from boxes and packing supplies to sending off those packages in a timely manner. If you have an odd shaped item to send, the team here will do everything they can to build you a custom box. The UPS Store also offers black/white, color, and digital printing for jobs of any size ~ there is even a Notary Public on-site! With their 20 years of experience in the packing and shipping business, there is little the team at The UPS Store can't do.
The UPS Store is happy to make available to its USAA customers its popular USAA Easy Deposit Program. The UPS Store provides this easy and secure benefit to its USAA customers, requiring only your debit card and an endorsed check to make a deposit which is immediately-credited to your account.
The UPS Store is located in the Gateway Plaza at 1643 Warwick Ave. Their hours are Mon. - Fri., 9 am to 7 pm and Saturday from 9 am to 5 pm. For more information about any of their services, call 738-4612. There's a mailbox with your name on it!


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Self-verified patient of Dr. Olenka M Speaker - Posted on December 1st, 2017
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text:
- changed status to open
assigned issue to
Good idea, will try and do something simple here.
I don't know how to link to other issues in issue and commit messages. I think this would be very helpful.
Good idea, will try and do something simple here.
Done! It will pick up on #ID from cset descriptions and make links out of them, and strike them through if they're not open.
So does this link to
#17, then?
From comments, at least, it does not work yet. I suggest it be made to work from both issue texts and comments, too.
It does now.


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text: Wednesday, July 13, 2011 Save the Date: COPD Conferences to be held in December The COPD Foundation will host the COPD7USA Conference December 3-4 at the Crystal Gateway Marriott in Crystal City, Virginia. Originally hosted in Europe on even-numbered years, the European-held COPD conference series for researchers and health care professionals is coming to the US for the first time and will continue to meet in the states on alternating years. World-leading researchers in the field will be present to give talks on the building blocks of COPD research, challenges in treatment, best practices for proper diagnosis and management of the disease, characterizing phenotypes, and addressing comorbidities. In addition to 4 days of discussions, hands-on workshops, and training, the conference also will have an exhibit hall where attendees can explore the latest in COPD treatment, oxygen equipment, and community initiatives. The COPD7USA Conference is being held in conjunction with the Second National COPD Conference, hosted by the US COPD Coalition, December 2-3 at the same location. Attendees of both conferences will participate in a joint session the morning of the overlapping day. APTA is a member organization of the US COPD Coalition. Comments enter self in mailing list Posted by prasad on 7/18/2011 9:30 PM


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I've always felt rather guilty that I'm not so good at getting down and playing with my children. I don't play Legos or dress up or wrestle or things like that (that's Andrew's specialty) but I do love reading to them and I'm really hoping that that makes up for some of my less-admirable mom qualities when all is said and done and the votes are counted.
Last week I wrote about encouraging your child to read. Spencer (12) hit a difficult age where suddenly he wasn't reading as much as he used to. He'd made his way through Harry Potter and the rest of the fantasy hangers-on but had hit a wall. What to do next? Well he did nothing and for some reason I wasn't really paying attention.
But when I finally realized the situation I decided to reintroduce him to good books--particularly some good writing--because he's getting to the point where his language skills and communication skills need to be sharpened (that's been a struggling point in school for him lately--reading comprehension) and he needs to get a more adult dose of the English language.
So this week I'm writing about the books I've been introducing into David's and Spencer's diets just like a fine dish of fruit or veggies and even more wonderful.
First Spencer and I read The Lord of the Rings (which took us about ten years to get through) then David and I recently finished The Hobbit (much easier) and we're about to finish our latest read, Treasure Island, which I expect to wrap up by the time this post goes to press (knock on wood). You should hear my Long John Silver voice. It's amazing I tell you. The boys love it though he does sound rather like a weeny in my feminine pirate drawl.
If some of these seem like too much for your child you might consider getting the book in an abridged-for-children format. Many of them are available as Illustrated Classics which will at least introduce a bit of the work to them at an easier level.
1. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain. I'm going to read this one next then follow up with Huckleberry Finn which is even meatier. Tom's adventures really ought to appeal to my boys and the way he gets away with things and weaves in and out of trouble out to please them (though it's really going to tax my dialect abilities). What makes these books wonderful is not only how the boys will relate to the main characters but there's no romance (they hate that) and as they're written from a boy's perspective the language is simple and straightforward. Easy to understand though there are deeper themes to discuss.
2. Tales of Mystery and Suspense by Edgard Allan Poe. Short stories are extra great for reading aloud because:
a) They can be read in one sitting.
b) The writing is usually better because the language is distilled to its essence.
The Telltale Heart, The Cask of Amontillado, the Mask of the Red Death, The Pit and the Pendulum--they're going to love the horror and suspense of it all and if I can "civilize" my boys while still letting them enjoy the kind of things boys usually enjoy then all the better.
If they like those then maybe we'll try The Fall of the House of Usher though I never liked The Murders in the Rue Morgue. An orangutan??? Really??? That is so not scary it's ridiculous.
3. Grimm's Fairy Tales. Speaking of scary stuff they don't call these "grim" for nothing. Have you read the original tales? They are so far off of the Disney versions they're hardly the same stories. What I find interesting about these tales too is that as I understand it they were written as a reflection of the culture in Germany at that time. To justify the good and punish the bad, to warn children of life's dangers and help people cope with the inexplicable.
Sounds good to me but they're also fun to read. Once the boys realize we're not talking singing forest critters and pink princesses I think they'll enjoy them quite a bit. Sometimes I wonder if our society does Disney-fy everything as an attempt to sanitize the life out of things. But that's another post . . .
4. Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott. This is the most readable of Scott's historical novels but seriously? What's not to like about knights and castles and fair maidens? It's a little heavy on the romance but I think I can convince them to swallow it if I make the sword fights really, really exciting. There are other books about knights--The Once and Future King or The Idylls of the King by Tennyson, but they're not nearly as age-appropriate. I found T.H. White's novel quite boring myself so I don't think I could bring myself to read it to the boys.
5. Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens. While David Copperfield or Bleak House are really better novels I think this one about an orphan boy will appeal the most. The sense of right and wrong is so strong in this classic that I can just imagine how my boys will respond to Oliver's plight. A good story to make them feel lucky and educate them about what other children have had to live with but also a "good triumphing over evil" story. I got them into A Christmas Carol over Christmas which they they tolerated that so I think after a few others on the list they'd be ready to tackle this one. "Please, sir, I'd like some more."
6. Journey to the Center of the Earth by Jules Verne. David has already mentioned that he'd like to read this one (thank you Hollywood for the help there) and Verne has so many great adventure stories to chose from: 20,000 Leagues under the Sea, Around the World in 80 Days and The Mysterious Island to name a few. Of all Verne's novels though I think this one conflicts the least with technology.
I can just picture trying to read Around the World in 80 Days to Spencer. He's sure to say, "What's the big deal? We can get around the world in 80 hours!" Ditto on the submarine thing so even though the center of the earth scenario seems highly improbable I think it has the best chance of flying with my little 21st-century techies.
7. The Sea Hawk by Raphael Sabatini. I read this myself a couple years ago. It's about a nobleman who gets kidnapped and sold into slavery but who becomes a pirate and yada yada yada . . . it's terrific. A bit heavy on the romance but really, really a fun read. I happened to mention it to the kids as I was driving them to school in the morning until every morning they asked me "So what happened next?"
I've got this on order from Alibris.com and hope it gets here soon. Sabatini has scads of great adventures stories: Bellarion, Captain Blood, Scaramouche. I think they'd also like Captain Blood which is another knight-turned-pirate story guaranteed to please, the others wouldn't be face paced enough for them.
8. Hatchet by Gary Paulsen. Paulsen's books aren't particularly difficult or challenging from a vocabulary standpoint but sometimes that's not all that can be learned from a book. Hatchet and it's sequels are about a boy who learns to survive in the wilderness after a plane crash leaves him alone. It's a bit of a coming-of-age book that has enough Man v. Wild graphic details to keep the boys listening (sheep's eyeball anyone?) but what appeals to me is the more adult-theme of the book. Children being called on to do extraordinary things--that's going to appeal to my sons and appeal to me as a parent.
9. Tarzan of the Apes by Edgar Rice Burroughs. This is one I actually haven't read myself but I've heard it's different from what you'd expect and quite a page-turner. Though I'm sure "page turner" can be highly subjective. I'm curious to give it a try and see if it lives up to the expectations. I have heard, however, that Tarzan is the fictional character most frequently made into movies. Or in other words, there have been more movies made about Tarzan than any other character that was previously in a book. Interesting. I think I would have said Dracula if I'd had to guess but Tarzan makes sense too.
10. Dracula by Bram Stoker. Which brings me to number 9. Have you read Dracula? Okay it's seriously about the scariest thing out there. Stephen King thinks he's scary and while I'd admit that possessed Cadillacs, prom queens gone wild and buried UFOs are a little odd they really can't compare to a MONSTER THAT SUCKS OUT YOUR BLOOD TO LEAVE YOU UNDEAD. That, my friends, is what real scare is about. Not only is it scary but if you start analyzing it as a Victorian work there are so many metaphors and so much imagery it starts leaking out the pages.
But for a story that will scare two boys I know this one will do.
11. The Master of Ballantrae by Robert Louis Stevenson. Another historical swashbuckler that they ought to enjoy. They've liked Treasure Island though the only thing I'm worried about is having to do accents again. I'm not so good at accents. My Scotch accent is absolutely an abonimation--more like Bob Dylan drunk than anything remotely Scottish so I'll be pretty lame at it. Maybe all the practice will do me good--I do a fair Irish accent. Why is Scottish so much harder to duplicate?
I like this one better than Kidnapped or Dr. Jekyl and Mr. Hyde though it's not so famous.
12. Lord of the Flies by William Golding. This one's an easy read--really easy--and as a story it's quite the thing though I think David is a bit young to appreciate it while Spencer would find it interesting.
Boys stuck shipwrecked on an island by themselves until they regress to the basest instincts and total depravity. Yes, that ought to resonate with my little neanderthals.
13. Lost Horizon by James Hilton. A fictional adventure story of a secret land in the Himalayas--yes, this is the real story of Shangri-la. It's not particularly long but it's adventurous and will give them a taste of adult fiction without the "adult" part they don't need.
14. Kon Tiki by Thor Heyerdahl. Written in 1950 about the real-life experience of Thor Heyerdahl and his crew who set out in a raft from South America to prove whether it was possible that the Polynesian people traveled across the ocean to settle their islands. Full of adventure and sea life it is guaranteed to be a hit with my future biologist.
15. King Solomon's Mines by Sir H. Rider Haggard. I haven't read this one either but it's based on the story of colonial explorer Frederick Courtney Selous and is the first in the African adventure genre. About a treasure hunter, Allan Quartermain, there is gold and bad guys and quests for glory--sounds appealing and I'm hoping that the plot carries as well to the page as it sounds.
16. The Jungle Books by Rudyard Kipling. I loved the Mowgli stories and even better I loved Rikki Tikki Tavi, the story of the mongoose in India. The beauty of Kipling in these stories is his turn of the language. The "Just So" stories are a great read too, "O Best Beloved" and I could read "The Elephant's Child" over and over again.
If the jungle isn't your thing you might try Captains Courageous about a rich boy who is stuck at sea and learns to be a man. Sounds promising doesn't it? It's short and full of manly stuff--just what my boys need.
17. The Mark of Zorro by Johnston McCulley. Another classic adventure story that I haven't actually read but I've heard it described as "Like Tarzan only more exciting and a better read." I'm not sure if this reflects more on Tarzan or on Zorro but either way I'd like to try it and see if it's adventurous enough to thrill boys used to The Force and He-Who-Shall-Not-Be-Named.
18. The Invisible Man by H.G. Wells. This is kind of a surprising story because you expect the guy whose invisible to be the hero and to be a sympathetic character but no--he's not nice. I warn you now. But that doesn't mean the story isn't pretty good. I've wondered if War of the Worlds or The Time Machine are better reads, I haven't read them and this is my only experience with H.G. Wells.
19. The Wizard of Earthsea by Ursula LeGuin. I haven't yet read this and am interested to hear from any one who has but it's a fantasy work that predates Potter by 30 years but with fewer pages and better writing. A young boy who leaves home to enter a world full of wizards and magic? Gosh that sounds familiar . . .
20. A Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. This is a short, easy read about young, handsome Dorian Gray whose portrait is painted by a friend. But this isn't just any portrait, Dorian soon learns that any evil acts he commits are magically recorded on the canvas rather than on his own face. As Dorian falls farther and farther into dark paths the picture transforms while he remains as beautiful as ever. A bit of the supernatural and a dose of morality at the same time. Perfect.
So there are my picks for our future--any suggestions of your own? I realize that this list is particularly heavy on the fiction and that there are wonderful non-fiction books as well so please, leave me your best reads. I'd love to hear them (and read them).
Just as a point of interest here are a few other book lists that might appeal if you found yourself agreeing with me on these that I've chosen:
National Geographic ranks the Extreme Classics: 100 Greatest Adventure Books Ever Written. I've only read a few of these but I'm printing it off for future reference.
Life After Potter: 10 Adventure Novels That Will Keep Youngsters Reading. Some seem pretty easy, I'd recommend these for those still in elementary school.
300 Recommended Books for Junior High Students. A pdf document that you can download or view to see what a junior high grade level for reading really means.
Sponsored by Manfred Mantis Play Sets for play equipment for the 21st century and Dimples and Dandelions with the Serena and Lily Bedding Collection for children.


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Rhiannan Fleming and Curt Brodmerkel, both of Karns City, were united in marriage Oct. 6 at Sandals Whitehouse, Sandals Resort, Jamaica. Oswald A. Hall officiated. A reception followed at the Sandals Whitehouse.
The bride is the daughter of Lisa Fleming of Lower Burrell. Parents of the bridegroom are Bruce Brodmerkel of Chicora and the late Donna Brodmerkel.
The bride is a 2003 graduate of Plum Senior High School and a 2008 graduate of the University of Pittsburgh. She is a student in the master's program at the University of Pittsburgh.
The bridegroom graduated from Karns City High School in 1978 and Slippery Rock University in 1982.
He is employed by Alcoa in New Kensington.
Following the honeymoon trip to Jamaica, the couple is residing in Karns City.